Role Of Shark Cartilage In Reducing Changes In Gene Expression Of Some Enzymes Induced By N-Nitroso-N-Methyl Urea In Prostate Of Irradiated Rats

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

ELMAGHRABY, T.; YACOUB, S.; IBRAHIM, N.K.

2009-01-01

There is overwhelming evidence to indicate that free radicals cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Therefore, antioxidants, which can neutralize free radicals, may be of central importance in the prevention of these diseases. Recent studies demonstrated the role of shark cartilage in protecting cells against reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage and mutagenesis. Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals are known to be the mediators of phenotypic and genotypic changes that lead from mutation to neoplasia. There are some primary antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST-π) and super oxide dismutase (SOD), which protects against cellular and molecular damage caused by the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs).In this study, the effect of shark cartilage against the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone and/or gamma radiation-induced mutagens and carcinogens in rat prostate were investigated.The data showed significant decrease in gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSHPx1) , enzyme activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and non-significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST-π) in N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone, N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone + gamma radiation groups as compared to control group.The results revealed that shark cartilage administration afford a significant protective effect against N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone and/or gamma radiation- induced oxidative injury.

Estudio por Drifts de la oxidación en óxido nitroso de un carbón activado

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José de Jesús Díaz Velásquez

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Con el propósito de obtener materiales con propiedades superficiales diversas, en este trabajo se modificó un carbón activado mediante tratamiento térmico en una atmósfera de 20 % de óxido nitroso en nitrógeno a 500°C, por diferentes períodos de tiempo, al igual que en atmósferas de 5% de oxígeno en nitrógeno a 425°C por 600 minutos, y de 100% dehidrógeno a 950°C por 360 minutos. Para caracterizar la química superficial de los materiales tratados, se utilizó latécnica DRIFTS, cuyos resultados cualitativos muestran que los tratamientos con óxido nitroso tienen efectos mayoressobre la intensidad de los grupos superficiales formados. Estos cambios podrían estar asociados con la incorporacióndel nitrógeno dentro de la matriz del carbón. De acuerdo con los reportes de la literatura, la oxidación en fase gaseosadel carbón activado muestra principalmente grupos superficiales, tales como anhídridos carboxílicos, fenoles ycarboxilatos, lactonas y quinonas.

Evaluación de la genotoxicidad de hidrazida málica, N-nitroso dietilamina, y etil metano sulfonato, en núcleos de Tradescantia, por medio de la prueba del cometa

OpenAIRE

Alvarez-Moya, Carlos; Santerre-Lucas, Anne; Zúñiga-González, Guillermo; Torres-Bugarín, Olivia; Padilla-Camberos, Eduardo; Feria-Velasco, Alfredo

2001-01-01

Objective. To assess the genotoxic activity of N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA), maleic hydrazide (MH), and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) using two systems: the comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia, and the pink mutation test on Tradescantia staminal hairs (clone 4430). Material and Methods. Tradescantia cups was obtained from Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and treated with: N-nitroso diethylamine ...

Synthesis, spectra and X-ray crystallography of dipyridin-2-ylmethanone oxime and its CuX2(oxime)2 complexes: Thermal, Hirshfeld surface and DFT analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Warad, Ismail; Abdoh, Muneer; Al Ali, Anas; Shivalingegowda, Naveen; Kumara, Karthik; Zarrouk, Abdelkader; Lokanath, Neartur Krishnappagowda

2018-02-01

Dipyridin-2-ylmethanone oxime (C11H9N3O), was prepared using di-2-pyridyl ketone. The oxime ligand and its neutral CuX2 (oxime)2 (X = Cl or Br) complexes have been identified with the aid of several spectroscopic techniques such as: IR, EI-MS, EA, UV-visible, TG, 1H-NMR and finally the structure of the free oxime ligand was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The oxime crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with cell parameters a = 8.8811 (8) Å, b = 10.6362 (8) Å, c = 11.2050 (8) Å, β = 109.085 (4) º, V = 1000.26 (14) Å3 and Z = 4. The molecular conformation is stabilized by a strong intramolecular Osbnd H⋯N hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl group of the oxime moiety and the nitrogen of the pyridine ring. Since the oxime structure was solved by XRD, the ligand structure parameters like bond length and angles were compared to the DFT computed one, the UV-visible to TD-SCF and Hirshfeld surface to MEP analysis.

The Preparation and Intramolecular Radical Cyclisation Reactions of Chiral Oxime Ethers

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Booth Susan E.

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Chiral oxime ether 2 and Oxime ester 4 have been prepared by alkylation and esterification of the oxime 1. Racemic hydroxylamine 6 and chiral hydroxylamine 10 have been synthesised from N-hydroxysuccinimide and the corresponding alcohol in the presence of diethylazodicarboxylate, the two products were converted into the oxime ethers 7 and 11 respectively. The intramolecular radical cyclisation reactions of these oxime ethers and esters has been studied, successful reaction was observed to produce alkyl hydroxylamines 3, 8 and 12.

Dietary nitrates, nitrites, and N-nitroso compounds and cancer risk: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.

Science.gov (United States)

Eichholzer, M; Gutzwiller, F

1998-04-01

Experimental animal studies have shown N-nitroso compounds (NOC) to be potent carcinogens. Epidemiologic evidence of the carcinogenic potential of dietary NOC and precursor nitrates and nitrites in humans remains inconclusive with regard to the risk of stomach, brain, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Inadequate available data could obscure a small to moderate effect of NOC.

Dietary Nitrates, Nitrites, and N-Nitroso Compounds and Cancer Risk: a Review of the Epidemiologic Evidence

OpenAIRE

Eichholzer, Monika; Gutzwiller, Felix

2017-01-01

Experimental animal studies have shown N-nitroso compounds (NOC) to be potent carcinogens. Epidemiologic evidence of the carcinogenic potential of dietary NOC and precursor nitrates and nitrites in humans remains inconclusive with regard to the risk of stomach, brain, esophageal, and nasopharyngeal cancers. Inadequate available data could obscure a small to moderate effect of NOC

Synthesis of novel nitroso acetal derivatives via tandem 6π-electrocyclization/ [3+2]-cycloaddition of 1-nitro-2-methyl-1,3 butadiene

OpenAIRE

Esra Koc

2017-01-01

Novel nitroso acetal derivatives (4-methyl-2,3,3a,6-tetrahydroisoxazolo[2,3-b][1,2]oxazine) were synthesized through 6π-electrocyclization/[3+2]-cycloaddition reaction of several dionophiles with 1-nitro-2-methyl-1,3-butadiene. Structures of the synthesized compounds were determined by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, IR and GC-MS analyses.

N-O chemistry for antibiotics: discovery of N-alkyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydroxylamine scaffolds as selective antibacterial agents using nitroso Diels-Alder and ene chemistry.

Science.gov (United States)

Wencewicz, Timothy A; Yang, Baiyuan; Rudloff, James R; Oliver, Allen G; Miller, Marvin J

2011-10-13

The discovery, syntheses, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a new family of heterocyclic antibacterial compounds based on N-alkyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydroxylamine scaffolds are described. A structurally diverse library of ∼100 heterocyclic molecules generated from Lewis acid-mediated nucleophilic ring-opening reactions with nitroso Diels-Alder cycloadducts and nitroso ene reactions with substituted alkenes was evaluated in whole cell antibacterial assays. Compounds containing the N-alkyl-N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydroxylamine structure demonstrated selective and potent antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 (MIC(90) = 2.0 μM or 0.41 μg/mL) and moderate activity against other Gram-positive strains including antibiotic resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). A new synthetic route to the active core was developed using palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig amination reactions of N-alkyl-O-(4-methoxybenzyl)hydroxylamines with 2-halo-pyridines that facilitated SAR studies and revealed the simplest active structural fragment. This work shows the value of using a combination of diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) and parallel synthesis for identifying new antibacterial scaffolds.

FAAS determination of thallium after preconcentration using nitroso-S and TDBA onto benzophenone

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Mohammad Ali Taher

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Thallium is quantitatively retained by 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (nitroso-S and tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (TDBA onto benzophenone in the pH range 10.0-11.5 from large volumes of aqueous solutions of various samples. After filtration, each solid mass consisting of thallium complex and benzophenone is dissolved with 5 mL of dimethylformamide and the metal was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS. Eight replicate determinations of 10.0 μg/mL of thallium in final dimethylformamide (DMF solution gave a mean absorbance of 0.150 with a relative standard deviation of 1.9%. The sensitivity for 1% absorption was 0.293 μg/mL. The method of extraction and preconcentration is economical, rapid, sensitive, highly selective and satisfactory. The interference of a number of anions and cations has been studied and the optimized conditions developed were utilized for the trace determination of thallium in various samples.

Interpretation of electronic spectra of ruthenium nitroso complexes with N-heterocyclic ligands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sizova, O.V.; Ivanova, N.V.; Lyubimova, O.O.; Nikol'skij, A.B.

2004-01-01

Relaying on ab initio and semiempirical CINDO/CI calculations of free ligands L and complexes trans-[Ru(NO)(NH 3 ) 4 (L)] 3+ (L=pyridine, pyrazine, nicotinamide, l-histidine, imidazole), electronic absorption spectra of nitroso complexes with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ligands L have been analyzed. Spectral manifestations of strong covalent bond Ru-NO was pointed out and the conclusion was made about advisability of presentation of Ru and NO oxidation states in grouping RuNO 3+ as Ru(III) and NO 0 . Introduction of nitroso group into inner coordination sphere of Ru(II) complexes with nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ligands results in essential rearrangement of the entire structure and deprives ligands L of their ability to manifest chromophore properties [ru

Probing the Carbonyl Functionality of a Petroleum Resin and Asphaltene through Oximation and Schiff Base Formation in Conjunction with N-15 NMR.

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Kevin A Thorn

Full Text Available Despite recent advances in spectroscopic techniques, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of the carbonyl groups in the asphaltene and resin fractions of crude oil, information necessary for an understanding of the physical properties and environmental fate of these materials. Carbonyl and hydroxyl group functionalities are not observed in natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR spectra of asphaltenes and resins and therefore require spin labeling techniques for detection. In this study, the carbonyl functionalities of the resin and asphaltene fractions from a light aliphatic crude oil that is the source of groundwater contamination at the long term USGS study site near Bemidji, Minnesota, have been examined through reaction with 15N-labeled hydroxylamine and aniline in conjunction with analysis by solid and liquid state 15N NMR. Ketone groups were revealed through 15N NMR detection of their oxime and Schiff base derivatives, and esters through their hydroxamic acid derivatives. Anilinohydroquinone adducts provided evidence for quinones. Some possible configurations of the ketone groups in the resin and asphaltene fractions can be inferred from a consideration of the likely reactions that lead to heterocyclic condensation products with aniline and to the Beckmann reaction products from the initially formed oximes. These include aromatic ketones and ketones adjacent to quaternary carbon centers, β-hydroxyketones, β-diketones, and β-ketoesters. In a solid state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS 15N NMR spectrum recorded on the underivatized asphaltene as a control, carbazole and pyrrole-like nitrogens were the major naturally abundant nitrogens detected.

Probing the carbonyl functionality of a petroleum resin and asphaltene through oximation and schiff base formation in conjunction with N-15 NMR

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Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.

2015-01-01

Despite recent advances in spectroscopic techniques, there is uncertainty regarding the nature of the carbonyl groups in the asphaltene and resin fractions of crude oil, information necessary for an understanding of the physical properties and environmental fate of these materials. Carbonyl and hydroxyl group functionalities are not observed in natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of asphaltenes and resins and therefore require spin labeling techniques for detection. In this study, the carbonyl functionalities of the resin and asphaltene fractions from a light aliphatic crude oil that is the source of groundwater contamination at the long term USGS study site near Bemidji, Minnesota, have been examined through reaction with 15N-labeled hydroxylamine and aniline in conjunction with analysis by solid and liquid state 15N NMR. Ketone groups were revealed through 15N NMR detection of their oxime and Schiff base derivatives, and esters through their hydroxamic acid derivatives. Anilinohydroquinone adducts provided evidence for quinones. Some possible configurations of the ketone groups in the resin and asphaltene fractions can be inferred from a consideration of the likely reactions that lead to heterocyclic condensation products with aniline and to the Beckmann reaction products from the initially formed oximes. These include aromatic ketones and ketones adjacent to quaternary carbon centers, β-hydroxyketones, β-diketones, and β-ketoesters. In a solid state cross polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) 15N NMR spectrum recorded on the underivatized asphaltene as a control, carbazole and pyrrole-like nitrogens were the major naturally abundant nitrogens detected.

A Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of the Alkylation of Guanine by N- Nitroso Compounds.

Science.gov (United States)

1992-01-01

these chemical agents alkylate DNA, but, as yet, the precise mechanism is unknown. What is known is that the result is a DNA-mutagen adduct with an alkyl ... nitrosoureas , Singer et. al. found that about 25% of the alkylation caused by MNU was on the DNA phospate backbone while, for ENU, phosphate...sites. 1.3 Mutagenicity of N-Nitroso Compounds In early experimental work with agents which alkylate DNA, comparisons of ultraviolet absorption

Fluoren-9-one oxime

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Bernhard Bugenhagen

2014-03-01

Full Text Available In the title molecule, C13H9NO, the fluorene system and the oxime group non-H atoms are essentially coplanar, with a maximum deviation from the fluorene mean plane of 0.079 (2 Å for the oxime O atom. A short intramolecular C—H...O generates an S(6 ring. In the crystal, molecules related by a twofold screw axis are connected by O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming [100] chains Within these chains, molecules related by a unit translation along [100] show π–π stacking interactions between their fluorene ring systems with an interplanar distance of 3.347 (2 Å. The dihedral angle between the fluorene units of adjacent molecules along the helix is 88.40 (2°. There is a short C—H...π contact between the fluorene groups belonging to neighbouring chains.

Steric control of reactivity: formation of oximes, benzodiazepinone N-oxides and isoxazoloquinolinones

OpenAIRE

Heaney, Frances; Bourke, Sharon; Cunningham, Desmond; McArdle, Patrick

1998-01-01

Reaction of the alkenyl carbonyl compounds 1 with hydroxylamine can lead to the formation of the oximes 2, the benzodiazepinone N-oxides 3 or the isoxazoloquinolinones 5. The product(s) of reaction are shown to depend on the electronic nature of the terminal olefinic substituent R3 and the space filling capacity of the substituents R1, R2 and R4. When the olefinic centre is electron poor (R3 = CO2Et) ketocarbonyls convert exclusively to bicyclic nitrones 3 whereas aldehydes are more sensitive...

Efficacious Oxime for Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Minireview ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Oximes are well known as acetylcholinesterase reactivators and are used in organophosphorus poisoning to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Therapeutically available oximes, namely, pralidoxime (2-PAM), obidoxime, trimedoxime and Hagedorn oxime (HI-6), have no broad-spectrum activity against structurally ...

Analysis of mutagenic and carcinogenic risks: nitrates, nitrites, N-Nitroso compounds. Comparison with radioactive risks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bittel, R.

1987-07-01

This report comes within the scope of the general studies on mutagenic and carcinogenic agents other than ionizing radiations. Through feeding, way of life and working activities, man is exposed to genotoxic risks of N-nitroso compounds (NNC). In spite of differences in the molecular modes of action, there exists some analogy between the effects of radiation exposures and those of NNC: DNA is the target in either instance. Unlike radiations, NNC are alkylating agents. The whole activation process of carcinogens arises from mechanisms leading to DNA repair [fr

High performance supercapacitor using N-doped graphene prepared via supercritical fluid processing with an oxime nitrogen source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balaji, S. Suresh; Elavarasan, A.; Sathish, M.

2016-01-01

Graphical abstract: N-doped graphene prepared via supercritical fluid processing with oxime nitrogen source (DMG) showed enhanced performance in electrochemical supercapacitor application. A maximum specific capacitance of 286 F g"−"1 at a current density of 0.5 A/g was achieved with a high specific capacity retention of 98% after 1000 cycles at 5 A/g. - Highlights: • N-functionalised graphene synthesized via supercritical fluid processing. • DMG, an oxime based nitrogen precursor. • Maximum specific capacitance of 286 F/g at 0.5 A/g in aqueous solution. • Pyridinic as well as quarternary nitrogen for enhanced capacitance. - Abstract: Heteroatom doped graphene has been proved for its promising applications in electrochemical energy storage systems. Here, nitrogen (N) doped graphene was prepared via two different techniques namely supercritical fluid assisted processing and hydrothermal heat treatment using dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as an oxime nitrogen precursor. The FT-IR and Raman spectra showed the N-containing functional group in the graphene. The XRD analysis revealed the complete reduction of graphene oxide during the supercritical fluid processing. The elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the amount and nature of N-doping in the graphene, respectively. The surface morphology and physical nature of the samples were analyzed using scanning and transmission electron microscopic analysis. The electrochemical performance of prepared electrode materials was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The N-doped graphene prepared via supercritical fluid assisted processing exhibit enhanced capacitive behaviour with a maximum specific capacitance of 286 F g"−"1 at a current density of 0.5 A/g. The cycling studies showed 98% specific capacity retention with 100% coulombic efficiency over 1000 cycles at 5 A/g. The enhanced specific capacitance of N

Glycoconjugate Oxime Formation Catalyzed at Neutral pH: Mechanistic Insights and Applications of 1,4-Diaminobenzene as a Superior Catalyst for Complex Carbohydrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Østergaard, Mads; Christensen, Niels Johan; Hjuler, Christian T; Jensen, Knud J; Thygesen, Mikkel B

2018-04-18

The reaction of unprotected carbohydrates with aminooxy reagents to provide oximes is a key method for the construction of glycoconjugates. Aniline and derivatives serve as organocatalysts for the formation of oximes from simple aldehydes, and we have previously reported that aniline also catalyzes the formation of oximes from the more complex aldehydes, carbohydrates. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the effect of aniline analogues on the formation of carbohydrate oximes and related glycoconjugates depending on organocatalyst structure, pH, nucleophile, and carbohydrate, covering more than 150 different reaction conditions. The observed superiority of the 1,4-diaminobenzene (PDA) catalyst at neutral pH is rationalized by NMR analyses and DFT studies of reaction intermediates. Carbohydrate oxime formation at pH 7 is demonstrated by the formation of a bioactive glycoconjugate from a labile, decorated octasaccharide originating from exopolysaccharides of the soil bacterium Mesorhizobium loti. This study of glycoconjugate formation includes the first direct comparison of aniline-catalyzed reaction rates and equilibrium constants for different classes of nucleophiles, including primary oxyamines, secondary N-alkyl oxyamines, as well as aryl and arylsulfonyl hydrazides. We identified 1,4-diaminobenzene as a superior catalyst for the construction of oxime-linked glycoconjugates under mild conditions.

Nitric oxide circulates in mammalian plasma primarily as an S-nitroso adduct of serum albumin.

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Stamler, J S; Jaraki, O; Osborne, J; Simon, D I; Keaney, J; Vita, J; Singel, D; Valeri, C R; Loscalzo, J

1992-01-01

We have recently shown that nitric oxide or authentic endothelium-derived relaxing factor generated in a biologic system reacts in the presence of specific protein thiols to form S-nitrosoprotein derivatives that have endothelium-derived relaxing factor-like properties. The single free cysteine of serum albumin, Cys-34, is particularly reactive toward nitrogen oxides (most likely nitrosonium ion) under physiologic conditions, primarily because of its anomalously low pK; given its abundance in plasma, where it accounts for approximately 0.5 mM thiol, we hypothesized that this plasma protein serves as a reservoir for nitric oxide produced by the endothelial cell. To test this hypothesis, we developed a methodology, which involves UV photolytic cleavage of the S--NO bond before reaction with ozone for chemiluminescence detection, with which to measure free nitric oxide, S-nitrosothiols, and S-nitrosoproteins in biologic systems. We found that human plasma contains approximately 7 microM S-nitrosothiols, of which 96% are S-nitrosoproteins, 82% of which is accounted for by S-nitroso-serum albumin. By contrast, plasma levels of free nitric oxide are only in the 3-nM range. In rabbits, plasma S-nitrosothiols are present at approximately 1 microM; 60 min after administration of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine at 50 mg/ml, a selective and potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetases, S-nitrosothiols decreased by approximately 40% (greater than 95% of which were accounted for by S-nitrosoproteins, and approximately 80% of which was S-nitroso-serum albumin); this decrease was accompanied by a concomitant increase in mean arterial blood pressure of 22%. These data suggest that naturally produced nitric oxide circulates in plasma primarily complexed in S-nitrosothiol species, principal among which is S-nitroso-serum albumin. This abundant, relatively long-lived adduct likely serves as a reservoir with which plasma levels of highly reactive, short-lived free nitric oxide can be

New Cinchona Oximes Evaluated as Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibited by Organophosphorus Compounds

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Maja Katalinić

2017-07-01

Full Text Available For the last six decades, researchers have been focused on finding efficient reactivators of organophosphorus compound (OP-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE. In this study, we have focused our research on a new oxime scaffold based on the Cinchona structure since it was proven to fit the cholinesterases active site and reversibly inhibit their activity. Three Cinchona oximes (C1, C2, and C3, derivatives of the 9-oxocinchonidine, were synthesized and investigated in reactivation of various OP-inhibited AChE and BChE. As the results showed, the tested oximes were more efficient in the reactivation of BChE and they reactivated enzyme activity to up to 70% with reactivation rates similar to known pyridinium oximes used as antidotes in medical practice today. Furthermore, the oximes showed selectivity towards binding to the BChE active site and the determined enzyme-oxime dissociation constants supported work on the future development of inhibitors in other targeted studies (e.g., in treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Also, we monitored the cytotoxic effect of Cinchona oximes on two cell lines Hep G2 and SH-SY5Y to determine the possible limits for in vivo application. The cytotoxicity results support future studies of these compounds as long as their biological activity is targeted in the lower micromolar range.

Efficacious Oxime for Organophosphorus Poisoning: A Minireview

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Erah

Abstract. Oximes are well known as acetylcholinesterase reactivators and are used in ... activity against structurally different kinds of organophosphorus ... serious threat with regard to occupational .... choose an oxime for unknown OPC exposure. Secondly, there is a lack of .... oximes, and hence cannot pass the blood.

Native and tabun-inhibited cholinesterase interactions with oximes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovarik, Z.; Katalinic, M.; Sinko, G.

2009-01-01

The phosphorylation of the serine hydroxyl group in the active site of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inactivates this essential enzyme in neurotransmission. Its related enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) also interacts with organophosphorus compounds (OP) scavenging anti-cholinesterase agents and protects synaptic AChE from inhibition. Oximes are reactivators of AChE phosphorylated by OP including insecticides and nerve agents. The effectiveness of oxime-assisted reactivation is primarily attributed to the nucleophilic displacement rate of organophosphate, but efficiency varies with the structure of the bound organophosphate, the structure of the oxime as well as rates of several other cholinesterase's reactions. Besides reactivating cholinesterases, oximes also reversibly inhibit both cholinesterases and protect them from phosphorylation by OP. We tested oximes varying in the type of ring (pyridinium and/or imidazolium), the length and type of the linker between rings, and in the position of the oxime group on the ring to find more effective oximes to reactivate tabun-inhibited human erythrocyte AChE and plasma BChE. Herein we bring an overview of in vitro interactions of native and tabun-inhibited AChE and BChE with oximes together with conformational analysis of the oximes relating molecular properties to their reactivation potency.(author)

Synthesis and 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity of C21 Steroids Having 1,4-diene or 4,6-diene 20-ones and 4-Azasteroid 20-Oximes

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Eunsook Ma

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The synthesis and evaluation of 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of some 4-azasteroid-20-ones and 20-oximes and 3β-hydroxy-, 3β-acetoxy-, or epoxy-substituted C21 steroidal 20-ones and 20-oximes having double bonds in the A and/or B ring are described. Inhibitory activity of synthesized compounds was assessed using 5α-reductase enzyme and [1,2,6,7-3H]testosterone as substrate. All synthesized compounds were less active than finasteride (IC50: 1.2 nM. Three 4-azasteroid-2-oximes (compounds 4, 6 and 8 showed good inhibitory activity (IC50: 26, 10 and 11 nM and were more active than corresponding 4-azasteroid 20-ones (compounds 3, 5 and 7. 3β-Hydroxy-, 3β-acetoxy- and 1α,2α-, 5α,6α- or 6α,7α-epoxysteroid-20-one and -20-oxime derivatives having double bonds in the A and/or B ring showed no inhibition of 5α-reductase enzyme.

Indirubin Derivative 7-Bromoindirubin-3-Oxime (7Bio Attenuates Aβ Oligomer-Induced Cognitive Impairments in Mice

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Liping Chen

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Indirubins are natural occurring alkaloids extracted from indigo dye-containing plants. Indirubins could inhibit various kinases, and might be used to treat chronic myelocytic leukemia, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. 7-bromoindirubin-3-oxime (7Bio, an indirubin derivative derived from indirubin-3-oxime, possesses inhibitory effects against cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (CDK5 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β, two pharmacological targets of Alzheimer's disease (AD. In this study, we have discovered that 2.3–23.3 μg/kg 7Bio effectively prevented β-amyloid (Aβ oligomer-induced impairments of spatial cognition and recognition without affecting bodyweight and motor functions in mice. Moreover, 7Bio potently inhibited Aβ oligomer-induced expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α. Furthermore, 7Bio significantly prevented the decreased expression of synapsin-1 and PSD-95, biomarkers of pre-synaptic and post-synaptic proteins in Aβ oligomer-treated mice. The mean optical density (OD with hyper-phosphorylated tau (pTau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP and CD45 positive staining in the hippocampus of 7Bio-treated mice were significantly decreased compared to those of Aβ oligomer-treated mice. In addition, Western blotting analysis showed that 7Bio attenuated Aβ oligomer-decreased expression of pSer9-GSK3β. Those results suggested that 7Bio could potently inhibit Aβ oligomer-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic impairments, tau hyper-phosphorylation, and activation of astrocytes and microglia, which may contribute to the neuroprotective effects of 7Bio. Based on these findings, we expected that 7Bio might be developed as a novel anti-AD lead compound.

Gamma irradiation of cholestenone oximes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uenseren, Envare.

1976-01-01

Irradiation of cholest-4-en-3-one and cholest-5-en-3-one oximes with cobalt-60 gamma-rays in different solvents at different doses gave a mixture of products from which ketones corresponding to the starting oximes, Beckmann type rearrangement products, and some other radiolysis products have been isolated and identified

Accelerated oxygen consumption by catecholamines in the presence of aromatic nitro and nitroso compounds. Implications and neurotoxicity of nitro compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sridhar, K.

1981-01-01

The interactions of catecholamines with nitro and nitroso compounds are studied in view of the possible involvement of catecholamine type neurotransmitters in neurotoxicity caused by hypoxic cell sensitizers. The data reported suggest that neurotoxicity of nitro compounds may be due to depletion of oxygen, catecholamines and ascorbate in nerve tissue with concomitant generation of toxic species such as hydroxyl, hydronitroxyl and superoxide free radicals as well as nitroso and quinonoid derivatives. 5 references, 1 figure

Analysis of carbonyl compounds via headspace solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization and gas chromatographic-ion trap tandem mass spectrometric determination of their O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)oxime derivatives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmarr, Hans-Georg [Dienstleistungszentrum Laendlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (Germany)], E-mail: hans-georg.schmarr@dlr.rlp.de; Potouridis, Theodoros; Ganss, Sebastian; Sang, Wei; Koepp, Benedikt; Bokuz, Ursula; Fischer, Ulrich [Dienstleistungszentrum Laendlicher Raum (DLR) Rheinpfalz, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (Germany)

2008-06-09

An improved method for the analysis of carbonyls is described utilizing a headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) step and on-fiber derivatization with O-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) hydrochloride. Thermal desorption of the oxime derivatives formed on the fiber is followed by gas chromatographic separation coupled to an ion trap tandem mass spectrometer (GC-ITMS). Selecting specific fragment ions within the electron ionization (EI{sup +}) mass spectra of these oxime derivatives as precursor ions for MS-MS fragmentation provides a suitable method for the target analysis of individual carbonyl classes, such as alkanals, (E)-2-alkenals, (E,E)-2,4-alkadienals, and others. Retention indices on polar as well as on apolar stationary phases along with EI{sup +} mass spectra patterns are presented for a large set of oxime derivatives, giving valuable information needed for unambiguous assignment of substances in complex sample matrices. The fast sample preparation and derivatization step via HS-SPME can be automated and is applicable to a variety of biological samples and foodstuffs, allowing rapid and sensitive screening analyses of important aldehydic biomarkers and aroma active compounds.

Ação do óxido nitroso no sistema nervoso central: estudo eletrofisiológico como agente único e como agente coadjuvante Acción del óxido nitroso en el sistema nervioso central: estudio eletrofisiológico como agente único y como agente coadyuvante Nitrous oxide action on the central nervous system: electrophysiological study as a sole agent or a coadjuvant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verônica Vieira da Costa

2002-06-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O óxido nitroso é o agente anestésico inalatório mais utilizado em todo o mundo. Seu mecanismo de ação é bastante discutido, com base em resultados experimentais e em evidências clínicas. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a ação eletrofisiológica deste fármaco no Sistema Nervoso Central através de monitorização específica. MÉTODO: Foram estudados vinte e cinco pacientes de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 6 e 25 anos, submetidos à cirurgia ortopédica ou plástica reparadora, os quais foram monitorizados com índice bispectral do eletroencefalograma (BIS e potencial evocado somatossensitivo (PESS durante a anestesia. Foram realizados registros basais do BIS e do PESS, bem como após o uso do óxido nitroso em fracionais alveolares (FA de 30%, 50% e 66%. Em seguida o óxido nitroso era descontinuado e administrado aleatoriamente isoflurano ou desflurano em 0,5 CAM e 1 CAM. Mantinha-se 1 CAM do determinado agente e o óxido nitroso era novamente administrado nas mesmas concentrações anteriores. RESULTADOS: O óxido nitroso quando utilizado como agente único, produz uma redução no BIS que, embora seja estatisticamente significante, não expressa um estado de hipnose. Esta redução também ocorre quando utilizado como agente coadjuvante mas sem importância clínica. Como agente único, o óxido nitroso deprimiu significantemente a amplitude das ondas cerebrais, sem promover aumento na latência. O isoflurano e desflurano reduziram a amplitude e aumentaram a latência das ondas cerebrais. A associação do óxido nitroso a estes agentes, intensificou ainda mais estes efeitos nas ondas corticais. Não houve alteração significativa das ondas periférica e medular do PESS. CONCLUSÕES: O óxido nitroso tem uma pequena ação hipnótica, que não é captada completamente pelo BIS. Tem ação acentuada nas estruturas corticais, tanto como agente único como associado ao isoflurano e desflurano, o que

Morphological mutations induced by gamma rays, ethylene imine and N-nitroso-N-ethyl urea in lentil (Lens culinaris medik.)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Solanki, I.S.; Sharma, B.

2003-01-01

Dry and healthy seeds of a large seeded lentil cv, 'Precoz Selection', were treated with three doses each of gamma rays, ethylene imine (EI) and N-nitroso-N-ethyl urea (NEU). Based on the frequency of morphological mutations, the mutagens were arranged in the order: NEU > EI >. Gamma rays and dose-dependent relationship was observed in the case of gamma rays (5 kR 1 damage groups induced morphological mutations in the order: HH > HL > LH > LL. The morphological mutations included changes for growth habit, foliage, plant height and maturity and flowering behaviour. A mild relative mutagenic specificity and differences in mutability of genes for different traits were observed, In general the spectrum of morphological mutations was not influenced by the groups of M 1 damage, except that some mutation types occurred more frequently, than others in certain groups. (author)

A Highly Efficient Catalyst for Oxime Ligation and Hydrazone-Oxime Exchange Suitable for Bioconjugation

OpenAIRE

Rashidian, Mohammad; Mahmoodi, Mohammad M.; Shah, Rachit; Dozier, Jonathan K.; Wagner, Carston R.; Distefano, Mark D.

2013-01-01

Imine-based reactions are useful for a wide range of bioconjugation applications. Although aniline is known to catalyze the oxime ligation reaction under physiological conditions, it suffers from slow reaction kinetics, specifically when a ketone is being used or when hydrazone-oxime exchange is performed. Here, we report on the discovery of a new catalyst that is up to 15 times more efficient than aniline. That catalyst, m-phenylenediamine (mPDA), was initially used to analyze the kinetics o...

Chromatographic analysis of toxic phosphylated oximes (POX): a brief overview.

Science.gov (United States)

Becker, Christian; Worek, Franz; John, Harald

2010-10-01

Poisoning with organophosphorus compounds (OP), e.g. pesticides and nerve agents, causes inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by phosphylation of the active site serine residue. Consequently, accumulation of stimulating acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft induces cholinergic crisis which ultimately may lead to death. For standard causal therapy, enzyme reactivators are administered representing oxime derivatives of quarternary pyridinium compounds, e.g. pralidoxime (2-PAM), obidoxime and HI 6. The mechanism of action includes removal of the phosphyl moiety by a nucleophilic attack of the oximate molecule substituting the enzyme and forming a phosphylated oxime (POX). POX is produced in stoichiometric amounts of reactivated enzyme and exhibits a significantly enhanced toxicity (inhibition rate constant) when compared to the parent OP. However, stability of POX under physiological conditions appears to be highly limited. Nevertheless, the presence of POX reveals a potential critical issue for both therapeutic efficacy in vivo and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modelling based on cholinesterase activity data. Detailed characterization represents an important need for elaboration of the entire oxime pharmacology.Nevertheless, reports on POX toxicity and analysis are quite rare and may therefore be indicative of the challenge of POX analysis. This review provides a concise overview of chromatographic approaches applied to POX separation. Chromatography represents the key technology for POX purification and quantification in kinetic in vitro studies using buffers and biological fluids. Applications based on reversed-phase chromatography (RPC), ion pair chromatography (IPC) and an affinity approach as well as thin layer chromatography (TLC) are discussed and novel applications and data are presented. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reaction of the oximes of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones with alkoxyethenes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Voronkov, M.G.; Keiko, N.A.; Shuvashev, Yu.A.; Kalikhman, I.D.; Keiko, V.V.

1987-01-01

In the reaction of acetone oxime with alkyl vinyl ethers in the presence of zinc chloride variable amounts of acetone 0,0'-(2-propylidene)dioxime, acetaldehyde dialkyl acetal, acetaldehyde 0-(1-alkoxyethyl)oxide, and acetone 0-(1-alkoxy-1-methylethyl)oxime, depending on the reaction conditions, are formed in addition to acetone 0-(1-alkoxyethyl)oxime (the initial addition product). In the reaction of acetaldehyde oxime with alkyl vinyl ethers in the presence of zinc chloride acetaldehyde oxime with alkyl vinyl ethers in the presence of zinc chloride acetaldehyde dialkyl acetal was isolated in addition to acetaldehyde 0-(1-alkoxyethyl)oxime. A mechanism for the formation of the obtained compounds is proposed

A structure-activity analysis of the variation in oxime efficacy against nerve agents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maxwell, Donald M.; Koplovitz, Irwin; Worek, Franz; Sweeney, Richard E.

2008-01-01

A structure-activity analysis was used to evaluate the variation in oxime efficacy of 2-PAM, obidoxime, HI-6 and ICD585 against nerve agents. In vivo oxime protection and in vitro oxime reactivation were used as indicators of oxime efficacy against VX, sarin, VR and cyclosarin. Analysis of in vivo oxime protection was conducted with oxime protective ratios (PR) from guinea pigs receiving oxime and atropine therapy after sc administration of nerve agent. Analysis of in vitro reactivation was conducted with second-order rate contants (k r2 ) for oxime reactivation of agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from guinea pig erythrocytes. In vivo oxime PR and in vitro k r2 decreased as the volume of the alkylmethylphosphonate moiety of nerve agents increased from VX to cyclosarin. This effect was greater with 2-PAM and obidoxime (> 14-fold decrease in PR) than with HI-6 and ICD585 ( r2 as the volume of the agent moiety conjugated to AChE increased was consistent with a steric hindrance mechanism. Linear regression of log (PR-1) against log (k r2 · [oxime dose]) produced two offset parallel regression lines that delineated a significant difference between the coupling of oxime reactivation and oxime protection for HI-6 and ICD585 compared to 2-PAM and obidoxime. HI-6 and ICD585 appeared to be 6.8-fold more effective than 2-PAM and obidoxime at coupling oxime reactivation to oxime protection, which suggested that the isonicotinamide group that is common to both of these oximes, but absent from 2-PAM and obidoxime, is important for oxime efficacy

/sup 13/C-/sup 13/C spin-spin coupling constants in structural investigations. I. New method of determining the configuration of oximes and their derivatives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Krivdin, L.B.; Shcherbakov, V.V.; Kalabin, G.A.

1986-07-10

It was shown that the direct /sup 13/C-/sup 13/C spin-spin coupling constants can be used for the unambiguous identification of the configurational isomers of oximes and their derivatives. The stereospecificity of the constants is explained by the additional contribution from the unshared electron pair of the nitrogen atom to the spin-spin coupling constant between the adjacent carbon nuclei in the cis position.

Effect of two major N-nitroso hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) metabolites on earthworm reproductive success

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Baohong; Cox, Stephen B.; McMurry, Scott T.; Jackson, W. Andrew; Cobb, George P.; Anderson, Todd A.

2008-01-01

Soil and topical tests were employed to investigate the effect of two N-nitroso metabolites of RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) on earthworm reproduction. The lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for cocoon production and hatching was 50 mg/kg for both hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazine (TNX) in soil. MNX and TNX also significantly affected cocoon hatching in soil (p 20 values for MNX were 8.7 and 8.8 mg/kg for cocoon and juvenile production, respectively, compared to 9.2 and 9.1 mg/kg for TNX, respectively. The EC 20 values for the total number of cocoon hatchlings were 3.1 and 4.7 mg/kg for MNX and TNX, respectively, in soil and 4.5 and 3.1 mg/L in the topical test. Both MNX and TNX inhibited cocoon production and hatching, suggesting that they may have a negative affect on soil ecosystems at contaminated sites. - RDX metabolites affect earthworm cocoon production and hatching

Host-guest complex of N-(2-chloroethyl), N-nitroso, N‧, N‧ -dicyclohexylsulfamid with β-cyclodextrin: Fluorescence, QTAIM analysis and structure-chemical reactivity

Science.gov (United States)

Bensouilah, Nadjia; Fisli, Hassina; Bensouilah, Hamza; Zaater, Sihem; Abdaoui, Mohamed; Boutemeur-Kheddis, Baya

2017-10-01

In this work, the inclusion complex of DCY/CENS: N-(2-chloroethyl), N-nitroso, N‧, N‧-dicyclohexylsulfamid and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is investigated using the fluorescence spectroscopy, PM3, ONIOM2 and DFT methods. The experimental part reveals that DCY/CENS forms a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio inclusion complex with β-CD. The constant of stability is evaluated using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. The results of the theoretical optimization showed that the lipophilic fraction of molecule (cyclohexyl group) is inside of β-CD. Accordingly, the Nitroso-Chloroethyl moiety is situated outside the cavity of the macromolecule host. The favorable structure of the optimized complex indicates the existence of weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the most important van der Waals (vdW) interactions which are studied on the basis of Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis. The NBO is employed to compute the electronic donor-acceptor exchanges between drug and β-CD. Furthermore, a detailed topological charge density analysis based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), has been accomplished on the most favorable complex using B3LYP/6-31G(d) method. The presence of stabilizing intermolecular hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions in the most favorable complex is predicted. Also, the energies of these interactions are estimated with Espinosa's formula. The findings of this investigation reveal that the correlation between the structural parameters and the electronic density is good. Finally, and based on DFT calculations, the reactivity of the interesting molecule in free state was studied and compared with that in the complexed state using chemical potential, global hardness, global softness, electronegativity, electrophilicity and local reactivity descriptors.

21 CFR 524.1446 - Milbemycin oxime solution.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Milbemycin oxime solution. 524.1446 Section 524...) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS OPHTHALMIC AND TOPICAL DOSAGE FORM NEW ANIMAL DRUGS § 524.1446 Milbemycin oxime solution. (a) Specifications. Each tube contains 0.25 milliliter of a 0.1 percent solution...

t-3-Benzyl-r-2,c-6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one oxime

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Arulraj

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, C24H24N2O [systematic name: (E-3-benzyl-2,6-diphenylpiperidin-4-one oxime], the piperidine ring adopts a slightly distorted chair conformation and the phenyl rings and the benzyl group substituents are attached equatorially. The oxime group makes a dihedral angle of 42.88 (12° with the piperidine ring. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 71.96 (8°. The benzyl ring makes dihedral angles of 63.01 (8 and 59.35 (8° with the two phenyl rings. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming C(7 chains along the c axis. The chains are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming slabs lying parallel to the bc plane.

Dietary N-nitroso compounds, endogenous nitrosation, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Keszei, András P; Goldbohm, R Alexandra; Schouten, Leo J; Jakszyn, Paula; van den Brandt, Piet A

2013-01-01

Dietary N-nitroso compounds and endogenous nitrosation are important carcinogenic factors, but human evidence of their role is scarce for esophageal cancer and inconsistent for gastric cancer. We studied the relation between risks of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes and dietary intake of N-nitrosodimethylamine, heme iron, nitrite, and nitrate in the Netherlands Cohort Study. A total of 120,852 men and women aged 55-69 y were recruited in 1986, and diet, based on a 150-item food-frequency questionnaire, and other risk factors were assessed. The cohort was followed for 16.3 y, and 110 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), 151 esophageal adenocarcinoma, 166 gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, and 497 gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) cases were analyzed along with 4032 subcohort members in a case-cohort analysis. Positive associations were observed between N-nitrosodimethylamine intake and ESCC risk (HR for 0.1-μg/d increase in intake: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.25; P-trend = 0.01 based on tertiles of intake) and GNCA risk (1.06; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10; P-trend = 0.09) in men. ESCC risk was associated with nitrite intake (HR for 0.1-mg/d increase: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.36; P-trend = 0.06) and heme-iron intake (HR for 1-mg/d increase: 1.83; 95% CI: 0.98, 3.39; P-trend = 0.03). Among women, exposure levels were lower, and we found no convincing positive associations. These results suggest that N-nitroso compounds may influence the risk of ESCC in men, but there are no clear associations for other esophageal and gastric subtypes.

Stereo- and regioselectivity of the hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of nitroso derivatives with conjugated dienes.

Science.gov (United States)

Brulíková, Lucie; Harrison, Aidan; Miller, Marvin J; Hlaváč, Jan

2016-01-01

The hetero-Diels-Alder reaction between a nitroso dienophile and a conjugated diene to give the 3,6-dihydro-2 H -1,2-oxazine scaffold is useful for the synthesis of many biologically interesting molecules due to the diverse opportunities created by subsequent transformations of the resulting 1,2-oxazine ring. This review discusses the rationale for the observed regio- and stereoselectivity and the methods developed in recent years used to control and improve the stereo- and regioselectivity for the synthesis of 1,2-oxazine scaffolds.

A comparison of the neuroprotective efficacy of individual oxime (HI-6) and combinations of oximes (HI-6+trimedoxime, HI-6+K203) in soman-poisoned rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Kassa, Jiri; Karasova, Jana Zdarova; Tesarova, Sandra

2011-07-01

The ability of two combinations of oximes (HI-6+trimedoxime, HI-6+K203) to reduce soman-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was compared with the neuroprotective efficacy of the oxime HI-6 alone, using a functional observational battery. Soman-induced neurotoxicity and the neuroprotective effects of HI-6 alone and HI-6 combined with trimedoxime or K203 in rats poisoned with soman at a sublethal dose (90 μg/kg intramuscularly, i.m.; 80% of LD₅₀ value) were monitored by the functional observational battery at 24 hours following soman administration. The results indicate that both tested oxime mixtures combined with atropine were able to allow soman-poisoned rats to survive 24 hours following soman challenge, while 4 nontreated soman-poisoned rats and 1 soman-poisoned rat treated with oxime HI-6 alone combined with atropine died within 24 hours following soman poisoning. While the oxime HI-6 alone combined with atropine treatment was able to eliminate a few soman-induced neurotoxic signs and symptoms, both oxime mixtures showed higher neuroprotective efficacy in soman-poisoned rats. Especially, the combination of HI-6 with trimedoxime was able to eliminate most soman-induced neurotoxic signs and symptoms and markedly reduce acute neurotoxicity of soman in rats. Thus, both tested mixtures of oximes combined with atropine were able to increase the neuroprotective effectiveness of antidotal treatment of acute soman poisonings, compared to the individual oxime.

Less common patterns of reduction of some oximes

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Celik, H.; Ludvík, Jiří; Zuman, P.

2007-01-01

Roč. 52, č. 5 (2007), s. 1990-2000 ISSN 0013-4686 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1P05ME785 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : polarography * benzaldehyde oximes * acetophenone oximes * isomeric monoximes Subject RIV: CG - Electrochemistry Impact factor: 2.848, year: 2007

Simple, Efficient and Green Synthesis of Oximes under Ultrasound ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

NICO

Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan 65174, Iran. ... The condensation of aldehydes and ketones with hydroxylamine hydrochloride gives oximes in 81–95 ... Oximes are important in organic synthesis not only for protec-.

Can hydroxylamine be a more potent nucleophile for the reactivation of tabun-inhibited AChE than prototype oxime drugs? An answer derived from quantum chemical and steered molecular dynamics studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Lo, Rabindranath; Ganguly, Bishwajit

2014-07-29

Organophosphorus nerve agents are highly toxic compounds which strongly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the blood and in the central nervous system (CNS). Tabun is one of the highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) compounds and is resistant to many oxime drugs formulated for the reactivation of AChE. The reactivation mechanism of tabun-conjugated AChE with various drugs has been examined with density functional theory and ab initio quantum chemical calculations. The presence of a lone-pair located on the amidic group resists the nucleophilic attack at the phosphorus center of the tabun-conjugated AChE. We have shown that the newly designed drug candidate N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydroxylamine, at the MP2/6-31+G*//M05-2X/6-31G* level in the aqueous phase with the polarizable continuum solvation model (PCM), is more effective in reactivating the tabun-conjugated AChE than typical oxime drugs. The rate determining activation barrier with N-(pyridin-2-yl)hydroxylamine was found to be ∼1.7 kcal mol(-1), which is 7.2 kcal mol(-1) lower than the charged oxime trimedoxime (one of the most efficient reactivators in tabun poisonings). The greater nucleophilicity index (ω(-)) and higher CHelpG charge of pyridinylhydroxylamine compared to TMB4 support this observation. Furthermore, we have also examined the reactivation process of tabun-inhibited AChE with some other bis-quaternary oxime drug candidates such as methoxime (MMB4) and obidoxime. The docking analysis suggests that charged bis-quaternary pyridinium oximes have greater binding affinity inside the active-site gorge of AChE compared to the neutral pyridinylhydroxylamine. The peripheral ligand attached to the neutral pyridinylhydroxylamine enhanced the binding with the aromatic residues in the active-site gorge of AChE through effective π-π interactions. Steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations have also been performed with the charged oxime (TMB4) and the neutral hydroxylamine. From protein-drug interaction

Stereo- and regioselectivity of the hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of nitroso derivatives with conjugated dienes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Brulíková

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The hetero-Diels–Alder reaction between a nitroso dienophile and a conjugated diene to give the 3,6-dihydro-2H-1,2-oxazine scaffold is useful for the synthesis of many biologically interesting molecules due to the diverse opportunities created by subsequent transformations of the resulting 1,2-oxazine ring. This review discusses the rationale for the observed regio- and stereoselectivity and the methods developed in recent years used to control and improve the stereo- and regioselectivity for the synthesis of 1,2-oxazine scaffolds.

Evaluation of genotoxic activity of maleic hydrazide, ethyl methane sulfonate, and N-nitroso diethylamine in Tradescantia.

Science.gov (United States)

Alvarez-Moya, C; Santerre-Lucas, A; Zúñiga-González, G; Torres-Bugarín, O; Padilla-Camberos, E; Feria-Velasco, A

2001-01-01

To assess the genotoxic activity of N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA), maleic hydrazide (MH), and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) using two systems: the comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia, and the pink mutation test on Tradescantia staminal hairs (clone 4430). Tradescantia cups was obtained from Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and treated with: N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA) at 1, 5, 10 mM, maleic hydrazide (MH) at 1, 5, 10 mM and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) at 15, 30 and 45 mM; and used in both pink mutation assay and comet assay using cellular nuclei from Tradescantia staminal hairs. The observation of staminal hair was realized along eight days (6-14) after treatment), flowers produced day 14 after treatment were utilized done according to Underbrink. In previous reports on plants, were comet assay was used, breaking cellular wall and separating by centrifugation gradient are necessary. Here, nuclei from staminal hairs were obtained by squashing the cells (is not necessary to utilize to break special procedure cellular wall), collected using a nylon mesh of 80 Mm and next the comet assay was applied. Student's T test was the statistical test used for analyzing the comet assay data. Both assays showed a great sensitivity to the studied mutagens. A relationship between the dose-pink event and the dose-tail length was evident. Even though the Tradescantia mutation assay is a sensitive test with MH and EMS, low doses of NDEA were not able to induce a significant increase in the pink event frequencies; however, the comet assay was able to detect the mutagenic effect of NDEA at the same dose. Thus, it is clear that the comet assay is highly sensitive to the lowest dose of chemical mutagens. The comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia staminal hairs is a useful tool to monitor genotoxic agents; it is simple, highly sensitive, and faster than the pink mutation test.

A Structure-Activity Analysis of the Variation in Oxime Efficacy Against Nerve Agents

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

cyclosarin. Analysis of in vivo oxime protection was conducted with oxime protective ratios (PR) from guinea pigs receiving oxime and atropine therapy ...in our study confirmed previous assessments that oxime protection varies drama - tically against different military nerve agents (Aas, 2003; Dawson... therapy ofacutepoisonings inducedbyanti-cholinesterase neuroparalytic substances. In:Monov, A., Dishovsky, C. (Eds.), Medical Aspects of Chemical and

Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy as an experimental probe for S-nitroso proteins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Szilagyi, Robert K.; Schwab, David E.

2005-01-01

X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the sulfur K-edge (2.4-2.6 keV) provides a sensitive and specific technique to identify S-nitroso compounds, which have significance in nitric oxide-based cell signaling. Unique spectral features clearly distinguish the S-nitroso-form of a cysteine residue from the sulfhydryl-form or from a methionine thioether. Comparison of the sulfur K-edge spectra of thiolate, thiol, thioether, and S-nitroso thiolate compounds indicates high sensitivity of energy positions and intensities of XAS pre-edge features as determined by the electronic environment of the sulfur absorber. A new experimental setup is being developed for reaching the in vivo concentration range of S-nitroso thiol levels in biological samples

Adsorption equilibrium of uranium from seawater on chelating resin containing amide oxime group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hori, Takahiro; Saito, Kyoichi; Furusaki, Shintaro; Sugo, Takanobu; Okamoto, Jiro.

1987-01-01

Chelating resins containing amide oxime group were synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization. The amount of the amide oxime groups was controlled below about 0.1 mol per kg of base polymer. The adsorption equilibrium of uranium from seawater on this resin was investigated. It was suggested that two neighboring amide oxime groups on the grafted chain captured one uranyl ion, and that single amide oxime ligand had little capacity for the adsorption of uranium. The adsorption equilibrium was correlated by a Langmuir-type equation. The content of neighboring amide oxime groups was 0.406 x 10 -3 mol per kg of base polymer, which corresponded to 0.39 % of the total amount of amide oxime groups. The apparent stoichiometric stability constant for the complex of uranyl ion with the neighboring amide oxime groups in seawater was calculated to be 10 -21.7 . (author)

Urinary Excretion of N-Nitroso Compounds in Rats Fed Sodium Nitrite and/or Hot Dogs

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Nitrite-treated meat is a reported risk factor for colon cancer. Mice that ingested sodium nitrite (NaNO2) or hot dogs (a nitrite-treated product) showed increased fecal excretion of apparent N-nitroso compounds (ANC). Here, we investigated for the first time whether rats excrete increased amounts of ANC in their urine after they are fed NaNO2 and/or hot dogs. Rats were treated for 7 days with NaNO2 in drinking water or were fed hot dogs. Their 24 h urine samples were analyzed for ANC by thermal energy analysis on days 1–4 after nitrite or hot dog treatment was stopped. For two rats fed 480 mg NaNO2/L drinking water, mean urinary ANC excretion on days 1–4 was 30, 5.2, 2.5, and 0.8 nmol/day, respectively. For two to eight rats/dose given varied NaNO2 doses, mean urinary ANC output on day 1 increased from 0.9 (for no nitrite) to 37 (for 1000 mg NaNO2/L drinking water) nmol ANC/day. Urine samples of four rats fed 40–60% hot dogs contained 12–13 nmol ANC on day 1. Linear regression analysis showed highly significant correlations between urinary ANC excretion on day 1 after stopping treatment and varied (a) NaNO2 level in drinking water for rats fed semipurified or commercials diet and (b) hot dog levels in the diet. Some correlations remained significant up to 4 days after nitrite treatment was stopped. Urinary output of ANC precursors (compounds that yield ANC after mild nitrosation) for rats fed semipurified or commercial diet was 11–17 or 23–48 μmol/day, respectively. Nitrosothiols and iron nitrosyls were not detected in urinary ANC and ANCP. Excretion of urinary ANC was about 60% of fecal ANC excretion for 1 to 2 days after NaNO2 was fed. Administered NaNO2 was not excreted unchanged in rat urine. We conclude that urinary ANC excretion in humans could usefully be surveyed to indicate exposure to N-nitroso compounds. PMID:25183213

Development of new Czech autoinjector with oxime HI-6 DMS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuca, K; Jun, D.; Kassa, J.; Marek, J.; Stodulka, P.; Musilek, K.; Dolezal, D.; Povraznik, J.

2009-01-01

Oxime HI-6 (1-(2-(hydroxyiminomethyl)pyridinium) -3-(4-carbamoylpyridinium)-2-oxapropane) is considered to be currently the most universal oxime for the potential use as antidote against nerve agents (sarin, cyclosarin, VX, etc.). None of other commercially available oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, trimedoxime, MMB4) has broader antidotal effect. Due to this, development of the appropriate salt of this oxime together with its application form (eg. autoinjector) was the main aim of our departments and several private Czech companies (VAKOS XT as., Decomkov Praha sro., ChemProtect as.). In our contribution, we would like to summarize all the steps which were already done. We would like to thank to the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic for the Project No. FIIM2/104.(author)

A comparison of the reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of two novel bispyridinium oximes (K727, K733) with the oxime HI-6 and obidoxime in sarin-poisoned rats and mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Kassa, Jiri; Sepsova, Vendula; Matouskova, Lenka; Horova, Anna; Musilek, Kamil

2015-03-01

The ability of two novel bispyridinium oximes K727 and K733 and currently available oximes (HI-6, obidoxime) to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase and to reduce acute toxicity of sarin was evaluated. To investigate the reactivating efficacy of the oximes, the rats were administered intramuscularly with atropine and oximes in equitoxic doses corresponding to 5% of their LD50 values at 1 min after the intramuscular administration of sarin at a dose of 24 µg/kg (LD50). The activity of acetylcholinesterase was measured at 60 min after sarin poisoning. The LD50 value of sarin in non-treated and treated mice was assessed using probit-logarithmical analysis of death occurring within 24 h after intramuscular administration of sarin at five different doses. In vivo determined percentage of reactivation of sarin-inhibited rat blood, diaphragm and brain acetylcholinesterase showed that the potency of both novel oximes K727 and K733 to reactivate sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase roughly corresponds to the reactivating efficacy of obidoxime. On the other hand, the oxime HI-6 was found to be the most efficient reactivator of sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. While the oxime HI-6 was able to reduce the acute toxicity of sarin >3 times, both novel oximes and obidoxime decreased the acute toxicity of sarin HI-6 and, therefore, they are not suitable for the replacement of the oxime HI-6 for the antidotal treatment of acute sarin poisoning.

Evaluation of genotoxic activity of maleic hydrazide, ethyl methane sulfonate, and N-nitroso diethylamine in Tradescantia Evaluación de la genotoxicidad de hidrazida málica, N-nitroso dietilamina, y etil metano sulfonato, en núcleos de Tradescantia, por medio de la prueba del cometa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Alvarez-Moya

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Objective. To assess the genotoxic activity of N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA, maleic hydrazide (MH, and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS using two systems: the comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia, and the pink mutation test on Tradescantia staminal hairs (clone 4430. Material and Methods. Tradescantia cups was obtained from Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and treated with: N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA at 1, 5, 10 mM, maleic hidrazide (MH at 1, 5, 10 mM and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS at 15, 30 and 45 mM; and used in both pink mutation assay and comet assay using cellular nuclei from Tradescantia staminal hairs. The observation of staminal hair was realized along eight days (6-14 after treatment, flowers produced day 14 after treatment were utilized done according to Underbrink. In previous reports on plants, were comet assay was used, breaking cellular wall and separating by centrifugation gradient are necessary. Here, nuclei from staminal hairs were obtained by squashing the cells (is not necessary to utilize to break special procedure cellular wall, collected using a nylon mesh of 80Mm and next the comet assay was applied. Student's T test was the statistical test used for analyzing the comet assay data. Results. Both assays showed a great sensitivity to the studied mutagens. A relationship between the dose-pink event and the dose-tail length was evident. Even though the Tradescantia mutation assay is a sensitive test with MH and EMS, low doses of NDEA were not able to induce a significant increase in the pink event frequencies; however, the comet assay was able to detect the mutagenic effect of NDEA at the same dose. Thus, it is clear that the comet assay is highly sensitive to the lowest dose of chemical mutagens. Conclusions. The comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia staminal hairs is a useful tool to monitor genotoxic agents; it is simple

2-Hydro-4-n-But oxypropiophenone Oxime as a spectrophotometric reagent for Fe (III)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Purohit, K.; Desai, K.K.

2006-01-01

2-Hydro-4-n-But oxypropiophenone Oxime [Hipbone] has been synthesized and used for the spectrophotometric determination of Fe (III). The reagent gives purple coloured complex with Fe (III) in 50% alcoholic medium in pH range of 2.5-4.5. Beer's law is obeyed up to 23.1 ppm of Fe (III). Molar absorptivity and sandell's sensitivity at 500 nm of complex were found to be 7.062x 10 power2 lit.mol.cm and 0.079 ug of Fe (III)/cm respectively. Composition and stability constant have been determined. The reagent is successfully used for determination of Fe (III) in dolomite and in pharmaceutical sample. It is also used for the indirect determination of fluoride in tap water sample. (author)

Transnitrosation of alicyclic N-nitrosamines containing a sulfur atom.

Science.gov (United States)

Inami, Keiko; Kondo, Sonoe; Ono, Yuta; Saso, Chiharu; Mochizuki, Masataka

2013-12-15

Aromatic and aliphatic nitrosamines are known to transfer a nitrosonium ion to another amine. The transnitrosation of alicyclic N-nitroso compounds generates S-nitrosothiols, which are potential nitric oxide donors in vivo. In this study, certain alicyclic N-nitroso compounds based on non-mutagenic N-nitrosoproline or N-nitrosothioproline were synthesised, and the formation of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was quantified under acidic conditions. We then investigated the effect of a sulfur atom as the substituent and as a ring component on the GSNO formation. In the presence of thiourea under acidic conditions, GSNO was formed from N-nitrosoproline and glutathione, and an N-nitroso compound containing a sulfur atom and glutathione produced GSNO without thiourea. The quantity of GSNO derived from the reaction of the N-nitrosamines containing a sulfur atom and glutathione was higher than that from the N-nitrosoproline and glutathione plus thiourea. Among the analogues that contained a sulfur atom either in the ring or as a substituent, the thiazolidines produced a slightly higher quantity of GSNO than the analogue with a thioamide group. A compound containing sulfur atoms both in the ring and as a substituent exhibited the highest activity for GSNO formation among the alicyclic N-nitrosamines tested. The results indicate that the intramolecular sulfur atom plays an important role in the transnitrosation via alicyclic N-nitroso compounds to form GSNO. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reaction of Non-Symmetric Schiff Base Metallo-Ligand Complexes Possessing an Oxime Function with Ln Ions

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Jean-Pierre Costes

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The preparation of non-symmetric Schiff base ligands possessing one oxime function that is associated to a second function such as pyrrole or phenol function is first described. These ligands, which possess inner N4 or N3O coordination sites, allow formation of cationic or neutral non-symmetric CuII or NiII metallo-ligand complexes under their mono- or di-deprotonated forms. In presence of Lanthanide ions the neutral complexes do not coordinate to the LnIII ions, the oxygen atom of the oxime function being only hydrogen-bonded to a water molecule that is linked to the LnIII ion. This surprising behavior allows for the isolation of LnIII ions by non-interacting metal complexes. Reaction of cationic NiII complexes possessing a protonated oxime function with LnIII ions leads to the formation of original and dianionic (Gd(NO352− entities that are well separated from each other. This work highlights the preparation of well isolated mononuclear LnIII entities into a matrix of diamagnetic metal complexes. These new complexes complete our previous work dealing with the complexing ability of the oxime function toward Lanthanide ions. It could open the way to the synthesis of new entities with interesting properties, such as single-ion magnets for example.

Binding of reactive organophosphate by oximes via hydrogen bond

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

In this contribution, the ability of simple oximes to bind a well-known nerve agent simulant (dimethylmethylphosphonate, DMMP) via hydrogen bond is reported. UV/Vis measurements indicate the formation of 1:1 complexes. 1H-, 31P-NMR titrations and T-ROESY experiments confirm that oximes bind the organophosphate ...

Eco-friendly synthesis, physicochemical studies, biological assay and molecular docking of steroidal oxime-ethers

Science.gov (United States)

Alam, Mahboob; Lee, Dong-Ung

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to report the synthesis of biologically active compounds; 7-(2′-aminoethoxyimino)-cholest-5-ene (4), a steroidal oxime-ether and its derivatives (5, 6) via a facile microwave assisted solvent free reaction methodology. This new synthetic, eco-friendly, sustainable protocol resulted in a remarkable improvement in the synthetic efficiency (85-93 % yield) and high purity using basic alumina. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial against six bacterial strains by disc diffusion method and antioxidant potential by DPPH assay. The binding capabilities of a compound 6 exhibiting good antibacterial potential were assessed on the basis of molecular docking studies and four types of three-dimensional molecular field descriptors. Moreover the structure-antimicrobial activity relationships were studied using some physicochemical and quantum-chemical parameters with GAMESS interface as well as WebMO Job Manager by using the basic level of theory. Hence, this synthetic approach is believed to provide a better scope for the synthesis of steroidal oxime-ether analogues and will be a more practical alternative to the presently existing procedures. Moreover, detailed in silico docking studies suggested the plausible mechanism of steroidal oxime-ethers as effective antimicrobial agents. PMID:27330525

Evaluation of genotoxic activity of maleic hydrazide, ethyl methane sulfonate, and N-nitroso diethylamine in Tradescantia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alvarez-Moya Carlos

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. To assess the genotoxic activity of N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA, maleic hydrazide (MH, and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS using two systems: the comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia, and the pink mutation test on Tradescantia staminal hairs (clone 4430. Material and Methods. Tradescantia cups was obtained from Laboratorio de Citogenética y Mutagénesis del Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and treated with: N-nitroso diethylamine (NDEA at 1, 5, 10 mM, maleic hidrazide (MH at 1, 5, 10 mM and ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS at 15, 30 and 45 mM; and used in both pink mutation assay and comet assay using cellular nuclei from Tradescantia staminal hairs. The observation of staminal hair was realized along eight days (6-14 after treatment, flowers produced day 14 after treatment were utilized done according to Underbrink. In previous reports on plants, were comet assay was used, breaking cellular wall and separating by centrifugation gradient are necessary. Here, nuclei from staminal hairs were obtained by squashing the cells (is not necessary to utilize to break special procedure cellular wall, collected using a nylon mesh of 80Mm and next the comet assay was applied. Student's T test was the statistical test used for analyzing the comet assay data. Results. Both assays showed a great sensitivity to the studied mutagens. A relationship between the dose-pink event and the dose-tail length was evident. Even though the Tradescantia mutation assay is a sensitive test with MH and EMS, low doses of NDEA were not able to induce a significant increase in the pink event frequencies; however, the comet assay was able to detect the mutagenic effect of NDEA at the same dose. Thus, it is clear that the comet assay is highly sensitive to the lowest dose of chemical mutagens. Conclusions. The comet assay on nuclei from Tradescantia staminal hairs is a useful tool to monitor genotoxic agents; it is simple

Indirubin-3-Oxime Prevents H2O2-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis via Concurrently Inhibiting GSK3β and the ERK Pathway.

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Jie; Zheng, Jiacheng; Lin, Jiajia; Jin, Linlu; Yu, Rui; Mak, Shinghung; Hu, Shengquan; Sun, Hongya; Wu, Xiang; Zhang, Zaijun; Lee, Mingyuen; Tsim, Wahkeung; Su, Wei; Zhou, Wenhua; Cui, Wei; Han, Yifan; Wang, Qinwen

2017-05-01

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays an important role in many neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we have shown that indirubin-3-oxime, a derivative of indirubin originally designed for leukemia therapy, could prevent hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced apoptosis in both SH-SY5Y cells and primary cerebellar granule neurons. H 2 O 2 exposure led to the increased activities of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in SH-SY5Y cells. Indirubin-3-oxime treatment significantly reversed the altered activity of both the PI3-K/Akt/GSK3β cascade and the ERK pathway induced by H 2 O 2 . In addition, both GSK3β and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors significantly prevented H 2 O 2 -induced neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, specific inhibitors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) abolished the neuroprotective effects of indirubin-3-oxime against H 2 O 2 -induced neuronal apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that indirubin-3-oxime prevents H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis via concurrent inhibiting GSK3β and the ERK pathway in SH-SY5Y cells, providing support for the use of indirubin-3-oxime to treat neurodegenerative disorders caused or exacerbated by oxidative stress.

Nitrite and nitroso compounds can serve as specific catalase inhibitors.

Science.gov (United States)

Titov, Vladimir Yu; Osipov, Anatoly N

2017-03-01

We present evidence that nitrite and nitrosothiols, nitrosoamines and non-heme dinitrosyl iron complexes can reversibly inhibit catalase with equal effectiveness. Catalase activity was evaluated by the permanganatometric and calorimetric assays. This inhibition is not the result of chemical transformations of these compounds to a single inhibitor, as well as it is not the result of NO release from these substances (as NO traps have no effect on the extent of inhibition). It was found that chloride and bromide in concentration above 80 mM and thiocyanate in concentration above 20 μM enhance catalase inhibition by nitrite and the nitroso compounds more than 100 times. The inhibition degree in this case is comparable with that induced by azide. We propose that the direct catalase inhibitor is a positively charged NO-group. This group acquires a positive charge in the active center of enzyme by interaction of nitrite or nitroso compounds with some enzyme groups. Halides and thiocyanate protect the NO + group from hydration and thus increase its inhibition effect. It is probable that a comparatively low chloride concentration in many cells is the main factor to protect catalase from inhibition by nitrite and nitroso compounds.

A comprehensive evaluation of novel oximes in creation of butyrylcholinesterase-based nerve agent bioscavengers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Katalinić, Maja; Maček Hrvat, Nikolina [Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia); Baumann, Krešimir; Morasi Piperčić, Sara; Makarić, Sandro; Tomić, Srđanka; Jović, Ozren; Hrenar, Tomica [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia); Miličević, Ante [Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia); Jelić, Dubravko [Fidelta Ltd., HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia); Žunec, Suzana [Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia); Primožič, Ines, E-mail: ines.primozic@chem.pmf.hr [Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia); Kovarik, Zrinka, E-mail: zkovarik@imi.hr [Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, POB 291, HR-10001 Zagreb (Croatia)

2016-11-01

A well-considered treatment of acute nerve agents poisoning involves the exogenous administration of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8) as a stoichiometric bioscavenger efficient in preventing cholinergic crises caused by acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) inhibition. An additional improvement in medical countermeasures would be to use oximes that could reactivate BChE as well to upgrade bioscavenging from stoichiometric to oxime-assisted catalytic. Therefore, in this paper we investigated the potency of 39 imidazolium and benzimidazolium oximes (36 compounds synthesized for the first time) to be considered as the reactivators specifically designed for reactivation of phosphylated human BChE. Their efficiency in the reactivation of paraoxon-, VX-, and tabun-inhibited human BChE, as well as human AChE was tested and compared with the efficiencies of HI-6 and obidoxime, used in medical practice today. A comprehensive analysis was performed for the most promising oximes defining kinetic parameters of reactivation as well as interactions with uninhibited BChE. Furthermore, experimental data were compared with computational studies (docking, QSAR analysis) as a starting point in future oxime structure refinement. Considering the strict criteria set for in vivo applications, we determined the cytotoxicity of lead oximes on two cell lines. Among the tested oxime library, one imidazolium compound was selected for preliminary in vivo antidotal study in mice. The obtained protection in VX poisoning outlines its potential in development oxime-assisted OP-bioscavenging with BChE. - Highlights: • 36 new imidazolium and benzimidazolium oximes were designed and synthesized. • In vitro reactivation kinetics of phosphylated butyrylcholinesterase was studded. • The modes of actions were elucidated by QSAR and docking simulations. • Protection in VX poisoning was 6.3 × LD{sub 50} in in vivo antidotal study in mice. • Imidazolium oxime-assisted catalysis is

A comprehensive evaluation of novel oximes in creation of butyrylcholinesterase-based nerve agent bioscavengers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Katalinić, Maja; Maček Hrvat, Nikolina; Baumann, Krešimir; Morasi Piperčić, Sara; Makarić, Sandro; Tomić, Srđanka; Jović, Ozren; Hrenar, Tomica; Miličević, Ante; Jelić, Dubravko; Žunec, Suzana; Primožič, Ines; Kovarik, Zrinka

2016-01-01

A well-considered treatment of acute nerve agents poisoning involves the exogenous administration of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8) as a stoichiometric bioscavenger efficient in preventing cholinergic crises caused by acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) inhibition. An additional improvement in medical countermeasures would be to use oximes that could reactivate BChE as well to upgrade bioscavenging from stoichiometric to oxime-assisted catalytic. Therefore, in this paper we investigated the potency of 39 imidazolium and benzimidazolium oximes (36 compounds synthesized for the first time) to be considered as the reactivators specifically designed for reactivation of phosphylated human BChE. Their efficiency in the reactivation of paraoxon-, VX-, and tabun-inhibited human BChE, as well as human AChE was tested and compared with the efficiencies of HI-6 and obidoxime, used in medical practice today. A comprehensive analysis was performed for the most promising oximes defining kinetic parameters of reactivation as well as interactions with uninhibited BChE. Furthermore, experimental data were compared with computational studies (docking, QSAR analysis) as a starting point in future oxime structure refinement. Considering the strict criteria set for in vivo applications, we determined the cytotoxicity of lead oximes on two cell lines. Among the tested oxime library, one imidazolium compound was selected for preliminary in vivo antidotal study in mice. The obtained protection in VX poisoning outlines its potential in development oxime-assisted OP-bioscavenging with BChE. - Highlights: • 36 new imidazolium and benzimidazolium oximes were designed and synthesized. • In vitro reactivation kinetics of phosphylated butyrylcholinesterase was studded. • The modes of actions were elucidated by QSAR and docking simulations. • Protection in VX poisoning was 6.3 × LD 50 in in vivo antidotal study in mice. • Imidazolium oxime-assisted catalysis is feasible

A Development of Rapid, Practical and Selective Process for Preparation of Z-Oximes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Bo Ram; Sung, Gi Hyeon; Yoon, Yongjin; Kim, Jeumjong

2013-01-01

hydrochloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in refluxing 1,4-dioxane to afford the corresponding ketoxime 2a in excellent yield. Acetophenone oxime (2a) was also obtained by the use of ethanol or methanol as the solvent at room temperature or at reflux temperature in excellent yields (Entries 9-12 in Table 1), whereas the side reaction was detected for the reaction of 1a with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in refluxing water. According to our preliminary results, we selected the methanol as the solvent due to short reaction time and low price. As shown in Table 2, aliphatic and aromatic ketones except for benzophenone (1f) were rapidly and selectively converted to the corresponding Z-oximes in good yields. Also, various types of aromatic aldehydes 1g. with electron donating and withdrawing groups were rapidly and selectively converted to the corresponding Zaldoximes in good to excellent yields. In our condition, the oximation of aldehydes is more Z-selective than the oximation of ketones. In order to evaluate the utility of industrial process, we examined the one mole scale reaction. Treatment of one mole acetophenone (1a) and benzaldehyde (1g) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and potassium carbonate in methanol afforded the corresponding oximes 2a (E/Z ratio = 15:85, 92%) and 2g (E/Z ratio = 10:90, 92%). The structures of the oximes were established by IR and NMR. In the case of ketoximes, we distinguished two isomers by using the carbon chemical shifts of C=NOH, that is, the chemical shifts of the Z-isomer are detected higher field than the chemical shifts of the E-isomer. In the case of aldoximes, E/Z-isomers were distinguished by using the proton chemical shifts of HC=N for aldoximes, that is, the proton chemical shifts of the Z-isomer are detected lower field than the chemical shifts of the E-isomer. In summury, we have demonstrated the rapid and convenient oximation of ketones and aldehydes with potassium carbonate in methanol

A Development of Rapid, Practical and Selective Process for Preparation of Z-Oximes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Bo Ram; Sung, Gi Hyeon; Yoon, Yongjin [Gyeongsang National Univ., Jinju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jeumjong [Electronic and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2013-04-15

Table 1, compound 1a was treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in refluxing 1,4-dioxane to afford the corresponding ketoxime 2a in excellent yield. Acetophenone oxime (2a) was also obtained by the use of ethanol or methanol as the solvent at room temperature or at reflux temperature in excellent yields (Entries 9-12 in Table 1), whereas the side reaction was detected for the reaction of 1a with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of potassium carbonate in refluxing water. According to our preliminary results, we selected the methanol as the solvent due to short reaction time and low price. As shown in Table 2, aliphatic and aromatic ketones except for benzophenone (1f) were rapidly and selectively converted to the corresponding Z-oximes in good yields. Also, various types of aromatic aldehydes 1g. with electron donating and withdrawing groups were rapidly and selectively converted to the corresponding Zaldoximes in good to excellent yields. In our condition, the oximation of aldehydes is more Z-selective than the oximation of ketones. In order to evaluate the utility of industrial process, we examined the one mole scale reaction. Treatment of one mole acetophenone (1a) and benzaldehyde (1g) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and potassium carbonate in methanol afforded the corresponding oximes 2a (E/Z ratio = 15:85, 92%) and 2g (E/Z ratio = 10:90, 92%). The structures of the oximes were established by IR and NMR. In the case of ketoximes, we distinguished two isomers by using the carbon chemical shifts of C=NOH, that is, the chemical shifts of the Z-isomer are detected higher field than the chemical shifts of the E-isomer. In the case of aldoximes, E/Z-isomers were distinguished by using the proton chemical shifts of HC=N for aldoximes, that is, the proton chemical shifts of the Z-isomer are detected lower field than the chemical shifts of the E-isomer. In summury, we have demonstrated the rapid and convenient oximation of

Studies on the polymerization of acrolein oxime, 6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Masuda, Seizo; Tamai, Harumi; Ota, Tadatoshi; Torii, Munetomo; Tanaka, Masami.

1979-01-01

Radiation-induced polymerization and copolymerization of acrolein oxime are investigated in different solvents and at a wide range of temperature for obtaining information on the reaction mechanism. Acrolein oxime is polymerized ionically, irrespective of dryness of the sample. Arrhenius plots for the polymerization rate, which do not yield a linear relation, can be adequately approximated by two straight lines. An anionic mechanism is operative above the room temperature, while a cationic mechanism predominates below -23 0 C. The reaction in the intermediate temperature range proceeds by a competitive mechanism, and the rate of the anionic and cationic polymerizations becomes equal at the temperature near -5 0 C. The reaction rate is proportional to the square root of dose rate at room temperature and -23 0 C. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that the polymerization of acrolein oxime by γ-irradiation proceeds by free-ionic mechanisms. (author)

Evaluation of oxime efficacy in nerve agent poisoning: Development of a kinetic-based dynamic model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Worek, Franz; Szinicz, Ladislaus; Eyer, Peter; Thiermann, Horst

2005-01-01

The widespread use of organophosphorus compounds (OP) as pesticides and the repeated misuse of highly toxic OP as chemical warfare agents (nerve agents) emphasize the necessity for the development of effective medical countermeasures. Standard treatment with atropine and the established acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators, obidoxime and pralidoxime, is considered to be ineffective with certain nerve agents due to low oxime effectiveness. From obvious ethical reasons only animal experiments can be used to evaluate new oximes as nerve agent antidotes. However, the extrapolation of data from animal to humans is hampered by marked species differences. Since reactivation of OP-inhibited AChE is considered to be the main mechanism of action of oximes, human erythrocyte AChE can be exploited to test the efficacy of new oximes. By combining enzyme kinetics (inhibition, reactivation, aging) with OP toxicokinetics and oxime pharmacokinetics a dynamic in vitro model was developed which allows the calculation of AChE activities at different scenarios. This model was validated with data from pesticide-poisoned patients and simulations were performed for intravenous and percutaneous nerve agent exposure and intramuscular oxime treatment using published data. The model presented may serve as a tool for defining effective oxime concentrations and for optimizing oxime treatment. In addition, this model can be useful for the development of meaningful therapeutic animal models

Dose response toxic effects of different oximes in vivo: pathohystological evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jacevic, V.

2009-01-01

The acute toxicity of oximes is crucial for the assessment of a dose applied as a treatment for organophosphorus intoxications. This is why we decided to investigate which morphological lesions could be produced in Wistar rats after treatment with increasing doses of HI-6, Obidoxime, K027, K048, and K075. In the first part of this study, tested oximes were preliminarily tested in order to obtain their LD50 values. Survival rates were monitored 24 hours after application of each oxime. In separate experiment animals were sacrificed 7 days after single im application of 0.1 LD50 and 0.5 LD50 of each oxime, and hearts, diaphragms and musculus popliteus were obtained for pathohistological analysis. Tissue damage score (TDS) was based on an estimation scale from 0 (no damage) to 5 (strong damage, massive necrotic fields). In rats treated with of 0.1 LD50 of HI-6 and K027 microscopic findings were similar to those evaluated in the control groups, only. More intensive alterations, but still mild and reversible degenerative and vascular changes, were established in tissue samples after treatment with 0.1 LD50 of Obidoxime, K048 and K075, but their values were also similar to the control group. Acute lesions were developed in tissue samples within 7 days following treatment with 0.5 LD50 of all oximes. The most severe tissue alterations were found in rats treated with 0.5 LD50 of K048 and K075 (p < 0.001 vs. control and HI-6). These observations of the earliest tissues events are helping to guide of applications of novel development oximes.(author)

Recent advances in evaluation of oxime efficacy in nerve agent poisoning by in vitro analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Worek, F.; Eyer, P.; Aurbek, N.; Szinicz, L.; Thiermann, H.

2007-01-01

The availability of highly toxic organophosphorus (OP) warfare agents (nerve agents) underlines the necessity for an effective medical treatment. Acute OP toxicity is primarily caused by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Reactivators (oximes) of inhibited AChE are a mainstay of treatment, however, the commercially available compounds, obidoxime and pralidoxime, are considered to be rather ineffective against various nerve agents, e.g. soman and cyclosarin. This led to the synthesis and investigation of numerous oximes in the past decades. Reactivation of OP-inhibited AChE is considered to be the most important reaction of oximes. Clinical data from studies with pesticide-poisoned patients support the assumption that the various reactions between AChE, OP and oxime, i.e. inhibition, reactivation and aging, can be investigated in vitro with human AChE. In contrast to animal experiments such in vitro studies with human tissue enable the evaluation of oxime efficacy without being affected by species differences. In the past few years numerous in vitro studies were performed by different groups with a large number of oximes and methods were developed for extrapolating in vitro data to different scenarios of human nerve agent poisoning. The present status in the evaluation of new oximes as antidotes against nerve agent poisoning will be discussed

Oxime Ethers of (E)-11-Isonitrosostrychnine as Highly Potent Glycine Receptor Antagonists

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mohsen, Amal M Y; Mandour, Yasmine M; Sarukhanyan, Edita

2016-01-01

of the crystal structure of the α3 glycine receptor indicated the same orientation of the strychnine core for all analogues. For the most potent oxime ethers, the ether substituent was accommodated in a lipophilic receptor binding pocket. The findings identify the oxime hydroxy group as a suitable attachment...

Comparison of oxime reactivation and aging of nerve agent-inhibited monkey and human acetylcholinesterases.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Chunyuan; Tong, Min; Maxwell, Donald M; Saxena, Ashima

2008-09-25

Non-human primates are valuable animal models that are used for the evaluation of nerve agent toxicity as well as antidotes and results from animal experiments are extrapolated to humans. It has been demonstrated that the efficacy of an oxime primarily depends on its ability to reactivate nerve agent-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). If the in vitro oxime reactivation of nerve agent-inhibited animal AChE is similar to that of human AChE, it is likely that the results of an in vivo animal study will reliably extrapolate to humans. Therefore, the goal of this study was to compare the aging and reactivation of human and different monkey (Rhesus, Cynomolgus, and African Green) AChEs inhibited by GF, GD, and VR. The oximes examined include the traditional oxime 2-PAM, two H-oximes HI-6 and HLo-7, and the new candidate oxime MMB4. Results indicate that oxime reactivation of all three monkey AChEs was very similar to human AChE. The maximum difference in the second-order reactivation rate constant between human and three monkey AChEs or between AChEs from different monkey species was 5-fold. Aging rate constants of GF-, GD-, and VR-inhibited monkey AChEs were very similar to human AChE except for GF-inhibited monkey AChEs, which aged 2-3 times faster than the human enzyme. The results of this study suggest that all three monkey species are suitable animal models for nerve agent antidote evaluation since monkey AChEs possess similar biochemical/pharmacological properties to human AChE.

The performance of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol chelating pigment in paint ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The performance of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol chelating pigment in paint formulation with gum Arabic and polyvinyl acetate as binders, Paper I: UV- visible spectroscopy, viscosity and breaking stress of the paints.

Efficient Construction of Energetic Materials via Nonmetallic Catalytic Carbon-Carbon Cleavage/Oxime-Release-Coupling Reactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Gang; He, Chunlin; Yin, Ping; Imler, Gregory H; Parrish, Damon A; Shreeve, Jean'ne M

2018-03-14

The exploitation of C-C activation to facilitate chemical reactions is well-known in organic chemistry. Traditional strategies in homogeneous media rely upon catalyst-activated or metal-mediated C-C bonds leading to the design of new processes for applications in organic chemistry. However, activation of a C-C bond, compared with C-H bond activation, is a more challenging process and an underdeveloped area because thermodynamics does not favor insertion into a C-C bond in solution. Carbon-carbon bond cleavage through loss of an oxime moiety has not been reported. In this paper, a new observation of self-coupling via C-C bond cleavage with concomitant loss of oxime in the absence of metals (either metal-complex mediation or catalysis) results in dihydroxylammonium 5,5-bistetrazole-1,10-diolate (TKX-50) as well as N, N'-([3,3'-bi(1,2,4-oxadiazole)]-5,5'-diyl)dinitramine, a potential candidate for a new generation of energetic materials.

Gas-phase reactions of glycine, alanine, valine and their N-methyl derivatives with the nitrosonium ion, NO+.

Science.gov (United States)

Freitas, M A; O'Hair, R A; Schmidt, J A; Tichy, S E; Plashko, B E; Williams, T D

1996-10-01

The gas-phase reactions of the nitrosonium ion, NO+ with the amino acids glycine, alanine and valine and their N-methyl derivatives were investigated under chemical ionization mass spectrometric (CIMS) conditions. Two products were observed in all cases: the formation of the iminium ion and the formation of an [M-H]+ ion. The latter product is consistent with a reaction channel involving hydride abstraction by NO+, and was confirmed by (i) examining the Ar+CI mass spectra of the same amino acids under similar source conditions and (ii) examining the unimolecular fragmentation reactions of the [M + H]+ ions of the N-nitroso-N-methyl derivatives of each of the amino acids in a tandem mass spectrometer. Further insights into the reaction of glycine with NO+ were obtained by performing ab initio calculations (at the MP2/6-31G* parallel HF/6-31G* level). These results indicate that four reactions are thermodynamically viable for glycine: (i) hydride abstraction; (ii) iminium ion formation (with concomitant loss of HONO and CO); (iii) diazonium ion formation; and (iv) diazonium ion formation followed by loss of N2. Possible reasons why reactions (iii) and (iv) are not observed are discussed, and comparisons with solution reactivity and the gas-phase reactivity of NO+ are also made.

Fast and low-temperature sintering of silver complex using oximes as a potential reducing agent for solution-processible, highly conductive electrodes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoo, Ji Hoon; Park, Su Bin; Kim, Ji Man; Han, Dae Sang; Chae, Jangwoo; Kwak, Jeonghun

2014-01-01

Highly conductive, solution-processed silver thin-films were obtained at a low sintering temperature of 100 °C in a short sintering time of 10 min by introducing oximes as a potential reductant for silver complex. The thermal properties and reducibility of three kinds of oximes, acetone oxime, 2-butanone oxime, and one dimethylglyoxime, were investigated as a reducing agent, and we found that the thermal decomposition product of oximes (ketones) accelerated the conversion of silver complex into highly conductive silver at low sintering temperature in a short time. Using the acetone oxime, the silver thin-film exhibited the lowest surface resistance (0.91 Ω sq −1 ) compared to those sing other oximes. The silver thin-film also showed a high reflectance of 97.8%, which is comparable to evaporated silver films. We also demonstrated inkjet printed silver patterns with the oxime-added silver complex inks. (paper)

Nitrolysis of the CN Single Bond and Related Chemistry of Nitro and Nitroso Groups.

Science.gov (United States)

1988-03-01

oxime of be 4,5-diphenyl-l-triphenylmethoxy-l,23- triazole (11). It was benzoyl cyanide (Scheme 6), for which radical intermediates hydrolysed by...S-Pnitroxide (a radical scavenger) or benzoyl peroxide (a radical *PhC CCN)- NO2 Ag PhCON--CPh suc)I I source). A partial extension of the overall...two anomethylenenitronate anion. (Attempts to prepare the pathways for fragmentation of the ester (3) (C,.H,0 N.O,): one ketenimine (15) by a

Refinement of Structural Leads for Centrally Acting Oxime Reactivators of Phosphylated Cholinesterases*

Science.gov (United States)

Radić, Zoran; Sit, Rakesh K.; Kovarik, Zrinka; Berend, Suzana; Garcia, Edzna; Zhang, Limin; Amitai, Gabriel; Green, Carol; Radić, Božica; Fokin, Valery V.; Sharpless, K. Barry; Taylor, Palmer

2012-01-01

We present a systematic structural optimization of uncharged but ionizable N-substituted 2-hydroxyiminoacetamido alkylamine reactivators of phosphylated human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) intended to catalyze the hydrolysis of organophosphate (OP)-inhibited hAChE in the CNS. Starting with the initial lead oxime RS41A identified in our earlier study and extending to the azepine analog RS194B, reactivation rates for OP-hAChE conjugates formed by sarin, cyclosarin, VX, paraoxon, and tabun are enhanced severalfold in vitro. To analyze the mechanism of intrinsic reactivation of the OP-AChE conjugate and penetration of the blood-brain barrier, the pH dependence of the oxime and amine ionizing groups of the compounds and their nucleophilic potential were examined by UV-visible spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and oximolysis rates for acetylthiocholine and phosphoester hydrolysis. Oximolysis rates were compared in solution and on AChE conjugates and analyzed in terms of the ionization states for reactivation of the OP-conjugated AChE. In addition, toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies in mice show significantly improved CNS penetration and retention for RS194B when compared with RS41A. The enhanced intrinsic reactivity against the OP-AChE target combined with favorable pharmacokinetic properties resulted in great improvement of antidotal properties of RS194B compared with RS41A and the standard peripherally active oxime, 2-pyridinealdoxime methiodide. Improvement was particularly noticeable when pretreatment of mice with RS194B before OP exposure was combined with RS194B reactivation therapy after the OP insult. PMID:22343626

76 FR 12563 - Oral Dosage Form New Animal Drugs; Spinosad and Milbemycin Oxime

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-08

... spinosad and milbemycin oxime in dogs for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations and for the... and milbemycin oxime) Chewable Tablets in dogs for the treatment and prevention of flea infestations... Friday. Under section 512(c)(2)(F)(ii) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 360b(c)(2...

Preparation and surface active properties of oxypropylated diol monoesters of fatty acids with an amide oxime terminal group

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eissa, A. M.F.

1994-10-01

Full Text Available Locally produced non-edible oil, namely, rice bran oil (R.B.O. was utilized as starting materials for preparing new nonionic surfactant. Oxypropylated diol monoesters of linoleic and rice bran oil fatty acids were prepared. Also amide oxime derivatives were obtained. Surface active properties of these compounds were measured. Under neutral condition amide eximes served as nonionic surfactants and their properties were similar to other oxypropylated monoesters.

Se ha utilizado un aceite no comestible de producción local, denominado, aceite de salvado de arroz (R.B.O. como materia prima para la preparación de nuevos tensioactivos no iónicos. Se prepararon diol monoésteres oxipropilados de ácido linoleico y ácidos grasos de aceite de salvado de arroz. También se obtuvieron los derivados de amido oxima. Se midieron las propiedades de tensión superficial de estos compuestos. Bajo condiciones neutras las amido eximas sirvieron como tensioactivos no iónicos y sus propiedades fueron similares a los de otros monoésteres oxipropilados.

Aromatic C-Nitroso Compounds and Their Dimers: A Model for Probing the Reaction Mechanisms in Crystalline Molecular Solids

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Biljan

2017-12-01

Full Text Available This review is focused on the dimerization and dissociation of aromatic C-nitroso compounds and their dimers, the reactions that could be used as a convenient model for studying the thermal organic solid-state reaction mechanisms. This molecular model is simple because it includes formation or breaking of only one covalent bond between two nitrogen atoms. The crystalline molecular solids of nitroso dimers (azodioxides dissociate by photolysis under the cryogenic conditions, and re-dimerize by slow warming. The thermal re-dimerization reaction is examined under the different topotactic conditions in crystals: disordering, surface defects, and phase transformations. Depending on the conditions, and on the molecular structure, aromatic C-nitroso compounds can associate to form one-dimensional polymeric structures and are able to self-assemble on gold surfaces.

Organic Process Technology Valuation: Cyclohexanone Oxime Syntheses

Science.gov (United States)

Cannon, Kevin C.; Breen, Maureen P.

2010-01-01

Three contemporary processes for cyclohexanone oxime synthesis are evaluated in a case study. The case study introduces organic chemistry students to basic cost accounting to determine the most economical technology. Technical and financial aspects of these processes are evaluated with problem-based exercises that may be completed by students…

Methylation of ribonucleic acid by the carcinogens dimethyl sulphate, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Comparisons of chemical analyses at the nucleoside and base levels

Science.gov (United States)

Lawley, P. D.; Shah, S. A.

1972-01-01

1. The following methods for hydrolysis of methyl-14C-labelled RNA, and for chromatographic isolation and determination of the products, were investigated: enzymic digestion to nucleosides at pH6 or 8; alkaline hydrolysis and conversion into nucleosides; hydrolysis by acid to pyrimidine nucleotides and purine bases, or completely to bases; chromatography on Dowex 50 (NH4+ form) at pH6 or 8.9, or on Dowex 50 (H+ form), or on Sephadex G-10. 2. The suitability of the various methods for determination of methylation products was assessed. The principal product, 7-methylguanosine, was unstable under the conditions used for determinations of nucleosides. 3- and 7-Methyladenine and 3- and 7-methylguanine are best determined as bases; 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine can be isolated as either nucleosides or bases; O6-methylguanine is unstable under the acid hydrolysis conditions used and can be determined as the nucleoside; 3-methyluracil was detected, but may be derived from methylation of the ionized form of uracil. 3. Differences between the patterns of methylation of RNA and homopolyribonucleotides by the N-methyl-N-nitroso compounds and dimethyl sulphate were found: the nitroso compounds were able to methylate O-6 of guanine, were relatively more reactive at N-7 of adenine and probably at N-3 of guanine, but less reactive at N-1 of adenine, N-3 of cytosine and probably at N-3 of uridine. They probably reacted more with the ribose–phosphate chain, but no products from this were identified. 4. The possible influences of these differences on biological action of the methylating agents is discussed. Nitroso compounds may differ principally in their ability to induce miscoding in the Watson–Crick sense by reaction at O-6 of guanine. Both types of agent may induce miscoding to a lesser extent through methylation at N-3 of guanine; both can methylate N atoms, presumably preventing Watson–Crick hydrogen-bonding. N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea can degrade RNA, possibly

Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jakszyn, Paula; Bingham, Sheila A; Pera, Guillem; Agudo, Antonio; Luben, Robert; Welch, Ailsa; Boeing, Heiner; Giudice, Giuseppe del; Palli, Domenico; Saieva, Calogero; Krogh, Vittorio; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Tumino, Rosario; Panico, Salvatore; Berglund, Göran; Simán, Henrik; Hallmans, Göran; Sanchez, María José; Larrañaga, Nerea; Barricarte, Aurelio; Chirlaque, María-Dolores; Quirós, José Ramón; Key, Timothy J; Allen, Naomi E; Lund, Eiliv; Carneiro, Fátima; Linseisen, Jakob; Nagel, Gabriele; Overvad, Kim; Tjønneland, Anne; Olsen, Anja; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas; Ocké, Marga C; Peeters, Petra H M; Numans, Mattijs E; Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise; Trichopoulou, Antonia; Fenger, Claus; Stenling, Roger; Ferrari, Pietro; Jenab, Mazda; Norat, Teresa; Riboli, Elio; González, Carlos Alberto

2006-01-01

The risk of gastric cancer (GC) associated with dietary intake of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and endogenous formation of nitroso compounds (NOCs) was investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The study included 521,457 individuals and 314 incident

Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-Nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jakszyn, P.; Bingham, S.; Pera, G.; Agudo, A.; Luben, R.; Welch, A.; Boeing, H.; Giudice, G. del; Palli, D.; Saieva, C.; Krogh, V.; Sacerdote, C.; Tumino, R.; Panico, S.; Berglund, G.; Simán, H.; Hallmans, G.; Sanchez, M.J.; Larrañaga, N.; Barricarte, A.; Chirlaque, M.D.; Quirós, J.R.; Key, T.J.; Allen, N.; Lund, E.; Carneiro, F.; Linseisen, J.; Nagel, G.; Overvad, K.; Tjønneland, A.; Olsen, A.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B.; Ocké, M.O.; Peeters, P.H.M.; Numans, M.E.; Clavel-Chapelon, F.; Trichopoulou, A.; Fenger, C.; Stenling, R.; Ferrari, P.; Jenab, M.; Norat, T.; Riboli, E.; Gonzalez, C.A.

The risk of gastric cancer (GC) associated with dietary intake of Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and endogenous formation of Nitroso compounds (NOCs) was investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The study included 521,457 individuals and 314 incident

Inhibition of the voltage-dependent chloride channel of Torpedo electric organ by diisopropylfluorophosphate and its reversal by oximes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abalis, I.M.; Chiang, P.K.; Wirtz, R.A.; Andre, R.G.

1986-01-01

Diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP), a potent organophosphate inhibitor of cholinesterases, was found to inhibit the specific binding of [ 35 S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate (TBPS), specific chloride channels ligand, to the electric organ membranes of Torpedo, with a Ki of 21 +/- 3 μM. The binding sites of [ 35 S]TBPS in the Torpedo membranes were found not to be GABA receptors or nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as previously described. Interestingly, a stimulation of the binding of [ 35 S]TBPS was observed in the presence of atropine and three oximes, monopyridinium oxime 2-PAM, bispyridinium bis-oxime TMB-4 and H-oxime HI-6. The maximal stimulation was 300-500% of control, after which, the stimulation was reversed at higher concentrations. The three oximes protected by more than 95% the inhibition by 1 mM DFP of the binding of [ 35 S]TBPS to the voltage-dependent chloride channel. However, atropine protected only 20% of the inhibited channel. These results, thus, suggest that the protection against the toxic effects of DFP or other anticholinesterase agents by the tested oximes may not be solely a result of the reactivation of cholinesterases but also the protection of the voltage-dependent chloride channel

Pyruvic Oxime Nitrification and Copper and Nickel Resistance by a Cupriavidus pauculus, an Active Heterotrophic Nitrifier-Denitrifier

OpenAIRE

Ramirez, Miguel; Obrzydowski, Jennifer; Ayers, Mary; Virparia, Sonia; Wang, Meijing; Stefan, Kurtis; Linchangco, Richard; Castignetti, Domenic

2014-01-01

Heterotrophic nitrifiers synthesize nitrogenous gasses when nitrifying ammonium ion. A Cupriavidus pauculus, previously thought an Alcaligenes sp. and noted as an active heterotrophic nitrifier-denitrifier, was examined for its ability to produce nitrogen gas (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) while heterotrophically nitrifying the organic substrate pyruvic oxime [CH3–C(NOH)–COOH]. Neither N2 nor N2O were produced. Nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the organism is a member of a g...

Synthesis and in-vitro antibacterial activity of N-piperazinyl quinolone derivatives with 5-chloro-2-thienyl group

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Background and the purpose of the study: Fluoroquinolones are an important group of antimicrobial agents that are used widely in the treatment of various infectious diseases. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize new N-piperazinyl quinolone derivatives with 5-chloro-2-theinyl group having possible antimicrobial activity. Methods: Reaction of ciprofloxacin (1, norfloxacin (2 and enoxacin (3 with α-bromoketone 10 or α-bromooxime derivatives 11a-c in DMF, in the presence of NaHCO3 at room temperature, afforded corresponding ketones 4a-c or oxime derivatives 5-7(a-c, respectively. Results and major conclusion: The synthesized compounds were tested against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of MIC tests against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that ciprofloxacin derivatives (compounds 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a were more active than norfloxacin and enoxacin analogues. Compound 5a, containing N-[2-(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl-2-hydroxyiminoethyl] residue provided a high in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC of 0.06, 0.125, 0.5 and 0.125 μg/mL against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. feacalis and B. subtilis, respectively. Its activity was found to be 4 to 8 times better than reference drug (ciprofloxacin against all Gram-positive bacteria with the exception of E. feacalis.

Regio-, Diastereo-, and Enantioselective Nitroso-Diels-Alder Reaction of 1,3-Diene-1-carbamates Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Pous, Jonathan; Courant, Thibaut; Bernadat, Guillaume; Iorga, Bogdan I; Blanchard, Florent; Masson, Géraldine

2015-09-23

Chiral phosphoric acid-catalyzed asymmetric nitroso-Diels-Alder reaction of nitrosoarenes with carbamate-dienes afforded cis-3,6-disubstituted dihydro-1,2-oxazines in high yields with excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. Interestingly, we observed that the catalyst is able not only to control the enantioselectivity but also to reverse the regioselectivity of the noncatalyzed nitroso-Diels-Alder reaction. The regiochemistry reversal and asynchronous concerted mechanism were confirmed by DFT calculations.

Efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso na anestesia durante pneumoperitônio em intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica Efectos de la adición del óxido nitroso en la anestesia durante pneumoperitoneo en intervención quirúrgica videolaparoscópica Consequences of the addition of nitrous oxide to anesthesia during pneumoperitoneum in videolaparoscopic surgeries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cláudia Regina Fernandes

2007-02-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A instalação do pneumoperitônio durante intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica induz à ativação de mecanismos neuroendócrinos, alterações cardiovasculares e hormonais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso sobre a resposta simpática cardiovascular e a concentração expirada de sevoflurano (CEsevo durante o pneumoperitônio, objetivando manter adequação anestésica avaliada por meio de parâmetros hemodinâmicos, do BIS e SEF95% em colecistectomias videolaparoscópicas. MÉTODO: Foram incluídos no estudo 31 pacientes, estado físico ASA I e II, com idade entre 19 e 76 anos. A indução anestésica foi feita com sufentanil (0,3 µg.kg-1, propofol (2,5 mg.kg-1 e cisatracúrio (0,15 mg.kg-1. Durante a manutenção da anestesia, a CEsevo foi ajustada para manter o BIS entre 40 e 60. Após a instalação do pneumoperitônio, iniciou-se a administração de óxido nitroso em concentrações crescentes de 20%, 40% e 60%. Foram aferidos os parâmetros BIS, SEF95%, pressão arterial sistólica (PAS, pressão arterial diastólica (PAD, pressão arterial média (PAM e freqüência cardíaca (FC, nos momentos M1 - 5 minutos após pneumoperitônio, M2 - quando a concentração expirada do N2O = 20% (CEN2O = 20%; M3 - CEN2O = 40%; M4 - CEN2O = 60%. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre PAS, PAD, PAM e FC durante os momentos estudados. Houve diferença significativa na CEsevo nos momentos estudados, com diminuição de 35% quando comparou-se M1 e M4. CONCLUSÕES: O óxido nitroso, quando administrado em associação ao sevoflurano durante o pneumoperitônio em colecistectomia videolaparoscópica, propicia estabilidade hemodinâmica e diminuição do consumo de sevoflurano, com manutenção de parâmetros eletroencefalográficos compatíveis com adequação anestésica.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La instalación del pneumoperitoneo durante la intervención quir

Deprotection of oximes using urea nitrate under microwave irradiation

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. A new mild and efficient method for the cleavage of oximes to carbonyl compounds using readily available urea nitrate in acetonitrile-water (95 : 5), under microwave irradiation within 2 min, in good yields is reported.

Cutaneous exposure to vesicant phosgene oxime: Acute effects on the skin and systemic toxicity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tewari-Singh, Neera; Goswami, Dinesh G; Kant, Rama; Croutch, Claire R; Casillas, Robert P; Orlicky, David J; Agarwal, Rajesh

2017-01-01

Phosgene Oxime (CX), an urticant or nettle agent categorized as a vesicant, is a potential chemical warfare and terrorist weapon. Its exposure can result in widespread and devastating effects including high mortality due to its fast penetration and ability to cause immediate severe cutaneous injury. It is one of the least studied chemical warfare agents with no effective therapy available. Thus, our goal was to examine the acute effects of CX following its cutaneous exposure in SKH-1 hairless mice to help establish a relevant injury model. Results from our study show that topical cutaneous exposure to CX vapor causes blanching of exposed skin with an erythematous ring, necrosis, edema, mild urticaria and erythema within minutes after exposure out to 8 h post-exposure. These clinical skin manifestations were accompanied with increases in skin thickness, apoptotic cell death, mast cell degranulation, myeloperoxidase activity indicating neutrophil infiltration, p53 phosphorylation and accumulation, and an increase in COX-2 and TNFα levels. Topical CX-exposure also resulted in the dilatation of the peripheral vessels with a robust increase in RBCs in vessels of the liver, spleen, kidney, lungs and heart tissues. These events could cause a drop in blood pressure leading to shock, hypoxia and death. Together, this is the first report on effects of CX cutaneous exposure, which could help design further comprehensive studies evaluating the acute and chronic skin injuries from CX topical exposure and elucidate the related mechanism of action to aid in the identification of therapeutic targets and mitigation of injury. - Highlights: • Phosgene oxime cutaneous exposure causes skin blanching, edema and urticaria. • Penetration of phosgene oxime causes dilation of vasculature in internal organs. • Mast cells could play an important role in phosgene oxime-induced skin injury. • Phosgene oxime could induce low blood pressure and hypoxia leading to mortality. • Data is

Cutaneous exposure to vesicant phosgene oxime: Acute effects on the skin and systemic toxicity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tewari-Singh, Neera, E-mail: Neera.tewari-singh@ucdenver.edu [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 (United States); Goswami, Dinesh G; Kant, Rama [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 (United States); Croutch, Claire R; Casillas, Robert P [MRIGlobal, Kansas City, MO 64110 (United States); Orlicky, David J [Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 (United States); Agarwal, Rajesh [Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045 (United States)

2017-02-15

Phosgene Oxime (CX), an urticant or nettle agent categorized as a vesicant, is a potential chemical warfare and terrorist weapon. Its exposure can result in widespread and devastating effects including high mortality due to its fast penetration and ability to cause immediate severe cutaneous injury. It is one of the least studied chemical warfare agents with no effective therapy available. Thus, our goal was to examine the acute effects of CX following its cutaneous exposure in SKH-1 hairless mice to help establish a relevant injury model. Results from our study show that topical cutaneous exposure to CX vapor causes blanching of exposed skin with an erythematous ring, necrosis, edema, mild urticaria and erythema within minutes after exposure out to 8 h post-exposure. These clinical skin manifestations were accompanied with increases in skin thickness, apoptotic cell death, mast cell degranulation, myeloperoxidase activity indicating neutrophil infiltration, p53 phosphorylation and accumulation, and an increase in COX-2 and TNFα levels. Topical CX-exposure also resulted in the dilatation of the peripheral vessels with a robust increase in RBCs in vessels of the liver, spleen, kidney, lungs and heart tissues. These events could cause a drop in blood pressure leading to shock, hypoxia and death. Together, this is the first report on effects of CX cutaneous exposure, which could help design further comprehensive studies evaluating the acute and chronic skin injuries from CX topical exposure and elucidate the related mechanism of action to aid in the identification of therapeutic targets and mitigation of injury. - Highlights: • Phosgene oxime cutaneous exposure causes skin blanching, edema and urticaria. • Penetration of phosgene oxime causes dilation of vasculature in internal organs. • Mast cells could play an important role in phosgene oxime-induced skin injury. • Phosgene oxime could induce low blood pressure and hypoxia leading to mortality. • Data is

Estudo histológico e computadorizado das áreas com células parietais e principais no estômago de ratos Wistar tratados com pantoprazol e "N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea"(NMU Histological and computer-assisted analysis of parietal and chief cells stomach areas in Wistar rats treated with pantoprazole and N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea (NMU

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iure Kalinine Ferraz de Souza

2002-08-01

Full Text Available O uso prolongado dos inibidores da bomba de prótons tem sido considerado uma condição de risco para o desenvolvimento de gastrite atrófica e tumores gástricos. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do uso de pantoprazol (PTZ e carcinogênese pela "N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea" (NMU, por 15 semanas, sobre o estômago glandular de ratos Wistar, pela análise histológica e computadorizada das áreas com células parietais (AP, principais (AZ e da mucosa não oxíntica (ANO, além do estudo das alterações histopatológicas identificadas. Métodos: Quarenta ratos Wistar machos foram distribuídos em 4 grupos: G1 (controle, G2 (NMU+PTZ, G3 (PTZ e G4 (NMU. O pantoprazol foi administrado 2x/semana (14mg/kg de peso, i.p. e a NMU oferecida, ad libitum, diluída na água de beber (100mig/ml. Após o estudo histológico AP, AZ e ANO foram determinadas por análise computadorizada das imagens dos estômagos, utilizando o programa "ImageJ 1.19z". Resultados: Mostraram redução da AP e aumento da ANO, em G2, G3 e G4 (pThe long-term use of proton bomb inhibitors has been considered a risk condition for the development of atrophic gastritis and gastric tumors. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pantoprazole (PTZ treatment and N-Nitroso-N-Methylurea (NMU carcinogenesis, for 15 weeks, in the glandular stomach of rats by histological and computer-assisted analysis of parietal cells area (PA, chief cells area (CP and non-oxintic mucosal area (ANO, as well as by histopathological study. Methods: A total of 40 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups on the basis of the treatment: G1 (control, G2 (NMU+PTZ, G3 (PTZ and G4 (NMU. Pantoprazole was administered twice a week (14mg/kg body wt., i.p. and NMU was given in the drinking water (100ppm ad libitum. After histological examination AP, AZ and ANO were investigated by computer-assisted analysis of the stomach image using the program ImageJ1.19z. Results: Showed a reduction of AP and

Conversion of Natural Aldehydes from Eucalyptus citriodora, Cymbopogon citratus, and Lippia multiflora into Oximes: GC-MS and FT-IR Analysis †

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Igor W. Ouédraogo

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Three carbonyl-containing extracts of essential oils from Eucalyptus citriodora (Myrtaceae, Cymbopogon citratus (Gramineae and Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae were used for the preparation of oximes. The reaction mixtures were analyzed by GC-MS and different compounds were identified on the basis of their retention times and mass spectra. We observed quantitative conversion of aldehydes to their corresponding oximes with a purity of 95 to 99%. E and Z stereoisomers of the oximes were obtained and separated by GC-MS. During GC analysis, the high temperature in the injector was shown to cause partial dehydratation of oximes and the resulting nitriles were readily identified. Based on FT-IR spectroscopy, that revealed the high stability and low volatility of these compounds, the so-obtained oximes could be useful for future biological studies.

Oxidation of primary amines to oximes with molecular oxygen using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and WO3/Al2O3 as catalysts.

Science.gov (United States)

Suzuki, Ken; Watanabe, Tomonari; Murahashi, Shun-Ichi

2013-03-15

The oxidative transformation of primary amines to their corresponding oximes proceeds with high efficiency under molecular oxygen diluted with molecular nitrogen (O2/N2 = 7/93 v/v, 5 MPa) in the presence of the catalysts 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and tungusten oxide/alumina (WO3/Al2O3). The method is environmentally benign, because the reaction requires only molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and gives water as a side product. Various alicyclic amines and aliphatic amines can be converted to their corresponding oximes in excellent yields. It is noteworthy that the oxidative transformation of primary amines proceeds chemoselectively in the presence of other functional groups. The key step of the present oxidation is a fast electron transfer from the primary amine to DPPH followed by proton transfer to give the α-aminoalkyl radical intermediate, which undergoes reaction with molecular oxygen and hydrogen abstraction to give α-aminoalkyl hydroperoxide. Subsequent reaction of the peroxide with WO3/Al2O3 gives oximes. The aerobic oxidation of secondary amines gives the corresponding nitrones. Aerobic oxidative transformation of cyclohexylamines to cyclohexanone oximes is important as a method for industrial production of ε-caprolactam, a raw material for Nylon 6.

Peripheral site ligand conjugation to a non-quaternary oxime enhances reactivation of nerve agent-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koning, M.C. de; Grol, M. van; Noort, D.

2011-01-01

Commonly employed pyridinium-oxime (charged) reactivators of nerve agent inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) do not readily pass the blood brain barrier (BBB) because of the presence of charge(s). Conversely, non-ionic oxime reactivators often suffer from a lack of reactivating potency due to a

Emisiones de óxido nitroso en un cultivo de soja [Glycine max (L. Merrill]: efecto de la inoculación y de la fertilización nitrógenada Nitrous oxide emission during a soybean [Glycine max (L. Merril] culture: inoculation and nitrogen fertilization effects

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio A Ciampitti

2005-12-01

Full Text Available El óxido nitroso absorbe radiación infrarroja contribuyendo al efecto invernadero; este gas es producido principalmente en el suelo, mediante los procesos de nitrificación y denitrificación. En un estudio a campo, sobre un suelo Argiudol típico, se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización y la inoculación con Bradyrhizobium japonicum en un cultivo de soja [Glycine max (L. Merrill], sobre las emisiones de óxido nitroso. Los gases se extrajeron de cilindros de PVC y la lectura se realizó con cromatografía gaseosa. Las emisiones presentaron valores crecientes desde la siembra hacia madurez fisiológica del cultivo, para todos los tratamientos; este comportamiento fue concomitante con la evolución presentada por la humedad edáfica. La fertilización nitrogenada aumentó significativamente (PNitrous oxide gas absorbs infrared radiation contributing to the greenhouse effect; this gas is produced mainly in soil, by means of the processes of nitrification and denitrification. In a field study at the FAUBA on a typic Argiudol, we evaluated the effect of fertilization and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum during a soybean culture [Glycine max (L. Merrill], on nitrous oxide emisión. Gases were sampled with PVC cylinders and were read with gaseous chromatography. Emissions presented increasing values from seeding towards physiological maturity for all treatments; this behavior was similar to the evolution presented by nitrate level and soil moisture. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased (P<0.05 nitrous oxide emissions and inoculation only had a significant effect with the highest level of fertilization (P=0.09. Plots fertilized at highest dose and inoculated gave the greatest nitrous oxide emissions. The variable that better explains the emissions is the nitrate level (r² = 0.1899; P=0.0231.

Improved hemocompatibility of silicone rubber extracorporeal tubing via solvent swelling-impregnation of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and evaluation in rabbit thrombogenicity model.

Science.gov (United States)

Brisbois, Elizabeth J; Major, Terry C; Goudie, Marcus J; Bartlett, Robert H; Meyerhoff, Mark E; Handa, Hitesh

2016-06-01

Blood-contacting devices, including extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuits, can suffer from complications due to platelet activation and thrombus formation. Development of nitric oxide (NO) releasing polymers is one method to improve hemocompatibility, taking advantage of the ability of low levels of NO to prevent platelet activation/adhesion. In this study a novel solvent swelling method is used to load the walls of silicone rubber tubing with the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). This SNAP-silicone rubber tubing exhibits an NO flux of ca. 1×10(-10)molcm(-2)min(-1), which mimics the range of NO release from the normal endothelium, which is stable for at least 4h. Images of the tubing before and after swelling, obtained via scanning electron microscopy, demonstrate that this swelling method has little effect on the surface properties of the tubing. The SNAP-loaded silicone rubber and silicone rubber control tubing are used to fabricate ECC circuits that are evaluated in a rabbit model of thrombogenicity. After 4h of blood flow, the SNAP-loaded silicone rubber circuits were able to preserve the blood platelet count at 64% of baseline (vs. 12% for silicone rubber control). A 67% reduction in the degree of thrombus formation within the thrombogenicity chamber was also observed. This study demonstrates the ability to improve the hemocompatibility of existing/commercial silicone rubber tubing via a simple solvent swelling-impregnation technique, which may also be applicable to other silicone-based blood-contacting devices. Localized nitric oxide (NO) release can be achieved from biomedical grade polymers doped with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP). Despite the promising in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility results reported for these NO releasing polymers, many of these materials may face challenges in being translated to clinical applications, especially in the areas of polymer processing and manufacturing. In this study, we report a solvent

A comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy of leading oxime therapies in guinea pigs exposed to organophosphorus chemical warfare agents or pesticides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wilhelm, Christina M., E-mail: wilhelmc@battelle.org [Battelle, 505 King Avenue, JM-7, Columbus, OH 43201-2693 (United States); Snider, Thomas H., E-mail: snidert@battelle.org [Battelle, 505 King Avenue, JM-7, Columbus, OH 43201-2693 (United States); Babin, Michael C., E-mail: babinm@battelle.org [Battelle, 505 King Avenue, JM-7, Columbus, OH 43201-2693 (United States); Jett, David A., E-mail: jettd@ninds.nih.gov [National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892 (United States); Platoff, Gennady E., E-mail: platoffg@niaid.nih.gov [National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892 (United States); Yeung, David T., E-mail: dy70v@nih.gov [National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD 20892 (United States)

2014-12-15

The currently fielded pre-hospital therapeutic regimen for the treatment of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning in the United States (U.S.) is the administration of atropine in combination with an oxime antidote (2-PAM Cl) to reactivate inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Depending on clinical symptoms, an anticonvulsant, e.g., diazepam, may also be administered. Unfortunately, 2-PAM Cl does not offer sufficient protection across the range of OP threat agents, and there is some question as to whether it is the most effective oxime compound available. The objective of the present study is to identify an oxime antidote, under standardized and comparable conditions, that offers protection at the FDA approved human equivalent dose (HED) of 2-PAM Cl against tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), cyclosarin (GF), and VX, and the pesticides paraoxon, chlorpyrifos oxon, and phorate oxon. Male Hartley guinea pigs were subcutaneously challenged with a lethal level of OP and treated at approximately 1 min post challenge with atropine followed by equimolar oxime therapy (2-PAM Cl, HI-6 DMS, obidoxime Cl{sub 2}, TMB-4, MMB4-DMS, HLö-7 DMS, MINA, and RS194B) or therapeutic-index (TI) level therapy (HI-6 DMS, MMB4-DMS, MINA, and RS194B). Clinical signs of toxicity were observed for 24 h post challenge and blood cholinesterase [AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE)] activity was analyzed utilizing a modified Ellman's method. When the oxime is standardized against the HED of 2-PAM Cl for guinea pigs, the evidence from clinical observations, lethality, quality of life (QOL) scores, and cholinesterase reactivation rates across all OPs indicated that MMB4 DMS and HLö-7 DMS were the two most consistently efficacious oximes. - Highlights: • First comprehensive evaluation of leading AChE oxime reactivators • All oximes are compared against current U.S. therapy 2-PAM Cl. • Relative therapeutic oxime efficacies against OP CWNA and pesticides • Contribution to more effective

Quantum Chemical and Physicochemical Studies of Oximes (Prophylactics against and Reactivators of Phosphorylated AChE).

Science.gov (United States)

1984-10-25

crystal structure of nicotinic acid ,. and we used the ether bridge from the crystal structure of dimethyl ether. We are investigating various rotamers...observations were made: - The titration curve (after the subtraction of the blank curve) shows only one titrable group, i.e. the oxime moiety. - The...subtraction of the blank curve, shows two titrable groups, i.e. the two oxime moieties. The results are as follows: Temperature Conditions PKa pK2

Efficacy of the Tertiary Oxime Monoisonitrosoacetone (MINA) Against Lethal Sarin Intoxication in the Guinea Pig

Science.gov (United States)

2007-10-01

Sarin 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Intoxication in the Guinea Pig 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Koplovitz, I and...efficacy of MINA as a treatment for lethal sarin (GB) intoxication in guinea pigs . Male animals were challenged subcutaneously (s.c.) with 2 LD50s...oximes that are readily able to enter the brain. 15. SUBJECT TERMS oximes, brain, sarin, reactivation, nerve agents, guinea pigs 16. SECURITY

Binding of Reactive Organophosphate by Oximes via Hydrogen Bond

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Giuseppe Trusso

Stoichiometries of the complexes were investigated by the Job plot method using spectrophotometric measurements. The samples were prepared by mixing equimolecular stock solutions (3.7 x 10. -3. M) in dry CH3CN of the appropriate oxime and DMMP to cover the whole range of molar fractions keeping constant the total ...

Theoretical NMR and conformational analysis of solvated oximes for organophosphates-inhibited acetylcholinesterase reactivation

Science.gov (United States)

da Silva, Jorge Alberto Valle; Modesto-Costa, Lucas; de Koning, Martijn C.; Borges, Itamar; França, Tanos Celmar Costa

2018-01-01

In this work, quaternary and non-quaternary oximes designed to bind at the peripheral site of acetylcholinesterase previously inhibited by organophosphates were investigated theoretically. Some of those oximes have a large number of degrees of freedom, thus requiring an accurate method to obtain molecular geometries. For this reason, the density functional theory (DFT) was employed to refine their molecular geometries after conformational analysis and to compare their 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) theoretical signals in gas-phase and in solvent. A good agreement with experimental data was achieved and the same theoretical approach was employed to obtain the geometries in water environment for further studies.

Análise macroscópica infra-vermelha da difusão do óxido nitroso via inalatória para a cavidade abdominal, em ratos submetidos a pneumoperitônio Análisis macroscópica infrarroja de la difusión del óxido nitroso vía inhalatoria para la cavidad abdominal, en ratones sometidos a pneumoperitoneo Macroscopic infrared analysis of inhaled nitrous oxide diffusion to abdominal cavity in rats submitted to pneumoperitoneum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Colman

2004-04-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O óxido nitroso (N2O, por ser uma estrutura tri-atômica assimétrica, assume características de alta emissão e absorção de energia no espectro infra-vermelho, com um pico característico de absorção em 4,5 µm, o que o torna visível ao infra-vermelho curto, quando contrastado com uma fonte emissora de calor (anteparo quente. Diversos autores têm descrito a difusão do N2O para cavidades fechadas por métodos como cromatografia gasosa e analisador de gases, que não permitem um estudo macroscópico detalhado do gás. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a filmagem macroscópica no espectro infra-vermelho da difusão de N2O, utilizado em anestesia inalatória, para a cavidade peritoneal de ratos submetidos a pneumoperitônio de 20 mmHg com ar ambiente. MÉTODO: Dividiu-se os animais em três grupos, de acordo com o anestésico utilizado: I - controle venoso: tiopental intra-peritoneal; II - controle inalatório: isoflurano a 1,2% em O2 100%; III - óxido nitroso: N2O 66% em oxigênio e isoflurano a 0,6%. Os termogramas provenientes da descompressão abdominal foram obtidos, por meio de um radiômetro AGEMA 550 filmados a 7 quadros por segundo. RESULTADOS: O N2O demonstrou-se visível ao infra-vermelho. No momento da descompressão abdominal, não houve nos grupos I e II termogramas com rastros de gases visíveis ao infra-vermelho. Houve, porém, rastros de gases visíveis ao infra-vermelho no grupo III. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que o óxido nitroso inalatório a 66% difundiu-se para a cavidade peritoneal de ratos submetidos a pneumoperitônio de 20 mmHg com ar ambiente, sem aumento de pressão intra-abdominal.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El óxido nitroso (N2O, por ser una estructura tri-atómica asimétrica, toma características de alta emisión y absorción de energía en el espectro infrarrojo, con un pico característico de absorción en 4,5 µm, lo que lo hace visible al infrarrojo corto, cuando contrastado

Design and Biological Evaluation of Antifouling Dihydrostilbene Oxime Hybrids.

Science.gov (United States)

Moodie, Lindon W K; Cervin, Gunnar; Trepos, Rozenn; Labriere, Christophe; Hellio, Claire; Pavia, Henrik; Svenson, Johan

2018-04-01

By combining the recently reported repelling natural dihydrostilbene scaffold with an oxime moiety found in many marine antifoulants, a library of nine antifouling hybrid compounds was developed and biologically evaluated. The prepared compounds were shown to display a low antifouling effect against marine bacteria but a high potency against the attachment and growth of microalgae down to MIC values of 0.01 μg/mL for the most potent hybrid. The mode of action can be characterized as repelling via a reversible non-toxic biostatic mechanism. Barnacle cyprid larval settlement was also inhibited at low μg/mL concentrations with low levels or no toxicity observed. Several of the prepared compounds performed better than many reported antifouling marine natural products. While several of the prepared compounds are highly active as antifoulants, no apparent synergy is observed by incorporating the oxime functionality into the dihydrostilbene scaffold. This observation is discussed in light of recently reported literature data on related marine natural antifoulants and antifouling hybrids as a potentially general strategy for generation of improved antifoulants.

Nitrite fixation by humic substances: Nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance evidence for potential intermediates in chemodenitrification

Science.gov (United States)

Thorn, K.A.; Mikita, M.A.

2000-01-01

Studies have suggested that NO2/-, produced during nitrification and denitrification, can become incorporated into soil organic matter and, in one of the processes associated with chemodenitrification, react with organic matter to form trace N gases, including N2O. To gain an understanding of the nitrosation chemistry on a molecular level, soil and aquatic humic substances were reacted with 15N-labeled NaNO2, and analyzed by liquid phase 15N and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) Pahokee peat and peat humic acid were also reacted with Na15NO2 and analyzed by solid-state 15N NMR. In Suwannee River, Armadale, and Laurentian fulvic acids, phenolic rings and activated methylene groups underwent nitrosation to form nitrosophenols (quinone monoximes) and ketoximes, respectively. The oximes underwent Beckmann rearrangements to 2??amides, and Beckmann fragmentations to nitriles. The nitriles in turn underwent hydrolysis to 1??amides. Peaks tentatively identified as imine, indophenol, or azoxybenzene nitrogens were clearly present in spectra of samples nitrosated at pH 6 but diminished at pH 3. The 15N NMR spectrum of the peat humic acid exhibited peaks corresponding with N-nitroso groups in addition to nitrosophenols, ketoximes, and secondary Beckmann reaction products. Formation of N-nitroso groups was more significant in the whole peat compared with the peat humic acid. Carbon-13 NMR analyses also indicated the occurrence of nitrosative demethoxylation in peat and soil humic acids. Reaction of 15N-NH3 fixated fulvic acid with unlabeled NO2/- resulted in nitrosative deamination of aminohydroquinone N, suggesting a previously unrecognized pathway for production of N2 gas in soils fertilized with NH3.Studies have suggested that NO2-, produced during nitrification and denitrification, can become incorporated into soil organic matter and, in one of the processes associated with chemodenitrification, react with organic

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of new oxime carbamates of 3 ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Abstract. S-alkylation of 3-aryl-2-thioquinazolin-4(3H)-one (1) with chloroacetone gave 2-(propanonyl thio)-3-arylquinazol-4(3H)ones (2). Further, the treatment of compound (2) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride gave the corresponding oximes (3) which on reaction with phenyl isocyanate in THF yielded corresponding.

Diprotonated hydrazones and oximes as reactive intermediates in electrochemical reductions

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Baymak, M. S.; Celik, H.; Ludvík, Jiří; Lund, H.; Zuman, P.

2004-01-01

Roč. 45, č. 26 (2004), s. 5113-5115 ISSN 0040-4039 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/01/1093; GA AV ČR IAA4040304 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : hydrazones * oximes * diprotonation Subject RIV: CG - Electrochemistry Impact factor: 2.484, year: 2004

Selective Tandem Synthesis of Oximes from Benzylic Alcohols Catalyzed with 2, 3-Dichloro-5, 6-dicyanobenzoquinone

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aghapour, Ghasem; Mohamadian, Samaneh [Damghan University, Damghan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2012-04-15

In spite of many reports in the literature concerning with oxidation of benzylic alcohols to carbonyl compounds with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ) in stoichiometric amounts or even more, we surprisingly found that benzylic alcohols are directly oxidized to oximes using a catalytic amount of DDQ in the presence of hydroxylamine hydrochloride under solvent-free conditions. The present tandem catalytic method can be efficiently used for preparation of oximes in the presence of some other functional groups with excellent chemoselectivity

THE RESEARCH OF THE AMOUNT OF HEAVY METALS AND NITROSO COMPOUNDS IN CONCENTRATED TOMATO PRODUCTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V.V. Shutyuk

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The constant selling race results in need for improving the quality of nutrition products among in-house food and pharmaceutical processing industries, which is an all-important key to success on the consumer market. This requires constant improvement of the product producing technologies. The topical problem of quality is the presence of heavy metals and nitroso compounds in the products. The research aimed at studying the changes in the heavy metal concentration levels (including Zn, Cu, Pb in tomato products at their thickening has been conducted at the national University of Food Technologies. On the basis of the received results the relationship between the lead, copper, zinc, nitrosocompounds and the solid substances’ amount has been established. The conducted research allowed us to ascertain the fact that the amount of heavy metals and nitroso compounds in raw materials for the concentrated tomato products to be ofhigh quality must not exceed the values of 18…35 % of the limiting concentration.

Insights into the mechanism and catalysis of oxime coupling chemistry at physiological pH.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shujiang; Gurav, Deepanjali; Oommen, Oommen P; Varghese, Oommen P

2015-04-07

The dynamic covalent-coupling reaction involving α-effect nucleophiles has revolutionized bioconjugation approaches, due to its ease and high efficiency. Key to its success is the discovery of aniline as a nucleophilic catalyst, which made this reaction feasible under physiological conditions. Aniline however, is not so effective for keto substrates. Here, we investigate the mechanism of aniline activation in the oxime reaction with aldehyde and keto substrates. We also present carboxylates as activating agents that can promote the oxime reaction with both aldehyde and keto substrates at physiological pH. This rate enhancement circumvents the influence of α-effect by forming H-bonds with the rate-limiting intermediate, which drives the reaction to completion. The combination of aniline and carboxylates had a synergistic effect, resulting in a ∼14-31-fold increase in reaction rate at pD 7.4 with keto substrates. The biocompatibility and efficiency of carboxylate as an activating agent is demonstrated by performing cell-surface oxime labeling at physiological pH using acetate, which showed promising results that were comparable with aniline. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Efficient Conversion of Oximes to the Corresponding Carbonyl Compounds with Tetrabutylammonium Chromate under Aprotic Conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pourali, Ali Reza; Goli, Arezou

2006-01-01

The solubility in several solvents, mildness, simple work-up and absence of side reactions provide advantages of using TBAC in deoximation reactions. This is an efficient and selective method for homogeneous deoximation of structurally different compounds under the moderately acidic and aprotic conditions in high yields. Regeneration of ketones and aldehydes from their oximes has assumed added importance since the discovery of the Barton reaction in which oximes are produced at non-activated hydrocarbon sites. Also, their synthesis from non-carbonyl compounds, such as by nitrosation of an active methylene group, nitrosation of an α-halo carbonyl compound and condensation of a nitro-alkene with an aldehyde provides a valid alternative pathway to carbonyl compounds. Therefore, there has been a continued interest in the effective regeneration of carbonyl compounds from the corresponding oximes especially under mild conditions. Oxidative and reductive methods have been found to show advantages over the classical hydrolytic methods. Although many oxidizing agents have been used, only a limited number of methods are efficient because of the low solubility of these metallic reagents in most organic solvents

Two reduction waves of oximes and imine formation in acidic media

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Celik, H.; Ludvík, Jiří; Zuman, P.

2006-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 26 (2006), s. 5845-5852 ISSN 0013-4686 R&D Projects: GA MŠk 1P05ME785 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : oximes * electroreduction * polarography Subject RIV: CG - Electrochemistry Impact factor: 2.955, year: 2006

Efficacy of two anthelmintic treatments, spinosad/milbemycin oxime and ivermectin/praziquantel in dogs with natural Toxocara spp. infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Heredia Cardenas, Rafael; Romero Núñez, Camilo; Miranda Contreras, Laura

2017-11-30

Toxocara canis is one of the most important zoonotic parasites of dogs. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of spinosad/milbemycin oxime and ivermectin/praziquantel in dogs naturally infected with Toxocara spp. We studied 200 dogs with a positive diagnosis of Toxocara spp. Through coproparasitoscopic analysis, two study groups of 100 dogs each were assigned: spinosad/milbemycin oxime at a dose of 30-60mg/kg and 0.75-1.0mg/kg, respectively, or ivermectin/praziquantel administered at a dose of 0.2mg/kg and 5mg/kg, respectively. Both groups received a single dose. Three stool samples, one at day 0 before treatment, and at 14 and 28days post-treatment were examined using concentration-flotation techniques. In both treatments, the number of Toxocara spp. eggs decreased; with spinosad/milbemycin oxime treatment, eggs decreased by 87% at 14days (P=0.008) and 94% at 28days after treatment, compared with 71% at day 14 and 88% at day 28 in dogs medicated with ivermectin/praziquantel. The spinosad/milbemycin oxime treated group showed a greater decrease in the number of Toxocara spp. positive dogs compared to the group receiving ivermectin/praziquantel. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Efficacy Of Milbemycin Oxime In The Treatment Of Naturally Acquired Infestations Of Sarcoptes Scabiei On Dogs

OpenAIRE

Xu Q; Guo S; Li J; Wang Y; Shen Z; Yanping Wang; Ying Z; Zhang Z; Fu S; Ma L; Yang L; Wang J; Duanhui Ma

2013-01-01

Milbemycin oxime tablets were evaluated for efficacy against sarcoptic mange mites in naturally infested dogs. Sixty-five dogs were allocated to two groups and were housed individually. Fifty of the dogs were treated orally with milbemycin oxime at the proposed dose. The other fifteen were treated orally with vehicle. Study day 0 was defined as the first day of treatment administration. Dogs were treated on days 0, 7 and 14, and efficacy was assessed by counting viable mites recovered from sk...

(Pyridine-2-aldoximato-κ2N,N′bis[2-(pyridin-2-ylphenyl-κ2C1,N]iridium(III

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bimal Chandra Singh

2013-03-01

Full Text Available In the title complex, [Ir(C11H8N2(C6H5N2O], the octahedrally coordinated IrIII atom is bonded to two 2-(pyridin-2-ylphenyl ligands, through two phenyl C and two pydidine N atoms, and to one pyridine-2-aldoxime ligand through a pyridine N and an oxime N atom. The oxime O atom of the aldoxime unit forms intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds, which result in a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded polymeric network parallel to (100. C—H...π interactions are also observed.

Multiple QSAR models, pharmacophore pattern and molecular docking analysis for anticancer activity of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds, oxime and oxime ether analogues

Science.gov (United States)

Masand, Vijay H.; El-Sayed, Nahed N. E.; Bambole, Mukesh U.; Quazi, Syed A.

2018-04-01

Multiple discrete quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) models were constructed for the anticancer activity of α, β-unsaturated carbonyl-based compounds, oxime and oxime ether analogues with a variety of substituents like sbnd Br, sbnd OH, -OMe, etc. at different positions. A big pool of descriptors was considered for QSAR model building. Genetic algorithm (GA), available in QSARINS-Chem, was executed to choose optimum number and set of descriptors to create the multi-linear regression equations for a dataset of sixty-nine compounds. The newly developed five parametric models were subjected to exhaustive internal and external validation along with Y-scrambling using QSARINS-Chem, according to the OECD principles for QSAR model validation. The models were built using easily interpretable descriptors and accepted after confirming statistically robustness with high external predictive ability. The five parametric models were found to have R2 = 0.80 to 0.86, R2ex = 0.75 to 0.84, and CCCex = 0.85 to 0.90. The models indicate that frequency of nitrogen and oxygen atoms separated by five bonds from each other and internal electronic environment of the molecule have correlation with the anticancer activity.

Successful oxime therapy one hour after soman intoxication in the rat

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wolthuis, O.L.; Kepner, L.A.

1978-01-01

The bisquarternary mono-oxime HI-6, and to a lesser extent HS-6, caused functional recovery of neuromuscular transmission in vivo and in vitro when given 60 min after soman, i.e. when the soman-cholinesterase (AChE) complex is said to be fully 'aged'. Atropinised rats, with the tracheas intubated,

Innovative approach for the electrochemical detection of non-electroactive organophosphorus pesticides using oxime as electroactive probe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong, Jing; Hou, Juying; Jiang, Jianxia; Ai, Shiyun

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Novel approach for electrochemical detection of non-electroactive OPs was proposed. • PAM was used as electroactive probe for the first time. • The detection system displayed high sensitivity and promptness. • The developed sensor was used in real samples with satisfactory results. - Abstract: An innovative approach for sensitive and simple electrochemical detection of non-electroactive organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) was described in this report. The novel strategy emphasized the fabrication of an oxime-based sensor via attaching pralidoxime (PAM) on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) modified glassy carbon electrode. The introduction of GQDs significantly increased the effective electrode area, and then enlarged the immobilization quantity of PAM. Thus, the oxidation current of PAM was obviously increased. Relying on the nucleophilic substitution reaction between oxime and OPs, fenthion was detected using PAM as the electroactive probe. Under optimum conditions, the difference of oxidation current of PAM was proportional to fenthion concentration over the range from 1.0 × 10 −11 M to 5.0 × 10 −7 M with a detection limit of 6.8 × 10 −12 M (S/N = 3). Moreover, the favorable detection performance in water and soil samples heralded the promising applications in on-site OPs detection

Heteropolyhedral silver compounds containing the polydentate ligand N,N,O-E-[6-(hydroxyimino)ethyl]-1,3,7-trimethyllumazine. Preparation, spectral and XRD structural study and AIM calculations.

Science.gov (United States)

Jiménez-Pulido, Sonia B; Hueso-Ureña, Francisco; Fernández-Liencres, M Paz; Fernández-Gómez, Manuel; Moreno-Carretero, Miguel N

2013-01-14

The oxime derived from 6-acetyl-1,3,7-trimethyllumazine (1) ((E-6-(hydroxyimino)ethyl)-1,3,7-trimethylpteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione, DLMAceMox) has been prepared and its molecular and crystal structure determined from spectral and XRD data. The oxime ligand was reacted with silver nitrate, perchlorate, thiocyanate, trifluoromethylsulfonate and tetrafluoroborate to give complexes with formulas [Ag(2)(DLMAceMox)(2)(NO(3))(2)](n) (2), [Ag(2)(DLMAceMox)(2)(ClO(4))(2)](n) (3), [Ag(2)(DLMAceMox)(2)(SCN)(2)] (4), [Ag(2)(DLMAceMox)(2)(CF(3)SO(3))(2)(CH(3)CH(2)OH)]·CH(3)CH(2)OH (5) and [Ag(DLMAceMox)(2)]BF(4) (6). Single-crystal XRD studies show that the asymmetrical residual unit of complexes 2, 3 and 5 contains two quite different but connected silver centers (Ag1-Ag2, 2.9-3.2 Å). In addition to this, the Ag1 ion displays coordination with the N5 and O4 atoms from both lumazine moieties and a ligand (nitrato, perchlorato or ethanol) bridging to another disilver unit. The Ag2 ion is coordinated to the N61 oxime nitrogens, a monodentate and a (O,O)-bridging nitrato/perchlorato or two monodentate O-trifluoromethylsulfonato anions. The coordination polyhedra can be best described as a strongly distorted octahedron (around Ag1) and a square-based pyramid (around Ag2). The Ag-N and Ag-O bond lengths range between 2.22-2.41 and 2.40-2.67 Å, respectively. Although the structure of 4 cannot be resolved by XRD, it is likely to be similar to those described for 2, 3 and 5, containing Ag-Ag units with S-thiocyanato terminal ligands. Finally, the structure of the tetrafluoroborate compound 6 is mononuclear with a strongly distorted tetrahedral AgN(4) core (Ag-N, 2.27-2.43 Å). Always, the different Ag-N distances found clearly point to the more basic character of the oxime N61 nitrogen atom when compared with the pyrazine N5 one. A topological analysis of the electron density within the framework provided by the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) using DFT(M06L) levels of

Studies on the polymerization of acrolein oxime, 13

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ota, Tadatoshi; Mori, Yoshikazu; Tamai, Harumi; Masuda, Seizo; Tanaka, Masami.

1980-01-01

The radiation-induced polymerization of acrolein oxime was carried out at temperatures ranging from room temperature to -78 0 C, and the resulting low molecular products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Acetaldoxime, propionaldoxime, propenylhydroxylamines, dioximes etc. were obtained. Initial processes of the polymerization are discussed on the basis of these reaction products. The present work offers further corroborating evidence for the already-described postulation that an anionic mechanism is operative above room temperature, and a cationic mechanism is predominant below -23 0 C. (author)

Catalytic activity of some oxime-based Pd(II-complexes in Suzuki coupling of aryl and heteroaryl bromides in water

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kamal M. Dawood

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The catalytic activity of four Pd(II-complexes of benzoazole-oximes was extensively studied in Suzuki–Miyaura C–C cross coupling reactions in water, as an eco-friendly green solvent, under both thermal heating as well as microwave irradiation conditions. The cross-coupling reactions included different activated and deactivated aryl- or heteroaryl-bromides with several arylboronic acids. The protected oxime-complexes were found to be more efficient than the free ones.

The effect of substituents in the aromatic ring on carcinogenicity of N-nitrosomethylaniline in F344 rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Kroeger-Koepke, M B; Reuber, M D; Iype, P T; Lijinsky, W; Michejda, C J

1983-01-01

N-Nitroso-N-methylaniline (NMA) and N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-fluoroaniline (p-F-NMA), both non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium and N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-nitroaniline (p-NO2-NMA), a potent mutagen, were tested for carcinogenicity in F344 rats. NMA was shown to induce a high level of tumors in the upper gastrointestinal tract, particularly in the esophagus. Male rats treated with NMA died with tumors at a slightly higher rate than females, although the final tumor yield was the same. Most of the rats treated with p-F-NMA also developed tumors of the esophagus, but they died less rapidly than the NMA treated rats, indicating that p-F-NMA is a slightly weaker carcinogen than NMA. The powerful, directly acting mutagen, p-NO2-NMA did not appear to induce tumors at all since its tumor spectrum was essentially identical to that of the untreated control rats. Thus, the carcinogenic activities of NMA and its substituted analogs do not appear to correlate with bacterial mutagenesis assays. Additionally, NMA, p-F-NMA and N-nitroso-N-methyl-4-bromoaniline, the last a strong mutagen in S. typhimurium, were shown not to induce sister chromatid exchanges in CHO cells and in a clone of a CHO:liver cell hybrid which had previously been shown to be sensitive to chemical agents which require metabolic activation.

Inhibition, recovery and oxime-induced reactivation of muscle esterases following chlorpyrifos exposure in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Collange, B.; Wheelock, C.E.; Rault, M.; Mazzia, C.; Capowiez, Y.; Sanchez-Hernandez, J.C.

2010-01-01

Assessment of wildlife exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides generally involves the measurement of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition, and complementary biomarkers (or related endpoints) are rarely included. Herein, we investigated the time course inhibition and recovery of ChE and carboxylesterase (CE) activities in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to chlorpyrifos, and the ability of oximes to reactivate the phosphorylated ChE activity. Results indicated that these esterase activities are a suitable multibiomarker scheme for monitoring OP exposure due to their high sensitivity to OP inhibition and slow recovery to full activity levels following pesticide exposure. Moreover, oximes reactivated the inhibited ChE activity of the earthworms exposed to 12 and 48 mg kg -1 chlorpyrifos during the first week following pesticide exposure. This methodology is useful for providing evidence for OP-mediated ChE inhibition in individuals with a short history of OP exposure (≤1 week); resulting a valuable approach for assessing multiple OP exposure episodes in the field. - Esterase inhibition combined with oxime reactivation methods is a suitable approach for monitoring organophosphate contamination

Inhibition, recovery and oxime-induced reactivation of muscle esterases following chlorpyrifos exposure in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Collange, B. [Universite d' Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Site AGROPARC, F-84914, Avignon Cede 09 (France); Wheelock, C.E. [Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE 171 77, Stockholm (Sweden); Rault, M.; Mazzia, C. [Universite d' Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, UMR 406 Abeilles et Environnement, Site AGROPARC, F-84914, Avignon Cede 09 (France); Capowiez, Y. [INRA, Unite PSH, Site AGROPARC, F-84914 Avignon Cedex 09 (France); Sanchez-Hernandez, J.C., E-mail: juancarlos.sanchez@uclm.e [Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Environmental Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071, Toledo (Spain)

2010-06-15

Assessment of wildlife exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides generally involves the measurement of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition, and complementary biomarkers (or related endpoints) are rarely included. Herein, we investigated the time course inhibition and recovery of ChE and carboxylesterase (CE) activities in the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris exposed to chlorpyrifos, and the ability of oximes to reactivate the phosphorylated ChE activity. Results indicated that these esterase activities are a suitable multibiomarker scheme for monitoring OP exposure due to their high sensitivity to OP inhibition and slow recovery to full activity levels following pesticide exposure. Moreover, oximes reactivated the inhibited ChE activity of the earthworms exposed to 12 and 48 mg kg{sup -1} chlorpyrifos during the first week following pesticide exposure. This methodology is useful for providing evidence for OP-mediated ChE inhibition in individuals with a short history of OP exposure (<=1 week); resulting a valuable approach for assessing multiple OP exposure episodes in the field. - Esterase inhibition combined with oxime reactivation methods is a suitable approach for monitoring organophosphate contamination

Selective and Efficient Solvent Extraction of Copper(II Ions from Chloride Solutions by Oxime Extractants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zahra Kaboli Tanha

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Oxime extractants 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methyl benzaldehyde oxime (HL1 and 3-tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methoxy benzaldehyde oxime (HL2 were synthesized and characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods. Suitable lipophilic nature of the prepared extractants allowed examining the ability of these molecules for extraction-separation of copper from its mixture with normally associated metal ions by performing competitive extraction experiments of Cu(II, Co(II, Ni(II, Zn(II, Cd(II and Pb(II ions from chloride solutions. Both ligands transfer selectively the copper ions into dichloromethane by a cation exchange mechanism. Conventional log-log analysis and isotherm curves showed that Cu(II ions are extracted as the complexes with 1:2 metal to ligand ratio by both extractants. Verification of the effect of the organic diluent used in the extraction of copper ions by HL1 and HL2 demonstrated that the extraction efficiency varies as: dichloromethane ~ dichloroethane > toluene > xylene > ethylacetate. Time dependency investigation of the extraction processes revealed that the kinetics of the extraction of copper by HL2 is more rapid than that of HL1. The application of the ligands for extraction-separation of copper ions from leach solutions of cobalt and nickel-cadmium filter-cakes of a zinc production plants was evaluated.

Development and validation of a FIA/UV-vis method for pK(a) determination of oxime based acetylcholinesterase reactivators.

Science.gov (United States)

Musil, Karel; Florianova, Veronika; Bucek, Pavel; Dohnal, Vlastimil; Kuca, Kamil; Musilek, Kamil

2016-01-05

Acetylcholinesterase reactivators (oximes) are compounds used for antidotal treatment in case of organophosphorus poisoning. The dissociation constants (pK(a1)) of ten standard or promising acetylcholinesterase reactivators were determined by ultraviolet absorption spectrometry. Two methods of spectra measurement (UV-vis spectrometry, FIA/UV-vis) were applied and compared. The soft and hard models for calculation of pK(a1) values were performed. The pK(a1) values were recommended in the range 7.00-8.35, where at least 10% of oximate anion is available for organophosphate reactivation. All tested oximes were found to have pK(a1) in this range. The FIA/UV-vis method provided rapid sample throughput, low sample consumption, high sensitivity and precision compared to standard UV-vis method. The hard calculation model was proposed as more accurate for pK(a1) calculation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical determination of 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime and 2′-hydroxy-5′-nonylacetophenone oxime in commercial extractants

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizalde María P.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available A differential pulse voltammetric method using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE was optimized for the determination of 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime in hydro-alcoholic solutions using factorial and central composite designs. The Taguchi design methodology was used to extend the formerly optimized method to the determination of 2′-hydroxy-5′-nonylacetophenone oxime. The method was successfully applied to quantify 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime and 2′-hydroxy-5′-nonylacetophenone oxime in samples of commercial extractants over the concentration range 0.05–2.45 and 0.07–0.82 mg L-1, respectively, with detection limits of 0.034 and 0.019 mg L-1, respectively.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 3-Caren-5-One Oxime Esters.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Min; Duan, Wen-Gui; Lin, Gui-Shan; Li, Kun; Hu, Qiong

2017-09-12

A series of novel 3-caren-5-one oxime esters were designed and synthesized by multi-step reactions in an attempt to develop potent antifungal agents. Two E - Z stereoisomers of the intermediate 3-caren-5-one oxime were separated by column chromatography for the first time. The structures of all the intermediates and target compounds were confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The antifungal activity of the target compounds was preliminarily evaluated by the in vitro method against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum , Physalospora piricola , Alternaria solani , Cercospora arachidicola , Gibberella zeae, Rhizoeotnia solani , Bipolaris maydis , and Colleterichum orbicalare at 50 µg/mL. The target compounds exhibited best antifungal activity against P. piricola , in which compounds ( Z )- 4r (R = β -pyridyl), ( Z )- 4q (R = α -thienyl), ( E )- 4f' (R = p -F Ph), ( Z )- 4i (R = m -Me Ph), ( Z )- 4j (R = p -Me Ph), and ( Z )- 4p (R = α -furyl) had inhibition rates of 97.1%, 87.4%, 87.4%, 85.0%, 81.9%, and 77.7%, respectively, showing better antifungal activity than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothanil. Also, compound ( Z )- 4r (R = β -pyridyl) displayed remarkable antifungal activity against all the tested fungi, with inhibition rates of 76.7%, 82.7%, 97.1%, 66.3%, 74.7%, 93.9%, 76.7% and 93.3%, respectively, showing better or comparable antifungal activity than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothanil. Besides, the E-Z isomers of the target oxime esters were found to show obvious differences in antifungal activity. These results provide an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent novel antifungal agents.

SYNTHESIS OF OXIMES WITH THE DOPED POTASSIUM FLUORIDE ANIMAL BONE MEAL AS A CATALYST

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. AIT TALEB

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The potassium fluoride doped Animal Bone Meal (KF/ABM was prepared and characterized using several techniques to identify the structural properties. After, it has been used as a new and eco-friendly catalyst for the preparation of from aldehydes and ketones oximes under solvent-free conditions. It is clearly shown that this reaction (using this catalyst can lead to the corresponding oximes in good yields (80 % to excellent yields (96 %. In the case of dissymmetric aldehydes and ketones, this catalyst can lead to a mixture of Z- and E- isomers (Z/E = 86/14–90/10. The remarkable advantages of this catalyst are high conversion, short reaction times, cleaner reaction profiles, reusability up to 8 times without significant loss of activity, and reduction in catalyst toxicity.

Efficacy of fenbendazole and milbemycin oxime for treating baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) infected with Trichuris trichiura.

Science.gov (United States)

Reichard, Mason V; Wolf, Roman F; Carey, David W; Garrett, Jennifer Jane; Briscoe, Heather A

2007-03-01

We evaluated the efficacy of fenbendazole (FBZ) and milbemycin oxime (MO) in the treatment of baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) with naturally acquired Trichuris trichiura infection by comparing fecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests. We assigned 7 baboons, each singly housed and confirmed infected with T. trichiura, to treatment groups of FBZ (n=3) or MO (n=3), or as a control (n=1). All (100%) baboons that received FBZ stopped shedding T. trichiura eggs within 6 d of treatment, and fecal egg counts remained negative at 65 d after treatment. Although the number of T. trichiura eggs shed per gram of feces from 2 (67%) baboons decreased significantly after the second treatment with MO, this regimen never totally eliminated eggs of T. trichiura. The results of our study indicate that FBZ was more effective for treating baboons with T. trichiura than was MO.

Dietary N-nitroso compounds and risk of colorectal cancer: a case-control study in Newfoundland and Labrador and Ontario, Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Yun; Wang, Peizhong Peter; Zhao, Jing; Green, Roger; Sun, Zhuoyu; Roebothan, Barbara; Squires, Josh; Buehler, Sharon; Dicks, Elizabeth; Zhao, Jinhui; Cotterchio, Michelle; Campbell, Peter T.; Jain, Meera; Parfrey, Patrick S.; Mclaughlin, John R.

2015-01-01

Several N-nitroso compounds (NOC) have been shown to be carcinogenic in a variety of laboratory animals, but evidence of their carcinogenicity in humans is lacking. We aimed to examine the association between NOC intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and possible effect modification by vitamins C and E and protein in a large case-control study carried out in Newfoundland and Labrador, and Ontario, Canada. A total of 1760 case patients with pathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma and 2481 population controls were asked to complete a self-administered FFQ to evaluate their dietary intakes 1 year before diagnosis (for cases) or interview (for controls). Adjusted OR and 95% CI were calculated across the quintiles of NOC (measured by N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)) intake and relevant food items using unconditional logistic regression. NDMA intake was found to be associated with a higher risk of CRC (highest vs lowest quintiles, OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.03,1.96; p-trend=0.005), specifically for rectal carcinoma (OR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.11,2.35; p-trend=0.01). CRC risk also increased with the consumption of NDMA-containing meats when the highest tertile was compared with the lowest tertile (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.03,2.10; p-trend=0.20). There was evidence of effect modification between dietary vitamin E and NDMA. Individuals with high NDMA and low vitamin E intakes had a significantly increased risk than those with both low NDMA and vitamin E intakes (OR:3.01; 95% CI: 1.43,6.51; p-interaction=0.017). The present results support the hypothesis that NOC intake may be positively associated with CRC risk in humans. Vitamin E, which inhibits nitrosation, could modify the effect of NDMA on CRC risk. PMID:24160559

A diazonium ion cascade from the nitrosation of tolazoline, an imidazoline-containing drug.

Science.gov (United States)

Loeppky, Richard N; Shi, Jianzheng; Barnes, Charles L; Geddam, Sailaja

2008-02-01

Tolazoline (1-benzylimidazoline), a representative imidazoline-containing drug, reacts readily with nitrite in acetic acid to produce a complex product mixture. Fourteen compounds have been identified as products of this transformation when an 8-fold excess of HNO2 is used. The products, which include N-nitrosoamides, esters, alcohols, and phenylacetic acid, are rationalized as arising from a cascade of reactive diazonium ions. N-Nitrosotolazoline can be isolated from the nitrosation reaction in good yield when the mixture is extracted with CH2Cl2 as the transformation progresses. It nitrosates much more rapidly (50x) than tolazoline to give, among other products, the oxime [1-( N-nitroso-2-imidazolinyl)benzylidene]hydroxylamine, which can also be produced in good yield from the reaction of tolazoline with isopropyl nitrite. At low substrate and nitrite concentrations, the main reaction products are N-nitrosotolazoline, its decomposition product N-2-hydroxyethylphenylacetamide, the above-mentioned oxime, phenyl acetic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl phenylacetate. The tolazoline nitrosation rate in three buffer systems has been determined at pH 3.4 and 37 degrees C ( kobs = 6.25 x 10 (-5) s (-1) in 0.5 M acetate buffer with a 10 * [NO2(-)] = 250 mM). Because N-nitrosotolazoline exhibits the chemical properties of a direct-acting mutagen and carcinogen, we have used the rate data to estimate its level of formation at nitrite concentrations <3 mM. Cursory examination of the nitrosation chemistry of oxymetazoline, a related drug, is primarily focused at its electron-rich aromatic ring.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel 3-Caren-5-One Oxime Esters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Min Huang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available A series of novel 3-caren-5-one oxime esters were designed and synthesized by multi-step reactions in an attempt to develop potent antifungal agents. Two E-Z stereoisomers of the intermediate 3-caren-5-one oxime were separated by column chromatography for the first time. The structures of all the intermediates and target compounds were confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. The antifungal activity of the target compounds was preliminarily evaluated by the in vitro method against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Physalospora piricola, Alternaria solani, Cercospora arachidicola, Gibberella zeae, Rhizoeotnia solani, Bipolaris maydis, and Colleterichum orbicalare at 50 µg/mL. The target compounds exhibited best antifungal activity against P. piricola, in which compounds (Z-4r (R = β-pyridyl, (Z-4q (R = α-thienyl, (E-4f′ (R = p-F Ph, (Z-4i (R = m-Me Ph, (Z-4j (R = p-Me Ph, and (Z-4p (R = α-furyl had inhibition rates of 97.1%, 87.4%, 87.4%, 85.0%, 81.9%, and 77.7%, respectively, showing better antifungal activity than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothanil. Also, compound (Z-4r (R = β-pyridyl displayed remarkable antifungal activity against all the tested fungi, with inhibition rates of 76.7%, 82.7%, 97.1%, 66.3%, 74.7%, 93.9%, 76.7% and 93.3%, respectively, showing better or comparable antifungal activity than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothanil. Besides, the E-Z isomers of the target oxime esters were found to show obvious differences in antifungal activity. These results provide an encouraging framework that could lead to the development of potent novel antifungal agents.

Instability of expanded simple tandem repeats is induced in cell culture by a variety of agents: N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea, benzo(a)pyrene, etoposide and okadaic acid

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Polyzos, Aris [Environmental Health Centre, Environmental and occupational Toxicology Division, Health Canada, Tunney' s Pasture, P.L. 0803A, Ottawa, Ont., K1A 0L2 (Canada); Parfett, Craig [Environmental Health Centre, Environmental and occupational Toxicology Division, Health Canada, Tunney' s Pasture, P.L. 0803A, Ottawa, Ont., K1A 0L2 (Canada); Healy, Caroline [Environmental Health Centre, Environmental and occupational Toxicology Division, Health Canada, Tunney' s Pasture, P.L. 0803A, Ottawa, Ont., K1A 0L2 (Canada); Douglas, George R. [Environmental Health Centre, Environmental and occupational Toxicology Division, Health Canada, Tunney' s Pasture, P.L. 0803A, Ottawa, Ont., K1A 0L2 (Canada); Yauk, Carole L. [Environmental Health Centre, Environmental and occupational Toxicology Division, Health Canada, Tunney' s Pasture, P.L. 0803A, Ottawa, Ont., K1A 0L2 (Canada)]. E-mail: Carole_Yauk@hc-sc.gc.ca

2006-06-25

Expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) sequences have proven useful biomarkers to detect genotoxicity in vivo. Their high sensitivity has been used to assess environmentally relevant doses of mutagens such as ionizing radiation, DNA alkylating agents and airborne particulate pollution, for germline mutations in mouse assays. The mutagenic response involves size alteration of these ESTR loci induced by agents causing a variety of cellular damage. The mechanistic aspects of this induced instability remain unclear and have not been studied in detail. Mechanistic knowledge is important to help understand the relevance of increased ESTR mutation frequencies. In this study, we applied a murine cell culture system to examine induced response to four agents exhibiting different modes of toxic action including: N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), okadaic acid and etoposide at slightly sub-toxic levels. We used single-molecule-polymerase chain reaction (SM-PCR) to assess the relative mutant frequency after 4-week chemical treatments at the Ms6-hm ESTR sequence of cultured C3H/10T1/2 cells (a mouse embryonic cell line). Increased mutation was observed with both 0.64 mM ENU (1.95-fold increase, P < 0.0001), 1 {mu}M benzo(a)pyrene (1.87-fold increase, P = 0.0006) and 3 nM etoposide (1.89-fold increase, P = 0.0003). The putative ESTR mutagen okadaic acid (1.27-fold increase, P = 0.2289), administered at 0.5 nM, did not affect the C3H/10T1/2 Ms6-hm locus. Therefore, agents inducing small and bulky adducts, and indirectly causing strand breaks through inhibition of topoisomerase, caused similar induction of instability at an ESTR locus at matched toxicities. As size spectra for induced mutations were identical, the data indicate that although these chemicals exhibit distinct modes of action, a similar indirect process is influencing ESTR instability. In contrast, a potent tumour promoter that is a kinase inhibitor does not contribute to induced ESTR instability in

Instability of expanded simple tandem repeats is induced in cell culture by a variety of agents: N-Nitroso-N-ethylurea, benzo(a)pyrene, etoposide and okadaic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Polyzos, Aris; Parfett, Craig; Healy, Caroline; Douglas, George R.; Yauk, Carole L.

2006-01-01

Expanded simple tandem repeat (ESTR) sequences have proven useful biomarkers to detect genotoxicity in vivo. Their high sensitivity has been used to assess environmentally relevant doses of mutagens such as ionizing radiation, DNA alkylating agents and airborne particulate pollution, for germline mutations in mouse assays. The mutagenic response involves size alteration of these ESTR loci induced by agents causing a variety of cellular damage. The mechanistic aspects of this induced instability remain unclear and have not been studied in detail. Mechanistic knowledge is important to help understand the relevance of increased ESTR mutation frequencies. In this study, we applied a murine cell culture system to examine induced response to four agents exhibiting different modes of toxic action including: N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), okadaic acid and etoposide at slightly sub-toxic levels. We used single-molecule-polymerase chain reaction (SM-PCR) to assess the relative mutant frequency after 4-week chemical treatments at the Ms6-hm ESTR sequence of cultured C3H/10T1/2 cells (a mouse embryonic cell line). Increased mutation was observed with both 0.64 mM ENU (1.95-fold increase, P < 0.0001), 1 μM benzo(a)pyrene (1.87-fold increase, P = 0.0006) and 3 nM etoposide (1.89-fold increase, P = 0.0003). The putative ESTR mutagen okadaic acid (1.27-fold increase, P = 0.2289), administered at 0.5 nM, did not affect the C3H/10T1/2 Ms6-hm locus. Therefore, agents inducing small and bulky adducts, and indirectly causing strand breaks through inhibition of topoisomerase, caused similar induction of instability at an ESTR locus at matched toxicities. As size spectra for induced mutations were identical, the data indicate that although these chemicals exhibit distinct modes of action, a similar indirect process is influencing ESTR instability. In contrast, a potent tumour promoter that is a kinase inhibitor does not contribute to induced ESTR instability in cell

Synthesis of (19E)-3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-19-al 19-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime, a new hapten for 7 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one).

Science.gov (United States)

Pouzar, V; Slavíková, T; Cerńy, I

1998-09-01

The title compound was prepared in 11 steps from 17,17-ethylenedioxy-19-hydroxyandrost-5-en-3 beta-yl acetate. After tert-butyldimethylsilyl protection of the 19-hydroxyl group, a 7-oxo group was introduced by oxidation with 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-chromium trioxide complex, and then selectively reduced with L-Selectride to give a 7 alpha-hydroxy derivative. This partially protected triol was acetylated and desilylated to 3,7-diacetate. Subsequent oxidation with pyridine-chromium trioxide complex gave 19-aldehyde, which was transformed into the corresponding protected 19-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime. Successive ketal cleavage, deacetylation, and methyl ester splitting gave the final (19E)-3 beta,7 alpha-dihydroxy-17-oxoandrost-5-en-19-al 19-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime, designed as a hapten for 7 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone immunoassays.

Evaluation and Computational Characterization of the Faciliated Transport of Glc Carbon C-1 Oxime Reactivators Across a Blood Brain Barrier Model

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-01

blood brain barrier (BBB) to reactivate inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). We selected glucose (Glc) transporters (GLUT) for this purpose as...Eur. J. Pharm. 332 (1997) 43–52. [4] N.J. Abbott , L. Ronnback, E. Hansson, Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood –brain barrier, Nat. Rev...5a. CONTRACT NUMBER oxime reactivators across a blood brain barrier model 5b. GRANT NUMBER 1.E005.08.WR 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S

Efeitos do óxido nitroso em hipotensão controlada durante anestesia com baixo fluxo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Semiha Barçın

2013-04-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Investigamos o efeito do óxido nitroso (N2O em hipotensão controlada durante anestesia com baixo fluxo (isoflurano-dexmedetomidina em termos de hemodinâmica, consumo de anestésico e custos. MÉTODOS: Quarenta pacientes foram randomicamente alocados em dois grupos. Infusão de dexmedetomidina (0,1 µg.kg-1.min-1 foi mantida por 10 minutos. Subsequentemente, essa infusão foi mantida até os últimos 30 minutos de operação a uma dose de 0,7 µg.kg-1.hora-1. Tiopental (4-6 mg.kg-1 e brometo de vecurônio (0,08 0,12 mg.kg-1 foram administrados na indução de ambos os grupos. Isoflurano (2% foi administrado para manutenção da anestesia. O Grupo N recebeu uma mistura de 50% de O2-N2O e o Grupo A recebeu uma mistura de 50% de O2-ar como gás de transporte. Anestesia com baixo fluxo (1 L.min-1 foi iniciada após um período de 10 minutos de alto fluxo inicial (4,4 L.min-1. Os valores de pressão arterial, frequência cardíaca, saturação periférica de O2, isoflurano inspiratório e expiratório, O2 inspiratório e expiratório, N2O inspiratório e expiratório, CO2 inspiratório, concentração de CO2 após expiração e concentração alveolar mínima foram registrados. Além disso, as taxas de consumo total de fentanil, dexmedetomidina e isoflurano, bem como de hemorragia, foram determinadas. RESULTADOS: A frequência cardíaca diminuiu em ambos os grupos após a carga de dexmedetomidina. Após a intubação, os valores do Grupo A foram maiores nos minutos um, três, cinco, 10 e 15. Após a intubação, os valores de hipotensão desejados foram alcançados em 5 minutos no Grupo N e em 20 minutos no grupo A. Os valores da CAM foram mais altos no Grupo N nos minutos um, três, cinco, 10 e 15 (p < 0,05. Os valores da FiO2 foram mais altos entre 5 e 60 minutos no Grupo A, enquanto foram mais altos no Grupo N aos 90 minutos (p < 0,05. Os valores de Fi Iso (isoflurano inspiratório foram menores no Grupo N nos minutos

Antimutagenic components in Glycyrrhiza against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the Ames assay.

Science.gov (United States)

Inami, Keiko; Mine, Yusuke; Kojo, Yukiko; Tanaka, Satomi; Ishikawa, Satoko; Mochizuki, Masataka

2017-03-01

Antimutagenesis against N-nitroso compounds contribute to prevention of human cancer. We have found that Glycyrrhiza aspera ethanolic extract exhibits antimutagenic activity against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) using the Ames assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. In the present study, eight purified components from Glycyrrhiza, namely glabridin, glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, licochalcone A, licoricesaponin H2, licoricesaponin G2, liquiritigenin and liquiritin were evaluated for their antimutagenicity against MNU in the Ames assay with S. typhimurium TA1535. Glycyrrhetinic acid, glycyrrhizin, licoricesaponin G2, licoricesaponin H2 and liquiritin did not show the antimutagenicity against MNU in S. typhimurium TA1535. Glabridin, licochalcone A and liquiritigenin reduced revertant colonies derived from MNU in S. typhimurium TA1535 without showing cytotoxic effects, indicating that these compounds possess antimutagenic activity against MNU. The inhibitory activity of glabridin and licochalcone A was more effective than that of liquiritigenin. Thus, Glycyrrhiza contains antimutagenic components against DNA alkylating, direct-acting carcinogens.

Reactions of Cp2MCl2 (M=Ti or Zr with Imine-Oxime Ligands. Formation of Metallacycles

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C. Tripathi

2005-07-01

Full Text Available The reactions of bis(cyclopentadienyltitanium(IV/zirconium(IV dichloridewith a series of imine-oxime ligands (LH2, derived by condensing benzil-α-monoxime and2-phenylenediamine, 4-phenylenediamine, 4-methyl-2-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diamino-pyridine, have been studied in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran in the presence of base andmetallocycles of the [Cp2M(L] (M=Ti or Zr type have been isolated. Tentative structureshave been proposed for the products based on elemental analysis, electrical conductance andspectral (electronic, IR and 1H-NMR data. Proton NMR spectra indicate that on the NMRtime scale there is rapid rotation of the cyclopentadienyl ring around the metal-ring axis at25oC. Studies were conducted to assess the growth inhibiting potential of the complexessynthesized and the ligands against various bacterial strains.

The effect of the conditions of amidoximation on the adsorptive characteristics of amide oxime resin for uranium recovery from seawater

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hori, Takahiro; Furusaki, Shintaro; Sugo, Takanobu; Okamoto, Jiro.

1987-01-01

A hollow-fiber type chelating resin containing the amide oxime group for the recovery of uranium from seawater was synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization. The effect of the conditions of amidoximation on the amount and/or distribution of the functional groups and on the durability to the recycle adsorption was investigated. The amount of adsorbed copper on the resin increased with the reaction time of the amidoximation, but that of adsorbed hydrochloric acid gradually decreased after reaching the maximum. From the results of elemental analysis, infrared adsorption spectra, visible light and ultraviolet adsorption spectra and the observation of coloration of the resin by alkaline treatment, the amidoximation was found to be a consecutive reaction. The results also suggested that, after the introduction of the amide oxime group, the acidic amide, hydroxamic acid and/or cyclic functional groups were formed. From the measurement of the distribution of adsorbed copper by X-ray microanalyzer, it was confirmed that the amidoximation occured uniformly across the resin. An experiment was carried out on the recycle adsorption of the amide oxime resin using natural seawater, and the sufficient durability was recognized for the case that the resin was taken out from the hydroxylamine solution at the time when the amount of adsorbed hydrochloric acid reached the maximum. In this case the resin contained the largest amount of the amide oxime group and least amount of the by-products formed from the secondary reactions. (author)

[Definition of parameters of the condition of oxidizing stress in smooth muscle cells under influence of exogenous nitroso-glutatyon in vitro].

Science.gov (United States)

Kapilevich, L V; Nosarev, A V; D'iakova, E Iu; Andrushkevich, V V; Nasedkina, A K; Nosareva, O L; Davlet'iarova, K V; Ogorodova, L M; Kovalev, I V; Baskakov, M B; Medvedev, M A

2007-08-01

Influence of exogenous nitroso-glutatyon on intensity of oxidizing processes in smooth muscles of colon and bronchial tubes in intact and atopic sensitised porpoises (guinea pigs) was studied. In sensitised porpoises, antioxidant protection has been initially reduced against the background of increased maintenance of products of oxidizing that reflects a picture of oxidizing damage and can be associated with an inflammatory process. In incubation with nitroso-glutatyon, a decrease in activities of syperoxiddismutase and catalase is marked and, in sensitised animals, this effect has been expressed to a lesser degree. Syperoxiddismutase and catalase are antioxidant for the enzymes participating in protection of cells from free-radical damage. A dose-dependence decrease in activity catalase and syperoxiddismutase is defined by a parity of the enzymes participating in disintegration of nitrosoglutatyon and the enzymes which have kept antioxidant activity.

Spectrophotometric determination of metal complexes of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol in micellar medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shar, G.A.; Bhanger, M.I.

2002-01-01

Spectrophotometric determination of iron(III), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) is carried out with 1-nitroso-2-naphthol as complexing reagent in aqueous phase using non-ionic surfactant Tween 40. This replaces a tedious and time consuming solvent extraction method, because these solvents are costly and also toxic. Beer's law was obeyed, for Fe(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) over the range 0.5 - 4.0, 0.5 - 4.0 and 0.12 - 3.0 micro g ml/sup -1/ with detection limit (2 sigma ) of 3.3, 5.8 and 3.1 ng ml/sup -1/ respectively. The lambda /sub max/ molar absorption, molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity of Fe(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) were (lambda /sub max/ 446 nm), (lambda/sub max/ 483.5 nm) and (lambda/sub max/ 444.5 nm); sigma/sub max/ x 10/sp 4/ mol/sp -1/ cm/sup -1/) is 1.69, 1.0 and 1.86, 3.3, 5.8 and 3.1 ng cm/sup -2/, respectively. The pH at which the complex is formed for Fe(III), Ni(II) and Co(II) is 1, 8 and 5 respectively. The critical micelle concentration (cmc) of 1-nitroso-2-naphthol is 5% solution. The present method is compared with that of atomic absorption spectroscopy and no significant difference is noted between the two methods at 95% confidence level. The method has been applied to the determination of iron(III), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) in pharmaceutical and industrial wastewater samples. (author)

In Vitro Ability of Currently Available Oximes to Reactivate Organophosphate Pesticide-Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

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Kamil Musilek

2011-03-01

Full Text Available We have in vitro tested the ability of common, commercially available, cholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime, obidoxime, methoxime, trimedoxime and HI-6 to reactivate human acetylcholinesterase (AChE, inhibited by five structurally different organophosphate pesticides and inhibitors (paraoxon, dichlorvos, DFP, leptophos-oxon and methamidophos. We also tested reactivation of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE with the aim of finding a potent oxime, suitable to serve as a “pseudocatalytic” bioscavenger in combination with this enzyme. Such a combination could allow an increase of prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the administered enzyme. According to our results, the best broad-spectrum AChE reactivators were trimedoxime and obidoxime in the case of paraoxon, leptophos-oxon, and methamidophos-inhibited AChE. Methamidophos and leptophos-oxon were quite easily reactivatable by all tested reactivators. In the case of methamidophos-inhibited AChE, the lower oxime concentration (10−5 M had higher reactivation ability than the 10−4 M concentration. Therefore, we evaluated the reactivation ability of obidoxime in a concentration range of 10−3–10−7 M. The reactivation of methamidophos-inhibited AChE with different obidoxime concentrations resulted in a bell shaped curve with maximum reactivation at 10−5 M. In the case of BChE, no reactivator exceeded 15% reactivation ability and therefore none of the oximes can be recommended as a candidate for “pseudocatalytic” bioscavengers with BChE.

The Design, Synthesis and Screening of Potential Pyridinium Oxime Prodrugs

Science.gov (United States)

1984-02-01

Our intent is to take advantage of this trapping mechanism using nucleophiles (X) such as SCN, SO3H, I, Br and OCN, which we hope will be as labile...pH 3.5-10.5. The advantage of the system stemmed from the fact that each pyridinium oxime regenerator has a discrete -max which is pH dependent. 2-PAM...with matching 3 cm guard columns. Normal phase analysis was performed "on an Alltech 0.5 x 25 cm silica gel 10 p column with 3 cm guard column and

A comparative technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime SPET study in different types of dementia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Habert, M O; Piketty, M L; Askienazy, S [Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France). Dept. de Medecine Nucleaire; Spampinato, U; Mas, J L; Recondo, J de; Rondot, P [Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France). Dept. de Neurologie; Bourdel, M C [Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France). Dept. de Psychiatrie

1991-01-01

Regional cerebral perfusion was evaluated by single photon emission tomography (SPET) using technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) as a tracer, in 13 control subjects and 44 age-matched patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT, n=19) presumed Pick's disease (n=5), idiopathic Parkinson's disease with dementia (DPD, n=15) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n=5), HMPAO uptake was measured in the superior frontal, inferior frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices, and the perfusion values were expressed as cortical/cerebellar activity ratios. As compared with controls, tracer uptake ratios in the DAT group were signficantly reduced over all cortical regions, with the largest defects in the parieto-temporal and superior frontal cortices. A marked hypoperfusion affecting the superior and inferior frontal cortices was found in Pick's diesease, whereas a mild but significant hypoperfusion was observed only in the superior frontal cortex of patients with PSP. In the DPD group, HMPAO uptake was significantly reduced in the parietal, temporal and occipital cortices, but not in the frontal cortex. These results show that DAT and DPD share the opposite anteroposterior HMPAO uptake defect as compared with the Pick's and PSP groups. (orig.).

Cp*Co(III) Catalyzed Site-Selective C-H Activation of Unsymmetrical O-Acyl Oximes: Synthesis of Multisubstituted Isoquinolines from Terminal and Internal Alkynes.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Bo; Yoshino, Tatsuhiko; Kanai, Motomu; Matsunaga, Shigeki

2015-10-26

The synthesis of isoquinolines by site-selective C-H activation of O-acyl oximes with a Cp*Co(III) catalyst is described. In the presence of this catalyst, the C-H activation of various unsymmetrically substituted O-acyl oximes selectively occurred at the sterically less hindered site, and reactions with terminal as well as internal alkynes afforded the corresponding products in up to 98 % yield. Whereas the reactions catalyzed by the Cp*Co(III) system proceeded with high site selectivity (15:1 to 20:1), use of the corresponding Cp*Rh(III) catalysts led to low selectivities and/or yields when unsymmetrical O-acyl oximes and terminal alkynes were used. Deuterium labeling studies indicate a clear difference in the site selectivity of the C-H activation step under Cp*Co(III) and Cp*Rh(III) catalysis. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Energetics of Ortho-7 (oxime drug translocation through the active-site gorge of tabun conjugated acetylcholinesterase.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vivek Sinha

Full Text Available Oxime drugs translocate through the 20 Å active-site gorge of acetylcholinesterase in order to liberate the enzyme from organophosphorus compounds' (such as tabun conjugation. Here we report bidirectional steered molecular dynamics simulations of oxime drug (Ortho-7 translocation through the gorge of tabun intoxicated enzyme, in which time dependent external forces accelerate the translocation event. The simulations reveal the participation of drug-enzyme hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions and water bridges between them. Employing nonequilibrium theorems that recovers the free energy from irreversible work done, we reconstruct potential of mean force along the translocation pathway such that the desired quantity represents an unperturbed system. The potential locates the binding sites and barriers for the drug to translocate inside the gorge. Configurational entropic contribution of the protein-drug binding entity and the role of solvent translational mobility in the binding energetics is further assessed.

Quantitative structure carcinogenicity relationship for detecting structural alerts in nitroso-compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Helguera, Aliuska Morales; Cordeiro, M. Natalia D.S.; Perez, Miguel Angel Cabrera; Combes, Robert D.; Gonzalez, Maykel Perez

2008-01-01

In this work, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) modelling was used as a tool for predicting the carcinogenic potency of a set of 39 nitroso-compounds, which have been bioassayed in male rats by using the oral route of administration. The optimum QSAR model provided evidence of good fit and performance of predicitivity from training set. It was able to account for about 84% of the variance in the experimental activity and exhibited high values of the determination coefficients of cross validations, leave one out and bootstrapping (q 2 LOO = 78.53 and q 2 Boot = 74.97). Such a model was based on spectral moments weighted with Gasteiger-Marsilli atomic charges, polarizability and hydrophobicity, as well as with Abraham indexes, specifically the summation solute hydrogen bond basicity and the combined dipolarity/polarizability. This is the first study to have explored the possibility of combining Abraham solute descriptors with spectral moments. A reasonable interpretation of these molecular descriptors from a toxicological point of view was achieved by means of taking into account bond contributions. The set of relationships so derived revealed the importance of the length of the alkyl chains for determining carcinogenic potential of the chemicals analysed, and were able to explain the difference between mono-substituted and di-substituted nitrosoureas as well as to discriminate between isomeric structures with hydroxyl-alkyl and alkyl substituents in different positions. Moreover, they allowed the recognition of structural alerts in classical structures of two potent nitrosamines, consistent with their biotransformation. These results indicate that this new approach has the potential for improving carcinogenicity predictions based on the identification of structural alerts

A comparative technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime SPET study in different types of dementia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Habert, M.O.; Piketty, M.L.; Askienazy, S. (Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France). Dept. de Medecine Nucleaire); Spampinato, U.; Mas, J.L.; Recondo, J. de; Rondot, P. (Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France). Dept. de Neurologie); Bourdel, M.C. (Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne, 75 - Paris (France). Dept. de Psychiatrie)

1991-01-01

Regional cerebral perfusion was evaluated by single photon emission tomography (SPET) using technetium 99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) as a tracer, in 13 control subjects and 44 age-matched patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT, n=19) presumed Pick's disease (n=5), idiopathic Parkinson's disease with dementia (DPD, n=15) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n=5), HMPAO uptake was measured in the superior frontal, inferior frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital cortices, and the perfusion values were expressed as cortical/cerebellar activity ratios. As compared with controls, tracer uptake ratios in the DAT group were signficantly reduced over all cortical regions, with the largest defects in the parieto-temporal and superior frontal cortices. A marked hypoperfusion affecting the superior and inferior frontal cortices was found in Pick's diesease, whereas a mild but significant hypoperfusion was observed only in the superior frontal cortex of patients with PSP. In the DPD group, HMPAO uptake was significantly reduced in the parietal, temporal and occipital cortices, but not in the frontal cortex. These results show that DAT and DPD share the opposite anteroposterior HMPAO uptake defect as compared with the Pick's and PSP groups. (orig.).

Synthesis of a hollow fiber type porous chelating resin containing the amide oxime group by radiation induced graft polymerization for the uranium recovery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hori, Takahiro; Saito, Kyoichi; Furusaki, Shintaro; Sugo, Takanobu; Okamoto, Jiro.

1986-01-01

A hollow fiber type porous chelating resin containing amide oxime as a functional group was synthesized and used as an adsorbent for the recovery of uranium. Hollow fiber type porous polyethylene was used as a base polymer. Acrylonitrile was grafted onto it by the radiation-induced graft polymerization. By changing the reaction time, four kinds of graft polymer were obtained. The degree of grafting ranged from 79 % to 127 %. Each resin was soaked in hydroxylamine solution, and the cyano group was converted to amide oxime group. By elemental analysis, the amount of nitrogen introduced on the graft polymer resin in amidoximation was determined to range from 4.3 mmol to 8.5 mmol per 1 g of base polymer. Most of the nitrogen is considered to belong to the amide oxime group. The pore radius, which was initially distributed broadly from about 500 A to 10000 A for the base polymer, was changed to about 1000 A with narrow distribution by the grafting. The pore volume was 1.2 ∼ 1.4 cm 3 per 1 gram of the amide oxime resin, which was about half of that of the initial base polymer. But the pore volume per 1 g base polymer of the amide oxime resin increased with an increase in the grafting degree, e.g. 4.5 cm 3 /g base polymer at 127 % of grafting degree. Specific surface area, which was 30 m 2 /g in base polymer, decreased with an increase in the grafting degree, e.g. 15 m 2 /g at 127 % of grafting degree. Both the amounts of the adsorbed hydrochloric acid and the adsorbed copper were about 1.5 times of the amount of nitrogen introduced in the amidoximation. The reason is considered to be caused by the formation of hydroxamic acid and amide from the measurements of the IR spectra. The amount of uranium adsorbed on the resin was 64 % of the amount of nitrogen introduced in the amidoximation. (author)

Kinetic analysis of interactions of paraoxon and oximes with human, Rhesus monkey, swine, rabbit, rat and guinea pig acetylcholinesterase.

Science.gov (United States)

Worek, Franz; Aurbek, Nadine; Wille, Timo; Eyer, Peter; Thiermann, Horst

2011-01-15

Previous in vitro studies showed marked species differences in the reactivating efficiency of oximes between human and animal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by organophosphorus (OP) nerve agents. These findings provoked the present in vitro study which was designed to determine the inhibition, aging, spontaneous and oxime-induced reactivation kinetics of the pesticide paraoxon, serving as a model compound for diethyl-OP, and the oximes obidoxime, pralidoxime, HI 6 and MMB-4 with human, Rhesus monkey, swine, rabbit, rat and guinea pig erythrocyte AChE. Comparable results were obtained with human and monkey AChE. Differences between human, swine, rabbit, rat and guinea pig AChE were determined for the inhibition and reactivation kinetics. A six-fold difference of the inhibitory potency of paraoxon with human and guinea pig AChE was recorded while only moderate differences of the reactivation constants between human and animal AChE were determined. Obidoxime was by far the most effective reactivator with all tested species. Only minor species differences were found for the aging and spontaneous reactivation kinetics. The results of the present study underline the necessity to determine the inhibition, aging and reactivation kinetics in vitro as a basis for the development of meaningful therapeutic animal models, for the proper assessment of in vivo animal data and for the extrapolation of animal data to humans. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Docking and molecular dynamics studies of peripheral site ligand–oximes as reactivators of sarin-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Almeida, J.S.F.D. de; Cuya Guizado, T.R.; Guimarães, A.P.; Ramalho, T.C.; Gonçalves, A.S.; Koning, M.C. de; França, T.C.C.

2016-01-01

In the present work, we performed docking and molecular dynamics simulations studies on two groups of long-tailored oximes designed as peripheral site binders of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and potential penetrators on the blood brain barrier. Our studies permitted to determine how the tails anchor

40 CFR 721.10055 - 1-Propanaminium, 3-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-soya acyl derivs., inner salts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-soya acyl derivs., inner salts. 721.10055 Section 721.10055 Protection of...-amino-N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-soya acyl derivs., inner salts. (a) Chemical substance and...-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-soya acyl derivs., inner salts (PMN P-03-46; CAS No. 136504-87-5) is subject to...

Bis[μ-(E-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethylidenehydroxyamine]-κ2N1:N3;κ2N3:N1-bis{[(E-N-(pyridin-3-ylmethylidene-κNhydroxyamine]silver(I} dinitrate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shan Gao

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In the centrosymmetric dinuclear title AgI compound, [Ag2(C6H6N2O4](NO32, the aromatic amine-coordinated AgI atom is further bridged by two hydroxylamine molecules that use aromatic and oxime N atoms for bridging, and it exists in a distorted trigonal-planar geometry. In the crystal, the nitrate anions link to the dinuclear compound molecules via O—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating a chain running along the a-axis direction.

Occurrence of volatile and non-volatile N-nitrosamines in processed meat products and the role of heat treatment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Herrmann, Susan Strange; Duedahl-Olesen, Lene; Granby, Kit

2015-01-01

-nitrosoproline (NPRO), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) and N-nitrosomethylaniline (NMA) depending on the type of product and/or the heat treatment. The levels of the NVNA, NTCA and N-nitroso-2-methyl-thiazolidine 4-carboxylic acid (NMTCA) decreased after frying...

Theoretical study of the nucleophilic addition of oximes to the nitrile complexes trans-/cis-[ReCl4(NCCH3)2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Klestova-Nadeeva, E. A.; Kuznetsov, M. L.; Dement'ev, A. I.

2005-01-01

The reaction of nucleophilic addition of oximes (HON=CRR 1 ) to organic nitriles coordinated in the rhenium complexes trans-/cis-[ReCl 4 (NCCH 3 ) 2 ] was theoretically studied by the Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (B3LYP) methods. The reaction mechanism involves (I) the initial change of the oxime conformation; (II) the formation of the orientation complex with the coordinated nitrile molecule, which transforms into a four-membered transition state; (III) the formation of the addition product in a less stable conformation; and (IV) the formation of the ultimate addition product. The calculations make it possible to interpret the activation of nitriles in terms of the activated complex theory as a result of stabilization of the transition state in going from the free to the coordinated nitrile [ru

Nitrate intake does not influence bladder cancer risk: The Netherlands Cohort Study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zeegers, M.P.; Selen, R.F.M.; Kleinjans, J.C.S.; Goldbohm, R.A.; Brandt, P.A. van den

2006-01-01

Objectives: N-nitroso compounds, endogenously formed from nitrate-derived nitrite, are suspected to be important bladder carcinogens. However, the association between nitrate exposure from food or drinking water and bladder cancer has not been substantially investigated in epidemiologic studies.

Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity of S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinic acid-containing alginate/chitosan nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Seabra, Amedea B.; Fabbri, Giulia K.; Pelegrino, Milena T.; Silva, Letícia C.; Rodrigues, Tiago

2017-06-01

Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous free radical, which plays key roles in several biological processes including vasodilation, neurotransmission, inhibition of platelet adhesion, cytotoxicity against pathogens, wound healing, and defense against cancer. Due to the relative instability of NO in vivo (half-life of ca. 0.5 seconds), there is an increasing interest in the development of low molecular weight NO donors, such as S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), which are able to prolong and preserve the biological activities of NO in vivo. In order to enhance the sustained NO release in several biomedical applications, RSNOs have been successfully allied to nanomaterials. In this context, this work describes the synthesis and characterization of the NO donor S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinic acid (S-nitroso-MSA), which belongs to the class of RSNOs, and its incorporation in polymeric biodegradable nanoparticles composed by alginate/chitosan. First, chitosan nanoparticles were obtained by gelation process with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), followed by the addition of the alginate layer, to enhance the nanoparticle protection. The obtained nanoparticles presented a hydrodynamic diameter of 343 ± 38 nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.36 ± 0.1, and zeta potential of - 30.3 ± 0.4 mV, indicating their thermal stability in aqueous suspension. The negative zeta potential value was assigned to the presence of alginate chains on the surface of chitosan/TPP nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency of the NO donor into the polymeric nanoparticles was found to be 98 ± 0.2%. The high encapsulation efficiency value was attributed to the positive interactions between the NO donor and the polymeric content of the nanoparticles. Kinetics of NO release from the nanoparticles revealed a spontaneous and sustained release of therapeutic amounts of NO, for several hours under physiological temperature. The incubation of NO-releasing alginate/chitosan nanoparticles with human hepatocellular carcinoma

Nitroso Diels-Alder (NDA) Reaction as an Efficient Tool for the Functionalization of Diene-Containing Natural Products

Science.gov (United States)

Carosso, Serena; Miller, Marvin J.

2014-01-01

This review describes the use of nitroso Diels-Alder reactions for the functionalization of complex diene-containing natural products in order to generate libraries of compounds with potential biological activity. The application of this methodology to the structural modification of a series of natural products (thebaine, steroidal dienes, rapamycin, leucomycin, colchicine, isocolchicine and piperine) is discussed using relevant examples from the literature from 1973 onwards. The biological activity of the resulting compounds is also discussed. Additional comments are provided that evaluate the methodology as a useful tool in organic, bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. PMID:25119424

Meat and fat intake and pancreatic cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Heinen, M.M.; Verhage, B.A.J.; Goldbohm, R.A.; Brandt, P.A. van den

2009-01-01

Meat contains numerous carcinogens, such as heterocyclic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and N-nitroso compounds, which can be derived either from natural food or during the process of food preparation. These carcinogens may increase pancreatic cancer risk. Furthermore, studies in animals

Crystal Structure and Hydrogen Bonding Study of (10E-2,2-Dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione 10-Oxime Derived From a-Lapachone

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lorenzo C. Visentin

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The compound (10E-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[g]chromene-5,10-dione-10-oxime (1 was synthesized from a-lapachone and hydroxylamine chloride in alkaline medium. Single-crystals suitable for X-ray diffraction measurements were grown from an ethanol solution, and the crystal structure of the title molecule is reported for the first time. The title molecule was also characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR in CDCl3 solution, FTIR and MS. The crystal structure of 1 shows an E stereochemistry and dimers formed through classical hydrogen bonds.

Pyruvic oxime nitrification and copper and nickel resistance by a Cupriavidus pauculus, an active heterotrophic nitrifier-denitrifier.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramirez, Miguel; Obrzydowski, Jennifer; Ayers, Mary; Virparia, Sonia; Wang, Meijing; Stefan, Kurtis; Linchangco, Richard; Castignetti, Domenic

2014-01-01

Heterotrophic nitrifiers synthesize nitrogenous gasses when nitrifying ammonium ion. A Cupriavidus pauculus, previously thought an Alcaligenes sp. and noted as an active heterotrophic nitrifier-denitrifier, was examined for its ability to produce nitrogen gas (N2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) while heterotrophically nitrifying the organic substrate pyruvic oxime [CH3-C(NOH)-COOH]. Neither N2 nor N2O were produced. Nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the organism is a member of a genus (Cupriavidus) known for its resistance to metals and its metabolism of xenobiotics. The microbe (a Cupriavidus pauculus designated as C. pauculus strain UM1) was examined for its ability to perform heterotrophic nitrification in the presence of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) and to metabolize the xenobiotic phenol. The bacterium heterotrophically nitrified well when either 1 mM Cu(2+) or 0.5 mM Ni(2+) was present in either enriched or minimal medium. The organism also used phenol as a sole carbon source in either the presence or absence of 1 mM Cu(2+) or 0.5 mM Ni(2+). The ability of this isolate to perform a number of different metabolisms, its noteworthy resistance to copper and nickel, and its potential use as a bioremediation agent are discussed.

Differential pulse polarographic determination of molybdenum (VI) in phosphoric medium by benzoin alpha oxime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chergouche, S.

1992-02-01

The extraction of Molybdenum (VI) using both 4-Methylpentane-2-one (hexone) and chloroform dissolved Benzoin-alpha-oxime has been investigated in order to develop a simple and sensitive polarographic method allowing the analysis of Molybdenum (VI) contained in industrial phosphoric acid produced in ANNABA (Eastern Algeria). The investigation takes into account various parameters such as: The stirring time, solvent rate, the number of stages ... as well as the organic phase conditioning during the polarographic analysis

On δ-derivations of n-ary algebras

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaygorodov, Ivan B

2012-01-01

We give a description of δ-derivations of (n+1)-dimensional n-ary Filippov algebras and, as a consequence, of simple finite-dimensional Filippov algebras over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. We also give new examples of non-trivial δ-derivations of Filippov algebras and show that there are no non-trivial δ-derivations of the simple ternary Mal'tsev algebra M 8 .

Lie n-derivations on 7 -subspace lattice algebras

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

all x ∈ K and all A ∈ Alg L. Based on this result, a complete characterization of linear n-Lie derivations on Alg L is obtained. Keywords. J -subspace lattice algebras; Lie derivations; Lie n-derivations; derivations. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 47B47, 47L35. 1. Introduction. Let A be an algebra. Recall that a linear ...

Efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso na anestesia durante pneumoperitônio em intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica Efectos de la adición del óxido nitroso en la anestesia durante pneumoperitoneo en intervención quirúrgica videolaparoscópica Consequences of the addition of nitrous oxide to anesthesia during pneumoperitoneum in videolaparoscopic surgeries

OpenAIRE

Cláudia Regina Fernandes; Lenilson Marinho Souza Filho; Josenilia Maria Alves Gomes; Erik Leite Messias; Rodrigo Dornfeld Escalante

2007-01-01

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A instalação do pneumoperitônio durante intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica induz à ativação de mecanismos neuroendócrinos, alterações cardiovasculares e hormonais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso sobre a resposta simpática cardiovascular e a concentração expirada de sevoflurano (CEsevo) durante o pneumoperitônio, objetivando manter adequação anestésica avaliada por meio de parâmetros hemodinâmicos, do BIS e SEF95% em c...

In Vitro Ability of Currently Available Oximes to Reactivate Organophosphate Pesticide-Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase and Butyrylcholinesterase

OpenAIRE

Kamil Musilek; Kamil Kuca; Daniel Jun; Lucie Musilova

2011-01-01

We have in vitro tested the ability of common, commercially available, cholinesterase reactivators (pralidoxime, obidoxime, methoxime, trimedoxime and HI-6) to reactivate human acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inhibited by five structurally different organophosphate pesticides and inhibitors (paraoxon, dichlorvos, DFP, leptophos-oxon and methamidophos). We also tested reactivation of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) with the aim of finding a potent oxime, suitable to serve as a “pseudocatalytic...

Cerebral uptake and retention of 99Tcsup(m)-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (99Tcsup(m)-HM-PAO)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holmes, R.A.; Chaplin, S.B.; Royston, K.G.; Missouri Univ., Columbia

1985-01-01

A new radiopharmaceutical, 99 Tcsup(m)-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ( 99 Tcsup(m)-HM-PAO) is described. This agent displays considerable promise for imaging cerebral blood flow. In studies in rats and one human volunteer, 99 Tcsup(m)-HM-PAO demonstrates good brain uptake, prolonged retention of activity in the brain, and slow regional redistribution. These properties suggest that this new radiopharmaceutical is ideal for single photon emission tomographic (SPECT) imaging of cerebral blood flow. (author)

Comparison of the oxime-induced reactivation of rhesus monkey, swine and guinea pig erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase following inhibition by sarin or paraoxon, using a perfusion model for the real-time determination of membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Herkert, Nadja M; Lallement, Guy; Clarençon, Didier; Thiermann, Horst; Worek, Franz

2009-04-28

Recently, a dynamically working in vitro model with real-time determination of membrane-bound human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was shown to be a versatile model to investigate oxime-induced reactivation kinetics of organophosphate- (OP) inhibited enzyme. In this assay, AChE was immobilized on particle filters which were perfused with acetylthiocholine, Ellman's reagent and phosphate buffer. Subsequently, AChE activity was continuously analyzed in a flow-through detector. Now, it was an intriguing question whether this model could be used with erythrocyte AChE from other species in order to investigate kinetic interactions in the absence of annoying side reactions. Rhesus monkey, swine and guinea pig erythrocytes were a stable and highly reproducible enzyme source. Then, the model was applied to the reactivation of sarin- and paraoxon-inhibited AChE by obidoxime or HI 6 and it could be shown that the derived reactivation rate constants were in good agreement to previous results obtained from experiments with a static model. Hence, this dynamic model offers the possibility to investigate highly reproducible interactions between AChE, OP and oximes with human and animal AChE.

Intoxicación por organofosforados con necesidad de altas dosis de atropina y administración tardía de oximas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Andrés Leotau Rodríguez, MD

2010-01-01

Full Text Available La intoxicación por organofosforados es una de las causas más frecuentes de intoxicación en el mundo y una de las tres normas principales de suicidio, llegando a mortalidades cercanas al 15 %. Esta radica en la inhibición irreversible que sus componentes hacen en la enzima acetilcolinesterasa, llevando con ello a la aparición de signos y síntomas secundarios al exceso de acetilcolina en los sistemas donde actúa. Su manejo aún es controvertido y sigue basándoseen las medidas de descontaminación, utilización de atropina, oximas y benzodiacepinas, sin haber consenso en muchas de las dosis e intervalos de tiempo para la administración de estos medicamentos. En este artículo exponemos un caso en el cual se hace necesario utilizardosis e intervalos de administración de atropina y el uso tardío de las oximas. Con este caso se puede concluir que la administración tardía de oximas y la utilización de grandes cantidades de atropina pueden ser una alternativa en el manejo de este tipo de intoxicación.______________________________________________________________________Organophosphate poisoning is one of the most frequent causes of poisoning in the world and one of the three main forms of suicide, reaching roughly 15% mortality, this lies in the irreversible inhibition that make components in the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, leading thus the signs and symptoms secondary to excessive acetylcholine in the systems where it operates. Its management is still controversial and remains based on the decontaminationmeasures, use of atropine, oximes and benzodiazepines, no consensus on many of the doses and time intervals for administration of these drugs. In this article we present a case in which it becomes necessary to use dose and timing of administration of atropine and late use of oximes. In this case we can conclude that the late administration of oximes using grades and quantities of atropine may be an alternative in handling this type of

40 CFR 721.10193 - 1-Butanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-butyl-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false 1-Butanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N...-aminopropyl)-N-butyl-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts. (a) Chemical substance and...-aminopropyl)-N-butyl-N-(2-carboxyethyl)-, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts (PMN P-06-263, Chemical B; CAS No...

Separation of fission 99Mo by alpha-benzoin oxime precipitation in nitric medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaura, Mitiko; Freitas, Antonio A.; Egute, Nayara dos S.; Camilo, Ruth L.; Araujo, Izilda C.; Forbicini, Christina A.L.G. de O.

2011-01-01

Since 2009, the production of generators 99 Mo/ 99 mTc suffers a crisis of global supply due to technical problems of the two reactors which account for 64% of world production of fission 99 Mo. By the project of Brazilian Multipurpose Reactor (RMB), the Brazilian government invests in the construction of the first multipurpose reactor suitable for the domestic production of 99 Mo from LEU targets in order to supply of fission 99 Mo in the coming decades. The IPEN started the research of the technology and production of fission 99 Mo from acid and alkaline dissolutions of Low Enriched Uranium (LEU) targets as well as other used radioisotopes in nuclear medicine. This work is part of the research of the technology of the fission 99 Mo from acid dissolution of the LEU targets that is being developed at the IPEN. In this study the separation of the Mo by precipitation with alpha-benzoin oxime in nitric medium and the recovery by dissolution were investigated. The precipitation studies were performed by batch assays with nitric solution of Mo(VI), containing 99 Mo tracer, and uranyl ions. Influence of concentration of permanganate from 0.03 to 2.5%, dissolution temperature at 30 deg C and 150 deg C and the uranium concentration from 74 g.L -1 to 115 g.L -1 was studied. Results indicated that the precipitation of Mo with alpha-benzoin oxime from nitric medium is highly efficient, and its recovery by dissolution with basic solution of H 2 O 2 gave a high yield. (author)

Rapid chemical de-N-glycosylation and derivatization for liquid chromatography of immunoglobulin N-linked glycans.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Akihiko Kameyama

Full Text Available Glycan analysis may result in exploitation of glycan biomarkers and evaluation of heterogeneity of glycosylation of biopharmaceuticals. For N-linked glycan analysis, we investigated alkaline hydrolysis of the asparagine glycosyl carboxamide of glycoproteins as a deglycosylation reaction. By adding hydroxylamine into alkaline de-N-glycosylation, we suppressed the degradation of released glycans and obtained a mixture of oximes, free glycans, and glycosylamines. The reaction was completed within 1 h, and the mixture containing oximes was easily tagged with 2-aminobenzamide by reductive amination. Here, we demonstrated N-linked glycan analysis using this method for a monoclonal antibody, and examined whether this method could liberate glycans without degradation from apo-transferrin containing NeuAc and NeuGc and horseradish peroxidase containing Fuc α1-3 GlcNAc at the reducing end. Furthermore, we compared glycan recoveries between conventional enzymatic glycan release and this method. Increasing the reaction temperature and reaction duration led to degradation, whereas decreasing these parameters resulted in lower release. Considering this balance, we proposed to carry out the reaction at 80°C for 1 h for asialo glycoproteins from mammals and at 50°C for 1 h for sialoglycoproteins.

Pyruvic Oxime Nitrification and Copper and Nickel Resistance by a Cupriavidus pauculus, an Active Heterotrophic Nitrifier-Denitrifier

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ramirez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Heterotrophic nitrifiers synthesize nitrogenous gasses when nitrifying ammonium ion. A Cupriavidus pauculus, previously thought an Alcaligenes sp. and noted as an active heterotrophic nitrifier-denitrifier, was examined for its ability to produce nitrogen gas (N2 and nitrous oxide (N2O while heterotrophically nitrifying the organic substrate pyruvic oxime [CH3–C(NOH–COOH]. Neither N2 nor N2O were produced. Nucleotide and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the organism is a member of a genus (Cupriavidus known for its resistance to metals and its metabolism of xenobiotics. The microbe (a Cupriavidus pauculus designated as C. pauculus strain UM1 was examined for its ability to perform heterotrophic nitrification in the presence of Cu2+ and Ni2+ and to metabolize the xenobiotic phenol. The bacterium heterotrophically nitrified well when either 1 mM Cu2+ or 0.5 mM Ni2+ was present in either enriched or minimal medium. The organism also used phenol as a sole carbon source in either the presence or absence of 1 mM Cu2+ or 0.5 mM Ni2+. The ability of this isolate to perform a number of different metabolisms, its noteworthy resistance to copper and nickel, and its potential use as a bioremediation agent are discussed.

40 CFR 721.10056 - Benzenemethanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-soya acyl derivs., chlorides.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Benzenemethanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl...-aminopropyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, N-soya acyl derivs., chlorides. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as benzenemethanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-N,N...

Nitrate and Perchlorate Destruction and Potable Water Production Using Membrane Biofilm Reduction

Science.gov (United States)

2014-01-01

NDMA N-nitrosodimethylamine NDPA N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine ng/L nanograms per liter NO2- nitrite NO3- nitrate NTU nephelometric turbidity units...Nitrosamines including N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N- nitrosodimethylamine ( NDMA ), and N-nitroso-di-n-propylamine (NDPA) were below their

Poly[bis[μ4-N-(2-hydroxyiminopropionyl-N′-(2-oxidoiminopropionylpropane-1,3-diaminato]dimethanolcalciumdicopper(II

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentina A. Kalibabchuk

2009-09-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, [CaCu2(C9H13N4O42(CH3OH2]n, the CaII atom lies on an inversion center and is situated in a moderately distorted octahedral environment. The CuII atom is in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, defined by four N atoms belonging to the amide and oxime groups of the triply deprotonated residue of N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyiminopropanoylpropane-1,3-diamine (H4pap and one oxime O atom from a neighboring Hpap ligand at the apical site, forming a dimeric [Cu2(Hpap2]2− unit. Each dimeric unit connects four Ca atoms and each Ca atom links four [Cu2(Hpap2]2− units through Ca—O(amide bonds, leading to a three-dimensional framework. The crystal structure involves intra- and intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

40 CFR 721.6660 - Polymer of alkanepolyol and poly-alkyl-poly-iso-cyan-ato-car-bo-mo-no-cycle, acetone oxime...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Polymer of alkanepolyol and poly-alkyl... Polymer of alkanepolyol and poly-alkyl-poly-iso-cyan-ato-car-bo-mo-no-cycle, acetone oxime-blocked... substance identified generically as a polymer of alkane-polyol and polyalkylpolyisocyanatocarbomonocy- cle...

Synthesis of Lipophilic Guanine N-9 Derivatives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wamberg, Michael C; Pedersen, Pernille L; Löffler, Philipp M G

2017-01-01

the synthesis of five new guanine-N9 derivatives bearing alkyl chains with different attachment chemistries, exploiting a synthesis pathway that allows a flexible choice of hydrophobic anchor moiety. In this study, these guanine derivatives were functionalized with C10 chains for insertion into decanoic acid...... bilayer structures, in which both alkyl chain length and attachment chemistry determined their interaction with the membrane. Incubation of these guanine conjugates, as solids, with a decanoic acid vesicle suspension, showed that ether- and triazole-linked C10 anchors yielded an increased partitioning...... of the guanine derivative into the membranous phase compared to directly N-9-linked saturated alkyl anchors. Decanoic acid vesicle membranes could be loaded with up to 5.5 mol % guanine derivative, a 6-fold increase over previous limits. Thus, anchor chemistries exhibiting favorable interactions with a bilayer...

Bio-Conjugates for Nanoscale Applications

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Villadsen, Klaus

Bio-conjugates for Nanoscale Applications is the title of this thesis, which covers three different projects in chemical bio-conjugation research, namely synthesis and applications of: Lipidated fluorescent peptides, carbohydrate oxime-azide linkers and N-aryl O-R2 oxyamine derivatives. Lipidated...

N-Alkylated dinitrones from isosorbide as cross-linkers for unsaturated bio-based polyesters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oliver Goerz

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Isosorbide was esterified with acryloyl chloride and crotonic acid yielding isosorbide diacrylate (9a and isosorbide dicrotonate (9b, which were reacted with benzaldehyde oxime in the presence of zinc(II iodide and boron triflouride etherate as catalysts to obtain N-alkylated dinitrones 10a/b. Poly(isosorbide itaconite -co- succinate 13 as a bio-based unsaturated polyester was cross-linked by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with the received dinitrones 10a/b. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition led to a strong change of the mechanical properties which were investigated by rheological measurements. Nitrones derived from methyl acrylate (3a and methyl crotonate (3b were used as model systems and reacted with dimethyl itaconate to further characterize the 1,3-dipolaric cycloaddition.

Simultaneous determination of volatile and non-volatile nitrosamines in processed meat products by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation and electrospray ionisation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Herrmann, Susan Strange; Duedahl-Olesen, Lene; Granby, Kit

2014-01-01

, it was only possible to ionize N-nitroso-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (NTCA) and N-nitroso-2-methyl-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (NMTCA) by ESI. The validated method was applied for the analysis of processed meat products and contents of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR), N...

Dietary factors and the risk of glioma in adults: results of a case-control study in Melbourne, Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Giles, G G; McNeil, J J; Donnan, G; Webley, C; Staples, M P; Ireland, P D; Hurley, S F; Salzberg, M

1994-11-01

In a population-based case-control study of 416 incident gliomas in adults carried out in Melbourne, Australia, between 1987 and 1991, 409 age-sex-matched case-control pairs (243 male and 166 female) had adequate data available to examine associations between the dietary intake of N-nitroso compounds, N-nitroso precursors, other nutrients including N-nitroso inhibitors, and the risk of glioma. Dietary intakes were based on the reported frequency of consumption of 59 food items. Increased odds ratio (OR) were observed in males who consumed high levels of bacon, corned meats, apples, melons and oil. OR less than unity were observed in men consuming cabbage and cola drinks, and in women who consumed wholegrain bread, pasta, corned meat, bananas, cauliflower, brocoli, cola drinks and nuts. Generally, N-nitroso associations were greater in men and micronutrient associations were greater in women. Elevated OR in men, but not women, were associated with the intake of N-nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA), retinol and vitamin E. The intake of nitrate (largely of vegetable origin) was protective in women but not in men. When analyzed using multiple logistic regression, the association with NDMA intake in males was not modified by dietary micronutrient intakes. In females, beta carotene alone, though not directly associated with risk, modified the effect of NDMA. On balance, this study added only limited support to the N-nitroso hypothesis of glial carcinogenesis.

A neutral lipophilic complex of sup(99m)Tc with a multidentate amine oxime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Troutner, D.E.; Volkert, W.A.; Hoffman, T.J.; Holmes, R.A.

1984-01-01

Propylene amine oxime, 3,3'-(1,3-propanediyldiimino)bis(3-methyl-2-butanone)dioxime, (PnAO) forms a neutral lipophilic complex with sup(99m)Tc in >95% yield at room temperature at pH 5-10. The complex can be prepared with generator produced sup(99m)Tc using 10 -5 M SnC 4 H 4 O 6 as the reducing agent at ligand concentrations as low as 3 x 10 -5 M. It is stable in saline solutions for as long as 24 h. [Sup(99m)Tc]PnAO may be useful as an imaging agent which passively diffuses across the blood brain barrier. (author)

Seed viability, germination and seedling growth of canola (Brassica ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Jane

2011-10-03

Oct 3, 2011 ... glucosinolate content (Barro et al., 2002; Kott, 1998; Kott et al., 1996). Chemical and physical mutagens are available for mutagenic treatment of crop plants. Nevertheless, several chemical mutagens have been applied of which ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), N- nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU), N-Nitroso, N- ...

A convenient method to synthesize N-[3H]methyl-N-nitrosocarbamate transfer reagents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mehta, P.; Gold, B.; Konakahara, T.

1992-01-01

Activated N-alkyl-N-nitrosocarbamates are useful acyl transfer reagents that are employed in the synthesis of N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas and related N-nitroso compounds. The nitrosourea products are of chemical and biological interest because they provide access to the in situ generation of highly reactive carbonium type intermediates, which, depending on their structure, can be powerful carcinogens or antineoplastic agents. The availability of radiolabeled nitrosoureas greatly facilitates studies on their chemical and biological activities. Generally, the synthesis of activated nitrosocarbamates requires condensation of radiolabeled alkylisocyanates with the appropriate alcohol. Because radiolabeled alkylisocyanates are not commercially available and/or troublesome to synthesize, we have developed an easy and economical method for preparing N-[ 3 H]methyl-N-nitrosocarbamates suitable for use as transfer reagents utilizing 1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethyl chloroformate and [ 3 H]methylamine hydrochloride as starting materials. (author)

Surface Modification of Zinc with an Oxime for Corrosion Protection in Chloride Medium

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ganesha Achary

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The surface treatment of zinc was done with different concentrations of an oxime (2E-2-(hydroxylamino-1,2-diphenylethanol molecule by the immersion method. The electrochemical corrosion studies of surface-treated zinc specimens were performed in aqueous sodium chloride solution (1 M, pH 5.0 at different temperatures in order to study the corrosion mechanism. The recorded electrochemical data indicated a basic modification of the cathodic corrosion behavior of the treated zinc resulting in a decrease of the electron transfer rate. The zinc samples treated by immersion in the inhibiting organic solution presented good corrosion resistance. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM, it was found that a protective film was formed on the surface of zinc.

Detection of homing-in of stem cells labeled with technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime in infarcted myocardium after intracoronary injection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patel, Chetan D; Agarwal, Snehlata; Seth, Sandeep; Mohanty, Sujata; Aggarwal, Himesh; Gupta, Namit

2014-01-01

Bone marrow stem cells having myogenic potential are promising candidates for various cell-based therapies for myocardial disease. We present here images showing homing of technetium-99m (Tc-99m) hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) labeled stem cells in the infarcted myocardium from a pilot study conducted to radio-label part of the stem cells in patients enrolled in a stem cell clinical trial for recent myocardial infarction

The biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in higher plants. Identification of three hydroxylation steps in the biosynthesis of dhurrin in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench and the involvement of 1-ACI-nitro-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane as an intermediate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Halkier, B.A.; Moller, B.L.

1990-01-01

N-Hydroxytyrosine, (E)- and (Z)-p-hydroxyphenyl-acetaldehyde oxime, p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile, and p-hydroxymandelonitrile are established intermediates in the biosynthesis of the tyrosine-derived cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin. Simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption and biosynthetic activity using a microsomal enzyme system isolated from etiolated sorghum seedlings demonstrate a requirement for three oxygen molecules in the conversion of tyrosine to p-hydroxymandelonitrile. Two oxygen molecules are consumed in the conversion of tyrosine to (E)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime, indicating the existence of a previously undetected hydroxylation step in addition to that resulting in the formation of N-hydroxytyrosine. Radioactively labeled 1-nitro-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane was chemically synthesized and tested as a possible intermediate. Biosynthetic experiments demonstrate that the microsomal enzyme system metabolizes the nitro compound to the subsequent intermediates in dhurrin synthesis (Km = 0.05 mM; Vmax = 14 nmol/mg of protein/h). Low amounts of 1-nitro-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane are produced in the microsomal reaction mixtures when tyrosine is used as substrate. These data support the involvement of 1-nitro-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)ethane or more likely its aci-nitro tautomer as an intermediate between N-hydroxytyrosine and p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime. The conversion of (E)-p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehydeoxime to p-hydroxymandelonitrile requires a single oxygen molecule. The oxygen molecule is utilized for hydroxylation of p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile into p-hydroxymandelonitrile. This indicates that the conversion of p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde oxime into p-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile proceeds by a simple dehydration reaction

Thermochemical properties of 4-N,N-dialkylamino-7-nitrobenzofurazan derivatives (alkyl = methyl, ethyl)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Santos, Ana Filipa L.O.M.; Silva, Ana L.R.; Santiago, Otília D.F.; Gonçalves, Jorge M.; Pandey, Siddharth; Acree, W.E.; Ribeiro da Silva, Maria D.M.C.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Combustion of 4-N,N-dialkylamino-7-nitrobenzofurazan by static bomb calorimetry. • Enthalpies of sublimation of 4-N,N-dialkylamino-7-nitrobenzofurazan. • Gaseous enthalpies of formation of 4-N,N-dialkylamino-7-nitrobenzofurazan. • Comparison between experimental and calculated (G3(MP2)//B3LYP approach) enthalpies of formation, in the gaseous phase. - Abstract: The standard (p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation, at T = 298.15 K, in the gaseous phase, for two nitrobenzofurazan derivatives, 4-N,N-dimethylamino-7-nitrobenzofurazan (DMANBF) and 4-N,N-diethylamino-7-nitrobenzofurazan (DEANBF), were derived from their enthalpies of combustion and sublimation, obtained by static bomb calorimetry and by the Knudsen effusion technique, respectively. The results are compared with the corresponding data calculated by the G3(MP2)//B3LYP approach. Computationally, the molecular structures of both compounds were established and the geometrical parameters were determined at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory

A convenient method to synthesize N-[[sup 3]H]methyl-N-nitrosocarbamate transfer reagents

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mehta, P.; Gold, B. (Nebraska Univ., Omaha, NE (United States). Eppley Inst. for Research in Cancer); Konakahara, T. (Science Univiversity of Tokyo, Noda, Chiba (Japan). Faculty of Science and Technology)

1992-11-01

Activated N-alkyl-N-nitrosocarbamates are useful acyl transfer reagents that are employed in the synthesis of N-alkyl-N-nitrosoureas and related N-nitroso compounds. The nitrosourea products are of chemical and biological interest because they provide access to the in situ generation of highly reactive carbonium type intermediates, which, depending on their structure, can be powerful carcinogens or antineoplastic agents. The availability of radiolabeled nitrosoureas greatly facilitates studies on their chemical and biological activities. Generally, the synthesis of activated nitrosocarbamates requires condensation of radiolabeled alkylisocyanates with the appropriate alcohol. Because radiolabeled alkylisocyanates are not commercially available and/or troublesome to synthesize, we have developed an easy and economical method for preparing N-[[sup 3]H]methyl-N-nitrosocarbamates suitable for use as transfer reagents utilizing 1,2,2,2-tetrachloroethyl chloroformate and [[sup 3]H]methylamine hydrochloride as starting materials. (author).

Construction of New Potential Reactivators of Phosphonylated Acetylcholinesterase. Substitution of F for H in the Nucleus of Pyridinecarboxaldehyde Oximes.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-11-01

essential to the content of the re- port and in all cases NMR data subjected to interpretation in this report have been entered in typography to...compared. In the Second Quarter reactions in the synthetic pathway to 3-F-2-PAM were scaled-up. Low yields were encountered for the specific nitration...oxime was synthetically achieved by way of the Markovac-Stevens-Ash-Hackley reaction , and the compound was characterized by its mass spectrum, NMR

Purity of antidotal oxime HI-6 DMS as an active pharmaceutical ingredient for auto-injectors and infusions.

Science.gov (United States)

Bogan, Reinhard; Koller, Marianne; Klaubert, Bernd

2012-01-01

As reactivators of inhibited acetylcholinesterase, oximes are essential antidotes in poisoning by organophosphorus compounds. Due to its superior efficacy in cases of soman, cyclosarin, and sarin poisoning, the oxime HI-6 represents a promising option for an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the further development of antidote therapy for nerve agent poisoning. Developmental lots of HI-6 DMS (dimethanesulfonate) provided by different manufacturers were examined with respect to their content and purity with a view to their future use as an API. There are distinct differences in the HI-6 content from three manufacturers. With respect to purity, gradual differences arise with the known synthetic by-products as well as with unknown accompanying compounds. It became apparent that in the case of a modified synthesis using protective groups, the proportion of some synthesis by-products decreases considerably. With one exception, they are thus below the reporting threshold for API in accordance with pertinent regulatory guidelines. In HI-6, an unknown impurity always occurs, whose percentage necessitates identification due to regulations. This unknown impurity, which has not been described so far, could be identified as an isomer. These findings supply data required for the description of pharmaceutical quality in accordance with module 3 of a Common Technical Document (CTD). They thus contribute to the marketing authorization of this substance as an API for auto-injectors and infusions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Regioselective 1-N-Alkylation and Rearrangement of Adenosine Derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Oslovsky, Vladimir E; Drenichev, Mikhail S; Mikhailov, Sergey N

2015-01-01

Several methods for the preparation of some N(6)-substituted adenosines based on selective 1-N-alkylation with subsequent Dimroth rearrangement were developed. The proposed methods seem to be effective for the preparation of natural N(6)-isopentenyl- and N(6)-benzyladenosines, which are known to possess pronounced biological activities. Direct 1-N-alkylation of 2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyladenosine and 3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyadenosine with alkyl halides in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of BaCO3 and KI gave 1-N-substituted derivatives with quantitative yields, whereas 1-N-alkylation of adenosine was accompanied by significant O-alkylation. Moreover, the reaction of trimethylsilyl derivatives of N(6)-acetyl-2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyladenosine and N(6)-acetyl-3',5'-di-O-acetyl-2'-deoxyadenosine with alkyl halides leads to the formation of the stable 1-N-substituted adenosines. Dimroth rearrangement of 1-N-substituted adenosines in aqueous ammonia yields pure N(6)-substituted adenosines.

40 CFR 721.7270 - 1-propanaminium, 3-amino-, N,N,N-trimethyl-N-soya acyl derivs., chloride.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

...-trimethyl-N-soya acyl derivs., chloride. 721.7270 Section 721.7270 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL...-soya acyl derivs., chloride. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1...., chloride (PMN P-01-646; CAS No. 391232-99-8) is subject to reporting under this section for the significant...

Increased rCBF in gray matter heterotopias detected by SPECT using 99mTc hexamethyl-propylenamine oxime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henkes, H.; Klinikum Rudolf Virchow, Berlin; Hosten, N.; Cordes, M.; Neumann, K.; Hansen, M.L.

1991-01-01

Imaging findings of morphology and regional cerebral blood flow in two patients suffering from epileptic seizures are presented. CT and MRI revealed heterotopic gray matter as a probable structural correlate, causing the seizure disorder. 99m Tc hexamethyl-propylenamine oxime (HM-PAO) SPECT demonstrated focally increased regional cerebral blood flow in both patients in the areas of their heterotopic lesions. Heterotopic and orthotopic gray matter seem to have similar features in terms of regional perfusion. A focally increased brain perfusion in interictal epileptic patients may indicate an underlying migration anomaly. (orig.)

Hazard assessment of nitrosamine and nitramine by-products of amine-based CCS: alternative approaches.

Science.gov (United States)

Buist, H E; Devito, S; Goldbohm, R A; Stierum, R H; Venhorst, J; Kroese, E D

2015-04-01

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are considered vital and economic elements for achieving global CO2 reduction targets, and is currently introduced worldwide (for more information on CCS, consult for example the websites of the International Energy Agency (http://www.iea.org/topics/ccs/) and the Global CCS Institute (http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/)). One prominent CCS technology, the amine-based post-combustion process, may generate nitrosamines and their related nitramines as by-products, the former well known for their potential mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In order to efficiently assess the carcinogenic potency of any of these by-products this paper reviews and discusses novel prediction approaches consuming less time, money and animals than the traditionally applied 2-year rodent assay. For this, available animal carcinogenicity studies with N-nitroso compounds and nitramines have been used to derive carcinogenic potency values, that were subsequently used to assess the predictive performance of alternative prediction approaches for these chemicals. Promising cancer prediction models are the QSARs developed by the Helguera group, in vitro transformation assays, and the in vivo initiation-promotion, and transgenic animal assays. All these models, however, have not been adequately explored for this purpose, as the number of N-nitroso compounds investigated is yet too limited, and therefore further testing with relevant N-nitroso compounds is needed. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The potential use of complex derivatization procedures in comprehensive HPLC-MS/MS detection of anabolic steroids.

Science.gov (United States)

Baranov, Pavel A; Appolonova, Svetlana A; Rodchenkov, Grigory M

2010-10-01

The use of two separate derivatization procedures with the formation of oxime (hydroxyl ammonium pretreatment) and picolinoyl (mixed anhydride method) derivates of anabolic steroids following HPLC-MS/MS analysis was proposed. The main product ions of obtained derivatives for 21 anabolic steroids were evaluated and fragmentation pathways were compared.The analysis of MS/MS spectra for underivatized steroids versus oxime or picolinoyl derivatives showed that in case of analytes containing conjugated double bonds in sterane core all of the observed MS/MS spectra contained abundant product ions of diagnostic value. The implementation of derivatization procedures to such compounds is useful for upgrading sensitivity or selectivity of the evaluated method. On the other hand, MS/MS spectra of underivatized and oxime analytes without conjugated double bonds in sterane core produce spectra with large amounts of low abundant product ions. Picolinoyl derivatives formation leads to highly specific spectra with product ions of diagnostic value coupled with sensitive and selective analysis at the same time. The intra- and inter-group comparison analysis revealed that fragmentation pathways for underivatized steroids and correspondent oxime derivatives are similar.The obtained oxime and picolinoyl derivatives provided 10-15 times higher ESI response in the HPLC-ESI-MS-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) when compared to those of underivatized molecules in positive HPLC-ESI-MS mode.Due to the laborious sample preparation we suggest to use the performed strategy for confirmation analysis purposes, metabolic studies or while the identification of new steroids or steroid-like substances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Irreversible blockade of the high and low affinity (3H) naloxone binding sites by C-6 derivatives of morphinane-6-ones

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krizsan, D.; Varga, E.; Benyhe, S.; Szucs, M.; Borsodi, A.; Hosztafi, S.

1991-01-01

C-6 derivatives-hydrazones, phenylhydrazones, dinitrophenylhydrazones, oximes and semicarbazones - of morphinane-6-ones were synthesized and their binding characteristics were studied on rat brain membranes. The dihydromorphinone and oxymorphone derivatives compete for the ( 3 H)naloxone binding sites with high affinity, while the dihydrocodeinone and oxycodone derivatives are less potent. The affinity of the new compounds is decreased for the delta sites as compared to the parent ligands. The ligands bearing bulky substituents also bind with low affinity to the kappa sites. The modification decreased the Na + -index of compounds indicating their mixed agonist-antagonist character. The dihydromorphinone derivatives are all capable to block irreversibly the high affinity binding site of ( 3 H)naloxone, whereas the dihydrocodeinone derivatives block irreversibly the low affinity site. A possible mechanism for the inhibition is suggested

Contribution of direct actions of the oxime HI-6 in reversing soman-induced muscle weakness in the rat diaphragm

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alder, M.; Maxwell, D.M.; Filbert, M.G.; Deshpande, S.S.

1994-12-31

The actions of the bispyridinium oxime HI-6 ((4-AMINOCARBONYL) PYRIDINO-methoxymethyl- 2-(HYDROXYIMINO)METHYL- pyridinium dichloride) were investigated in vitro on rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparations. Isometric twitch and tetanic tensions were elicited at 37 deg C with supramaximal nerve stimulation at frequencies of 20 and 50 Hz. To approximate normal respiration patterns, trials consisting of 30 successive 0.55 5 trains were alternated with 1.25 5 rest periods. Under control conditions, the above stimulation pattern generated tensions that were well maintained at both frequencies. In contrast, a marked depression of muscle tension was observed in diaphragms removed from rats administered 339 ug/kg soman (3 LD50) and tested in vitro. Addition of HI-6, 4 h after soman exposure, led to a nearly complete recovery of muscle tension at 20 Hz. At 50 Hz, muscle tensions still declined especially when trains were elicited at 1.25 and 3 5 intervals. The recovery by HI-6 observed in this study appears to be mediated by mechanisms unrelated to acetylcholinesterase reactivation since no increase of enzymatic activity was detected and the effect was reversed by a brief washout in oxime-free physiological solution. The results suggest that the direct action of HI-6 may play a role in restoring soman-induced diaphragmatic failure but this effect would be significant primarily under low use conditions.

Síntesis y evaluación “in vitro” de la actividad antifúngica de oximas, éteres de oxima e isoxazoles

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John Diaz-Velandia

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Synthesis and in vitro assessment of antifungal activity of oximes, oxime ethers and isoxazoles. Objective. To synthesize and carryout a preliminary evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity of oximes, oxime ethers and isoxazoles. Materials and methods. Oximeswere synthesized from aldehydes or ketones with NH2OH.HCl and K2CO3. Oxime ethers were prepared by alkylation of oximes withpropargyl bromide or 2-bromobenzyl bromide, using NaOH as base and acetone as solvent. The isoxazoles were obtained by 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN, chloramine T (CAT and NaOCl. Products were identified or characterized usingnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR and mass spectrometry (MS. Radial growth inhibition assays against Aspergillus niger and Fusariumroseum were carried out. Results. Five oximes, seven oxime ethers, four of them new, and four new isoxazoles were obtained. Theassessed substances exhibited antifungal activity in amounts of 1,5 mg and 3,0 mg. Conclusions. Although 1,3-dipolar cycloadditionsallowed to obtain the desired isoxazoles, this methodology produced a wide variety of side products that reduced yields and made difficultthe purification of the target products. Four of the tested compounds showed inhibition percentages greater than 80%.

Nearly Quadratic n-Derivations on Non-Archimedean Banach Algebras

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Madjid Eshaghi Gordji

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Let n>1 be an integer, let A be an algebra, and X be an A-module. A quadratic function D:A→X is called a quadratic n-derivation if D(∏i=1nai=D(a1a22⋯an2+a12D(a2a32⋯an2+⋯+a12a22⋯an−12D(an for all a1,...,an∈A. We investigate the Hyers-Ulam stability of quadratic n-derivations from non-Archimedean Banach algebras into non-Archimedean Banach modules by using the Banach fixed point theorem.

The preparation and intramolecular radical cyclisation reactions of chiral oxyme ethers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Booth, Susan E.; Jenkins, Paul R.

1998-01-01

Chiral oxime ether 2 and Oxime ester 4 have been prepared by alkylation and esterification of the oxime 1. Racemic hydroxylamine 6 and chiral hydroxylamine 10 have been synthesised from N-hydroxysuccinimide and the corresponding alcohol in the presence of diethyl azo dicarboxylate, the two product were converted into the oxime ethers 7 and 11 respectively. The intramolecular radical cyclisation reactions of these oxime ethers and esters has been studied, successful reaction was observed to produce alkyl hydroxylamines 3,8 and 12. (author)

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Zirconium (IV) Complexes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, Shobhana; Jain, Asha; Saxena, Sanjiv [Univ. of Rajasthan, Jaipur (India)

2012-08-15

Heteroleptic complexes of zirconium (IV) derived from bulky Schiff base ligands containing a sulphur atom and oximes of heterocyclic β-diketones of the general formula ZrLL' (where L'H{sub 2}=RCNH(C{sub 6}H{sub 4})SC : C(OH)N(C{sub 6}H{sub 5})N : CCH{sub 3}, R=-C{sub 6}H{sub 5}, -C{sub 6}H{sub 4}Cl(p) and L'H{sub 2}=R'C : (NOH)C : C(OH)N(C{sub 6}H{sub 5})N : CCH{sub 3}, R' = -CH{sub 2}CH{sub 3}, -C{sub 6}H{sub 5}, -C{sub 6}H{sub 4}Cl (p) were prepared by the reactions of zirconium tetrachloride with disodium salts of Schiff bases (L Na{sub 2}) and oximes of heterocyclic β-diketones (L' Na{sub 2}) in 1:1:1 molar ratio in dry refluxing THF. The structures of these monomeric zirconium (IV) complexes were elucidated with the help of elemental analysis, molecular weight measurements, spectroscopic (IR, NMR and mass) studies. A distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry may be suggested for these heteroleptic zirconium (IV) complexes. The ligands (bulky Schiff base ligands containing a sulphur atom and oximes of heterocyclic β-diketones) and their heteroleptic complexes of zirconium (IV) were screened against A. flavus, P. aeruginesa and E. coli.

Induction of discrete apoptotic pathways by bromo-substituted indirubin derivatives in invasive breast cancer cells

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nicolaou, Katerina A. [Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia (Cyprus); Liapis, Vasilis; Evdokiou, Andreas [Department of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide University, Adelaide (Australia); Constantinou, Constantina [St. George' s University of London Medical School at the University of Nicosia, Nicosia (Cyprus); Magiatis, Prokopios; Skaltsounis, Alex L. [Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Athens (Greece); Koumas, Laura; Costeas, Paul A. [Center for Study of Hematological Malignancies, Nicosia (Cyprus); Constantinou, Andreas I., E-mail: andreasc@ucy.ac.cy [Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia (Cyprus)

2012-08-17

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effects of 6BIO and 7BIO are evaluated against five breast cancer cell lines. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 6BIO induces a caspase dependent apoptotic effect via the intrinsic pathway. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 7BIO promotes G{sub 2}/M cells cycle arrest. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 7BIO triggers a caspase-8 mediated apoptotic pathway. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer 7BIO triggers and a caspase independent pathway. -- Abstract: Indirubin derivatives gained interest in recent years for their anticancer and antimetastatic properties. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the anticancer properties of the two novel bromo-substituted derivatives 6-bromoindirubin-3 Prime -oxime (6BIO) and 7-bromoindirubin-3 Prime -oxime (7BIO) in five different breast cancer cell lines. Cell viability assays identified that 6BIO and 7BIO are most effective in preventing the proliferation of the MDA-MB-231-TXSA breast cancer cell line from a total of five breast cancer cell lined examined. In addition it was found that the two compounds induce apoptosis via different mechanisms. 6BIO induces caspase-dependent programmed cell death through the intrinsic (mitochondrial) caspase-9 pathway. 7BIO up-regulates p21 and promotes G{sub 2}/M cell cycle arrest which is subsequently followed by the activation of two different apoptotic pathways: (a) a pathway that involves the upregulation of DR4/DR5 and activation of caspase-8 and (b) a caspase independent pathway. In conclusion, this study provides important insights regarding the molecular pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by two indirubin derivatives that can find clinical applications in targeted cancer therapeutics.

The Oenothera plastome mutator: effect of UV irradiation and nitroso-methyl urea on mutation frequencies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sears, B.B.; Sokalski, M.B.

1991-01-01

Oenothera plants homozygous for a recessive plastome mutator allele (pm) showed spontaneous mutation frequencies for plastome genes that are 200-fold higher than spontaneous levels. Mutations occurred at high frequencies in plants grown in the field, in a glasshouse, or as leaf tip cultures under fluorescent light, indicating that the plastome mutator activity is UV-independent. However, the chlorotic sectors became visible at an earlier stage of development when seedlings were irradiated, compared to seedlings that were not exposed to UV. These results imply that the rate of sorting-out was increased by the irradiation treatment, possibly due to a decrease in the effective number of multiplication-competent plastids, or a reduction in the extent of cytoplasmic mixing. Nitroso-methyl urea treatment of seeds had a dramatic effect on mutation frequency in both wild-type and plastome mutator samples. When the background mutation rates were low, the combination of the plastome mutator nucleus and the chemical mutagenesis treatment resulted in a synergistic effect, suggesting that the plastome mutator may involve a cpDNA repair pathway. (author)

Intrasubject comparison of regional cerebral blood flow between N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine SPECT and 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime SPECT in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isaka, Yoshinari; Yoshikawa, Takuya; Ohe, Yohsuke; Nakayama, Hirofumi; Abe, Tohru; Ashida, Keiichi; Imaizumi, Masatoshi; Tanaka, Seiji

1995-01-01

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was compared on CBF-SPECT brain images using two perfusion imaging agents, N-isopropyl-p-[ 123 I]iodoamphetamine ( 123 I-IMP) and 99m Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO), in the same patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease. The subjects were 8 healthy volunteers (group A) and 16 patients with chronic cerebral infarction (group B). SPECT data were normalized to the count density of the tracer in the whole brain, and then converted to the absolute units of CBF by multiplying average 113 Xe-CBF in the whole brain. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), grouped by right and left hemispheres in group A and the affected and contralateral hemispheres in group B, was used to assess changes in regional CBF patterns in the two groups. CBF in all regions was significantly reduced on SPECT images, irrespective of the tracers, in group B. F value was higher on IMP images than HMPAO images for the frontal, temporal and occipital cortices, thalamus, and striatum); on the contrary, it was higher on HMPAO images than IMP images for the central lobule, parietal cortex, hippocampus, and centrum semiovale. Two-way ANOVA, grouped by the affected hemisphere in group B, tracer, and affected hemisphere x tracer, indicated that effects of tracer and affected hemisphere x tracer for regional CBF were not significant. For cortical infarction (n=8), regional CBF values in the infarct core were 14.8±4.1 ml/100 g/min on IMP images and 17.6±3.8 ml/100 g/min on HMPAO images; the corresponding figures for the contralateral region were 34.7±8.6 ml/100 g/min and 32.6±8.4 ml/100 g/min. Image contrast was better on IMP images than HMPAO images. In conclusion, an intrasubject comparison in ischemic cerebrovascular disease showed that the detectability of HMPAO CBF-SPECT for CBF abnormalities is roughly equivalent to that of IMP-CBF-SPECT. (N.K.)

MGE-derived nNOS+ interneurons promote fear acquisition in nNOS-/- mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Lin; Yuan, Hong-Jin; Cao, Bo; Kong, Cheng-Cheng; Yuan, Fang; Li, Jun; Ni, Huan-Yu; Wu, Hai-Yin; Chang, Lei; Liu, Yan; Luo, Chun-Xia

2017-12-02

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) 1 , mainly responsible for NO release in central nervous system (CNS) 2 , plays a significant role in multiple physiological functions. However, the function of nNOS + interneurons in fear learning has not been much explored. Here we focused on the medial ganglionic eminences (MGE) 3 -derived nNOS + interneurons in fear learning. To determine the origin of nNOS + interneurons, we cultured neurons in vitro from MGE, cortex, lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) 4 , caudal ganglionic eminences (CGE) 5 and preoptic area (POA) 6 . The results showed that MGE contained the most abundant precursors of nNOS + interneurons. Moreover, donor cells from E12.5 embryos demonstrated the highest positive rate of nNOS + interneurons compared with other embryonic periods (E11.5, E12, E13, E13.5 and E14). Additionally, these cells from E12.5 embryos showed long axonal and abundant dendritic arbors after 10 days culture, indicating the capability to disperse and integrate in host neural circuits after transplantation. To investigate the role of MGE-derived nNOS + interneurons in fear learning, donor MGE cells were transplanted into dentate gyrus (DG) 7 of nNOS knock-out (nNOS -/- ) or wild-type mice. Results showed that the transplantation of MGE cells promoted the acquisition of nNOS -/- but not the wild-type mice, suggesting the importance of nNOS + neurons in fear acquisition. Moreover, we transplanted MGE cells from nNOS -/- mice or wild-type mice into DG of the nNOS -/- mice and found that only MGE cells from wild-type mice but not the nNOS -/- mice rescued the deficit in acquisition of the nNOS -/- mice, further confirming the positive role of nNOS + neurons in fear learning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Therapeutic efficacy of milbemycin oxime/praziquantel oral formulation (Milbemax® against Thelazia callipaeda in naturally infested dogs and cats

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Motta Bruna

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Over the last few decades, canine and feline thelaziosis caused by Thelazia callipaeda eye worms has gained the attention of the veterinary community due to the spread of this ocular infestation in geographical areas previously regarded as non endemic. The therapeutic efficacy of milbemycin oxime/praziquantel tablets (Milbemax® against T. callipaeda was tested in naturally infested dogs and cats. Methods From January 2009 to July 2011 a placebo controlled and randomized field study was conducted in T. callipaeda endemic areas of Switzerland (CH and Italy (ITA involving client-owned animals. Dogs (n = 56 and cats (n = 31 were physically examined at enrolment Day 0 (D0 and twice afterwards (D7 and D14. Infested animals were orally treated with Milbemax® or with placebo tablets on D0 and, if an animal was found still infested with T. callipaeda, also on D7. On D14 nematodes were flushed from the conjunctiva, identified and counted. Results Out of 56 dogs, 43 were included in the statistical analysis, whereas 13 were excluded because the products under investigation were not administered with food, as required by the label. On D7 and D14, 72.7% and 90.9% of treated dogs were eye worm free, whereas in the placebo group 95.2% and 76.2% still harbored nematodes, resulting in a mean percentage worm count reduction for the Milbemax® group of 86.1% and 96.8%, respectively. Both results were significantly higher (p = 0.0001 than the placebo group. Out of the 31 cats included in the study at D7 and D14, 53.3% and 73.3% treated with Milbemax® were free of T. callipaeda, while 81.3% and 73.3 in the placebo group were still harbouring eye worms, resulting in a mean percentage worm count reduction for the treated group of 62.2% and 80.0%, respectively. Both results were significantly higher (p = 0.0106 and p = 0.0043 than the placebo group. Conclusions The commercial formulation of milbemycin oxime at the minimal dose

Nitrogen containing heterocycles from aldoximes; a one-pot route to isoxazolobenzodiazepinones, N-substituted and N-unsubstituted isoxazoloquinolinones

OpenAIRE

Heaney, Frances; Bourke, Sharon

1998-01-01

The aldoximes 1 in the presence of electron poor olefins react to form either the 5,6,7-tricyclic isoxazolobenzodiazepinone 3 or the 5,6,6-tricyclic isoxazoloquinolinone 5 ring skeleton. In each case the ring system formed depends on the relative electrophilicity of the added and internal olefin. The oximes 1a,b,c react with N-methylmaleimide, methyl acrylate or phenyl vinyl sulfone to afford the corresponding regioisomeric isoxazolobenzodiazepinones by a tandem intramolecular dipole formatio...

Research on environmental N-nitroso compounds in the USSR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bogovski, P; Rooma, M; Uibu, J; Kann, J; Tauts, O

1982-01-01

Food samples from various parts of the USSR have been analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines (NA). The results are comparable to data published elsewhere. Kilning of malt with direct combustion gases accounts for the presence of NA in beer. NA have been found in city air, diesel exhausts and in a rubber factory. Vulcanized rubber contains NDMA and NMOR. Nitrosoproline has been determined in a variety of foodstuffs. Variations of nitrate contents in vegetables due to mineral fertilizers and some herbicides are reported. A steady increase of average nitrate concentrations in vegetables has been observed in Estonia over a period of 12 years. Precursors of NA have been found in water (Moldavia), and soil (Moscow district and Tshuvash republic). Nitramines can be formed in vivo from NA, and vice versa. Formation of NDMA from aminopyrine has been inhibited under gastric conditions by properly composed meals. Numerous food components have been studied as nitrite scavengers. Modifications of analytical methods for NA have been proposed. Four laboratories in the USSR are equipped with the Thermal Energy Analyzer.

SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL INDOLO[3,2-c]QUINOLINES; ETHYL 3-CHLORO-9,11-DIMETHOXY INDOLO[3,2-c]QUINOLINE-6-CARBOXYLATE

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Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih

2010-06-01

Full Text Available -Carboline and its derivatives are significant due to their pharmacological importance. The synthesis of indolo[3,2-c]quinolines as a benzo analog of -carboline has been carried out via an oxime ether intermediate. Reaction of 2'-glyoxylic ester with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of sodium acetate afforded the oxime acetate in 82%. It was then treated with natrium and fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene in ethanol to give an orange solid of oxime ether acetate which is in subsequent treatment with a base yielded a pale yellow solid of indolo[3,2-c]carboline in 43%. Keywords: -carboline, oxime, indolo[3,2-c]quinoline.

Activation of human IK and SK Ca2+ -activated K+ channels by NS309 (6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Strøbaek, Dorte; Teuber, Lene; Jørgensen, Tino D

2004-01-01

We have identified and characterized the compound NS309 (6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime) as a potent activator of human Ca2+ -activated K+ channels of SK and IK types, whereas it is devoid of effect on BK type channels. IK- and SK-channels have previously been reported to be activated...

Highly regio- and diastereoselective, acidic clay supported intramolecular nitrile oxide-alkene cycloaddition on D-ribose derived nitriles: an efficient synthetic route to isoxazoline fused five and six membered carbocycles.

Science.gov (United States)

Panda, Amarendra; Das, Sulagna; Pal, Shantanu

2014-10-29

An efficient synthetic route to isoxazoline fused carbocycles from carbohydrate scaffolds that comprise of free hydroxyl group(s) is described with high regio- and stereoselectivity. Montmorillonite K-10/chloramine T oxidation and in situ intramolecular nitrile oxide-alkene cycloaddition (INOC) of D-ribose derived oximes have been developed for the diversity oriented synthesis of isoxazoline fused five and six membered carbocycles. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Scintigraphic evaluation of brain death with 99mTc-d,l-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takehara, Yasuo; Isoda, Haruo; Sakai, Tsuneo; Tanaka, Tokutaro; Sato, Haruhiko; Yamamoto, Takamichi; Takahashi, Motoichiro; Kaneko, Masao.

1989-01-01

Lately, the criteria of brain death is being discussed. Cerebral scintigram, especially scintigraphic evaluation of brain death by dynamic study, has been previously reported. Cerebral imaging using radiolabeled amines such as 123 I-IMP N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamin (IMP) or 99m Tc d, l-hexamethyl-propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) offers a significant information of brain death by the finding of 'non visualized brain'. However, the dynamic scintigram acquired during the bolus injection of 99m Tc-HMPAO provides an additional information of brain death by classical 'hot nose sign'. 99m Tc-HMPAO is able to be administered relatively in a large amount of dose. This cerebral perfusion tracer is lipophilic and remains in the central nervous system, which characterize its role as a reliable indicator of cerebral blood flow. As a result, this compound became suitable for the non-invasive study of brain circulation when the diagnosis of brain death is uncertain. We report a case of brain death in which diagnosis was made by the classical 'hot nose sign' in dynamic scintigraphy performed when 99 mTc-HMPAO was injected as well as the SPECT which showed a lack of cerebral visualization at the equilibrium state. As far as we are informed, this additional procedure used in the diagnosis of brain death has not reported before. The importance of performing a dynamic scintigram at the administration of 99m Tc-HMPAO is also discussed in this report. (author)

Site selectivity in the addition of ketoximes to activated allenes and alkynes; N- versus O-alkylation

OpenAIRE

Heaney, Frances; Kelly, Bronwyn M.; Bourke, Sharon; Rooney, Oliver; Cunningham, Desmond; McArdle, Patrick

1999-01-01

Reaction of ketoximes with methyl propiolate afforded geometrical isomers of the methyl 3-(hydroxyimino)propanoates 4 and of the O-vinyl oximes 5 as well as the 2-isoxazoline 6. With dimethyl penta-2,3-diendioate 8c reaction progressed via an O-alkylation to give the O-oxime ethers 9, only in the case of cyclopentanone oxime was the spirocyclic dihydroazepinol 11 also obtained, its identity has been confirmed by an X-ray structure determination.

Untitled

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

(2) 151-53° s. (f) 135-45°. 2. Sterols Pink-blue- Acetate. 105—10° green 130-60°. 3. Ketone 83° Ni Oxime 68°. 4. Aldehyde. 42. 5. Fatty acids. (solid) 80-82 (Sap. equivalent 360). SO skaf. Nature of the fractions and melting point. Lieberman n- Derivatives. Burchard melting reaction point. Petroleum Ether Extract-. Resinols.

Poly[bis­[μ4-N-(2-hydroxy­imino­propion­yl)-N′-(2-oxidoimino­propion­yl)propane-1,3-diaminato]dimethano­lcalciumdicopper(II)

Science.gov (United States)

Kalibabchuk, Valentina A.; Usenko, Natalia I.; Golenya, Irina A.; Iskenderov, Turganbay S.; Haukka, Matti

2009-01-01

In the title compound, [CaCu2(C9H13N4O4)2(CH3OH)2]n, the CaII atom lies on an inversion center and is situated in a moderately distorted octa­hedral environment. The CuII atom is in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry, defined by four N atoms belonging to the amide and oxime groups of the triply deprotonated residue of N,N′-bis­(2-hydroxy­imino­propano­yl)propane-1,3-diamine (H4pap) and one oxime O atom from a neighboring Hpap ligand at the apical site, forming a dimeric [Cu2(Hpap)2]2− unit. Each dimeric unit connects four Ca atoms and each Ca atom links four [Cu2(Hpap)2]2− units through Ca—O(amide) bonds, leading to a three-dimensional framework. The crystal structure involves intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. PMID:21577475

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of some new 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid hydrazide derivatives for dyeing polyester fabrics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abd El-Galil M. Khalil

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Dibenzobarallene was used as a key intermediate for the synthesis of 2-(3-hydroxy-2-naphthoyl-3,4,4a,5,10,10a-hexahydro-1H-5,10-benzenobenzo[g]phthalazine-1,4-dione (2. The previous compound was coupled with the appropriate diazonium chloride to give the corresponding 4-arylazo-2-naphthol derivatives 3a–l. Also, nitration, nitrosation and bromination of compound 2 afforded the corresponding nitro, nitroso and bromo derivatives 4–6, respectively. The synthesized compounds were established and evaluated as antibacterial agents. The results showed clearly that compounds 2, 3a, 3c, 3d, 3g, 3i, 4, 5 and 6 exhibited interesting high activities compared with reference drugs. Also, these compounds were applied to polyester as disperse dyes in which their color measurement and fastness properties were evaluated.

A non-cytotoxic N-dehydroabietylamine derivative with potent antimalarial activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Sadashiva, Maralinganadoddi P; Gowda, Raghavendra; Wu, Xianzhu; Inamdar, Gajanan S; Kuzu, Omer F; Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S; Robertson, Gavin P; Gowda, D Channe

2015-08-01

Malaria caused by the Plasmodium parasites continues to be an enormous global health problem owing to wide spread drug resistance of parasites to many of the available antimalarial drugs. Therefore, development of new classes of antimalarial agents is essential to effectively treat malaria. In this study, the efficacy of naturally occurring diterpenoids, dehydroabietylamine and abietic acid, and their synthetic derivatives was assessed for antimalarial activity. Dehydroabietylamine and its N-trifluoroacetyl, N-tribromoacetyl, N-benzoyl, and N-benzyl derivatives showed excellent activity against P. falciparum parasites with IC50 values of 0.36 to 2.6 µM. Interestingly, N-dehydroabietylbenzamide showed potent antimalarial activity (IC50 0.36), and negligible cytotoxicity (IC50 >100 µM) to mammalian cells; thus, this compound can be an important antimalarial drug. In contrast, abietic acid was only marginally effective, exhibiting an IC50 value of ~82 µM. Several carboxylic group-derivatives of abietic acid were moderately active with IC50 values of ~8.2 to ~13.3 µM. These results suggest that a detailed understanding of the structure-activity relationship of abietane diterpenoids might provide strategies to exploit this class of compounds for malaria treatment. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Crystallographic characterization of single-ortho, N-substituted acetanilide derivatives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boeyens, J.C.A.; Denner, L.; Painter, S.; Staskun, B.

1987-01-01

The crystal and molecular structures of the three single-ortho, N-substituted amide derivatives, acet-2'-bromo-N-(p-nitrobenzyl)anilide, 3',5'-dimethyl-N-ethyl-2,2,2',4'-tetrachlorobenzoylacetanilide, and difluoro[(1-phenyl-2-(o-ethylphenyl-N-benzylcarbamoyl)vinyl)oxy]borane, have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. In each case, the amide carbonyl group was found in the exo-conformation, independent of the nature of the acyl group. The observed conformations correlate well with solution structures, inferred from n.m.r. data

Application of oxime-diversification to optimize ligand interactions within a cryptic pocket of the polo-like kinase 1 polo-box domain | Center for Cancer Research

Science.gov (United States)

By a process involving initial screening of a set of 87 aldehydes using an oxime ligation-based strategy, we were able to achieve a several-fold affinity enhancement over one of the most potent previously known polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD) binding inhibitors. This improved binding may result by accessing a newly identified auxiliary region proximal to a key

AMINOMETHANESULPHONIC ACIDS AND ITS N-DERIVATIVES ARE COMPONENTS OF N. GOODS BUFFERS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R.E. Khoma

2015-11-01

Full Text Available On the basis of pH measuring the temperature dependence of the second ionization constant (pK2 are set for aminomethansulfonic acid (AMSA and its N-derivatives. It was found that the area of  effective buffering of AMSK and its N-benzyl derivative allows to maintain the pH of acid-compatible with life. The absolute values  of the coefficients in the equation pK2 = -Ai+ Bi/T for the aminosulfonic acids correlated with their molar masses. A simultaneous change in values  DpH /DT and Bicoefficient for the studied acids QSAR method are stayed. The values  of the distribution coefficients in the octanol – water (Pow and molar refraction are calculated. In the future the data obtained in this study will be used to predict the physical, chemical and toxicological properties of the compounds studied.

Synthesis of hydroxylamine-15 N.HCl

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baldea, Aurel

2001-01-01

15 N labelled hydroxylamine is one of the starting substance for synthesis of labelled oximes. Industrial procedure was chosen to prepare hydroxylamine- 15 N. Sodium nitrite reduced by sodium bisulfite and sulfur dioxide, at temperature of 0-2 deg. C, produces sodium hydroxylamine disulfonate. The reaction mixture is treated with acetone and the resulting acetoxime is distilled. In order to obtain crystalline hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydrochloric acid is added to the distillate and the solution is evaporated to dryness. The crude product was purified by recristallization, yielding 62-65% of theoretical amount. Labelled ammonium chloride formed as byproduct can be recovered improving 15 N balance. IR spectra is used for chemical analysis and mass spectrometry for isotopic analysis. For this purpose hydroxylamine- 15 N is converted into molecular nitrogen. (author)

Nitrate contamination of drinking water: evaluation of genotoxic risk in human populations.

OpenAIRE

Kleinjans, J C; Albering, H J; Marx, A; van Maanen, J M; van Agen, B; ten Hoor, F; Swaen, G M; Mertens, P L

1991-01-01

Nitrate contamination of drinking water implies a genotoxic risk to man due to the endogenous formation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds from nitrate-derived nitrite. Thus far, epidemiological studies have presented conflicting results on the relation of drinking water nitrate levels with gastric cancer incidence. This uncertainty becomes of relevance in view of the steadily increasing nitrate levels in regular drinking water supplies. In an attempt to apply genetic biomarker analysis to i...

N-6 substituted deoxygenated derivatives of L-like 5'-noraristeromycin

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Several N-6 substituted derivatives (4-11) of (+)-4'-deoxy-5'-noraristeromycin (2) and its unsaturated counterpart (3) have been prepared. The derivatives are designed to systematically vary the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance of the lead compounds. These compounds were evaluated against a large number of viruses but ...

Application of oxime-diversification to optimize ligand interactions within a cryptic pocket of the polo-like kinase 1 polo-box domain.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Xue Zhi; Hymel, David; Burke, Terrence R

2016-10-15

By a process involving initial screening of a set of 87 aldehydes using an oxime ligation-based strategy, we were able to achieve a several-fold affinity enhancement over one of the most potent previously known polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD) binding inhibitors. This improved binding may result by accessing a newly identified auxiliary region proximal to a key hydrophobic cryptic pocket on the surface of the protein. Our findings could have general applicability to the design of PBD-binding antagonists. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Higher-derivative mechanics with N = 2 l -conformal Galilei supersymmetry

Science.gov (United States)

Masterov, Ivan

2015-02-01

The analysis previously developed in [J. Math. Phys. 55 102901 (2014)] is used to construct systems which hold invariant under N = 2 l -conformal Galilei superalgebra. The models describe two different supersymmetric extensions of a free higher-derivative particle. Their Newton-Hooke counterparts are derived by applying appropriate coordinate transformations.

Contribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime labelled leucocyte scintigraphy to the diagnosis of diabetic foot infection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devillers, A.; Moisan, A.; Garin, E.; Bourguet, P.; Hennion, F.; Poirier, J.Y.

1998-01-01

We conducted a prospective study in order to evaluate the contribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) labelled leucocyte scintigraphy to the diagnosis and follow-up of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. The study was conducted between October 1992 and November 1996 and included 42 patients (30 men and 12 women; mean age 63 years) with diabetes mellitus (type 1, n = 22, type 2, n = 20) who had a total of 56 diabetic foot ulcers. The initial exploration included standard radiography, three-phase bone scintigraphy and 99m Tc-HMPAO labelled leucocyte scintigraphy (HMPAO-LS), performed within a 3-day interval. For the 56 ulceration sites, 26 cases of osteomyelitis were diagnosed: ten on the basis of radiographic and histological/bacteriological criteria after bone biopsy, 11 after radiographic follow-up and five on the basis of biopsy results alone. No osteomyelitis was present at 30 sites, there were seven cases of cellulitis. The sensitivity and specificity of 99m Tc-HMPAO-LS were 88.4% and 96.6% respectively (23 true-positives, 29 true-negatives, one false-positive, three false-negatives). The accuracy of radiography, 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate and HMPAO-LS was 69.6%, 62.5%, and 92.9%, respectively. Follow-up scintigraphy (n = 14) 4 months after initial diagnosis and 1 month after antibiotic withdrawal confirmed cure of osteomyelitis despite the absence of complete clinical regression of the ulcers. In conclusion, 99m Tc-HMPAO labelled leucocyte scintigraphy was found to be an excellent method for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. It can contribute to follow-up, particularly when clinical regression of perforating ulcers is incomplete and cure of osteomyelitis must be confirmed in order that antibiotic treatment may be discontinued. (orig.)

Contribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime labelled leucocyte scintigraphy to the diagnosis of diabetic foot infection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Devillers, A.; Moisan, A.; Garin, E.; Bourguet, P. [CRLCC Eugene Marquis, Service de Medecine Nucleaire, Rennes (France); Hennion, F.; Poirier, J.Y. [CHRU Pontchaillou, Service d`Endocrinologie, Rennes (France)

1998-02-01

We conducted a prospective study in order to evaluate the contribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO) labelled leucocyte scintigraphy to the diagnosis and follow-up of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. The study was conducted between October 1992 and November 1996 and included 42 patients (30 men and 12 women; mean age 63 years) with diabetes mellitus (type 1, n = 22, type 2, n = 20) who had a total of 56 diabetic foot ulcers. The initial exploration included standard radiography, three-phase bone scintigraphy and {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO labelled leucocyte scintigraphy (HMPAO-LS), performed within a 3-day interval. For the 56 ulceration sites, 26 cases of osteomyelitis were diagnosed: ten on the basis of radiographic and histological/bacteriological criteria after bone biopsy, 11 after radiographic follow-up and five on the basis of biopsy results alone. No osteomyelitis was present at 30 sites, there were seven cases of cellulitis. The sensitivity and specificity of {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO-LS were 88.4% and 96.6% respectively (23 true-positives, 29 true-negatives, one false-positive, three false-negatives). The accuracy of radiography, {sup 99m}Tc-methylene diphosphonate and HMPAO-LS was 69.6%, 62.5%, and 92.9%, respectively. Follow-up scintigraphy (n = 14) 4 months after initial diagnosis and 1 month after antibiotic withdrawal confirmed cure of osteomyelitis despite the absence of complete clinical regression of the ulcers. In conclusion, {sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO labelled leucocyte scintigraphy was found to be an excellent method for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in the diabetic foot. It can contribute to follow-up, particularly when clinical regression of perforating ulcers is incomplete and cure of osteomyelitis must be confirmed in order that antibiotic treatment may be discontinued. (orig.) With 5 figs., 3 tabs., 28 refs.

The Inhibitive Effect of 2-Phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo [1, 2-a]pyridine on the Corrosion of Steel in 0.5 M HCl Acid Solution

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K. Bouhrira

2010-01-01

Full Text Available The effect of 2-phenyl-3-nitroso-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (PNIP on the corrosion inhibition of carbon-steel in 0.5 M HCl was studied by weight loss and different electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS, potentiodynamic polarization. The obtained results showed that PNIP effectively reduces the corrosion rate of carbon steel. Inhibition efficiency (E% increases with inhibitor concentration to attain 88% at 10-3 M. Adsorption of that PNIP on the carbon steel surface in 0.5 M HCl follows the Langmuir isotherm model. E% values obtained from various methods used are in good agreement. SEM characterization of the steel surface is made.

Removal of boron(III) by N-methylglucamine-type cellulose derivatives with higher adsorption rate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inukai, Yoshinari; Tanaka, Yoshiharu; Matsuda, Toshio; Mihara, Nobutake; Yamada, Kouji; Nambu, Nobuyoshi; Itoh, Osamu; Doi, Takao; Kaida, Yasuhiko; Yasuda, Seiji

2004-01-01

To obtain adsorbents for boron(III) derived from a natural polymer, two forms (powder and fiber) of N-methylglucamine-type cellulose derivatives were newly synthesized. After the graft polymerization of two forms of cellulose with vinyl monomer having epoxy groups, the N-methylglucamine-type cellulose derivatives were obtained by the reaction of the grafted cellulose with N-methylglucamine. The adsorption capacities of the cellulose derivatives for boron(III) were the same levels as that of a commercially available N-methylglucamine-type polystyrene resin. However, the cellulose derivatives adsorbed boron(III) more quickly than the polystyrene resin. The adsorption and desorption of boron(III) with a column method using the cellulose fiber were achieved at a higher flow rate than that using the polystyrene resin. In addition, the boron(III), adsorbed on the cellulose fiber column, was quantitatively recovered with dilute hydrochloric acid in 20- and 200-fold increased concentrations. Consequently, it was found that the cellulose derivatives were superior to the polystyrene resin as adsorbents for boron(III) for treatment of a large quantity of wastewater

Delayed myelosuppression with acute exposure to hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and environmental degradation product hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX) in rats

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaligama, Sridhar; Kale, Vijay M.; Wilbanks, Mitchell S. [Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209 (United States); Perkins, Edward J. [US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS 39180 (United States); Meyer, Sharon A., E-mail: meyer@ulm.edu [Department of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209 (United States)

2013-02-01

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), a widely used munitions compound, and hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine (MNX), its N-nitroso product of anaerobic microbial nitroreduction, are contaminants of military sites. Previous studies have shown MNX to be the most acutely toxic among the nitroreduced degradation products of RDX and to cause mild anemia at high dose. The present study compares hematotoxicity with acute oral exposure to MNX with parent RDX. Both RDX and MNX caused a modest decrease in blood hemoglobin and ∼ 50% loss of granulocytes (NOAELs = 47 mg/kg) in female Sprague–Dawley rats observed 14 days post-exposure. We explored the possibility that blood cell loss observed after 14 days was delayed in onset because of toxicity to bone marrow (BM) progenitors. RDX and MNX decreased granulocyte/macrophage-colony forming cells (GM-CFCs) at 14, but not 7, days (NOAELs = 24 mg/kg). The earliest observed time at which MNX decreased GM-CFCs was 10 days post-exposure. RDX and MNX likewise decreased BM burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-Es) at 14, but not 7, days. Granulocyte–erythrocyte–monocyte–megakaryocyte (GEMM)-CFCs were unaffected by RDX and MNX at 7 days suggesting precursor depletion did not account for GM-CFC and BFU-E loss. MNX added to the culture media was without effect on GM-CFC formation indicating no direct inhibition. Flow cytometry showed no differential loss of BM multilineage progenitors (Thy1.1{sup +}) or erythroid (CD71{sup +}) precursors with MNX suggesting myeloid and erythroid lineages were comparably affected. Collectively, these data indicate that acute exposure to both RDX and MNX caused delayed suppression of myelo- and erythropoiesis with subsequent decrease of peripheral granulocytes and erythrocytes. Highlights: ► Acute oral exposure to munitions RDX causes myelosuppression. ► Environmental degradation product MNX is comparable in effect. ► RDX and MNX are cytotoxic to both myeloid and erythroid

THE PRODUCTS OF THE CYCLIZING DEHYDRATION OF 1-BETA-PHENYLETHYLCYCLOHEXANOL-1 AND THE SYNTHESIS OF SPIROCYCLOHEXANE-1,1-INDANONE-3.

Science.gov (United States)

Levitz, M; Perlman, D; Bogert, M T

1939-08-04

(1) Spirocyclohexane-1,1-indanone (VI) has been found among the oxidation products of the hydrocarbon mixture which results when 1-beta-phenylethylcyclohexanol-1 is dehydrated, or when 1-beta-phenylethylcyclohexene is cyclized by aluminum trichloride, and its constitution has been proved by synthesis (2) Its oxime melts at 137-137.8 degrees (corr.). The oxime of m.p. 187.5 degrees , reported by Cook et al. therefore must be derived from some other ketone, perhaps the trans-ketoöctahydrophenanthrene, since we were unable to isolate any oxime of m.p. 177 degrees , the figure which they reported for this compound.

Perspectives in production of functional meat products

Science.gov (United States)

Vasilev, D.; Glišić, M.; Janković, V.; Dimitrijević, M.; Karabasil, N.; Suvajdžić, B.; Teodorović, V.

2017-09-01

The meat industry has met new challenges since the World Health Organization classified processed meat in carcinogenic Group 1. In relation to this, the functional food concept in meat processing has gained importance, especially in reducing carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as an additional imperative, apart from the usual fat and salt reduction and product enrichment with functional ingredients. PAH reduction relies on control of the smoking process, but there is also a possibility they could be degraded by means of probiotic microorganisms or spices. The reduction of N-nitroso compounds could be provided by lowering the amount of added nitrite/nitrate, using substitutes for these chemicals, and/or by preventing conditions for the creation of N-nitroso compounds. Nevertheless, fat and salt reductions still remain topical, and rely mostly on the use of functional ingredients as their substitutes.

NSVZ scheme with the higher derivative regularization for N=1 SQED

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kataev, A.L.; Stepanyantz, K.V.

2013-01-01

The exact NSVZ relation between a β-function of N=1 SQED and an anomalous dimension of the matter superfields is studied within the Slavnov higher derivative regularization approach. It is shown that if the renormalization group functions are defined in terms of the bare coupling constant, this relation is always valid. In the renormalized theory the NSVZ relation is obtained in the momentum subtraction scheme supplemented by a special finite renormalization. Unlike the dimensional reduction, the higher derivative regularization allows to fix this finite renormalization. This is made by imposing the conditions Z 3 (α,μ=Λ)=1 and Z(α,μ=Λ)=1 on the renormalization constants of N=1 SQED, where Λ is a parameter in the higher derivative term. The results are verified by the explicit three-loop calculation. In this approximation we relate the DR ¯ scheme and the NSVZ scheme defined within the higher derivative approach by the finite renormalization

Efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso na anestesia durante pneumoperitônio em intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica

OpenAIRE

Fernandes, Cláudia Regina; Souza Filho, Lenilson Marinho; Gomes, Josenilia Maria Alves; Messias, Erik Leite; Escalante, Rodrigo Dornfeld

2007-01-01

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A instalação do pneumoperitônio durante intervenção cirúrgica videolaparoscópica induz à ativação de mecanismos neuroendócrinos, alterações cardiovasculares e hormonais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da adição do óxido nitroso sobre a resposta simpática cardiovascular e a concentração expirada de sevoflurano (CEsevo) durante o pneumoperitônio, objetivando manter adequação anestésica avaliada por meio de parâmetros hemodinâmicos, do BIS e SEF95% em c...

Compromised redox homeostasis, altered nitroso-redox balance, and therapeutic possibilities in atrial fibrillation.

Science.gov (United States)

Simon, Jillian N; Ziberna, Klemen; Casadei, Barbara

2016-04-01

Although the initiation, development, and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) have been linked to alterations in myocyte redox state, the field lacks a complete understanding of the impact these changes may have on cellular signalling, atrial electrophysiology, and disease progression. Recent studies demonstrate spatiotemporal changes in reactive oxygen species production shortly after the induction of AF in animal models with an uncoupling of nitric oxide synthase activity ensuing in the presence of long-standing persistent AF, ultimately leading to a major shift in nitroso-redox balance. However, it remains unclear which radical or non-radical species are primarily involved in the underlying mechanisms of AF or which proteins are targeted for redox modification. In most instances, only free radical oxygen species have been assessed; yet evidence from the redox signalling field suggests that non-radical species are more likely to regulate cellular processes. A wider appreciation for the distinction of these species and how both species may be involved in the development and maintenance of AF could impact treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize how redox second-messenger systems are regulated and discuss the recent evidence for alterations in redox regulation in the atrial myocardium in the presence of AF, while identifying some critical missing links. We also examine studies looking at antioxidants for the prevention and treatment of AF and propose alternative redox targets that may serve as superior therapeutic options for the treatment of AF. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

Generalization of Fuzzy Laplace Transforms of Fuzzy Fractional Derivatives about the General Fractional Order n-1<β<n

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Amal Khalaf Haydar

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The main aim in this paper is to use all the possible arrangements of objects such that r1 of them are equal to 1 and r2 (the others of them are equal to 2, in order to generalize the definitions of Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives (about order 0<β<n for a fuzzy-valued function. Also, we find fuzzy Laplace transforms for Riemann-Liouville and Caputo fractional derivatives about the general fractional order n-1<β<n under H-differentiability. Some fuzzy fractional initial value problems (FFIVPs are solved using the above two generalizations.

Synthesis of N-methyl-N-formyltyramine, a new {beta}-phenethylamide derivative isolated from Cyathobasis fruticulosa (Bunge) aellen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Larghi, Enrique L.; Kaufman, Teodoro S. [Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario (Argentina). Instituto de Quimica Organica de Sintesis (IQUIOS); Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario (Argentina). Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas; E-mail: tkaufman@fbioyf.unr.edu.ar

2006-05-15

The synthesis of N-methyl-N-formyltyramine, a novel {beta}-phenethylamide derivative isolated from Cyathobasis fructiculosa (Bunge) Aellen, is reported. The natural product was prepared in six steps and good overall yield from 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. (author)

Benzazole derivatives: V. The reactivity of some 2-p-tolyl-and 2-p-methylstyryl-benzimidazolium salts

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Cernatescu Corina

2004-01-01

Full Text Available The reactivity of the p-substituted methyl group in 1-methyl-2-p-tolylbenzimidazolium and 1-methyl-2-p-methylstyrylbenzimidazolium iodides with p-nitroso-dimethylaniline (p-NDMA and aromatic aldehydes was studied. According to literature data on the steric effects produced by the bulky N-l methyl group, the 2-p-tolyl substituted salt does not react with p-NDMA. On the other hand, 2-p-methylstyryl substituted salts give condensation reactions, similarly to 1,2,3-trimethylbenzimidazolium iodides. The compounds obtained from the reaction with aromatic aldehydes can be used as dyeing substances, photosensitizers or as dienic monomers, due to the conjugated chain from C-2.

Carbonyl(N-nitroso-N-oxido-1-naphtylamine-κ2O,O′(triphenylphosphine-κPrhodium(I acetone solvate

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. J. Muller

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The title compound, [Rh(C10H7N2O2(C18H15P(CO]·(CH32CO, is the second structural report of a metal complex formed with the O,O′-C10H7N2O2 (neocupferrate ligand. In the crystal structure, the metal centre is surrounded by one carbonyl ligand, one triphenylphosphine ligand and the bidentate neocupferrate ligand, forming a distorted square-planar RhCO2P coordination set which is best illustrated by the small O—Rh—O bite angle of 77.74 (10°. There are no classical hydrogen-bond interactions observed for this complex.

Nitrosation and Nitration of Fulvic Acid, Peat and Coal with Nitric Acid.

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Kevin A Thorn

Full Text Available Nitrohumic acids, produced from base extraction of coals and peats oxidized with nitric acid, have received considerable attention as soil ammendments in agriculture. The nitration chemistry however is incompletely understood. Moreover, there is a need to understand the reaction of nitric acid with natural organic matter (NOM in general, in the context of a variety of environmental and biogeochemical processes. Suwannee River NOM, Suwannee River fulvic acid, and Pahokee Peat fulvic acid were treated with 15N-labeled nitric acid at concentrations ranging from 15% to 22% and analyzed by liquid and solid state 15N NMR spectroscopy. Bulk Pahokee peat and Illinois #6 coal were also treated with nitric acid, at 29% and 40% respectively, and analyzed by solid state 15N NMR spectroscopy. In addition to nitro groups from nitration of aromatic carbon, the 15N NMR spectra of all five samples exhibited peaks attributable to nitrosation reactions. These include nitrosophenol peaks in the peat fulvic acid and Suwannee River samples, from nitrosation of phenolic rings, and N-nitroso groups in the peat samples, from nitrosation of secondary amides or amines, the latter consistent with the peat samples having the highest naturally abundant nitrogen contents. Peaks attributable to Beckmann and secondary reactions of the initially formed oximes were present in all spectra, including primary amide, secondary amide, lactam, and nitrile nitrogens. The degree of secondary reaction product formation resulting from nitrosation reactions appeared to correlate inversely with the 13C aromaticities of the samples. The nitrosation reactions are most plausibly effected by nitrous acid formed from the reduction of nitric acid by oxidizable substrates in the NOM and coal samples.

Complexes of o-Vanillin oxime with La(III), Ce(III), Nd(III), Sm(III), Gd(III), Tb(III), Dy(III), Ho(III) and Yb(III)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dhar, M.L.; Gupta, V.K.; Singh, Onkar

1988-01-01

Ten complexes of lanthanides with o-vanillin oxime have been swynthesised and characterised. The composition of the complexes as determined by elemental and thermal analyses, infrared electronic spectral and magnetic moment studies is [Ln(C 8 H 8 NO 3 ) 3 .XH 2 O], where X=2 when Ln=La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and X=3 when Ln=Gd, Dy, Tb, Ho, Yb; C 8 H 8 NO 3 - represents the anion of the ligand. (author). 16 refs., 2 figs., 2 tables

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission tomography of regional cerebral blood flow in insulin-dependent diabetes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Keymeulen, B.; Metz, K. de; Cluydts, R.; Bossuyt, A.; Somers, G.

1996-01-01

The study was performed to investigate subclinical abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and to correlate them with patients' characteristics. After intravenous injection of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), tracer uptake of the prefrontal, frontal and parieto-occipital zones was measured with a triple-head single-photon emission tomography (SPET) camera system in 35 IDDM patients outside an episode of hypolycaemia. Tracer uptake values in 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as reference values. Compared with healthy subjects, increased tracer uptake of both prefrontal regions and the left frontal region could be shown in diabetes. Tracer uptake was negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes in all investigated regions. In diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years (n=26), stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between their HbA1c levels and tracer uptake. Long-term diabetic patients with reduced (pre)frontal tracer uptake (n=8) had lower HbA1c levels than those without (8.4%±0.2% vs 9.3%±0.3%, P<0.05) and tended to have more frequently a history of hypoglycaemic coma (6/8 v 6/18, P=0.06). It can be concluded that duration of diabetes contributes to subclinical changes in basal rCBF in IDDM as detected with HMPAO SPET of the brain. The positive correlation between the presence of regional hypoperfusion and lower HbA1c levels in long-term diabetic patients may be interpreted in the light of presumed higher incidence of hypoglycaemia as metabolic control improves. (orig.)

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission tomography of regional cerebral blood flow in insulin-dependent diabetes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Keymeulen, B. [Dept. of Internal Medicine, Academic Hospital VUB, Brussels (Belgium); Metz, K. de [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Hospital VUB, Brussels (Belgium); Cluydts, R. [Dept. of Psychology, Academic Hospital VUB, Brussels (Belgium); Bossuyt, A. [Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Hospital VUB, Brussels (Belgium); Somers, G.

1996-02-01

The study was performed to investigate subclinical abnormalities in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and to correlate them with patients` characteristics. After intravenous injection of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO), tracer uptake of the prefrontal, frontal and parieto-occipital zones was measured with a triple-head single-photon emission tomography (SPET) camera system in 35 IDDM patients outside an episode of hypolycaemia. Tracer uptake values in 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as reference values. Compared with healthy subjects, increased tracer uptake of both prefrontal regions and the left frontal region could be shown in diabetes. Tracer uptake was negatively correlated with the duration of diabetes in all investigated regions. In diabetic patients with a disease duration of more than 5 years (n=26), stepwise regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between their HbA1c levels and tracer uptake. Long-term diabetic patients with reduced (pre)frontal tracer uptake (n=8) had lower HbA1c levels than those without (8.4%{+-}0.2% vs 9.3%{+-}0.3%, P<0.05) and tended to have more frequently a history of hypoglycaemic coma (6/8 v 6/18, P=0.06). It can be concluded that duration of diabetes contributes to subclinical changes in basal rCBF in IDDM as detected with HMPAO SPET of the brain. The positive correlation between the presence of regional hypoperfusion and lower HbA1c levels in long-term diabetic patients may be interpreted in the light of presumed higher incidence of hypoglycaemia as metabolic control improves. (orig.)

New assignment of 14N NQR spectral lines for tetrazoles derivatives

Science.gov (United States)

Mamadazizov, Sultonazar; Shelyapina, Marina G.; Kupriyanova, Galina S.; Mozzhukhin, George V.

2018-04-01

In recent years, considerable interest has been shown in the study of tetrazole derivatives, which attract attention as highly nitrogenous compounds for use as an isosteric substitutes for various functional groups that leads to creation of novel biologically active substances. NQR techniques, being sensitive to the local environment of 14N nuclei, provide great opportunities to study these new substances. To make investigation of complex compounds containing tetrazoles derivatives easier and more reliable a correctly assigned 14N NQR spectra of tetrazoles are required. Here we report on the results of our DFT B3LYP calculations of 14N NQR spectral parameters (quadrupole coupling constant Qcc and the asymmetry parameter of the electric field gradient η) for tetrazole, 5-aminotetrazole and 5-aminotetrazole monohydrate. It has been found that the commonly accepted assignment of the 14N NQR spectral lines for these molecules is incorrect. A new assignment for these molecules is proposed.

Anestesia com cetamina, midazolam e óxido nitroso em cães submetidos à esofagoplastia cervical Ketamine, midazolam and nitrous oxide anesthesia in dogs submitted to cervical esophagoplasty

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juliana Tabarelli Brondani

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a anestesia intravenosa com cetamina e midazolam (K-M em cães ventilados mecanicamente com 66% de óxido nitroso e 33% de oxigênio ou 100% de oxigênio. Foram utilizados 16 cães sem raça definida, hígidos, com peso médio de 14,2 ± 3,78kg, submetidos a jejum sólido de 12 horas prévio ao procedimento. A anestesia foi induzida com a associação de cetamina (10mg.kg-1 e midazolam (0,5mg.kg-1 administrados na mesma seringa por via intravenosa (IV. Para manutenção anestésica, foi utilizada cetamina (5mg.kg-1 e midazolam (0,25mg.kg-1 administrados por via IV em intervalos de 10 minutos. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: N2O e O2. No grupo N2O, os cães foram ventilados mecanicamente com 66% de óxido nitroso e 33% de oxigênio. No grupo O2, somente o oxigênio foi utilizado para ventilação artificial. Em ambos os grupos, os animais foram submetidos à esofagoplastia cervical. As variáveis fisiológicas utilizadas para comparação entre os grupos foram: freqüência cardíaca, pressões arteriais sistólica, média e diastólica, saturação de oxigênio da hemoglobina e temperatura corporal. A necessidade ou não de doses adicionais da associação cetamina e midazolam também foi registrada para comparação. A análise estatística dos resultados não demonstrou diferenças significativas nas variáveis fisiológicas entre os grupos. No grupo O2, foram necessárias doses maiores da associação K-M para manutenção anestésica nos 30 minutos iniciais (pThis study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ketamine, midazolam, and nitrous oxide anesthesia (K-M in dogs artificially ventilated with 66% nitrous oxide and 33% oxygen or 100% oxygen. These dogs were submitted to experimental cervical esophagoplasty. Sixteen clinically healtly mixed breed dogs with mean body weight of 14.2 ± 3.78kg were studied. A 12-hour fasting period was established for each dog. Anesthesia was produced

Synthesis, SAR and biological evaluation of a novel series of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(2-(3-oxobenzoelenazol-2(3H)-yl)ethyl) urea: Organoselenium compounds for cancer therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Ye, S; Zheng, X; Hu, T; Zeng, H

2016-06-30

Thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is an important potential anticancer drug target and closely related to both carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Ethaselen (BBSKE), a novel organoselenium compound inhibiting TrxR1 with selective antitumor effect, while its symmetrical structure results in poor solubility. Carmustine (BCNU), a DNA cross-link agent and also a deactivator of TrxR, is with high toxicity and low selectivity which limit its clinical application to some extents. Herein, a novel compound, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(2-(3-oxobenzoelenazol-2(3H)-yl)ethyl)urea(4a-1), which was designed through the combination of Ethaselen and Carmustine, showed good solubility, good tagetability, low toxicity and excellent antitumor activity by synergism. Using the structure of 4a-1 as a key active scaffold, a series of novel 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(2-(3-oxobenzoelenazol-2(3H)-yl)ethyl)urea was designed, synthesized and evaluated to explore the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these inhibitors and to improve their antitumor activities. Notably, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2-(6-fluoro-3-oxobenzoselenazol-2(3H)-yl)ethyl)-1-nitrosourea(4b-1) was found to exhibit more potent antitumor activities comparable to 4a-1 against all the four cancer cell lines, including Mia PaCa-2, PANC-1, RKO, LoVo. These results have highlighted compound 4b-1 as a new potential lead candidate for future development of novel potent broad-spectrum antitumor agents. In addition, a SAR model was established to conduct further structural modification.

Generalized relations among N-dimensional Coulomb Green's functions using fractional derivatives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blinder, S.M.; Pollock, E.L.

1989-01-01

Hostler [J. Math. Phys. 11, 2966 (1970)] has shown that Coulomb Green's functions of different dimensionality N are related by G (N+2) =OG (N) , where O is a first-order derivative operator in the variables x and y. Thus all the even-dimensional functions are connected, as are analogously the odd-dimensional functions. It is shown that the operations of functional differentiation and integration can further connect the even- to the odd-dimensional functions, so that Hostler's relation can be extended to give G (N+1) =O 1/2 G (N)

Diammine{N-[2-(hydroxyiminopropionyl]-N′-[2-(oxidoiminopropionyl]propane-1,3-diaminido-κ4N,N′,N′′,N′′′}iron(III

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stefania Tomyn

2012-12-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, [Fe(C9H13N4O4(NH32], the FeIII atom, lying on a mirror plane, is coordinated by four N atoms of a triply deprotonated tetradentate N-[2-(hydroxyiminopropionyl]-N′-[2-(oxidoiminopropionyl]propane-1,3-diaminide ligand in the equatorial plane and two N atoms of two ammonia molecules at the axial positions in a distorted octahedral geometry. A short intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond between the cis-disposed oxime O atoms stabilizes the pseudo-macrocyclic configuration of the ligand. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The ligand has a mirror-plane symmetry. One of the methylene groups of the propane bridge is disordered over two sets of sites with equal occupancy factors.

Extraction of uranium(VI) by emulsion liquid membrane containing 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxy-6-dodecanone oxime

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Akiba, Kenichi; Takahashi, Toshihiko; Kanno, Takuji

1984-01-01

Extraction of uranium(VI) by a liquid surfactant membrane has been studied. The stability of water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion dispersed in the continuous aqueous phase increased with an increase in surfactant concentrations and in the fraction of the organic phase in emulsion globules. Uranium(VI) in dilute acid solutions was extracted into (w/o) emulsions containing 5,8-diethyl-7-hydroxy-6-dodecanone oxime (LIX 63) as a mobile carrier and its concentration decreased according to [U]sub(t)=[U]sub(o)exp(-ksub(obsd)t). The apparent rate constants (ksub(obsd)) increased with an increase in carrier concentrations and in external pH values, while they were slightly dependent on the stripping acid concentrations. Uranium was transported and concentrated into the internal aqueous droplets. The final concentration of uranium in the external aqueous phase dropped to about 10 -3 of its initial value. (author)

Synthesis of Novel Aliphatic N-sulfonylamidino Thymine Derivatives by Cu(I)-catalyzed Three-component Coupling Reaction

OpenAIRE

Krstulović, Luka; Ismaili, Hamit; Višnjevac, Aleksandar; Glavaš-Obrovac, Ljubica; Žinić, Biserka

2012-01-01

A series of new aliphatic N-sulfonylamidino thymine derivatives containing nucleobase, N-sulfonyl and amidine pharmacophores in the structure were synthesized by Cu(I)-catalyzed threecomponent coupling of 1-propargyl thymine, benzenesulfonyl azides and amines or ammonium salts. Preliminary in vitro antitumor screening (human cervix adenocarcinoma -HeLa and leukemia cells - Jurkat) revealed promising activities of N,N-diethyl- (2) and N-4-cyanobenzyl- (6) derivatives of 4-acetamido...

Flujos de gases de efecto invernadero, potencial de calentamiento global y evaluación de emergía del sistema agroforestal Quesungual en el sur de Lempira, Honduras

OpenAIRE

Ferreira Catrileo, Oscar Iván

2008-01-01

El Sistema Agroforestal Quesungual (SAQ) es un sistema conservacionista que se practica en el sur de Lempira, Honduras. Se considera como una alternativa viable frente al sistema tradicional de tala y quema, pero se desconocen sus beneficios ambientales como la reducción de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero y la utilización de recursos renovables y sostenibles. Se determinaron los flujos de los gases de efecto invernadero: óxido nitroso (N2O), metano (CH4) y dióxido de carbono (CO2...

Emissão de óxido nitroso nos processos de remoção biológica de nitrogênio de efluentes Nitrous oxide emission in the biological nitrogen removal process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcelo Bortoli

2012-03-01

Full Text Available O óxido nitroso (N2O é altamente impactante ao meio ambiente por ser um dos três gases mais importantes quando considerado o alto potencial de efeito estufa e a baixa quantidade emitida para a atmosfera. A preocupação com a geração de N2O no tratamento de efluentes tem crescido nas duas últimas décadas. Muitos estudos vêm sendo realizados com o objetivo de avaliar as condições de geração e emissão de N2O em etapas de remoção de nitrogênio no tratamento, tanto em escala laboratorial quanto em estações de tratamento de efluentes. Essas pesquisas demonstram que, sob certas condições, ambos os processos podem produzir e emitir grandes quantidades de N2O para a atmosfera, o que remete à importância de mais investigações para determinar as condições específicas que minimizem a produção e a emissão de N2O nesse caso.The nitrous oxide (N2O has a high striking power in environmental. It's one of the three most important greenhouse gases, when considered the greenhouse potential and emissions to the atmosphere. The concern in the two last decades with the N2O generation in wastewater treatment has grown. Many studies have been conducted with the objective of evaluate the conditions of N2O generation and emission in the nitrification and denitrification process, in biological nitrogen removal of wastewater treatment, both lab scale and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP. These studies show that under certain conditions, both processes can generate and emit large amounts of N2O to the atmosphere, what demonstrates the importance of conducting further investigations to determine specific conditions that minimize N2O production and emission.

Journal of Chemical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Synthesis, spectra and electrochemistry of dinitro-bis-{2-(phenylazo)pyrimidine} ruthenium(II). Nitro-nitroso derivatives and reactivity of the electrophilic nitrosyl centre ... functions which are not affected under these conditions. pp 425-428. One-pot efficient green synthesis of 1,4-dihydro-quinoxaline-2,3-dione derivatives.

Isovanillin derived N-(un)substituted hydroxylamines possessing an ortho-allylic group: valuable precursors to bioactive N-heterocycles.

Science.gov (United States)

Dulla, Balakrishna; Tangellamudi, Neelima D; Balasubramanian, Sridhar; Yellanki, Swapna; Medishetti, Raghavender; Kumar Banote, Rakesh; Hari Chaudhari, Girish; Kulkarni, Pushkar; Iqbal, Javed; Reiser, Oliver; Pal, Manojit

2014-04-28

The intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isovanillin derived N-aryl hydroxylamines possessing ortho-allylic dipolarophiles affords novel benzo analogues of tricyclic isoxazolidines that can be readily transformed into functionalized lactams, γ-aminoalcohols and oxazepines. The corresponding N-unsubstituted hydroxylamines give rise to tetrahydroisoquinolines. Anxiogenic properties of these compounds are tested in zebra fish.

ESI(+-MS and GC-MS Study of the Hydrolysis of N-Azobenzyl Derivatives of Chitosan

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Fernanda S. Pereira

2014-10-01

Full Text Available New N-p-chloro-, N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzylchitosan derivatives, as well as the corresponding azophenyl and azophenyl-p-sulfonic acids, were synthesized by coupling N-benzylvchitosan with aryl diazonium salts. The synthesized molecules were analyzed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 15N-NMR spectroscopy. The capacity of copper chelation by these materials was studied by AAS. Chitosan and the derivatives were subjected to hydrolysis and the products were analyzed by ESI(+-MS and GC-MS, confirming the formation of N-benzyl chitosan. Furthermore, the MS results indicate that a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SnAr reaction occurs under hydrolysis conditions, yielding chloroaniline from N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazo-benzylchitosan as well as bromoaniline from N-p-chloro-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzyl-chitosan.

Dopaminergic profile of new heterocyclic N-phenylpiperazine derivatives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neves G.

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the content of central catecholamines and has a crucial role in the etiology of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, depression and schizophrenia. Several dopaminergic drugs are used to treat these pathologies, but many problems are attributed to these therapies. Within this context, the search for new more efficient dopaminergic agents with less adverse effects represents a vast research field. The aim of the present study was to report the structural design of two N-phenylpiperazine derivatives, compound 4: 1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl-1H-4-pyrazolylmethyl]-4-phenylhexahydropyrazine and compound 5: 1-[1-(4-chlorophenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylmethyl]-4-phenylhexahydropyrazine, planned to be dopamine ligands, and their dopaminergic action profile. The two compounds were assayed (dose range of 15-40 mg/kg in three experimental models: 1 blockade of amphetamine (30 mg/kg, ip-induced stereotypy in rats; 2 the catalepsy test in mice, and 3 apomorphine (1 mg/kg, ip-induced hypothermia in mice. Both derivatives induced cataleptic behavior (40 mg/kg, ip and a hypothermic response (30 mg/kg, ip which was not prevented by haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, ip. Compound 5 (30 mg/kg, ip also presented a synergistic hypothermic effect with apomorphine (1 mg/kg, ip. Only compound 4 (30 mg/kg, ip significantly blocked the amphetamine-induced stereotypy in rats. The N-phenylpiperazine derivatives 4 and 5 seem to have a peculiar profile of action on dopaminergic functions. On the basis of the results of catalepsy and amphetamine-induced stereotypy, the compounds demonstrated an inhibitory effect on dopaminergic behaviors. However, their hypothermic effect is compatible with the stimulation of dopaminergic function which seems not to be mediated by D2/D3 receptors.

N9-Substituted N(6)-[(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]purine derivatives and their biological activity in selected cytokinin bioassays

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Mik, V.; Szüčová, Lucie; Spíchal, Lukáš; Plíhal, O.; Nisler, Jaroslav; Zahajská, L.; Doležal, Karel; Strnad, Miroslav

2011-01-01

Roč. 19, č. 23 (2011), s. 7244-7251 ISSN 0968-0896 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ED0007/01/01; GA ČR GA522/09/1576 Keywords : N6-[(3-Methylbut-2-en-1-yl)amino]purine * Isopentenyladenine derivatives * N9-Substituted derivatives * Cytokinins * Cytokinin receptors Subject RIV: EF - Botanics Impact factor: 2.921, year: 2011

Extractive and spectrophotometric determination of U (VI) using 5-(3-phenolyl azo)-2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy propiophenone oxime (PHEPO)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Subrahmanyam, P.; Krishnapriya, B.; Rekha, D.; Reddy Prasad, P.; Chiranjeevi, P.

2007-01-01

A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of U (VI) using 5-(3-phenolyl azo)-2-hydroxy-4-ethoxy propiophenone oxime (PHEPO) is developed. The reagent PHEPO was synthesized and used for extraction of uranium. At pH 8.5-10.0 uranium forms a purple colored complex with PHEPO which was then quantitatively extracted in chloroform showing maximum absorbance at wavelength of 380nm. The proposed method obeys Beer's law in the range of 1.2-19.0ppm. molar absorptivity and Sandelson's sensitivity of extracted species were calculated to be 1.750 x 104 lmol-1 cm-1 and 8.5 x 10-5 mg cm-2 respectively. The method was applied for the determination of uranium in synthetic and plant samples. It was found that the newly developed method is competent to those of standard methods. (author)

The role of the oximes HI-6 and HS-6 inside human acetylcholinesterase inhibited with nerve agents: a computational study.

Science.gov (United States)

Cuya, Teobaldo; Gonçalves, Arlan da Silva; da Silva, Jorge Alberto Valle; Ramalho, Teodorico C; Kuca, Kamil; C C França, Tanos

2017-10-27

The oximes 4-carbamoyl-1-[({2-[(E)-(hydroxyimino) methyl] pyridinium-1-yl} methoxy) methyl] pyridinium (known as HI-6) and 3-carbamoyl-1-[({2-[(E)-(hydroxyimino) methyl] pyridinium-1-yl} methoxy) methyl] pyridinium (known as HS-6) are isomers differing from each other only by the position of the carbamoyl group on the pyridine ring. However, this slight difference was verified to be responsible for big differences in the percentual of reactivation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibited by the nerve agents tabun, sarin, cyclosarin, and VX. In order to try to find out the reason for this, a computational study involving molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and binding energies calculations, was performed on the binding modes of HI-6 and HS-6 on human AChE (HssAChE) inhibited by those nerve agents.

Water-containing derivative phases of the Srn+1FenO3n+1 series

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lehtimaeki, M.; Hirasa, A.; Matvejeff, M.; Yamauchi, H.; Karppinen, M.

2007-01-01

The n=1, 2, 3 and ∞ members of the homologous series Sr n+1 Fe n O 3n+1 of layered iron oxides are investigated for their tendency to accept additional layers of water in their crystals. The phases possess a Ruddlesden-Popper-type SrO-(SrO-FeO 2 ) n crystal structure, where the n=∞ limit is nothing but the perovskite structure. It is revealed that the n=1, 2 and 3 phases readily accommodate one or two layers of water between adjacent SrO layers, whereas the n=∞ member which lacks the SrO-SrO double-layer unit remains intact in the presence of water. The speed of the water intercalation process is found to decrease with increasing n. Among the layered water derivatives, the n=2 phase with two water molecules per formula unit, i.e. Sr 3 Fe 2 O 7 .2H 2 O, was found to be most stable. - Graphical abstract: Water-containing derivative phases obtained from the homologous series of Sr n+1 Fe n O 3n+1 Ruddlesden-Popper phases through topotactic water intercalation

Evaluation of technetium 99m cyclobutylpropylene amine oxime as a potential brain perfusion imaging agent for SPET

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bacciottini, L.; Pupi, A.; Formiconi, A.R.; De Cristofaro, M.T.R.; Petti, A.R.M.; Meldolesi, U.

1990-01-01

99m Tc-labelled d,l-cyclobutylpropylene amine oxime ( 99m Tc-CBPAO) has been developed as a brain imaging agent for single photon emission tomography (SPET). 99m Tc-CBPAO can be prepared using a simple labelling procedure suitable for routine clinical use. It has a high in vitro stability, as has been demonstrated by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPCL) analysis. This shows that 3 h after labelling, less than 5% of the primary lipophilic complex which is capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) converts to a secondary hydrophilic complex. Brain uptake (% dose/g wet tissue) of 99m Tc-CBPAO, determined at 5 and 30 min after injection in two groups of six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, was found to be 0.74±0.06 and 0.73±0.13 (mean±SD), respectively. These values are not significantly different from those obtained repeating the experiment with 99m Tc-labelled hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO) (0.72±0.15 at 5 min and 0.88±0.24 at 30 min after injection). Since the rat brain uptake of 99m Tc-CBPAO remained unchanged for a period of time suitable for tomographic study, the comparison of the two tracers was extended to two groups of ten patients. The latter were affected by neurological and psychiatric disorders and were studied with SPET. Human brain uptake (% dose/cc cortical grey matter) of 99m Tc-CBPAO and 99m Tc-HMPAO were 3.04±0.57 and 4.22±0.46 (mean x 10 -3 ±SD x 10 -3 ), respectively, with a 32% significant difference. In two other groups of five patients, the first transit time-activity curves of the two tracers were compared. From the analysis of these curves we suggest that 99m Tc-CBPAO has a higher binding effect on blood components and/or a higher degradation rate in blood than that of 99m Tc-HMPAO. This may account for the reduced human brain uptake. In conclusion, SPET images of 99m Tc-CBPAO reflect blood perfusion, and they have a good diagnostic quality. The main advantage of 99m Tc-CBPAO is its in vitro stability

Antiseptic Effects of New 3'-N-Substituted Carbazole Derivatives In Vitro and In Vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Wonhwa; Kwak, Soyoung; Yun, Eunju; Lee, Jee Hyun; Na, MinKyun; Song, Gyu-Yong; Bae, Jong-Sup

2015-08-01

Inhibition of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein and restoration of endothelial integrity are emerging as attractive therapeutic strategies in the management of sepsis. Here, new five structurally related 3'-N-substituted carbazole derivatives were examined for their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated release of HMGB1 and on modulation of HMGB1-mediated inflammatory responses. We accessed this question by monitoring the effects of posttreatment carbazole derivatives on LPS- and CLP-mediated release of HMGB1 and HMGB1-mediated regulation of proinflammatory responses in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and septic mice. The new 3'-N-substituted carbazole derivatives 1-5 inhibited the release of HMGB1 and downregulated HMGB1-dependent inflammatory responses in human endothelial cells. New compounds also inhibited HMGB1-mediated hyperpermeability and leukocyte migration in mice. In addition, treatment with each compound reduced CLP-induced release of HMGB1 and sepsis-related mortality and pulmonary injury in mice. These results indicate that the new 3'-N-substituted carbazole derivatives could be candidate therapeutic agents for various severe vascular inflammatory diseases owing to their inhibition of the HMGB1 signaling pathway.

Green Alternatives to Nitrates and Nitrites in Meat-based Products-A Review.

Science.gov (United States)

Gassara, Fatma; Kouassi, Anne Patricia; Brar, Satinder Kaur; Belkacemi, Khaled

2016-10-02

Several food additives are added in food for their preservation to maintain the freshness of food (antioxidants) or to slow down or stop the growth of microorganisms (preservative agents). Nitrites and nitrates are used as preservative agents in meat. Nitrites give a smoked taste, a pinkish color in the meat and protect the consumers against the risk of bacterial deterioration. Their addition is however very limited as, in high dose, it can have risks on human health and the environment. Nitrites may also combine with secondary or tertiary amines to form N-nitroso derivatives. Certain N-nitroso compounds have been shown to produce cancers in a wide range of laboratory animals. Thus, alternatives of nitrates and nitrites are the object of numerous research studies. Alternatives, such as the addition of vitamins, fruits, chemicals products, natural products containing nitrite or spices, which have similar properties of nitrites, are in evaluation. In fact, spices are considered to have several organoleptic and anti-microbial properties which would be interesting to study. Several spices and combinations of spices are being progressively evaluated. This review discusses the sources of nitrites and nitrates, their use as additives in food products, their physicochemical properties, their negatives effects and the use of alternatives of nitrites and nitrates in preserving meat products.

Opening of small and intermediate calcium-activated potassium channels induces relaxation mainly mediated by nitric-oxide release in large arteries and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in small arteries from rat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stankevicius, Edgaras; Dalsgaard, Thomas; Kroigaard, Christel

2011-01-01

This study was designed to investigate whether calcium-activated potassium channels of small (SK(Ca) or K(Ca)2) and intermediate (IK(Ca) or K(Ca)3.1) conductance activated by 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime (NS309) are involved in both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-derived hyperpolar......This study was designed to investigate whether calcium-activated potassium channels of small (SK(Ca) or K(Ca)2) and intermediate (IK(Ca) or K(Ca)3.1) conductance activated by 6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime (NS309) are involved in both nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium...... in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and calcium concentrations were investigated in both HUVECs and mesenteric arterial endothelial cells. In both superior (∼1093 μm) and small mesenteric (∼300 μm) arteries, NS309 evoked endothelium- and concentration-dependent relaxations. In superior....... In small mesenteric arteries, NS309 relaxations were reduced slightly by ADMA, whereas apamin plus an IK(Ca) channel blocker almost abolished relaxation. Iberiotoxin did not change NS309 relaxation. HUVECs expressed mRNA for SK(Ca) and IK(Ca) channels, and NS309 induced increases in calcium, outward...

N6-Benzyladenosine Derivatives as Novel N-Donor Ligands of Platinum(II Dichlorido Complexes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ján Vančo

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The platinum(II complexes trans-[PtCl2(Ln2]∙xSolv 1–13 (Solv = H2O or CH3OH, involving N6-benzyladenosine-based N-donor ligands, were synthesized; Ln stands for N6-(2-methoxybenzyladenosine (L1, involved in complex 1, N6-(4-methoxy-benzyladenosine (L2, 2, N6-(2-chlorobenzyladenosine (L3, 3, N6-(4-chlorobenzyl-adenosine (L4, 4, N6-(2-hydroxybenzyladenosine (L5, 5, N6-(3-hydroxybenzyl-adenosine (L6, 6, N6-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyladenosine (L7, 7, N6-(4-fluoro-benzyladenosine (L8, 8, N6-(4-methylbenzyladenosine (L9, 9, 2-chloro-N6-(3-hydroxy-benzyladenosine (L10, 10, 2-chloro-N6-(4-hydroxybenzyladenosine (L11, 11, 2-chloro-N6-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyladenosine (L12, 12 and 2-chloro-N6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyladenosine (L13, 13. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, IR and multinuclear (1H-, 13C-, 195Pt- and 15N- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, which proved the N7-coordination mode of the appropriate N6-benzyladenosine derivative and trans-geometry of the title complexes. The complexes 1–13 were found to be non-toxic in vitro against two selected human cancer cell lines (HOS and MCF7; with IC50 > 50.0 µM. However, they were found (by ESI-MS study to be able to interact with the physiological levels of the sulfur-containing biogenic biomolecule L-methionine by a relatively simple 1:1 exchange mechanism (one Ln molecule was replaced by one L-methionine molecule, thus forming a mixed-nitrogen/sulfur-ligand dichlorido-platinum(II coordination species.

Radiopharmacology of iminodiacetic acid N-derivatives analysis in biological models and comparison to human beings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canellas, C.O.; Arguelles, M.G.; Mitta, A.E.A.

1987-01-01

It was studied the influence of chemical structures and molecular weight in the distribution of several iminodiacetic acid N-derivatives and to determine the potential use of these radiopharmaceuticals in humans. The study was performed with the following derivatives: N-(2,6 dimetyphenylcarbamoylmethy) iminodiacetic acid, N(2.6 dietylphenyl-carbamoylmethy) iminodiacetic acid, N-(2,6 diisopropylphenylcarbamoylmethy) iminodiacetic acid and the previously unknown N-derivative N-(2,6 diisopropyl, phenylcarbamoylethyl) iminodiacetic aced. These were sinthesized by a modified procedure by MITTA et al. and controlled by NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental composition and also toxicity pirogens, lethal dose and the chelate's radiochemical dose were determined. Liver gallbladder, intestinal and renal kinetics were studied in mice. In order to evaluate the metabolic pathways of the radiopharmaceuticals, the content of gallbladder and the urine were reinjected. Plasma kinetics and the plasmatic half life was determined by extracorporeal circulation in Wistar rats. For the use in human beings, test were carried out in different branches of nuclear medicine, in normal volunteers and carriers of different pathologic disorders. The patients were divided into four groups: acute and chronic cholecystitis, cirrhosis and jaundice. It was obtained the liver/heart activity ratio and estimated the appearance times of the intrahepatic ducts, gallbladder, duodenum and renal persistence. (M.E.L.) [es

Scalar potential from higher derivative N=1 superspace

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ciupke, David

2016-05-01

The supersymmetric completion of higher-derivative operators often requires introducing corrections to the scalar potential. In this paper we study these corrections systematically in the context of theories with N=1 global and local supersymmetry in D=4 focusing on ungauged chiral multiplets. In globally supersymmetric theories the most general off-shell effective scalar potential can be captured by a dependence of the Kaehler potential on additional chiral superfields. For supergravity we find a much richer structure of possible corrections. In this context we classify the leading order and next-to-leading order superspace derivative operators and determine the component forms of a subclass thereof. Moreover, we present an algorithm that simplifies the computation of the respective on-shell action. As particular applications we study the structure of the supersymmetric vacua for these theories and comment on the form of the corrections to shift-symmetric no-scale models. These results are relevant for the computation of effective actions for string compactifications and, in turn, for moduli stabilization and string inflation.

An LC-MS method for determination of milbemycin oxime in dog plasma.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Qianqian; Li, Jichang; Shen, Zhiqiang; Guo, Shijin; Wang, Yubo; Li, Feng

2014-10-01

An HPLC-MS method has been developed and validated for the quantitative determination of milbemycin oxime (MBO) in dog plasma. The developed method has been then applied in in vivo clinical studies to obtain pharmacokinetics of MBO in blood after its oral administration. Samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE). Sample proteins were precipitated with acetonitrile (ACN) and sodium chloride (NaCl) and then diluted with methanol and water. Calibration standards were prepared by using plasma matrix and following the same SPE procedure. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters C18 packed column (3.5 μm particles diameter; 3 × 100 mm) with a C18 guard column (3.5 μm particles diameter; 3 × 20 mm). The mobile phase was an 85:15 (v/v) mixed solution of ACN and 5 mM ammonium acetate. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 2.0-500 ng/mL with a limit of quantitation of 2.0 ng/mL. The oral administration of a pellet of 2.5 mg MBO produced blood concentrations ranging from 6.10 ± 0.92 to 78.81 ± 4.38 ng/mL within 6 h, with a terminal half-time of 11.66 ± 0.93 h. This study determined the suitability of the herein proposed method to investigate the pharmacokinetics of MBO after oral administration. © The Author [2013]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Photoreactivity of nifedipine in vitro and in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

de Vries, H; Beijersbergen van Henegouwen, G M

1998-06-01

Side effects of nitroaromatics used as drugs are often assumed to be caused by incomplete enzymatic reduction of the nitro group. However, photoactivation, although usually not considered as a cause of the toxic effects of nitroaromatics, can play a considerable role. Nifedipine, a nitroaromatic as well, is an important drug used in the treatment of myocardial ischaemia and hypertension. It is extremely sensitive to ultraviolet and visible light up to 450 nm and forms a nitroso derivative in vitro. In the present study it is shown that the nitroso compound is a short-lived intermediate in blood and plasma. It reacts with other constituents to form a stable lactam. In vivo, this lactam proves to be rapidly clear from the blood of rats and is excreted almost quantitatively via the bile. The first photoproduct of nifedipine, nitroso nifedipine, is shown to be converted into the lactam mentioned. Beside the lactam, two other products, which are considered to be derivatives of the lactam, are found. One of these two products is also found in the bile of a rat that was exposed to UVA light after intravenous nifedipine administration. This shows that in an in vivo situation, photoproducts can reach organs other than those exposed to the light. In vitro about 45 to 50% of the original amount of nifedipine is not recovered after exposure of nifedipine to UVA in the presence of bovine serum albumin or after incubation of nitroso nifedipine with bovine serum albumin in the dark. As complex binding of nifedipine of plasma proteins is high, the latter finding may have important implications for the situation in vivo.

Atmospheric transport of urban-derived NHx: Evidence from nitrogen concentration and δ15N in epilithic mosses at Guiyang, SW China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Xueyan; Xiao Huayun; Liu Congqiang; Li Youyi; Xiao Hongwei

2008-01-01

Nitrogen concentration and δ 15 N in 175 epilithic moss samples were investigated along four directions from urban to rural sites in Guiyang, SW China. The spatial variations of moss N concentration and δ 15 N revealed that atmospheric N deposition is dominated by NH x -N from two major sources (urban sewage NH 3 and agricultural NH 3 ), the deposition of urban-derived NH x followed a point source pattern characterized by an exponential decline with distance from the urban center, while the agricultural-derived NH x was shown to be a non-point source. The relationship between moss N concentration and distance (y = 1.5e -0.13x + 1.26) indicated that the maximum transporting distance of urban-derived NH x averaged 41 km from the urban center, and it could be determined from the relationship between moss δ 15 N and distance [y = 2.54 ln(x) - 12.227] that urban-derived NH x was proportionally lower than agricultural-derived NH x in N deposition at sites beyond 17.2 km from the urban center. Consequently, the variation of urban-derived NH x with distance from the urban center could be modeled as y = 56.272e -0.116x - 0.481 in the Guiyang area. - Tissue N concentration and δ 15 N in epilithic mosses may be indicators for atmospheric transport of urban-derived NH x

Evaluation of dysthymic disorder with technetium-99 m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain single-photon emission tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sarikaya, A.; Cermik, T.F. [Department of Nuclear Medicine, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne (Turkey); Karasin, E.; Abay, E. [Department of Psychiatry, Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Edirne (Turkey); Berkarda, S.

1999-03-01

Dysthymic disorder is a chronic disorder characterised by the presence of a depressed mood and is classified as a distinct category in DSM-IV, separately from major depression. Although brain imaging studies have been performed in major depressive disease, there have to date been no reports of such studies in dysthymic disorder. In this study 36 patients with dysthymic disorder were compared with 16 normal subjects using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain single-photon emission tomography. A relative blood flow ratio was calculated for each region of interest using the average tissue activity in the region divided by activity in the cerebellum. There were significant differences in the bilateral inferior frontal, bilateral parietal, right superior frontal and left posterior temporal regions in the patients with dysthymic disorder compared with the healthy controls. These findings support the hypothesis that the biological bases for dysthymic disorder and major depression are similar. Recognition of these regional abnormalities may have clinical utility in both the diagnosis and the treatment of dysthymic disorder. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and to assess the influence of treatment in patients with dysthymic disorder. (orig.) With 1 fig., 1 tab., 26 refs.

Evaluation of dysthymic disorder with technetium-99 m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain single-photon emission tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarikaya, A.; Cermik, T.F.; Karasin, E.; Abay, E.; Berkarda, S.

1999-01-01

Dysthymic disorder is a chronic disorder characterised by the presence of a depressed mood and is classified as a distinct category in DSM-IV, separately from major depression. Although brain imaging studies have been performed in major depressive disease, there have to date been no reports of such studies in dysthymic disorder. In this study 36 patients with dysthymic disorder were compared with 16 normal subjects using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain single-photon emission tomography. A relative blood flow ratio was calculated for each region of interest using the average tissue activity in the region divided by activity in the cerebellum. There were significant differences in the bilateral inferior frontal, bilateral parietal, right superior frontal and left posterior temporal regions in the patients with dysthymic disorder compared with the healthy controls. These findings support the hypothesis that the biological bases for dysthymic disorder and major depression are similar. Recognition of these regional abnormalities may have clinical utility in both the diagnosis and the treatment of dysthymic disorder. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and to assess the influence of treatment in patients with dysthymic disorder. (orig.)

Efficacy of a single dose of milbemycin oxime/praziquantel combination tablets, Milpro(®), against adult Echinococcus multilocularis in dogs and both adult and immature E. multilocularis in young cats.

Science.gov (United States)

Cvejic, Dejan; Schneider, Claudia; Fourie, Josephus; de Vos, Christa; Bonneau, Stephane; Bernachon, Natalia; Hellmann, Klaus

2016-03-01

Two single-site, laboratory, negatively controlled, masked, randomised dose confirmation studies were performed: one in dogs, the other in cats. After a period of acclimatisation, both the dogs and cats were orally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis protoscoleces. In the dog study, 10 dogs received a single dose of Milpro® tablets at a minimum dose of 0.5 mg/kg milbemycin oxime and 5 mg/kg praziquantel 18 days post-infection and 10 dogs received no treatment. In the cat study, 10 cats received a single dose of Milpro® tablets at a minimum dose of 2 mg/kg milbemycin oxime and 5 mg/kg praziquantel 7 days post-infection, 10 cats received a single dose of the treatment 18 days post-infection and 10 cats remained untreated. In both studies, intestinal worm counts were performed 23 days post-infection at necropsy. No worms were retrieved from any of the 30 treated animals. Nine of 10 control dogs had multiple worms (geometric mean 91, arithmetic mean 304) and all 10 control cats had multiple worms (geometric mean 216, arithmetic mean 481). The difference in worm counts between all three treated groups and their controls was highly significant (ANOVA p values of log transformed data dogs and cats as well as for elimination of immature E. multilocularis in cats as evidenced by the effectiveness of treatment 7 days post-infection. The treatments were well accepted and tolerated, and there were no adverse drug reactions observed.

Revealing the importance of linkers in K-series oxime reactivators for tabun-inhibited AChE using quantum chemical, docking and SMD studies.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh, Shibaji; Chandar, Nellore Bhanu; Jana, Kalyanashis; Ganguly, Bishwajit

2017-08-01

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with organophosphorus compounds has a detrimental effect on human life. Oxime K203 seems to be one of the promising reactivators for tabun-inhibited AChE than (K027, K127, and K628). These reactivators differ only in the linker units between the two pyridinium rings. The conformational analyses performed with quantum chemical RHF/6-31G* level for K027, K127, K203 and K628 showed that the minimum energy conformers have different orientations of the active and peripheral pyridinium rings for these reactivator molecules. K203 with (-CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 -) linker unit possesses more open conformation compared to the other reactivators. Such orientation of K203 experiences favorable interaction with the surrounding residues of catalytic anionic site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of tabun-inhibited AChE. From the steered molecular dynamics simulations, it has been observed that the oxygen atom of the oxime group of K203 reactivator approaches nearest to the P-atom of the SUN203 (3.75 Å) at lower time scales (less than ~1000 ps) as compared to the other reactivators. K203 experiences less number of hydrophobic interaction with the PAS residues which is suggested to be an important factor for the efficient reactivation process. In addition, K203 crates large number of H-bonding with CAS residues SUN203, Phe295, Tyr337, Phe338 and His447. K203 barely changes its conformation during the SMD simulation process and hence the energy penalty to adopt any other conformation is minimal in this case as compared to the other reactivators. The molecular mechanics and Poisson-Boltzmann surface area binding energies obtained for the interaction of K203 inside the gorge of tabun inhibited AChE is substantially higher (-290.2 kcal/mol) than the corresponding K628 reactivator (-260.4 kcal/mol), which also possess unsaturated aromatic linker unit.

Revealing the importance of linkers in K-series oxime reactivators for tabun-inhibited AChE using quantum chemical, docking and SMD studies

Science.gov (United States)

Ghosh, Shibaji; Chandar, Nellore Bhanu; Jana, Kalyanashis; Ganguly, Bishwajit

2017-08-01

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with organophosphorus compounds has a detrimental effect on human life. Oxime K203 seems to be one of the promising reactivators for tabun-inhibited AChE than (K027, K127, and K628). These reactivators differ only in the linker units between the two pyridinium rings. The conformational analyses performed with quantum chemical RHF/6-31G* level for K027, K127, K203 and K628 showed that the minimum energy conformers have different orientations of the active and peripheral pyridinium rings for these reactivator molecules. K203 with (-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-) linker unit possesses more open conformation compared to the other reactivators. Such orientation of K203 experiences favorable interaction with the surrounding residues of catalytic anionic site (CAS) and peripheral anionic site (PAS) of tabun-inhibited AChE. From the steered molecular dynamics simulations, it has been observed that the oxygen atom of the oxime group of K203 reactivator approaches nearest to the P-atom of the SUN203 (3.75 Å) at lower time scales (less than 1000 ps) as compared to the other reactivators. K203 experiences less number of hydrophobic interaction with the PAS residues which is suggested to be an important factor for the efficient reactivation process. In addition, K203 crates large number of H-bonding with CAS residues SUN203, Phe295, Tyr337, Phe338 and His447. K203 barely changes its conformation during the SMD simulation process and hence the energy penalty to adopt any other conformation is minimal in this case as compared to the other reactivators. The molecular mechanics and Poisson-Boltzmann surface area binding energies obtained for the interaction of K203 inside the gorge of tabun inhibited AChE is substantially higher (-290.2 kcal/mol) than the corresponding K628 reactivator (-260.4 kcal/mol), which also possess unsaturated aromatic linker unit.

Circulating nitric oxide metabolites and cardiovascular changes in the turtle Trachemys scripta during normoxia, anoxia and reoxygenation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jacobsen, Søren B; Hansen, Marie N; Jensen, Nini Skovgaard

2012-01-01

Turtles of the genus Trachemys show a remarkable ability to survive prolonged anoxia. This is achieved by a strong metabolic depression, redistribution of blood flow and high levels of antioxidant defence. To understand whether nitric oxide (NO), a major regulator of vasodilatation and oxygen...... consumption, may be involved in the adaptive response of Trachemys to anoxia, we measured NO metabolites (nitrite, S-nitroso, Fe-nitrosyl and N-nitroso compounds) in the plasma and red blood cells of venous and arterial blood of Trachemys scripta turtles during normoxia and after anoxia (3 h......-nitroso compounds were present at high micromolar levels under normoxia and increased further after anoxia and reoxygenation, suggesting NO generation from nitrite catalysed by deoxygenated haemoglobin, which in turtle had a higher nitrite reductase activity than in hypoxia-intolerant species. Taken together...

Synthesis and pharmacology of N-alkylated derivatives of the excitotoxin ibotenic acid

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, U; Dumpis, M A; Bräuner-Osborne, Hans

1998-01-01

Three amino-alkylated derivatives of the naturally occurring excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor agonist ibotenic acid (Ibo) have been synthesized and tested pharmacologically. N-Methyl-Ibo (1a) and N-ethyl-Ibo (1b) were shown to be agonists at NMDA receptors (EC50 = 140 and 320 micro......-c and the potent NMDA agonist 2-amino-2-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)acetic acid (AMAA) in order to elucidate the observed structure-activity data....

2,2′-{1,1′-[Butane-1,4-diylbis(oxynitrilo]diethylidyne}di-1-naphthol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wen-Kui Dong

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The title compound, C28H28N2O4, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-acetyl-1-naphthol with 1,4-bis(aminooxybutane in ethanol. The molecule, which lies about an inversion centre, adopts a linear structure, in which the oxime groups and naphthalene ring systems assume an anti conformation. The intramolecular interplanar distance between parallel naphthalene rings is 1.054 (3 Å. Intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds are formed between the oxime nitrogen and hydroxy groups.

Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of N-methylnitrone and nitrovinyl derivatives of some N-substituted 2-chloroindol-3-carboxaldehydes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gatti, R.; Cavrini, V.; Roveri, P.; Bianucci, F.; Legnani, P.

1981-02-01

N-methylnitrones and nitrovinyl derivatives from 1-substituted-2-chloroindol-3-carboxaldehydes were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity. Some nitrovinyl derivatives displayed good in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria; the compound (II e), 1-(o-chlorobenzyl)-2-chloro-3-(2-nitroethenyl)indole, was more active than nitrofurantoin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Some structure-activity relationships are discussed.

Synthesis of (plus or minus) [5-3H] N'-Nitrosoanatabine, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Desai, Dhimant; Lin, Guoying; Morimoto, Hiromi; Williams, Philip G.; El-Bayoumy, Karam; Amin, Shantu

2002-01-01

Tobacco-specific N'-nitrosamines (TSNA) are a unique class of systemic organ-specific carcinogens. The TSNA are formed by N-nitrosation of nicotine and of the minor tobacco alkaloids after harvesting of tobacco and during smoking. The N-nitrosation of anatabine leads to N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT; 1-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridyl) which requires in-depth assays in laboratory animals other than the rat. Furthermore, delineation of its tissue distribution and metabolism is needed for structure:activity comparisons with other TSNA and for the assessment of potential human risk from this TSNA. We have, therefore, synthesized (+)[5-3H]NAT. 5-Bromo-3-pyridine-carboxaldehyde was condensed with ethyl carbamate prior to Diels-Alder reaction with 1,4-butadiene to give the racemic anatabine ring system. Hydrolysis followed by reduction with LiAlT4 and nitrosation, led to (+)[5-3H]NAT (60 percent yield, specific activity 266 mCi/mmol, radiochemical purity of >99 percent)

Synthesis, spectra and electrochemistry of dinitro-bis- {2-(phenylazo ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

2006-09-18

Sep 18, 2006 ... Synthesis, spectra and electrochemistry of dinitro-bis-. {2-(phenylazo)pyrimidine} ruthenium(II). Nitro–nitroso derivatives and reactivity of the electrophilic nitrosyl centre. PRITHWIRAJ BYABARTTA. Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713 104. Present address: Departmento de ...

In vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assessment of HI-6 dimethanesulfonate/oxime.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakab, Lauren; Bardot, Isabelle; Bardot, Sébastien; Simar, Sophie; Marzin, Daniel; Nesslany, Fabrice

2014-03-01

Organophosphate compounds, which induce organophosphate poisoning, were originally used as pesticides. But this type of product has also been used as warfare nerve agent like sarin, soman, Russian VX, or tabun. HI-6-dimethanesulfonate is a salt of the oxime HI-6 used in the treatment of nerve-agent poisoning. It is known to be the best re-activator component of inactivated acetyl cholinesterase. HI-6-dimethanesulfonate has shown a higher level of solubility with similar potency to reactivate acetyl cholinesterase and a similar pharmacokinetics profile compared with HI-6 dichloride. HI-6 dimethanesulfonate was tested for its mutagenic and genotoxic potential by use of the standard ICH S2R (1) battery for the evaluation of pharmaceuticals. HI-6-dimethanesulfonate was mutagenic in the Ames test only in the presence of metabolic activation. In the mutation assay at the Tk locus in L5178Y mouse-lymphoma cells, HI-6-dimethanesulfonate showed mutagenic activity both with and without metabolic activation, with a significant increase in small colonies. The effects were in favour of a clastogenic activity. It was concluded that the compound was mutagenic and possibly clastogenic in vitro. In contrast, the in vivo micronucleus test in rat bone-marrow did not demonstrate any genotoxic activity and the Comet assay performed in rat liver did not show any statistically or biologically significant increases in DNA strand-breaks. The results of both in vivo studies performed on two different organs with two endpoints are sufficient to conclude the absence of a genotoxic hazard in vivo and to consider that there is no genotoxic concern in humans for HI-6-dimethanesulfonate. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High-Intensity Exercise Reduces Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy but Does Not Restore the Nitroso-Redox Imbalance in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ulises Novoa

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Diabetic cardiomyopathy refers to the manifestations in the heart as a result of altered glucose homeostasis, reflected as fibrosis, cellular hypertrophy, increased oxidative stress, and apoptosis, leading to ventricular dysfunction. Since physical exercise has been indicated as cardioprotective, we tested the hypothesis that high-intensity exercise training could reverse the cardiac maladaptations produced by diabetes. For this, diabetes was induced in rats by a single dose of alloxan. Diabetic rats were randomly assigned to a sedentary group or submitted to a program of exercise on a treadmill for 4 weeks at 80% of maximal performance. Another group of normoglycemic rats was used as control. Diabetic rat hearts presented cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Chronic exercise reduced both parameters but increased apoptosis. Diabetes increased the myocardial levels of the mRNA and proteins of NADPH oxidases NOX2 and NOX4. These altered levels were not reduced by exercise. Diabetes also increased the level of uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS that was not reversed by exercise. Finally, diabetic rats showed a lower degree of phosphorylated phospholamban and reduced levels of SERCA2 that were not restored by high-intensity exercise. These results suggest that high-intensity chronic exercise was able to reverse remodeling in the diabetic heart but was unable to restore the nitroso-redox imbalance imposed by diabetes.

The oxime pro-2-PAM provides minimal protection against the CNS effects of the nerve agents sarin, cyclosarin, and VX in guinea pigs.

Science.gov (United States)

Shih, Tsung-Ming; Guarisco, John A; Myers, Todd M; Kan, Robert K; McDonough, John H

2011-01-01

This study examined whether pro-2-PAM, a pro-drug dihydropyridine derivative of the oxime 2-pralidoxime (2-PAM) that can penetrate the brain, could prevent or reverse the central toxic effects of three nerve agents; sarin, cyclosarin, and VX. The first experiment tested whether pro-2-PAM could reactivate guinea pig cholinesterase (ChE) in vivo in central and peripheral tissues inhibited by these nerve agents. Pro-2-PAM produced a dose-dependent reactivation of sarin- or VX-inhibited ChE in both peripheral and brain tissues, but with substantially greater reactivation in peripheral tissues compared to brain. Pro-2-PAM produced 9-25% reactivation of cyclosarin-inhibited ChE in blood, heart, and spinal cord, but no reactivation in brain or muscle tissues. In a second experiment, the ability of pro-2-PAM to block or terminate nerve agent-induced electroencephalographic seizure activity was evaluated. Pro-2-PAM was able to block sarin- or VX-induced seizures (16-33%) over a dose range of 24-32 mg/kg, but was ineffective against cyclosarin-induced seizures. Animals that were protected from seizures showed significantly less weight loss and greater behavioral function 24 h after exposure than those animals that were not protected. Additionally, brains were free from neuropathology when pro-2-PAM prevented seizures. In summary, pro-2-PAM provided modest reactivation of sarin- and VX-inhibited ChE in the brain and periphery, which was reflected by a limited ability to block or terminate seizures elicited by these agents. Pro-2-PAM was able to reactivate blood, heart, and spinal cord ChE inhibited by cyclosarin, but was not effective against cyclosarin-induced seizures.

Synthesis and discovery of potent carbonic anhydrase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and α-glycosidase enzymes inhibitors: The novel N,N'-bis-cyanomethylamine and alkoxymethylamine derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Taslimi, Parham; Caglayan, Cuneyt; Farzaliyev, Vagif; Nabiyev, Oruj; Sujayev, Afsun; Turkan, Fikret; Kaya, Ruya; Gulçin, İlhami

2018-04-01

During this investigation, N,N'-bis-azidomethylamines, N,N'-bis-cyanomethylamine, new alkoxymethylamine and chiral derivatives, which are considered to be a new generation of multifunctional compounds, were synthesized, functional properties were investigated, and anticholinergic and antidiabetic properties of those compounds were studied through the laboratory tests, and it was approved that they contain physiologically active compounds rather than analogues. Novel N-bis-cyanomethylamine and alkoxymethylamine derivatives were effective inhibitors of the α-glycosidase, cytosolic carbonic anhydrase I and II isoforms, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with K i values in the range of 0.15-13.31 nM for α-glycosidase, 2.77-15.30 nM for human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I (hCA I), 3.12-21.90 nM for human carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes II (hCA II), 23.33-73.23 nM for AChE, and 3.84-48.41 nM for BChE, respectively. Indeed, the inhibition of these metabolic enzymes has been considered as a promising factor for pharmacologic intervention in a diversity of disturbances. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Synthesis of New N-Arylpyrimidin-2-amine Derivatives Using a Palladium Catalyst

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So Ha Lee

2008-04-01

Full Text Available New N-aryl-4-(pyridin-3-ylpyrimidin-2-amine derivatives were synthesizedfrom the corresponding amines, applying optimized Buchwald-Hartwig aminationconditions using dichlorobis(triphenylphosphinePd(II, xantphos and sodium tertbutoxidein refluxing toluene under a nitrogen atmosphere. The target N-aryl derivativeswere obtained in moderate to good yields ranging from 27% to 82%. The proceduredescribed could be widely employed for the preparation of new heterocyclic compounds.The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by FT-NMR, FT-IR and elementalanalysis.

Reduction of Aromatic and Heterocyclic Aromatic N-Hydroxylamines by Human Cytochrome P450 2S1

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Kai; Guengerich, F. Peter

2013-01-01

Many aromatic amines and heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) are known carcinogens for animals and there is also strong evidence for some in human cancer. The activation of these compounds, including some arylamine drugs, involves N-hydroxylation, usually by cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450) in Family 1 (1A2, 1A1, and 1B1). We previously demonstrated that the bioactivation product of the anti-cancer agent 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203), an N-hydroxylamine, can be reduced by P450 2S1 to its amine precursor under anaerobic conditions and, to a lesser extent, under aerobic conditions (Wang, K., and Guengerich, F. P. (2012) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 25, 1740–1751). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that P450 2S1 is involved in the reductive biotransformation of known carcinogenic aromatic amines and HAAs. The N-hydroxylamines of 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), 2-naphthylamine (2-NA), and 2-aminofluorene (2-AF) were synthesized and found to be reduced by P450 2S1 under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The formation of amines due to P450 2S1 reduction also occurred under aerobic conditions but was less apparent because the competitive disproportionation reactions (of the N-hydroxylamines) also yielded amines. Further, some nitroso and nitro derivatives of the arylamines could also be reduced by P450 2S1. None of the amines tested were oxidized by P450 2S1. These results suggest that P450 2S1 may be involved in the reductive detoxication of several of the activated products of carcinogenic aromatic amines and HAAs. PMID:23682735

Psychedelic N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory responses through the sigma-1 receptor of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

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Attila Szabo

Full Text Available The orphan receptor sigma-1 (sigmar-1 is a transmembrane chaperone protein expressed in both the central nervous system and in immune cells. It has been shown to regulate neuronal differentiation and cell survival, and mediates anti-inflammatory responses and immunosuppression in murine in vivo models. Since the details of these findings have not been elucidated so far, we studied the effects of the endogenous sigmar-1 ligands N,N-dimethyltryptamine (NN-DMT, its derivative 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT and the synthetic high affinity sigmar-1 agonist PRE-084 hydrochloride on human primary monocyte-derived dendritic cell (moDCs activation provoked by LPS, polyI:C or pathogen-derived stimuli to induce inflammatory responses. Co-treatment of moDC with these activators and sigma-1 receptor ligands inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα and the chemokine IL-8, while increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The T-cell activating capacity of moDCs was also inhibited, and dimethyltryptamines used in combination with E. coli or influenza virus as stimulators decreased the differentiation of moDC-induced Th1 and Th17 inflammatory effector T-cells in a sigmar-1 specific manner as confirmed by gene silencing. Here we demonstrate for the first time the immunomodulatory potential of NN-DMT and 5-MeO-DMT on human moDC functions via sigmar-1 that could be harnessed for the pharmacological treatment of autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory conditions of the CNS or peripheral tissues. Our findings also point out a new biological role for dimethyltryptamines, which may act as systemic endogenous regulators of inflammation and immune homeostasis through the sigma-1 receptor.

Synthesis of O-Amino Sugars and Nucleosides

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Na Chen

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Nucleic acids and carbohydrates are essential biomolecules involved in numerous biological and pathological processes. Development of multifunctional building blocks based on nucleosides and sugars is in high demand for the generation of novel oligonucleotide mimics and glycoconjugates for biomedical applications. Recently, aminooxyl-functionalized compounds have attracted increasing research interest because of their easy derivatization through oxime ligation or N-oxyamide formation reactions. Various biological applications have been reported for O-amino carbohydrate- and nucleoside-derived compounds. Here, we report our efforts in the design and synthesis of glyco-, glycosyl, nucleoside- and nucleo-aminooxy acid derivatives from readily available sugars and amino acids, and their use for the generation of N-oxyamide-linked oligosaccharides, glycopeptides, glycolipids, oligonucleosides and nucleopeptides as novel glycoconjugates or oligonucleotide mimics. Delicate and key points in the synthesis will be emphasized.

Biotic nitrosation of diclofenac in a soil aquifer system (Katari watershed, Bolivia).

Science.gov (United States)

Chiron, Serge; Duwig, Céline

2016-09-15

Up till now, the diclofenac (DCF) transformation into its nitrogen-derivatives, N-nitroso-DCF (NO-DCF) and 5-nitro-DCF (NO2-DCF), has been mainly investigated in wastewater treatment plant under nitrification or denitrification processes. This work reports, for the first time, an additional DCF microbial mediated nitrosation pathway of DCF in soil under strictly anoxic conditions probably involving codenitrification processes and fungal activities. This transformation pathway was investigated by using field observations data at a soil aquifer system (Katari watershed, Bolivia) and by carrying out soil slurry batch experiments. It was also observed for diphenylamine (DPA). Field measurements revealed the occurrence of NO-DCF, NO2-DCF and NO-DPA in groundwater samples at concentration levels in the 6-68s/L range. These concentration levels are more significant than those previously reported in wastewater treatment plant effluents taking into account dilution processes in soil. Interestingly, the p-benzoquinone imine of 5-OH-DCF was also found to be rather stable in surface water. In laboratory batch experiments under strictly anoxic conditions, the transformation of DCF and DPA into their corresponding N-nitroso derivatives was well correlated to denitrification processes. It was also observed that NO-DCF evolved into NO2-DCF while NO-DPA was stable. In vitro experiments showed that the Fisher-Hepp rearrangement could not account for NO2-DCF formation. One possible mechanism might be that NO-DCF underwent spontaneous NO loss to give the resulting intermediates diphenylaminyl radical or nitrenium cation which might evolve into NO2-DCF in presence of NO2 radical or nitrite ion, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermodynamic Interactions between Polystyrene and Long-Chain Poly(n-Alkyl Acrylates) Derived from Plant Oils.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Shu; Robertson, Megan L

2015-06-10

Vegetable oils and their fatty acids are promising sources for the derivation of polymers. Long-chain poly(n-alkyl acrylates) and poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) are readily derived from fatty acids through conversion of the carboxylic acid end-group to an acrylate or methacrylate group. The resulting polymers contain long alkyl side-chains with around 10-22 carbon atoms. Regardless of the monomer source, the presence of alkyl side-chains in poly(n-alkyl acrylates) and poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) provides a convenient mechanism for tuning their physical properties. The development of structured multicomponent materials, including block copolymers and blends, containing poly(n-alkyl acrylates) and poly(n-alkyl methacrylates) requires knowledge of the thermodynamic interactions governing their self-assembly, typically described by the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter χ. We have investigated the χ parameter between polystyrene and long-chain poly(n-alkyl acrylate) homopolymers and copolymers: specifically we have included poly(stearyl acrylate), poly(lauryl acrylate), and their random copolymers. Lauryl and stearyl acrylate were chosen as model alkyl acrylates derived from vegetable oils and have alkyl side-chain lengths of 12 and 18 carbon atoms, respectively. Polystyrene is included in this study as a model petroleum-sourced polymer, which has wide applicability in commercially relevant multicomponent polymeric materials. Two independent methods were employed to measure the χ parameter: cloud point measurements on binary blends and characterization of the order-disorder transition of triblock copolymers, which were in relatively good agreement with one another. The χ parameter was found to be independent of the alkyl side-chain length (n) for large values of n (i.e., n > 10). This behavior is in stark contrast to the n-dependence of the χ parameter predicted from solubility parameter theory. Our study complements prior work investigating the interactions between

1-{3-[1-(Hydroxyimino)ethyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}ethanone

Science.gov (United States)

Malinkin, Sergey; Penkova, Larysa; Pavlenko, Vadim A.; Haukka, Matti; Pavlova, Svetlana V.

2011-01-01

In the title compound, C8H11N3O2, the oxime and the acetyl groups adopt a transoid conformation, while the pyrazole H atom is localized in the proximity of the acetyl group and is cis with respect to the acetyl O atom. In the crystal, dimers are formed as the result of hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the pyrazole NH group of one mol­ecule and the carbonyl O atom of another. The dimers are associated into sheets via O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the oxime hydroxyl and the unprotonated pyrazole N atom, generating a macrocyclic motif with six mol­ecules. PMID:22058770

1-{3-[1-(Hydroxyiminoethyl]-4-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl}ethanone

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Matti Haukka

2011-10-01

Full Text Available In the title compound, C8H11N3O2, the oxime and the acetyl groups adopt a transoid conformation, while the pyrazole H atom is localized in the proximity of the acetyl group and is cis with respect to the acetyl O atom. In the crystal, dimers are formed as the result of hydrogen-bonding interactions involving the pyrazole NH group of one molecule and the carbonyl O atom of another. The dimers are associated into sheets via O—H...N hydrogen bonds involving the oxime hydroxyl and the unprotonated pyrazole N atom, generating a macrocyclic motif with six molecules.

Differential pulse polarographic determination of trace antimony in standard biological samples after preconcentration using 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taher, M. A.

2003-01-01

A highly selective, rapid and economical differential polarographic method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of antimony in various standard alloys and biological samples after of its 2-naphthol-4 sulfonic acid tetradecyl dimethylbenzylammonium chloride on microcrystalline naphthalene in the ph range of 7.5-11.0. After filtration, the solid mass is shaken with 8-10 ml of 1 M hydrochloric acid (with preconcentration factor of 10) and antimony is determined by differential pulse polarography. Antimony can alternatively be quantitatively absorbed on 2-nitroso-1-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid tetradecyl dimethylbenzylammonium-naphthalene absorbed packed in a column (with preconcentration factor of 30) and determined similarly. In this case, 1.5 μg of antimony can be concentrated in a column from 300 ml of aqueous sample, where its concentration is as low as 5 ng/ml. Characterization of the electro active process included an examination of the degree of reversibility. The results show that the irreversibility of antimony. Various parameters such as the effect of ph, volume of aqueous phase, HCl concentration, reagent concentration, naphthalene concentration, shaking time and interference of a number of metal ions on the determination of antimony have been studied in detail to optimize the conditions for determination in standard alloys and standard biological samples

Synthesis of (plus or minus) [5-{sup 3}H] N'-Nitrosoanatabine, a tobacco-specific nitrosamine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Desai, Dhimant; Lin, Guoying; Morimoto, Hiromi; Williams, Philip G.; El-Bayoumy, Karam; Amin, Shantu

2002-06-14

Tobacco-specific N'-nitrosamines (TSNA) are a unique class of systemic organ-specific carcinogens. The TSNA are formed by N-nitrosation of nicotine and of the minor tobacco alkaloids after harvesting of tobacco and during smoking. The N-nitrosation of anatabine leads to N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT; 1-nitroso-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2,3'-bipyridyl) which requires in-depth assays in laboratory animals other than the rat. Furthermore, delineation of its tissue distribution and metabolism is needed for structure:activity comparisons with other TSNA and for the assessment of potential human risk from this TSNA. We have, therefore, synthesized (+)[5-3H]NAT. 5-Bromo-3-pyridine-carboxaldehyde was condensed with ethyl carbamate prior to Diels-Alder reaction with 1,4-butadiene to give the racemic anatabine ring system. Hydrolysis followed by reduction with LiAlT4 and nitrosation, led to (+)[5-3H]NAT (60 percent yield, specific activity 266 mCi/mmol, radiochemical purity of >99 percent).

Synthesis, structural studies and antimicrobial activity of N'-((2Z, 3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene)-2-phenylacetohydrazide and its Co(II), Ni(II) complexes

Science.gov (United States)

Karadeniz, Şeyma; Ataol, Cigdem Yuksektepe; Şahin, Onur; İdil, Önder; Bati, Hümeyra

2018-06-01

A new aroylhydrazoneoxime, N'-((2Z, 3E)-3-(hydroxyimino)butan-2-ylidene)-2-phenylacetohydrazide ligand (LH2) and its Ni(II) and Co(II) complexes, have been synthesized and characterized by elemental and thermal analyses, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, magnetic moment and X-ray diffraction. The antimicrobial activities of these compounds were tested by using minimal inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The ligand-containing aroylhydrazone and oxime groups and its Ni complex crystallize in the triclinic system and P 1 - space group, while its Co complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system and the C 2/c space group. X-ray results show that the ligand in the keto form is transformed into enolic form when it forms coordination. From elemental analysis data, the stoichiometry of Co(II) complex was found to be 1:2 (metal/ligand), but 1:1 for Ni(II). IR spectra indicate that the ligand acts as monoanionic NNO- tridentate and coordination takes place form through the oxime nitrogen, imine nitrogen, and enolate oxygen atoms.

Synthesis, structurale elucidation and antioxidant study of Ortho-substituted N,N’-bis(benzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine derivatives

Science.gov (United States)

Firdausiah, Syadza; Hasbullah, S. A.; Yamin, B. M.

2018-03-01

Some bis(thiourea) compounds have been reported to posses excellent performance in pharmaceutical and environmental fields because of their ability to form chelating complexes with various anions and metal ions. Structurally for carbonyl thiourea derivatives, to become a chelating agent, it must adopt cis-configuration. In the present study, four new bis(thiourea) derivatives namely N,N’-bis(o-fluorobenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (1), N,N’- bis(o-chloro-benzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (2), N,N’-bis(o-nitrobenzamidothiocarbonyl)-hydrazine (3), and N,N’-bis(o-methylbenzamidothiocarbonyl)hydrazine (4) were successfully synthesized and characterized by CHNS microelemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. However chemical crystallography study showed that both thiourea moieties in compound (2) and (3) adopt trans geometry. Therefore they are potential monodentate ligand with two active moieties. DPPH radical scavenging experiment showed that compound (1), (2), and (4) exhibited higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid (Vitamin C).

Pyridinium Oxime Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Berger, Bradley J; Knodel, Marvin H

2007-01-01

... (as a model for Leishmania spp.). In general, the compounds were found to have little to no antimicrobial effect, with KJD-2-11, a thiourea derivative, being the most active in all the test systems.

Browse Title Index

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Items 601 - 650 of 1007 ... Vol 28, No 1 (2014), High yield synthesis of some phosphonic acid derivatives as surface tethers for energy harvesting technologies, Abstract PDF. A. Mungalimane. Vol 1, No 1 (1987), Highfieid 1H and 13C NMR of 5-oxygenated of cholestane-6-oxime derivatives, Abstract PDF. Helmut Duddeck ...

Presentación del Libro “Anestesia Intravenosa”.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Vanegas Saavedra

2006-09-01

En los principios generales, consigna un minucioso y ordenado desarrollo histórico, enfocado al dolor desde el papel de los egipcios y los babilonios, pasando por los conceptos de Buda; hace incursión por las teorías de los hindúes, los chinos, los griegos y en particular cita a Teofrasto; llega a Galeno, pasa a Hipócrates e irrumpe con recomendaciones sobre el uso de la amapola, la mandrágora, el cáñamo y el veleño. Transita por Galeno, por las enseñanzas de Aristóteles y Platón, recorre la Edad Media con Avicena, Alberto Magno y Mondino; ingresa al Renacimiento con Eustaquio, Da Vinci, Vesalio, Paracelso; se introduce en la Edad Moderna con Erasmo Darwin, el descubridor del óxido nitroso y Joseph Presley con David, Müller, Simpson, hasta nuestros días con nuestros grandes neurofi siólogos bioingenieros y prohombres de las farmacologías y quirúrgicas que hoy enriquecen la literatura contemporánea en estos campos...

Asymmetric allylation of α-ketoester-derived N-benzoylhydrazones promoted by chiral sulfoxides/N-oxides Lewis bases: highly enantioselective synthesis of quaternary α-substituted α-allyl-α-amino acids.

Science.gov (United States)

Reyes-Rangel, Gloria; Bandala, Yamir; García-Flores, Fred; Juaristi, Eusebio

2013-09-01

Chiral sulfoxides/N-oxides (R)-1 and (R,R)-2 are effective chiral promoters in the enantioselective allylation of α-keto ester N-benzoylhydrazone derivatives 3a-g to generate the corresponding N-benzoylhydrazine derivatives 4a-g, with enantiomeric excesses as high as 98%. Representative hydrazine derivatives 4a-b were subsequently treated with SmI2, and the resulting amino esters 5a-b with LiOH to obtain quaternary α-substituted α-allyl α-amino acids 6a-b, whose absolute configuration was assigned as (S), with fundament on chemical correlation and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sequence distribution of acetaldehyde-derived N2-ethyl-dG adducts along duplex DNA.

Science.gov (United States)

Matter, Brock; Guza, Rebecca; Zhao, Jianwei; Li, Zhong-ze; Jones, Roger; Tretyakova, Natalia

2007-10-01

Acetaldehyde (AA) is the major metabolite of ethanol and may be responsible for an increased gastrointestinal cancer risk associated with alcohol beverage consumption. Furthermore, AA is one of the most abundant carcinogens in tobacco smoke and induces tumors of the respiratory tract in laboratory animals. AA binding to DNA induces Schiff base adducts at the exocyclic amino group of dG, N2-ethylidene-dG, which are reversible on the nucleoside level but can be stabilized by reduction to N2-ethyl-dG. Mutagenesis studies in the HPRT reporter gene and in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have revealed the ability of AA to induce G-->A transitions and A-->T transversions, as well as frameshift and splice mutations. AA-induced point mutations are most prominent at 5'-AGG-3' trinucleotides, possibly a result of sequence specific adduct formation, mispairing, and/or repair. However, DNA sequence preferences for the formation of acetaldehyde adducts have not been previously examined. In the present work, we employed a stable isotope labeling-HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS approach developed in our laboratory to analyze the distribution of acetaldehyde-derived N2-ethyl-dG adducts along double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides representing two prominent lung cancer mutational "hotspots" and their surrounding DNA sequences. 1,7,NH 2-(15)N-2-(13)C-dG was placed at defined positions within DNA duplexes derived from the K-ras protooncogene and the p53 tumor suppressor gene, followed by AA treatment and NaBH 3CN reduction to convert N2-ethylidene-dG to N2-ethyl-dG. Capillary HPLC-ESI+-MS/MS was used to quantify N2-ethyl-dG adducts originating from the isotopically labeled and unlabeled guanine nucleobases and to map adduct formation along DNA duplexes. We found that the formation of N2-ethyl-dG adducts was only weakly affected by the local sequence context and was slightly increased in the presence of 5-methylcytosine within CG dinucleotides. These results are in contrast with sequence

Comparing of 5-Nonylsalicylaldoxime and Salicylaldehyde Characterization Using Magnesium Salt Formylation Process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pouramini, Zeinab; Moradi, Ali

2012-01-01

5-Nonylsalicylaldoxime and salicylaldehyde are two derivatives of phenolic compounds which are very applicable materials in industries. Formerly the formylation of phenolic derivatives were carried out by Rimer-Tiemann method. In this work both of these two materials were synthesized by magnesium meditated formylation technique and their structural characterizations were compared by instrumental analysis technique. In order to achieve a selectively orthoformylated product, the hydroxyl group of nonylphenol (or phenol) was first modified by magnesium methoxide. The nonylphenol magnesium salt was then formylated by paraformaldehyde. The oximation reaction was finally applied to the prepared non-ylsalicylaldehyde magnesium salt by liquid extracting via water and acid washing and other extractions. The solvent was finally removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. Some instrumental analysis such as 1 H-NMR, GC/MS and FT-IR spectra were taken on the product in order to interpret the reaction characterization quantitatively and qualitatively. The formaldehyde and oxime functional groups of two compounds were investigated through 1 H-NMR and FT-IR spectra and were compared. The yield of methoxilation was very good and the yields of formylation and oximation reactions were about 90% and 85% respectively. The orthoselectivity of formylation reaction were evaluated by comparing of the relevant spectra. The GC/MS spectra also confirmed the obtained results

Brain single-photon emission tomography with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime in adolscents with intial-stage schizophrenia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Batista, J.F.; Galiano, M.C.; Torres, L.A.; Hernandez, M.C.; Sosa, F.; Perera, A.; Perez, M.

1995-01-01

The objective of this study was to search for regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) abnormalities in adolescents with initial-stage schizophrenia by means of brain single-photon emission tomography (SPET) using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). SPET studies were performed on a homogeneous sample of 15 carefully selected adolescents with a recent diagnosis of schizophrenia, and without previous electroconvulsive or antipsychotic drug treatment. Computed tomography (CT) and electro-encephalographic (EEG) studies were performed in all patients. Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of 99m Tc-HMPAO SPET studies showed an impaired rCBF in 12 patients (80%). The most common pattern was a decreased uptake of 99m Tc-HMPAO in the frontal lobes, usually in the left hemisphere. Conventional and quantitative EEG was positive in 12 (80%) and 15 (100%) patients, respectively. CT findings were positive in two patients (13%). There was a high level of concordance between SPET and EEG results and between SPET and clinical features (P > 0.05). This study suggests that previously untreated patients in the first stages of schizophrenia present functional abnormalities that are revealed by brain SPET. (orig.)

Effects of structural modifications of N-CPM-normorphine derivatives on agonist and antagonist activities in isolated organs.

Science.gov (United States)

Riba, P; Tóth, Z; Hosztafi, S; Friedmann, T; Fürst, S

2003-01-01

The agonistic and antagonistic properties of N-cyclopropylmethyl (N-CPM) morphine derivatives were observed in mouse vas deferens (MVD), longitudinal muscle of guinea pig ileum (GPI) and rabbit vas deferens (LVD). In MVD the K(e) values of the titled compounds (N-CPM-morphine, N-CPM-isomorphine, N-CPM-dihydromorphine, N-CPM-dihydroisomorpPhine, N-CPM-dihydromorphone and naltrexone) were measured for mu-, kappa- and delta-receptors using normorphine, ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) and D-Pen2-D-Pen5-enkephaline (DPDPE) as selective agonists on the receptors, respectively. For mu-receptors of MVD the tested compounds showed similar affinity. For kappa-receptors the non-iso-6-OH derivatives possessed much less affinity than the iso-derivatives. Similar difference could be observed for delta-receptors. The agonistic activities of these compounds in MVD were observed to be between 0-20% of the inhibition of muscle contractions. In GPI the compounds except naltrexone possessed strong agonistic activities effectively antagonized by nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (K(e) of nor-BNI was 0.23 nM) suggesting that they were strong kappa-receptor agonists. We investigated these agents in LVD too, which contains kappa-receptors, but they did not produce any agonist potencies. It raises the possibility that the kappa-receptor subtypes of LVD and MVD are different from the kappa-receptor subtype of GPI or the vasa deferentia contain much fewer kappa-receptors than GPI and the intrinsic activities of these compounds are too small to reach the 50% inhibition of the contractions.

Mutation induced enhanced biosynthesis of lipase | Bapiraju ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The purpose of the present investigation is to enhance production of biomedically important enzyme lipase by subjecting the indigenous lipase producing strain Rhizopus sp. BTS-24 to improvement by natural selection and random mutagenesis (UV and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso guanidine, NTG). The isolation of mutants ...

Synthesis and antibacterial activities of 1-N [(S)-omega-amino-2-hydroxyalkyl] kanamycin A derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, K; Jevons, S; Moore, J W; Ross, B C; Wright, J R

1977-10-01

Four 1-N-aminohydroxy-alkyl derivatives of kanamycin A were prepared and their in vitro activities against aminoglycoside-sensitive and aminoglycoside-resistant organisms were compared with amikacin. 1-N-[(S)-4-Amino-2-hydroxybutyl] kanamycin A (Fig. 1, compound 2, code no. UK-18,892) was equipotent to amikacin in all these tests and in mouse protection studies.

SiO2@FeSO4 nano composite: A recoverable nano-catalyst for eco-friendly synthesis oximes of carbonyl compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mostafa Karimkoshteh

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Various aldoximes and ketoximes synthesis of corresponding aldehydes and ketones in the presence of SiO2@FeSO4 nano composite as recoverable nano catalyst and NH2OH·HCl. The SiO2@FeSO4 nano composite system was carried out between 10 to 15 min in oil bath (70-80 °C under solvent-free condition in excellent yields in addition this protocol can be used for industrial scales. This method offers some advantages in term of clean reaction conditions, easy work-up procedure, short reaction time, applied to convert α-diketones to α-diketoximes (as longer than other carbonyl compounds, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones to corresponding oximes and suppression of any side product. So we think that NH2OH•HCl/SiO2@FeSO4 nano composite system could be considered a new and useful addition to the present methodologies in this area. Structure of products and nano composite elucidation was carried out by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM.

N-tert-butylmethanimine N-oxide is an efficient spin-trapping probe for EPR analysis of glutathione thiyl radical

Science.gov (United States)

Scott, Melanie J.; Billiar, Timothy R.; Stoyanovsky, Detcho A.

2016-01-01

The electron spin resonance (EPR) spin-trapping technique allows detection of radical species with nanosecond half-lives. This technique is based on the high rates of addition of radicals to nitrones or nitroso compounds (spin traps; STs). The paramagnetic nitroxides (spin-adducts) formed as a result of reactions between STs and radical species are relatively stable compounds whose EPR spectra represent “structural fingerprints” of the parent radical species. Herein we report a novel protocol for the synthesis of N-tert-butylmethanimine N-oxide (EBN), which is the simplest nitrone containing an α-H and a tertiary α′-C atom. We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS•); (ii) β-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/•SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2−•) to form EBN/•OOH to any significant extent. The data presented complement previous studies within the context of synthetic accessibility to EBN and efficient spin-trapping analysis of GS•. PMID:27941944

New higher-derivative invariants in N=2 supergravity and the Gauss-Bonnet term

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Butter, D.; de Wit, B.; Kuzenko, S.M.; Lodato, I.|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/357520890

2013-01-01

A new class of N = 2 locally supersymmetric higher-derivative invariants is constructed based on logarithms of conformal primary chiral superfields. They characteristically involve a coupling to Rμν 2 − 1 3 R2, which equals the non-conformal part of the Gauss-Bonnet term. Upon combining one such

SPECT with [99mTc]-d,l-hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime (HM-PAO) compared with regional cerebral blood flow measured by PET

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Yonekura, Y; Nishizawa, S; Mukai, Thomas Søgaard

1988-01-01

In order to validate the use of technetium-99m-d,l-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) as a flow tracer, a total of 21 cases were studied with single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT), and compared to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measured by position emission tomography...... (PET) using the oxygen-15 CO2 inhalation technique. Although HM-PAO SPECT and rCBF PET images showed a similar distribution pattern the HM-PAO SPECT image showed less contrast between high and low activity flow regions than the rCBF image and a nonlinear relationship between HM-PAO activity and r......CBF was shown. Based on the assumption of flow-dependent backdiffusion of HM-PAO from the brain, we applied a "linearization algorithm" to correct the HM-PAO SPECT images. The corrected HM-PAO SPECT images revealed a good linear correlation with rCBF (r = 0.901, p less than 0.001). The results indicated HM-PAO...

Scope and Mechanism of a True Organocatalytic Beckmann Rearrangement with a Boronic Acid/Perfluoropinacol System under Ambient Conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Mo, Xiaobin; Morgan, Timothy D R; Ang, Hwee Ting; Hall, Dennis G

2018-04-18

Catalytic activation of hydroxyl functionalities is of great interest for the production of pharmaceuticals and commodity chemicals. Here, 2-alkoxycarbonyl- and 2-phenoxycarbonyl-phenylboronic acid were identified as efficient catalysts for the direct and chemoselective activation of oxime N-OH bonds in the Beckmann rearrangement. This classical organic reaction provides a unique approach to prepare functionalized amide products that may be difficult to access using traditional amide coupling between carboxylic acids and amines. Using only 5 mol % of boronic acid catalyst and perfluoropinacol as an additive in a polar solvent mixture, the operationally simple protocol features mild conditions, a broad substrate scope, and a high functional group tolerance. A wide variety of diaryl, aryl-alkyl, heteroaryl-alkyl, and dialkyl oximes react under ambient conditions to afford high yields of amide products. Free alcohols, amides, carboxyesters, and many other functionalities are compatible with the reaction conditions. Investigations of the catalytic cycle revealed a novel boron-induced oxime transesterification providing an acyl oxime intermediate involved in a fully catalytic nonself-propagating Beckmann rearrangement mechanism. The acyl oxime intermediate was prepared independently and was subjected to the reaction conditions. It was found to be self-sufficient; it reacts rapidly, unimolecularly without the need for free oxime. A series of control experiments and 18 O labeling studies support a true catalytic pathway involving an ionic transition structure with an active and essential role for the boronyl moiety in both steps of transesterification and rearrangement. According to 11 B NMR spectroscopic studies, the additive perfluoropinacol provides a transient, electrophilic boronic ester that is thought to serve as an internal Lewis acid to activate the ortho-carboxyester and accelerate the initial, rate-limiting step of transesterification between the precatalyst

Novel reassortant influenza A(H1N2) virus derived from A(H1N1)pdm09 virus isolated from swine, Japan, 2012.

Science.gov (United States)

Kobayashi, Miho; Takayama, Ikuyo; Kageyama, Tsutomu; Tsukagoshi, Hiroyuki; Saitoh, Mika; Ishioka, Taisei; Yokota, Yoko; Kimura, Hirokazu; Tashiro, Masato; Kozawa, Kunihisa

2013-12-01

We isolated a novel influenza virus A(H1N2) strain from a pig on January 13, 2012, in Gunma Prefecture, Japan. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the strain was a novel type of double-reassortant virus derived from the swine influenza virus strains H1N1pdm09 and H1N2, which were prevalent in Gunma at that time.

Effect of tempe waste on excreation of purine derivatives and microbial–N supply in lactating Etawah crossbred goats

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D.A Astuti

2002-10-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate excretion of purine derivatives and microbial–N supply in lactating Etawah crossbred goats fed with fermented soybean waste. Sixteen first lactating goats were randomly allotted into four dietary treatment groups that received 50% king grass plus R1: 50% concentrate, R2: 25% concentrate and 25% fresh tempe waste, R3: 25% concentrate and 25% fermented tempe waste, and R4: 25% concentrate and 25% gelatinizing of liquid tempe waste. Fermented tempe waste was made by fermentation of tempe waste (seed content of soybean using Aspergillus niger, while for the gellatinizing of liquid tempe waste was made by gelatinized with maize flour. Protein balance studies were conducted during two week trial and at the end of the research. Urinary protein and purine derivatives were collected for analysis. Microbial–N supply was calculated from purine derivatives excretion. Results showed that nitrogen consumptions were significantly different between R4 and three other treatments and apparent digestible nitrogen in R3 were higher than that of R4 (P<0.05. The nitrogen retention in R1 and R3 were higher than that of R2 and R4. Urinary purine derivatives in this study showed that allantoin, xanthine and hypoxanthine in R3 were higher than that of R4, while R1 and R2 were the same and the highest uric acid excretion and total purine derivatives were observed in R3. Microbial–N supply were significantly different between all treatments where R3 was the highest. This research concluded that fermented soybean waste had the highest total purine derivatives excretion and microbial–N supply to the lactating Etawah crossbred goats.

Some remarks on Romanian reflexive verbs derived by the prefix "în"

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Veronica Tomescu

2008-01-01

Full Text Available The paper discusses a small group of Romanian reflexive verbs, denominals derived by means of the prefix în, as well as a group of transitive verbs which are reflexivized. Their behaviour will be briefly considered. A search on the Internet has also been made alongside the dictionary study in order to gain an insight into the frequency of use of certain forms.

Vapour pressures of 1-methyl derivatives of benzimidazole, pyrazole and indole. The energy of the intermolecular hydrogen bond N-H⋯N

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Almeida, Ana R.R.P.; Monte, Manuel J.S.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Vapour pressures of 1-methyl derivatives of benzimidazole, pyrazole and indole. • Enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs free energies of sublimation/vaporisation were derived. • Temperatures and enthalpies of fusion were determined. • Energy of the intermolecular hydrogen bond N-H⋯N was estimated. - Abstract: The vapour pressures of the liquid phase of 1-methylpyrazole, 1-methylbenzimidazole and 1-methylindole were measured over the temperature ranges (253.9 to 293.3) K, (303.2 to 372.5) K, and (268.6 to 341.9) K, respectively, using a static method. The vapour pressures of the crystalline phase of the two latter compounds were also measured at temperatures between (301.2 to 328.9) K and (267.6 to 275.5) K, respectively. The results obtained enabled the determination of the standard molar enthalpies and entropies of sublimation and of vaporisation at the mean temperatures of the measurements and at T = 298.15 K. The temperatures and molar enthalpies of fusion were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. The enthalpies of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds N-H⋯N in the crystalline phase of benzimidazole and pyrazole were determined and compared with the result previously determined for the energy of the intermolecular hydrogen bond in crystalline imidazole

Mutants induced in winter rye (Secale cereale L.): Short straw-mutant No. 2714 and late-senescence mutant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Muszynski, S; Darlewska, M [Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, Warsaw Agricultural University, Warsaw (Poland)

1990-01-01

Full text: Mutants were induced by treating dormant seeds with ionizing radiation (fast neutrons) or chemicals (N-nitroso-N-ethyl urea or sodium azide). Among several mutants obtained, of special value is the short-straw mutant No. 2714 and a late senescent mutant. (author)

Fate of Fertilizer-Derived N Applied to Enhance Rice Straw Decomposition in a Paddy Field during the Fallow Season under Cool Temperature Conditions

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Fumiaki Takakai

2018-03-01

Full Text Available A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the fate of nitrogen (N derived from fertilizer (fertilizer-derived N applied to a paddy field after rice harvesting to promote rice straw decomposition during the fallow season, and to determine its effect on soil N fertility in northern Japan. A frame containing soil mixed with rice straw and 15N-labeled fertilizer (4.3 g N m−2 ammonium sulfate [AS] or lime-nitrogen [LN] was placed into a paddy field on a gray lowland soil during the fallow season (October–April, and the following rice-growing season (May–September. Before cultivation (April, the percentages of fertilizer-derived N in soil + straw were higher for LN (55–72% than for AS (41–63%. At the harvesting stage (September, the percentages of fertilizer-derived N in plants were significantly higher for LN (4.9–6.2% than for AS (3.4–5.3%, and the percentages in soil were also significantly higher for LN (42–61% than for AS (31–38%. This could be attributed to the nitrification inhibitory effect of LN and result in the suppression of N losses via leaching. Consequently, fertilizer-derived N could contribute to the maintenance of soil N fertility, and this effect could be higher for LN than AS.

Mechanochemical synthesis and structural characterization of three novel cocrystals of dimethylglyoxime with N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds and acetamide

Science.gov (United States)

Abidi, Syed Sibte Asghar; Azim, Yasser; Gupta, Abhishek Kumar; Pradeep, Chullikkattil P.

2017-12-01

With an aim to explore the interactions of (RR'Cdbnd Nsbnd OH) oxime moiety of dimethylglyoxime (DMG) with pyridyl ring of N-heterocyclic aromatic compounds and acetamide, three novel cocrystals of dimethylglyoxime with acridine (ACR), 1,10-phenanthroline monohydrate (PT) and acetamide (ACT) are reported. These three cocrystals were obtained with a mechanochemical synthesis approach and were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Additionally, Hirshfeld surface analysis is used to investigate the intermolecular interaction and the crystal packing of cocrystals.

Exposure of mice to the nitroso metabolite of sulfamethoxazole stimulates interleukin 5 production by CD4+ T-cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hopkins, Josephine E.; Naisbitt, Dean J.; Humphreys, Neil; Dearman, Rebecca J.; Kimber, Ian; Park, B. Kevin

2005-01-01

Sulfamethoxazole hypersensitivity may be caused by production of the protein-reactive metabolite nitroso sulfamethoxazole (SMX-NO) and interaction of SMX-NO with T-cells. We have characterised the nature of the immune response induced by administration of sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxazole metabolites and nitrosobenzene to BALB/c mice. Drugs were administered over a 13-day period to induce polarised cytokine secretion profiles. Proliferation was measured by [ 3 H] thymidine incorporation. Cytokine secretion was monitored by ELISA. Results were compared with those provoked by exposure to type 1 and type 2 chemical allergens, 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) and trimellitic anhydride (TMA). CD4 + or CD8 + T-cells were depleted ex vivo to identify the primary source of cytokines. Lymph node activation was observed following treatment with DNCB, TMA, nitrosobenzene and SMX-NO, but not with sulfamethoxazole or sulfamethoxazole hydroxylamine (SMX-NHOH). DNCB and TMA induced type 1 and type 2 cytokine profiles, respectively. SMX-NO treatment stimulated the production of high levels of IL-5, variable amounts of IFN-γ, and relatively low levels of IL-10 and IL-4. Nitrosobenzene-activated lymph node cells secreted only low levels of IFN-γ and IL-5. Depletion of CD4 + or CD8 + T-cells from SMX-NO stimulated lymph node cells revealed that CD4 + T-cells were the major source of IL-5. In conclusion, the data presented indicates that subcutaneous administration to mice of SMX-NO, but not the parent drug, stimulated the secretion of high levels of IL-5 from activated CD4 + T-cells, which is consistent with the clinical profile of the drug

Influência do óxido nitroso na velocidade de indução e de recuperação do halotano e do sevoflurano em pacientes pediátricos

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Maria Angela Tardelli

2001-01-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A utilização de múltiplos de CAM, não comparáveis, do sevoflurano e do halotano, além da diferente contribuição do N2O na CAM destes dois agentes, em pacientes pediátricos, são os fatores citados para explicar igual velocidade de indução e de recuperação destes agentes com diferentes solubilidades sangüíneas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o tempo de indução através de múltiplos da CAM e a recuperação da anestesia mantida com concentração expirada fixa de 1 CAM de halotano ou sevoflurano, associados ou não ao N2O, em crianças sob anestesia peridural sacra. MÉTODO: Foram estudadas 63 crianças divididas em 4 grupos de acordo com o agente inalatório utilizado para indução e manutenção da anestesia: Grupo 1: Halotano; Grupo 2: Halotano + N2O; Grupo 3: Sevoflurano; Grupo 4: Sevoflurano + N2O. Todas foram submetidas à peridural sacra. A indução sob máscara foi iniciada com 1 CAM do halogenado e incrementos de 0,5 CAM a cada 3 movimentos respiratórios até atingir 3 CAM, no máximo. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: freqüência cardíaca, pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica, fração expirada dos agentes inalatórios e os tempos de indução, de emergência e de resposta a comandos. RESULTADOS: Os tempos cirúrgicos não mostraram diferença significativa entre os grupos. Os tempos para perda do reflexo ciliar, para o término da indução, de emergência e orientação dos grupos 1 e 2 foram maiores que dos grupos 3 e 4, sem diferença entre os grupos 1 e 2 e entre os grupos 3 e 4. A freqüência cardíaca e as pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica não diferiram entre os grupos, nos diferentes tempos considerados. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta faixa etária, com a técnica anestésica empregada, os tempos de indução e de recuperação da anestesia foram diferentes entre os grupos do halotano e do sevoflurano, mas não apresentaram diferença com a associação de �

N-Alkynyl Derivatives of 5-Fluorouracil: Susceptibility to Palladium-Mediated Dealkylation and Toxigenicity in Cancer Cell Culture

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Jason T Weiss

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Palladium-activated prodrug therapy is an experimental therapeutic approach that relies on the unique chemical properties and biocompatibility of heterogeneous palladium catalysis to enable the spatially-controlled in vivo conversion of a biochemically-stable prodrug into its active form. This strategy, which would allow inducing local activation of systemically administered drug precursors by mediation of an implantable activating device made of Pd(0, has been proposed by our group as a way to reduce drug’s systemic toxicity while reaching therapeutic levels of the active drug in the affected tissue / organ. In the seminal study of such an approach, we reported that propargylation of the N1 position of 5-fluorouracil suppressed the drug’s cytotoxic properties, showed high stability in cell culture and facilitated the bioorthogonal restoration of the drug’s pharmacological activity in the presence of extracellular Pd(0-functionalized resins. To provide additional insight on the properties of this system, we have investigated different N1-alkynyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil and shown that the presence of substituents near the triple bond influence negatively on its sensitivity to palladium catalysis under biocompatible conditions. Comparative studies of the N1- versus the N3-propargyl derivatives of 5-fluorouracil revealed that masking each or both positions equally led to inactive derivatives (>200-fold reduction of cytotoxicity relative to the unmodified drug, whereas the depropargylation process occurred faster at the N1 position than at the N3, thus resulting in greater toxigenic properties in cancer cell culture.

Effect of Nitrogen Inhibitors on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Pasture Growth After an Autumn Application in Volcanic Soil Efecto de Inhibidores de Nitrógeno en las Emisiones de Óxido Nitroso y Crecimiento de la Pradera después de la Aplicación Otoñal en un Suelo Volcánico

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Erika Vistoso

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A range of technologies is available to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural systems. Among these, applying N transformation inhibitors is promising in reducing nitrous oxide (N2O emissions in both arable and pastoral soils. A randomized complete block design with six replicates was used to quantify the effect of urease (UI and nitrification (NI inhibitors on N2O emissions and pasture production from permanent pasture in an Andisol after autumn-applied urea. The N2O emissions were measured periodically for 8 wk with PVC stationary chambers. Mineral N, DM yield, N concentration, and N uptake were analyzed. Our results show that adding fertilizer (40 kg N ha-1 significantly increased N2O emissions by 281% over the control treatment (P Una gama de tecnologías están disponibles para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero desde sistemas agrícolas. Entre éstas, la aplicación de inhibidores de transformación del N es considerada prometedora para reducir emisiones de oxido nitroso (N2O en suelos de cultivo y praderas. Un diseño de bloques completos al azar con seis repeticiones se utilizó para cuantificar el efecto de inhibidores de ureasa (UI y nitrificación (NI sobre emisiones de N2O y producción de pradera permanente sobre un Andisol después de la aplicación otoñal de urea. Las emisiones de N2O se midieron periódicamente durante 8 semanas en cámara estacionaria de PVC. Se analizaron N mineral, rendimiento de MS, concentración de N, y absorción de N. Los resultados muestran que la aplicación de fertilizante (40 kg N ha-1 aumentó significativamente las emisiones de N2O en 281% sobre el tratamiento control (P < 0,05 y generó 10-29% de reducción de emisiones. Ambos inhibidores redujeron la producción de N-nitrato en el Andisol serie Osorno por detener la hidrólisis de urea o el proceso de nitrificación. Se midieron aumentos en producción (8-13%, concentración N (7-9% y absorción N (46-56% con la adición

Inhibition of mutagenicity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea by ellagic acid

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dixit, R.; Gold, B.

1986-01-01

Ellagic acid (EA), a plant phenol present in a variety of soft fruits and vegetables, has been shown to possess antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties against bay region diol epoxide of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is suggested that EA forms an adduct with diol epoxide of benzo (α) pyrene and thus prevents its binding to DNA. To better understand the mechanism of reactivity and inhibition properties of EA, we studied the effect of EA on mutagenicity and DNA alkylation of carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds, including N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-Nnitrosoguanidine (MNNG). MNU and MNNG are direct-acting mutagens requiring no metabolic activation. MNU showed a linear dose response between the concentration range of 50 to 400 nmole in an Ames/Salmonella mammalian mutagenicity test. EA at concentrations of 100, 250, 500, and 1,000 nmole inhibited the mutagenicity of MNU (400 nmole) by 3, 13, 45,and 60%, respectively. MNNG produced a nonlinear dose response in mutagenicity between the concentrations of 0.5 to 4 nmole. EA showed no appreciable inhibition of MNNG mutagenicity. Inhibition of DNA alkylation by MNU and MNNG by EA was studied by preincubating 50 to 200 nmole of EA with 200 nmole of ( 3 H)-MNU or ( 3 H)-MNNG for 10 min at 37 0 c, followed by incubation of polymer deoxyguanosine: deoxycytosine (poly dG:dC) (1 unit) overnight. EA caused no inhibitory effect on MNNG alkylation of poly dG:dC. Experiments on the effect of EA on alkylation of DNA and formation of nucleoside adducts by MNU are in progress, and results will be discussed with reference to MNU and MNNG mutagenicity and EA inhibition

Problematika operací s cennými papíry a finančními deriváty

OpenAIRE

Tejnský, Radko

2010-01-01

1 Resume Název: Problematika operací s cennými papíry a finančními deriváty Title: The issues of operations with securities and financial derivatives The aim of this thesis is to discuss selected issues of operations with securities (such as stocks, bonds, promissory notes, etc.) and financial derivatives. A financial derivative (or derivative security) is a financial instrument whose value depends on the values of other, more basic underlying variables. Commonly issued and frequently traded ...

Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New N-acylhydrazone Derivatives from Dehydroabietic Acid

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Chenhai Gu

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A series of new N-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthesized in good yields through the reactions of dehydroabietic acid hydrazide with a variety of substituted arylaldehydes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. From the crystal structure of compound 4l, the C=N double bonds of these N-acylhydrazones showed (E-configuration, while the NMR data of compounds 4a–q indicated the existence of two rotamers for each compound in solution. The target compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against four microbial strains. The result suggested that several compounds exhibited pronounced antibacterial activities. Particularly, compound 4p exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis comparable to positive control. The possible antibacterial metabolism and the strategy for further optimization of this compound were also discussed.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts are common toxicological biomarkers of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Xiaobo; Xia, Qingsu; Woodling, Kellie; Lin, Ge; Fu, Peter P

2017-10-01

There are 660 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and PA N-oxides present in the plants, with approximately half being possible carcinogens. We previously reported that a set of four PA-derived DNA adducts is formed in the liver of rats administered a series of hepatocarcinogenic PAs and a PA N-oxide. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that this set of DNA adducts is a common biological biomarker of PA-induced liver tumor formation. In this study, we determined that rat liver microsomal metabolism of five hepatocarcinogenic PAs (lasiocarpine, retrorsine, riddelliine, monocrotaline, and heliotrine) and their corresponding PA N-oxides produced the same set of DNA adducts. Among these compounds, lasiocarpine N-oxide, retrorsine N-oxide, monocrotaline N-oxide, and heliotrine N-oxide are for first time shown to be able to produce these DNA adducts. These results further support the role of these DNA adducts as potential common biomarkers of PA-induced liver tumor initiation. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-derived DNA adducts are common toxicological biomarkers of pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxides

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Xiaobo He

2017-10-01

Full Text Available There are 660 pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs and PA N-oxides present in the plants, with approximately half being possible carcinogens. We previously reported that a set of four PA-derived DNA adducts is formed in the liver of rats administered a series of hepatocarcinogenic PAs and a PA N-oxide. Based on our findings, we hypothesized that this set of DNA adducts is a common biological biomarker of PA-induced liver tumor formation. In this study, we determined that rat liver microsomal metabolism of five hepatocarcinogenic PAs (lasiocarpine, retrorsine, riddelliine, monocrotaline, and heliotrine and their corresponding PA N-oxides produced the same set of DNA adducts. Among these compounds, lasiocarpine N-oxide, retrorsine N-oxide, monocrotaline N-oxide, and heliotrine N-oxide are for first time shown to be able to produce these DNA adducts. These results further support the role of these DNA adducts as potential common biomarkers of PA-induced liver tumor initiation.

N,N'-disubstituted cinnamamide derivatives potentiate ciprofloxacin activity against overexpressing NorA efflux pump Staphylococcus aureus 1199B strains.

Science.gov (United States)

Radix, Sylvie; Jordheim, Anne Doléans; Rocheblave, Luc; N'Digo, Serge; Prignon, Anne-Laure; Commun, Carine; Michalet, Serge; Dijoux-Franca, Marie-Geneviève; Mularoni, Angélique; Walchshofer, Nadia

2018-04-25

A multi-step procedure has been described which afforded satisfactory yields of N,N'-disubstituted cinnamamides derived from N-Boc-protected amino acids (Boc-Gly, Boc-Val, Boc-Phe). The key step of this synthesis was a regioselective RedAl reduction of an amide function in presence of a carbamate group. Next, these cinnamamides were evaluated in co-admnistration with ciprofloxacin as efflux pump inhibitors against two S. aureus strains, NorA overexpressing SA1199B and wild type SA1199. In parallel, their intrinsic toxicity was appreciated on human lung fibroblast MRC5 cells. Therefore, the cinnamamide combining both carbamate and indol-3-yl groups, was found to be the most active and one of the less toxic EPI and constituted a promising hit. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Crystal structure of 2-hy-droxy-imino-2-(pyridin-2-yl)-N'-[1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl-idene]acetohydrazide.

Science.gov (United States)

Plutenko, Maxym O; Lampeka, Rostislav D; Haukka, Matti; Nordlander, Ebbe

2014-12-01

The mol-ecule of the title compound, C14H13N5O2, is approximately planar (r.m.s deviation for all non-H atoms = 0.093 Å), with the planes of the two pyridine rings inclined to one another by 5.51 (7)°. The oxime group is syn to the amide group, probably due to the formation of an intra-molecular N-H⋯N hydrogen bond that forms an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of bifurcated O-H⋯(O,N) hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers. The latter are linked via C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to (502). The sheets are linked via π-π stacking inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.7588 (9) Å], involving the pyridine rings of inversion-related mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional structure.

Free radical generation from an aniline derivative in HepG2 cells: a possible captodative effect.

Science.gov (United States)

Horinouchi, Yuya; Summers, Fiona A; Ehrenshaft, Marilyn; Mason, Ronald P

2015-01-01

Xenobiotic metabolism can induce the generation of protein radicals, which are believed to play an important role in the toxicity of chemicals and drugs. It is therefore important to identify chemical structures capable of inducing macromolecular free radical formation in living cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of four structurally related environmental chemicals, aniline, nitrosobenzene, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline (DMNA), to induce free radicals and cellular damage in the hepatoma cell line HepG2. Cytotoxicity was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase assays, and morphological changes were observed using phase contrast microscopy. Protein free radicals were detected by immuno-spin trapping using in-cell western experiments and confocal microscopy to determine the subcellular locale of free radical generation. DMNA induced free radical generation, lactate dehydrogenase release, and morphological changes in HepG2 cells, whereas aniline, nitrosobenzene, N,N-dimethylaniline did not. Confocal microscopy showed that DMNA induced free radical generation mainly in the cytosol. Preincubation of HepG2 cells with N-acetylcysteine and 2,2'-dipyridyl significantly prevented free radical generation on subsequent incubation with DMNA, whereas preincubation with apocynin and dimethyl sulfoxide had no effect. These results suggest that DMNA is metabolized to reactive free radicals capable of generating protein radicals which may play a critical role in DMNA toxicity. We propose that the captodative effect, the combined action of the electron-releasing dimethylamine substituent, and the electron-withdrawing nitroso substituent, leads to a thermodynamically stabilized radical, facilitating enhanced protein radical formation by DMNA. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on C-reactive protein, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α: a meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Kelei; Huang, Tao; Zheng, Jusheng; Wu, Kejian; Li, Duo

2014-01-01

Previous studies did not draw a consistent conclusion about the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fasting blood level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Medline (from 1950 to 2013) and bibliographies of relevant articles was undertaken. Sixty-eight RCTs with a total of 4601 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation showed a lowering effect on Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in three groups of subjects (subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, subjects with chronic autoimmune disease and healthy subjects). A significant negative linear relationship between duration and effect size of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation on fasting blood levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease was observed, indicating that longer duration of supplementation could lead to a greater lowering effect. A similar linear relationship was also observed for IL-6 levels in healthy subjects. Restricted cubic spline analysis and subgroup analysis showed that the lowering effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease became weakened when body mass index was greater than 30 kg/m². The effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs from dietary intake was only assessed in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, and a significant lowering effect was observed on IL-6, but not on CRP and TNF-α. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α level. The lowering effect was most effective in non-obese subjects and consecutive long-term supplementation was recommended.

Prolactin, TNF alpha and nitric oxide expression in nitroso-N-methylurea-induced-mammary tumours

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Vegh Irene

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The N-Nitrosomethylurea breast cancer model induced in rats is used for the study of carcinogenesis in mammary cancer, prostate, pancreas, etc. This model is very similar to human neoplastic disease. Methods The present experimental study was designed to assess whether metoclopramide administration has any effect on development of MNU-induced tumours, and evaluate the treatment of goserelin acetate on PRL, TNF alpha and NO expression. NMU was administered to female Wistar rats on 2 occasions (5 mg/100 g body w/rat. PRL and TNF alpha were performed by immune-assay. Nitric Oxide by semi automated-assay and ploidy analyses by flow cytometry. Results The administration of metoclopramide made the induction time shorter and increased the incidence and average of tumours per rat. Tumours development was inhibited by a goserelin chronic administration. The ploidy of adenocarcinoma was polyploid-aneuploid type (average S = 60%. It was higher basal PRL plasma levels in rats with NMU induced tumours than in basal controls without tumour (p Conclusion The increase of blood PRL levels in NMU-induced rats may be an indicator of a poor prognosis of mammary cancer evolution. The metoclopramide administration accelerates tumour growth. However goserelin administration achieves regression in tumour development associated to inhibition PRL, TNF alpha and NO expression.

Molecularly oriented surface relief formation in polymethacrylates comprising N-benzylideneaniline derivative side groups

Science.gov (United States)

Kawatsuki, Nobuhiro; Hosoda, Risa; Kondo, Mizuho; Sasaki, Tomoyuki; Ono, Hiroshi

2014-12-01

Molecularly oriented surface relief (SR) formation in polymethacrylates with N-benzylideneaniline (NBA) derivative side groups is investigated by holographic exposure using a 325 nm He-Cd laser. Because the NBA moieties show a photoinduced orientation perpendicular to the polarization of light, polarization holography successfully forms a molecularly oriented SR structure in accordance with the polarization distribution that includes p-polarized components. Although intensity holography induces molecular orientation, it does not generate a satisfactory SR structure. In all the holographic modes, the SR depth depends on the direction of the C=N bonds in the NBA moieties and the photoproducts affect the SR formation ability.

Synthesis and distribution of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-[14C]-glycine, a lipophilic derivative of glycine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lambert, D.M.; Gallez, Bernard; Poupaert, J.H.

1995-01-01

N-benzyloxycarbonyl[ 14 C]-glycine, a lipophilic derivative of glycine exhibiting anticonvulsant properties, was prepared in one step from [U- 14 C] glycine and benzyl chloroformate in alkali medium. a comparative study of biodistribution was carried on mice between this compound and the parent amino-acid after intravenous administration. Dimethylsulfoxide was used as injection vehicle for N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine. The influence of this injection vehicle was studied comparing glycine injected in a saline solution and glycine co-administered with dimethylsulfoxide. No significant difference was found between these two treatments. Compared to glycine, N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine reached quickly the central nervous system and exhibited an enhanced brain penetration index, 13-fold superior to the parent aminoacid value. (Author)

Approaches to α-amino acids via rearrangement to electron-deficient nitrogen: Beckmann and Hofmann rearrangements of appropriate carboxyl-protected substrates

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Sosale Chandrasekhar

2012-08-01

Full Text Available The titled approaches were effected with various 2-substituted benzoylacetic acid oximes 3 (Beckmann and 2-substituted malonamic acids 9 (Hofmann, their carboxyl groups being masked as a 2,4,10-trioxaadamantane unit (an orthoacetate. The oxime mesylates have been rearranged with basic Al2O3 in refluxing CHCl3, and the malonamic acids with phenyliodoso acetate and KOH/MeOH. Both routes are characterized by excellent overall yields. Structure confirmation of final products was conducted with X-ray diffraction in selected cases. The final N-benzoyl and N-(methoxycarbonyl products are α-amino acids with both carboxyl and amino protection; hence, they are of great interest in peptide synthesis.

Benzofuroxan derivatives N-Br and N-I induce intrinsic apoptosis in melanoma cells by regulating AKT/BIM signaling and display anti metastatic activity in vivo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Farias, C. F.; Massaoka, M. H.; Girola, N.; Azevedo, R. A.; Ferreira, A. K.; Jorge, S. D.; Tavares, L. C.; Figueiredo, C. R.; Travassos, L. R.

2015-01-01

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, and despite recent advances in treatment, the survival rate of the metastatic form remains low. Nifuroxazide analogues are drugs based on the substitution of the nitrofuran group by benzofuroxan, in view of the pharmacophore similarity of the nitro group, improving bioavailability, with higher intrinsic activity and less toxicity. Benzofuroxan activity involves the intracellular production of free-radical species. In the present work, we evaluated the antitumor effects of different benzofuroxan derivatives in a murine melanoma model. B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells were used to investigate the antitumor effects of Benzofuroxan derivatives in vitro and in a syngeneic melanoma model in C57Bl/6 mice. Cytotoxicity, morphological changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by a diphenyltetrasolium reagent, optical and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Annexin-V binding and mitochondrial integrity were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting and colorimetry identified cell signaling proteins. Benzofuroxan N-Br and N-I derivatives were active against murine and human tumor cell lines, exerting significant protection against metastatic melanoma in a syngeneic model. N-Br and N-I induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, evidenced by specific morphological changes, DNA condensation and degradation, and phosphatidylserine translocation in the plasma membrane. The intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in B16F10-Nex2 cells is suggested owing to reduced outer membrane potential in mitochondria, followed by caspase −9, −3 activation and cleavage of PARP. The cytotoxicity of N-Br and N-I in B16F10-Nex2 cells is mediated by the generation of ROS, inhibited by pre-incubation of the cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The induction of ROS by N-Br and N-I resulted in the inhibition of AKT activation, an important molecule related to tumor cell survival, followed by upregulation of BIM. We conclude that N-Br and N-I are

Benzofuroxan derivatives N-Br and N-I induce intrinsic apoptosis in melanoma cells by regulating AKT/BIM signaling and display anti metastatic activity in vivo.

Science.gov (United States)

Farias, C F; Massaoka, M H; Girola, N; Azevedo, R A; Ferreira, A K; Jorge, S D; Tavares, L C; Figueiredo, C R; Travassos, L R

2015-10-27

Malignant melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, and despite recent advances in treatment, the survival rate of the metastatic form remains low. Nifuroxazide analogues are drugs based on the substitution of the nitrofuran group by benzofuroxan, in view of the pharmacophore similarity of the nitro group, improving bioavailability, with higher intrinsic activity and less toxicity. Benzofuroxan activity involves the intracellular production of free-radical species. In the present work, we evaluated the antitumor effects of different benzofuroxan derivatives in a murine melanoma model. B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells were used to investigate the antitumor effects of Benzofuroxan derivatives in vitro and in a syngeneic melanoma model in C57Bl/6 mice. Cytotoxicity, morphological changes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed by a diphenyltetrasolium reagent, optical and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Annexin-V binding and mitochondrial integrity were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting and colorimetry identified cell signaling proteins. Benzofuroxan N-Br and N-I derivatives were active against murine and human tumor cell lines, exerting significant protection against metastatic melanoma in a syngeneic model. N-Br and N-I induce apoptosis in melanoma cells, evidenced by specific morphological changes, DNA condensation and degradation, and phosphatidylserine translocation in the plasma membrane. The intrinsic mitochondrial pathway in B16F10-Nex2 cells is suggested owing to reduced outer membrane potential in mitochondria, followed by caspase -9, -3 activation and cleavage of PARP. The cytotoxicity of N-Br and N-I in B16F10-Nex2 cells is mediated by the generation of ROS, inhibited by pre-incubation of the cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The induction of ROS by N-Br and N-I resulted in the inhibition of AKT activation, an important molecule related to tumor cell survival, followed by upregulation of BIM. We conclude that N-Br and N-I are

Expression of Neuronal and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms and Generation of Protein Nitrotyrosine in Rat Brain Following Hypobaric Hypoxia

Science.gov (United States)

2001-06-01

Promoci6n General del Conocimiento , Ministerio de Educaci6n y Cultura. We thank Mr. E. Sfnchez and directors and staff of the Hospital del Aire and CIMA... based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds. Nature 364: 626-632. Lowenstein, C.J

Catalytic soman scavenging by Y337A/F338A acetylcholinesterase mutant assisted with novel site-directed aldoximes

Science.gov (United States)

Kovarik, Zrinka; Hrvat, Nikolina Maček; Katalinić, Maja; Sit, Rakesh K.; Paradyse, Alexander; Žunec, Suzana; Musilek, Kamil; Fokin, Valery V.; Taylor, Palmer; Radić, Zoran

2016-01-01

Exposure to the nerve agent soman is difficult to treat due to the rapid dealkylation of soman-acetylcholinesterase (AChE) conjugate known as aging. Oxime antidotes commonly used to reactivate organophosphate inhibited AChE are ineffective against soman, while the efficacy of the recommended nerve agent bioscavenger butyrylcholinesterase is limited by strictly stoichiometric scavenging. To overcome this limitation, we tested ex vivo, in human blood, and in vivo, in soman exposed mice, the capacity of aging-resistant human AChE mutant Y337A/F338A in combination with oxime HI-6 to act as a catalytic bioscavenger of soman. HI-6 was previously shown in vitro to efficiently reactivate this mutant upon soman, as well as VX, cyclosarin, sarin and paraoxon inhibition. We here demonstrate that ex vivo, in whole human blood, 1 μM soman was detoxified within 30 minutes when supplemented with 0.5 μM Y337A/F338A AChE and 100 μM HI-6. This combination was further tested in vivo. Catalytic scavenging of soman in mice improved the therapeutic outcome and resulted in the delayed onset of toxicity symptoms. Furthermore, in a preliminary in vitro screen we identified an even more efficacious oxime than HI-6, in a series of forty-two pyridinium aldoximes, and five imidazole 2-aldoxime N-propyl pyridinium derivatives. One of the later imidazole aldoximes, RS-170B, was a 2–3 –fold more effective reactivator of Y337A/F338A AChE than HI-6 due to the smaller imidazole ring, as indicated by computational molecular models, that affords a more productive angle of nucleophilic attack. PMID:25835984

Emissão de óxido nitroso com a aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos em solo sob plantio direto Nitrous oxide emissions following pig slurry application in soil under no-tillage system

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Sandro José Giacomini

2006-11-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as emissões de óxido nitroso (N2O para a atmosfera depois da aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos, em plantio direto (PD e preparo reduzido (PR do solo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação (40 m³ ha-1, ou não, de dejetos líquidos em PD e PR. As emissões de N2O foram medidas in situ depois da aplicação dos dejetos, por 28 dias. Os fluxos de N2O aumentaram com a aplicação dos dejetos e, em apenas 20% das avaliações realizadas, foram superiores no PD. As emissões de N2O relacionaram-se com o aumento do espaço poroso ocupado pela água. Quantidades acumuladas de N na forma de N2O, emitidas em 28 dias, representaram 0,20 e 0,25% do N total aplicado com os dejetos no PD e PR, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstram que a aplicação de dejetos líquidos de suínos em PD não aumenta a emissão acumulada de N2O em relação à aplicação em PR.The objective of this work was to compare nitrous oxide (N2O emissions to the atmosphere with pig slurry application on soil under no-tillage (NT and minimum tillage (MT. The experimental design was set as a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments consisted of the application (40 m³ ha-1, or not, of pig slurry in NT and MT. The N2O emissions were measured in situ, after the slurry application, for 28 days. The N2O flux increased with the application of slurry and, only in 20% of the evaluations, they were greater in NT. Nitrous oxide emissions were related to the increase of the water-filled pore space. Amounts of N-N2O emitted in 28 days represented 0.20 and 0.25% of total N applied with slurry for NT and MT, respectively. Results work show that pig slurry application in NT does not increase the accumulated N2O emission in relation to application in MT.

265 nm laser flash photolysis of some ortho-substituted anilides and related N-formylkynurenine derivatives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pileni, M P; Santus, R [Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, 75 - Paris (France); Land, E J

1978-06-01

The physical and chemical properties of the triplet state of eight ortho-substituted anilides including N-formylkynurenine(FK), the major trp UV-photooxidation product and a remarkable photodynamic agent, have been investigated using both pulse radiolysis and 265 nm laser flash photolysis techniques. The molar extinction coefficient, the inter-system-crossing quantum yield and the oscillator strength of the T/sub 1/..-->..Tsub(n) absorption band (lambdasub(max)approximately equal 450nm) have been determined. It is shown that anilides having n..pi..* triplets readily react with most solvents whereas those having ..pi..,..pi..* triplets slowly react with alcohols. In both cases, the semi-reduced species are formed. In water, the formation of the semi-reduced species most probably involves the first excited singlet state. The triplet state properties of the FK derivatives (i.e. ortho-substituted anilides having a side chain bearing charged groups such as carboxylic or amino groups) are strongly modified by the ionization state of the charged side chain. In the case of the FK derivatives possessing an uncharged amino group, quenching of the triplet state occurs via a fast reversible electron transfer reaction from the NH/sub 2/ to the triplet anilide.

Stereoselective synthesis of diazaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives via base promoted [5+1] double Michael addition of N,N-dimethylbarbituric acid to diaryliedene acetones

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Mohammad Shahidul Islam

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The nitrogen containing spiro-heterocycle is one of the privileged synthetic motif that constitutes various naturally occurring molecules and displays a broad range of pharmaceutical and biological activities. A new methodology was developed for the synthesis of 2,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-1,3,5,9-tetraones spiro-heterocyclic derivatives via cascade cyclization of [5+1] double Michael addition reaction of N,N-dimethylbarbituric acid with the derivatives of diaryldivinylketones in the presence of diethylamine at ambient temperature. The developed protocol is highly capable of furnishing diazaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives 3a–m in excellent yields (up to 98%, from easily accessible symmetric and non-symmetric divinylketones 2a–m, containing aryl and heteroaryl substituents. The diazaspiro-heterocyclic structure was mainly elucidated by NMR and X-ray crystallographic techniques. The single-crystal X-ray studies revealed that, the cyclohexanone unit of spirocycles often prefers a chair conformation rather than twisted conformation. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding and CArH⋯π, π–π stacking interactions driving forces are mainly responsible for the crystal packing.

Reliability of low-frequency auditory stimulation studies associated with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Saco, Y.; Turzo, A.; Guias, B.; Morin, P.P. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 29 - Brest (France). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine); Jezequel, J. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 29 - Brest (France). Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology); Robier, A. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 - Tours (France). Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology); Baulieu, J.L. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 - Tours (France). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine)

1993-05-01

Development of auditory stimulation tests associated with single-photon emission tomography (SPET) shows evidence of variations in perfusion related to the stimuli. Three brain SPET examinations with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime were performed on eight right-handed adults with normal hearing, the first one without stimulation and the other two associated with a 500-Hz/30-dB stimulation of the right ear. Temporal regions of interest covering auditory areas, as well as parietal ones (internal control), were drawn on three successive coronal slices. A cortico-cerebellar index R was calculated, and the variation in activity was defined for each subject using the ratio R[sub poststimulation] - R[sub prestimulation]/R[sub prest]u[sub mulation]. A significant increase in the temporal cortex count occurred in all subjects. This increase was bilateral, except for one subject in whom it was not significant on the right side. This result recurred during the second stimulation study. Overall the response of the left temporal cortex was stronger, although the asymmetry was not significant. The asymmetry repeated itself after each stimulation. The perfursion response is globally reliable in our study. We must ascertainhow sensitive this test is with regard to deaf adults and adults with normal hearing before extending its use to children. (orig.).

Reliability of low-frequency auditory stimulation studies associated with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single-photon emission tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Saco, Y.; Turzo, A.; Guias, B.; Morin, P.P.; Jezequel, J.; Robier, A.; Baulieu, J.L.

1993-01-01

Development of auditory stimulation tests associated with single-photon emission tomography (SPET) shows evidence of variations in perfusion related to the stimuli. Three brain SPET examinations with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime were performed on eight right-handed adults with normal hearing, the first one without stimulation and the other two associated with a 500-Hz/30-dB stimulation of the right ear. Temporal regions of interest covering auditory areas, as well as parietal ones (internal control), were drawn on three successive coronal slices. A cortico-cerebellar index R was calculated, and the variation in activity was defined for each subject using the ratio R poststimulation - R prestimulation /R prest u mulation . A significant increase in the temporal cortex count occurred in all subjects. This increase was bilateral, except for one subject in whom it was not significant on the right side. This result recurred during the second stimulation study. Overall the response of the left temporal cortex was stronger, although the asymmetry was not significant. The asymmetry repeated itself after each stimulation. The perfursion response is globally reliable in our study. We must ascertainhow sensitive this test is with regard to deaf adults and adults with normal hearing before extending its use to children. (orig.)

Characterization of N-Glycan Structures on the Surface of Mature Dengue 2 Virus Derived from Insect Cells.

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Y Lei

Full Text Available DENV envelope glycoprotein (E is responsible for interacting with host cell receptors and is the main target for the development of a dengue vaccine based on an induction of neutralizing antibodies. It is well known that DENV E glycoprotein has two potential N-linked glycosylation sites at Asn67 and Asn153. The N-glycans of E glycoprotein have been shown to influence the proper folding of the protein, its cellular localization, its interactions with receptors and its immunogenicity. However, the precise structures of the N-glycans that are attached to E glycoprotein remain elusive, although the crystal structure of DENV E has been determined. This study characterized the structures of envelope protein N-linked glycans on mature DENV-2 particles derived from insect cells via an integrated method that used both lectin microarray and MALDI-TOF-MS. By combining these methods, a high heterogeneity of DENV N-glycans was found. Five types of N-glycan were identified on DENV-2, including mannose, GalNAc, GlcNAc, fucose and sialic acid; high mannose-type N-linked oligosaccharides and the galactosylation of N-glycans were the major structures that were found. Furthermore, a complex between a glycan on DENV and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD of DC-SIGN was mimicked with computational docking experiments. For the first time, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the N-linked glycan profile of whole DENV-2 particles derived from insect cells.

Kac-Moody algebras derived from linearization systems using Zsub(N) reduction and extended to supersymmetry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bohr, H.; Roy Chowdhury, A.

1984-10-01

The hidden symmetries in various integrable models are derived by applying a newly developed method that uses the Riemann-Hilbert transform in a Zsub(N)-reduction of the linearization systems. The method is extended to linearization systems with higher algebras and with supersymmetry. (author)

Microwave Assisted Synthesis of 2,2'-Arylene-substituted Bis(4H-3,1-Benzoxazin-4-one Derivatives Using the Complex Cyanuric Chloride/N,N-Dimethylformamide

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Mehdi Shariat

2012-09-01

Full Text Available A new and efficient method has been designed to prepare 2,2'-arylene-substituted bis(4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one derivatives by using the mixture of cyanuric chloride and N,N-dimethylformamide in a microwave-assisted reaction. The method used and presented here has good rate enhancement and excellent yields.

Fulltext PDF

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

A series of fifteen diversified N-benzylpiperidin-4-one oximes were synthesized and characterized ... Someshwar D Dindulkar et al. N. O ...... Cremer and Pople and Nardelli.14,15 For the piperidone ..... Parkin D M 2006 Int. J. Cancer 118 3030.

Effect of Marine-Derived n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor α: A Meta-Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Kelei; Huang, Tao; Zheng, Jusheng; Wu, Kejian; Li, Duo

2014-01-01

Background Previous studies did not draw a consistent conclusion about the effects of marine-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on fasting blood level of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Methods and Findings A comprehensive search of Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Medline (from 1950 to 2013) and bibliographies of relevant articles was undertaken. Sixty-eight RCTs with a total of 4601 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation showed a lowering effect on Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on TNF-α, IL-6 and CRP in three groups of subjects (subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, subjects with chronic autoimmune disease and healthy subjects). A significant negative linear relationship between duration and effect size of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation on fasting blood levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease was observed, indicating that longer duration of supplementation could lead to a greater lowering effect. A similar linear relationship was also observed for IL-6 levels in healthy subjects. Restricted cubic spline analysis and subgroup analysis showed that the lowering effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease became weakened when body mass index was greater than 30 kg/m2. The effect of marine-derived n-3 PUFAs from dietary intake was only assessed in subjects with chronic non-autoimmune disease, and a significant lowering effect was observed on IL-6, but not on CRP and TNF-α. Conclusions Marine-derived n-3 PUFAs supplementation had a significant lowering effect on CRP, IL-6 and TNF-α level. The lowering effect was most effective in non-obese subjects and consecutive long-term supplementation was recommended. PMID:24505395

Lanthanum triflate triggered synthesis of tetrahydroquinazolinone derivatives of N-allyl quinolone and their biological assessment

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Jardosh Hardik H.

2012-01-01

Full Text Available A series of 24 derivatives of tetrahydroquinazolinone has been synthesized by one-pot cyclocondensation reaction of N-allyl quinolones, cyclic β-diketones and (thiourea/N-phenylthiourea in presence of lanthanum triflate catalyst. This methodology allowed us to achieve the products in excellent yield by stirring at room temperature. All the synthesized compounds were investigated against a representative panel of pathogenic strains using broth microdilution MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration method for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. Amongst these sets of heterocyclic compounds 5h, 6b, 6h, 5f, 5l, 5n and 6g found to have admirable activity.

Vykazování finančních derivátů

OpenAIRE

Votoček, Filip

2009-01-01

Thesis is devoted to basic aspects of the reporting of financial derivatives. Mentioned is brief history and determination of term "derivative" from different points of view. Follows diversification of financial derivatives into groups. The main part is focused on reporting of fixed term contracts and options. Finally is described approach of International Financial Reporting Standards.

A New Method to Find Fuzzy Nth Order Derivation and Applications to Fuzzy Nth Order Arithmetic Based on Generalized H-Derivation

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Laleh Hooshangian

2014-07-01

Full Text Available In this paper, fuzzy nth-order derivative for n in N is introduced. To do this, nth-order derivation under generalized Hukuhara derivative here in discussed. Calculations on the fuzzy nth-order derivative on fuzzy functions and their relationships, in general, are introduced. Then, the fuzzy nth-order differential equations is solved, for n in N.

N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-mediated ING4 downregulation contributed to the angiogenesis of transformed human gastric epithelial cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Yansu; Fu, Rui; Xu, Mengdie; Huang, Yefei; Sun, Guixiang; Xu, Lichun

2018-04-15

Angiogenesis is associated with the progression and mortality of gastric cancer. Epidemiological evidences indicate that long-term N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) exposure predominantly contributes to the mortality of gastric cancer. Therefore, further reduced mortality of gastric cancer demands to explore the exact mechanisms of NOCs induced angiogenesis. As a tumor suppressor gene, inhibitor of growth protein 4 (ING4) plays an important role in pathological angiogenesis. In this study, we will investigate ING4 expression level in human gastric epithelial cells after the long-term low dose exposure of N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and the pathological impact of MNNG-reduced ING4 on angiogenesis of transformed cells. The soft agar colony formation assay, Western blotting, immunofluorescence and wound healing assay were used to evaluate the characteristics of transformed cells. HUVEC growth and tube formation assays were performed to test the angiogenic abilities. EMSA, luciferase reporter gene assay, real-time PCR and Western blotting were used to explore the exact mechanism. By establishing transformed human gastric epithelial cells via chronic low dose treatment, a gradually ING4 downregulation was observed in the later-stage of MNNG-induced cell transformation. Moreover, we demonstrated that MNNG exposure-reduced ING4 expression significantly resulted into aggravating angiogenesis through increasing the phosphorylation level of NF-κB p65 and subsequently DAN binding activity and regulating the expressions of NF-κB p65 downstream pro-angiogenic genes, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Our findings provided a significant mechanistic insight into angiogenesis of MNNG-transformed human gastric epithelial cell and supported the concept that ING4 may be a relevant therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Radiolabeling of multimeric neurotensin(8-13) analogs with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18.

Science.gov (United States)

Hultsch, Christina; Berndt, Mathias; Bergmann, Ralf; Wuest, Frank

2007-07-01

Three methods for (18)F-labeling of dimeric and tetrameric neurotensin(8-13) derivatives were evaluated with respect to the labeling yield and the required peptide amounts. Labeling using N-succinimidyl-4-[(18)F]fluorobenzoate ([(18)F]SFB) gave low radiochemical yield for the dimeric peptides. Coupling of the tetramer with [(18)F]SFB was not successful. High yields were obtained for labeling of the aminooxy-functionalized neurotensin(8-13) dimer using 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde ([(18)F]FBA) whilst coupling of the corresponding tetramer gave only low yields. Labeling of sulfydryl-functionalized neurotensin(8-13) derivatives using the maleinimide 4-[(18)F]fluorobenzaldehyde-O-[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexyl]-oxime ([(18)F]FBAM) resulted in high radiochemical yields for both, the dimer and the tetramer. Therefore, [(18)F]FBAM seems to be the most suitable (18)F-labeling agent for multivalent neurotensin(8-13) derivatives.

Radiolabeling of multimeric neurotensin(8-13) analogs with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hultsch, Christina [Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Rossendorf, P.O. Box 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); Berndt, Mathias [Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Rossendorf, P.O. Box 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); Bergmann, Ralf [Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Rossendorf, P.O. Box 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden (Germany); Wuest, Frank [Institute of Radiopharmacy, Research Center Rossendorf, P.O. Box 51 01 19, D-01314 Dresden (Germany)

2007-07-15

Three methods for {sup 18}F-labeling of dimeric and tetrameric neurotensin(8-13) derivatives were evaluated with respect to the labeling yield and the required peptide amounts. Labeling using N-succinimidyl-4-[{sup 18}F]fluorobenzoate ([{sup 18}F]SFB) gave low radiochemical yield for the dimeric peptides. Coupling of the tetramer with [{sup 18}F]SFB was not successful. High yields were obtained for labeling of the aminooxy-functionalized neurotensin(8-13) dimer using 4-[{sup 18}F]fluorobenzaldehyde ([{sup 18}F]FBA) whilst coupling of the corresponding tetramer gave only low yields. Labeling of sulfydryl-functionalized neurotensin(8-13) derivatives using the maleinimide 4-[{sup 18}F]fluorobenzaldehyde-O-[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexyl] -oxime ([{sup 18}F]FBAM) resulted in high radiochemical yields for both, the dimer and the tetramer. Therefore, [{sup 18}F]FBAM seems to be the most suitable {sup 18}F-labeling agent for multivalent neurotensin(8-13) derivatives.

Radiolabeling of multimeric neurotensin(8-13) analogs with the short-lived positron emitter fluorine-18

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hultsch, Christina; Berndt, Mathias; Bergmann, Ralf; Wuest, Frank

2007-01-01

Three methods for 18 F-labeling of dimeric and tetrameric neurotensin(8-13) derivatives were evaluated with respect to the labeling yield and the required peptide amounts. Labeling using N-succinimidyl-4-[ 18 F]fluorobenzoate ([ 18 F]SFB) gave low radiochemical yield for the dimeric peptides. Coupling of the tetramer with [ 18 F]SFB was not successful. High yields were obtained for labeling of the aminooxy-functionalized neurotensin(8-13) dimer using 4-[ 18 F]fluorobenzaldehyde ([ 18 F]FBA) whilst coupling of the corresponding tetramer gave only low yields. Labeling of sulfydryl-functionalized neurotensin(8-13) derivatives using the maleinimide 4-[ 18 F]fluorobenzaldehyde-O-[6-(2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-pyrrol-1-yl)-hexyl] -oxime ([ 18 F]FBAM) resulted in high radiochemical yields for both, the dimer and the tetramer. Therefore, [ 18 F]FBAM seems to be the most suitable 18 F-labeling agent for multivalent neurotensin(8-13) derivatives

The use of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime labelled granulocytes with single-photon emission tomography imaging in the detection and follow-up of recurrence of infective endocarditis complicating transvenous endocardial pacemaker

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramackers, J.M.; Kotzki, P.O.; Couret, I.; Messner-Pellenc, P.; Davy, J.M.; Rossi, M.

1995-01-01

In this case report we present a patient with a recurrence of subacute bacterial infectious endocarditis (IE) complicating a transvenous endocardial pacemaker. Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO) labelled granulocytes were used for diagnosis and follow-up under medical treatment only, since surgical removal of the pacemaker lead was ruled out because of the general condition of the patient. Single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging displayed the active lesion previously suspected on echography. At the end of antibiotic therapy, SPET indicated a favourable disease outcome whereas echocardiographic abnormalities remained nearly unchanged. The medical treatment had eradicated the IE, and the patient did well for more than 1 year thereafter. (orig.)

The use of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime labelled granulocytes with single-photon emission tomography imaging in the detection and follow-up of recurrence of infective endocarditis complicating transvenous endocardial pacemaker

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramackers, J M [Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU E. Herriot, Lyon (France); Kotzki, P O [Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Lapeyronie et A. de Villeneuve, Montpellier (France); Couret, I [Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Lapeyronie et A. de Villeneuve, Montpellier (France); Messner-Pellenc, P [Department of Cardiology, CHU Lapeyronie et A. Villeneuve, Montpellier (France); Davy, J M [Department of Cardiology, CHU Lapeyronie et A. Villeneuve, Montpellier (France); Rossi, M [Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Lapeyronie et A. de Villeneuve, Montpellier (France)

1995-11-01

In this case report we present a patient with a recurrence of subacute bacterial infectious endocarditis (IE) complicating a transvenous endocardial pacemaker. Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) labelled granulocytes were used for diagnosis and follow-up under medical treatment only, since surgical removal of the pacemaker lead was ruled out because of the general condition of the patient. Single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging displayed the active lesion previously suspected on echography. At the end of antibiotic therapy, SPET indicated a favourable disease outcome whereas echocardiographic abnormalities remained nearly unchanged. The medical treatment had eradicated the IE, and the patient did well for more than 1 year thereafter. (orig.)

Importance of phenols structure on their activity as antinitrosating agents: A kinetic study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcia Pessego

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Objective : Nitrosative deamination of DNA bases induced by reaction with reactive nitrogen species (RNS has been pointed out as a probable cause of mutagenesis. (Polyphenols, present in many food items from the Mediterranean diet, are believed to possess antinitrosating properties due to their RNS scavenging ability, which seems to be related to their structure. It has been suggested that phenolic compounds will react with the above-mentioned species more rapidly than most amino compounds, thus preventing direct nitrosation of the DNA bases and their transnitrosation from endogenous N-nitroso compounds, or most likely from the transient N-nitrosocompounds formed in vivo. Materials and Methods : In order to prove that assumption, a kinetic study of the nitroso group transfer from a N-methyl-N-nitrosobenzenesulfonamide (N-methyl-N-nitroso-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide, MeNMBS to the DNA bases bearing an amine group and to a series of phenols was carried out. In the transnitrosation of phenols, the formation of nitrosophenol was monitored by Ultraviolet (UV / Visible spectroscopy, and in the reactions of the DNA bases, the consumption of MeNMBS was followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC. Results : The results obtained point to the transnitrosation of DNA bases being negligible, as well as that of phenols bearing electron-withdrawing groups. Phenols with methoxy substituents in positions 2, 4, and / or 6, although they seemed to react, did not afford the expected product. Phenols with electron-releasing substituents, unless these blocked the oxygen atom, reacted with our model compound at an appreciable rate. O-nitrosation of the phenolate ion followed by rearrangement of the C-nitrosophenol seemed to be involved. Conclusion : This study provided evidence that the above compounds might actually act as antinitrosating agents in vivo.

Mono-N-acyl-2,6-diaminopimelic acid derivatives: analysis by electromigration and spectroscopic methods and examination of enzyme inhibitory activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Hlaváček, Jan; Vítovcová, Miloslava; Sázelová, Petra; Pícha, Jan; Vaněk, Václav; Buděšínský, Miloš; Jiráček, Jiří; Gillner, Danuta M; Holz, Richard C; Mikšík, Ivan; Kašička, Václav

2014-12-15

Thirteen mono-N-acyl derivatives of 2,6-diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-new potential inhibitors of the dapE-encoded N-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (DapE; EC 3.5.1.18)-were analyzed and characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and two capillary electromigration methods: capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Structural features of DAP derivatives were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopies, whereas CZE and MEKC were applied to evaluate their purity and to investigate their electromigration properties. Effective electrophoretic mobilities of these compounds were determined by CZE in acidic and alkaline background electrolytes (BGEs) and by MEKC in acidic and alkaline BGEs containing a pseudostationary phase of anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or cationic detergent cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The best separation of DAP derivatives, including diastereomers of some of them, was achieved by MEKC in an acidic BGE (500 mM acetic acid [pH 2.54] and 60mM SDS). All DAP derivatives were examined for their ability to inhibit catalytic activity of DapE from Haemophilus influenzae (HiDapE) and ArgE from Escherichia coli (EcArgE). None of these DAP derivatives worked as an effective inhibitor of HiDapE, but one derivative-N-fumaryl, Me-ester-DAP-was found to be a moderate inhibitor of EcArgE, thereby providing a promising lead structure for further studies on ArgE inhibitors. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermospheric neutral temperatures derived from charge-exchange produced N{sub 2}{sup +} Meinel (1,0) rotational distributions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mutiso, C.K.; Zettergren, M.D.; Hughes, J.M.; Sivjee, G.G. [Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Daytona Beach, FL (United States). Space Physics Research Lab.

2013-06-01

Thermalized rotational distributions of neutral and ionized N{sub 2} and O{sub 2} have long been used to determine neutral temperatures (T{sub n}) during auroral conditions. In both bright E-region (n} in the E-region cannot likewise be used to obtain T{sub n} in the F-region. Nevertheless, charge-exchange reactions between high-altitude (>or similar 130 km) species provide an exception to this situation. In particular, the charge-exchange reaction O{sup +}({sup 2}D)+N{sub 2}(X) {yields}N{sub 2}{sup +} (A{sup 2}{Pi}{sub u}, {nu}' = 1) + O({sup 3}P) yields thermalized N{sub 2}{sup +} Meinel (1,0) emissions, which, albeit weak, can be used to derive neutral temperatures at altitudes of {proportional_to} 130 km and higher. In this work, we present N{sub 2}{sup +} Meinel (1,0) rotational temperatures and brightnesses obtained at Svalbard, Norway, during various auroral conditions. We calculate T{sub n} at thermospheric altitudes of 130-180 km from thermalized rotational populations of N{sub 2}{sup +} Meinel (1,0); these emissions are excited by soft electron (derived brightnesses to observations. The agreement between the two is good. Emission heights obtained from optical data, modeling, and ISR data are consistent. Obtaining thermospheric T{sub n} from chargeexchange excited N{sub 2}{sup +} Meinel (1,0) emissions provides an additional means of remotely sensing the neutral atmosphere, although certain limiting conditions are necessary. These include precipitation of low-energy electrons, and a non-sunlit emitting layer. (orig.)

Interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase signaling and temperature influences sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium leak: role of nitroso-redox balance.

Science.gov (United States)

Dulce, Raul A; Mayo, Vera; Rangel, Erika B; Balkan, Wayne; Hare, Joshua M

2015-01-02

Although nitric oxide (NO) signaling modulates cardiac function and excitation-contraction coupling, opposing results because of inconsistent experimental conditions, particularly with respect to temperature, confound the ability to elucidate NO signaling pathways. Here, we show that temperature significantly modulates NO effects. To test the hypothesis that temperature profoundly affects nitroso-redox equilibrium, thereby affecting sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium (Ca(2+)) leak. We measured SR Ca(2+) leak in cardiomyocytes from wild-type (WT), NO/redox imbalance (neuronal nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice-1 [NOS1(-/-)]), and hyper S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-deficient (GSNOR(-/-)) mice. In WT cardiomyocytes, SR Ca(2+) leak increased because temperature decreased from 37°C to 23°C, whereas in NOS1(-/-) cells, the leak suddenly increased when the temperature surpassed 30°C. GSNOR(-/-) cardiomyocytes exhibited low leak throughout the temperature range. Exogenously added NO had a biphasic effect on NOS1(-/-) cardiomyocytes; reducing leak at 37°C but increasing it at subphysiological temperatures. Oxypurinol and Tempol diminished the leak in NOS1(-/-) cardiomyocytes. Cooling from 37°C to 23°C increased reactive oxygen species generation in WT but decreased it in NOS1(-/-) cardiomyocytes. Oxypurinol further reduced reactive oxygen species generation. At 23°C in WT cells, leak was decreased by tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential NOS cofactor. Cooling significantly increased SR Ca(2+) content in NOS1(-/-) cells but had no effect in WT or GSNOR(-/-). Ca(2+) leak and temperature are normally inversely proportional, whereas NOS1 deficiency reverses this effect, increasing leak and elevating reactive oxygen species production because temperature increases. Reduced denitrosylation (GSNOR deficiency) eliminates the temperature dependence of leak. Thus, temperature regulates the balance between NO and reactive oxygen species which in turn has a major effect on SR

Glifosato e ácido aminometilfosfônico: desenvolvimento de metodologias de análise por injeção sequencial e investigação sobre processos adsortivos e fisiológicos de interesse ambiental

OpenAIRE

Sandro de Miranda Colombo

2011-01-01

Descreve-se o desenvolvimento de um método de análise por injeção sequencial para determinação de glifosato em formulações comerciais por voltametria de onda quadrada em eletrodo de gota de mercúrio. O glifosato foi derivatizado em modo estacionário com ácido nitroso para produção de N-nitroso glifosato, que é eletroativo. Os limites de detecção (LD) e quantificação (LQ) foram 0,7 e 2,4 mg L-1 (4 e 14 µmol L-1), respectivamente. O método foi aplicado a três formulações, obtendo resultado...

Efficient one-pot, four-component synthesis of N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives from the reaction of (isocyanoiminotriphenylphosphorane, dibenzylamine, an aromatic carboxylic acid and cyclobutanone

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shajari Nahid

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Four-component reaction of cyclobutanone, dibenzylamine and (Nisocyanimino triphenylphosphorane in the presence of aromatic carboxylic acids proceed smoothly at room temperature and under neutral conditions to afford N,N-dibenzyl-N-{1-[5-(3-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]cyclobutyl}amine derivatives in high yields.

Synthesis and distribution of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-[{sup 14}C]-glycine, a lipophilic derivative of glycine

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lambert, D.M.; Gallez, Bernard; Poupaert, J.H. [Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels (Belgium). Dept. des Sciences Pharmaceutiques

1995-12-31

N-benzyloxycarbonyl[{sup 14}C]-glycine, a lipophilic derivative of glycine exhibiting anticonvulsant properties, was prepared in one step from [U-{sup 14}C] glycine and benzyl chloroformate in alkali medium. a comparative study of biodistribution was carried on mice between this compound and the parent amino-acid after intravenous administration. Dimethylsulfoxide was used as injection vehicle for N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine. The influence of this injection vehicle was studied comparing glycine injected in a saline solution and glycine co-administered with dimethylsulfoxide. No significant difference was found between these two treatments. Compared to glycine, N-benzyloxycarbonylglycine reached quickly the central nervous system and exhibited an enhanced brain penetration index, 13-fold superior to the parent aminoacid value. (Author).

Maternal characteristics associated with the dietary intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines in women of child-bearing age: a cross-sectional study.

Science.gov (United States)

Griesenbeck, John S; Brender, Jean D; Sharkey, Joseph R; Steck, Michelle D; Huber, John C; Rene, Antonio A; McDonald, Thomas J; Romitti, Paul A; Canfield, Mark A; Langlois, Peter H; Suarez, Lucina

2010-02-19

Multiple N-nitroso compounds have been observed in animal studies to be both mutagenic and teratogenic. Human exposure to N-nitroso compounds and their precursors, nitrates and nitrites, can occur through exogenous sources, such as diet, drinking water, occupation, or environmental exposures, and through endogenous exposures resulting from the formation of N-nitroso compounds in the body. Very little information is available on intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines and factors related to increased consumption of these compounds. Using survey and dietary intake information from control women (with deliveries of live births without major congenital malformations during 1997-2004) who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), we examined the relation between various maternal characteristics and intake of nitrates, nitrites, and nitrosamines from dietary sources. Estimated intake of these compounds was obtained from the Willet Food Frequency Questionnaire as adapted for the NBDPS. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the consumption of these compounds by self-reported race/ethnicity and other maternal characteristics. Median intake per day for nitrates, nitrites, total nitrites (nitrites + 5% nitrates), and nitrosamines was estimated at 40.48 mg, 1.53 mg, 3.69 mg, and 0.472 microg respectively. With the lowest quartile of intake as the referent category and controlling for daily caloric intake, factors predicting intake of these compounds included maternal race/ethnicity, education, body mass index, household income, area of residence, folate intake, and percent of daily calories from dietary fat. Non-Hispanic White participants were less likely to consume nitrates, nitrites, and total nitrites per day, but more likely to consume dietary nitrosamines than other participants that participated in the NBDPS. Primary food sources of these compounds also varied by

Synthesis and Fungicidal activity of some sulphide derivatives of O-Ethyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imeokparia, F.A.

2006-01-01

Monosulphides of O-ethyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates were prepared by the reaction between O-ethyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates and sulphur dichloride, while the corresponding disulphides were prepared by the reaction between O-ethyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates and sulphur monochloride. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier-transform infrared, and /sup 1/H and /sup 13/C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. In vitro fungicidal assay of these sulphides against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus stolonifer showed that they had Greater fungicidal activity than their parent carbamates. The synthesized sulphides were more active towards A. Niger and A. flavus. Unlike the parent carbamates, the type of substituents attached to the aromatic nucleus of these sulphides had little or no effect on their fungicidal activity as there was insignificant variation in the fungicidal activity of the monosulphide and the disulphide derivatives of O-ethyl-N-substituted phenylcarbamates. (author)

Humic acid batteries derived from vermicomposts at different C/N ratios

Science.gov (United States)

Shamsuddin, R. M.; Borhan, A.; Lim, W. K.

2017-06-01

Humic acid is a known fertilizer derived from decomposed organic matters. Organic wastes are normally landfilled for disposal which had contributed negatively to the environment. From waste-to-wealth perspective, such wastes are potential precursors for compost fertilizers. When worms are added into a composting process, the process is termed as vermicomposting. In this work, humic acid from vermicompost derived from campus green wastes was developed into a battery. This adds value proposition to compost instead of being traditionally used solely as soil improver. This research work aimed to study the correlation between electrical potential generated by humic acid at different Carbon to Nitrogen (C/N) ratios of vermicompost at 20, 25, 30 and 35. The temperature and pH profiles of composting revealed that the compost was ready after 55 days. The humic acid was extracted from compost via alkaline extraction followed by precipitation in a strong acid. The extracted humic acid together with other additives were packed into a compartment and termed as vermibattery. Another set of battery running only on the additives was also prepared as a control. The net voltage produced by a single vermibattery cell with Zn and PbO electrodes was in the range of 0.31 to 0.44 V with compost at C/N ratio of 30 gave the highest voltage. The battery can be connected in series to increase the voltage generation. Quality assessment on the compost revealed that the final carbon content is between 16 to 23 wt%, nitrogen content of 0.4 to 0.5 wt%, humic acid yield of 0.7 to 1.5 wt% and final compost mass reduction of 10 to 35 wt%. Composting campus green wastes carries multi-fold benefits of reducing labour requirement, generating fertilizer for campus greenery and green battery construction.

Reaction between (Z)-arylchlorooximes and α-isocyanoacetamides: a procedure for the synthesis of aryl-α-ketoamide amides.

Science.gov (United States)

Giustiniano, Mariateresa; Mercalli, Valentina; Cassese, Hilde; Di Maro, Salvatore; Galli, Ubaldina; Novellino, Ettore; Tron, Gian Cesare

2014-07-03

(Z)-Arylchlorooximes and α-isocyanoacetamides undergo a smooth reaction to produce 1,3-oxazol-2-oxime derivatives in good yields. Opening of the oxazole ring and deoximation reaction give a facile access to aryl-α-ketoamide amides, a class of privileged scaffolds in medicinal chemistry and important synthetic intermediates in organic chemistry.

Iridium-catalyzed direct synthesis of tryptamine derivatives from indoles: exploiting n-protected β-amino alcohols as alkylating agents.

Science.gov (United States)

Bartolucci, Silvia; Mari, Michele; Bedini, Annalida; Piersanti, Giovanni; Spadoni, Gilberto

2015-03-20

The selective C3-alkylation of indoles with N-protected ethanolamines involving the "borrowing hydrogen" strategy is described. This method provides convenient and sustainable access to several tryptamine derivatives.

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography of the brain in early Parkinson's disease: correlation with dementia and lateralization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Shuujiun; Lin Kerneng; Shan Dinge; Liao Kwankum; Fuh Jongling; Lee Liangshong; Liu Renshyan; Liu Hsiuchih

1993-01-01

Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed in 19 patients with early idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 control subjects of similar age by single-photon emission tomography using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Of the patients with PD, seven were mildly demented and 15 presented with hemiparkinsonism. Mean HMPAO cortical or basal ganglia/cerebellum activity ratios were calculated. Mean cortical and regional uptake ratios in non-demented PD patients were not significantly different from values in the controls. In contrast, besides generalized cortical hypoperfusion, demented PD patients had significantly lower HMPAO uptake in the frontal and basal ganglia regions than non-demented patients. These observations support the hypothesis of impaired neuronal activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain in demented PD patients. In hemiparkinsonian patients, the only asymmetrical finding was a relative hypoperfusion in the contralateral parietal region. This may be due to deafferentation of the thalamoparietal pathways. The lack of asymmetrical uptake in basal ganglia in our PD patients may be explained by their staging at the time of the investigation (stage I and II, Hoehn and Yahr scale). (orig.)

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography of the brain in early Parkinson's disease: correlation with dementia and lateralization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shuujiun, Wang; Kerneng, Lin; Dinge, Shan; Kwankum, Liao; Jongling, Fuh; Liangshong, Lee [National Yang-Ming Medical Coll., Taipei (Taiwan); Renshyan, Liu [Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine; Hsiuchih, Liu [Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan). Neurological Inst.

1993-04-01

Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed in 19 patients with early idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 control subjects of similar age by single-photon emission tomography using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Of the patients with PD, seven were mildly demented and 15 presented with hemiparkinsonism. Mean HMPAO cortical or basal ganglia/cerebellum activity ratios were calculated. Mean cortical and regional uptake ratios in non-demented PD patients were not significantly different from values in the controls. In contrast, besides generalized cortical hypoperfusion, demented PD patients had significantly lower HMPAO uptake in the frontal and basal ganglia regions than non-demented patients. These observations support the hypothesis of impaired neuronal activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain in demented PD patients. In hemiparkinsonian patients, the only asymmetrical finding was a relative hypoperfusion in the contralateral parietal region. This may be due to deafferentation of the thalamoparietal pathways. The lack of asymmetrical uptake in basal ganglia in our PD patients may be explained by their staging at the time of the investigation (stage I and II, Hoehn and Yahr scale). (orig.).

C60 and Sc3N@C80(TMB-PPO derivatives as constituents of singlet oxygen generating, thiol-ene polymer nanocomposites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ashli R. Toles

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Numerous functionalization methods have been employed to increase the solubility, and therefore, the processability of fullerenes in composite structures, and of these radical addition reactions continue to be an important methodology. C60 and Sc3N@C80 derivatives were prepared via radical addition of the photodecomposition products from the commercial photoinitiator TMB-PPO, yielding C60(TMB-PPO5 and Sc3N@C80(TMB-PPO3 as preferred soluble derivatives obtained in high yields. Characterization of the mixture of isomers using standard techniques suggests an overall 1PPO:6TMB ratio of addends, reflecting the increased reactivity of the carbon radical. Although, a higher percentage of PPO is observed in the Sc3N@C80(TMB-PPO3 population, perhaps due to reverse electronic requirements of the substrate. Visually dispersed thiol-ene nanocomposites with low extractables were prepared using two monomer compositions (PETMP:TTT and TMPMP:TMPDE with increasing fullerene derivative loading to probe network structure-property relationships. Thermal stability of the derivatives and the resulting networks decreased with increased functionality and at high fullerene loadings, respectively. TMPMP:TMPDE composite networks show well-dispersed derivatives via TEM imaging, and increasing Tg’s with fullerene loading, as expected for the incorporation of a more rigid network component. PETMP:TTT composites show phase separation in TEM, which is supported by the observed Tg’s. Singlet oxygen generation of the derivatives decreases with increased functionality; however, this is compensated for by the tremendous increase in solubility in organic solvents and miscibility with monomers. Most importantly, singlet oxygen generation from the composites increased with fullerene derivative loading, with good photostability of the networks.

GC protein-derived macrophage-activating factor decreases ?-N-acetylgalactosaminidase levels in advanced cancer patients

OpenAIRE

Thyer, Lynda; Ward, Emma; Smith, Rodney; Branca, Jacopo JV; Morucci, Gabriele; Gulisano, Massimo; Noakes, David; Eslinger, Robert; Pacini, Stefania

2013-01-01

?-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) accumulates in the serum of cancer patients and its activity correlates with tumor burden, aggressiveness and clinical disease progression. The administration of GC protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) to cancer patients with elevated levels of nagalase has been associated with a decrease of serum nagalase activity and with significant clinical benefits. Here, we report the results of the administration of GcMAF to a heterogeneous cohort ...

Evaluation of medical countermeasures against organophosphorus compounds: the value of experimental data and computer simulations.

Science.gov (United States)

Worek, Franz; Aurbek, Nadine; Herkert, Nadja M; John, Harald; Eddleston, Michael; Eyer, Peter; Thiermann, Horst

2010-09-06

Despite extensive research for more than six decades on medical countermeasures against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (OP) the treatment options are meagre. The presently established acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivators (oximes), e.g. obidoxime and pralidoxime, are insufficient against a number of nerve agents and there is ongoing debate on the benefit of oxime treatment in human OP pesticide poisoning. Up to now, the therapeutic efficacy of oximes was mostly evaluated in animal models but substantial species differences prevent direct extrapolation of animal data to humans. Hence, it was considered essential to establish relevant experimental in vitro models for the investigation of oximes as antidotes and to develop computer models for the simulation of oxime efficacy in different scenarios of OP poisoning. Kinetic studies on the various interactions between erythrocyte AChE from various species, structurally different OP and different oximes provided a basis for the initial assessment of the ability of oximes to reactivate inhibited AChE. In the present study, in vitro enzyme-kinetic and pharmacokinetic data from a minipig model of dimethoate poisoning and oxime treatment were used to calculate dynamic changes of AChE activities. It could be shown that there is a close agreement between calculated and in vivo AChE activities. Moreover, computer simulations provided insight into the potential and limitations of oxime treatment. In the end, such data may be a versatile tool for the ongoing discussion of the pros and cons of oxime treatment in human OP pesticide poisoning. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and antiedematogenic activity of some N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine derivatives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goes, Alexandre Jose da Silva; Lima, Waldir Tavares de; Nagy, Helena Juliana; Alves, Antonio Jose; Faria, Antonio Rodolfo de; Lima, Jose Gildo de; Maia, Maria Bernadete de Souza

2004-01-01

Derivatives of N tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-2,4-thiazolidinedione (7a-c) and N-tryptophyl-5-benzylidene-rhodanine (7d-f) were prepared by condensation of the intermediates 5 and 6 with different benzaldehydes, respectively. Their structural elucidation was carried through by IR, 1 H NMR and MS. The acute toxicity and antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b,c and 7e,f were evaluated. The data did not reveal any sign of toxicity, and no mortality was registered. As indomethacin (10 mg/kg; v.o.), the antiedematogenic activity of the compounds 7b (50 mg/kg; v.o.) and 7e, 7f (50 or 100 mg/kg; v.o.) against carrageenan-induced paw edema was verified at time intervals of 180 min. (author)

Enhanced detectability of fluorinated derivatives of N,N-dialkylamino alcohols and precursors of nitrogen mustards by gas chromatography coupled to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis for verification of chemical weapons convention.

Science.gov (United States)

Garg, Prabhat; Purohit, Ajay; Tak, Vijay K; Dubey, D K

2009-11-06

N,N-Dialkylamino alcohols, N-methyldiethanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine and triethanolamine are the precursors of VX type nerve agents and three different nitrogen mustards respectively. Their detection and identification is of paramount importance for verification analysis of chemical weapons convention. GC-FTIR is used as complimentary technique to GC-MS analysis for identification of these analytes. One constraint of GC-FTIR, its low sensitivity, was overcome by converting the analytes to their fluorinated derivatives. Owing to high absorptivity in IR region, these derivatives facilitated their detection by GC-FTIR analysis. Derivatizing reagents having trimethylsilyl, trifluoroacyl and heptafluorobutyryl groups on imidazole moiety were screened. Derivatives formed there were analyzed by GC-FTIR quantitatively. Of these reagents studied, heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBI) produced the greatest increase in sensitivity by GC-FTIR detection. 60-125 folds of sensitivity enhancement were observed for the analytes by HFBI derivatization. Absorbance due to various functional groups responsible for enhanced sensitivity were compared by determining their corresponding relative molar extinction coefficients ( [Formula: see text] ) considering uniform optical path length. The RSDs for intraday repeatability and interday reproducibility for various derivatives were 0.2-1.1% and 0.3-1.8%. Limit of detection (LOD) was achieved up to 10-15ng and applicability of the method was tested with unknown samples obtained in international proficiency tests.

Occurrence of indole compounds in some vegetables : toxicological implications of nitrosation with emphasis on mutagenicity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Tiedink, H.G.M.

1991-01-01

From the introduction to the chemistry, occurrence and formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC) (Chapter 1), it can be concluded that human exposure to these potent carcinogenic compounds is mainly through the endogenous nitrosation of dietary precursors. Vegetables are the major source of

Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidative cyclizations of 3-N-hydroxyamino-1,2-propadienes with alcohols, thiols, and amines to form α-O-, S-, and N-substituted 4-methylquinoline derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Sharma, Pankaj; Liu, Rai-Shung

2015-03-16

A one-pot, two-step synthesis of α-O-, S-, and N-substituted 4-methylquinoline derivatives through Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidations of N-hydroxyaminoallenes with alcohols, thiols, and amines is described. This reaction sequence involves an initial oxidation of N-hydroxyaminoallenes with NuH (Nu = OH, OR, NHR, and SR) to form 3-substituted 2-en-1-ones, followed by Brønsted acid catalyzed intramolecular cyclizations of the resulting products. Our mechanistic analysis suggests that the reactions proceed through a radical-type mechanism rather than a typical nitrone-intermediate route. The utility of this new Cu-catalyzed reaction is shown by its applicability to the synthesis of several 2-amino-4-methylquinoline derivatives, which are known to be key precursors to several bioactive molecules. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Saturated amine oxides: Part 8. Hydroacridines: Part 27. Effects of N-oxidation and of N-quaternization on the 15N NMR chemical shifts of N-methylpiperidine-derived mono-, bi-, and tricycloaliphatic tertiary amines.

Science.gov (United States)

Potmischil, Francisc; Duddeck, Helmut; Nicolescu, Alina; Deleanu, Calin

2007-03-01

The (15)N chemical shifts of 13 N-methylpiperidine-derived mono-, bi- and tricycloaliphatic tertiary amines, their methiodides and their N-epimeric pairs of N-oxides were measured, and the contributions of specific structural parameters to the chemical shifts were determined by multilinear regression analysis. Within the examined compounds, the effects of N-oxidation upon the (15)N chemical shifts of the amines vary from +56 ppm to +90 ppm (deshielding), of which approx. +67.7 ppm is due to the inductive effect of the incoming N(+)--O(-) oxygen atom, whereas the rest is due to the additive shift effects of the various C-alkyl substituents of the piperidine ring. The effects of quaternization vary from -3.1 ppm to +29.3 ppm, of which approx. +8.9 ppm is due to the inductive effect of the incoming N(+)--CH(3) methyl group, and the rest is due to the additive shift effects of the various C-alkyl substituents of the piperidine ring. The shift effects of the C-alkyl substituents in the amines, the N-oxides and the methiodides are discussed. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Mechanisms underlying epithelium-dependent relaxation in rat bronchioles

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kroigaard, Christel; Dalsgaard, Thomas; Simonsen, Ulf

2010-01-01

This study investigated the mechanisms underlying epithelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EpDHF)-type relaxation in rat bronchioles. Immunohistochemistry was performed, and rat bronchioles and pulmonary arteries were mounted in microvascular myographs for functional studies. An opener of small...... (SK(Ca)) and intermediate (IK(Ca))-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels, NS309 (6,7-dichloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-oxime) was used to induce EpDHF-type relaxation. IK(Ca) and SK(Ca)3 positive immunoreactions were observed mainly in the epithelium and endothelium of bronchioles and arteries......, respectively. In 5-hydroxytryptamine (1 microM)-contracted bronchioles (828 +/- 20 microm, n = 84) and U46619 (0.03 microM)-contracted arteries (720 +/- 24 microm, n = 68), NS309 (0.001-10 microM) induced concentration-dependent relaxations that were reduced by epithelium/endothelium removal and by blocking IK...

Heme-Induced Biomarkers Associated with Red Meat Promotion of colon Cancer Are Not Modulated by the Intake of Nitrite

Science.gov (United States)

Chenni, Fatima Z; Taché, Sylviane; Naud, Nathalie; Guéraud, Françoise; Hobbs, Ditte A; Kunhle, Gunter G C; Pierre, Fabrice H; Corpet, Denis E

2013-01-01

Red and processed meat consumption is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. Three hypotheses are proposed to explain this association, via heme/alcenal, heterocyclic amines or N-nitroso compounds. Rats have often been used to study these hypotheses, but the lack of enterosalivary cycle of nitrate in rats casts doubt on the relevance of this animal model to predict nitroso- and heme-associated human colon carcinogenesis. The present study was thus designed to clarify whether a nitrite intake that mimics the enterosalivary cycle can modulate heme-induced nitrosation and fat peroxidation. This study shows that, in contrast with the starting hypothesis, salivary nitrite did not change the effect of hemoglobin on biochemical markers linked to colon carcinogenesis, notably lipid peroxidation and cytotoxic activity in the colon of rat. However, ingested sodium nitrite increased fecal nitroso-compounds level, but their fecal concentration and their nature (iron-nitrosyl) would not be associated with an increased risk of cancer. The rat model could thus be relevant to study the effect of red meat on colon carcinogenesis in spite of the lack of nitrite recycling in rat’s saliva. PMID:23441609

Cytotoxic effects of psychotropic benzofuran derivatives, N-methyl-5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran and its N-demethylated derivative, on isolated rat hepatocytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakagawa, Yoshio; Suzuki, Toshinari; Tada, Yukie; Inomata, Akiko

2017-03-01

The novel psychoactive compounds derived from amphetamine have been illegally abused as recreational drugs, some of which are known to be hepatotoxic in humans and experimental animals. The cytotoxic effects and mechanisms of 5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-APB) and N-methyl-5-(2-aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-MAPB), both of which are benzofuran analogues of amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methamphetamine (MDMA) were studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes. 5-MAPB caused not only concentration-dependent (0-4.0 mm) and time-dependent (0-3 h) cell death accompanied by the depletion of cellular ATP and reduced glutathione and protein thiol levels, but also accumulation of oxidized glutathione. Of the other analogues examined at a concentration of 4 mm, 5-MAPB/5-APB-induced cytotoxicity with the production of reactive oxygen species and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential was greater than that induced by MDMA. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, the benzofurans resulted in a greater increase in the rate of state 4 oxygen consumption than did MDMA, with a decrease in the rate of state 3 oxygen consumption. Furthermore, the benzofurans caused more of a rapid mitochondrial swelling dependent on the mitochondrial permeability transition than MDMA. 5-MAPB at a weakly toxic level (1 mm) was metabolized slowly: levels of 5-MAPB and 5-APB were approximately 0.9 mm and 50 μm, respectively, after 3 h incubation. Taken collectively, these results indicate that mitochondria are target organelles for the benzofuran analogues and MDMA, which elicit cytotoxicity through mitochondrial failure, and the onset of cytotoxicity may depend on the initial and/or residual concentrations of 5-MAPB rather than on those of its metabolite 5-APB. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Peptides derived from human galectin-3 N-terminal tail interact with its carbohydrate recognition domain in a phosphorylation-dependent manner

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Berbís, M. Álvaro [Chemical and Physical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid (Spain); André, Sabine [Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich (Germany); Cañada, F. Javier [Chemical and Physical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Pipkorn, Rüdiger [Central Peptide Synthesis Unit, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Ippel, Hans [Department of Biochemistry, CARIM, University of Maastricht, Maastricht (Netherlands); Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Mayo, Kevin H. [Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (United States); Kübler, Dieter [Biomolecular Interactions, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany); Gabius, Hans-Joachim [Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich (Germany); Jiménez-Barbero, Jesús, E-mail: jjbarbero@cib.csic.es [Chemical and Physical Biology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid (Spain)

2014-01-03

Highlights: •Galectin-3 is composed of a carbohydrate recognition domain and an N-terminal tail. •Synthetic peptides derived from the tail are shown to interact with the CRD. •This interaction is modulated by Ser- and Tyr-phosphorylation of the peptides. -- Abstract: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multi-functional effector protein that functions in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, as well as extracellularly following non-classical secretion. Structurally, Gal-3 is unique among galectins with its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) attached to a rather long N-terminal tail composed mostly of collagen-like repeats (nine in the human protein) and terminating in a short non-collagenous terminal peptide sequence unique in this lectin family and not yet fully explored. Although several Ser and Tyr sites within the N-terminal tail can be phosphorylated, the physiological significance of this post-translational modification remains unclear. Here, we used a series of synthetic (phospho)peptides derived from the tail to assess phosphorylation-mediated interactions with {sup 15}N-labeled Gal-3 CRD. HSQC-derived chemical shift perturbations revealed selective interactions at the backface of the CRD that were attenuated by phosphorylation of Tyr 107 and Tyr 118, while phosphorylation of Ser 6 and Ser 12 was essential. Controls with sequence scrambling underscored inherent specificity. Our studies shed light on how phosphorylation of the N-terminal tail may impact on Gal-3 function and prompt further studies using phosphorylated full-length protein.

Peptides derived from human galectin-3 N-terminal tail interact with its carbohydrate recognition domain in a phosphorylation-dependent manner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berbís, M. Álvaro; André, Sabine; Cañada, F. Javier; Pipkorn, Rüdiger; Ippel, Hans; Mayo, Kevin H.; Kübler, Dieter; Gabius, Hans-Joachim; Jiménez-Barbero, Jesús

2014-01-01

Highlights: •Galectin-3 is composed of a carbohydrate recognition domain and an N-terminal tail. •Synthetic peptides derived from the tail are shown to interact with the CRD. •This interaction is modulated by Ser- and Tyr-phosphorylation of the peptides. -- Abstract: Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multi-functional effector protein that functions in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, as well as extracellularly following non-classical secretion. Structurally, Gal-3 is unique among galectins with its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) attached to a rather long N-terminal tail composed mostly of collagen-like repeats (nine in the human protein) and terminating in a short non-collagenous terminal peptide sequence unique in this lectin family and not yet fully explored. Although several Ser and Tyr sites within the N-terminal tail can be phosphorylated, the physiological significance of this post-translational modification remains unclear. Here, we used a series of synthetic (phospho)peptides derived from the tail to assess phosphorylation-mediated interactions with 15 N-labeled Gal-3 CRD. HSQC-derived chemical shift perturbations revealed selective interactions at the backface of the CRD that were attenuated by phosphorylation of Tyr 107 and Tyr 118, while phosphorylation of Ser 6 and Ser 12 was essential. Controls with sequence scrambling underscored inherent specificity. Our studies shed light on how phosphorylation of the N-terminal tail may impact on Gal-3 function and prompt further studies using phosphorylated full-length protein

Steroids as immunochemical probes; thermodynamic and kinetic data with special regards to the 'bridge problem' in estrogen radioimmunoassay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuss, E.; Dirr, W.; Goebel, R.; Gloning, K.; Hoetzinger, H.; Link, M.; Thoma, H.

1977-01-01

The binding sites of antibodies raised against estrogen-6-one-oxime-0-carboxymethyl-derivatives attached to epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues in albumin were mapped thermodynamically and kinetically by reactions with labelled and unlabelled haptens. By equilibrium dialysis Gibbs energies were found to amount to about -14 kcal/mol, to be rather uniformly distributed, and to be predominantly enthalpy contributed. From unlabeled haptens their potencies to inhibit binding of labeled ligands were determined, which values are related to their binding energies. The structures of the series of systematically varied unlabelled haptens approached increasingly the structure of the immunodeterminant. Ranking the inhibition potencies of this series revealed that estrogen-6-one exhibited the highest potency, even higher than the inhibition potency of the estrogen-6-one-oxime-0-carboxymethyl-lysine derivative, which is obviously most closely related to the immunodeterminant group. To prove whether the inhibition potencies were actually restricted by the size of the antibody-binding site, both components of the equilibrium constants were determined, the association rate constants and the dissociation rate constants. Structure dependent variation of both indicated that explanation of the binding processes in terms of only the equilibrium constants was insufficient. Association reaction rates decreased with increasing length of the hapten molecules. Inversely dissociation rates decreased, but the slowest dissociation rate was observed on complexes of antibodies with estrogen-6-one-oxime-0-methylether. Further lengthening of the hapten had no effect on the dissociation rate. It was concluded that this ligand reflects the size of antibody binding site. (orig.) [de

Phase I and phase II reductive metabolism simulation of nitro aromatic xenobiotics with electrochemistry coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Bussy, Ugo; Chung-Davidson, Yu-Wen; Li, Ke; Li, Weiming

2014-11-01

Electrochemistry combined with (liquid chromatography) high resolution mass spectrometry was used to simulate the general reductive metabolism of three biologically important nitro aromatic molecules: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), niclosamide, and nilutamide. TFM is a pesticide used in the Laurential Great Lakes while niclosamide and nilutamide are used in cancer therapy. At first, a flow-through electrochemical cell was directly connected to a high resolution mass spectrometer to evaluate the ability of electrochemistry to produce the main reduction metabolites of nitro aromatic, nitroso, hydroxylamine, and amine functional groups. Electrochemical experiments were then carried out at a constant potential of -2.5 V before analysis of the reduction products by LC-HRMS, which confirmed the presence of the nitroso, hydroxylamine, and amine species as well as dimers. Dimer identification illustrates the reactivity of the nitroso species with amine and hydroxylamine species. To investigate xenobiotic metabolism, the reactivity of nitroso species to biomolecules was also examined. Binding of the nitroso metabolite to glutathione was demonstrated by the observation of adducts by LC-ESI(+)-HRMS and the characteristics of their MSMS fragmentation. In conclusion, electrochemistry produces the main reductive metabolites of nitro aromatics and supports the observation of nitroso reactivity through dimer or glutathione adduct formation.

Cortical perfusion response to an electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in profoundly deaf patients: Study with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Scao, Y.; Robier, A.; Beuter, P.; Baulieu, J.L.; Pourcelot, L.

1992-01-01

Brain activation procedures associated with single photon emission tomography (SPET) have recently been developed in healthy controls and diseased patients in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the effects of a promontory test (PT) on the cerebral distribution of technetium-99m hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime ( 99m Tc-HMPAO) in 7 profoundly deaf patients, 6 PT+ and PT-. The count variation in the temporal lobe was calculated on 6 coronal slices using the ratio (R stimulation -R deprivation )/R deprivation where R=counts in the temporal lobe was observed in all patients and was higher in all patients with PT+ than in the patient with PT-. The problems of head positioning and resolution of the system were taken into account, and we considered that the maximal count increment was related to the auditory cortex response to the stimulus. Further clinical investigations with high-resolution systems have to be performed in order to validate this presurgery test in cochlear implant assessment. (orig.)

Synthesis of some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from 2-Chloro-N-p-Tolylacetamide

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hanan Gh Shaaban

2017-02-01

Full Text Available This research includes preparation of (2-chloro-N-p-tolylacetamide (1 from the reaction of (p-aminotoluene with chloro acetyl chloride. Compound (1 reacted with thiosemi carbazide and gave compound (2, and when compound (1 reacted with semicarbazide gave compound (3. While when compound (1 reacted with thiourea it produced compound (4. Compounds (2-4 when reacted with appropriate aromatic aldehydes or ketones produced Shiff bass (5-16, which in turn reacted with chloro acetyl chloride in the present of tri ethyl amine and dioxin gave β-lactam derivatives (14-22. The structures of these compounds were characterized from their melting points, FT-IR, and NMR.

Crystal structures of (E-1-naphthaldehyde oxime and (E-phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde oxime

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jamal Lasri

2018-03-01

Full Text Available The aldoximes C11H9NO (I and C15H11NO (II, synthesized in ca 90% yield, by treatment of 1-naphthaldehyde or phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde, respectively, with hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium carbonate, have been characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and DEPT-135 NMR spectroscopies, and also by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The molecules of (I and (II are conformationally similar, with the aldoxime substituent groups lying outside the planes of the naphthalene or phenanthrene rings, forming dihedral angles with them of 23.9 (4 and 27.9 (6°, respectively. The crystal structures of both (I and (II are similar with a single intermolecular O—H...N hydrogen-bonding interaction, giving rise to the formation of one-dimensional polymeric chains extending along the 21 (b screw axes in each.

Modifier action of the chlorophyllin of the mutagenesis induced by the ethyl-nitroso-urea (ENU) in germinal cells of Drosophila melanogaster; Accion modificadora de la clorofilina de la mutagenesis inducida por la etil-nitroso-urea (ENU) en celulas germinales de Drosophila melanogaster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morales N, I

2006-07-01

The cupro-sodium chlorophyllin (CCS) it is a soluble porphyrin in water that it includes in its it structures a copper atom instead of the magnesium that has the chlorophyll. Diverse experiments have demonstrated that it possesses a potent activity, reducing or inhibiting, the DNA damage caused by physical and chemical agents of direct action or insinuation. Most of the knowledge about their anti genotoxic activity has been obtained using somatic cells of different organisms, on the other hand it is known very little of their effect in germinal cells. At the moment in the Drosophila laboratory of the ININ it is investigating the protective action of the CCS in germinal cells, with these studies has been observed that its administration to females that were crossed with males irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma radiation, promotes the induction of lethal dominant in the embryonic and post-embryonic states causing a diminution in the viability egg-adult. With the test of lethal recessive bound to the sex one has evidence that it increases the basal frequency of lethal recessive and it doesn't reduce those induced by radiation. In contrast, with the present investigation when the CCS was administered to males that later on were treated with ethyl-nitroso-urea (ENU) caused a reduction of the lethal frequency in all the monitored cellular states, but only it was significant in the post-meiotic cells. On the contrary, when the CCS was administered to the female ones and then they crossed with males treaties with ENU, it was observed a tendency to increase the lethal ones in all the cellular types. With both protocols the CCS caused a diminution of the sterility. The fact that the CCS has antagonistic activities, it deserves special attention to investigate with different protocols and systems, the conditions in that this pigment can work as a true antimutagenic and/or anti carcinogenic before being able to him to propose as a chemopreventor. (Author)

Drug Nanoparticle Formulation Using Ascorbic Acid Derivatives

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kunikazu Moribe

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Drug nanoparticle formulation using ascorbic acid derivatives and its therapeutic uses have recently been introduced. Hydrophilic ascorbic acid derivatives such as ascorbyl glycoside have been used not only as antioxidants but also as food and pharmaceutical excipients. In addition to drug solubilization, drug nanoparticle formation was observed using ascorbyl glycoside. Hydrophobic ascorbic acid derivatives such as ascorbyl mono- and di-n-alkyl fatty acid derivatives are used either as drugs or carrier components. Ascorbyl n-alkyl fatty acid derivatives have been formulated as antioxidants or anticancer drugs for nanoparticle formulations such as micelles, microemulsions, and liposomes. ASC-P vesicles called aspasomes are submicron-sized particles that can encapsulate hydrophilic drugs. Several transdermal and injectable formulations of ascorbyl n-alkyl fatty acid derivatives were used, including ascorbyl palmitate.

Antibacterial activity of nitric oxide releasing silver nanoparticles

Science.gov (United States)

Seabra, Amedea B.; Manosalva, Nixson; de Araujo Lima, Bruna; Pelegrino, Milena T.; Brocchi, Marcelo; Rubilar, Olga; Duran, Nelson

2017-06-01

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are well known potent antimicrobial agents. Similarly, the free radical nitric oxide (NO) has important antibacterial activity, and due to its instability, the combination of NO and nanomaterials has been applied in several biomedical applications. The aim of this work was to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the antibacterial activity of a new NO-releasing AgNPs. Herein, AgNPs were synthesized by the reduction of silver ions (Ag+) by catechin, a natural polyphenol and potent antioxidant agent, derived from green tea extract. Catechin acts as a reducing agent and as a capping molecule on the surface of AgNPs, minimizing particle agglomeration. The as-synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques. The results showed the formation of AgNPs with average hydrodynamic size of 44 nm, polydispersity index of 0.21, and zeta potential of -35.9 mV. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of the AgNP core and cathecin as capping agent. The low molecular weight mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA), which contain free thiol group, was added on the surface of catechin-AgNPs, leading to the formation of MSA-catechin-AgNPs (the NO precursor nanoparticle). Free thiol groups of MSA-catechin-AgNPs were nitrosated leading to the formation of S-nitroso-mercaptosuccinic acid (S-nitroso-MSA), the NO donor. The amount of 342 ± 16 µmol of NO was released per gram of S-nitroso-MSA-catechin-AgNPs. The antibacterial activities of catechin-AgNPs, MSA-catechin-AgNPs, and S-nitroso-MSA-catechin-AgNPs were evaluated towards different resistant bacterial strains. The results demonstrated an enhanced antibacterial activity of the NO-releasing AgNP. For instance, the minimal inhibitory concentration values for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) incubated with AgNPs-catechin, AgNPs-catechin-MSA, and AgNPs-catechin-S-nitroso-MSA were found to be 62, 125 and 3 µg/mL, respectively. While in the case of

Characterization of the Materials Synthesized by High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of a Polymer Derived t-BC₂N Ceramic.

Science.gov (United States)

Matizamhuka, Wallace R; Sigalas, Iakovos; Herrmann, Mathias; Dubronvinsky, Leonid; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia; Miyajima, Nobuyoshi; Mera, Gabriela; Riedel, Ralf

2011-11-29

Bulk B-C-N materials were synthesized under static high thermobaric conditions (20 GPa and 2,000 °C) in a multianvil apparatus from a polymer derived t-BC 1.97 N ceramic. The bulk samples were characterised using X-ray synchrotron radiation and analytical transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Polycrystalline B-C-N materials with a cubic type structure were formed under the applied reaction conditions, but the formation of a ternary cubic diamond-like c-BC₂N compound, could not be unambiguously confirmed.

Recyclable Polymer-Supported Terpyridine–Palladium Complex for the Tandem Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides to Primary Amides in Water Using NaN3 as Ammonia Equivalent

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Toshimasa Suzuka

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Primary aromatic amides are valuable compounds, which are generally prepared via Beckmann rearrangement of oximes and the hydration of nitriles in organic solvents. We investigated the environmentally friendly catalytic aminocarbonylation in water. Thus, a novel heterogeneous transition-metal catalyst, a polymer-supported terpyridine–palladium(II complex, was prepared and found to promote azidocarbonylation of aryl iodides with NaN3 and to reduce the generated benzoyl azides in water under CO gas to yield primary aryl amides with high to excellent yield in a one-pot reaction. The catalyst was recovered and reused several times with no loss of catalytic activity.

Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Lutidine-Derived Pincer CNC Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Hydrogenation of C-N bonds.

Science.gov (United States)

Hernández-Juárez, Martín; López-Serrano, Joaquín; Lara, Patricia; Morales-Cerón, Judith P; Vaquero, Mónica; Álvarez, Eleuterio; Salazar, Verónica; Suárez, Andrés

2015-05-11

A series of Ru complexes containing lutidine-derived pincer CNC ligands have been prepared by transmetalation with the corresponding silver-carbene derivatives. Characterization of these derivatives shows both mer and fac coordination of the CNC ligands depending on the wingtips of the N-heterocyclic carbene fragments. In the presence of tBuOK, the Ru-CNC complexes are active in the hydrogenation of a series of imines. In addition, these complexes catalyze the reversible hydrogenation of phenantridine. Detailed NMR spectroscopic studies have shown the capability of the CNC ligand to be deprotonated and get involved in ligand-assisted activation of dihydrogen. More interestingly, upon deprotonation, the Ru-CNC complex 5 e(BF4 ) is able to add aldimines to the metal-ligand framework to yield an amido complex. Finally, investigation of the mechanism of the hydrogenation of imines has been carried out by means of DFT calculations. The calculated mechanism involves outer-sphere stepwise hydrogen transfer to the C-N bond assisted either by the pincer ligand or a second coordinated H2 molecule. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Aminooxylated Carbohydrates: Synthesis and Applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Pifferi, Carlo; Daskhan, Gour Chand; Fiore, Michele; Shiao, Tze Chieh; Roy, René; Renaudet, Olivier

2017-08-09

Among other classes of biomolecules, carbohydrates and glycoconjugates are widely involved in numerous biological functions. In addition to addressing the related synthetic challenges, glycochemists have invested intense efforts in providing access to structures that can be used to study, activate, or inhibit these biological processes. Over the past few decades, aminooxylated carbohydrates have been found to be key building blocks for achieving these goals. This review provides the first in-depth overview covering several aspects related to the syntheses and applications of aminooxylated carbohydrates. After a brief introduction to oxime bonds and their relative stabilities compared to related C═N functions, synthetic aspects of oxime ligation and methodologies for introducing the aminooxy functionality onto both glycofuranosyls and glycopyranosyls are described. The subsequent section focuses on biological applications involving aminooxylated carbohydrates as components for the construcion of diverse architectures. Mimetics of natural structures represent useful tools for better understanding the features that drive carbohydrate-receptor interaction, their biological output and they also represent interesting structures with improved stability and tunable properties. In the next section, multivalent structures such as glycoclusters and glycodendrimers obtained through oxime ligation are described in terms of synthetic design and their biological applications such as immunomodulators. The second-to-last section discusses miscellaneous applications of oxime-based glycoconjugates, such as enantioselective catalysis and glycosylated oligonucleotides, and conclusions and perspectives are provided in the last section.

Journal of Chemical Sciences | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

... of the enantiomers of phenylglycine with nanopores of ZSM-5 zeolite .... Colorimetric detection of Cu and Pb ions using calix[4]arene functionalized gold ..... cytotoxicity of novel N-benzylpiperidin-4-one oximes on human cervical cancer cells.

Synthesis of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxide derivatives on solid support using room temperature and microwave-assisted solvent-free procedures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomez-Caro, Lilia C.; Sanchez-Sanchez, Mario; Bocanegra-Garcia, Virgilio; Rivera, Gildardo; Monge, Antonio

2011-01-01

We describe the synthesis of 12 new ethyl and methyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives on solid supports with room temperature and microwave-assisted solvent-free procedures. Results show that solid supports have good catalytic activity in the formation of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. We found that florisil and montmorillonite KSF and K10 could be used as new, easily available, inexpensive alternatives of catalysts. Additionally, room temperature and microwave-irradiation solvent-free synthesis was more efficient than a conventional procedure (Beirut reaction), reducing reaction time and increasing yield. (author)

Synthesis of quinoxaline 1,4-di-n-oxide derivatives on solid support using room temperature and microwave-assisted solvent-free procedures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gomez-Caro, Lilia C.; Sanchez-Sanchez, Mario; Bocanegra-Garcia, Virgilio; Rivera, Gildardo [Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas, Reynosa (Mexico). Dept. de Farmacia y Quimica Medicinal; Monge, Antonio [Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona (Spain). Centro de Investigacion en Farmacobiologia Aplicada. Unidad de Investigacion y Desarrollo de Medicamentos

2011-07-01

We describe the synthesis of 12 new ethyl and methyl quinoxaline-7-carboxylate 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives on solid supports with room temperature and microwave-assisted solvent-free procedures. Results show that solid supports have good catalytic activity in the formation of quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives. We found that florisil and montmorillonite KSF and K10 could be used as new, easily available, inexpensive alternatives of catalysts. Additionally, room temperature and microwave-irradiation solvent-free synthesis was more efficient than a conventional procedure (Beirut reaction), reducing reaction time and increasing yield. (author)

Synthesis of trifluoromethyl-substituted pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines – sequential versus multicomponent reaction approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barbara Palka

2014-07-01

Full Text Available A straightforward synthesis of 6-substituted 1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridines and the corresponding 5-oxides is presented. Hence, microwave-assisted treatment of 5-chloro-1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethylpyrazole-4-carbaldehyde with various terminal alkynes in the presence of tert-butylamine under Sonogashira-type cross-coupling conditions affords the former title compounds in a one-pot multicomponent procedure. Oximes derived from (intermediate 5-alkynyl-1-phenyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes were transformed into the corresponding 1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine 5-oxides by silver triflate-catalyzed cyclization. Detailed NMR spectroscopic investigations (1H, 13C, 15N and 19F were undertaken with all obtained products.

A case of Z/E-isomers elution order inversion caused by cosolvent percentage change in supercritical fluid chromatography.

Science.gov (United States)

Pokrovskiy, Oleg I; Ustinovich, Konstantin B; Usovich, Oleg I; Parenago, Olga O; Lunin, Valeriy V; Ovchinnikov, Denis V; Kosyakov, Dmitry S

2017-01-06

A case of elution order inversion caused by cosolvent percentage change in supercritical fluid chromatography was observed and investigated in some detail. Z- and E-isomers of phenylisobutylketone oxime experience an elution order reversal on most columns if the mobile phase consists of CO 2 and alcohol. At lower percentages of alcohol Z-oxime is retained less, somewhere at 2-5% coelution occurs and at larger cosolvent volume elution order reverses - Z-oxime is eluted later than E-oxime. We suppose inversion with CO 2 -ROH phases happens due to a shift in balance between two main interactions governing retention. At low ROH percentages stationary phase surface is only slightly covered by ROH molecules so oximes primarily interact with adsorption sites via hydrogen bond formation. Due to intramolecular sterical hindrance Z-oxime is less able to form hydrogen bonds and consequently is eluted first. At higher percentages alcohols occupy most of strong hydrogen bonding sites on silica surface thus leaving non-specific electrostatic interactions predominantly responsible for Z/E selectivity. Z-oxime has a much larger dipole moment than E-oxime and at these conditions it is eluted later. Additional experimental data with CO 2 -CH 3 CN, hexane-iPrOH and CHF 3 -ROH mobile phases supporting this explanation are presented. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pro-2-PAM therapy for central and peripheral cholinesterases.

Science.gov (United States)

Demar, James C; Clarkson, Edward D; Ratcliffe, Ruthie H; Campbell, Amy J; Thangavelu, Sonia G; Herdman, Christine A; Leader, Haim; Schulz, Susan M; Marek, Elizabeth; Medynets, Marie A; Ku, Therese C; Evans, Sarah A; Khan, Farhat A; Owens, Roberta R; Nambiar, Madhusoodana P; Gordon, Richard K

2010-09-06

Novel therapeutics to overcome the toxic effects of organophosphorus (OP) chemical agents are needed due to the documented use of OPs in warfare (e.g. 1980-1988 Iran/Iraq war) and terrorism (e.g. 1995 Tokyo subway attacks). Standard OP exposure therapy in the United States consists of atropine sulfate (to block muscarinic receptors), the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactivator (oxime) pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM), and a benzodiazepine anticonvulsant to ameliorate seizures. A major disadvantage is that quaternary nitrogen charged oximes, including 2-PAM, do not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) to treat brain AChE. Therefore, we have synthesized and evaluated pro-2-PAM (a lipid permeable 2-PAM derivative) that can enter the brain and reactivate CNS AChE, preventing seizures in guinea pigs after exposure to OPs. The protective effects of the pro-2-PAM after OP exposure were shown using (a) surgically implanted radiotelemetry probes for electroencephalogram (EEG), (b) neurohistopathology of brain, (c) cholinesterase activities in the PNS and CNS, and (d) survivability. The PNS oxime 2-PAM was ineffective at reducing seizures/status epilepticus (SE) in diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)-exposed animals. In contrast, pro-2-PAM significantly suppressed and then eliminated seizure activity. In OP-exposed guinea pigs, there was a significant reduction in neurological damage with pro-2-PAM but not 2-PAM. Distinct regional areas of the brains showed significantly higher AChE activity 1.5h after OP exposure in pro-2-PAM treated animals compared to the 2-PAM treated ones. However, blood and diaphragm showed similar AChE activities in animals treated with either oxime, as both 2-PAM and pro-2-PAM are PNS active oximes. In conclusion, pro-2-PAM can cross the BBB, is rapidly metabolized inside the brain to 2-PAM, and protects against OP-induced SE through restoration of brain AChE activity. Pro-2-PAM represents the first non-invasive means of administering a CNS therapeutic for

Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of N-Phenylbenzamide Derivatives, a Novel Class of Enterovirus 71 Inhibitors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhuo-Rong Li

2013-03-01

Full Text Available A series of novel N-phenylbenzamide derivatives were synthesized and their anti-EV 71 activities were assayed in vitro. Among the compounds tested, 3-amino-N-(4-bromophenyl-4-methoxybenzamide (1e was active against the EV 71 strains tested at low micromolar concentrations, with IC50 values ranging from 5.7 ± 0.8–12 ± 1.2 μM, and its cytotoxicity to Vero cells (TC50 = 620 ± 0.0 μM was far lower than that of pirodavir (TC50 = 31 ± 2.2 μM. Based on these results, compound 1e is a promising lead compound for the development of anti-EV 71 drugs.

Purification and characterization of an amidohydrolase for N4-long-chain fatty acyl derivatives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine from mouse liver microsomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Hori, K; Tsuruo, T; Tsukagoshi, S; Sakurai, Y

1984-03-01

N4-Long-chain fatty acyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine amidohydrolase, a metabolizing enzyme for N4-acyl derivatives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine with long-chain fatty acids, was purified from mouse liver microsomes. The purification was accomplished by solubilization of liver microsomes with Triton X-100, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography, gel filtrations, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and concanavalin A:Sepharose chromatography. On sodium dodecyl sulfate:polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme preparation produced a single protein band with a molecular weight of 54,000. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 9.0, and the Michaelis constant for N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was 67 microM. The thiols such as dithiothreitol or 2-mercaptoethanol stabilized the enzyme and stimulated its activity. p-Chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, diisopropylfluorophosphate, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride strongly inhibited the reaction. Bovine serum albumin markedly stimulated the enzyme activity, whereas detergents such as Triton X-100, deoxycholate, and sodium dodecyl sulfate had little effect. The enzyme did not require monovalent or divalent cations. Among the series of N4-acyl derivatives of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine with different chain lengths of acyl residues, the purified enzyme preferentially hydrolyzed the derivatives with long-chain fatty acids (C12 to C18), and N4-palmitoyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine was the most susceptible. The purified enzyme was inactive on various N-acylamino acids, amides, oligopeptides, proteins, N-acylsphingosines (ceramides), triglyceride, lecithin, and lysolecithin. These results suggest that N4-long-chain fatty acyl-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine amidohydrolase may be a new type of linear amidase.

Regiospecific synthesis of new fatty N-acyl trihalomethylated pyrazoline derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beck, Paulo; Santos, Juliane M. dos; D' Oca, Marcelo G. M.; Piovesan, Luciana A., E-mail: lpiovesan@gmail.com [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (UFRS), RS (Brazil). Escola de Quimica e Alimentos; Kuhn, Bruna L.; Moreira, Dayse N.; Flores, Alex F.C.; Martins, Marcos A.P. [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS (Brazil). Dept. de Quimica

2012-11-15

A series of new fatty N-acyl trihalomethylated pyrazoline derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters was synthesized by the cyclo condensation of respective fatty hydrazides with 4-alkoxy- 1,1,1-trial omethyl-3-alquen-2-ones. Efficient and regiospecific cyclizations catalyzed by BF{sub 3}-MeOH gave the desired products in good to excellent yields and at high purity. (author)

Preparation and Spectral Properties of Mixed-Ligand Complexes of VO(IV, Ni(II, Zn(II, Pd(II, Cd(II and Pb(II with Dimethylglyoxime and N-acetylglycine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shayma A. Shaker

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A number of mixed-ligand complexes of the general formula [M(D(G] where D=dimethylglyoximato monoanion, G=N-acetylglycinato and M=VO(IV, Ni(II, Zn(II, Pd(II, Cd(II and Pb(II were prepared. Each complex was characterized by elemental analysis, determination of metal, infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (1H and 13C NMR spectra, conductivity and magnetic moments. All these complexes were not soluble in some of the organic solvent but highly soluble in dimethylformamide. The conductivity data showed the non-electrolytic nature of the complexes. The electronic spectra exhibited absorption bands in the visible region caused by the d-d electronic transition such as VO(IV, Ni(II and Pd(II. The IR and (1H, 13C NMR spectra which have indicate that the dimethylglyoxime was coordinated with the metal ions through the N and O atoms of the oxime group and N-acetylglycine was coordinated with metal ions through the N atom and terminal carboxyl oxygen atom.

On the Reaction of Carbonyl Diphosphonic Acid with Hydroxylamine and O-alkylhydroxylamines: Unexpected Degradation of P-C-P Bridge.

Science.gov (United States)

Khomich, Olga A; Yanvarev, Dmitry V; Novikov, Roman A; Kornev, Alexey B; Puljulla, Elina; Vepsäläinen, Jouko; Khomutov, Alex R; Kochetkov, Sergey N

2017-06-23

Derivatives of methylenediphosphonic acid possess wide spectra of biological activities and are used in enzymology as research tools as well as in practical medicine. Carbonyl diphosphonic acid is a promising starting building block for synthesis of functionally substituted methylenediphosphonates. Investigation of the interaction of carbonyl diphosphonic acid with hydroxylamine clearly demonstrates that it is impossible to isolate oxime within the pH range 2-12, while only cyanophosphonic and phosphoric acids are the products of the fast proceeding Beckmann-like fragmentation. In the case of O -alkylhydroxylamines, corresponding alcohols are found in the reaction mixtures in addition to cyanophosphonic and phosphoric acids. Therefore, two residues of phosphonic acid being attached to a carbonyl group provide new properties to this carbonyl group, making its oximes very unstable. This principally differs carbonyl diphosphonic acid from structurally related phosphonoglyoxalic acid and other α-ketophosphonates.

Synthesis of N-substituted acetamide derivatives of azinane-bearing ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The search for new drug candidates with more bioactivity potential is a key research interest in synthetic organic chemistry [1]. The derivatives of heterocyclic compounds have been found to be bioactive, including naturally occurring and synthetically prepared ones [2]. Among these compounds, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives ...

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography of the brain in early Parkinson's disease: correlation with dementia and lateralization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang Shuujiun; Lin Kerneng; Shan Dinge; Liao Kwankum; Fuh Jongling; Lee Liangshong (National Yang-Ming Medical Coll., Taipei (Taiwan)); Liu Renshyan (Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine); Liu Hsiuchih (Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (Taiwan). Neurological Inst.)

1993-04-01

Regional cerebral blood flow was assessed in 19 patients with early idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) and 12 control subjects of similar age by single-photon emission tomography using technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (HMPAO). Of the patients with PD, seven were mildly demented and 15 presented with hemiparkinsonism. Mean HMPAO cortical or basal ganglia/cerebellum activity ratios were calculated. Mean cortical and regional uptake ratios in non-demented PD patients were not significantly different from values in the controls. In contrast, besides generalized cortical hypoperfusion, demented PD patients had significantly lower HMPAO uptake in the frontal and basal ganglia regions than non-demented patients. These observations support the hypothesis of impaired neuronal activity in both cortical and subcortical regions of the brain in demented PD patients. In hemiparkinsonian patients, the only asymmetrical finding was a relative hypoperfusion in the contralateral parietal region. This may be due to deafferentation of the thalamoparietal pathways. The lack of asymmetrical uptake in basal ganglia in our PD patients may be explained by their staging at the time of the investigation (stage I and II, Hoehn and Yahr scale). (orig.).

Nitric oxide metabolites in goldfish under normoxic and hypoxic conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Marie N.; Jensen, Frank Bo

2010-01-01

– and it is metabolized to nitrite and nitrate. Nitrite is used as a marker for NOS activity but it is also a NO donor that can be activated by various cellular proteins under hypoxic conditions. Here, we report the first systematic study of NO metabolites (nitrite, nitrate, S-nitroso, N-nitroso and Fe-nitrosyl compounds...... to and below the critical PO2] for two days caused large decreases in plasma nitrite and nitrate, which suggests reduced NOS activity and increased nitrite/nitrate utilization or loss. Tissue NO metabolites were largely maintained at their tissue-specific values under hypoxia, pointing at nitrite transfer from...... extracellular to intracellular compartments and cellular NO generation from nitrite. The data highlights the preference of goldfish to defend intracellular NO homeostasis during hypoxia....

Novel quinazoline ring synthesis by cycloaddition of N-arylketenimines with N,N-disubstituted cyanamides.

Science.gov (United States)

Shimizu, Masao; Oishi, Akihiro; Taguchi, Yoichi; Gama, Yasuo; Shibuya, Isao

2002-03-01

The reaction of N-aryl-substituted ketenimines with N,N-disubstituted cyanamides or (MeS)2C=N-CN under high pressure afforded 4-(N,N-disubstituted amino) or 4-(MeS)2C=N-substituted quinazoline derivatives, respectively. These products were formed by [4+2] cycloaddition between the aza-diene moieties of the N-arylsubstituted ketenimines and cyano groups. A 4-(unsubstituted amino)quinazoline derivative was synthesized by hydrolysis of the latter product.

Nitric oxide selectively decreases interferon-gamma expression by activated human T lymphocytes via a cGMP-independent mechanism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Roozendaal, R; Vellenga, E; Postma, DS; De Monchy, JGR; Kauffman, HF

1999-01-01

The role of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) on the expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by freshly isolated human T lymphocytes was investigated. The presence of NO, generated from any of the NO-donor compounds, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (NAP),

Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of New N-acylhydrazone Derivatives from Dehydroabietic Acid

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Wen Gu

2012-04-01

Full Text Available A series of new N-acylhydrazone derivatives were synthesized in good yields through the reactions of dehydroabietic acid hydrazide with a variety of substituted arylaldehydes. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. From the crystal structure of compound 4l, the C=N double bonds of these N-acylhydrazones showed (E-configuration, while the NMR data of compounds 4a–q indicated the existence of two rotamers for each compound in solution. The target compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against four microbial strains. The result suggested that several compounds exhibited pronounced antibacterial activities. Particularly, compound 4p exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis comparable to positive control. The possible antibacterial metabolism and the strategy for further optimization of this compound were also discussed.

A thermodynamic model for C-(N-)A-S-H gel: CNASHss. Derivation and validation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Myers, Rupert J.; Bernal, Susan A.; Provis, John L.

2014-01-01

The main reaction product in Ca-rich alkali-activated cements and hybrid Portland cement (PC)-based materials is a calcium (alkali) aluminosilicate hydrate (C-(N-)A-S-H) gel. Thermodynamic models without explicit definitions of structurally-incorporated Al species have been used in numerous past studies to describe this gel, but offer limited ability to simulate the chemistry of blended PC materials and alkali-activated cements. Here, a thermodynamic model for C-(N-)A-S-H gel is derived and parameterised to describe solubility data for the CaO–(Na 2 O,Al 2 O 3 )–SiO 2 –H 2 O systems and alkali-activated slag (AAS) cements, and chemical composition data for C-A-S-H gels. Simulated C-(N-)A-S-H gel densities and molar volumes are consistent with the corresponding values reported for AAS cements, meaning that the model can be used to describe chemical shrinkage in these materials. Therefore, this model can provide insight into the chemistry of AAS cements at advanced ages, which is important for understanding the long-term durability of these materials

N-Cadherin Upregulation Promotes the Neurogenic Differentiation of Menstrual Blood-Derived Endometrial Stem Cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Yanli; Yang, Fen; Liang, Shengying; Liu, Qing; Fu, Sulei; Wang, Zhenyu; Yang, Ciqing; Lin, Juntang

2018-01-01

Peripheral nerve injuries are typically caused by either trauma or medical disorders, and recently, stem cell-based therapies have provided a promising treatment approach. Menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) are considered an ideal therapeutic option for peripheral nerve repair due to a noninvasive collection procedure and their high proliferation rate and immunological tolerance. Here, we successfully isolated MenSCs and examined their biological characteristics including their morphology, multipotency, and immunophenotype. Subsequent in vitro studies demonstrated that MenSCs express high levels of neurotrophic factors, such as NT3, NT4, BDNF, and NGF, and are capable of transdifferentiating into glial-like cells under conventional induction conditions. Moreover, upregulation of N-cadherin (N-cad) mRNA and protein expression was observed after neurogenic differentiation. In vivo studies clearly showed that N-cad knockdown via in utero electroporation perturbed the migration and maturation of mouse neural precursor cells (NPCs). Finally, a further transfection assay also confirmed that N-cad upregulation in MenSCs results in the expression of S100. Collectively, our results confirmed the paracrine effect of MenSCs on neuroprotection as well as their potential for transdifferentiation into glial-like cells and demonstrated that N-cad upregulation promotes the neurogenic differentiation of MenSCs, thereby providing support for transgenic MenSC-based therapy for peripheral nerve injury.

Characterization of the Materials Synthesized by High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of a Polymer Derived t-BC2N Ceramic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gabriela Mera

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Bulk B-C-N materials were synthesized under static high thermobaric conditions (20 GPa and 2,000 °C in a multianvil apparatus from a polymer derived t-BC1.97N ceramic. The bulk samples were characterised using X-ray synchrotron radiation and analytical transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Polycrystalline B-C-N materials with a cubic type structure were formed under the applied reaction conditions, but the formation of a ternary cubic diamond-like c-BC2N compound, could not be unambiguously confirmed.

Characterization of the Materials Synthesized by High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of a Polymer Derived t-BC2N Ceramic

Science.gov (United States)

Matizamhuka, Wallace R.; Sigalas, Iakovos; Herrmann, Mathias; Dubronvinsky, Leonid; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia; Miyajima, Nobuyoshi; Mera, Gabriela; Riedel, Ralf

2011-01-01

Bulk B-C-N materials were synthesized under static high thermobaric conditions (20 GPa and 2,000 °C) in a multianvil apparatus from a polymer derived t-BC1.97N ceramic. The bulk samples were characterised using X-ray synchrotron radiation and analytical transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Polycrystalline B-C-N materials with a cubic type structure were formed under the applied reaction conditions, but the formation of a ternary cubic diamond-like c-BC2N compound, could not be unambiguously confirmed. PMID:28824124

N-enriched multilayered porous carbon derived from natural casings for high-performance supercapacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Zongying; Li, Yu; Li, Dandan; Wang, Dawei; Zhao, Jing; Wang, Zhifeng; Banis, Mohammad N.; Hu, Yongfeng; Zhang, Huaihao

2018-06-01

In this study, N-enriched multilayered porous activated carbon (LPAC), using natural casings as precursor, was fabricated by a facile carbonization and subsequent KOH activation procedure. The influence of the mass ratio of KOH to carbonized material on pore-structure and surface element composition of LPACs was investigated by a variety of means, such as SEM, HRTEM, BET, Raman, XRD, XPS and XAS. Owing to the unique multilayered texture and nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) rich feature of natural casings, the resulting LPACs possess interconnected and developed porous structure with N- and O-enriched functional groups, contributing to larger pseudocapacitance. With the rise of mass ratio, the specific surface area (SSA) and average pore size of LPACs increased. The final materials were endowed with a desirable SSA (3100 m2 g-1) and high N content (6.34 at.%). Meanwhile, N- and O-enriched LPAC-4 exhibited a high specific capacitance (307.5 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1 in 6 M KOH aqueous solution), excellent rate performance (63.4% capacitance retention at 20 A g-1) and good cycling stability (7.1% capacitance loss after 5000 cycles). Furthermore, the assembled symmetrical supercapacitor (LPAC-4//LPAC-4) with a wide voltage window of 1.4 V delivered a remarkable energy density of 11.6 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 297 W kg-1. These results suggested that unique LPACs derived from natural casings are a promising material for supercapacitors.

Determination of the parameters of binding between lipopolysaccharide and chitosan and its N-acetylated derivative using a gravimetric piezoquartz biosensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Naberezhnykh, G A; Gorbach, V I; Kalmykova, E N; Solov'eva, T F

2015-03-01

The interaction of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide - LPS) with low molecular weight chitosan (5.5 kDa), its N-acylated derivative and chitoliposomes was studied using a gravimetric piezoelectric quartz crystal microbalance biosensor. The optimal conditions for the formation of a biolayer based on immobilized LPS on the resonator surface and its regeneration were elaborated. The association and dissociation rate constants for LPS binding to chitosans were determined and the affinity constants (Kaf) were calculated based on the data on changes in the oscillation frequency of the quartz crystal resonator. The Kaf values correlated with the ones obtained using other methods. The affinity of N-acylated chitosan binding to LPS was higher than that of the parent chitosan binding to LPS. Based on the results obtained, we suggest that water-soluble N-acylated derivatives of chitosan with low degree of substitution of amino groups could be useful compounds for endotoxin binding and neutralization. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cognitive disorder and changes in cholinergic receptors, N-methyl-D aspartate receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor following brain injury

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Weiliang Zhao; Dezhi Kang; Yuanxiang Lin

2008-01-01

BACKGROUND: Learning and memory damage is one of the most permanent and the severest symptoms of traumatic brain injury; it can seriously influence the normal life and work of patients. Some research has demonstrated that cognitive disorder is closely related to nicotine cholinergic receptors, N-methyl-D aspartate receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the cognitive disorder and changes in nicotine cholinergic receptors, N-methyl-D aspartate receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor following brain injury. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: A computer-based online search was conducted in PUBMED for English language publications containing the key words "brain injured, cognitive handicap, acetylcholine, N-methyl-D aspartate receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule, brain-derived neurotrophic factor" from January 2000 to December 2007. There were 44 papers in total. Inclusion criteria: ① articles about changes in nicotine cholinergic receptors, N-methyl-D aspartate receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor following brain injury; ② articles in the same researching circle published in authoritative journals or recently published. Exclusion criteria: duplicated articles.LITERATURE EVALUATION: References were mainly derived from research on changes in these four factors following brain injury. The 20 included papers were clinical or basic experimental studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: After craniocerebral injury, changes in these four factors in brain were similar to those during recovery from cognitive disorder, to a certain degree. Some data have indicated that activation of nicotine cholinergic receptors, N-methyl-D aspartate receptors, neural cell adhesion molecule, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor could greatly improve cognitive disorder following brain injury. However, there are still a lot of questions remaining; for example, how do these

The Adler D-function for N = 1 SQCD regularized by higher covariant derivatives in the three-loop approximation

Science.gov (United States)

Kataev, A. L.; Kazantsev, A. E.; Stepanyantz, K. V.

2018-01-01

We calculate the Adler D-function for N = 1 SQCD in the three-loop approximation using the higher covariant derivative regularization and the NSVZ-like subtraction scheme. The recently formulated all-order relation between the Adler function and the anomalous dimension of the matter superfields defined in terms of the bare coupling constant is first considered and generalized to the case of an arbitrary representation for the chiral matter superfields. The correctness of this all-order relation is explicitly verified at the three-loop level. The special renormalization scheme in which this all-order relation remains valid for the D-function and the anomalous dimension defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant is constructed in the case of using the higher derivative regularization. The analytic expression for the Adler function for N = 1 SQCD is found in this scheme to the order O (αs2). The problem of scheme-dependence of the D-function and the NSVZ-like equation is briefly discussed.

The Adler D-function for N=1 SQCD regularized by higher covariant derivatives in the three-loop approximation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A.L. Kataev

2018-01-01

Full Text Available We calculate the Adler D-function for N=1 SQCD in the three-loop approximation using the higher covariant derivative regularization and the NSVZ-like subtraction scheme. The recently formulated all-order relation between the Adler function and the anomalous dimension of the matter superfields defined in terms of the bare coupling constant is first considered and generalized to the case of an arbitrary representation for the chiral matter superfields. The correctness of this all-order relation is explicitly verified at the three-loop level. The special renormalization scheme in which this all-order relation remains valid for the D-function and the anomalous dimension defined in terms of the renormalized coupling constant is constructed in the case of using the higher derivative regularization. The analytic expression for the Adler function for N=1 SQCD is found in this scheme to the order O(αs2. The problem of scheme-dependence of the D-function and the NSVZ-like equation is briefly discussed.

Nitroso-sulfide coupled signaling triggers specific vasoactive effects in the intrarenal arteries of patients with arterial hypertension.

Science.gov (United States)

Cacanyiova, S; Berenyiova, A; Balis, P; Kristek, F; Grman, M; Ondrias, K; Breza, J; Breza, J

2017-08-01

for the first time that specific vasoactive effects of coupled nitroso-sulfide signaling were also triggered in human arterial tissue. We suggest that in hypertension, H 2 S in interaction with GSNO regulated a vasoconstrictor-induced increase in arterial tone towards a stronger vasorelaxation compared to GSNO alone or H 2 S alone.

Synthesis and electroluminescent properties of blue fluorescent materials based on 9,9-diethyl-N,N-diphenyl-9 H-fluoren-2-amine substituted anthracene derivatives for organic light-emitting diodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Seul Bee; Kim, Chanwoo; Park, Soo Na; Kim, Young Seok [Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Ho Won [Department of Information Display, Hongik University, Seoul, 121-791 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Young Kwan, E-mail: kimyk@hongik.ac.kr [Department of Information Display, Hongik University, Seoul, 121-791 (Korea, Republic of); Yoon, Seung Soo, E-mail: ssyoon@skku.edu [Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-11-30

Four 9,9-diethyl-N,N-diphenyl-9 H-fluoren-2-amine substituted anthracene derivatives have been designed and synthesized by Suzuki cross coupling reactions. To explore the electroluminescent properties of these blue materials, multilayer blue organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated in the following device structure: indium tin oxide (180 nm)/N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-(1-napthyl)-(1,1′-phenyl)-4,4′-diamine (50 nm)/blue emitting materials (1–4) (30 nm)/bathophenanthroline (30 nm)/lithium quinolate (2 nm)/Al (100 nm). All devices appeared excellent deep-blue emissions. Among them, a device exhibited a maximum luminance of 5686 cd/m{sup 2}, the luminous, power and external quantum efficiencies of 5.11 cd/A, 3.79 lm/W, and 4.06% with the Commission International de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.15, 0.15) at 500 cd/m{sup 2}, respectively. - Highlights: • We synthesized blue fluorescent materials based on anthracene derivatives. • The EL efficiencies of these materials depend on the quantum yields in solid states. • These materials have great potential for applications as blue emitter in OLEDs.

Characterization of the Materials Synthesized by High Pressure-High Temperature Treatment of a Polymer Derived t-BC2N Ceramic

OpenAIRE

Matizamhuka, Wallace R.; Sigalas, Iakovos; Herrmann, Mathias; Dubronvinsky, Leonid; Dubrovinskaia, Natalia; Miyajima, Nobuyoshi; Mera, Gabriela; Riedel, Ralf

2011-01-01

Bulk B-C-N materials were synthesized under static high thermobaric conditions (20 GPa and 2,000 °C) in a multianvil apparatus from a polymer derived t-BC1.97N ceramic. The bulk samples were characterised using X-ray synchrotron radiation and analytical transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Polycrystalline B-C-N materials with a cubic type structure were formed under the applied reaction conditions, but the formation of a ternary cubic diamond...

Antiplasmodial activity of 3-trifluoromethyl-2-carbonylquinoxaline di-N-oxide derivatives Atividade antimalárica de derivados di-N-óxido de 3-trifluorometil-2-carbonilquinoxalina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Belén Zarranz

2006-09-01

Full Text Available The in vitro antiplasmodial activity of some 3-trifluoromethyl-2-carbonylquinoxaline di-N-oxide derivatives is reported. The evaluation was performed on cultures of FcB1 strain (chloroquine-resistant of P. falciparum and the most interesting compounds were then evaluated on MCF7 tumor cells in order to evaluate an index of selectivity. The 7-methyl (2b, 4b, 5b, 6b and nonsubstituted (3c, 4c, 5c quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives presented the best level of activity.Neste artigo descreve-se a atividade anti-Plasmodium falciparum de derivados 3-trifluorometil-2-carbonilquinoxalinas di-N-óxidos (2a-6g. A avaliação das propriedades farmacológicas dos derivados 2a-6g foi realizada em modelo in vitro de inibição de cepas P. falciparum FcB1 (cloroquina resistente em cultura celular, e sobre culturas de células tumorais MCF7, com a finalidade de estabelecer o índice de seletividade para os compostos mais promissores. Os derivados 7-metil (2b, 4b, 5b, 6b e não-substituído (3c, 4c, 5c apresentaram o melhor perfil de atividade.

Structural, electronic, topological and vibrational properties of a series of N-benzylamides derived from Maca (Lepidium meyenii) combining spectroscopic studies with ONION calculations

Science.gov (United States)

Chain, Fernando E.; Ladetto, María Florencia; Grau, Alfredo; Catalán, César A. N.; Brandán, Silvia Antonia

2016-02-01

In the present work, the structural, topological and vibrational properties of four members of the N-benzylamides series derived from Maca (Lepidium meyenii) whose names are, N-benzylpentadecanamide, N-benzylhexadecanamide, N-benzylheptadecanamide and N-benzyloctadecanamide, were studied combining the FTIR, FT-Raman and 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopies with density functional theory (DFT) and ONION calculations. Furthermore, the N-benzylacetamide, N-benzylpropilamide and N-benzyl hexanamide derivatives were also studied in order to compare their properties with those computed for the four macamides. These seven N-benzylamides series have a common structure, C8H8NO-R, being R the side chain [-(CH2)n-CH3] with a variable n number of CH2 groups. Here, the atomic charges, molecular electrostatic potentials, stabilization energies, topological properties of those macamides were analyzed as a function of the number of C atoms of the side chain while the frontier orbitals were used to compute the gap energies and some descriptors in order to predict their reactivities and behaviors in function of the longitude of the side chain. Here, the force fields, the complete vibrational assignments and the corresponding force constants were only reported for N-benzylacetamide, N-benzyl hexanamide and N-benzylpentadecanamide due to the high number of vibration normal modes that present the remains macamides.

Cortical perfusion response to an electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in profoundly deaf patients: Study with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Scao, Y.; Robier, A.; Beuter, P. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 - Tours (France). Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology); Baulieu, J.L.; Pourcelot, L. (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 37 - Tours (France). Dept. of Nuclear Medicine)

1992-04-01

Brain activation procedures associated with single photon emission tomography (SPET) have recently been developed in healthy controls and diseased patients in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the effects of a promontory test (PT) on the cerebral distribution of technetium-99m hexamethyl-propylene amine oxime ({sup 99m}Tc-HMPAO) in 7 profoundly deaf patients, 6 PT+ and PT-. The count variation in the temporal lobe was calculated on 6 coronal slices using the ratio (R{sub stimulation}-R{sub deprivation})/R{sub deprivation} where R=counts in the temporal lobe was observed in all patients and was higher in all patients with PT+ than in the patient with PT-. The problems of head positioning and resolution of the system were taken into account, and we considered that the maximal count increment was related to the auditory cortex response to the stimulus. Further clinical investigations with high-resolution systems have to be performed in order to validate this presurgery test in cochlear implant assessment. (orig.).

Cortical perfusion response to an electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve in profoundly deaf patients: study with technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime single photon emission tomography.

Science.gov (United States)

Le Scao, Y; Robier, A; Baulieu, J L; Beutter, P; Pourcelot, L

1992-01-01

Brain activation procedures associated with single photon emission tomography (SPET) have recently been developed in healthy controls and diseased patients in order to help in their diagnosis and treatment. We investigated the effects of a promontory test (PT) on the cerebral distribution of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime (99mTc-HMPAO) in 7 profoundly deaf patients, 6 PT+ and one PT-. The count variation in the temporal lobe was calculated on 6 coronal slices using the ratio (Rstimulation-Rdeprivation)/Rdeprivation where R = counts in the temporal lobe/whole-brain count. A count increase in the temporal lobe was observed in all patients and was higher in all patients with PT+ than in the patient with PT-. The problems of head positioning and resolution of the system were taken into account, and we considered that the maximal count increment was related to the auditory cortex response to the stimulus. Further clinical investigations with high-resolution systems have to be performed in order to validate this presurgery test in cochlear implant assessment.

A multi-target caffeine derived rhodium(i) N-heterocyclic carbene complex: evaluation of the mechanism of action.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jing-Jing; Muenzner, Julienne K; Abu El Maaty, Mohamed A; Karge, Bianka; Schobert, Rainer; Wölfl, Stefan; Ott, Ingo

2016-08-16

A rhodium(i) and a ruthenium(ii) complex with a caffeine derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand were biologically investigated as organometallic conjugates consisting of a metal center and a naturally occurring moiety. While the ruthenium(ii) complex was largely inactive, the rhodium(i) NHC complex displayed selective cytotoxicity and significant anti-metastatic and in vivo anti-vascular activities and acted as both a mammalian and an E. coli thioredoxin reductase inhibitor. In HCT-116 cells it increased the reactive oxygen species level, leading to DNA damage, and it induced cell cycle arrest, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and triggered apoptosis. This rhodium(i) NHC derivative thus represents a multi-target compound with promising anti-cancer potential.

Interactive effects of straw-derived biochar and N fertilization on soil C storage and rice productivity in rice paddies of Northeast China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sui, Yanghui; Gao, Jiping; Liu, Caihong; Zhang, Wenzhong; Lan, Yu; Li, Shuhang; Meng, Jun; Xu, Zhengjin; Tang, Liang

2016-01-01

Impacts of biochar on greenhouse gas emissions and C sequestration in agricultural soils have been considered as the key to mitigate climate change. There is limited knowledge regarding the effects of rice straw-derived biochar and interaction with N fertilization on soil C sequestration and rice productivity in fertile paddy fields. A 2-year (2013 and 2014) consecutive field trial was performed using straw treatment (5.05 t ha −1 ) and biochar amendment (0, 1.78, 14.8 and 29.6 t ha −1 ) with or without urea application in a rice paddy in Northeast China. A super high yielding rice variety (Oryza sativa L. subsp. Japonica cv. ‘Shennong 265’) was cultivated with permanent flooding. Results showed that biochar amendments significantly decreased CH 4 emissions relative to straw treatment irrespective of N fertilization, especially in N-fertilized soils with 1.78 t ha −1 biochar. There were no differences in CO 2 emissions with respect to biochar amendments, except for 14.8 t ha −1 biochar with N fertilization. Straw treatment had the highest global warming potential over a 100-year time frame, which was nearly 1.5 times that of 14.8 t ha −1 biochar amendment without N fertilization. Biochar addition increased total soil C by up to 5.75 mg g −1 and 11.69 mg g −1 (with 14.8 and 29.6 t ha −1 biochar, respectively), whereas straw incorporation increased this value by only 3.92 mg g −1 . The aboveground biomass of rice in biochar-amended soils increased to varying degrees compared with that in straw-treated soils. However, biochar application had no effects on rice yield, regardless of N fertilization. This study indicated that transforming straw to biochar was more stabilized and more suitable to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and increase C storage in agriculture soils in Northeast China. - Highlights: • Rice straw-derived biochar significantly reduced CH 4 emission. • Rice straw-derived biochar interacted with the effects of N fertilizers on

N-Acylated and d Enantiomer Derivatives of a Nonamer Core Peptide of Lactoferricin B Showing Improved Antimicrobial Activity

OpenAIRE

Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki; Matsumoto, Hiroshi; Hashimoto, Koichi; Teraguchi, Susumu; Takase, Mitsunori; Hayasawa, Hirotoshi

1999-01-01

N-acylated or d enantiomer peptide derivatives based on the sequence RRWQWRMKK in lactoferricin B demonstrated antimicrobial activities greater than those of lactoferricin B against bacteria and fungi. The most potent peptide, conjugated with an 11-carbon-chain acyl group, showed two to eight times lower MIC than lactoferricin B.

N-Acylated and D enantiomer derivatives of a nonamer core peptide of lactoferricin B showing improved antimicrobial activity.

Science.gov (United States)

Wakabayashi, H; Matsumoto, H; Hashimoto, K; Teraguchi, S; Takase, M; Hayasawa, H

1999-05-01

N-acylated or D enantiomer peptide derivatives based on the sequence RRWQWRMKK in lactoferricin B demonstrated antimicrobial activities greater than those of lactoferricin B against bacteria and fungi. The most potent peptide, conjugated with an 11-carbon-chain acyl group, showed two to eight times lower MIC than lactoferricin B.

Artifactual degradation of secondary amine-containing drugs during accelerated stability testing when saturated sodium nitrite solutions are used for humidity control.

Science.gov (United States)

Sluggett, Gregory W; Zelesky, Todd; Hetrick, Evan M; Babayan, Yelizaveta; Baertschi, Steven W

2018-02-05

Accelerated stability studies of pharmaceutical products are commonly conducted at various combinations of temperature and relative humidity (RH). The RH of the sample environment can be controlled to set points using humidity-controlled stability chambers or via storage of the sample in a closed container in the presence of a saturated aqueous salt solution. Herein we report an unexpected N-nitrosation reaction that occurs upon storage of carvedilol- or propranolol-excipient blends in a stability chamber in the presence of saturated sodium nitrite (NaNO 2 ) solution to control relative humidity (∼60% RH). In both cases, the major products were identified as the corresponding N-nitroso derivatives of the secondary amine drugs based on mass spectrometry, UV-vis and retention time. These degradation products were not observed upon storage of the samples at the same temperature and humidity but in the presence of saturated potassium iodide (KI) solution (∼60% RH) for humidity control. The levels of the N-nitrosamine derivatives varied with the pH of various NaNO 2 batches. The presence of volatile NOx species in the headspace of a container containing saturated NaNO 2 solution was confirmed via the Griess assay. The process for formation of the N-nitrosamine derivatives is proposed to involve volatilization of nitric oxide (NO) from aqueous nitrite solution into the headspace of the container followed by diffusion into the solid drug-excipient blend and subsequent reaction of NOx with the secondary amine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cobalt Ion Promoted Redox Cascade: A Route to Spiro Oxazine-Oxazepine Derivatives and a Dinuclear Cobalt(III) Complex of an N-(1,4-Naphthoquinone)-o-aminophenol Derivative.

Science.gov (United States)

Mondal, Sandip; Bera, Sachinath; Maity, Suvendu; Ghosh, Prasanta

2017-11-06

The study discloses that the redox activity of N-(1,4-naphthoquinone)-o-aminophenol derivatives (L R H 2 ) containing a (phenol)-NH-(1,4-naphthoquinone) fragment is notably different from that of a (phenol)-NH-(phenol) precursor. The former is a platform for a redox cascade. L R H 2 is redox noninnocent and exists in Cat-N-(1,4-naphthoquinone)(2-) (L R 2- ) and SQ-N-(1,4-naphthoquinone) (L R •- ) states in the complexes. Reactions of L R H 2 with cobalt(II) salts in MeOH in air promote a cascade affording spiro oxazine-oxazepine derivatives ( OX L R ) in good yields, when R = H, Me, t Bu. Spiro oxazine-oxazepine derivatives are bioactive, and such a molecule has so far not been isolated by a schematic route. In this context this cascade is significant. Dimerization of L R H 2 → OX L R in MeOH is a (6H + + 6e) oxidation reaction and is composed of formations of four covalent bonds and 6-exo-trig and 7-endo-trig cyclization based on C-O coupling reactions, where MeOH is the source of a proton and the ester function. It was established that the active cascade precursor is [(L Me •- )Co III Cl 2 ] (A). Notably, formation of a spiro derivative was not detected in CH 3 CN and the reaction ends up furnishing A. The route of the reaction is tunable by R, when R = NO 2 , it is a (2e + 4H + ) oxidation reaction affording a dinuclear L R 2- complex of cobalt(III) of the type [(L NO2 2- ) 2 Co III 2 (OMe) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (1) in good yields. No cascade occurs with zinc(II) ion even in MeOH and produces a L Me •- complex of type [(L Me •- )Zn II Cl 2 ] (2). The intermediate A and 2 exhibit strong EPR signals at g = 2.008 and 1.999, confrming the existence of L Me •- coordinated to low-spin cobalt(III) and zinc(II) ions. The intermediates of L R H 2 → OX L R conversion were analyzed by ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular geometries of OX L R and 1 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and the spectral features were elucidated by TD DFT calculations.

Modelling copper solvent extraction from acidic sulphate solutions using MOC 45

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alguacil, F. J.

1998-05-01

Full Text Available A mathematical model to predict the extraction has been developed for the Cu-MOC 45 system. The model consists of sets of nonlinear mass action and mass balance equations where the dimerization of the oxime was also considered. The predictive model calculated the equilibrium concentrations from the total oxime concentration, total copper concentration, initial pH value and the O/A volume phase ratio. The model suggests that the extraction of copper can be defined by the existence of two species into the organic solution: CuR₂ (k^ext = 4.2 and Cu(HR₂₂ (k^ext = 10.000- The initial oxime concentration defines the predominancy in the organic solution of both species. The model can be used to predict copper extraction isotherm as well as copper stripping with sulphuric acid.

Se desarrolla un modelo matemático para predecir el proceso de extracción en el sistema Cu-MOC 45. El modelo consiste en un conjunto de ecuaciones en el que se considera la dimerización de la oxima. El modelo permite predecir la extracción a partir de las concentraciones totales de la oxima y del cobre, del pH inicial y de la relación de fases O/A. La extracción de cobre responde a la existencia de dos especies en la fase orgánica: CuR₂ (k^ext = 4,2 y Cu(HR₂₂ (k^ext = 10.000. La predominancia de una u otra especie en esta fase depende de la concentración inicial de la oxima. El modelo también puede predecir las isotermas de extracción y la reextracción de cobre mediante ácido sulfúrico.

Functionalized nanoparticles for AMF-induced gene and drug delivery

Science.gov (United States)

Biswas, Souvik

non-toxic magnetoplexes (magnetic nanoparticle + pDNA complex) derived from dMLP deliver pDNA into mammalian cells even without external magnetic assistance. To date, dMLP is the only polymer-free magnetic gene delivery system that can deliver pDNA without any magnetic assistance. Chapter 3 of this thesis outlines the synthesis and characterization of other oxime ether lipids and details studies using derived-lipoplexes. These lipids were evaluated in pDNA and siRNA transfection studies in various mammalian cell lines. This work constitutes the first use of an oxime ether as the linking domain in cationic transfection lipids. These biocompatible oxime ether lipids can be readily assembled by click chemistry through ligation of hydrophobic aldehydes with quaternary ammonium aminooxy salts. Our studies showed that the oxime ether lipids transfected pDNA and siRNA efficiently in MCF-7, H 1792, and in PAR C10 cells comparable to and in some cases better than commercial transfection lipids. Chapter 4 describes the design and characterization of a nano-magnetic delivery system for AMF-induced drug (doxorubicin) release. In efforts to develop a magnetic formulation free from thermosensitive materials, such as hydrogels, we synthesized three nanoparticle-based doxorubicin formulations using charge interactions as the key associative force. To do so, we synthesized and characterized a novel cationic oxime ether conjugate at C-13 of doxorubicin. Our investigation indicated that the positive charge of the oxime ether drug conjugate tended to bind better to the negatively charged nanoparticle than did the other formulations prepared in stepwise manner. Our findings show that the nano-magnetic formulations remained essestially inactive at body temperature (37.5 °C) and released a majority of the cargo only when exposed to an external AMF. Our designed magnetic drug delivery platform is the first example of an AMF-inducible system that does not depend on the inclusion of

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime leucocyte scintigraphy for the diagnosis of bone and joint infections: a retrospective study in 116 patients

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devillers, A.; Moisan, A.; Jean, S.; Arvieux, C.; Bourguet, P.

1995-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime leucocyte scintigraphy (HMPAO-LS) by means of a retrospective review of 116 patients divided into three groups of bone and joint infection. One hundred and thirty-one LS examinations were performed, and 143 sites analysed. The final diagnosis of infection was based on surgical, histological and bacteriological data and follow-up. Ninety-four suspected localizations were examined in group 1, which included 74 patients with an infection suspected to involve orthopaedic implants. In this group, there were 38 true-positives, 1 false-negative, 49 true-negatives and 6 false-positives. Surgical confirmation was obtained in 34 cases. In group 2 (24 patients with suspected osteomyelitis), there were 27 localizations of which 14 were true-positives and 13 were true-negatives (including seven surgical confirmations). In group 3 (18 patients suspected of septic arthritis) there were eight true-positives, two false-negatives, ten true-negatives and two false-positives. Overall sensitivity of 99m Tc-HMPAO-LS for the detection of bone and joint infection was 95%, with a specificity of 90% (group 1: sensitivity 97%, specificity 89%; group 2: 100% and 100%; group 3: 80% and 83%). It may be concluded that HMPAO-LS is an effective tool for the diagnosis of both bone infection involving implants and chronic osteomyelitis. (orig.)

Dopamine D(3) receptor antagonists. 1. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 5,6-dimethoxy-N-alkyl- and N-alkylaryl-substituted 2-aminoindans.

Science.gov (United States)

Haadsma-Svensson, S R; Cleek, K A; Dinh, D M; Duncan, J N; Haber, C L; Huff, R M; Lajiness, M E; Nichols, N F; Smith, M W; Svensson, K A; Zaya, M J; Carlsson, A; Lin, C H

2001-12-20

5,6-Dimethoxy-2-(N-dipropyl)-aminoindan (3, PNU-99194A) was found to be a selective dopamine D(3) receptor antagonist with potential antipsychotic properties in animal models. To investigate the effects of nitrogen substitution on structure-activity relationships, a series of 5,6-dimethoxy-N-alkyl- and N-alkylaryl-substituted 2-aminoindans were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for binding affinity and metabolic stability. The results indicate that substitution at the amine nitrogen of the 2-aminoindans is fairly limited to the di-N-propyl group in order to achieve selective D(3) antagonists. Thus, combinations of various alkyl groups were generally inactive at the D(3) receptor. Although substitution with an N-alkylaryl or N-alkylheteroaryl group yields compounds with potent D(3) binding affinity, the D(2) affinity is also enhanced, resulting in a less than 4-fold preference for the D(3) receptor site, and no improvements in metabolic stability were noted. A large-scale synthesis of the D(3) antagonist 3 has been developed that has proven to be reproducible with few purification steps. The improvements include the use of 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde as a low-cost starting material to provide the desired 5,6-dimethoxy-1-indanone 5c in good overall yield (65%) and the formation of a soluble silyl oxime 17 that was reduced efficiently with BH(3).Me(2)S. The resulting amino alcohol was alkylated and then deoxygenated using a Lewis acid and Et(3)SiH to give the desired product 3 in good overall yield of ( approximately 65%) from the indanone 5c.

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia - Vol 19, No 1 (2005)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

FAAS DETERMINATION OF THALLIUM AFTER PRECONCENTRATION USING NITROSO-S AND TDBA ONTO BENZOPHENONE · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Mohammad Ali Taher*, Sayed Ziae Mohammadi Mobarakeh, Fatameh Saber Mahani ...

Synthesis of multiple deuterated N-n-propyl-norapomorphine N-(d/sub 7/) and derivatives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Yigong; Trainor, T.M.; Vouros, Paul; Neumeyer, J.L.

1988-03-01

Novapomorphine has been labelled using n-propyl iodide through alkylation of norcodeine followed by a multistep route which also affords the related deuterated analogs N-n-propylnorapocodeine, the prodrug 10,11-methylenedioxy-NPA and 10,11-dimethoxy-NPA.

N-terminal prolactin-derived fragments, vasoinhibins, are proapoptoptic and antiproliferative in the anterior pituitary.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferraris, Jimena; Radl, Daniela Betiana; Zárate, Sandra; Jaita, Gabriela; Eijo, Guadalupe; Zaldivar, Verónica; Clapp, Carmen; Seilicovich, Adriana; Pisera, Daniel

2011-01-01

The anterior pituitary is under a constant cell turnover modulated by gonadal steroids. In the rat, an increase in the rate of apoptosis occurs at proestrus whereas a peak of proliferation takes place at estrus. At proestrus, concomitant with the maximum rate of apoptosis, a peak in circulating levels of prolactin is observed. Prolactin can be cleaved to different N-terminal fragments, vasoinhibins, which are proapoptotic and antiproliferative factors for endothelial cells. It was reported that a 16 kDa vasoinhibin is produced in the rat anterior pituitary by cathepsin D. In the present study we investigated the anterior pituitary production of N-terminal prolactin-derived fragments along the estrous cycle and the involvement of estrogens in this process. In addition, we studied the effects of a recombinant vasoinhibin, 16 kDa prolactin, on anterior pituitary apoptosis and proliferation. We observed by Western Blot that N-terminal prolactin-derived fragments production in the anterior pituitary was higher at proestrus with respect to diestrus and that the content and release of these prolactin forms from anterior pituitary cells in culture were increased by estradiol. A recombinant preparation of 16 kDa prolactin induced apoptosis (determined by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry) of cultured anterior pituitary cells and lactotropes from ovariectomized rats only in the presence of estradiol, as previously reported for other proapoptotic factors in the anterior pituitary. In addition, 16 kDa prolactin decreased forskolin-induced proliferation (evaluated by BrdU incorporation) of rat total anterior pituitary cells and lactotropes in culture and decreased the proportion of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle (determined by flow cytometry). In conclusion, our study indicates that the anterior pituitary production of 16 kDa prolactin is variable along the estrous cycle and increased by estrogens. The antiproliferative and estradiol-dependent proapoptotic actions of this

N-terminal prolactin-derived fragments, vasoinhibins, are proapoptoptic and antiproliferative in the anterior pituitary.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jimena Ferraris

Full Text Available The anterior pituitary is under a constant cell turnover modulated by gonadal steroids. In the rat, an increase in the rate of apoptosis occurs at proestrus whereas a peak of proliferation takes place at estrus. At proestrus, concomitant with the maximum rate of apoptosis, a peak in circulating levels of prolactin is observed. Prolactin can be cleaved to different N-terminal fragments, vasoinhibins, which are proapoptotic and antiproliferative factors for endothelial cells. It was reported that a 16 kDa vasoinhibin is produced in the rat anterior pituitary by cathepsin D. In the present study we investigated the anterior pituitary production of N-terminal prolactin-derived fragments along the estrous cycle and the involvement of estrogens in this process. In addition, we studied the effects of a recombinant vasoinhibin, 16 kDa prolactin, on anterior pituitary apoptosis and proliferation. We observed by Western Blot that N-terminal prolactin-derived fragments production in the anterior pituitary was higher at proestrus with respect to diestrus and that the content and release of these prolactin forms from anterior pituitary cells in culture were increased by estradiol. A recombinant preparation of 16 kDa prolactin induced apoptosis (determined by TUNEL assay and flow cytometry of cultured anterior pituitary cells and lactotropes from ovariectomized rats only in the presence of estradiol, as previously reported for other proapoptotic factors in the anterior pituitary. In addition, 16 kDa prolactin decreased forskolin-induced proliferation (evaluated by BrdU incorporation of rat total anterior pituitary cells and lactotropes in culture and decreased the proportion of cells in S-phase of the cell cycle (determined by flow cytometry. In conclusion, our study indicates that the anterior pituitary production of 16 kDa prolactin is variable along the estrous cycle and increased by estrogens. The antiproliferative and estradiol-dependent proapoptotic

Palladium(II)-catalyzed ortho-C-H arylation/alkylation of N-benzoyl α-amino ester derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

Misal Castro, Luis C; Chatani, Naoto

2014-04-14

The palladium-catalyzed arylation/alkylation of ortho-C-H bonds in N-benzoyl α-amino ester derivatives is described. In such a system both the NH-amido and the CO2R groups in the α-amino ester moieties play a role in successful C-H activation/C-C bond formation using iodoaryl coupling partners. A wide variety of functional groups and electron-rich/deficient iodoarenes are tolerated. The yields obtained range from 20 to 95%. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Bisacenaphthopyrazinoquinoxaline derivatives: Synthesis, physical properties and applications as semiconductors for n-channel field effect transistors