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Sample records for multi-source chemical dictionary

Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

Background Previously, we developed a combined dictionary dubbed Chemlist for the identification of small molecules and drugs in text based on a number of publicly available databases and tested it on an annotated corpus. To achieve an acceptable recall and precision we used a number of automatic and semi-automatic processing steps together with disambiguation rules. However, it remained to be investigated which impact an extensive manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary would have on chemical term identification in text. ChemSpider is a chemical database that has undergone extensive manual curation aimed at establishing valid chemical name-to-structure relationships. Results We acquired the component of ChemSpider containing only manually curated names and synonyms. Rule-based term filtering, semi-automatic manual curation, and disambiguation rules were applied. We tested the dictionary from ChemSpider on an annotated corpus and compared the results with those for the Chemlist dictionary. The ChemSpider dictionary of ca. 80 k names was only a 1/3 to a 1/4 the size of Chemlist at around 300 k. The ChemSpider dictionary had a precision of 0.43 and a recall of 0.19 before the application of filtering and disambiguation and a precision of 0.87 and a recall of 0.19 after filtering and disambiguation. The Chemlist dictionary had a precision of 0.20 and a recall of 0.47 before the application of filtering and disambiguation and a precision of 0.67 and a recall of 0.40 after filtering and disambiguation. Conclusions We conclude the following: (1) The ChemSpider dictionary achieved the best precision but the Chemlist dictionary had a higher recall and the best F-score; (2) Rule-based filtering and disambiguation is necessary to achieve a high precision for both the automatically generated and the manually curated dictionary. ChemSpider is available as a web service at http://www.chemspider.com/ and the Chemlist dictionary is freely available as an XML file in
Multi-Source Multi-Target Dictionary Learning for Prediction of Cognitive Decline.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Jie; Li, Qingyang; Caselli, Richard J; Thompson, Paul M; Ye, Jieping; Wang, Yalin

2017-06-01

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Identifying correct biomarkers may determine pre-symptomatic AD subjects and enable early intervention. Recently, Multi-task sparse feature learning has been successfully applied to many computer vision and biomedical informatics researches. It aims to improve the generalization performance by exploiting the shared features among different tasks. However, most of the existing algorithms are formulated as a supervised learning scheme. Its drawback is with either insufficient feature numbers or missing label information. To address these challenges, we formulate an unsupervised framework for multi-task sparse feature learning based on a novel dictionary learning algorithm. To solve the unsupervised learning problem, we propose a two-stage Multi-Source Multi-Target Dictionary Learning (MMDL) algorithm. In stage 1, we propose a multi-source dictionary learning method to utilize the common and individual sparse features in different time slots. In stage 2, supported by a rigorous theoretical analysis, we develop a multi-task learning method to solve the missing label problem. Empirical studies on an N = 3970 longitudinal brain image data set, which involves 2 sources and 5 targets, demonstrate the improved prediction accuracy and speed efficiency of MMDL in comparison with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Multi-instance dictionary learning via multivariate performance measure optimization

KAUST Repository

Wang, Jim Jing-Yan

2016-12-29

The multi-instance dictionary plays a critical role in multi-instance data representation. Meanwhile, different multi-instance learning applications are evaluated by specific multivariate performance measures. For example, multi-instance ranking reports the precision and recall. It is not difficult to see that to obtain different optimal performance measures, different dictionaries are needed. This observation motives us to learn performance-optimal dictionaries for this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel joint framework for learning the multi-instance dictionary and the classifier to optimize a given multivariate performance measure, such as the F1 score and precision at rank k. We propose to represent the bags as bag-level features via the bag-instance similarity, and learn a classifier in the bag-level feature space to optimize the given performance measure. We propose to minimize the upper bound of a multivariate loss corresponding to the performance measure, the complexity of the classifier, and the complexity of the dictionary, simultaneously, with regard to both the dictionary and the classifier parameters. In this way, the dictionary learning is regularized by the performance optimization, and a performance-optimal dictionary is obtained. We develop an iterative algorithm to solve this minimization problem efficiently using a cutting-plane algorithm and a coordinate descent method. Experiments on multi-instance benchmark data sets show its advantage over both traditional multi-instance learning and performance optimization methods.
Multi-instance dictionary learning via multivariate performance measure optimization

KAUST Repository

Wang, Jim Jing-Yan; Tsang, Ivor Wai-Hung; Cui, Xuefeng; Lu, Zhiwu; Gao, Xin

2016-01-01

The multi-instance dictionary plays a critical role in multi-instance data representation. Meanwhile, different multi-instance learning applications are evaluated by specific multivariate performance measures. For example, multi-instance ranking reports the precision and recall. It is not difficult to see that to obtain different optimal performance measures, different dictionaries are needed. This observation motives us to learn performance-optimal dictionaries for this problem. In this paper, we propose a novel joint framework for learning the multi-instance dictionary and the classifier to optimize a given multivariate performance measure, such as the F1 score and precision at rank k. We propose to represent the bags as bag-level features via the bag-instance similarity, and learn a classifier in the bag-level feature space to optimize the given performance measure. We propose to minimize the upper bound of a multivariate loss corresponding to the performance measure, the complexity of the classifier, and the complexity of the dictionary, simultaneously, with regard to both the dictionary and the classifier parameters. In this way, the dictionary learning is regularized by the performance optimization, and a performance-optimal dictionary is obtained. We develop an iterative algorithm to solve this minimization problem efficiently using a cutting-plane algorithm and a coordinate descent method. Experiments on multi-instance benchmark data sets show its advantage over both traditional multi-instance learning and performance optimization methods.
Treatment of multi-word lexical items in the dictionary: the current situation and the potential problems facing dictionary users

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marjeta Vrbinc

2011-05-01

Full Text Available In this article, we first discuss the inclusion of idioms in the latest printed editions of monolingual learner’s dictionaries; we then consider and evaluate the success of look-up operations in connection with the recognition of the correct part of speech. The central part of the article discusses and justifies the macro- and microstructural treatment of multi-word lexical items. Finally, we address the issue of including idioms in the microstructure as special senses of the lemma, as usage examples and/or in the idioms section. The inclusion and treatment of multi-word lexical items depends on the needs of potential dictionary users. Lexicographers should therefore strive to adopt a pragmatic approach that would help the user to locate a multi-word lexical item with minimal effort. When compiling a bilingual dictionary, contrastive differences between source and target languages should also be taken into consideration. http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/ERYa7.15
Sentiment Polarity Analysis based multi-dictionary

Science.gov (United States)

Jiao, Jian; Zhou, Yanquan

This paper presents a novel algorithm for Chinese online reviews, which identifies sentiment polarity. To determine the sentence is negative or positive, we extracted opinion words and identified their opinion targets by CRFs and establish the absolute emotional dictionary (AbED), the relative emotional dictionary (ReED), the field of emotional dictionary (FiED) and the field of targets and opinion words dictionary (TfED). With those emotional dictionary, negative dictionary and modified dictionary, we achieved an effective algorithm to discriminate sentiment polarity by multi-string pattern matching algorithm. For evaluation, we used car online reviews, hotel online reviews and computer online reviews which annotated positive or negative. Experimental results show that our proposed method has made a higher precision and recall rate.
The large dictionary on chemical engineering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-03-01

This book mentions the large dictionary on chemical engineering. It starts the preface. It mentions introduction for publish committee. It also has signature of publish committee. It introduces explanatory notes. It gives descriptions of glossary on chemical engineering. This has appendixes and index. This book consists of seven part to explain chemical engineering glossary. It was written by chemical engineering dictionary publish committee.
Progressive multi-atlas label fusion by dictionary evolution.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Yantao; Wu, Guorong; Bahrami, Khosro; Sun, Quansen; Shen, Dinggang

2017-02-01

Accurate segmentation of anatomical structures in medical images is important in recent imaging based studies. In the past years, multi-atlas patch-based label fusion methods have achieved a great success in medical image segmentation. In these methods, the appearance of each input image patch is first represented by an atlas patch dictionary (in the image domain), and then the latent label of the input image patch is predicted by applying the estimated representation coefficients to the corresponding anatomical labels of the atlas patches in the atlas label dictionary (in the label domain). However, due to the generally large gap between the patch appearance in the image domain and the patch structure in the label domain, the estimated (patch) representation coefficients from the image domain may not be optimal for the final label fusion, thus reducing the labeling accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a novel label fusion framework to seek for the suitable label fusion weights by progressively constructing a dynamic dictionary in a layer-by-layer manner, where the intermediate dictionaries act as a sequence of guidance to steer the transition of (patch) representation coefficients from the image domain to the label domain. Our proposed multi-layer label fusion framework is flexible enough to be applied to the existing labeling methods for improving their label fusion performance, i.e., by extending their single-layer static dictionary to the multi-layer dynamic dictionary. The experimental results show that our proposed progressive label fusion method achieves more accurate hippocampal segmentation results for the ADNI dataset, compared to the counterpart methods using only the single-layer static dictionary. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Emo, love and god: making sense of Urban Dictionary, a crowd-sourced online dictionary.

Science.gov (United States)

Nguyen, Dong; McGillivray, Barbara; Yasseri, Taha

2018-05-01

The Internet facilitates large-scale collaborative projects and the emergence of Web 2.0 platforms, where producers and consumers of content unify, has drastically changed the information market. On the one hand, the promise of the 'wisdom of the crowd' has inspired successful projects such as Wikipedia, which has become the primary source of crowd-based information in many languages. On the other hand, the decentralized and often unmonitored environment of such projects may make them susceptible to low-quality content. In this work, we focus on Urban Dictionary, a crowd-sourced online dictionary. We combine computational methods with qualitative annotation and shed light on the overall features of Urban Dictionary in terms of growth, coverage and types of content. We measure a high presence of opinion-focused entries, as opposed to the meaning-focused entries that we expect from traditional dictionaries. Furthermore, Urban Dictionary covers many informal, unfamiliar words as well as proper nouns. Urban Dictionary also contains offensive content, but highly offensive content tends to receive lower scores through the dictionary's voting system. The low threshold to include new material in Urban Dictionary enables quick recording of new words and new meanings, but the resulting heterogeneous content can pose challenges in using Urban Dictionary as a source to study language innovation.
An augmented Lagrangian multi-scale dictionary learning algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ye Meng

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract Learning overcomplete dictionaries for sparse signal representation has become a hot topic fascinated by many researchers in the recent years, while most of the existing approaches have a serious problem that they always lead to local minima. In this article, we present a novel augmented Lagrangian multi-scale dictionary learning algorithm (ALM-DL, which is achieved by first recasting the constrained dictionary learning problem into an AL scheme, and then updating the dictionary after each inner iteration of the scheme during which majorization-minimization technique is employed for solving the inner subproblem. Refining the dictionary from low scale to high makes the proposed method less dependent on the initial dictionary hence avoiding local optima. Numerical tests for synthetic data and denoising applications on real images demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed approach.
Multi-View Multi-Instance Learning Based on Joint Sparse Representation and Multi-View Dictionary Learning.

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Li, Bing; Yuan, Chunfeng; Xiong, Weihua; Hu, Weiming; Peng, Houwen; Ding, Xinmiao; Maybank, Steve

2017-12-01

In multi-instance learning (MIL), the relations among instances in a bag convey important contextual information in many applications. Previous studies on MIL either ignore such relations or simply model them with a fixed graph structure so that the overall performance inevitably degrades in complex environments. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel multi-view multi-instance learning algorithm (MIL) that combines multiple context structures in a bag into a unified framework. The novel aspects are: (i) we propose a sparse -graph model that can generate different graphs with different parameters to represent various context relations in a bag, (ii) we propose a multi-view joint sparse representation that integrates these graphs into a unified framework for bag classification, and (iii) we propose a multi-view dictionary learning algorithm to obtain a multi-view graph dictionary that considers cues from all views simultaneously to improve the discrimination of the MIL. Experiments and analyses in many practical applications prove the effectiveness of the M IL.
Stochastic Learning of Multi-Instance Dictionary for Earth Mover's Distance based Histogram Comparison

OpenAIRE

Fan, Jihong; Liang, Ru-Ze

2016-01-01

Dictionary plays an important role in multi-instance data representation. It maps bags of instances to histograms. Earth mover's distance (EMD) is the most effective histogram distance metric for the application of multi-instance retrieval. However, up to now, there is no existing multi-instance dictionary learning methods designed for EMD based histogram comparison. To fill this gap, we develop the first EMD-optimal dictionary learning method using stochastic optimization method. In the stoc...
Stochastic learning of multi-instance dictionary for earth mover’s distance-based histogram comparison

KAUST Repository

Fan, Jihong

2016-09-17

Dictionary plays an important role in multi-instance data representation. It maps bags of instances to histograms. Earth mover’s distance (EMD) is the most effective histogram distance metric for the application of multi-instance retrieval. However, up to now, there is no existing multi-instance dictionary learning methods designed for EMD-based histogram comparison. To fill this gap, we develop the first EMD-optimal dictionary learning method using stochastic optimization method. In the stochastic learning framework, we have one triplet of bags, including one basic bag, one positive bag, and one negative bag. These bags are mapped to histograms using a multi-instance dictionary. We argue that the EMD between the basic histogram and the positive histogram should be smaller than that between the basic histogram and the negative histogram. Base on this condition, we design a hinge loss. By minimizing this hinge loss and some regularization terms of the dictionary, we update the dictionary instances. The experiments over multi-instance retrieval applications shows its effectiveness when compared to other dictionary learning methods over the problems of medical image retrieval and natural language relation classification. © 2016 The Natural Computing Applications Forum
Emo, love and god: making sense of Urban Dictionary, a crowd-sourced online dictionary

Science.gov (United States)

McGillivray, Barbara

2018-01-01

The Internet facilitates large-scale collaborative projects and the emergence of Web 2.0 platforms, where producers and consumers of content unify, has drastically changed the information market. On the one hand, the promise of the ‘wisdom of the crowd’ has inspired successful projects such as Wikipedia, which has become the primary source of crowd-based information in many languages. On the other hand, the decentralized and often unmonitored environment of such projects may make them susceptible to low-quality content. In this work, we focus on Urban Dictionary, a crowd-sourced online dictionary. We combine computational methods with qualitative annotation and shed light on the overall features of Urban Dictionary in terms of growth, coverage and types of content. We measure a high presence of opinion-focused entries, as opposed to the meaning-focused entries that we expect from traditional dictionaries. Furthermore, Urban Dictionary covers many informal, unfamiliar words as well as proper nouns. Urban Dictionary also contains offensive content, but highly offensive content tends to receive lower scores through the dictionary’s voting system. The low threshold to include new material in Urban Dictionary enables quick recording of new words and new meanings, but the resulting heterogeneous content can pose challenges in using Urban Dictionary as a source to study language innovation. PMID:29892417
Multi-level discriminative dictionary learning with application to large scale image classification.

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Shen, Li; Sun, Gang; Huang, Qingming; Wang, Shuhui; Lin, Zhouchen; Wu, Enhua

2015-10-01

The sparse coding technique has shown flexibility and capability in image representation and analysis. It is a powerful tool in many visual applications. Some recent work has shown that incorporating the properties of task (such as discrimination for classification task) into dictionary learning is effective for improving the accuracy. However, the traditional supervised dictionary learning methods suffer from high computation complexity when dealing with large number of categories, making them less satisfactory in large scale applications. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level discriminative dictionary learning method and apply it to large scale image classification. Our method takes advantage of hierarchical category correlation to encode multi-level discriminative information. Each internal node of the category hierarchy is associated with a discriminative dictionary and a classification model. The dictionaries at different layers are learnt to capture the information of different scales. Moreover, each node at lower layers also inherits the dictionary of its parent, so that the categories at lower layers can be described with multi-scale information. The learning of dictionaries and associated classification models is jointly conducted by minimizing an overall tree loss. The experimental results on challenging data sets demonstrate that our approach achieves excellent accuracy and competitive computation cost compared with other sparse coding methods for large scale image classification.
Online multi-modal robust non-negative dictionary learning for visual tracking.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xiang; Guan, Naiyang; Tao, Dacheng; Qiu, Xiaogang; Luo, Zhigang

2015-01-01

Dictionary learning is a method of acquiring a collection of atoms for subsequent signal representation. Due to its excellent representation ability, dictionary learning has been widely applied in multimedia and computer vision. However, conventional dictionary learning algorithms fail to deal with multi-modal datasets. In this paper, we propose an online multi-modal robust non-negative dictionary learning (OMRNDL) algorithm to overcome this deficiency. Notably, OMRNDL casts visual tracking as a dictionary learning problem under the particle filter framework and captures the intrinsic knowledge about the target from multiple visual modalities, e.g., pixel intensity and texture information. To this end, OMRNDL adaptively learns an individual dictionary, i.e., template, for each modality from available frames, and then represents new particles over all the learned dictionaries by minimizing the fitting loss of data based on M-estimation. The resultant representation coefficient can be viewed as the common semantic representation of particles across multiple modalities, and can be utilized to track the target. OMRNDL incrementally learns the dictionary and the coefficient of each particle by using multiplicative update rules to respectively guarantee their non-negativity constraints. Experimental results on a popular challenging video benchmark validate the effectiveness of OMRNDL for visual tracking in both quantity and quality.
Multi-Sensor Integration to Map Odor Distribution for the Detection of Chemical Sources

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Xiang Gao

2016-07-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the problem of mapping odor distribution derived from a chemical source using multi-sensor integration and reasoning system design. Odor localization is the problem of finding the source of an odor or other volatile chemical. Most localization methods require a mobile vehicle to follow an odor plume along its entire path, which is time consuming and may be especially difficult in a cluttered environment. To solve both of the above challenges, this paper proposes a novel algorithm that combines data from odor and anemometer sensors, and combine sensors’ data at different positions. Initially, a multi-sensor integration method, together with the path of airflow was used to map the pattern of odor particle movement. Then, more sensors are introduced at specific regions to determine the probable location of the odor source. Finally, the results of odor source location simulation and a real experiment are presented.
Spatio-Temporal Series Remote Sensing Image Prediction Based on Multi-Dictionary Bayesian Fusion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chu He

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Contradictions in spatial resolution and temporal coverage emerge from earth observation remote sensing images due to limitations in technology and cost. Therefore, how to combine remote sensing images with low spatial yet high temporal resolution as well as those with high spatial yet low temporal resolution to construct images with both high spatial resolution and high temporal coverage has become an important problem called spatio-temporal fusion problem in both research and practice. A Multi-Dictionary Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Reflectance Fusion Model (MDBFM has been proposed in this paper. First, multiple dictionaries from regions of different classes are trained. Second, a Bayesian framework is constructed to solve the dictionary selection problem. A pixel-dictionary likehood function and a dictionary-dictionary prior function are constructed under the Bayesian framework. Third, remote sensing images before and after the middle moment are combined to predict images at the middle moment. Diverse shapes and textures information is learned from different landscapes in multi-dictionary learning to help dictionaries capture the distinctions between regions. The Bayesian framework makes full use of the priori information while the input image is classified. The experiments with one simulated dataset and two satellite datasets validate that the MDBFM is highly effective in both subjective and objective evaluation indexes. The results of MDBFM show more precise details and have a higher similarity with real images when dealing with both type changes and phenology changes.
Chemical entity recognition in patents by combining dictionary-based and statistical approaches

Science.gov (United States)

Akhondi, Saber A.; Pons, Ewoud; Afzal, Zubair; van Haagen, Herman; Becker, Benedikt F.H.; Hettne, Kristina M.; van Mulligen, Erik M.; Kors, Jan A.

2016-01-01

We describe the development of a chemical entity recognition system and its application in the CHEMDNER-patent track of BioCreative 2015. This community challenge includes a Chemical Entity Mention in Patents (CEMP) recognition task and a Chemical Passage Detection (CPD) classification task. We addressed both tasks by an ensemble system that combines a dictionary-based approach with a statistical one. For this purpose the performance of several lexical resources was assessed using Peregrine, our open-source indexing engine. We combined our dictionary-based results on the patent corpus with the results of tmChem, a chemical recognizer using a conditional random field classifier. To improve the performance of tmChem, we utilized three additional features, viz. part-of-speech tags, lemmas and word-vector clusters. When evaluated on the training data, our final system obtained an F-score of 85.21% for the CEMP task, and an accuracy of 91.53% for the CPD task. On the test set, the best system ranked sixth among 21 teams for CEMP with an F-score of 86.82%, and second among nine teams for CPD with an accuracy of 94.23%. The differences in performance between the best ensemble system and the statistical system separately were small. Database URL: http://biosemantics.org/chemdner-patents PMID:27141091
From the Problems of Dictionaries and Multi-lingual Corpora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Violetta Koseska-Toszewa

2015-06-01

Full Text Available From the Problems of Dictionaries and Multi-lingual Corpora The article describes the work on a number of dictionaries being developed by the Corpus Linguistics and Semantics Group of the Institute of Slavic PAS. They include “Contemporary Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary”, “Bulgarian-Polish Online Dictionary” and “Russian-Bulgarian-Polish Dictionary”. The dictionaries differ in the numbers of entries, as well as in the different degrees of their connection with parallel corpora being elaborated under the “Clarin” project. All the discussed dictionaries are similar with respect to their use of traditional, syntactic classifiers and of semantic classifiers, introduced for the first time in the existing lexicographical practice. Thanks to the “Polish-Bulgarian-Russian Corpus”, the Group has managed to verify the results of contrasting Polish and Bulgarian in the light of scope-based logical quantification. Thanks to the Russian material added to the trilingual corpus, the researchers have managed to confirm the fact that from the viewpoint of “incomplete quantification” Russian and Polish (synthetic languages behave similarly, and are opposed to the analytic Bulgarian.

Recognition of chemical entities: combining dictionary-based and grammar-based approaches

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Background The past decade has seen an upsurge in the number of publications in chemistry. The ever-swelling volume of available documents makes it increasingly hard to extract relevant new information from such unstructured texts. The BioCreative CHEMDNER challenge invites the development of systems for the automatic recognition of chemicals in text (CEM task) and for ranking the recognized compounds at the document level (CDI task). We investigated an ensemble approach where dictionary-based named entity recognition is used along with grammar-based recognizers to extract compounds from text. We assessed the performance of ten different commercial and publicly available lexical resources using an open source indexing system (Peregrine), in combination with three different chemical compound recognizers and a set of regular expressions to recognize chemical database identifiers. The effect of different stop-word lists, case-sensitivity matching, and use of chunking information was also investigated. We focused on lexical resources that provide chemical structure information. To rank the different compounds found in a text, we used a term confidence score based on the normalized ratio of the term frequencies in chemical and non-chemical journals. Results The use of stop-word lists greatly improved the performance of the dictionary-based recognition, but there was no additional benefit from using chunking information. A combination of ChEBI and HMDB as lexical resources, the LeadMine tool for grammar-based recognition, and the regular expressions, outperformed any of the individual systems. On the test set, the F-scores were 77.8% (recall 71.2%, precision 85.8%) for the CEM task and 77.6% (recall 71.7%, precision 84.6%) for the CDI task. Missed terms were mainly due to tokenization issues, poor recognition of formulas, and term conjunctions. Conclusions We developed an ensemble system that combines dictionary-based and grammar-based approaches for chemical named
Recognition of chemical entities: combining dictionary-based and grammar-based approaches.

Science.gov (United States)

Akhondi, Saber A; Hettne, Kristina M; van der Horst, Eelke; van Mulligen, Erik M; Kors, Jan A

2015-01-01

The past decade has seen an upsurge in the number of publications in chemistry. The ever-swelling volume of available documents makes it increasingly hard to extract relevant new information from such unstructured texts. The BioCreative CHEMDNER challenge invites the development of systems for the automatic recognition of chemicals in text (CEM task) and for ranking the recognized compounds at the document level (CDI task). We investigated an ensemble approach where dictionary-based named entity recognition is used along with grammar-based recognizers to extract compounds from text. We assessed the performance of ten different commercial and publicly available lexical resources using an open source indexing system (Peregrine), in combination with three different chemical compound recognizers and a set of regular expressions to recognize chemical database identifiers. The effect of different stop-word lists, case-sensitivity matching, and use of chunking information was also investigated. We focused on lexical resources that provide chemical structure information. To rank the different compounds found in a text, we used a term confidence score based on the normalized ratio of the term frequencies in chemical and non-chemical journals. The use of stop-word lists greatly improved the performance of the dictionary-based recognition, but there was no additional benefit from using chunking information. A combination of ChEBI and HMDB as lexical resources, the LeadMine tool for grammar-based recognition, and the regular expressions, outperformed any of the individual systems. On the test set, the F-scores were 77.8% (recall 71.2%, precision 85.8%) for the CEM task and 77.6% (recall 71.7%, precision 84.6%) for the CDI task. Missed terms were mainly due to tokenization issues, poor recognition of formulas, and term conjunctions. We developed an ensemble system that combines dictionary-based and grammar-based approaches for chemical named entity recognition, outperforming
A feature dictionary supporting a multi-domain medical knowledge base.

Science.gov (United States)

Naeymi-Rad, F

1989-01-01

Because different terminology is used by physicians of different specialties in different locations to refer to the same feature (signs, symptoms, test results), it is essential that our knowledge development tools provide a means to access a common pool of terms. This paper discusses the design of an online medical dictionary that provides a solution to this problem for developers of multi-domain knowledge bases for MEDAS (Medical Emergency Decision Assistance System). Our Feature Dictionary supports phrase equivalents for features, feature interactions, feature classifications, and translations to the binary features generated by the expert during knowledge creation. It is also used in the conversion of a domain knowledge to the database used by the MEDAS inference diagnostic sessions. The Feature Dictionary also provides capabilities for complex queries across multiple domains using the supported relations. The Feature Dictionary supports three methods for feature representation: (1) for binary features, (2) for continuous valued features, and (3) for derived features.
Chemical entity recognition in patents by combining dictionary-based and statistical approaches.

Science.gov (United States)

Akhondi, Saber A; Pons, Ewoud; Afzal, Zubair; van Haagen, Herman; Becker, Benedikt F H; Hettne, Kristina M; van Mulligen, Erik M; Kors, Jan A

2016-01-01

We describe the development of a chemical entity recognition system and its application in the CHEMDNER-patent track of BioCreative 2015. This community challenge includes a Chemical Entity Mention in Patents (CEMP) recognition task and a Chemical Passage Detection (CPD) classification task. We addressed both tasks by an ensemble system that combines a dictionary-based approach with a statistical one. For this purpose the performance of several lexical resources was assessed using Peregrine, our open-source indexing engine. We combined our dictionary-based results on the patent corpus with the results of tmChem, a chemical recognizer using a conditional random field classifier. To improve the performance of tmChem, we utilized three additional features, viz. part-of-speech tags, lemmas and word-vector clusters. When evaluated on the training data, our final system obtained an F-score of 85.21% for the CEMP task, and an accuracy of 91.53% for the CPD task. On the test set, the best system ranked sixth among 21 teams for CEMP with an F-score of 86.82%, and second among nine teams for CPD with an accuracy of 94.23%. The differences in performance between the best ensemble system and the statistical system separately were small.Database URL: http://biosemantics.org/chemdner-patents. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.
A Geometric Dictionary Learning Based Approach for Fluorescence Spectroscopy Image Fusion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhiqin Zhu

2017-02-01

Full Text Available In recent years, sparse representation approaches have been integrated into multi-focus image fusion methods. The fused images of sparse-representation-based image fusion methods show great performance. Constructing an informative dictionary is a key step for sparsity-based image fusion method. In order to ensure sufficient number of useful bases for sparse representation in the process of informative dictionary construction, image patches from all source images are classified into different groups based on geometric similarities. The key information of each image-patch group is extracted by principle component analysis (PCA to build dictionary. According to the constructed dictionary, image patches are converted to sparse coefficients by simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP algorithm for representing the source multi-focus images. At last the sparse coefficients are fused by Max-L1 fusion rule and inverted to fused image. Due to the limitation of microscope, the fluorescence image cannot be fully focused. The proposed multi-focus image fusion solution is applied to fluorescence imaging area for generating all-in-focus images. The comparison experimentation results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed multi-focus image fusion solution.
Stochastic learning of multi-instance dictionary for earth mover’s distance-based histogram comparison

KAUST Repository

Fan, Jihong; Liang, Ru-Ze

2016-01-01

Dictionary plays an important role in multi-instance data representation. It maps bags of instances to histograms. Earth mover’s distance (EMD) is the most effective histogram distance metric for the application of multi-instance retrieval. However
Inclusion Strategies for Multi-word Units in Monolingual Dictionaries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Phillip Louw

2011-10-01

Full Text Available
Abstract: This article focuses on inclusion strategies for different types of multi-word units, beit as part of the macrostructure or embedded as treatment units in the microstructure of a specificdictionary. The types of multi-word units discussed range from multi-word lexical items to collocationsand multi-word compound lexical items. The general principles set out in this article areapplied specifically to monolingual school dictionaries that target learners of English in the juniorsecondary phase.In order to discuss inclusion strategies adequately it is, however, necessary to make a cursorydistinction between idioms and collocations, on the one hand, and between collocations and multiwordcompound lexical items, on the other. It is shown that current monolingual dictionaries oftenfail to distinguish between these types and therefore apply potentially confusing inclusion strategies.In the discussion of inclusion strategies for multi-word lexical items that follows, it is shownthat, whereas loan groups and group prepositions require lemmatisation as full multilexical lemmas,the strategy for idioms is not as simple. The problems with a full lemmatisation of idioms arepointed out and an alternative system, whereby idioms are consistently included as sublemmaswith full microstructural treatment, is proposed.Next it is shown that collocations do not have lexical item status and can therefore not betreated in the same way as multi-word lexical items. However, provision must be made that somecollocations may need additional microstructural treatment addressed to them.Lastly, inclusion strategies for multi-word compound lexical items, which frequently occur inEnglish, are discussed. The practice of sublemmatising so-called "transparent" compound lexicalitems and giving them no or little microstructural treatment, is shown to be inappropriate forschool dictionaries.Hopefully the guidelines provided in this article can be of some help in clearing up
Bilingual Dictionaries for Communication in the Domain of Economics: Function-Based Translation Dictionaries

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro

2015-01-01

With their focus on terms, bilingual dictionaries are important tools for translating texts on economics. The most common type is the multi-fi eld dictionary covering several related subject fi elds; however, multi-fi eld dictionaries treat one or few fi elds extensively thereby neglecting other fi...... elds in contrast to single-fi eld and sub-fi eld dictionaries. Furthermore, recent research shows that economic translation is not limited to terms so lexicographers who identify and analyse the needs of translators, usage situations and stages in translating economic texts will have a sound basis...... for designing their lexicographic tools. The function theory allows lexicographers to study these basics so that they can offer translation tools to the domain of economics. Dictionaries should include data about terms, their grammatical properties, and their combinatorial potential as well as language...
A Geometric Dictionary Learning Based Approach for Fluorescence Spectroscopy Image Fusion

OpenAIRE

Zhiqin Zhu; Guanqiu Qi; Yi Chai; Penghua Li

2017-01-01

In recent years, sparse representation approaches have been integrated into multi-focus image fusion methods. The fused images of sparse-representation-based image fusion methods show great performance. Constructing an informative dictionary is a key step for sparsity-based image fusion method. In order to ensure sufficient number of useful bases for sparse representation in the process of informative dictionary construction, image patches from all source images are classified into different ...
Multi-sparse dictionary colorization algorithm based on the feature classification and detail enhancement

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Dan; Bai, Lianfa; Zhang, Yi; Han, Jing

2018-02-01

For the problems of missing details and performance of the colorization based on sparse representation, we propose a conceptual model framework for colorizing gray-scale images, and then a multi-sparse dictionary colorization algorithm based on the feature classification and detail enhancement (CEMDC) is proposed based on this framework. The algorithm can achieve a natural colorized effect for a gray-scale image, and it is consistent with the human vision. First, the algorithm establishes a multi-sparse dictionary classification colorization model. Then, to improve the accuracy rate of the classification, the corresponding local constraint algorithm is proposed. Finally, we propose a detail enhancement based on Laplacian Pyramid, which is effective in solving the problem of missing details and improving the speed of image colorization. In addition, the algorithm not only realizes the colorization of the visual gray-scale image, but also can be applied to the other areas, such as color transfer between color images, colorizing gray fusion images, and infrared images.
The holographic dictionary for Beta functions of multi-trace coupling constants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Aharony, Ofer [Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics,Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001 (Israel); Gur-Ari, Guy [Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics,Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001 (Israel); Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Klinghoffer, Nizan [Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics,Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001 (Israel)

2015-05-06

Field theories with weakly coupled holographic duals, such as large N gauge theories, have a natural separation of their operators into ‘single-trace operators’ (dual to single-particle states) and ‘multi-trace operators’ (dual to multi-particle states). There are examples of large N gauge theories where the beta functions of single-trace coupling constants all vanish, but marginal multi-trace coupling constants have non-vanishing beta functions that spoil conformal invariance (even when all multi-trace coupling constants vanish). The holographic dual of such theories should be a classical solution in anti-de Sitter space, in which the boundary conditions that correspond to the multi-trace coupling constants depend on the cutoff scale, in a way that spoils conformal invariance. We argue that this is realized through specific bulk coupling constants that lead to a running of the multi-trace coupling constants. This fills a missing entry in the holographic dictionary.
Greedy Deep Dictionary Learning

OpenAIRE

Tariyal, Snigdha; Majumdar, Angshul; Singh, Richa; Vatsa, Mayank

2016-01-01

In this work we propose a new deep learning tool called deep dictionary learning. Multi-level dictionaries are learnt in a greedy fashion, one layer at a time. This requires solving a simple (shallow) dictionary learning problem, the solution to this is well known. We apply the proposed technique on some benchmark deep learning datasets. We compare our results with other deep learning tools like stacked autoencoder and deep belief network; and state of the art supervised dictionary learning t...
A novel algorithm of super-resolution image reconstruction based on multi-class dictionaries for natural scene

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Wei; Zhao, Dewei; Zhang, Huan

2015-12-01

Super-resolution image reconstruction is an effective method to improve the image quality. It has important research significance in the field of image processing. However, the choice of the dictionary directly affects the efficiency of image reconstruction. A sparse representation theory is introduced into the problem of the nearest neighbor selection. Based on the sparse representation of super-resolution image reconstruction method, a super-resolution image reconstruction algorithm based on multi-class dictionary is analyzed. This method avoids the redundancy problem of only training a hyper complete dictionary, and makes the sub-dictionary more representatives, and then replaces the traditional Euclidean distance computing method to improve the quality of the whole image reconstruction. In addition, the ill-posed problem is introduced into non-local self-similarity regularization. Experimental results show that the algorithm is much better results than state-of-the-art algorithm in terms of both PSNR and visual perception.
Using Medical Dictionaries to Teach the Critical Evaluation of Information Sources.

Science.gov (United States)

Duff, Alistair S.

1995-01-01

A course-integrated bibliographic instruction session was designed to develop skills in evaluating biomedical information sources. Students in small groups evaluated and ranked medical and nursing dictionaries and defended ratings to the class. (SK)
The semantics of Chemical Markup Language (CML): dictionaries and conventions

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

The semantic architecture of CML consists of conventions, dictionaries and units. The conventions conform to a top-level specification and each convention can constrain compliant documents through machine-processing (validation). Dictionaries conform to a dictionary specification which also imposes machine validation on the dictionaries. Each dictionary can also be used to validate data in a CML document, and provide human-readable descriptions. An additional set of conventions and dictionaries are used to support scientific units. All conventions, dictionaries and dictionary elements are identifiable and addressable through unique URIs. PMID:21999509
The semantics of Chemical Markup Language (CML): dictionaries and conventions.

Science.gov (United States)

Murray-Rust, Peter; Townsend, Joe A; Adams, Sam E; Phadungsukanan, Weerapong; Thomas, Jens

2011-10-14

The semantic architecture of CML consists of conventions, dictionaries and units. The conventions conform to a top-level specification and each convention can constrain compliant documents through machine-processing (validation). Dictionaries conform to a dictionary specification which also imposes machine validation on the dictionaries. Each dictionary can also be used to validate data in a CML document, and provide human-readable descriptions. An additional set of conventions and dictionaries are used to support scientific units. All conventions, dictionaries and dictionary elements are identifiable and addressable through unique URIs.
Seismic classification through sparse filter dictionaries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hickmann, Kyle Scott [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Srinivasan, Gowri [Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

2017-09-13

We tackle a multi-label classi cation problem involving the relation between acoustic- pro le features and the measured seismogram. To isolate components of the seismo- grams unique to each class of acoustic pro le we build dictionaries of convolutional lters. The convolutional- lter dictionaries for the individual classes are then combined into a large dictionary for the entire seismogram set. A given seismogram is classi ed by computing its representation in the large dictionary and then comparing reconstruction accuracy with this representation using each of the sub-dictionaries. The sub-dictionary with the minimal reconstruction error identi es the seismogram class.
Coupled dictionary learning for joint MR image restoration and segmentation

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Xuesong; Fan, Yong

2018-03-01

To achieve better segmentation of MR images, image restoration is typically used as a preprocessing step, especially for low-quality MR images. Recent studies have demonstrated that dictionary learning methods could achieve promising performance for both image restoration and image segmentation. These methods typically learn paired dictionaries of image patches from different sources and use a common sparse representation to characterize paired image patches, such as low-quality image patches and their corresponding high quality counterparts for the image restoration, and image patches and their corresponding segmentation labels for the image segmentation. Since learning these dictionaries jointly in a unified framework may improve the image restoration and segmentation simultaneously, we propose a coupled dictionary learning method to concurrently learn dictionaries for joint image restoration and image segmentation based on sparse representations in a multi-atlas image segmentation framework. Particularly, three dictionaries, including a dictionary of low quality image patches, a dictionary of high quality image patches, and a dictionary of segmentation label patches, are learned in a unified framework so that the learned dictionaries of image restoration and segmentation can benefit each other. Our method has been evaluated for segmenting the hippocampus in MR T1 images collected with scanners of different magnetic field strengths. The experimental results have demonstrated that our method achieved better image restoration and segmentation performance than state of the art dictionary learning and sparse representation based image restoration and image segmentation methods.
Using Bilingual Dictionaries.

Science.gov (United States)

Thompson, Geoff

1987-01-01

Monolingual dictionaries have serious disadvantages in many language teaching situations; bilingual dictionaries are potentially more efficient and more motivating sources of information for language learners. (Author/CB)
Macrostructural Treatment of Multi-word Lexical Items

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alenka Vrbinc

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The paper discusses the macrostructural treatment of multi-word lexical items in mono- and bilingual dictionaries. First, the classification of multi-word lexical items is presented, and special attention is paid to the discussion of compounds – a specific group of multi-word lexical items that is most commonly afforded headword status but whose inclusion in the headword list may also depend on spelling. Then the inclusion of multi-word lexical items in monolingual dictionaries is dealt with in greater detail, while the results of a short survey on the inclusion of five randomly chosen multi-word lexical items in seven English monolingual dictionaries are presented. The proposals as to how to treat these five multi-word lexical items in bilingual dictionaries are presented in the section about the inclusion of multi-word lexical items in bilingual dictionaries. The conclusion is that it is most important to take the users’ needs into consideration and to make any dictionary as user friendly as possible.

Elaboration of a dictionary for radiographic findings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rocha, Roberto A.; Huff, Stanley M.; Haug, Peter J.

1996-01-01

The process for creating a dictionary to represent chest radiologic findings is summarized. The dictionary is built from different sources of terms, including medical vocabularies and chest X-ray reports. The relevance of each source is estimated using the proportions with which they can be found in the final edition of the dictionary
A dictionary to identify small molecules and drugs in free text.

Science.gov (United States)

Hettne, Kristina M; Stierum, Rob H; Schuemie, Martijn J; Hendriksen, Peter J M; Schijvenaars, Bob J A; Mulligen, Erik M van; Kleinjans, Jos; Kors, Jan A

2009-11-15

From the scientific community, a lot of effort has been spent on the correct identification of gene and protein names in text, while less effort has been spent on the correct identification of chemical names. Dictionary-based term identification has the power to recognize the diverse representation of chemical information in the literature and map the chemicals to their database identifiers. We developed a dictionary for the identification of small molecules and drugs in text, combining information from UMLS, MeSH, ChEBI, DrugBank, KEGG, HMDB and ChemIDplus. Rule-based term filtering, manual check of highly frequent terms and disambiguation rules were applied. We tested the combined dictionary and the dictionaries derived from the individual resources on an annotated corpus, and conclude the following: (i) each of the different processing steps increase precision with a minor loss of recall; (ii) the overall performance of the combined dictionary is acceptable (precision 0.67, recall 0.40 (0.80 for trivial names); (iii) the combined dictionary performed better than the dictionary in the chemical recognizer OSCAR3; (iv) the performance of a dictionary based on ChemIDplus alone is comparable to the performance of the combined dictionary. The combined dictionary is freely available as an XML file in Simple Knowledge Organization System format on the web site http://www.biosemantics.org/chemlist.
The chemical component dictionary: complete descriptions of constituent molecules in experimentally determined 3D macromolecules in the Protein Data Bank

OpenAIRE

Westbrook, John D.; Shao, Chenghua; Feng, Zukang; Zhuravleva, Marina; Velankar, Sameer; Young, Jasmine

2014-01-01

Summary: The Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD) is a chemical reference data resource that describes all residue and small molecule components found in Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries. The CCD contains detailed chemical descriptions for standard and modified amino acids/nucleotides, small molecule ligands and solvent molecules. Each chemical definition includes descriptions of chemical properties such as stereochemical assignments, chemical descriptors, systematic chemical names and idealize...
Lexicographic Approaches to Sense Disambiguation in Monolingual Dictionaries and Equivalent Differentiation in Bilingual Dictionaries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marjeta Vrbinc

2011-05-01

Full Text Available The article discusses methods of sense disambiguation in monolingual dictionaries and equivalent differentiation in bilingual dictionaries. In current dictionaries, sense disambiguation and equivalent differentiation is presented in the form of specifiers or glosses, collocators or indications of context, (domain labels, metalinguistic and encyclopaedic information. Each method is presented and illustrated by actual samples of dictionary articles taken from mono and bilingual dictionaries. The last part of the article is devoted to equivalent differentiation in bilingual decoding dictionaries. In bilingual dictionaries, equivalent differentiation is often needed to describe the lack of agreement between the source language (SL and target language (TL. The article concludes by stating that equivalent differentiation should be written in the native language of the target audience and sense indicators in a monolingual learner’s dictionary should be words that the users are most familiar with.
New Proposals for the Design of Integrated Online Wine Industry Dictionaries

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Leroyer, Patrick

2013-01-01

Abstract: The specialised lexicographic treatment of oenology and viticulture usually consists in the compiling of articles describing the language of wine in general language dictionaries, or presenting professional knowledge of wine in specialised multi-field dictionaries and encyclopedias. Thi...... dictionaries should not stand alone, as they could benefit from a full integration with the websites of the wine industry, and consequently transform into genuine lexicographic information tools.......Abstract: The specialised lexicographic treatment of oenology and viticulture usually consists in the compiling of articles describing the language of wine in general language dictionaries, or presenting professional knowledge of wine in specialised multi-field dictionaries and encyclopedias....... This treatment also encompasses the terminological compilation of single field dictionaries describing the language and/or knowledge of wine. Lexicographically speaking, all this is but a fraction of the complete picture. Indeed, the specialised lexicography of oenology and viticulture is multifaceted and goes...
Deriving consumer-facing disease concepts for family health histories using multi-source sampling.

Science.gov (United States)

Hulse, Nathan C; Wood, Grant M; Haug, Peter J; Williams, Marc S

2010-10-01

The family health history has long been recognized as an effective way of understanding individuals' susceptibility to familial disease; yet electronic tools to support the capture and use of these data have been characterized as inadequate. As part of an ongoing effort to build patient-facing tools for entering detailed family health histories, we have compiled a set of concepts specific to familial disease using multi-source sampling. These concepts were abstracted by analyzing family health history data patterns in our enterprise data warehouse, collection patterns of consumer personal health records, analyses from the local state health department, a healthcare data dictionary, and concepts derived from genetic-oriented consumer education materials. Collectively, these sources yielded a set of more than 500 unique disease concepts, represented by more than 2500 synonyms for supporting patients in entering coded family health histories. We expect that these concepts will be useful in providing meaningful data and education resources for patients and providers alike.
Trends analysis of PM source contributions and chemical tracers in NE Spain during 2004–2014: a multi-exponential approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Pandolfi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In this work for the first time data from two twin stations (Barcelona, urban background, and Montseny, regional background, located in the northeast (NE of Spain, were used to study the trends of the concentrations of different chemical species in PM10 and PM2.5 along with the trends of the PM10 source contributions from the positive matrix factorization (PMF model. Eleven years of chemical data (2004–2014 were used for this study. Trends of both species concentrations and source contributions were studied using the Mann–Kendall test for linear trends and a new approach based on multi-exponential fit of the data. Despite the fact that different PM fractions (PM2.5, PM10 showed linear decreasing trends at both stations, the contributions of specific sources of pollutants and of their chemical tracers showed exponential decreasing trends. The different types of trends observed reflected the different effectiveness and/or time of implementation of the measures taken to reduce the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants. Moreover, the trends of the contributions of specific sources such as those related with industrial activities and with primary energy consumption mirrored the effect of the financial crisis in Spain from 2008. The sources that showed statistically significant downward trends at both Barcelona (BCN and Montseny (MSY during 2004–2014 were secondary sulfate, secondary nitrate, and V–Ni-bearing source. The contributions from these sources decreased exponentially during the considered period, indicating that the observed reductions were not gradual and consistent over time. Conversely, the trends were less steep at the end of the period compared to the beginning, thus likely indicating the attainment of a lower limit. Moreover, statistically significant decreasing trends were observed for the contributions to PM from the industrial/traffic source at MSY (mixed metallurgy and road traffic and from the industrial (metallurgy
Online dictionaries

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tarp, Sven

2012-01-01

This article initially provides a panoramic overview and a preliminary typologization of present and future online dictionaries based upon their application of the available technologies and suggests that the future of lexicography will be the development of highly sophisticated tools which may......, need, consultation, and data. The article then proceeds to the discussion of some advanced information science techniques that may contribute to the desired individualization. Upon this basis, it finally discusses the interaction between online dictionaries and external sources like the Internet...
Dictionary-Based Tensor Canonical Polyadic Decomposition

Science.gov (United States)

Cohen, Jeremy Emile; Gillis, Nicolas

2018-04-01

To ensure interpretability of extracted sources in tensor decomposition, we introduce in this paper a dictionary-based tensor canonical polyadic decomposition which enforces one factor to belong exactly to a known dictionary. A new formulation of sparse coding is proposed which enables high dimensional tensors dictionary-based canonical polyadic decomposition. The benefits of using a dictionary in tensor decomposition models are explored both in terms of parameter identifiability and estimation accuracy. Performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated on the decomposition of simulated data and the unmixing of hyperspectral images.
The Use of Hyper-Reference and Conventional Dictionaries.

Science.gov (United States)

Aust, Ronald; And Others

1993-01-01

Describes a study of 80 undergraduate foreign language learners that compared the use of a hyper-reference source incorporating an electronic dictionary and a conventional paper dictionary. Measures of consultation frequency, study time, efficiency, and comprehension are examined; bilingual and monolingual dictionary use is compared; and further…
From cardinal spline wavelet bases to highly coherent dictionaries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrle, Miroslav; Rebollo-Neira, Laura

2008-01-01

Wavelet families arise by scaling and translations of a prototype function, called the mother wavelet. The construction of wavelet bases for cardinal spline spaces is generally carried out within the multi-resolution analysis scheme. Thus, the usual way of increasing the dimension of the multi-resolution subspaces is by augmenting the scaling factor. We show here that, when working on a compact interval, the identical effect can be achieved without changing the wavelet scale but reducing the translation parameter. By such a procedure we generate a redundant frame, called a dictionary, spanning the same spaces as a wavelet basis but with wavelets of broader support. We characterize the correlation of the dictionary elements by measuring their 'coherence' and produce examples illustrating the relevance of highly coherent dictionaries to problems of sparse signal representation. (fast track communication)
Investigations of Orchestra Auralizations Using the Multi-Channel Multi-Source Auralization Technique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vigeant, Michelle; Wang, Lily M.; Rindel, Jens Holger

2008-01-01

a multi-channel multi-source auralization technique, involving individual five-channel anechoic recordings of each instrumental part of two symphonies. In the first study, these auralizations were subjectively compared to orchestra auralizations made using (a) a single omni-directional source, (b......) a surface source, and (c) single-channel multi-source method. Results show that the multi-source auralizations were rated to be more realistic than the surface source ones and to have larger source width than the single omni-directional source auralizations. No significant differences were found between......Room acoustics computer modeling is a tool for generating impulse responses and auralizations from modeled spaces. The auralizations are commonly made from a single-channel anechoic recording of solo instruments. For this investigation, auralizations of an entire orchestra were created using...
Patient-Specific Seizure Detection in Long-Term EEG Using Signal-Derived Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD)-based Dictionary Approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaleem, Muhammad; Gurve, Dharmendra; Guergachi, Aziz; Krishnan, Sridhar

2018-06-25

The objective of the work described in this paper is development of a computationally efficient methodology for patient-specific automatic seizure detection in long-term multi-channel EEG recordings. Approach: A novel patient-specific seizure detection approach based on signal-derived Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD)-based dictionary approach is proposed. For this purpose, we use an empirical framework for EMD-based dictionary creation and learning, inspired by traditional dictionary learning methods, in which the EMD-based dictionary is learned from the multi-channel EEG data being analyzed for automatic seizure detection. We present the algorithm for dictionary creation and learning, whose purpose is to learn dictionaries with a small number of atoms. Using training signals belonging to seizure and non-seizure classes, an initial dictionary, termed as the raw dictionary, is formed. The atoms of the raw dictionary are composed of intrinsic mode functions obtained after decomposition of the training signals using the empirical mode decomposition algorithm. The raw dictionary is then trained using a learning algorithm, resulting in a substantial decrease in the number of atoms in the trained dictionary. The trained dictionary is then used for automatic seizure detection, such that coefficients of orthogonal projections of test signals against the trained dictionary form the features used for classification of test signals into seizure and non-seizure classes. Thus no hand-engineered features have to be extracted from the data as in traditional seizure detection approaches. Main results: The performance of the proposed approach is validated using the CHB-MIT benchmark database, and averaged accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values of 92.9%, 94.3% and 91.5%, respectively, are obtained using support vector machine classifier and five-fold cross-validation method. These results are compared with other approaches using the same database, and the suitability
Multi-scale spatial modeling of human exposure from local sources to global intake

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wannaz, Cedric; Fantke, Peter; Jolliet, Olivier

2018-01-01

Exposure studies, used in human health risk and impact assessments of chemicals are largely performed locally or regionally. It is usually not known how global impacts resulting from exposure to point source emissions compare to local impacts. To address this problem, we introduce Pangea......, an innovative multi-scale, spatial multimedia fate and exposure assessment model. We study local to global population exposure associated with emissions from 126 point sources matching locations of waste-to-energy plants across France. Results for three chemicals with distinct physicochemical properties...... occur within a 100 km radius from the source. This suggests that, by neglecting distant low-level exposure, local assessments might only account for fractions of global cumulative intakes. We also study ~10,000 emission locations covering France more densely to determine per chemical and exposure route...
LeadMine: a grammar and dictionary driven approach to entity recognition

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Background Chemical entity recognition has traditionally been performed by machine learning approaches. Here we describe an approach using grammars and dictionaries. This approach has the advantage that the entities found can be directly related to a given grammar or dictionary, which allows the type of an entity to be known and, if an entity is misannotated, indicates which resource should be corrected. As recognition is driven by what is expected, if spelling errors occur, they can be corrected. Correcting such errors is highly useful when attempting to lookup an entity in a database or, in the case of chemical names, converting them to structures. Results Our system uses a mixture of expertly curated grammars and dictionaries, as well as dictionaries automatically derived from public resources. We show that the heuristics developed to filter our dictionary of trivial chemical names (from PubChem) yields a better performing dictionary than the previously published Jochem dictionary. Our final system performs post-processing steps to modify the boundaries of entities and to detect abbreviations. These steps are shown to significantly improve performance (2.6% and 4.0% F1-score respectively). Our complete system, with incremental post-BioCreative workshop improvements, achieves 89.9% precision and 85.4% recall (87.6% F1-score) on the CHEMDNER test set. Conclusions Grammar and dictionary approaches can produce results at least as good as the current state of the art in machine learning approaches. While machine learning approaches are commonly thought of as "black box" systems, our approach directly links the output entities to the input dictionaries and grammars. Our approach also allows correction of errors in detected entities, which can assist with entity resolution. PMID:25810776
Nikkaji Dictionary: レベルシン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term レベルシン名詞一般 * * * * レベルシン ... Nikkaji J2.006.667I 200906023817912954 C CA06 MULTI_WORD レベルシン
Nikkaji Dictionary: 炭酸エチレン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 炭酸エチレン名詞一般 * * * * 炭酸エチレン ... Nikkaji J360C 200906043632968938 C CA06 MULTI_WORD 炭酸エチレン
FUSION OF MULTI-SCALE DEMS FROM DESCENT AND NAVCM IMAGES OF CHANG’E-3 USING COMPRESSED SENSING METHOD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Peng

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The multi-source DEMs generated using the images acquired in the descent and landing phase and after landing contain supplementary information, and this makes it possible and beneficial to produce a higher-quality DEM through fusing the multi-scale DEMs. The proposed fusion method consists of three steps. First, source DEMs are split into small DEM patches, then the DEM patches are classified into a few groups by local density peaks clustering. Next, the grouped DEM patches are used for sub-dictionary learning by stochastic coordinate coding. The trained sub-dictionaries are combined into a dictionary for sparse representation. Finally, the simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP algorithm is used to achieve sparse representation. We use the real DEMs generated from Chang’e-3 descent images and navigation camera (Navcam stereo images to validate the proposed method. Through the experiments, we have reconstructed a seamless DEM with the highest resolution and the largest spatial coverage among the input data. The experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: DNA変異解析 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term DNA変異解析名詞サ変接続 * * * * DNA変異解析 ... MeSH D004252 200906076541975830 C LS03 MULTI_WORD DNA 変異解析
Dictionary Learning on the Manifold of Square Root Densities and Application to Reconstruction of Diffusion Propagator Fields*

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Jiaqi; Xie, Yuchen; Ye, Wenxing; Ho, Jeffrey; Entezari, Alireza; Blackband, Stephen J.

2013-01-01

In this paper, we present a novel dictionary learning framework for data lying on the manifold of square root densities and apply it to the reconstruction of diffusion propagator (DP) fields given a multi-shell diffusion MRI data set. Unlike most of the existing dictionary learning algorithms which rely on the assumption that the data points are vectors in some Euclidean space, our dictionary learning algorithm is designed to incorporate the intrinsic geometric structure of manifolds and performs better than traditional dictionary learning approaches when applied to data lying on the manifold of square root densities. Non-negativity as well as smoothness across the whole field of the reconstructed DPs is guaranteed in our approach. We demonstrate the advantage of our approach by comparing it with an existing dictionary based reconstruction method on synthetic and real multi-shell MRI data. PMID:24684004

Multi-source remote sensing data management system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Qin Kai; Zhao Yingjun; Lu Donghua; Zhang Donghui; Wu Wenhuan

2014-01-01

In this thesis, the author explored multi-source management problems of remote sensing data. The main idea is to use the mosaic dataset model, and the ways of an integreted display of image and its interpretation. Based on ArcGIS and IMINT feature knowledge platform, the author used the C# and other programming tools for development work, so as to design and implement multi-source remote sensing data management system function module which is able to simply, conveniently and efficiently manage multi-source remote sensing data. (authors)
Nikkaji Dictionary: 硫酸エチレン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 硫酸エチレン名詞一般 * * * * 硫酸エチレン ... Nikkaji J1.190.180H 200906045481045681 C CA06 MULTI_WORD 硫酸エチレン
Nikkaji Dictionary: ニトロメタン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ニトロメタン名詞一般 * * * * ニトロメタン ... Nikkaji J2.393K 200906055908504262 C CA06 MULTI_WORD ニトロメタン
Nikkaji Dictionary: ステントリン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ステントリン名詞一般 * * * * ステントリン ... Nikkaji J750.040H 200906020329923220 C CA06 MULTI_WORD ステントリン
Getting the Most out of the Dictionary

Science.gov (United States)

Marckwardt, Albert H.

2012-01-01

The usefulness of the dictionary as a reliable source of information for word meanings, spelling, and pronunciation is widely recognized. But even in these obvious matters, the information that the dictionary has to offer is not always accurately interpreted. With respect to pronunciation there seem to be two general pitfalls: (1) the…
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 付着部位 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 付着部位名詞一般 * * * * 付着部位【微生物学】 ... MeSH D001287 200906089328759583 C CA22 MULTI_WORD 付着部位
Nikkaji Dictionary: バルサルタン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term バルサルタン名詞一般 * * * * バルサルタン ... Nikkaji J550.722G 200906040213256090 C CA06/LS44 MULTI_WORD バルサルタン
Screening the Emission Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in China Based on Multi-effect Evaluation

Science.gov (United States)

Niu, H., Jr.

2015-12-01

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere have adverse impacts via three main pathways: photochemical ozone formation, secondary organic aerosol production, and direct toxicity to humans. Few studies have integrated these effects to prioritize control measures for VOCs sources. In this study, we developed a multi-effect evaluation methodology based on updated emission inventories and source profiles, which was combined with ozone formation potential (OFP), secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP), and VOC toxicity data to identify important emission sources and key species. We derived species-specific emission inventories for 152 sources. The OFPs, SOAPs, and toxicity of each source were determined, and the contribution and share of each source to each of these adverse effects was calculated. Weightings were given to the three adverse effects by expert scoring, and the integrated impact was determined. Using 2012 as the base year, solvent usage and industrial process were found to be the most important anthropogenic sources, accounting for 24.2 and 23.1% of the integrated environmental effect, respectively. This was followed by biomass burning, transportation, and fossil fuel combustion, all of which had a similar contribution ranging from 16.7 to 18.6%. The top five industrial sources, including plastic products, rubber products, chemical fiber products, the chemical industry, and oil refining, accounted for nearly 70.0% of industrial emissions. In China, emissions reductions are required for styrene, toluene, ethylene, benzene, and m/p-xylene. The 10 most abundant chemical species contributed 76.5% of the integrated impact. Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Guangdong were the five leading provinces when considering the integrated effects. Besides, the chemical mass balance model (CMB) was used to verify the VOCs inventories of 47 cities in China, so as to optimize our evaluation results. We suggest that multi-effect evaluation is necessary to
Multi-stage gene normalization for full-text articles with context-based species filtering for dynamic dictionary entry selection.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsai, Richard Tzong-Han; Lai, Po-Ting

2011-10-03

Gene normalization (GN) is the task of identifying the unique database IDs of genes and proteins in literature. The best-known public competition of GN systems is the GN task of the BioCreative challenge, which has been held four times since 2003. The last two BioCreatives, II.5 & III, had two significant differences from earlier tasks: firstly, they provided full-length articles in addition to abstracts; and secondly, they included multiple species without providing species ID information. Full papers introduce more complex targets for GN processing, while the inclusion of multiple species vastly increases the potential size of dictionaries needed for GN. BioCreative III GN uses Threshold Average Precision at a median of k errors per query (TAP-k), a new measure closely related to the well-known average precision, but also reflecting the reliability of the score provided by each GN system. To use full-paper text, we employed a multi-stage GN algorithm and a ranking method which exploit information in different sections and parts of a paper. To handle the inclusion of multiple unknown species, we developed two context-based dynamic strategies to select dictionary entries related to the species that appear in the paper-section-wide and article-wide context. Our originally submitted BioCreative III system uses a static dictionary containing only the most common species entries. It already exceeds the BioCreative III average team performance by at least 24% in every evaluation. However, using our proposed dynamic dictionary strategies, we were able to further improve TAP-5, TAP-10, and TAP-20 by 16.47%, 13.57% and 6.01%, respectively in the Gold 50 test set. Our best dynamic strategy outperforms the best BioCreative III systems in TAP-10 on the Silver 50 test set and in TAP-5 on the Silver 507 set. Our experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed dynamic dictionary selection strategies over our original static strategy and most BioCreative III
Sensor-based vibration signal feature extraction using an improved composite dictionary matching pursuit algorithm.

Science.gov (United States)

Cui, Lingli; Wu, Na; Wang, Wenjing; Kang, Chenhui

2014-09-09

This paper presents a new method for a composite dictionary matching pursuit algorithm, which is applied to vibration sensor signal feature extraction and fault diagnosis of a gearbox. Three advantages are highlighted in the new method. First, the composite dictionary in the algorithm has been changed from multi-atom matching to single-atom matching. Compared to non-composite dictionary single-atom matching, the original composite dictionary multi-atom matching pursuit (CD-MaMP) algorithm can achieve noise reduction in the reconstruction stage, but it cannot dramatically reduce the computational cost and improve the efficiency in the decomposition stage. Therefore, the optimized composite dictionary single-atom matching algorithm (CD-SaMP) is proposed. Second, the termination condition of iteration based on the attenuation coefficient is put forward to improve the sparsity and efficiency of the algorithm, which adjusts the parameters of the termination condition constantly in the process of decomposition to avoid noise. Third, composite dictionaries are enriched with the modulation dictionary, which is one of the important structural characteristics of gear fault signals. Meanwhile, the termination condition of iteration settings, sub-feature dictionary selections and operation efficiency between CD-MaMP and CD-SaMP are discussed, aiming at gear simulation vibration signals with noise. The simulation sensor-based vibration signal results show that the termination condition of iteration based on the attenuation coefficient enhances decomposition sparsity greatly and achieves a good effect of noise reduction. Furthermore, the modulation dictionary achieves a better matching effect compared to the Fourier dictionary, and CD-SaMP has a great advantage of sparsity and efficiency compared with the CD-MaMP. The sensor-based vibration signals measured from practical engineering gearbox analyses have further shown that the CD-SaMP decomposition and reconstruction algorithm
Sensor-Based Vibration Signal Feature Extraction Using an Improved Composite Dictionary Matching Pursuit Algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lingli Cui

2014-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a new method for a composite dictionary matching pursuit algorithm, which is applied to vibration sensor signal feature extraction and fault diagnosis of a gearbox. Three advantages are highlighted in the new method. First, the composite dictionary in the algorithm has been changed from multi-atom matching to single-atom matching. Compared to non-composite dictionary single-atom matching, the original composite dictionary multi-atom matching pursuit (CD-MaMP algorithm can achieve noise reduction in the reconstruction stage, but it cannot dramatically reduce the computational cost and improve the efficiency in the decomposition stage. Therefore, the optimized composite dictionary single-atom matching algorithm (CD-SaMP is proposed. Second, the termination condition of iteration based on the attenuation coefficient is put forward to improve the sparsity and efficiency of the algorithm, which adjusts the parameters of the termination condition constantly in the process of decomposition to avoid noise. Third, composite dictionaries are enriched with the modulation dictionary, which is one of the important structural characteristics of gear fault signals. Meanwhile, the termination condition of iteration settings, sub-feature dictionary selections and operation efficiency between CD-MaMP and CD-SaMP are discussed, aiming at gear simulation vibration signals with noise. The simulation sensor-based vibration signal results show that the termination condition of iteration based on the attenuation coefficient enhances decomposition sparsity greatly and achieves a good effect of noise reduction. Furthermore, the modulation dictionary achieves a better matching effect compared to the Fourier dictionary, and CD-SaMP has a great advantage of sparsity and efficiency compared with the CD-MaMP. The sensor-based vibration signals measured from practical engineering gearbox analyses have further shown that the CD-SaMP decomposition and
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 獣医学教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 獣医学教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 獣医学教育 ... MeSH D004520 200906017303390100 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 獣医学教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 原形質連絡 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 原形質連絡名詞サ変接続 * * * * 原形質連絡 ... MeSH D031425 200906044945934275 C LS17 MULTI_WORD 原形質連絡
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 予約と予定 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予約と予定名詞サ変接続 * * * * 予約と予定 ... MeSH D001071 200906035780472582 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 予約と予定
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯の石灰化 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯の石灰化名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯の石灰化 ... MeSH D014074 200906088431274796 C LS12 MULTI_WORD 歯の石灰化
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院人事管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院人事管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 病院人事管理 ... MeSH D010557 200906060932138653 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院人事管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ナデシコ属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ナデシコ属名詞サ変接続 * * * * ナデシコ属 ... MeSH D029749 200906077975292087 C LS06 MULTI_WORD ナデシコ属
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 染色体分離 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 染色体分離名詞サ変接続 * * * * 染色体分離 ... MeSH D020090 200906072249694913 C LS17 MULTI_WORD 染色体分離
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 白血球分離 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 白血球分離名詞サ変接続 * * * * 白血球分離 ... MeSH D007937 200906081034660715 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 白血球分離
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 心理テスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 心理テスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * 心理テスト ... MeSH D011581 200906074881638444 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 心理テスト

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 皮内テスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 皮内テスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * 皮内テスト ... MeSH D007428 200906027214933189 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 皮内テスト
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 麻酔前投薬 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 麻酔前投薬名詞サ変接続 * * * * 麻酔前投薬 ... MeSH D011229 200906041637562074 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 麻酔前投薬
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌの病気 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌの病気名詞サ変接続 * * * * イヌの病気 ... MeSH D004283 200906044755837508 C LS56 MULTI_WORD イヌの病気
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌゴマ属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌゴマ属名詞サ変接続 * * * * イヌゴマ属 ... MeSH D031366 200906097608926429 C LS06 MULTI_WORD イヌゴマ属
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 習慣性流産 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 習慣性流産名詞サ変接続 * * * * 習慣性流産 ... MeSH D000026 200906042578108654 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 習慣性流産
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 溶血性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 溶血性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 溶血性貧血 ... MeSH D000743 200906028712677110 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 溶血性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 新生児貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 新生児貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 新生児貧血 ... MeSH D000751 200906064749487954 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 新生児貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 治療的流産 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 治療的流産名詞サ変接続 * * * * 治療的流産 ... MeSH D000032 200906045728492139 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 治療的流産
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 亜急性治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 亜急性治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 亜急性治療 ... MeSH D019467 200906003466097590 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 亜急性治療
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 無報酬治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 無報酬治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 無報酬治療 ... MeSH D017664 200906066905625583 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 無報酬治療
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 化学的抑制 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 化学的抑制名詞サ変接続 * * * * 化学的抑制 ... MeSH D003864 200906087388495639 C LS43 MULTI_WORD 化学的抑制
Nikkaji Dictionary: ニトロエチレン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ニトロエチレン名詞一般 * * * * ニトロエチレン ... Nikkaji J149.597F 200906087739052437 C CA06 MULTI_WORD ニトロエチレン
NMR structure calculation for all small molecule ligands and non-standard residues from the PDB Chemical Component Dictionary

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yilmaz, Emel Maden; Güntert, Peter, E-mail: guentert@em.uni-frankfurt.de [Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Institute of Biophysical Chemistry (Germany)

2015-09-15

An algorithm, CYLIB, is presented for converting molecular topology descriptions from the PDB Chemical Component Dictionary into CYANA residue library entries. The CYANA structure calculation algorithm uses torsion angle molecular dynamics for the efficient computation of three-dimensional structures from NMR-derived restraints. For this, the molecules have to be represented in torsion angle space with rotations around covalent single bonds as the only degrees of freedom. The molecule must be given a tree structure of torsion angles connecting rigid units composed of one or several atoms with fixed relative positions. Setting up CYANA residue library entries therefore involves, besides straightforward format conversion, the non-trivial step of defining a suitable tree structure of torsion angles, and to re-order the atoms in a way that is compatible with this tree structure. This can be done manually for small numbers of ligands but the process is time-consuming and error-prone. An automated method is necessary in order to handle the large number of different potential ligand molecules to be studied in drug design projects. Here, we present an algorithm for this purpose, and show that CYANA structure calculations can be performed with almost all small molecule ligands and non-standard amino acid residues in the PDB Chemical Component Dictionary.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 栄養素過剰 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 栄養素過剰名詞形容動詞語幹 * * * * 栄養素過剰 ... MeSH D044343 200906098421418663 C LS73 MULTI_WORD 栄養素過剰
Nikkaji Dictionary: 亜硫酸エチレン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 亜硫酸エチレン名詞一般 * * * * 亜硫酸エチレン ... Nikkaji J1.172.342J 200906087094559337 C CA06 MULTI_WORD 亜硫酸エチレン
Nikkaji Dictionary: バイオマイシン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term バイオマイシン名詞一般 * * * * バイオマイシン ... Nikkaji J358.703G 200906068780025603 C CA06 MULTI_WORD バイオマイシン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院教育部門 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院教育部門名詞一般 * * * * 病院教育部門 ... MeSH D004494 200906079476731870 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院教育部門
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 早期介入(教育) [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 早期介入(教育) 名詞一般 * * * * 早期介入(教育) ... MeSH D018479 200906083619290495 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 早期介入 ( 教育 )
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 知覚芸術療法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 知覚芸術療法名詞一般 * * * * 知覚芸術療法 ... MeSH D026421 200906073979512183 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 知覚芸術療法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 聴覚知覚障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 聴覚知覚障害名詞一般 * * * * 聴覚知覚障害 ... MeSH D006311 200906076519692875 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 聴覚知覚障害

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯の構成部分 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯の構成部分名詞一般 * * * * 歯の構成部分 ... MeSH D019589 200906027926995130 C LS16 MULTI_WORD 歯の構成部分
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 診療録管理者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 診療録管理者名詞一般 * * * * 診療録管理者 ... MeSH D008497 200906084557321522 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 診療録管理者
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 神経栄養血管 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 神経栄養血管名詞一般 * * * * 神経栄養血管 ... MeSH D014650 200906084769098181 C LS16 MULTI_WORD 神経栄養血管
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 肥満細胞肉腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 肥満細胞肉腫名詞一般 * * * * 肥満細胞肉腫 ... MeSH D012515 200906075499441246 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 肥満細胞肉腫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 肥満症マウス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 肥満症マウス名詞一般 * * * * 肥満症マウス ... MeSH D008820 200906044986010347 C LS05 MULTI_WORD 肥満症マウス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 口腔白色浮腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 口腔白色浮腫名詞一般 * * * * 口腔白色浮腫 ... MeSH D007967 200906017342545978 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 口腔白色浮腫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 実験的糖尿病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 実験的糖尿病名詞一般 * * * * 実験的糖尿病 ... MeSH D003921 200906030578537980 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 実験的糖尿病
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 前糖尿病状態 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 前糖尿病状態名詞一般 * * * * 前糖尿病状態 ... MeSH D011236 200906003010505394 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 前糖尿病状態
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 糖尿病合併症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖尿病合併症名詞一般 * * * * 糖尿病合併症 ... MeSH D048909 200906084862461407 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 糖尿病合併症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 宗教団体病院 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 宗教団体病院名詞一般 * * * * 宗教団体病院 ... MeSH D016519 200906008034595841 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 宗教団体病院
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 神経内分泌学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 神経内分泌学名詞一般 * * * * 神経内分泌学 ... MeSH D009452 200906017232481117 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 神経内分泌学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 電子X線写真法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 電子X線写真法名詞一般 * * * * 電子X線写真法 ... MeSH D014986 200906039861419983 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 電子 X線写真法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｘ線フィルム [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｘ線フィルム名詞一般 * * * * X線フィルム ... MeSH D014962 200906032028494217 C LS54 MULTI_WORD Ｘ線フィルム
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生物学的現象 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生物学的現象名詞一般 * * * * 生物学的現象 ... MeSH D001686 200906010674913976 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 生物学的現象
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 土壌微生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 土壌微生物学名詞一般 * * * * 土壌微生物学 ... MeSH D012988 200906019684241337 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 土壌微生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 放射線生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 放射線生物学名詞一般 * * * * 放射線生物学 ... MeSH D011853 200906033522544703 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 放射線生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 水中微生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 水中微生物学名詞一般 * * * * 水中微生物学 ... MeSH D014871 200906037590846551 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 水中微生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 環境微生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 環境微生物学名詞一般 * * * * 環境微生物学 ... MeSH D004783 200906018541182430 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 環境微生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 微生物学技術 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 微生物学技術名詞一般 * * * * 微生物学技術 ... MeSH D008828 200906004427418156 C LS03 MULTI_WORD 微生物学技術
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 食品微生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 食品微生物学名詞一般 * * * * 食品微生物学 ... MeSH D005516 200906003748444187 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 食品微生物学

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生物学的製剤 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生物学的製剤名詞一般 * * * * 生物学的製剤 ... MeSH D001688 200906093157491878 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 生物学的製剤
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 空気微生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 空気微生物学名詞一般 * * * * 空気微生物学 ... MeSH D000391 200906066902213632 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 空気微生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 工業微生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 工業微生物学名詞一般 * * * * 工業微生物学 ... MeSH D007218 200906060828127240 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 工業微生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 間葉軟骨肉腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 間葉軟骨肉腫名詞一般 * * * * 間葉軟骨肉腫 ... MeSH D018211 200906061984973689 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 間葉軟骨肉腫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｂ型肝炎抗原 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｂ型肝炎抗原名詞一般 * * * * B型肝炎抗原 ... MeSH D006511 200906050785177065 C LS19 MULTI_WORD Ｂ型肝炎抗原
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ａ型肝炎抗体 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ａ型肝炎抗体名詞一般 * * * * A型肝炎抗体 ... MeSH D035922 200906001654221670 C LS33 MULTI_WORD Ａ型肝炎抗体
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ａ型肝炎抗原 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ａ型肝炎抗原名詞一般 * * * * A型肝炎抗原 ... MeSH D035921 200906080023785633 C LS19 MULTI_WORD Ａ型肝炎抗原
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｄ型慢性肝炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｄ型慢性肝炎名詞一般 * * * * D型慢性肝炎 ... MeSH D019701 200906044714680645 C LS51 MULTI_WORD Ｄ型慢性肝炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｂ型慢性肝炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｂ型慢性肝炎名詞一般 * * * * B型慢性肝炎 ... MeSH D019694 200906015855744949 C LS51 MULTI_WORD Ｂ型慢性肝炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｃ型肝炎抗原 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｃ型肝炎抗原名詞一般 * * * * C型肝炎抗原 ... MeSH D018936 200906007698803585 C LS19 MULTI_WORD Ｃ型肝炎抗原
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｃ型肝炎抗体 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｃ型肝炎抗体名詞一般 * * * * C型肝炎抗体 ... MeSH D018937 200906020073932782 C LS33 MULTI_WORD Ｃ型肝炎抗体
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: Ｂ型肝炎抗体 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term Ｂ型肝炎抗体名詞一般 * * * * B型肝炎抗体 ... MeSH D006510 200906086024466483 C LS33 MULTI_WORD Ｂ型肝炎抗体
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 赤血球増加症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 赤血球増加症名詞一般 * * * * 赤血球増加症 ... MeSH D011086 200906023006680700 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 赤血球増加症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 染色体脆弱性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 染色体脆弱性名詞一般 * * * * 染色体脆弱性 ... MeSH D002873 200906027020200245 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 染色体脆弱性
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医学的心理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医学的心理学名詞一般 * * * * 医学的心理学 ... MeSH D011591 200906088576890150 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医学的心理学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 逆転移(心理学) [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 逆転移(心理学) 名詞一般 * * * * 逆転移(心理学) ... MeSH D003379 200906090716586443 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 逆転移 ( 心理学 )
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 心理学的技術 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 心理学的技術名詞一般 * * * * 心理学的技術 ... MeSH D011580 200906057910785735 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 心理学的技術
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 小児栄養障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 小児栄養障害名詞一般 * * * * 小児栄養障害 ... MeSH D015362 200906040396967713 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 小児栄養障害
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 胎児栄養障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 胎児栄養障害名詞一般 * * * * 胎児栄養障害 ... MeSH D048070 200906067406427254 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 胎児栄養障害
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 乳児栄養障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 乳児栄養障害名詞一般 * * * * 乳児栄養障害 ... MeSH D007228 200906022709072706 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 乳児栄養障害

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 血液循環時間 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 血液循環時間名詞一般 * * * * 血液循環時間 ... MeSH D001776 200906021080075204 C LS12 MULTI_WORD 血液循環時間
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 抗マラリア薬 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 抗マラリア薬名詞一般 * * * * 抗マラリア薬 ... MeSH D000962 200906053465626570 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 抗マラリア薬
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 環境公衆衛生 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 環境公衆衛生名詞一般 * * * * 環境公衆衛生 ... MeSH D012499 200906044663022451 C LS55 MULTI_WORD 環境公衆衛生
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 社会環境療法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 社会環境療法名詞一般 * * * * 社会環境療法 ... MeSH D012960 200906010881092117 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 社会環境療法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 情動ストレス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 情動ストレス名詞一般 * * * * 情動ストレス ... MeSH D013315 200906028681339882 C LS11 MULTI_WORD 情動ストレス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 疾病媒介クモ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 疾病媒介クモ名詞一般 * * * * 疾病媒介クモ ... MeSH D001096 200906003597137422 C LS04 MULTI_WORD 疾病媒介クモ
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ダニ媒介脳炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ダニ媒介脳炎名詞一般 * * * * ダニ媒介脳炎 ... MeSH D004675 200906046872347174 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ダニ媒介脳炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病原媒介動物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病原媒介動物名詞一般 * * * * 病原媒介動物 ... MeSH D004199 200906098869609974 C LS04 MULTI_WORD 病原媒介動物
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 媒介節足動物 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 媒介節足動物名詞一般 * * * * 媒介節足動物 ... MeSH D001179 200906030151898788 C LS04 MULTI_WORD 媒介節足動物
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ダニ媒介疾患 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ダニ媒介疾患名詞一般 * * * * ダニ媒介疾患 ... MeSH D017282 200906056812744544 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ダニ媒介疾患
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 投薬システム [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 投薬システム名詞一般 * * * * 投薬システム ... MeSH D008509 200906009632630135 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 投薬システム
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 抗体結合部位 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 抗体結合部位名詞一般 * * * * 抗体結合部位 ... MeSH D001666 200906036503704731 C LS19 MULTI_WORD 抗体結合部位
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 転写開始部位 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 転写開始部位名詞一般 * * * * 転写開始部位 ... MeSH D024363 200906021771741790 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 転写開始部位
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 配列タグ部位 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 配列タグ部位名詞一般 * * * * 配列タグ部位 ... MeSH D016324 200906098818352677 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 配列タグ部位
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌホオズキ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌホオズキ名詞一般 * * * * イヌホオズキ ... MeSH D032324 200906037982103131 C LS06 MULTI_WORD イヌホオズキ
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌ糸状虫症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌ糸状虫症名詞一般 * * * * イヌ糸状虫症 ... MeSH D004184 200906035719178477 C LS56 MULTI_WORD イヌ糸状虫症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 欠失突然変異 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 欠失突然変異名詞一般 * * * * 欠失突然変異 ... MeSH D017384 200906006292754641 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 欠失突然変異
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 精神身体医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 精神身体医学名詞一般 * * * * 精神身体医学 ... MeSH D011611 200906071635082691 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 精神身体医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 地域精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 地域精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 地域精神医学 ... MeSH D003158 200906081102944867 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 地域精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 老年精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 老年精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 老年精神医学 ... MeSH D005852 200906063076641313 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 老年精神医学

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 矯正精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 矯正精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 矯正精神医学 ... MeSH D009986 200906016564500798 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 矯正精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 青年精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 青年精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 青年精神医学 ... MeSH D000296 200906086680544547 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 青年精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 司法精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 司法精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 司法精神医学 ... MeSH D005555 200906080783197421 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 司法精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 予防精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予防精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 予防精神医学 ... MeSH D011316 200906074213325272 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 予防精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 小児精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 小児精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 小児精神医学 ... MeSH D002665 200906040020988884 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 小児精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 軍事精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 軍事精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 軍事精神医学 ... MeSH D008890 200906001401343809 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 軍事精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医学専門分野 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医学専門分野名詞一般 * * * * 医学専門分野 ... MeSH D013040 200906009156027158 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医学専門分野
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 精神分析療法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 精神分析療法名詞一般 * * * * 精神分析療法 ... MeSH D011575 200906052873268952 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 精神分析療法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: スポーツ外傷 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term スポーツ外傷名詞一般 * * * * スポーツ外傷 ... MeSH D001265 200906048607204348 C LS51 MULTI_WORD スポーツ外傷
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: スポーツ医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term スポーツ医学名詞一般 * * * * スポーツ医学 ... MeSH D013178 200906009251821970 C LS52 MULTI_WORD スポーツ医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院病歴部門 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院病歴部門名詞一般 * * * * 病院病歴部門 ... MeSH D008500 200906024736188026 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院病歴部門
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 抗鎌状貧血薬 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 抗鎌状貧血薬名詞一般 * * * * 抗鎌状貧血薬 ... MeSH D000986 200906051471189227 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 抗鎌状貧血薬
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 治療的同等性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 治療的同等性名詞一般 * * * * 治療的同等性 ... MeSH D013810 200906069676909547 C LS43 MULTI_WORD 治療的同等性
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 腎性高血圧症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 腎性高血圧症名詞一般 * * * * 腎性高血圧症 ... MeSH D006977 200906006407054746 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 腎性高血圧症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 悪性高血圧症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 悪性高血圧症名詞一般 * * * * 悪性高血圧症 ... MeSH D006974 200906051432760243 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 悪性高血圧症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 高血圧性脳症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 高血圧性脳症名詞一般 * * * * 高血圧性脳症 ... MeSH D020343 200906042137094356 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 高血圧性脳症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 組織細胞化学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 組織細胞化学名詞一般 * * * * 組織細胞化学 ... MeSH D006651 200906016360176495 C LS03 MULTI_WORD 組織細胞化学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生化学的現象 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生化学的現象名詞一般 * * * * 生化学的現象 ... MeSH D001669 200906002493918590 C LS31 MULTI_WORD 生化学的現象
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生体無機化学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生体無機化学名詞一般 * * * * 生体無機化学 ... MeSH D015393 200906060643549637 C LS31 MULTI_WORD 生体無機化学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 免疫組織化学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 免疫組織化学名詞一般 * * * * 免疫組織化学 ... MeSH D007150 200906018312109070 C LS03 MULTI_WORD 免疫組織化学

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ベイ領域(化学) [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ベイ領域(化学) 名詞一般 * * * * ベイ領域(化学) ... MeSH D018383 200906075397700638 C CA22 MULTI_WORD ベイ領域 ( 化学 )
Dictionary of chemistry. English/German

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wenske, G.

1992-01-01

This English/German dictionary covers more than 100.000 terms from chemistry, chemical engineering and related fields. It also contains molecular formulas, as well as numerous synonyms and areas of application. IUPAC terminology is emphasized, and outdated or rare terminology is indicated. (MM) [de
Pocket dictionary of laboratory equipment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Junge, H.D.

1987-01-01

This pocket dictionary contains the 2500 most common terms for scientific and technical equipment in chemical laboratories. It is a useful tool for those who are used to communicating in German and English, but have to learn the special terminology in this field. (orig.) [de
On Not Remembering/Knowing the Right Words: The Reverse Dictionary under Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dušan Gabrovšek

2005-06-01

Full Text Available The paper focuses on the onomasiological situation in monolingual dictionary consultation: When the reference need is not the typical one of looking up the meaning of an unfamiliar word or sense, but one of knowing what you want to say/write but cannot think of or do not know the right word(s. There are several English-language reference sources available that attempt to meet this kind of reference need, notably several “reverse” dictionaries, the Longman Lexicon, the Language Activator, the Superthesaurus, and a few more, including one online reference. Such sources are typically hybrid works, in the sense that they try to provide several kinds of lexical information that we normally expect to find selectively in different sources (general dictionaries, thesauruses, dictionaries of quotations, etc.. The work analyzed in some detail is the American Flip Dictionary (Kipfer 2000, designed “for when you know what you want to say but can’t think of the word” (cover subtitle. User perspective in particular is highlighted.
Fast dictionary generation and searching for magnetic resonance fingerprinting.

Science.gov (United States)

Jun Xie; Mengye Lyu; Jian Zhang; Hui, Edward S; Wu, Ed X; Ze Wang

2017-07-01

A super-fast dictionary generation and searching (DGS) algorithm was developed for MR parameter quantification using magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF). MRF is a new technique for simultaneously quantifying multiple MR parameters using one temporally resolved MR scan. But it has a multiplicative computation complexity, resulting in a big burden of dictionary generating, saving, and retrieving, which can easily be intractable for any state-of-art computers. Based on retrospective analysis of the dictionary matching object function, a multi-scale ZOOM like DGS algorithm, dubbed as MRF-ZOOM, was proposed. MRF ZOOM is quasi-parameter-separable so the multiplicative computation complexity is broken into additive one. Evaluations showed that MRF ZOOM was hundreds or thousands of times faster than the original MRF parameter quantification method even without counting the dictionary generation time in. Using real data, it yielded nearly the same results as produced by the original method. MRF ZOOM provides a super-fast solution for MR parameter quantification.
Nikkaji Dictionary: （Ｒ）−ケタミン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term （Ｒ）−ケタミン名詞一般 * * * * (R)-ケタミン ... Nikkaji J238.629A 200906052675671229 C CA06 MULTI_WORD （Ｒ） − ケタミン
Nikkaji Dictionary: （Ｓ）−ケタミン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term （Ｓ）−ケタミン名詞一般 * * * * (S)-ケタミン ... Nikkaji J238.630E 200906035290813586 C CA06 MULTI_WORD （Ｓ） − ケタミン
Nikkaji Dictionary: （＋）−ケタミン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term （＋）−ケタミン名詞一般 * * * * (+)-ケタミン ... Nikkaji J343.931C 200906055071390379 C CA06 MULTI_WORD （＋） − ケタミン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 看護教育研究 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 看護教育研究名詞サ変接続 * * * * 看護教育研究 ... MeSH D015402 200906005666404120 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 看護教育研究
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科衛生教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科衛生教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科衛生教育 ... MeSH D006267 200906040285278536 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 歯科衛生教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯の再石灰化 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯の再石灰化名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯の再石灰化 ... MeSH D014089 200906094082268880 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 歯の再石灰化
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 義歯の前処置 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 義歯の前処置名詞サ変接続 * * * * 義歯の前処置 ... MeSH D019231 200906063137628099 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 義歯の前処置
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医療事務管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医療事務管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医療事務管理 ... MeSH D011216 200906019859940047 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医療事務管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院財務管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院財務管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 病院財務管理 ... MeSH D005377 200906036378637849 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 病院財務管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 看護管理研究 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 看護管理研究名詞サ変接続 * * * * 看護管理研究 ... MeSH D015401 200906044370065903 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 看護管理研究
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 患者医療管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 患者医療管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 患者医療管理 ... MeSH D010346 200906065531619030 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 患者医療管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 保健医療調査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 保健医療調査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 保健医療調査 ... MeSH D019538 200906043092915279 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 保健医療調査
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 糖尿病時妊娠 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖尿病時妊娠名詞サ変接続 * * * * 糖尿病時妊娠 ... MeSH D011254 200906003397117419 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 糖尿病時妊娠
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 糖尿病性昏睡 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖尿病性昏睡名詞サ変接続 * * * * 糖尿病性昏睡 ... MeSH D003926 200906086733298799 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 糖尿病性昏睡
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 免疫磁気分離 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 免疫磁気分離名詞サ変接続 * * * * 免疫磁気分離 ... MeSH D018189 200906019360973033 C LS03 MULTI_WORD 免疫磁気分離

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生物学的治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生物学的治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 生物学的治療 ... MeSH D001691 200906042693848670 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 生物学的治療
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: パターン認識 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term パターン認識名詞サ変接続 * * * * パターン認識 ... MeSH D010363 200906062922037711 C EG01 MULTI_WORD パターン認識
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 抑圧‐鋭敏化 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 抑圧‐鋭敏化名詞サ変接続 * * * * 抑圧‐鋭敏化 ... MeSH D012095 200906083315495589 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 抑圧 ‐ 鋭敏化
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 絵画統覚テスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 絵画統覚テスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * 絵画統覚テスト ... MeSH D013803 200906003409606070 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 絵画統覚テスト
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 全血凝固時間 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 全血凝固時間名詞一般 * * * * 全血凝固時間 ... MeSH D014914 200906096591355094 C LS15 MULTI_WORD 全血凝固時間
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科医療監査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科医療監査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科医療監査 ... MeSH D019230 200906027771184369 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 歯科医療監査
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: トリマラリア [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term トリマラリア名詞一般 * * * * トリマラリア ... MeSH D008289 200906061725596850 C LS56 MULTI_WORD トリマラリア
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 環境基因疾患 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 環境基因疾患名詞一般 * * * * 環境基因疾患 ... MeSH D007280 200906073088170869 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 環境基因疾患
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 不適正塩基対 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 不適正塩基対名詞一般 * * * * 不適正塩基対 ... MeSH D020137 200906040036718828 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 不適正塩基対
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌハッカ属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌハッカ属名詞サ変接続 * * * * イヌハッカ属 ... MeSH D027521 200906011496437800 C LS06 MULTI_WORD イヌハッカ属
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 変異原性試験 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 変異原性試験名詞サ変接続 * * * * 変異原性試験 ... MeSH D009152 200906027893521684 C LS03 MULTI_WORD 変異原性試験
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 航空宇宙医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 航空宇宙医学名詞一般 * * * * 航空宇宙医学 ... MeSH D000337 200906096609830208 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 航空宇宙医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科医師認可 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科医師認可名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科医師認可 ... MeSH D008005 200906069332151394 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 歯科医師認可
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師報酬計画 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師報酬計画名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医師報酬計画 ... MeSH D010816 200906059962496394 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医師報酬計画
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: バイオ人工臓器 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term バイオ人工臓器名詞一般 * * * * バイオ人工臓器 ... MeSH D021522 200906012752742418 C MB02 MULTI_WORD バイオ人工臓器
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 高頻度人工呼吸 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 高頻度人工呼吸名詞サ変接続 * * * * 高頻度人工呼吸 ... MeSH D006612 200906013970910752 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 高頻度人工呼吸
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 低色素性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 低色素性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 低色素性貧血 ... MeSH D000747 200906014548961812 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 低色素性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 鉄欠乏性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 鉄欠乏性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 鉄欠乏性貧血 ... MeSH D018798 200906058992383113 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 鉄欠乏性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 鉄芽球性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 鉄芽球性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 鉄芽球性貧血 ... MeSH D000756 200906079787902954 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 鉄芽球性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 放射免疫治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 放射免疫治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 放射免疫治療 ... MeSH D016499 200906077463861047 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 放射免疫治療

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 卵アレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 卵アレルギー名詞一般 * * * * 卵アレルギー ... MeSH D021181 200906061929204927 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 卵アレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 臨床化学検査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 臨床化学検査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 臨床化学検査 ... MeSH D019963 200906060638468521 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 臨床化学検査
Radioactive sources in chemical laboratories

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Janzekovic, H.; Krizman, M.

2007-01-01

Radioactive sources including all radioactive materials exceeding exemption levels have to be registered in national databases according to international standards based on the recommendations ICRP 60 and a proper licensing should take place as described for example in the 96/29/EURATOM. In spite of that, unregistered sources could be found, usually due to the fact that the owner is not aware of radiation characteristics of sources. The material inventories of chemical laboratories are typical and most frequent example where radioactive sources could be found. Five different types of sources could be identified. The most frequent type are chemicals, namely thorium and uranium compounds. They are used not due to their radioactivity but due to their chemical properties. As for all other sources a stringent control is necessary in order to assure their safe use. Around hundred of stored radioactive chemical items were found during inspections of such laboratories performed by the Slovenian Nuclear Safety Administration or qualified experts in a period December 2006 - July 2007. Users of such chemicals are usually not aware that thorium and uranium chemicals are radioactive and, as unsealed sources, they could be easily spilled out and produce contamination of persons, surfaces, equipment etc. The external exposure as well as the internal exposure including exposure due to inhalation could be present. No knowledge about special precautions is usually present in laboratories and leads to underestimating of a potential risk and unintentional exposure of the laboratory personnel, students etc. Due to the long decay times in decay series of Th -232, U-238 and U- 235 the materials are also radioactive today. Even more, in case of thorium chemicals the radioactivity increased substantially from the time of their production. The implementation of safety measures has been under way and includes a survey of the qualified experts, establishment of organizational structure in a
Which Dictionary? A Review of the Leading Learners' Dictionaries.

Science.gov (United States)

Nesi, Hilary

Three major dictionaries designed for learners of English as a second language are reviewed, their elements and approaches compared and evaluated, their usefulness for different learners discussed, and recommendations for future dictionary improvement made. The dictionaries in question are the "Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary," the…
Material elemental decomposition in dual and multi-energy CT via a sparsity-dictionary approach for proton stopping power ratio calculation.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Chenyang; Li, Bin; Chen, Liyuan; Yang, Ming; Lou, Yifei; Jia, Xun

2018-04-01

Accurate calculation of proton stopping power ratio (SPR) relative to water is crucial to proton therapy treatment planning, since SPR affects prediction of beam range. Current standard practice derives SPR using a single CT scan. Recent studies showed that dual-energy CT (DECT) offers advantages to accurately determine SPR. One method to further improve accuracy is to incorporate prior knowledge on human tissue composition through a dictionary approach. In addition, it is also suggested that using CT images with multiple (more than two) energy channels, i.e., multi-energy CT (MECT), can further improve accuracy. In this paper, we proposed a sparse dictionary-based method to convert CT numbers of DECT or MECT to elemental composition (EC) and relative electron density (rED) for SPR computation. A dictionary was constructed to include materials generated based on human tissues of known compositions. For a voxel with CT numbers of different energy channels, its EC and rED are determined subject to a constraint that the resulting EC is a linear non-negative combination of only a few tissues in the dictionary. We formulated this as a non-convex optimization problem. A novel algorithm was designed to solve the problem. The proposed method has a unified structure to handle both DECT and MECT with different number of channels. We tested our method in both simulation and experimental studies. Average errors of SPR in experimental studies were 0.70% in DECT, 0.53% in MECT with three energy channels, and 0.45% in MECT with four channels. We also studied the impact of parameter values and established appropriate parameter values for our method. The proposed method can accurately calculate SPR using DECT and MECT. The results suggest that using more energy channels may improve the SPR estimation accuracy. © 2018 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.
What should we demand from an online dictionary for specialized translation?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tarp, Sven

2013-01-01

combination of monolingual and bilingual lexicographical solutions and presents an overall concept of a specialised translation dictionary together with some general principles. Finally, it provides examples of how these principles can be applied in both printed and online dictionaries using already available......This contribution treats the concept of a specialised translation dictionary and argues that this concept is much broader than the traditional vision of a bilingual dictionary going from source language to target language. Based on a methodology developed in the framework of the function theory...
A dictionary of astronomy

CERN Document Server

2003-01-01

This revised edition contains 4,000 up-to-date entries written by an expert team of contributors, under the editorship of Ian Ridpath, renowned author and broadcaster. Covering the most recent space exploration missions and latest technological development, this authoritative dictionary covers everything from astrophysics to galaxies and time. World-wide coverage of observatories and telescopes, and major entries on supernova, Big Bang theory, and stellar evolution, make this an invaluable reference source for students, professionals, and amateur astronomers. Appendices include tables of Apollo lunar landing missions and the constellations. The entries are supported by numerous tables and diagrams, and the dictionary also features biographical entries on eminent astronomers.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 保険請求調査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 保険請求調査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 保険請求調査 ... MeSH D007345 200906058366390736 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 保険請求調査
Nikkaji Dictionary: プロトンスポンジ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term プロトンスポンジ名詞一般 * * * * プロトンスポンジ ... Nikkaji J83.008I 200906029979985902 C CA06 MULTI_WORD プロトンスポンジ
Parsing and Tagging of Binlingual Dictionary

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Ma, Huanfeng; Karagol-Ayan, Burcu; Doermann, David S; Oard, Doug; Wang, Jianqiang

2003-01-01

Bilingual dictionaries hold great potential as a source of lexical resources for training and testing automated systems for optical character recognition, machine translation, and cross-language information retrieval...
Parsing and Tagging of Bilingual Dictionary

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Ma, Huanfeng; Karagol-Ayan, Burcu; Doermann, David S; Oard, Doug; Wang, Jianqiang

2003-01-01

Bilingual dictionaries hold great potential as a source of lexical resources for training and testing automated systems for optical character recognition, machine translation, and cross-language information retrieval...
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 電子Ｘ線写真法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 電子Ｘ線写真法名詞一般 * * * * 電子X線写真法 ... MeSH D014986 200906039861419983 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 電子Ｘ線写真法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ＤＮＡ変異解析 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ＤＮＡ変異解析名詞サ変接続 * * * * DNA変異解析 ... MeSH D004252 200906076541975830 C LS03 MULTI_WORD ＤＮＡ変異解析
Internet accounting dictionaries

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro; Mourier, Lise

2005-01-01

An examination of existing accounting dictionaries on the Internet reveals a general need for a new type of dictionary. In contrast to the dictionaries now accessible, the future accounting dictionaries should be designed as proper Internet dictionaries based on a functional approach so they can...
Joint seismic data denoising and interpolation with double-sparsity dictionary learning

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Lingchen; Liu, Entao; McClellan, James H.

2017-08-01

Seismic data quality is vital to geophysical applications, so that methods of data recovery, including denoising and interpolation, are common initial steps in the seismic data processing flow. We present a method to perform simultaneous interpolation and denoising, which is based on double-sparsity dictionary learning. This extends previous work that was for denoising only. The original double-sparsity dictionary learning algorithm is modified to track the traces with missing data by defining a masking operator that is integrated into the sparse representation of the dictionary. A weighted low-rank approximation algorithm is adopted to handle the dictionary updating as a sparse recovery optimization problem constrained by the masking operator. Compared to traditional sparse transforms with fixed dictionaries that lack the ability to adapt to complex data structures, the double-sparsity dictionary learning method learns the signal adaptively from selected patches of the corrupted seismic data, while preserving compact forward and inverse transform operators. Numerical experiments on synthetic seismic data indicate that this new method preserves more subtle features in the data set without introducing pseudo-Gibbs artifacts when compared to other directional multi-scale transform methods such as curvelets.
Sparse and Adaptive Diffusion Dictionary (SADD) for recovering intra-voxel white matter structure.

Science.gov (United States)

Aranda, Ramon; Ramirez-Manzanares, Alonso; Rivera, Mariano

2015-12-01

On the analysis of the Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Images, multi-compartment models overcome the limitations of the well-known Diffusion Tensor model for fitting in vivo brain axonal orientations at voxels with fiber crossings, branching, kissing or bifurcations. Some successful multi-compartment methods are based on diffusion dictionaries. The diffusion dictionary-based methods assume that the observed Magnetic Resonance signal at each voxel is a linear combination of the fixed dictionary elements (dictionary atoms). The atoms are fixed along different orientations and diffusivity profiles. In this work, we present a sparse and adaptive diffusion dictionary method based on the Diffusion Basis Functions Model to estimate in vivo brain axonal fiber populations. Our proposal overcomes the following limitations of the diffusion dictionary-based methods: the limited angular resolution and the fixed shapes for the atom set. We propose to iteratively re-estimate the orientations and the diffusivity profile of the atoms independently at each voxel by using a simplified and easier-to-solve mathematical approach. As a result, we improve the fitting of the Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance signal. The advantages with respect to the former Diffusion Basis Functions method are demonstrated on the synthetic data-set used on the 2012 HARDI Reconstruction Challenge and in vivo human data. We demonstrate that improvements obtained in the intra-voxel fiber structure estimations benefit brain research allowing to obtain better tractography estimations. Hence, these improvements result in an accurate computation of the brain connectivity patterns. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Weber's dictionary. Pocket edition. Vol. 2. Renewable energy sources. Webers Taschenlexikon. Bd. 2. Erneuerbare Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weber, R

1986-01-01

Reserves of our major energy sources natural gas, petroleum and coal are limited. Their combustion essentially contributes to air pollution widh all its health hazards and environmental impacts. Apart from the fact that power plants supplying energy with the help of nuclear fission are disputed, uranium reserves are limited, too. The developmental state of nuclear fusion, an the other hand, still defies concrete statements as the future availability of fusion-based energy. Considering above facts it is evident that renewable energy sources will be gaining in importance. The book above all intends to give a consistent survey on the forms and capacities of renewable energy sources, existing technologies and technologies currently being developed, historical aspects, the social and environmental compatibility of renewable energy sources, economic aspects, and future prospects. The dictionary contains 197 independent alphabetically arranged and basically coherent chapters which are to provide the basis for profound reflections on the subject.
Elaboration of a dictionary for radiographic findings; Elaboracao de um dicionario para a representacao de achados radiograficos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rocha, Roberto A.; Huff, Stanley M.; Haug, Peter J. [Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States). School of Medicine. Dept. of Medical Informatics

1996-12-31

The process for creating a dictionary to represent chest radiologic findings is summarized. The dictionary is built from different sources of terms, including medical vocabularies and chest X-ray reports. The relevance of each source is estimated using the proportions with which they can be found in the final edition of the dictionary 8 refs.
“Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language in the Written Records” by I.I. Sreznevskiy As the Source of Diachronic Research of the Substantive Word-Formation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anastasiya Yuryevna Vekolova

2015-12-01

Full Text Available The article presents the results of the historical research in historical aspect on word-formation based on «Materials for the dictionary of the old Russian language in the written records» by I.I. Sreznevskiy that is characterized as the most important source of lexicographical material for the diachronic research. The dictionary is the only completed lexicographical source that reflects the language in the XI-XVII cent. It includes samples of the old Slavic and the old Russian written monuments, thus demonstrating lexis from the variety of sources. Its entries represent data on lexical, in particular word building system of the Old Russian language. The significance of the «Materials for the dictionary of the old Russian language in the written records» by I.I. Sreznevskiy for the diachronic research of the substantive wordformation is proved with the system of the old Russian substantive derivatives with evaluative suffixes that was allocated in the research. Productive modification formants are revealed, their morphological characteristics are considered. Special attention is concentrated on the analysis of the suffixal frequency. On the basis of the dictionary data connotation of affixes is characterized, options of suffixes are given. It is noted that these morphemes have a positive or negative assessment. The compiler of this dictionary pays attention to the connotation. The suggested indication of the word allows defining the boundaries of suffixes. Examples of the derivatives with evaluative affixes in context are given. It is emphasized that the presence of the usage helps to systematic comprehension of the material.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医療機関管理者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医療機関管理者名詞一般 * * * * 医療機関管理者 ... MeSH D006270 200906005815997440 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医療機関管理者

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 感染予防管理者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 感染予防管理者名詞一般 * * * * 感染予防管理者 ... MeSH D016357 200906094064829824 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 感染予防管理者
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 妊婦栄養生理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 妊婦栄養生理学名詞一般 * * * * 妊婦栄養生理学 ... MeSH D039401 200906058306132487 C LS14 MULTI_WORD 妊婦栄養生理学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 非経口高栄養法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 非経口高栄養法名詞一般 * * * * 非経口高栄養法 ... MeSH D010289 200906033511730653 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 非経口高栄養法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 青年栄養生理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 青年栄養生理学名詞一般 * * * * 青年栄養生理学 ... MeSH D017195 200906047599858884 C LS73 MULTI_WORD 青年栄養生理学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 在宅非経口栄養 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 在宅非経口栄養名詞一般 * * * * 在宅非経口栄養 ... MeSH D016331 200906059076423246 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 在宅非経口栄養
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 乳児栄養生理学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 乳児栄養生理学名詞一般 * * * * 乳児栄養生理学 ... MeSH D007227 200906086858484195 C LS73 MULTI_WORD 乳児栄養生理学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 糖尿病性網膜症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖尿病性網膜症名詞一般 * * * * 糖尿病性網膜症 ... MeSH D003930 200906095549726167 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 糖尿病性網膜症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 糖尿病性血管症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖尿病性血管症名詞一般 * * * * 糖尿病性血管症 ... MeSH D003925 200906060701318640 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 糖尿病性血管症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 糖尿病性足病変 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 糖尿病性足病変名詞一般 * * * * 糖尿病性足病変 ... MeSH D017719 200906042366539590 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 糖尿病性足病変
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 常同性運動障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 常同性運動障害名詞一般 * * * * 常同性運動障害 ... MeSH D019956 200906076313176560 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 常同性運動障害
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 湾岸戦争症候群 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 湾岸戦争症候群名詞一般 * * * * 湾岸戦争症候群 ... MeSH D018923 200906021117111524 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 湾岸戦争症候群
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 狂犬病ウイルス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 狂犬病ウイルス名詞一般 * * * * 狂犬病ウイルス ... MeSH D011820 200906050189230870 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 狂犬病ウイルス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 狂犬病ワクチン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 狂犬病ワクチン名詞一般 * * * * 狂犬病ワクチン ... MeSH D011819 200906016835068862 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 狂犬病ワクチン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 時間生物学障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 時間生物学障害名詞一般 * * * * 時間生物学障害 ... MeSH D021081 200906000007752420 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 時間生物学障害
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: システム生物学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term システム生物学名詞一般 * * * * システム生物学 ... MeSH D049490 200906044094307060 C LS01 MULTI_WORD システム生物学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 微生物学的現象 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 微生物学的現象名詞一般 * * * * 微生物学的現象 ... MeSH D008827 200906009618746252 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 微生物学的現象
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 時間生物学分野 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 時間生物学分野名詞一般 * * * * 時間生物学分野 ... MeSH D002909 200906048764496387 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 時間生物学分野
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 出血性デング熱 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 出血性デング熱名詞一般 * * * * 出血性デング熱 ... MeSH D019595 200906002046454978 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 出血性デング熱
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 自己免疫性肝炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 自己免疫性肝炎名詞一般 * * * * 自己免疫性肝炎 ... MeSH D019693 200906027794303411 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 自己免疫性肝炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル芽細胞 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル芽細胞名詞一般 * * * * エナメル芽細胞 ... MeSH D000565 200906067880947188 C LS17 MULTI_WORD エナメル芽細胞

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル上皮腫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル上皮腫名詞一般 * * * * エナメル上皮腫 ... MeSH D000564 200906011417146952 C LS51 MULTI_WORD エナメル上皮腫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 心理学的脱感作 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 心理学的脱感作名詞一般 * * * * 心理学的脱感作 ... MeSH D003887 200906091013533018 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 心理学的脱感作
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 熱帯熱マラリア [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 熱帯熱マラリア名詞一般 * * * * 熱帯熱マラリア ... MeSH D016778 200906055489566031 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 熱帯熱マラリア
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 三日熱マラリア [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 三日熱マラリア名詞一般 * * * * 三日熱マラリア ... MeSH D016780 200906031295714106 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 三日熱マラリア
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 環境と公衆衛生 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 環境と公衆衛生名詞一般 * * * * 環境と公衆衛生 ... MeSH D004778 200906096645065070 C LS55 MULTI_WORD 環境と公衆衛生
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 血液媒介病原体 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 血液媒介病原体名詞一般 * * * * 血液媒介病原体 ... MeSH D017848 200906074793630093 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 血液媒介病原体
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌ伝染性肝炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌ伝染性肝炎名詞一般 * * * * イヌ伝染性肝炎 ... MeSH D006522 200906075636469242 C LS51 MULTI_WORD イヌ伝染性肝炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師の能力欠陥 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師の能力欠陥名詞一般 * * * * 医師の能力欠陥 ... MeSH D010815 200906089272156821 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医師の能力欠陥
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師業務保険 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師業務保険名詞一般 * * * * 医師業務保険 ... MeSH D007357 200906067341760686 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医師業務保険
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 細菌性心内膜炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 細菌性心内膜炎名詞一般 * * * * 細菌性心内膜炎 ... MeSH D004697 200906055096776506 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 細菌性心内膜炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 土壌汚染物質 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 土壌汚染物質名詞一般 * * * * 土壌汚染物質 ... MeSH D012989 200906075000200880 C KA01 MULTI_WORD 土壌汚染物質
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 呼吸集中治療部 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 呼吸集中治療部名詞一般 * * * * 呼吸集中治療部 ... MeSH D012124 200906071317046970 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 呼吸集中治療部
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 治療用放射線量 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 治療用放射線量名詞一般 * * * * 治療用放射線量 ... MeSH D011879 200906073885650094 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 治療用放射線量
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 長期治療保険 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 長期治療保険名詞一般 * * * * 長期治療保険 ... MeSH D007353 200906031091850850 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 長期治療保険
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 熱傷集中治療室 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 熱傷集中治療室名詞一般 * * * * 熱傷集中治療室 ... MeSH D002053 200906014386359641 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 熱傷集中治療室
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 小児集中治療室 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 小児集中治療室名詞一般 * * * * 小児集中治療室 ... MeSH D015278 200906066016971186 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 小児集中治療室
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 薬物アレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 薬物アレルギー名詞一般 * * * * 薬物アレルギー ... MeSH D004342 200906045495262324 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 薬物アレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 抗アレルギー薬 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 抗アレルギー薬名詞一般 * * * * 抗アレルギー薬 ... MeSH D018926 200906028077440249 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 抗アレルギー薬
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 小麦アレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 小麦アレルギー名詞一般 * * * * 小麦アレルギー ... MeSH D021182 200906043327444090 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 小麦アレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 化学作用と効用 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 化学作用と効用名詞一般 * * * * 化学作用と効用 ... MeSH D020164 200906098390901603 C LS43 MULTI_WORD 化学作用と効用

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 予防的化学療法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 予防的化学療法名詞一般 * * * * 予防的化学療法 ... MeSH D018890 200906088829360714 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 予防的化学療法
Developing a hybrid dictionary-based bio-entity recognition technique

Science.gov (United States)

2015-01-01

Background Bio-entity extraction is a pivotal component for information extraction from biomedical literature. The dictionary-based bio-entity extraction is the first generation of Named Entity Recognition (NER) techniques. Methods This paper presents a hybrid dictionary-based bio-entity extraction technique. The approach expands the bio-entity dictionary by combining different data sources and improves the recall rate through the shortest path edit distance algorithm. In addition, the proposed technique adopts text mining techniques in the merging stage of similar entities such as Part of Speech (POS) expansion, stemming, and the exploitation of the contextual cues to further improve the performance. Results The experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves the best or at least equivalent performance among compared techniques, GENIA, MESH, UMLS, and combinations of these three resources in F-measure. Conclusions The results imply that the performance of dictionary-based extraction techniques is largely influenced by information resources used to build the dictionary. In addition, the edit distance algorithm shows steady performance with three different dictionaries in precision whereas the context-only technique achieves a high-end performance with three difference dictionaries in recall. PMID:26043907
Developing a hybrid dictionary-based bio-entity recognition technique.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Min; Yu, Hwanjo; Han, Wook-Shin

2015-01-01

Bio-entity extraction is a pivotal component for information extraction from biomedical literature. The dictionary-based bio-entity extraction is the first generation of Named Entity Recognition (NER) techniques. This paper presents a hybrid dictionary-based bio-entity extraction technique. The approach expands the bio-entity dictionary by combining different data sources and improves the recall rate through the shortest path edit distance algorithm. In addition, the proposed technique adopts text mining techniques in the merging stage of similar entities such as Part of Speech (POS) expansion, stemming, and the exploitation of the contextual cues to further improve the performance. The experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves the best or at least equivalent performance among compared techniques, GENIA, MESH, UMLS, and combinations of these three resources in F-measure. The results imply that the performance of dictionary-based extraction techniques is largely influenced by information resources used to build the dictionary. In addition, the edit distance algorithm shows steady performance with three different dictionaries in precision whereas the context-only technique achieves a high-end performance with three difference dictionaries in recall.
Dictionaries for text production

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fuertes-Olivera, Pedro; Bergenholtz, Henning

2018-01-01

Dictionaries for Text Production are information tools that are designed and constructed for helping users to produce (i.e. encode) texts, both oral and written texts. These can be broadly divided into two groups: (a) specialized text production dictionaries, i.e., dictionaries that only offer...... a small amount of lexicographic data, most or all of which are typically used in a production situation, e.g. synonym dictionaries, grammar and spelling dictionaries, collocation dictionaries, concept dictionaries such as the Longman Language Activator, which is advertised as the World’s First Production...... Dictionary; (b) general text production dictionaries, i.e., dictionaries that offer all or most of the lexicographic data that are typically used in a production situation. A review of existing production dictionaries reveals that there are many specialized text production dictionaries but only a few general...
A multi-scale, multi-disciplinary approach for assessing the technological, economic and environmental performance of bio-based chemicals.

Science.gov (United States)

Herrgård, Markus; Sukumara, Sumesh; Campodonico, Miguel; Zhuang, Kai

2015-12-01

In recent years, bio-based chemicals have gained interest as a renewable alternative to petrochemicals. However, there is a significant need to assess the technological, biological, economic and environmental feasibility of bio-based chemicals, particularly during the early research phase. Recently, the Multi-scale framework for Sustainable Industrial Chemicals (MuSIC) was introduced to address this issue by integrating modelling approaches at different scales ranging from cellular to ecological scales. This framework can be further extended by incorporating modelling of the petrochemical value chain and the de novo prediction of metabolic pathways connecting existing host metabolism to desirable chemical products. This multi-scale, multi-disciplinary framework for quantitative assessment of bio-based chemicals will play a vital role in supporting engineering, strategy and policy decisions as we progress towards a sustainable chemical industry. © 2015 Authors; published by Portland Press Limited.
Dictionary quality and dictionary design: a methodology for ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Although recent dictionaries for the ESL market have been praised for their innovative design features, the prime concern of users, lexicographers and metalexicographers is the functional quality of the dictionary products provided for the market. The functional quality of dictionaries and the scientific assessment thereof ...
Translation Dictionaries and Bilingual Dictionaries. Two Different Concepts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Tarp, Sven

2002-01-01

of dictionaries - and in some cases even not the best ones - to assist the translator who runs into problems in the translation process. In my paper, I will argue that monolingual dictionaries - together with bilingual dictionaries «the other way around«, e.g. L2-L1 dictionaries when translating from L1 into L2...... in relation to translation and what types of problems pop up during the translation process in order to clarify up to which point lexicography can assist translator. Finally, I will discuss in which types of dictionary (monolingual or bilingual) the assistance to the translator should be provided and......The starting point in any scientific process is always the formulation of the problem and then the search for a solution. In my opinion the question on the relaton between lexicography and translation should be put in this way: How can dictionaries assist translators in finding solutions...
Dictionary corrosion and corrosion control

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1985-01-01

This dictionary has 13000 entries in both languages. Keywords and extensive accompanying information simplify the choice of word for the user. The following topics are covered: Theoretical principles of corrosion; Corrosion of the metals and alloys most frequently used in engineering. Types of corrosion - (chemical-, electro-chemical, biological corrosion); forms of corrosion (superficial, pitting, selective, intercrystalline and stress corrosion; vibrational corrosion cracking); erosion and cavitation. Methods of corrosion control (material selection, temporary corrosion protection media, paint and plastics coatings, electro-chemical coatings, corrosion prevention by treatment of the corrosive media); Corrosion testing methods. (orig./HP) [de
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 薬学大学院教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 薬学大学院教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 薬学大学院教育 ... MeSH D004514 200906074026334845 C LS41 MULTI_WORD 薬学大学院教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 看護卒業後教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 看護卒業後教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 看護卒業後教育 ... MeSH D004509 200906093388603342 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 看護卒業後教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科卒業後教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科卒業後教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科卒業後教育 ... MeSH D004498 200906024975615645 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 歯科卒業後教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科大学院教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科大学院教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科大学院教育 ... MeSH D004499 200906031052630672 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 歯科大学院教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医学卒業後教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医学卒業後教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医学卒業後教育 ... MeSH D004502 200906038739679382 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医学卒業後教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 薬学卒業後教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 薬学卒業後教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 薬学卒業後教育 ... MeSH D004513 200906038176895776 C LS41 MULTI_WORD 薬学卒業後教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医科大学院教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医科大学院教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医科大学院教育 ... MeSH D004503 200906079069033123 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医科大学院教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 段階的患者管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 段階的患者管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 段階的患者管理 ... MeSH D011383 200906002664066431 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 段階的患者管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 管理された競争 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 管理された競争名詞サ変接続 * * * * 管理された競争 ... MeSH D018854 200906063765602040 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 管理された競争
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 遺伝学的不分離 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 遺伝学的不分離名詞サ変接続 * * * * 遺伝学的不分離 ... MeSH D009630 200906011418327683 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 遺伝学的不分離
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル質形成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル質形成名詞サ変接続 * * * * エナメル質形成 ... MeSH D000566 200906018928963368 C LS14 MULTI_WORD エナメル質形成
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 言語連想テスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 言語連想テスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * 言語連想テスト ... MeSH D014936 200906058436906522 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 言語連想テスト

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: シリングテスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term シリングテスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * シリングテスト ... MeSH D012546 200906096120291622 C LS52 MULTI_WORD シリングテスト
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 体液酸塩基平衡 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 体液酸塩基平衡名詞サ変接続 * * * * 体液酸塩基平衡 ... MeSH D000136 200906011462948008 C LS31 MULTI_WORD 体液酸塩基平衡
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌエンジュ属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌエンジュ属名詞サ変接続 * * * * イヌエンジュ属 ... MeSH D029901 200906054133260624 C LS06 MULTI_WORD イヌエンジュ属
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌサフラン属 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌサフラン属名詞サ変接続 * * * * イヌサフラン属 ... MeSH D003079 200906027002343349 C LS06 MULTI_WORD イヌサフラン属
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 部局間相互関係 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 部局間相互関係名詞サ変接続 * * * * 部局間相互関係 ... MeSH D015274 200906063549036439 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 部局間相互関係
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院・患者関係 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院・患者関係名詞サ変接続 * * * * 病院・患者関係 ... MeSH D015285 200906006635617181 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院・患者関係
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 組織体協力関係 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 組織体協力関係名詞サ変接続 * * * * 組織体協力関係 ... MeSH D009935 200906004517634214 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 組織体協力関係
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 公共機関間関係 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 公共機関間関係名詞サ変接続 * * * * 公共機関間関係 ... MeSH D007373 200906072177560950 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 公共機関間関係
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院・医師関係 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院・医師関係名詞サ変接続 * * * * 病院・医師関係 ... MeSH D018578 200906076615539565 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院・医師関係
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師による紹介 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師による紹介名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医師による紹介 ... MeSH D018584 200906043092125189 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医師による紹介
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 精神分析的解釈 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 精神分析的解釈名詞サ変接続 * * * * 精神分析的解釈 ... MeSH D011573 200906044698628506 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 精神分析的解釈
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 鎌状赤血球貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 鎌状赤血球貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 鎌状赤血球貧血 ... MeSH D000755 200906045374190717 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 鎌状赤血球貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 大赤血球性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 大赤血球性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 大赤血球性貧血 ... MeSH D000748 200906074917405891 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 大赤血球性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ウマ伝染性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ウマ伝染性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * ウマ伝染性貧血 ... MeSH D004859 200906096010788629 C LS56 MULTI_WORD ウマ伝染性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 再生不良性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 再生不良性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 再生不良性貧血 ... MeSH D000741 200906079613293525 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 再生不良性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 新生児集中治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 新生児集中治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 新生児集中治療 ... MeSH D015931 200906040367583884 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 新生児集中治療
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 直接監視下治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 直接監視下治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 直接監視下治療 ... MeSH D023801 200906040443556425 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 直接監視下治療
Dictionary: Welding, cutting and allied processes. Pt. 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kleiber, A.W.

1987-01-01

The dictionary contains approximately 40 000 entries covering all aspects of welding technology. It is based on the evaluation of numerous English, American and German sources. This comprehensive and up to date dictionary will be a reliable and helpful aid in evaluation and translating. The dictionary covers the following areas: Welding: gas welding, arc welding, gas shielded welding, resistance welding, welding of plastics, special welding processes; Cutting: flame cutting, arc cutting and special thermal cutting processes; Soldering: brazing and soldering; Other topics: thermal spraying, metal to metal adhesion, welding filler materials and other consumables, test methods, plant and equipment, accessories, automation, welding trade, general welding terminology. (orig./HP) [de
Dictionary criticism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro

2018-01-01

Dictionary criticism is part of the lexicographical universe and reviewing of electronic and printed dictionaries is not an exercise in linguistics or in subject fields but an exercise in lexicography. It does not follow from this that dictionary reviews should not be based on a linguistic approach......, but that the linguistic approach is only one of several approaches to dictionary reviewing. Similarly, the linguistic and factual competences of reviewers should not be relegated to an insignificant position in the review process. Moreover, reviewers should define the object of their reviews, the dictionary, as a complex...... information tool with several components and in terms of significant lexicographical features: lexicographical functions, data and structures. This emphasises the fact that dictionaries are much more than mere vessels of linguistic categories, namely lexicographical tools that have been developed to fulfil...
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 早期介入（教育） [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 早期介入（教育）名詞一般 * * * * 早期介入(教育) ... MeSH D018479 200906083619290495 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 早期介入（教育）

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 逆転移（心理学） [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 逆転移（心理学）名詞一般 * * * * 逆転移(心理学) ... MeSH D003379 200906090716586443 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 逆転移（心理学）
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ベイ領域（化学） [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ベイ領域（化学）名詞一般 * * * * ベイ領域(化学) ... MeSH D018383 200906075397700638 C CA22 MULTI_WORD ベイ領域（化学）
The chemical component dictionary: complete descriptions of constituent molecules in experimentally determined 3D macromolecules in the Protein Data Bank.

Science.gov (United States)

Westbrook, John D; Shao, Chenghua; Feng, Zukang; Zhuravleva, Marina; Velankar, Sameer; Young, Jasmine

2015-04-15

The Chemical Component Dictionary (CCD) is a chemical reference data resource that describes all residue and small molecule components found in Protein Data Bank (PDB) entries. The CCD contains detailed chemical descriptions for standard and modified amino acids/nucleotides, small molecule ligands and solvent molecules. Each chemical definition includes descriptions of chemical properties such as stereochemical assignments, chemical descriptors, systematic chemical names and idealized coordinates. The content, preparation, validation and distribution of this CCD chemical reference dataset are described. The CCD is updated regularly in conjunction with the scheduled weekly release of new PDB structure data. The CCD and amino acid variant reference datasets are hosted in the public PDB ftp repository at ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org/pub/pdb/data/monomers/components.cif.gz, ftp://ftp.wwpdb.org/pub/pdb/data/monomers/aa-variants-v1.cif.gz, and its mirror sites, and can be accessed from http://wwpdb.org. jwest@rcsb.rutgers.edu. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 神経性食欲不振 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 神経性食欲不振名詞形容動詞語幹 * * * * 神経性食欲不振 ... MeSH D000856 200906002162139117 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 神経性食欲不振
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 酸塩基平衡異常 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 酸塩基平衡異常名詞形容動詞語幹 * * * * 酸塩基平衡異常 ... MeSH D000137 200906009875993759 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 酸塩基平衡異常
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 不安定DNA塩基配列 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 不安定DNA塩基配列名詞サ変接続 * * * * 不安定DNA塩基配列 ... MeSH D043243 200906076592866938 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 不安定 DNA 塩基配列
Failure analysis of radioisotopic heat source capsules tested under multi-axial conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zielinski, R.E.; Stacy, E.; Burgan, C.E.

In order to qualify small radioisotopic heat sources for a 25-yr design life, multi-axial mechanical tests were performed on the structural components of the heat source. The results of these tests indicated that failure predominantly occurred in the middle of the weld ramp-down zone. Examination of the failure zone by standard metallographic techniques failed to indicate the true cause of failure. A modified technique utilizing chemical etching, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray analysis was employed and dramatically indicated the true cause of failure, impurity concentration in the ramp-down zone. As a result of the initial investigation, weld parameters for the heat sources were altered. Example welds made with a pulse arc technique did not have this impurity buildup in the ramp-down zone
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 日本脳炎ウイルス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 日本脳炎ウイルス名詞一般 * * * * 日本脳炎ウイルス ... MeSH D004664 200906080846001441 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 日本脳炎ウイルス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 日本脳炎ワクチン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 日本脳炎ワクチン名詞一般 * * * * 日本脳炎ワクチン ... MeSH D022321 200906017733304908 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 日本脳炎ワクチン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 中毒管理センター [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 中毒管理センター名詞一般 * * * * 中毒管理センター ... MeSH D011039 200906011376068224 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 中毒管理センター
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院施設管理部門 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院施設管理部門名詞一般 * * * * 病院施設管理部門 ... MeSH D006797 200906060128496954 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院施設管理部門
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 肥満低換気症候群 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 肥満低換気症候群名詞一般 * * * * 肥満低換気症候群 ... MeSH D010845 200906084745468336 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 肥満低換気症候群
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ライム病ワクチン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ライム病ワクチン名詞一般 * * * * ライム病ワクチン ... MeSH D022123 200906051339943001 C LS44 MULTI_WORD ライム病ワクチン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: サルトリイバラ科 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term サルトリイバラ科名詞一般 * * * * サルトリイバラ科 ... MeSH D029642 200906082272059058 C LS06 MULTI_WORD サルトリイバラ科
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 注意欠陥多動障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 注意欠陥多動障害名詞一般 * * * * 注意欠陥多動障害 ... MeSH D001289 200906028482079596 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 注意欠陥多動障害
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: プラスチック包埋 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term プラスチック包埋名詞一般 * * * * プラスチック包埋 ... MeSH D016613 200906052402402322 C LS03 MULTI_WORD プラスチック包埋
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生物学的精神医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生物学的精神医学名詞一般 * * * * 生物学的精神医学 ... MeSH D001689 200906023413280903 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 生物学的精神医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: クラスター頭痛症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term クラスター頭痛症名詞一般 * * * * クラスター頭痛症 ... MeSH D003027 200906021151463227 C LS51 MULTI_WORD クラスター頭痛症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: シグナル認識粒子 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term シグナル認識粒子名詞一般 * * * * シグナル認識粒子 ... MeSH D018271 200906027026859486 C LS33 MULTI_WORD シグナル認識粒子
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 斑点熱リケッチア [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 斑点熱リケッチア名詞一般 * * * * 斑点熱リケッチア ... MeSH D012284 200906077046294180 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 斑点熱リケッチア

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: リケッチア性肺炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term リケッチア性肺炎名詞一般 * * * * リケッチア性肺炎 ... MeSH D011022 200906064352020529 C LS51 MULTI_WORD リケッチア性肺炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 網状赤血球増加症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 網状赤血球増加症名詞一般 * * * * 網状赤血球増加症 ... MeSH D045262 200906068973286587 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 網状赤血球増加症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 脳心筋炎ウイルス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 脳心筋炎ウイルス名詞一般 * * * * 脳心筋炎ウイルス ... MeSH D004686 200906065718796246 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 脳心筋炎ウイルス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: マラリアワクチン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term マラリアワクチン名詞一般 * * * * マラリアワクチン ... MeSH D017780 200906068500105437 C LS44 MULTI_WORD マラリアワクチン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 核酸データベース [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 核酸データベース名詞一般 * * * * 核酸データベース ... MeSH D030561 200906003152793923 C LS34 MULTI_WORD 核酸データベース
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 皮膚反応終点滴定 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 皮膚反応終点滴定名詞一般 * * * * 皮膚反応終点滴定 ... MeSH D015927 200906014055712198 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 皮膚反応終点滴定
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 環境性発癌物質 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 環境性発癌物質名詞一般 * * * * 環境性発癌物質 ... MeSH D002274 200906008517150344 C LS45 MULTI_WORD 環境性発癌物質
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 保健医療施設環境 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 保健医療施設環境名詞一般 * * * * 保健医療施設環境 ... MeSH D006272 200906004517604030 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 保健医療施設環境
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生命倫理学的問題 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生命倫理学的問題名詞一般 * * * * 生命倫理学的問題 ... MeSH D026688 200906033468431329 C LS01 MULTI_WORD 生命倫理学的問題
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 無脊椎動物神経節 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 無脊椎動物神経節名詞一般 * * * * 無脊椎動物神経節 ... MeSH D017952 200906052301464092 C LS16 MULTI_WORD 無脊椎動物神経節
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 脊椎動物ウイルス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 脊椎動物ウイルス名詞一般 * * * * 脊椎動物ウイルス ... MeSH D014712 200906039037344273 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 脊椎動物ウイルス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ナトリウム利尿薬 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ナトリウム利尿薬名詞一般 * * * * ナトリウム利尿薬 ... MeSH D045283 200906042529531894 C LS43 MULTI_WORD ナトリウム利尿薬
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 学術医学センター [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 学術医学センター名詞一般 * * * * 学術医学センター ... MeSH D000046 200906047854401125 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 学術医学センター
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: アフリカ伝統医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term アフリカ伝統医学名詞一般 * * * * アフリカ伝統医学 ... MeSH D016488 200906077906982748 C LS52 MULTI_WORD アフリカ伝統医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 芸術における医学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 芸術における医学名詞一般 * * * * 芸術における医学 ... MeSH D008512 200906028361801154 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 芸術における医学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師診療パターン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師診療パターン名詞一般 * * * * 医師診療パターン ... MeSH D010818 200906059692569351 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医師診療パターン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 遺伝プライバシー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 遺伝プライバシー名詞一般 * * * * 遺伝プライバシー ... MeSH D030661 200906028235041586 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 遺伝プライバシー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ネコ感染性腹膜炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ネコ感染性腹膜炎名詞一般 * * * * ネコ感染性腹膜炎 ... MeSH D016766 200906037049314288 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ネコ感染性腹膜炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 腎血管性高血圧症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 腎血管性高血圧症名詞一般 * * * * 腎血管性高血圧症 ... MeSH D006978 200906090377202908 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 腎血管性高血圧症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ナッツアレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ナッツアレルギー名詞一般 * * * * ナッツアレルギー ... MeSH D021184 200906056043667620 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ナッツアレルギー

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 即時型アレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 即時型アレルギー名詞一般 * * * * 即時型アレルギー ... MeSH D006969 200906000959624115 C LS19 MULTI_WORD 即時型アレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ミルクアレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ミルクアレルギー名詞一般 * * * * ミルクアレルギー ... MeSH D016269 200906047054574684 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ミルクアレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 化学的皮膚剥離法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 化学的皮膚剥離法名詞一般 * * * * 化学的皮膚剥離法 ... MeSH D002615 200906072324892874 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 化学的皮膚剥離法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ポートワイン母斑 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ポートワイン母斑名詞一般 * * * * ポートワイン母斑 ... MeSH D019339 200906029967401220 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ポートワイン母斑
Dictionary of Microscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Heath, Julian

2005-10-01

The past decade has seen huge advances in the application of microscopy in all areas of science. This welcome development in microscopy has been paralleled by an expansion of the vocabulary of technical terms used in microscopy: terms have been coined for new instruments and techniques and, as microscopes reach even higher resolution, the use of terms that relate to the optical and physical principles underpinning microscopy is now commonplace. The Dictionary of Microscopy was compiled to meet this challenge and provides concise definitions of over 2,500 terms used in the fields of light microscopy, electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, x-ray microscopy and related techniques. Written by Dr Julian P. Heath, Editor of Microscopy and Analysis, the dictionary is intended to provide easy navigation through the microscopy terminology and to be a first point of reference for definitions of new and established terms. The Dictionary of Microscopy is an essential, accessible resource for: students who are new to the field and are learning about microscopes equipment purchasers who want an explanation of the terms used in manufacturers' literature scientists who are considering using a new microscopical technique experienced microscopists as an aide mémoire or quick source of reference librarians, the press and marketing personnel who require definitions for technical reports.
Learning Category-Specific Dictionary and Shared Dictionary for Fine-Grained Image Categorization.

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Shenghua; Tsang, Ivor Wai-Hung; Ma, Yi

2014-02-01

This paper targets fine-grained image categorization by learning a category-specific dictionary for each category and a shared dictionary for all the categories. Such category-specific dictionaries encode subtle visual differences among different categories, while the shared dictionary encodes common visual patterns among all the categories. To this end, we impose incoherence constraints among the different dictionaries in the objective of feature coding. In addition, to make the learnt dictionary stable, we also impose the constraint that each dictionary should be self-incoherent. Our proposed dictionary learning formulation not only applies to fine-grained classification, but also improves conventional basic-level object categorization and other tasks such as event recognition. Experimental results on five data sets show that our method can outperform the state-of-the-art fine-grained image categorization frameworks as well as sparse coding based dictionary learning frameworks. All these results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.
Verifying pronunciation dictionaries using conflict analysis

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Davel, MH

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The authors describe a new language-independent technique for automatically identifying errors in an electronic pronunciation dictionary by analyzing the source of conflicting patterns directly.They evaluate the effectiveness of the technique in two...
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 学士課程看護教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 学士課程看護教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 学士課程看護教育 ... MeSH D004508 200906030634427352 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 学士課程看護教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 短大課程看護教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 短大課程看護教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 短大課程看護教育 ... MeSH D004507 200906074261735563 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 短大課程看護教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科進学課程教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科進学課程教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科進学課程教育 ... MeSH D004515 200906030745508661 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 歯科進学課程教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 看護学大学院教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 看護学大学院教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 看護学大学院教育 ... MeSH D004511 200906004663520581 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 看護学大学院教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 学部課程医学教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 学部課程医学教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 学部課程医学教育 ... MeSH D004504 200906087402102440 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 学部課程医学教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 健康管理援助計画 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 健康管理援助計画名詞サ変接続 * * * * 健康管理援助計画 ... MeSH D015276 200906048060477662 C LS55 MULTI_WORD 健康管理援助計画
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科医療事務管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科医療事務管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 歯科医療事務管理 ... MeSH D011215 200906063990830906 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 歯科医療事務管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院資材器具管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院資材器具管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 病院資材器具管理 ... MeSH D008421 200906099287392381 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院資材器具管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 患者の接触歴調査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 患者の接触歴調査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 患者の接触歴調査 ... MeSH D016358 200906093388470776 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 患者の接触歴調査
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 脂肪萎縮性糖尿病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 脂肪萎縮性糖尿病名詞一般 * * * * 脂肪萎縮性糖尿病 ... MeSH D003923 200906016139617096 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 脂肪萎縮性糖尿病
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 空腹期消化管運動 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 空腹期消化管運動名詞サ変接続 * * * * 空腹期消化管運動 ... MeSH D016065 200906039018449790 C LS12 MULTI_WORD 空腹期消化管運動
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: シナプス長期抑圧 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term シナプス長期抑圧名詞サ変接続 * * * * シナプス長期抑圧 ... MeSH D036881 200906085743255633 C LS12 MULTI_WORD シナプス長期抑圧
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル質透過性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル質透過性名詞一般 * * * * エナメル質透過性 ... MeSH D003745 200906028039784589 C LS12 MULTI_WORD エナメル質透過性

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル質溶解性 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル質溶解性名詞一般 * * * * エナメル質溶解性 ... MeSH D003747 200906076766613350 C LS16 MULTI_WORD エナメル質溶解性
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 神経心理学的検査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 神経心理学的検査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 神経心理学的検査 ... MeSH D009483 200906013708958965 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 神経心理学的検査
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 卵形マラリア原虫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 卵形マラリア原虫名詞一般 * * * * 卵形マラリア原虫 ... MeSH D041122 200906023121543741 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 卵形マラリア原虫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 免疫用量反応関係 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 免疫用量反応関係名詞サ変接続 * * * * 免疫用量反応関係 ... MeSH D004306 200906004728933706 C LS41 MULTI_WORD 免疫用量反応関係
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師診療行為用語 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師診療行為用語名詞一般 * * * * 医師診療行為用語 ... MeSH D039702 200906020448786673 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医師診療行為用語
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 先天性溶血性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 先天性溶血性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 先天性溶血性貧血 ... MeSH D000745 200906023859047056 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 先天性溶血性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 非治療的身体改造 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 非治療的身体改造名詞サ変接続 * * * * 非治療的身体改造 ... MeSH D046289 200906048348595104 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 非治療的身体改造
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 低出力レーザ治療 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 低出力レーザ治療名詞サ変接続 * * * * 低出力レーザ治療 ... MeSH D028022 200906069835345676 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 低出力レーザ治療
Dictionary Visions, Research and Practice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

This book is about dictionaries and dictionary making. In six thematic sections it presents nineteen contributions covering a wide field within lexicography: Online Lexicography, Dictionary Structure, Phraseology in Dictionaries, LSP Lexicography, Dictionaries and the User, plus Etymology, History...... and Culture in Lexicography. Some chapters focus on theoretical aspects, others report on dictionary work in the making, and still others compare and analyze existing dictionaries. Common to all authors, however, is the concern for the dictionary user. Trivial as it may seem, the fact that dictionaries...
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル質減形成 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル質減形成名詞サ変接続 * * * * エナメル質減形成 ... MeSH D003744 200906034263050558 C LS51 MULTI_WORD エナメル質減形成
Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ludmila Dimitrova

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Neologisms in bilingual digital dictionaries (on the example of Bulgarian-Polish dictionary The paper discusses the presentation of neologisms in the recent version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary. We also continue the discussion of important problems related to the classifiers of the verbs as headwords of the digital dictionary entries. We analyze some examples from ongoing experimental version of the Bulgarian-Polish digital dictionary.
Nikkaji Dictionary: イヌリン[アルカロイド] [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌリン[アルカロイド] 名詞一般 * * * * イヌリン[ア...ルカロイド] ... Nikkaji J15.936K 200906072643613767 C CA06 MULTI_WORD イヌリン [ アルカロイド
Nikkaji Dictionary: クロムバイオレットG [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term クロムバイオレットG 名詞一般 * * * * クロムバイオレットG ... Nikkaji J74.602I 200906077878410130 C CA06 MULTI_WORD クロムバイオレット G
Nikkaji Dictionary: クロムバイオレットＧ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term クロムバイオレットＧ名詞一般 * * * * クロムバイオレットG ... Nikkaji J74.602I 200906077878410130 C CA06 MULTI_WORD クロムバイオレットＧ
ENCYCLOPEDIC DEFINITIONS IN LANGUAGE DICTIONARIES – A TREASURY OF CULTURE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valentyna Skybina

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses encyclopedic module of definitions in language dictionaries as a source of historical and cultural information. The main aim of the study is to reveal and compare the encyclopedic modules of definitions in early dictionaries of Australian and Indian English. The method applied consists in the analysis of the definitions and in the review of citation. The data was selected from two dictionaries on historical principles – Austral English (Morris, 1898 and Hobson-Jobson (Yule and Burnell, 1886. The corpus consists of 320 and 292 articles respectively. The study showed that in both dictionaries encyclopedic module of the definitions overshadows the linguistic one. At the same time, specificity of the nascent varieties of English and particularities of the linguistic situation in Australia and India determined the framework of these dictionaries, mainly the criteria of the entries’ selection and, as a consequence, the lexical domains covered by encyclopedic modules of the definitions.
Translational equivalents and composition of the entries in bilingual English-Serbian dictionaries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zečević Snežana M.

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is the analysis of translational eqivalents as well as of the composition of the entries in bilingual English-Serbian dictionaries. It is initially assumed that there are different microstructure and macrostructure of the dictionaries of different volume and purpose, likewise the correspondence of translational equivalents of their entries. The analysis conducted for the requirements of this paper included six randomly chosen lexemes of the English language taken from three bilingual dictionaries that were contrasted with their equivalent lexemes presented in the monolingual English dictionary which was later used for checking. The results of the analysis presented less meaning of the lexemes in Colloquial and Universal English-Serbian Dictionary while the utmost variety of semantic dimensions was noted in Encyclopedic English-Serbian Dictionary which by its quality and organization presents an inexhaustible source of information necessary for translating texts from English to Serbian language.
Pocket dictionary of energy. BI-Taschenlexikon Energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Conrad, W

1981-01-01

This dictionary explains all important concepts of the field of energy conversion, energy use, energy sources, energy transfer, and energy distribution. The explanations are given in popular form so as to be generally intelligible.
Toward better public health reporting using existing off the shelf approaches: The value of medical dictionaries in automated cancer detection using plaintext medical data.

Science.gov (United States)

Kasthurirathne, Suranga N; Dixon, Brian E; Gichoya, Judy; Xu, Huiping; Xia, Yuni; Mamlin, Burke; Grannis, Shaun J

2017-05-01

Existing approaches to derive decision models from plaintext clinical data frequently depend on medical dictionaries as the sources of potential features. Prior research suggests that decision models developed using non-dictionary based feature sourcing approaches and "off the shelf" tools could predict cancer with performance metrics between 80% and 90%. We sought to compare non-dictionary based models to models built using features derived from medical dictionaries. We evaluated the detection of cancer cases from free text pathology reports using decision models built with combinations of dictionary or non-dictionary based feature sourcing approaches, 4 feature subset sizes, and 5 classification algorithms. Each decision model was evaluated using the following performance metrics: sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. Decision models parameterized using dictionary and non-dictionary feature sourcing approaches produced performance metrics between 70 and 90%. The source of features and feature subset size had no impact on the performance of a decision model. Our study suggests there is little value in leveraging medical dictionaries for extracting features for decision model building. Decision models built using features extracted from the plaintext reports themselves achieve comparable results to those built using medical dictionaries. Overall, this suggests that existing "off the shelf" approaches can be leveraged to perform accurate cancer detection using less complex Named Entity Recognition (NER) based feature extraction, automated feature selection and modeling approaches. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 日本脳炎ウイルス類 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 日本脳炎ウイルス類名詞一般 * * * * 日本脳炎ウイルス類 ... MeSH D018349 200906098535983352 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 日本脳炎ウイルス類
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 在宅非経口高栄養法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 在宅非経口高栄養法名詞一般 * * * * 在宅非経口高栄養法 ... MeSH D016562 200906033729401465 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 在宅非経口高栄養法

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 歯科ジャーナリズム [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 歯科ジャーナリズム名詞一般 * * * * 歯科ジャーナリズム ... MeSH D007598 200906083823842928 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 歯科ジャーナリズム
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 成年性浮腫性硬化症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 成年性浮腫性硬化症名詞一般 * * * * 成年性浮腫性硬化症 ... MeSH D012592 200906083862563459 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 成年性浮腫性硬化症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医療スタッフの特権 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医療スタッフの特権名詞一般 * * * * 医療スタッフの特権 ... MeSH D008504 200906036975383890 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医療スタッフの特権
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 精神医学的社会事業 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 精神医学的社会事業名詞一般 * * * * 精神医学的社会事業 ... MeSH D012949 200906069645855856 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 精神医学的社会事業
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 仮性狂犬病ワクチン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 仮性狂犬病ワクチン名詞一般 * * * * 仮性狂犬病ワクチン ... MeSH D022421 200906086387776816 C LS44 MULTI_WORD 仮性狂犬病ワクチン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル質蛋白質 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル質蛋白質名詞一般 * * * * エナメル質蛋白質 ... MeSH D003746 200906020730956786 C LS33 MULTI_WORD エナメル質蛋白質
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: リケッチアワクチン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term リケッチアワクチン名詞一般 * * * * リケッチアワクチン ... MeSH D012290 200906018759398729 C LS44 MULTI_WORD リケッチアワクチン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: テスト不安測定尺度 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term テスト不安測定尺度名詞一般 * * * * テスト不安測定尺度 ... MeSH D013732 200906054072945424 C LS52 MULTI_WORD テスト不安測定尺度
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 四日熱マラリア原虫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 四日熱マラリア原虫名詞一般 * * * * 四日熱マラリア原虫 ... MeSH D010965 200906080620011177 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 四日熱マラリア原虫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 三日熱マラリア原虫 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 三日熱マラリア原虫名詞一般 * * * * 三日熱マラリア原虫 ... MeSH D010966 200906058780804461 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 三日熱マラリア原虫
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 蛋白質データベース [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 蛋白質データベース名詞一般 * * * * 蛋白質データベース ... MeSH D030562 200906055322685608 C LS33 MULTI_WORD 蛋白質データベース
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 遺伝子データベース [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 遺伝子データベース名詞一般 * * * * 遺伝子データベース ... MeSH D030541 200906007478836130 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 遺伝子データベース
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 無脊椎動物ホルモン [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 無脊椎動物ホルモン名詞一般 * * * * 無脊椎動物ホルモン ... MeSH D007447 200906082732418647 C LS37 MULTI_WORD 無脊椎動物ホルモン
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 脊椎動物光受容細胞 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 脊椎動物光受容細胞名詞一般 * * * * 脊椎動物光受容細胞 ... MeSH D020419 200906089371451967 C LS16 MULTI_WORD 脊椎動物光受容細胞
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: イヌ股関節形成不全 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌ股関節形成不全名詞一般 * * * * イヌ股関節形成不全 ... MeSH D006619 200906065202917292 C LS56 MULTI_WORD イヌ股関節形成不全
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ミスセンス突然変異 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ミスセンス突然変異名詞一般 * * * * ミスセンス突然変異 ... MeSH D020125 200906047626469097 C LS18 MULTI_WORD ミスセンス突然変異
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生殖細胞系突然変異 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生殖細胞系突然変異名詞一般 * * * * 生殖細胞系突然変異 ... MeSH D018095 200906038554192002 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 生殖細胞系突然変異
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 突然変異系統マウス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 突然変異系統マウス名詞一般 * * * * 突然変異系統マウス ... MeSH D008817 200906093255301475 C LS04 MULTI_WORD 突然変異系統マウス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 突然変異体系ラット [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 突然変異体系ラット名詞一般 * * * * 突然変異体系ラット ... MeSH D011922 200906027275497462 C LS05 MULTI_WORD 突然変異体系ラット
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 精神医学的評価尺度 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 精神医学的評価尺度名詞一般 * * * * 精神医学的評価尺度 ... MeSH D011569 200906080250862750 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 精神医学的評価尺度

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院核医学検査部門 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院核医学検査部門名詞一般 * * * * 病院核医学検査部門 ... MeSH D009684 200906097950044500 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院核医学検査部門
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医学ジャーナリズム [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医学ジャーナリズム名詞一般 * * * * 医学ジャーナリズム ... MeSH D018156 200906094379152687 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医学ジャーナリズム
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 海外医師資格習得者 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 海外医師資格習得者名詞一般 * * * * 海外医師資格習得者 ... MeSH D005550 200906066801259992 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 海外医師資格習得者
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医師報酬審査委員会 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医師報酬審査委員会名詞一般 * * * * 医師報酬審査委員会 ... MeSH D015284 200906006356542325 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医師報酬審査委員会
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 病院‐医師協同事業 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 病院‐医師協同事業名詞一般 * * * * 病院‐医師協同事業 ... MeSH D006759 200906072660497207 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 病院 ‐ 医師協同事業
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 税制均衡財政責任法 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 税制均衡財政責任法名詞一般 * * * * 税制均衡財政責任法 ... MeSH D013659 200906049326266480 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 税制均衡財政責任法
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: アレルギーと免疫学 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term アレルギーと免疫学名詞一般 * * * * アレルギーと免疫学 ... MeSH D000486 200906001310194339 C LS52 MULTI_WORD アレルギーと免疫学
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: アレルギー性結膜炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term アレルギー性結膜炎名詞一般 * * * * アレルギー性結膜炎 ... MeSH D003233 200906043678909723 C LS51 MULTI_WORD アレルギー性結膜炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 化学的下垂体切除術 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 化学的下垂体切除術名詞一般 * * * * 化学的下垂体切除術 ... MeSH D007017 200906032540150074 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 化学的下垂体切除術
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 多種化学物質過敏症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 多種化学物質過敏症名詞一般 * * * * 多種化学物質過敏症 ... MeSH D018777 200906017822410215 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 多種化学物質過敏症
Submicron aerosol source apportionment of wintertime pollution in Paris, France by double positive matrix factorization (PMF2) using an aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and a multi-wavelength Aethalometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petit, J.E.; Favez, O.; Leoz-Garziandia, E.; Sciare, J.

2014-01-01

Online non-refractory submicron aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements in urban areas have successfully allowed the apportionment of specific sources and/or physical and chemical properties of the organic fraction. However, in order to be fully representative of PM pollution, a comprehensive source apportionment analysis is needed by taking into account all major components of submicron aerosols, creating strengthened bonds between the organic components and pollution sources. We present here a novel two-step methodology to perform such an analysis, by taking advantage of high time resolution of monitoring instruments: the aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) and the multi-wavelength absorption measurements (Aethalometer AE31) in Paris, France. As a first step, organic aerosols (OA) were de-convolved to hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA), biomass burning OA (BBOA) and oxygenated OA (OOA) with positive matrix factorization (PMF), and black carbon was de-convolved into its wood burning and fossil fuel combustion fractions. A second PMF analysis was then carried out with organic factors, BC fractions and inorganic species (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride), leading to a four-factor solution allowing highly time-resolved characterization of the major sources of PM1. Outputs of this PMF2 include two dominant combustion sources (wood burning and traffic) as well as semi-volatile and low-volatile secondary aerosols. While HOA is found to be emitted by both wood burning and traffic, the latter sources occurred to significantly contribute also to OOA. (authors)
Investigations into the Optimization of Multi-Source Strength Brachytherapy Treatment Procedures

CERN Document Server

Henderson, D L; Yoo, S

2002-01-01

The goal of this project is to investigate the use of multi-strength and multi-specie radioactive sources in permanent prostate implant brachytherapy. In order to fulfill the requirement for an optimal dose distribution, the prescribed dose should be delivered to the target in a nearly uniform dose distribution while simultaneously sparing sensitive structures. The treatment plan should use a small number of needles and sources while satisfying the treatment requirements. The hypothesis for the use of multi-strength and/or multi-specie sources is that a better treatment plan using fewer sources and needles could be obtained than by treatment plans using single-strength sources could reduce the overall number of sources used for treatment. We employ a recently developed greedy algorithm based on the adjoint concept as the optimization search engine. The algorithm utilizes and ''adjoint ratio'', which provides a means of ranking source positions, as the pseudo-objective function. It ha s been shown that the gre...
Classification of multiple sclerosis lesions using adaptive dictionary learning.

Science.gov (United States)

Deshpande, Hrishikesh; Maurel, Pierre; Barillot, Christian

2015-12-01

This paper presents a sparse representation and an adaptive dictionary learning based method for automated classification of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in magnetic resonance (MR) images. Manual delineation of MS lesions is a time-consuming task, requiring neuroradiology experts to analyze huge volume of MR data. This, in addition to the high intra- and inter-observer variability necessitates the requirement of automated MS lesion classification methods. Among many image representation models and classification methods that can be used for such purpose, we investigate the use of sparse modeling. In the recent years, sparse representation has evolved as a tool in modeling data using a few basis elements of an over-complete dictionary and has found applications in many image processing tasks including classification. We propose a supervised classification approach by learning dictionaries specific to the lesions and individual healthy brain tissues, which include white matter (WM), gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The size of the dictionaries learned for each class plays a major role in data representation but it is an even more crucial element in the case of competitive classification. Our approach adapts the size of the dictionary for each class, depending on the complexity of the underlying data. The algorithm is validated using 52 multi-sequence MR images acquired from 13 MS patients. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in MS lesion classification. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The SMAP Dictionary Management System

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Kevin A.; Swan, Christoper A.

2014-01-01

The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Dictionary Management System is a web-based tool to develop and store a mission dictionary. A mission dictionary defines the interface between a ground system and a spacecraft. In recent years, mission dictionaries have grown in size and scope, making it difficult for engineers across multiple disciplines to coordinate the dictionary development effort. The Dictionary Management Systemaddresses these issues by placing all dictionary information in one place, taking advantage of the efficiencies inherent in co-locating what were once disparate dictionary development efforts.
Development of a Learners’ Dictionary of Polysemous Japanese Words and Some Proposals for Learners’ Lexicography

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shingo IMAI

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The dictionary series Nihongo tagigo gakushū jiten (“A Learner’s Dictionary of Multi-sense Japanese Words” proposes a new approach to learners’ dictionaries, based on cognitive linguistics theory and on a corpus-based approach. Each entry is presented as a semantic network which follows the patterns of semantic extensions from a word's core meaning to derived meanings. A corpus, Sketch Engine, was consulted in order to select natural and frequently used examples, which were then edited to make them understandable to learners. Illustrations are also provided in an attempt to visualise the common meaning (schema shared by the various meanings of the word.
From Data to Dictionary

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro; Almind, Richard

2011-01-01

definitions, thereby creating both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. Users access the data through online dictionaries that allow them to make structured searches. The dictionaries mainly provide help in communicative situations such as understanding, producing and translating accounting texts, but also......Most online dictionaries are based on printed dictionaries or specially developed databases. However, these dictionaries do not fully satisfy the needs for help and knowledge users have, so a re-assessment of the practical and theoretical foundation is necessary. Based on the work on the Accounting...... help users acquire knowledge about general or specific accounting matters in cognitive user situations. This theoretical foundation allows lexicographers to develop dictionaries that search in structured data sets and then present data types selected because they provide help in specific situations...
Insurance dictionary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller-Lutz, H.L.

1984-01-01

Special technical terms used in the world of insurance can hardly be found in general dictionaries. This is a gap which the 'Insurance dictionary' now presented is designed to fill. In view of its supplementary function, the number of terms covered is limited to 1200. To make this dictionary especially convenient for ready reference, only the most commonly used translations are given for each key word in any of the four languages. This dictionary is subdivided into four parts, each containing the translation of the selected terms in the three other languages. To further facilitate the use of the booklet, paper of different colours was used for the printing of the German, English, French and Greek sections. The present volume was developed from a Swedish insurance dictionary (Fickordbok Foersaekring), published in 1967, which - with Swedish as the key language- offers English, French and German translations of the basic insurance terms. (orig./HP) [de
Data Presentation Structures in Specialised Dictionaries: Law Dictionaries with Communicative Functions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro

2015-01-01

data stand out, lexicographers should prioritize functional data that are directly related to and support the function(s) of dictionaries on a need-to-have/nice-to have basis, because data presentation structures with functional focus may better help users achieve their intended goals, i.e. finding......Theoretical lexicographers have developed a range of elaborate structures to describe the arrangement of data inside dictionaries, in particular in dictionary articles. However, most of these structures have been developed on the basis of detailed analyses of print dictionaries and relatively...... little has been said about the arrangement of data in e-dictionaries. The relevant data types are lexicographical data providing help concerning the function(s) and use of dictionaries on search results pages. In order to create a visual hierarchy on screen that makes the most important search result...
An integrated multi-label classifier with chemical-chemical interactions for prediction of chemical toxicity effects.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Tao; Chen, Lei; Pan, Xiaoyong

2018-05-31

Chemical toxicity effect is one of the major reasons for declining candidate drugs. Detecting the toxicity effects of all chemicals can accelerate the procedures of drug discovery. However, it is time-consuming and expensive to identify the toxicity effects of a given chemical through traditional experiments. Designing quick, reliable and non-animal-involved computational methods is an alternative way. In this study, a novel integrated multi-label classifier was proposed. First, based on five types of chemical-chemical interactions retrieved from STITCH, each of which is derived from one aspect of chemicals, five individual classifiers were built. Then, several integrated classifiers were built by integrating some or all individual classifiers. By testing the integrated classifiers on a dataset with chemicals and their toxicity effects in Accelrys Toxicity database and non-toxic chemicals with their performance evaluated by jackknife test, an optimal integrated classifier was selected as the proposed classifier, which provided quite high prediction accuracies and wide applications. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.
On Open- source Multi-robot simulators

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Namoshe, M

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Open source software simulators play a major role in robotics design and research as platforms for developing, testing and improving architectures, concepts and algorithms for cooperative/multi-robot systems. Simulation environment enables control...

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医学部進学課程教育 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医学部進学課程教育名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医学部進学課程教育 ... MeSH D004516 200906055240620435 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 医学部進学課程教育
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 保健医療経済と組織 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 保健医療経済と組織名詞サ変接続 * * * * 保健医療経済と組織 ... MeSH D004472 200906023020553827 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 保健医療経済と組織
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 医薬品使用状況調査 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 医薬品使用状況調査名詞サ変接続 * * * * 医薬品使用状況調査 ... MeSH D017723 200906029136836387 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 医薬品使用状況調査
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 精子‐卵子相互作用 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 精子‐卵子相互作用名詞サ変接続 * * * * 精子‐卵子相互作用 ... MeSH D013084 200906053089681262 C LS14 MULTI_WORD 精子 ‐ 卵子相互作用
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 獣医学領域での流産 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 獣医学領域での流産名詞サ変接続 * * * * 獣医学領域での流産 ... MeSH D000034 200906095339663189 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 獣医学領域での流産
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生物医学的技術評価 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生物医学的技術評価名詞サ変接続 * * * * 生物医学的技術評価 ... MeSH D013673 200906095184507037 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 生物医学的技術評価
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 高頻度ジェット換気 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 高頻度ジェット換気名詞サ変接続 * * * * 高頻度ジェット換気 ... MeSH D006611 200906023106976836 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 高頻度ジェット換気
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 高血圧性頭蓋内出血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 高血圧性頭蓋内出血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 高血圧性頭蓋内出血 ... MeSH D020299 200906075936009782 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 高血圧性頭蓋内出血
Investigations into the Optimization of Multi-Source Strength Brachytherapy Treatment Procedures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henderson, D. L.; Yoo, S.; Thomadsen, B.R.

2002-01-01

The goal of this project is to investigate the use of multi-strength and multi-specie radioactive sources in permanent prostate implant brachytherapy. In order to fulfill the requirement for an optimal dose distribution, the prescribed dose should be delivered to the target in a nearly uniform dose distribution while simultaneously sparing sensitive structures. The treatment plan should use a small number of needles and sources while satisfying the treatment requirements. The hypothesis for the use of multi-strength and/or multi-specie sources is that a better treatment plan using fewer sources and needles could be obtained than by treatment plans using single-strength sources could reduce the overall number of sources used for treatment. We employ a recently developed greedy algorithm based on the adjoint concept as the optimization search engine. The algorithm utilizes and ''adjoint ratio'', which provides a means of ranking source positions, as the pseudo-objective function. It ha s been shown that the greedy algorithm can solve the optimization problem efficiently and arrives at a clinically acceptable solution in less than 10 seconds. Our study was inclusive, that is there was no combination of sources that clearly stood out from the others and could therefore be considered the preferred set of sources for treatment planning. Source strengths of 0.2 mCi (low), 0.4 mCi (medium), and 0.6 mCi (high) of 125 I in four different combinations were used for the multi-strength source study. The combination of high- and medium-strength sources achieved a more uniform target dose distribution due to few source implants whereas the combination of low-and medium-strength sources achieved better sparing of sensitive tissues including that of the single-strength 0.4 mCi base case. 125 I at 0.4 mCi and 192 Ir at 0.12 mCi and 0.25 mCi source strengths were used for the multi-specie source study. This study also proved inconclusive , Treatment plans using a combination of two 0
Data-Dictionary-Editing Program

Science.gov (United States)

Cumming, A. P.

1989-01-01

Access to data-dictionary relations and attributes made more convenient. Data Dictionary Editor (DDE) application program provides more convenient read/write access to data-dictionary table ("descriptions table") via data screen using SMARTQUERY function keys. Provides three main advantages: (1) User works with table names and field names rather than with table numbers and field numbers, (2) Provides online access to definitions of data-dictionary keys, and (3) Provides displayed summary list that shows, for each datum, which data-dictionary entries currently exist for any specific relation or attribute. Computer program developed to give developers of data bases more convenient access to the OMNIBASE VAX/IDM data-dictionary relations and attributes.
Encyclopaedic dictionary on archaeology of Tatarstan:conceptual problems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdullin Khalim M.

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Theoretical and methodological problems of creation the glossary for the preparation of encyclopedic dictionary, which is related to the Republic of Tatarstan archaeology are considered in this article. It is noticed that creation of such generalizing editions determines a new important stage of science and its theoretic and methodological basis development. Encyclopedias and dictionaries are the terminological thesaurus and functioning as a source of norms. They are forming the uniform, unifying and conventional approach to archaeological definitions and their content. They are also able to provide an insight into the basic archaeological concepts in the accessible form, to give the characteristic to archaeological monuments on Republic territory, to acquaint with archaeologists, who has ever worked on territory of Tatarstan, to present the last archaeological discoveries, and to popularize achievements of the Kazan Archaeology school. The complete information about archaeology in Republic is supposed to be included in the encyclopedic dictionary on archaeology of Tatarstan (the special attention will be focused on the conceptual system of archaeology, monuments and antiquity subjects, about objects and monuments of historic and archaeological heritage, as well as biographic data of all archaeologists who has ever worked in Tatarstan and information about all organizations related to archaeology in region. There are all preconditions to claim that the considerable source study and theoretical base for creation of the encyclopedic dictionary on archaeology of Tatarstan is created. It is gathered the significant experience on complex studying and generalization of considerable volume of a material which is referring to an ancient and medieval history of region and on research and ordering of archaeological monuments. It is suggested that at the first investigation phase will be created a glossary and after that the collective of authors can pass
Multi-source least-squares migration of marine data

KAUST Repository

Wang, Xin; Schuster, Gerard T.

2012-01-01

Kirchhoff based multi-source least-squares migration (MSLSM) is applied to marine streamer data. To suppress the crosstalk noise from the excitation of multiple sources, a dynamic encoding function (including both time-shifts and polarity changes
French Dictionaries. Series: Specialised Bibliographies.

Science.gov (United States)

Klaar, R. M.

This is a list of French monolingual, French-English and English-French dictionaries available in December 1975. Dictionaries of etymology, phonetics, place names, proper names, and slang are included, as well as dictionaries for children and dictionaries of Belgian, Canadian, and Swiss French. Most other specialized dictionaries, encyclopedias,…
Robust visual tracking via multi-task sparse learning

KAUST Repository

Zhang, Tianzhu; Ghanem, Bernard; Liu, Si; Ahuja, Narendra

2012-01-01

In this paper, we formulate object tracking in a particle filter framework as a multi-task sparse learning problem, which we denote as Multi-Task Tracking (MTT). Since we model particles as linear combinations of dictionary templates
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 地域保健教育センター [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 地域保健教育センター名詞一般 * * * * 地域保健教育センター ... MeSH D001113 200906015930918133 C LS55 MULTI_WORD 地域保健教育センター
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 生化学的現象,代謝,栄養 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 生化学的現象,代謝,栄養名詞一般 * * * * 生化学的現象,代謝,栄養... ... MeSH D001670 200906084241923784 C LS31 MULTI_WORD 生化学的現象 , 代謝 , 栄養
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 発疹チフスリケッチア [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 発疹チフスリケッチア名詞一般 * * * * 発疹チフスリケッチア ... MeSH D012283 200906097538616885 C LS07 MULTI_WORD 発疹チフスリケッチア
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ダニ媒介脳炎ウイルス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ダニ媒介脳炎ウイルス名詞一般 * * * * ダニ媒介脳炎ウイルス ... MeSH D004669 200906042591383494 C LS07 MULTI_WORD ダニ媒介脳炎ウイルス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 不安定ＤＮＡ塩基配列 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 不安定ＤＮＡ塩基配列名詞サ変接続 * * * * 不安定DNA塩基配列 ... MeSH D043243 200906076592866938 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 不安定ＤＮＡ塩基配列
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 無脊椎動物光受容細胞 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 無脊椎動物光受容細胞名詞一般 * * * * 無脊椎動物光受容細胞 ... MeSH D017956 200906098556499361 C LS16 MULTI_WORD 無脊椎動物光受容細胞

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 神経系突然変異マウス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 神経系突然変異マウス名詞一般 * * * * 神経系突然変異マウス ... MeSH D008818 200906030675734162 C LS05 MULTI_WORD 神経系突然変異マウス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 簡易精神医学評価尺度 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 簡易精神医学評価尺度名詞一般 * * * * 簡易精神医学評価尺度 ... MeSH D010054 200906057119364017 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 簡易精神医学評価尺度
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 全米医師データバンク [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 全米医師データバンク名詞一般 * * * * 全米医師データバンク ... MeSH D016749 200906059662729923 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 全米医師データバンク
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 亜急性細菌性心内膜炎 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 亜急性細菌性心内膜炎名詞一般 * * * * 亜急性細菌性心内膜炎 ... MeSH D004698 200906096843224761 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 亜急性細菌性心内膜炎
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ピーナッツアレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ピーナッツアレルギー名詞一般 * * * * ピーナッツアレルギー ... MeSH D021183 200906059019505880 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ピーナッツアレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ラテックスアレルギー [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ラテックスアレルギー名詞一般 * * * * ラテックスアレルギー ... MeSH D020315 200906081833985074 C LS51 MULTI_WORD ラテックスアレルギー
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 化学的交感神経切除術 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 化学的交感神経切除術名詞一般 * * * * 化学的交感神経切除術 ... MeSH D013563 200906054998152096 C LS52 MULTI_WORD 化学的交感神経切除術
Creating a medical dictionary using word alignment: The influence of sources and resources

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Åhlfeldt Hans

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Automatic word alignment of parallel texts with the same content in different languages is among other things used to generate dictionaries for new translations. The quality of the generated word alignment depends on the quality of the input resources. In this paper we report on automatic word alignment of the English and Swedish versions of the medical terminology systems ICD-10, ICF, NCSP, KSH97-P and parts of MeSH and how the terminology systems and type of resources influence the quality. Methods We automatically word aligned the terminology systems using static resources, like dictionaries, statistical resources, like statistically derived dictionaries, and training resources, which were generated from manual word alignment. We varied which part of the terminology systems that we used to generate the resources, which parts that we word aligned and which types of resources we used in the alignment process to explore the influence the different terminology systems and resources have on the recall and precision. After the analysis, we used the best configuration of the automatic word alignment for generation of candidate term pairs. We then manually verified the candidate term pairs and included the correct pairs in an English-Swedish dictionary. Results The results indicate that more resources and resource types give better results but the size of the parts used to generate the resources only partly affects the quality. The most generally useful resources were generated from ICD-10 and resources generated from MeSH were not as general as other resources. Systematic inter-language differences in the structure of the terminology system rubrics make the rubrics harder to align. Manually created training resources give nearly as good results as a union of static resources, statistical resources and training resources and noticeably better results than a union of static resources and statistical resources. The verified English
Creating a medical dictionary using word alignment: the influence of sources and resources.

Science.gov (United States)

Nyström, Mikael; Merkel, Magnus; Petersson, Håkan; Ahlfeldt, Hans

2007-11-23

Automatic word alignment of parallel texts with the same content in different languages is among other things used to generate dictionaries for new translations. The quality of the generated word alignment depends on the quality of the input resources. In this paper we report on automatic word alignment of the English and Swedish versions of the medical terminology systems ICD-10, ICF, NCSP, KSH97-P and parts of MeSH and how the terminology systems and type of resources influence the quality. We automatically word aligned the terminology systems using static resources, like dictionaries, statistical resources, like statistically derived dictionaries, and training resources, which were generated from manual word alignment. We varied which part of the terminology systems that we used to generate the resources, which parts that we word aligned and which types of resources we used in the alignment process to explore the influence the different terminology systems and resources have on the recall and precision. After the analysis, we used the best configuration of the automatic word alignment for generation of candidate term pairs. We then manually verified the candidate term pairs and included the correct pairs in an English-Swedish dictionary. The results indicate that more resources and resource types give better results but the size of the parts used to generate the resources only partly affects the quality. The most generally useful resources were generated from ICD-10 and resources generated from MeSH were not as general as other resources. Systematic inter-language differences in the structure of the terminology system rubrics make the rubrics harder to align. Manually created training resources give nearly as good results as a union of static resources, statistical resources and training resources and noticeably better results than a union of static resources and statistical resources. The verified English-Swedish dictionary contains 24,000 term pairs in base
Dr.Johnson's Dictionary in Miniature

OpenAIRE

Imazato, Chiaki

1988-01-01

More than hundred 'Johnson's' dictionaries have so far been published not only in English but in other countries, and there are numerous books and articles on Johnson's Dictionary. But few have referred to Johnson's Dictionary in Miniature; nor were there any books or articles on it. Fortunately, however, I've got one copy of Johnson's Dictionary in Miniature, which was published in 1806. Johnson's Dictionary (1755) has 41,677 entries, whereas Johnson's Dictionary in Miniature 23,439 entr...
Application of multi-stage, multi-disk type downhole seismic source; Tadanshiki taso enbangata koseinai shingen no tekiyosei

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Shimada, N [Japan National Oil Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Shoji, Y [Oyo Corp., Tokyo (Japan)

1997-05-27

A multi-stage, multi-disk type seismic source was developed as a downhole seismic source. The seismic source is an improved version of the downhole seismic source of a system in which an elastic wave is generated by a weight accelerated by restitutive force of a spring striking the upper part of a laminated structure consisted of metal disks and elastic bodies installed in water in a well. Enhancing the vibration exciting efficiency requires impedance radiated from the disks to be increased. The multi-disk structure was adopted because of restrictions on the disk area under the limiting condition of being inside the well. Further limitation has still existed, which led to finally structuring the multi-disk type to a multi-stage construction to increase the radiated impedance. In order to increase average velocity on the radiation surface, mass relationship between the hammer and the anvil was sought so that the maximum velocity is achieved at the process of converting motion energies among the hammer, anvil and disks. The anvil mass may sufficiently be 50% to 100% of the hammer mass. The equipment was installed in an actual oil well for testing. This seismic source was verified to have sufficient applicability in the cross hole measurement. 5 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
The Dictionary Unit for South African English. South African Concise Oxford Dictionary

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rajend Mesthrie

2011-10-01

Full Text Available The South African Concise Oxford Dictionary (henceforth SACOD is a South Af-rican version of the Concise Oxford Dictionary, the first time that this particular hybrid has been prepared. It is testimony to the enduring success of the work of the Dictionary Unit for South African English at Rhodes University, headed by teams that included Jean and William Branford in the 1970s, Penny Silva in the 1990s and now, Kathryn Kavanagh. The lexicographical work from the unit saw the publication of four editions of the Dictionary of Southern African English (1978, 1980, 1987, 1991, a South African Pocket Oxford Dictionary (SAPOD and the Dictionary of South African English on Historical Principles (DOSAEHP (1995. SACOD differs from the rest in several ways. It is larger in scope than SAPOD, smaller than DOSAEHP, and unlike DOSAE and DOSAEHP, does not deal with South African words alone. Based on the 10th edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary SACOD has excised some words from the parent, whilst adding many new words of general English as well as of South Africa.
Example sentences in bilingual specialised dictionaries assisting communication in a foreign language

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Sandro

2014-01-01

production process reveal that this also includes grammar, language conventions, genre conventions and style. Specialists can be expected to know conventions and style in their own source language culture but cannot be expected to know how these are realised in a foreign language. Bilingual specialised...... dictionaries can help users if they contain domain-specific example sentences illustrating how source language convention and style can be transposed to a foreign language. This means that bilingual specialised dictionaries should not merely help users translate terms but be lexicographical tools designed...
Multi-stage classification method oriented to aerial image based on low-rank recovery and multi-feature fusion sparse representation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Xu; Cheng, Yongmei; Hao, Shuai

2016-12-10

Automatic classification of terrain surfaces from an aerial image is essential for an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) landing at an unprepared site by using vision. Diverse terrain surfaces may show similar spectral properties due to the illumination and noise that easily cause poor classification performance. To address this issue, a multi-stage classification algorithm based on low-rank recovery and multi-feature fusion sparse representation is proposed. First, color moments and Gabor texture feature are extracted from training data and stacked as column vectors of a dictionary. Then we perform low-rank matrix recovery for the dictionary by using augmented Lagrange multipliers and construct a multi-stage terrain classifier. Experimental results on an aerial map database that we prepared verify the classification accuracy and robustness of the proposed method.
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 保健医療サービス管理 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 保健医療サービス管理名詞サ変接続 * * * * 保健医療サービス管理 ... MeSH D006298 200906020299453054 C LS53 MULTI_WORD 保健医療サービス管理
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 気管支肺分離片形成症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 気管支肺分離片形成症名詞一般 * * * * 気管支肺分離片形成症 ... MeSH D001998 200906095043666425 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 気管支肺分離片形成症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: コンピュータ画像判読 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term コンピュータ画像判読名詞サ変接続 * * * * コンピュータ画像判読 ... MeSH D007090 200906016620806323 C LS52 MULTI_WORD コンピュータ画像判読
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: エナメル質形成不全症 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term エナメル質形成不全症名詞一般 * * * * エナメル質形成不全症 ... MeSH D000567 200906088758919995 C LS51 MULTI_WORD エナメル質形成不全症
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ミネソタ多面人格テスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ミネソタ多面人格テスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * ミネソタ多面人格テスト ... MeSH D008950 200906075952802832 C LS52 MULTI_WORD ミネソタ多面人格テスト
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 白血球吸着抑制テスト [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 白血球吸着抑制テスト名詞サ変接続 * * * * 白血球吸着抑制テスト ... MeSH D007957 200906033470026172 C LS17 MULTI_WORD 白血球吸着抑制テスト

J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 急性好塩基球性白血病 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 急性好塩基球性白血病名詞一般 * * * * 急性好塩基球性白血病 ... MeSH D015471 200906058422670836 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 急性好塩基球性白血病
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 核酸塩基輸送蛋白質 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 核酸塩基輸送蛋白質名詞一般 * * * * 核酸塩基輸送蛋白質 ... MeSH D033702 200906042470991233 C LS33 MULTI_WORD 核酸塩基輸送蛋白質
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 部位特異的変異誘発 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 部位特異的変異誘発名詞サ変接続 * * * * 部位特異的変異誘発 ... MeSH D016297 200906041402474887 C LS18 MULTI_WORD 部位特異的変異誘発
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: バイオフィードバック [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term バイオフィードバック名詞サ変接続 * * * * バイオフィードバック ... MeSH D001676 200906076116555835 C LS52 MULTI_WORD バイオフィードバック
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: ニワトリ貧血ウイルス [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term ニワトリ貧血ウイルス名詞一般 * * * * ニワトリ貧血ウイルス ... MeSH D017727 200906078520835429 C LS07 MULTI_WORD ニワトリ貧血ウイルス
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 自己免疫性溶血性貧血 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 自己免疫性溶血性貧血名詞サ変接続 * * * * 自己免疫性溶血性貧血 ... MeSH D000744 200906023744661311 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 自己免疫性溶血性貧血
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 光化学系II蛋白質複合体 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 光化学系II蛋白質複合体名詞一般 * * * * 光化学系II...蛋白質複合体 ... MeSH D045332 200906013832151794 C LS31 MULTI_WORD 光化学系 I I 蛋白質複合体
Analysing and Correcting the Differences between Multi-Source and Multi-Scale Spatial Remote Sensing Observations

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Yingying; Luo, Ruisen; Feng, Haikuan; Wang, Jihua; Zhao, Jinling; Zhu, Yining; Yang, Guijun

2014-01-01

Differences exist among analysis results of agriculture monitoring and crop production based on remote sensing observations, which are obtained at different spatial scales from multiple remote sensors in same time period, and processed by same algorithms, models or methods. These differences can be mainly quantitatively described from three aspects, i.e. multiple remote sensing observations, crop parameters estimation models, and spatial scale effects of surface parameters. Our research proposed a new method to analyse and correct the differences between multi-source and multi-scale spatial remote sensing surface reflectance datasets, aiming to provide references for further studies in agricultural application with multiple remotely sensed observations from different sources. The new method was constructed on the basis of physical and mathematical properties of multi-source and multi-scale reflectance datasets. Theories of statistics were involved to extract statistical characteristics of multiple surface reflectance datasets, and further quantitatively analyse spatial variations of these characteristics at multiple spatial scales. Then, taking the surface reflectance at small spatial scale as the baseline data, theories of Gaussian distribution were selected for multiple surface reflectance datasets correction based on the above obtained physical characteristics and mathematical distribution properties, and their spatial variations. This proposed method was verified by two sets of multiple satellite images, which were obtained in two experimental fields located in Inner Mongolia and Beijing, China with different degrees of homogeneity of underlying surfaces. Experimental results indicate that differences of surface reflectance datasets at multiple spatial scales could be effectively corrected over non-homogeneous underlying surfaces, which provide database for further multi-source and multi-scale crop growth monitoring and yield prediction, and their corresponding
Multi-agent search for source localization in a turbulent medium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hajieghrary, Hadi; Hsieh, M. Ani; Schwartz, Ira B.

2016-01-01

We extend the gradient-less search strategy referred to as “infotaxis” to a distributed multi-agent system. “Infotaxis” is a search strategy that uses sporadic sensor measurements to determine the source location of materials dispersed in a turbulent medium. In this work, we leverage the spatio-temporal sensing capabilities of a mobile sensing agents to optimize the time spent finding and localizing the position of the source using a multi-agent collaborative search strategy. Our results suggest that the proposed multi-agent collaborative search strategy leverages the team's ability to obtain simultaneous measurements at different locations to speed up the search process. We present a multi-agent collaborative “infotaxis” strategy that uses the relative entropy of the system to synthesize a suitable search strategy for the team. The result is a collaborative information theoretic search strategy that results in control actions that maximize the information gained by the team, and improves estimates of the source position. - Highlights: • We extend the gradient-less infotaxis search strategy to a distributed multi-agent system. • Leveraging the spatio-temporal sensing capabilities of a team of mobile sensing agents speeds up the search process. • The resulting information theoretic search strategy maximizes the information gained and improves the estimate of the source position.
75 FR 8575 - Testing of Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Third Group of Chemicals

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-25

...: Beilstein Database, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, Illustrated Handbooks of Physical- Chemical Properties and Environmental Fate for Organic Chemicals, Merck... Coefficient: Method A (40 CFR 799.6755--shake flask). Method B (ASTM E 1147-92(2005)--liquid chromatography...
Teaching Dictionary Skills through a Slang Dictionary.

Science.gov (United States)

Steed, Stanley M.

A unit for teaching dictionary skills through the compilation of a slang dictionary was written with the purpose of providing an inductive learning situation. The students are to begin by defining slang usage and bringing in slang words and definitions on cards. Small groups are to be formed to evaluate the definitions and make additions. In…
Nikkaji Dictionary: イヌリン［アルカロイド］ [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term イヌリン［アルカロイド］名詞一般 * * * * イヌリン[ア...ルカロイド] ... Nikkaji J15.936K 200906072643613767 C CA06 MULTI_WORD イヌリン［アルカロイド］
Dictionary Snakes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dahl, Anders Bjorholm; Dahl, Vedrana Andersen

2014-01-01

for image segmentation that operates without training data. Our method is based on a probabilistic dictionary of image patches coupled with a deformable model inspired by snakes and active contours without edges. We separate the image into two classes based on the information provided by the evolving curve......, which moves according to the probabilistic information obtained from the dictionary. Initially, the image patches are assigned to the nearest dictionary element, where the image is sampled at each pixel such that patches overlap. The curve divides the image into an inside and an outside region allowing...... us to estimate the pixel-wise probability of the dictionary elements. In each iteration we evolve the curve and update the probabilities, which merges similar texture patterns and pulls dissimilar patterns apart. We experimentally evaluate our approach, and show how textured objects are precisely...
Multilingualism and Dictionaries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Multilingualism and Dictionaries The Russian-Bulgarian-Polish dictionary that we (Wojciech Sosnowski, Violetta Koseska-Toszewa and Anna Kisiel are currently developing has no precedent as far as its theoretical foundations and its structure are concerned. The dictionary offers a unique combination of three Slavic languages that belong to three different groups: a West Slavic language (Polish, a South Slavic language (Bulgarian and an East Slavic language (Russian. The dictionary describes semantic and syntactic equivalents of words between the languages. When completed, the dictionary will contain around 30,000 entries. The principle we build the dictionary on is that every language should be given equal status. Many of our data come from the Parallel Polish-Bulgarian-Russian corpus developed by us as part of the CLARIN-PL initiative. In the print version, the entries come in the order of the Cyrillic alphabet and they are not numbered (except for homonyms, which are disambiguated with Roman numbers. We selected the lemmas for the dictionary on the basis of their frequency in the corpus. Our dictionary is the first dictionary to include forms of address and most recent neologisms in the three languages. Faithful to the recent developments in contrastive linguistics, we begin with a form from the dictionary’s primary language and we define it in Polish. Subsequently, based on this definition, we try to find an equivalent in the second and the third language. Therefore, the meaning comes first and only then we look for the form (i.e. the equivalent that corresponds to this meaning. This principle, outlined in Gramatyka konfrontatywna języków polskiego i bułgarskiego (GKBP, allows us to treat data from multiple languages as equal. In the dictionary, we draw attention to the correct choice of equivalents in translation; we also provide categorisers that indicate the meaning of verbal tenses and aspects. The definitions of states, events and
Multi-scale modeling for sustainable chemical production.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhuang, Kai; Bakshi, Bhavik R; Herrgård, Markus J

2013-09-01

With recent advances in metabolic engineering, it is now technically possible to produce a wide portfolio of existing petrochemical products from biomass feedstock. In recent years, a number of modeling approaches have been developed to support the engineering and decision-making processes associated with the development and implementation of a sustainable biochemical industry. The temporal and spatial scales of modeling approaches for sustainable chemical production vary greatly, ranging from metabolic models that aid the design of fermentative microbial strains to material and monetary flow models that explore the ecological impacts of all economic activities. Research efforts that attempt to connect the models at different scales have been limited. Here, we review a number of existing modeling approaches and their applications at the scales of metabolism, bioreactor, overall process, chemical industry, economy, and ecosystem. In addition, we propose a multi-scale approach for integrating the existing models into a cohesive framework. The major benefit of this proposed framework is that the design and decision-making at each scale can be informed, guided, and constrained by simulations and predictions at every other scale. In addition, the development of this multi-scale framework would promote cohesive collaborations across multiple traditionally disconnected modeling disciplines to achieve sustainable chemical production. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
The Ideology of the Perfect Dictionary: How Efficient Can a Dictionary Be?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michaël Abecassis

2011-10-01

Full Text Available
Abstract: Dictionaries have become essential tools of the modern world. Not only have dictionary sales dramatically increased, but the variety of dictionaries and the competition between editors are also very much on the rise. Monolingual dictionaries attract native speakers for several reasons. Some wish to capture the subtleties of their own language, others to speak the 'standard' language, and an 'ideologically' politically correct variety devoid of colloquialisms, hence the crucial role played by style labels. Furthermore, a large number of word enthusiasts enjoy linguistic curiosities, archaisms and other vestiges from the past conserved in dictionaries. Is the concept of a perfect dictionary a reality or an ideal? There is no perfect student. Language learners, for whom dictionaries are of great importance, seek user-friendly material which will improve both their fluency in and understanding of the target language, and embed acquired lexis in their long-term memory. Lexicographers, in their search for perfection and in compliance with users' wishes, are constantly innovating, and every dictionary hopes to become a landmark in lexicography and in second language acquisition. This article aims to look at the way dictionaries have evolved and assess the latest generation of computer-based dictionaries, as well as consider possible developments which will contribute to the compilation of future dictionaries.
Keywords: LEXICOGRAPHY, LEXICAL ACQUISITION, VOCABULARY, STYLE LABELS,CORPUS/CORPORA, DICTIONARIES, IDEOLOGY, STANDARD, LANGUAGE LEARNING,FRENCH MONOLINGUAL DICTIONARIES, ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES, CD-ROMS
Opsomming: Die ideologie van die volmaakte woordeboek: Hoe doeltreffendkan 'n woordeboek wees? Woordeboeke het noodsaaklike werktuie van die modernewêreld geword. Nie alleen het woordeboekverkope dramaties vermeerder nie, maar die verskeidenheidwoordeboeke en die wedywering tussen redakteurs is ook aansienlik aan die
Self-expressive Dictionary Learning for Dynamic 3D Reconstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Enliang; Ji, Dinghuang; Dunn, Enrique; Frahm, Jan-Michael

2017-08-22

We target the problem of sparse 3D reconstruction of dynamic objects observed by multiple unsynchronized video cameras with unknown temporal overlap. To this end, we develop a framework to recover the unknown structure without sequencing information across video sequences. Our proposed compressed sensing framework poses the estimation of 3D structure as the problem of dictionary learning, where the dictionary is defined as an aggregation of the temporally varying 3D structures. Given the smooth motion of dynamic objects, we observe any element in the dictionary can be well approximated by a sparse linear combination of other elements in the same dictionary (i.e. self-expression). Our formulation optimizes a biconvex cost function that leverages a compressed sensing formulation and enforces both structural dependency coherence across video streams, as well as motion smoothness across estimates from common video sources. We further analyze the reconstructability of our approach under different capture scenarios, and its comparison and relation to existing methods. Experimental results on large amounts of synthetic data as well as real imagery demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
MISTRAL: A game-theoretical model to allocate security measures in a multi-modal chemical transportation network with adaptive adversaries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Talarico, Luca; Reniers, Genserik; Sörensen, Kenneth; Springael, Johan

2015-01-01

In this paper we present a multi-modal security-transportation model to allocate security resources within a chemical supply chain which is characterized by the use of different transport modes, each having their own security features. We consider security-related risks so as to take measures against terrorist acts which could target critical transportation systems. The idea of addressing security-related issues, by supporting decisions for preventing or mitigating intentional acts on transportation infrastructure, has gained attention in academic research only recently. The decision model presented in this paper is based on game theory and it can be employed to organize intelligence capabilities aimed at securing chemical supply chains. It enables detection and warning against impending attacks on transportation infrastructures and the subsequent adoption of security countermeasures. This is of extreme importance for preventing terrorist attacks and for avoiding (possibly huge) human and economic losses. In our work we also provide data sources and numerical simulations by applying the proposed model to a illustrative multi-modal chemical supply chain. - Highlights: • A model to increase the security in a multimodal chemical supply chain is proposed. • The model considers adaptive opponents having multi-attribute utility functions. • The model is based on game theory using an attacker–defender schema. • The model provides recommendations about where to allocate security measures. • Numerical simulations on a sample multimodal chemical supply chain are shown
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: 蛋白・熱量不足栄養障害 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term 蛋白・熱量不足栄養障害名詞一般 * * * * 蛋白・熱量不足栄養障害 ... MeSH D011502 200906044930460161 C LS51 MULTI_WORD 蛋白・熱量不足栄養障害
J-GLOBAL MeSH Dictionary: フレームシフト突然変異 [MeCab user dictionary for science technology term[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MeCab user dictionary for science technology term フレームシフト突然変異名詞一般 * * * * フレームシフト突然変異 ... MeSH D016368 200906007358576967 C LS18 MULTI_WORD フレームシフト突然変異

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