WorldWideScience

Sample records for n-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase ppgalnac-t

  1. The Lectin Domain of the Polypeptide GalNAc Transferase Family of Glycosyltransferases (ppGalNAc Ts) Acts as a Switch Directing Glycopeptide Substrate Glycosylation in an N- or C-terminal Direction, Further Controlling Mucin Type O-Glycosylation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Gerken, Thomas A; Revoredo, Leslie; Thome, Joseph J C

    2013-01-01

    and specificity that differ between transferase isoforms. For example, ppGalNAc T1, T2, and T14 prefer C-terminally placed GalNAc-O-Thr, whereas ppGalNAc T3 and T6 prefer N-terminally placed GalNAc-O-Thr. Several transferase isoforms, ppGalNAc T5, T13, and T16, display equally enhanced N- or C-terminal activities...... relative to the nonglycosylated control peptides. This N- and/or C-terminal selectivity is presumably due to weak glycopeptide binding to the lectin domain, whose orientation relative to the catalytic domain is dynamic and isoform-dependent. Such N- or C-terminal glycopeptide selectivity provides...

  2. Analysis of glutathione S-transferase (M1, T1 and P1) gene ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Glutathione S-transferase enzymes are active in detoxifying a wide number of endogenous and exogenous chemical carcinogens and subsequently, are crucial in protecting the DNA. Several studies show some differences in association of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 genetic polymorphisms with the risk of ...

  3. Immunolocalisation of members of the polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase (ppGalNAc-T) family is consistent with biologically relevant altered cell surface glycosylation in breast cancer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Brooks, Susan A; Carter, Tracey M; Bennett, Eric P

    2007-01-01

    understood, may mediate the synthesis of varied glycoforms of cellular proteins with different biological activities. Disruptions in glycosylation are a common feature of cancer and may have functional significance. Immunocytochemistry with confocal scanning laser microscopy was employed to detect members...... of the ppGalNAc-T family, ppGalNAc-T1, -T2, -T3, -T4 and -T6 in a range of breast cell lines. The cells were chosen to represent a range of phenotypes from 'normal'/benign (HMT 3,522), primary, non-metastatic breast cancer (BT 474), to aggressive, metastatic breast cancer (ZR75-1, T47D, MCF-7, DU 4...... tightly restricted ppGalNAc-T's may result in initiation of O-linked glycosylation at normally unoccupied potential glycosylation sites leading to altered glycoforms of proteins with changed biological activity which may contribute to the pathogenesis of cancer....

  4. Antibiotic inhibition of the movement of tRNA substrates through a peptidyl transferase cavity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Porse, B T; Rodriguez-Fonseca, C; Leviev, I

    1996-01-01

    The present review attempts to deal with movement of tRNA substrates through the peptidyl transferase centre on the large ribosomal subunit and to explain how this movement is interrupted by antibiotics. It builds on the concept of hybrid tRNA states forming on ribosomes and on the observed movem...

  5. Generation of Active Bovine Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT in E.coli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wee Liang Kuan

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A synthetic gene encoding bovine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT was generated, cloned into an expression vector and expressed in E.coli. The effects of altering culture and induction conditions on the nature of recombinant protein production were investigated. This led to the expression of active recombinant bovine TdT in E.coli. After purification and characterisation, the activity of the enzyme was assessed in a biological assay for apoptosis. The process described in this report enables the economical production of TdT for high throughput applications.

  6. Generation of Active Bovine Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT in E.coli

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wee Liang Kuan

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available A synthetic gene encoding bovine terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT was generated, cloned into an expression vector and expressed in E.coli. The effects of altering culture and induction conditions on the nature of recombinant protein production were investigated. This led to the expression of active recombinant bovine TdT in E.coli. After purification and characterisation, the activity of the enzyme was assessed in a biological assay for apoptosis. The process described in this report enables the economical production of TdT for high throughput applications.

  7. The identification and characterisation of a functional interaction between arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase and topoisomerase II

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barker, Catherine R.; Mouchel, Nathalie A.P.; Jenkins, John R.

    2006-01-01

    Topoisomerase II is required for the viability of all eukaryotic cells. It plays important roles in DNA replication, recombination, chromosome segregation, and the maintenance of the nuclear scaffold. Proteins that interact with and regulate this essential enzyme are of great interest. To investigate the role of proteins interacting with the N-terminal domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae topoisomerase II, we used a yeast two-hybrid protein interaction screen. We identified an interaction between arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase (Ate1) and the N-terminal domain of the S. cerevisiae topoisomerase II, including the potential site of interaction. Ate1 is a component of the N-end rule protein degradation pathway which targets proteins for degradation. We also propose a previously unidentified role for Ate1 in modulating the level of topoisomerase II through the cell cycle

  8. Lectin Domains of Polypeptide GalNAc Transferases Exhibit Glycopeptide Binding Specificity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Johannes W; Bennett, Eric P; Schjoldager, Katrine T-B G

    2011-01-01

    UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide a-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-Ts) constitute a family of up to 20 transferases that initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation. The transferases are structurally composed of catalytic and lectin domains. Two modes have been identified for the selection...... of glycosylation sites by GalNAc-Ts: confined sequence recognition by the catalytic domain alone, and concerted recognition of acceptor sites and adjacent GalNAc-glycosylated sites by the catalytic and lectin domains, respectively. Thus far, only the catalytic domain has been shown to have peptide sequence...... on sequences of mucins MUC1, MUC2, MUC4, MUC5AC, MUC6, and MUC7 as well as a random glycopeptide bead library, we examined the binding properties of four different lectin domains. The lectin domains of GalNAc-T1, -T2, -T3, and -T4 bound different subsets of small glycopeptides. These results indicate...

  9. Does occupational exposure to solvents and pesticides in association with glutathione S-transferase A1, M1, P1, and T1 polymorphisms increase the risk of bladder cancer? The Belgrade case-control study.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marija G Matic

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: We investigated the role of the glutathione S-transferase A1, M1, P1 and T1 gene polymorphisms and potential effect modification by occupational exposure to different chemicals in Serbian bladder cancer male patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study of bladder cancer in men comprised 143 histologically confirmed cases and 114 age-matched male controls. Deletion polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 was identified by polymerase chain reaction method. Single nucleotide polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase A1 and P1 was identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism method. As a measure of effect size, odds ratio (OR with corresponding 95% confidence interval (95%CI was calculated. RESULTS: The glutathione S-transferase A1, T1 and P1 genotypes did not contribute independently toward the risk of bladder cancer, while the glutathione S-transferase M1-null genotype was overrepresented among cases (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.1-4.2, p = 0.032. The most pronounced effect regarding occupational exposure to solvents and glutathione S-transferase genotype on bladder cancer risk was observed for the low activity glutathione S-transferase A1 genotype (OR = 9.2, 95% CI = 2.4-34.7, p = 0.001. The glutathione S-transferase M1-null genotype also enhanced the risk of bladder cancer among subjects exposed to solvents (OR = 6,5, 95% CI = 2.1-19.7, p = 0.001. The risk of bladder cancer development was 5.3-fold elevated among glutathione S-transferase T1-active patients exposed to solvents in comparison with glutathione S-transferase T1-active unexposed patients (95% CI = 1.9-15.1, p = 0.002. Moreover, men with glutathione S-transferase T1-active genotype exposed to pesticides exhibited 4.5 times higher risk in comparison with unexposed glutathione S-transferase T1-active subjects (95% CI = 0.9-22.5, p = 0.067. CONCLUSION: Null or low-activity genotypes of the

  10. Substrate specificities of three members of the human UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase family, GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wandall, H H; Hassan, H; Mirgorodskaya, E

    1997-01-01

    Mucin-type O-glycosylation is initiated by UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-transferases). The role each GalNAc-transferase plays in O-glycosylation is unclear. In this report we characterized the specificity and kinetic properties of three purified...

  11. Meat consumption, N-acetyl transferase 1 and 2 polymorphism and risk of breast cancer, in Danish postmenopausal women

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Egeberg, Rikke; Olsen, Anja; Autrup, Herman

    2008-01-01

    The aim of this study was to investigate whether polymorphisms in N-acetyl transferase 1 and 2 modify the association between meat consumption and risk of breast cancer. A nested case-control study was conducted among 24697 postmenopausal women included in the 'Diet, Cancer and Health' cohort study...... (1993-2000). Three hundred and seventy-eight breast cancer cases were identified and matched to 378 controls. The incidence rate ratio (95% confidence interval) for breast cancer was 1.09 (1.02-1.17) for total meat, 1.15 (1.01-1.31) for red meat and 1.23 (1.04-1.45) for processed meat per 25 g daily...... total meat intake and red meat intake and breast cancer risk were confined to intermediate/fast N-acetyl transferase 2 acetylators (P-interaction=0.03 and 0.04). Our findings support an association between meat consumption and breast cancer risk and that N-acetyl transferase 2 polymorphism has...

  12. O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine modification of mammalian Notch receptors by an atypical O-GlcNAc transferase Eogt1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Sakaidani, Yuta [Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065 (Japan); Ichiyanagi, Naoki [Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan); Saito, Chika; Nomura, Tomoko [Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065 (Japan); Ito, Makiko [Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan); Nishio, Yosuke [Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065 (Japan); Nadano, Daita; Matsuda, Tsukasa [Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan); Furukawa, Koichi [Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065 (Japan); Okajima, Tetsuya, E-mail: tokajima@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp [Department of Biochemistry II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-0065 (Japan); Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601 (Japan)

    2012-03-02

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We characterized A130022J15Rik (Eogt1)-a mouse gene homologous to Drosophila Eogt. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Eogt1 encodes EGF domain O-GlcNAc transferase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Expression of Eogt1 in Drosophila rescued the cell-adhesion defect in the Eogt mutant. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer O-GlcNAcylation reaction in the secretory pathway is conserved through evolution. -- Abstract: O-linked-{beta}-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a unique cytoplasmic and nuclear protein modification that is common in nearly all eukaryotes, including filamentous fungi, plants, and animals. We had recently reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats of Notch and Dumpy are O-GlcNAcylated by an atypical O-GlcNAc transferase, EOGT, in Drosophila. However, no study has yet shown whether O-GlcNAcylation of extracellular proteins is limited to insects such as Drosophila or whether it occurs in other organisms, including mammals. Here, we report the characterization of A130022J15Rik, a mouse gene homolog of Drosophila Eogt (Eogt 1). Enzymatic analysis revealed that Eogt1 has a substrate specificity similar to that of Drosophila EOGT, wherein the Thr residue located between the fifth and sixth conserved cysteines of the folded EGF-like domains is modified. This observation is supported by the fact that the expression of Eogt1 in Drosophila rescued the cell-adhesion defect caused by Eogt downregulation. In HEK293T cells, Eogt1 expression promoted modification of Notch1 EGF repeats by O-GlcNAc, which was further modified, at least in part, by galactose to generate a novel O-linked-N-acetyllactosamine structure. These results suggest that Eogt1 encodes EGF domain O-GlcNAc transferase and that O-GlcNAcylation reaction in the secretory pathway is a fundamental biochemical process conserved through evolution.

  13. O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine modification of mammalian Notch receptors by an atypical O-GlcNAc transferase Eogt1

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sakaidani, Yuta; Ichiyanagi, Naoki; Saito, Chika; Nomura, Tomoko; Ito, Makiko; Nishio, Yosuke; Nadano, Daita; Matsuda, Tsukasa; Furukawa, Koichi; Okajima, Tetsuya

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► We characterized A130022J15Rik (Eogt1)—a mouse gene homologous to Drosophila Eogt. ► Eogt1 encodes EGF domain O-GlcNAc transferase. ► Expression of Eogt1 in Drosophila rescued the cell-adhesion defect in the Eogt mutant. ► O-GlcNAcylation reaction in the secretory pathway is conserved through evolution. -- Abstract: O-linked-β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is a unique cytoplasmic and nuclear protein modification that is common in nearly all eukaryotes, including filamentous fungi, plants, and animals. We had recently reported that epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats of Notch and Dumpy are O-GlcNAcylated by an atypical O-GlcNAc transferase, EOGT, in Drosophila. However, no study has yet shown whether O-GlcNAcylation of extracellular proteins is limited to insects such as Drosophila or whether it occurs in other organisms, including mammals. Here, we report the characterization of A130022J15Rik, a mouse gene homolog of Drosophila Eogt (Eogt 1). Enzymatic analysis revealed that Eogt1 has a substrate specificity similar to that of Drosophila EOGT, wherein the Thr residue located between the fifth and sixth conserved cysteines of the folded EGF-like domains is modified. This observation is supported by the fact that the expression of Eogt1 in Drosophila rescued the cell-adhesion defect caused by Eogt downregulation. In HEK293T cells, Eogt1 expression promoted modification of Notch1 EGF repeats by O-GlcNAc, which was further modified, at least in part, by galactose to generate a novel O-linked-N-acetyllactosamine structure. These results suggest that Eogt1 encodes EGF domain O-GlcNAc transferase and that O-GlcNAcylation reaction in the secretory pathway is a fundamental biochemical process conserved through evolution.

  14. Mutations in N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase in patients with X-linked intellectual disability

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Willems, A.P.; Gundogdu, M.; Kempers, M.J.E.; Giltay, J.C.; Pfundt, R.P.; Elferink, M.; Loza, B.F.; Fuijkschot, J.; Ferenbach, A.T.; Gassen, K.L. van; Aalten, D.M.F. van; Lefeber, D.J.

    2017-01-01

    N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation, an essential and dynamic post-translational modification. The O-GlcNAc modification is present on numerous nuclear and cytosolic proteins and has been implicated in essential cellular functions such as signaling and

  15. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1, CYP1A2-2467T/delT ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    The present study investigated the impact of metabolic gene polymorphisms in modulating lung cancer risk susceptibility. Gene polymorphisms encoding Cytochrome 1A2 (CYP1A2) and Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1) are involved in the bioactivation and detoxification of tobacco carcinogens and may ...

  16. Development of isoform-specific sensors of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase activity

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Song, Lina; Bachert, Collin; Schjoldager, Katrine T

    2014-01-01

    sequence influenced their activity and required modification, which we carried out based on previous in vitro work. Significantly, the modified T2 and T3 sensors were activated only in cells lacking their corresponding isozymes. Thus, we have developed T2- and T3-specific sensors that will be valuable......Humans express up to 20 isoforms of GalNAc-transferase (herein T1-T20) that localize to the Golgi apparatus and initiate O-glycosylation. Regulation of this enzyme family affects a vast array of proteins transiting the secretory pathway and diseases arise upon misregulation of specific isoforms....... Surprisingly, molecular probes to monitor GalNAc-transferase activity are lacking and there exist no effective global or isoform-specific inhibitors. Here we describe the development of T2- and T3-isoform specific fluorescence sensors that traffic in the secretory pathway. Each sensor yielded little signal...

  17. Genomic organization of plant aminopropyl transferases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rodríguez-Kessler, Margarita; Delgado-Sánchez, Pablo; Rodríguez-Kessler, Gabriela Theresia; Moriguchi, Takaya; Jiménez-Bremont, Juan Francisco

    2010-07-01

    Aminopropyl transferases like spermidine synthase (SPDS; EC 2.5.1.16), spermine synthase and thermospermine synthase (SPMS, tSPMS; EC 2.5.1.22) belong to a class of widely distributed enzymes that use decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine as an aminopropyl donor and putrescine or spermidine as an amino acceptor to form in that order spermidine, spermine or thermospermine. We describe the analysis of plant genomic sequences encoding SPDS, SPMS, tSPMS and PMT (putrescine N-methyltransferase; EC 2.1.1.53). Genome organization (including exon size, gain and loss, as well as intron number, size, loss, retention, placement and phase, and the presence of transposons) of plant aminopropyl transferase genes were compared between the genomic sequences of SPDS, SPMS and tSPMS from Zea mays, Oryza sativa, Malus x domestica, Populus trichocarpa, Arabidopsis thaliana and Physcomitrella patens. In addition, the genomic organization of plant PMT genes, proposed to be derived from SPDS during the evolution of alkaloid metabolism, is illustrated. Herein, a particular conservation and arrangement of exon and intron sequences between plant SPDS, SPMS and PMT genes that clearly differs with that of ACL5 genes, is shown. The possible acquisition of the plant SPMS exon II and, in particular exon XI in the monocot SPMS genes, is a remarkable feature that allows their differentiation from SPDS genes. In accordance with our in silico analysis, functional complementation experiments of the maize ZmSPMS1 enzyme (previously considered to be SPDS) in yeast demonstrated its spermine synthase activity. Another significant aspect is the conservation of intron sequences among SPDS and PMT paralogs. In addition the existence of microsynteny among some SPDS paralogs, especially in P. trichocarpa and A. thaliana, supports duplication events of plant SPDS genes. Based in our analysis, we hypothesize that SPMS genes appeared with the divergence of vascular plants by a processes of gene duplication and the

  18. Identification of the S-transferase like superfamily bacillithiol transferases encoded by Bacillus subtilis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perera, Varahenage R.; Lapek, John D.; Newton, Gerald L.; Gonzalez, David J.; Pogliano, Kit

    2018-01-01

    Bacillithiol is a low molecular weight thiol found in Firmicutes that is analogous to glutathione, which is absent in these bacteria. Bacillithiol transferases catalyze the transfer of bacillithiol to various substrates. The S-transferase-like (STL) superfamily contains over 30,000 putative members, including bacillithiol transferases. Proteins in this family are extremely divergent and are related by structural rather than sequence similarity, leaving it unclear if all share the same biochemical activity. Bacillus subtilis encodes eight predicted STL superfamily members, only one of which has been shown to be a bacillithiol transferase. Here we find that the seven remaining proteins show varying levels of metal dependent bacillithiol transferase activity. We have renamed the eight enzymes BstA-H. Mass spectrometry and gene expression studies revealed that all of the enzymes are produced to varying levels during growth and sporulation, with BstB and BstE being the most abundant and BstF and BstH being the least abundant. Interestingly, several bacillithiol transferases are induced in the mother cell during sporulation. A strain lacking all eight bacillithiol transferases showed normal growth in the presence of stressors that adversely affect growth of bacillithiol-deficient strains, such as paraquat and CdCl2. Thus, the STL bacillithiol transferases represent a new group of proteins that play currently unknown, but potentially significant roles in bacillithiol-dependent reactions. We conclude that these enzymes are highly divergent, perhaps to cope with an equally diverse array of endogenous or exogenous toxic metabolites and oxidants. PMID:29451913

  19. The Fusarium oxysporum gnt2, encoding a putative N-acetylglucosamine transferase, is involved in cell wall architecture and virulence.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Loida López-Fernández

    Full Text Available With the aim to decipher the molecular dialogue and cross talk between Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersci and its host during infection and to understand the molecular bases that govern fungal pathogenicity, we analysed genes presumably encoding N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases, involved in glycosylation of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans or small molecule acceptors in other microorganisms. In silico analysis revealed the existence of seven putative N-glycosyl transferase encoding genes (named gnt in F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici genome. gnt2 deletion mutants showed a dramatic reduction in virulence on both plant and animal hosts. Δgnt2 mutants had αalterations in cell wall properties related to terminal αor β-linked N-acetyl glucosamine. Mutant conidia and germlings also showed differences in structure and physicochemical surface properties. Conidial and hyphal aggregation differed between the mutant and wild type strains, in a pH independent manner. Transmission electron micrographs of germlings showed strong cell-to-cell adherence and the presence of an extracellular chemical matrix. Δgnt2 cell walls presented a significant reduction in N-linked oligosaccharides, suggesting the involvement of Gnt2 in N-glycosylation of cell wall proteins. Gnt2 was localized in Golgi-like sub-cellular compartments as determined by fluorescence microscopy of GFP::Gnt2 fusion protein after treatment with the antibiotic brefeldin A or by staining with fluorescent sphingolipid BODIPY-TR ceramide. Furthermore, density gradient ultracentrifugation allowed co-localization of GFP::Gnt2 fusion protein and Vps10p in subcellular fractions enriched in Golgi specific enzymatic activities. Our results suggest that N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases are key components for cell wall structure and influence interactions of F. oxysporum with both plant and animal hosts during pathogenicity.

  20. The Fusarium oxysporum gnt2, Encoding a Putative N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase, Is Involved in Cell Wall Architecture and Virulence

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Fernández, Loida; Ruiz-Roldán, Carmen; Pareja-Jaime, Yolanda; Prieto, Alicia; Khraiwesh, Husam; Roncero, M. Isabel G.

    2013-01-01

    With the aim to decipher the molecular dialogue and cross talk between Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersci and its host during infection and to understand the molecular bases that govern fungal pathogenicity, we analysed genes presumably encoding N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases, involved in glycosylation of glycoproteins, glycolipids, proteoglycans or small molecule acceptors in other microorganisms. In silico analysis revealed the existence of seven putative N-glycosyl transferase encoding genes (named gnt) in F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici genome. gnt2 deletion mutants showed a dramatic reduction in virulence on both plant and animal hosts. Δgnt2 mutants had αalterations in cell wall properties related to terminal αor β-linked N-acetyl glucosamine. Mutant conidia and germlings also showed differences in structure and physicochemical surface properties. Conidial and hyphal aggregation differed between the mutant and wild type strains, in a pH independent manner. Transmission electron micrographs of germlings showed strong cell-to-cell adherence and the presence of an extracellular chemical matrix. Δgnt2 cell walls presented a significant reduction in N-linked oligosaccharides, suggesting the involvement of Gnt2 in N-glycosylation of cell wall proteins. Gnt2 was localized in Golgi-like sub-cellular compartments as determined by fluorescence microscopy of GFP::Gnt2 fusion protein after treatment with the antibiotic brefeldin A or by staining with fluorescent sphingolipid BODIPY-TR ceramide. Furthermore, density gradient ultracentrifugation allowed co-localization of GFP::Gnt2 fusion protein and Vps10p in subcellular fractions enriched in Golgi specific enzymatic activities. Our results suggest that N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases are key components for cell wall structure and influence interactions of F. oxysporum with both plant and animal hosts during pathogenicity. PMID:24416097

  1. Combined glutathione S transferase M1/T1 null genotypes is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus

    Science.gov (United States)

    POROJAN, MIHAI D.; BALA, CORNELIA; ILIES, ROXANA; CATANA, ANDREEA; POPP, RADU A.; DUMITRASCU, DAN L.

    2015-01-01

    Background Due to new genetic insights, a considerably large number of genes and polymorphic gene variants are screened and linked with the complex pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (DM). Our study aimed to investigate the association between the two isoforms of the glutathione S-transferase genes (Glutathione S transferase isoemzyme type M1- GSTM1 and Glutathione S transferase isoemzyme type T1-GSTT1) and the prevalence of DM in the Northern Romanian population. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, randomized, case-control study evaluating the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null alleles in patients diagnosed with DM. A total of 106 patients diagnosed with DM and 124 healthy controls were included in the study. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null alleles genotyping was carried out using Multiplex PCR amplification of relevant gene fragments, followed by gel electrophoresis analysis of the resulting amplicons. Results Molecular analysis did not reveal an increased frequency of the null GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles (mutant genotypes) respectively in the DM group compared to controls (p=0.171, OR=1.444 CI=0.852–2.447; p=0.647, OR=0.854, CI=0.436–1.673). Nevertheless, the combined GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes were statistically significantly higher in DM patients compared to control subjects (p=0.0021, OR=0.313, CI=0.149–0.655) Conclusions The main finding of our study is that the combined, double GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes are to be considered among the polymorphic genetic risk factors for type 2 DM. PMID:26528065

  2. Characterization of ppGalNAc-T18, a member of the vertebrate-specific Y subfamily of UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xing; Wang, Jing; Li, Wei; Xu, Yingjiao; Shao, Dong; Xie, Yinyin; Xie, Wenxian; Kubota, Tomomi; Narimatsu, Hisashi; Zhang, Yan

    2012-05-01

    The first step of mucin-type O-glycosylation is catalyzed by members of the UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (ppGalNAc-T; EC 2.4.1.41) family. Each member of this family has unique substrate specificity and expression profiles. In this report, we describe a new subfamily of ppGalNAc-Ts, designated the Y subfamily. The Y subfamily consists of four members, ppGalNAc-T8, -T9, -T17 and -T18, in which the conserved YDX(5)WGGENXE sequence in the Gal/GalNAc-T motif of ppGalNAc-Ts is mutated to LDX(5)YGGENXE. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Y subfamily members only exist in vertebrates. All four Y subfamily members lack in vitro GalNAc-transferase activity toward classical substrates possibly because of the UDP-GalNAc-binding pocket mutants. However, ppGalNAc-T18, the newly identified defining member, was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum rather than the Golgi apparatus in lung carcinoma cells. The knockdown of ppGalNAc-T18 altered cell morphology, proliferation potential and changed cell O-glycosylation. ppGalNAc-T18 can also modulate the in vitro GalNAc-transferase activity of ppGalNAc-T2 and -T10, suggesting that it may be a chaperone-like protein. These findings suggest that the new Y subfamily of ppGalNAc-Ts plays an important role in protein glycosylation; characterizing their functions will provide new insight into the role of ppGalNAc-Ts.

  3. Transferases in Polymer Chemistry

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van der Vlist, Jeroen; Loos, Katja; Palmans, ARA; Heise, A

    2010-01-01

    Transferases are enzymes that catalyze reactions in which a group is transferred from one compound to another. This makes these enzymes ideal catalysts for polymerization reactions. In nature, transferases are responsible for the synthesis of many important natural macromolecules. In synthetic

  4. The glycomic effect of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III overexpression in metastatic melanoma cells. GnT-III modifies highly branched N-glycans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Link-Lenczowski, Paweł; Bubka, Monika; Balog, Crina I A; Koeleman, Carolien A M; Butters, Terry D; Wuhrer, Manfred; Lityńska, Anna

    2018-04-01

    N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT-III) is known to catalyze N-glycan "bisection" and thereby modulate the formation of highly branched complex structures within the Golgi apparatus. While active, it inhibits the action of other GlcNAc transferases such as GnT-IV and GnT-V. Moreover, GnT-III is considered as an inhibitor of the metastatic potential of cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of GnT-III may be more diverse and depend on the cellular context. We describe the detailed glycomic analysis of the effect of GnT-III overexpression in WM266-4-GnT-III metastatic melanoma cells. We used MALDI-TOF and ESI-ion-trap-MS/MS together with HILIC-HPLC of 2-AA labeled N-glycans to study the N-glycome of membrane-attached and secreted proteins. We found that the overexpression of GnT-III in melanoma leads to the modification of a broad range of N-glycan types by the introduction of the "bisecting" GlcNAc residue with highly branched complex structures among them. The presence of these unusual complex N-glycans resulted in stronger interactions of cellular glycoproteins with the PHA-L. Based on the data presented here we conclude that elevated activity of GnT-III in cancer cells does not necessarily lead to a total abrogation of the formation of highly branched glycans. In addition, the modification of pre-existing N-glycans by the introduction of "bisecting" GlcNAc can modulate their capacity to interact with carbohydrate-binding proteins such as plant lectins. Our results suggest further studies on the biological function of "bisected" oligosaccharides in cancer cell biology and their interactions with carbohydrate-binding proteins.

  5. Hibiscus cannabinus feruloyl-coa:monolignol transferase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wilkerson, Curtis; Ralph, John; Withers, Saunia; Mansfield, Shawn D.

    2016-11-15

    The invention relates to isolated nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase and feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzymes. The isolated nucleic acids and/or the enzymes enable incorporation of monolignol ferulates into the lignin of plants, where such monolignol ferulates include, for example, p-coumaryl ferulate, coniferyl ferulate, and/or sinapyl ferulate. The invention also includes methods and plants that include nucleic acids encoding a feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzyme and/or feruloyl-CoA:monolignol transferase enzymes.

  6. N-acetyl transferase 2/environmental factors and their association as a modulating risk factor for sporadic colon and rectal cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Procopciuc, Lucia M; Osian, Gelu; Iancu, Mihaela

    2017-09-01

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between environmental factors and colon or rectal cancer after adjusting for N-acetyl transferase 2 (NAT2) phenotypes. Ninety-six patients with sporadic colon cancer, 54 with sporadic rectal cancer and 162 control subjects were genotyped for NAT2-T341C, G590A, G857A, A845C, and C481T using sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis. The risk for colon cancer was increased in carriers of the homozygous negative genotypes for NAT2*5C-T341C, NAT2*6B-G590A, NAT2*7B-G857A, NAT2*18-A845C, and NAT2*5A-C481T. The risk for rectal cancer was increased in carriers of the homozygous negative genotypes for NAT2*5C-T341C, NAT2*7B-G857A, and NAT2*5A-C481T. High fried red meat intake associated with NAT2-T341C, G590A, G857A, A845C, and C481T rapid acetylator allele determines a risk of 2.39 (P=.002), 2.39 (P=.002), 2.37 (P=.002), 2.28 (P=.004), and 2.51 (P=.001), respectively, for colon cancer, whereas in the case of rectal cancer, the risk increased to 7.55 (Pcolon cancer, whereas the risk for rectal cancer is 9.72 (Pcolon cancer. Fried red meat, alcohol, and smoking increase the risk of sporadic CRC, especially of colon cancer, in the case of rapid acetylators for the NAT2 variants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. (n,t)-Copresented Modules and (n,t)-Cocoherent Rings | Kewira ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    These concepts also generalize the notions of cofinitely generated and cofinitely related modules. using the idea of t-finitely cogenerated module, the notion of (n, t)-copresented modules is introduced for some non-negative integer n. This notion of (n, t)-copresented modules is dual to (n, t)-presented modules studied by ...

  8. Localization of three human polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in HeLa cells suggests initiation of O-linked glycosylation throughout the Golgi apparatus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Röttger, S; White, J; Wandall, H H

    1998-01-01

    O-glycosylation of proteins is initiated by a family of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactos-aminyltransferases (GalNAc-T). In this study, we have localized endogenous and epitope-tagged human GalNAc-T1, -T2 and -T3 to the Golgi apparatus in HeLa cells by subcellular fractionation......, immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. We show that all three GalNAc-transferases are concentrated about tenfold in Golgi stacks over Golgi associated tubular-vesicular membrane structures. Surprisingly, we find that GalNAc-T1, -T2 and -T3 are present throughout the Golgi stack suggesting that initiation...... of O-glycosylation may not be restricted to the cis Golgi, but occur at multiple sites within the Golgi apparatus. GalNAc-T1 distributes evenly across the Golgi stack whereas GalNAc-T2 and -T3 reside preferentially on the trans side and in the medial part of the Golgi stack, respectively. Moreover, we...

  9. Human T cell recognition of the blood stage antigen Plasmodium hypoxanthine guanine xanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGXPRT in acute malaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Woodberry Tonia

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The Plasmodium purine salvage enzyme, hypoxanthine guanine xanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGXPRT can protect mice against Plasmodium yoelii pRBC challenge in a T cell-dependent manner and has, therefore, been proposed as a novel vaccine candidate. It is not known whether natural exposure to Plasmodium falciparum stimulates HGXPRT T cell reactivity in humans. Methods PBMC and plasma collected from malaria-exposed Indonesians during infection and 7–28 days after anti-malarial therapy, were assessed for HGXPRT recognition using CFSE proliferation, IFNγ ELISPOT assay and ELISA. Results HGXPRT-specific T cell proliferation was found in 44% of patients during acute infection; in 80% of responders both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets proliferated. Antigen-specific T cell proliferation was largely lost within 28 days of parasite clearance. HGXPRT-specific IFN-γ production was more frequent 28 days after treatment than during acute infection. HGXPRT-specific plasma IgG was undetectable even in individuals exposed to malaria for at least two years. Conclusion The prevalence of acute proliferative and convalescent IFNγ responses to HGXPRT demonstrates cellular immunogenicity in humans. Further studies to determine minimal HGXPRT epitopes, the specificity of responses for Plasmodia and associations with protection are required. Frequent and robust T cell proliferation, high sequence conservation among Plasmodium species and absent IgG responses distinguish HGXPRT from other malaria antigens.

  10. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and gluthatione S-transferases M1 and T1 gene polymorphisms in three Brazilian population groups.

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Oliveira Hiragi, Cássia; Miranda-Vilela, Ana Luisa; Rocha, Dulce Maria Sucena; de Oliveira, Silviene Fabiana; Hatagima, Ana; de Nazaré Klautau-Guimarães, Maria

    2011-01-01

    Antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX1) reduce the oxidation rates in the organism. Gluthatione S-transferases (GSTs) play a vital role in phase 2 of biotransformation of many substances. Variation in the expression of these enzymes suggests individual differences for the degree of antioxidant protection and geographical differences in the distribution of these variants. We described the distribution frequency of CAT (21A/T), SOD2 (Ala9Val), GPX1 (Pro198Leu), GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms in three Brazilian population groups: Kayabi Amerindians (n = 60), Kalunga Afro-descendants (n = 72), and an urban mixed population from Federal District (n = 162). Frequencies of the variants observed in Kalunga (18% to 58%) and Federal District (33% to 63%) were similar to those observed in Euro and Afro-descendants, while in Kayabi (3% to 68%), depending on the marker, frequencies were similar to the ones found in different ethnic groups. Except for SOD2 in all population groups studied here, and for GPX1 in Kalunga, the genotypic distributions were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium. These data can clarify the contribution of different ethnicities in the formation of mixed populations, such as that of Brazil. Moreover, outcomes will be valuable resources for future functional studies and for genetic studies in specific populations. If these studies are designed to comprehensively explore the role of these genetic polymorphisms in the etiology of human diseases they may help to prevent inconsistent genotype-phenotype associations in pharmacogenetic studies.

  11. Expression of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases in stratified epithelia and squamous cell carcinomas

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mandel, U; Hassan, H; Therkildsen, M H

    1999-01-01

    GalNAc-T1, -T2, and -T3. Application of this panel of novel antibodies revealed that GalNAc- transferases are differentially expressed in different cell lines, in spermatozoa, and in oral mucosa and carcinomas. For example, GalNAc-T1 and -T2 but not -T3 were highly expressed in WI38 cells, and Gal......NAc-T3 but not GalNAc-T1 or -T2 was expressed in spermatozoa. The expression patterns in normal oral mucosa were found to vary with cell differentiation, and for GalNAc-T2 and -T3 this was reflected in oral squamous cell carcinomas. The expression pattern of GalNAc-T1 was on the other hand changed...

  12. A study of the association of glutathione S-transferase M1/T1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to vitiligo in Egyptian patients.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aly, Dalia Gamal; Salem, Samar Abdallah; Amr, Khalda Sayed; El-Hamid, Mahmoud Fawzy Abd

    2018-01-01

    The association of glutathione S-transferases M1/T1 (GSTM1/T1) null polymorphisms with vitiligo was proposed in several studies including two Egyptian studies with contradictory results. The aim here was to assess the association between GSTM1/T1 null polymorphisms and the susceptibility to vitiligo in a larger sample of Egyptian patients with generalized vitiligo. This study included 122 vitiligo patients and 200 healthy controls that were age, and gender matched. Assessment of GSTM1/T1 gene polymorphisms was done using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Increased odds of generalized vitiligo was observed with the null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms (Pvitiligo (OR=2.97, 95%CI=1.1-7.7) (P=0.02) compared with patients. Small sample size of patients. This study showed a significant trend towards an association with the combination of the GSTM1/GSTT1 double null polymorphism and generalized vitiligo. Individuals with GSTM1 null/GSTT1+ heterozygosis have a 2.97 odds protection from having generalized vitiligo compared with patients. It was is the first time, to our knowledge, that such an association has been reported.

  13. The lectin domain of UDP-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-T4 directs its glycopeptide specificities

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hassan, H; Reis, C A; Bennett, E P

    2000-01-01

    The initiation step of mucin-type O-glycosylation is controlled by a large family of homologous UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-transferases). Differences in kinetic properties, substrate specificities, and expression patterns of these isoenzymes provide for diff...

  14. SIKLODEKSTRIN GLIKOSIL TRANSFERASE DAN PEMANFAATANNYA DALAM INDUSTRI [Cyclodextrin Glycosyl Transferase and its application in industries

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Budiasih Wahyuntari

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGT-ase is mainly produced by Bacilli. Systematical name of the enzyme is E.C. 2.4.1.19 a-1,4 glucan-4-glycosyl transferase. The enzyme catalyzes hydrolysis of starch intramolecular, and intermolecular transglycosylation of a-1,4, glucan chains. Cyclodextrins are a-1,4 linked cyclic oligosaccharides resulting from enzymatic degradation of starch by cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase through untramolecular transglycosylation. The major cyclodextrins are made up of 6, 7 and 8 glucopyranose units which are known as a-, b-, and y-cyclodextrin. All CGT-ase catalyze three kinds of cyclodextrins, the proportion of the cyclodextrins depends on the enzyme source and reaction conditions. The intermolecular transglycosylation ability of the enzyme has been applied in transfering glycosyl residues into suitable acceptor. Transglycosylation by the enzymes have been tested to improve solubility of some flavonoids and to favor precipitation ci some glycosides.

  15. Elevated gamma glutamyl transferase levels are associated with the location of acute pulmonary embolism. Cross-sectional evaluation in hospital setting

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ozge Korkmaz

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The location of embolism is associated with clinical findings and disease severity in cases of acute pulmonary embolism. The level of gamma-glutamyl transferase increases under oxidative stress-related conditions. In this study, we investigated whether gamma-glutamyl transferase levels could predict the location of pulmonary embolism. DESIGN AND SETTING: Hospital-based cross-sectional study at Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. METHODS : 120 patients who were diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism through computed tomography-assisted pulmonary angiography were evaluated. They were divided into two main groups (proximally and distally located, and subsequently into subgroups according to thrombus localization as follows: first group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery; n = 9; second group (thrombus in main pulmonary artery branches; n = 71; third group (thrombus in pulmonary artery segmental branches; n = 34; and fourth group (thrombus in pulmonary artery subsegmental branches; n = 8. RESULTS : Gamma-glutamyl transferase levels on admission, heart rate, oxygen saturation, right ventricular dilatation/hypokinesia, pulmonary artery systolic pressure and cardiopulmonary resuscitation requirement showed prognostic significance in univariate analysis. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that gamma-glutamyl transferase level on admission (odds ratio, OR = 1.044; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.011-1.079; P = 0.009 and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (OR = 1.063; 95% CI: 1.005-1.124; P = 0.033 remained independently associated with proximally localized thrombus in pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS : The findings revealed a significant association between increased existing embolism load in the pulmonary artery and increased serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels.

  16. Copy number variation in glutathione-S-transferase T1 and M1 predicts incidence and 5-year survival from prostate and bladder cancer, and incidence of corpus uteri cancer in the general population

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Nørskov, M S; Frikke-Schmidt, R; Bojesen, S E

    2011-01-01

    Glutathione-S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) and GSTM1 detoxify carcinogens and thus potentially contribute to inter-individual susceptibility to cancer. We determined the ability of GST copy number variation (CNV) to predict the risk of cancer in the general population. Exact copy numbers of GSTT1 and G...

  17. The metabolism of Tay-Sachs ganglioside: catabolic studies with lysosomal enzymes from normal and Tay-Sachs brain tissue

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tallman, John F.; Johnson, William G.; Brady, Roscoe O.

    1972-01-01

    The catabolism of Tay-Sachs ganglioside, N-acetylgalactosaminyl- (N-acetylneuraminosyl) -galactosylglucosylceramide, has been studied in lysosomal preparations from normal human brain and brain obtained at biopsy from Tay-Sachs patients. Utilizing Tay-Sachs ganglioside labeled with 14C in the N-acetylgalactosaminyl portion or 3H in the N-acetylneuraminosyl portion, the catabolism of Tay-Sachs ganglioside may be initiated by either the removal of the molecule of N-acetylgalactosamine or N-acetylneuraminic acid. The activity of the N-acetylgalactosamine-cleaving enzyme (hexosaminidase) is drastically diminished in such preparations from Tay-Sachs brain whereas the activity of the N-acetylneuraminic acid-cleaving enzyme (neuraminidase) is at a normal level. Total hexosaminidase activity as measured with an artificial fluorogenic substrate is increased in tissues obtained from patients with the B variant form of Tay-Sachs disease and it is virtually absent in the O-variant patients. The addition of purified neuraminidase and various purified hexosaminidases exerted only a minimal synergistic effect on the hydrolysis of Tay-Sachs ganglioside in the lysosomal preparations from the control or patient with the O variant of Tay-Sachs disease. Images PMID:4639018

  18. The pleuromutilin drugs tiamulin and valnemulin bind to the RNA at the peptidyl transferase centre on the ribosome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Poulsen, S M; Karlsson, M; Johansson, L B; Vester, B

    2001-09-01

    The pleuromutilin antibiotic derivatives, tiamulin and valnemulin, inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. The action and binding site of tiamulin and valnemulin was further characterized on Escherichia coli ribosomes. It was revealed that these drugs are strong inhibitors of peptidyl transferase and interact with domain V of 23S RNA, giving clear chemical footprints at nucleotides A2058-9, U2506 and U2584-5. Most of these nucleotides are highly conserved phylogenetically and functionally important, and all of them are at or near the peptidyl transferase centre and have been associated with binding of several antibiotics. Competitive footprinting shows that tiamulin and valnemulin can bind concurrently with the macrolide erythromycin but compete with the macrolide carbomycin, which is a peptidyl transferase inhibitor. We infer from these and previous results that tiamulin and valnemulin interact with the rRNA in the peptidyl transferase slot on the ribosomes in which they prevent the correct positioning of the CCA-ends of tRNAs for peptide transfer.

  19. Cooperation of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase with DNA polymerase α in the replication of ultraviolet-irradiated DNA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yoshida, S.; Masaki, S.; Nakamura, H.; Morita, T.

    1981-01-01

    The amount of DNA synthesis in vitro with the ultraviolet-irradiated poly(dT).oligo(rA) template initiators catalysed by DNA polymerase α (Masaki, S. and Yoshida, S., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 521, 74-88) decreased with the dose of ultraviolet-irradiation. The ultraviolet irradiation to the template, however, did not affect the rate of incorporation of incorrect deoxynucleotides into the newly synthesized poly(dA). The addition of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to this system enhanced the DNA synthesis to a level which is comparable to that of the control and it concomitantly increased the incorporation of the mismatched deoxynucleotide into the newly synthesized poly(dA) strands. On the other hand, with an unirradiated template initiator, the misincorporation was only slightly enhanced by the addition of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The sizes of newly synthesized DNA measured by the sedimentation velocities were found to be smaller with the ultraviolet-irradiated templates but they increased to the control level with the addition of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to the systems. These results suggest that terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase can help DNA polymerase α to bypass thymine dimers in vitro by the formation of mismatched regions at the positions opposite to pyrimidine dimers on the template. (Auth.)

  20. Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation and farnesylation protects against graft-versus-host disease via effects on CD4 effector T cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hechinger, Anne-Kathrin; Maas, Kristina; Dürr, Christoph; Leonhardt, Franziska; Prinz, Gabriele; Marks, Reinhard; Gerlach, Ulrike; Hofmann, Maike; Fisch, Paul; Finke, Jürgen; Pircher, Hanspeter; Zeiser, Robert

    2013-01-01

    Despite advances in immunosuppressive regimens, acute graft-versus-host disease remains a frequent complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Pathogenic donor T cells are dependent on correct attachment of small GTPases to the cell membrane, mediated by farnesyl- or geranylgeranyl residues, which, therefore, constitute potential targets for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. A mouse model was used to study the impact of a farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and a geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor on acute graft-versus-host disease, anti-cytomegalovirus T-cell responses and graft-versus-leukemia activity. Treatment of mice undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor reduced the histological severity of graft-versus-host disease and prolonged survival significantly. Mechanistically, farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor treatment resulted in reduced alloantigen-driven expansion of CD4 T cells. In vivo treatment led to increased thymic cellularity and polyclonality of the T-cell receptor repertoire by reducing thymic graft-versus-host disease. These effects were absent when squalene production was blocked. The farnesyl-transferase inhibitor and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitor did not compromise CD8 function against leukemia cells or reconstitution of T cells that were subsequently responsible for anti-murine cytomegalovirus responses. In summary, we observed an immunomodulatory effect of inhibitors of farnesyl-transferase and geranylgeranyl-transferase on graft-versus-host disease, with enhanced functional immune reconstitution. In the light of the modest toxicity of farnesyl-transferase inhibitors such as tipifarnib in patients and the potent reduction of graft-versus-host disease in mice, farnesyl-transferase and geranylgeranyl-transferase inhibitors could help to reduce graft-versus-host disease significantly without

  1. 21 CFR 862.1030 - Alanine amino transferase (ALT/SGPT) test system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Alanine amino transferase (ALT/SGPT) test system... Test Systems § 862.1030 Alanine amino transferase (ALT/SGPT) test system. (a) Identification. An alanine amino transferase (ALT/SGPT) test system is a device intended to measure the activity of the...

  2. Labeling of the retina and optic tectum gangliosides and glycoproteins of chickens in darkness or exposed to light

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Caputto, R.

    1984-01-01

    Chickens that received an intraocular injection of 3 H-ManNAc and were exposed to light had more labeled gangliosides in the retina ganglion cell layer and in the contralateral optic tectum than similarly treated animals that remained in darkness. The effect is not due to the turning on or off of the light. The sialyl groups of sialoglycoproteins showed similar effect but the labeling of proteins in chickens that received 3 H-proline did not show significant differences. So far the effect has been obtained only with retina linked to the optic tectum through the optic nerve. If the nerve is severed the effect disappears. The gangliosides GD1a and GT1 are powerful inhibitors of the GM3-N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase. The main effect of those gangliosides is expressed when they are linked to the membranes containing the enzyme in such a form that they are not released by washing with water. The hypothesis is advanced that the utilization of gangliosides in the nerve ending during the interneuronal transmission produces a small decrease in their concentration that in turn is transmitted backwards to the neuronal perikarya where it accelerates the synthesis of new gangliosides

  3. Evaluation of glutathione S-transferase T1 deletion polymorphism on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran

    Science.gov (United States)

    Afrand, Mohammadhosain; Khalilzadeh, Saeedhossein; Bashardoost, Nasrollah; Sheikhha, Mohammad Hasan

    2015-01-01

    Background: There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1) and the risk of the development of DM in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study in which GSTT1 polymorphism was genotyped in 51 randomly selected DM patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls among Zoroastrian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70. Results: The frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 72% and 28%, respectively, in control samples, while in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 27.5% and 72.5%, respectively. There were higher levels of triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Urea, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in cases of GSTT1 null genotype compared to the GSTT1 present genotype in controls. Conclusions: Our results indicated that healthy subjects had a higher frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype than patients with T2DM. However, we observed no significant association between the GSTT1 null genotype and T2DM in the current study. PMID:25593839

  4. Correlation between serum and peritoneal fluid glutathione S-transferases T1 concentration with different stages of endometriosis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sohail Mashayekhi

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available Endometriosis is a gynecological disease defined by the histological presence of endometrial glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. Ectopic endometrial cell proliferation and chronic inflammation in endometriosis were shown to be associated with oxidative stress (OS induction. OS is a condition in which reactive oxygen species (ROS overproduction and antioxidant deficiency cause a shift in oxidant/antioxidant balance. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs comprise a family of eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolic isozymes best known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH to xenobiotic substrates for the purpose of detoxification. The aim of this project was to study the concentrations of GSTT1 in the serum and peritoneal fluid (PF of patients with different stages of endometriosis. Frothy two PF and serum from normal and 152 from different stages of patients with endometriosis (stage I: n = 30, stage II: n = 39, stage III: n = 43 and stage IV: n = 40 were included in this study. The level of GSTT1 in the serum was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA. The results showed the presence of GSTT1 in all serum and peritoneal fluid samples, while, starting from stages I to IV endometriosis, a significant decrease in GSTT1 concentration was seen as compared to controls. It is concluded that levels of GSTT1 is negatively correlated with advanced stages of endometriosis. It is also suggested that the detection of serum and/or peritoneal fluid GSTT1 concentration may be valuable in the classifying of endometriosis.

  5. Genetic polymorphisms of glutathione-s-transferase M1 and T1 genes with risk of diabetic retinopathy in Iranian population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elham Moasser

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Objective(s:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the contributions of GST genetic variants to the risk of diabetic retinopathy in an Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether sequence variation in glutathione S-transferase gene (GSTM1 and GSTT1 is associated with development of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 605 subjects were investigated in this case-control study; Study groups consisted of 201 patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR, 203 subjects with no clinically significant signs of DR and a group of 201 cases of healthy volunteers with no clinical evidence of diabetes mellitus or any other diseases. The GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped by multiplex-polymerase chain reaction (multiplex-PCR analysis in all 404 T2DM patients and 201 healthy individuals served as control. Results: Increased odds ratio showed that GSTM1-null genotype had a moderately higher occurrence in T2DM patients (OR=1.43, 95% CI=1.01–2.04; P=0.03 than in healthy individuals. However, the frequency of GSTT1 genotype (OR=1.41; 95% CI=0.92-2.18; P=0.09 was not significantly different comparing both groups. Although, regression analysis in T2DM patients showed that GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes are not associated with T2DM retinopathy development. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes might not be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus retinopathy in the Southern Iranian population. However, further investigations are needed to confirm these results in other larger populations.

  6. O-Glycosylation Modulates Proprotein Convertase Activation of Angiopoietin-like Protein 3: POSSIBLE ROLE OF POLYPEPTIDE GalNAc-TRANSFERASE-2 IN REGULATION OF CONCENTRATIONS OF PLASMA LIPIDS

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Schjoldager, Katrine Ter-Borch Gram; Vester-Christensen, Malene B; Bennett, Eric Paul

    2010-01-01

    immediately C-terminal (TT(226)). We developed an in vivo model system in CHO ldlD cells that was used to show that O-glycosylation in the processing site blocked processing of ANGPTL3. Genome-wide SNP association studies have identified the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase gene, GALNT2, as a candidate gene...... for low HDL and high triglyceride blood levels. We hypothesized that the GalNAc-T2 transferase performed critical O-glycosylation of proteins involved in lipid metabolism. Screening of a panel of proteins known to affect lipid metabolism for potential sites glycosylated by GalNAc-T2 led to identification...

  7. Functional analysis and localisation of a delta-class glutathione S-transferase from Sarcoptes scabiei.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pettersson, Eva U; Ljunggren, Erland L; Morrison, David A; Mattsson, Jens G

    2005-01-01

    The mite Sarcoptes scabiei causes sarcoptic mange, or scabies, a disease that affects both animals and humans worldwide. Our interest in S. scabiei led us to further characterise a glutathione S-transferase. This multifunctional enzyme is a target for vaccine and drug development in several parasitic diseases. The S. scabiei glutathione S-transferase open reading frame reported here is 684 nucleotides long and yields a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 26 kDa. Through phylogenetic analysis the enzyme was classified as a delta-class glutathione S-transferase, and our paper is the first to report that delta-class glutathione S-transferases occur in organisms other than insects. The recombinant S. scabiei glutathione S-transferase was expressed in Escherichia coli via three different constructs and purified for biochemical analysis. The S. scabiei glutathione S-transferase was active towards the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, though the positioning of fusion partners influenced the kinetic activity of the enzyme. Polyclonal antibodies raised against S. scabiei glutathione S-transferase specifically localised the enzyme to the integument of the epidermis and cavities surrounding internal organs in adult parasites. However, some minor staining of parasite intestines was observed. No staining was seen in host tissues, nor could we detect any antibody response against S. scabiei glutathione S-transferase in sera from naturally S. scabiei infected dogs or pigs. Additionally, the polyclonal sera raised against recombinant S. scabiei glutathione S-transferase readily detected a protein from mites, corresponding to the predicted size of native glutathione S-transferase.

  8. The pleuromutilin drugs tiamulin and valnemulin bind to the RNA at the peptidyl transferase centre on the ribosome

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Poulsen, S M; Karlsson, M; Johansson, L B

    2001-01-01

    The pleuromutilin antibiotic derivatives, tiamulin and valnemulin, inhibit protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. The action and binding site of tiamulin and valnemulin was further characterized on Escherichia coli ribosomes. It was revealed that these drugs...... centre and have been associated with binding of several antibiotics. Competitive footprinting shows that tiamulin and valnemulin can bind concurrently with the macrolide erythromycin but compete with the macrolide carbomycin, which is a peptidyl transferase inhibitor. We infer from these and previous...... results that tiamulin and valnemulin interact with the rRNA in the peptidyl transferase slot on the ribosomes in which they prevent the correct positioning of the CCA-ends of tRNAs for peptide transfer....

  9. Carnitine palmityl transferase I deficiency

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Al-Aqeel, A. I.; Rashed, M. S.; Ruiter, J. P.; Al-Husseini, H. F.; Al-Amoudi, M. S.; Wanders, R. J.

    2001-01-01

    Carnitine palmityl transferase I is the key enzyme in the carnitine dependent transport of long chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial inner membrane and its deficiency results in a decrease rate of fatty acids beta-oxidation with decreased energy production. We reported a family of 3 affected

  10. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase in the diagnosis of leukemia and malignant lymphoma.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kung, P C; Long, J C; McCaffrey, R P; Ratliff, R L; Harrison, T A; Baltimore, D

    1978-05-01

    Neoplastic cells from 253 patients with leukemia and 46 patients with malignant lymphoma were studied for the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) by biochemical and fluorescent antibody technics. TdT was detected in circulating blast cells from 73 of 77 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 24 of 72 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia examined during the blastic phase of the disorder and in cell suspensions of lymph nodes from nine of nine patients with diffuse lymphoblastic lymphoma. Blast cells from six of 10 patients with acute undifferentiated leukemia were TdT positive, but the enzyme was found in only two of 55 patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia. TdT was not detected in other lymphocytic or granulocytic leukemias or in other types of malignant lymphomas. The fluorescent antibody assay for TdT permits rapid and specific identification of the enzyme in single cells. The TdT assay is clinically useful in confirming the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, evaluating patients with blastic chronic myelogenous leukemia, and distinguishing patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma, whose natural history includes rapid extranodal dissemination, from patients with other poorly differentiated malignant lymphomas.

  11. T Cell Reactivity against Mycolyl Transferase Antigen 85 of M. tuberculosis in HIV-TB Coinfected Subjects and in AIDS Patients Suffering from Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pascal Launois

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available The mycolyl transferase antigen 85 complex is a major secreted protein family from mycobacterial culture filtrate, demonstrating powerful T cell stimulatory properties in most HIV-negative, tuberculin-positive volunteers with latent M.tuberculosis infection and only weak responses in HIV-negative tuberculosis patients. Here, we have analyzed T cell reactivity against PPD and Ag85 in HIV-infected individuals, without or with clinical symptoms of tuberculosis, and in AIDS patients with disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Whereas responses to PPD were not significantly different in HIV-negative and HIV-positive tuberculin-positive volunteers, responses to Ag85 were significantly decreased in the HIV-positive (CDC-A and CDC-B group. Tuberculosis patients demonstrated low T cell reactivity against Ag85, irrespective of HIV infection, and finally AIDS patients suffering from NTM infections were completely nonreactive to Ag85. A one-year follow-up of twelve HIV-positive tuberculin-positive individuals indicated a decreased reactivity against Ag85 in patients developing clinical tuberculosis, highlighting the protective potential of this antigen.

  12. Structures of a putative ζ-class glutathione S-transferase from the pathogenic fungus Coccidioides immitis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Edwards, Thomas E.; Bryan, Cassie M.; Leibly, David J.; Dieterich, Shellie H.; Abendroth, Jan; Sankaran, Banumathi; Sivam, Dhileep; Staker, Bart L.; Van Voorhis, Wesley C.; Myler, Peter J.; Stewart, Lance J.

    2011-01-01

    The pathogenic fungus C. immitis causes coccidioidomycosis, a potentially fatal disease. Here, apo and glutathione-bound crystal structures of a previously uncharacterized protein from C. immitis that appears to be a ζ-class glutathione S-transferase are presented. Coccidioides immitis is a pathogenic fungus populating the southwestern United States and is a causative agent of coccidioidomycosis, sometimes referred to as Valley Fever. Although the genome of this fungus has been sequenced, many operons are not properly annotated. Crystal structures are presented for a putative uncharacterized protein that shares sequence similarity with ζ-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in both apo and glutathione-bound forms. The apo structure reveals a nonsymmetric homodimer with each protomer comprising two subdomains: a C-terminal helical domain and an N-terminal thioredoxin-like domain that is common to all GSTs. Half-site binding is observed in the glutathione-bound form. Considerable movement of some components of the active site relative to the glutathione-free form was observed, indicating an induced-fit mechanism for cofactor binding. The sequence homology, structure and half-site occupancy imply that the protein is a ζ-class glutathione S-transferase, a maleylacetoacetate isomerase (MAAI)

  13. Survival of T4aN0 and T3N+ laryngeal cancer patients: a retrospective institutional study and systematic review.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khoueir, Nadim; Matar, Nayla; Farah, Chadi; Francis, Evana; Tabchy, Bassam; Haddad, Amine

    2015-01-01

    We aim to assess the correlation of tumor and nodal staging to survival in pT3N+ and T4aN0 laryngeal cancer with subgroup analysis within stage IVa (pT4N0 and pT3N2). Retrospective cohort study with systematic review of the literature. Hotel Dieu de France University Hospital (tertiary referral center). Laryngeal cancer patients' registries were reviewed from 1998 to 2012 selecting pT3N+ and pT4aN0 patients treated by primary total layngectomy. Overall survivals were compared using Log rank and Kaplan-Meier analysis. A systematic review was performed by 2 reviewers including all the articles reporting the outcome of these categories of patients. Online databases, including PubMed and EMBASE, were used. Reference sections of identified studies were examined for additional articles. Thirteen T3N+ patients and 19 T4aN0 patients treated by primary total laryngectomy were included. Five-year overall survival for T3N+, T3N2 and T4aN0 was respectively 33%, 32.1% and 73.7%. Due to the small sample, the difference was not significant. The systematic review revealed three articles reporting overall survival outcome for the T4N0 group and 6 articles for the T3N+. At 5years, the survival ranged from 62.5% to 73% in T4N0 and from 32.2% to 77% in T3N+. In advanced stage laryngeal cancer, T4aN0 tends toward a better survival than T3N+ especially when compared to T3N2 although they are grouped in the same TNM stage IVa. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Interactions of polyomavirus middle T with the SH2 domains of the pp85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.

    OpenAIRE

    Yoakim, M; Hou, W; Liu, Y; Carpenter, C L; Kapeller, R; Schaffhausen, B S

    1992-01-01

    The binding of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase to the polyomavirus middle T antigen is facilitated by tyrosine phosphorylation of middle T on residue 315. The pp85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase contains two SH2 domains, one in the middle of the molecule and one at the C terminus. When assayed by blotting with phosphorylated middle T, the more N-terminal SH2 domain is responsible for binding to middle T. When assayed in solution with glutathione S transferase fusions, both SH2s are ca...

  15. The interdomain flexible linker of the polypeptide GalNAc transferases dictates their long-range glycosylation preferences

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rivas, Matilde De Las; Lira-Navarrete, Erandi; Daniel, Earnest James Paul

    2017-01-01

    The polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts), that initiate mucin-type O-glycosylation, consist of a catalytic and a lectin domain connected by a flexible linker. In addition to recognizing polypeptide sequence, the GalNAc-Ts exhibit unique long-range N- A nd/or C-terminal prior glycosylation ...

  16. The role of the glutathione S-transferase genes GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 in acetaminophen-poisoned patients

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Buchard, Anders; Eefsen, Martin; Semb, Synne

    2012-01-01

    The aim of this study was to assess if genetic variants in the glutathione-S-transferase genes GST-T1, M1, and P1 reflect risk factors in acetaminophen (APAP)-poisoned patients assessed by investigation of the relation to prothrombin time (PT), which is a sensitive marker of survival in these pat...

  17. Association of glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1, T1 and P1 gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in north Indian population

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bid H

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS and a reduction in antioxidant defense. The oxidative stress becomes evident as a result of accumulation of ROS in conditions of inflammation and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM. The genes involved in redox balance, which determines the susceptibility to T2DM remain unclear. In humans, the glutathione S-transferase (GST family comprises several classes of GST isozymes, the polymorphic variants of GSTM1, T1 and P1 genes result in decreased or loss of enzyme activity. Aims: The present study evaluated the effect of genetic polymorphisms of the GST gene family on the risk of developing T2DM in the North Indian population. Settings and Design: GSTM1, T1 and P1 polymorphisms were genotyped in 100 T2DM patients and 200 healthy controls from North India to analyze their association with T2DM susceptibility. Materials and Methods: Analysis of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR and GSTP1 by PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP. Statistical Analysis: Fisher′s exact test and χ2 statistics using SPSS software (Version-15.0. Results: We observed significant association of GSTM1 null (P=0.004, OR= 2.042, 95%CI= 1.254-3.325 and GSTP1 (I/V (P=0.001, OR= 0.397, 95%CI=0.225-0.701 with T2DM and no significant association with GSTT1 (P=0.493. The combined analysis of the three genotypes GSTM1 null, T1 present and P1 (I/I demonstrated an increase in T2DM risk (P= 0.005, OR= 2.431 95% CI=1.315-4.496. Conclusions: This is the first study showing the association of a combined effect of GSTM1, T1 and P1 genotypes in a representative cohort of Indian patients with T2DM. Since significant association was seen in GSTM1 null and GSTP1 (I/V and multiple association in GSTM1 null, T1 present and P1 (I/I, these polymorphisms can be screened in the population to determine the diabetic risk.

  18. The TCA cycle transferase DLST is important for MYC-mediated leukemogenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anderson, N M; Li, D; Peng, H L; Laroche, F J F; Mansour, M R; Gjini, E; Aioub, M; Helman, D J; Roderick, J E; Cheng, T; Harrold, I; Samaha, Y; Meng, L; Amsterdam, A; Neuberg, D S; Denton, T T; Sanda, T; Kelliher, M A; Singh, A; Look, A T; Feng, H

    2016-06-01

    Despite the pivotal role of MYC in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and many other cancers, the mechanisms underlying MYC-mediated tumorigenesis remain inadequately understood. Here we utilized a well-characterized zebrafish model of Myc-induced T-ALL for genetic studies to identify novel genes contributing to disease onset. We found that heterozygous inactivation of a tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase (Dlst), significantly delayed tumor onset in zebrafish without detectable effects on fish development. DLST is the E2 transferase of the α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) dehydrogenase complex (KGDHC), which converts α-KG to succinyl-CoA in the TCA cycle. RNAi knockdown of DLST led to decreased cell viability and induction of apoptosis in human T-ALL cell lines. Polar metabolomics profiling revealed that the TCA cycle was disrupted by DLST knockdown in human T-ALL cells, as demonstrated by an accumulation of α-KG and a decrease of succinyl-CoA. Addition of succinate, the downstream TCA cycle intermediate, to human T-ALL cells was sufficient to rescue defects in cell viability caused by DLST inactivation. Together, our studies uncovered an important role for DLST in MYC-mediated leukemogenesis and demonstrated the metabolic dependence of T-lymphoblasts on the TCA cycle, thus providing implications for targeted therapy.

  19. Madumycin II inhibits peptide bond formation by forcing the peptidyl transferase center into an inactive state

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Osterman, Ilya A.; Khabibullina, Nelli F.; Komarova, Ekaterina S.; Kasatsky, Pavel; Kartsev, Victor G.; Bogdanov, Alexey A.; Dontsova, Olga A.; Konevega, Andrey L.; Sergiev, Petr V.; Polikanov, Yury S. (InterBioScreen); (UIC); (MSU-Russia); (Kurchatov)

    2017-05-13

    The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria is limiting the effectiveness of commonly used antibiotics, which spurs a renewed interest in revisiting older and poorly studied drugs. Streptogramins A is a class of protein synthesis inhibitors that target the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) on the large subunit of the ribosome. In this work, we have revealed the mode of action of the PTC inhibitor madumycin II, an alanine-containing streptogramin A antibiotic, in the context of a functional 70S ribosome containing tRNA substrates. Madumycin II inhibits the ribosome prior to the first cycle of peptide bond formation. It allows binding of the tRNAs to the ribosomal A and P sites, but prevents correct positioning of their CCA-ends into the PTC thus making peptide bond formation impossible. We also revealed a previously unseen drug-induced rearrangement of nucleotides U2506 and U2585 of the 23S rRNA resulting in the formation of the U2506•G2583 wobble pair that was attributed to a catalytically inactive state of the PTC. The structural and biochemical data reported here expand our knowledge on the fundamental mechanisms by which peptidyl transferase inhibitors modulate the catalytic activity of the ribosome.

  20. Role of household exposure, dietary habits and glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms in susceptibility to lung cancer among women in Mizoram India.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Phukan, Rup Kumar; Saikia, Bhaskar Jyoti; Borah, Prasanta Kumar; Zomawia, Eric; Sekhon, Gaganpreet Singh; Mahanta, Jagadish

    2014-01-01

    A case-control study was conducted to evaluate the effect of household exposure, dietary habits, smoking and Glutathione S-Transferases M1, T1 polymorphisms on lung cancer among women in Mizoram, India. We selected 230 newly diagnosed primary lung cases and 460 controls from women in Mizoram. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate adjusted odds ratio (OR). Exposure of cooking oil fumes (pkitchen inside living room (p=0.001), improper ventilated house (p=0.003), roasting of soda in kitchen (p=0.001), current smokers of tobacco (p=0.043), intake of smoked fish (p=0.006), smoked meat (p=0.001), Soda (poil emission and wood smoke, intake of smoked meat, smoked fish and soda (an alkali preparation used as food additives in Mizoram) and tobacco consumption for increase risk of lung cancer among Women in Mizoram.

  1. The lectin domains of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases exhibit carbohydrate-binding specificity for GalNAc: lectin binding to GalNAc-glycopeptide substrates is required for high density GalNAc-O-glycosylation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wandall, Hans H; Irazoqui, Fernando; Tarp, Mads Agervig

    2007-01-01

    Initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation is controlled by a large family of UDP GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (GalNAc-transferases). Most GalNAc-transferases contain a ricin-like lectin domain in the C-terminal end, which may confer GalNAc-glycopeptide substrate specificit...

  2. Construcción e inspección de túneles

    OpenAIRE

    Molinero Gómez, Sandra

    2017-01-01

    En el presente trabajo final de grado se abordan los temas principales de la construcción e inspección de túneles, haciendo un barrido histórico desde las primeras técnicas empleadas hasta la actualidad. Siempre ha existido una incertidumbre extra en obras subterráneas respecto a otro tipo de obras civiles, por desconocimiento del terreno. Esta ha propiciado la aparición de nuevos métodos de estudios preliminares como de técnicas, material a emplear etc para disminuir este r...

  3. Association of N-acetyltransferase-2 and glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms with idiopathic male infertility in Vietnam male subjects.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Trang, Nguyen Thi; Huyen, Vu Thi; Tuan, Nguyen Thanh; Phan, Tran Duc

    2018-04-25

    N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) and Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are phase-II xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes participating in detoxification of toxic arylamines, aromatic amines, hydrazines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced under oxidative and electrophile stresses. The purpose of this research was to investigate whether two common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of NAT2 (rs1799929, rs1799930) and GSTP1 (rs1138272, rs1695) associated with susceptibility to idiopathic male infertility. A total 300 DNA samples (150 infertile patients and 150 healthy control) were genotyped for the polymorphisms by ARMS - PCR. We revealed a significant association between the NAT2 variant genotypes (CT + TT (rs1799929), (OR: 3.74; p male infertility in subjects from Vietnam. This pilot study is the first (as far as we know) to reveal that polymorphisms of NAT2 (rs1799929, rs1799930) and GSTP1 (rs1138272, rs1695) are some novel genetic markers for susceptibility to idiopathic male infertility. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Dynamic interplay between catalytic and lectin domains of GalNAc-transferases modulates protein O-glycosylation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lira-Navarrete, Erandi; de Las Rivas, Matilde; Compañón, Ismael

    2015-01-01

    the first crystal structures of complexes of GalNAc-T2 with glycopeptides that together with enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate a cooperative mechanism by which the lectin domain enables free acceptor sites binding of glycopeptides into the catalytic domain. Atomic force microscopy......Protein O-glycosylation is controlled by polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) that uniquely feature both a catalytic and lectin domain. The underlying molecular basis of how the lectin domains of GalNAc-Ts contribute to glycopeptide specificity and catalysis remains unclear. Here we present...... and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments further reveal a dynamic conformational landscape of GalNAc-T2 and a prominent role of compact structures that are both required for efficient catalysis. Our model indicates that the activity profile of GalNAc-T2 is dictated by conformational heterogeneity...

  5. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity in the regenerating thymus of X-irradiated mice

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Daculsi, R.; Astier, T.; Legrand, E.; Duplan, J.F.

    1982-01-01

    The distribution of terminal deoyxnucleotidyl transferase (TdT) enzyme activity (EU per 10 8 cells) between peaks I and II was followed for a period of 42 days in regenerating thymus of lethally irradiated (9 Gy) C3H mice restored with 10 6 (C3H x AKR) F1 bone marrow cells. The detection of Thy-1.1 and Thy-1.2 surface antigens allowed for the discrimination between host and donor cells, and the main subpopulations of thymic cells were characterized by their sensitivity to H-2sup(k) antiserum and to dexamethazone. Two peaks of TdT activity could be detected on phosphocellulose chromatographic separation. The distribution of TdT activity between these two peaks was followed during the two periods of thymic endo- and exoregeneration. Peak I TdT activity was closely correlated with the variation in the percentage of the high H-2 population. Peak II activity was mostly related to low H-2 cells. The per cell content of both peak I and peak II activities exceeded the norm in rapidly expanding populations. Finally between days 10 and 14 the TdT activity of the endoregenerating population was apparently not different from that of the exoregenerating population between days 14 and 22. (Auth.)

  6. T N Avinash

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Home; Journals; Resonance – Journal of Science Education. T N Avinash. Articles written in Resonance – Journal of Science Education. Volume 7 Issue 2 February 2002 pp 33-45 General Article. Untangling the Mystery of Alzheimer's Disease - Understanding Molecular Mechanisms for Novel Therapeutic Approaches.

  7. Expression of an enzymatically active Yb3 glutathione S-transferase in Escherichia coli and identification of its natural form in rat brain.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abramovitz, M; Ishigaki, S; Felix, A M; Listowsky, I

    1988-11-25

    Glutathione S-transferases containing Yb3 subunits are relatively uncommon forms that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and have not been identified unequivocally or characterized. A cDNA clone containing the entire coding sequence of Yb3 glutathione S-transferase mRNA was incorporated into a pIN-III expression vector used to transform Escherichia coli. A fusion Yb3-protein containing 14 additional amino acid residues at its N terminus was purified to homogeneity. Recombinant Yb3 was enzymatically active with both 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene as substrates but lacked glutathione peroxidase activity. Substrate specificity patterns of recombinant Yb3 were more limited than those of glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes containing Yb1- or Yb2-type subunits. Peptides corresponding to unique amino acid sequences of Yb3 as well as a peptide from a region of homology with Yb1 and Yb2 subunits were synthesized. These synthetic peptides were used to raise antibodies specific to Yb3 and others that cross-reacted with all Yb forms. Immunoblotting was utilized to identify the natural counterpart of recombinant Yb3 among rat glutathione transferases. Brain and testis glutathione S-transferases were rich in Yb3 subunits, but very little was found in liver or kidney. Physical properties, substrate specificities, and binding patterns of the recombinant protein paralleled properties of the natural isoenzyme isolated from brain.

  8. The association between glutathione S-transferase P1 ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Mahmoud I. Mahmoud

    2011-08-10

    Aug 10, 2011 ... B-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and response to salmeterol. Am J Respir Crit Care ... transferase Pi locus and association with susceptibility to bladder, testicular and prostate cancer. Carcinogenesis 1997;18(4):641–4.

  9. Two pear glutathione S-transferases genes are regulated during fruit development and involved in response to salicylic acid, auxin, and glucose signaling.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hai-Yan Shi

    Full Text Available Two genes encoding putative glutathione S-transferase proteins were isolated from pear (Pyrus pyrifolia and designated PpGST1 and PpGST2. The deduced PpGST1 and PpGST2 proteins contain conserved Glutathione S-transferase N-terminal domain (GST_N and Glutathione S-transferase, C-terminal domain (GST_C. Using PCR amplification technique, the genomic clones corresponding to PpGST1 and PpGST2 were isolated and shown to contain two introns and a singal intron respectively with typical GT/AG boundaries defining the splice junctions. Phylogenetic analysis clearly demonstrated that PpGST1 belonged to Phi class of GST superfamilies and had high homology with apple MdGST, while PpGST2 was classified into the Tau class of GST superfamilies. The expression of PpGST1 and PpGST2 genes was developmentally regulated in fruit. Further study demonstrated that PpGST1 and PpGST2 expression was remarkably induced by glucose, salicylic acid (SA and indole-3-aceticacid (IAA treatments in pear fruit, and in diseased fruit. These data suggested that PpGST1 and PpGST2 might be involved in response to sugar, SA, and IAA signaling during fruit development of pear.

  10. Seraching for the ${5}H$ Resonance in the t+n+n System

    CERN Document Server

    Meister, M; Simon, H.; Aumann, T.; Borge, M.J.G.; Elze, Th.W.; Emling, H.; Geissel, H.; Hellstrom, M.; Jonson, B.; Kratz, J.V.; Kulessa, R.; Leifels, Y.; Markenroth, K.; Munzenberg, G.; Nickel, F.; Nilsson, T.; Nyman, G.; Pribora, V.; Richter, A.; Riisager, K.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schrieder, G.; Tengblad, O.

    2003-01-01

    The unbound hydrogen isotopes 4,5H have been studied in the one-proton knockout channel of 6He (240 MeV/u) impinging on a carbon target. The triton fragments originating from this channel were detected in coincidence with neutrons. Relative energy spectra as well as energy and angular correlations have been studied for the t+n and t+n+n systems. The analysis of the energy and angular correlations by the method of hyperspherical harmonic expansion allows to determine the relative weights of the most relevant partial waves in the three-body t+n+n final state. It is shown that the neutrons to a large extent occupy the p-shell and that the Iπ=1/2+ state is strongly populated as expected for the 5H ground state. No evidence for a narrow resonance in the t+n+n system is obtained, instead a broad structure peaked at 3 MeV above the threshold with about 6 MeV as a full width at half maximum is observed. The two-body t+n system reveals a resonance compatible with earlier results for 4H.

  11. Searching for the 5H resonance for the t+n+n system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meister, M.; Chulkov, L.V.; Simon, H.; Aumann, T.; Borge, M.J.G.; Elze, T.W.; Emling, H.; Geissel, H.; Hellstroem, M.; Jonson, B.; Kratz, J.V.; Kulessa, R.; Leifels, Y.; Markenroth, K.; Muenzenberg, G.; Nickel, F.; Nilsson, T.; Nyman, G.; Pribora, V.; Richter, A.; Riisager, K.; Scheidenberger, C.; Schrieder, G.; Tengblad, O.

    2003-04-01

    The unbound hydrogen isotopes 4,5 H have been studied in the one-proton knockout channel of 6 He (240 MeV/u) impinging on a carbon target. The triton fragments originating from this channel were detected in coincidence with neutrons. Relative energy spectra as well as energy and angular correlations have been studied for the t+n and t+n+n systems. The analysis of the energy and angular correlations by the method of hyperspherical harmonic expansion allows to determine the relative weights of the most relevant partial waves in the three-body t+n+n final state. It is shown that the neutrons to a large extent occupy the p-shell and that the I π = 1/2 + state is strongly populated as expected for the 5 H ground state. No evidence for a narrow resonance in the t+n+n system is obtained, instead a broad structure peaked at 3 MeV above the threshold with about 6 MeV as a full width at half maximum is observed. The two-body t+n system reveals a resonance compatible with earlier results for 4 H. (orig.)

  12. Purification of human hepatic glutathione S-transferases and the development of a radioimmunoassay for their measurement in plasma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hayes, J.D.; Gilligan, D.; Beckett, G.J.

    1983-01-01

    A purification scheme is described for six human hepatic glutathione S-transferases from a single liver. Five of the transferases comprised Ya monomers and had a molecular mass of 44000. The remaining enzyme comprised Yb monomers and had a molecular mass of 47000. Data are presented demonstrating that there are at least two distinct Ya monomers. A radioimmunoassay has been developed that has sufficient precision and sensitivity to allow direct measurement of glutathione S-transferase concentrations in unextracted plasma. A comparison of aminotransferase and glutathione S-transferase levels, in three patients who had taken a paracetamol overdose, indicated that glutathione S-transferase measurements provided a far more sensitive index of hepatocellular integrity than the more conventional aminotransferase measurements. (Auth.)

  13. Purification of human hepatic glutathione S-transferases and the development of a radioimmunoassay for their measurement in plasma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hayes, J.D.; Gilligan, D.; Beckett, G.J. (Edinburgh Univ. (UK). Dept. of Clinical Chemistry); Chapman, B.J. (Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh (UK))

    1983-10-31

    A purification scheme is described for six human hepatic glutathione S-transferases from a single liver. Five of the transferases comprised Ya monomers and had a molecular mass of 44000. The remaining enzyme comprised Yb monomers and had a molecular mass of 47000. Data are presented demonstrating that there are at least two distinct Ya monomers. A radioimmunoassay has been developed that has sufficient precision and sensitivity to allow direct measurement of glutathione S-transferase concentrations in unextracted plasma. A comparison of aminotransferase and glutathione S-transferase levels, in three patients who had taken a paracetamol overdose, indicated that glutathione S-transferase measurements provided a far more sensitive index of hepatocellular integrity than the more conventional aminotransferase measurements.

  14. Studies of (n,t) reactions on light nuclei

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Suhaimi, A.

    1988-04-01

    Cross Sections were measured with uncertainties of 13 to 21% for the reactions 9 Be(n,t)L 7 Li, 10 B(n,t)2α and 14 N(n,t) 12 C over various energy ranges. Irradiations were performed with thermal neutrons and neutrons produced via the reactions 2 H(d,n) 3 He and 9 Be(d,n) 10 B. The tritium produced and accumulated in the irradiated samples was separated by vacuum extraction and measured in the gas phase using anticoincidence β - counting. The residual tritium content was determined for the enriched 10 B and AlN samples. The characteristics of tritium diffusion in B 4 C were studied by high-temperature release experiments. The Li impurity in the AlN sample was determined via neutron activation analysis. The average 9 Be(n,t) 7 Li cross sections lie between 3 and 14 mb for break-up neutrons produced by 17.5 to 31.0 MeV deuterons on a thick Be target. A comparison of the measured data with the values deduced from differential data and neutron spectral distributions shows agreement within ± 21%. The 10 B(n,t)2α cross sections in the neutron energy range of 0.025 eV to 10.6 MeV lie between 12 and 215 mb (with the maximum at about 5.5 MeV). The 14 N(n,t) 12 C cross sections in the neutron energy range of 5.0 to 10.6 MeV lie between 11 and 30 mb. The excitation function shows a fluctuation which is attributed to the decay properties of the compound nucleus 15 N. Detailed Hauser-Feshbach calculations show that the statistical model cannot satisfactorily describe the (n,t) cross section on light nuclei. (orig.)

  15. O-GlcNAc site-mapping of liver X receptor-α and O-GlcNAc transferase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fan, Qiong; Moen, Anders; Anonsen, Jan Haug; Bindesbøll, Christian; Sæther, Thomas; Carlson, Cathrine Rein; Grønning-Wang, Line M

    2018-05-05

    The Liver X Receptor α (LXRα) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and plays an essential role in regulating cholesterol, lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammatory responses. We have previously shown that LXRα is post-translationally modified by O-linked β-N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) with increased transcriptional activity. Moreover, we showed that LXRα associates with O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in vitro and in vivo in mouse liver. In this study, we report that human LXRα is O-GlcNAc modified in its N-terminal domain (NTD) by identifying a specific O-GlcNAc site S49 and a novel O-GlcNAc modified peptide 20 LWKPGAQDASSQAQGGSSCILRE 42 . However, O-GlcNAc site-mutations did not modulate LXRα transactivation of selected target gene promoters in vitro. Peptide array and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that LXRα interacts with OGT in its NTD and ligand-binding domain (LBD) in a ligand-independent fashion. Moreover, we map two new O-GlcNAc sites in the longest OGT isoform (ncOGT): S437 in the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) 13 domain and T1043 in the far C-terminus, and a new O-GlcNAc modified peptide (amino acids 826-832) in the intervening region (Int-D) within the catalytic domain. We also map four new O-GlcNAc sites in the short isoform sOGT: S391, T393, S399 and S437 in the TPRs 11-13 domain. Future studies will reveal the biological role of identified O-GlcNAc sites in LXRα and OGT. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Epidermal growth factor regulation of glutathione S-transferase gene expression in the rat is mediated by class Pi glutathione S-transferase enhancer I.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matsumoto, M; Imagawa, M; Aoki, Y

    2000-07-01

    Using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays we showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) induce class Pi glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) in primary cultured rat liver parenchymal cells. GSTP1 enhancer I (GPEI), which is required for the stimulation of GSTP1 expression by PenCB, also mediates EGF and TGF alpha stimulation of GSTP1 gene expression. However, hepatocyte growth factor and insulin did not stimulate GPEI-mediated gene expression. On the other hand, the antioxidant reagents butylhydroxyanisole and t-butylhydroquinone, stimulated GPEI-mediated gene expression, but the level of GSTP1 mRNA was not elevated. Our observations suggest that EGF and TGF alpha induce GSTP1 by the same signal transduction pathway as PenCB. Since the sequence of GPEI is similar to that of the antioxidant responsive element (ARE), some factors which bind to ARE might play a role in GPEI-mediated gene expression.

  17. Presence of a Ca2+-sensitive CDPdiglyceride-inositol transferase in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kasinathan, C.; Kirchberger, M.A.

    1988-01-01

    Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and plasma membranes from canine left ventricle were used to evaluate the presence of the enzyme CDPdiglyceride-inositol transferase in these membranes. (K + ,-Ca 2+ )-ATPase activity, a marker for SR, was 79.2 +/- 5.0 (SE) and 11.2 +/- 2.0 μmol x mg -1 x h -1 in SR and plasma membrane preparations, respectively, and (Na + , K + )-ATPase activity, a marker for plasma membranes, was 5.6 +/- 1.2 and 99.2 +/- 8.0 μmol x mg -1 x h -1 , respectively. Contamination of SR and plasma membrane preparations by mitochondria was estimated to be 2% and 8%, respectively, and by Golgi membranes, 0.9% and 1.8%, respectively. The transferase activity detected in the plasma membrane preparation could be accounted for largely, but not entirely, by contaminating SR membranes. The pH optimum for the SR transferase activity was between 8.0 and 9.0. Ca 2+ inhibited the enzyme, half-maximal inhibition occurring at about 10 μM Ca 2+ . No loss of [ 3 H]PtdIns could be detected when membranes were incubated in the presence or absence of Ca 2+ . The Ca 2+ inhibition of the transferase was noncompetitive with respect to CDP-dipalmitin while that with respect to myo-inositol was slightly noncompetitive at low [Ca 2+ ] and became uncompetitive at higher [Ca 2+ ]. It is concluded that CDPdiglyceride-inositol transferase is present on SR membranes and is sensitive to micromolar Ca 2+ . The data are consistent with a putative role for the inhibition of the SR transferase by Ca 2+ and acidic pH in the protection of the SR against calcium overload in ischemic myocardium

  18. Insecticide resistance and glutathione S-transferases in mosquitoes ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Mosquito glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have received considerable attention in the last 20 years because of their role in insecticide metabolism producing resistance. Many different compounds, including toxic xenobiotics and reactive products of intracellular processes such as lipid peroxidation, act as GST substrates.

  19. An acetylation site in lectin domain modulates the biological activity of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase-2

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zlocowski, Natacha; Lorenz, Virginia; Bennett, Eric Paul

    2013-01-01

    Abstract Polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation. All ppGalNAc-T family members contain a common (QXW)3 motif which is present in R-type lectin group. Acetylation site K521 is part of the QKW motif of ß......-trefoil in the lectin domain of ppGalNAc-T2. We used a combination of acetylation and site-directed mutagenesis approaches to examine the functional role of K521 in ppGalNAc-T2. Binding assays of non-acetylated and acetylated forms of the mutant ppGalNAc-T2K521Q to various naked and aGalNAc-glycosylated mucin peptides...... indicated that degree of interaction of lectin domain with aGalNAc depends on the peptide sequence of mucin. Studies of inhibitory effect of various carbohydrates on interactions of ppGalNAc-T2 with MUC1aGalNAc indicate that point K521Q mutation enhance the carbohydrate specificity of lectin domain for aGalNAc...

  20. The role of human demographic history in determining the distribution and frequency of transferase-deficient galactosaemia mutations.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Flanagan, J M

    2010-02-01

    Classical or transferase-deficient galactosaemia is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by mutation in the human Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene. Of some 170 causative mutations reported, fewer than 10% are observed in more than one geographic region or ethnic group. To better understand the population history of the common GALT mutations, we have established a haplotyping system for the GALT locus incorporating eight single nucleotide polymorphisms and three short tandem repeat markers. We analysed haplotypes associated with the three most frequent GALT gene mutations, Q188R, K285N and Duarte-2 (D2), and estimated their age. Haplotype diversity, in conjunction with measures of genetic diversity and of linkage disequilibrium, indicated that Q188R and K285N are European mutations. The Q188R mutation arose in central Europe within the last 20 000 years, with its observed east-west cline of increasing relative allele frequency possibly being due to population expansion during the re-colonization of Europe by Homo sapiens in the Mesolithic age. K285N was found to be a younger mutation that originated in Eastern Europe and is probably more geographically restricted as it arose after all major European population expansions. The D2 variant was found to be an ancient mutation that originated before the expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa.

  1. Females with paired occurrence of cancers in the UADT and genital region have a higher frequency of either Glutathione S-transferase M1/T1 null genotype

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jhavar Sameer G

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Upper Aero digestive Tract (UADT is the commonest site for the development of second cancer in females after primary cervical cancer. Glutathione S-transferase (GSTM1 and / or T1 null genotype modulates the risk of developing UADT cancer (primary as well as second cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference in GST null genotype frequencies in females with paired cancers in the UADT and genital region as compared to females with paired cancers in the UADT and non-genital region. Forty-nine females with a cancer in the UADT and another cancer (at all sites-genital and non-genital were identified from a database of patients with multiple primary neoplasms and were analyzed for the GSTM1 and T1 genotype in addition to known factors such as age, tobacco habits, alcohol habits and family history of cancer. Frequencies of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and either GSTM1/T1 null were higher in females with paired occurrence of cancer in the UADT and genital site (54%, 33% and 75% respectively in comparison to females with paired occurrence of cancer in the UADT and non-genital sites (22%, 6% and 24% respectively. The significantly higher inherited frequency of either GSTM1/T1 null genotype in females with a paired occurrence of cancers in UADT and genital region (p = 0.01, suggests that these females are more susceptible to damage by carcinogens as compared to females who have UADT cancers in association with cancers at non-genital sites.

  2. T1N0 to T2N0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Glottic Larynx Treated With Definitive Radiotherapy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chera, Bhishamjit S.; Amdur, Robert J.; Morris, Christopher G.; Kirwan, Jessica M.; Mendenhall, William M.

    2010-01-01

    Purpose: To report the treatment outcomes of definitive radiotherapy (RT) for early-stage squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the glottic larynx. Methods and Materials: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 585 patients with T1N0 to T2N0 invasive SCCA of the glottic larynx treated between 1964 and 2006 with RT alone. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up, had histologic diagnosis of invasive SCCA, and received continuous-course RT. None of these patients received chemotherapy or had elective nodal RT. The probabilities of local control (LC), ultimate LC, ultimate LC with larynx preservation, neck control, cause-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Results: The median follow-up for survivors was 12 years. Five-year LC rates were as follows: T1A, 94%; T1B, 93%; T2A, 80%; and T2B, 70%. Multivariate analysis revealed that overall treatment time greater than 41 days (p = 0.001) and poorly differentiated histology (p = 0.016) adversely affected LC. Five-year rates of ultimate LC with laryngeal preservation were: T1A, 95%; T1B, 94%, T2A, 81%; and T2B, 74%. Twenty-four (4%) of 585 patients failed in the neck; only 7 neck failures (1%) were isolated. Five-year CSS and OS rates were as follows: T1A, 97% and 82%; T1B, 99% and 83%; T2A, 94% and 76%; and T2B, 90% and 78%, respectively. Ten (1.7%) patients had severe and/or fatal complications. One patient died of a radiation-induced carotid artery angiosarcoma. Conclusion: Based on our study results, RT cures a high proportion of patients with T1N0 to T2N0 glottic SCCAs and has a low rate of severe complications.

  3. Searching for the sup 5 H resonance for the t+n+n system

    CERN Document Server

    Meister, M; García-Borge, M J; Chulkov, L V; Elze, T W; Emling, H; Geissel, H; Hellström, M; Jonson, B; Kratz, J V; Kulessa, R; Leifels, Y; Markenroth, K G; Münzenberg, G; Nickel, F; Nilsson, T; Nyman, G H; Pribora, V N; Richter, A; Riisager, K; Scheidenberger, C; Schrieder, G; Simon, H; Tengblad, O

    2003-01-01

    The unbound hydrogen isotopes sup 4 sup , sup 5 H have been studied in the one-proton knockout channel of sup 6 He (240 MeV/u) impinging on a carbon target. The triton fragments originating from this channel were detected in coincidence with neutrons. Relative energy spectra as well as energy and angular correlations have been studied for the t+n and t+n+n systems. The analysis of the energy and angular correlations by the method of hyperspherical harmonic expansion allows to determine the relative weights of the most relevant partial waves in the three-body t+n+n final state. It is shown that the neutrons to a large extent occupy the p-shell and that the I suppi = 1/2 sup + state is strongly populated as expected for the sup 5 H ground state. No evidence for a narrow resonance in the t+n+n system is obtained, instead a broad structure peaked at 3 MeV above the threshold with about 6 MeV as a full width at half maximum is observed. The two-body t+n system reveals a resonance compatible with earlier results fo...

  4. Synthesis and structure of the extended phosphazane ligand [(1,4-C6H4){N(μ-PN(t)Bu)2N(t)Bu}2](4).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sevilla, Raquel; Less, Robert J; García-Rodríguez, Raúl; Bond, Andrew D; Wright, Dominic S

    2016-02-07

    The reaction of the phenylene-bridged precursor (1,4-C6H4)[N(PCl2)2]2 with (t)BuNH2 in the presence of Et3N gives the new ligand precursor (1,4-C6H4)[N(μ-N(t)Bu)2(PNH(t)Bu)2]2, deprotonation of which with Bu2Mg gives the novel tetraanion [(1,4-C6H4){N(μ-N(t)Bu)2(PN(t)Bu)2}2](4-).

  5. Glutathione transferase mimics : Micellar catalysis of an enzymic reaction

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lindkvist, Björn; Weinander, Rolf; Engman, Lars; Koetse, Marc; Engberts, Jan B.F.N.; Morgenstern, Ralf

    1997-01-01

    Substances that mimic the enzyme action of glutathione transferases (which serve in detoxification) are described. These micellar catalysts enhance the reaction rate between thiols and activated halogenated nitroarenes as well as alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls. The nucleophilic aromatic

  6. Characterization of glutathione S-transferase and its immunodiagnostic potential for detecting Taenia multiceps.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Ying; Wang, Yu; Huang, Xing; Gu, Xiaobing; Lai, Weimin; Peng, Xuerong; Yang, Guangyou

    2017-08-15

    Taenia multiceps is a widespread zoonotic tapeworm parasite which infects cloven-hoofed animals around the world. Animal infection with Coenurus cerebralis, the coenurus larvae of T. multiceps (Tm), is often fatal, which is a major cause of economic losses in stockbreeding. This study amplified the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene from the total RNA of C. cerebralis. The resulting protein, Tm-GST, consisted of 201 amino acids, and had a predicted molecular mass of 23.1kDa. Its amino acid sequence shares 77.61% similarity with Echinococcus granulosus GST. Recombinant Tm-GST (rTm-GST) was expressed in Escherichia coli. The protein reacted with serum from goats infected with T. multiceps. Immunofluorescence signals indicated that Tm-GST was largely localized in the parenchymatous area of adult T. multiceps; in addition, it was also apparent in the coenurus. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on rTm-GST showed specificity of 92.8% (13/14) and sensitivity of 90% (18/20) in detecting anti-GST antibodies in serum from naturally infected animals. This study suggests that Tm-GST has the potential to be used as a diagnostic antigen for Coenurosis. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  7. Phosphorylation of TET proteins is regulated via O-GlcNAcylation by the O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bauer, Christina; Göbel, Klaus; Nagaraj, Nagarjuna; Colantuoni, Christian; Wang, Mengxi; Müller, Udo; Kremmer, Elisabeth; Rottach, Andrea; Leonhardt, Heinrich

    2015-02-20

    TET proteins oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine, and 5-carboxylcytosine and thus provide a possible means for active DNA demethylation in mammals. Although their catalytic mechanism is well characterized and the catalytic dioxygenase domain is highly conserved, the function of the regulatory regions (the N terminus and the low-complexity insert between the two parts of the dioxygenase domains) is only poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that TET proteins are subject to a variety of post-translational modifications that mostly occur at these regulatory regions. We mapped TET modification sites at amino acid resolution and show for the first time that TET1, TET2, and TET3 are highly phosphorylated. The O-linked GlcNAc transferase, which we identified as a strong interactor with all three TET proteins, catalyzes the addition of a GlcNAc group to serine and threonine residues of TET proteins and thereby decreases both the number of phosphorylation sites and site occupancy. Interestingly, the different TET proteins display unique post-translational modification patterns, and some modifications occur in distinct combinations. In summary, our results provide a novel potential mechanism for TET protein regulation based on a dynamic interplay of phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation at the N terminus and the low-complexity insert region. Our data suggest strong cross-talk between the modification sites that could allow rapid adaption of TET protein localization, activity, or targeting due to changing environmental conditions as well as in response to external stimuli. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  8. Isozyme-specific fluorescent inhibitor of glutathione s-transferase omega 1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Son, Junghyun; Lee, Jae-Jung; Lee, Jun-Seok; Schüller, Andreas; Chang, Young-Tae

    2010-05-21

    Recently, the glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) is suspected to be involved in certain cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. However, profound investigation on the pathological roles of GSTO1 has been hampered by the lack of specific methods to determine or modulate its activity in biological systems containing other isoforms with similar catalytic function. Here, we report a fluorescent compound that is able to inhibit and monitor the activity of GSTO1. We screened 43 fluorescent chemicals and found a compound (6) that binds specifically to the active site of GSTO1. We observed that compound 6 inhibits GSTO1 by covalent modification but spares other isoforms in HEK293 cells and demonstrated that compound 6 could report the activity of GSTO1 in NIH/3T3 or HEK293 cells by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the labeled amount of GSTO1 in SDS-PAGE. Compound 6 is a useful tool to study GSTO1, applicable as a specific inhibitor and an activity reporter.

  9. Closed expressions for $\\int_{0}^{1} t^{-1} log^{n-1}t log^{p}(1 - t) dt$

    CERN Document Server

    Kölbig, Kurt Siegfried

    1982-01-01

    Closed expressions for the integral integral /sub 0//sup 1/ t/sup -1/ log/sup n-1/t log/sup p/(1-t)dt, whose general form is given elsewhere, are listed for n=1(1)9, p=1(1)9. A formula is derived which allows an easy evaluation of these expressions by formula manipulation on a computer. The majority of the above expressions are given in a microfiche supplement to the paper.

  10. Human glutathione transferases catalyzing the bioactivation of anticancer thiopurine prodrugs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Eklund, Birgitta I; Gunnarsdottir, Sjofn; Elfarra, Adnan A; Mannervik, Bengt

    2007-06-01

    cis-6-(2-Acetylvinylthio)purine (cAVTP) and trans-6-(2-acetylvinylthio)guanine (tAVTG) are thiopurine prodrugs provisionally inactivated by an alpha,beta-unsaturated substituent on the sulfur of the parental thiopurines 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG). The active thiopurines are liberated intracellularly by glutathione (GSH) in reactions catalyzed by glutathione transferases (GSTs) (EC 2.5.1.18). Catalytic activities of 13 human GSTs representing seven distinct classes of soluble GSTs have been determined. The bioactivation of cAVTP and tAVTG occurs via a transient addition of GSH to the activated double bond of the S-substituent of the prodrug, followed by elimination of the thiopurine. The first of these consecutive reactions is rate-limiting for thiopurine release, but GST-activation of this first addition is shifting the rate limitation to the subsequent elimination. Highly active GSTs reveal the transient intermediate, which is detectable by UV spectroscopy and HPLC analysis. LC/MS analysis of the reaction products demonstrates that the primary GSH conjugate, 4-glutathionylbuten-2-one, can react with a second GSH molecule to form the 4-(bis-glutathionyl)butan-2-one. GST M1-1 and GST A4-4 were the most efficient enzymes with tAVTG, and GST M1-1 and GST M2-2 had highest activity with cAVTP. The highly efficient GST M1-1 is polymorphic and is absent in approximately half of the human population. GST P1-1, which is overexpressed in many cancer cells, had no detectable activity with cAVTP and only minor activity with tAVTG. Other GST-activated prodrugs have targeted GST P1-1-expressing cancer cells. Tumors expressing high levels of GST M1-1 or GST A4-4 can be predicted to be particularly vulnerable to chemotherapy with cAVTP or tAVTG.

  11. Total edge irregularity strength of (n,t)-kite graph

    Science.gov (United States)

    Winarsih, Tri; Indriati, Diari

    2018-04-01

    Let G(V, E) be a simple, connected, and undirected graph with vertex set V and edge set E. A total k-labeling is a map that carries vertices and edges of a graph G into a set of positive integer labels {1, 2, …, k}. An edge irregular total k-labeling λ :V(G)\\cup E(G)\\to \\{1,2,\\ldots,k\\} of a graph G is a labeling of vertices and edges of G in such a way that for any different edges e and f, weights wt(e) and wt(f) are distinct. The weight wt(e) of an edge e = xy is the sum of the labels of vertices x and y and the label of the edge e. The total edge irregularity strength of G, tes(G), is defined as the minimum k for which a graph G has an edge irregular total k-labeling. An (n, t)-kite graph consist of a cycle of length n with a t-edge path (the tail) attached to one vertex of a cycle. In this paper, we investigate the total edge irregularity strength of the (n, t)-kite graph, with n > 3 and t > 1. We obtain the total edge irregularity strength of the (n, t)-kite graph is tes((n, t)-kite) = \\lceil \\frac{n+t+2}{3}\\rceil .

  12. Glutathione S - transferases class Pi and Mi and their significance in oncology

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zofia Marchewka

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available In this article the current data, which shows that glutathione S-transferases (GST class Pi and Mi are interesting and promising biomarkers in acute and chronic inflammatory processes as well as in the oncology, were presented based on the review of the latest experimental and clinical studies. The article shows their characteristics, functions and participation (direct - GST Pi, indirect - GST Mi in the regulation of signaling pathways of JNK kinases, which are involved in cell differentiation. Overexpression of glutathione S-transferases class Pi and Mi in many cancer cells plays a key role in cancer treatment, making them resistant to chemotherapy. GST isoenzymes are involved in the metabolism of various types of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates, so their altered expression in cancer tissues as well as in serum and urine could be an important potential marker of the cancer and an indicator of oxidative stress. The study shows the role of glutathione S-transferases in redox homeostasis of tumor cells and in the mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs.

  13. Glutathione S - transferases class Pi and Mi and their significance in oncology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Marchewka, Zofia; Piwowar, Agnieszka; Ruzik, Sylwia; Długosz, Anna

    2017-06-19

    In this article the current data, which shows that glutathione S-transferases (GST) class Pi and Mi are interesting and promising biomarkers in acute and chronic inflammatory processes as well as in the oncology, were presented based on the review of the latest experimental and clinical studies. The article shows their characteristics, functions and participation (direct - GST Pi, indirect - GST Mi) in the regulation of signaling pathways of JNK kinases, which are involved in cell differentiation. Overexpression of glutathione S-transferases class Pi and Mi in many cancer cells plays a key role in cancer treatment, making them resistant to chemotherapy. GST isoenzymes are involved in the metabolism of various types of xenobiotics and endogenous substrates, so their altered expression in cancer tissues as well as in serum and urine could be an important potential marker of the cancer and an indicator of oxidative stress. The study shows the role of glutathione S-transferases in redox homeostasis of tumor cells and in the mechanism of resistance to anticancer drugs.

  14. Characterization of Affinity-Purified Isoforms of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Y1 Glutathione Transferases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chin-Soon Chee

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Glutathione transferases (GST were purified from locally isolated bacteria, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Y1, by glutathione-affinity chromatography and anion exchange, and their substrate specificities were investigated. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified GST resolved into a single band with a molecular weight (MW of 23 kDa. 2-dimensional (2-D gel electrophoresis showed the presence of two isoforms, GST1 (pI 4.5 and GST2 (pI 6.2 with identical MW. GST1 was reactive towards ethacrynic acid, hydrogen peroxide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and trans,trans-hepta-2,4-dienal while GST2 was active towards all substrates except hydrogen peroxide. This demonstrated that GST1 possessed peroxidase activity which was absent in GST2. This study also showed that only GST2 was able to conjugate GSH to isoproturon, a herbicide. GST1 and GST2 were suggested to be similar to F0KLY9 (putative glutathione S-transferase and F0KKB0 (glutathione S-transferase III of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain PHEA-2, respectively.

  15. Characterization of Affinity-Purified Isoforms of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Y1 Glutathione Transferases

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chee, Chin-Soon; Tan, Irene Kit-Ping; Alias, Zazali

    2014-01-01

    Glutathione transferases (GST) were purified from locally isolated bacteria, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus Y1, by glutathione-affinity chromatography and anion exchange, and their substrate specificities were investigated. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified GST resolved into a single band with a molecular weight (MW) of 23 kDa. 2-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis showed the presence of two isoforms, GST1 (pI 4.5) and GST2 (pI 6.2) with identical MW. GST1 was reactive towards ethacrynic acid, hydrogen peroxide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and trans,trans-hepta-2,4-dienal while GST2 was active towards all substrates except hydrogen peroxide. This demonstrated that GST1 possessed peroxidase activity which was absent in GST2. This study also showed that only GST2 was able to conjugate GSH to isoproturon, a herbicide. GST1 and GST2 were suggested to be similar to F0KLY9 (putative glutathione S-transferase) and F0KKB0 (glutathione S-transferase III) of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain PHEA-2, respectively. PMID:24892084

  16. Conformation and functioning of tRNAs: cross-linked tRNAs as substrate for tRNA nucleotidyl-transferase and aminoacyl synthetases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carre, D.S.; Thomas, G.; Favre, A.

    1974-01-01

    The behavior of mixed E. coli tRNAs ''cross-linked'' by irradiation with near ultraviolet light (310-400 nm) has been compared to that of the intact molecules in two enzymatic processes. No change in the rate and extent of the repair of the pCpCpA 3' terminus of tRNA by purified E. coli tRNA nucleotidyltransferase can be detected. In contrast, complex data were obtained in the acylation reaction. They can be understood using other tRNA specific modifications as well as our present knowledge of E. coli tRNA sequences and rare base content [fr

  17. Eficacia del diclofenaco tópico vs. nepafenaco tópico en la reducción del dolor durante la fotocoagulación panretiniana

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández-Camarena, Julio C.; Valdez-García, Jorge E.; Rodríguez-García, Alejandro

    2016-01-01

    Propósito: Comparar la eficacia del diclofenaco tópico 0.1% vs. nepafenaco tópico en reducir el dolor asociado a la fotocoagulación panretiniana con láser argón. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado doble enmascarado, 132 pacientes (183 ojos) con diagnóstico de retinopatía diabética proliferativa tratados con fotocoagulación panretiniana. Aleatorización en 2 grupos: diclofenaco y nepafenaco tópicos. Se aplicaron 2 dosis de los analgésicos tópicos previas a la fotocoagulación pan...

  18. Novel derivatives of aclacinomycin A block cancer cell migration through inhibition of farnesyl transferase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Magi, Shigeyuki; Shitara, Tetsuo; Takemoto, Yasushi; Sawada, Masato; Kitagawa, Mitsuhiro; Tashiro, Etsu; Takahashi, Yoshikazu; Imoto, Masaya

    2013-03-01

    In the course of screening for an inhibitor of farnesyl transferase (FTase), we identified two compounds, N-benzyl-aclacinomycin A (ACM) and N-allyl-ACM, which are new derivatives of ACM. N-benzyl-ACM and N-allyl-ACM inhibited FTase activity with IC50 values of 0.86 and 2.93 μM, respectively. Not only ACM but also C-10 epimers of each ACM derivative failed to inhibit FTase. The inhibition of FTase by N-benzyl-ACM and N-allyl-ACM seems to be specific, because these two compounds did not inhibit geranylgeranyltransferase or geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) synthase up to 100 μM. In cultured A431 cells, N-benzyl-ACM and N-allyl-ACM also blocked both the membrane localization of H-Ras and activation of the H-Ras-dependent PI3K/Akt pathway. In addition, they inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced migration of A431 cells. Thus, N-benzyl-ACM and N-allyl-ACM inhibited EGF-induced migration of A431 cells by inhibiting the farnesylation of H-Ras and subsequent H-Ras-dependent activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway.

  19. Asymptotic behavior of the nonlinear diffusion equation n/sub t/ = (n-1n/sub x/)/sub x/

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Berryman, J.G.; Holland, C.J.

    1982-01-01

    The asymptotic behavior of the equation n/sub t/ = (ln n)/sub x/x is studied on the finite interval 0 0 and initial data n(x,0)> or =n 0 . We prove that asymptotically ln[n(x,t)/n 0 ]→A exp(-π 2 t/n 0 )2/sup 1/2/ sin πx and also provide rigorous upper and lower bounds on the asymptotic amplitude A in terms of integrals of nonlinear functions of the initial data. The rigorous bounds are compared to values of A obtained from computer experiments. The lower bound L = (2/sup 3/2//π)exp[li(1+Q)-γ], where li is the logarithmic integral, γ is Euler's constant, and Q = (π/2)∫[n(x,0)/n 0 -1]sin πx dx, is found to be the best known estimate of A

  20. The O-GlcNAc Transferase Intellectual Disability Mutation L254F Distorts the TPR Helix.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gundogdu, Mehmet; Llabrés, Salomé; Gorelik, Andrii; Ferenbach, Andrew T; Zachariae, Ulrich; van Aalten, Daan M F

    2018-05-17

    O-linked β-N-acetyl- D -glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) regulates protein O-GlcNAcylation, an essential post-translational modification that is abundant in the brain. Recently, OGT mutations have been associated with intellectual disability, although it is not understood how they affect OGT structure and function. Using a multi-disciplinary approach we show that the L254F OGT mutation leads to conformational changes of the tetratricopeptide repeats and reduced activity, revealing the molecular mechanisms contributing to pathogenesis. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  1. Clasificación de información táctil para la detección de personas

    OpenAIRE

    Gandarias, Juan M.; Gómez-de-Gabriel, Jesús Manuel; García-Cerezo, Alfonso

    2017-01-01

    Este artículo presenta el diseño de un efector final táctil y la aplicación de técnicas de inteligencia artificial para la detección de personas mediante un brazo manipulador ligero de 6 grados de libertad. Este efector está compuesto por un sensor táctil de alta resolución que permite obtener imágenes de presión. El sistema extrae información háptica en situaciones de catástrofe en las que, generalmente, existe baja visibilidad, con el propósito de evaluar el estado de las víctimas en funció...

  2. Nuclear translocation of glutathione transferase omega is a progression marker in Barrett's esophagus

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Piaggi, Simona; Marchi, Santino; Ciancia, Eugenio

    2009-01-01

    Barrett's esophagus (BE) represents a major risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC). For this reason, patients with BE are subjected to a systematic endoscopic surveillance to detect initial evolution towards non-invasive neoplasia (NiN) and cancer, that eventually occurs only in a small......-S-transferase-omega 1 could be involved in the stress response of human cells playing a role in the cancer progression of Barrett's esophagus. Its immunohistochemical detection could represent a useful tool in the grading of Barrett's disease.......N in BE and to understand the mechanisms of the progression from BE to AC. We investigated the expression and subcellular localization of GSTO1 in biopsies from patients with BE and in human cancer cell lines subjected to heath shock treatment. A selective nuclear localisation of GSTO1 was found in 16/16 biopsies with low...

  3. A glutathione s-transferase confers herbicide tolerance in rice

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tingzhang Hu

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Plant glutathione S-transferases (GSTs have been a focus of attention due to their role in herbicide detoxification. OsGSTL2 is a glutathione S-transferase, lambda class gene from rice (Oryza sativa L.. Transgenic rice plants over-expressing OsGSTL2 were generated from rice calli by the use of an Agrobacterium transformation system, and were screened by a combination of hygromycin resistance, PCR and Southern blot analysis. In the vegetative tissues of transgenic rice plants, the over-expression of OsGSTL2 not only increased levels of OsGSTL2 transcripts, but also GST and GPX expression, while reduced superoxide. Transgenic rice plants also showed higher tolerance to glyphosate and chlorsulfuron, which often contaminate agricultural fields. The findings demonstrate the detoxification role of OsGSTL2 in the growth and development of rice plants. It should be possible to apply the present results to crops for developing herbicide tolerance and for limiting herbicide contamination in the food chain.

  4. Hipoterapia como técnica de habilitación y rehabilitación

    OpenAIRE

    López-Roa, Lina María; Moreno-Rodríguez, Efraín Darío

    2015-01-01

    La habilitación y rehabilitación son procesos a través de los cuales las personas con discapacidad tienen la oportunidad de contar y mantener óptimos niveles en los planos físico, sensorial, intelectual, psicológico y social; a pesar de la existencia de diferentes campos de habilitación y rehabilitación en la fisioterapia con todo un abanico de técnicas y procedimientos (Bobath, TFNP, Perfetti, rehabilitación basada en tareas y otras) para la intervención de estos pacientes, la hipoterapia (t...

  5. N = (4,4 Supersymmetry and T-Duality

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Malin Göteman

    2012-10-01

    Full Text Available A sigma model with four-dimensional target space parametrized by chiral and twisted chiral N =(2,2 superfields can be extended to N =(4,4 supersymmetry off-shell, but this is not true for a model of semichiral fields, where the N = (4,4 supersymmetry can only be realized on-shell. The two models can be related to each other by T-duality. In this paper we perform a duality transformation from a chiral and twisted chiral model with off-shell N = (4,4 supersymmetry to a semichiral model. We find that additional non-linear terms must be added to the original transformations to obtain a semichiral model with N =(4,4 supersymmetry, and that the algebra closes on-shell as a direct consequence of the T-duality.

  6. Steroid sulfatase and sulfuryl transferase activities in human brain tumors

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kříž, L.; Bičíková, M.; Mohapl, M.; Hill, M.; Černý, Ivan; Hampl, R.

    2008-01-01

    Roč. 109, č. 1 (2008), s. 31-39 ISSN 0960-0760 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40550506 Keywords : dehydroepiandrosterone * steroid sulfatase * steroid sulfuryl transferase * brain Subject RIV: CC - Organic Chemistry Impact factor: 2.827, year: 2008

  7. Track detection on the cells exposed to high Linear Energy Transfer heavy-ions by Cr-39 plastic and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase(Td T)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mehnati, P.; Keshtkar, A.; Mesbahi, A.; Sasaki, H.

    2006-01-01

    The fatal effect of ionizing radiation on cells depends on Linear Energy Transfer level. The distribution of ionizing radiation is sparse and homogeneous for low Linear Energy Transfer radiations such as X or y, but it is dense and concentrated for high Linear Energy Transfer radiation such as heavy-ions radiation. Materials and Methods: Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1) were exposed to 4 Gy Fe-ion 2000 keV/μm. The Cr-39 is a special and sensitive plastic used to verify exact position of heavy-ions traversal. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase is an enzyme labeled with [3 H ] d ATP for detection of cellular DNA damage by autoradiography assay. Results: The track of heavy ions traversals presented by pit size was almost similar for all different doses of radiation. No pits to show the track of traversal were found in 20% of the cell nuclei of the irradiation. Apparently these fractions of cells wave not hit by heavy ions. Conclusion: This study indicated the possible usefulness of both the Cr-39 plastics and DNA labeling with Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase method for evaluating the biological effect of heavy-ions in comparison with low Linear Energy Transfer ionizing radiation

  8. Checkpoint kinase 1-induced phosphorylation of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine transferase regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Zhe; Li, Xueyan; Nai, Shanshan; Geng, Qizhi; Liao, Ji; Xu, Xingzhi; Li, Jing

    2017-12-01

    Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is a kinase instrumental for orchestrating DNA replication, DNA damage checkpoints, the spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Despite Chk1's pivotal role in multiple cellular processes, many of its substrates remain elusive. Here, we identified O- linked β- N -acetylglucosamine ( O -GlcNAc)-transferase (OGT) as one of Chk1's substrates. We found that Chk1 interacts with and phosphorylates OGT at Ser-20, which not only stabilizes OGT, but also is required for cytokinesis. Phospho-specific antibodies of OGT-pSer-20 exhibited specific signals at the midbody of the cell, consistent with midbody localization of OGT as reported previously. Moreover, phospho-deficient OGT (S20A) cells attenuated cellular O -GlcNAcylation levels and also reduced phosphorylation of Ser-71 in the cytoskeletal protein vimentin, a modification critical for severing vimentin filament during cytokinesis. Consequently, elongated vimentin bridges were observed in cells depleted of OGT via an si OGT- based approach. Lastly, expression of plasmids resistant to si OGT efficiently rescued the vimentin bridge phenotype, but the OGT-S20A rescue plasmids did not. Our results suggest a Chk1-OGT-vimentin pathway that regulates the intermediate filament network during cytokinesis. © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  9. Designing Ligands for Leishmania, Plasmodium, and Aspergillus N-Myristoyl Transferase with Specificity and Anti-Target-Safe Virtual Libraries.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Garcia-Sosa, Alfonso T

    2018-01-01

    Leishmaniasis, malaria, and fungal diseases are burdens on individuals and populations and can present severe complications. Easily accessible chemical treatments for these diseases are increasingly sought-after. Targeting the parasite N-myristoyl transferase while avoiding the human enzyme and other anti-targets may allow the prospect of compounds with pan-activity against these diseases, which would simplify treatments and costs. Developing chemical libraries, both virtual and physical, that have been filtered and flagged early on in the drug discovery process (before virtual screening) could reduce attrition rates of compounds being developed and failing late in development stages due to problems of side-effects or toxicity. Chemical libraries have been screened against the anti-targets pregnane-X-receptor, sulfotransferase, cytochrome P450 2a6, 2c9, and 3a4 with three different docking programs. Statistically significant differences are observed in their interactions with these enzymes as compared to small molecule drugs and bioactive non-drug datasets. A series of compounds are proposed with the best predicted profiles for inhibition of all parasite targets while sparing the human form and anti-targets. Some of the topranked compounds have confirmed experimental activity against Leishmania, and highlighted are those compounds with best properties for further development. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

  10. Homogentisate solanesyl transferase (HST) cDNA’s in maize

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maize white seedling 3 (w3) has served as a model albino-seedling mutant since its discovery in 1923. We show that the w3 phenotype is caused by disruptions in homogentisate solanesyl transferase (HST), an enzyme that catalyzes the committed step in plastoquinone-9 (PQ9) biosynthesis. This reaction ...

  11. A Putative O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine Transferase Is Essential for Hormogonium Development and Motility in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khayatan, Behzad; Bains, Divleen K; Cheng, Monica H; Cho, Ye Won; Huynh, Jessica; Kim, Rachelle; Omoruyi, Osagie H; Pantoja, Adriana P; Park, Jun Sang; Peng, Julia K; Splitt, Samantha D; Tian, Mason Y; Risser, Douglas D

    2017-05-01

    Most species of filamentous cyanobacteria are capable of gliding motility, likely via a conserved type IV pilus-like system that may also secrete a motility-associated polysaccharide. In a subset of these organisms, motility is achieved only after the transient differentiation of hormogonia, which are specialized filaments that enter a nongrowth state dedicated to motility. Despite the fundamental importance of hormogonia to the life cycles of many filamentous cyanobacteria, the molecular regulation of hormogonium development is largely undefined. To systematically identify genes essential for hormogonium development and motility in the model heterocyst-forming filamentous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme , a forward genetic screen was employed. The first gene identified using this screen, designated ogtA , encodes a putative O-linked β- N -acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT). The deletion of ogtA abolished motility, while ectopic expression of ogtA induced hormogonium development even under hormogonium-repressing conditions. Transcription of ogtA is rapidly upregulated (1 h) following hormogonium induction, and an OgtA-GFPuv fusion protein localized to the cytoplasm. In developing hormogonia, accumulation of PilA but not HmpD is dependent on ogtA Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis indicated equivalent levels of pilA transcript in the wild-type and Δ ogtA mutant strains, while a reporter construct consisting of the intergenic region in the 5' direction of pilA fused to gfp produced lower levels of fluorescence in the Δ ogtA mutant strain than in the wild type. The production of hormogonium polysaccharide in the Δ ogtA mutant strain is reduced compared to that in the wild type but comparable to that in a pilA deletion strain. Collectively, these results imply that O -GlcNAc protein modification regulates the accumulation of PilA via a posttranscriptional mechanism in developing hormogonia. IMPORTANCE Filamentous cyanobacteria are among

  12. Optimización del proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Caicedo Solano

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el proceso de fabricación de alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 puede llegar a generarse un incremento del porcentaje de producto no conforme por baja carga de rotura, baja conductividad e incumplimiento del diámetro, a pesar de que la colada de aleación cumpla con los requisitos de composición química especificados en la Norma ASTM B398 (alambres de aleación de aluminio 6201 T-81 y que además, durante el proceso de trefilación de los alambres, se controlen las variables mecánicas y eléctricas que garanticen la calidad final del producto en el último proceso: el tratamiento térmico. Este trabajo está enfocado al mejoramiento del proceso de fabricación de los alambres de aleación 6201 T-81 para conductores eléctricos AAAC, utilizando estrategias experimentales, fundamentos de dominancia y control estadístico de procesos, con el fin de optimizar las condiciones de carga de rotura, conductividad y diámetro.

  13. Tobacco control activities in Turkey /Türkiye’de tütün kontrolü uygulamaları

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nazmi Bilir

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Tobacco use is accepted as a major public health problem, killing 6 million people every year globally.  However, millions of lives can be saved by implementing the effective tobacco control measures recommended by WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC, the first international treaty on tobacco control which was accepted in 56th World Health Assembly in 2003.  In line with WHO FCTC six effective tobacco control strategies were defined in MPOWER Package in 2008. In Turkey, the first law controlling tobacco came into force in 1996, banning smoking in most indoor public places. By amendment of the law in 2008, Turkey became a completely smoke free country.  Turkey achieved major advances on tobacco control during the past 15-20 years; tobacco use was reduced considerably (from 63% to 41% among males, and from 24% to 13% among females, indoor air quality improved (up to 90% reduction of PM2.5 values, health complaints, such as stuffy nose, watering eyes or coughs, of workers at restaurants, hospitality venues were reduced, and acute health effects of smoking such as cardiovascular and respiratory conditions were reduced. Turkey is the only country implementing all six measures of the MPOWER package successfully and was used as a model for other countries by WHO. Nevertheless, there is still much to do in Turkey as there is a high smoking prevalence and still some violations of smoking bans in indoor places. Key Words: Smoking, tobacco control, Turkey, smoke free indoors Türkiye’de tütün kontrolü uygulamaları Özet Dünya genelinde her yıl altı milyon kişinin ölümüne yol açan tütün kullanımı çok önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak kabul edilmektedir. Bununla birlikte 2003 yılında Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün 56. Genel Kurulunda kabul edilen ve ilk uluslararası tütün kontrolü antlaşması olan Tütün Kontrolü Çerçeve Sözleşmesi (DSÖ TKÇS içinde yer alan etkili tütün kontrolü

  14. t ve Rekonstitüe Sütün Ohmik Isıtılmasının İncelenmesi: Reolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Filiz İçier

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu çalışmada, eşdeğer yağ ve kuru madde içeriğine sahip tam yağlı süt ve rekonstititüe süt örneklerinin ohmik ısıtılmasının reolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Örnekler 30 V/cm voltaj gradyanında 20 °C’den 80 °C’e kadar ohmik olarak ısıtılmışlardır. Kontrol amaçlı olarak eşdeğer ısıl geçmişe sahip su banyosunda ısıtma işlemi de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki ısıtma yöntemi sırasında, kıvam özelliklerinin değişimi eş merkezli silindirik tip viskometre kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Uygulanan ısıtma yönteminin ve örnek çeşidinin viskozite değerlerindeki değişim üzerine etkisinin istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır. Viskozitenin, rekonstitüe süt örnekleri için ohmik ısıtma, süt örnekleri için ise geleneksel ısıtma sırasındaki sıcaklık artışına daha hassas olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada elde edilen veriler kurulacak pilot ve endüstriyel çaptaki sürekli ohmik ısıtma sistemlerinin tasarımında, özellikle pompalama gereksinimi ve ohmik ısıtma ünitesi içinde akış profillerinin değişimi açısından dikkate alınmalıdır. Ohmik ısıtıcı içinde oluşacak hız profillerindeki kararlılığın sağlanabilmesi homojen ısıtma için kaçınılmazdır.

  15. Oxidative stress markers and genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase T1, M1, and P1 in a subset of children with autism spectrum disorder in Lagos, Nigeria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oshodi, Y; Ojewunmi, O; Oshodi, T A; Ijarogbe, G T; Ogun, O C; Aina, O F; Lesi, Fea

    2017-09-01

    The role of oxidative stress has been identified in the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase have been associated with some diseases linked to oxidative stress. Hence, we evaluated the serum levels of oxidative stress markers and investigated genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase associated with autism. Forty-two children clinically diagnosed with ASD using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria and a clinical interview were included in the study. Twenty-three age-matched controls without any known genetic/developmental disorder were also recruited. Oxidative stress markers along with the genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase were determined. Reduced glutathione in ASD patients was significantly lower than the control (P = 0.008), whereas other oxidative stress markers measured were not significantly different in both the control and case populations. The frequencies of GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were lower among the controls compared with the cases, however, no association risk was observed. The observed risk of carrying Val/Val genotype among the cases was approximately six times that of the controls. Individuals with ASD showed a significant diminished level of reduced glutathione, however, the distribution of GSTT1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms was not found to be associated with autism in this study population.

  16. Formación cognoscitiva y rendimiento táctico

    OpenAIRE

    Solà Santesmases, Josep

    1998-01-01

    Este trabajo experimental trata de demostrar que la formación cognoscitiva previa (variable independiente) a la acción táctica deportiva (variable dependiente) es significativamente positiva para el correcto desarrollo de la misma. Esta formación cognoscitiva previa consistirá en la muestra de gráficos y dibujos de los movimientos tácticos a realizar. De esta manera, se ofrece a cada jugador del grupo experimental el conocimiento cognoscitivo que tendrá que guiar sus acciones tácticas en el j...

  17. The role of a topologically conserved isoleucine in glutathione transferase structure, stability and function

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Achilonu, Ikechukwu; Gildenhuys, Samantha; Fisher, Loren; Burke, Jonathan; Fanucchi, Sylvia; Sewell, B. Trevor; Fernandes, Manuel; Dirr, Heini W.

    2010-01-01

    The role of a topologically conserved isoleucine in the structure of glutathione transferase was investigated by replacing the Ile71 residue in human GSTA1-1 by alanine or valine. The common fold shared by members of the glutathione-transferase (GST) family has a topologically conserved isoleucine residue at the N-terminus of helix 3 which is involved in the packing of helix 3 against two β-strands in domain 1. The role of the isoleucine residue in the structure, function and stability of GST was investigated by replacing the Ile71 residue in human GSTA1-1 by alanine or valine. The X-ray structures of the I71A and I71V mutants resolved at 1.75 and 2.51 Å, respectively, revealed that the mutations do not alter the overall structure of the protein compared with the wild type. Urea-induced equilibrium unfolding studies using circular dichroism and tryptophan fluorescence suggest that the mutation of Ile71 to alanine or valine reduces the stability of the protein. A functional assay with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene shows that the mutation does not significantly alter the function of the protein relative to the wild type. Overall, the results suggest that conservation of the topologically conserved Ile71 maintains the structural stability of the protein but does not play a significant role in catalysis and substrate binding

  18. Nonstatic, self-consistent πN t matrix in nuclear matter

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Van Orden, J.W.

    1984-01-01

    In a recent paper, a calculation of the self-consistent πN t matrix in nuclear matter was presented. In this calculation the driving term of the self-consistent equation was chosen to be a static approximation to the free πN t matrix. In the present work, the earlier calculation is extended by using a nonstatic, fully-off-shell free πN t matrix as a starting point. Right-hand pole and cut contributions to the P-wave πN amplitudes are derived using a Low expansion and include effects due to recoil of the interacting πN system as well as the transformation from the πN c.m. frame to the nuclear rest frame. The self-consistent t-matrix equation is rewritten as two integral equations which modify the pole and cut contributions to the t matrix separately. The self-consistent πN t matrix is calculated in nuclear matter and a nonlocal optical potential is constructed from it. The resonant contribution to the optical potential is found to be broadened by 20% to 50% depending on pion momentum and is shifted upward in energy by approximately 10 MeV in comparison to the first-order optical potential. Modifications to the nucleon pole contribution are found to be negligible

  19. Extensión del Algoritmo Evolutivo MOS con técnicas de Evolución Diferencial

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Martín, Jaime

    2008-01-01

    Integración de un nuevo algoritmo de Evolución Diferencial en una librería de Algoritmos Evolutivos y su adaptación en forma de técnica para el algoritmo de hibridación MOS (Multiple Offspring Sampling). MOS es capaz de adaptarse a los problemas, premiando a las técnicas que mejores resutlados vayan obteniendo. Pruebas y estudios sobre los resultados obtenidos con esta nueva técnica.

  20. Acrolein-detoxifying isozymes of glutathione transferase in plants.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mano, Jun'ichi; Ishibashi, Asami; Muneuchi, Hitoshi; Morita, Chihiro; Sakai, Hiroki; Biswas, Md Sanaullah; Koeduka, Takao; Kitajima, Sakihito

    2017-02-01

    Acrolein is a lipid-derived highly reactive aldehyde, mediating oxidative signal and damage in plants. We found acrolein-scavenging glutathione transferase activity in plants and purified a low K M isozyme from spinach. Various environmental stressors on plants cause the generation of acrolein, a highly toxic aldehyde produced from lipid peroxides, via the promotion of the formation of reactive oxygen species, which oxidize membrane lipids. In mammals, acrolein is scavenged by glutathione transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) isozymes of Alpha, Pi, and Mu classes, but plants lack these GST classes. We detected the acrolein-scavenging GST activity in four species of plants, and purified an isozyme showing this activity from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves. The isozyme (GST-Acr), obtained after an affinity chromatography and two ion exchange chromatography steps, showed the K M value for acrolein 93 μM, the smallest value known for acrolein-detoxifying enzymes in plants. Peptide sequence homology search revealed that GST-Acr belongs to the GST Tau, a plant-specific class. The Arabidopsis thaliana GST Tau19, which has the closest sequence similar to spinach GST-Acr, also showed a high catalytic efficiency for acrolein. These results suggest that GST plays as a scavenger for acrolein in plants.

  1. Glutathione Transferase GSTπ In Breast Tumors Evaluated By Three Techniques

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rafael Molina

    1993-01-01

    Full Text Available The glutathione transferases are involved in intracellular detoxification reactions. One of these, GSTπ, is elevated in some breast cancer cells, particularly cells selected for resistance to anticancer agents. We evaluated GSTπ expression in 60 human breast tumors by three techniques, immunohistochemistry, Northern hybridization, and Western blot analysis. There was a significant positive correlation between the three methods, with complete concordance seen in 64% of the tumors. There was strong, inverse relationship between GSTπ expression and steroid receptor status with all of the techniques utili zed. [n addition, there was a trend toward higher GSTπ expression in poorly differentiated tumors, but no correlation was found between tumor GSTπ content and DNA ploidy or %S-phase. GSTπ expression was also detected in adjacent benign breast tissue as well as infiltrating lymphocytes; this expression may contribute to GSTπ measurements using either Northern hybridization or Western blot analysis. These re sults suggest that immunohistochemistry is the method of choice for measuring GSTπ in breast tumors.

  2. Evolución de los sistemas técnicos de reproducción musical

    OpenAIRE

    Picornell Pérez, Guillermo

    2015-01-01

    Con el fin de analizar la caracterización del proceso de evolución de los sistemas técnicos de reproducción musical se han planteado dos vías principales de análisis: en primer lugar, el estudio de las características técnicas de cuatro sistemas de reproducción que se han considerado representativos de dicho avance (sistemas basados en disco de vinilo, casete compacto, disco compacto y formato de codificación perceptual) y, en segundo lugar, el funcionamiento de dichos sistemas dentro del con...

  3. Detección de T-patterns en la observación de deportes de combate

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oleguer Camerino

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es implementar el análisis y detección de las estructuras temporales de los acontecimientos deportivos opatrones temporales o T-pattern para detectar los errores técnicos y sus secuencias conductuales en la proyección de judo kosoto-gari y así proponercambios metodológicos en los procesos de enseñanza del judo. Los participantes (n = 50; 38 hombres y 12 mujeres; M = 19.23 años; DE = 1.12,estudiantes del grado en CAFE sin experiencia previa en judo, se sometieron, a partir de un estudio observacional sistemático, a un registro en video dela ejecución de la técnica de estudio. Los resultados, determinados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis secuencial de T-Patterns obtenido con elprograma Theme 5, corroboran que existe una serie de defectos típicos que comete el sujeto en el aprendizaje de esta proyección, así como unas secuenciasde errores en cadena, que básicamente afectan al desequilibrio, a la posición de los pies y cadera-tronco, a la incorrecta acción de siega y a la acciónfinal de los brazos. Estos resultados nos permiten proponer, en el aprendizaje del judo, secuencias de movimientos que garanticen el éxito en la proyeccióny recomendaciones sobre la utilización del feedback.

  4. Expression and Characterization of Human β-1, 4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) Using Silkworm–Baculovirus Expression System

    KAUST Repository

    Morokuma, Daisuke

    2017-03-24

    Baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is widely known as a mass-production tool to produce functional recombinant glycoproteins except that it may not be always suitable for medical practice due to the differences in the structure of N-linked glycans between insects and mammalian. Currently, various approaches have been reported to alter N-linked glycan structures of glycoproteins derived from insects into terminally sialylated complex-type N-glycans. In the light of those studies, we also proposed in vitro maturation of N-glycan with mass-produced and purified glycosyltransferases by silkworm–BEVS. β-1,4-Galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1) is known as one of type II transmembrane enzymes that transfer galactose in a β-1, 4 linkage to accepter sugars, and a key enzyme for further sialylation of N-glycans. In this study, we developed a large-scale production of recombinant human β4GalT1 (rhβ4GalT1) with N- or C-terminal tags in silkworm–BEVS. We demonstrated that rhβ4GalT1 is N-glycosylated and without mucin-type glycosylation. Interestingly, we found that purified rhβ4GalT1 from silkworm serum presented higher galactosyltransferase activity than that expressed from cultured mammalian cells. We also validated the UDP-galactose transferase activity of produced rhβ4GalT1 proteins by using protein subtracts from silkworm silk gland. Taken together, rhβ4GalT1 from silkworms can become a valuable tool for producing high-quality recombinant glycoproteins with mammalian-like N-glycans.

  5. Transmutation of human glutathione transferase A2-2 with peroxidase activity into an efficient steroid isomerase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pettersson, Par L; Johansson, Ann-Sofie; Mannervik, Bengt

    2002-08-16

    A major goal in protein engineering is the tailor-making of enzymes for specified chemical reactions. Successful attempts have frequently been based on directed molecular evolution involving libraries of random mutants in which variants with desired properties were identified. For the engineering of enzymes with novel functions, it would be of great value if the necessary changes of the active site could be predicted and implemented. Such attempts based on the comparison of similar structures with different substrate selectivities have previously met with limited success. However, the present work shows that the knowledge-based redesign restricted to substrate-binding residues in human glutathione transferase A2-2 can introduce high steroid double-bond isomerase activity into the enzyme originally characterized by glutathione peroxidase activity. Both the catalytic center activity (k(cat)) and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) match the values of the naturally evolved glutathione transferase A3-3, the most active steroid isomerase known in human tissues. The substrate selectivity of the mutated glutathione transferase was changed 7000-fold by five point mutations. This example demonstrates the functional plasticity of the glutathione transferase scaffold as well as the potential of rational active-site directed mutagenesis as a complement to DNA shuffling and other stochastic methods for the redesign of proteins with novel functions.

  6. Cuantificación de la seguridad en túneles

    OpenAIRE

    Rey Llorente, Ignacio del; Vega Domínguez, Jaime; Fraile de Lerma, Alberto; Alarcón Álvarez, Enrique

    2005-01-01

    El desarrollo de la red de infraestructuras y las crecientes exigencias medioambientales han conducido al incremento de la construcción de túneles. Por otro lado los accidentes que se han producido y la consiguiente alarma social han puesto a la profesión ante la necesidad de incorporar todas las técnicas disponibles para garantizar niveles de seguridad aceptables. En este artículo se describen algunos procedimientos de cuantificación tanto en lo relativo a la situación de servicio, ...

  7. Determinación experimental de la aptitud a la expansión térmica de arcillas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    KARYN ALEXANDRA GIRALDO CÁRDENAS

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objeto fundamental estudiar, a escala de laboratorio, la aptitud a la expansión térmica de diferentes muestras de arcillas variando la temperatura de quema y modificando la composición de éstas con la adición de agentes promotores de la expansión térmica, como carbonato de calcio y cenizas volantes de carbón. El procedimiento experimental comprendió cuatro etapas: preparación, caracterización, pruebas preliminares de quema y ensayos de quema específicos; utilizando como criterio de expansión térmica el cambio porcentual de volumen de las muestras, y como criterios de calidad de los productos obtenidos, la densidad, la porosidad abierta y la absorción de agua. Finalmente, se encontró que una de las arcillas estudiadas presentó aptitud a la expansión térmica de manera natural y que otras cinco arcillas, mezcladas con diferentes proporciones de aditivos, también expandieron térmicamente a temperaturas comprendidas entre 1100°C y 1250°C.

  8. Evaluación de técnicas de reducción de ruido en habla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M.E. Torres

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo evalúa la inteligibilidad y la calidad de señales de voz luego de ser procesadas por un conjunto de técnicas de reducción de ruido. La inteligibilidad se mide en porcentaje de palabras repetidas correctamente en una prueba subjetiva de reconocimiento, y se discuten las sustituciones fonéticas más frecuentes en términos de matrices de confusión. La calidad de las señales obtenidas se evalúa en forma subjetiva y también objetiva a partir de un conjunto de medidas seleccionadas al efecto. En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de algunas de las técnicas clásicas más utilizadas, tales como Sustracción Espectral, Filtrado de Wiener y Ephraim-Malah. Además se muestran los resultados de la evaluación preliminar de técnicas más recientes, como las basadas en transformada ondita. Se presenta y discute el desempeño relativo de cada algoritmo considerado.

  9. Tulospalkkiojärjestelmän kannustavuus – päätöksenteon ilmiöt tulospalkkiojohtamisessa

    OpenAIRE

    Löfman, Sari

    2017-01-01

    Opinnäytetyön Tulospalkkiojärjestelmän kannustavuus – päätöksenteon ilmiöt tulospalkkiojohtamisessa tarkoituksena on uudistaa yrityksen tulospalkkiojärjestelmää. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on selvittää, miten tulospalkkiojohtaminen vastaa nykypäivän tarpeisiin henkilöstön näkökulmasta kohdeyrityksessä. Tulosten avulla yritys voi johtamisessa kohdentaa kannustimet aiempaa paremmin sekä nostaa yrityksen tuottavuutta ja samalla myös henkilöstön tyytyväisyyttä. Kohdeyrityksenä on sairaalakiinteist...

  10. Structural, Electronic, and Thermodynamic Properties of Tetragonal t-SixGe3−xN4

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Chenxi Han

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available The structural, mechanical, anisotropic, electronic, and thermal properties of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 in the tetragonal phase are systematically investigated in the present work. The mechanical stability is proved by the elastic constants of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4. Moreover, they all demonstrate brittleness, because B/G < 1.75, and v < 0.26. The elastic anisotropy of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 is characterized by Poisson’s ratio, Young’s modulus, the percentage of elastic anisotropy for bulk modulus AB, the percentage of elastic anisotropy for shear modulus AG, and the universal anisotropic index AU. The electronic structures of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 are all wide band gap semiconductor materials, with band gaps of 4.26 eV, 3.94 eV, 3.83 eV, and 3.25 eV, respectively, when using the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06 hybrid functional. Moreover, t-Ge3N4 is a quasi-direct gap semiconductor material. The thermodynamic properties of t-Si3N4, t-Si2GeN4, t-SiGe2N4, and t-Ge3N4 are investigated utilizing the quasi-harmonic Debye model. The effects of temperature and pressure on the thermal expansion coefficient, heat capacity, Debye temperature, and Grüneisen parameters are discussed in detail.

  11. Is N.D. and N.T. v. Spain the new Hirsi?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pijnenburg, Annick

    2017-01-01

    On 3 October the Third Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights published its judgment N.D. and N.T. v. Spain, which concerns Spain’s pushback policy in Melilla. It found a violation of Article 4 of Protocol 4 (prohibition of collective expulsions of aliens) and of Article 13 (right to an

  12. Glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in presbycusis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ateş, Nurcan Aras; Unal, Murat; Tamer, Lülüfer; Derici, Ebru; Karakaş, Sevim; Ercan, Bahadir; Pata, Yavuz Selim; Akbaş, Yücel; Vayisoğlu, Yusuf; Camdeviren, Handan

    2005-05-01

    Glutathione and glutathione-related antioxidant enzymes are involved in the metabolism and detoxification of cytotoxic and carcinogenic compounds as well as reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species generation occurs in prolonged relative hypoperfusion conditions such as in aging. The etiology of presbycusis is much less certain; however, a complex genetic cause is most likely. The effect of aging shows a wide interindividual range; we aimed to investigate whether profiles of (glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, T1 and P1 genotypes may be associated with the risk of age-related hearing loss. We examined 68 adults with presbycusis and 69 healthy controls. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence resonance energy transfer with a Light-Cycler Instrument. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of presbycusis were examined by use of logistic regression analyses to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Gene polymorphisms at GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 in subjects with presbycusis were not significantly different than in the controls (p > 0.05). Also, the combinations of different GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 genotypes were not an increased risk of presbycusis (p > 0.05). We could not demonstrate any significant association between the GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism and age-related hearing loss in this population. This may be because of our sample size, and further studies need to investigate the exact role of GST gene polymorphisms in the etiopathogenesis of the presbycusis.

  13. Purification, molecular cloning and heterologous expression of a glutathione S-transferase involved in insecticide resistance from the rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

    OpenAIRE

    Vontas, John G; Small, Graham J; Nikou, Dimitra C; Ranson, Hilary; Hemingway, Janet

    2002-01-01

    A novel glutathione S-transferase (GST)-based pyrethroid resistance mechanism was recently identified in Nilaparvata lugens [Vontas, Small and Hemingway (2001) Biochem. J. 357, 65-72]. To determine the nature of GSTs involved in conferring this resistance, the GSTs from resistant and susceptible strains of N. lugens were partially purified by anion exchange and affinity chromatography. The majority of peroxidase activity, previously correlated with resistance, was confined to the fraction tha...

  14. Sistematización de la acción táctica en el taekwondo de alta competición

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cristina González De Prado

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available El taekwondo ha experimentado una gran evolución en los últimos 20 años. Sus orígenes coreanos, ligados a una evolución terminológica asincrónica han contribuido a la falta de uniformidad en la definición y clasificación de algunos términos utilizados en el entrenamiento y la competición. En este trabajo se presenta una clasificación de las acciones utilizadas en el combate de taekwondo de alta competición, proponiendo, al mismo tiempo, la estructura funcional de la acción táctica. En su conjunto es el resultado de un proceso sistemático, donde los elementos tácticos se muestran claramente interrelacionados. Además, se establece una terminología específica susceptible de ser utilizada en diversos ámbitos de este deporte, y pudiendo ser una referencia para otras modalidades deportivas, con la finalidad de poder estructurar y sistematizar la terminología ya existente.

  15. A novel plant glutathione S-transferase/peroxidase suppresses Bax lethality in yeast

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kampranis, S C; Damianova, R; Atallah, M

    2000-01-01

    The mammalian inducer of apoptosis Bax is lethal when expressed in yeast and plant cells. To identify potential inhibitors of Bax in plants we transformed yeast cells expressing Bax with a tomato cDNA library and we selected for cells surviving after the induction of Bax. This genetic screen allows...... for the identification of plant genes, which inhibit either directly or indirectly the lethal phenotype of Bax. Using this method a number of cDNA clones were isolated, the more potent of which encodes a protein homologous to the class theta glutathione S-transferases. This Bax-inhibiting (BI) protein was expressed...... in Escherichia coli and found to possess glutathione S-transferase (GST) and weak glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. Expression of Bax in yeast decreases the intracellular levels of total glutathione, causes a substantial reduction of total cellular phospholipids, diminishes the mitochondrial membrane...

  16. El aprendizaje de la acción táctica

    OpenAIRE

    López Ros, Víctor; Sargatal, Jordi

    2014-01-01

    Este libro recoge las intervenciones de las VI Jornadas de la Cátedra de Deporte y Educación Física de la UdG y III Seminario Internacional de Táctica y Técnica Deportiva, dedicadas a El aprendizaje de la acción táctica. En este libro el lector encontrará ideas y reflexiones alrededor de la acción táctica y, muy especialmente, acerca de las cuestiones relativas al aprendizaje de las mismas. Dichas ideas y aportaciones han sido desar rolladas por investigadores y técnicos de reconocido prestig...

  17. Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 null genotype frequency ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    PREM CHANDRA SUTHAR

    2018-03-24

    Mar 24, 2018 ... A comparative analysis with different tribal as well as world population has also been ...... (GSTM1, T1 and P1) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus .... from the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study and meta-analyses.

  18. Association between Glutathione S-Transferase GSTM1-T1 and P1 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in Zoroastrians in Yazd, Iran

    Science.gov (United States)

    AFRAND, Mohammadhosain; BASHARDOOST, Nasrollah; SHEIKHHA, Mohammad Hasan; AFKHAMI-ARDEKANI, Mohammad

    2015-01-01

    Background: The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family and the risk of the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran. Methods: In this case-control study, GSTM1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms were genotyped in 51 randomly selected MS patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls on February 2014 among Zoroastrian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70 yr. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Results: We observed a significant association of GSTP1-I/V (Isoleucine/Valine) allele and GSTP1-V/V (Valine / Valine) allele with MS (P = 0.047 and P = 0.044, respectively). The combined analysis of the two genotypes, the present genotype of GSTT1, I/V and V/V alleles of GSTP1 genotype demonstrated a decrease in the risk of acquiring MS (OR = 0.246, P = 0.031). The null genotype of GSTM1, I/V, and V/V alleles of the GSTP1 genotype showed a lower risk in double combinations (OR = 0.15, P = 0.028 and OR = 0.13, P = 0.013, respectively). The combinations of the GSTM1 null genotypes and GSTT1 present genotypes and the GSTP1 I/V and V/V alleles together were associated with decreased risk of having MS in triple combinations (OR = 0.071, P = 0.039 and OR = 0.065, P = 0.022, respectively). Conclusion: GSTP1-I/V and V/V alleles, alone or in association with GSTM1 null and GSTT1 present genotypes, are related with decreased susceptibility to the development of MS in Zoroastrian females. PMID:26284209

  19. A 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase mediates non-ribosomal peptide synthetase activation in Aspergillus fumigatus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neville, Claire; Murphy, Alan; Kavanagh, Kevin; Doyle, Sean

    2005-04-01

    Aspergillus fumigatus is a significant human pathogen. Non-ribosomal peptide (NRP) synthesis is thought to be responsible for a significant proportion of toxin and siderophore production in the organism. Furthermore, it has been shown that 4'-phosphopantetheinylation is required for the activation of key enzymes involved in non-ribosomal peptide synthesis in other species. Here we report the cloning, recombinant expression and functional characterisation of a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase from A. fumigatus and the identification of an atypical NRP synthetase (Afpes1), spanning 14.3 kb. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that the NRP synthetase exhibits greatest identity to NRP synthetases from Metarhizium anisolpiae (PesA) and Alternaria brassicae (AbrePsy1). Northern hybridisation and RT-PCR analysis have confirmed that both genes are expressed in A. fumigatus. A 120 kDa fragment of the A. fumigatus NRP synthetase, containing a putative thiolation domain, was cloned and expressed in the baculovirus expression system. Detection of a 4'-phosphopantetheinylated peptide (SFSAMK) from this protein, by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric analysis after coincubation of the 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase with the recombinant NRP synthetase fragment and acetyl CoA, confirms that it is competent to play a role in NRP synthetase activation in A. fumigatus. The 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase also activates, by 4'-phosphopantetheinylation, recombinant alpha-aminoadipate reductase (Lys2p) from Candida albicans, a key enzyme involved in lysine biosynthesis.

  20. Glutathione S-Transferase M1 and T1 Null Genotype Frequency ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Bluebird

    2017-10-25

    Oct 25, 2017 ... A comparative analysis with different tribal as well as world ..... T1 and P1) gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes mellitus in north .... Houlston R. S. 2000 CYP1A1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.

  1. Structural snapshots along the reaction pathway of Yersinia pestis RipA, a putative butyryl-CoA transferase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Torres, Rodrigo; Lan, Benson; Latif, Yama; Chim, Nicholas; Goulding, Celia W.

    2014-01-01

    The crystal structures of Y. pestis RipA mutants were determined to provide insights into the CoA transferase reaction pathway. Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, is able to survive in both extracellular and intracellular environments within the human host, although its intracellular survival within macrophages is poorly understood. A novel Y. pestis three-gene rip (required for intracellular proliferation) operon, and in particular ripA, has been shown to be essential for survival and replication in interferon γ-induced macrophages. RipA was previously characterized as a putative butyryl-CoA transferase proposed to yield butyrate, a known anti-inflammatory shown to lower macrophage-produced NO levels. RipA belongs to the family I CoA transferases, which share structural homology, a conserved catalytic glutamate which forms a covalent CoA-thioester intermediate and a flexible loop adjacent to the active site known as the G(V/I)G loop. Here, functional and structural analyses of several RipA mutants are presented in an effort to dissect the CoA transferase mechanism of RipA. In particular, E61V, M31G and F60M RipA mutants show increased butyryl-CoA transferase activities when compared with wild-type RipA. Furthermore, the X-ray crystal structures of E61V, M31G and F60M RipA mutants, when compared with the wild-type RipA structure, reveal important conformational changes orchestrated by a conserved acyl-group binding-pocket phenylalanine, Phe85, and the G(V/I)G loop. Binary structures of M31G RipA and F60M RipA with two distinct CoA substrate conformations are also presented. Taken together, these data provide CoA transferase reaction snapshots of an open apo RipA, a closed glutamyl-anhydride intermediate and an open CoA-thioester intermediate. Furthermore, biochemical analyses support essential roles for both the catalytic glutamate and the flexible G(V/I)G loop along the reaction pathway, although further research is required to fully

  2. Structural snapshots along the reaction pathway of Yersinia pestis RipA, a putative butyryl-CoA transferase

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Torres, Rodrigo; Lan, Benson; Latif, Yama; Chim, Nicholas [UC Irvine, 2212 Natural Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); Goulding, Celia W., E-mail: celia.goulding@uci.edu [UC Irvine, 2212 Natural Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States); UC Irvine, 2302 Natural Sciences I, Irvine, CA 92697 (United States)

    2014-04-01

    The crystal structures of Y. pestis RipA mutants were determined to provide insights into the CoA transferase reaction pathway. Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, is able to survive in both extracellular and intracellular environments within the human host, although its intracellular survival within macrophages is poorly understood. A novel Y. pestis three-gene rip (required for intracellular proliferation) operon, and in particular ripA, has been shown to be essential for survival and replication in interferon γ-induced macrophages. RipA was previously characterized as a putative butyryl-CoA transferase proposed to yield butyrate, a known anti-inflammatory shown to lower macrophage-produced NO levels. RipA belongs to the family I CoA transferases, which share structural homology, a conserved catalytic glutamate which forms a covalent CoA-thioester intermediate and a flexible loop adjacent to the active site known as the G(V/I)G loop. Here, functional and structural analyses of several RipA mutants are presented in an effort to dissect the CoA transferase mechanism of RipA. In particular, E61V, M31G and F60M RipA mutants show increased butyryl-CoA transferase activities when compared with wild-type RipA. Furthermore, the X-ray crystal structures of E61V, M31G and F60M RipA mutants, when compared with the wild-type RipA structure, reveal important conformational changes orchestrated by a conserved acyl-group binding-pocket phenylalanine, Phe85, and the G(V/I)G loop. Binary structures of M31G RipA and F60M RipA with two distinct CoA substrate conformations are also presented. Taken together, these data provide CoA transferase reaction snapshots of an open apo RipA, a closed glutamyl-anhydride intermediate and an open CoA-thioester intermediate. Furthermore, biochemical analyses support essential roles for both the catalytic glutamate and the flexible G(V/I)G loop along the reaction pathway, although further research is required to fully

  3. Benzene Uptake and Glutathione S-transferase T1 Status as Determinants of S-Phenylmercapturic Acid in Cigarette Smokers in the Multiethnic Cohort.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christopher A Haiman

    Full Text Available Research from the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC demonstrated that, for the same quantity of cigarette smoking, African Americans and Native Hawaiians have a higher lung cancer risk than Whites, while Latinos and Japanese Americans are less susceptible. We collected urine samples from 2,239 cigarette smokers from five different ethnic groups in the MEC and analyzed each sample for S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA, a specific biomarker of benzene uptake. African Americans had significantly higher (geometric mean [SE] 3.69 [0.2], p<0.005 SPMA/ml urine than Whites (2.67 [0.13] while Japanese Americans had significantly lower levels than Whites (1.65 [0.07], p<0.005. SPMA levels in Native Hawaiians and Latinos were not significantly different from those of Whites. We also conducted a genome-wide association study in search of genetic risk factors related to benzene exposure. The glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1 deletion explained between 14.2-31.6% (p = 5.4x10-157 and the GSTM1 deletion explained between 0.2%-2.4% of the variance (p = 1.1x10-9 of SPMA levels in these populations. Ethnic differences in levels of SPMA remained strong even after controlling for the effects of these two deletions. These results demonstrate the powerful effect of GSTT1 status on SPMA levels in urine and show that uptake of benzene in African American, White, and Japanese American cigarette smokers is consistent with their lung cancer risk in the MEC. While benzene is not generally considered a cause of lung cancer, its metabolite SPMA could be a biomarker for other volatile lung carcinogens in cigarette smoke.

  4. U-duality transformation of membrane on T{sup n} revisited

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hu, Shan [Department of Physics and Electronic Technology, Hubei University,Wuhan 430062 (China); Li, Tianjun [Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics and Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China (KITPC), Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049 (China); School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,Chengdu 610054 (China)

    2016-08-24

    The problem with the U-duality transformation of membrane on T{sup n} is recently addressed in [https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02915]. We will consider the U-duality transformation rule of membrane on T{sup n}×R. It turns out that winding modes on T{sup n} should be taken into account, since the duality transformation may bring the membrane configuration without winding modes into the one with winding modes. With the winding modes added, the membrane worldvolume theory in lightcone gauge is equivalent to the n+1 dimensional super-Yang-Mills (SYM) theory in T̃{sup n}, which has SL(2,Z)×SL(3,Z) and SL(5,Z) symmetries for n=3 and n=4, respectively. The SL(2,Z)×SL(3,Z) transformation can be realized classically, making the on-shell field configurations transformed into each other. However, the SL(5,Z) symmetry may only be realized at the quantum level, since the classical 5d SYM field configurations cannot form the representation of SL(5,Z).

  5. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase enhances secretory clusterin expression via liver X receptors and sterol response element binding protein regulation in cervical cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, Min Jun; Choi, Mee Young; Lee, Dong Hoon; Roh, Gu Seob; Kim, Hyun Joon; Kang, Sang Soo; Cho, Gyeong Jae; Kim, Yoon Sook; Choi, Wan Sung

    2018-01-12

    O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) expression is increased in various cancer types, indicating the potential importance of O-GlcNAcylation in tumorigenesis. Secretory clusterin (sCLU) is involved in cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance, and recently, liver X receptors (LXRs) and sterol response element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were reported to regulate sCLU transcription. Here, we found that sCLU is significantly increased in cervical cancer cell lines, which have higher expression levels of O-GlcNAc and OGT than keratinocytes. OGT knockdown decreased expression of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU through hypo-O-GlcNAcylation of LXRs. Additionally, treatment with Thiamet G, O-GlcNAcase OGA inhibitor, increased expression of O-GlcNAcylation and sCLU, and high glucose increased levels of LXRs, SREBP-1 and sCLU in HeLa cells. Moreover, OGT knockdown induced G 0 /G 1 phase cell cycle arrest and late apoptosis in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells, and decreased viability compared to OGT intact HeLa cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OGT, O-GlcNAcylated LXRs, and SREBP-1 increase sCLU expression in cervical cancer cells, which contributes to drug resistance.

  6. The mitochondrial O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (mOGT) in the diabetic patient could be the initial trigger to develop Alzheimer disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lozano, Liliana; Lara-Lemus, Roberto; Zenteno, Edgar; Alvarado-Vásquez, Noé

    2014-10-01

    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer disease (AD); however, how DM favors evolution of AD is still insufficiently understood. Hyperglycemia in DM is associated to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as damage of hippocampal cells, reflected by changes in morphological and mitochondrial functionality. Similar mitochondrial damage has been observed when amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulates in the brain of AD patients. In DM, the excess of glucose in the brain induces higher activity of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP), it synthesizes UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), which is used by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) to catalyze O-GlcNAcylation of numerous proteins. Although O-GlcNAcylation plays an important role in maintaining structure and cellular functionality, chronic activity of this pathway has been associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia-induced glucose toxicity. Three different forms of OGT are known: nucleocytoplasmic (ncOGT), short (sOGT), and mitochondrial (mOGT). Previous reports showed that overexpression of ncOGT is not toxic to the cell; in contrast, overexpression of mOGT is associated with cellular apoptosis. In this work, we suggest that hyperglycemia in the diabetic patient could induce greater expression and activity of mOGT, modifying the structure and functionality of mitochondria in hippocampal cells, accelerating neuronal damage, and favoring the start of AD. In consequence, mOGT activity could be a key point for AD development in patients with DM. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. The development of in vitro mutagenicity testing systems using T-lymphocytes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Albertini, R.J.

    1992-05-01

    This work has focused on the development of in vitro T-cell mutation assays. Conditions have been defined to measure the in vitro induction of mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in human T-lymphocytes. This assay is a parallel to our in vivo hprt assay, in that the same cells are utilized. However, the in vitro assay allows for carefully controlled dose response studies. 21 refs., 16 figs., 13 tabs

  8. Interaction of tRNA with Eukaryotic Ribosome

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dmitri Graifer

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available This paper is a review of currently available data concerning interactions of tRNAs with the eukaryotic ribosome at various stages of translation. These data include the results obtained by means of cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography applied to various model ribosomal complexes, site-directed cross-linking with the use of tRNA derivatives bearing chemically or photochemically reactive groups in the CCA-terminal fragment and chemical probing of 28S rRNA in the region of the peptidyl transferase center. Similarities and differences in the interactions of tRNAs with prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes are discussed with concomitant consideration of the extent of resemblance between molecular mechanisms of translation in eukaryotes and bacteria.

  9. Glutathione S-transferase genes and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Role of sexual dimorphism, gene-gene and gene-smoking interactions in disease susceptibility.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Azarova, Iuliia; Bushueva, Olga; Konoplya, Alexander; Polonikov, Alexey

    2018-05-01

    Compromised defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS) is considered important in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); therefore, genes encoding antioxidant defense enzymes may contribute to disease susceptibility. This study investigated whether polymorphisms in genes encoding glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), T1 (GSTT1), and P1 (GSTP1) jointly contribute to the risk of T2DM. In all, 1120 unrelated Russian subjects (600 T2DM patients, 520 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects), were recruited to the study. Genotyping was performed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR; del/del polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1) and TaqMan-based PCR (polymorphisms I105V and A114V of GSTP1). Plasma ROS and glutathione levels in study subjects were analyzed by fluorometric and colorimetric assays, respectively. Genotype del/del GSTT1 was significantly associated with the risk of T2DM (odds ratio [OR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17-2.21, P = 0.003). Gender-stratified analysis showed that the deletion genotypes of GSTM1 (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.30-3.05; P = 0.0002, Q = 0.016) and GSTT1 (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.22-4.09; P = 0.008, Q = 0.0216), as well as genotype 114A/V of GSTP1 (OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.44-5.62; P = 0.005, Q = 0.02) were associated with an increased risk of T2DM exclusively in males. Three genotype combinations (i.e. GSTM1+ × GSTT1+, GSTM1+ × GSTP1 114A/A and GSTT1+ × GSTP1 114A/A) showed significant associations with a decreased risk of T2DM in males. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that genes encoding glutathione S-transferases jointly contribute to the risk of T2DM, and that their effects on disease susceptibility are gender specific. © 2017 Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

  10. Characterization of glutathione transferases involved in the pathogenicity of Alternaria brassicicola.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Calmes, Benoit; Morel-Rouhier, Mélanie; Bataillé-Simoneau, Nelly; Gelhaye, Eric; Guillemette, Thomas; Simoneau, Philippe

    2015-06-18

    Glutathione transferases (GSTs) represent an extended family of multifunctional proteins involved in detoxification processes and tolerance to oxidative stress. We thus anticipated that some GSTs could play an essential role in the protection of fungal necrotrophs against plant-derived toxic metabolites and reactive oxygen species that accumulate at the host-pathogen interface during infection. Mining the genome of the necrotrophic Brassica pathogen Alternaria brassicicola for glutathione transferase revealed 23 sequences, 17 of which could be clustered into the main classes previously defined for fungal GSTs and six were 'orphans'. Five isothiocyanate-inducible GSTs from five different classes were more thoroughly investigated. Analysis of their catalytic properties revealed that two GSTs, belonging to the GSTFuA and GTT1 classes, exhibited GSH transferase activity with isothiocyanates (ITC) and peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide, respectively. Mutant deficient for these two GSTs were however neither more susceptible to ITC nor less aggressive than the wild-type parental strain. By contrast mutants deficient for two other GSTs, belonging to the Ure2pB and GSTO classes, were distinguished by their hyper-susceptibility to ITC and low aggressiveness against Brassica oleracea. In particular AbGSTO1 could participate in cell tolerance to ITC due to its glutathione-dependent thioltransferase activity. The fifth ITC-inducible GST belonged to the MAPEG class and although it was not possible to produce the soluble active form of this protein in a bacterial expression system, the corresponding deficient mutant failed to develop normal symptoms on host plant tissues. Among the five ITC-inducible GSTs analyzed in this study, three were found essential for full aggressiveness of A. brassicicola on host plant. This, to our knowledge is the first evidence that GSTs might be essential virulence factors for fungal necrotrophs.

  11. (t, n) Threshold d-Level Quantum Secret Sharing.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, Xiu-Li; Liu, Yan-Bing; Deng, Hong-Yao; Xiao, Yong-Gang

    2017-07-25

    Most of Quantum Secret Sharing(QSS) are (n, n) threshold 2-level schemes, in which the 2-level secret cannot be reconstructed until all n shares are collected. In this paper, we propose a (t, n) threshold d-level QSS scheme, in which the d-level secret can be reconstructed only if at least t shares are collected. Compared with (n, n) threshold 2-level QSS, the proposed QSS provides better universality, flexibility, and practicability. Moreover, in this scheme, any one of the participants does not know the other participants' shares, even the trusted reconstructor Bob 1 is no exception. The transformation of the particles includes some simple operations such as d-level CNOT, Quantum Fourier Transform(QFT), Inverse Quantum Fourier Transform(IQFT), and generalized Pauli operator. The transformed particles need not to be transmitted from one participant to another in the quantum channel. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme can resist intercept-resend attack, entangle-measure attack, collusion attack, and forgery attack. Performance comparison shows that it has lower computation and communication costs than other similar schemes when 2 < t < n - 1.

  12. Epidermal growth factor regulation of glutathione S-transferase gene expression in the rat is mediated by class Pi glutathione S-transferase enhancer I.

    OpenAIRE

    Matsumoto, M; Imagawa, M; Aoki, Y

    2000-01-01

    Using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays we showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PenCB) induce class Pi glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) in primary cultured rat liver parenchymal cells. GSTP1 enhancer I (GPEI), which is required for the stimulation of GSTP1 expression by PenCB, also mediates EGF and TGF alpha stimulation of GSTP1 gene expression. However, hepatocyte growth factor and insulin did no...

  13. Determinación experimental de la aptitud a la expansión térmica de arcillas

    OpenAIRE

    Giraldo Cárdenas, Karyn Alexandra; García Escobar, Jorge Orlando

    2008-01-01

    El presente trabajo tuvo como objeto fundamental estudiar, a escala de laboratorio, la aptitud a la expansión térmica de diferentes muestras de arcillas variando la temperatura de quema y modificando la composición de éstas con la adición de agentes promotores de la expansión térmica, como carbonato de calcio y cenizas volantes de carbón. El procedimiento experimental comprendió cuatro etapas: preparación, caracterización, pruebas preliminares de quema y ensayos de quema específic...

  14. Global deletion of glutathione S-Transferase A4 exacerbates developmental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

    Science.gov (United States)

    We established a mouse model of developmental nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) by feeding a high polyunsaturated fat liquid diet to female glutathione-S-transferase 4-4 (Gsta4-/-)/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a (Ppara-/-) double knockout 129/SvJ mice for 12 weeks from weaning. We us...

  15. Interacción entre proteínas y glicanos en la regulación fisiológica de las células T How do protein-glycan interactions regulate T-cell physiology?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marta A. Toscano

    2006-08-01

    Full Text Available Las interacciones entre proteínas y glicanos juegan un papel fundamental en numerosos eventos de la regulación de la fisiología del sistema inmune, como maduración tímica, activación, migración y apoptosis de células T. Los carbohidratos son capaces de modular la fisiología linfocitaria a través de la interacción específica con lectinas endógenas como selectinas y galectinas. Estas lectinas endógenas son capaces de reconocer estructuras sacarídicas localizadas en glicoproteínas de la superficie celular y regular procesos tan diversos como proliferación, diferenciación y ciclo celular. Existen diversos niveles de control de la interacción entre lectinas y azúcares; en primer lugar podemos mencionar la expresión regulada de estas lectinas durante el desarrollo de una respuesta inmune, y en segundo lugar la regulación espacio-temporal de la actividad de glicosiltranferasas y glicosidasas cuya función es crear y modificar los azúcares específicos para estas lectinas. Existen evidencias de que la expresión y actividad de estas enzimas se regulan en forma positiva o negativa durante diferentes eventos del desarrollo, ejecución y finalización de la respuesta inmune. En este artículo se analizarán los mecanismos a través de los cuales las interacciones entre lectinas con sus carbohidratos específicos modulan en forma específica diversos procesos fisiológicos, como maduración de timocitos, migración linfocitaria, activación y diferenciación de células T y apoptosis.Recent evidence indicates that protein-glycan interactions play a critical role in different events associated with the physiology of T-cell responses including thymocyte maturation, T-cell activation, lymphocyte migration and T-cell apoptosis. Glycans decorating T-cell surface glycoproteins can modulate T-cell physiology by specifically interacting with endogenous lectins including selectins and galectins. These endogenous lectins are capable of

  16. Modification of the Campylobacter jejuni N-linked glycan by EptC protein-mediated addition of phosphoethanolamine

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Scott, Nichollas E; Nothaft, Harald; Edwards, Alistair V G

    2012-01-01

    . Interrogation of these data allowed the identification of a phosphoethanolamine (pEtN)-modified variant of the N-glycan that was attached to multiple proteins. The pEtN moiety was attached to the terminal GalNAc of the canonical N-glycan. Deletion of the pEtN transferase eptC removed all evidence of the p......, yet above background levels of pEtN-glycan were also observed in E. coli not expressing eptC, suggesting that endogenous E. coli pEtN transferases can mediate the addition of pEtN to N-glycans. The addition of pEtN must be considered in the context of glycoengineering and may alter C. jejuni glycan...

  17. Interactions of polyomavirus middle T with the SH2 domains of the pp85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yoakim, M; Hou, W; Liu, Y; Carpenter, C L; Kapeller, R; Schaffhausen, B S

    1992-01-01

    The binding of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase to the polyomavirus middle T antigen is facilitated by tyrosine phosphorylation of middle T on residue 315. The pp85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase contains two SH2 domains, one in the middle of the molecule and one at the C terminus. When assayed by blotting with phosphorylated middle T, the more N-terminal SH2 domain is responsible for binding to middle T. When assayed in solution with glutathione S transferase fusions, both SH2s are capable of binding phosphorylated middle T. While both SH2 fusions can compete with intact pp85 for binding to middle T, the C-terminal SH2 is the more efficient of the two. Interaction between pp85 or its SH2 domains and middle T can be blocked by a synthetic peptide comprising the tyrosine phosphorylation sequence around middle T residue 315. Despite the fact that middle T can interact with both SH2s, these domains are not equivalent. Only the C-terminal SH2-middle T interaction was blocked by anti-SH2 antibody; the two SH2 fusions also interact with different cellular proteins. Images PMID:1380095

  18. Role for protein geranylgeranylation in adult T-cell leukemia cell survival

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nonaka, Mizuho; Uota, Shin; Saitoh, Yasunori; Takahashi, Mayumi; Sugimoto, Haruyo; Amet, Tohti; Arai, Ayako; Miura, Osamu; Yamamoto, Naoki; Yamaoka, Shoji

    2009-01-01

    Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a fatal lymphoproliferative disease that develops in human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I)-infected individuals. Despite the accumulating knowledge of the molecular biology of HTLV-I-infected cells, effective therapeutic strategies remain to be established. Recent reports showed that the hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitor statins have anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects on certain tumor cells through inhibition of protein prenylation. Here, we report that statins hinder the survival of ATL cells and induce apoptotic cell death. Inhibition of protein geranylgeranylation is responsible for these effects, since simultaneous treatment with isoprenoid precursors, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate or farnesyl pyrophosphate, but not a cholesterol precursor squalene, restored the viability of ATL cells. Simvastatin inhibited geranylgeranylation of small GTPases Rab5B and Rac1 in ATL cells, and a geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor GGTI-298 reduced ATL cell viability more efficiently than a farnesyl transferase inhibitor FTI-277. These results not only unveil an important role for protein geranylgeranylation in ATL cell survival, but also implicate therapeutic potentials of statins in the treatment of ATL

  19. Association study on glutathione S-transferase omega 1 and 2 and familial ALS

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van de Giessen, Elsmarieke; Fogh, Isabella; Gopinath, Sumana; Smith, Bradley; Hu, Xun; Powell, John; Andersen, Peter; Nicholson, Garth; Al Chalabi, Ammar; Shaw, Christopher E.

    2008-01-01

    Glutathione S-transferase omega 1 and 2 (GSTO1 and 2) protect from oxidative stress, a possible pathogenic mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Alzheimer's disease. Significant association of age of onset in Alzheimer's

  20. Functional characterization of glutathione S-transferases associated with insecticide resistance in Tetranychus urticae

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Pavlidi, N.; Tseliou, V.; Riga, M.; Nauen, R.; Van Leeuwen, T.; Labrou, N.E.; Vontas, J.

    2015-01-01

    The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is one of the most important agricultural pests world-wide. It is extremely polyphagous and develops resistance to acaricides. The overexpression of several glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) has been associated with insecticide resistance. Here, we

  1. Comparación de nuevas técnicas de caracterización sensorial utilizando consumidores

    OpenAIRE

    Valentín Llanos, Juan

    2015-01-01

    Para la evaluación de productos en la industria, el análisis descriptivo es el método que más se utiliza dentro de las técnicas de análisis sensorial. Se emplea para el desarrollo de nuevos productos, el control de calidad, así como en la investigación de mercados. Estos métodos clásicos de análisis sensorial descriptivo requieren de un extenso entrenamiento de catadores, siendo su formación muy costosa en recursos y tiempo. En consecuencia, estas técnicas no son muy aplicables...

  2. Distinction between the Cfr Methyltransferase Conferring Antibiotic Resistance and the Housekeeping RlmN Methyltransferase

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Atkinson, Gemma C; Hansen, Lykke H; Tenson, Tanel

    2013-01-01

    The cfr gene encodes the Cfr methyltransferase that primarily methylates C-8 in A2503 of 23S rRNA in the peptidyl transferase region of bacterial ribosomes. The methylation provides resistance to six classes of antibiotics of clinical and veterinary importance. The rlmN gene encodes the Rlm......N methyltransferase that methylates C-2 in A2503 in 23S rRNA and A37 in tRNA, but RlmN does not significantly influence antibiotic resistance. The enzymes are homologous and use the same mechanism involving radical S-adenosyl methionine to methylate RNA via an intermediate involving a methylated cysteine....... The differentiation between the two classes is supported by previous and new experimental evidence from antibiotic resistance, primer extensions, and mass spectrometry. Finally, evolutionary aspects of the distribution of Cfr- and RlmN-like enzymes are discussed....

  3. Ternary Mixtures of N-Docosane, N-Tricosane and N-Tetracosane Mélanges ternaires de n-docosane, n-tricosane et n-tétracosane

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nouar H.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Binary phase diagrams of the systems: n-docosane: n-tricosane (C22H46 : C23H48, n-tricosane: n-tetracosane (C23H48: C24H50 and n-docosane: n-tetracosane (C22H46: C24H50 have been established by means of structural and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. On the basis of these results and of X-ray examination of forty one ternary mixtures, it is proposed the ternary phase diagram (C22H46: C23H48: C24H50 at room temperature. This work has indicated the existence of limited terminal solid solutions near the three pure n-alkanes and three domains of orthorhombic intermediate phases (noted ß' 1, ß'' 1, ß' 2 identical to those observed in the binary systems. X-ray experiments have showed that the phases ß' 1, ß'' 2 situated on the both sides of the middle intermediate phase ß' 1, are isostructural as in the binary systems. Les diagrammes de phases des systèmes binaires : n-docosane : n-tricosane (C22H46 : C23H48, n-tricosane : n-tétracosane (C23H48 : C24H50 et n-docosane : n-tétracosane (C22H46 : C24H50 ont été établis à partir d'analyses thermiques différentielles (ATD et structurales. Sur la base de ces résultats, ainsi que de l'examen aux rayons X de 41 mélanges ternaires, le diagramme de phases du ternaire (C22H46 : C23H48 : C24H50 à température ambiante est proposé. Ce travail a indiqué l'existence de domaines limités de solutions solides au voisinage des trois n-alcanes purs, ainsi que de trois régions de phases intermédiaires orthorhombiques (notées ß' 1, ß 1, ß' 2 identiques à celles observées avec les systèmes binaires. Les analyses aux rayons X ont montré que les phases ß' 1 et ß' 2 situées de part et d'autre de la phase médiane intermédiaire ß1 sont isostructurales, tout comme dans le cas des systèmes binaires.

  4. tü Niyetli Yönetim Algılamasının Çalışanların Performansları Üzerindeki Etkisinde Duygusal Zekânın Rolü

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mahmut ÖZDEVECİOĞLU

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Çalışanlarıntü niyetli yönetim algılamalarının onların performansları üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkide duygusal zekâlarının rolünü ele alan bu çalışma Kırşehir’de 353 kamu memuru ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada performans, bağlamsal ve görev olmak üzere iki boyutta ele alınmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda duygusal zekânın, kötü niyetli yönetim algılamasının çalışanların performansları üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini azalttığı veya tamamen ortadan kaldırdığı belirlenmiştir. Bu temel sonuçla birlikte, duygusal zekânın bağlamsal ve görev performansı ile pozitif yönlü ilişkiye sahip olduğu, kötü niyetli yönetim algılaması ile bağlamsal ve görev performansı arasında negatif yönlü ilişki olduğu ve iki performans arasında anlamlı pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada ulaşılan bir diğer önemli sonuç ise, duygusal zekâ ile kötü niyetli yönetim algılaması arasındaki negatif yönlü ilişkidir.

  5. Photoaffinity labelling of the active site of the rat glutathione transferases 3-3 and 1-1 and human glutathione transferase A1-1.

    OpenAIRE

    Cooke, R J; Björnestedt, R; Douglas, K T; McKie, J H; King, M D; Coles, B; Ketterer, B; Mannervik, B

    1994-01-01

    The glutathione transferases (GSTs) form a group of enzymes responsible for a wide range of molecular detoxications. The photoaffinity label S-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)glutathione was used to study the hydrophobic region of the active site of the rat liver GST 1-1 and 2-2 isoenzymes (class Alpha) as well as the rat class-Mu GST 3-3. Photoaffinity labelling was carried out using a version of S-(2-nitro-4-azidophenyl)glutathione tritiated in the arylazido ring. The labelling occurred with higher ...

  6. Alterations at the peptidyl transferase centre of the ribosome induced by the synergistic action of the streptogramins dalfopristin and quinupristin

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fucini Paola

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The bacterial ribosome is a primary target of several classes of antibiotics. Investigation of the structure of the ribosomal subunits in complex with different antibiotics can reveal the mode of inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis. Analysis of the interactions between antibiotics and the ribosome permits investigation of the specific effect of modifications leading to antimicrobial resistances. Streptogramins are unique among the ribosome-targeting antibiotics because they consist of two components, streptogramins A and B, which act synergistically. Each compound alone exhibits a weak bacteriostatic activity, whereas the combination can act bactericidal. The streptogramins A display a prolonged activity that even persists after removal of the drug. However, the mode of activity of the streptogramins has not yet been fully elucidated, despite a plethora of biochemical and structural data. Results The investigation of the crystal structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Deinococcus radiodurans in complex with the clinically relevant streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin reveals their unique inhibitory mechanism. Quinupristin, a streptogramin B compound, binds in the ribosomal exit tunnel in a similar manner and position as the macrolides, suggesting a similar inhibitory mechanism, namely blockage of the ribosomal tunnel. Dalfopristin, the corresponding streptogramin A compound, binds close to quinupristin directly within the peptidyl transferase centre affecting both A- and P-site occupation by tRNA molecules. Conclusions The crystal structure indicates that the synergistic effect derives from direct interaction between both compounds and shared contacts with a single nucleotide, A2062. Upon binding of the streptogramins, the peptidyl transferase centre undergoes a significant conformational transition, which leads to a stable, non-productive orientation of the universally conserved U2585. Mutations of this r

  7. Gestión del capital intelectual: aplicación al mantenimiento técnico.

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Varo, Francisco; Salvador Vallès, Ramon

    2005-01-01

    Se propone un modelo y un cuadro de indicadores para la gestión del Capital Intelectual en el departamento de mantenimiento técnico de los equipos de un hospital. Bajo la perspectiva de mejorar la gestión de Capital Intelectual se analiza la situación del departamento, se establece un diagnóstico y una propuesta de actuación.

  8. Synthesis and X-ray structures of dilithium complexes of the phosphonate anions [PhP(E)(N(t)Bu)(2)](2-) (E = O, S, Se, Te) and dimethylaluminum derivatives of [PhP(E)(N(t)Bu)(NH(t)Bu)](-) (E = S, Se).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Briand, Glen G; Chivers, Tristram; Krahn, Mark; Parvez, Masood

    2002-12-16

    The dilithium salts of the phosphonate dianions [PhP(E)(N(t)Bu)(2)](2-) (E = O, S, Se) are generated by the lithiation of [PhP(E)(NH(t)Bu)(2)] with n-butyllithium. The formation of the corresponding telluride (E = Te) is achieved by oxidation of [Li(2)[PhP(N(t)Bu)(2)

  9. A novel method for screening the glutathione transferase inhibitors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Węgrzyn Grzegorz

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Glutathione transferases (GSTs belong to the family of Phase II detoxification enzymes. GSTs catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to different endogenous and exogenous electrophilic compounds. Over-expression of GSTs was demonstrated in a number of different human cancer cells. It has been found that the resistance to many anticancer chemotherapeutics is directly correlated with the over-expression of GSTs. Therefore, it appears to be important to find new GST inhibitors to prevent the resistance of cells to anticancer drugs. In order to search for glutathione transferase (GST inhibitors, a novel method was designed. Results Our results showed that two fragments of GST, named F1 peptide (GYWKIKGLV and F2 peptide (KWRNKKFELGLEFPNL, can significantly inhibit the GST activity. When these two fragments were compared with several known potent GST inhibitors, the order of inhibition efficiency (measured in reactions with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNB and glutathione as substrates was determined as follows: tannic acid > cibacron blue > F2 peptide > hematin > F1 peptide > ethacrynic acid. Moreover, the F1 peptide appeared to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of the GST-catalyzed reaction, while the F2 peptide was determined as a competitive inhibitor of this reaction. Conclusion It appears that the F2 peptide can be used as a new potent specific GST inhibitor. It is proposed that the novel method, described in this report, might be useful for screening the inhibitors of not only GST but also other enzymes.

  10. Glycoprotein I of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a unique polymorphic tandem-repeated mucin region

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Norberg, Peter; Olofsson, Sigvard; Tarp, Mads Agervig

    2007-01-01

    Glycoprotein I (gI) of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) contains a tandem repeat (TR) region including the amino acids serine and threonine, residues that can be utilized for O-glycosylation. The length of this TR region was determined for 82 clinical HSV-1 isolates and the results revealed......-glycosylation not only for the two most commonly expressed N-acetyl-d-galactosamine (GalNAc)-T1 and -T2 transferases, but also for the GalNAc-T3, -T4 and -T11 transferases. Immunoblotting of virus-infected cells showed that gI was exclusively O-glycosylated with GalNAc monosaccharides (Tn antigen). A polymorphic mucin...

  11. Aplicación del método Petrov-galerkin como técnica para la estabilización de la solución en problemas unidimensionales de convección-difusión-reacción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diego Alexander Garzón Alvarado

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo estudia el método Streamline Upwind Petrov Galerkin como técnica de estabilización de la solución numérica de las ecuaciones diferenciales de advección-difusión-reacción; se analiza el método a la luz de la naturaleza no auto adjunta del operador diferencial convectivo y de las transformaciones necesarias para la estabilización de la solución por medio de la eliminación del efecto no autoadjunto inducido por el término convectivo. Se desarrollaron seis diversos ejemplos numéricos, los cuales incluyen problemas de coeficientes variables, altamente convectivos, fuertemente reactivos, sistemas de ecuaciones diferenciales y soluciones transitorias. Se encuentra un excelente desempeño de esta técnica de estabilización para todos los casos anteriormente mencionados, exceptuando los problemas con términos reactivos fuertes.

  12. Obtaining the neutron time-of-flight instrument response function for a single D-T neutron utilizing n-alpha coincidence from the d(t, α) n nuclear reaction

    Science.gov (United States)

    Styron, Jedediah; Ruiz, Carlos; Hahn, Kelly; Cooper, Gary; Chandler, Gordon; Jones, Brent; McWatters, Bruce; Smith, Jenny; Vaughan, Jeremy

    2017-10-01

    A measured neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) signal is a convolution of the neutron reaction history and the instrument response function (IRF). For this work, the IRF was obtained by measuring single, D-T neutron events by utilizing n-alpha coincidence. The d(t, α) n nuclear reaction was produced at Sandia National Laboratories' Ion Beam Laboratory using a 300-keV Cockroft-Walton generator to accelerate a 2- μA beam, of 175-keV D + ions, into a stationary, 2.6- μm, ErT2 target. Comparison of these results to those obtained using cosmic-rays and photons will be discussed. Sandia National Laboratories.

  13. Acetate:succinate CoA-transferase in the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis: Identification and characterization

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    K.W.A. Grinsven; S. Rosnowsky (Silke); S.W.H. van Weelden (Susanne); S. Pütz (Simone); M. van der Giezen (Mark); W. Martin (William); J.J. van Hellemond (Jaap); A.G.M. Tielens (Aloysius); K. Henze (Katrin)

    2008-01-01

    textabstractAcetate:succinate CoA-transferases (ASCT) are acetate-producing enzymes in hydrogenosomes, anaerobically functioning mitochondria and in the aerobically functioning mitochondria of trypanosomatids. Although acetate is produced in the hydrogenosomes of a number of anaerobic microbial

  14. Cerebellar tDCS does not affect performance in the N-back task.

    Science.gov (United States)

    van Wessel, Brenda W V; Claire Verhage, M; Holland, Peter; Frens, Maarten A; van der Geest, Jos N

    2016-01-01

    The N-back task is widely used in cognitive research. Furthermore, the cerebellum's role in cognitive processes is becoming more widely recognized. Studies using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) have demonstrated effects of cerebellar stimulation on several cognitive tasks. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cerebellar tDCS on cognitive performance by using the N-back task. The cerebellum of 12 participants was stimulated during the task. Moreover, the cognitive load was manipulated in N = 2, N = 3, and N = 4. Every participant received three tDCS conditions (anodal, cathodal, and sham) divided over three separated days. It was expected that anodal stimulation would improve performance on the task. Each participant performed 6 repetitions of every load in which correct responses, false alarms, and reaction times were recorded. We found significant differences between the three levels of load in the rate of correct responses and false alarms, indicating that subjects followed the expected pattern of performance for the N-back task. However, no significant differences between the three tDCS conditions were found. Therefore, it was concluded that in this study cognitive performance on the N-back task was not readily influenced by cerebellar tDCS, and any true effects are likely to be small. We discuss several limitations in task design and suggest future experiments to address such issues.

  15. Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient histogram analysis: significance in T and N staging of gastric cancers.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Song; Zhang, Yujuan; Chen, Ling; Guan, Wenxian; Guan, Yue; Ge, Yun; He, Jian; Zhou, Zhengyang

    2017-10-02

    Whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis has been introduced and proved effective in assessment of multiple tumors. However, the application of whole-volume ADC histogram analysis in gastrointestinal tumors has just started and never been reported in T and N staging of gastric cancers. Eighty patients with pathologically confirmed gastric carcinomas underwent diffusion weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging before surgery prospectively. Whole-lesion ADC histogram analysis was performed by two radiologists independently. The differences of ADC histogram parameters among different T and N stages were compared with independent-samples Kruskal-Wallis test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the performance of ADC histogram parameters in differentiating particular T or N stages of gastric cancers. There were significant differences of all the ADC histogram parameters for gastric cancers at different T (except ADC min and ADC max ) and N (except ADC max ) stages. Most ADC histogram parameters differed significantly between T1 vs T3, T1 vs T4, T2 vs T4, N0 vs N1, N0 vs N3, and some parameters (ADC 5% , ADC 10% , ADC min ) differed significantly between N0 vs N2, N2 vs N3 (all P histogram parameters held great potential in differentiating different T and N stages of gastric cancers preoperatively.

  16. Caracterización funcional de la táctica deportiva. Propuesta de clasificación de los deportes

    OpenAIRE

    Solà Santesmases, Josep

    2005-01-01

    En un artículo anterior se había ofrecido una explicación de la táctica deportiva como un saber deportivo interpretativo. El presente artículo se articula como continuación de aquel recorrido deductivo que, habiendo partido del estudio general del saber deportivo, acotaba finalmente el fenómeno del  saber exclusivamente táctico. Nuestro artículo pretende profundizar y justificar los descriptores teóricos esenciales que permiten aclarar el concepto de táctica (saber, interpretación e integraci...

  17. Pulsating strings from two-dimensional CFT on (T4N/S(N

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Cardona

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available We propose a state from the two-dimensional conformal field theory on the orbifold (T4N/S(N as a dual description for a pulsating string moving in AdS3. We show that, up to first order in the deforming parameter, the energy in both descriptions has the same dependence on the mode number, but with a non-trivial function of the coupling.

  18. Glutathione s-transferase isoenzymes in relation to their role in detoxification of xenobiotics

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Vos, R.M.E.

    1989-01-01

    The glutathione S-transferases (GST) are a family of isoenzymes serving a major part in the biotransformation of many reactive compounds. The isoenzymes from rat, man and mouse are divided into three classes, alpha, mu and pi, on the basis of similar structural and enzymatic

  19. Generación de experiencias visuales en ciegos mediante estimulación táctil repetitiva

    OpenAIRE

    Tomás Ortiz; Juan M. Santos

    2012-01-01

    Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio han establecido que se puede generar una activación estable del córtex visual en ciegos mediante entrenamiento táctil pasivo prolongado. Esta neuroplasticidad cortical se acompaña en un 40% de los participantes invidentes de sensaciones visuales, así como de una mayor rapidez en el reconocimiento táctil de información espacial tales como líneas, iconos o imágenes, y es crucial para su correcta interpretación. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el ...

  20. Influencia de la sobremaduración en las propiedades mecánicas y comportamiento a corrosión bajo tensión de una aleación de aluminio 7075 T6

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Badía, J. M.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available The effect of a reageing heat treatment following a T6 temper on the mechanical properties and the stress corrosion cracking behaviour (SCC on the EN AW 7075 aluminium alloy is studied. The reageing time was 27 hours for all the temperatures used: 147, 152 and 163 ºC; this last temperature is indicated in the MIL-H-6088F standard to obtain the T73 temper from the T6 temper. The mechanical properties and the stress corrosion behaviour are evaluated and, compared with the T6 and T73 tempers. The evolution of the microstructure is analysed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC techniques, and related with the properties. The reageing following to the T6 temper made a more stable structure higher the temperature, and, consequently, lowing the stress corrosion susceptibility. For temperatures lower than 147 ºC, this diminution of stress corrosion susceptibility occurs without reducing the mechanical properties. So, the 147 ºC reageing heat treatment has better stress corrosion behaviour than the T6 temper, with similar mechanical properties. By the other hand, the stress corrosion susceptibility achieved with the 152 ºC reageing is slightly worse than the T73 one, but their mechanical properties are better.

    En este trabajo se estudia el efecto de la aplicación de una etapa de remaduración posterior al estado T6 sobre las propiedades mecánicas y el comportamiento a corrosión bajo tensiones de una aleación EN AW 7075. Todas las remaduraciones se dieron durante 27 horas a tres temperaturas distintas: 147, 152 y 163 ºC; esta última corresponde a la indicada por la norma MIL-H-6088F para la obtención del estado T73 a partir del estado T6. Se evalúan las propiedades mecánicas y a corrosión bajo tensiones de estos tratamientos, teniendo como referencia los tratamientos T6 y T73. Se analiza la evolución de la microestructura con técnicas de microscopia electrónica de transmisión (TEM y

  1. Generación de experiencias visuales en ciegos mediante estimulación táctil repetitiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Ortiz

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Estudios recientes de nuestro laboratorio han establecido que se puede generar una activación estable del córtex visual en ciegos mediante entrenamiento táctil pasivo prolongado. Esta neuroplasticidad cortical se acompaña en un 40% de los participantes invidentes de sensaciones visuales, así como de una mayor rapidez en el reconocimiento táctil de información espacial tales como líneas, iconos o imágenes, y es crucial para su correcta interpretación. Estos hallazgos pueden ser útiles para el diseño de mecanismos sustitutivosde la visión en ciegos, pero también son útiles para entender ciertos síntomas neuropsiquiátricos como lassinestesias.

  2. Bioquímica sérica e hemograma de bovinos antes e após a técnica de biópsia hepática Serum chemistry profile and complete blood count in cattle before and after liver biopsy technique

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Martins Amorim

    2003-06-01

    Full Text Available Avaliaram-se os efeitos da técnica de biópsia hepática sobre as atividades séricas das enzimas gama glutamil transferase (GGT, aspartato amino transferase (AST, fosfatase alcalina (FA, hemograma e fibrinogênio em 36 novilhas Nelore. Os animais foram submetidos ao procedimento de colheita de fragmento hepático, utilizando-se agulha de biópsia para determinação dos elementos minerais. As avaliações da bioquímica sérica foram realizadas em 20 novilhas, sendo divididas em dois grupos. No grupo 1 (n=10, colheu-se sangue em tubos a vácuo sem anticoagulante, antes da realização da biópsia e 24h após, e no grupo 2 (n=10 antes da biópsia e 96h após. Os valores do hemograma e do fibrinogênio foram obtidos antes e 96h após a realização do procedimento (n=16. A atividade sérica da AST aumentou significativamente (54,4% 24h após a realização da biópsia, porém estava dentro dos valores de referência 96h após o procedimento. As atividades séricas da GGT e da FA não sofreram aumentos nas 24h e 96h após a biópsia. A proteína total apresentou aumento significativo de 0,24g/dL 96h após o procedimento. Os demais parâmetros avaliados permaneceram dentro dos valores normais para a espécie. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a técnica de biópsia hepática empregada é segura e eficaz por não provocar dano hepático significativo e por obter rapidamente fragmentos adequados para análise bromatológica e histopatológica.The effects of liver biopsy technique on GGT (gama glutamil transferase, AST (aspartate amino transferase, FA (alcaline transferase serum activity, complete blood counting and fibrinogen were evaluated in 36 Nelore breed heifers. The animals were submitted to liver biopsy, using biopsy needle for mineral element determination. The biochemical profile evaluation were obtained in 20 heifers, being divided in two groups. In group 1 (n=10, blood was obtained with vacuum tubes without anticoagulant before

  3. Reducción de la demanda térmica originada en la vinificación en bodegas localizadas en zona de clima árido, mediante modelado térmico semi-empírico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alba Ramos Sanz

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de tres muestras de bodegas elaboradoras, de San Juan, Argentina, revela que la demanda energética (DE en la vinificación se vincula a los procesos térmicos que se desenvuelven en el interior de las envolventes de vinificación (EV. Estos procesos determinan la calidad del vino y se extienden desde la fermentación hasta la conservación del mismo, durante los cuales el producto requiere cierta rigurosidad térmica, a la que se refiere análogamente en este trabajo como confort del vino. Para determinar la incidencia del clima árido en las condiciones de confort del vino y en la consecuente DE en acondicionamiento térmico, se diseña una planilla de modelización semi-empírica. Mediante este instrumento se experimentan los procesos térmicos de fermentación y conservación del vino en períodos cálidos (fermentación y conservación y fríos (conservación. Los resultados de la modelización confirman que un incremento de la inercia térmica de las EV promueve la disminución de la carga térmica (QT, la cual repercute sobre la DE en la bodega.

  4. Interaction of Pleuromutilin Derivatives with the Ribosomal Peptidyl Transferase Center

    Science.gov (United States)

    Long, Katherine S.; Hansen, Lykke H.; Jakobsen, Lene; Vester, Birte

    2006-01-01

    Tiamulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic that is used in veterinary medicine. The recently published crystal structure of a tiamulin-50S ribosomal subunit complex provides detailed information about how this drug targets the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. To promote rational design of pleuromutilin-based drugs, the binding of the antibiotic pleuromutilin and three semisynthetic derivatives with different side chain extensions has been investigated using chemical footprinting. The nucleotides A2058, A2059, G2505, and U2506 are affected in all of the footprints, suggesting that the drugs are similarly anchored in the binding pocket by the common tricyclic mutilin core. However, varying effects are observed at U2584 and U2585, indicating that the side chain extensions adopt distinct conformations within the cavity and thereby affect the rRNA conformation differently. An Escherichia coli L3 mutant strain is resistant to tiamulin and pleuromutilin, but not valnemulin, implying that valnemulin is better able to withstand an altered rRNA binding surface around the mutilin core. This is likely due to additional interactions made between the valnemulin side chain extension and the rRNA binding site. The data suggest that pleuromutilin drugs with enhanced antimicrobial activity may be obtained by maximizing the number of interactions between the side chain moiety and the peptidyl transferase cavity. PMID:16569865

  5. CB-SMoT+: UNA EXTENSIÓN AL ALGORITMO CB-SMoT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FRANCISCO MORENO

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Una trayectoria es un registro de la evoluciónde la posición de un objeto móvil. Por ejemplo,un vehículo que se mueve en el espacio durante unintervalo de tiempo. Una trayectoria se representamediante una secuencia de observaciones que indicanla posición y el tiempo en el que fue tomada cadaobservación. CB-SMoT es un algoritmo que identificalas partes de una trayectoria durante las cuales elobjeto mantuvo una velocidad promedio por debajode un límite dado. En este artículo se propone unaextensión para dicho algoritmo que permite identificarlas partes de una trayectoria durante las cualesel objeto mantuvo una velocidad promedio entre observacionespor debajo de un límite dado. Esto posibilitala identificación, por ejemplo, de violacionesa un límite de velocidad que no son advertidas porel algoritmo original. Para el estudio se usó el sistemade gestión de bases de datos PostgreSQL y losalgoritmos se implementaron en su lenguaje de programación,llamado PL/pgSQL. Además, se hicieronexperimentos con 100 trayectorias de vehículos conel propósito de mostrar la utilidad y la viabilidad de lapropuesta.

  6. Antigen-primed helper T cell function in CBA/N mice is radiosensitive

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Phillips, N.E.; Campbell, P.A.

    1981-01-01

    CBA/N mice have an X-linked immunodeficiency that includes a deficient humoral response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). In order to study the cellular mechanisms of this deficiency we have examined helper T cell function to SRBC in an adoptive transfer system by using 2 different sources of helper T cells. When thymocytes were used as the source of helper T cell precursors in an adoptive transfer system, CBA/N thymocytes were as effective as CBA/Ca thymocytes in inducing CBA/Ca bone marrow cells to develop into both direct and indirect anti-SRBC plaque-forming cells (PFC). However, when SRBC-primed, irradiated recipient mice were used as the source of helper T cells, primed and irradiated CBA/N recipiets developed significantly fewer direct and indirect anti-SRBC PFC than similarly treated CBA/CA recipients when reconstituted with CBA/Ca bone marrow cells and challenged with SRBC. We conclude that antigen-primed helper T cell function in CBA/N mice is radiosensitive. Possible reasons for this are evaluated and discussed

  7. Evaluación técnica informática de la modalidad de capacitación virtual del SECAP Administración Central

    OpenAIRE

    Esparza Bernal, Carlos Fredy; Venegas Loor, Leopoldo Vinicio

    2015-01-01

    La presente investigación para la obtención del título de Magíster en Evaluación y Auditoría de Sistemas Tecnológicos, se basa en el desarrollo de la evaluación técnica informática de la modalidad de capacitación virtual del SECAP - Administración Central, para lo cual se utiliza el Marco de Referencia Internacional COBIT 5 (Objetivos de control para información y tecnologías relacionadas), bajo el dominio construir, adquirir e implementar, específicamente enfocándose en los procesos relacion...

  8. Hotellid loobuvad suuri kulutusi nõudvatest tärnidest / Andres Reimer

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Reimer, Andres

    2009-01-01

    Meriton loobub hotellide taset näitavatest tärnidest ega ole oma uutele hotellidele Conference & Spa ja Old Town enam tärne taotlenud, kuid väikesed, luksust hindavale kliendile orienteeritud Tallinna majutuskohad tärnisüsteemist ei loobu

  9. UHT Yöntemiyle İşlenmiş Sterilize Sütün Besin Değeri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emel Sezgin

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Sütün bir gıda olarak değeri günümüzde artık çok iyi bilinmektedir. Özellikle ülkemiz gibi hayvansal proteinin az tüketildiği yerlerde, içinde ihtiyacımız olan besin elementlerinin hemen hemen hepsini yeterli ve dengeli bir şekilde bulunduran sütün önemi daha da artmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi sütün besin değeri tamamen sütün bileşimiyle ilgili bulunmakta ve bu da hayvanın, türü, ırkı, yem, laktasyon mevsim ve benzeri faktörlerle geniş ölçüde değişmektedir. Süt esas olarak protein, kalsiyum ve bazı suda eriyen vitaminler yönünden önem taşımaktadır. Örneğin, 0.5 L süt 5 yaşındaki bir çocuğun protein ihtiyacının %40’ını kalsiyum ve riboflavin ihtiyacının %70’ni, tiamin, folik asit, A vitamini ihtiyacının 1/3’ni, B12 vitamini ihtiyacının ise tamamını karşılayabilmektedir.

  10. The role of glutathione S-transferase and claudin-1 gene polymorphisms in contact sensitization

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ross-Hansen, K; Linneberg, A; Johansen, J D

    2013-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Contact sensitization is frequent in the general population and arises from excessive or repeated skin exposure to chemicals and metals. However, little is known about its genetic susceptibility. OBJECTIVES: To determine the role of polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes...

  11. Compressed liquid densities for the (n-heptane + n-decane) and (n-octane + n-decane) systems from T = (313 to 363) K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quevedo-Nolasco, Rodolfo [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, SEPI-ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Ed. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER piso, Lindavista, C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Galicia-Luna, Luis A., E-mail: lgalicial@ipn.mx [Laboratorio de Termodinamica, SEPI-ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Ed. Z, Secc. 6, 1ER piso, Lindavista, C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Elizalde-Solis, Octavio [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica Petrolera, ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, UPALM, Edif. 8, 2o piso, Lindavista, C.P. 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2012-01-15

    Highlights: > We built an equipment which consists of a variable volume cell and a VTD Anton Paar DMA-HPM. > Compressed liquid densities are reported for n-heptane and n-decane. > Binary (n-heptane or n-octane + n-decane) systems were studied in the whole range of composition. > Derived properties were calculated from experimental data. - Abstract: Densities (p, {rho}, T, x{sub 1}) of two binary n-alkane systems are reported from T = (313 to 363) K in the compressed liquid phase up to 25 MPa over the whole range of composition. The binary mixtures {l_brace}x{sub 1}n-heptane + (1 - x{sub 1})n-decane{r_brace} and {l_brace}x{sub 1}n-octane + (1 - x{sub 1})n-decane{r_brace} were prepared at compositions of (x{sub 1} = 0.0531, 0.2594, 0.5219, 0.777, 0.952), and (x{sub 1} = 0.0616, 0.2801, 0.5314, 0.7736, 0.9623), respectively. A measuring system based on a vibrating tube densimeter, DMA HPM from Anton Paar with data acquisition system was developed in order to obtain experimental densities. Water and nitrogen were used as reference fluids to calibrate the densimeter. Experimental methodology was checked by comparing the n-heptane and n-decane densities against multi-parameter equations proposed in the literature. Differences between both sets of data show a maximum deviation of 0.07%. Excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity were computed from experimental densities.

  12. Compressed liquid densities for the (n-heptane + n-decane) and (n-octane + n-decane) systems from T = (313 to 363) K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quevedo-Nolasco, Rodolfo; Galicia-Luna, Luis A.; Elizalde-Solis, Octavio

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: → We built an equipment which consists of a variable volume cell and a VTD Anton Paar DMA-HPM. → Compressed liquid densities are reported for n-heptane and n-decane. → Binary (n-heptane or n-octane + n-decane) systems were studied in the whole range of composition. → Derived properties were calculated from experimental data. - Abstract: Densities (p, ρ, T, x 1 ) of two binary n-alkane systems are reported from T = (313 to 363) K in the compressed liquid phase up to 25 MPa over the whole range of composition. The binary mixtures {x 1 n-heptane + (1 - x 1 )n-decane} and {x 1 n-octane + (1 - x 1 )n-decane} were prepared at compositions of (x 1 = 0.0531, 0.2594, 0.5219, 0.777, 0.952), and (x 1 = 0.0616, 0.2801, 0.5314, 0.7736, 0.9623), respectively. A measuring system based on a vibrating tube densimeter, DMA HPM from Anton Paar with data acquisition system was developed in order to obtain experimental densities. Water and nitrogen were used as reference fluids to calibrate the densimeter. Experimental methodology was checked by comparing the n-heptane and n-decane densities against multi-parameter equations proposed in the literature. Differences between both sets of data show a maximum deviation of 0.07%. Excess molar volumes, isothermal compressibility and isobaric thermal expansivity were computed from experimental densities.

  13. Resolidificación con láser de barreras térmicas de circona depositadas por proyección térmica plasma (APS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diez, J. C.

    2004-12-01

    Full Text Available Coatings of partially stabilised zirconia are currently used as thermal barrier coatings in gas turbines and diesel engines. Zirconia coatings are usually processed via plasma spraying a well-established and relatively cheap technique. Thermal barrier coatings consist of 0.5 to 1 mm of porous ceramic bonded to the metallic substrate by a bond-coat. High porosity in the ceramic coating assure a good thermal behaviour but increases the chances for corrosion or chemical attack of the bondcoat and coating detach by delamination processes. The as sprayed surface is rough and sensitive to erosion. In the present work we obtained the processing conditions for laser remelting of Y-PSZ coatings deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying technique on Ni- alloys. A simple model accounts for the onset melting energy and its dependence with the processing speed. The remelted film is dense and with smooth surface and well bonded to the underlying porous coat.

    Los recubrimientos de circona parcialmente estabilizada con itria se usan habitualmente como barreras térmicas en turbinas y motores. Estos recubrimientos se suelen realizar mediante proyección térmica plasma (APS, una técnica relativamente económica y bien conocida en el sector industrial. Las barreras consisten de una capa de 0.5 a 1 mm de cerámica muy porosa unida a la aleación metálica mediante una capa de enlace. La elevada porosidad permite incrementar la resistencia al choque térmico pero provoca que el oxigeno u otros gases perniciosos para el substrato lleguen con relativa facilidad, produciéndose ataques que pueden acelerar el proceso de delaminación. Asimismo la superficie es rugosa y por tanto expuesta a la erosión por partículas. En este trabajo se presentan las condiciones óptimas que permiten la resolidificación mediante láser de la superficie de las capas de Y-PSZ (circona parcialmente estabilizada con itria depositadas por proyección térmica de plasma en aleaciones

  14. Optimización de la producción de biotensioactivos por Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guinea, J.

    1991-02-01

    Full Text Available This work describes the experimental results carried out on the optimization of the fermentation media of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1 which produces surface active products when grown on glucose as carbon source. Several parameters of the media have been found to be critical for the production of biosurfactants by this strain. The C/N ratio, the iron concentration and the incubation temperature cause a high increase of the CMC-1 values as a measure of surfactant production.En este trabajo se describen los resultados experimentales destinados a la optimización de la producción de biotensioactivos por Pseudomonas aeruginosa 44T1 en un medio mineral con glucosa como fuente de carbono. Se han ensayado diversos componentes del medio de cultivo y condiciones de incubación, siendo la relación C/N, la concentración de hierro así como la temperatura de incubación, los parámetros fundamentales que han incrementado los valores de CMC-1 como medida de la acumulación de tensioactivos.

  15. Glutathione S-transferase genotype and p53 mutations in adenocarcinoma of the small intestine

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Pedersen, Lisbeth Nørum; Kaerlev, L; Stubbe Teglbjaerg, P

    2003-01-01

    Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine (ASI) is a rare disease of unknown aetiology. The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) enzyme catalyses the detoxification of compounds involved in carcinogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, colon and lung, including constituents of tobacco smoke. We in...

  16. Low-energy approximation of K-N-T formula

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Markovic, S.; Simovic, R.; Markovic, S.)

    2007-01-01

    A simplified version of the K-N-T formula is derived in this paper by using some well justified approximations in low (diagnostic) range of photon energies. This formula is suitable mostly for analytical purposes and practical calculations [sr

  17. Effects of glutathione s-transferase (GST) M1 and T1 polymorphisms on antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress-related parameters in Korean subclinical hypertensive subjects after kale juice (Brassica oleracea acephala) supplementation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Hye-Jin; Han, Jeong-Hwa; Park, Yoo Kyoung; Kang, Myung-Hee

    2018-04-01

    Glutathione s-transferase ( GST ) is involved in the formation of a multigene family comprising phase II detoxification enzymes, involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. This study evaluated whether daily supplementation with kale juice could modulate levels of plasma antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress-related parameters. We further examined whether this modulation was affected by combined GSTM1 and T1 polymorphisms. Totally, 84 subclinical hypertensive patients having systolic blood pressure (BP) over 130 mmHg or diastolic BP over 85 mmHg, received 300 mL of kale juice daily for 6 weeks. Blood samples were drawn before start of study and after completion of 6 weeks. After supplementation, we observed significant decrease in DNA damage and increase in erythrocyte catalase activity in all genotypes. Plasma level of vitamin C was significantly increased in the wild/null and double null genotypes. The plasma levels of β-carotene, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity, and nitric oxide were increased only in the wild/null genotype after kale juice supplementation. The effect of kale juice was significantly greater in the GSTM1 null genotype and wild/null genotype groups, suggesting possibility of personalized nutritional prescriptions based on personal genetics.

  18. Catalysis of Silver catfish Major Hepatic Glutathione Transferase proceeds via rapid equilibrium sequential random Mechanism

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayodele O. Kolawole

    Full Text Available Fish hepatic glutathione transferases are connected with the elimination of intracellular pollutants and detoxification of organic micro-pollutants in their aquatic ecosystem. The two-substrate steady state kinetic mechanism of Silver catfish (Synodontis eupterus major hepatic glutathione transferases purified to apparent homogeneity was explored. The enzyme was dimeric enzyme with a monomeric size of 25.6 kDa. Initial-velocity studies and Product inhibition patterns by methyl glutathione and chloride with respect to GSH-CDNB; GSH-ρ-nitrophenylacetate; and GSH-Ethacrynic acid all conforms to a rapid equilibrium sequential random Bi Bi kinetic mechanism rather than steady state sequential random Bi Bi kinetic. α was 2.96 ± 0.35 for the model. The pH profile of Vmax/KM (with saturating 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and variable GSH concentrations showed apparent pKa value of 6.88 and 9.86. Inhibition studies as a function of inhibitor concentration show that the enzyme is a homodimer and near neutral GST. The enzyme poorly conjugates 4-hydroxylnonenal and cumene hydroperoxide and may not be involved in oxidative stress protection. The seGST is unique and overwhelmingly shows characteristics similar to those of homodimeric class Pi GSTs, as was indicated by its kinetic mechanism, substrate specificity and inhibition studies. The rate- limiting step, probably the product release, of the reaction is viscosity-dependent and is consequential if macro-viscosogen or micro-viscosogen. Keywords: Silver catfish, Glutathione transferase, Steady-state, Kinetic mechanism, Inhibition

  19. Integración de las técnicas de mercadeo y la relación estratégica comunitaria

    OpenAIRE

    Quiroga Naranjo, Diego Fernando

    2015-01-01

    Con el siguiente proyecto se pretende explicar cómo se realiza la integración de las técnicas de mercadeo y la relación estratégica comunitaria, debido a que las organizaciones utilizan conceptos comunitarios. Se analizan las principales estrategias de mercadeo como marketing mix, geomarketing, mercadeo de servicios, mercadeo relacional y mercadeo social. Se explican las técnicas de mercadeo como mercadeo directo, diferenciación de productos, segmentación de mercado, investigación de mercados...

  20. Material compuesto electroconductor con coeficiente de expansión térmica controlado

    OpenAIRE

    Borrell, Amparo; García Moreno, Olga; Fernández, Adolfo; Torrecillas, Ramón

    2009-01-01

    Material compuesto electroconductor con coeficiente de expansión térmica controlado. La presente invención se refiere a un material compuesto que comprende un componente cerámico, caracterizado por tener un coeficiente de expansión térmico negativo, y nanofilamentos de carbono, a su procedimiento de obtención y a sus usos como electroconductor en microelectrónica, óptica de precisión, aeronáutica y aeroespacial.

  1. β(1,3-glucanosyl-transferase activity is essential for cell wall integrity and viability of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María de Medina-Redondo

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The formation of the cell wall in Schizosaccharomyces pombe requires the coordinated activity of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and modification of β-glucans. The β(1,3-glucan synthase complex synthesizes linear β(1,3-glucans, which remain unorganized until they are cross-linked to other β(1,3-glucans and other cell wall components. Transferases of the GH72 family play important roles in cell wall assembly and its rearrangement in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus fumigatus. Four genes encoding β(1,3-glucanosyl-transferases -gas1(+, gas2(+, gas4(+ and gas5(+- are present in S. pombe, although their function has not been analyzed. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we report the characterization of the catalytic activity of gas1p, gas2p and gas5p together with studies directed to understand their function during vegetative growth. From the functional point of view, gas1p is essential for cell integrity and viability during vegetative growth, since gas1Δ mutants can only grow in osmotically supported media, while gas2p and gas5p play a minor role in cell wall construction. From the biochemical point of view, all of them display β(1,3-glucanosyl-transferase activity, although they differ in their specificity for substrate length, cleavage point and product size. In light of all the above, together with the differences in expression profiles during the life cycle, the S. pombe GH72 proteins may accomplish complementary, non-overlapping functions in fission yeast. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that β(1,3-glucanosyl-transferase activity is essential for viability in fission yeast, being required to maintain cell integrity during vegetative growth.

  2. Bisubstrate Kinetics of Glutathione S-Transferase: A Colorimetric Experiment for the Introductory Biochemistry Laboratory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Stefanidis, Lazaros; Scinto, Krystal V.; Strada, Monica I.; Alper, Benjamin J.

    2018-01-01

    Most biochemical transformations involve more than one substrate. Bisubstrate enzymes catalyze multiple chemical reactions in living systems and include members of the transferase, oxidoreductase, and ligase enzyme classes. Working knowledge of bisubstrate enzyme kinetic models is thus of clear importance to the practicing biochemist. However,…

  3. The phosphopantetheinyl transferases: catalysis of a post-translational modification crucial for life

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Beld, Joris; Sonnenschein, Eva; Vickery, Christopher R.

    2013-01-01

    Covering: up to 2013 Although holo-acyl carrier protein synthase, AcpS, a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), was characterized in the 1960s, it was not until the publication of the landmark paper by Lambalot et al. in 1996 that PPTases garnered wide-spread attention being classified...... knowledge on this class of enzymes that post-translationally install a 4′-phosphopantetheine arm on various carrier proteins....

  4. 26 CFR 1.103(n)-4T - Elective carryforward of unused private activity bond limit (temporary).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... bond limit (temporary). 1.103(n)-4T Section 1.103(n)-4T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Excluded from Gross Income § 1.103(n)-4T Elective carryforward of unused private activity bond limit... carryforward for any one or more projects described in A-5 of this § 1.103(n)-4T (carryforward projects). Q-2...

  5. Albino Farelerde Paraben Toksisitesine Karşı Urtica Dioica L. (Urticaceae Özütünün Koruyucu Rolünün Araştırılması

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Emine YALÇIN

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Özet. Bu çalışmada parabenin (hidroksibenzoik asit (HBA albino farelerde bazı biyokimyasal parametreler üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. HBA’nın toksik etkisine karşı ısırgan otu özütü koruyucu madde olarak seçilmiş ve tüm uygulama gruplarına iki doz halinde uygulanmıştır. Bu kapsamda bir grupta 6 albino fare (Mus musculus, 12-14 haftalık, 25-30 g olmak üzere 6 uygulama grubu oluşturulmuştur.  Çalışma süresince I. gruba pellet yem ve çeşme suyu, II. gruba 125 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü, III. gruba 250 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü, IV. Gruba 150 mg/kg.ca dozunda HBA, V. gruba 150 mg/kg.ca dozunda HBA + 125 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü, VI. gruba 150 mg/kg.ca dozunda HBA + 250 mg/kg.ca dozunda ısırgan otu özütü verilmiştir. Uygulama süresi sonunda farelerin kan örnekleri alınarak serum örnekleri elde edilmiştir. Serum örneklerinde Alanintransaminaz (ALT, Aspartattransaminaz (AST, kan üre azotu (BUN ve kreatinin parametreleri incelenmiştir. Ayrıca her uygulama grubuna ait karaciğer ve böbrek dokuları izole edilmiş ve GSH, MDA analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda HBA uygulanan gruplarda serum ALT, AST, BUN ve kreatinin plazma seviyelerinde önemli değişmeler gözlenmiştir. Bu değişimler HBA’nın hücreler üzerindeki muhtemel toksik etkileri ile açıklanabilir. Benzer şekilde HBA uygulanan gruplarda kontrol grubuna kıyasla MDA seviyelerinde artış gözlenirken, GSH seviyelerinde azalmanın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. HBA ile birlikte ısırgan otu özütü uygulanan gruplarda test edilen parametrelerde yeniden düzelme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar ısırgan otu özütünün HBA toksisitesine karşı koruyucu etkisini ortaya koymaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Paraben, Isırgan otu özütü, ALT, AST Abstract. In this study effects of paraben (hydroxybenzoicacid (HBA on some biochemical parameters in albino mice were investigated

  6. THE EXPERIENCE OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOME CULTIVATED PLANTS WITH THE GENE UGT ENCODING THE SYNTHESIS OF UDPG-TRANSFERASE IN ORDER TO CHANGE THE HORMONAL STATUS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rekoslavskaya N.I.

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available The gene ugt/iaglu was isolated from cDNA library obtained from seedlings of Zea mays L. Positive clones prepared by Lambda ZAPII (Stratagene, USA procedure were screened via western blot with antibodies to UDPG-transferase from corn endosperm raised in rabbit serum. The plasmid pBluescript harboring the gene ugt/iaglu was placed into Escherichia coli (E.coli DH5a under T7/T3 promoter. The gene ugt/iaglu was sequenced and the size was determined as much as 1740 bp. The UDPG-transferase or by trivial name Indoleacetic acid (IAA - glucose synthase (IAGlu-synthase binds IAA with glucose from UDPG thereby making the temporary inactivation and storing of this phytohormone which is capable to be released after the demand from cells. Several cultivated plants were used for transfromation with the gene ugt/iaglu from corn: tomato, potato, lettuce, egg-plant, pepper, strawberry, cucumber, squash, aspen, poplar, pine and others. All plants transformed with the gene ugt/iaglu showed fast growth, better flowering and harvest. The insertion and expression of the gene ugt/iaglu was confirmed in transformed tomato, potato and aspen with PCR, RT-PCR, southern and northern blottings. The contents of free IAA and its bound form IAGlu were higher as much as twice in tomato, potato and aspen transformed with the gene ugt/iaglu. The harvest of tomato was 3-4 times higher in transgenic tomato. The amount of potato tubers and their whole masses were 1.5 - 2 times higher in transgenic potato of several varieties in comparison to control.

  7. Interactions of photoactive DNAs with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase: Identification of peptides in the DNA binding domain

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Farrar, Y.J.K.; Evans, R.K.; Beach, C.M.; Coleman, M.S.

    1991-01-01

    Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (terminal transferase) was specifically modified in the DNA binding site by a photoactive DNA substrate (hetero-40-mer duplex containing eight 5-azido-dUMP residues at one 3' end). Under optimal photolabeling conditions, 27-40% of the DNA was covalently cross-linked to terminal transferase. The specificity of the DNA and protein interaction was demonstrated by protection of photolabeling at the DNA binding domain with natural DNA substrates. In order to recover high yields of modified peptides from limited amounts of starting material, protein modified with 32 P-labeled photoactive DNA and digested with trypsin was extracted 4 times with phenol followed by gel filtration chromatography. All peptides not cross-linked to DNA were extracted into the phenol phase while the photolyzed DNA and the covalently cross-linked peptides remained in the aqueous phase. The 32 P-containing peptide-DNA fraction was subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. Two sequences, Asp 221 -Lys 231 (peptide B8) and Cys 234 -Lys 249 (peptide B10), present in similar yield, were identified. Structure predictions placed the two peptides in an α-helical array of 39 angstrom which would accommodate a DNA helix span of 11 nucleotides. These peptides share sequence similarity with a region in DNA polymerase β that has been implicated in the binding of DNA template

  8. Interaction of pleuromutilin derivatives with the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Long, K. S.; Hansen, L. K.; Jakobsen, L.

    2006-01-01

    Tiamulin is a pleuromutilin antibiotic that is used in veterinary medicine. The recently published crystal structure of a tiamulin-50S ribosomal subunit complex provides detailed information about how this drug targets the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome. To promote rational design...... mutant strain is resistant to tiamulin and pleuromutilin, but not valnemulin, implying that valnemulin is better able to withstand an altered rRNA binding surface around the mutilin core. This is likely due to additional interactions made between the valnemulin side chain extension and the rRNA binding...

  9. Imidazopyridine and Pyrazolopiperidine Derivatives as Novel Inhibitors of Serine Palmitoyl Transferase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Genin, Michael J; Gonzalez Valcarcel, Isabel C; Holloway, William G; Lamar, Jason; Mosior, Marian; Hawkins, Eric; Estridge, Thomas; Weidner, Jeffrey; Seng, Thomas; Yurek, David; Adams, Lisa A; Weller, Jennifer; Reynolds, Vincent L; Brozinick, Joseph T

    2016-06-23

    To develop novel treatments for type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, we pursued inhibitors of serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT). To this end compounds 1 and 2 were developed as potent SPT inhibitors in vitro. 1 and 2 reduce plasma ceramides in rodents, have a slight trend toward enhanced insulin sensitization in DIO mice, and reduce triglycerides and raise HDL in cholesterol/cholic acid fed rats. Unfortunately these molecules cause a gastric enteropathy after chronic dosing in rats.

  10. From glutathione transferase to pore in a CLIC

    CERN Document Server

    Cromer, B A; Morton, C J; Parker, M W; 10.1007/s00249-002-0219-1

    2002-01-01

    Many plasma membrane chloride channels have been cloned and characterized in great detail. In contrast, very little is known about intracellular chloride channels. Members of a novel class of such channels, called the CLICs (chloride intracellular channels), have been identified over the last few years. A striking feature of the CLIC family of ion channels is that they can exist in a water- soluble state as well as a membrane-bound state. A major step forward in understanding the functioning of these channels has been the recent crystal structure determination of one family member, CLIC1. The structure confirms that CLICs are members of the glutathione S- transferase superfamily and provides clues as to how CLICs can insert into membranes to form chloride channels. (69 refs).

  11. Síndrome del túnel del tarso: Normalización de una técnica diagnóstica electrofisiológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Pablo Valderrama

    1994-10-01

    Full Text Available EI síndrome del túnel del tarso es una entidad frecuente en la población adulta, pero infrecuentemente documentada. En su diagnóstico los estudios de neuroconducción han demostrado ser importantes para confirmar su presencia y evaluar su severidad. La presente investigación, hace un análisis prospectivo de los hallazgos de neuroconducción motora de los nervios plantares interno y externo, encontrados en 32 individuos asintomáticos. Se verifica con el objeto de estandarizar valores de referencia para nuestro medio, aplicando la técnica de Felsenthal, para discriminar entre una lesión a nivel del túnel del tarso, lesiones aisladas de los nervios plantares o neuropatías distales por otra causa. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron una latencia motora promedio a través del túnel para el nervio plantar interno de 2.35 ms (rango O.64ms - 4.09ms y para el nervio plantar externo de 2.32ms (rango O.29ms - 3.77ms, también se establecieron velocidades de conducción proximal del nervio tibial para descartar anormalidades en su trayecto a través de la pierna, que pudieran invalidar los datos obtenidos distalmente.

  12. Contribución a la caracterización térmica de materiales con la técnica del alambre caliente (líquidos, gases y sus mezclas) y fotoacústica

    OpenAIRE

    Bedoya Pérez, Adrián Felipe

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se presentan metodologías experimentales y de análisis y procesamiento de la información para la caracterización térmica de líquidos y sólidos. En el primer caso se propuso un modelo que describe la conductividad térmica efectiva de un sistema de muestras de dos capas (no miscibles) obtenida con la técnica del alambre caliente. Por medio de un experimento simple se demuestra que la conductividad térmica efectiva obtenida con esta técnica debe ser modelada como un conjunto de r...

  13. Evaluación de complicaciones de la fístula arteriovenosa para hemodiálisis según la técnica de canalización

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ian Blanco Mavillard

    Full Text Available Resumen Introducción: La fístula arteriovenosa es el acceso vascular de elección para los tratamientos en hemodiálisis, puncionado periódicamente tres veces por semana. Existen tres tipos de técnicas de punción: en escalera, en área de punción y buttonhole. Las técnicas convencionales son causantes de gran morbilidad a medio y largo plazo, sin embargo, el Buttonhole está asociado a priori a la mejoraría de esos problemas. Objetivo: Comparar la técnica de punción de buttonhole con respecto a las técnicas convencionales para la canulación del acceso vascular en el tratamiento de Hemodiálisis, en función del grado de dolor asociado a la técnica, tasas de infección asociadas y la repercusión sobre la supervivencia del acceso vascular. Material y Método: Revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Se incluyeron estudios experimentales y observacionales en inglés y castellano publicados entre 2010 y 2015, que compararan la técnica de punción convencional respecto a la técnica de punción Buttonhole. Selección inicial por título y resumen. Se utilizaron las escalas CASPe y STROBE para la evaluación metodológica. Resultados: Se identificaron 1.827 estudios, de los que seleccionamos 13 tras el proceso de evaluación crítica. La heterogeneidad de resultados no permite afirmar que ninguna de las técnicas analizadas mejore los resultados en dolor en la punción o supervivencia del acceso, sin embargo, se asocia un aumento de eventos infecciosos con la técnica de Buttonhole. Conclusión: no se han hallado argumentos para asegurar que el Buttonhole pueda ser considerado una técnica de primera elección, debido a la heterogeneidad de las formas de medida de los estudios revisados.

  14. Primary overproduction of urate caused by a partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cassidy, M.; Gregory, M.C.; Harley, E.H.

    1980-01-01

    Inherited enzyme deficiencies are found in a small proportion of patients with gout who produce an excess of uric acid. The clinical, biochemical and therapeutic aspects of a case of hyperuricaemia caused by an atypical mutant hypoxanthine-guanine phophoribosyl transferase are presented. Urate overproduction was moderate and controlled by allopurinol therapy

  15. Nitric Acid and Water Extraction by T2EHDGA in n -Dodecane

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Campbell, Emily L. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Chemistry Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Holfeltz, Vanessa E. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; School of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Hall, Gabriel B. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Nash, Kenneth L. [Chemistry Department, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; Lumetta, Gregg J. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; Levitskaia, Tatiana G. [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA

    2017-11-10

    Liquid-liquid distribution behavior of nitric acid (HNO3) and water by a diglycolamide ligand, N,N,N',N'-tetra-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide (T2EHDGA) into n-dodecane diluent was investigated. Spectroscopic FTIR and NMR characterization of the organic extraction solutions indicate T2EHDGA carbonyl coordinates HNO3 and progressively aggregates at high acid conditions. Water extraction increases in the presence of HNO3. The experimentally observed distribution of HNO3 was modeled using the computer program, SXLSQI. The results indicated that the formation of two organic phase species—HNO3·T2EHDGA and (HNO3)2·T2EHDGA—satisfactory describes the acid transport behavior. Temperature dependent solvent extraction studies allowed for determination of thermodynamic extraction constants and ΔH and ΔS parameters for the corresponding extractive processes.

  16. Los productos típicos y su reglamentación.

    OpenAIRE

    Cartay, Rafael

    2003-01-01

    1.- Artículos Cartay, Rafael. "Los productos típicos y su reglamentación. Una tentativa de aplicación de la denominación de origen al cacao venezolano" Kalvatchev, Zlatko; Garzaro, Domingo; Guerra Cedezo, Franklin. "Theobroma Cacao L.: Un nuevo enfoque para nutrición y salud" Anido, Daniel; Gutiérrez, Alejandro. "La demanda de las calorías en Venezuela 1970-1995: Algunas evidencias empíricas" Molina, Luisa Elena. "Notas sobre la situación de la producción primaria de arroz en Ven...

  17. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a glutathione S-transferase from Xylella fastidiosa

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcia, Wanius; Travensolo, Regiane F.; Rodrigues, Nathalia C.; Muniz, João R. C.; Caruso, Célia S.; Lemos, Eliana G. M.; Araujo, Ana Paula U.; Carrilho, Emanuel

    2008-01-01

    Glutathione S-transferase from X. fastidiosa (xfGST) has been overexpressed in E. coli, purified and crystallized. Diffraction data were collected to 2.23 Å. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a group of multifunctional isoenzymes that catalyze the glutathione-dependent conjugation and reduction reactions involved in the cellular detoxification of xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds. GST from Xylella fastidiosa (xfGST) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by conventional affinity chromatography. In this study, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of xfGST is described. The purified protein was crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method, producing crystals that belonged to the triclinic space group P1. The unit-cell parameters were a = 47.73, b = 87.73, c = 90.74 Å, α = 63.45, β = 80.66, γ = 94.55°. xfGST crystals diffracted to 2.23 Å resolution on a rotating-anode X-ray source

  18. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of a glutathione S-transferase from Xylella fastidiosa

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Garcia, Wanius, E-mail: wanius@if.sc.usp.br [Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular ‘Sérgio Mascarenhas’, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil); Travensolo, Regiane F. [Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricação e Separações, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil); Rodrigues, Nathalia C.; Muniz, João R. C. [Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular ‘Sérgio Mascarenhas’, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil); Caruso, Célia S. [Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricação e Separações, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil); Lemos, Eliana G. M. [Laboratório de Bioquímica de Microrganismos e de Plantas, Departamento de Tecnologia, UNESP, Jaboticabal (Brazil); Araujo, Ana Paula U. [Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular ‘Sérgio Mascarenhas’, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil); Carrilho, Emanuel, E-mail: wanius@if.sc.usp.br [Grupo de Bioanalítica, Microfabricação e Separações, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil); Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular ‘Sérgio Mascarenhas’, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Carlos (Brazil)

    2008-02-01

    Glutathione S-transferase from X. fastidiosa (xfGST) has been overexpressed in E. coli, purified and crystallized. Diffraction data were collected to 2.23 Å. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) form a group of multifunctional isoenzymes that catalyze the glutathione-dependent conjugation and reduction reactions involved in the cellular detoxification of xenobiotic and endobiotic compounds. GST from Xylella fastidiosa (xfGST) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified by conventional affinity chromatography. In this study, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of xfGST is described. The purified protein was crystallized by the vapour-diffusion method, producing crystals that belonged to the triclinic space group P1. The unit-cell parameters were a = 47.73, b = 87.73, c = 90.74 Å, α = 63.45, β = 80.66, γ = 94.55°. xfGST crystals diffracted to 2.23 Å resolution on a rotating-anode X-ray source.

  19. Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency: two pathogenic mutations, V133E and C456F, in Japanese siblings.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Song, X Q; Fukao, T; Watanabe, H; Shintaku, H; Hirayama, K; Kassovska-Bratinova, S; Kondo, N; Mitchell, G A

    1998-01-01

    Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT; EC 2.8.3.5; locus symbol OXCT) is the key enzyme of ketone body utilization. Hereditary SCOT deficiency (MIM 245050) causes episodes of severe ketoacidosis. We developed a transient expression system for mutant SCOT cDNAs, using immortalized SCOT-deficient fibroblasts. This paper describes and characterizes three missense mutations in two SCOT-deficient siblings from Japan. They are genetic compounds who inherited the mutation C456F (c1367 G-->T) from their mother. Their paternal allele contains two mutations in cis, T58M (c173 C-->T) and V133E (c398T-->A). Expression of SCOT cDNAs containing either V133E or C456F produces no detectable SCOT activity, whereas T58M is functionally neutral. T58M is a rare sequence variant not detected in 100 control Japanese alleles. In fibroblasts from the proband (GS02), in whom immunoblot demonstrated no detectable SCOT peptide, we measured an apparent residual SCOT activity of 20-35%. We hypothesize that the high residual SCOT activity in homogenates may be an artifact caused by use of the substrate, acetoacetyl-CoA by other enzymes. Expression of mutant SCOT cDNAs more accurately reflects the residual activity of SCOT than do currently available assays in cell or tissue homogenates.

  20. Differential cross section measurement for the 6Li(n,t)4He Reaction

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhang Guohui; Tang Guoyou; Chen Jinxiang; Shi Zhaomin

    2002-01-01

    The differential cross sections and integrated cross sections of the 6 Li(n,t) 4 He reaction were measured at 1.85 and 2.67 MeV by using a gridded ionization chamber. Neutrons were produced through the T(p, n) 3 He reaction. The absolute neutron flux was determined through the 238 U(n, f) reaction. Present results are compared with existing data

  1. Clasificación de la variación conceptual de los términos basada en la modulación semántica discursiva

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Irina Kostina

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se describe una propuesta de clasificación de la variación conceptual proyectada en procesos polisémicos regulares e irregulares a los que están sometidos los términos como unidades léxicas en el discurso. Se sigue la metodología basada en corpus especializado para recuperar los contextos definitorios y explicativos por medio de los patrones metalingüísticos. Los datos se analizan cuantitativa y cualitativamente. Se aplica el eje de la equivalencia conceptual como instrumento metodológico para el análisis semántico de comportamiento de los términos en contextos de uso. El 81% de la muestra corresponde a la variación conceptual proyectada en los procesos polisémicos regulares, mientras que el 14% de la misma corresponde a la variación proyectada en procesos polisémicos irregulares. Los casos mixtos de variación comprenden a un 5%. Por otro lado, se proponen los criterios para distinguir los sentidos de un mismo concepto denominado por un término o sus variantes léxico-semánticas. Se espera que el presente estudio tenga un impacto en las investigaciones sobre desambiguación de significados de términos en contexto.

  2. Involvement of human glutathione S-transferase isoenzymes in the conjugation of cyclophosphamide metabolites with glutathione

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Dirven, H.A.A.M.; Ommen, B. van; Bladeren, P.J. van

    1994-01-01

    Alkylating agents can be detoxified by conjugation with glutathione (GSH). One of the physiological significances of this lies in the observation that cancer cells resistant to the cytotoxic effects of alkylating agents have higher levels of GSH and high glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity.

  3. AUMENTO EN LA RESISTENCIA A LA CORROSIÓN DE UN ACERO T91 ALUMINIZADO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUZ S. QUINTERO

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available El acero ferrítico T91 ha sido ampliamente utilizado en plantas de generación de energía eléctrica, calderas y plantas nucleares. Sin embargo, su resistencia a la oxidación se ve gravemente afectada a temperaturas superiores a los 600ºC. En esta investigación se empleó la técnica de cementación empacada para aluminizar un acero T91 y se encontraron las condiciones óptimas para la formación de un recubrimiento libre de porosidad y con espesor uniforme (300 micras. Se evaluó la capa de óxido formada luego de una exposición a 800ºC en atmósfera de aire. La caracterización del recubrimiento y de la capa de óxido (Al2O3 se llevó a cabo empleando un microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM, Espectroscopia de Rayos X (EDX y mapping. Se comprobó una buena resistencia a la oxidación del acero T91 aluminizado, debido a la formación de una fina capa continua de óxido de aluminio de aproximadamente 6 micras de espesor luego de una exposición de 7 días.

  4. Isolation and characterization of an auxin-inducible glutathione S-transferase gene of Arabidopsis thaliana

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Kop, D.A.M. van der; Schuyer, M.; Scheres, B.J.G.; Zaal, B.J. van der; Hooykaas, P.J.J.

    1996-01-01

    Genes homologous to the auxin-inducible Nt103 glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene of tobacco, were isolated from a genomic library of Arabidopsis thaliana. We isolated a λ clone containing an auxin-inducible gene, At103-1a, and part of a constitutively expressed gene, At103-1b. The coding regions

  5. Sağlık açısından toplumsal cinsiyet ve tütün kontrolü/Gender and tobacco control for health

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Saliha Dilek Öztoprak

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Özet Tütün kullanımı son zamanlara kadar bir erkek davranışı olarak algılanmış, özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki kadınlarda tütün kullanımı çok düşük düzeyde kalmıştır. Toplumun yüklediği roller gereği kadınlar “zayıf”, erkekler “güçlü” olarak algılanmıştır ve bu kadınları erkekler gibi güçlü olma arayışına itmiştir. Tütün endüstrisi bu durumu kendi lehine kullanarak cinsiyet normlarını değiştirmeye yönelik girişimlerde bulunmuştur. Sigarayı modern kadın olmanın, erkeklerle eşit olmanın, güçlü olmanın, özgürlüğün sembolü olarak göstermiştir. Kadınların tütün endüstrisinin ana hedefi haline gelmesiyle, tütün kullanım sıklığı açısından erkeklerle kadınlar arasındaki fark giderek kapanmaya başlamıştır. Sigara kadınlar için de büyük bir sağlık sorunu olmaya başlamıştır. Tütün kontrolünde, sigarayı cinsiyet eşitliğinin simgesi olarak gösteren anlayışla mücadeleye başlanmış, kadınları tütün endüstrisinin zararlarından korumak amaçlanmıştır. Bu makalede dünyada ve Türkiye’de sigara içme sıklığının cinsiyete ve yıllara göre nasıl değiştiğini, toplumsal cinsiyet ve tütün ilişkisini, sigaranın kadın sağlığı üzerine etkilerini ve kadınların tütün endüstrisinin ana hedefi haline nasıl geldiğini anlatmak amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplumsal cinsiyet, tütün endüstrisi, tütün kontrolü, sigara içme, sağlıkAbstract Until recently tobacco use has been perceived as a male behavior and especially among women in developing countries- tobacco use has remained very low. According to the roles imposed by society, women are perceived as “weak”, men are perceived as “strong” and this has led women to seek to be as strong as men. The tobacco industry has attempted to change gender norms by using this situation to its own advantage, showing the cigarette as a symbol of

  6. 26 CFR 1.103(n)-1T - Limitation on aggregrate amount of private activity bonds (temporary).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... activity bonds (temporary). 1.103(n)-1T Section 1.103(n)-1T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... Excluded from Gross Income § 1.103(n)-1T Limitation on aggregrate amount of private activity bonds (temporary). Q-1: What does section 103(n) provide? A-1: Interest on an issue of private activity bonds will...

  7. Impact of T and N substage on survival and disease relapse in adjuvant rectal cancer: a pooled analysis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gunderson, Leonard L.; Sargent, Daniel J.; Tepper, Joel E.; O'Connell, Michael J.; Allmer, Cristine; Smalley, Steven R.; Martenson, James A.; Haller, Daniel G.; Mayer, Robert J.; Rich, Tyvin A.; Ajani, Jaffer A.; Macdonald, John S.; Goldberg, Richard M.

    2002-01-01

    Purpose: To determine the rates of survival and disease control by TNM and MAC stage in three randomized North American rectal adjuvant studies. Materials and Methods: Data were merged from 2551 eligible patients on NCCTG 79-47-51 (n=200), NCCTG 86-47-51 (n=656), and INT 114 (n=1695). All patients received postoperative radiation, and 96% were randomized to receive concomitant and maintenance chemotherapy. Five-year follow-up was available in 94% of patients and 7-yr follow-up in 84%. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate the distribution of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS), and p values were derived using the log-rank test. Time to local and distant relapse was estimated using cumulative incidence methodology. Analyses were adjusted for treatment effect using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: OS and DFS were dependent on both TN stage and NT stage (N substage within T stage and T substage within N stage). Even among N2 patients (4 or more LN+), T stage influenced 5-yr OS (T1-2, 69%; T3, 48%; T4, 38%). Three risk groups of patients were defined: (1) intermediate: T3N0, T1-2N1; (2) moderately high: T4N0, T1-2N2, T3N1; and (3) high: T3N2, T4N1, T4N2. For Group 1, 5-yr OS was 74% and 81%, and 5-yr DFS was 66% and 74%. For Group 2, 5-yr OS ranged from 61% to 69%, and for Group 3, OS ranged from 33% to 48%. Cumulative incidence rates of local relapse and distant metastases revealed similar differences by TN and NT stage, as seen in the survival analyses. Conclusion: Patients with a single high-risk factor of either extension beyond the rectal wall (T3N0) or nodal involvement (T1-2N1) have improved OS, DFS, and disease control when compared to those with both high risk factors. Different treatment strategies may be indicated for intermediate- (T3N0, T1-2N1) vs. moderately high or high-risk patients in view of differential survival and rates of relapse. For future trial design, it may be preferable to perform separate studies, or a planned

  8. Analysis of selected glutathione S-transferase gene polymorphisms in Malaysian type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without cardiovascular disease.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Etemad, A; Vasudevan, R; Aziz, A F A; Yusof, A K M; Khazaei, S; Fawzi, N; Jamalpour, S; Arkani, M; Mohammad, N A; Ismail, P

    2016-04-07

    Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is believed to be associated with excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms result in decreased or absent enzyme activity and altered oxidative stress, and have been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study assessed the effect of GST polymorphisms on the risk of developing T2DM in individuals of Malaysian Malay ethnicity. A total of 287 subjects, consisting of 87 T2DM and 64 CVD/T2DM patients, as well as 136 healthy gender- and age-matched controls were genotyped for selected polymorphisms to evaluate associations with T2DM susceptibility. Genomic DNA was extracted using commercially available kits, and GSTM1, GSTT1, and α-globin sequences were amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Biochemical parameters were measured with a Hitachi autoanalyzer. The Fisher exact test, the chi-square statistic, and means ± standard deviations were calculated using the SPSS software. Overall, we observed no significant differences regarding genotype and allele frequencies between each group (P = 0.224 and 0.199, respectively). However, in the combined analysis of genotypes and blood measurements, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels, followed by age, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and history of T2DM significantly differed according to GST polymorphism (P ˂ 0.05). Genetically induced absence of the GSTT1 enzyme is an independent and powerful predictor of premature vascular morbidity and death in individuals with T2DM, and might be triggered by cigarette smoking's oxidative effects. These polymorphisms could be screened in other ethnicities within Malaysia to determine further possible risk factors.

  9. Hemorragia de tálamo en el recién nacido a término. Presentación de un caso: A case report

    OpenAIRE

    Vara Cuesta, Omar León; de Paula Paredes, Analíz

    2005-01-01

    Las hemorragias cerebrales en el recién nacido son importantes en la determinación de la morbimortalidad neonatal. Se presentó un caso de recién nacido a término que debutó con un cuadro de disfunción hemodinámica y neurológica, con agravamiento de su estado general y del ictero siendo tributario de la realización de una exanguíneo transfusión, mejorando el ictero y logrando una estabilidad hemodinámica, no así del todo su estado neurológico, por lo que se decide realizar un ultrasonido de cr...

  10. Aplicación de la técnica de asociación de la minería de datos en un caso de investigación

    OpenAIRE

    Giraldo Mejía, Juan Camilo; Noreña Cardona, Paola Andrea; Montoya Quintero, Diana María

    2013-01-01

    Introducción: hoy en día, la cantidad de datos que ha sido almacenada excede nuestra habilidad para reducirlos y analizarlos sin el uso de técnicas automáticas. Muchas bases de datos transaccionales y científicas crecen en una gran proporción. Metodología: una manera de analizar los datos eficientemente es con la aplicación de técnicas automáticas de minería de datos, siguiendo el proceso de obtención de conocimiento kdd. Este artículo muestra cómo se aplicó el kdd por medio de la técnica “A ...

  11. Extrinsic functions of lectin domains in O-N-acetylgalactosamine glycan biosynthesis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lorenz, Virginia; Ditamo, Yanina; Cejas, Romina B

    2016-01-01

    during O-GalNAc glycan biosynthesis. The presence of lectin domain T3lec or T4lec during ppGalNAc-T2 and ppGalNAc-T3 catalytic reaction had a clear inhibitory effect on GalNAc-T activity. Interaction of T3lec or T4lec with ppGalNAc-T2 catalytic domain was not mediated by carbohydrate. T3lec, but not T2......Glycan biosynthesis occurs mainly in Golgi. Molecular organization and functional regulation of this process are not well understood. We evaluated the extrinsic effect of lectin domains (β-trefoil fold) of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) on catalytic activity of glycosyltransferases...

  12. Contribución al estudio de los túneles ferroviarios de gran longitud

    OpenAIRE

    Beltrán Montero, Alberto

    2011-01-01

    En las últimas décadas estamos viviendo un fenómeno de expansión de las líneas ferroviarias de alta velocidad en todo el mundo. Los exigentes trazados de este tipo de líneas obligan a construir túneles de gran longitud y a grandes profundidades para poder atravesar los sistemas montañosos más importantes. La construcción de túneles de más de 20 kilómetros de longitud con coberteras superiores a los 1.000 metros, sigue siendo, a pesar del elevado número de proyectos de grandes túneles ejec...

  13. Thermal- and urea-induced unfolding processes of glutathione S-transferase by molecular dynamics simulation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Jiahuang; Chen, Yuan; Yang, Jie; Hua, Zichun

    2015-05-01

    The Schistosoma juponicum 26 kDa glutathione S-transferase (sj26GST) consists of the N-terminal domain (N-domain), containing three alpha-helices (named H1-H3) and four anti-parallel beta-strands (S1-S4), and the C-terminal domain (C-domain), comprising five alpha-helices (named H4-H8). In present work, molecular dynamics simulations and fluorescence spectroscopic were used to gain insights into the unfolding process of sj26GST. The molecular dynamics simulations on sj26GST subunit both in water and in 8 M urea were carried out at 300 K, 400 K and 500 K, respectively. Spectroscopic measurements were employed to monitor structural changes. Molecular dynamics simulations of sj26GST subunit induced by urea and temperature showed that the initial unfolding step of sj26GST both in water and urea occurred on N-domain, involving the disruption of helices H2, H3 and strands S3 and S4, whereas H6 was the last region exposed to solution and was the last helix to unfold. Moreover, simulations analyses combining with fluorescence and circular dichroism spectra indicated that N-domain could not fold independent, suggesting that correct folding of N-domain depended on its interactions with C-domain. We further proposed that the folding of GSTs could begin with the hydrophobic collapse of C-domain whose H4, H5, H6 and H7 could move close to each other and form a hydrophobic core, especially H6 wrapped in the hydrophobic center and beginning spontaneous formation of the helix. S3, S4, H3, and H2 could form in the wake of the interaction between C-domain and N-domain. The paper can offer insights into the molecular mechanism of GSTs unfolding. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Synthesis and characterization of N-t-BOC protected pyrrole-sulfur oligomers and polymers

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Groenendaal, L.; Pieterse, K.; Vekemans, J.A.J.M.; Meijer, E.W.

    1997-01-01

    The synthesis and characterization of a new class of pyrrole-sulfur compounds is described. These compounds are designed to be precursors for an organic analogue of poly(sulfur nitride). Poly(N-t-BOC-2.5-pyrrolyl sulfide) was prepared from N-t-BOC-2,5-dibromopyrrole by first lithiating this compound

  15. Inhibition of rat, mouse, and human glutathione S-transferase by eugenol and its oxidation products

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rompelberg, C.J.M.; Ploemen, J.H.T.M.; Jespersen, S.; Greef, J. van der; Verhagen, H.; Bladeren, P.J. van

    1996-01-01

    The irreversible and reversible inhibition of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) by eugenol was studied in rat, mouse and man. Using liver cytosol of human, rat and mouse, species differences were found in the rate of irreversible inhibition of GSTs by eugenol in the presence of the enzyme

  16. Resistance to the peptidyl transferase inhibitor tiamulin caused by mutation of ribosomal protein l3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bøsling, Jacob; Poulsen, Susan M; Vester, Birte; Long, Katherine S

    2003-09-01

    The antibiotic tiamulin targets the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and interacts at the peptidyl transferase center. Tiamulin-resistant Escherichia coli mutants were isolated in order to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to the drug. No mutations in the rRNA were selected as resistance determinants using a strain expressing only a plasmid-encoded rRNA operon. Selection in a strain with all seven chromosomal rRNA operons yielded a mutant with an A445G mutation in the gene coding for ribosomal protein L3, resulting in an Asn149Asp alteration. Complementation experiments and sequencing of transductants demonstrate that the mutation is responsible for the resistance phenotype. Chemical footprinting experiments show a reduced binding of tiamulin to mutant ribosomes. It is inferred that the L3 mutation, which points into the peptidyl transferase cleft, causes tiamulin resistance by alteration of the drug-binding site. This is the first report of a mechanism of resistance to tiamulin unveiled in molecular detail.

  17. Excavación de túneles en sección total y perforación en roca

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vié, G.

    1971-09-01

    Full Text Available There is a continuous increase in the size and importance of tunnels made in connection with public works, such as motor roads, and water supply systems, and also in other fields of engineering. The author reviews the new machinery now being used to excavate full section tunnels. He studies the various types of Jumbo machinery, helicoidal screw drilling equipment. Tunnellers, and similar devices, and their suitability in various types of rock. A description is given of projects where such equipment has been utilized, and the results are evaluated. Finally, the article deals with modern type hydraulic breaking super hammers, used in rock drilling.Cada día es mayor el número y la importancia de los túneles que se realizan tanto en el sector de las obras públicas (autopistas, abastecimientos de agua... como en los demás campos de la ingeniería. El autor pasa revista a la nueva maquinaria que actualmente se utiliza en la excavación de túneles a plena sección, examinando las características de diversos tipos de jumbos, perforadoras de tornillo helicoidal, «tunnelers», y su adecuación a los diferentes terrenos. Se describen algunas realizaciones en las que han intervenido estas máquinas, analizando los resultados por ellas obtenidos. Finalmente, el artículo se ocupa de los modernos supermartillos rompedores hidráulicos empleados en la perforación en roca.

  18. Calculation of the energy of particles emitted by the reactions {sup 3}{sub 1}T (d,n) {sup 4}{sub 2}He, D (d,n) {sup 3}{sub 2}He and D (d,p) T; Calcul de l'energie des particules emises par les reactions {sup 3}{sub 1}T (d,n) {sup 4}{sub 2}He, D (d,n) {sup 3}{sub 2}He et D (d,p) T

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Oria, M; Sorriaux, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1965-07-01

    With a view to ease the work of research workers using 150 kV electrostatic accelerators, we have calculated the energy and the emission angle of particles emitted during the reactions {sub 1}{sup 3}T(d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He, {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He and {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,p){sub 1}{sup 3}T. The results are classified in tables and arranged according to the acceleration energy of the deuterons. Since the energies considered are relatively low we have limited our study to the non-relativistic domain; this simplification results in a maximum energy variation with respect to the real energy values of 1 per cent. We give also two curves representing the variations in the total cross-sections for the reactions T (d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He and D (d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He. (authors) [French] De facon a faciliter la tache des experimentateurs utilisant des accelerateurs electrostatiques de 150 kV, nous avons calcule l'energie et l'angle d'emission des particules emises lors des reactions {sub 1}{sup 3}T(d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He, {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He and {sub 1}{sup 2}D(d,p){sub 1}{sup 3}T. Les resultats ont ete classes dans des tableaux, et ordonnes en fonction de l'energie d'acceleration des deuterons. Les energies considerees etant relativement peu elevees, nous avons limite notre etude au domaine non relativiste, cette simplification n'entraine qu'une variation maximale de 1 pour cent sur les valeurs reelles des energies. Nous avons joint a ce calcul deux courbes representant la variation des sections efficaces totales des reactions T (d,n){sub 2}{sup 4}He et D (d,n){sub 2}{sup 3}He. (auteurs)

  19. The Biochemistry of O-GlcNAc Transferase: Which Functions Make It Essential in Mammalian Cells?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levine, Zebulon G; Walker, Suzanne

    2016-06-02

    O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) is found in all metazoans and plays an important role in development but at the single-cell level is only essential in dividing mammalian cells. Postmitotic mammalian cells and cells of invertebrates such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila can survive without copies of OGT. Why OGT is required in dividing mammalian cells but not in other cells remains unknown. OGT has multiple biochemical activities. Beyond its well-known role in adding β-O-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, OGT also acts as a protease in the maturation of the cell cycle regulator host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) and serves as an integral member of several protein complexes, many of them linked to gene expression. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying OGT's biochemical activities and address whether known functions of OGT could be related to its essential role in dividing mammalian cells.

  20. OGT (O-GlcNAc Transferase) Selectively Modifies Multiple Residues Unique to Lamin A.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Simon, Dan N; Wriston, Amanda; Fan, Qiong; Shabanowitz, Jeffrey; Florwick, Alyssa; Dharmaraj, Tejas; Peterson, Sherket B; Gruenbaum, Yosef; Carlson, Cathrine R; Grønning-Wang, Line M; Hunt, Donald F; Wilson, Katherine L

    2018-05-17

    The LMNA gene encodes lamins A and C with key roles in nuclear structure, signaling, gene regulation, and genome integrity. Mutations in LMNA cause over 12 diseases ('laminopathies'). Lamins A and C are identical for their first 566 residues. However, they form separate filaments in vivo, with apparently distinct roles. We report that lamin A is β- O -linked N -acetylglucosamine- (O -GlcNAc)-modified in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells and in mouse liver. In vitro assays with purified O -GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme showed robust O -GlcNAcylation of recombinant mature lamin A tails (residues 385⁻646), with no detectable modification of lamin B1, lamin C, or 'progerin' (Δ50) tails. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 11 O -GlcNAc sites in a 'sweet spot' unique to lamin A, with up to seven sugars per peptide. Most sites were unpredicted by current algorithms. Double-mutant (S612A/T643A) lamin A tails were still robustly O -GlcNAc-modified at seven sites. By contrast, O -GlcNAcylation was undetectable on tails bearing deletion Δ50, which causes Hutchinson⁻Gilford progeria syndrome, and greatly reduced by deletion Δ35. We conclude that residues deleted in progeria are required for substrate recognition and/or modification by OGT in vitro. Interestingly, deletion Δ35, which does not remove the majority of identified O -GlcNAc sites, does remove potential OGT-association motifs (lamin A residues 622⁻625 and 639⁻645) homologous to that in mouse Tet1. These biochemical results are significant because they identify a novel molecular pathway that may profoundly influence lamin A function. The hypothesis that lamin A is selectively regulated by OGT warrants future testing in vivo, along with two predictions: genetic variants may contribute to disease by perturbing OGT-dependent regulation, and nutrient or other stresses might cause OGT to misregulate wildtype lamin A.

  1. T-2 Toxin-induced Toxicity in Pregnant Mice and Rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shinya Sehata

    2008-11-01

    Full Text Available T-2 toxin is a cytotoxic secondary fungal metabolite that belongs to the trichothecene mycotoxin family. This mycotoxin is a well known inhibitor of protein synthesis through its high binding affinity to peptidyl transferase, which is an integral part of the ribosomal 60s subunit, and it also inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, probably secondary to the inhibition of protein synthesis. In addition, T-2 toxin is said to induce apoptosis in many types of cells bearing high proliferating activity. T-2 toxin readily passes the placenta and is distributed to embryo/fetal tissues, which include many component cells bearing high proliferating activity. This paper reviews the reported data related to T-2 toxin-induced maternal and fetal toxicities in pregnant mice and rats. The mechanisms of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in maternal and fetal tissues are also discussed in this paper.

  2. Análisis de la satisfacción laboral de técnicos deportivos de pádel y natación

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez-Alcaraz Martínez, Bernardino Javier; Gómez Mármol, Alberto; Parra Meroño, María Concepción; García Montiel, Juan Antonio

    2014-01-01

    El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los técnicos deportivos de pádel y natación en función del sexo, edad, antigüedad en la empresa, tipo de contrato y horas de trabajo semanales. Para ello, se administró el Cuestionario de satisfacción laboral para técnicos deportivos (CSLTD) a 125 técnicos de pádel y natación (78 hombres y 47 mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 53 años (M = 28,78; DT= 8,94). Los resultados mostraron unos valores de satisfa...

  3. Motor skills related to body movement and dance. t-patterns detection Habilidades motrices en expresión corporal y danza. Detección de t-patterns

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Dinušová

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available

    In the learning processes that promotes the generation of motor actions, teachers usually propose instructions based on kinetic models. The aim of this study is to observe what type of motor answers the subjects generate from kinesic models offered by the teachers. The motor answers to observe refer to the patterns of motor skills of stability, locomotion and manipulation, variations of body-space, time and interaction between participants. 12 Phsysical Activity and Sports Science students without experience in dance participated in the study. 8 sessions were observed focused on space, time, energy and body contact. A specific instrument was created, the observational system of motor skills OSMOS (Castañer, Torrents, Anguera y Dinusôva, 2008,. It was codified with ThemeCoder  (Pattern Vision, 2001 and SDIS-GSEQ   (Bakeman &  Quera, 1996 and THEME (Magnusson, 2000 were used for the reliability and detection of T-patterns .
    Key Words:  Motor Skills, Field Format, Body expression and dance, Motor T-Patterns detection, Kinesic's Model.

    En todo proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que promueva la generación de acciones motrices, la elección de los modelos que usan los docentes es una decisión pedagógica de mayor importancia de la que se le suele otorgar.  El objetivo de la investigación es el de observar y constatar qué tipo de respuestas motrices generan los discentes a partir de los modelos de tipo cinésico ofrecidos por los docentes. Las respuestas motrices a observar se refieren a los patrones de habilidades motrices, las variaciones de cuerpo-espacio y tiempo así como de interacción entre los participantes. Han participado en el estudio 12 estudiantes de primer ciclo en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el deporte con alto bagaje deportivo pero sin experiencia en danza y expresión corporal (EC. Se observaron 8 sesiones

  4. Molecular evolution of Theta-class glutathione transferase for enhanced activity with the anticancer drug 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea and other alkylating agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Larsson, Anna-Karin; Shokeer, Abeer; Mannervik, Bengt

    2010-05-01

    Glutathione transferase (GST) displaying enhanced activity with the cytostatic drug 1,3-bis-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) and structurally related alkylating agents was obtained by molecular evolution. Mutant libraries created by recursive recombination of cDNA coding for human and rodent Theta-class GSTs were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and screened with the surrogate substrate 4-nitrophenethyl bromide (NPB) for enhanced alkyltransferase activity. A mutant with a 70-fold increased catalytic efficiency with NPB, compared to human GST T1-1, was isolated. The efficiency in degrading BCNU had improved 170-fold, significantly more than with the model substrate NPB. The enhanced catalytic activity of the mutant GST was also 2-fold higher with BCNU than wild-type mouse GST T1-1, which is 80-fold more efficient than wild-type human GST T1-1. We propose that GSTs catalyzing inactivation of anticancer drugs may find clinical use in protecting sensitive normal tissues to toxic side-effects in treated patients, and as selectable markers in gene therapy. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Actualización en técnicas de la cirugía de cataratas. Revisión bibliográfica

    OpenAIRE

    Sáez Sánchez, Javier

    2015-01-01

    A. Valorar la evolución de las diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas a lo largo de la historia de la cirugía de catarata B. Evaluar los diferentes avances en la obtención de la potencia de LIO más adecuada y las lentes intraoculares C. Ventajas e Inconvenientes de las técnicas más avanzadas de la cirugía de cataratas: La importancia de la formación en técnicas quirúrgicas oftalmológicas. D. Guía de cuidados de enfermería específicos para la cirugía de cataratas. Máster Universitario en ...

  6. Complete genome sequence of the actinobacterium Amycolatopsis japonica MG417-CF17T (=DSM 44213T) producing (S,S)-N,N′-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Stegmann, Evi; Albersmeier, Andreas; Spohn, Marius

    2014-01-01

    We report the complete genome sequence of Amycolatopsis japonica MG417-CF17T (=DSM 44213T) which was identified as the producer of (S,S)-N,N′-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid during a screening for phospholipase C inhibitors. The genome of A. japonica MG417-CF17T consists of two replicons: the chro......We report the complete genome sequence of Amycolatopsis japonica MG417-CF17T (=DSM 44213T) which was identified as the producer of (S,S)-N,N′-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid during a screening for phospholipase C inhibitors. The genome of A. japonica MG417-CF17T consists of two replicons...

  7. Simulación visual de la iluminación : teoría, técnicas, análisis de casos

    OpenAIRE

    Monedero Isorna, Javier

    2015-01-01

    Descripció del recurs: 10 de desembre de 2015 La simulación de la iluminación es uno de los grandes temas implicados en la creación de escenarios virtuales. Requiere asimilar diversas técnicas que derivan de principios teóricos, sin cuyo conocimiento será difícil utilizar bien estas técnicas y también se necesita una buena formación visual, la capacidad de observar, de razonar visualmente, de reflexionar sobre los causas que subyacen a los fenómenos visuales, a las apariencias de objetos y...

  8. The n-by-T Target Discharge Strategy for Inpatient Units.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Parikh, Pratik J; Ballester, Nicholas; Ramsey, Kylie; Kong, Nan; Pook, Nancy

    2017-07-01

    Ineffective inpatient discharge planning often causes discharge delays and upstream boarding. While an optimal discharge strategy that works across all units at a hospital is likely difficult to identify and implement, a strategy that provides a reasonable target to the discharge team appears feasible. We used observational and retrospective data from an inpatient trauma unit at a Level 2 trauma center in the Midwest US. Our proposed novel n-by-T strategy-discharge n patients by the Tth hour-was evaluated using a validated simulation model. Outcome measures included 2 measures: time-based (mean discharge completion and upstream boarding times) and capacity-based (increase in annual inpatient and upstream bed hours). Data from the pilot implementation of a 2-by-12 strategy at the unit was obtained and analyzed. The model suggested that the 1-by-T and 2-by-T strategies could advance the mean completion times by over 1.38 and 2.72 h, respectively (for 10 AM ≤ T ≤ noon, occupancy rate = 85%); the corresponding mean boarding time reductions were nearly 11% and 15%. These strategies could increase the availability of annual inpatient and upstream bed hours by at least 2,469 and 500, respectively. At 100% occupancy rate, the hospital-favored 2-by-12 strategy reduced the mean boarding time by 26.1%. A pilot implementation of the 2-by-12 strategy at the unit corroborated with the model findings: a 1.98-h advancement in completion times (Pstrategies, such as the n-by-T, can help substantially reduce discharge lateness and upstream boarding, especially during high unit occupancy. To sustain implementation, necessary commitment from the unit staff and physicians is vital, and may require some training.

  9. Evaluación de la capacidad de reconocimiento de los anticuerpos monoclonales conjugados: IOR T3, T4 Y T8 Assessment of recognition ability of conjugate monoclonal antibodies: IOR T3, T4 and T8

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Liliana Pérez Toledo

    2000-04-01

    Full Text Available En la infección por VIH la evaluación secuencial de los valores de linfocitos CD3, CD4 y CD8 aportan información para el establecimiento del estado clínico y el pronóstico de los pacientes. Disponer de reactivos óptimos, producidos en nuestro país, para su uso en citometría de flujo, implica un ahorro sin que se afecte la calidad. El Laboratorio Diagnóstico del Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IPK correlacionó el porcentaje de linfocitos reconocidos por los anticuerpos monoclonales (AcMs conjugados producidos por el Centro de Inmunología Molecular (CIM (CIMAB SA, La Habana, Cuba [ior T3, T4 y T8] frente a sus similares de la casa comercial DAKO AG (Dinamarca, en muestras de pacientes en diferentes estadios de la enfermedad, tomados aleatoriamente. Los resultados del coeficiente de correlación para cada AcM utilizando una regresión simple, fueron los siguientes: CD3=0,932; CD4=0,986; CD8=0,958. Con este estudio se demostró que los AcMs conjugados de la serie ior (CIMAB SA se comportan, en cuanto a porcentaje de reconocimiento, de forma similar a los de la casa comercial DAKO, lo que posibilita el diagnóstico y monitoreo de los pacientes VIH/SIDA cubanosIn VIH infection, sequential assessment of CD3, CD4, and CD8 lymphocytes values, provide information to stablishment of clinical status and prognosis of patients. Availability of optimal reagents of national manufacture to use in flow cytometry, means a saving without to affect quality. Diagnostic Laboratory of "Pedro Kourí" Institute of Tropical Medicine (IPK to correlates percentage of lymphocytes recognized by conjugate monoclonal antibodies (MAB, produced by Center of Molecular Immunology (CMI (CIMAB S.A. Havana, Cuba [ior T3, T4, and T8] versus homologous of DAKO AG commercial firm (Denmark in randomized patient´s samples in different diseases stage. Results of correlation coefficient to each MAB, using single regression were as follow: CD3=0,932; CD4=0,986; CD8=0,958. This

  10. Aumento en la resistencia a la corrosión de un acero t91 aluminizado

    OpenAIRE

    QUINTERO, LUZ S.; LAVERDE, DIONISIO; ESCALANTE, HUMBERTO

    2011-01-01

    El acero ferrítico T91 ha sido ampliamente utilizado en plantas de generación de energía eléctrica, calderas y plantas nucleares. Sin embargo, su resistencia a la oxidación se ve gravemente afectada a temperaturas superiores a los 600ºC. En esta investigación se empleó la técnica de cementación empacada para aluminizar un acero T91 y se encontraron las condiciones óptimas para la formación de un recubrimiento libre de porosidad y con espesor uniforme (300 micras). Se evaluó la capa de óxido f...

  11. Measurement of event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations using strongly intensive measures $\\Delta[P_T, N]$ and $\\Sigma[P_T, N]$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

    CERN Document Server

    Anticic, T.; Bartke, J.; Beck, H.; Betev, L.; Białkowska, H.; Blume, C.; Boimska, B.; Book, J.; Botje, M.; Bunčić, P.; Christakoglou, P.; Chung, P.; Chvala, O.; Cramer, J.; Eckardt, V.; Fodor, Z.; Foka, P.; Friese, V.; Gaździcki, M.; Grebieszkow, K.; Höhne, C.; Kadija, K.; Karev, A.; Kolesnikov, V.; Kowalski, M.; Kresan, D.; Laszlo, A.; Lacey, R.; van Leeuwen, M.; Maćkowiak-Pawłowska, M.; Makariev, M.; Malakhov, A.; Melkumov, G.; Mitrovski, M.; Mrówczyński, S.; Pálla, G.; Panagiotou, A.; Pluta, J.; Prindle, D.; Pühlhofer, F.; Renfordt, R.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Rybczyński, M.; Rybicki, A.; Sandoval, A.; Rustamov, A.; Schmitz, N.; Schuster, T.; Seyboth, P.; Siklér, F.; Skrzypczak, E.; Słodkowski, M.; Stefanek, G.; Stock, R.; Ströbele, H.; Susa, T.; Szuba, M.; Varga, D.; Vassiliou, M.; Veres, G.; Vesztergombi, G.; Vranić, D.; Włodarczyk, Z.; Wojtaszek-Szwarc, A.

    2015-10-12

    Results from the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS are presented on event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations of charged particles, produced at forward rapidities in central Pb+Pb interactions at beam momenta 20$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 80$A$, and 158$A$ GeV/c, as well as in systems of different size ($p+p$, C+C, Si+Si, and Pb+Pb) at 158$A$ GeV/c. This publication extends the previous NA49 measurements of the strongly intensive measure $\\Phi_{p_T}$ by a study of the recently proposed strongly intensive measures of fluctuations $\\Delta[P_T, N]$ and $\\Sigma[P_T, N]$. In the explored kinematic region transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations show no significant energy dependence in the SPS energy range. However, a remarkable system size dependence is observed for both $\\Delta[P_T, N]$ and $\\Sigma[P_T, N]$, with the largest values measured in peripheral Pb+Pb interactions. The results are compared with NA61/SHINE measurements in $p+p$ collisions, as well as with predictions of the UrQMD and ...

  12. High-accuracy determination of the neutron flux at n{sub T}OF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barbagallo, M.; Colonna, N.; Mastromarco, M.; Meaze, M.; Tagliente, G.; Variale, V. [Sezione di Bari, INFN, Bari (Italy); Guerrero, C.; Andriamonje, S.; Boccone, V.; Brugger, M.; Calviani, M.; Cerutti, F.; Chin, M.; Ferrari, A.; Kadi, Y.; Losito, R.; Versaci, R.; Vlachoudis, V. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Tsinganis, A. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens (Greece); Tarrio, D.; Duran, I.; Leal-Cidoncha, E.; Paradela, C. [Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago (Spain); Altstadt, S.; Goebel, K.; Langer, C.; Reifarth, R.; Schmidt, S.; Weigand, M. [Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt (Germany); Andrzejewski, J.; Marganiec, J.; Perkowski, J. [Uniwersytet Lodzki, Lodz (Poland); Audouin, L.; Leong, L.S.; Tassan-Got, L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 - IPN, Orsay (France); Becares, V.; Cano-Ott, D.; Garcia, A.R.; Gonzalez-Romero, E.; Martinez, T.; Mendoza, E. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain); Becvar, F.; Krticka, M.; Kroll, J.; Valenta, S. [Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Belloni, F.; Fraval, K.; Gunsing, F.; Lampoudis, C.; Papaevangelou, T. [Commissariata l' Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay - Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Berthoumieux, E.; Chiaveri, E. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Commissariata l' Energie Atomique (CEA) Saclay - Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Billowes, J.; Ware, T.; Wright, T. [University of Manchester, Manchester (United Kingdom); Bosnar, D.; Zugec, P. [University of Zagreb, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Zagreb (Croatia); Calvino, F.; Cortes, G.; Gomez-Hornillos, M.B.; Riego, A. [Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain); Carrapico, C.; Goncalves, I.F.; Sarmento, R.; Vaz, P. [Universidade Tecnica de Lisboa, Instituto Tecnologico e Nuclear, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisboa (Portugal); Cortes-Giraldo, M.A.; Praena, J.; Quesada, J.M.; Sabate-Gilarte, M. [Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla (Spain); Diakaki, M.; Karadimos, D.; Kokkoris, M.; Vlastou, R. [National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Athens (Greece); Domingo-Pardo, C.; Giubrone, G.; Tain, J.L. [CSIC-Universidad de Valencia, Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular, Valencia (Spain); Dressler, R.; Kivel, N.; Schumann, D.; Steinegger, P. [Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI (Switzerland); Dzysiuk, N.; Mastinu, P.F. [Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, INFN, Rome (Italy); Eleftheriadis, C.; Manousos, A. [Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki (Greece); Ganesan, S.; Gurusamy, P.; Saxena, A. [Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai (IN); Griesmayer, E.; Jericha, E.; Leeb, H. [Technische Universitaet Wien, Atominstitut, Wien (AT); Hernandez-Prieto, A. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (CH); Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona (ES); Jenkins, D.G.; Vermeulen, M.J. [University of York, Heslington, York (GB); Kaeppeler, F. [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, Karlsruhe (DE); Koehler, P. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge (US); Lederer, C. [Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt (DE); University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna (AT); Massimi, C.; Mingrone, F.; Vannini, G. [Universita di Bologna (IT); INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Dipartimento di Fisica, Bologna (IT); Mengoni, A.; Ventura, A. [Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l' energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), Bologna (IT); Milazzo, P.M. [Sezione di Trieste, INFN, Trieste (IT); Mirea, M. [Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH, Bucharest - Magurele (RO); Mondalaers, W.; Plompen, A.; Schillebeeckx, P. [Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, European Commission JRC, Geel (BE); Pavlik, A.; Wallner, A. [University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Vienna (AT); Rauscher, T. [University of Basel, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Basel (CH); Roman, F. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (CH); Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering - IFIN HH, Bucharest - Magurele (RO); Rubbia, C. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (CH); Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso dell' INFN, Assergi (AQ) (IT); Weiss, C. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (CH); Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universitaet, Frankfurt (DE)

    2013-12-15

    The neutron flux of the n{sub T}OF facility at CERN was measured, after installation of the new spallation target, with four different systems based on three neutron-converting reactions, which represent accepted cross sections standards in different energy regions. A careful comparison and combination of the different measurements allowed us to reach an unprecedented accuracy on the energy dependence of the neutron flux in the very wide range (thermal to 1 GeV) that characterizes the n{sub T}OF neutron beam. This is a pre-requisite for the high accuracy of cross section measurements at n{sub T}OF. An unexpected anomaly in the neutron-induced fission cross section of {sup 235}U is observed in the energy region between 10 and 30keV, hinting at a possible overestimation of this important cross section, well above currently assigned uncertainties. (orig.)

  13. Estrategias para mejorar la reperfusión con terapia fibrinolítica en infarto con elevación del ST-T

    OpenAIRE

    Jerjes-Sánchez D, Carlos; Sosa del Angel, Edgar; García Sosa, Anabel; Reyes Cerezo, Esteban; Garza Ruiz, Angel

    2003-01-01

    Las estrategias de reperfusión en la fase temprana del infarto con elevación del ST-T tienen como principal objetivo restituir y mantener la perfusión tisular. La terapia fibrinolítica puede considerarse como el tratamiento estándar por su accesibilidad y efectividad para disminuir daño miocárdico y mortalidad. La principal imperfección de esta estrategia de reperfusión radica en el porcentaje no despreciable de fracaso terapéutico y reoclusión por fenómenos de resistencia y retrombosis. La t...

  14. The radioprotector WR-2721 reduces neutron-induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus in mouse splenocytes when administered prior to or following irradiation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grdina, D.J.; Basic, I.

    1992-01-01

    An in vitro T-lymphocyte cloning technique has been applied to study the effects of JANUS fission-spectrum neutron irradiation and the radioprotector S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721) on the subsequent development of somatic mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) locus in hybrid B6CF1 male mice. In control studies performed to establish an in vitro cloning technique, the mutant frequencies of splenic T-lymphocytes, as a result of exposure to a 100 cGy dose of neutrons, increased with time from a control level of 9 x 10 -7 to a maximum value of 1.7 x 10 -5 at 56 days following irradiation. Between 56 and 150 days after irradiation, mutant frequencies were observed to plateau and remain stable. All subsequent determinations were performed at 56 days following the experimental treatment of animals. WR-2721 at a dose of 400 mg/kg was effective in protecting against the induction of hprt mutants (i.e. a mutant frequency reduction factor, MFRF) following the largest dose of neutrons used (i.e. 150 cGy). The antimutagenic effectiveness of WR-2721 administered 30 min prior to irradiation was unaffected, even when the dose was reduced to 200 mg/kg. These findings confirm our earlier report using the radioprotector N-(2-mercaptoethyl)-1,2-diaminopropane (WR-1065) under in vitro conditions, and demonstrate that these agents can be used as effective antimutagens even when they are administered up to 3 h following radiation exposure. (Author)

  15. Efecto del tratamiento térmico en la morfología y conductividad térmica de cenizas volantes de la combustión de carbón

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriel Peña-Rodríguez

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta el efecto del tratamiento térmico en la conductividad térmica efectiva (ke a temperatura ambiente de polvos de cenizas volantes provenientes de la combustión de carbón de la Central Termoeléctrica de Termotasajero S.A. Dicho parámetro termofísico fue medido usando el sistema KD2Pro® Thermal Properties Analyzer, el cual funciona con el principio físico de flujo lineal transitorio de calor. El tratamiento térmico de las muestras se realizó usando una mufla eléctrica Ney® Vulcan D-130 para el rango de temperaturas de 1050, 1100, 1130, 1200, 1250 y 1300 °C. La porosidad y densidad aparente fue hallada usando la norma NTC 4321-3. La morfología superficial de las muestras fue analizada usando Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB. Los resultados muestran que a medida que se incrementó la temperatura en el tratamiento térmico, las muestras cambiaron de color de gris oscuro a beige; disminuyó el porcentaje de porosidad, debido a su proceso de vitrificación, y se aumentó la densidad y, por ende, la conductividad térmica efectiva. Los valores reportados de ke son muy importantes en los cálculos del coeficiente de transmitancia térmica en los procesos de transferencia de calor donde se utilicen estas cenizas.

  16. A new CVD diamond mosaic-detector for (n, α) cross-section measurements at the n{sub T}OF experiment at CERN

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Weiß, C., E-mail: christina.weiss@cern.ch [Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien (Austria); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Griesmayer, E. [Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien (Austria); Guerrero, C. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Altstadt, S. [Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität, Frankfurt (Germany); Andrzejewski, J. [Uniwersytet Łódzki, Lodz (Poland); Audouin, L. [Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/IN2P3 - IPN, Orsay (France); Badurek, G. [Atominstitut, Technische Universität Wien (Austria); Barbagallo, M. [Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Bari (Italy); Bécares, V. [Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid (Spain); Bečvář, F. [Charles University, Prague (Czech Republic); Belloni, F. [Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA) Saclay - Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Berthoumieux, E. [Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA) Saclay - Irfu, Gif-sur-Yvette (France); European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Billowes, J. [University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester (United Kingdom); Boccone, V. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Bosnar, D. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (Croatia); Brugger, M.; Calviani, M. [European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva (Switzerland); Calviño, F. [Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona (Spain); and others

    2013-12-21

    At the n{sub T}OF experiment at CERN a dedicated single-crystal chemical vapor deposition (sCVD) Diamond Mosaic-Detector has been developed for (n,α) cross-section measurements. The detector, characterized by an excellent time and energy resolution, consists of an array of 9 sCVD diamond diodes. The detector has been characterized and a cross-section measurement has been performed for the {sup 59}Ni(n,α){sup 56}Fe reaction in 2012. The characteristics of the detector, its performance and the promising preliminary results of the experiment are presented. -- Highlights: •A large-area detector of 3 ×3 sCVD diamonds was built for (n, α) measurements. •The {sup 59}Ni(n, α){sup 56}Fe cross-section was measured successfully at n{sub T}OF/CERN. •The energy resolution of the detector meets the expectations from simulations. •The reaction products during the measurement at n{sub T}OF could clearly be separated. •The detector is suitable for (n, α) measurements in a heterogeneous beam.

  17. Lipoproteins of slow-growing Mycobacteria carry three fatty acids and are N-acylated by Apolipoprotein N-Acyltransferase BCG_2070c.

    OpenAIRE

    Brülle Juliane K; Tschumi Andreas; Sander Peter

    2013-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Lipoproteins are virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacterial lipoproteins are modified by the consecutive action of preprolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt), prolipoprotein signal peptidase (LspA) and apolipoprotein N- acyltransferase (Lnt) leading to the formation of mature triacylated lipoproteins. Lnt homologues are found in Gram-negative and high GC-rich Gram-positive, but not in low GC-rich Gram-positive bacteria, although N-acylation is observed. In ...

  18. Kadıntüphaneciler: Toplumsal Cinsiyet Sorunları = Female Librarians: Gender Issues

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Murat Yılmaz

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmanın amacı, kadıntüphanecilerin cinsiyet ayrımcılığından dolayı kütüphanelerde karşılaşacakları olası sorunları irdelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmada, kadıntüphanecilerin kütüphanelerde karşılaşacakları sorunlar şu şekilde ayrılmıştır; ○ kütüphanelerde cinsel istismar (mobbing; ○ ücret ayrımcılığı (kadıntüphaneci olarak düşük ücret alma ○ kariyer gelişiminde cinsiyet ayrımcılığı; ○ kadıntüphaneci olarak haksız yere işten çıkarılma ○ kadıntüphaneci olarak kariyere ara verme (evlilik ya da bebek sahibi olma gibi nedenler ve ○ iş görüşmelerinde kişisel sorularla karşılaşma (evlilikle ya da annelikle ilgili zamanlamayla ilgili sorular. Ayrıca araştırmada, kadıntüphanecilerin cinsiyet ayrımcılığına ilişkin kütüphanelerde karşılaşacakları yukarıda sıralanan sorunlara ilişkin çeşitli çözüm önerileri de tartışılmıştır./The purpose of this study is to examine the possible problems being met by female librarians due to gender discrimination in libraries. With this purpose in this study, the relevant problems being met by female librarians in libraries are divided as follows; sexual harassment (mobbing in libraries, wage discrimination (receiving a low wage as a female librarian, gender discrimination in career development, unfair dismissal as a female librarian, career break as a female librarian (because of marriage or having a new baby, and encountering the personal questions in job interviews (such as the questions of the timing of marriage or motherhood. Furthermore, in the study, various recommendations for solving the above problems of gender discrimination met by female librarians in libraries have been also discussed.

  19. Enhanced tolerance and remediation of anthracene by transgenic tobacco plants expressing a fungal glutathione transferase gene

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dixit, Prachy; Mukherjee, Prasun K.; Sherkhane, Pramod D.; Kale, Sharad P.; Eapen, Susan

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → Transgenic plants expressing a TvGST gene were tested for tolerance, uptake and degradation of anthracene. → Transgenic plants were more tolerant to anthracene and take up more anthracene from soil and solutions compared to control plants. → Using in vitro T 1 seedlings, we showed that anthracene-a three fused benzene ring compound was phytodegraded to naphthalene derivatives, having two benzene rings. → This is the first time that a transgenic plant was shown to have the potential to phytodegrade anthracene. - Abstract: Plants can be used for remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are known to be a major concern for human health. Metabolism of xenobiotic compounds in plants occurs in three phases and glutathione transferases (GST) mediate phase II of xenobiotic transformation. Plants, although have GSTs, they are not very efficient for degradation of exogenous recalcitrant xenobiotics including polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Hence, heterologous expression of efficient GSTs in plants may improve their remediation and degradation potential of xenobiotics. In the present study, we investigated the potential of transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST for tolerance, remediation and degradation of anthracene-a recalcitrant polyaromatic hydrocarbon. Transgenic plants with fungal GST showed enhanced tolerance to anthracene compared to control plants. Remediation of 14 C uniformly labeled anthracene from solutions and soil by transgenic tobacco plants was higher compared to wild-type plants. Transgenic plants (T 0 and T 1 ) degraded anthracene to naphthalene derivatives, while no such degradation was observed in wild-type plants. The present work has shown that in planta expression of a fungal GST in tobacco imparted enhanced tolerance as well as higher remediation potential of anthracene compared to wild-type plants.

  20. Metaplastic thymoma with myasthenia gravis presumably caused by an accumulation of intratumoral immature T cells: a case report.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tajima, Shogo; Yanagiya, Masahiro; Sato, Masaaki; Nakajima, Jun; Fukayama, Masashi

    2015-01-01

    Among human neoplasms, thymomas are well known for their association with paraneoplastic autoimmune diseases such as myasthenia gravis. However, regarding rare metaplastic thymoma, only one case of an association with myasthenia gravis has been reported. Here, we present the second case of a 44-year-old woman with metaplastic thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis. In metaplastic thymoma, intratumoral terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive T-cells (immature T-cells) are generally scarce, while they were abundant in the present case. We believe that these immature T-cells could be related to the occurrence of myasthenia gravis.

  1. Validación de la técnica para la cuantificación de tilosina en un producto sólido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luz Stella Mejía Rangel

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Se validó la técnica para la cuantificación de tilosina en polvo, para lo cual previamente se estandarizó la técnica recomendada por la United States Pharmacopeia versión 30 del 2007, con el fin de ajustarse y dar cumplimiento a la normativa internacional. La muestra se compuso del 10 % de tilosina fosfato y 90 % de Carrier 40-60. El microorganismo sometido a prueba fue Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 y se empleó el método de difusión en agar. Los resultados de las pruebas se sometieron al programa de validación microbiológica "Validation Manager". El método de difusión en agar cumplió con los valores esperados, y así quedó validada la técnica.

  2. Evidence for Importance of tRNA-dependent Cytokinin Biosynthetic Pathway in the Moss Physcomitrella patens

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Yevdakova, N.A.; Motyka, Václav; Malbeck, Jiří; Trávníčková, Alena; Novák, Ondřej; Strnad, Miroslav; von Schwartzenberg, K.

    2008-01-01

    Roč. 27, č. 3 (2008), s. 271-281 ISSN 0721-7595 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LC06034; GA ČR GA206/05/0894; GA AV ČR IAA600380701 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50380511 Keywords : Physcomitrella * ove mutant * Cytokinin biosynthesis * tRNA-isopentenyl transferase Subject RIV: ED - Physiology Impact factor: 2.109, year: 2008

  3. Noninvasive evaluation of adult onset myopathy from carnitine palmitoyl transferase II deficiency using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Videen, J S; Haseler, L J; Karpinski, N C; Terkeltaub, R A

    1999-08-01

    The adult onset metabolic myopathy of carnitine palmitoyl transferase II (CPT II) deficiency is under-recognized, in part due to variable degrees of enzyme deficiency and symptomatology, as well as limitations in means for noninvasive evaluation. We describe a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique, using a standard clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner, to diagnose and help monitor the response to therapy in adult CPT II deficiency. A 53-year-old woman presented with a long standing history of diffuse aching and fatigue provoked by high fat intake, fasting, or prolonged exertion. Muscle biopsy revealed myopathic features and a deficiency (33% of control) of CPT II activity with elevated palmitoyl carnitine. Proton MRS of the soleus muscle was performed using a 1.5 Tesla scanner before and during dietary therapy. Proton MRS revealed shortening of the transverse relaxation time (T2), consistent with increased acetylation of the carnitine pool. The symptoms resolved completely by treatment with frequent feedings of a high carbohydrate diet low in long chain fatty acids supplemented with medium chain triglycerides and L-carnitine. Recovery of normal muscle MRS and carnitine T2 relaxation was documented by the third month of therapy. Proton MRS is a novel, potentially useful, and readily available adjunct in the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of muscle CPT II deficiency.

  4. Optimización de los procesos de fabricación de células solares orgánicas mediante técnicas de impresión

    OpenAIRE

    López Vicente, Rodolfo E.

    2015-01-01

    En este trabajo se muestran los resultados obtenidos en la fabricación y caracterización de dispositivos fotovoltaicos orgánicos, usando diferentes técnicas de fabricación para ello, pudiendo así comprobar sus parámetros de funcionamiento en función de la técnica usada. Además, se ha estudiado la influencia del área y geometría del electrodo en estos parámetros [7-13]. Todos estos procesos, a excepción de la evaporación del aluminio en la campana de vacío, se han realizado en condiciones ambi...

  5. Comparaison du Srōš Drōn avec le Drōn Yašt

    OpenAIRE

    Redard, Céline

    2015-01-01

    This paper draws a parallel between two texts having the same textual base: The Srōš Drōn, derived from the Long Liturgy and the Drōn Yašt, belonging to the short liturgies. The goal is to establish the similarities and the discrepancies between these two texts. Peer reviewed

  6. Origins and Early Evolution of the tRNA Molecule

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Koji Tamura

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available Modern transfer RNAs (tRNAs are composed of ~76 nucleotides and play an important role as “adaptor” molecules that mediate the translation of information from messenger RNAs (mRNAs. Many studies suggest that the contemporary full-length tRNA was formed by the ligation of half-sized hairpin-like RNAs. A minihelix (a coaxial stack of the acceptor stem on the T-stem of tRNA can function both in aminoacylation by aminoacyl tRNA synthetases and in peptide bond formation on the ribosome, indicating that it may be a vestige of the ancestral tRNA. The universal CCA-3′ terminus of tRNA is also a typical characteristic of the molecule. “Why CCA?” is the fundamental unanswered question, but several findings give a comprehensive picture of its origin. Here, the origins and early evolution of tRNA are discussed in terms of various perspectives, including nucleotide ligation, chiral selectivity of amino acids, genetic code evolution, and the organization of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center (PTC. The proto-tRNA molecules may have evolved not only as adaptors but also as contributors to the composition of the ribosome.

  7. Formal modeling and analysis of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway: role of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase in oncogenesis and cancer progression

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Muhammad Tariq Saeed

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available The alteration of glucose metabolism, through increased uptake of glucose and glutamine addiction, is essential to cancer cell growth and invasion. Increased flux of glucose through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP drives increased cellular O-GlcNAcylation (hyper-O-GlcNAcylation and contributes to cancer progression by regulating key oncogenes. However, the association between hyper-O-GlcNAcylation and activation of these oncogenes remains poorly characterized. Here, we implement a qualitative modeling framework to analyze the role of the Biological Regulatory Network in HBP activation and its potential effects on key oncogenes. Experimental observations are encoded in a temporal language format and model checking is applied to infer the model parameters and qualitative model construction. Using this model, we discover step-wise genetic alterations that promote cancer development and invasion due to an increase in glycolytic flux, and reveal critical trajectories involved in cancer progression. We compute delay constraints to reveal important associations between the production and degradation rates of proteins. O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT, an enzyme used for addition of O-GlcNAc during O-GlcNAcylation, is identified as a key regulator to promote oncogenesis in a feedback mechanism through the stabilization of c-Myc. Silencing of the OGT and c-Myc loop decreases glycolytic flux and leads to programmed cell death. Results of network analyses also identify a significant cycle that highlights the role of p53-Mdm2 circuit oscillations in cancer recovery and homeostasis. Together, our findings suggest that the OGT and c-Myc feedback loop is critical in tumor progression, and targeting these mediators may provide a mechanism-based therapeutic approach to regulate hyper-O-GlcNAcylation in human cancer.

  8. Glutathione Transferases Superfamily: Cold-Inducible Expression of Distinct GST Genes in Brassica oleracea

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Harshavardhanan Vijayakumar

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Plants, as sessile organisms, can suffer serious growth and developmental consequences under cold stress conditions. Glutathione transferases (GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18 are ubiquitous and multifunctional conjugating proteins, which play a major role in stress responses by preventing oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS. Currently, understanding of their function(s during different biochemical and signaling pathways under cold stress condition remain unclear. In this study, using combined computational strategy, we identified 65 Brassica oleracea glutathione transferases (BoGST and characterized them based on evolutionary analysis into 11 classes. Inter-species and intra-species duplication was evident between BoGSTs and Arabidopsis GSTs. Based on localization analyses, we propose possible pathways in which GST genes are involved during cold stress. Further, expression analysis of the predicted putative functions for GST genes were investigated in two cold contrasting genotypes (cold tolerance and susceptible under cold condition, most of these genes were highly expressed at 6 h and 1 h in the cold tolerant (CT and cold susceptible (CS lines, respectively. Overall, BoGSTU19, BoGSTU24, BoGSTF10 are candidate genes highly expressed in B. oleracea. Further investigation of GST superfamily in B. oleracea will aid in understanding complex mechanism underlying cold tolerance in plants.

  9. Changes in amino transferases and muscle proteins when treating pigmeat with ionising rays

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hamm, R; Hofmann, K; Gruenewald, T; Partmann, W [Bundesanstalt fuer Fleischforschung, Kulmbach (F.R. Germany). Inst. fuer Chemie und Physik; Bundesforschungsanstalt fuer Ernaehrung, Karlsruhe [F.R. Germany

    1975-01-01

    Slices of lean pigmeat were treated with electron beams doses of 0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 Mrad. Low irradiation doses led to an increase in the activity of aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and alanin amino transferase (GPT) in the tissue generally and in the sarcoplasm (juice expressed from the muscle). 5 Mrad caused a great reduction in the activity of GOT and GPT in the tissue and the sarcoplasm. It seems doubtful whether this inactivation is due to a destruction of enzyme sulphhydryl groups. Irradiating with 5 Mrad resulted in partial release of the mitochondrial GOT isozyme (GOTsub(M)) into the sarcoplasm. This indicates damage to the mitochondrial membranes by ionising radiation. Irradiating the pigmeat increased the pH of the tissue and lowered its water binding ability (increase in drip). Up to a dose of 1 Mrad the solubility of the sarcoplasmic proteins was not definitely affected, but 5 Mrad caused a considerable drop in protein solubility. Surprisingly a dose of even 5 Mrad did not change the total number of sulphhydryl groups present in the tissue. Sephadex thin layer electrophoresis showed that at 0.2 Mrad there was a drastic decrease in the myosin band and an increase in peptide fragments of low molecular weight, whilst actin was little changed.

  10. Instalación de una lavadora y un túnel de despirogenación en una empresa farmacéutica

    OpenAIRE

    Olid Sanz, Laia

    2017-01-01

    El objetivo del presente estudio técnico es la instalación de una lavadora de viales junto con un túnel de despirogenación con desembocadura en una sala blanca. Para ello, se especificaran las características y el funcionamiento general del equipo, además de los sistemas requeridos para la instalación, los conductos HVAC necesarios para las salas de fabricación estériles. Se estudiaran las presiones necesarias para cada sala de la zona estéril, así como los flujos de material, personal, ma...

  11. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in clinically N0 T1-T2 staged oral cancer: the Dutch multicenter trial

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Flach, G.B.; Bloemena, E.; Klop, W.M.C.; van Es, R.J.J.; Schepman, K.P.; Hoekstra, O.S.; Castelijns, J.A.; Leemans, C.R.; de Bree, R.

    2014-01-01

    Objectives Results of the Dutch multi-institutional trial on sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in oral cancer. Patients and methods Patients were consecutively enrolled from 4 institutions, with T1/T2 oral cancer and cN0 neck based on palpation and ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology.

  12. Aproximación teórica a la relación entre los términos gestión documental, gestión de información y gestión del conocimiento

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gauchi Risso, Verónica

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to offer a theoretical approach to the terms «record management», «information management» and «knowledge management», as well as to the relationships among them. This work consists of a descriptive review of the pertinent literature in which the chosen terms are described individually. It aims to transmit scientifically valid information in order to establish a relationship among the three. Three aspects are drawn together in the conceptualization: documents, communication technologies, and people, the combination of which gives rise to a number of strengths that constitute the capital of any organization. This process provides evidence of a strong relationship among record management, information management and knowledge management, which together represent a complementary and indispensable grouping in any organization.

    El objeto de esta exposición consiste en el abordaje teórico de los términos gestión documental, gestión de información y gestión del conocimiento y las relaciones existentes entre ellos. Este trabajo corresponde a un estudio de revisión o compilación de tipo descriptivo, en el que los términos seleccionados son descritos uno a uno en sus características y que tiene por finalidad transmitir informaciones válidas científicamente con el objeto de establecer una relación entre los términos propuestos. Tres aspectos confluyen en la conceptualización: documentos, tecnologías de la comunicación y personas; la combinación de todas ellas da lugar a una serie de capacidades que son lo que constituye el capital de toda organización; este proceso evidencia una relación estrecha entre la gestión documental, de información y del conocimiento que conforman un equipo complementario e imprescindible en toda organización.

  13. Electrorremediación de suelos contaminados, una revisión técnica para su aplicación en campo

    OpenAIRE

    DE LA ROSA-PÉREZ, David A.; TEUTLI-LEÓN, Ma. Maura Margarita; RAMÍREZ-ISLAS, Marta E.

    2007-01-01

    En las últimas dos décadas se ha incrementado el interés por desarrollar tecnologías que ayuden a solucionar el problema de los suelos contaminados, la mayoría de estas se han orientado hacia los procesos de remediación in situ, dentro de los cuales se ha propuesto a la electrorremediación por su capacidad de remover contaminantes tanto orgánicos como inorgánicos. El presente artículo ofrece una revisión técnica sobre la tecnología de electrorremediación para la restauración de suelos contami...

  14. A model to environmental monitoring based on glutathione-S-transferase activity and branchial lesions in catfish

    Science.gov (United States)

    Neta, Raimunda Nonata Fortes Carvalho; Torres, Audalio Rebelo

    2017-11-01

    In this work, we validate the glutathione-S-transferase and branchial lesions as biomarkers in catfish Sciades herzbergii to obtain a predictive model of the environmental impact effects in a harbor of Brazil. The catfish were sampled from a port known to be contaminated with heavy metals and organic compounds and from a natural reserve in São Marcos Bay, Maranhão. Two biomarkers, hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and branchial lesions were analyzed. The values for GST activity were modeled with the occurrence of branchial lesions by fitting a third order polynomial. Results from the mathematical model indicate that GST activity has a strong polynomial relationship with the occurrence of branchial lesions in both the wet and the dry seasons, but only at the polluted port site. Our mathematic model indicates that when the GST ceases to act, serious branchial lesions are observed in the catfish of the contaminated port area.

  15. Re-evaluation of Ipsilateral Radiation for T1-T2N0-N2b Tonsil Carcinoma at the Princess Margaret Hospital in the Human Papillomavirus Era, 25 Years Later

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang, Shao Hui; Waldron, John; Bratman, Scott V.; Su, Jie; Kim, John; Bayley, Andrew; Cho, John; Giuliani, Meredith; Hope, Andrew; Ringash, Jolie; Hansen, Aaron; Almeida, John R. de; Goldstein, David; Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo; Weinreb, Ilan; Tong, Li; Xu, Wei; O'Sullivan, Brian

    2017-01-01

    Purpose: To report the outcome of ipsilateral radiation therapy (RT) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (HPV+) patients and HPV-negative (HPV−) patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer treated 25 years after our initial historical cohort. Methods and Materials: Patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer who received ipsilateral RT or bilateral RT between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), local control (LC), regional control (RC), and grade 3 to 4 late toxicity (LT) were compared between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT within HPV+ and HPV− patients, separately. Results: HPV status was ascertained in 379/427 (88%) consecutive patients (ipsilateral RT: 62 HPV+, 34 HPV−; bilateral RT: 240 HPV+ 240, 41 HPV−). The proportion of ipsilateral RT by N category for HPV+ and HPV− patients were as follows: N0: 24/37 (65%) versus 28/48 (74%); N1: 21/49 (43%) versus 4/9 (44%); N2a: 10/39 (26%) versus 1/4 (25%); and N2b: 7/177 (4%) versus 1/24 (4%), respectively. Of the patients receiving ipsilateral RT, 94/96 (98%) were treated with RT alone. The median follow-up time was 5.03 years. The respective 5-year rates of OS, LC, RC, and LT were similar between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT for the HPV+ patients (OS: 89% vs 87%, P=.55; LC: 97% vs 98%, P=.65; RC: 98% vs 97%, P=.27; LT: 17% vs 12%, P=.83) and HPV− patients (OS: 63% vs 48%, P=.27; LC: 90% vs 80%, P=.19; RC: 94% vs 83%, P=.14; LT: 15% vs 22%, P=.36). Of the 96 patients receiving ipsilateral RT, contralateral neck failure (CNF) occurred in 1/52 HPV+ patients and 1/34 HPV− patients. The 5-year CNF rates were 2% (95% CI: 1-9) (HPV+: 2% [0-14]; HPV−: 3% [0-21], P=.66). Five local failures (2 HPV+; 3 HPV−) and no distant failures were seen. The 5-year rates of LC, RC, and LT were 97% versus 90% (P=.24), 98% versus 94% (P=.25), and 18% versus 15% (P=.75) for the HPV+ and HPV− cohorts, respectively. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 9 patients: 6/47 (13%) treated with conventional RT

  16. Re-evaluation of Ipsilateral Radiation for T1-T2N0-N2b Tonsil Carcinoma at the Princess Margaret Hospital in the Human Papillomavirus Era, 25 Years Later

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huang, Shao Hui, E-mail: shaohui.huang@rmp.uhn.on.ca [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Waldron, John [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Bratman, Scott V. [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Su, Jie [Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Kim, John; Bayley, Andrew; Cho, John; Giuliani, Meredith; Hope, Andrew; Ringash, Jolie [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Hansen, Aaron [Division of Medical Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Almeida, John R. de; Goldstein, David [Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo; Weinreb, Ilan [Department of Pathology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Tong, Li [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Xu, Wei [Department of Biostatistics, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); O' Sullivan, Brian [Department of Radiation Oncology, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada); Department of Otolaryngology—Head & Neck Surgery, The Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)

    2017-05-01

    Purpose: To report the outcome of ipsilateral radiation therapy (RT) in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive (HPV+) patients and HPV-negative (HPV−) patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer treated 25 years after our initial historical cohort. Methods and Materials: Patients with T1-T2N0-N2b tonsillar cancer who received ipsilateral RT or bilateral RT between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. Overall survival (OS), local control (LC), regional control (RC), and grade 3 to 4 late toxicity (LT) were compared between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT within HPV+ and HPV− patients, separately. Results: HPV status was ascertained in 379/427 (88%) consecutive patients (ipsilateral RT: 62 HPV+, 34 HPV−; bilateral RT: 240 HPV+ 240, 41 HPV−). The proportion of ipsilateral RT by N category for HPV+ and HPV− patients were as follows: N0: 24/37 (65%) versus 28/48 (74%); N1: 21/49 (43%) versus 4/9 (44%); N2a: 10/39 (26%) versus 1/4 (25%); and N2b: 7/177 (4%) versus 1/24 (4%), respectively. Of the patients receiving ipsilateral RT, 94/96 (98%) were treated with RT alone. The median follow-up time was 5.03 years. The respective 5-year rates of OS, LC, RC, and LT were similar between ipsilateral RT and bilateral RT for the HPV+ patients (OS: 89% vs 87%, P=.55; LC: 97% vs 98%, P=.65; RC: 98% vs 97%, P=.27; LT: 17% vs 12%, P=.83) and HPV− patients (OS: 63% vs 48%, P=.27; LC: 90% vs 80%, P=.19; RC: 94% vs 83%, P=.14; LT: 15% vs 22%, P=.36). Of the 96 patients receiving ipsilateral RT, contralateral neck failure (CNF) occurred in 1/52 HPV+ patients and 1/34 HPV− patients. The 5-year CNF rates were 2% (95% CI: 1-9) (HPV+: 2% [0-14]; HPV−: 3% [0-21], P=.66). Five local failures (2 HPV+; 3 HPV−) and no distant failures were seen. The 5-year rates of LC, RC, and LT were 97% versus 90% (P=.24), 98% versus 94% (P=.25), and 18% versus 15% (P=.75) for the HPV+ and HPV− cohorts, respectively. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 9 patients: 6/47 (13%) treated with conventional RT

  17. Effects of curcumin on cytochrome P450 and glutathione S-transferase activities in rat liver.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Oetari, S.; Sudibyo, M.; Commandeur, J.N.M.; Samhoedi, R.; Vermeulen, N.P.E.

    1996-01-01

    The stability of curcumin, as well as the interactions between curcumin and cytochrome P450s (P450s) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in rat liver, were studied. Curcumin is relatively unstable in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The stability of curcumin was strongly improved by lowering the pH or

  18. Ammattiosaamisen näytöt : Pohjois-Karjalan Ammattiopisto Outokumpu, Radio- ja TV-työ

    OpenAIRE

    Dufva, Pilvi; Laatikainen, Mika

    2008-01-01

    Kehittämishankeraportissa kuvataan Pohjois-Karjalan Ammattiopisto Outokummun Radio- ja TV-työn linjan ensimmäisten ammattiosaamisen näyttöjen suunnittelua ja toteuttamista. Ammattiosaamisen näytöt toteutettiin maaliskuussa 2008. Kehittämishankkeen aiheena oli suunnitella ja toteuttaa Radio- ja TV-työn ensimmäiset ammattiosaamisen näytöt video-, televisio- ja elokuvailmaisun 15 opintoviikon kokonaisuuteen (VTE-ilmaisu). This project describes how the first vocational skills demonstration wa...

  19. Identification and expression profiles of nine glutathione S-transferase genes from the important rice phloem sap-sucker and virus vector Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Wen-Wu; Li, Xi-Wang; Quan, Yin-Hua; Cheng, Jiaan; Zhang, Chuan-Xi; Gurr, Geoff; Zhu, Zeng-Rong

    2012-09-01

    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have received considerable attention in insects for their roles in insecticide resistance. Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) is a serious rice pest. L. striatellus outbreaks occur frequently throughout eastern Asia. A key problem in controlling this pest is its rapid adaptation to numerous insecticides. In this research, nine cDNAs encoding GSTs in L. striatellus were cloned and characterised. The cloned GSTs of L. striatellus belonged to six cytosolic classes and a microsomal subgroup. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of each of the six insecticides, DDT, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta-cypermethrin, quickly induced (6 h) up-expression of LsGSTe1. The expression of LsGSTs2 was increased by chlorpyrifos, fipronil and beta-cypermethrin. Furthermore, exposure of L. striatellus to fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta-cypermethrin increased the expression of the LsGSTm gene after 24 or 48 h. This work is the first identification of GST genes from different GST groups in Auchenorrhyncha species and their induction characteristics with insecticide types and time. The elevated expression of GST genes induced by insecticides might be related to the enhanced tolerance of this insect to insecticides and xenobiotics. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.

  20. Galatasaray’ın ve Fatih Terim’in Kütüphanecilere Söyledikleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erol Yılmaz

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Bu yazıda ülkemizi Avrupa’da başarıyla temsil etmiş olan Galatasaray futbol takımının takım yönetimi anlayışı ve buna bağlı olarak gösterdiği performans bağlamında kütüphanecilik alanına kısa bir göz atılmış ve kimi küçük karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.

  1. Galatasaray'ın ve Fatih Terim'in Kütüphanecilere Söyledikleri

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erol Yılmaz

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Bu yazıda ülkemizi Avrupa'da başarıyla temsil etmiş olan Galatasaray futbol takımının takım yönetimi anlayışı ve buna bağlı olarak gösterdiği performans bağlamında kütüphanecilik alanına kısa bir göz atılmış ve kimi küçük karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır.

  2. Systematics of the (n, t) reaction cross sections at 14 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yao Lishan

    1992-01-01

    The systematic behaviour of the (n, t) reaction cross sections have been studied for medium and heavy mass nuclei at 14 MeV. An analysis of the gross trend, the isotope and odd-even effects are given. Possible reaction mechanisms are also discussed. A set of the systematics parameters have been extracted on the basis of the analyzing and fitting of the available data. The (n, t) reaction cross sections of some nuclei have been predicted and a good agreement with the measured data has been obtained

  3. Estudio de técnicas de inserción de marcas de agua sobre software

    OpenAIRE

    Jaimez Moruno, Marc

    2008-01-01

    Este trabajo es un estudio de las distintas técnicas de software watermarking existentes para la protección de la propiedad intelectual contenida en un programa. Partiendo de este estudio se propone una implementación para usar técnicas watermarking en la protección de agentes móviles. Concretamente se implementa una solución para detectar ejecuciones deshonestas por parte de host maliciosos

  4. Yacimiento Oro Castellano: evaluación y comparación de técnicas de estimación espacial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Q. Cuador-Gil

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available Se evalúan y comparan distintas técnicas de estimación del contenido medio, que se usan en el control de ley, para determinar la que mejor se ajusta a las características de la mineralización del yacimiento Oro Castellano. Para ello se utilizó la información de la exploración de explotación de un sector del banco 95 de Susana, el cual se exploró en una red de 6 x 6 m. La simulación secuencial gaussiana fue usada para generar una imagen del sector, que posee la distribución estadística y la continuidad espacial del contenido de Au en los datos originales. El sector se simuló en una red de 1 x 1m, lo que generó 36 valores dentro de cada bloque de 6 x 6 m. El contenido de oro de cada bloque fue estimado usando cuatro métodos sencillos: inverso de la distancia al cuadrado, Kriging ordinario, vecino más cercano (método de los polígonos y la media aritmética de las muestras vecinas, que es el que tradicionalmente se emplea en el depósito. Para comparar los métodos se utilizó el error cuadrático medio (ECM del estimado del bloque respecto al “contenido real” y el porcentaje de los bloques, que son correctamente estimados como mena o estéril sobre la base de un cut off determinado. El estudio realizado pone en duda la idoneidad del método utilizado en el yacimiento y recomienda el empleo de técnicas de estimación que tomen en cuenta la continuidad espacial de la mineralización aurífera.

  5. Miro näitus avaneb täna / Tiina Kolk

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    Kolk, Tiina

    2007-01-01

    "Joan Miro maastikud" Kumu suures saalis. Eksponaadid pärinevad Pilar ja Joan Miro Fondist Mallorcal. 57 töö hulgas on graafikat ja skulptuure, lisaks kaheksa fotot. Kommenteerib näituse koordinaator Ragne Nukk

  6. Diseño de la instalación del sistema de gestión y mantenimiento del túnel de Colón de la Ronda Litoral (B- 10) de Barcelona

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Peñuelas, Miguel Ángel

    2015-01-01

    Este trabajo consiste en el diseño de un nuevo sistema de gestión y mantenimiento del túnel de Colón en la ronda litoral de Barcelona. El túnel se construyó en 1991, y es necesario actualizar el sistema de gestión del túnel. Con este fin, se diseñará: La parte eléctrica de la instalación, modificando la instalación con mejoras, tanto económicas como medio ambientales. Por ejemplo, se intenta reducir el pico de consumo del arranque de los ventiladores mediante la instalación ...

  7. Evaluación de las técnicas de atenuación natural, bioventing, bioaumentación y bioaumentación- bioventing, para la biodegradación de diésel en un suelo arenoso, en experimentos en columna

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Angélica María Muskus Morales

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available El presente estudio fue desarrollado dentro del convenio de cooperación institucional realizado entre laUniversidad Pontifi cia Bolivariana, Seccional Bucaramanga y el Instituto Colombiano de Petróleos – ICP, con el fi nde dar solución a una problemática que se presenta en las zonas de manejo de hidrocarburos, donde se evidenciansuelos arenosos contaminados con diésel hasta concentraciones del 6% y a una profundidad máxima de 80 cm.Para el desarrollo metodológico se contaminó un suelo artifi cialmente con diésel para evaluar las técnicas deBioventing, Atenuación Natural, Bioaumentación y Bioventing-Bioaumentación, utilizando montajes en columnas.Se defi nieron los parámetros de diseño y seguimiento como dimensiones de las columnas, caudal de entrada,concentración de diésel, oxígeno disuelto y crecimiento bacteriano; para la bioaumentación se inoculó el suelocon un consorcio bacteriano producido por el ICP. Se realizaron los montajes experimentales por triplicado y secontroló el proceso durante cuatro meses. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que en la técnica de Bioventingse obtuvieron porcentajes de remoción de diésel hasta del 97%. Con la técnica de Bioventing-Bioaumentación sealcanzaron porcentajes de remoción hasta del 75% y con las técnicas de Atenuación Natural y Bioaumentación,los porcentajes de remoción no superaron el 48%. El estudio mostró que el consorcio bacteriano utilizado yevaluado mediante las técnicas de Bioaumentación y Bioventing-Bioaumentación, no potencializó la efi cienciade los procesos de biorremediación del suelo arenoso contaminado con diésel.

  8. Prevalence of the N-Acetyltransferase (NAT2 gene polymorphism 282C>T in Peruvian population and health implications

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salazar-Granara Alberto

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Objective: To determine the frequency of the C282T polymorphism of the NAT2 gene (N acetyltransferase in Peruvian populations. Field work, focused on exploring genetic risk factor in Peruvian populations, which has influence in the response to drugs and malignancies aetiology. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study. 166 voluntaries from Lima, Lambayeque, Apurimac, Puno, San Martin, Amazonas and Loreto were enrolled. The sampling was done by convenience and it was use the RFLP-PCR conventional technique was used. Results: The allele frequency were 54% (n=126 for C282 and 46% (n=106 for T282. For the T allele, by its orign , stand out 2 those which origins were Lima 42% (n=25, Amazonas 47% (n=16, San Martin 74% (n=28 and Apurimac 50% (n=13 (X , p>0.05. A global genotype frequency were 26.7% (n=31 for C282/C282, 56.0% (n=65 for C282/T282 and 17.2% (n=20 for T282/T282 (Hardy Weinberg Test p>0.05. By origin, Puno presented allelic imbalance (Hardy Weinberg test p0.05. Conclusion: The overall frequency of NAT2 allele T282 was 46%; San Martin had the highest prevalence (74%. The T282 allele is linked to neoplastic diseases and adverse reactions to anti-TB drugs, these results will be used for the application of pharmacogenetics in Peru

  9. Degradación de barreras térmicas por sales fundidas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Utrilla, M. V.

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available Thermal barrier coatings (TBC are frequently used to provide thermal insulation to metallic components. The material used in this investigation comprises a ceramic top layer, ZrO2 8Y2O3 (Y-PSZ, and an overlay coating, Ni22Cr10Al1Y, air plasma sprayed on to a nickel base alloy Inconel 600 substrate. Yttria stabilizes the cubic phase zirconia, but it can react with S, V and Na contaminants contained in many low-quality industrial fuels. A decrease in the yttria content promotes the transformation to monoclinic ZrO2. The materials were subjected to an isothermal air furnace test under 40% Na2SO4 - 60% V2O5 mixtures at 800 ºC for 48 and 144h. The degradation of the coating was analyzed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS. The microstructure was characterized by enviromental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM, X-ray microanalysis (EDX and x ray diffracction (XRD.

    Las barreras térmicas son sistemas multicapa que se aplican a sustratos metálicos para mejorar su resistencia a la temperatura. El material utilizado en el trabajo es un sustrato base níquel (Inconel 600 con recubrimiento multicapa de NiCrAlY y ZrO2 parcialmente estabilizada con Y2O3 (Y-PSZ depositado por plasma atmosférico. La presencia de contaminantes, como S, V o Na presentes en combustibles de baja calidad, puede dar lugar a reacciones con este óxido estabilizador de la circona (Y2O3, originando una desestabilización estructural de la circona por disminución del contenido en itria. En esta comunicación se ha realizado un estudio sistemático de la degradación del material frente a determinados agentes corrosivos a elevada temperatura. Sobre la superficie de las muestras se añadieron mezclas de 40% Na2SO4-60% V2O5 y se trataron isotérmicamente a 800 ºC durante 48 y 144 horas. Finalmente, se evaluó la modificación de las propiedades por efecto de los agentes agresivos. Mediante la técnica de espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica (EIS se estimó la

  10. Cloning and characterization of a glutathione S-transferase homologue from the plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Prins, T.W.; Wagemakers, L.; Schouten, A.; Kan, van J.A.L.

    2000-01-01

    A gene was cloned from Botrytis cinerea that encodes a protein homologous to glutathione S-transferase (GST). The gene, denominated Bcgst1, is present in a single copy and represents the first example of such a gene from a filamentous fungus. The biochemical function of GSTs is to conjugate toxic

  11. The association of alcohol intake with gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels: Evidence for correlated genetic effects

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    van Beek, J.H.D.A.; de Moor, M.H.M.; Geels, L.M.; Sinke, M.R.T.; de Geus, E.J.C.; Lubke, G.H.; Kluft, C.; Neuteboom, J.; Vink, J.M.; Willemsen, G.; Boomsma, D.I.

    2014-01-01

    Background: Blood levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) are used as a marker for (heavy) alcohol use. The role of GGT in the anti-oxidant defense mechanism that is part of normal metabolism supposes a causal effect of alcohol intake on GGT. However, there is variability in the response of GGT

  12. Heterologous expression of C. elegans fat-1 decreases the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    An, Lei; Pang, Yun-Wei; Gao, Hong-Mei; Tao, Li; Miao, Kai; Wu, Zhong-Hong

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Expression of C. elegans fat-1 reduces the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in 3T3-L1 cells. ► fat-1 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. ► fat-1 reduces lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ► The lower n-6/n-3 ratio induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. -- Abstract: In general, a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibits the development of obesity and decreases adipose tissue. The specific impacts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on adipogenesis, however, have not been definitively determined. Traditional in vivo and in vitro supplementation studies have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results, which likely reflect insufficiently controlled experimental systems. Caenorhabditiselegans fat-1 gene encodes an n-3 fatty acid desaturase, and its heterologous expression represents an effective method both for altering the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and for evaluating the biological effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. We sought to determine whether a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio could influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Lentivirus-mediated introduction of the fat-1 gene into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio and inhibited preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In mature adipocytes, fat-1 expression reduced lipid deposition, as measured by Oil Red O staining, and induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio inhibits adipogenesis through several mechanisms and that n-3 PUFAs more effectively inhibit adipogenesis (but not lipogenesis) than do n-6 PUFAs.

  13. Leviatán como pretexto: T Hobbes y la invención moderna de la Razón

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    CARLOS MOYA VALGAÑÓN

    1979-01-01

    Full Text Available T. Hobbes inventó el concepto moderno de estado y el discurso político racional. En Leviatán se equipara razón con gobierno. Se examina la historia occidental que precedió la redacción de Leviatán, comenzando con la cristianización progresiva de los reinos bárbaros. Fue la noción secularizada de razón, en contraposición al reinado de Dios sobre el mundo, la que proporcionó a la burguesía el fundamento epistemológico necesario para su ascensión social. La monarquía absoluta se convirtió en la primera forma del estado moderno. El desarrollo de la imprenta fue el instrumento tecnológico-industrial de la moderna revolución burguesa en la cristiandad occidental. La Reforma Protestante surgió de la nueva libertad para leer libros otrora prohibidos, constituyendo el primer ímpetu para el crecimiento industrial y el desarrollo de la empresa. Así, las revelaciones de la Santa Escritura dieron paso a la investigación científica y a la ciencia moderna.

  14. Unique and cross-reactive T cell epitope peptides of the major Bahia grass pollen allergen, Pas n 1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Etto, Tamara; de Boer, Carmela; Prickett, Sara; Gardner, Leanne M; Voskamp, Astrid; Davies, Janet M; O'Hehir, Robyn E; Rolland, Jennifer M

    2012-01-01

    Bahia grass pollen (BaGP) is a major cause of allergic rhinitis. Subcutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy is effective for grass pollen allergy, but is unsuitable for patients with moderate to severe asthma due to the risk of anaphylaxis. T cell-reactive but IgE nonreactive peptides provide a safer treatment option. This study aimed to identify and characterize dominant CD4(+) T cell epitope peptides of the major BaGP allergen, Pas n 1. Pas n 1-specific T cell lines generated from the peripheral blood of BaGP-allergic subjects were tested for proliferative and cytokine response to overlapping 20-mer Pas n 1 peptides. Cross-reactivity to homologous peptides from Lol p 1 and Cyn d 1 of Ryegrass and Bermuda grass pollen, respectively, was assessed using Pas n 1 peptide-specific T cell clones. MHC class II restriction of Pas n 1 peptide T cell recognition was determined by HLA blocking assays and peptide IgE reactivity tested by dot blotting. Three Pas n 1 peptides showed dominant T cell reactivity; 15 of 18 (83%) patients responded to one or more of these peptides. T cell clones specific for dominant Pas n 1 peptides showed evidence of species-specific T cell reactivity as well as cross-reactivity with other group 1 grass pollen allergens. The dominant Pas n 1 T cell epitope peptides showed HLA binding diversity and were non-IgE reactive. The immunodominant T cell-reactive Pas n 1 peptides are candidates for safe immunotherapy for individuals, including those with asthma, who are allergic to Bahia and possibly other grass pollens. Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  15. O-GlcNAc transferase regulates transcriptional activity of human Oct4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Constable, Sandii; Lim, Jae-Min; Vaidyanathan, Krithika; Wells, Lance

    2017-10-01

    O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a single sugar modification found on many different classes of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Addition of this modification, by the enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), is dynamic and inducible. One major class of proteins modified by O-GlcNAc is transcription factors. O-GlcNAc regulates transcription factor properties through a variety of different mechanisms including localization, stability and transcriptional activation. Maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency requires tight regulation of several key transcription factors, many of which are modified by O-GlcNAc. Octamer-binding protein 4 (Oct4) is one of the key transcription factors required for pluripotency of ES cells and more recently, the generation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The action of Oct4 is modulated by the addition of several post-translational modifications, including O-GlcNAc. Previous studies in mice found a single site of O-GlcNAc addition responsible for transcriptional regulation. This study was designed to determine if this mechanism is conserved in humans. We mapped 10 novel sites of O-GlcNAc attachment on human Oct4, and confirmed a role for OGT in transcriptional activation of Oct4 at a site distinct from that found in mouse that allows distinction between different Oct4 target promoters. Additionally, we uncovered a potential new role for OGT that does not include its catalytic function. These results confirm that human Oct4 activity is being regulated by OGT by a mechanism that is distinct from mouse Oct4. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  16. Evaluación de diferentes sistemas de protección contra la corrosión marina en la aleación de aplicación aeronáutica Alclad 2024-T3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Aperador Chaparro

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Se muestra la obtención de dos sistemas de recubrimientos protectores como una alternativa de protección contra la corrosión de la aleación de aluminio Alclad 2024-T3, que es utilizada en la fabricación del compartimiento de la batería de los aviones T-41. Dichos sistemas constan de tres tipos de resinas orgánicas: una primera capa de resina poliéster P-115, a manera de imprimante en ambos sistemas de recubrimientos, y una segunda capa de resina de poliéster Hetron 197-3 en el primer caso, o de resina vinil-éster F-010 en el segundo. El análisis de la morfología superficial se realizó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM, observando la rugosidad generada por el tratamiento superficial. El estudio electroquímico de los recubrimientos se desarrolló mediante la técnica de espectroscopía de impedancia electroquímica (EIS y curvas de polarización Tafel; de esta manera se encontró que todos los sistemas presentan un buen desempeño frente a la corrosión en un medio marino, y que el sistema con preparación superficial química muestra un comportamiento protector superior para el Alodine 5700 + Hetron 197-3; se obtuvo una velocidad de corrosión 1,42 x 10-12 mpy, mientras que para el sustrato la velocidad fue de 1,59 x 10-7 mpy.

  17. Affinity labelling of ribosomes from the livers of different vertebrates by 2-nitro-4-azidobenzoyl-Phe-tRNA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stahl, J.; Boehm, H.; Voderberg, M.

    1981-01-01

    Ribosomal protein L 10 from the livers of trout, hen, and rat was found to be the main target for 2-nitro-4-azidobenzoyl-Phe-tRNA in affinity labelling experiments. Therefore, despite somewhat different electrophoretic mobilities, this protein seems to be involved in the organization of the peptidyl transferase centre in ribosomes of various vertebrates. (author)

  18. Caractérisation biochimique et fonctionnelle de glutathion-S-transferases (GSTs) chez Phanerochaete chrysosporium

    OpenAIRE

    Anak Ngadin , Andrew

    2011-01-01

    Phanerochaete chrysosporium is a ligninolytic fungus widely studied because of its capacities to degrade wood and xenobiotics through an extracellular enzymatic system. Its genome has been sequenced and has provided researchers with a complete inventory of the predicted proteins produced by this organism. This has allowed the description of many protein superfamilies. Among them, Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a complex and widespread superfamily classified as enzymes of seconda...

  19. Criterios de diseño en puentes de hormigón frente a la acción térmica ambiental

    OpenAIRE

    Mirambell Arrizabalaga, Enrique

    1987-01-01

    El presente trabajo centra su estudio en la problemática de los efectos térmicos ambientales en puentes de hormigón. Los objetivos perseguidos en esta tesis son, por una parte, el desarrollo de un modelo analítico capaz de obtener la respuesta térmica y tensional a nivel sección de los tableros de puentes de hormigón y el estudio de la influencia de todos los parámetros que intervienen en el fenómeno de la transmisión del calor en esta tipología estructural. Por otra parte, se present...

  20. Comparación de la técnica de sedimentación contra técnica de centrifugación en el tratamiento del lipoinjerto y la preservación de la morfología del adipocito mediante examinación histológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Arturo Castro Pallaroso

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available La cirugía maxilofacial es un área de la medicina que abarca una gran cantidad de aspectos dentro del entorno facial, debiendo realizarse procedimientos tanto estéticos como reconstructivos por diversas causas. Al enfocarnos en tejidos blandos muchas veces se necesita devolver la apariencia normal luego de traumatismos, sin embargo existen en el mercado una gran cantidad de materiales de relleno para dicho efecto. El presente estudio se enfoca en un relleno autólogo que sirve como injerto y es la GRASA del propio paciente, pudiendo dar excelentes resultados dependiendo de varios factores, entre ellos en el que nos enfocamos es el tratamiento que se le da a la grasa luego de la liposucción y previo a su inoculación teniendo en cuenta las dos corrientes más conocidas como son la centrifugación y la decantación. Objetivo: Evaluar la mejor preservación de la morfología del adipocito previo tratamiento de sedimentación y de centrifugación en la preparación del lipoinjerto. Materiales y Métodos: bajo consentimiento informado e historia clínica, se realizó la toma de 30 muestras de tejido graso de 10 ml cada una aproximadamente, de pacientes voluntarios. Dichas muestras fueron separadas en dos grupos iguales de 15 muestras cada una, un grupo se realizó centrifugación y el otro grupo decantación, al finalizar se enviaron muestras al laboratorio para procesamiento de placas histológicas y su respectivo análisis al microscopio para determinar la morfología del tejido graso. Resultados: el análisis histológico demostró que la técnica de sedimentación es superior en relación a la centrifugación, debido a que se presenta mayor cantidad de adipocitos por conteo al igual que núcleos, una disminución notable en el número de adipocitos destruidos y sobre todo la presencia de capilares sanguíneos, misma que fue casi nula en la técnica de centrifugación. Conclusiones: se demuestra que en el tratamiento del tejido graso para ser

  1. Actualización en técnicas ortodónticas distalizadoras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariela González Fernández

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available Debido al auge que ha tomado la distalización de sectores posteriores, se decidió profundizar en el tema para dar a conocer las técnicas distalizadoras que se usan actualmente en el mundo. Para ello se realizó una revisión de la bibligrafía sobre el tema que se encontraba en los centros de referencia de la capital e Internet. Se determinó que actualmente son muy usadas las espirales de niquel-titanio (NiTi en la mayoría de las técnicas distalizadoras modernas, las que resultan más efectivas que los imanes repelentes. No obstante también se han continuado desarrollando las técnicas removibles con éxito.Due to the growing interest that distalization of distal sectors has aroused, it was decided to delve into this topic to find out the distalization techniques in use worldwide. To this end, a literature review was made in the reference centers of the capital and on Internet. It was determined that at present the NiTi coils are widely used in most of modern distalization techniques since they are more effective than repelling magnets. Nevertheless, successful removable techniques are also being developed.

  2. Novel Study on N-Nitrosamines as Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salah A. Sheweita

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Millions of people are exposed daily to N-nitrosamines from different environmental sources. The present study aims at investigating the role of N-nitrosamines in the alteration of homocysteine, lipid profile, oxidative stress, paraoxonase activity, antioxidant enzymes, and free radicals which are important risk factors for CVD. In addition, biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases such as creatine kinase MB activity (CK-MB and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH as well as protein expression of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase π isozyme were assayed after treatment of rats with 0.2 mg/kg body weight of N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA, N-nitrosoethylbutylamine (NEBA, N-nitrosobutylpropylamine (NBPA, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA, and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPA as a daily dose for two weeks. LDL levels, paraoxonase activity, reduced glutathione levels, and glutathione reductase activities were increased, whereas HDL levels decreased after treatment of rats with most of N-nitrosamines compared to control group. Moreover, levels of free radicals and catalase activity increased, whereas protein expression of both glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase decreased after treatment of rats with some N-nitrosamines. The data showed that most N-nitrosamines increased CK-MB and LDH activities. It is concluded that N-nitrosamines increased levels of free radicals, and decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes which may consequently increase the incidence of CVDs.

  3. Neuroantibodies (NAB) in African-American Children: Associations with Gender, Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST)Pi Polymorphisms (SNP) and Heavy Metals

    Science.gov (United States)

    CONTACT (NAME ONLY): Hassan El-Fawal Abstract Details PRESENTATION TYPE: Platform or Poster CURRENT CATEGORY: Neurodegenerative Disease | Biomarkers | Neurotoxicity, Metals KEYWORDS: Autoantibodies, Glutathione-S-Transferase, DATE/TIME LAST MODIFIED: DATE/TIME SUBMITTED: Abs...

  4. Enhanced tolerance and remediation of anthracene by transgenic tobacco plants expressing a fungal glutathione transferase gene

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dixit, Prachy; Mukherjee, Prasun K.; Sherkhane, Pramod D.; Kale, Sharad P. [Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India); Eapen, Susan, E-mail: eapenhome@yahoo.com [Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085 (India)

    2011-08-15

    Highlights: {yields} Transgenic plants expressing a TvGST gene were tested for tolerance, uptake and degradation of anthracene. {yields} Transgenic plants were more tolerant to anthracene and take up more anthracene from soil and solutions compared to control plants. {yields} Using in vitro T{sub 1} seedlings, we showed that anthracene-a three fused benzene ring compound was phytodegraded to naphthalene derivatives, having two benzene rings. {yields} This is the first time that a transgenic plant was shown to have the potential to phytodegrade anthracene. - Abstract: Plants can be used for remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons, which are known to be a major concern for human health. Metabolism of xenobiotic compounds in plants occurs in three phases and glutathione transferases (GST) mediate phase II of xenobiotic transformation. Plants, although have GSTs, they are not very efficient for degradation of exogenous recalcitrant xenobiotics including polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Hence, heterologous expression of efficient GSTs in plants may improve their remediation and degradation potential of xenobiotics. In the present study, we investigated the potential of transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST for tolerance, remediation and degradation of anthracene-a recalcitrant polyaromatic hydrocarbon. Transgenic plants with fungal GST showed enhanced tolerance to anthracene compared to control plants. Remediation of {sup 14}C uniformly labeled anthracene from solutions and soil by transgenic tobacco plants was higher compared to wild-type plants. Transgenic plants (T{sub 0} and T{sub 1}) degraded anthracene to naphthalene derivatives, while no such degradation was observed in wild-type plants. The present work has shown that in planta expression of a fungal GST in tobacco imparted enhanced tolerance as well as higher remediation potential of anthracene compared to wild-type plants.

  5. Los campos fantasmas en la renormalización de un modelo Lagrangiano t-J

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar P. Zandron

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En presente trabajo hemos tratado el rol de los campos fantasmas en el proceso de renormalización del formalismo Lagrangiano perturbativo para un modelo t-J. Mostramos que con la incorporación de campos fantasmas apropiados en los propagadores y vértices de la teoría, la misma puede ser renormalizada a todo orden. Esto se pone en evidencia en el estudio detallado de la renormalización del propagador ferromagnético del magnón, mostrando el ablandamiento térmico de la frecuencia. También hemos analizado el caso antiferromagnético, y estos resultados fueron confrontados con estudios previos en teorías del "spin-polarón".

  6. Changes in amino transferases and muscle proteins when treating pigmeat with ionising rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hamm, R.; Hofmann, K.; Gruenewald, T.; Partmann, W.

    1975-01-01

    Slices of lean pigmeat were treated with electron beams doses of 0.2, 1.0 and 5.0 Mrad. Low irradiation doses led to an increase in the activity of aspartate amino transferase (GOT) and alanin amino transferase (GPT) in the tissue generally and in the sarcoplasm (juice expressed from the muscle). 5 Mrad caused a great reduction in the activity of GOT and GPT in the tissue and the sarcoplasm. It seems doubtful whether this inactivation is due to a destruction of enzyme sulphhydryl groups. Irradiating with 5 Mrad resulted in partial release of the mitochondrial GOT isozyme (GOTsub(M)) into the sarcoplasm. This indicates damage to the mitochondrial membranes by ionising radiation. Irradiating the pigmeat increased the pH of the tissue and lowered its water binding ability (increase in drip). Up to a dose of 1 Mrad the solubility of the sarcoplasmic proteins was not definitely affected, but 5 Mrad caused a considerable drop in protein solubility. Surprisingly a dose of even 5 Mrad did not change the total number of sulphhydryl groups present in the tissue. Sephadex thin layer electrophoresis showed that at 0.2 Mrad there was a drastic decrease in the myosin band and an increase in peptide fragments of low molecular weight, whilst actin was little changed. (orig.) [de

  7. Utilidad de la conformación del túnel liso antes de usar limas rotatorias endodónticas de níquel-titanio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Laureano Nino Barrera

    Full Text Available Introducción: para prevenir la fractura de instrumentos endodonticos actualmente se siguen investigando materiales, técnicas y diseños los cuales buscan reducir su incidencia. La conformación de túnel liso (Glide Path se ha propuesto con este fin, sin embargo su utilidad ha sido controvertida. Objetivo: comprobar teóricamente mediante la utilización de un análisis de elementos finitos, la utilidad de la conformación de túnel liso, antes de la utilización de limas rotatorias endodonticas de níquel-titanio. Métodos: se realizó una simulación numérica mediante un análisis de elementos finitos, para lo cual se construyeron modelos matemáticos de las limas rotatorias de níquel-titanio S1 y S2 de la serie Protaper®. Con el software Simulation multyphisics de Autodesk® se programaron las propiedades mecánicas de las limas y un límite de falla por fractura de 1270,588 MPa. Posteriormente se aplicó el torque recomendado por el fabricante y se fijo la punta del instrumento (sin conformación de túnel liso aplicando allí restricciones en todos los grados de libertad.Para simular la realización de la conformación de túnel liso, se aplicaron restricciones en todos los grados de libertad a una determinada distancia de la punta del instrumento, simulando de esta forma que la punta del instrumento permanecía libre. Resultados: al fijar la punta de las limas, los esfuerzos máximos fueron 1545,77 MPa para la S1 y 1306,47 MPa para la S2, observando fractura de los instrumentos. Al fijar las limas a distancia de la punta no se observó fractura. Conclusiones: se demostró teóricamente que al impedir que se atrapen la punta de las limas, se previene su fractura y que dicho atrapamiento se evita con una conformación de túnel liso, por lo que se concluye que este procedimiento es útil para prevenir la fractura de los instrumentos rotatorios de níquel-titanio.

  8. Uso de la generación de vapores en la determinación de metales traza por técnicas atómicas

    OpenAIRE

    Villanueva Alonso, Julia

    2012-01-01

    La generación de vapor es una técnica de introducción de muestra que ha sido empleada para incrementar la sensibilidad en la determinación de los elementos que forman hidruros usando diferentes técnicas espectroscópicas como AAS. (Espectroscopía de Absorción Atómica), AFS (Espectroscopía de Fluorescencia Atómica) o ICPOES (Espectroscopía de Emisión Óptica con fuente de Plasma de Acoplamiento Inductivo). En las últimas décadas la aplicación de la generación de vapor se ha amp...

  9. Predominance of N-acetyl transferase 2 slow acetylator alleles in ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Student

    The human N-acetyltransferase II (NAT2) gene may vary between individuals resulting in variability in the incidence of adverse drug reactions. We set out in this adhoc analysis to determine the distribution of allele frequencies of NAT2 gene variants among children less than ten years treated with artemisinin-based.

  10. Punción seca en espasticidad severa-técnica DNHS.

    OpenAIRE

    Rabanal Pueyo, María Consuelo

    2016-01-01

    Antecedentes: la eficacia de las técnicas de punción en puntos gatillo para el tratamiento de la disfunción y el dolor en pacientes neurológicos, está ampliamente documentada. Sin embargo, en el tratamiento de la espasticidad y la hipertonía no hay evidencia al respecto. Objetivos: el principal objetivo es estudiar si la punción seca en puntos gatillo, produce una disminución de la espasticidad y la hipertonía que perdure en el tiempo dando así una alternativa a la toxina bo...

  11. Heterologous expression of C. elegans fat-1 decreases the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    An, Lei, E-mail: anleim@yahoo.com.cn [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China); Pang, Yun-Wei, E-mail: yunweipang@126.com [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China); Gao, Hong-Mei, E-mail: Gaohongmei_123@yahoo.cn [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China); Research Unit for Animal Life Sciences, Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Ibaraki-Iwama 319-0206 (Japan); Tao, Li, E-mail: Eunice8023@yahoo.cn [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China); College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118 (China); Miao, Kai, E-mail: miaokai7@163.com [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China); Wu, Zhong-Hong, E-mail: wuzhh@cau.edu.cn [Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China); and others

    2012-11-23

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Expression of C. elegans fat-1 reduces the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in 3T3-L1 cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer fat-1 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer fat-1 reduces lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The lower n-6/n-3 ratio induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. -- Abstract: In general, a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibits the development of obesity and decreases adipose tissue. The specific impacts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on adipogenesis, however, have not been definitively determined. Traditional in vivo and in vitro supplementation studies have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results, which likely reflect insufficiently controlled experimental systems. Caenorhabditiselegans fat-1 gene encodes an n-3 fatty acid desaturase, and its heterologous expression represents an effective method both for altering the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and for evaluating the biological effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. We sought to determine whether a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio could influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Lentivirus-mediated introduction of the fat-1 gene into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio and inhibited preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In mature adipocytes, fat-1 expression reduced lipid deposition, as measured by Oil Red O staining, and induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio inhibits adipogenesis through several mechanisms and that n-3 PUFAs more effectively inhibit adipogenesis (but not lipogenesis) than do n-6 PUFAs.

  12. Corrosion resistance of welded joints in 08Kh22N6T and 08Kh21N6M2T steels made with new electrodes

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sidorkina, Y.S.; Leibzon, V.M.; Mankevich, T.V.; Sidlin, E.A.; Zheltova, G.A.

    1986-01-01

    This paper examines the corrosion resistance of 08Kh22N6T and 08Kh21N6M2T steels which would make it possible to ensure equal properties of all the zones of the welded joints. The investigations were carried out on the welded joints in the steels produced with new OZL-40 and OZL-41 electrodes and with standard TsL-11 and EA-400/10u electrodes. The chemical compositions of the steels and deposited metal are presented. The tests of the intercrystalline corrosion resistances of the welded joints in the steels in the as-welded condition and after heat treatment showed that the weld metal is not attacked by intercrystalline corrosion. The tests also showed that the welded joints in 08Kh22N6T steel made with the OZL-40 and TsL-11 electrodes are resistant to corrosion in 55% phosphoric acid at 90 C in 1% sulfuric acid, and in 25% formic acid at 80 C. The investigated steels made with the OZL-40 and OZL-41 electrode respectively show that the welded joints are resistant to intercrystalline and general corrosion, have high mechanical and processing properties and the electrodes, and can be used for welding equipment designed for service in alkaline, neutral, and slightly acid media

  13. Revisión de resultados experimentales en técnicas de prueba y de educción de conocimientos

    OpenAIRE

    Guerini, Mario L.; Fernández, E.; Britos, Paola Verónica; García-Martínez, E.

    2008-01-01

    La cantidad de experimentos realizados en el ámbito de la ingeniería del software ha ido aumentando considerablemente en los últimos años. Estos experimentos cubren un amplio rango de temas, como por ejemplo, técnicas de pruebas en software, técnicas de educción de conocimientos, lenguajes de programación, etc. Sin embargo, si los experimentos no son tratados como investigaciones controladas, formales y rigurosas, existe un riesgo de obtener conclusiones que carezcan de validez. En este re...

  14. Systemic catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibition enables the D1 agonist radiotracer R-[11C]SKF 82957

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Palner, Mikael; McCormick, Patrick; Parkes, Jun

    2010-01-01

    R-[(11)C]-SKF 82957 is a high-affinity and potent dopamine D(1) receptor agonist radioligand, which gives rise to a brain-penetrant lipophilic metabolite. In this study, we demonstrate that systemic administration of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors blocks this metabolic pathway, f...

  15. Epoxyalkane:Coenzyme M Transferase Gene Diversity and Distribution in Groundwater Samples from Chlorinated-Ethene-Contaminated Sites

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Xikun

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT Epoxyalkane:coenzyme M transferase (EaCoMT) plays a critical role in the aerobic biodegradation and assimilation of alkenes, including ethene, propene, and the toxic chloroethene vinyl chloride (VC). To improve our understanding of the diversity and distribution of EaCoMT genes in the environment, novel EaCoMT-specific terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and nested-PCR methods were developed and applied to groundwater samples from six different contaminated sites. T-RFLP analysis revealed 192 different EaCoMT T-RFs. Using clone libraries, we retrieved 139 EaCoMT gene sequences from these samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that a majority of the sequences (78.4%) grouped with EaCoMT genes found in VC- and ethene-assimilating Mycobacterium strains and Nocardioides sp. strain JS614. The four most-abundant T-RFs were also matched with EaCoMT clone sequences related to Mycobacterium and Nocardioides strains. The remaining EaCoMT sequences clustered within two emergent EaCoMT gene subgroups represented by sequences found in propene-assimilating Gordonia rubripertincta strain B-276 and Xanthobacter autotrophicus strain Py2. EaCoMT gene abundance was positively correlated with VC and ethene concentrations at the sites studied. IMPORTANCE The EaCoMT gene plays a critical role in assimilation of short-chain alkenes, such as ethene, VC, and propene. An improved understanding of EaCoMT gene diversity and distribution is significant to the field of bioremediation in several ways. The expansion of the EaCoMT gene database and identification of incorrectly annotated EaCoMT genes currently in the database will facilitate improved design of environmental molecular diagnostic tools and high-throughput sequencing approaches for future bioremediation studies. Our results further suggest that potentially significant aerobic VC degraders in the environment are not well represented in pure culture. Future research should aim to isolate and

  16. Evaluación técnica y económica de alternativas de fertilización y enmiendas en tabaco Virginia (Nicotiana tabacum en la región García Rovira, Santander (Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marín Nilson

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Los principales problemas observados en la fertilidad de los suelos de la región García Rovira son la degradación y el desbalance químico. Aquí se presentan pH y saturaciones de Ca elevadas (3,5-5,0 meq•100g-1 que limitan la disponibilidad de P, Mg y micronutrientes para el tabaco Virginia. El objetivo de este trabajo es orientar el manejo de fertilizantes y enmiendas que aumente la eficiencia, disponibilidad y toma de nutrientes. Se establecieron 6 tratamientos con la variedad K-346 correspondientes a fertilización convencional + kieserita (T1, fertilización convencional + kieserita + ácido fosfórico (T2, fertilización reacción ácida + kieserita (T3, fertilización abono orgánico-mineral + kieserita (T4, fertilización convencional + kieserita + cobertura (T5, fertilización convencional - testigo (T6. Se usó un diseño BCA con tres repeticiones. Se analizaron dos grupos de variables, edáficas 45 días después del trasplante y producción a la cosecha. El T2 logró la mayor reducción del pH de 7,3 a 7,0 y el mayor incremento de P disponible; obtuvo la mayor producción, 18,47% más que el testigo, sin afectar la cantidad de hojas de primera calidad. El T3 redujo el pH e incrementó el contenido de Mg en menor proporción que T2. Presentó la segunda mayor producción sin afectar la cantidad de hojas de primera calidad y mostró mayor rentabilidad económica, seguido por T2. En rendimiento los tratamientos T1 y T5 se comportaron mejor que el testigo, pero el cambio en el valor de la cosecha no justifica el incremento en el costo de la fertilización. El T4 estuvo por debajo del testigo en rendimiento, precio promedio y valor total de cosecha.

  17. La creación de nuevas reglas técnicas en el IGBM mediante la Programación Genética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Fernández Rodríguez

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo analizamos la capacidad de generar beneficios de reglas técnicas creadas mediante la programación genética en el Índice General de la Bolsa de Madrid . Esta nueva técnica, que no es mas que una expansión de los algoritmos genéticos, permite generar nuevas reglas de contratación en bolsa mediante procedimientos de optimización basados en la selección natural darwiniana. Se comparará los rendimientos obtenidos con la sencilla estrategia de comprar y mantener así como con las reglas basadas en medias móviles más comúnmente usadas en los mercados.

  18. Identificación y caracterización de especies de Neosartorya aisladas de frutillas (Fragaria spp. frescas y tratadas térmicamente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Frisón

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El género Aspergillus es uno de los géneros fúngicos más estudiados y de gran impacto a nivel industrial. La sección Fumigati incluye unas pocas especies anamorfas del género Aspergillus. Las especies que son teleomorfas se encuentran dentro del género Neosartorya. Este es un moho resistente al calor que causan problemas en las industrias alimentarias o enfermedades en los seres humanos. Sus ascosporas han sido aisladas a partir de frutas, pulpas y jugos, ya que pueden sobrevivir a los tratamientos de térmicos industriales pudiendo aparecer la contaminación post-pasteurización. El objetivo fue caracterizar aislados de Neosartorya de frutillas frescas recién cosechadas y tratadas térmicamente, analizando la ornamentación de las ascosporas, toxicidad y resistencia térmica. Se aislaron las colonias, y se identificaron macro y microscópicamente siguiendo la metodología de Pitt y Hocking (2009, de 60 muestras. Se caracterizaron las ascosporas por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se determinó la capacidad toxicogénica de los extractos por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. Se evaluó la resistencia térmica a diferentes temperaturas. Se aislaron 18 cepas de Neosartorya de frutillas recién cosechadas, y otros mohos termorresistentes como Arthrinium phaeospermum, Byssochlamys nivea y Talaromyces macrosporus. En las frutillas tratadas térmicamente no se aislaron mohos termorresistentes. Trece aislados mostraron ascosporascoincidentes con N. fischeri, el resto con N. spinosa. Los aislados de N. fischeri produjeron fumitremorgina A y B y verruculógeno en arroz, pero no lo hicieron en frutillas frescas. Los parámetros de resistencia térmica fueron: D80 ºC: 20 - 22 minutos, D85 ºC: 9 - 11 minutos, D90 ºC: 2 - 3 minutos y z: 10 - 11 ºC para N. fischeri y D80 ºC: > 120 minutos, D85 ºC: 11 - 94 minutos, D90 ºC: 3 - 15 minutos y z: 6 - 9 ºC para N. spinosa. Es indispensable aplicar buenas prácticas agrícolas y

  19. Identificación y caracterización de especies de Neosartorya aisladas de frutillas (Fragaria spp. frescas y tratadas térmicamente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Frisón

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El género Aspergillus es uno de los géneros fúngicos más estudiados y de gran impacto a nivel industrial. La sección Fumigati incluye unas pocas especies anamorfas del género Aspergillus. Las especies que son teleomorfas se encuentran dentro del género Neosartorya. Este es un moho resistente al calor que causan problemas en las industrias alimentarias o enfermedades en los seres humanos. Sus ascosporas han sido aisladas a partir de frutas, pulpas y jugos, ya que pueden sobrevivir a los tratamientos de térmicos industriales pudiendo aparecer la contaminación post-pasteurización. El objetivo fue caracterizar aislados de Neosartorya de frutillas frescas recién cosechadas y tratadas térmicamente, analizando la ornamentación de las ascosporas, toxicidad y resistencia térmica. Se aislaron las colonias, y se identificaron macro y microscópicamente siguiendo la metodología de Pitt y Hocking (2009, de 60 muestras. Se caracterizaron las ascosporas por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se determinó la capacidad toxicogénica de los extractos por cromatografía líquida de alta eficiencia. Se evaluó la resistencia térmica a diferentes temperaturas. Se aislaron 18 cepas de Neosartorya de frutillas recién cosechadas, y otros mohos termorresistentes como Arthrinium phaeospermum, Byssochlamys nivea y Talaromyces macrosporus. En las frutillas tratadas térmicamente no se aislaron mohos termorresistentes. Trece aislados mostraron ascosporas coincidentes con N. fischeri, el resto con N. spinosa. Los aislados de N. fischeri produjeron fumitremorgina A y B y verruculógeno en arroz, pero no lo hicieron en frutillas frescas. Los parámetros de resistencia térmica fueron: D80 ºC: 20 - 22 minutos, D85 ºC: 9 - 11 minutos, D90 ºC: 2 - 3 minutos y z: 10 - 11 ºC para N. fischeri y D80 ºC: > 120 minutos, D85 ºC: 11 - 94 minutos, D90 ºC: 3 - 15 minutos y z: 6 - 9 ºC para N. spinosa. Es indispensable aplicar buenas prácticas agrícolas y

  20. İNÜLİN VE MALTODEKSTRİN İLAVESİNİN KEFİRLERİN KONJÜGE LİNOLEİK ASİT İÇERİĞİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ

    OpenAIRE

    ÖZBEY, Ayşe; DİNÇ, Selin Özge; ERİNÇ, Özlem

    2018-01-01

    Kefir tarihi yüzyıllar öncesine dayanan Kafkas dağları,Tibet ve Moğolistan kökenli fermente bir süt ürünüdür. Bazı bakteriler gelişimve metabolizmalarının sonucu olarak süt ürünlerinde fermantasyon boyunca farklıyağ asidi profilleri ve fonksiyonel yağ asitleri oluşturabilirler. Çalışmadakefir üretimleri inek sütüne %1, %2 ve %3 oranlarında maltodekstrin ve inülineklendikten sonra gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kontrol olarak maltodekstrin ve inülineklenmemiş sütten kefir üretilmiştir. Kefir üretiminde...

  1. El muestreo: técnica al servicio de la valoración documental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan E. Piccini

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available La técnica de muestreo nació y se desarrolló con el objetivo de proporcionar muestras representativas de una población.La imposibilidad de obtener información en muchos casos con base en la medición de todas las unidades que componen la población (censo conlleva a seleccionar sólo una parte de ella (muestra por métodos que permitan considerarla representativa y así argüir acerca de esas características poblacionales de interés.El muestreo es por lo tanto, una herramienta de la investigación científica, cuya función básica es determinar qué parte de una población debe examinarse, con la finalidad de hacer inferencias sobre dicha población.Ahora bien, estas técnicas, aplicadas a los archivos son en general una respuesta y/o medida que se toma frente al ritmo continuo de crecimiento vertiginoso de las series y subseries documentales conservadas tanto en archivos privados como públicos.La finalidad entonces, no es averiguar algo sobre la población en cuestión, sino extraer individuos o unidades que serán preservadas como testimonio en función de la información en ellos contenida, para luego eliminar el resto de la población.Es pues importante tener en cuenta esta diferencia a la hora de considerar la Selección por muestreo.La propuesta de este trabajo es mostrar el alcance de una herramienta cuyo origen está en otra ciencia pero que el archivólogo debe saber cómo y cuándo utilizar. Importa además incluir la técnica de muestreo como objeto de estudio en la formación de la evaluación documental conciliando la archivística y la estadística como dos voces y un camino conjunto por recorrer y explorar.

  2. Determinación de la degradación térmica de polímeros por análisis de cambio de color

    OpenAIRE

    Rojas, Andrés Felipe; Osswald, Tim

    2016-01-01

    Contexto: Se ha observado que la degradación térmica de polímeros termoplásticos, cuando son reprocesados por inyección, extrusión y extrusión/inyección, causa cambios de color en el producto, aunque no se ha establecido en qué medida produce este efecto. Método: Se analizó el efecto sobre la degradación térmica del tipo de polímero, tipo de procesamiento, grado del polímero, velocidad de giro del husillo en extrusión y el número de reprocesamientos, cuantificada a través del cambio de color ...

  3. Eficiencia térmica en soldadura de la aleación AA6061-T6 por arco eléctrico indirecto modificado y digitalización de señales de intensidad de corriente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ambriz, R. R.

    2009-08-01

    Full Text Available The results of the thermal efficiency on welding by modified indirect electric arc technique (MIEA [1] of the 6061- T6 aluminum alloy are presented. These values are in a range of 90 to 94 %, which depend of the preheating employed. Thermal efficiency was obtained by means of a balance energy which considers the heat input, the amount of melted mass of the welding profiles, and welding parameters during the joining, especially of the arc current data acquisition. Also, some dimensionless parameters were employed in order to determine the approximation grade of the melted pool, the heat affected zone (HAZ, and their corresponding values with the experimental results.

    En el presente trabajo de investigación, se presentan los resultados de la eficiencia térmica en la soldadura de una aleación de aluminio 6061-T6 por medio de la técnica de arco eléctrico indirecto modificado (AEIM [1]. Los valores se encuentran en un rango de 90-94 % dependiendo de la temperatura de precalentamiento y fueron obtenidos a través de un balance térmico que considera a la energía aportada por el arco eléctrico, la cantidad de masa fundida de los perfiles de soldadura obtenidos y las variables operativas en el proceso de unión, poniendo especial atención en los datos recogidos en el proceso de digitalización para la intensidad de corriente del arco eléctrico. También se em - plearon algunos parámetros adimensionales para determinar el grado de aproximación de la porción del baño fundido, el ancho de la zona afectada por el calor (ZAC y sus correspondientes aproximaciones con los resultados experimentales.

  4. The dyad palindromic glutathione transferase P enhancer binds multiple factors including AP1.

    OpenAIRE

    Diccianni, M B; Imagawa, M; Muramatsu, M

    1992-01-01

    Glutathione Transferase P (GST-P) gene expression is dominantly regulated by an upstream enhancer (GPEI) consisting of a dyad of palindromically oriented imperfect TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate)-responsive elements (TRE). GPEI is active in AP1-lacking F9 cells as well in AP1-containing HeLa cells. Despite GPEI's similarity to a TRE, c-jun co-transfection has only a minimal effect on transactivation. Antisense c-jun and c-fos co-transfection experiments further demonstrate the lac...

  5. Progress of Organizational Behavior of Libraries Kütüphanelerin Örgütsel Davranışının Gelişimi

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mustafa Bayter

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available The manner of librarian, determines organizational behavior of library. We can define as all of human behavior of organizational behavior, the expressions of individual while working inside of institution, perception, worth, the capacity of learning and base of organizational of human behavior. User focused organizational library, must heal of service quality everyday. The heal of service quality is possible in case of good organizational behavior. At this work, we try to work under organizational behavior, organizational culture, organizational culture and library, organizational behavior of libraries, alternation and progress of organizational behavior of libraries. Kütüphanede çalışanların davranışları, kütüphanenin örgütsel davranışını belirler. Örgütsel davranışı; bireyin kurum içinde çalışırken g��sterdiği davranışları, algıları, değerleri, öğrenme kapasitesini ve örgütsel bazdaki insan davranışının tümü olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Kullanıcı odaklı örgüt olan kütüphane, kullanıcı memnuniyeti için hizmet kalitesini her gün iyileştirmek zorundadır. Bu çalışmamızda konuyu; örgütsel davranış, örgütsel kültür, örgütsel davranış ve kütüphane, kütüphanelerin örgütsel davranışı, kütüphanenin örgütsel davranışının değişim ve gelişim analiz modeli başlıkları altında incelemeye çalıştık

  6. Glutathione Transferase from Trichoderma virens Enhances Cadmium Tolerance without Enhancing Its Accumulation in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dixit, Prachy; Mukherjee, Prasun K.; Ramachandran, V.; Eapen, Susan

    2011-01-01

    Background Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd. Results Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and

  7. Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Prachy Dixit

    Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd. RESULTS: Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for

  8. Differential cross section measurement for the {sup 6}Li(n,t){sup 4}He Reaction

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guohui, Zhang; Guoyou, Tang; Jinxiang, Chen; Zhaomin, Shi [Beijing Univ., Beijing (China). Inst. of Heavy Ion Physics and MOE Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Physics; Zemin, Chen [Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Dept. of Physics; Gledenov, Yu M; Sedysheva, M; Khuukhenkhuu, G [Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Dubna (Russian Federation)

    2002-06-01

    The differential cross sections and integrated cross sections of the {sup 6}Li(n,t){sup 4}He reaction were measured at 1.85 and 2.67 MeV by using a gridded ionization chamber. Neutrons were produced through the T(p, n){sup 3}He reaction. The absolute neutron flux was determined through the {sup 238}U(n, f) reaction. Present results are compared with existing data.

  9. Glutathione-binding site of a bombyx mori theta-class glutathione transferase.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M D Tofazzal Hossain

    Full Text Available The glutathione transferase (GST superfamily plays key roles in the detoxification of various xenobiotics. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a silkworm protein belonging to a previously reported theta-class GST family. The enzyme (bmGSTT catalyzes the reaction of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy-propane, and 4-nitrophenethyl bromide. Mutagenesis of highly conserved residues in the catalytic site revealed that Glu66 and Ser67 are important for enzymatic function. These results provide insights into the catalysis of glutathione conjugation in silkworm by bmGSTT and into the metabolism of exogenous chemical agents.

  10. ”Mitä tänään on tarjolla?” : opiskelijaruokailu laadusta mielikuviin

    OpenAIRE

    Partanen, Elina

    2008-01-01

    Työn tavoitteena oli selvittää, mitä opiskelijat yleensä syövät lounaalla opiskelijaravintolassa ja mitä mieltä he olivat tarjotusta lounasruuasta. Jyväskylän ammattikorkeakoululla on viisi eri ruokapalveluiden tarjoajaa, ja jokaisella on hieman toisistaan poikkeava liikekonsepti. Tutkimus toteutettiin sähköpostikyselynä Digium-ohjelman avulla ammattikorkeakoulun eri alojen opiskelijoille. Kyselyyn oli mahdollista vastata 8.4.2008 – 22.4.2008 välisenä aikana. Kyselyyn vastasi 341. Kyselyn tul...

  11. Aplicación de técnicas de optimización para la validación de un modelo numérico de acuíferos inconfinados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wilson Rodríguez Calderón

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Con el presente trabalo se desarrolla una alternativa para determinar el nivel de abatimiento de agua en acuIferos inconfinados, empleando las técnicas de optimización que están disponibles en el programa comercial de ele- mentos finitos ANSYS.3 Las variables de diseno se definen paramétricamente por medio de las coordenadas verticales o cotas de unos puntos clave, que se interconectan por medio de splines para aproximar la superficie libre. Las variables de estado son los valores de temperatura en los puntos clave, que por analogIa térmica son análogos a la cabeza de fluido. La función obletivo es el valor absoluto de la diferencia entre las coordenadas verticales y los valores de temperatura calculados en los puntos clave. Con la verificación de estas técnicas en la determinación de la posición de la tabla de agua en el problema de acuíferos libres, se está dando solución al problema de la superficie libre en presas de materiales sueltos y por qué no, a otro tipo de problemas, como los de mecánica de fluidos (por elemplo, el de flulo en canales o el de oleale, que aunque son problemas bien diferentes al de medio poroso, la solución sI que es altamente no lineal, y se requiere de técnicas robustas para aproximarse suficientemente al comportamiento real del fenómeno.

  12. Revisión de técnica y utilidades de la tomosíntesis digital de tórax en la actualidad

    OpenAIRE

    Sanhueza Z, Andrés; Corral G, Gonzalo; San Martín V, José; Olivares S, Pablo; de Luccas, Veruska; Varela U, Cristian

    2015-01-01

    La Tomosíntesis digital (TSD) de tórax es una técnica de imagen compuesta por piezas similares que la radiografía digital (RD). Sus ventajas de sobre RD: diagnóstico más preciso de las alteraciones estructuras torácicas, útil para confirmar o descartar la sospecha de nódulos, detección de los pacientes de alto riesgo de cáncer pulmonar y seguimiento de lesiones conocidas. La TSD crea reconstrucciones coronales torácicas con resolución superior a TC. Sin embargo, está limitada por su resolució...

  13. Obtención de imágenes óptimas por técnicas de Fourier. Aplicación al microscopio con análisis de polarización

    OpenAIRE

    Ciocci Brazzano, Ligia

    2011-01-01

    En este trabajo proponemos e implementamos una nueva técnica para la optimización de imágenes del microscopio de gran apertura numérica. En estos sistemas la teoría escalar de la difracción no es una buena aproximación, por lo que para el desarrollo y validación de nuestra técnica, proponemos un modelo numérico original de la teoría vectorial de la difracción. Este modelo permite calcular, en el plano imagen, el campo eléctrico producido por un emisor puntual. Éste basa en una modificación de...

  14. Vanillin as a modulator agent in SMART test: inhibition in the steps that precede N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-, ethylmethanesulphonate- and bleomycin-genotoxicity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sinigaglia, Marialva; Lehmann, Maurício; Baumgardt, Paula; do Amaral, Viviane Souza; Dihl, Rafael Rodrigues; Reguly, Maria Luíza; de Andrade, Heloísa Helena Rodrigues

    2006-09-05

    Vanillin (VA), the world's major flavoring compound used in food industry and confectionery products - that has antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity against a variety of mutagenic/carcinogenic agents - was tested for the interval between the formation of premutational lesion and it is finalization as a DNA lesion. The overall findings using co-treatment protocols in SMART test suggest that VA can lead to a significant protection against the general genotoxicity of ethylmethanesulphonate (EMS), N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) and bleomycin sulphate (BLEO). Considering MNU, ENU and EMS the desmutagenic activity observed could result from VA-stimulation of detoxification, via induction of glutathione S-transferase. However, the protector effect related to BLEO could be attributed to its powerful scavenger ability, which has the potential to prevent oxidative damage induced by BLEO.

  15. Clonorchis sinensis omega-class glutathione transferases are reliable biomarkers for serodiagnosis of clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kim, J-G; Ahn, C-S; Sripa, B; Eom, K S; Kang, I; Sohn, W-M; Nawa, Y; Kong, Y

    2018-04-09

    To determine the potential for immunodiagnostic application of two recombinant forms of Clonorchis sinensis omega-class glutathione transferases (rCsGSTo1 and rCsGSTo2) against human small liver-fluke C. sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini infections. Specific antibody levels against rCsGSTo1 and rCsGSTo2 in patients' sera of egg-positive opisthorchiasis (n = 87) and clonorchiasis (n = 120), as well as those in sera from patients with other helminthic infections (n = 252) and healthy controls (n = 40) were retrospectively analysed by ELISA. We observed highly positive correlation coefficients between specific antibody levels against rCsGSTo1 and rCsGSTo2 and egg counts per gramme of faeces (EPG) of patients with opisthorchiasis (n = 87; r = 0.88 for rCsGSTo1 and r = 0.90 for rCsGSTo2). Sera from opisthorchiasis patients whose EPG counts >100 (n = 43) revealed high antibody titres against both antigens. Patients' sera with low EPG counts (<100, n = 44) also exhibited reliable sensitivities of 93.2% and 97.7% for rCsGSTo1 and rCsGSTo2, respectively. Sera from clonorchiasis patients showed sensitivities of 90% (108/120 samples) and 89.2% (107/120 sera) for rCsGSTo1 and rCsGSTo2. Overall diagnostic sensitivities for liver-fluke infections were 92.3% for rCsGSTo1 (191/207 samples) and 93.2% for rCsGSTo2 (193/207 samples). Specificities were 89.7% (rCsGSTo1) and 97.6% (rCsGSTo2). Detection of specific antibody levels against rCsGSTo1 or rCsGSTo2 might be promising for the serodiagnosis of patients infected with these two phylogenetically close carcinogenic liver-flukes. Copyright © 2018 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Aplicación de técnicas avanzadas de neuroimágenes en rehabilitación motora

    OpenAIRE

    John Fredy Ochoa; José Luis Ascencio; Juan Camilo Suárez

    2014-01-01

    Introducción. La resonancia magnética funcional es una técnica no invasiva que permite el mapeo cerebral y la visualización de redes de conectividad. La hemiparesia posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular constituye un buen modelo biológico para estudiar los cambios en la conectividad cerebral. El uso de este modelo se puede expandir si se obtiene información antes y después de la rehabilitación neurológica. Objetivo. Presentar los hallazgos por neuroimágenes funcionales de un paciente co...

  17. Endogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate T cell-mediated hepatitis via autophagy activation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanli Li

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory effects in several liver disorders, including cirrhosis, acute liver failure, and fatty liver disease. To date, little is known about their role in immune-mediated liver diseases. In this study, we used fat-1 transgenic mice rich in endogenous n-3 PUFAs to examine the role of n-3 PUFAs in immune-mediated liver injury. Concanavalin A (Con A was administered intravenously to wild-type (WT and fat-1 transgenic mice to induce T cell-mediated hepatitis. Reduced liver damage was shown in Con A-administrated fat-1 transgenic mice, as evidenced by decreased mortality, attenuated hepatic necrosis, lessened serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT activity, and inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17A and IFN-γ. In vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that n-3 PUFAs significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic T cells and the differentiation of Th1 cells after Con A challenge. Further studies showed that n-3 PUFAs markedly increased autophagy level in Con A-treated fat-1 T cells compared with the WT counterparts. Blocking hepatic autophagy activity with chloroquine diminished the differences in T cell activation and liver injury between Con A-injected WT and fat-1 transgenic mice. We conclude that n-3 PUFAs limit Con A-induced hepatitis via an autophagy-dependent mechanism, and could be exploited as a new therapeutic approach for autoimmune hepatitis.

  18. Characterisation of the Candida albicans Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Ppt2 as a Potential Antifungal Drug Target.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Katharine S Dobb

    Full Text Available Antifungal drugs acting via new mechanisms of action are urgently needed to combat the increasing numbers of severe fungal infections caused by pathogens such as Candida albicans. The phosphopantetheinyl transferase of Aspergillus fumigatus, encoded by the essential gene pptB, has previously been identified as a potential antifungal target. This study investigated the function of its orthologue in C. albicans, PPT2/C1_09480W by placing one allele under the control of the regulatable MET3 promoter, and deleting the remaining allele. The phenotypes of this conditional null mutant showed that, as in A. fumigatus, the gene PPT2 is essential for growth in C. albicans, thus fulfilling one aspect of an efficient antifungal target. The catalytic activity of Ppt2 as a phosphopantetheinyl transferase and the acyl carrier protein Acp1 as a substrate were demonstrated in a fluorescence transfer assay, using recombinant Ppt2 and Acp1 produced and purified from E.coli. A fluorescence polarisation assay amenable to high-throughput screening was also developed. Therefore we have identified Ppt2 as a broad-spectrum novel antifungal target and developed tools to identify inhibitors as potentially new antifungal compounds.

  19. Corrections to n_s and n_t from high scale physics

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Broy, Benedict J.

    2016-09-01

    When modelling inflation fluctuations as a free quantum scalar field, the initial vacuum is conventionally imposed at the infinite past. This is called the Bunch-Davies (BD) vacuum. If however an asymptotically Minkowskian past does not exist, this requires modifications. We derive corrections to the scalar spectral index n_s and the tensor tilt n_t descending from arbitrary mixed states or from explicit non-BD initial conditions. The former may stem from some pre-inflationary background and can redshift away whereas the latter are induced by a timelike hypersurface parametrising a physical cut-off. In both cases, we find that corrections scale in parts or fully as O(ε) where ε is the first slow-roll parameter. The precise observational footprint is hence dependent on the model driving inflation. Further, we show how the inflationary consistency relation is altered. We thus provide an analytic handle on possible high scale or pre-inflationary physics.

  20. The nT1 translocation separates vulval regulatory elements from the egl-18 and elt-6 GATA factor genes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koh, Kyunghee; Bernstein, Yelena; Sundaram, Meera V

    2004-03-01

    egl-18 and elt-6 are partially redundant, adjacent genes encoding GATA factors essential for viability, seam cell development, and vulval development in Caenorhabditis elegans. The nT1 reciprocal translocation causes a strong Vulvaless phenotype, and an nT1 breakpoint was previously mapped to the left arm of LGIV, where egl-18/elt-6 are located. Here we present evidence that the nT1 vulval phenotype is due to a disruption of egl-18/elt-6 function specifically in the vulva. egl-18 mutations do not complement nT1 for vulval defects, and the nT1 breakpoint on LGIV is located within approximately 800 bp upstream of a potential transcriptional start site of egl-18. In addition, we have identified a approximately 350-bp cis-regulatory region sufficient for vulval expression just upstream of the nT1 breakpoint. By examining the fusion state and division patterns of the cells in the developing vulva of nT1 mutants, we demonstrate that egl-18/elt-6 prevent fusion and promote cell proliferation at multiple steps of vulval development.

  1. Evaluación de las técnicas de planificación de movimientos, Descomposición exacta trapezoidal y Descomposición adaptativa de celdas a través de mallas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Andrés Veléz Carvajal

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available Compara el desempeño de dos técnicas de planificación de movimientos: la descomposición exacta trapezoidal y la descomposición adaptativa de celdas a través de mallas. Ambas técnicas se implementaron en robots móviles Lego Mindstorms, bajo el ambiente de desarrollo Java-LeJOS. Su evaluación se realizó en tres ambientes de prueba, asumiendo la geometría del robot de dos maneras: como un punto y como un círculo en el espacio. Esta evaluación permitió ver que la descomposición exacta presenta trayectorias más cortas que la adaptativa; que su desempeño es similar en cuanto al error generado en la localización real final del robot; y que ambas técnicas permiten hallar caminos con menor distancia cuando se considera la geometría del robot como un círculo, que cuando se considera como un punto, ya que se delimitan opciones de recorridos más cercanos a la realidad. 

  2. Lg = 100 nm T-shaped gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si substrates with non-planar source/drain regrowth of highly-doped n+-GaN layer by MOCVD

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Huang Jie; Li Ming; Tang Chak-Wah; Lau Kei-May

    2014-01-01

    High-performance AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on silicon substrates by metal—organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) with a selective non-planar n-type GaN source/drain (S/D) regrowth are reported. A device exhibited a non-alloyed Ohmic contact resistance of 0.209 Ω·mm and a comprehensive transconductance (g m ) of 247 mS/mm. The current gain cutoff frequency f T and maximum oscillation frequency f MAX of 100-nm HEMT with S/D regrowth were measured to be 65 GHz and 69 GHz. Compared with those of the standard GaN HEMT on silicon substrate, the f T and f MAX is 50% and 52% higher, respectively. (interdisciplinary physics and related areas of science and technology)

  3. Analytic rotating black-hole solutions in N-dimensional f(T) gravity

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Nashed, G.G.L. [The British University in Egypt, Centre for Theoretical Physics, P.O. Box 43, Cairo (Egypt); Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Mathematics Department, Cairo (Egypt); Egyptian Relativity Group (ERG), Cairo (Egypt); El Hanafy, W. [The British University in Egypt, Centre for Theoretical Physics, P.O. Box 43, Cairo (Egypt); Egyptian Relativity Group (ERG), Cairo (Egypt)

    2017-02-15

    A non-diagonal vielbein ansatz is applied to the N-dimension field equations of f(T) gravity. An analytical vacuum solution is derived for the quadratic polynomial f(T)=T+εT{sup 2} and an inverse relation between the coupling constant ε and the cosmological constant Λ. Since the induced metric has off-diagonal components, it cannot be removed by a mere coordinate transformation, the solution has a rotating parameter. The curvature and torsion scalars invariants are calculated to study the singularities and horizons of the solution. In contrast to general relativity, the Cauchy horizon differs from the horizon which shows the effect of the higher order torsion. The general expression of the energy-momentum vector of f(T) gravity is used to calculate the energy of the system. Finally, we have shown that this kind of solution satisfies the first law of thermodynamics in the framework of f(T) gravitational theories. (orig.)

  4. Educación, técnicas y procesos de estandarización escolar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Ospina Cruz

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available La pregunta que direcciona la presente reflexión es la siguiente: ¿Por qué puede hablarse de una racionalidad tecnológica existente en la educación? Para sumergirnos en este proceso analítico que nos permita revisar la presencia de las técnicas inherentes a un cierto tipo de racionalidad tecnológica en la educación, establecemos diálogos con A. Leroi Gourhan, Marcel Mauss, Arnold Gehlen, Max Horkheimer, Michel Foucault, Martin Heidegger, Herbert Marcuse, C. Wulf, Germán Vargas G., A. Carvajal, J.C. Tedesco, J. Habermas, N. Luhmann y Langdon Winner, entre otros. AbstractThe question that directs this thought is: Why can speak of an existing technological rationality in education? To dive into this analytical process that allows us to check the presence of the techniques inherent in a certain type of technological rationality in education, we establish a dialogue with A. Leroi Gourhan, Marcel Mauss, Arnold Gehlen, Max Horkheimer, Michel Foucault, Martin Heidegger, Herbert Marcuse, C. Wulf, German Vargas, A. Carvajal, J.C. Tedesco, J. Habermas, N. Luhmann and Langdon Winner, among others.

  5. Solution Structural Studies of GTP:Adenosylcobinamide-Phosphateguanylyl Transferase (CobY from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Kiran K Singarapu

    Full Text Available GTP:adenosylcobinamide-phosphate (AdoCbi-P guanylyl transferase (CobY is an enzyme that transfers the GMP moiety of GTP to AdoCbi yielding AdoCbi-GDP in the late steps of the assembly of Ado-cobamides in archaea. The failure of repeated attempts to crystallize ligand-free (apo CobY prompted us to explore its 3D structure by solution NMR spectroscopy. As reported here, the solution structure has a mixed α/β fold consisting of seven β-strands and five α-helices, which is very similar to a Rossmann fold. Titration of apo-CobY with GTP resulted in large changes in amide proton chemical shifts that indicated major structural perturbations upon complex formation. However, the CobY:GTP complex as followed by 1H-15N HSQC spectra was found to be unstable over time: GTP hydrolyzed and the protein converted slowly to a species with an NMR spectrum similar to that of apo-CobY. The variant CobYG153D, whose GTP complex was studied by X-ray crystallography, yielded NMR spectra similar to those of wild-type CobY in both its apo- state and in complex with GTP. The CobYG153D:GTP complex was also found to be unstable over time.

  6. Photoreflectance study of strained GaAsN/GaAs T-junction quantum wires grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Klangtakai, Pawinee; Sanorpim, Sakuntam; Onabe, Kentaro

    2011-12-01

    Strained GaAsN T-junction quantum wires (T-QWRs) with different N contents grown on GaAs by two steps metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in [001] and [110] directions, namely QW1 and QW2 respectively, have been investigated by photoreflectance (PR) spectroscopy. Two GaAsN T-QWRs with different N contents were formed by T-intersection of (i) a 6.4-nm-thick GaAs0.89N0.011 QW1 and a 5.2-nm-thick GaAs0.968N0.032 QW2 and (ii) a 5.0-nm-thick GaAs0.985N0.015 QW1 and a 5.2-nm-thick GaAs0.968N0.032 QW2. An evidence of a one-dimensional structure at T-intersection of the two QWs on the (001) and (110) surfaces was established by PR resonances associated with extended states in all the QW and T-QWR samples. It is found that larger lateral confinement energy than 100 meV in both of [001] and [110] directions were achieved for GaAsN T-QWRs. With increasing temperature, the transition energy of GaAsN T-QWRs decreases with a faster shrinking rate compared to that of bulk GaAs. Optical quality of GaAsN T-QWRs is found to be affected by the N-induced band edge fluctuation, which is the unique characteristic of dilute III-V-nitrides.

  7. Entre la invención y la realidad: animación como técnica de expresión de la memoria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alicia Fernández Sánchez

    2017-07-01

    Full Text Available La animación ofrece maneras visualmente diferentes de representar la memoria a las demás artes audiovisuales. Con sus propias normas de movimiento, múltiples posibilidades visuales y recursos, es una técnica capaz de crear memoria de la nada, de recogerla o de mostrar datos que no fueron recabados de otra manera y que solo se encuentran en la mente de quienes los recuerdan. El objetivo de este artículo es explorar las distintas formas en las que la memoria, la historia y el recuerdo se pueden presentar en animación técnica y conceptual, repasando ejemplos de obras que ayuden a comprender el concepto para analizar.

  8. SILENCING THE NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC O-GLCNAC TRANSFERASE REDUCES PROLIFERATION, ADHESION AND MIGRATION OF CANCER AND FETAL HUMAN COLON CELL LINES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    AGATA eSTEENACKERS

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The post-translational modification of proteins by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc is regulated by a unique couple of enzymes. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT transfers the GlcNAc residue from UDP-GlcNAc, the final product of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP, whereas O-GlcNAcase (OGA removes it. This study and others show that OGT and O-GlcNAcylation levels are increased in cancer cell lines. In that context we studied the effect of OGT silencing in the colon cancer cell lines HT29 and HCT116 and the primary colon cell line CCD841CoN. Herein we report that OGT silencing diminished proliferation, in vitro cell survival and adhesion of primary and cancer cell lines. SiOGT dramatically de-creased HT29 and CCD841CoN migration, CCD841CoN harboring high capabilities of mi-gration in Boyden chamber system when compared to HT29 and HCT116. The expression levels of actin and tubulin were unaffected by OGT knockdown but siOGT seemed to disor-ganize microfilament, microtubule and vinculin networks in CCD841CoN. While cancer cell lines harbor higher levels of OGT and O-GlcNAcylation to fulfill their proliferative and migra-tory properties, in agreement with their higher consumption of HBP main substrates glucose and glutamine, our data demonstrate that OGT expression is not only necessary for the biolog-ical properties of cancer cell lines but also for normal cells.

  9. Proyecto de factibilidad para la elaboración y comercialización del té de chaya para la ciudad de Guayaquil

    OpenAIRE

    Alvaro Bustamante, Lorena Elizabeth; Núñez Bravo, Miriam Carlota

    2012-01-01

    La producción de té en el Ecuador, es un mercado oligopolizado por el hecho que no existen muchas empresas que decidan invertir en la transformación y elaboración de esta bebida aromática, originando la importación de otros tés. Mientras que la riqueza natural en el Ecuador es extensa y mal explotada, por el hecho de que no se investiga de la manera adecuada sobre nuevas plantas que reúnen gran cantidad de beneficios a la salud de quienes lo consuman, hecho por el cual se mantiene en el merca...

  10. Extremely intense (SML ≤–2500 nT substorms: isolated events that are externally triggered?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    B. T. Tsurutani

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available We examine particularly intense substorms (SML ≤–2500 nT, hereafter called "supersubstorms" or SSS events, to identify their nature and their magnetic storm dependences. It is found that these intense substorms are typically isolated events and are only loosely related to magnetic storms. SSS events can occur during super (Dst ≤–250 nT and intense (−100 nT ≥ Dst >–250 magnetic storms. SSS events can also occur during nonstorm (Dst ≥–50 nT intervals. SSSs are important because the strongest ionospheric currents will flow during these events, potentially causing power outages on Earth. Several SSS examples are shown. SSS events appear to be externally triggered by small regions of very high density (~30 to 50 cm−3 solar wind plasma parcels (PPs impinging upon the magnetosphere. Precursor southward interplanetary magnetic fields are detected prior to the PPs hitting the magnetosphere. Our hypothesis is that these southward fields input energy into the magnetosphere/magnetotail and the PPs trigger the release of the stored energy.

  11. 26 CFR 301.6103(n)-2T - Disclosure of return information in connection with written contracts among the IRS...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... (temporary). 301.6103(n)-2T Section 301.6103(n)-2T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Returns Returns and Records § 301.6103(n)-2T Disclosure of return information in connection with written...) General rule. (1) Pursuant to the provisions of sections 6103(n) and 7623 of the Internal Revenue Code and...

  12. Miopatia por deficiência de carnitina-palmitil-transferase: relato de 2 casos com dosagens enzimáticas no tecido muscular

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lineu Cesar Werneck

    1983-12-01

    Full Text Available Relato dos casos de dois irmãos, que desde a infância apresentavam dores musculares após exercício prolongado ou exposição ao frio, com diminuição da força, à medida que o exercício continuava. Um deles desenvolveu mioglobinúria recorrente e, em um episódio apresentou insuficiência renal aguda, necessitando de diálise peritonial. A investigação laboratorial intercrise foi normal, mas durante o episódio de mioglobinúria, apresentou grande aumento da creatinafosfoquinase. A eletromiografia foi sugestiva de processo de denervação. Teste de produção de lactato durante isquemia foi normal. Biópsias musculares mostraram discreto aumento dos lipídios nas fibras musculares e maior atividade da desidrogenase succínica na histoquímica. O estudo bioquímico do tecido muscular dos dois pacientes, revelou importante redução da atividade da carnitina-palmitil-transferase, com atividade normal da carnitina-octanoil-transferase e carnitina-acetil-transferase. São discutidas as vias metabólicas, sua importância na manutenção da energia muscular durante o exercício prolongado e o papel dos ácidos graxos como fonte energética muscular durante condições normais e patológicas.

  13. Systematics of (n,t) reactions in medium and heavy mass nuclei at 14.6 MeV

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Woo, T.T.

    1979-01-01

    The production cross sections for (n,t) reactions of 14.6-MeV neutrons with isotopes of the natural elements Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Y, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sn, Pb, La, and with the enriched isotopes 86 Sr, 114 Cd, 130 Te, 205 Tl were measured by the activation technique using high-energy resolution gamma-ray spectrometry. The systematics for the (n,t) reactions were investigated as a function of the relative neutron excess. The experimentally determined values of the cross sections are in good agreement with values calculated by an empirical equation. The cross section ratios (n,t) and (n,p) reactions were calculated on the basis of the statistical model

  14. Protección contra la corrosión de electrorrecubrimientos níquel/cobre utilizando la técnica PRC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    William Aperador, Dionisio Laverde, Enrique Vera y Javier Guerrero

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta la implementación de la técnica de corriente pulsante inversa para electrodepositar películas delgadas de Cu-Ni en forma de bicapa sobre sustratos de zamac, controlando  los  voltajes  y  tiempos  de  electrodepósitos anódicos (Vlow, TLow y catódicos (VHight, THight y obteniendo como respuesta el monitoreo de la corriente anódica (ILow y catódica (IHight en función del tiempo anódico (TLow y catódico (THight respectivamente. Se obtuvieron películas de Cu (electrolitos cianurados y Ni (electroli tos  ácidos  con  espesores  entre  18  y  62 micrómetros. Se observó, mediante microscopía de fuerza atómica (AFM, que el control pulsante del voltaje durante el depósito permite obtener películas de Cu/Ni más densas y de mejor granulometría que las películas convencionales depositadas  por  la  técnica  de  corriente  directa.  Se determinó la composición química de las capas usando la sonda  de  difracción  de  rayos X  (EDX;  además,  se realizaron medidas de brillo y microdureza vickers de laúltima capa, correspondiente al níquel.

  15. Clonación artificial de controladores basados en técnicas de inteligencia artificial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Antonio Ballesteros

    2004-11-01

    Full Text Available En el presente articulo se expone un avance de anteproyecto, sobre técnicas de inteligencia Artificial, su aplicación a procesos industriales y herramientas para realizar simulación. Se citan algunos trabajos en los cuales hay resultados, y que prestan un soporte lógico para continuar con el desarrollo del proyecto. Ademas, se analiza, la función que cumple el controlador el cual debe ser preciso, confiable y que a su vez reduzca costos. Por estas razones se tomó como base del proyecto un controlador que posea estas características para que se puedan aplicar técnicas de lnteligencia Artificial y poder realizar Ia colación artificial.

  16. Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of seaweed ( Sargassum sp.) extract: A study on inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase Activity

    Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

    Patra, J.K.; Rath, S.K.; Jena, K.B.; Rathod, V.K.; Thatoi, H.

    In the present study, the free radical scavenging potentials (DPPH radical and hydroxyl radical), inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and glutathione-S-transferase and antimicrobial properties of Sargassum sp. extract were investigated. The tested...

  17. Demandas fisiológicas de los juegos reducidos en el fútbol en función del número de porterías y/o de la disposición táctica /

    OpenAIRE

    Gallego Rodríguez, David

    2015-01-01

    El trabajo se centra en la investigación de los partidos reducidos como estrategia de entrenamiento en un deporte colectivo como es el fútbol. Se analizan las diferentes respuestas fisiológicas y técnico-tácticas de los jugadores al variar en número y tipo de porterías y al modificar la disposición táctica del equipo

  18. Tratamiento quirúrgico de la rizartrosis: evaluación de resultados de distintas técnicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco-Javier García-Bernal

    Full Text Available Introducción y Objetivo. Larizartrosis o artrosis de la articulación trapeciometacarpiana (TMC es uno de los principales motivos de consulta en una Unidad de Cirugía de Mano. Ante el fracaso del tratamiento conservador, recomendamos el tratamiento quirúrgico. Existen distintas opciones terapéuticas y la elección debe ser individualizada para cada paciente en función de varios factores: edad, grado de artrosis, demanda funcional, etc. En este trabajo analizamos los resultados obtenidos en nuestra práctica con las distintas técnicas. Material y Método. Entre abril de 2011 y febrero de 2015 intervinimos 97 casos de rizartrosis. La edad media de los pacientes fue de 54.01 años, con claro predominio del sexo femenino (85.5%. La técnica más frecuentemente empleada fue la artroplastia con reconstrucción ligamentaria y suspensión según técnica de Weilby, con 79 casos. En 9 casos realizamos una artroplastia artroscópica (ATK; en 4 una artrodesis TMC; y en 5 una ligamentoplastia. Resultados. De los 97 pacientes pudimos controlar postoperatoriamente a 49, con un seguimiento medio de 18,3 meses. Los pacientes experimentaron una mejoría de la fuerza de pinza del 24.28% con la técnica de Weilby; del 18.74% con la ATK; del 45.75% con la artrodesis TMC; y del 31.42% con la ligamentoplastia. Respecto al dolor, valorado según una escala visual analógica (0-10 la mejoría fue de 5.50, 5.1, 6.34 y 6.33 puntos respectivamente, en relación a la situación preoperatoria. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos nos confirman la utilidad de la artroplastia de suspensión-interposición como técnica de elección para el paciente habitual de rizartrosis. En determinados casos, factores como la edad, la demanda funcional o el grado de degeneración articular nos encaminaran a elegir otras técnicas, buscando satisfacer las necesidades de cada paciente en concreto.

  19. Karikaturist Aivar Juhanson näitab KuKu klubis oma töid

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2009-01-01

    Loit Jõekalda kureeritud joonistustriennaali raames eksponeerivad oma töid Ave Avalo, Kärt Hammer, Eero Ijavoinen, Kristjan Kittus, Mari-Liis Laanemaa, Triinu Lille, Valli Lember-Bogatkina jpt. kunstnikud. Ajalehe "Eesti Ekspress" karikaturisti Aivar Juhansoni tööde näitus Tallinnas KuKu klubis

  20. reglamentaria en el patrón técnico de lanzamiento de tiro libre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bel\\u00E9n Garz\\u00F3n Echevarr\\u00ED

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo final de este trabajo es contribuir al proceso de adaptación de este deporte (baloncesto a los niños . A la edad de 12 a 13 , childrenwho han jugado anteriormente con reglas de mini-basket se encuentran de repente arrojados a la categoría juvenil , participando en basketballmatches en toda regla en las mismas condiciones , la misma cancha de tamaño , aro y pelota - como superior español profesional jugadores de la liga ACB . Usando criteriafor técnica tiros libres ( un tiro muy representativa como punto de partida , este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el grado de adecuación de las regulaciones actuales son , en cuanto a cuestiones transitorias adaptationaland , mediante la realización de un análisis inferencial descriptivo y mediante la identificación de patrones temporales . El artículo concluye que los mini- basketballis una forma adecuada y adaptada de baloncesto, mientras que el cambio a la versión juvenil del juego rompe con los patrones técnicos byplayers interiorizadas que todavía son jóvenes, llevándolos a adoptar nuevos métodos, técnicamente incorrectos de ejecución libre tirar tiros.

  1. La retención del conocimiento tácito de los expertos en el sector nuclear: una visión general

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    ÓSCAR RODRÍGUEZ RUIZ

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La industria nuclear ha realizado una significativa labor de investigación analítica en el área de reactores en los últimos cincuenta años. Buena parte del conocimiento obtenido tiene carácter tácito, por lo que existe el riesgo de que se pierda a medida que las organizaciones se reestructuren, las prioridades cambien y los trabajadores más experimentados se retiren. Este artículo pretende ofrecer una visión general de las distintas estrategias de retención del conocimiento experto en el sector de la energía atómica. Con esta finalidad realiza una revisión de diferentes iniciativas de difusión del conocimiento tácito desde una perspectiva socio-cognitiva.

  2. Propuesta para disminuir la temperatura en la cabina del avión T-90 Calima

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Néstor Fabián Cedeño Niño

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available La temperatura es un factor importante en el momento de realizar una labor; sí la sensación térmica no es agradable, un trabajo sencillo puede transformase en un trabajo complicado, donde se puede exponer la integridad de la persona. En las aeronaves de entrenamiento los pilotos no son ajenos a los inconvenientes de la exposición a una temperatura elevada generada por radiación solar, equipos, entre otros. Al incluir un sistema de refrigeración a la cabina de entrenamiento de la aeronave ésta se ve afectada en características como equilibrio, mayor consumo de combustible, disminución de la eficiencia debido al aumento de peso. En este artículo, se proponen tres formas de disminuir la temperatura en la cabina del avión T-90, en las diferentes fases de vuelo, que consisten en implementar tomas y salidas de aire, utilizar una película térmica para la cabina y desarrollar un dispositivo que permita la circulación de aire en la fase previa al despegue.

  3. Esquema de caracterización para la selección de técnicas de pruebas de software

    OpenAIRE

    Vegas Hernandez, Sira

    2002-01-01

    La importancia de una adecuada selección de técnicas de pruebas es comúnmente aceptada por la comunidad de Ingenieros de Software. Sin embargo, hay dos motivos fundamentalmente por los que los desarrolladores de software realizan hoy en día selecciones que no pueden ser calificadas como acertadas: (1) Su conocimiento sobre la cantidad de técnicas disponibles actualmente es limitado, lo que quiere decir que hay una gran cantidad de técnicas que es desconocida para el desarrollador medio; y (2)...

  4. Preparación en glicerina: una técnica para la conservación prolongada de cuerpos en anatomía veterinaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    César Alfonso Muñetón Gómez

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Desde la Antigüedad, la preservación y el mantenimiento de los especímenes anatómicos han llevado a la búsqueda de diferentes técnicas. En la actualidad, continúa la exploración en cuanto al desarrollo de estos procesos y a la utilización de sustancias distintas al formaldehído con el fin de minimizar los riesgos de exposición a vapores químicos y a factores biológicos. Por tanto, disponer de preparados anatómicos con mayor durabilidad, que conserven las características anatómicas y faciliten el aprendizaje y la docencia, así como la investigación en la disciplina, son algunos de los objetivos planteados para el fortalecimiento y el desarrollo de los laboratorios de anatomía. Una de estas técnicas es la preparación en glicerina. Se presentan a continuación los resultados obtenidos con esta aplicación en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de La Salle, donde se han obtenido diferentes piezas anatómicas para su utilización en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la anatomía. En este artículo se presenta una revisión histórica sobre la preparación de piezas anatómicas, seguida del procedimiento realizado y de los hallazgos encontrados durante el desarrollo de la técnica.

  5. Evaluación de la resistencia al choque térmico de recubrimientos de estructura gradual obtenidos mediante proyección plasma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guilemany, J. M.

    2001-12-01

    Full Text Available Power increasing demand in aeronautical engines promoted the development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs obtained by Atmospheric Plasma Spray (APS. The spectacular growth in their applications leads to the demand of a very specific TBC. One of the specific roles that must achieve some TBCs is to withstand severe thermal shocks. Functionally Graded Coatings (FGC can improve their lives due to the lack of interfaces between two layers with very different thermal expansion coefficient (TEC (for example a metallic layer and a ceramic layer. Differences in TEC increase the internal stresses during the cooling of the parts. In this work thermal spray conditions have been improved in order to obtain Functionally Graded Coatings. Thermal Shock Resistance of these coatings has been compared with conventional' s one. Thermal Spray conditions have been used in order to spray two different powders with very different melting point. In that way it is possible to build up Functionally Graded Coatings with a unique spray gun. Thermal Shock Resistance of Coatings is improved due to the lack of interfaces between layers with different Thermal Expansion Coefficients unlike the conventional coatings where two layers of different materials are put together.

    La creciente demanda de mayores temperaturas de trabajo y potencia en el sector de la aviación promovió el desarrollo de las barreras térmicas (TBCs obtenidas por la técnica de proyección térmica plasma (APS. Éstas se componen de una capa de anclaje y una capa cerámica aislante. El espectacular aumento en el uso de las TBCs hace que se requieran recubrimientos cada vez más específicos en función de cada aplicación. Para mejorar la vida de los recubrimientos frente a los choques térmicos se han desarrollado los recubrimientos graduales. Éstos constan de una capa con variación gradual de los componentes, eliminando las intercaras entre partes con diferentes coeficientes de expansión t

  6. Loci Affecting Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase in Adults and Adolescents Show Age X SNP interaction and Cardiometabolic Disease Associations

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Middelberg, R.P.S.; Benyamin, B.; de Moor, M.H.M.; Warrington, N.M.; Gordon, S.; Henders, A.K.; Medland, S.E.; Nyholt, DR; de Geus, E.J.C.; Hottenga, J.J.; Willemsen, G.; Beilin, L.J.; Mori, T.A.; Wright, M.J.; Heath, A.C.; Madden, P.A.F.; Boomsma, D.I.; Pennell, C.E.; Montgomery, G.W.; Martin, N.G.; Whitfield, J.B.

    2012-01-01

    Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity is a marker of liver disease which is also prospectively associated with the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancers. We have discovered novel loci affecting GGT in a genome-wide association study (rs1497406 in

  7. Utilización de técnicas acopladas de análisis térmico TG-DSC-QMSFTIR en la caracterización de arcillas y composiciones cerámicas utilizadas en la fabricación de baldosas cerámicas. Cuantificación de compuestos de carbono

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gómez, M. P.

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available In this study, a work methodology has been developed for t evolved gas analysis (EGA in clay raw materials and ceramic compositions used in ceramic tile manufacture using coupled thermal analysis techniques (TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR. The different types of gases (CO2, CO, NOx, F, SOx evolving from these raw materials during a thermal cycle up to a peak temperature of 1200ºC were characterised. The possibility of using this calorimeter for the quantification of the CO2 gases evolving from the organic and inorganic carbon (carbonates present in the studied clay materials was also evaluated. The measurements were validated with different reference materials, and the results were compared with those obtained with other analysis techniques, such as thermogravimetry (TG, calcimetry, and coulometry. The thermal analysis technique (TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR is a suitable technique for analysing evolved gases with low uncertainties for carbon compounds quantification. Furthermore, the methodology allows the mineralogical origin identification of the elements present in the evolved gases.

    En el presente estudio se ha desarrollado una metodología de trabajo para el análisis de emisiones gaseosas (EGA en materias primas arcillosas y composiciones cerámicas utilizadas en la fabricación de baldosas cerámicas mediante técnicas acopladas de análisis térmico (TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR. Se caracterizaron los distintos tipos de emisiones (CO2, CO, NOx, F, SOx que se emiten durante un ciclo térmico hasta una temperatura máxima de 1200ºC. Asimismo, se evaluó la posibilidad de la utilización de la técnica para la cuantificación de dichas emisiones. En concreto se ha realizado la cuantificación de emisiones de CO2 procedentes de la presencia de carbono orgánico e inorgánico en materiales arcillosos. Se han validado las medidas con distintos materiales de referencia y se han comparado los resultados con los obtenidos con otras técnicas de análisis, tales como la

  8. Comparación de las técnicas Kato-Katz, TSET y TSR en el diagnóstico de infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nelson Uribe Delgado

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: La Fasciolosis es una enfermedad causada por el parásito Fasciola hepatica, que afecta primordialmente a bovinos, ovinos, caprinos y en algunas zonas de forma endémica a los humanos. En la investigación clínica y epidemiológica de fasciolosis humana es importante contar con técnicas coprológicas de diagnóstico de alta sensibilidad y especificidad. Objetivo: realizar la comparación de tres técnicas coprológicas para el diagnóstico de infección por Fasciola hepatica en humanos. Metodología: se procesaron 200 gramos de materia fecal de humanos contaminada experimentalmente con huevos de F. hepatica que se obtuvieron de análisis anteriores con muestras de ganado bovino y ovino. La muestra se dividió en 10 partes iguales; a cada una de estas muestras se les realizó la técnicas de Kato-Katz, técnica de sedimentación espontánea en tubo (TSET y técnica de sedimentación rápida (TSR. Finalmente, la lectura de las muestras se basó en el diseño metodológico del doble ciego. Resultados: se encontró que la técnica de sedimentación rápida fue la más sensible de las tres evaluadas, detectándose positividad en 7,5 muestras de 10 analizadas; seguida por la técnica de Kato-Katz con 4,5 muestras y en último lugar la técnica de sedimentación espontánea en Tubo que mostró solo un resultado positivo. Conclusión: en este trabajo se encontró que la técnica de sedimentación rápida constituye la herramienta de elección para el profesional porque es la más sensible de las tres; además de ser sencilla, económica y de fácil aplicación en laboratorios de niveles uno y dos de complejidad para realizar un diagnóstico satisfactorio de fasciolosis humana. Salud UIS 2012; 44 (3: 7-12

  9. Cicatrización: evaluación de dos tratamientos tópicos de uso habitual en la cicatriz postcirugía estética

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Prezzavento

    Full Text Available Resumen Introducción y Objetivo La cicatrización es un proceso complejo que involucra diferentes tipos celulares y fases de inflamación, proliferación, remodelación y reparación. Cada una está caracterizada por eventos bioquímicos específicos y células características, conduciendo a la regeneración del epitelio dañado. El presente estudio compara y evalúa 2 tratamientos de uso tópico en 2 cicatrices de un mismo paciente al que se le practicó cirugía estética con la finalidad de determinar si existen diferencias en cuanto a las características de las mismas. Particularmente, en la Cirugía Estética, se busca que el nuevo tejido producto del proceso cicatricial no se destaque de la piel circundante. Material y Método Uno de los tratamientos utilizados fue la aplicación tópica de crema con sulfadiazina de plata, vitamina A y lidocaína, y el otro de una crema hidratante sin ningún principio activo añadido. Empleamos como indicadores para la evaluación los parámetros de medición de la superficie, calidad de la misma (Escala de Vancouver para cicatrices y percepción del paciente (Escala de Evaluación Objetiva de Paciente y Observador. Resultados Indican que la utilización de un tratamiento tópico con sulfadiazina de plata, vitamina A y lidocaína acelera la reducción del tamaño de la herida, mejora la calidad de la cicatriz y favorece la percepción positiva por parte del paciente en comparación con aquellas cicatrices tratadas tópicamente con una crema hidratante sin principios activos. Conclusiones El uso tópico de crema con sulfadiazina de plata, vitamina A y lidocaína constituye una opción terapéutica que mejora el resultado final tanto estético como funcional de las cicatrices postquirúrgicas en Cirugía Estética.

  10. n-BA/KOH/t-BHP behaviour in the natural rubber latex vulcanization by gamma rays

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Souza, A. de.

    1994-01-01

    Natural rubber latex was vulcanized in the absence and in the presence of sensitizer (S), with gamma ray from 60 Co source, panoramic type, at the dose rate range of 1,20-1,33 kGy/h. The components of used S were n-butyl acrylate (n-BA), the KOH as stabilizer and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) as co-S. The purpose of this work was to study the efficiency and the behaviour of each component of S in the irradiated latex crosslinking by tensile strength (T b ), volume fraction and permanent set. In the absence of S occur straight crosslinking between macromolecular adjacent radicals. IN the presence of S, the n-BA participates in the crosslinking through acrylic bridges between macromolecules. (author)

  11. Necesidad del aislamiento térmico en la edificación actual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alamán, A.

    1972-09-01

    Full Text Available The author attempts to clear up a few ideas on this subject, as not everyone knows enough about its correct use: what is meant by thermal insulation and thermal conductivity, essential requirements with respect to material, lightweight and heavy insulation, justification of insulation for reasons of building evolution, comfort, economy and to avoid condensation, as well as the influence of openings in outside walls.El autor trata de aclarar algunos conceptos sobre esta materia, ya que, en realidad, no todos conocen adecuadamente su correcto empleo: qué se entiende por aislamiento térmico y por conductividad térmica, condiciones que deben exigirse a los materiales, aislamientos ligeros y pesados, justificación del aislamiento por razones de evolución de la construcción, de confort, de economía y para evitar condensaciones, así como la influencia de los huecos en las fachadas.

  12. Tüketicilerin Helal Tüketim Davranışlarının Belirleyicileri: Planlı Davranış Teorisi Çerçevesinde Bir Araştırma

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Abdülkadir ÖZTÜRK

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available Özet Bu çalışmanın amacı, tüketicilerin helal kavramını nasıl algıladıkları ve tüketicilerin helal özellikli ürünleri satın alma davranışlarını incelemektir. Sosyal bilimlerde insan davranışlarını incelemede sıklıkla kullanılan Planlı Davranış Teorisi (PDT çerçevesinde araştırma yürütülmüştür. Tüketicilerin helal ürünlere yönelik tutumları, çevrelerindeki insanların tepkileri ve algılanan davranışsal kontrolün davranışsal niyet ve fiili davranış üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca tüketicilerin helal ürün kavramını nasıl tanımladıkları ve farklı ürün gruplarına göre bu tanımlamaların değişip değişmediği incelenmiştir. Bu amaçlar kapsamında helal tüketim ile ilgili sosyal medya üzerinde oluşturulmuş bir grubun üyelerine yönelik online olarak bir anket hazırlanmış ve gerekli veriler toplanmıştır. 202 tüketiciden elde edilen veriler üzerinde analizler yapılmıştır. PDT esas alınarak geliştirilen araştırma modelinde yer alan değişkenlerin tüketicilerin helal ürün satın almaya yönelik niyetlerini ve davranışlarını açıkladığı tespit edilmiştir. Davranışsal niyet üzerinde tüketicilerin geliştirdikleri tutum, fiili davranış üzerinde ise niyetlerin en belirleyici değişkenler oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Gıda, kozmetik ve temizlik ürün gruplarında katılımcıların en çok gıda ürünlerinin helal özelliği taşıması konusunda hassasiyet taşıdıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Helal ürünlerin, İslam dininin kurallarına uygun olarak üretilmiş olmasının yanında tüketiciler tarafından güvenilir, sağlıklı ve temiz olarak algılandığı tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Helal tüketim, Planlı Davranış Teorisi.

  13. 30 nm T-gate enhancement-mode InAlN/AlN/GaN HEMT on SiC substrates for future high power RF applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Murugapandiyan, P.; Ravimaran, S.; William, J.

    2017-08-01

    The DC and RF performance of 30 nm gate length enhancement mode (E-mode) InAlN/AlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on SiC substrate with heavily doped source and drain region have been investigated using the Synopsys TCAD tool. The proposed device has the features of a recessed T-gate structure, InGaN back barrier and Al2O3 passivated device surface. The proposed HEMT exhibits a maximum drain current density of 2.1 A/mm, transconductance {g}{{m}} of 1050 mS/mm, current gain cut-off frequency {f}{{t}} of 350 GHz and power gain cut-off frequency {f}\\max of 340 GHz. At room temperature the measured carrier mobility (μ), sheet charge carrier density ({n}{{s}}) and breakdown voltage are 1580 cm2/(V \\cdot s), 1.9× {10}13 {{cm}}-2, and 10.7 V respectively. The superlatives of the proposed HEMTs are bewitching competitor or future sub-millimeter wave high power RF VLSI circuit applications.

  14. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    L.C. Carnevali Jr

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available We examined the capacity of high-intensity intermittent training (HI-IT to facilitate the delivery of lipids to enzymes responsible for oxidation, a task performed by the carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT system in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Male adult Wistar rats (160-250 g were randomly distributed into 3 groups: sedentary (Sed, N = 5, HI-IT (N = 10, and moderate-intensity continuous training (MI-CT, N = 10. The trained groups were exercised for 8 weeks with a 10% (HI-IT and a 5% (MI-CT overload. The HI-IT group presented 11.8% decreased weight gain compared to the Sed group. The maximal activities of CPT-I, CPT-II, and citrate synthase were all increased in the HI-IT group compared to the Sed group (P < 0.01, as also was gene expression, measured by RT-PCR, of fatty acid binding protein (FABP; P < 0.01 and lipoprotein lipase (LPL; P < 0.05. Lactate dehydrogenase also presented a higher maximal activity (nmol·min-1·mg protein-1 in HI-IT (around 83%. We suggest that 8 weeks of HI-IT enhance mitochondrial lipid transport capacity thus facilitating the oxidation process in the gastrocnemius muscle. This adaptation may also be associated with the decrease in weight gain observed in the animals and was concomitant to a higher gene expression of both FABP and LPL in HI-IT, suggesting that intermittent exercise is a "time-efficient" strategy inducing metabolic adaptation.

  15. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Carnevali, L.C. Jr. [Grupo de Biologia Molecular da Célula, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Centro Universitário Ítalo-Brasileiro (Unítalo), São Paulo SP (Brazil); Eder, R.; Lira, F.S. [Grupo de Biologia Molecular da Célula, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Lima, W.P. [Grupo de Biologia Molecular da Célula, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Instituto Federal de Educação,Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Gonçalves, D.C. [Grupo de Biologia Molecular da Célula, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Zanchi, N.E. [Laboratorio de Nutrição e Metabolismo Aplicado à Atividade Motora, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Centro de Pesquisa do Genoma Humano, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Nicastro, H. [Laboratorio de Nutrição e Metabolismo Aplicado à Atividade Motora, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil); Lavoie, J.M. [Department of Kinesiology, University of Montreal, Montreal (Canada); Seelaender, M.C.L. [Grupo de Biologia Molecular da Célula, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo SP (Brazil)

    2012-06-29

    We examined the capacity of high-intensity intermittent training (HI-IT) to facilitate the delivery of lipids to enzymes responsible for oxidation, a task performed by the carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) system in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Male adult Wistar rats (160-250 g) were randomly distributed into 3 groups: sedentary (Sed, N = 5), HI-IT (N = 10), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MI-CT, N = 10). The trained groups were exercised for 8 weeks with a 10% (HI-IT) and a 5% (MI-CT) overload. The HI-IT group presented 11.8% decreased weight gain compared to the Sed group. The maximal activities of CPT-I, CPT-II, and citrate synthase were all increased in the HI-IT group compared to the Sed group (P < 0.01), as also was gene expression, measured by RT-PCR, of fatty acid binding protein (FABP; P < 0.01) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL; P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase also presented a higher maximal activity (nmol·min{sup −1}·mg protein{sup −1}) in HI-IT (around 83%). We suggest that 8 weeks of HI-IT enhance mitochondrial lipid transport capacity thus facilitating the oxidation process in the gastrocnemius muscle. This adaptation may also be associated with the decrease in weight gain observed in the animals and was concomitant to a higher gene expression of both FABP and LPL in HI-IT, suggesting that intermittent exercise is a “time-efficient” strategy inducing metabolic adaptation.

  16. Effects of high-intensity intermittent training on carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Carnevali, L.C. Jr.; Eder, R.; Lira, F.S.; Lima, W.P.; Gonçalves, D.C.; Zanchi, N.E.; Nicastro, H.; Lavoie, J.M.; Seelaender, M.C.L.

    2012-01-01

    We examined the capacity of high-intensity intermittent training (HI-IT) to facilitate the delivery of lipids to enzymes responsible for oxidation, a task performed by the carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT) system in the rat gastrocnemius muscle. Male adult Wistar rats (160-250 g) were randomly distributed into 3 groups: sedentary (Sed, N = 5), HI-IT (N = 10), and moderate-intensity continuous training (MI-CT, N = 10). The trained groups were exercised for 8 weeks with a 10% (HI-IT) and a 5% (MI-CT) overload. The HI-IT group presented 11.8% decreased weight gain compared to the Sed group. The maximal activities of CPT-I, CPT-II, and citrate synthase were all increased in the HI-IT group compared to the Sed group (P < 0.01), as also was gene expression, measured by RT-PCR, of fatty acid binding protein (FABP; P < 0.01) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL; P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase also presented a higher maximal activity (nmol·min −1 ·mg protein −1 ) in HI-IT (around 83%). We suggest that 8 weeks of HI-IT enhance mitochondrial lipid transport capacity thus facilitating the oxidation process in the gastrocnemius muscle. This adaptation may also be associated with the decrease in weight gain observed in the animals and was concomitant to a higher gene expression of both FABP and LPL in HI-IT, suggesting that intermittent exercise is a “time-efficient” strategy inducing metabolic adaptation

  17. Elevated Temperature Corrosion Studies of AlCrN and TiAlN Coatings by PAPVD on T91 Boiler Steel

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goyal, Lucky; Chawla, Vikas; Hundal, Jasbir Singh

    2017-11-01

    The present investigation discusses the hot corrosion behavior of AlCrN and TiAlN nano-coatings on T91 boiler steel by PAPVD process subjected to molten salt of Na2SO4-60%V2O5 at 900 °C for 50 cycles. Surface and cross-sectional studies were performed by AFM, SEM/EDS and XRD techniques to understand the corrosion kinetics and mechanism. T91 bare boiler steel as well as TiAlN-coated specimen has shown higher internal oxidation as well as weight gain. The better corrosion resistance of AlCrN-coated specimen has been observed by virtue of higher availability of Cr and Al in the oxide scale as well as adherent and dense coating. The betterment of AlCrN coating can be attributed to low internal oxidation as well as movement of Cr and Al toward oxide scale to form protective corrosion barriers.

  18. Hayıt (Vitex agnus-castus), Çam ve Karışım Çiçek Balının Bazı Kalite Kriterleri Açısından Karşılaştırılması

    OpenAIRE

    UÇAK KOÇ, Aytül; KARACAOĞLU, Mete; DOĞAN, Mustafa

    2017-01-01

    Bu araştırma, Aydın yöresinde üretilen hayıt balının bazı kalite parametrelerinin belirlenerek, çam ve karışım çiçek balları ile karşılaştırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, Aydın ili sınırları içinde üretilmiş ve yeni hasat edilmiş hayıt balı, çam balı ve yöre arıcılarının Orta Anadolu’da ürettiği karışım çiçek ballarının bazı kimyasal parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Üç bal grubunda her bir özelliğe ait veriler basit varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm özellikle...

  19. Integración y medio ambiente: la cuestión de los desechos tóxicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inés Rodríguez

    2015-10-01

    Full Text Available Contenido: Introducción. Desechos tóxicos. Antecedentes. ¿Cómo suprimir entonces los riesgos que implican las sustancias de desecho?. El reciclaje y la tecnología "limpia". Posibilidad de control. Impacto sobre el ser humano y el medio ambiente. Los desechos peligrosos y sus fuentes. Desechos químicos y afines. Desechosradioactivos. Cantidades de desechos peligrosos. Efectos en la salud. Movimiento transfronterizo de desechos peligrosos. Antecedentes. Convención de Basilea sobre el control de los movimientos transfronterizos de desechos peligrosos y su eliminación. Introducción. Proceso de negociación. El Programa de Montevideo. Las directrices de El Cairo. La elaboración del Convenio. Principios y obligaciones generales. Otras resoluciones. Posiciones críticas al Convenio.  Perspectivas y conclusiones

  20. ARVOT HYVÄT, TOIMINTA PUUTTEELLINEN : Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulun ja Diakonhjemmet Høgskolen terveysalanopiskelijoiden henkilökohtaiset arvot ja heidän näkemyksensä koulujen arvoista

    OpenAIRE

    Krasnova, Anna; Ormiskangas, Marjo

    2014-01-01

    TIIVISTELMÄ Krasnova, Anna & Ormiskangas, Marjo. Arvot hyvät, toiminta puutteellinen. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulun ja Diakonhjemmet Høgskolen terveysalanopiskelijoiden henkilökohtaiset arvot ja heidän näkemyksensä koulujen arvoista. Diak Helsinki, kevät 2014, 108s., 6 liitettä. Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu. Sosiaali- ja terveysala, hoitotyön koulutusohjelma, diakonisen hoitotyön suuntautumisvaihtoehto, sairaanhoitaja (AMK) - diakonissa. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli tutkia Diakonia...

  1. Recognition and Detoxification of the Insecticide DDT by Drosophila melanogaster Glutathione S-Transferase D1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Low, Wai Yee; Feil, Susanne C.; Ng, Hooi Ling; Gorman, Michael A.; Morton, Craig J.; Pyke, James; McConville, Malcolm J.; Bieri, Michael; Mok, Yee-Foong; Robin, Charles; Gooley, Paul R.; Parker, Michael W.; Batterham, Philip (SVIMR-A); (Melbourne)

    2010-06-14

    GSTD1 is one of several insect glutathione S-transferases capable of metabolizing the insecticide DDT. Here we use crystallography and NMR to elucidate the binding of DDT and glutathione to GSTD1. The crystal structure of Drosophila melanogaster GSTD1 has been determined to 1.1 {angstrom} resolution, which reveals that the enzyme adopts the canonical GST fold but with a partially occluded active site caused by the packing of a C-terminal helix against one wall of the binding site for substrates. This helix would need to unwind or be displaced to enable catalysis. When the C-terminal helix is removed from the model of the crystal structure, DDT can be computationally docked into the active site in an orientation favoring catalysis. Two-dimensional {sup 1}H,{sup 15}N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR experiments of GSTD1 indicate that conformational changes occur upon glutathione and DDT binding and the residues that broaden upon DDT binding support the predicted binding site. We also show that the ancestral GSTD1 is likely to have possessed DDT dehydrochlorinase activity because both GSTD1 from D. melanogaster and its sibling species, Drosophila simulans, have this activity.

  2. [Evaluation of central lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma in cN0 T1/T2].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, S Y; Ma, Y H; Yin, Z; Zhan, X X; Cheng, R C; Qian, J

    2018-02-07

    Objective: To evaluate the application of the central lymph node dissection (CLND) for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in cN0 T1/T2. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 532 cases with PTC in cN0 T1/T2 who underwent CLND between October 2014 and September 2016 in the Department of Thyroid Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of the Kunming Medical University. The incidence of central lymph node (CLN) metastasis and risk factors were analyzed. Results: CLN metastasis rates: 41.2% (42/102) in males vs 34.9% (150/430) in females, P =0.252; 33.9% (116/342) in single focal carcinoma vs 40.4% (74/183) in multifocal carcinoma, P =0.157; 44.0% (125/284) in patients with 45 years old or less vs 27.0% (67/248) in patients more than 45 years old, P =0.000; 30.3% (113/373) in microcarcinoma vs 50.9% (81/159) in non-microcarcinoma, P =0.000.In unilateral lesions, ipsilateral CLN metastasis was correlated with the tumor diameter ( P =0.012), but not with the number of lesions ( P =0.653). also contralateral CLN metastasis was correlated with the tumor diameter ( P =0.000), but not with the number of lesions ( P =0.815). For the left or right unilateral single focal lesion, the tumor diameter was not correlated with the metastasis of the posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve central lymph nodes (LN-prRLN-CLN) ( P =0.652, P =0.088). But in bilateral multifocal carcinoma the tumor diameter was correlated with metastasis of LN-prRLN-CLN ( P =0.039). Conclusions: Prophylactic CLND is reasonable for PTC in cN0 T1/T2. A bilateral CLND should be conducted for patients with bilateral multi-focus cancer and unilateral or bilateral non-microcarcinoma, especially in patients more than 45 years old. For unilateral single focal microcarcinoma on the right, the content of CLND should be from laryngeal nerve on right center to posterior branche; for unilateral single focal microcarcinoma on the left side, the left CLND should be conducted. An ipsilateral CLND can be considered in

  3. Optimización multiobjetivo del proceso de soldeo GMAW de la aleación AA 6063-T5 basado en la penetración y en la zona afectada térmicamente

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel, Valentín

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available The selection of technological parameters in a welding process must be led to the optimized results of the operation. Penetration is one of the most decisive factors for the success of the joint. Another important factor is the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ, when the mechanical properties of this one are modified respecting to the base material. The way in which the technological variables of the process affects to both them, penetration and HAZ, are inverse in each case. This work presents an optimization methodology based on the Design of Experiments (DOE and the Response Surface Method (RSM of the GMAW process applied to the aluminum alloy AA 6063-T5. This research is focused to obtain penetration rates that make HAZ values to be suitable in current applications. Welding rate has been found to be the most significant technological parameter for controlling the process.La selección de los parámetros tecnológicos que regulan los procesos de soldadura por arco debe efectuarse de forma que se optimice el resultado de la operación. La penetración es uno de los factores decisivos, ya que es determinante en el modo de ejecutar el proceso así como en el comportamiento de la unión. Otro factor importante es la Zona Afectada Térmicamente (ZAT, cuando ésta presenta propiedades diferentes a las del material base. El modo en que afectan los parámetros tecnológicos en ambos, penetración y ZAT, es inverso a los objetivos que suelen plantearse. En este trabajo se presenta una metodología de optimización del proceso GMAW de la aleación AA 6063-T5 basado en el diseño de experimentos y la superficie de respuesta. Los resultados obtenidos permiten evaluar la conveniencia de fijar como objetivo valores de penetración tendentes a mantener ZAT en ratios asumibles. Se obtiene que la variable que más afecta a la optimización es la velocidad de soldadura.

  4. Calculations of Excitation Functions of Some Structural Fusion Materials for ( n, t) Reactions up to 50 MeV Energy

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tel, E.; Durgu, C.; Aktı, N. N.; Okuducu, Ş.

    2010-06-01

    Fusion serves an inexhaustible energy for humankind. Although there have been significant research and development studies on the inertial and magnetic fusion reactor technology, there is still a long way to go to penetrate commercial fusion reactors to the energy market. Tritium self-sufficiency must be maintained for a commercial power plant. For self-sustaining (D-T) fusion driver tritium breeding ratio should be greater than 1.05. So, the working out the systematics of ( n, t) reaction cross sections is of great importance for the definition of the excitation function character for the given reaction taking place on various nuclei at different energies. In this study, ( n, t) reactions for some structural fusion materials such as 27Al, 51V, 52Cr, 55Mn, and 56Fe have been investigated. The new calculations on the excitation functions of 27Al( n, t)25Mg, 51V( n, t)49Ti, 52Cr( n, t)50V, 55Mn( n, t)53Cr and 56Fe( n, t)54Mn reactions have been carried out up to 50 MeV incident neutron energy. In these calculations, the pre-equilibrium and equilibrium effects have been investigated. The pre-equilibrium calculations involve the new evaluated the geometry dependent hybrid model, hybrid model and the cascade exciton model. Equilibrium effects are calculated according to the Weisskopf-Ewing model. Also in the present work, we have calculated ( n, t) reaction cross-sections by using new evaluated semi-empirical formulas developed by Tel et al. at 14-15 MeV energy. The calculated results are discussed and compared with the experimental data taken from the literature.

  5. A SAM-dependent methyltransferase cotranscribed with arsenate reductase alters resistance to peptidyl transferase center-binding antibiotics in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Singh, Sudhir; Singh, Chhaya; Tripathi, Anil Kumar

    2014-05-01

    The genome of Azospirillum brasilense harbors a gene encoding S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, which is located downstream of an arsenate reductase gene. Both genes are cotranscribed and translationally coupled. When they were cloned and expressed individually in an arsenate-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli, arsenate reductase conferred tolerance to arsenate; however, methyltransferase failed to do so. Sequence analysis revealed that methyltransferase was more closely related to a PrmB-type N5-glutamine methyltransferase than to the arsenate detoxifying methyltransferase ArsM. Insertional inactivation of prmB gene in A. brasilense resulted in an increased sensitivity to chloramphenicol and resistance to tiamulin and clindamycin, which are known to bind at the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) in the ribosome. These observations suggested that the inability of prmB:km mutant to methylate L3 protein might alter hydrophobicity in the antibiotic-binding pocket of the PTC, which might affect the binding of chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and tiamulin differentially. This is the first report showing the role of PrmB-type N5-glutamine methyltransferases in conferring resistance to tiamulin and clindamycin in any bacterium.

  6. Ionic molar volumes in methanol mixtures with acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide and propylene carbonate at T = 298.15 K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pietrzak, A.; Piekarski, H.

    2014-01-01

    Highlights: • Densities of electrolyte solutions in methanol mixtures were measured at T = 298.15 K. • Apparent molar volumes of sodium cation and iodide anion were determined. • TPTB as a calculation method was used. • Preferential solvation of ions by organic solvents was examined. - Abstract: The densities of dilute solutions of three electrolytes (NaI, NaBPh 4 and Ph 4 PI) in methanol mixtures with propylene carbonate (PC), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetonitrile (AN) have been measured by Anton Paar 5000 densimeter at T = 298.15 K. Apparent molar volumes, V Φ have been determined at an electrolyte concentration of 0.06 mol · kg −1 over the entire mixed solvent composition range. Single ionic apparent molar volumes of transfer, Δ t V Φ (ion) were calculated using the tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (TPTB) assumption. The results are discussed in terms of ionic preferential solvation

  7. Role Of Shark Cartilage In Reducing Changes In Gene Expression Of Some Enzymes Induced By N-Nitroso-N-Methyl Urea In Prostate Of Irradiated Rats

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    ELMAGHRABY, T.; YACOUB, S.; IBRAHIM, N.K.

    2009-01-01

    There is overwhelming evidence to indicate that free radicals cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and nucleic acids and are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Therefore, antioxidants, which can neutralize free radicals, may be of central importance in the prevention of these diseases. Recent studies demonstrated the role of shark cartilage in protecting cells against reactive oxygen species induced DNA damage and mutagenesis. Reactive oxygen species and other free radicals are known to be the mediators of phenotypic and genotypic changes that lead from mutation to neoplasia. There are some primary antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST-π) and super oxide dismutase (SOD), which protects against cellular and molecular damage caused by the reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs).In this study, the effect of shark cartilage against the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone and/or gamma radiation-induced mutagens and carcinogens in rat prostate were investigated.The data showed significant decrease in gene expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSHPx1) , enzyme activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and non-significant increase in glutathione-S-transferase (GST-π) in N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone, N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone + gamma radiation groups as compared to control group.The results revealed that shark cartilage administration afford a significant protective effect against N-nitroso-N-methyl urea + testosterone and/or gamma radiation- induced oxidative injury.

  8. Evaluación tomográfica y radiográfica de la obturación radicular tridimensional de conductos radiculares únicos tratados con tres técnicas de obturación radicular: Estudio in Vitro

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mónica Alexandra Pavón Granja

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available El principal reto durante la terapia endodóntica es la obturación radicular, considerada como fase crítica ya que de esta va a depender el éxito o el fracaso. Por varios años se ha investigado tanto materiales como técnicas que permitan el sellado hermético tridimensional del sistema de conductos radiculares, biocompatibilidad que permita la adecuada reparación de los tejidos periapicales y que la obturación se mantenga con el tiempo proporcionando salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la adaptación tridimensional de tres técnicas de obturación radicular definitiva a nivel del tercio apical de conductos radiculares únicos. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo experimental y aleatorizado, la muestra fue de 42 raíces de dientes uniradiculares divididos en 3 grupos de estudio (n=14, previamente se realizó un registro radiográfico periapical digital de toda la muestra posteriormente fueron instrumentados con técnica hibrida, desinfectados con NaOCl al 5,25% + activación ultrasónica y EDTA al 17%, GA fue sometido a técnica de obturación lateral en frío, GB aplicado técnica de obturación termomecánica McSpadden y GC se obturó con técnica termoplastificada (BeFill-VDW. Resultados: Los grupos C y B observados a través de tomografía computarizada presentaron mejores resultados de obturación radicular que el grupo A que no presentó un buen sellado apical, sin embargo, en el grupo C se observó mejores resultados que en A y B Conclusiones: Las técnicas de obturación radicular definitivas con la técnica termoplastificada mostraron ser ideales para proporcionar un sellado apical hermético durante el tratamiento endodóntico en la fase de obturación

  9. Relación entre presión y volumen para la implementación de la técnica in vitro de producción de gases en Medellín, Colombia

    OpenAIRE

    Posada, Sandra L; Noguera, Ricardo; Bolívar, Diana

    2006-01-01

    La técnica de producción de gases es un método in vitro que permite determinar la extensión y la cinética de degradación del alimento mediante el volumen de gas producido durante el proceso fermentativo. La cuantificación de los gases puede realizarse mediante el empleo de transductores que miden la presión originada por los gases acumulados en la parte superior de los frascos de fermentación. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer una ecuación de regresión que relacione presión (P) y vol...

  10. El rol del desempeño típico y máximo en selección de personal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    UTE CHRISTINE KLEHE

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo presenta una revisión de la investigación sobre la distinción entre desempeño típico y máximo. Comenzando con una distinción entre lo que los solicitantes pueden hacer (desempeño máximo y lo que ellos harán (desempeño típico, en términos de su desempeño probable en el puesto, demostraremos cómo tal distinción puede añadir información valiosa tanto para profesionales como para investigadores en selección de personal. Mientras que la distinción entre desempeño típico y máximo se ajusta bien a los actuales modelos de desempeño laboral y ha recibido considerable atención en contextos teóricos, suele ser pasada por alto tanto por investigadores como por profesionales en selección de personal. Los investigadores realizan extensos estudios de validación y las organizaciones hacen grandes inversiones financieras en la selección de nuevos empleados sin saber cuál de estos dos aspectos del rendimiento están prediciendo o están intentando predecir. Finalmente, propondremos algunas áreas para futura investigación en el estudio del desempeño típico y máximo.

  11. Mapping important nucleotides in the peptidyl transferase centre of 23 S rRNA using a random mutagenesis approach

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Porse, B T; Garrett, R A

    1995-01-01

    Random mutations were generated in the lower half of the peptidyl transferase loop in domain V of 23 S rRNA from Escherichia coli using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, a rapid procedure for identifying mutants and a plasmid-based expression system. The effects of 21 single-site mutati...

  12. GoT: Tårerne triller og nørderne sejrer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Konzack, Lars

    2013-01-01

    Game of Thrones har vanvittig stor succes, og det skyldes ikke mindst, at serien tør slå sine hovedpersoner ihjel. Det er lykkedes George R. R. Martin at kombinere Tolkiens episke tilgang med sword and sorcery-traditionens fokus på manddom og trolddom, vold og seksualitet. Det er nørdernes endeli...

  13. Formación profesional y continua de los técnicos de nivel medio. Experiencia cubana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Téllez Lazo

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available El resultado que se presenta tuvo como finalidad perfeccionar el proceso de formación profesional y continua de los técnicos medios, enmarcado en los estudios de profundización del proyecto de investigación: la formación técnico-profesional en las empresas de la provincia Las Tunas. Se partió de un diagnóstico del contexto donde se forman los estudiantes y graduados de nivel medio en varias especialidades técnicas, el cual incluyó, profesores, tutores, trabajadores y adiestrados. El objetivo de este estudio fue ofrecer una concepción pedagógica para el perfeccionamiento de la Educación Técnica y Profesional, en las condiciones de integración escuela-empresa, sobre la base de criterios científicos, que le permitan a las autoridades locales y directivos de los Institutos Politécnicos de la provincia, tomar decisiones en beneficio de la calidad de la formación en este tipo de instituciones educativas. La investigación se sustentó en la teoría de la educación avanzada (Añorga, 1999 y la teoría de la Pedagogía Profesional (Abreu, 2004 y enriquecidas por sus seguidores hasta la actualidad. Se utilizó la metodología de la investigación acción participativa, mediante el desarrollo del método talleres de opinión crítica y construcción colectiva, así como se determinaron los indicadores, instrumentos y técnicas que permitieron indagar en los cambios cualitativos que experimentaron los sujetos y procesos objeto de estudio. Los resultados impactan en directivos, estudiantes, profesores y tutores, con la novedad del acompañamiento pedagógico como forma de superación del tutor y la concepción de dirección de las prácticas preprofesionales.

  14. On Quantum Mechanics with a Magnetic Field on ℝ n and on a Torus mathbb{T}n, and Their Relation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fiore, Gaetano

    2013-03-01

    We show in elementary terms the equivalence in a general gauge of a U(1)-gauge theory of a scalar charged particle on a torus mathbb{T}n=mathbb{R}n/\\varLambda to the analogous theory on ℝ n constrained by quasiperiodicity under translations in the lattice Λ. The latter theory provides a global description of the former: the quasiperiodic wavefunctions ψ defined on ℝ n play the role of sections of the associated hermitean line bundle E on mathbb{T}n, since also E admits a global description as a quotient. The components of the covariant derivatives corresponding to a constant (necessarily integral) magnetic field B= dA generate a Lie algebra g Q and together with the periodic functions the algebra of observables mathcal {O}Q. The non-abelian part of g Q is a Heisenberg Lie algebra with the electric charge operator Q as the central generator; the corresponding Lie group G Q acts on the Hilbert space as the translation group up to phase factors. Also the space of sections of E is mapped into itself by g∈ G Q . We identify the socalled magnetic translation group as a subgroup of the observables' group Y Q . We determine the unitary irreducible representations of mathcal{O}Q,YQ corresponding to integer charges and for each of them an associated orthonormal basis explicitly in configuration space. We also clarify how in the n=2 m case a holomorphic structure and Theta functions arise on the associated complex torus. These results apply equally well to the physics of charged scalar particles on ℝ n and on mathbb{T}n in the presence of periodic magnetic field B and scalar potential. They are also necessary preliminary steps for the application to these theories of the deformation procedure induced by Drinfel'd twists.

  15. Radiotherapy or surgery for T2N0M0 glottic carcinoma?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stalpers, L.J.A.; Daal, W.A.J. van; Verbeek, A.L.M.

    1989-01-01

    Decision analysis was used to evaluate the results of treatment of T 2 N 0 M 0 glottic carcinoma as presented in the literature. Based on mean values for recurrence, salvage eligibility after recurrence and salvage success, the 5-year survival after radiotherapy and surgery proved to be almost identical, 85 and 86%. If the recurrence rates and the salvage rates were varied, a marginal advantage for surgery in small tumours and a major advantage in more extended tumours was seen if only survival is considered. To take the quality of speech into account, a utility analysis was performed. A utility scale was defined ranging from 0.0 as the value for death, to 1.0 for a successfully irradiated patient with preservation of normal speech. A utility of 0.99 or less for the laryngectomized patient would favour radiotherapy over surgery for all T 2 tumours. In patients with T 2b tumours and in extreme circumstances, e.g. if failure rates of radiotherapy are extremely low, an exact assessment of patient utilities may be pivotal. Under normal circumstances radiotherapy is preferred for T 2 N 0 M 0 glottic carcinoma if both survival and the quality of speech are taken into account. (author). 39 refs.; 5 figs.; 1 tab

  16. Direct evidence that ganglioside is an integral component of the thyrotropin receptor

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kielczynski, W.; Harrison, L.C.; Leedman, P.J.

    1991-01-01

    Gangliosides were extracted from purified human and porcine thyrotropin (TSH) receptors (TSH-R) and were detected by probing with an 125 I-labeled sialic acid-specific lectin, Limax flavus agglutinin. Gangliosides copurified with human and porcine TSH-R migrated between monosialoganglioside GM1 and disialoganglioside GD1a. Ceramide glycanase digestion of the purified human TSH-R-associated glycolipid confirmed its ganglioside nature. It was resistant to Vibrio cholerae sialidase, which digest all gangliosides except GM1, but was sensitive to Arthrobacter ureafaciens sialidase, which digests all gangliosides including GM1. These findings indicate that the human TSH-R contains ganglioside that belongs to the galactosyl(β1→ 3)-N-acetylgalactosaminyl(β1→ 4)-[N-acetylneuraminyl(α2→ 3)]galactosyl(β1 → 4)glucosyl(β1 → 1)ceramide (GM1) family. Its intimate association with receptor protein implies a key role for ganglioside in the structure and function of the TSH-R

  17. 1 r urT log ),( r t lim ),( ) ( , urT urrT r r

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Preferred Customer

    dθ where u+(z) = max(u(z), 0). The lower order λ of u is given by λ = lim r. urT log. ),(. A sequence {rn} of positive numbers is said to be a sequence of Pólya peaks for T(r, u) of order λ > 0 if there is a sequence {∈n}, ∈n > 0 such that ∈n → 0.

  18. 26 CFR 1.103(n)-7T - Election to allocate State ceiling to certain facilities for local furnishing of electricity...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... facilities for local furnishing of electricity (temporary). 1.103(n)-7T Section 1.103(n)-7T Internal Revenue... (CONTINUED) Items Specifically Excluded from Gross Income § 1.103(n)-7T Election to allocate State ceiling to... amount that would have been New York's State ceiling (as defined in section 103(n)(4) and A-1 of § 1.103...

  19. Glutathione S-transferase T1, O1 and O2 polymorphisms are associated with survival in muscle invasive bladder cancer patients.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tatjana I Djukic

    Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of six glutathione transferase (GST gene polymorphisms (GSTT1, GSTP1/rs1695, GSTO1/rs4925, GSTO2/rs156697, GSTM1, GSTA1/rs3957357 with the survival of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer and the genotype modifying effect on chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 105 patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer were included in the study. The follow-up lasted 5 years. The effect of GSTs polymorphisms on predicting mortality was analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard models, while Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess differences in survival. RESULTS: GSTT1 active, GSTO1 Asp140Asp or GSTO2 Asp142Asp genotypes were independent predictors of a higher risk of death among bladder cancer patients (HR = 2.5, P = 0.028; HR = 2.9, P = 0.022; HR = 3.9, P = 0.001; respectively and significantly influenced the overall survival. There was no association between GSTP1, GSTM1 and GSTA1 gene variants with overall mortality. Only GSTO2 polymorphism showed a significant effect on the survival in the subgroup of patients who received chemotherapy (P = 0.006. CONCLUSION: GSTT1 active genotype and GSTO1 Asp140Asp and GSTO2 Asp142Asp genotypes may have a prognostic/pharmacogenomic role in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

  20. Variación del peso durante el primer mes de vida en recién nacidos de término sanos con lactancia materna exclusiva

    OpenAIRE

    COVAS, MARÍA; ALDA, ERNESTO; VENTURA, SILVIA; BRAUNSTEIN, SILVIA; SERRALUNGA, GABRIELA; YÁÑEZ, LORETO

    2008-01-01

    La variación del peso en recién nacidos sanos resulta de interés clínico, principalmente en aquellos niños con lactancia materna exclusiva. Objetivos. Determinar el cambio relativo del peso al nacer durante el primer mes, en recién nacidos de término sanos, alimentados exclusivamente con pecho. Diseño. Observacional; tipo cohorte. Prospectivo. Población, material y métodos. Recién nacidos asistidos entre septiembre de 2000 y noviembre de 2001. Criterios de elegibilidad: recién nacidos de térm...

  1. Doping test results dependent on genotype of uridine diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase 2B17, the major enzyme for testosterone glucuronidation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Schulze, Jenny Jakobsson; Lundmark, Jonas; Garle, Mats; Skilving, Ilona; Ekström, Lena; Rane, Anders

    2008-07-01

    Testosterone abuse is conventionally assessed by the urinary testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio, levels above 4.0 being considered suspicious. The large variation in testosterone glucuronide (TG) excretion and its strong association with a deletion polymorphism in the uridine diphospho-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 2B17 gene challenge the accuracy of the T/E ratio test. Our objective was to investigate whether genotype-based cutoff values will improve the sensitivity and specificity of the test. This was an open three-armed comparative study. A total of 55 healthy male volunteers with either two, one, or no allele [insertion/insertion, insertion/deletion, or deletion/deletion (del/del)] of the UGT2B17 gene was included in the study. A single im dose of 500 mg testosterone enanthate was administered. Urinary excretion of TG after dose and the T/E ratio during 15 d were calculated. The degree and rate of increase in the TG excretion rate were highly dependent on the UGT2B17 genotype with a 20-fold higher average maximum increase in the insertion/insertion group compared with the del/del group. Of the del/del subjects, 40% never reached the T/E ratio of 4.0 on any of the 15 d after the dose. When differentiated cutoff levels for the del/del (1.0) and the other genotypes (6.0) were applied, the sensitivity increased substantially for the del/del group, and false positives in the other genotypes were eliminated. Consideration of the genetic variation in disposition of androgens will improve the sensitivity and specificity of the testosterone doping test. This is of interest not only for combating androgen doping in sports, but also for detecting and preventing androgen abuse in society.

  2. Estudio de las etapas de formación del joven deportista desde el desarrollo de la capacidad táctica. Aplicación al fútbol

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sixto González Villora

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available La enseñanza de los deportes ha olvidado tradicionalmente la táctica, centrándose en la técnica. Esto lleva implícito unas deficiencias en el aprendizaje que en muchas ocasiones no se superan nunca y que en ocasiones lleva al joven deportista al abandono deportivo, por tanto es necesario implantar nuevos modelos que supongan una alternativa metodológica, dicha pretensión no está exenta de problemas, ya que la formación del profesor-entrenador precisa ser más completa por cuanto que deja de ser un mero ejecutor de sesiones creadas por otros. El objetivo es conocer qué niveles de conocimiento técnico-táctico pueden aprender los jugadores en cada ciclo formativo con el fin de adecuar los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje a sus capacidades reales. Las propuestas bibliográficas previas son de carácter intuitivo o experimental, y no se han contrastado suficientemente con investigaciones. En el estudio participaron 57 deportistas, con alto nivel de pericia, que forman parte de la cantera del Albacete Balompié desde la categoría prebenjamín hasta la infantil. El estudio evalúa las capacidades técnico-tácticas a partir de tres novedosos instrumentos, previamente validados y comprobada su fiabilidad. Los dos primeros miden los conocimientos declarativos y procedimentales (teóricos mediante entrevistas, basándose la primera en preguntas estructuradas sobre contenidos técnico-tácticos y la segunda elaborada a partir de secuencias de video en juego real. El tercero, Instrumento de Evaluación del Rendimiento de Juego, evalúa las decisiones y ejecuciones en situación real de juego, separando el componente cognitivo-decisional del rendimiento de la ejecución de las habilidades motrices específicas. Los resultados obtenidos indican los niveles de aprendizaje máximos que han aprendido hasta los 8, 10, 12 y 14 años tanto en el conocimiento declarativo, procedimental, toma de decisiones y las habilidades de ejecución (control

  3. Duygusal ve Rasyonel Sosyal Reklam Mesajlarının Etkililiği Üzerine Bir Araştırma

    OpenAIRE

    AYTEKİN, Pınar; YAKIN, Volkan

    2015-01-01

    Çalışmada, sosyal pazarlamanın tanımına ve uygulama alanlarına değinilmiş, sosyal pazarlamada kullanılan duygusal ve rasyonel çekiciliklerin ve hedef kitle üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi üzerine nitel ve nicel olmak üzere iki aşamalı bir araştırma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada Türk Kızılay’ına ait iki reklam afişinden faydalanılmıştır. İlk aşamada reklamların mesaj içerikleri göstergebilimsel analiz yardımıyla analiz edilerek rasyonel/duygusal çekiciliklerden hangisine sahip olduklar...

  4. Function and phylogeny of bacterial butyryl-CoA:acetate transferases and their diversity in the proximal colon of swine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Studying the host-associated butyrate-producing bacterial community is important because butyrate is essential for colonic homeostasis and gut health. Previous research has identified the butyryl-coA:acetate transferase (2.3.8.3) as a the main gene for butyrate production in intestinal ecosystems; h...

  5. EFEK POLIMORFISME GENA GSTP-1 TERHADAP AKTIVITAS GLUTATION S-TRANSFERASE (GST PADA INDIVIDU TERPAPAR LOGAM BERAT TIMBAL (Effect of GSTP-1 Gene Polymorphismson Glutation S- Transferase (GST Activity in Heavy Metals Lead-Exposed Individual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernayanti Hernayanti

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available ABSTRAK Gena GSTP-1 merupakan penghasil enzim glutation S- transferase (GST, yang berfungsi dalam proses detoksifikasi senyawa toksik di hati. Faktor keberadaan polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 akan menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi GST, sehingga proses detoksifikasi terhadap senyawa toksik akan terhambat. Kerentanan terhadap paparan senyawa toksik pada manusia akan meningkat apabila dijumpai polimorfisme gena. Salah satu senyawa toksik yang dapat menghambat aktivitas GST adalah timbal (Pb, terutama dalam bentuk tetra ethyl lead (TEL. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 terhadap aktivitas GST pada individu terpapar Pb, yang diwakili pekerja bengkel mobil. Faktor keberadaan polimorfisme gena individu ditentukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP dan enzim restriksi BsmA1. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar Pb dan aktivitas GST. Analisis molekuler gena GSTP-1 dilakukan secara deskriptif. Data kadar Pb dan aktivitas GST dianalisis dengan uji t independent. Hasil analisis gena GSTP-1 dari 40 orang subyek kasus setelah dilakukan digesti dengan enzim BsmA1, ditemukan sebanyak 10 orang individu dengan polimorfisme Ile105Val gena GSTP 1 atau sekitar 25% dengan genotip Ile-Val, sedangkan 30 orang atau 75% ditemukan tanpa polimorfisme dengan genotip Ile-Ile. Pita DNA individu dengan polimorfisme terpotong menjadi 3 fragmen sepanjang 176, 91 dan 85 pp (mutan heterozygot, sedangkan tanpa polimorfisme terletak pada 176 bp. Subyek kasus dengan polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 memiliki kadar Pb lebih tinggi dan aktivitas GST lebih rendah dibandingkan individu non polimorfisme. Telah terbukti bahwa polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 menyebabkan penurunan ekspresi enzim GST. Pada individu terpapar Pb dengan polimorfisme gena GSTP-1 memiliki aktivitas GST lebih rendah dibandingkan individu tanpa polimorfisme. ABSTRACT GSTP-1 gene regulates the expression of gluthation S-transferase enzyme, which role in detoxification of toxicant on liver. If the polymorphisms

  6. Problemas en torno a la denominación del lenguaje científico-técnico: ciencia, técnica, tecnología e ingeniería

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inmaculada Álvarez de Mon

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es abordar el problema de la denominación de la variedad lingüística conocida como el inglés de la ciencia y la tecnología, variedad que ha sido de interés para muchos de los profesionales que trabajan en el ámbito de las lenguas para fines específicos. Una revisión de las publicaciones relacionadas con el tema muestra la diversidad de denominaciones existentes: "English for Science and Technology", "Scientific English", "Technical English", en inglés y en español, "inglés técnico" o "inglés científico-técnico". Por otra parte, si consideramos que gran parte de la actividad docente del inglés para fines específicos se realiza en escuelas de ingeniería, parece sorprendente la ausencia del término "ingeniería" en la investigación lingüística o en suaplicación didáctica. Dos son los problemas que se analizan en este estudio. El primero, que podríamos denominar terminológico, aborda las diferencias en el uso de los términos ciencia, técnica y tecnología en inglés y en español. El segundo plantea las diferencias de uso de los adjetivos "científico" y "técnico" e intenta explicar el porqué de estas diferencias. Finalmente, en este estudio abogo por el empleo del término "científico-técnico" cuando se trata de hacer referencia a textos o lenguaje en relación con la ciencia aplicada y la tecnología

  7. Mamoplastia en plano dual ¿Es la técnica de elección?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    C.D. Lo Brutto

    Full Text Available Desde el año 2004 hemos empleado la técnica de plano dual en la mamoplastia de aumento de forma sistemática en todas nuestras pacientes, utilizándola como técnica de elección para la mamoplastia de aumento primaria, para el tratamiento de la contractura capsular mamaria y para la resolución de malformaciones del contorno mamario, la más frecuente de las cuales fue en nuestra práctica la mama tuberosa. Este plano permite que la prótesis se aloje simultáneamente por debajo y por encima del pectoral mayor, lográndose una adecuada cobertura del implante en todos los casos. Consideramos 650 mamoplastias bilaterales realizadas en el período comprendido entre enero del 2006 y diciembre del 2008 utilizando prótesis redondas de superficie lisa en todos los casos (Mentor®. La cirugía se realizó bajo anestesia local y sedación endovenosa. La tasa de complicaciones fue mínima y se debió fundamentalmente a hematomas y asimetría mamaria. En nuestra experiencia la técnica de plano dual puede utilizarse, con mínimas variaciones técnicas, basándose en fundamentos fisiológicos, patológicos y tipo de deformidad que presente la paciente, con una alta tasa de satisfacción y un riesgo mínimo.

  8. Propuesta de modelo tecnológico para Flipped Classroom (T-FliC en educación superior

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matilde Basso-Aránguiz

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta una propuesta de modelo tecnológico para Flipped Classroom (FC o aula invertida, denominado T-FliC. El objetivo es dar un soporte mediado por las tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC al modelo pedagógico homónimo existente, para ser considerado en futuras implementaciones en asignaturas de distintos niveles de formación en educación superior. T-FliC se basa, fundamentalmente, en la utilización de recursos tecnológicos gratuitos, teniendo como base las aplicaciones de Google (Classroom, Drive y Youtube, entre otras, debido a su uso masivo por parte de estudiantes y docentes, lo que posibilita replicar este modelo en distintos contextos educativos. T-FliC incorpora cinco fases mediadas por las TIC, que van desde la planificación de las actividades de enseñanza-aprendizaje hasta la evaluación continua de los aprendizajes. En su implementación, el modelo T-FliC considera una clase digital (aprendizaje fuera del aula con la orientación asincrónica de personal tutor virtual, un taller que comprende el desarrollo de actividades dinámicas para el trabajo colaborativo (aprendizaje en el aula con la guía de personal tutor presencial y un proceso evaluativo permanente y continuo mediado por herramientas tecnológicas tales como teclera, portafolio y foro que permitirá tener el registro digital de la ruta de aprendizaje del estudiantado. Este artículo incluye una revisión bibliográfica acerca del rol de las TIC en los procesos educativos y de los fundamentos de la metodología Flipped Classroom (FC. Se incorporan antecedentes de experiencias de implementación de FC en educación superior, seguido de la presentación del modelo T-FliC como una propuesta tecnológica para esta metodología. Finalmente, en las conclusiones se presentan reflexiones sobre la propuesta.

  9. Identification of the enzyme responsible for N1-methylation of pseudouridine 54 in archaeal tRNAs.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wurm, Jan Philip; Griese, Marco; Bahr, Ute; Held, Martin; Heckel, Alexander; Karas, Michael; Soppa, Jörg; Wöhnert, Jens

    2012-03-01

    tRNAs from all three kingdoms of life contain a variety of modified nucleotides required for their stability, proper folding, and accurate decoding. One prominent example is the eponymous ribothymidine (rT) modification at position 54 in the T-arm of eukaryotic and bacterial tRNAs. In contrast, in most archaea this position is occupied by another hypermodified nucleotide: the isosteric N1-methylated pseudouridine. While the enzyme catalyzing pseudouridine formation at this position is known, the pseudouridine N1-specific methyltransferase responsible for this modification has not yet been experimentally identified. Here, we present biochemical and genetic evidence that the two homologous proteins, Mja_1640 (COG 1901, Pfam DUF358) and Hvo_1989 (Pfam DUF358) from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Haloferax volcanii, respectively, are representatives of the methyltransferase responsible for this modification. However, the in-frame deletion of the pseudouridine N1-methyltransferase gene in H. volcanii did not result in a discernable phenotype in line with similar observations for knockouts of other T-arm methylating enzymes.

  10. Roy-Steiner equations for {pi}N scattering - The Muskhelishvili-Omnes problem for the t-channel partial waves

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Ditsche, Christoph; Hoferichter, Martin; Kubis, Bastian [Helmholtz-Institut fuer Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie), Universitaet Bonn (Germany); Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Bonn (Germany); Meissner, Ulf G. [Helmholtz-Institut fuer Strahlen- und Kernphysik (Theorie), Universitaet Bonn (Germany); Institut fuer Kernphysik (Theorie), Institute for Advanced Simulations, and Juelich Center for Hadron Physics, Forschungszentrum Juelich, D-52425 Juelich (Germany); Bethe Center for Theoretical Physics, Bonn (Germany)

    2011-07-01

    Starting from (subtracted) hyperbolic dispersion relations for {pi}N scattering, which are based on the general principles of Lorentz invariance, unitarity, crossing and analyticity as well as isospin symmetry, we propose a closed system of (subtracted) hyperbolic partial wave dispersion relations for the partial waves f{sup I}{sub l{+-}}({radical}(s)) of the s-channel reaction {pi}N{yields}{pi}N and the partial waves f{sup J}{sub {+-}}(t) of the t-channel reaction {pi}{pi}{yields} anti NN in the spirit of Roy and Steiner. A key step to the ultimate goal of solving this Roy-Steiner system is to first solve the corresponding (subtracted) Muskhelishvili-Omnes problem with inelasticities and a finite matching point for the lowest t-channel partial waves f{sup 0}{sub +}(t), f{sup 1}{sub {+-}}(t). The recent status of this ongoing effort is presented.

  11. Algunas técnicas de clasificación automáticade documentos

    OpenAIRE

    Figuerola, Carlos G.; Alonso Berrocal, José Luis; Zazo Rodríguez, Ángel Francisco; Rodríguez Vázquez de Aldana, Emilio

    2005-01-01

    La idea de clasificación es bien conocida por quienes se dedican a la documentación.Sin entrar en disquisiciones formales, se trata de organizar los documentos en algunaforma que permita después su mejor recuperación. En torno a ello se han elaboradodiversas técnicas, que se han aplicado con mejor o peor fortuna. Con la crecientedisponibilidad de documentos en formato electrónico, susceptibles, por consiguiente,de ser procesados de manera automática, surge la posibilidad de abordar laclasific...

  12. Primary and secondary structural analyses of glutathione S-transferase pi from human placenta.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ahmad, H; Wilson, D E; Fritz, R R; Singh, S V; Medh, R D; Nagle, G T; Awasthi, Y C; Kurosky, A

    1990-05-01

    The primary structure of glutathione S-transferase (GST) pi from a single human placenta was determined. The structure was established by chemical characterization of tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides as well as automated sequence analysis of the intact enzyme. The structural analysis indicated that the protein is comprised of 209 amino acid residues and gave no evidence of post-translational modifications. The amino acid sequence differed from that of the deduced amino acid sequence determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of a cDNA clone (Kano, T., Sakai, M., and Muramatsu, M., 1987, Cancer Res. 47, 5626-5630) at position 104 which contained both valine and isoleucine whereas the deduced sequence from nucleotide sequence analysis identified only isoleucine at this position. These results demonstrated that in the one individual placenta studied at least two GST pi genes are coexpressed, probably as a result of allelomorphism. Computer assisted consensus sequence evaluation identified a hydrophobic region in GST pi (residues 155-181) that was predicted to be either a buried transmembrane helical region or a signal sequence region. The significance of this hydrophobic region was interpreted in relation to the mode of action of the enzyme especially in regard to the potential involvement of a histidine in the active site mechanism. A comparison of the chemical similarity of five known human GST complete enzyme structures, one of pi, one of mu, two of alpha, and one microsomal, gave evidence that all five enzymes have evolved by a divergent evolutionary process after gene duplication, with the microsomal enzyme representing the most divergent form.

  13. Discovery of novel N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides as potent RORγt inhibitors.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yonghui; Cai, Wei; Zhang, Guifeng; Yang, Ting; Liu, Qian; Cheng, Yaobang; Zhou, Ling; Ma, Yingli; Cheng, Ziqiang; Lu, Sijie; Zhao, Yong-Gang; Zhang, Wei; Xiang, Zhijun; Wang, Shuai; Yang, Liuqing; Wu, Qianqian; Orband-Miller, Lisa A; Xu, Yan; Zhang, Jing; Gao, Ruina; Huxdorf, Melanie; Xiang, Jia-Ning; Zhong, Zhong; Elliott, John D; Leung, Stewart; Lin, Xichen

    2014-01-15

    Novel series of N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiazol-2-yl)amides and N-(5-(arylcarbonyl)thiophen-2-yl)amides were discovered as potent retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-gamma-t (RORγt) inhibitors. SAR studies of the RORγt HTS hit 6a led to identification of thiazole ketone amide 8h and thiophene ketone amide 9g with high binding affinity and inhibitory activity of Th17 cell differentiation. Compound 8h showed in vivo efficacy in both mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and collagen induced arthritis (CIA) models via oral administration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Duality symmetry of N=4 Yang-Mills theory on T3

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hacquebord, F.; Verlinde, H.

    1997-01-01

    We study the spectrum of BPS states in N=4 supersymmetric U(N) Yang-Mills theory. This theory has been proposed to describe M-theory on T 3 in the discrete light-cone formalism. We find that the degeneracy of irreducible BPS bound states in this model exhibits a (partially hidden) SL(5,Z) duality symmetry. Besides the electro-magnetic symmetry, this duality group also contains Nahm-like transformations that interchange the rank N of the gauge group with some of the magnetic or electric fluxes. In the M-theory interpretation, this mapping amounts to a reflection that interchanges the longitudinal direction with one of the transverse directions. (orig.)

  15. Ajuste de tiempos de inmersión en técnicas combinadas de deshidratado de duraznos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Urfalino, D.P

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se desarrolló una técnica combinada de deshidratado osmótico-convectivo para duraznos. El objetivo fue ajustar los tiempos de inmersión en las soluciones de sacarosa empleadas para generar un proceso de fácil adopción y económico que brinde productos de alta calidad que mantengan dichas características durante todo su período de almacenaje. Para ello, se realizó una primera inmersión de los duraznos pelados en mitades en una solución de metabisulfito de sodio al 5% durante tres minutos y, posteriormente, se colocaron en una solución de sacarosa a 55º Brix variando los tiempos de inmersión (T1: 24 horas; T2: 12 horas; T3: 6 horas y T4: 0 horas. Transcurridos dichos intervalos de tiempo, los duraznos se escurrieron, se enjuagaron y se deshidrataron a 55º C hasta 20% de humedad final en un horno eléctrico. Cada tratamiento se realizó por duplicado. Durante la realización de los ensayos se determinó peso y volumen, antes y después de la etapa de deshidratado osmótico (DO y de la etapa de deshidratado convectivo. Una vez obtenido el producto final se evaluó color y dióxido de azufre residual cada tres meses por un plazo total de 10 meses. Los resultados reflejaron que los tratamientos que tuvieron mayores tiempos de inmersión en la solución hipertónica presentaron mayor volumen y rendimiento en el producto final, los cuales fueron directamente proporcionales al tiempo de inmersión. Por otro lado, los tratamientos que tuvieron la etapa de DO presentaron un contenido de sulfitos considerablemente menor en el producto final, respecto al testigo y una menor degradación del color a través del tiempo. El tratamiento 1 se destacó por presentar la mayor estabilidad del parámetro de color L* (el cual refleja la luminosidad durante los 10 meses de almacenaje evaluados.

  16. Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of mouse amine N-sulfotransferases

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Takahashi, Saki; Sakakibara, Yoichi; Mishiro, Emi; Kouriki, Haruna; Nobe, Rika; Kurogi, Katsuhisa; Yasuda, Shin; Liu, M.-C.; Suiko, Masahito

    2008-01-01

    By searching the GenBank database, we recently identified a novel mouse cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) cDNA (IMAGE Clone ID 679629) and a novel mouse SULT gene (LOC 215895). Sequence analysis revealed that both mouse SULTs belong to the cytosolic SULT3 gene family. The recombinant form of these two newly identified SULTs, designated SULT3A1 and SULT3A2, were expressed using the pGEX-4T-1 glutathione S-transferase fusion system and purified from transformed BL21 Escherichia coli cells. Both purified SULT3A1 and SULT3A2 exhibited strong amine N-sulfonating activities toward 1-naphthylamine among a variety of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds tested as substrates. Kinetic constants of the sulfation of 1-naphthylamine and 1-naphthol by these two enzymes were determined. Collectively, these results imply that these two amine-sulfonating SULT3s may play essential roles in the metabolism and detoxification of aromatic amine compounds in the body

  17. Evaluación de la aplicabilidad de la técnica de la termografía infrarroja al reconocimiento del estado de elementos de hormigón

    OpenAIRE

    Guerrero Mena, Cely Natali

    2013-01-01

    El siguiente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo fundamental evaluar la capacidad que posee la técnica de la termografía infrarroja para detectar y reconocer anomalías, defectos y lesiones que originan procesos de deterioro en superficies planas de hormigón. Actualmente, el uso extensivo del hormigón como material de construcción hace oportuno la utilización de técnicas de inspección que permitan su correcto monitoreo y mantenimiento para la gestión y administración...

  18. The interaction of glutathione S-transferase M1-null variants with tobacco smoke exposure and the development of childhood asthma

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rogers, A J; Brasch-Andersen, C; Ionita-Laza, I

    2009-01-01

    BACKGROUND: The glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1)-null variant is a common copy number variant associated with adverse pulmonary outcomes, including asthma and airflow obstruction, with evidence of important gene-by-environment interactions with exposures to oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE: To exp...

  19. Aplicaciones e inconvenientes de la técnica Hibridación in situ Fluorescente (FISH en la identificación de microorganismos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raúl Rodríguez Martínez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Durante el transcurso de los últimos años se ha reportado un gran número de aplicaciones de la técnica FISH, la cual es utilizada en la detección de microorganismos en su propio hábitat sin que requieran de su previo aislamiento y purificación. La importancia de FISH radica en la capacidad que tiene la sonda de ADN de detectar una región específica del áci- do nucleico de la célula microbiana y ser visualizada por microscopía de epifluorescencia. En esta revisión se describe los diversos usos que tiene FISH, que van desde la identifica- ción de la microbiota en ambientes acuáticos y su empleo en la biorremediación hasta la detección de patógenos en el diagnóstico clínico. Asimismo, se presentan algunas limita- ciones, y los posibles correctivos que se deben tener encuenta cuando se aplica esta técnica.

  20. Cantharidin Impedes Activity of Glutathione S-Transferase in the Midgut of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ya Lin Zhang

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Previous investigations have implicated glutathione S-transferases (GSTs as one of the major reasons for insecticide resistance. Therefore, effectiveness of new candidate compounds depends on their ability to inhibit GSTs to prevent metabolic detoxification by insects. Cantharidin, a terpenoid compound of insect origin, has been developed as a bio-pesticide in China, and proves highly toxic to a wide range of insects, especially lepidopteran. In the present study, we test cantharidin as a model compound for its toxicity, effects on the mRNA transcription of a model Helicoverpa armigera glutathione S-transferase gene (HaGST and also for its putative inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of GSTs, both in vivo and in vitro in Helicoverpa armigera, employing molecular and biochemical methods. Bioassay results showed that cantharidin was highly toxic to H. armigera. Real-time qPCR showed down-regulation of the HaGST at the mRNA transcript ranging from 2.5 to 12.5 folds while biochemical assays showed in vivo inhibition of GSTs in midgut and in vitro inhibition of rHaGST. Binding of cantharidin to HaGST was rationalized by homology and molecular docking simulations using a model GST (1PN9 as a template structure. Molecular docking simulations also confirmed accurate docking of the cantharidin molecule to the active site of HaGST impeding its catalytic activity.

  1. S-Nitrosation destabilizes glutathione transferase P1-1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Balchin, David; Stoychev, Stoyan H; Dirr, Heini W

    2013-12-23

    Protein S-nitrosation is a post-translational modification that regulates the function of more than 500 human proteins. Despite its apparent physiological significance, S-nitrosation is poorly understood at a molecular level. Here, we investigated the effect of S-nitrosation on the activity, structure, stability, and dynamics of human glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1), an important detoxification enzyme ubiquitous in aerobes. S-Nitrosation at Cys47 and Cys101 reduces the activity of the enzyme by 94%. Circular dichroism spectroscopy, acrylamide quenching, and amide hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry experiments indicate that the loss of activity is caused by the introduction of local disorder at the active site of GSTP1-1. Furthermore, the modification destabilizes domain 1 of GSTP1-1 against denaturation, smoothing the unfolding energy landscape of the protein and introducing a refolding defect. In contrast, S-nitrosation at Cys101 alone introduces a refolding defect in domain 1 but compensates by stabilizing the domain kinetically. These data elucidate the physical basis for the regulation of GSTP1-1 by S-nitrosation and provide general insight into the consequences of S-nitrosation on protein stability and dynamics.

  2. Novel function of glutathione transferase in rat liver mitochondrial membrane: Role for cytochrome c release from mitochondria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lee, Kang Kwang; Shimoji, Manami; Hossain, Quazi Sohel; Sunakawa, Hajime; Aniya, Yoko

    2008-01-01

    Microsomal glutathione transferase (MGST1) is activated by oxidative stress. Although MGST1 is found in mitochondrial membranes (mtMGST1), there is no information about the oxidative activation of mtMGST1. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether mtMGST1 also undergoes activation and about its function. When rats were treated with galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (GalN/LPS), mtMGST1 activity was significantly increased, and the increased activity was reduced by the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol. In mitochondria from GalN/LPS-treated rats, disulfide-linked mtMGST1 dimer and mixed protein glutathione disulfides (glutathionylation) were detected. In addition, cytochrome c release from mitochondria isolated from GalN/LPS-treated rats was observed, and the release was inhibited by anti-MGST1 antibodies. Incubation of mitochondria from control rats with diamide and diamide plus GSH in vitro resulted in dimer- and mixed disulfide bond-mediated activation of mtMGST1, respectively. The activation of mtMGST1 by diamide plus GSH caused cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, and the release was prevented by treatment with anti-MGST1 antibodies. In addition, diamide plus GSH treatment caused mitochondrial swelling accompanied by cytochrome c release, which was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA) and bongkrekic acid (BKA), inhibitors of the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) pore. Furthermore, mtMGST1 activity was also inhibited by CsA and BKA. These results indicate that mtMGST1 is activated through mixed disulfide bond formation that contributes to cytochrome c release from mitochondria through the MPT pore

  3. Ultrasound surface treatment of Kh18N10T steel with different structural state. Ul'trazvukovaya poverkhnostnaya obrabotka stali Kh18N10T s razlichnym strukturnym sostoyaniem

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aksenov, V K; Danilov, P A; Mats, A V; Netesov, V M; Yaes, A A [AN Ukrainskoj SSR, Kharkov (Ukrainian SSR). Fiziko-Tekhnicheskij Inst.

    1989-09-01

    Ultrasound surface treatment (USST) is studied for its effect on the structure and mechanical-and-physical properties of Kh18N10T steel with different prehistory. It is shown that surface treatment may both increase and decrease steel microhardness.

  4. Análisis sobre el almacenamiento térmico en la edificación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteban Sáiz, J. Luis

    1991-12-01

    Full Text Available The paper begins with and explanation of the general treatment which the application of passive solar energy receives in construction, within the EEC, either in research programmes or in the estimates for energy saving and reducing of the environmental pollution. The author then goes on to analyse the systems of thermal accumulation through latent heat and sensible heat. The types of heat produced by means of water together with pebbles are analysed in the latter case. Further on, there is a description of the work carried out at the Institute on experimental modules. The object of analysis was the influence of the mass distribution inside the module, and also the energy saving tested on two analogous houses with the conservatory leaning against the South facade, one of which did not have the thermal storage system based on pebbles. These experiments helped to define the global thermal index, which takes into consideration both the energy saving factors and the thermal comfort.

    En primer lugar se hace una exposición sobre el tratamiento con carácter general que está teniendo la aplicación de la energía solar pasiva en la edificación, dentro del ámbito de la CEE, bien en programas de investigación o en previsiones de ahorro energético y disminución de la contaminación del medio ambiente para pasar, posteriormente, a los sistemas de acumulación térmica por calor latente y calor sensible, analizándose en este último caso los producidos por cantos rodados y a base de agua. A continuación se desarrollan los trabajos que se llevaron a cabo en el Instituto sobre módulos experimentales, donde se analizó la influencia de la distribución de masa en el interior del módulo, así como el ahorro energético experimentado sobre dos casetas análogas con invernadero adosado a la fachada Sur, pero uno de ellos sin sistema de acumulación térmica, a base de cantos rodados, definiéndose un índice térmico global, que considera

  5. Aplicación de las técnicas de teledetección y SIG a la determinación y análisis de mapas de evapotranspiración

    OpenAIRE

    Reca Cardeña, Juan; Medina, J. L.; Camacho, E. F.; López, R.; Roldán Cañas, José

    1999-01-01

    La estimación de la evapotranspiración es esencial en los sistemas de riego, en el cálculo de pérdidas de agua en embalses, en la estimación de balances hídricos, en las predicciones de escorrentía, así como en estudios climatológicos y meteorológicos. Las nuevas técnicas denominadas teledetección y sistemas de información geográfica (SIG) permiten el cálculo de la distribución espacial de este parámetro. Un nuevo modelo racional, SEBAL (Bastiaanssen, 1995), basado en la ecuación de conservac...

  6. Aplicación de la técnica educativa aprendizaje basado en problemas para capacitación a distancia (e-learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moisés David Armenta Hernández

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo trata sobre el proceso de capacitación en una fábrica de Software para el sector educativo. En un contexto de innovación donde los productos se reinventan constantemente, el reutilizar conocimientos previos y el aprendizaje profundo y autodirigido son fundamentales. Esto orientó la investigación hacia dos técnicas didácticas constructivistas: el aprendizaje colaborativo y el ABP (Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. Esta investigación de corte cualitativo implementó un estudio de caso para explorar y analizar qué sucede al incorporar en línea a distancia una actividad instruccional basada en la técnica didáctica ABP usando la plataforma educativa “SesWeb”. Se recolectaron datos mediante observación virtual, entrevistas cualitativas como herramientas principales, y un cuestionario como herramienta auxiliar. Las evidencias señalan que el modelo ABP 4x4 en modalidad E-learning: a propicia interacciones para el aprendizaje colaborativo, b fomenta el aprendizaje profundo y auto dirigido, y c la investigación individual guía al alumno hacia la resolución del problema.

  7. Kunstitudengid näitavad Maarjamäe lossi pargis oma vabadussamba tõlgendusi

    Index Scriptorium Estoniae

    2008-01-01

    Eesti Kunstiakadeemia skulptuuritudengid Marit Mardla, Matthias-Jakob Sildnik, Mikk Madisson, Liis Dvorjanski, Uku Sepisvart, Hannes Aasamets, Kadri Allekand, Kristin Orav, Loore Raav, Jekaterina Kultajeva, Li Yang, Kristel Aasjõe, Liivi Tantaal, Jass Kaselaan, Edith Karlson, Kadri Metstak, Berit Talpsepp ja Eike Eplik näitavad oma töid näitusel "Vabaduse monumendid"

  8. Modelování IPv6 v prostředí OMNeT++

    OpenAIRE

    Černý, Marek

    2011-01-01

    OMNeT++ je diskrétní simulátor hojně používaný k vytváření nejrůznějších síťových simulací. Lze jej dále rozšířit např. frameworkem INET, který obsahuje modely protokolů a zařízení z prostředí TCP/IP síti. V této práci se soustředíme na zkoumání současných možností balíku INET modelovat internetový protokol verze 6. Obzvláště se zaměřujeme na podporu směrování. V rámci implementace pak byly vytvořeny moduly dual-stack směrovače a dual-stack klienta s podporou manuální i automatické IPv6 adres...

  9. Modelos numéricos para la simulación de incendios en túneles con ventilación semi transversal y trampillas de extracción

    OpenAIRE

    Retana Zúñiga, Mª Paloma; Fraile de Lerma, Alberto; Rey Llorente, Ignacio del; Alarcón Álvarez, Enrique

    1999-01-01

    El incremento experimentado por la construcción de grandes túneles ha provocado un renovado interés por el estudio de las diferentes situaciones de accidente que se pueden producir durante su vida de servicio. Entre ellos uno de los más complicados y peor conocidos es el caso de un accidente con fuego en el interior del túnel. Mediante el uso de un método numérico de volúmenes finitos este articulo presenta un estudio sobre las implicaciones del uso de trampillas de extracción de humos así co...

  10. Individualización cinética de reacciones simultáneas por espectrometría de masa: descomposición térmica de los carbonatos básicos de níquel y de cobalto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Jerez-Mendez

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available El análisis térmico por espectrometría de masa resuelve problemas experimentales que presenta el análisis térmico convencional al aire, en el cual es imposible detectar las reacciones que tienen lugar simultáneamente en un mismo intervalo de temperatura y, por lo tanto, resulta imposible individualizarlas a partir de la pérdida de masa por análisis termogravimétrico (AT o por el efecto (endotérmico o exotérmico, según el caso registrado por análisis térmico diferencial (ATD debido al solapamiento de los procesos en dichas curvas. El análisis térmico mediante espectrometría de masa permitió individualizar la cinética de la descomposición térmica de los carbonatos básicos de níquel y de cobalto. Estos resultados se comparan con los obtenidos en la descomposición térmica del carbonato de calcio, donde existe la evolución de un único producto gaseoso. Los resultados demuestran que en la descomposición térmica de los carbonatos básicos de níquel y de cobalto, la salida del agua de constitución y del dióxido de carbono no son procesos sucesivos. Parte del agua de constitución abandona la muestra simultáneamente con el dióxido de carbono, aunque en los termogramas estas transformaciones sólo se visualizan como efectos que se solapan

  11. Gestión del conocimiento tácito en el Instituto Nacional de Salud

    OpenAIRE

    Huaillani Chavez, Silvia del Rosario

    2014-01-01

    El presente trabajo aborda la influencia de la cultura organizacional en la transferencia de los conocimientos adquiridos en la institución. En este sentido, tiene como objetivo aplicar un modelo de gestión del conocimiento que permita fortalecer la cultura organizacional y difundir el conocimiento tácito adquirido a través de una plataforma de gestión del conocimiento, a fin de fomentar la interacción y comunicación entre los miembros de la institución. Este modelo de gestión del conocim...

  12. El papel de las tácticas irregulares en las guerras hibridas: la intervención en Afganistán por parte de Estados Unidos

    OpenAIRE

    Rojas Ibañez, Gustavo Enrique

    2017-01-01

    Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explicar la manera en que las tácticas irregulares son utilizadas en las guerras hibridas, tomando como ejemplo la intervención en Afganistán por parte de Estados unidos, con el fin de generalizar los principios que rigen la mayoría de los conflictos en la actualidad y poder entender las tendencias en las que se desenvolverán los combates en el futuro. Estas tácticas son utilizadas como herramienta en el combate ya que los grupos insurgentes, como los Talibán,...

  13. Succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency: identification of a new patient with a neonatal onset and review of the literature

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niezen-Koning, K. E.; Wanders, R. J.; Ruiter, J. P.; IJlst, L.; Visser, G.; Reitsma-Bierens, W. C.; Heymans, H. S.; Reijngoud, D. J.; Smit, G. P.

    1997-01-01

    We describe the clinical symptoms and biochemical findings of a patient with succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency who presented in the neonatal period and review the current literature on this subject. Our patient was initially suspected to have distal renal tubular acidosis, and

  14. Succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency : identification of a new patient with a neonatal onset and review of the literature

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niezen-Koning, K E; Wanders, R J; Ruiter, J P; Ijlst, L; Visser, G; Reitsma-Bierens, W C; Heijmans, Hugo; Reijngoud, D J; Smit, G P

    1997-01-01

    UNLABELLED: We describe the clinical symptoms and biochemical findings of a patient with succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency who presented in the neonatal period and review the current literature on this subject. Our patient was initially suspected to have distal renal tubular acidosis,

  15. Succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency : identification of a new patient with a neonatal onset and review of the literature

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Niezen-Koning, K E; Wanders, R J; Ruiter, J P; Ijlst, L; Visser, G; Reitsma-Bierens, W C; Heijmans, Hugo; Reijngoud, D J; Smit, G P

    UNLABELLED: We describe the clinical symptoms and biochemical findings of a patient with succinyl-CoA:acetoacetate transferase deficiency who presented in the neonatal period and review the current literature on this subject. Our patient was initially suspected to have distal renal tubular acidosis,

  16. Desarrollo e implementación de prototipos de robots móviles para la navegación autónoma utilizando técnicas de Inteligencia Artificial

    OpenAIRE

    Marinelli, Marcelo; Mounier, Mónica; De Silvestre, Enrique; Kornuta, Carlos; Kolb, Melissa; Wurm, Guillermo; Solonezen, Lisandro

    2013-01-01

    Se propone el diseño y construcción de prototipos robóticos que incluyan dispositivos de tracción, dirección, telemetría y sistemas embebidos que permitan la investigación de varias técnicas de inteligencia artificial (IA) para la navegación autónoma de robots móviles. Los prototipos deberán poseer diversos sistemas sensoriales de entorno: sonares, infrarrojo y sistemas de visión artificial. Las técnicas de IA utilizadas serán lógica difusa y sistemas expertos y se trabajará en los prob...

  17. Caracterización estructural y térmica de almidones provenientes de diferentes variedades de papa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Hernando Pardo C

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Utilizando análisis fisicoquímico, estructural y térmico, se evaluaron almidones de las variedades de papa Parda Pastusa (P, Tuquerreña (T, ICA Huila (IH, ICA Puracé (IP, ICA Única (IU, Criolla Latina (C y R-12 (R, cultivadas en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. En cada una de ellas se determinaron los contenidos de ceniza y proteína siguiendo métodos de la AOAC, humedad utilizando un analizador, estructura cristalina mediante difracción de rayos-X (DRX y propiedades térmicas utilizando calorimetría diferencial de barrido (DSC. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (P < 0.05 entre los contenidos de humedad en almidones. El almidón de la variedad IU presentó el mayor contenido de ceniza y el de la variedad T, el menor. Los difractogramas mostraron para todas las variedades patrones de cristalinidad tipo B; no obstante el almidón de las variedades IP, P, IU, T y IH presentó un patrón más cristalino que el de las variedades C y R. Los termogramas de los almidones mostraron el primer y segundo pico endotérmico, entre 123 y 163 J/g y entre 141 y 213.3 J/g, respectivamente, para las variedades IP, P, IU, T y IH; mientras que para los almidones de las variedades C y R estos valores fueron entre 68 y 77 J/g y entre 334 y 358 J/g, respectivamente.

  18. Control y reconocimiento táctil aplicado en tareas de manipulación de objetos deformables

    OpenAIRE

    Delgado Rodríguez, Ángel

    2017-01-01

    En esta Tesis se presenta una arquitectura innovadora para el control de tareas de manipulación de objetos deformables, usando sistemas robóticos compuestos por brazos articulados y manos humanoides. Esta arquitectura se basa principalmente en información sensorial obtenida desde sensores táctiles con los que se ha equipado a las manos robóticas. El principal objetivo del desarrollo de las técnicas que se describirán en esta memoria es obtener un sistema fiable, aplicable, y adaptable. Para q...

  19. Establishing exchange bias below T-N with polycrystalline Ni0.52Co0.48O/Co bilayers

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Berkowitz, A.E.; Hansen, Mikkel Fougt; Tang, Y.J.

    2005-01-01

    Exchange-coupled bilayers of polycrystalline ferromagnetic (FM) Co on antiferromagnetic (AFM) Ni0.52Co0.48O were investigated with emphasis on the issue of establishing an exchange-bias field, H-E, below the AFM ordering temperature, T-N. It was found that field-cooling the bilayers through T-N p...

  20. Relación entre conducta y activación de áreas cerebrales. empleo de la técnica de agnor en psicología comparada

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martín Miguel Puddington

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta una revisión de distintos estudios que emplearon la técnica de AgNOR en el campo de las neurociencias del comportamiento. AgNOR es una técnica histológica que permite estudiar la activación cerebral de una región específica. Esta técnica ha sido utilizada en distintos grupos zoo lógicos que comprenden desde peces y anfibios hasta mamíferos, incluyendo actividad neural tanto en procesos normales como patológicos. En conjunto, la técnica de AgNOR tiene tres notables ventajas con respecto a otras técnicas histológicas como las inmunohistoquímicas. En primer lugar, su bajo costo. En segundo lugar, su robustez. Fi nalmente, la posibilidad de ser aplicada con faci lidad a cualquier especie animal, siendo esto úl timo particularmente relevante en el campo de la Psicología Comparada . Paradójicamente a pesar de estas ventajas, es una técnica poco conocida y empleada. El propósito de este artículo es contri buir a su difusión dentro de la comunidad de científicos del comportamiento.

  1. Anti-symmetric rank-two tensor matter field on superspace for N{sub T}=2

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Spalenza, Wesley; Ney, Wander G; Helayel-Neto, J A

    2004-05-06

    In this work, we discuss the interaction between anti-symmetric rank-two tensor matter and topological Yang-Mills fields. The matter field considered here is the rank-2 Avdeev-Chizhov tensor matter field in a suitably extended N{sub T}=2 SUSY. We start off from the N{sub T}=2, D=4 superspace formulation and we go over to Riemannian manifolds. The matter field is coupled to the topological Yang-Mills field. We show that both actions are obtained as Q-exact forms, which allows us to express the energy-momentum tensor as Q-exact observables.

  2. Evaluation of the precision-cut liver and lung slice systems for the study of induction of CYP1, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase activities.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pushparajah, Daphnee S; Umachandran, Meera; Plant, Kathryn E; Plant, Nick; Ioannides, Costas

    2007-02-28

    The principal objective was to ascertain whether precision-cut tissue slices can be used to evaluate the potential of chemicals to induce CYP1, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase activities, all being important enzymes involved in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Precision-cut rat liver and lung slices were incubated with a range of benzo[a]pyrene concentrations for various time periods. A rise in the O-deethylation of ethoxyresorufin was seen in both liver and lung slices exposed to benzo[a]pyrene, which was accompanied by increased CYP1A apoprotein levels. Pulmonary CYP1B1 apoprotein levels and hepatic mRNA levels were similarly enhanced. Elevated epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase activities were also observed in liver slices following incubation for 24h; similarly, a rise in apoprotein levels of both enzymes was evident, peak levels occurring at the same time point. When mRNA levels were monitored, a rise in the levels of both enzymes was seen as early as 4h after incubation, but maximum levels were attained at 24 h. In lung slices, induction of epoxide hydrolase by benzo[a]pyrene was observed after a 24-h incubation, and at a concentration of 1 microM; a rise in apoprotein levels was seen at this time point. Glutathione S-transferase activity was not inducible in lung slices by benzo[a]pyrene but a modest increase was observed in hepatic slices. Collectively, these studies confirmed CYP1A induction in rat liver slices and established that CYP1B1 expression, and epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase activities are inducible in precision-cut tissue slices.

  3. Diagnóstico técnico de carbones térmicos para la obtención del combustible ccta en boyacá

    OpenAIRE

    TRIVIÑO RESTREPO, MARÍA DEL PILAR; MOLINA GALLEGO, CLAUDIA PATRICIA

    2009-01-01

    Este estudio evalúa los potenciales carbones térmicos de Boyacá, Colombia, para ser utilizados en la obtención del combustible CCTA (mezcla densa de carbón pulverizado disperso en emulsiones de combustóleo o fuel oil y agua), el cual puede sustituir el carbón en la producción de materiales cerámicos. Este sector productivo a nivel regional presenta un desarrollo insipiente, debido a que se utilizan principalmente hornos comunes o locos a carbón, sin obtener variación, ni aumento en la producc...

  4. Deformaciones del revestimiento y asientos producidos por la construcción de un túnel mediante tuneladora

    OpenAIRE

    Santos Rodríguez, Cristian de

    2007-01-01

    Debido al gran crecimiento que está viviendo la construcción de túneles urbanos, se ha considerado oportuno realizar el presente estudio que trata sobre las deformaciones del revestimiento y de los movimientos inducidos por la construcción de un túnel. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, en el caso de la deformación del revestimiento, se han realizado un conjunto de medidas de convergencia, dentro e inmediatamente después del escudo, con la finalidad de determinar la evolución de ...

  5. Antioxidant role of glutathione S-transferases: 4-Hydroxynonenal, a key molecule in stress-mediated signaling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Singhal, Sharad S.; Singh, Sharda P.; Singhal, Preeti; Horne, David; Singhal, Jyotsana; Awasthi, Sanjay

    2015-01-01

    4-Hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (4HNE), one of the major end products of lipid peroxidation (LPO), has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell lines. It appears to modulate signaling processes in more than one way because it has been suggested to have a role in signaling for differentiation and proliferation. It has been known that glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) can reduce lipid hydroperoxides through their Se-independent glutathione-peroxidase activity and that these enzymes can also detoxify LPO end-products such as 4HNE. Available evidence from earlier studies together with results of recent studies in our laboratories strongly suggests that LPO products, particularly hydroperoxides and 4HNE, are involved in the mechanisms of stress-mediated signaling and that it can be modulated by the alpha-class GSTs through the regulation of the intracellular concentrations of 4HNE. We demonstrate that 4HNE induced apoptosis in various cell lines is accompanied with c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-3 activation. Cells exposed to mild, transient heat or oxidative stress acquire the capacity to exclude intracellular 4HNE at a faster rate by inducing GSTA4-4 which conjugates 4HNE to glutathione (GSH), and RLIP76 which mediates the ATP-dependent transport of the GSH-conjugate of 4HNE (GS-HNE). The balance between formation and exclusion promotes different cellular processes — higher concentrations of 4HNE promote apoptosis; whereas, lower concentrations promote proliferation. In this article, we provide a brief summary of the cellular effects of 4HNE, followed by a review of its GST-catalyzed detoxification, with an emphasis on the structural attributes that play an important role in the interactions with alpha-class GSTA4-4. Taken together, 4HNE is a key signaling molecule and that GSTs being determinants of its intracellular concentrations, can regulate stress-mediated signaling, are reviewed in this article. - Highlights: • GSTs are the major

  6. Métodos y técnicas de investigación en relaciones internacionales

    OpenAIRE

    Villagra, Myriam Esther

    2008-01-01

    Desde los estudios iniciales sobre las relaciones internacionales se desarrolló un intenso debate teórico en torno al conocimiento de la realidad internacional. A partir de entonces buena parte de los esfuerzos intelectuales y de las discusiones en este campo se centraron en los aspectos metodológicos que debían presidir la investigación en las Relaciones Internacionales. En la actualidad existen métodos y técnicas de investigación, cuya correcta utilización, permitirán realizar investigacion...

  7. Inhibición in vitro de aislamientos nativos de Trichoderma en presencia de la cepa comercial T22

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Hernández – Ramírez

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Título en ingles: In vitro inhibition from native isolates of Trichoderma against commercial strain T22.  Título corto: Inhibición in vitro de aislamientos nativos Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar 14 aislamientos nativos del género Trichoderma (Tn obtenidos de la rizósfera del cultivo de caña de azúcar de acuerdo con su efecto de inhibición In vitro en cultivos duales contra la cepa comercial de Trichoderma harzianum (T22. Los aislamientos nativos con mayor índice de inhibición fueron los denominados Palma (T12 y Hubero (T11, con un valor de 2, mientras que T01, T04, T05 y T08 presentaron un valor de 1. Además, el mayor porcentaje de inhibición fue causado por el aislamiento T03, con una media de 92.32 ± 2.64%, sin diferencias estadísticas con los nativos T07, con un valor inhibición de 88.99 ± 1.46%, T01 87.93 ± 2.28%, y T12; 87.71 ± 3.16. En este caso, los aislamientos T07 y T12 mostraron capacidad inhibitoria con mayores atributos para su selección como agentes de control biológico. Al evaluar la tolerancia In vitro de los aislamientos nativos de Trichoderma a la actividad del agua (aw, se observó efecto significativo sobre el desarrollo micelial de los aislamientos de Trichoderma nativo evaluados. Los aislamientos T03 (7919.3 ± 932.53 y T12 (6388.2 ± 623.40 presentaron el mejor desarrollo radial. Estos resultados sugieren que los aislamientos T03 y T12 podrían desarrollarse mejor bajo condiciones de estrés hídrico. Por lo anterior, concluimos que los aislamientos T07 y T12, son los mejores candidatos como agentes inhibidores y se sugiere evaluarlos In vitro o invernadero contra el agente causal de la enfermedad del muermo rojo en caña de azúcar (Colletotrichum falcatum. Palabras clave: Control Biológico; tolerancia;  ompetencia; estrés hídrico; actividad de agua. Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate 14 native e Trichoderma genus isolates (Tn obtained from the rhyzosphere of

  8. Análisis y evaluación de la generación de iconos mentales en personas invidentes a partir de la percepción virtual táctil utilizando realidad virtual y sistemas hápticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raquel Espinosa Castañeda

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Las representaciones del espacio circundante para videntes e invidentes se definen mediante el proceso de la percepción sensorial. La percepción háptica (táctil no depende de la visual; a través del sentido del tacto activo es posible extraer la información necesaria para generar representaciones icónicas de los objetos. El presente trabajo de investigación evalúa y analiza el proceso de percepción virtual táctil para la construcción de iconos mentales de objetos tridimensionales explorados a través del Sistema CIGI (Cinematográfico Interactivo para Gente Invidente, el cual hace uso de tecnologías avanzadas en computación, realidad virtual y sistemas hápticos. El objetivo es analizar y entender la influencia de la percepción virtual táctil en la generación de iconos mentales en personas invidentes. Para lograr lo anterior, se utiliza una metodología experimental basada en las experiencias de exploración táctil de figuras geométricas 3D en un grupo de personas invidentes mediante el sistema CIGI. Los resultados demuestran que la construcción de iconos mentales a partir de percepciones virtuales táctiles es posible en personas invidentes.

  9. Aplicación de las técnicas fototérmicas al estudio de materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salazar, A.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available In this paper a general description of the photothermal techniques and its applications is presented. In particular, we concentrate our effort in those developed in our laboratory: infrared radiometry, photothermal reflectance and mirage effect. We also present their application to the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of a wide variety of materials and to the detection and characterization of subsurface features in opaque solids.

    En este trabajo presentamos una descripción detallada de las técnicas fototérmicas y de sus aplicaciones al estudio de materiales. En particular, nos vamos a centrar en aquellas técnicas desarrolladas en nuestro laboratorio: radiometría infrarroja, termorreflectancia y efecto “mirage”, junto con los resultados más importantes que hemos obtenido en el estudio de las propiedades térmicas de una amplia gama de materiales y en la detección y caracterización de defectos subsuperficiales en sólidos opacos.

  10. Comportamiento a fatiga térmica de la capa de anclaje de nuevas barreras térmicas cerámicas obtenidas mediante proyección por plasma atmosférico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pablo Carpio

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo de nuevos materiales cerámicos para aplicarlos en recubrimientos protectores frente a la temperatura, también conocidos como barreras térmicas (Thermal Barrier Coatings o TBC, es de gran interés para muchos sectores, entre los que destacan las industrias de generación de energía, aeronáutica y automovilística.  En este trabajo se realizó un estudio del comportamiento a fatiga térmica, centrado en la respuesta de uno de los componentes que constituyen una TBC: la capa de anclaje. Los distintos componentes de la TBC fueron depositados mediante la técnica de proyección térmica por plasma atmosférico (Atmospheric Plasma Spraying o APS. Se estudió la microestructura y la composición de la capa de anclaje a lo largo de los ciclos térmicos de estudio.

  11. Empleo de la ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cardiaca descompensada: dificultades técnicas y evolución clínica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Cobo Sánchez

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available La ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada se ha revelado como una posible estrategia terapéutica para pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada resistente a diuréticos. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la evolución clínica a corto-medio plazo de los pacientes sometidos a ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada y las incidencias técnicas/clínicas. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal prospectivo en pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en estadio III-IV de la New York Heart Association resistentes al tratamiento diurético. La ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada se realizó con el sistema Dedyca®, usando como acceso vascular un catéter venoso central. La tasa de ultrafiltración se iba ajustando en función de la tensión arterial del paciente. Para evaluar la evolución clínica se realizaron controles clínicos y analíticos antes y 1 mes después de las sesiones de ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada. Para evaluar las complicaciones técnicas/clínicas se revisaron los registros de enfermería. Resultados: Se estudiaros 6 pacientes, que realizaron una media de 2 sesiones, con una duración media de 5 horas y una ultrafiltración media de 2100cc por sesión. Respecto a las complicaciones técnicas, sólo un paciente presentó coagulación parcial delsistema. Ningún paciente presentó efectos adversos durante la ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada. Conclusiones: Tras la ultrafiltración extracorpórea aislada, aumenta la diuresis con la misma dosis de diurético e incluso con disminución progresiva. Es una técnica sencilla, sin complicaciones técnicas para enfermeras familiarizadas con técnicas de depuración extracorpórea.

  12. 26 CFR 1.103(n)-6T - Determinations of population (temporary).

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determinations of population (temporary). 1.103....103(n)-6T Determinations of population (temporary). Q-1: What is the proper method for determining population? A-1: All determinations of population must be made with respect to any calendar year on the basis...

  13. Differential substrate behaviours of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide towards human glutathione transferase theta hGSTT1-1.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Thier, R; Wiebel, F A; Bolt, H M

    1999-11-01

    The transformation of ethylene oxide (EO), propylene oxide (PO) and 1-butylene oxide (1-BuO) by human glutathione transferase theta (hGSTT1-1) was studied comparatively using 'conjugator' (GSTT1 + individuals) erythrocyte lysates. The relative sequence of velocity of enzymic transformation was PO > EO > 1-BuO. The faster transformation of PO compared to EO was corroborated in studies with human and rat GSTT1-1 (hGSTT1-1 and rGSTT1-1, respectively) expressed by Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. This sequence of reactivities of homologous epoxides towards GSTT1-1 contrasts to the sequence observed in homologous alkyl halides (methyl bromide, MBr; ethyl bromide, EtBr; n-propyl bromide, PrBr) where the relative sequence MeBr > EtBr > PrBr is observed. The higher reactivity towards GSTT1-1 of propylene oxide compared to ethylene oxide is consistent with a higher chemical reactivity. This is corroborated by experimental data of acid-catalysed hydrolysis of a number of aliphatic epoxides, including ethylene oxide and propylene oxide and consistent with semi-empirical molecular orbital modelings.

  14. Resistance to the Peptidyl Transferase Inhibitor Tiamulin Caused by Mutation of Ribosomal Protein L3

    OpenAIRE

    Bøsling, Jacob; Poulsen, Susan M.; Vester, Birte; Long, Katherine S.

    2003-01-01

    The antibiotic tiamulin targets the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and interacts at the peptidyl transferase center. Tiamulin-resistant Escherichia coli mutants were isolated in order to elucidate mechanisms of resistance to the drug. No mutations in the rRNA were selected as resistance determinants using a strain expressing only a plasmid-encoded rRNA operon. Selection in a strain with all seven chromosomal rRNA operons yielded a mutant with an A445G mutation in the gene coding for ri...

  15. Investigation of the 10B(n,t) reaction cross-section in the subthreshold energy region

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kornilov, N.V.; Balitskij, A.V.; Baryba, V.Ya.; Druzhnin, V.I.; Kagalenko, A.B.; Kharitonov, A.K.

    1991-01-01

    The 10 B(n,t) reaction cross-section has been measured at incident neutron energies of 0.025 eV, 420 KeV and 5 MeV. A detailed description of the experimental technique and the Monte Carlo simulation is given. It was confirmed that the cross-section of this reaction in the subthreshold region is non-zero. The recommended value of the 10 B(n,t) reaction cross-section at thermal is 8.5±2.0 mb. (author). 16 refs, 3 figs

  16. The effect of menadione on glutathione S-transferase A1 (GSTA1): c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) complex dissociation in human colonic adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Adnan, Humaira; Antenos, Monica; Kirby, Gordon M

    2012-10-02

    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) act as modulators of mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways via a mechanism involving protein-protein interactions. We have demonstrated that GSTA1 forms complexes with JNK and modifies JNK activation during cellular stress, but the factors that influence complex association and dissociation are unknown. We hypothesized that menadione causes dissociation of GSTA1-JNK complexes, activates JNK, and the consequences of menadione exposure depend on GSTA1 expression. We demonstrate that menadione causes GSTA1-JNK dissociation and JNK activation in preconfluent Caco-2 cells, whereas postconfluent cells are resistant to this effect. Moreover, preconfluent cells are more sensitive than postconfluent cells to menadione-induced cytotoxicity. Activation of JNK is transient since removal of menadione causes GSTA1 to re-associate with JNK reducing cytotoxicity. Over-expression and knockdown of GSTA1 did not alter JNK activation by menadione or sensitivity to menadione-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate that GSTA1-JNK complex integrity does not affect the ability of menadione to activate JNK. N-acetyl cysteine prevents GSH depletion and blocks menadione-induced complex dissociation, JNK activation and inhibits menadione-induced cytotoxicity. JNK activation and inhibits menadione-induced cytotoxicity. The data suggest that the mechanism of menadione-induced JNK activation involves the production of reactive oxygen species, likely superoxide anion, and intracellular GSH levels play an important role in preventing GSTA1-JNK complex dissociation, subsequent JNK activation and induction of cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  17. Evaluación de la técnica Western blot para la detección de antígenos de Hymenolepis nana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flora Chávez-Salas

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la técnica de inmunoelectrotransferencia (Western Blot para detectar los antígenos específicos de excreción/secreción de Hymenolepis nana en sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis y con otras helmintiosis confirmadas. Se utilizó a Mesocricetus auratus “hamster” para obtener ejemplares adultos de H. nana. Los antígenos de excreción/secreción fueron obtenidos en el medio MEM (Minimum Essential Medium Eagle, y enfrentados con un grupo de sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada para evaluar su calidad inmunológica y con sueros individuales de pacientes con himenolepiosis y con otras helmintiosis confirmadas para detectar mediante la técnica de “Western Blot”, los antígenos específicos de este cestode. El grupo de sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada reconoció las bandas antigénicas de 50,1; 42,6; 38,9; 32,9; 26,3; 22,4 y 18,6 kDa; sin embargo, los sueros individuales reconocieron diferente número de bandas, siendo la de 50,1 KDa la que fue reconocida por todos ellos. Los sueros de pacientes con helmintiosis confirmadas no reconocieron la banda de 50,1 kDa; sin embargo, dieron reacción cruzada con algunas de las demás bandas, a excepción de los sueros de pacientes con cisticercosis que no reconocieron a ninguna de las bandas de estos antígenos. Se concluye que el antígeno de excreción/secreción de H. nana de 50,1 kDa es específico de este cestode por ser reconocido por todos los sueros de pacientes con himenolepiosis confirmada y no por sueros de pacientes con otras helmintiosis utilizando la técnica de “Western Blot”.

  18. Identificación de mejores prácticas de calidad para el desarrollo de software para ser implementadas en los procesos de formación de la media técnica en programación - Alianza Futuro Digital Medellín

    OpenAIRE

    Raquejo Álvarez, Claudia Marcela

    2015-01-01

    Este proyecto centró la atención en la identificación de buenas prácticas de calidad para el desarrollo de software, centradas en el proceso y no en el producto de software, viables de ser incorporadas en la formación de los estudiantes de la media técnica en informática y programación en instituciones de educación básica y media pertenecientes a la Alianza Futuro Digital Medellín; esto con el fin de aportar elementos significativos en la formación técnica, que se verán reflejados en la calid...

  19. Effects of Deletion of the Streptococcus pneumoniae Lipoprotein Diacylglyceryl Transferase Gene lgt on ABC Transporter Function and on Growth In Vivo.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Chimalapati, S.; Cohen, J.M.; Camberlein, E.; Macdonald, N.; Durmort, C.; Vernet, T.; Hermans, P.W.M.; Mitchell, T.; Brown, J.S.

    2012-01-01

    Lipoproteins are an important class of surface associated proteins that have diverse roles and frequently are involved in the virulence of bacterial pathogens. As prolipoproteins are attached to the cell membrane by a single enzyme, prolipoprotein diacylglyceryl transferase (Lgt), deletion of the

  20. Restricted N-terminal truncation of cardiac troponin T: a novel mechanism for functional adaptation to energetic crisis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Feng, Han-Zhong; Biesiadecki, Brandon J; Yu, Zhi-Bin; Hossain, M Moazzem; Jin, J-P

    2008-07-15

    The N-terminal variable region of cardiac troponin T (TnT) is a regulatory structure that can be selectively removed during myocardial ischaemia reperfusion by mu-calpain proteolysis. Here we investigated the pathophysiological significance of this post-translational modification that removes amino acids 1-71 of cardiac TnT. Working heart preparations were employed to study rat acute myocardial infarction and transgenic mouse hearts over-expressing the N-terminal truncated cardiac TnT (cTnT-ND). Ex vivo myocardial infarction by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery induced heart failure and produced cTnT-ND not only in the infarct but also in remote zones, including the right ventricular free wall, indicating a whole organ response in the absence of systemic neurohumoral mechanisms. Left ventricular pressure overload in mouse working hearts produced increased cTnT-ND in both ventricles, suggesting a role of haemodynamic stress in triggering an acute whole organ proteolytic regulation. Transgenic mouse hearts in which the endogenous intact cardiac TnT was partially replaced by cTnT-ND showed lowered contractile velocity. When afterload increased from 55 mmHg to 90 mmHg, stroke volume decreased in the wild type but not in the transgenic mouse hearts. Correspondingly, the left ventricular rapid-ejection time of the transgenic mouse hearts was significantly longer than that of wild type hearts, especially at high afterload. The restricted deletion of the N-terminal variable region of cardiac troponin T demonstrates a novel mechanism by which the thin filament regulation adapts to sustain cardiac function under stress conditions.

  1. EOS9nT: A TOUGH2 module for the simulation of flow and solute/colloid transport

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moridis, G.J.; Wu, Y.S.; Pruess, K.

    1998-04-01

    EOS9nT is a new TOUGH2 module for the simulation of flow and transport of an arbitrary number n of tracers (solutes and/or colloids) in the subsurface. The module first solves the flow-related equations, which are comprised of (a) the Richards equation and, depending on conditions, may also include (b) the flow equation of a dense brine or aqueous suspension and/or (c) the heat equation. A second set of transport equations, corresponding to the n tracers, are then solved sequentially. The low concentrations of the n tracers are considered to have no effect on the liquid phase, thus making possible the decoupling of their equations. The first set of equations in EOS9nT provides the flow regime and account for fluid density variations due to thermal and/or solute concentration effects. The n tracer transport equations account for sorption, radioactive decay, advection, hydrodynamic dispersion, molecular diffusion, as well as filtration (for colloids only). EOS9nT can handle gridblocks or irregular geometry in three-dimensional domains. Preliminary results from four 1-D verification problems show an excellent agreement between the numerical predictions and the known analytical solutions

  2. The fractionation of t-RNA on N,N′-bis(3-aminopropyl)-piperazine substituted-Sepharose

    Science.gov (United States)

    Leberman, Reuben; Giovanelli, Ruth; Acosta, Zenobio

    1974-01-01

    An anion exchange agarose has been prepared by modifying sepharose 6B with N,N′-bis (-3-aminopropyl) piperazine. This material (BAPP-Sepharose) has been used for the fractionation of t-RNA from E.coli by column chromatography. The results obtained with gram quantities of crude t-RNA at pH 4.6 and pH 8.0 as measured by the elution patterns of alanyl, arginyl, aspartyl, leucyl, lysyl, methionyl, phenylalanyl, prolyl, seryl, tyrosyl, and valyl t-RNA are described. PMID:10793731

  3. Contrubución de la técnica del grupo focal al acercamiento a la percepción estudiantil sobre accesibilidad en el entorno universitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gross Martínez, Martha

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo describe la técnica de grupo focal utilizada en la investigación: “Accesibilidad en la permanencia de estudiantes con necesidades educativas asociadas o no a discapacidad: Sede Rodrigo Facio” de la Universidad de Costa Rica; cuyo objetivo general consistió en la elaboración de una guía de comprobación y buenas prácticas en el tema de accesibilidad, como un recurso que le permita a la comunidad universitaria dar respuesta a esta población y constituirse en insumo para la construcción de una universidad inclusiva. A partir de los grupos focales, se exploró la percepción estudiantil con necesidades educativas asociadas o no a discapacidad, sobre la accesibilidad en la vida universitaria; para ello esta se caracterizó y categorizó en tres dimensiones: accesibilidad al espacio físico, a la información y al proceso educativo. Esta técnica permitió que cada participante expresara sus percepciones, comentara su vivencia e interacción con el entorno universitario. Finalmente, se concluye que los grupos focales constituyen una técnica relevante de recolección de información en los procesos de investigación cualitativa, porque establecen un acercamiento personal, lo que la convierte en un recurso útil para conocer a esta población

  4. Reconstrucción del patrón de consumo eléctrico a partir de Big Data mediante técnica de MapReduce

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteban Inga Ortega

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available El trabajo presenta el rendimiento de la técnica de MapReduce para reconstruir la curva de carga a partir de una cantidad de información previamente almacenada proveniente de medición inteligente de energía eléctrica y considerada en la actualidad como Big Data. La gestión de información en la etapa de una red eléctrica inteligente considerada como Sistema de Gestión de Datos Medidos o MDMS necesita reducir los tiempos respecto de los reportes que se requieran en un determinado instante para toma de decisiones en relación a la respuesta de la demanda eléctrica. Por lo tanto, este trabajo propone el uso de MapReduce como técnica para conseguir información de la curva de carga en un tiempo adecuado para obtener tendencias y estadísticas relacionadas con el patrón de consumo eléctrico residencial.

  5. The association of glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphism with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma in a Pakistani population.

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Khan, M.I.; Micheal, S.; Akhtar, F.; Ahmed, W.; Ijaz, B.; Ahmed, A.; Qamar, R.

    2010-01-01

    PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of glutathione S-transferase GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEXG) in a group of Pakistani patients. METHODS: Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was used to study the GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms in

  6. Evaluación comparativa de técnicas de detección y descripción de puntos de interés en imágenes

    OpenAIRE

    Martín Redondo, Miguel

    2016-01-01

    Uno de los objetivos principales del proyecto ha sido elaborar un marco de evaluación de algoritmos de detección y descripción de puntos de interés que permitiese actualizar las referencias del estado del arte en este sentido. En base a dicho marco de evaluación propuesto, se ha definido el otro de los objetivos principales del proyecto, la realización de una evaluación comparativa de las técnicas de puntos de interés más relevantes en el estado del arte en la actualidad. Para ...

  7. Effect of rolling temperature on 12Kh18N10T steel tube hardening

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yushkevich, P.M.; Stepanovich, V.E.; Manankova, L.V.; Usenko, V.N.; Semenov, I.A.

    1984-01-01

    Mechanical properties and substructure of tubes at the constant reduction degree k(the ratio of deformation over wall thickness to deformation over diameter), depending on strain degree during cold and hot tube rolling, have been studied. The investigations are carried out using hot-rolled tubes with the dimensions 88x8 mm of 12Kh1hN10T steel. With the decrease of strain over the wall of the tube, produced of 12Kh18N10T steel as to strain over diameter the values of yield strength and ultimate strength increase with simultaneous decrease in ductility during warm rolling and yield strength and ultimate strength decrease with the increase in ductility-during cold rolling. During warm rolling of the tubes at 250 deg C the hardening of 12Kh18N10T steel is higher, than at the rolling temperature 150 deg C. The optimum temperature range of warm rolling is 120-150 deg C. Grain orientation in the metal of the tubes and degree of texture perfection increase with the temperature increase of the tube warm drolling as compared with col rolli

  8. Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions with Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) Fusion Proteins.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Einarson, Margret B; Pugacheva, Elena N; Orlinick, Jason R

    2007-08-01

    INTRODUCTIONGlutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins have had a wide range of applications since their introduction as tools for synthesis of recombinant proteins in bacteria. GST was originally selected as a fusion moiety because of several desirable properties. First and foremost, when expressed in bacteria alone, or as a fusion, GST is not sequestered in inclusion bodies (in contrast to previous fusion protein systems). Second, GST can be affinity-purified without denaturation because it binds to immobilized glutathione, which provides the basis for simple purification. Consequently, GST fusion proteins are routinely used for antibody generation and purification, protein-protein interaction studies, and biochemical analysis. This article describes the use of GST fusion proteins as probes for the identification of protein-protein interactions.

  9. Modelación númerica de procesos de esterilización térmica de alimentos usando volúmenes de control: Aproximación cilíndrica./Numerical simulation of thermal sterilization process of foods using control volumes: Cylindrical aproximation.

    OpenAIRE

    Ciro Velásquez, Héctor José; González, Carlos; García, Eduardo

    2009-01-01

    Un proceso de esterilización térmica de alimentos fue modelado usando la técnica de diferenciación finita aplicada a volúmenes de control. El modelo de simulación fue desarrollado en coordenadas cilíndricas con un ejemplo de aplicación tomando como referencia un producto cárnico (carne de res). Los resultados de la simulación mostraron que el algoritmo desarrollado es independiente de la red nodal seleccionada, permitiendo cuantificar las curvas de penetración de calor en el punto crítico del...

  10. Evaluation of the reliability of clinical staging of T2 N0 esophageal cancer: a review of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons database.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Crabtree, Traves D; Kosinski, Andrzej S; Puri, Varun; Burfeind, William; Bharat, Ankit; Patterson, G Alexander; Hofstetter, Wayne; Meyers, Bryan F

    2013-08-01

    Clinical staging of esophageal cancer has improved with positron-emission tomography/computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound imaging. Despite such progress, small single-center studies have questioned the reliability of clinical staging of T2 N0 esophageal cancer. This study broadly examines the adequacy of clinical staging of T2 N0 disease using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons database. We retrospectively studied 810 clinical stage T2 N0 patients from 2002 to 2011, with 58 excluded because of incomplete pathologic staging data. Clinical stage, pathologic stage, and preoperative characteristics were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with upstaging at the time of surgical intervention. Among 752 clinical stage T2 N0 patients, 270 (35.9%) received induction therapy before the operation. Of 482 patients who went directly to surgical intervention, 132 (27.4%) were confirmed as pathologic T2 N0, 125 (25.9%) were downstaged (ie, T0-1 N0), and 225 (46.7%) were upstaged at the operation (T3-4 N0 or Tany N1-3). Exclusive tumor upstaging (ie, pathologic T3-4 N0) accounted for 41 patients (18.2%), whereas exclusive nodal upstaging (ie, pathological T1-2 N1-3) accounted for 100 (44.5%). Combined tumor and nodal upstaging (ie, pathological T3-4 N1-3) accounted for 84 patients (37.3%). Among patients who received induction therapy, 103 (38.1%) were upstaged vs 225 (46.7%) without induction therapy (p = 0.026). Comparing the induction therapy group and the primary surgical group, postoperative 30-day mortality (3.7% vs 3.7%, p > 0.99) and morbidity (46.3% vs 45%, p = 0.76) were similar. Despite advances in staging techniques, clinical staging of T2 N0 esophageal cancer remains unreliable. Recognizing T2 N0 as a threshold for induction therapy in esophageal cancer, many surgeons have opted to treat T2 N0 disease with induction therapy, even though one-quarter of these patients will be pathologic T1 N0. Although this study

  11. Problemas en los estudios de ventilación de túneles de carretera

    OpenAIRE

    Mochón Castro, Luis Manuel; Hernández, Julio; Crespo Martínez, Antonio; Alarcón Álvarez, Enrique

    1994-01-01

    En España el esfuerzo para la articulación del territorio mediante vías de comunicación y transporte se ha visto incrementado enormemente en los últimos años. En las nuevas carreteras las exigencias de confort y seguridad se reflejan en la menor dependencia que el trazado presenta respecto a la topografía del terreno lo que a su vez implica la multiplicación del número de obras de ingeniería civil como puentes y túneles. Entre éstos últimos, por las mismas razones, se observa un incremento e...

  12. Differential roles of tau class glutathione S-transferases in oxidative stress

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kilili, Kimiti G; Atanassova, Neli; Vardanyan, Alla

    2004-01-01

    The plant glutathione S-transferase BI-GST has been identified as a potent inhibitor of Bax lethality in yeast, a phenotype associated with oxidative stress and disruption of mitochondrial functions. Screening of a tomato two-hybrid library for BI-GST interacting proteins identified five homologous...... Tau class GSTs, which readily form heterodimers between them and BI-GST. All six LeGSTUs were found to be able to protect yeast cells from prooxidant-induced cell death. The efficiency of each LeGSTU was prooxidant-specific, indicating a different role for each LeGSTU in the oxidative stress......-response mechanism. The prooxidant protective effect of all six proteins was suppressed in the absence of YAP1, a transcription factor that regulates hydroperoxide homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting a role for the LeGSTUs in the context of the YAP1-dependent stress-responsive machinery...

  13. Incorporación de materiales de cambio de fase en placas de yeso para almacenamiento de energía térmica mediante calor latente: caracterización térmica del material mediante la técnica DSC

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oliver, A.

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC is a thermal analysis technique which has been used for more than three decades to measure the temperatures and heat flows associated with transitions in materials as a function of time. Other techniques, are Differential Thermal Analysis DTA and Conventional Calorimetry. There is great uncertainty in the values supplied by the manufacturers (because they are referred to pure substances and the DSC should be used to get more accurate values. It will be analyzed the thermal storage capacity depending on temperature for several compound materials formed by some aggregates, mainly gypsum and phase change materials, in various proportions. The results have been compared with other building materials such as gypsum boards and brick layer. The suitability of the new construction material for thermal energy storage will be assessed in comparison with other materials traditionally used for this purpose.

    La Calorimetría Diferencial de Barrido es una técnica de análisis térmico, usada desde hace décadas, para medir la entalpía asociada al cambio de fase de un material como función del tiempo y de la temperatura. Otras técnicas menos utilizadas son la Calorimetría Convencional el Análisis Térmico Diferencial. Existe una gran incertidumbre en los valores de propiedades suministrados por los fabricantes (puesto que éstos se refieren a las sustancias puras y es conveniente utilizar DSC para tener valores más exactos. Se va a analizar la capacidad de almacenamiento térmico en función de la temperatura de varios materiales compuestos formados por los mismos agregados -principalmente yeso y material de cambio de fase- en distintas proporciones. Los valores obtenidos se comparan con otros materiales constructivos, yeso laminado y ladrillo. También se verifica la idoneidad del nuevo material constructivo para el almacenamiento de energía térmica frente a otros materiales utilizados

  14. PD-L1 Expression Induced by the 2009 Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1 Virus Impairs the Human T Cell Response

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nuriban Valero-Pacheco

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available PD-L1 expression plays a critical role in the impairment of T cell responses during chronic infections; however, the expression of PD-L1 on T cells during acute viral infections, particularly during the pandemic influenza virus (A(H1N1pdm09, and its effects on the T cell response have not been widely explored. We found that A(H1N1pdm09 virus induced PD-L1 expression on human dendritic cells (DCs and T cells, as well as PD-1 expression on T cells. PD-L1 expression impaired the T cell response against A(H1N1pdm09 by promoting CD8+ T cell death and reducing cytokine production. Furthermore, we found increased PD-L1 expression on DCs and T cells from influenza-infected patients from the first and second 2009 pandemic waves in Mexico City. PD-L1 expression on CD8+ T cells correlated inversely with T cell proportions in patients infected with A(H1N1pdm09. Therefore, PD-L1 expression on DCs and T cells could be associated with an impaired T cell response during acute infection with A(H1N1pdm09 virus.

  15. Eliminación renal de flúor tras la aplicación de productos tópicos fluorados utilizados en la prevención de caries dental en el niño

    OpenAIRE

    García Hoyos, Felisa

    2007-01-01

    INTRODUCCIÓN: La utilización tópica de fluoruros es probablemente la medida más extendida para la prevención de la caries dental. Se ha demostrado que parte del flúor administrado tópicamente pasa a vías sistémicas, bien por tragado del mismo o por absorción en la mucosa oral. El flúor que es digerido circulará por el torrente sanguineo y será eliminado fundamentalmene por la orina. Este flúor sistémico es muy poco eficaz como elemento preventivo de la caries. OBJETIVOS: Este estudio pretend...

  16. Glutathione transferase (GST) as a candidate molecular-based biomarker for soil toxin exposure in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    LaCourse, E. James; Hernandez-Viadel, Mariluz; Jefferies, James R.; Svendsen, Claus; Spurgeon, David J.; Barrett, John; John Morgan, A.; Kille, Peter; Brophy, Peter M.

    2009-01-01

    The earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister, 1843) is a terrestrial pollution sentinel. Enzyme activity and transcription of phase II detoxification superfamily glutathione transferases (GST) is known to respond in earthworms after soil toxin exposure, suggesting GST as a candidate molecular-based pollution biomarker. This study combined sub-proteomics, bioinformatics and biochemical assay to characterise the L. rubellus GST complement as pre-requisite to initialise assessment of the applicability of GST as a biomarker. L. rubellus possesses a range of GSTs related to known classes, with evidence of tissue-specific synthesis. Two affinity-purified GSTs dominating GST protein synthesis (Sigma and Pi class) were cloned, expressed and characterised for enzyme activity with various substrates. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) following SDS-PAGE were superior in retaining subunit stability relative to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). This study provides greater understanding of Phase II detoxification GST superfamily status of an important environmental pollution sentinel organism. - This study currently provides the most comprehensive view of the Phase II detoxification enzyme superfamily of glutathione transferases within the important environmental pollution sentinel earthworm Lumbricus rubellus.

  17. Glutathione transferase (GST) as a candidate molecular-based biomarker for soil toxin exposure in the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    LaCourse, E. James, E-mail: james.la-course@liverpool.ac.u [Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA (United Kingdom); Hernandez-Viadel, Mariluz; Jefferies, James R. [Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA (United Kingdom); Svendsen, Claus; Spurgeon, David J. [Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Huntingdon PE28 2LS (United Kingdom); Barrett, John [Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA (United Kingdom); John Morgan, A.; Kille, Peter [Biosciences, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3TL (United Kingdom); Brophy, Peter M. [Institute of Biological, Environmental, and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA (United Kingdom)

    2009-08-15

    The earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister, 1843) is a terrestrial pollution sentinel. Enzyme activity and transcription of phase II detoxification superfamily glutathione transferases (GST) is known to respond in earthworms after soil toxin exposure, suggesting GST as a candidate molecular-based pollution biomarker. This study combined sub-proteomics, bioinformatics and biochemical assay to characterise the L. rubellus GST complement as pre-requisite to initialise assessment of the applicability of GST as a biomarker. L. rubellus possesses a range of GSTs related to known classes, with evidence of tissue-specific synthesis. Two affinity-purified GSTs dominating GST protein synthesis (Sigma and Pi class) were cloned, expressed and characterised for enzyme activity with various substrates. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) following SDS-PAGE were superior in retaining subunit stability relative to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). This study provides greater understanding of Phase II detoxification GST superfamily status of an important environmental pollution sentinel organism. - This study currently provides the most comprehensive view of the Phase II detoxification enzyme superfamily of glutathione transferases within the important environmental pollution sentinel earthworm Lumbricus rubellus.

  18. Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Free Energy Simulations of the Glutathione S-Transferase (M1-1) Reaction with Phenanthrene 9,10-Oxide

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Ridder, L.; Rietjens, I.M.C.M.; Vervoort, J.J.M.; Mulholland, A.J.

    2002-01-01

    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in the detoxification of xenobiotics in mammals. They catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to a wide range of electrophilic compounds. Phenanthrene 9,10-oxide is a model substrate for GSTs, representing an important group of epoxide

  19. Activity-Based Probes for Isoenzyme- and Site-Specific Functional Characterization of Glutathione S -Transferases

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stoddard, Ethan G. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Killinger, Bryan J. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Nair, Reji N. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Sadler, Natalie C. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Volk, Regan F. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Purvine, Samuel O. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Shukla, Anil K. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Smith, Jordan N. [Chemical Biology and Exposure; Wright, Aaron T. [Chemical Biology and Exposure

    2017-11-01

    Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) comprise a highly diverse family of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes whose shared function is the conjugation of reduced glutathione to various endo- and xenobiotics. Although the conglomerate activity of these enzymes can be measured by colorimetric assays, measurement of the individual contribution from specific isoforms and their contribution to the detoxification of xenobiotics in complex biological samples has not been possible. For this reason, we have developed two activity-based probes that characterize active glutathione transferases in mammalian tissues. The GST active site is comprised of a glutathione binding “G site” and a distinct substrate binding “H site”. Therefore, we developed (1) a glutathione-based photoaffinity probe (GSH-ABP) to target the “G site”, and (2) a probe designed to mimic a substrate molecule and show “H site” activity (GST-ABP). The GSH-ABP features a photoreactive moiety for UV-induced covalent binding to GSTs and glutathione-binding enzymes. The GST-ABP is a derivative of a known mechanism-based GST inhibitor that binds within the active site and inhibits GST activity. Validation of probe targets and “G” and “H” site specificity was carried out using a series of competitors in liver homogenates. Herein, we present robust tools for the novel characterization of enzyme- and active site-specific GST activity in mammalian model systems.

  20. Evaluación de técnicas no destructivas en elementos de concreto para puentes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo Alfredo Cruz

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluaron las técnicas no destructivas de Velocidad de Pulso Ultrasónico (VPU, termografía infrarroja y martillo de rebote para su aplicación en elementos de puentes de concreto y para determinar su posible aplicación in situ. El estudio se desarrolló en dos etapas: diseño y elaboración de los elementos representativos de un puente de concreto y aplicación de los ensayos no destructivos sobre estos. La técnica de VPU mostró gran capacidad para evaluar la homogeneidad y calidad de la matriz de concreto, con baja sensibilidad para identificar los daños en los refuerzos. La termografía infrarroja permitió la identificación de delaminaciones ubicadas a profundidades de hasta el 50% del espesor de la losa evaluada. Con los resultados del martillo de rebote se estimó la resistencia a la compresión del concreto de las losas, cuyas lecturas obtenidas fueron afectadas por la presencia de agregado grueso.

  1. Acute cadmium intoxication induces alpha-class glutathione S-transferase protein synthesis and enzyme activity in rat liver

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Casalino, Elisabetta; Sblano, Cesare; Calzaretti, Giovanna; Landriscina, Clemente

    2006-01-01

    Acute cadmium intoxication affects glutathione S-transferase (GST) in rat liver. It has been found that 24 h after i.p. cadmium administration to rats, at a dose of 2.5 mg CdCl 2 kg -1 body weight, the activity of this enzyme in liver cytosol increased by 40%. A less stimulatory effect persisted till 48 h and thereafter the enzyme activity normalized. Since, GST isoenzymes belong to different classes in mammalian tissues, we used quantitative immunoassays to verify which family of GST isoenzymes is influenced by this intoxication. Only alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (α-GST) proteins were detected in rat liver cytosol and their level increased by about 25%, 24 h after cadmium treatment. No pi-GST isoforms were found in liver cytosol from either normal or cadmium-treated rats. Co-administration of actinomycin D with cadmium normalized both the protein level and the activity of α-GST, suggesting that some effect occurs on enzyme transcription of these isoenzymes by this metal. On the other hand, it seems unlikely that the stimulatory effect is due to the high level of peroxides caused by lipid peroxidation, since Vitamin E administration strongly reduced the TBARS level, but did not cause any GST activity decrease

  2. Benzene exposure assessed by metabolite excretion in Estonian oil shale mineworkers: influence of glutathione s-transferase polymorphisms

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Sørensen, Mette; Poole, Jason; Autrup, Herman

    2004-01-01

    Measurement of urinary excretion of the benzene metabolites S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA) has been proposed for assessing benzene exposure, in workplaces with relatively high benzene concentrations. Excretion of S-PMA and t,t-MA in underground workers...... the last shift of the week. Personal benzene exposure was 114 +/- 35 mug/m(3) in surface workers (n = 15) and 190 +/- 50 mug/m(3) in underground workers (n = 15) in measurements made prior to the study. We found t,t-MA excretion to be significantly higher in underground workers after the end of shifts 1...... of benzene metabolites as biomarkers for assessment of exposure at modest levels and warrant for further investigations of health risks of occupational benzene exposure in shale oil mines....

  3. Muestreo adaptativo aplicado a la robótica: Revisión del estado de la técnica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ignacio Pastor

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen: En este artículo se presenta la revisión de una técnica de muestreo de especial interés para aplicaciones a sistemas roboticos dedicados a la teledetección. Esta técnica es conocida como muestreo adaptativo. En este artículo se realiza una recopilación de las principales técnicas de muestreo adaptativo aplicados a la robótica, haciendo uso de la planificación de trayectorias. Finalmente, se destaca un conjunto de proyectos actualmente en desarrollo, sobre aplicaciones reales de la técnica de muestreo adaptativo en la robótica. Abstract: In this paper, a robotics sampling methodology known as Adaptive Sampling (AS is reviewed. Although the method is not yet widespread in robotics, it plays an important role in remote sensing applications over rapidly changing environments. This article gives an introduction to AS and summarizes the main AS techniques and algorithms applied to robotics. Finally, a number of projects currently under development using AS to solve relevant monitoring or sampling issues, are highlighted. Palabras clave: Robots de exteriores, Muestreo adaptativo, Teledetección, Planificación de trayectorias, Cobertura Óptima, Keywords: Field robotics, Adaptive sampling, Remote sensing, Path planning, Optimal coverage

  4. Serum glutathione transferase does not respond to indole-3-carbinol: A pilot study

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel R McGrath

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available Daniel R McGrath1, Hamid Frydoonfar2, Joshua J Hunt3, Chris J Dunkley3, Allan D Spigelman41Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, UK; 2Hunter Pathology Service, New South Wales; 3Royal Newcastle Centre, Newcastle; 4St Vincent’s Clinical School, Sydney, AustraliaBackground: Despite the well recognized protective effect of cruciferous vegetables against various cancers, including human colorectal cancers, little is known about how this effect is conferred. It is thought that some phytochemicals found only in these vegetables confer the protection. These compounds include the glucosinolates, of which indole-3-carbinol is one. They are known to induce carcinogen-metabolizing (phase II enzymes, including the glutathione S-transferase (GST family. Other effects in humans are not well documented. We wished to assess the effect of indole-3-carbinol on GST enzymes.Methods: We carried out a placebo-controlled human volunteer study. All patients were given 400 mg daily of indole-3-carbinol for three months, followed by placebo. Serum samples were tested for the GSTM1 genotype by polymerase chain reaction. Serum GST levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western Blot methodologies.Results: Forty-nine volunteers completed the study. GSTM1 genotypes were obtained for all but two volunteers. A slightly greater proportion of volunteers were GSTM1-positive, in keeping with the general population. GST was detected in all patients. Total GST level was not affected by indole-3-carbinol dosing compared with placebo. Although not statistically significant, the GSTM1 genotype affected the serum GST level response to indole-3-carbinol.Conclusion: Indole-3-carbinol does not alter total serum GST levels during prolonged dosing.Keywords: pilot study, colorectal cancer, glutathione transferase, human, indole-3-carbinol

  5. Ekmeklik Buğdayların Kalitelerinin Belirlenmesinde Miksograf Kullanımı Üzerine Araştırmalar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ayhan Atlı

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available Bu araştırmanın amacı miksograf cihazından elde edilen bulguların diğer kalite kriterleri ile ilişkisini saptamak ve miksografın kalite değerlendirmesinde ne derecede etkili olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırmada miksograf bulgularının zayıf ve kuvvetli kalitedeki çeşitleri birbirinden ayıracak özellikte olduğu ve çeşitli kalite kriterleri ile önemli düzeyde korelasyon gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, miksograf ile kalite belirlemede en etkili kriterlerin kurve yüksekliği, maksimum konsistens ve alan değerleri olduğu saptanmıştır.

  6. Cancer of the urinary bladder category T2, T3, (N/sub x/M/sub o/) treated by interstitial radium implant: second report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Werf-Messing, B.; Menon, R.S.; Hop, W.C.J.

    1983-01-01

    Three-hundred-twenty-eight patients with bladder cancer category T 2 N/sub x/M/sub o/ have been treated by 3 times 3.5 Gy external irradiation followed by a radium implant. Overall 5- and 10-year survival in the T 2 category are 56% adn 37%. In the T 3 category they are 39% adn 13%, respectively. The intercurrent death (i.e. without evidence of bladder malignancy) corrected acuarial survival percentage in the T 2 category is 75% at 5 years and 69% at 10 years. The corresponding percentages in the T 3 category are 62% and 59%. Prognosis is worsened by the following factors: more than 1 diagnostic transurethral resection, a pathological intravenous pyelography, non-papillary structure and poor degree of differentiation of the growth. Prognosis in category T 3 , as compared with category T 2 , is worse because of the prevalence of bad prognosticators in this T 3 category. Therapeutic adaptation to thesse findings might improve prognosis in the future

  7. Análisis y estudio de las técnicas de compresión de datos para la integración de la tecnología PDH/SDH sobre redes ethernet e implementación de un algoritmo de compresión mediante software de simulación

    OpenAIRE

    Gálvez Castillo, Juan Carlos; Morocho Vallejo, Luis Roberto

    2010-01-01

    El presente Proyecto de Grado, titulado: Análisis y estudio de las técnicas de compresión de datos para la integración de la tecnología PDH/SDH sobre redes Ethernet e implementación de un algoritmo de compresión mediante software de simulación, comprende un estudio investigativo de las características, ventajas y desventajas de las técnicas de compresión de datos, comprende también de la implementación de un algoritmo de compresión que demuestre mediante un software de simulación dichas venta...

  8. Nuestra técnica de colgajo miocutáneo de pectoral mayor para reconstrucción de defectos cervicales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roser García-Avellana

    Full Text Available Resumen Introducción y Objetivos Las técnicas actuales para reconstrucción de cabeza y cuello se basan principalmente en colgajos libres, fasciocutáneos o viscerales según el defecto. La evolución de la microcirugía ha relegado a un segundo plano a los colgajos pediculados. El colgajo miocutáneo pediculado de pectoral mayor ha sido uno de los más empleados hasta que se ha extendido el uso de los colgajos libres. Las desventajas que presenta, tales como su volumen o sus secuelas funcionales y estéticas, son responsables de su desuso actual. Presentamos una modificación de la técnica clásica del pectoral mayor para minimizar sus desventajas. Material y Método Hacemos una descripción técnica de la modificación desarrollada por Márquez-Cañada del colgajo de pectoral mayor para reconstrucción de defectos cervicales y un estudio descriptivo sobre un grupo de pacientes sometidos a la misma. Resultados Recogimos 6 casos, 5 varones y 1 mujer (edad media de 52.5 años, en los que se empleó la técnica descrita. El defecto más frecuente (66.7% fue el faringostoma secundario a laringuectomía total y vaciamiento cervical por carcinoma epidermoide de laringe. Tiempo medio entre intervenciones quirúrgicas de 5 semanas. En 2 casos hubo como complicación serohematoma en zona donante tras el primer tiempo quirúrgico, No hubo pérdida de injertos ni necrosis, fístulas o estenosis secundarias. Resultado estético aceptable; los pacientes conservaron movilidad completa del brazo. Conclusiones Observamos una reducción en el número de complicaciones respecto del uso del pectoral mayor clásico y los colgajos libres Creemos que la modificación técnica que presentamos, por su reproducibilidad y su baja tasa de complicaciones, podría emplearse en reconstrucción de cuello como colgajo de elección en pacientes de alto riesgo, no candidatos a técnicas microquirúrgicas.

  9. Comparación de efectividad de las técnicas de educción de requisitos software: visión novel y experta Comparison on effectiveness of the software requirements elicitation techniques: novice and expert vision

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dante Carrizo Moreno

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available La Ingeniería de Requisitos puede hacer uso de una gran cantidad de técnicas para educir las necesidades de los usuarios. No obstante, apenas existen guías y criterios prácticos para realizar la selección de técnicas en un proyecto de desarrollo de software. Este artículo intenta conocer la visión que tienen los ingenieros de requisitos noveles acerca de la efectividad de las técnicas de educción y compararlas con la visión de expertos en requisitos. Para efectuar la comparación se utiliza la técnica de emparrillado que permite conocer indirectamente la opinión de los sujetos respecto de las técnicas. Los resultados muestran una sustancial diferencia entre ambas visiones respecto a la efectividad de las técnicas y contexto de la educción. Esto implica que una más amplia formación, y principalmente práctica, es necesaria para que los ingenieros noveles puedan reconocer diferencias de efectividad de las técnicas y poder decidir con mayor certeza sobre las técnicas más adecuadas a utilizar en las sesiones de educción de requisitos.Requirements engineering can use a lot of techniques to gather the users' needs. However, currently there are few practical guidelines and criteria for selecting techniques in a software development project. This paper tries to know the vision that novice requirements engineers have about the effectiveness of requirements elicitation techniques and compare it with the requirements experts' vision. To carry out the comparison, repertory grid technique was used. This technique allows knowing indirectly the subject's opinion on the techniques. The results show a substantial difference between both visions with regard to the techniques and elicitation context. This implies that a more extensive training, and primarily practice, is necessary in order for novice engineers to recognize differences in techniques effectiveness and decide with greater certainty about the most appropriate techniques to use in

  10. Discriminación de reacciones simultáneas por espectrometría de masa en la descomposición térmica de carbonatos básicos de níquel y de cobalto

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio C. Llópiz-Yurell

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Se determinaron, por espectrometría de masa y termogravimetría convencional, los parámetros y modelos cinéticos de los procesos de salida de agua y dióxido de carbono en la descomposición térmica de carbonatos básicos de níquel y de cobalto. Se demostró la ventaja de la espectrometría de masa para individualizar la cinética de procesos complejos de descomposición térmica, cuando las reacciones ocurren simultáneamente y de forma competitiva en un intervalo de temperatura. Se estudió además la cinética de la descomposición térmica del carbonato de calcio por ambas técnicas para comparar los resultados. Se observó la semejanza entre los resultados de las dos técnicas, en cuanto a modelo y parámetros cinéticos, cuando ocurre un proceso único durante la trasformación de la muestra, como en el carbonato de calcio, mientras que para los carbonatos básicos de níquel y de cobalto en la salida de agua y dióxido de carbono, que son reacciones simultáneas en el mismo intervalo de temperatura y además son competitivas, los valores de los parámetros cinéticos difieren notablemente de los obtenidos por el análisis termogravimétrico, que no puede discriminar la cinética de ambos procesos, aunque el modelo cinético resultó el mismo por ambas técnicas.

  11. Expression of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein, glutathione-S-transferase pi and p53 in canine transmissible venereal tumor

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel G. Gerardi

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available The overexpression of proteins P-glycoprotein (P-gp, multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1, mutant p53, and the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GSTpi are related to resistance to chemotherapy in neoplasms. This study evaluated the expression of these markers by immunohistochemistry in two groups of canine TVT, without history of prior chemotherapy (TVT1, n=9 and in TVTs presented unsatisfactory clinical response to vincristine sulfate (TVT2, n=5. The percentage of specimens positively stained for P-gp, MRP1, GSTpi and p53 were, respectively 88.8%, 0%, 44.5% and 22.2% in TVT1 and 80%, 0%, 80% and 0% in TVT2. In TVT1, one specimen presented positive expression for three markers and four specimens for two markers. In TVT2, three specimens expressed P-gp and GSTpi. In conclusion, the canine TVTs studied expressed the four markers evaluated, but just P-gp and GSTpi were significantly expressed, mainly at cytoplasm and cytoplasm and nuclei, respectively, either before chemotherapy as after vincristine sulfate exposure. Future studies are needed to demonstrate the function of these two markers in conferring multidrug resistance (MDR or predict the response to chemotherapy in canine TVT.

  12. The Genetic Architecture of Murine Glutathione Transferases.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lu Lu

    Full Text Available Glutathione S-transferase (GST genes play a protective role against oxidative stress and may influence disease risk and drug pharmacokinetics. In this study, massive multiscalar trait profiling across a large population of mice derived from a cross between C57BL/6J (B6 and DBA2/J (D2--the BXD family--was combined with linkage and bioinformatic analyses to characterize mechanisms controlling GST expression and to identify downstream consequences of this variation. Similar to humans, mice show a wide range in expression of GST family members. Variation in the expression of Gsta4, Gstt2, Gstz1, Gsto1, and Mgst3 is modulated by local expression QTLs (eQTLs in several tissues. Higher expression of Gsto1 in brain and liver of BXD strains is strongly associated (P < 0.01 with inheritance of the B6 parental allele whereas higher expression of Gsta4 and Mgst3 in brain and liver, and Gstt2 and Gstz1 in brain is strongly associated with inheritance of the D2 parental allele. Allele-specific assays confirmed that expression of Gsto1, Gsta4, and Mgst3 are modulated by sequence variants within or near each gene locus. We exploited this endogenous variation to identify coexpression networks and downstream targets in mouse and human. Through a combined systems genetics approach, we provide new insight into the biological role of naturally occurring variants in GST genes.

  13. Nanomateriales en técnicas de extracción para análisis químico

    OpenAIRE

    Ortuño Hellin, Laura

    2017-01-01

    Hoy en día existen numerosas modalidades de preparación de la muestra, siendo la extracción líquido-líquido (Liquid-Liquid Extraction, LLE) o en fase sólida (Solid-Phase Extraction, SPE) dos de las más empleadas. Sin embargo, estas técnicas son incompatibles con las nuevas tendencias de la Química Analítica Ecológica (QAE). Por una parte, requieren de la utilización de grandes cantidades de muestra y de reactivos orgánicos, en muchas ocasiones peligrosos y/o tóxicos. Por otra, son procedimien...

  14. Legislación y normas técnicas de accesibilidad en tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Normand, Loïc; Caraça-Valente Hernández, Juan Pedro

    2008-01-01

    Dentro de los instrumentos que posee la sociedad para lograrla inclusión de todas las personas destacan la legislación y las normas técnicas. En este capítulo se recopilan actividades legislativas y de normalizaciones, tanto internacionales como nacionales para promover una sociedad de la información inclusiva para todos. Dentro de las acciones legislativas destacan la sección 508 del Acta de Rehabilitación de Estados Unidos, los planes eEuropa de la Unión Europea y las leyes españolas de Ser...

  15. La fotografía en la inspección técnico policial

    OpenAIRE

    Albacete Carreño, Alberto; Cañamero Alvarado, M. Cristina

    2010-01-01

    Dentro de la investigación técnico-policial, la fotografía es algo más que un mero referente documental, se convierte en un método eficiente de conservación de pruebas y de archivo visual, donde podemos hallar vestigios a los que �en la primera inspección ocular� no se les dio la suficiente importancia. Una manera de conservar de una forma objetiva detalles que la memoria visual del hombre, con el paso del tiempo, distorsiona o construye por la influencia psicoambiental.

  16. [Position statements regarding usage of biosimilars of Epoetins. Position paper of the Société de néphrologie, Société francophone de dialyse, and Société de néphrologie pédiatrique].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bouchet, Jean-Louis; Brunet, Philippe; Canaud, Bernard; Chanliau, Jacques; Combe, Christian; Deray, Gilbert; Houillier, Pascal; Kourilsky, Olivier; Ledneva, Elena; Niaudet, Patrick; Ortiz, Jean-Paul; Pavlovic, Mira; Ryckelynck, Jean-Philippe; Singlas, Eric; Verhelst, David

    2009-02-01

    The European patents for epoetin alpha recently expired. Biosimilars (i.e. "a medicine which is similar to a biological medicine that has already been authorized" [EMEA 2007]) of epoetins have thus been released on the market in Europe. Because of the complexity of the processes that are required to produce medicinal products containing biotechnology-derived proteins as active substances and to characterize the physicochemical properties of these compounds, the guidelines that have been developed for generic drugs cannot be used for approval of biosimilar products. The EMEA guidelines do not answer all questions that have been raised for the development of biosimilars, and in some cases, decisions will have to be taken at a national level. This is why the Society of Nephrology (Société de néphrologie), the French-speaking Society of Dialysis (Société francophone de dialyse) and the Pediatric Society of Nephrology (Société de néphrologie pédiatrique) established guidelines for the usage of biosimilar epoetins concerning approval, identification, substitution of an innovator drug, post-marketing surveillance, extension of indication and pharmacovigilance plan.

  17. Density and viscosity of aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylethanolamine at p = 0.1 MPa from T = (293.15 to 363.15) K

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bernal-Garcia, J. Manuel [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico D.F. C.P. 07330 (Mexico); Hall, Kenneth R. [Chemical Engineering Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Estrada-Baltazar, Alejandro [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya, Celaya, Guanajuato, CP 38010 (Mexico); Iglesias-Silva, Gustavo A. [Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Instituto Tecnologico de Celaya, Celaya, Guanajuato, CP 38010 (Mexico)]. E-mail: gais@iqcelaya.itc.mx

    2005-08-15

    This work presents atmospheric density and viscosity values for (N,N-dimethylethanolamine + water) over the entire composition range from T (293.15 to 363.15) K for density and from T = (313.15 to 353.15) K for viscosity. Density measurements come from a vibrating tube densimeter while we have used three different Cannon-Fenske viscosimeters for the viscosity measurements. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations are calculated using a Redlich-Kister type equation. Excess molar volumes present negative deviations from ideality and viscosity deviations are positive at all temperatures and compositions in this work.

  18. Density and viscosity of aqueous solutions of N,N-dimethylethanolamine at p = 0.1 MPa from T = (293.15 to 363.15) K

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bernal-Garcia, J. Manuel; Hall, Kenneth R.; Estrada-Baltazar, Alejandro; Iglesias-Silva, Gustavo A.

    2005-01-01

    This work presents atmospheric density and viscosity values for (N,N-dimethylethanolamine + water) over the entire composition range from T (293.15 to 363.15) K for density and from T = (313.15 to 353.15) K for viscosity. Density measurements come from a vibrating tube densimeter while we have used three different Cannon-Fenske viscosimeters for the viscosity measurements. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations are calculated using a Redlich-Kister type equation. Excess molar volumes present negative deviations from ideality and viscosity deviations are positive at all temperatures and compositions in this work

  19. Çevresel faktörlerin siyahi alaca sığırda sütün protein kompoziyonuna etkileri

    OpenAIRE

    Çardak, Ayşe Deniz

    2008-01-01

    Çalısmada Siyah-Alaca sıgırlarda sütün protein içerigi ve komposizyonuna mevsim, laktasyon sayısı, laktasyon dönemi ve somatik hücre sayısının (SHS) etkileri arastırılmıstır. Laktasyon boyunca toplanan süt örneklerinde protein fraksiyonları Poliakrilamid-Jel-Elektroforezi’nde ayrılmıs ve densitometre yardımıyla her bir protein fraksiyonunun içerigi belirlenmistir. Sütün protein içerigine mevsim, laktasyon dönemi ve SHS’nın etkileri önemli bulunmustur. aS1-kazein (-Cn) içerigine me...

  20. Residual pathological stage at radical cystectomy significantly impacts outcomes for initial T2N0 bladder cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Isbarn, Hendrik; Karakiewicz, Pierre I; Shariat, Shahrokh F; Capitanio, Umberto; Palapattu, Ganesh S; Sagalowsky, Arthur I; Lotan, Yair; Schoenberg, Mark P; Amiel, Gilad E; Lerner, Seth P; Sonpavde, Guru

    2009-08-01

    We hypothesized that in patients with T2N0 stage disease at transurethral bladder tumor resection a lower residual cancer stage (P1N0 or less) at radical cystectomy may correlate with improved outcomes relative to those with residual P2N0 disease. We analyzed 208 patients with T2N0 stage disease at transurethral bladder tumor resection whose tumors were organ confined at radical cystectomy (P2 or lower, pN0). None received perioperative chemotherapy. Kaplan-Meier as well as univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed the effect of residual pT stage at radical cystectomy on recurrence and cancer specific mortality rates. Covariates consisted of age, gender, grade, lymphovascular invasion, carcinoma in situ, number of lymph nodes removed and year of surgery. Residual pT stage at radical cystectomy was P0 in 24 (11.5%) patients, Pa in 9 (4.3%), PCIS in 22 (10.6%), P1 in 35 (16.8%) and P2 in 118 (56.7%). Median followup of censored patients was 55.7 months for recurrence and 52.1 months for cancer specific mortality analyses. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates of patients with P0/Pa/PCIS, P1 and P2 stage disease were 100%, 85% and 75%, respectively. The 5-year cancer specific survival rates for the same cohorts were 100%, 93% and 81%, respectively. On multivariable analysis the effect of residual stage P1 or lower at radical cystectomy achieved independent predictor status for recurrence (adjusted HR 0.20, p = 0.002) and cancer specific mortality (adjusted HR 0.24, p = 0.02). Down staging from initial T2N0 bladder cancer at transurethral bladder tumor resection to lower stage at radical cystectomy significantly reduces recurrence and cancer specific mortality. Further validation of this finding is warranted.