77 FR 39222 - Consumer Use of Reverse Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-02

... influence reverse mortgage consumers' decision-making, consumers' use of reverse mortgage loan proceeds.... Sensitive personal information such as account numbers or Social Security numbers should not be included... personal information that could be used to identify an individual consumer or account, nor should they...

Asset backed securities : risks, ratings and quantitative modelling

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jönsson, B.H.B.; Schoutens, W.

2009-01-01

Asset backed securities (ABSs) are structured finance products backed by pools of assets and are created through a securitisation process. The risks in asset backed securities, such as, credit risk, prepayment risk, market risks, operational risk, and legal risks, are directly connected with the

77 FR 70175 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Public Housing Mortgage Program...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-23

... public housing real property or grant a security interest in other tangible forms of personal property if the proceeds of the loan resulting from the mortgage or security interest are used for low- income..., October 21, 1998) added Section 30, Public Housing Mortgages and Security Interest, to the United States...

Dutch securities for American land speculation in the late-eighteenth century

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Frehen, R.G.P.; Goetzmann, W.; Rouwenhorst, K.G.; White, E.N.; Snowden, K.; Fishback, P.

The end of the 18th century was one of the most innovative periods in the history of securitization. Public markets for mortgage-backed securities are among the most interesting developments of the period. In The Netherlands, a network of merchant investment bankers used sophisticated methods for

78 FR 48547 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans-Supplemental Proposal

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-08

..., Carolyn B. Engelhardt, Bank Examiner (Risk Specialist--Credit), (202) 649-6404, Charlotte M. Bahin, Senior... 129H prohibits a creditor from extending credit in the form of a ``higher-risk mortgage'' loan to any... rule. The term ``higher-risk mortgage'' encompasses a closed-end consumer credit transaction secured by...

Effect of loan value and collateral on value of mortgage default

OpenAIRE

Itoo, R. A.; Selvarasu, A.; Filipe, J.

2013-01-01

This study explore the factors influencing mortgage loan default by using the data of mortgage default case from Jammu and Kashmir Bank. To achieve the study objectives sixteen variables are taken. The variables are categorized into three dimensions as borrower’s profile, loan value contents and collateral security. The tools used for analysis of data describing mortgage loan defaulter’s are chi-square, regression, ANOVA, and logistic regression through SPSS 18.0. The results indicate that th...

A primer on the mortgage market and mortgage finance

OpenAIRE

Daniel J. McDonald; Daniel L. Thornton

2008-01-01

This article is a primer on mortgage finance. It discusses the basics of the mortgage market and mortgage finance. In so doing, it provides useful information that can aid individuals in making better mortgage finance decisions. The discussion and the tools are presented within the context of mortgage finance; however, these same principles and tools can be applied to a wide range of financial decisions.

77 FR 56857 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment; Public Housing Mortgage Program and...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-14

... of the loan resulting from the mortgage or security interest are used for low-income housing uses... mortgage or security interest in any public housing real estate or other assets, a proposal must be submitted to HUD. After approval and execution of any legal documents associated with the loan and related...

25 CFR 152.34 - Approval of mortgages and deeds of trust.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Approval of mortgages and deeds of trust. 152.34 Section 152.34 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER ISSUANCE OF PATENTS IN FEE, CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY, REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS, AND SALE OF CERTAIN INDIAN LANDS Mortgages and Deeds of Trust to Secure Loans to...

BackTrack testing wireless network security

CERN Document Server

Cardwell, Kevin

2013-01-01

Written in an easy-to-follow step-by-step format, you will be able to get started in next to no time with minimal effort and zero fuss.BackTrack: Testing Wireless Network Security is for anyone who has an interest in security and who wants to know more about wireless networks.All you need is some experience with networks and computers and you will be ready to go.

Mortgage Default Risk

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chauvet, Marcelle; Gabriel, Stuart; Lutz, Chandler

2016-01-01

We use Google search query data to develop a broad-based and real-time index of mortgage default risk. Unlike established indicators, our Mortgage Default Risk Index (MDRI) directly reflects households’concerns regarding their risk of mortgage default. The MDRI predicts housing returns, mortgage ...... delinquency indicators, and subprime credit default swaps. These results persist both in- and out-of-sample and at multiple data frequencies. Together, research findings suggest internet search queries yield valuable new insights into household mortgage default risk....

12 CFR 226.39 - Mortgage transfer disclosures.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... to the loan or it is assigned to the servicer solely for the administrative convenience of the servicer in servicing the obligation. (2) A “mortgage loan” means any consumer credit transaction that is secured by the principal dwelling of a consumer. (b) Disclosure required. Except as provided in paragraph...

12 CFR 1731.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... AND SOUNDNESS MORTGAGE FRAUD REPORTING § 1731.2 Definitions. For purposes of this part— (a) Director... Association or the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation. (c) Mortgage fraud means a material misstatement... mortgage, including a mortgage associated with a mortgage-backed security or similar financial instrument...

RESIDENTIAL MORTGAGE IN MODERN RUSSIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dementiev N. P.

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The article presents a comparative analysis of residential mortgages in Russia and the United States. The primary ways of mortgage refinancing are outlined. Predominance of the elements of two-level refinancing system of residential mortgage in Russia and the United States is shown. The activity of the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending (AHML, the basic tool of the Russian government’s mortgage policy, is described in detail. In its objectives and functions the AHML is similar to the American mortgage agencies Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Similarities were identified in the Russian and US residential mortgages in the pre-crisis period (high rates of mortgage growth, favourable economic conjuncture, low interest rates, large increase in house prices, speculative housing demand. During the mortgage crisis, the policies of the Russian and US governments and monetary authorities had also much in common (monetary policy easing, cheap central banks loans, extended facilities of mortgage refinancing on the part of state agencies, mortgage rescue scheme, social mortgage programs. But the scope of mortgage in Russia is enormously narrow as compared to the US mortgage. The most important reason for that - low incomes of the Russian population.

Analysis of Tax-deductible Interest Payments for Re-advanceable Canadian Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

Naseem, Almas; Reesor, Mark

2011-11-01

According to Canadian tax law the interest on loans used for investment purposes is tax deductible while interest on personal mortgage loans is not. One way of transforming from non-tax deductible to tax deductible interest expenses is to borrow against home equity to make investments. A re-advanceable mortgage is a product specifically designed to take advantage of this tax discrepancy. Using simulation we study the risk associated with the re-advanceable mortgage strategy to provide a better description of the mortgagor's position. We assume that the mortgagor invests the borrowings secured by home equity into a single risky asset (e.g., stock or mutual fund) whose evolution is described by geometric Brownian motion (GBM). With a re-advanceable mortgage we find that the average mortgage payoff time is less than the original mortgage term. However, there is considerable variation in the payoff times with a significant probability of a payoff time exceeding the original mortgage term. Higher income homeowners enjoy a payoff time distribution with both a lower average and a lower standard deviation than low-income homeowners. Thus this strategy is most beneficial to those with the highest income. We also find this strategy protects the homeowner in the event of job loss. This work is important to lenders, financial planners and homeowners to more fully understand the benefits and risk associated with this strategy.

Numerical ability predicts mortgage default.

Science.gov (United States)

Gerardi, Kristopher; Goette, Lorenz; Meier, Stephan

2013-07-09

Unprecedented levels of US subprime mortgage defaults precipitated a severe global financial crisis in late 2008, plunging much of the industrialized world into a deep recession. However, the fundamental reasons for why US mortgages defaulted at such spectacular rates remain largely unknown. This paper presents empirical evidence showing that the ability to perform basic mathematical calculations is negatively associated with the propensity to default on one's mortgage. We measure several aspects of financial literacy and cognitive ability in a survey of subprime mortgage borrowers who took out loans in 2006 and 2007, and match them to objective, detailed administrative data on mortgage characteristics and payment histories. The relationship between numerical ability and mortgage default is robust to controlling for a broad set of sociodemographic variables, and is not driven by other aspects of cognitive ability. We find no support for the hypothesis that numerical ability impacts mortgage outcomes through the choice of the mortgage contract. Rather, our results suggest that individuals with limited numerical ability default on their mortgage due to behavior unrelated to the initial choice of their mortgage.

Numerical ability predicts mortgage default

Science.gov (United States)

Gerardi, Kristopher; Goette, Lorenz; Meier, Stephan

2013-01-01

Unprecedented levels of US subprime mortgage defaults precipitated a severe global financial crisis in late 2008, plunging much of the industrialized world into a deep recession. However, the fundamental reasons for why US mortgages defaulted at such spectacular rates remain largely unknown. This paper presents empirical evidence showing that the ability to perform basic mathematical calculations is negatively associated with the propensity to default on one’s mortgage. We measure several aspects of financial literacy and cognitive ability in a survey of subprime mortgage borrowers who took out loans in 2006 and 2007, and match them to objective, detailed administrative data on mortgage characteristics and payment histories. The relationship between numerical ability and mortgage default is robust to controlling for a broad set of sociodemographic variables, and is not driven by other aspects of cognitive ability. We find no support for the hypothesis that numerical ability impacts mortgage outcomes through the choice of the mortgage contract. Rather, our results suggest that individuals with limited numerical ability default on their mortgage due to behavior unrelated to the initial choice of their mortgage. PMID:23798401

ENFORCEMENT OF MORTGAGE CONTRACT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alisa A. BELU

2016-07-01

Full Text Available A chattel mortgage contract is the expression of a real guarantee that gives the creditor precedence over other creditors, in addition to the general pledge upon the belongings of the debtor. It refers to the sale of mortgaged movable assets, exclusively or prioritized in favor of the mortgaging creditor, in case the debtor does not comply with his / her commitments, under the signed mortgage contract. Beginning from this purpose, shared by both sides (as the chattel mortgage contract is synallagmatic, in case the debtor is unable to fulfill his / her commitments, the sides reach a situation of enforcement of the signed chattel mortgage contract. Given the legal status of the chattel mortgage contract [Art. 2387-2477 Noul Cod Civil , Universul Juridic, Bucureşti, 2016, ISBN 978-606-673-792-0], the principle of binding force of the contract and the principle according to which signed legal conventions will entail legal effects, the Romanian law maker developed the proper legal framework for the enforcement of the chattel mortgage contract. [art. 622 si urm. Noul Cod de Procedură Civilă, ed. Hamangiu, Bucureşti, 2016, ISBN 978-606-27-0459-9].

24 CFR 232.525 - Note and security form.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.525 Note and security form. The lender shall...

24 CFR 4001.203 - Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. 4001.203 Section 4001.203 Housing and Urban Development... HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM Rights and Obligations Under the Contract of Insurance § 4001.203 Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. (a...

17 CFR 230.139a - Publications by brokers or dealers distributing asset-backed securities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Publications by brokers or... Publications by brokers or dealers distributing asset-backed securities. The publication or distribution by a broker or dealer of information, an opinion or a recommendation with respect to asset-backed securities...

12 CFR 1731.3 - Unsafe and unsound conduct.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... DEVELOPMENT SAFETY AND SOUNDNESS MORTGAGE FRAUD REPORTING § 1731.3 Unsafe and unsound conduct. An Enterprise may not require the repurchase of or may not decline to purchase a mortgage, mortgage backed security, or similar financial instrument because of possible mortgage fraud without promptly reporting to the...

24 CFR 241.555 - Security instrument and lien.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... that a default under the first mortgage is a default under the supplementary loan security instrument... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Security instrument and lien. 241... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER...

Portfolio Optimization and Mortgage Choice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maj-Britt Nordfang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper studies the optimal mortgage choice of an investor in a simple bond market with a stochastic interest rate and access to term life insurance. The study is based on advances in stochastic control theory, which provides analytical solutions to portfolio problems with a stochastic interest rate. We derive the optimal portfolio of a mortgagor in a simple framework and formulate stylized versions of mortgage products offered in the market today. This allows us to analyze the optimal investment strategy in terms of optimal mortgage choice. We conclude that certain extreme investors optimally choose either a traditional fixed rate mortgage or an adjustable rate mortgage, while investors with moderate risk aversion and income prefer a mix of the two. By matching specific investor characteristics to existing mortgage products, our study provides a better understanding of the complex and yet restricted mortgage choice faced by many household investors. In addition, the simple analytical framework enables a detailed analysis of how changes to market, income and preference parameters affect the optimal mortgage choice.

17 CFR 210.12-23 - Mortgage loans on real estate and interest earned on mortgages. 1

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... each of the above classes of mortgage loans the average gross rate of interest on mortgage loans held... mortgages sold Amortization of premium Other (describe) Balance at close of period $ If additions represent... item of mortgage loans on real estate investments has been written down or reserved against pursuant to...

Stochastic optimization of subprime residential mortgage loan funding and its risks / by B. de Waal

OpenAIRE

De Waal, Bernadine

2010-01-01

The subprime mortgage crisis (SMC) is an ongoing housing and nancial crisis that was triggered by a marked increase in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the U.S. It has had major adverse consequences for banks and nancial markets around the globe since it became apparent in 2007. In our research, we examine an originator's (OR's) nonlinear stochastic optimal control problem related to choices regarding deposit inflow rates and marketable securities allocation. Here, ...

Reforming Housing Finance

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Willemann, Søren; Svenstrup, Mikkel

2006-01-01

We investigate the effect of adding a distinct feature of the Danish mortgage market to the US market, namely a buyback option, which enables mortgagors to buy back their share of the mortgage-backed security at market price. Extending a standard referenced pricing-model, we find that the introdu...

A Public Choice Approach to the Unequal Treatment of Securities Market Participants and Home Borrowers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonathan Macey

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This article contrasts the protections provided to participants in U.S. securities markets with the protections provided to participants in the U.S. mortgage markets. Participants in securities markets purchase and sell equity and debt securities. Participants in the mortgage markets borrow money to buy homes, using those homes as collateral for the mortgage loans they receive. Even after Dodd-Frank, participants in securities markets are afforded significantly higher levels of protection than participants in mortgage markets. The doctrine of suitability is a prime example of this inequity. Exploring possible explanations for this odd asymmetry of treatment, I conclude that interest group politics is to blame for the anomaly.

24 CFR 257.203 - Calculation of up-front and annual mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. 257.203 Section 257.203 Housing and Urban... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. (a) Applicable premiums. Any mortgage presented for... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM...

24 CFR 242.23 - Maximum mortgage amounts and cash equity requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... addition to the value of plant, property, and equipment and other values recognized as loan security in the commitment process. Exercise of this discretion shall never cause a loan to exceed 90 percent of estimated... COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL...

Terminated Multifamily Mortgages Database

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Housing and Urban Development — This dataset includes all terminated HUD Multifamily mortgages except those from the Hospital Mortgage Insurance Program. It includes the Holder and Servicer at the...

Safe and Liquid Mortgage Bonds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dick-Nielsen, Jens; Gyntelberg, Jacob; Lund, Jesper

This paper shows that strict match pass-through funding of covered bonds provides safe and liquid mortgage bonds. Despite a 30% drop in house prices during the 2008 global crisis Danish mortgage bonds remained as liquid as most European government bonds. The Danish pass-through system effectively...... eliminates credit risk from the investor's perspective. Similar to other safe bonds, funding liquidity becomes the main driver of mortgage bond liquidity and this creates commonality in liquidity across markets and countries. These findings have implications for how to design a robust mortgage bond system...

26 CFR 1.6050H-1 - Information reporting of mortgage interest received in a trade or business from an individual.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... of record. A payor of record on a mortgage is the person carried on the books and records of the interest recipient as the principal borrower on the mortgage. If the books and records of the interest... from the payor of record is secured by the payor of record's principal residence. An intention by the...

7 CFR 1980.333 - Promissory notes and security instruments.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... promissory notes, real estate mortgages, including deeds of trust and similar instruments, and security... Interest Assistance Agreement, assure that the closing agent properly records a junior mortgage or deed of...

77 FR 23524 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-19

... (``SBA-Backed ABS'') and traded either in Specified Pool Transactions or to be announced (``TBA... Mortgage-Backed Security, Specified Pool Transaction, Asset-Backed Security and To Be Announced (``TBA... that are traded TBA (``MBS TBA transactions''), subject to dissemination caps, and to reduce the...

Mortgage Finance in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2011-01-01

A brief introduction to the Danish mortgage system and some of the challenges and possibilities within this framework.......A brief introduction to the Danish mortgage system and some of the challenges and possibilities within this framework....

24 CFR 203.18c - One-time or up-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. 203.18c Section 203.18c Housing and...-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. After... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE...

Mortgage Debt and Wages

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wood, James

2017-01-01

Different approaches to mortgage debt may impact wages, how homeowners engage with employers and welfare services, and economic growth.......Different approaches to mortgage debt may impact wages, how homeowners engage with employers and welfare services, and economic growth....

Mortgage market regulation: Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; Smith, S.J.

2012-01-01

Despite several European Union (EU) initiatives, there is only limited pan-European mortgage market regulation. The EU strategy can be characterised as one of parallel liberalisation and consolidation. This article highlights the key differences in regulation among European mortgage markets.

Danish Mortgage Finance, Property Rights Protection and Economic Development

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Haldrup, Karin

of screening methods for assessing the readiness for such transplantation depends on a deeper understanding of three large domains: A) Mortgage Finance, B) Cadastre and Land Registration; and C) Economic Development; and the interrelations between these three areas. In particular the thesis has focused...... formal property rights regimes and real credit with implications for development strategies. The PhD was co-sponsored by VP Securities A/S, www.vp.dk...

24 CFR 221.254 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 221... Cost Homes § 221.254 Mortgage insurance premiums. (a) All of the provisions of §§ 203.260 through 203.295 of this chapter relating to mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under...

7 CFR 1822.269 - Security.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Security. 1822.269 Section 1822.269 Agriculture..., Procedures, and Authorizations § 1822.269 Security. Each loan will be secured by a mortgage on the property purchased or improved with the loan, and a security interest in the funds held by the corporation in trust...

76 FR 81472 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-28

... securities holdings of the public retirement systems component of the economy. The Federal Reserve Board uses... securities including bonds and mortgage backed securities will be moved from ``Corporate Bonds'' to [[Page 81473

The globalization and Europeanization of mortgage markets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.

2009-01-01

Do globalization and Europeanization lead to the deterritorialization of European mortgage markets? Neither economic globalization nor EU policies have resulted in one European mortgage market. The various European mortgage markets are still quite different from one another in many respects. In most

On a class of adjustable rate mortgage loans subject to a strict balance principle

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Astrup Jensen, Bjarne

We describe the background and the basic funding mechanisms for the type of adjustable rate mortgageloans that were introduced in the Danish market in 1996. Each loan is funded separately by tap issuingpass-through mortgage bonds (`strict balance principle'). The novelty is a funding mechanism...... that usesa roll-over strategy, where long term loans are funded by sequentially issuing short term pass-throughbonds, and the first issuer of these loans obtained a patent on the funding principles in 1999. Publiclyavailable descriptions of the principles leave an impression of very complicated numerical...... algorithms.The algorithms described here show that the essentials can be reduced to a `back of an envelope' complexity.Keywords: Adjustable rate mortgages, balance principle, patent, yield curve riding...

How to Manage the Mortgage Credit Risk in Turkey? Can Dual-indexed Mortgages be a Remedy?

OpenAIRE

Ali Alp; M. Mete Doganay

2009-01-01

A market-oriented housing finance system has been under discussion in Turkey recently. In this article we analyze different types of mortgages that have been used in developed and developing countries to select the one that is most appropriate for Turkey-one which minimizes risks for both lenders and borrowers. Each type of mortgage presents different risks to borrowers and lenders. After taking into consideration the economic history of Turkey, we conclude that the most appropriate mortgage ...

76 FR 29147 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-20

...-AA32 Federal Home Loan Bank Investments AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency; Federal Housing Finance...-adopting existing investment regulations that apply to the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) and that were...' investment in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and certain asset-backed securities (ABS) that were previously...

24 CFR 203.255 - Insurance of mortgage.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Mortgage Scorecard is used by the mortgagee, and the TOTAL Mortgage Scorecard has determined that the application represents an acceptable risk under terms and conditions agreed to by the FHA, a Direct... also applicable to the use of the TOTAL Mortgage Scorecard: (i) Mortgagees and vendors must certify to...

24 CFR 241.1030 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 241... Loans-Eligibility Requirements § 241.1030 Mortgage insurance premiums. The lender, upon endorsement of the note, shall pay the Commissioner a first mortgage insurance premium equal to 0.5 percent of the...

ANALYSIS OF MORTGAGE LENDING IN BANKS IN UKRAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Violetta Kharabara

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose is a mortgage market that occupies one of the major places among the financial mechanisms of economic stimulation and stable development of the economy. The mortgage market occupies one of the main places of financial mechanisms and economic incentives for the sustainable economic development. Mortgage lending covers the provision of long-term bank loans for the purchase, construction of residential real estate, as well as for repairs or to develop their own small businesses, where the collateral for such loans is real estate. Distinctive features of mortgages include: mortgages, like any collateral, in fact, is a way to ensure proper implementation of the other (main liabilities – loan or credit agreement, lease, contract, compensation, etc.; the subject of a mortgage is always real estate. Real estate includes land plots and everything that is firmly associated with them: buildings, perennial plants, etc.; mortgaged property remains in the possession of the debtor; the agreement between the creditor and the debtor on the establishment of a mortgage is formalized by a special document – the mortgage, which is also subject to state registration. The mortgage crediting is the method of accumulation of financial resources, effective instrument of bank activity, and an important factor in economic development of the country on the whole. Research results are market of the real estate and financial services development, to the revival of fund market, here the mortgage crediting is capable not only of activating reforms in industries of the economy but also gradually providing the decision of housing problems of the population. Practical consequences consist in the solution of problems that are related to the market for mortgage services of Ukraine’s development from 2006 to 2016. Value/originality. Analysis of the mortgage market in Ukraine shows that in recent years, its scope, dynamics, and trends do not meet the needs of either

24 CFR 266.415 - Mortgage lien and other obligations.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... determine, that all contractual obligations in connection with the mortgage transaction, including the... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage lien and other obligations... Mortgage and Closing Requirements; HUD Endorsement § 266.415 Mortgage lien and other obligations. (a) Liens...

24 CFR 266.602 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insured advances.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Insured... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.602 Mortgage insurance premium: Insured.... On each anniversary of the initial closing, the HFA shall pay an interim mortgage insurance premium...

Residential Mortgage Market in Economic and Social Development of Ukraine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Onysko Stefaniia M.

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The article studies tendencies of development of the residential mortgage market in Ukraine in the post-crisis period 2009 – 2012, identifies main tendencies of development of the Ukrainian mortgage market and conducts analysis of the level of mortgage interest rates. The article analyses the modern state of the mortgage market of Ukraine, dynamics of volumes of mortgage loans, their cost, structure of banks as mortgage creditors and cost of housing in Ukraine in the studied period. The article makes a number of offers on efficiency of mortgage, offers directions of financial support of rehabilitation of the market for solving housing problems of the population and identifies importance of state support of mortgage development.

24 CFR 266.604 - Mortgage insurance premium: Other requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Other... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.604 Mortgage insurance premium: Other..., based upon the respective share of risk, that is to be used in calculating mortgage insurance premiums...

Measuring Value at Risk for Mortgage Backed Securities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Svend

1996-01-01

, especially with respect to the estimation of zero coupon yield curves as well as in the choice of mapping techniques. The MBS-valuation is done by a model developed in Jakobsen(1992,1994), which includes burn-out effects without the need for Monte Carlo simulation. The mapping of deltaequivalent cash flows...

77 FR 59227 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-26

... man-made disaster, act of God, armed conflict, act of terrorism, riot, or labor disruption, or any... strategies. The liquidity of a security, especially in the case of asset-backed and mortgage-backed debt... strategies, as described above, the Fund may invest in money market securities in a manner consistent with...

Pricing Shared Appreciation Mortgages

OpenAIRE

Zhong, Yina

2006-01-01

This paper develops a model for the valuation of shared appreciation mortgage (SAM) and examines the effect of reduction in interest rate on the mortgage duration and share of property appreciation lender charges. The recent rise in SAM availability, as a result of some secondary market financial support and prerequisite standardization, motivates a more careful consideration of the underlying SAM value. The primary difference between the SAM model and the model for general traditional mor...

Fracking and mortgage default

OpenAIRE

Cunningham, Christopher R.; Gerardi, Kristopher; Shen, Yannan

2017-01-01

This paper finds that increased hydraulic fracturing, or "fracking", along the Marcellus Formation in Pennsylvania had a significant, negative effect on mortgage credit risk. Controlling for potential endogeneity bias by utilizing the underlying geologic properties of the land as instrumental variables for fracking activity, we find that mortgages originated before the 2007 boom in shale gas, were, post-boom, significantly less likely to default in areas with greater drilling activity. The we...

77 FR 26698 - Allocation of Mortgage Insurance Premiums

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-07

... Allocation of Mortgage Insurance Premiums AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Final... explain how to allocate prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums to determine the amount of the... Act of 2010. The regulations affect taxpayers who pay prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums...

Green mortgages in the Netherlands

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bosch, N.

1997-01-01

Since November 1996 sustainable building of houses is also part of the fiscal Regulation for Green Projects (i.e. the stimulation of environment-friendly investments). The extension of that financial regulation resulted in a new product: Green Mortgages. The conditions that have to be met to be qualified for a Green Mortgage are briefly outlined

Optimal Mortgage Refinancing: A Closed Form Solution.

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Sumit; Driscoll, John C; Laibson, David I

2013-06-01

We derive the first closed-form optimal refinancing rule: Refinance when the current mortgage interest rate falls below the original rate by at least [Formula: see text] In this formula W (.) is the Lambert W -function, [Formula: see text] ρ is the real discount rate, λ is the expected real rate of exogenous mortgage repayment, σ is the standard deviation of the mortgage rate, κ/M is the ratio of the tax-adjusted refinancing cost and the remaining mortgage value, and τ is the marginal tax rate. This expression is derived by solving a tractable class of refinancing problems. Our quantitative results closely match those reported by researchers using numerical methods.

76 FR 6185 - Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

Science.gov (United States)

2011-02-03

... UNION ADMINISTRATION Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators AGENCY: Office of the Comptroller of the..., Agency-regulated institutions) who act as a residential mortgage loan originator to register with the... registration system for mortgage loan originators. Specifically, the Act requires: (1) All States to provide...

24 CFR 221.256 - Interest rate increase and payment of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Interest rate increase and payment... Interest rate increase and payment of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and § 221.65... continuation of a below market interest rate, interest on such mortgage shall be computed by the mortgagee at...

Experienced discrimination in home mortgage lending

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Secchi, Davide; Seri, Raffaello

2017-01-01

This article proposes a framework for the analysis of experienced discrimination in home mortgages. It addresses the problem of home mortgage lending discrimination in one of the richest areas of northern Italy. Employees of a local hospital were interviewed to study their perception (or experien...

Commercial mortgages: An underutilized channel for scaling energy efficiency investments?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathew, Paul; Wallace, Nancy; Alschuler, Elena; Kolstad, Leonard

2016-02-01

Commercial mortgages currently do not fully account for energy factors in underwriting and valuation, particularly as it relates to the impact of energy costs and volatility on an owner’s net operating income. As a consequence, energy efficiency is not properly valued and energy risks are not properly assessed and mitigated. Commercial mortgages are a large lever and could be a significant channel for scaling energy efficiency investments. A pilot analysis of loans with different mortgage contract structures and locations showed that when energy cost volatility was included in mortgage valuation, a 20% reduction in energy use resulted in a 1.3% average increase in mortgage value. This suggests that the explicit inclusion of energy use and volatility in mortgage valuation can send a strong price signal that financially rewards and values energy efficiency in commercial properties. This paper presents findings from a scoping study addressing energy factors in commercial mortgages. First, we present a review of current practices as it relates to incorporating energy factors into commercial mortgage underwriting and valuation. Next, we detail the impacts of energy factors on property values, net operating income and mortgage valuation. Building operational practices alone can result in energy use variations from -17% to 87%. Finally, we present a set of proposed interventions to properly address energy factors in commercial mortgages, based on extensive discussions with stakeholders including mortgage originators, underwriters, building owners and regulators.

78 FR 70856 - Information Reporting of Mortgage Insurance Premiums

Science.gov (United States)

2013-11-27

... Information Reporting of Mortgage Insurance Premiums AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... regulations that require information reporting by persons who receive mortgage insurance premiums, including... reporting requirements that result from the extension of the treatment of mortgage insurance premiums made...

Analysis of increasing trend of mortgage volume in the Czech Republic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Petra Střelcová

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is an empirical analysis of mortgage volume in the Czech Republic and factors identification of the increasing trend of the mortgage volume in the period from 2001 to 2007. Firstly, analysis of quarterly time series of mortgage volume and average mortgage rate are performed. Consequently, causality between mortgage volume and average mortgage rate is analysed. The morgage rate is the most important factor for economic subjects decision of residential investment. Afterwards, it is analysed causality between mortgage volume and selected factors via multiple regression analysis. Based on this analysis, influencing factors for multiple regression analysis describing mortgage volume are selected. Our empirical analysis validate the causality between mortgage volume and mortgage rate, unemployment rate and price level of real estates. Part of this paper is also economic eduction of causality and estimation of expect progress of mortgage volume especially in connection with present economic and business recession.

Common Problems of Mortgage Banking Development in Poland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Szelągowska

2007-03-01

Full Text Available In many countries the mortgage banking plays a basic role in the housing funding. The Polish model of the housing funding in large measure grounded on banking loans. However, more than 95% of mortgage loans come from universal banks. Mortgage banks, which have existed in the Polish economy for 10 years still play a small role in housing funding.

Optimal Mortgage Refinancing: A Closed Form Solution

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Sumit; Driscoll, John C.; Laibson, David I.

2013-01-01

We derive the first closed-form optimal refinancing rule: Refinance when the current mortgage interest rate falls below the original rate by at least 1ψ[ϕ+W(−exp(−ϕ))]. In this formula W(.) is the Lambert W-function, ψ=2(ρ+λ)σ,ϕ=1+ψ(ρ+λ)κ∕M(1−τ), ρ is the real discount rate, λ is the expected real rate of exogenous mortgage repayment, σ is the standard deviation of the mortgage rate, κ/M is the ratio of the tax-adjusted refinancing cost and the remaining mortgage value, and τ is the marginal tax rate. This expression is derived by solving a tractable class of refinancing problems. Our quantitative results closely match those reported by researchers using numerical methods. PMID:25843977

Losses on Dutch residential mortgage insurances

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Francke, M.K.; Schilder, F.P.W.

2014-01-01

Purpose - This paper aims to study the data on losses on mortgage insurance in the Dutch housing market to find the key drivers of the probability of loss. In 2013, 25 per cent of all Dutch homeowners were "under water": selling the property will not cover the outstanding mortgage debt. The

24 CFR 266.410 - Mortgage provisions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... HOUSING FINANCE AGENCY RISK-SHARING PROGRAM FOR INSURED AFFORDABLE MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Mortgage and... than the purpose intended on the day the mortgage was executed. The conversion of a project from rental... requirements apply as long as the HFA retains an interest in the project and final claim settlement has not...

76 FR 15309 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended; System of Records; Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-21

... regulated by a Federal banking agency or the Farm Credit Administration who acts as a residential mortgage... information online into the NMLSR Web site. Once collected, the information will be maintained in the NMLSR.... FINRA operates similar systems in the securities industry. More information about this system is...

31 CFR 337.13 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... insurance premiums. When book-entry debentures are being purchased prior to maturity to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, the difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the mortgage insurance... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payment of mortgage insurance...

78 FR 10367 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-13

... the current sale. A creditor of a ``higher-risk mortgage'' must also: Provide the applicant, at the... addition, the final rule implements the Act's requirement that the creditor of a ``higher-risk mortgage... provision requiring appraisals for ``higher-risk mortgages'' that was added to TILA by the Dodd-Frank Wall...

Financial Literacy and the Use of Interest-Only Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

Seay, Martin C.; Preece, Gloria L.; Le, Vincent C.

2017-01-01

This study explored the relationship between financial literacy and the use of interest-only mortgages using data from the 2009 National Financial Capability Study (NFCS). A series of analyses were conducted to investigate characteristics associated with the use of an interest-only mortgage as a primary mortgage, as compared to fixed-rate mortgage…

Ten myths about subprime mortgages

OpenAIRE

Yuliya Demyanyk

2009-01-01

On close inspection many of the most popular explanations for the subprime crisis turn out to be myths. Empirical research shows that the causes of the subprime mortgage crisis and its magnitude were more complicated than mortgage interest rate resets, declining underwriting standards, or declining home values. Nor were its causes unlike other crises of the past. The subprime crisis was building for years before showing any signs and was fed by lending, securitization, leveraging, and housing...

Mortgage risks, debt literacy and financial advice

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Ooijen, Raun; van Rooij, Maarten C.J.

2016-01-01

A limited understanding of mortgage contracts and the risks involved may have contributed to the outbreak of the 2007–2008 financial crisis. We developed a special questionnaire relating mortgage loan decisions to financial knowledge and financial advice. Our results demonstrate that homeowners

A New Paradigm in Mortgage Loan Advice

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Otterstedt, Margrét Sesselja; Rasmussen, Kourosh Marjani; Kulahci, Murat

2013-01-01

The Danish mortgage market has undergone considerable changes during the last 15 years. New and more complex variations of loan products have been introduced. Nevertheless, mortgage loan advice has remained, by large, unchanged. This paper addresses a study where a number of new refinancing rules...

Obstacles to the Mortgage Financing of Forest Rights and its Countermeasures

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

2011-01-01

Current status of the mortgage financing of forest rights is introduced.Significance of the development of mortgage financing of rural forest rights is analyzed,indicating that the mortgage financing of rural forest rights is an inevitable trend of rural reform development,Mortgage financing of forest rights in rural China is an effective vector for the farmers’ income increase project with financial support,explores the great potential of forest resources,promotes the coordinated development of forestry and financial services.Major obstacles for the mortgage financing of forest rights at present is pointed out,which are the high assessment fees,the complex mortgage valuation,the unsound element market of forestry,and the lack of risk protection mechanism.Countermeasures for the development of mortgage financing of forest rights is out forward.For instance,both government and Forestry Bureau should strengthen the circulation services,establish smooth evaluation mechanism,establish companies for rural assets platform,increase the interest subsidies for forest right mortgage and the risk compensation,strengthen the team construction and improve the service system.

Home-mortgage lending trends in New England in 2010

OpenAIRE

Ana Patricia Muñoz

2012-01-01

This brief analysis of home-mortgage lending trends in New England is based on data collected under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA). HMDA provides information on mortgage lending trends and includes data by loan purpose, type of loan, income, and the race and ethnicity of borrowers. In this report we focus on home-purchase and refinance loans in New England.

24 CFR 266.600 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.600 Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion. (a) Initial premium. For projects insured upon completion, on...

9 CFR 55.6 - Mortgage against animals.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Mortgage against animals. 55.6 Section 55.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... DISEASE Chronic Wasting Disease Indemnification Program § 55.6 Mortgage against animals. When cervids have...

78 FR 14350 - Notice of Single Family Loan Sales (SFLS 2013-1)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-05

...-708- 2625, extension 3927. Hearing- or speech-impaired individuals may call 202-708-4594 (TTY). These... backing Ginnie Mae mortgage-backed securities extinguished and terminated by Ginnie Mae. Freedom of... Freedom of Information Act and all regulations promulgated thereunder. Scope of Notice This notice applies...

76 FR 37857 - Russell Exchange Traded Funds Trust, et al.; Notice of Application

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-28

... replace any Deposit Security or Redemption Security that is a to-be-announced transaction (``TBA Transaction''). A TBA Transaction is a method of trading mortgage-backed securities. In a TBA Transaction, the... amount of substituted cash in the case of TBA Transactions will be equivalent to the value of the TBA...

75 FR 26815 - AdvisorShares Investments, LLC and AdvisorShares Trust; Notice of Application

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-12

... replace any Deposit Security or Redemption Security that is a to-be-announced transaction (``TBA Transaction''). A TBA transaction is a method of trading mortgage-backed securities. In a TBA Transaction, the... amount of substituted cash in the case of TBA Transactions will be equivalent to the value of the TBA...

24 CFR 3500.21 - Mortgage servicing transfers.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... servicer means a servicer, including a table funding mortgage broker or dealer on a first lien dealer loan..., mortgage broker who anticipates using table funding, or dealer who anticipates a first lien dealer loan... applicants, and material in square brackets is optional or alternative language. The model format may be...

24 CFR 266.606 - Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... AFFORDABLE MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.606 Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying. (a) Duration of payments. Mortgage insurance...

24 CFR 203.420 - Nature of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Nature of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. 203.420 Section 203.420 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... and Distributive Shares § 203.420 Nature of Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund. The Mutual Mortgage...

24 CFR 266.608 - Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Pro... PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.608 Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund. If the Contract of Insurance is terminated by payment in full or is terminated...

Looking beyond credit ratings : Factors investors consider In pricing European asset-backed securities

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fabozzi, F.; Vink, D.

2012-01-01

In this paper, we empirically investigate what credit factors investors rely upon when pricing the spread at issue for European asset-backed securities. More specifically, we investigate how credit factors affect new issuance spreads after taking into account credit rating. We do so by investigating

Miraculous financial engineering or toxic finance? The genesis of the U.S. subprime mortgage loans crisis and its consequences on the global financial markets and real economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivo Pezzuto

2012-09-01

Full Text Available In the fall of 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage loans defaults have turned into Wall Street’s biggest crisis since the Great Depression. As hundreds of billions in mortgage-related investments went bad, banks became suspicious of one another’s potential undisclosed credit losses and preferred to reduce their exposure in the interbank markets, thus causing interbank interest rates and credit default swaps increases, a liquidity shortage problem and a worsened credit crunch condition to consumers and businesses. Massive cash injections into money markets and interest rates reductions have been assured by central banks in an attempt to shore up banks and to restore confidence within the financial system. Even Governments have promoted bail-out deal agreements, protections from bankruptcies, recapitalizations and bank nationalizations in order to rescue banks from disastrous bankruptcies. The credit crisis originated in the previous years when the Federal Reserve sharply lowered interest rates (Fed Funds at 1% to limit the economic damage of the stock market decline due to the 2000 dot.com companies’ crisis. Lower interest rates made mortgage payments cheaper, and the demand for homes began to rise, sending prices up. In addition, millions of homeowners took advantage of the rate drop to refinance their existing mortgages. As the industry ramped up, the quality of the mortgages went down due to poor credit origination and credit risk assessment. Delinquency and default rates began to rise in 2006 as interest rates rose (Fed Funds at 5,25% and poor households across the US struggled to pay off their mortgages. Many of them went bankrupt and lost their homes but the pace of lending did not slow. Banks have transformed much of the high-risk mortgage debt (securitizations into mortgage-backed securities (MBS and collateralised debt obligations (CDO, and have sold these assets on the financial markets to investment firms and insurance companies

SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF MORTGAGE LENDING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irina V. Orlova

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The article considers the methodological and algorithmic problems arising in modeling and forecasting of time series of mortgage loans. Focuses on the processes of formation of the levels of time series of mortgage loans and the problem of choice and identification of models in the conditions of small samples. For forecasting options are selected and implemented a model of autoregressive and moving average, which allowed to obtain reliable forecasts.

76 FR 26549 - Removal of Certain References to Credit Ratings Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-06

... related security'' and ``small business related security,'' respectively, as the Commission considers how... terms ``mortgage related security'' and ``small business related security,'' respectively, as the...),\\9\\ which defines the term ``small business related security.'' In place of the credit rating...

76 FR 43826 - Mortgage Acts and Practices-Advertising

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-22

... commercial communication regarding any term of any mortgage credit product; and imposes certain recordkeeping... misrepresentation in any commercial communication regarding any term of any mortgage credit product, and it imposed... ``making any material misrepresentation * * * in any commercial communication, regarding any term of any...

78 FR 51046 - Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-20

... FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 610 RIN 3052-AC78 Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators... residential mortgage loan originators employed by Farm Credit System (FCS or System) institutions. We are... loan originators at banks, savings associations, credit unions, FCS institutions, and their...

26 CFR 1.6050H-3T - Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Information reporting requirements. Any... section applies to the receipt of all payments of mortgage insurance premiums, by cash or financing... premiums is determined on a mortgage-by-mortgage basis. A recipient need not aggregate mortgage insurance...

Valuation of Urban Commercial Properties in Nigeria for Secured Lending: Issues and Developments

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Namnso Bassey Udoekanem

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Valuation for secured lending is required when an interest in real property is used as security for a loan. The outcome of such valuation will help the lending institution to achieve commercial prudence in lending as well as avoid taking undue risk. This paper examines the issues and developments in the valuation of urban commercial properties in Nigeria for secured lending purposes. It argues that due to the volatile nature of the Nigerian economy, coupled with the linkage between the economy and commercial property markets, the maximum amount of loan to be granted by lenders in the country using interest in commercial property as collateral should be based on the Mortgage Lending Value (MLV and not the Market Value (MV of the property, although the market value should also be reported in the valuation. A case study is used to demonstrate the valuation. It further contends that since the inputs for determining the MLV of a commercial property must be derived from long-term trends in the property and financial markets, it is more stable than MV when used to determine the maximum amount of mortgage loan to be granted by a lender. It concludes that the stability of the MLV makes it more reliable than the MV in achieving commercial prudence in mortgage lending as it fits into the long-term nature of mortgage loan repayment.

Subprime cities: the political economy of mortgage markets

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.

2012-01-01

The study of mortgage markets has traditionally been the domain of economists. During historic times of turmoil and change, however, social scientists of various stripes are often called upon to shape our understanding of ways mortgage markets function. We are presently experiencing an episode of

Path innovation of rural property mortgage financing in China

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wu Yongchao

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Rural property mortgage financing, as an important breakthrough to deepen the reform of rural property right system and financial system, is an important approach to increase the farmers’ property income. Besides, rural property mortgage financing is of great significance in implementing the rural land usufructuary right and meeting the demand of medium-and-long-term and large-scale operation of the funds used in agricultural production. Under the existing institutional arrangement, the property mortgage financing in the rural areas of our country still is faced with many obstacles, and it is still at the stage of low level development. In this paper, closely based on the acceptability and the difficulty in the mortgaged property involving in legal disposal, the author puts forward important methods: clearly define the ownership, unify the urban and rural markets, increase the participation enthusiasm of financing bodies, and improve the supporting policies to promote property mortgage financing in rural area. Finally, the government should give farmers more property rights and revitalize the usufructuary right of agricultural land and its derivative right.

Reverse Mortgage Participation in the United States: Evidence from a National Study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Swarn Chatterjee

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This paper uses the most recent wave of a nationally representative dataset to examine the factors associated with elderly homeowners’ decision to obtain reverse mortgage loans. The findings of this study suggest that very few homeowners participated in the reverse mortgage market, and homeowners younger than 67 were less likely to have reverse mortgage loans. However, homeowners who were risk averse, and homeowners in the two highest quartiles of net worth were more likely to have reverse mortgage loans. Further analyses reveal that among the reverse mortgage participants, homeowners with long-term care insurance coverage were less likely to have reverse mortgage loans. Implications for financial economists, financial planners, policy-makers, and scholars of retirement economics are included.

24 CFR 203.260 - Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Mortgage Insurance Premiums-Periodic Payment § 203.260 Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP). 203.260 Section 203.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to...

76 FR 4489 - Disclosure for Asset-Backed Securities Required by Section 943 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-26

... on Loan-Repurchase Demands Sets `Template' for Banks,'' Bloomberg (Jan. 4, 2011) available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-03/banks-stocks-rise-after-bank-of-america-settles-mortgage-putback... Proceeding with Countrywide Lawsuit, Mortgage Servicing News, Feb. 1, 2009 (describing class action investor...

Securitization, loan modification and the supply of subprime mortgage credit in the US

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anton Theunissen

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This paper develops a continuous time, contingent claims model of mortgage valuation with strategic behavior to show that mortgages that are securitized are characterized by significantly higher loan to value ratios than mortgages held on the balance sheet of the originator, if securitized mortgages cannot be renegotiated. Insofar as securitization inhibits loan modification, it serves as a credible threat to the borrower that default will provoke foreclosure. This enhances the value of the lender’s claim on the loan collateral, the home, and she is willing to lend more per dollar of collateral value. An important implication of the analysis is that the higher loan to value ratio for the securitized mortgage does not imply that the securitized mortgage is characterized by looser underwriting standards than the mortgage held on balance sheet. Higher loan to value ratios for securitized mortgages do not necessarily constitute evidence that securitization encourages risky lending.

Oversizing of the subprime mortgage market as the main cause of its fall

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Živkov Dejan

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was one of the first indicators of the great financial crisis that escalated in late 2008. The law deregulation and human greed are considered to be the main causes of the crisis. However, some recent analyses have shown one more cause of the mortgage crisis, that seems to be crucial - oversizing of the subprime mortgage market. Due to the fact that the subprime mortgage market depends on the prime mortgage market, in an attempt to provide its stability and sustainable growth, some kind of the ratio between the number of subprime and the prime mortgages must have been taken into the consideration.

A New Paradigm in Islamic Housing: Non-Bank Islamic Mortgage

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Egi Arvian Firmansyah

2018-05-01

Full Text Available An increasing demand for a sharia-compliant housing has resulted in a new initiative where the mortgage can presently be directly handled by the developer without involving the bank. This is called non-bank Islamic mortgage. This paper is aimed at portraying the consumer’s profile of non-bank Islamic mortgage and the issues of this practice. We disseminated questionnaires to the respondents in several cities in West Java who bought the house-using non-bank Islamic mortgage scheme. Subsequently, we synthesized the answers regarding their profiles and issues of the scheme for the betterment in the future. One of the issues of this scheme is the higher fraud because there is no rigorous credit scoring as conducted by the bank. The research of non-bank Islamic mortgage is still scant so this paper is expected to shed the light by contributing to the literature of Islamic home financing.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v10i2.7274

The National Housing Fund, Mortgage Finance and Capital Formation in Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ADETILOYE Kehinde Adekunle

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Mortgage financing is one of the ways by which housing stocks are added and capital formation takes place in an economy. This paper examined the impact of the National Housing Fund (NHF, a government agency, in the process of capital formation in Nigeria. The paper adopted some key variables among which are capital formation, lending rate and capital expenditure and the various aspects of mortgage loans in the economy. The paper employed the Two Stage Least Square (2SLS techniques to measure the impact of the various units. It discovers that the mortgage loan generally is significant and insurance companies advances for mortgage is also significant while the National Housing Fund (NHF is not significant. This is however due to many problems bedevilling the Fund. The paper recommends among others, the deepening of the mortgage finance market, further assistance to the help to the National Housing Fund and while the government incentivises the firms involved in lending on mortgage fiscally to improve performance and capital stocks in the economy.

‘Mortgaged lives’: the biopolitics of debt and housing financialisation

OpenAIRE

Garcia Lamarca, Melissa; Kaika, Maria

2016-01-01

The paper expands the conceptual framework within which we examine mortgage debt by reconceptualising mortgages as a biotechnology: a technology of power over life that forges an intimate relationship between global financial markets, everyday life and human labour. Taking seriously the materiality of mortgage contracts as a means of forging new embodied practices of financialisation, we urge for the need to move beyond a policy? and macroeconomics?based analysis of housing financialisation. ...

IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF MORTGAGE CREDITING OF RESIDENTIAL REAL ESTATE IN UKRAINE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexander Goloven

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the article is to improve the system of mortgage crediting of residential real estate in Ukraine. Mortgage lending appeared in Ukraine in the early XVII century, today the actual problem is a small percentage of the banking book long-term mortgage loans, because banks, on the one hand, tend to rotate without the risk of short-term funds, another potential borrower of these loans, unfortunately, is not creditworthy. However, despite the risks, this banking product is a significant factor in the redistribution and accumulation of funds, the transformation of private savings into investment resources, the problem of housing, but also contributes to the stabilization of the economy in the country as a whole. Functioning and the distribution of mortgage capital, the possible financial risks, the interaction of the mortgage market by the financial, investment and monetary Affairs, leads to a certain complexity of the mechanism of functioning of the mortgage market of Ukraine in general. The relevance of this topic not only in the development of the housing market, but also the feasibility studies for the development of this issue. We present an analysis of the institutional environment of mortgage lending residential real estate, which gave an opportunity to identify and define the environment of modern residential real estate market, its relationship with other markets. Methodology. The survey is based on institutional structure of the mortgage market that has evolved independently of other structures, independently within country under the influence of specific socio-economic environment and economic policy. Results of the survey showed that mortgage lending can be providing the borrower with some free services, such as: long-term deposit on favorable terms, notary services, insurance, discounts on bank services, providing services to the bank and the developer, given appropriate training of the borrower and so forth. Practical

76 FR 33297 - Consumer Advisory Council; Notice of Meeting of the Consumer Advisory Council

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-08

..., in Dining Room E on the Terrace Level of the Martin Building. For security purposes, anyone planning.... Proposed Rules Regarding Ability to Pay for Mortgage Loans Members will discuss the Board's proposed rules... on a proposed rule that would require sponsors of asset-backed securities to retain at least 5...

12 CFR 1750.4 - Minimum capital requirement computation.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... current market value of posted qualifying collateral, computed in accordance with appendix A to this subpart; (ii) 1.50 percent of the market value of qualifying collateral posted to secure interest rate and... differences in the credit risk of such obligations in relation to mortgage-backed securities. (b) Any asset or...

Denmark; Systemic Issues in Mortgage Loans and Covered Bond Finance: Technical Note

OpenAIRE

International Monetary Fund

2014-01-01

This technical note analyzes systemic issues in mortgage loans and covered bond finance in Denmark. Mortgage lending has seen significant product innovation in recent years. Loans with adjustable interest rates and/or interest-only periods, which have been introduced since the late 1990s, had grown to 75 percent and 53 percent, respectively, of total outstanding mortgage loans at the end of 2013. The major changes in the characteristics of the underlying mortgage loans have naturally been ref...

Higher Bank Capital Requirements and Mortgage Pricing: Evidence from the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCB)

OpenAIRE

Basten, Christhoph; Koch, Cathérine

2015-01-01

How has the CCB affected mortgage pricing after Switzerland became the first country to activate this Basel III macroprudential tool? By analyzing a database with several offers per mortgage request, we construct a picture of mortgage supply and demand. We find, first, that the CCB changes the composition of mortgage supply, as relatively capital-constrained and mortgage-specialized banks raise prices more than their competitors do. Second, risk-weighting schemes linked to borrower risk do no...

78 FR 3042 - J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, et al.; Notice of Application and Temporary Order

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-15

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. IC-30347; 812-14094] J.P. Morgan Securities LLC... entered against J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (``JPMS''), EMC Mortgage, LLC (``EMC''), Bear Stearns Asset... Inc. (``SACO'') and J.P. Morgan Acceptance Corporation I (``JPMAC'') (together, the ``Defendants'') on...

31 CFR 337.8 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... insurance premiums. When certificated debentures are tendered for purchase prior to maturity in order that the proceeds thereof be applied to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, any difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the amount of the mortgage insurance premium will generally be...

Modeling a Distribution of Mortgage Credit Losses

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gapko, Petr; Šmíd, Martin

2010-01-01

Roč. 23, č. 23 (2010), s. 1-23 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA402/09/0965; GA ČR GD402/09/H045 Grant - others:Univerzita Karlova - GAUK(CZ) 46108 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Keywords : Credit Risk * Mortgage * Delinquency Rate * Generalized Hyperbolic Distribution * Normal Distribution Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2010/E/gapko-modeling a distribution of mortgage credit losses-ies wp.pdf

9 CFR 53.9 - Mortgage against animals or materials.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Mortgage against animals or materials. 53.9 Section 53.9 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT....9 Mortgage against animals or materials. When animals or materials have been destroyed pursuant to...

Multiple Layers of Credit and Mortgage Crises

OpenAIRE

Paula Hernandez-Verme

2011-01-01

I examine a production economy with a financial sector that contains multiple layers of credit. Such layers are designed to constitute credit chains which are inclusive of a simple mortgage market. The focus is on the nature and contagion properties of credit chains in an economy where the financial sector plays a real allocative role and agents have a nontrivial choice of whether to default on mortgages or not. Multiple equilibria with different rates of default are observed, due to the pres...

Mortgage lenders and loans

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; Smith, S.J.

2012-01-01

This article presents a short historical overview of the different types of lenders that are active in the origination of residential mortgage loans. First, a distinction is made between depository and nondepository lenders. Second, there are two major types of depository lenders: commercial banks,

77 FR 23273 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Counseling...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-18

... Collection; Comment Request: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Counseling Client Survey AGENCY: Office of the... information: Title of Proposal: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Counseling Client Survey. OMB Control Number... reverse mortgage counseling. As part of HUD's evaluation of its HECM counseling program, performance...

Semi-analytical MBS Pricing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rom-Poulsen, Niels

2007-01-01

This paper presents a multi-factor valuation model for fixed-rate callable mortgage backed securities (MBS). The model yields semi-analytic solutions for the value of MBS in the sense that the MBS value is found by solving a system of ordinary differential equations. Instead of modelling the cond......This paper presents a multi-factor valuation model for fixed-rate callable mortgage backed securities (MBS). The model yields semi-analytic solutions for the value of MBS in the sense that the MBS value is found by solving a system of ordinary differential equations. Instead of modelling...... interest rate model. However, if the pool size is specified in a way that makes the expectations solvable using transform methods, semi-analytic pricing formulas are achieved. The affine and quadratic pricing frameworks are combined to get flexible and sophisticated prepayment functions. We show...

9 CFR 56.7 - Mortgage against poultry or eggs.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Mortgage against poultry or eggs. 56.7... AGRICULTURE COOPERATIVE CONTROL AND ERADICATION OF LIVESTOCK OR POULTRY DISEASES CONTROL OF H5/H7 LOW PATHOGENIC AVIAN INFLUENZA § 56.7 Mortgage against poultry or eggs. When poultry or eggs have been destroyed...

Transforming the Mortgage System and Challenging the Zombie Economy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wood, James

2017-01-01

By developing stable mortgage finance institutions that do not require government bailouts we can break the “doom loop” between the financial sector and the British state.......By developing stable mortgage finance institutions that do not require government bailouts we can break the “doom loop” between the financial sector and the British state....

Maximizing Home Equity or Preventing Home Loss: Reverse Mortgage Decision Making and Racial Inequality.

Science.gov (United States)

Keene, Danya E; Sarnak, Ann; Coyle, Caitlin

2018-03-07

Reverse mortgages are loans that allow older homeowners to borrow from their home equity with no repayment due until the borrower dies or moves out of the home. We currently know very little about how homeowners evaluate and experience reverse mortgages as solutions to their financial and housing needs in later life. Furthermore, despite an increasingly diverse population of reverse mortgage borrowers, we know little about how social inequalities may contribute to reverse mortgage decisions and their outcomes. In this paper, we examine reverse mortgage decision-making and experiences in a racially and economically diverse sample of older US homeowners. We conducted 44 in-depth interviews with older homeowners who were considering or who had obtained a reverse mortgage loan. We inductively and iteratively developed a thematic coding scheme that was applied to all interview transcripts. Our analysis produced a dichotomous schema of reverse mortgage decision making that was shaped by social and economic opportunities and constraints. For some participants, reverse mortgages represented strategic tools used to maximize home equity and its benefits. For others, it was an option of last resort to which participants turned when faced with the imminent loss of their home. Focusing on reverse mortgages, our analysis suggests way that social inequalities may be reproduced through financial decisions and the unequal landscapes of opportunity in which they are made.

Competition in the Dutch mortgage market: notes on concentration, entry, funding, and margins

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Treur, L.; Boonstra, W.W.

2014-01-01

This article describes the institutions that shape the Dutch mortgage market, as well as how they affect mortgage funding, and, ultimately, mortgage interest rates. The Dutch housing market is characterized by a very large social housing sector, as well as a relatively large share of owner-occupied

18 CFR 131.43 - Report of securities issued.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee 6. State mortgage registration tax 7. State commission fee 8. Fee for recording indenture 9. United States document tax 10. Printing and engraving expenses 11. Trustee's charges 12. Counsel fees 13. Accountant's fees 14. Cost of listing 15. Miscellaneous...

12 CFR 201.109 - Eligibility for discount of mortgage company notes.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... directly affect the production or distribution of goods and services. Mortgage banking, on the other hand... inventory of mortgage loans pending their “packaging” for sale to permanent investors that are usually...

Modeling a Distribution of Mortgage Credit Losses

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gapko, Petr; Šmíd, Martin

2012-01-01

Roč. 60, č. 10 (2012), s. 1005-1023 ISSN 0013-3035 R&D Projects: GA ČR GD402/09/H045; GA ČR(CZ) GBP402/12/G097 Grant - others:Univerzita Karlova(CZ) 46108 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10750506 Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : credit risk * mortgage * delinquency rate * generalized hyperbolic distribution * normal distribution Subject RIV: AH - Economics Impact factor: 0.194, year: 2012 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2013/E/smid-modeling a distribution of mortgage credit losses.pdf

Lapse rate modeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

De Giovanni, Domenico

2010-01-01

prepayment models for mortgage backed securities, this paper builds a Rational Expectation (RE) model describing the policyholders' behavior in lapsing the contract. A market model with stochastic interest rates is considered, and the pricing is carried out through numerical approximation...

Lapse Rate Modeling

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

De Giovanni, Domenico

prepayment models for mortgage backed securities, this paper builds a Rational Expectation (RE) model describing the policyholders' behavior in lapsing the contract. A market model with stochastic interest rates is considered, and the pricing is carried out through numerical approximation...

Second Mortgages

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Miltersen, Kristian R.; Torous, Walter N.

correlates homeowners' default decisions so that a large drop in house prices can result in almost all of these homeowners defaulting together. In this case, even the most senior tranches of structured financial products collateralized by first-lien mortgages may no longer be protected from default losses...... after the bursting of the U.S. housing bubble. By contrast, our results are not consistent with the argument that the observed downgrades occurred because the severity of the U.S. housing market downturn was underestimated by credit rating agencies....

"Cream-skimming" in subprime mortgage securitizations : which subprime mortgage loans were sold by depository institutions prior to the crisis of 2007?

OpenAIRE

Paul S. Calem; Christopher Henderson; Jonathan Liles

2010-01-01

Depository institutions may use information advantages along dimensions not observed or considered by outside parties to "cream-skim," meaning to transfer risk to naive, uninformed, or unconcerned investors through the sale or securitization process. This paper examines whether "cream-skimming" behavior was common practice in the subprime mortgage securitization market prior to its collapse in 2007. Using Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data merged with data on subprime loan delinquency by ZIP c...

Allegheny County Mortgage Foreclosure Records

Data.gov (United States)

Allegheny County / City of Pittsburgh / Western PA Regional Data Center — This data includes filings related to mortgage foreclosure in Allegheny County. The foreclosure process enables a lender to take possession of a property due to an...

78 FR 59890 - Qualified Mortgage Definition for HUD Insured and Guaranteed Single Family Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-30

... construction and policy implications demonstrates that there are sound reasons for adopting either... borrower except for minor adjustments.\\16\\ \\16\\ Handbook 4155.1, Ch. 6, Sec. C (Mortgage Credit Analysis....gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/administration/hudclips/handbooks/hsgh/4155.1 . Requiring...

Energy Factors in Commercial Mortgages: Gaps and Opportunities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mathew, Paul [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Coleman, Philip [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Wallace, Nancy [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Issler, Paulo [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Kolstad, Lenny [Inst. for Market Transformation, Washington, DC (United States); Sahadi, Robert [Inst. for Market Transformation, Washington, DC (United States)

2016-09-01

The commercial real estate mortgage market is enormous, with almost half a trillion dollars in deals originated in 2015. Relative to other energy efficiency financing mechanisms, very little attention has been paid to the potential of commercial mortgages as a channel for promoting energy efficiency investments. The valuation and underwriting elements of the business are largely driven by the “net operating income” (NOI) metric – essentially, rents minus expenses. While NOI ostensibly includes all expenses, energy factors are in several ways given short shrift in the underwriting process. This is particularly interesting when juxtaposed upon a not insignificant body of research revealing that there are in fact tangible benefits (such as higher valuations and lower vacancy and default rates) for energy-efficient and “green” commercial buildings. This scoping report characterizes the current status and potential interventions to promote greater inclusion of energy factors in the commercial mortgage process.

76 FR 40741 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Multifamily Housing Programs...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-11

... Administration (FHA) Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Multifamily Housing Programs, Health Care Facilities and... mortgage insurance premiums (MIPs) for FHA Multifamily Housing, Health Care Facilities, and Hospital... mortgage insurance regulation at 24 CFR 207.254 provides as follows: Notice of future premium changes will...

77 FR 21580 - Changes in Certain Multifamily Housing and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Premiums for...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-10

... Multifamily Housing and Health Care Facility Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Fiscal Year (FY) 2013 AGENCY...: In accordance with HUD regulations, this notice announces changes of the mortgage insurance premiums... mortgage. The mortgage insurance premiums to be in effect for FHA firm commitments issued or reissued in FY...

THE ROLE OF MORTGAGE CREDIT IN ENSURING ECONOMIC GROWTH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. L. Garipova

2014-04-01

Full Text Available The decision of the important social task - ensuring the availability of housing for the mass of the population of the country, on the one hand, allowed to launch investment, savings, financial and credit mechanisms for ensuring economic growth of the Russian economy on the other. Despite the high degree of sophistication in the scientific literature of the organization of mortgage lending system, a study of its impact on economic growth factors in the scientific literature clearly insufficient. The original article was the theory of economic growth, which allowed on the basis of research of interaction of demand for residential property, it deals with the housing mortgage credit to justify a conclusion about its importance not only for solution of social tasks, availability of housing, but also a significant impact on the demand and supply on the residential property market. Based on the analysis of statistical data for the period from 2006 to 2012, and their correlation analysis carried out research of factors of development of housing markets and mortgage lending, namely incomes, housing prices, interest rates on loans, «channel lending conditions, the terms of banking mortgage.Purchase on Elibrary.ru > Buy now

Secondary mortgage market (SMM): Is it right for financing housing ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

It notes that the scale of mortgage origination in the primary market is limited; the adjudication process is slow; collateralization is inadequate; and the land title regime is poor. It suggests that it is appropriate for Ghana to concentrate on solving these basic problems before any attempt at implementing a secondary mortgage ...

24 CFR 213.259a - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... All of the provisions of §§ 213.253 through 213.259 governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply... mortgage insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 213.253 through 213.259 shall be... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

24 CFR 266.610 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 266.610 Section 266.610 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.610 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner deems appropriate, the...

Home Truths: Promises and Challenges in Linking Mortgages and Political Influence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Deniz Igan

2016-11-01

Full Text Available What can “big data” tell us about the dynamics shaping the regulation of and activities in housing and mortgage markets? This paper describes a detailed database of the lobbying activities, campaign contributions, political connections, and mortgage lending activities of the financial industry. A review of the findings of recent research that has utilized this data set suggests that the political influence of the financial industry may have a bearing on the regulation of mortgage markets and, in turn, on risk-taking by lenders. A key challenge is deciphering the motivations behind the politically targeted activities of the financial industry.

Determinants of primary market spreads on U.K. RMBS and it’s implications for investor reliance on credit ratings

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fabozzi, F.; Vink, D.

2012-01-01

We provide empirical evidence about the credit factors that affect the pricing of newly issued residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) in the U.K. Our findings add an important element to the current debate by regulators throughout the world regarding whether investors rely exclusively on

78 FR 59366 - Multifamily, Healthcare Facilities, and Hospital Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Fiscal Year (FY...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-26

... Facilities, and Hospital Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Fiscal Year (FY) 2014 AGENCY: Office of the... with HUD regulations, this Notice announces the mortgage insurance premiums (MIPs) for Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Multifamily, Healthcare Facilities, and Hospital mortgage insurance programs that have...

Dutch mortgage arrears and the role of the global financial crisis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Teye, A.L.; De Haan, J.; Elsinga, M.

2015-01-01

As in many countries, the Dutch housing market was severely hit by the recent financial crisis. Following the recession, the average house price in the Netherlands fell by almost 25% and the proportion of homeowners with mortgage payment arrears nearly doubled. In this paper, we study mortgage

Financial literacy, risk aversion and choice of mortgage type by households

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Cox, R.; Brounen, Dirk; Neuteboom, P.

2015-01-01

This paper analyzes how financial literacy and reported willingness to take financial risk impact a household’s choice of mortgage type. The results show that households reporting higher financial literacy and lower risk aversion are 55 to 97 % more likely to opt for interest-only mortgages. The

Path innovation of rural property mortgage financing in China

OpenAIRE

Wu Yongchao

2016-01-01

Rural property mortgage financing, as an important breakthrough to deepen the reform of rural property right system and financial system, is an important approach to increase the farmers’ property income. Besides, rural property mortgage financing is of great significance in implementing the rural land usufructuary right and meeting the demand of medium-and-long-term and large-scale operation of the funds used in agricultural production. Under the existing institutional arrangement, the prope...

PSA Duration: Conquering the Prepayment Risk of Mortgage Portfolios

OpenAIRE

Boleslav Gulko

1996-01-01

Money managers have little control over the values of their individual holdings, but they have considerable control over the risk exposure of their portfolios. This article introduces new tools for the risk management of mortgage portfolios. We extend the traditional duration analysis to two dimensions, interest rates and mortgage prepayments, and develop independent hedging rules for the interest rate risk and the prepayment risk. In particular, we define the PSA duration as a formal measure...

The effect of mortgage origination fees on the housing price dynamics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tsharakyan, Ashot

-, č. 357 (2008), s. 1-36 ISSN 1211-3298 R&D Projects: GA MŠk LC542 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70850503 Keywords : mortgage origination fees * housing price * mortgage market deregulation Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://www.cerge-ei.cz/pdf/wp/Wp357.pdf

How do mortgage lenders influence neighbourhood dynamics? Redlining and predatory lending

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.; van Ham, M.; Manley, D.; Bailey, N.; Simpson, L.; Maclennan, D.

2013-01-01

Manuel Aalbers argues that the actions of mortgage lenders can play an important role in understanding the trajectories of some of the most deprived neighbourhoods in Western cities. Mortgage lenders use the notion of the neighbourhood as a means to reduce their risk or to extract profit, and as

Extra-Margins in ACM's Adjusted NMa ‘Mortgage-Rate-Calculation Method

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dijkstra, M.; Schinkel, M.P.

2013-01-01

We analyse the development since 2004 of our concept of extra-margins on Dutch mortgages (Dijkstra & Schinkel, 2012), based on funding cost estimations in ACM (2013), which are an update of those in NMa (2011). Neither costs related to increased mortgage-specific risks, nor the inclusion of Basel

24 CFR 251.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 251.6 Section 251.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... HOUSING PROJECTS § 251.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the... affected lenders, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

24 CFR 252.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 252.6 Section 252.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and..., AND BOARD AND CARE HOMES § 252.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

24 CFR 236.252 - First, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 236.252 Section 236.252 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... insurance premiums. All of the provisions of § 207.252 of this chapter governing the first, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under this subpart, except: (a) Where...

26 CFR 1.166-6 - Sale of mortgaged or pledged property.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...-6 Sale of mortgaged or pledged property. (a) Deficiency deductible as bad debt—(1) Principal amount... been returned by him) as a bad debt for the taxable year in which it becomes wholly worthless or is... mortgaged or pledged property by certain mutual savings banks, domestic building and loan associations, and...

Credit booms and lending standards : Evidence from the subprime mortgage market

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dell’Ariccia, G.; Igan, D.; Laeven, L.

2012-01-01

This paper links the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis to demand-side factors that contributed to the rapid expansion of the U.S. mortgage market. We show that denial rates were relatively lower in areas that experienced faster credit demand growth and that lenders in these high-growth areas attached

24 CFR 255.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 255.6 Section 255.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... PROJECTS § 255.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of 24 CFR 251.6 shall..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

7 CFR 3565.108 - Responsibility for actions of agents and mortgage brokers.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... brokers. 3565.108 Section 3565.108 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued... Requirements § 3565.108 Responsibility for actions of agents and mortgage brokers. An approved lender is responsible for the actions of its agents and mortgage brokers. ...

The Great Mortgaging: Housing Finance, Crises, and Business Cycles

OpenAIRE

Oscar Jorda; Moritz Schularick; Alan M. Taylor

2014-01-01

This paper unveils a new resource for macroeconomic research: a long-run dataset covering disaggregated bank credit for 17 advanced economies since 1870. The new data show that the share of mortgages on banks’ balance sheets doubled in the course of the 20th century, driven by a sharp rise of mortgage lending to households. Household debt to asset ratios have risen substantially in many countries. Financial stability risks have been increasingly linked to real estate lending booms which are...

Linking mortgage finance incentives to a voluntary home energy rating system: Insight into consensus building

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jenior, M.-M.

1994-01-01

A collaborative consensus process was created to implement a program linking voluntary home energy rating systems (HERS) to mortgage incentives. The participants involved many of the stakeholders or interest groups who have a role in implementing and who will be affected by energy efficiency mortgate incentive programs linked to HERS. The participants included representatives from the primary and secondary mortgage market; real estate, home building, and remodeling industries; utilities; state, local, consumer, and environmental organizations; and home energy rating providers. The participants defined the actions required to implement as well as the technical requirements of a program linking home energy ratings and mortgage finance. Building on the recommendations of the collaborative process, members of the collaborative continue to take initiatives to put a Home Energy Rating Systems Council into place, in planning pilot programs for developing and testing ways to link HERS and mortgage programs, and in making home buyers and owners aware of existing mortgage incentives. At the same time, mortgage providers are working to develop uniformity among mortgage incentive programs and with the US Department of Energy to develop procedures to verify the relative accuracy of HERS calculation tools and their application, and with the emerging HERS Council to develop the guidelines for voluntary HERS required under the Energy Policy Act of 1992

12 CFR 226.36 - Prohibited acts or practices in connection with credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling. 226.36 Section 226.36 Banks and Banking FEDERAL... with credit secured by a consumer's principal dwelling. (a) Mortgage broker defined. For purposes of...) Misrepresentation of value of consumer's dwelling—(1) Coercion of appraiser. In connection with a consumer credit...

A boundary PDE feedback control approach for the stabilization of mortgage price dynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Rigatos, G.; Siano, P.; Sarno, D.

2017-11-01

Several transactions taking place in financial markets are dependent on the pricing of mortgages (loans for the purchase of residences, land or farms). In this article, a method for stabilization of mortgage price dynamics is developed. It is considered that mortgage prices follow a PDE model which is equivalent to a multi-asset Black-Scholes PDE. Actually it is a diffusion process evolving in a 2D assets space, where the first asset is the house price and the second asset is the interest rate. By applying semi-discretization and a finite differences scheme this multi-asset PDE is transformed into a state-space model consisting of ordinary nonlinear differential equations. For the local subsystems, into which the mortgage PDE is decomposed, it becomes possible to apply boundary-based feedback control. The controller design proceeds by showing that the state-space model of the mortgage price PDE stands for a differentially flat system. Next, for each subsystem which is related to a nonlinear ODE, a virtual control input is computed, that can invert the subsystem's dynamics and can eliminate the subsystem's tracking error. From the last row of the state-space description, the control input (boundary condition) that is actually applied to the multi-factor mortgage price PDE system is found. This control input contains recursively all virtual control inputs which were computed for the individual ODE subsystems associated with the previous rows of the state-space equation. Thus, by tracing the rows of the state-space model backwards, at each iteration of the control algorithm, one can finally obtain the control input that should be applied to the mortgage price PDE system so as to assure that all its state variables will converge to the desirable setpoints. By showing the feasibility of such a control method it is also proven that through selected modification of the PDE boundary conditions the price of the mortgage can be made to converge and stabilize at specific

Accounting Discretion of Banks During a Financial Crisis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Huizinga, H.P.; Laeven, L.

2009-01-01

This paper presents evidence of banks using accounting discretion to overstate the value of distressed assets. In particular, we show that the stock market applies far greater discounts to a bank’s real estate loans and mortgage-backed securities than are implicit in the book values of these assets,

75 FR 23631 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-04

... 2590-AA32 Federal Home Loan Bank Investments AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency, Federal Housing... Finance Agency (FHFA) is proposing to re- organize and re-adopt existing investment regulations that apply... incorporate into the new part 1267 limits on the Banks' investment in mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and...

Higher bank capital requirements and mortgage pricing: evidence from the Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffer

OpenAIRE

Basten, Christoph; Koch, Cathérine

2014-01-01

We examine mortgage pricing before and after Switzerland was the first country to activate the Counter-Cyclical Capital Buffer of Basel III. Observing multiple mortgage offers per request, we obtain three core findings. First, capitalconstrained and mortgage-specialized banks raise their rates relatively more. Second, risk-weighting schemes supposed to discriminate against more risky borrowers do not amplify the effect of higher capital requirements. Third, CCB-subjected banks and CCB-exempt ...

26 CFR 6a.103A-1 - Interest on mortgage subsidy bonds.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... interest on a mortgage subsidy bond is includable in gross income and subject to Federal income taxation... the regulations thereunder. (4) Advance refunding. On or after December 5, 1980, no tax-exempt obligation may be issued for the advance refunding of a mortgage subsidy bond (determined without regard to...

24 CFR 207.252e - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums. 207.252e Section 207.252e Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... Premiums § 207.252e Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner... mortgagees, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

The impact of possession on legality of mortgage registered on a building under construction: With case law

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicković Tanja

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The expansion of the subject of a mortgage to buildings under construction is a considerable step forward in regulating mortgages. It is not possible to register ownership rights on buildings under construction. A person acquiring ownership does not have the possibility to protect his rights. Acquiring ownership rights to a building under construction is tied to possession. This is detrimental to the principle of publicity which in turn erodes the principle of reliance. Validity of the mortgage is tied to the possession over the mortgaged real estate at the time of its registration. Such position of the courts challenges the very essence of mortgage.

Herding Behavior and Rating Convergence among Credit Rating Agencies : Evidence from the Subprime Crisis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Lugo, Stefano; Croce, Annalisa; Faff, Robert

2015-01-01

This article examines how credit rating agencies (CRAs) react to rating decisions on mortgage-backed securities by rival agencies in the aftermath of the subprime crisis. While Fitch is on average the first mover, Moody’s and S&P perform more timely downgrades given a downgrade or a more severe

[Experience feed back committee in radiotherapy (CREx): a compulsory tool for security management evaluation at two years].

Science.gov (United States)

Lartigau, E; Coche-Dequeant, B; Dumortier, V; Giscard, S; Lacornerie, T; Lasue, A; Cheval, V; Martel, V; Malfait, B; Fuchs, A; Pestel, M; Damman, M; Forrest, M

2008-11-01

After working on treatment organisation in radiotherapy (bonne pratiques organisationnelles en radiothérapie - action pilote MEAH 2003), the development of a security policy has become crucial. With the help of Air France Consulting and the MEAH, three cancer centers in Angers, Lille and Villejuif worked together on the implantation of experience feed back committees (CREx) dedicated to the registration, analysis and correction of precursor events. After two years, we report the centre Oscar-Lambret experience in Lille and try to get the recommendations for generalisation of the process. This seems now to be compulsory for security management in oncology.

75 FR 60352 - Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Mortgage Acts and Practices - Advertising Rule

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-30

... Acts and Practices - Advertising Rule AGENCY: Federal Trade Commission (FTC or Commission). ACTION...) relating to unfair or deceptive acts and practices that may occur with regard to mortgage advertising, the Mortgage Acts and Practices (MAP) - Advertising Rule (proposed rule). The proposed rule published for...

24 CFR 207.252c - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

.... All of the provisions of §§ 207.252 and 207.252a governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to... insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 207.252 and 207.252a shall be calculated on... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

Financial and estimating indicators for assessment of mortgage lending value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Benvenuti

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The article proposes a calculation criteria for the determination of the mortgage lending value which originates from the application of the financial method (direct capitalisation, by adopting a capitalisation rate calculated by means of the Debt Coverage Ratio (DCR, taking into consideration the criteria set out by the mortgage lending value, that is (i prudent appreciation of the future marketability, (ii normal and local market conditions, (iii current use and (iv long-term sustainability of the property.

75 FR 69363 - HUD Multifamily Rental Projects: Regulatory Revisions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-12

...) mortgage- backed securities, or other bond obligations specified by HUD, any of which contains a lock-out... proposed January 21, 2010. Comment: Paragraph (a)(1) of 24 CFR 207.258 should provide for an automatic 90-day extension of the deadline for filing notice of the mortgagee's election upon request. An automatic...

26 CFR 1.162-19 - Capital contributions to Federal National Mortgage Association.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... issuance price (the amount of capital contributions evidenced by a share of stock) over the fair market... sale to FNMA of mortgage paper gives rise to the issuance of a share of FNMA stock during a taxable... gain or loss from the sale to FNMA of mortgage paper, with respect to which a share of FNMA stock is...

Varieties of indebtedness: Financialization and mortgage market institutions in Europe.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Gunten, Tod; Navot, Edo

2018-02-01

During the global housing boom that preceded the 2007-9 financial crisis, household debt increased substantially in many European countries, posing a challenge for literature on financialization and the institutional heterogeneity of mortgage markets. This paper examines recent institutional shifts in European mortgage markets and specifies three analytically distinct models of debt accumulation: inclusion, extension and intensity. While existing research has emphasized inclusion (access to homeownership), we show that financial intensification is an important determinant of cross-national variation in debt. We assess the variation in financial intensity in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain) using household-level survey data. Our results show that inclusion and expansion explain only part of the cross-national variation in mortgage debt to income ratios. Furthermore, household financial behavior is consistent with the financial intensity model, and variation in the degree of financial intensification explains a substantial portion of the cross-national difference in debt levels. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

International and Russian practice of banking risk-management. Mortgage risks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. V. Nikolaeva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The goal of the work is to compare Russian norms and standards of risk management of mortgage lending with international standards of risk management based on the documents of the Basel Committee. The article also aims to analyze new banking tools of risk management of mortgage lending, that arise in connection with the application of international norms and standards of risk management.Materials and Methods: The main documents considered in the article are the agreements on capital, issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: Basel-I (1988, Basel-II (2004 and Basel-III (2010, as well as instructions and standing orders issued by the Central Bank of Russia, including: Instruction № 139-I "Ob obiazatel'nykh normativakh bankov", instruction № 1 "O poriadke regulirovaniia deiatel'nosti kommercheskikh bankov", the standing order number 215-P "O metodike opredeleniia sobstvennykh sredstv (kapitala kreditnykh organizatsii", the standing order № 395-P "O metodike opredeleniia velichiny sobstvennykh sredstv (kapitala kreditnykh organizatsii («BAZEL III»" and others. On the basis of these documents the work examines and summarizes the main methods of risk management of mortgage lending, such as: comparison and analysis of risk management techniques, study of the basic documents regulating risk management in banks and generalization of risk management methods in the segment of mortgage lending.Results: The article analyzes the legal and methodological basis of risk management and provides practical methods that can be used in practice for managerial decisions in a constantly changing external economic environment. It also analyses international and native risk management. Russian standards of risk-management are compared with international. The work conducts a critical review of the effects of introduction of international standards in Russia. Special attention is paid to the practice of mortgage risk

Liquidity Constraints and the Centralized Home Mortgage Policy in China

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gao, Cixiu

2017-01-01

This paper investigates China's centralized mortgage policy in general, and evaluates the policy change in 2011: the minimum down payment was dramatically raised to 60% of the home price. Using our previously developed structural model, we recover the unobserved liquidity wealth levels of individ......This paper investigates China's centralized mortgage policy in general, and evaluates the policy change in 2011: the minimum down payment was dramatically raised to 60% of the home price. Using our previously developed structural model, we recover the unobserved liquidity wealth levels...

Does Homeownership Counseling Affect the Prepayment and Default Behavior of Affordable Mortgage Borrowers?

Science.gov (United States)

Quercia, Roberto; Spader, Jonathan

2008-01-01

The lack of industry wide data on homeownership education and counseling (HEC) programs has severely limited evaluation. In particular, very little evidence exists on the relationship between HEC completion and loan prepayment, an outcome of interest to both mortgage lenders and consumer advocates. Where mortgage prepayment directly influences the…

26 CFR 301.7101-1 - Form of bond and security required.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

..., bank, express or telegraph money order; (v) Secured by corporate bonds or stocks, or by bonds issued by... legal residence of the primary obligor is located; (ii) He must have property subject to execution of a... or legal residence of the primary obligor is located; (iv) He must agree not to mortgage, or...

Mortgages, seniors and the common law contractual doctrine of mental incapacity in Australia.

Science.gov (United States)

Burns, Fiona

2011-01-01

Seniors in Australia are being called upon to mortgage their most precious economic asset, the family home. They may be asked to guarantee the liabilities of other family members by providing a mortgage-based guarantee or they may decide to enter into a reverse mortgage to supplement financially their savings and pensions. As the family home is the single most valuable asset for most older Australians, the creation of any obligations in regard to it ought to be undertaken with care and vigilance. While seniors are free to create mortgage, they may lack the capacity to understand the legal ramifications of these complex transactions or be unable to protect their interests when entering into them. It is not suggested that older Australians necessarily suffer a lack of contractual capacity. Many seniors are more than able to take care of their interests and assets. However, some seniors do suffer cognitive impairment which adversely affects their capacity to act in their best interests and to navigate the complexities of contractual relations. In contract and mortgage law, this raises the issue of mental incapacity. For centuries, the common law has recognized not only that mentally incapacitated people exist, but that they may enter into contracts such as mortgage and may later wish to have the mortgage set aside. The present formulation of the contractual doctrine of mental incapacity is the product of 19th century jurisprudence in which the courts framed the doctrine to accommodate commercial dealing rather than the interests of persons who lacked the necessary mental capacity. Accordingly, the doctrine has been very difficult to rely on successfully when challenging mortgages made by persons lacking capacity. Therefore, Australian litigators and courts alike have sought to deal with mental incapacity issues in the contractual context by using and modifying other doctrines (such as non est factum, undue influence and unconscionable dealing) in which the issue of

78 FR 64143 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition-Project Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-25

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5683-N-88] 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition--Project Mortgages AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information... Title of Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition--Project Mortgages. OMB Approval Number: 2502...

24 CFR 207.259a - Waiver of title objection; mortgages formerly Commissioner-held.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Rights and Duties of Mortgagee Under the Contract of Insurance § 207.259a Waiver of... any lien or other adverse interest that was senior to the mortgage on the date of the original sale of...

LJ Best of 2009 Business Books: 32 Titles

Science.gov (United States)

Cords, Sarah Statz

2010-01-01

It should come as no surprise that a large share of this year's business books focus squarely on the 2008-09 financial crisis and security-backed mortgage implosion. Investing books followed the trend as either alarmist titles advocating selling stocks, or books urging readers to take advantage of this time to buy undervalued investments. An…

Mortgage loans: an analysis of the portfolios of the largest banks in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bruno Vinícius Ramos Fernandes

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Given the current macroeconomic environment experienced in Brazil, where inflation has stabilized and the basic interest rate of the economy is in one of their historical lows, demand for mortgages is increasing. In this context, the mortgage is presented with great emphasis to meet the demand for purchasing housing in addition to being a catalyst for the reduction of the high housing deficit. From a descriptive and empirical-analytic was analyzed the mortgage loan portfolio of the largest banks of the country between the years 2001 and 2010 through Quarterly Financial Information (IFT available on the Central Bank website. It was settled a comparative relationship between the data in order to check the development of mortgage portfolios over the years and the factors that influenced this evolution, and evaluate the timeliness and quality of those loans. For the evolution of the portfolio there was an economic context in which Brazil was included in the period, and observed that for most of these operations are long term the banks are more exposed to market risk. With regard to credit risk parse that, over the years, Brazilian banks are presenting a mortgage loan portfolio with lower risk, and it is found that institutions with real estate credits with higher levels of portfolio risk are subject to have higher losses on such operations in the possibility of default.

75 FR 29877 - Affordable Housing Program Amendments: Federal Home Loan Bank Mortgage Refinancing Authority

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-28

...: Federal Home Loan Bank Mortgage Refinancing Authority AGENCY: Federal Housing Finance Agency. ACTION... Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) to permit the Federal Home Loan Banks (Banks) until July 30, 2010... Mae), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) (collectively, Enterprises), the Banks, and...

75 FR 10707 - MORTGAGE ASSISTANCE RELIEF SERVICES

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-09

... offer ``forensic audits,'' purported reviews of mortgage loans to determine lender and servicer.... filed Apr. 3, 2009); California Dep't of Real Estate, Consumer Alert 6 (warning consumers of ``forensic... defendants falsely claim to have attorneys or forensic accountants on staff); FTC v. Loan Modification Shop...

"When you're in a crisis like that, you don't want people to know": mortgage strain, stigma, and mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Keene, Danya E; Cowan, Sarah K; Baker, Amy Castro

2015-05-01

We analyzed experiences of stigmatization, concealment, and isolation among African American homeowners who were experiencing mortgage strain. We conducted semistructured interviews between March 2012 and May 2013 with 28 African American homeowners in a northeastern US city who were experiencing mortgage strain. We coded all of the transcripts and reviewed data for codes relating to stigma, sharing information, social support, social isolation, and the meaning of homeownership. Our data showed that mortgage strain can be a concealable stigma. Participants internalized this stigma, expressing shame about their mortgage situation. Additionally, some participants anticipated that others would view them as less worthy given their mortgage trouble. In an effort to avoid stigmatization, many concealed their mortgage trouble, which often led to isolation. This stigmatization, concealment, and isolation seemed to contribute to participants' depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. Stigma may exacerbate stress associated with mortgage strain and contribute to poor mental health, particularly among upwardly mobile African Americans who have overcome significant structural barriers to home ownership. Reducing stigma associated with mortgage strain may help to reduce the health consequences of this stressful life event.

Dissaving of the Past via Reverse Mortgages

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Luiza Champloni

Full Text Available We build a simple two-period general equilibrium model with incomplete markets which incorporates reverse market mortgages without appealing to the complicated framework required by the infinite horizon models. Two types of agents are considered: elderly agents and investors. The former are owners of physical assets (for instance housing who will want to sell them to investors. For that end the elderly agents, who are assumed to not have any bequest motive, issue claims against physical assets they own. One of the claims issued will be interpreted as reverse mortgage (loan for seniors and the other one as a call option written on the value of housing equity. By assuming that both the elderly agents and the investors are price takers, and by applying the generalized game approach, we show that the equilibrium in this economy always exists, providing the usual conditions on utilities and initial endowments are satisfied. We end with a remark on efficiency of the quilibrium.

Policy Incentives and the Extension of Mortgage Credit: Increasing Market Discipline for Subprime Lending

Science.gov (United States)

An, Xudong; Bostic, Raphael W.

2009-01-01

The lax underwriting in non-prime mortgage markets is widely perceived as one cause of the recent difficulties in the housing market. Policymakers are currently considering moves such as enforcing more careful underwriting to provide additional discipline to mortgage markets. This research explores the possibility of another approach to supplement…

24 CFR 206.51 - Eligibility of mortgages involving a dwelling unit in a condominium.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... a dwelling unit in a condominium. 206.51 Section 206.51 Housing and Urban Development Regulations...; Endorsement Eligible Properties § 206.51 Eligibility of mortgages involving a dwelling unit in a condominium. If the mortgage involves a dwelling unit in a condominium, the project in which the unit is located...

12 CFR 226.35 - Prohibited acts or practices in connection with higher-priced mortgage loans.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

..., and other loan pricing terms currently offered to consumers by a representative sample of creditors for mortgage transactions that have low-risk pricing characteristics. The Board publishes average... and premiums for mortgage-related insurance required by the creditor, such as insurance against loss...

76 FR 71797 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Investments and...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-18

... diligence procedures that are required for investments, but we do not intend to change the fundamental... Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Investments and Liquidity... Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Investments and Liquidity Management AGENCY...

The Exposure of Mortgage Borrowers to Interest Rate Risk, Income Risk and House Price Risk – Evidence from Swiss Loan Application Data

OpenAIRE

Guin, Benjamin; Brown, Martin

2015-01-01

We study the exposure of mortgage borrowers in Switzerland to interest rate, income and house price risks and examine how the households’ choice of risky mortgages is related to individual interest rate expectations and risk-aversion. Our analysis is based on a unique data set of household mortgage applications from September 2012 until January 2014. Our assessment of risk exposure among mortgage borrowers in Switzerland is highly sensitive to the underlying assumptions on mortgage costs, hou...

MODEL PEMBAYARAN GRADUATED PAYMENT MORTGAGE (GPM SEBAGAI SALAH SATU ALTERNATIF PEMBAYARAN KREDIT RUMAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Njo Anastasia

2003-01-01

Full Text Available The Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM has a unique stair-step payment schedule that often enhances borrower qualification for young, first-time home buyers who are anticipated to have increasing incomes. The determination of the initial payment on a GPM mortgage is often regarded as complex; therefore, textbook authors especially financial real estate normally disregard its theoretical development and substitute instead GPM interest factor tables. This study develops a general equation for finding the initial payment on a GPM and programmable computer spreadsheets (Microsoft Excel routines for implementing the general equation. This approach enhances the technical understanding of the GPM, and its offer more flexible. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia : Model Graduated Payment Mortgage (GPM memiliki keunikan dalam pembayaran pinjaman yang dapat membantu peminjam usia muda, pembeli rumah pertama yang dapat diantisipasi pertambahan pendapatannya. Pembayaran cicilan pertama GPM sangat kompleks, sehingga pada umumnya buku-buku tentang keuangan real estat menetapkan pola pembayaran GPM menggunakan tabel suku bunga. Penelitian ini mengembangkan pola pembayaran cicilan pertama GPM menggunakan program komputer (Microsoft Excel untuk lebih fleksibel dalam penerapannya. Kata kunci: graduated payment mortgage, cicilan pertama, tabel suku bunga, komputer.

78 FR 21393 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Ginnie Mae Multiclass Securities...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-10

..., Ginnie Mae has already guaranteed the collateral for the multiclass instruments. The Ginnie Mae... mortgage market and to attract new sources of capital for federally insured or guaranteed loans. Under this... guaranteed the collateral for the multiclass instruments. The Ginnie Mae Multiclass Securities Program...

75 FR 75091 - Mortgage Assistance Relief Services

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-01

... happening for a number of reasons. First, MARS have been advertised and marketed widely in mass media and... ; Stephanie Armour, Home Foreclosure Rates Posts First Annual Decline in Five Years, USA Today (May 13, 2010... demand to work for loan modification companies. One MARS advertised for consultants with mortgage and...

Security, Fraud Detection

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

First page Back Continue Last page Overview Graphics. Secure. Secure. Server – Intruder prevention/detection; Network – Encryption, PKI; Client - Secure. Fraud detection based on audit trails. Automatic alerts like credit-card alerts based on suspicious patterns.

Energy-efficient mortgages and home energy rating systems: A report on the nation`s progress

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farhar, B.C.; Eckert, J.

1993-09-01

This report summarizes progress throughout the nation in establishing voluntary programs linking home energy rating systems (HERS) and energy-efficient mortgages (EEMs). These programs use methods for rating the energy efficiency of new and existing homes and predicting energy cost savings so lenders can factor in energy cost savings when underwriting mortgages. The programs also encourage lenders to finance cost-effective energy-efficiency improvements to existing homes with low-interest mortgages or other instruments. The money saved on utility bills over the long term can more than offset the cost of such energy-efficiency improvements. The National Collaborative on HERS and EEMs recommended that this report be prepared.

Financial security evaluation of the electric power industry in China based on a back propagation neural network optimized by genetic algorithm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Wei; Xu, Yanfeng

2016-01-01

Recently security issues like investment and financing in China's power industry have become increasingly prominent, bringing serious challenges to the financial security of the domestic power industry. Thus, it deserves to develop financial safety evaluation towards the Chinese power industry and is of practical significance. In this paper, the GA (genetic algorithm) is used to optimize the connection weights and thresholds of the traditional BPNN (back propagation neural network) so the new model of BPNN based on GA is established, hereinafter referred to as GA-BPNN (back propagation neural network based on genetic algorithm). Then, an empirical example of the electric power industry in China during the period 2003–2010 was selected to verify the proposed algorithm. By comparison with three other algorithms, the results indicate the model can be applied to evaluate the financial security of China's power industry effectively. Then index values of the financial security of China's power industry in 2011 were obtained according to the tested prediction model and the comprehensive safety scores and grades are calculated by the weighted algorithm. Finally, we analyzed the reasons and throw out suggestions based on the results. The work of this paper will provide a reference for the financial security evaluation of the energy industry in the future. - Highlights: • GA-BPNN model is applied to assess the financial security of China's power industry. • 12 indexes of 3 major categories are selected to build the evaluation index system. • The GA-BPNN is superior to the models of GM (1,1), BPNN and LSSVM on the whole. • Predicted financial safety status of China's power industry in 2011 is basic safe. • Reasons and suggestions are proposed based on the forecast results.

Education Levels and Mortgage Application Outcomes: Evidence of Financial Literacy. Discussion Paper No. 1369-09

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, J. Michael

2009-01-01

This paper uses 2005 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data aggregated by census tract to measure the relationship between census tract-level college completion rates and the rates at which first lien refinance mortgage applicants submit incomplete loan applications, withdraw loan applications before they are reviewed, and reject lender approved loan…

Contagion in International Stock Markets during the Sub Prime Mortgage Crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hsien-Yi Lee

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The sub prime mortgages crises took place in July, 2007 in US which causes the large scare in the global financial markets, and the international stock and foreign market suffer heavy shock. Using twenty international stock indexes, this study examines whether any contagion effect occurred across international markets after the sub-prime financial mortgage crisis in US. Using the heteroscedasticity biases based on correlation coefficients to examine the existence of the contagion effect, this study shows that stock markets of some countries (namely Hong Kong, Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand did suffer from the contagion effect.

FEATURES OF PRICING OF THE MORTGAGE MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA (Part 1

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tatiana KASYANENKO

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of the market of mortgage loans as the main instrument of social policy. The aim of the article is to identify the relationship between the volume of mortgage loans and the value of residential real estate on both the primary and secondary markets. The article consists of two parts. The main objective of the first part of this article is to clarify the concepts and features of mortgage loans, and identification of peculiarities of mortgage loans in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Moldova. The methodological basis of the work is made up of methods of analysis and synthesis, the combination of logical and historical approaches, methods of economic comparison and statistical analysis. The result of the study of the first part of the article is to identify the stages of development of mortgage loans in the Russian Federation, an analysis of prices in the primary and secondary markets of residential property on the basis of aggregate statistical indicators that reflect the status and characteristics of the housing market. The Russian experience is correlated with the peculiarities of the development of the mortgage market in the Republic of Moldova.

24 CFR 203.390 - Waiver of title-mortgages or property formerly held by the Secretary.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and... conveyed to him, he will not object to title by reason of any lien or other adverse interest that was... mortgage is later conveyed to the Secretary, the Secretary will not object to title by reason of any lien...

Report of the international forum on nuclear energy, nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security. Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security for the back end of nuclear fuel cycle and regional cooperation in Asia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tazaki, Makiko; Yamamura, Tsukasa; Suzuki, Mitsutoshi; Kuno, Yusuke; Mochiji, Toshiro

2013-03-01

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) held 'International Forum on Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security - Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security for the back end of nuclear fuel cycle and regional cooperation in Asia-' on 12 and 13 December 2012, co-hosted by the Japan Institute of International Affairs (JIIA) and School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. In the forum, keynote speakers from Japan, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the U.S., France and Republic of Korea (ROK), respectively explained their efforts regarding peaceful use of nuclear energy and nuclear non-proliferation. In two panel discussions, entitled 'Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security of nuclear fuel cycle back end' and 'Measures to ensure nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security for nuclear energy use in the Asian region and a multilateral cooperative framework', active discussions were made among panelists from Japan, IAEA, the U.S., France, ROK, Russia and Kazakhstan. This report includes abstracts of keynote speeches, summaries of two panel discussions and materials of the presentations in the forum. The editors take full responsibility for the wording and content of this report except presentation materials. (author)

12 CFR 226.33 - Requirements for reverse mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... dwelling; and (2) Any principal, interest, or shared appreciation or equity is due and payable (other than... terms, charges, the age of the youngest borrower and the appraised property value. (4) Explanation of... part of the reverse mortgage transaction. (3) Additional creditor compensation. Any shared appreciation...

Understanding Bonds - Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rimmer, Nina Røhr

2016-01-01

Undervisningsmateriale. A bond is a debt security, similar to an ”I Owe You document” (IOU). When you purchase a bond, you are lending money to a government, municipality, corporation, federal agency or other entity known as the issuer. In return for the loan, the issuer promises to pay you...... a specified rate of interest during the life of the bond and to repay the face value of the bond (the principal) when it “matures,” or comes due. Among the types of bonds you can choose from are: Government securities, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, mortgage and asset-backed securities, federal agency...... securities and foreign government bonds....

Forensics Investigation of Web Application Security Attacks

OpenAIRE

Amor Lazzez; Thabet Slimani

2015-01-01

Nowadays, web applications are popular targets for security attackers. Using specific security mechanisms, we can prevent or detect a security attack on a web application, but we cannot find out the criminal who has carried out the security attack. Being unable to trace back an attack, encourages hackers to launch new attacks on the same system. Web application forensics aims to trace back and attribute a web application security attack to its originator. This may significantly reduce the sec...

75 FR 51623 - Registration of Mortgage Loan Originators

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-23

... online registration system, the Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry (Registry). \\1\\ The S.A... benefit only small institutions. \\24\\ 12 U.S.C. 2801 et seq. \\25\\ See 12 CFR 203.2 (Regulation C). Other... limit--rendering gaming opportunities essentially unrealistic. Many commenters noted the complexity of...

Housing Finance in Ghana: Can Community Mortgage Cooperatives ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

There is insufficient housing in Ghana. Available houses are mostly poorly developed and lack the basic amenities required to make them habitable. The growth of households is in excess of housing growth resulting in housing deficit in the country. The formal finance institutions have supplied very little mortgages to ...

The Informal Sector and Mortgage Financing in Ghana

African Journals Online (AJOL)

with some increment prior to first payment completion and flexible collateral ... it presupposes that any policy intervention may be a failure once the informal ... While inflation had remained slightly stable keeping interest rates also slightly firm, the ..... discussed earlier, the mortgage system as pertains in Ghana is very formal ...

Minimizing predatory lending: Designing a long-term compensation structure to minimize the actions of opportunistic mortgage brokers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Payne

2013-07-01

Full Text Available This paper addresses the inadequacies in the current compensation structure for mortgage brokers, and asserts that the resulting opportunistic behavior by brokers played a major role in the 2008 collapse of the mortgage market. We utilize agency theory as an underpinning to suggest that increased regulation will have only a limited impact on self-serving behavior due to the complex information asymmetries possessed by brokers. We posit that a restructured long-term compensation package would be effective in aligning the interests of borrowers and brokers, ultimately reducing the level of mortgage defaults and foreclosures.

The financialization of home and the mortgage market crisis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aalbers, M.B.

2008-01-01

Financialization can be characterized as capital switching from the primary, secondary or tertiary circuit to the quaternary circuit of capital. Housing is a central aspect of financialization. The financialization of mortgage markets demands that not just homes but also homeowners become viewed as

Survey data on factors affecting negotiation of professional fees between Estate Valuers and their clients when the mortgage is financed by bank loan: A case study of mortgage valuations in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Science.gov (United States)

Iroham, Chukwuemeka O; Okagbue, Hilary I; Ogunkoya, Olalekan A; Owolabi, James D

2017-06-01

In this article, two sets of questionnaires were administered to professionals and clients (commercial banks) on their willingness to negotiate the professional fees charged by the Estate Valuers assuming that the mortgage in valuation was financed by bank loan. A range of fees options were provided. Other factors such as the business environment and mortgage valuation can influence the negotiated fees when the data obtained from the survey data is analyzed.

SPILLOVER EFFECTS OF THE SUB-PRIME MORTGAGE CRISIS TO THE ASIAN STOCK MARKETS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esta Lestari

2014-10-01

Full Text Available AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the effects of the sub-prime mortgage crisis on several Asian stock markets. An Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH model is employed to provide an empirical evidence of the direct spillover. The indirect effect is measured through the spillover effects from the increased volatility in the U.S. stock markets to the Asian stock markets. The results showed that the market integration occurs within Asian stock markets. Meanwhile the asymmetric effects are evident for all the Asian countries stock markets, indicating that financial markets in Asia are suffered more from negative news (shocks lead to more volatilities compared to positive news. Keywords: Stock market, sub-prime mortgage crisis, volatility, spillover effectJEL classification numbers: C22, F36, G15AbstrakPaper ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh krisis sub-prime mortgage pada beberapa pasar saham Asia. Model Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH digunakan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris dari kenaikan volatilitas dalam pasar saham Amerika pada pasar-pasar saham Asia. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa integrasi pasar terjadi di dalam pasar saham Asia. Sementara itu, pengaruh asimetris terbukti terjadi di pasar-pasar saham Asia, mengindikasikan bahwa pasar-pasar keuangan di Asia menderita lebih parah sebagai akibat dari kejutan negatif dibandingkan dengan dampak dari kejutan positif.Kata kunci: Pasar saham, krisis sub-prime mortgage, volatilitas, pengaruh spillover JEL classification numbers: C22, F36, G15

Institutional racism and pregnancy health: using Home Mortgage Disclosure act data to develop an index for Mortgage discrimination at the community level.

Science.gov (United States)

Mendez, Dara D; Hogan, Vijaya K; Culhane, Jennifer

2011-01-01

We used Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data to demonstrate a method for constructing a residential redlining index to measure institutional racism at the community level. We examined the application of the index to understand the social context of health inequities by applying the residential redlining index among a cohort of pregnant women in Philadelphia. We used HMDA data from 1999-2004 to create residential redlining indices for each census tract in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania. We linked the redlining indices to data from a pregnancy cohort study and the 2000 Census. We spatially mapped the levels of redlining for each census tract for this pregnancy cohort and tested the association between residential redlining and other community-level measures of segregation and individual health. From 1999-2004, loan applicants in Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania, of black race/ethnicity were almost two times as likely to be denied a mortgage loan compared with applicants who were white (e.g., 1999 odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63, 2.28; and 2004 OR=2.26, 95% CI 1.98, 2.58). The majority (77.5%) of the pregnancy cohort resided in redlined neighborhoods, and there were significant differences in residence in redlined areas by race/ethnicity (pracism may contribute to our understanding of health disparities. Residential redlining and mortgage discrimination against communities may be a major factor influencing neighborhood structure, composition, development, and wealth attainment. This residential redlining index as a measure for institutional racism can be applied in health research to understand the unique social and neighborhood contexts that contribute to health inequities.

Survey data on factors affecting negotiation of professional fees between Estate Valuers and their clients when the mortgage is financed by bank loan: A case study of mortgage valuations in Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chukwuemeka O. Iroham

2017-06-01

Full Text Available In this article, two sets of questionnaires were administered to professionals and clients (commercial banks on their willingness to negotiate the professional fees charged by the Estate Valuers assuming that the mortgage in valuation was financed by bank loan. A range of fees options were provided. Other factors such as the business environment and mortgage valuation can influence the negotiated fees when the data obtained from the survey data is analyzed.

“There's a Difference—I Own This”: Negotiating Social and Financial Services under Threat of Mortgage Foreclosure.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro Baker, Amy; Keene, Danya E

2016-10-01

Although national housing markets have recovered from the Great Recession, communities hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis remain immersed in mortgage trouble. Nineteen percent of homeowners are underwater on their mortgages and communities of color are overrepresented among zip codes still experiencing default in rising numbers. The social services needs of homeowners at risk of foreclosure show few signs of abating. High levels of market risk, asymmetrical power relationships, and the assumption that rational action can protect homeowners mark the climate in which households and social workers operate while attempting to halt foreclosure. The research described in this article draws on in-depth interviews conducted with homeowners at risk of default to examine the strategies they used to alleviate their mortgage strain. These strategies included seeking aid from financial and social services institutions while living under threat of default. As homeowners experienced mortgage strain they engaged in recommended rational market actions such as negotiating with lenders, increasing work hours, practicing strict household budgeting, and seeking aid from social work agencies to offset mortgage costs. The gathered data suggest that some social workers responded with poorly contextualized treatment plans and language characterized by disrespect, shame, and blame; others responded with mental health assistance, referrals to legal aid, and a helping relationship characterized by a sense of mattering that seemed to buffer against the psychosocial stressors associated with foreclosure.

Mortgage Loan Portfolio Optimization Using Multi-Stage Stochastic Programming

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Kourosh Marjani; Clausen, Jens

2007-01-01

We consider the dynamics of the Danish mortgage loan system and propose several models to reflect the choices of a mortgagor as well as his attitude towards risk. The models are formulated as multi stage stochastic integer programs, which are difficult to solve for more than 10 stages. Scenario...

78 FR 78519 - Appraisals for Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans

Science.gov (United States)

2013-12-26

... where the holder of the credit risk of the existing obligation remains the same on the refinancing. The....'' Specifically, new TILA section 129H prohibits a creditor from extending credit in the form of a ``higher-risk... rule.\\8\\ The term ``higher-risk mortgage'' generally encompasses a closed-end consumer credit...

26 CFR 1.25-3T - Qualified mortgage credit certificate (Temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... providing the mortgage or to the issuer of the certificate containing a material misstatement and such misstatement is due to fraud. In determining whether any misstatement is due to fraud, the rules generally...

75 FR 9247 - Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-13] Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice... is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Lenders use the Single Family Premium...

Computer Security: the security marathon, part 2

CERN Multimedia

Computer Security Team

2014-01-01

Do you recall our latest article on the “Security Marathon” (see here) and why it’s wrong to believe that computer security is a sprint, that a quick hack is invulnerable, that quick bug-fixing is sufficient, that plugging security measures on top of existing structures is a good idea, that once you are secure, your life is cosy?   In fact, security is a marathon for us too. Again and again, we have felt comfortable with the security situation at CERN, with dedicated protections deployed on individual hosts, with the security measures deployed by individual service managers, with the attentiveness and vigilance of our users, and with the responsiveness of the Management. Again and again, however, we subsequently detect or receive reports that this is wrong, that protections are incomplete, that security measures are incomplete, that security awareness has dropped. Thus, unfortunately, we often have to go back to square one and address similar issues over and over...

26 CFR 20.2053-7 - Deduction for unpaid mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... valuation method under section 2032 is selected. In any case where real property situated outside the United... amount of a mortgage upon, or of any other indebtedness in respect of, any property of the gross estate, including interest which had accrued thereon to the date of death, provided the value of the property...

Mortgage finance in Central and Eastern Europe : Opportunity or burden?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Beck, T.H.L.; Kibuuja, K.; Tiongson, E.; Cull, R.; Demirguc-Kunt, A.; Murdoch, J.

2012-01-01

Household credit, especially for mortgages, has doubled over the past years in the new European Union member countries, raising concerns about the economic and social consequences of household indebtedness in the event of a macroeconomic crisis. Using household survey data for 2005, 2006, and 2007

77 FR 57576 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection to OMB and Comment Request: Legal Instructions...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-18

... connection with the assignment, legal documents (e.g., mortgage, mortgage note, security agreement, title... Information Collection to OMB and Comment Request: Legal Instructions Concerning Applications for Full... mortgages to HUD. In connection with the assignment, legal documents (e.g., mortgage, mortgage note...

Security bingo for the paranoid

CERN Multimedia

Computer Security Team

2011-01-01

We have received complaints that the previous SECURITY BINGO was too easy… So, are you extremely cautious of computer security? Show us and win one of three marvellous books on computer security! Just print out this page, mark which of the 25 good practices below you already follow, and send the sheet back to us at Computer.Security@cern.ch or P.O. Box G19710, by October 31st 2011.   Winners[1] must show us that they follow at least five good practices in continuous horizontal row, vertical column or diagonal. For details on CERN Computer Security, please consult http://cern.ch/security. I personally…   …encrypt all files on my computer. …have enabled Firefox’ NoScript plug-in. …will always call you back to verify your identity. …still employ a mobile phone without mail and Internet capabilities. …use multifactor authentication for logging into CERN. &h...

24 CFR 221.795 - Displacement-below market interest rate mortgages.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Rights and Obligations-Moderate Income Projects § 221.795 Displacement—below market interest rate... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Displacement-below market interest rate mortgages. 221.795 Section 221.795 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing...

INFLUENCE OF MORTGAGE RATES PRICE FORMATION ON THE PRIMARY HOUSING MARKET

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nikolay I. Kornilov

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The article considers relationship of pricesin the primary market, depending on theregional origin and type of home, with thevalue of mortgage rates. Assesses thestrength of such a relationship and thepossible effects of changes in such rates.

The Impact of Financial Sophistication on Adjustable Rate Mortgage Ownership

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Hyrum; Finke, Michael S.; Huston, Sandra J.

2011-01-01

The influence of a financial sophistication scale on adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) borrowing is explored. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis using recent data from the Survey of Consumer Finances reveal that ARM borrowing is driven by both the least and most financially sophisticated households but for different reasons. Less…

75 FR 35030 - Home Mortgage Disclosure Act; Notice of Hearings

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-21

..., ethnicity, sex, and annual income of the loan applicant; action taken on the loan application (approved... Required lenders to ask applicants their ethnicity, race, and sex in applications taken by telephone. In... requirements to the definition of ``higher-priced mortgage loan'' adopted by the Board under Regulation Z...

Valuation of Residential Premises for the Purposes of Securing the Receivables of the Creditor in Poland

Science.gov (United States)

Hełdak, Maria; Stacherzak, Agnieszka

2017-10-01

The study presents an analysis of the theoretical and practical issues connected with securing the receivables of creditors, in particular the principles connected with the appraisal of real property value used for the purposes of granting loans in Poland. The scope of research included the basic elements of the functioning and organisation of the Polish banking system, legal forms of securing debt receivables and the principles of real property valuation for universal and mortgage banks. Additionally, the authors have conducted an analysis of the number and amount of loans granted in Poland in the years 2009 - 2016

Carrington Real Estate Services, LLC and Carrington Mortgage Services, LLC Information Sheet

Science.gov (United States)

Carrington Real Estate Services, LLC and Carrington Mortgage Services, LLC (the Company) is located in Anaheim, California. The settlement involves the sale of properties constructed prior to 1978, located in Bakersfield and Ridgecrest, California.

Getting sick and falling behind: health and the risk of mortgage default and home foreclosure.

Science.gov (United States)

Houle, Jason N; Keene, Danya E

2015-04-01

An emerging literature shows that mortgage strain can lead to poor health outcomes, but less work has focused on whether and how health shocks influence mortgage distress. We examine the link between changes in health status and default/foreclosure risk among older middle-aged adults. We used National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 data and multivariate logistic regression models to examine the relationship between changes in health limitations and chronic conditions across survey waves and risk of mortgage default and foreclosure. We found that changes in health limitations and chronic conditions increased the risk of default and foreclosure between 2007 and 2010. These associations were partially mediated by changes in family income and loss of health insurance. From a policy perspective, the strong link between the onset of illness and foreclosure suggests a need to re-examine the safety-nets that are available to individuals who become ill or disabled. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Web security a whitehat perspective

CERN Document Server

Wu, Hanqing

2015-01-01

MY VIEW OF THE SECURITY WORLDView of the IT Security WorldBrief History of Web SecurityBrief History of Chinese HackersDevelopment Process of Hacking TechniquesRise of Web SecurityBlack Hat, White HatBack to Nature: The Essence of Secret SecuritySuperstition: There Is No Silver BulletSecurity Is an Ongoing ProcessSecurity ElementsHow to Implement Safety AssessmentAsset ClassificationThreat AnalysisRisk AnalysisDesign of Security ProgramsArt of War of White HatPrinciples of Secure by DefaultBlacklist, WhitelistPrinciple of Least PrivilegePrinciple of Defense in DepthPrinciples of Data and Code

75 FR 41875 - Technical Processing Requirements for Multifamily Project Mortgage Insurance

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-19

... is used to determine if key principals are acceptable and have the ability to manage the development... principals are acceptable and have the ability to manage the development, construction, completion, and... Requirements for Multifamily Project Mortgage Insurance AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD...

The role of mortgages and consumer credit in the business cycle

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sterk, V.

2011-01-01

Many households rely on mortgages and consumer credit to finance their expenditures. Lenders usually impose certain conditions on loans, such as limits on the amounts that can be borrowed. Conventional intuition suggests that such conditions are important for our understanding of the business cycle,

Ameliorating Local Impacts with Architectural Research: Subprime Mortgages & Housing Quality

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lynne M. Dearborn

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Shock waves from the current housing crisis that still echo through Wall Street’s largest financial firms, not only have threatened to topple financial markets and drive the country into a depression, but have also undermined the all-time high home ownership rate in the United States. The most attention-grabbing dimensions and headlines of the current crisis seem to be the staggering losses incurred by the likes of Bear Sterns and Citigroup, and the demise of some of the large corporations such as Washington Mutual. However, the real crisis is not on Wall Street or in the banking sector, but in low- and moderate-income and minority homes and neighborhoods throughout the country. At least ten years before the present subprime foreclosure crisis became mainstream news, these marginalized communities were feeling the negative effects of mortgage fraud and predatory lending practices occurring with regularity in the subprime market. This paper discusses an ongoing study of Subprime Lending, Mortgage Fraud and Housing Quality in process since 2002. This four-part study has employed foreclosure data with statistical and mapping analysis, detailed interviews with victims of predatory lending, systematic documentation of the resulting housing environments, and documentation of property improvements in light of victims’ legal settlements. While subprime lending has supported the expansion of homeownership in the United States, this on-going study suggests that this expansion has sometimes been at the expense of safe, code-compliant living environments forlow-income, minority and elderly homeowners. Some of the victims of predatory lending and mortgage fraud have sought legal redress through the courts but many have suffered personal financial, health, emotional, and family crises as well. The current broad-scale discussion of the topic has given attention to the lack of regulation facilitating these unethical practices, but it is unclear that current

Asset Depletion, Chronic Financial Stress, and Mortgage Trouble Among Older Female Homeowners.

Science.gov (United States)

Castro Baker, Amy; West, Stacia; Wood, Anna

2017-09-08

The Great Recession disproportionately impacted older adults and women of color, suggesting that women may be entering retirement without adequate assets. However, the current literature lacks a detailed account of women's experiences of mortgage trouble and foreclosure, as well as a longitudinal view of how these experiences impacted their overall financial assets. Grounded in cumulative inequality theory, this mixed methods study employed a QUAL→quan approach to gather qualitative data from a sample of 21 older adult women regarding their experiences of mortgage trouble. Quantitative longitudinal data was gathered for a subsample of the Early Baby Boomer Cohort using the Health and Retirement Study. Qualitative findings indicated women approaching retirement experienced chronic underemployment, wage stagnation, and financial volatility as contributors to asset depletion and eventual mortgage default or foreclosure. Quantitative results indicated asset depletion both during and post-Recession was considerably more pronounced among older adult women of color compared to older adult White men. These findings suggest that a lifetime of financial disadvantage coupled with macroeconomic instability situates older adult women, particularly women of color, in a financially vulnerable position for retirement. The ways in which 2017 attacks on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Dodd-Frank, and the Fiduciary rule carry potential to further destabilize this population are also discussed. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

76 FR 38463 - SAFE Mortgage Licensing Act: Minimum Licensing Standards and Oversight Responsibilities

Science.gov (United States)

2011-06-30

... housing laws that address the dramatic rise in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures in the residential... regarding the status and employment history of all state-licensed and federally loan originators, as well as...

CASH vs. SYNTHETIC ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SILVIU EDUARD DINCA

2015-12-01

Full Text Available During the past few years, in the recent post-crisis aftermath, financial and banking institutions around the world are exploring new alternatives to better secure their financing and refinancing demands altogether with the enhancement of their risk management capabilities. We will exhibit herewith a theoretical and applied comparison between the true-sale and synthetic ABS securitizations as financial markets-based funding and risks mitigation techniques, highlighting certain key structuring and implementation specifics, discovered during the research, on each of them.

Credit Booms and Lending Standards : Evidence from the Subprime Mortgage Market

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dell’Ariccia, G.; Igan, D.; Laeven, L.

2009-01-01

This paper links the current subprime mortgage crisis to a decline in lending standards associated with the rapid expansion and changes in the structure of this market. We show that lending standards declined more in areas that experienced faster credit growth. We also find that the entry of new

Contagion of us subprime mortgage crisis to Colombian economy: measured by financial market data

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chu V. Nguyen

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The long-horizon event study methodology is used to document the severe impact of the US subprime mortgage crisis on the Colombian economy. The estimated parameter of a constantmean return model is used to derive the “abnormal return” on the market portfolios of Colombia over its selected event window. Analyses of the results reveal that the US subprime mortgage crisis negatively affected both the Colombian and the US equity markets almost identically in terms of cumulative percentage reductions and timing. Statistic testing results seem to support the qualitative observation. This phenomenon can be attributable to the recent multilateral and regional trade agreements that increase the flow of trade and foreign direct investment to Colombia.

A large-dimensional factor analysis of the Federal Reserve's large-scale asset purchases

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bork, Lasse

This paper assesses the economy-wide effects of US unconventional monetary policy shocks. A precise identification of the unconventional monetary policy shocks is achieved by imposing zero and sign restrictions on a number of impulse responses from a large-dimensional dynamic factor model....... In particular, an unconventional expansionary monetary policy shock is identified as a shock that increases the Federal Reserve's market share of US treasuries and mortgage-backed securities, and leads to an improvement in the real economy and improved credit conditions. I find that an unconventional monetary...... securities by the Federal Reserve Bank avoided a severe downturn according to estimates from a counterfactual analysis....

Dåser uden pant: Cans without a mortgage

OpenAIRE

Rostrup, Emil; Mouritzen, Jeppe; Wagner, Sara; Skovlund, Kristian; Rein, Jakob; Engholm, Simon

2013-01-01

This research aims to investigate the possibility of changing people’s recycle behaviour, with a focus on cans without a mortgage, through a design. In order to investigate this possibility, a needs assessment was carried out, where the specific demands of waste plants, consumers, retail trade and environment were taken into consideration. The demands of the waste plants as well as the demand of the retail trade were found by collecting empiricism from various websites. The needs of the consu...

Security Bingo

CERN Multimedia

Computer Security Team

2011-01-01

Want to check your security awareness and win one of three marvellous books on computer security? Just print out this page, mark which of the 25 good practices below you already follow, and send the sheet back to us by 31 October 2011 at either Computer.Security@cern.ch or P.O. Box G19710.   Winners[1] must show that they fulfil at least five good practices in a continuous vertical, horizontal or diagonal row. For details on CERN Computer Security, please consult http://cern.ch/security. I personally…   …am concerned about computer security. …run my computer with an anti-virus software and up-to-date signature files. …lock my computer screen whenever I leave my office. …have chosen a reasonably complex password. …have restricted access to all my files and data. …am aware of the security risks and threats to CERN’s computing facilities. &hell...

A dynamic mathematical test of international property securities bubbles and crashes

Science.gov (United States)

Hui, Eddie C. M.; Zheng, Xian; Wang, Hui

2010-04-01

This study investigates property securities bubbles and crashes by using a dynamic mathematical methodology developed from the previous research (Watanabe et al. 2007a, b [31,32]). The improved model is used to detect the bubble and crash periods in five international countries/cities (namely, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore) from Jan, 2000 to Oct, 2008. By this model definition, we are able to detect the beginning of each bubble period even before it bursts. Meanwhile, the empirical results show that most of property securities markets experienced bubble periods between 2003 and 2007, and crashes happened in Apr 2008 triggered by the Subprime Mortgage Crisis of US. In contrast, Japan suffered the shortest bubble period and no evidence has documented the existence of crash there.

Fiscally Unsustainable Social Welfare, Untenable Housing Solutions and the Mortgage Default Ratio in South Africa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vuyisani Vuyisani Moss

2013-10-01

Full Text Available This article reflects on social welfare system and governance of housingmarkets from an end-user perspective. The article critically analyses the wayin which social welfare has correlated to unsustainable development and createdself entitlement behaviours and attitudes in the South African low incomehousing market.  The phenomenon wasdemonstrable by empirical research whose findings confirmed an existence of anassociation between a fully subsidized social housing model (as underpinned bySouth Africa’s social welfare and propensity to default on mortgages.  The study found that the risk of default byhomeowners in the low income housing market in South Africa is influenced bygovernment’s housing grant model. In other words, the research established thatthe principle of servicing a mortgaged starter property (that is almost similarto a government free house by both structure and design is not universallyaccepted by homeowners of these mortgaged houses.  The unintended consequences are that thesystem has created indefinite expectations that potentially could; (i erodethe country’s balance sheet; (ii add to non-payment behaviour; (iii pressurizethe economic and credit systems; (iv propagate entitlement attitudes andmindsets; (v create social instability and (v widened the country’s balanceof payment deficits.

The Psychology and Economics of Reverse Mortgage Attitudes : Evidence from the Netherlands

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dillingh, W.F.; Prast, Henriette; Rossi, M.; Urzi Brancati, C.

2015-01-01

We find that among Dutch homeowners there is substantial potential interest in reverse mortgages, especially for the purpose of being able to live more comfortably and not worry about money until death, or to make a significant expenditure— on e.g. home improvements or traveling. Our regression

Multi-Period Structural Model of a Mortgage Portfolio with Cointegrated Factors

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Gapko, Petr; Šmíd, Martin

2016-01-01

Roč. 66, č. 6 (2016), s. 565-574 ISSN 0015-1920 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA15-10331S Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : credit risk * mortgage * loan portfolio * dynamic model * estimation Subject RIV: AH - Economics Impact factor: 0.604, year: 2016 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2016/E/smid-0467176.pdf

24 CFR 232.545 - Covenant against liens.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.545 Covenant against liens. (a) The security...

Mortgage market maturity and homeownership inequality among young households: a five-country perspective

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bičáková, Alena; Sierminska, E.

-, č. 90 (2008), s. 1-58 ISSN 1864-6689 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70850503 Keywords : home ownership * credit constraints * mortgage market Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://www.diw-berlin.de/documents/publikationen/73/79474/diw_sp0090.pdf

Mortgage market maturity and homeownership inequality among young households: a five-country perspective

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bičáková, Alena; Sierminska, E.

-, č. 778 (2008), s. 1-51 ISSN 1619-4535 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z70850503 Keywords : home ownership * credit constraints * mortgage market Subject RIV: AH - Economics http://www.diw-berlin.de/documents/publikationen/73/81771/dp778.pdf

Purchasing complex services on the Internet; An analysis of mortgage loan acquisitions

NARCIS (Netherlands)

B.L.K. Vroomen (Björn); A.C.D. Donkers (Bas); P.C. Verhoef (Peter); Ph.H.B.F. Franses (Philip Hans)

2003-01-01

textabstractIn contrast to, for example, books and compact discs, the number of complex services offered on the Internet is still small. A good example of such a service concerns mortgage loans. The decision-making process differs for complex services in that they have an extra intermediate step of

77 FR 57317 - 2012 Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z) Mortgage Servicing

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-17

... servicers under a variety of business models. In some cases, creditors service mortgage loans that they... disbursement, and cross-marketing other products and services to borrowers. Under this business model...), available at: http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1/1074/86WLR755.pdf . These...

PROSPECTS OF MORTGAGE ARE IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF REFORMATION OF THE TAXATION OF PROPERTY: ESTIMATION OF RISKS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. Hudzynska

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This article explores the possible risks of taxation introduction of real estate owned by the people, for the system of bank mortgage lending in Ukraine. The current state of the mortgage market in Ukraine is reviewed. The influence of the Institute property taxation in general increase of the fiscal burden on citizens is investigated. A possible state in the contingents of households in terms of pay, including in the investment sphere is reviewed. Approaches of model property taxation, which is owned by citizens, are suggested. Proposed not to tax property (household used by a person as a primary residence. This approach is seen as prevention for loss of real estate that is used as the basis of residence by citizens, in case of loss of solvency over objective, independent reasons, and as a tool to ensure the proper fulfillment of obligations by mortgage according to real contracts.

The impact of concentration and regulation on competition in the Dutch mortgage market

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Mulder, Machiel

2014-01-01

This article investigates the effects of industry structure and regulatory pricing constraints on competition in the Dutch mortgage market during the global financial crisis that began in 2008. This highly concentrated market became even more concentrated following the financial crisis, when some

26 CFR 301.7701(i)-1 - Definition of a taxable mortgage pool.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... pool of real estate mortgages from escaping Federal income taxation when the pool is used to issue... other third party agrees to make advances (regardless of whether, under the terms of the agreement, the payor is obligated, or merely permitted, to make those advances). An agreement by a debt servicer to...

TIAA's Commercial Mortgage and Real Estate Investments: The Case for Financial Disclosure.

Science.gov (United States)

Garrigan, Richard T.; Jones, Thomas W.

1992-01-01

The Teachers Insurance and Annuities Association (TIAA) is criticized for inadequate financial disclosure of its mortgage and real estate investments, especially in the current market. A TIAA vice president responds that the company has not been remiss in reporting changes to its constituents and outlines its present financial status. (MSE)

Food security

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ridder, M. de

2011-01-01

Food security is back on the agenda as a top priority for policy makers. In January 2011, record high food prices resulted in protests in Tunisia, which subsequently led to the spread of the revolutions in other North African and Middle Eastern countries. Although experts have asserted that no

24 CFR 203.437 - Mortgages involving a dwelling unit in a cooperative housing development.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Corporate Certificate Transfer Book that such book currently shows that the Secretary is the owner of the... mortgage has announced an intention to foreclose. [42 FR 40432, Aug. 10, 1977; 42 FR 57435, Nov. 2, 1977...

78 FR 26711 - Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Liquidity...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-05-08

... Funding and Fiscal Affairs; Farmer Mac Liquidity Management ACTION: Proposed rule; reopening of comment... proposed rule that would amend its liquidity management regulations for the Federal Agricultural Mortgage... comment on the proposed liquidity regulations. [[Page 26712

78 FR 36562 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Home Equity Conversion Mortgage (HECM...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-18

... with hearing or speech impairments may access this number through TTY by calling the toll-free Federal... analysis, underwriting analysis, and collection of mortgage insurance premiums for loans that meet...

Consultative selling in financial services : An observational study of the mortgage mediation process

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Verhallen, Theo M.m.; Greve, Harriette; Frambach, Ruud Th

1997-01-01

Notes that the literature on personal selling and advising on services stresses the importance of analysing the actual client-adviser interaction process. Explores this process of interaction in a mortgage setting by observing 42 conversations between advisers and 26 clients. The exact content and

78 FR 24420 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-04-25

... Financial Institutions Examination Council,\\4\\ property valuation models, and data files maintained by... secured by a first mortgage on single-family residential property. The survey questionnaire will be sent... subprime mortgages, and on the borrowers and properties associated with those mortgages. Specifically, FHFA...

12 CFR Appendix B to Part 1720 - Policy Guidance; Non-Mortgage Liquidity Investments

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... investment activities. The Board of Directors and management must evaluate the effectiveness of non-mortgage... Board in terms of why they occurred (e.g., changes in portfolio composition, changes in funding costs... reviewed annually, for: i. Credit threshold guidelines: Credit quality is a compelling factor for liquidity...

78 FR 39290 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-01

... Institutions Examination Council,\\4\\ property valuation models, and data files maintained by Fannie Mae and... secured by a first mortgage on single-family residential property. The survey questionnaire will be sent... subprime mortgages, and on the borrowers and properties associated with those mortgages. Specifically, FHFA...

24 CFR 203.29 - Eligible mortgages in Alaska, Guam, Hawaii, or the Virgin Islands.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... construct dwellings without sacrificing sound standards of construction, design or livability, the party may submit documentation in support of an alternative mortgage limit. This documentation should include actual or estimated costs of such items as design, construction, materials, and labor. In addition...

78 FR 45945 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition-Project Mortgages

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-30

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5687-N-34] 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition--Project Mortgages AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... Section A. A. Overview of Information Collection Title of Information Collection: Contractor's Requisition...

Mortgage lending and house prices in Albania - a co-integrated analysis based on VECM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erjona REBI

2014-06-01

Full Text Available The general view that the banks’ lending plays a crucial role in the real estate market was again confirmed during the recent financial crisis. During the precrisis period, house prices in Albania increased rapidly, supported also by a fast expansion of mortgage lending. This study aims to empirically analyse the relation between housing prices and banks’ financing in the long run, referring to a VECM model. The estimated results confirm the important role of mortgage to house prices. Meanwhile, the relation between house prices and interest rates resulted statistically insignificant. Unlike the previous literature, exchange rate has been included as an endogenous variable. Results show positive correlation and statistical significance between house prices and exchange rate. Finally, this paper is expected to contribute to the literature as there are very few studies that elaborate on the macroeconomic factors’ influence on the housing prices in Albania.

State Mortgage Foreclosure Policies and Lender Interventions: Impacts on Borrower Behavior in Default

Science.gov (United States)

Collins, J. Michael; Lam, Ken; Herbert, Christopher E.

2011-01-01

Due to the rise in foreclosure filings, policymakers are increasingly concerned with helping families in financial distress keep their homes. This paper tests the extent to which distressed mortgage borrowers benefit from three types of state foreclosure polices: (1) judicial foreclosure proceedings, (2) statutory rights of redemption, and (3)…

75 FR 50801 - Reverse Mortgage Products: Guidance for Managing Compliance and Reputation Risks

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-17

... recommended in this guidance when advertising reverse mortgages through certain forms of media, such as radio... organization commenter urged that loan originators should ensure that brokers do not advertise reverse... borrower was 73 years old, had a home valued at $261,500, and had financial assets of less than $33,000...

76 FR 78483 - S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act (Regulations G & H)

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-19

... BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION 12 CFR Part 1007 and 1008 [Docket No. CFPB-2011-0023] RIN 3170-AA06 S.A.F.E. Mortgage Licensing Act (Regulations G & H) AGENCY: Bureau of Consumer Financial... number of consumer financial protection laws from seven Federal agencies to the Bureau of Consumer...

77 FR 57199 - 2012 Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X) Mortgage Servicing Proposal

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-17

... servicers under a variety of business models. In some cases, creditors service mortgage loans that they... business model, servicers act primarily as payment collectors and processors, and provide minimal customer... (2011) (Thompson), available at http://digital.law.washington.edu/dspace-law/bitstream/handle/1773.1...

78 FR 41339 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Multifamily Mortgage Insurance; Capturing Excess Claim Proceeds

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-10

... mortgage insurance eligibility requirements and contract rights and obligations can be found at 24 CFR part... contract rights and obligations of mortgagees participating in FHA multifamily insurance programs and using...: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: This proposed rule would amend HUD's regulations covering the contract rights and...

Back end of the fuel cycle: an update

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolfe, B.; Judson, B.F.

1987-01-01

Present US nonproliferation policy may be counterproductive. Among other measures, the authors propose that the US government can help reduce the possibility of near-term international trade in plutonium by offering to take back permanently spent fuel of US origin on the same basis on which it will accept fuel from domestic utilities. Such an offer would be so economically attractive that it would force other competing nations, such as France, to offer to take back spent fuel on the same basis. This measure would greatly reduce, if not eliminate, future international agreements for reprocessing that involve international trade in plutonium. The authors feel that nuclear power will be of great benefit to the world's populace and, properly deployed, will decrease world tensions and increase world security. Reprocessing endeavors and international plutonium trade are uneconomic today; they involve unnecessary risks and should not be pursued. On the other hand, energy security is so vital to world peace that it is important to continue development of reprocessing and breeder technology, with the aim of developing systems that meet economic, energy security, and nonproliferation goals for the future

Housing policy and the granting of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jhon Antuny Pabón-León

2017-02-01

Full Text Available This reflection article focuses on housing policy and the granting of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta from promulgation of housing policy. It is a descriptive study of quantitative approach, non-experimental, transectional supported in document review addressing three thematic areas: housing policies of the Government, the housing market and housing finance. The House today on day one of the problems that most affect society due among other factors to the growth of cities and next to it is tenure and housing needs. The crisis of housing in Colombia has been one of the most crippling economic problems in recent years and as a result new instruments are designed to provide effective access to housing and care for the potential beneficiaries. Thus arises the concern about what was the impact on the allocation of mortgage loans in the city of Cúcuta from promulgation of housing policy? It is concluded that although opinions differ on the effectiveness of housing policy clearly program presented a positive balance in the city of Cúcuta.

24 CFR 257.120 - Appreciation sharing or up-front payment

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... the Act, the amount of the appreciation in value of a property securing an H4H program mortgage that... appreciation may be established to the satisfaction of FHA: (1) In the case of— (i) A sale of the property to...'s interest in appreciation. Upon sale or disposition of a property securing an H4H program mortgage...

78 FR 10901 - Mortgage Servicing Rules Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-14

... who's actually going to be punished by the mortgage fraud settlement, Bloomberg News, February 10... Unsound Foreclosure Practices (Apr. 13, 2011), available at http://www.occ.gov/news-issuances/news...), available at http://www.occ.treas.gov/news-issuances/news-releases/2011/nr-occ-2011-47.html . \\30\\ See Fed...

26 CFR 1.6709-1T - Penalties with respect to mortgage credit certificates (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Additions to the Tax, Additional Amounts... affidavit or other statement under a penalty of perjury made with respect to the issuance of a mortgage credit certificate and such misstatement is due to the negligence of that person, that person shall pay a...

An Investigation into the Fundamental Drivers of Pricing of Residential Mortgage Products – A Risk Pricing Viewpoint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Harry M Karamujic

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Residential mortgage products (also known as home loans pricing has been long understood to be something of a ‘dark art’, requiring judgment and experience, rather than being an exact science. In the last decade, a lot has changed in this field and more and more lenders, primarily the larger lenders, are increasingly looking to make their pricing as exact as possible. Even so, inadequate pricing of residential mortgage products (in particular its substandard risk pricing has been seen as one of major causes of the global financial crisis (GFC and subsequent spectacular banking collapses. The underlying theme of the paper is to exhibit how contemporary lenders, in practice, price their residential mortgage products. While discussing elements of the pricing calculation particular attention was given to the exposition of how contemporary lenders price risks involved in providing home loans. Because of the importance of Basel capital accords to how financial institutions assess and quantify their risks, the paper provides an overview of Basel capital accords. The author envisages that the paper will (i help enhance comprehension of the underlying elements of the pricing calculation and the ways in which these elements relate to each other, (ii scrutinize how contemporary lenders identify and quantify risks and (iii improve consciousness of future changes in interest rates

Advances in automated valuation modeling AVM after the non-agency mortgage crisis

CERN Document Server

Kauko, Tom

2017-01-01

This book addresses several problems related to automated valuation methodologies (AVM). Following the non-agency mortgage crisis, it offers a variety of approaches to improve the efficiency and quality of an automated valuation methodology (AVM) dealing with emerging problems and different contexts. Spatial issue, evolution of AVM standards, multilevel models, fuzzy and rough set applications and quantitative methods to define comparables are just some of the topics discussed.

Lombalgia ocupacional Occupational low back pain

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milton Helfenstein Junior

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A lombalgia ocupacional apresenta etiologia multifatorial, elevada prevalência e incidência. Caracterizada por quadro de dor de variada duração e intensidade, a dor lombar pode levar à incapacidade laborativa e à invalidez. A lombalgia acarreta sofrimento aos trabalhadores, custos às empresas, aos sistemas previdenciário e assistencial de saúde. Os autores, pela relevância do tema, elaboraram este artigo de revisão bibliográfica dando ênfase ao embasamento teorico-conceitual e à experiência de especialistas.The occupational low back pain presents multifactorial aetiology, important prevalence and incidence. Characterized by pain of varying duration and intensity, low back pain may lead to disability. Low back pain causes suffering to workers, implies costs to companies, to the social security and health assistance system. Because of the theme's relevance, the authors have elaborated this review of literature with emphasis on a theoretical and conceptual basis, as well as experience of experts.

Sustained Forced Sale Value Opinion Advice in Nigerian Valuation ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sultan

volume of secured lending by commercial banks. ... Keywords: Forced sale value, mortgage valuation, Nigeria, valuation ... fact that given the rather large set of unknowns .... Besides the primary data .... mortgage lending value add anything.

Nuclear energy and the security of energy supply

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertel, E.

2005-01-01

Security of energy supply was a major concern for OECD governments in the early 1970. Since then, successive oil crises, volatility of hydrocarbon prices, as well as terrorist risks and natural disasters, have brought the issue back to the centre stage of policy agendas. In this paper, the author discusses the problem of energy supply security. Can security of supply be measured? What is the role of government and of nuclear energy? And what are measures for ensuring security of supply? (A.L.B.)

26 CFR 1.163-11T - Allocation of certain prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... insurance premiums (temporary). 1.163-11T Section 1.163-11T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Allocation—(1) In general. As provided in section 163(h)(3)(E), premiums... section applies whether the qualified mortgage insurance premiums are paid in cash or are financed...

Radioactive Waste SECURITY

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brodowski, R.; Drapalik, M.; Gepp, C.; Gufler, K.; Sholly, S.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this work is to investigate the safety requirements for a radioactive waste repository, the fundamental problems involved and the legislative rules and arrangements for doing so. As the title already makes clear, the focus of this work is on aspects that can be assigned to the security sector - ie the security against the influence of third parties - and are to be distinguished from safety measures for the improvement of the technical safety aspects. In this context, mention is made of events such as human intrusion into guarded facilities, whereas e.g. a geological analysis on seismic safety is not discussed. For a variety of reasons, the consideration of security nuclear waste repositories in public discussions is increasingly taking a back seat, as ia. Terrorist threats can be considered as negligible risk or well calculable. Depending on the type of storage, different security aspects still have to be considered. (roessner)

24 CFR 206.131 - Contract rights and obligations for mortgages on individual dwelling units in a condominium.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Contract rights and obligations for... MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Condominiums § 206.131 Contract rights and obligations...] Termination of Insurance Contract ...

Security bingo for administrators

CERN Multimedia

Computer Security Team

2011-01-01

Have you ever thought about the security of your service(s) or system(s)? Show us and win one of three marvellous books on computer security! Just print out this page, mark which of the 25 good practices below you already follow, and send the sheet back to us at Computer.Security@cern.ch or P.O. Box G19710, by November 14th 2011.   Winners[1] must show us that they follow at least five good practices in a continuous horizontal row, vertical column or diagonal. For details on CERN Computer Security, please consult http://cern.ch/security. My service or system…   …is following a software development life-cycle. …is patched in an automatic and timely fashion. …runs a tightened local ingress/egress firewall. …uses CERN Single-Sign-On (SSO). …has physical access protections in place. …runs all processes / services / applications with least privileges. …has ...

Understand the Big Picture So You Can Plan for Network Security

Science.gov (United States)

Cervone, Frank

2005-01-01

This article discusses network security for libraries. It indicates that there were only six exploit (security exposure) problems, worldwide, reported to the CERT Coordination Center back in 1988. In that year, the CERT had just been established to provide a clearinghouse for exchanging information about network security problems. By 2003, the…

24 CFR 241.865 - Election by the lender.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage Rights and Duties of Lender Under the Contract of Insurance § 241.865 Election by the lender. Where a real estate mortgage, or other security instrument has been...

Computer Security at Nuclear Facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cavina, A.

2013-01-01

This series of slides presents the IAEA policy concerning the development of recommendations and guidelines for computer security at nuclear facilities. A document of the Nuclear Security Series dedicated to this issue is on the final stage prior to publication. This document is the the first existing IAEA document specifically addressing computer security. This document was necessary for 3 mains reasons: first not all national infrastructures have recognized and standardized computer security, secondly existing international guidance is not industry specific and fails to capture some of the key issues, and thirdly the presence of more or less connected digital systems is increasing in the design of nuclear power plants. The security of computer system must be based on a graded approach: the assignment of computer system to different levels and zones should be based on their relevance to safety and security and the risk assessment process should be allowed to feed back into and influence the graded approach

Design Considerations for a Cognitive Radio Trust and Security Framework

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mihovska, Albena D.; Prasad, Ramjee; Tragos, Elias Z.

2012-01-01

towards pushing further the attainable spectral efficiency gains. Taking a step back, our work looks into the critical challenges with respect to reliability, robustness and security, which hinder operators from investing in this new technology. We propose a new conceptual framework for trust and security...

Geography of opportunity and residential mortgage foreclosure: A spatial analysis of a U.S. housing market

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yanmei LI

2011-12-01

Full Text Available South Florida has been among the top foreclosure markets in the United States, but little research has explored whether this market presents different dynamics compared to other metropolitan areas. This research chooses Broward County to explore whether socioeconomic characteristics and certain public policy instruments relate to subprime lending and mortgage foreclosure patterns. Results indicate areas bounded by linear highways and railroads have a concentration of low-income black population and subprime loans. The spatial distribution of subprime loans is mostly explained by a higher percentage of minority and/or Hispanic population in a neighborhood. Yet, racial minorities, instead of Hispanic origin, contributes mostly to the concentration of subprime loans. The spatial pattern of foreclosures is more complex, determined not only by subprime loans but also possibly other factors associated with the mortgage crisis. This suggests that disadvantaged neighborhoods are disproportionally lacking favorable opportunities due to institutional and sub- cultural forces shaping the geography of subprime and foreclosure.

Lock It Up! Computer Security.

Science.gov (United States)

Wodarz, Nan

1997-01-01

The data contained on desktop computer systems and networks pose security issues for virtually every district. Sensitive information can be protected by educating users, altering the physical layout, using password protection, designating access levels, backing up data, reformatting floppy disks, using antivirus software, and installing encryption…

An Analysis of the Neighborhood Impacts of a Mortgage Assistance Program: A Spatial Hedonic Model

Science.gov (United States)

Di, Wenhua; Ma, Jielai; Murdoch, James C.

2010-01-01

Down payment or closing cost assistance is an effective program in addressing the wealth constraints of low-and moderate-income homebuyers. However, the spillover effect of such programs on the neighborhood is unknown. This paper estimates the impact of the City of Dallas Mortgage Assistance Program (MAP) on nearby home values using a hedonic…

UJI INTEGRASI DAN CONTAGION EFFECT PASAR MODAL PADA LIMA NEGARA ASEAN (RISET EMPIRIS PASCA TERJADINYA KRISIS SUBPRIME MORTGAGE DAN KRISIS YUNANI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tarsisius Renald Suganda

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Financial market comovement in ASEAN main member countries is still attractive to scrunitized, because this area is vulnerable to the impact on a global economic event. This study examined capital market integration of five ASEAN main members (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand by using September 2008—30 April 2013 data period. This period will divided into the post 2008 Subprime Mortgage crisis period and the post 2010 Greece crisis period. Vector Autoregressive (VAR was used to test the comovement occurance among these capital markets and Granger Causality Test was used to analyze the contagion effect among these capital markets. The finding shows that the comovement was occurred among Indonesia, Malay-sia, Singapore and Thailand’s capital market during September 2008 to 30 April 2013 period. The comovement was still occured after 2008 Subpime Mortgage crisis period and 2010 Greece crisis period, although there is country namely Philippines which did not have the comovement at all against the other countries. Further-more, the finding shows that Indonesia capital market gives contagion effect to other ASEAN countries after 2008 Subprime Mortgage crisis and Greece financial crisis.

Pilot States Program report: Home energy ratings systems and energy-efficient mortgages

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Farhar, B.

2000-04-04

This report covers the accomplishments of the home energy ratings systems/energy-efficient mortgages (HERS/EEMs) pilot states from 1993 through 1998, including such indicators as funding, ratings and EEMs achieved, active raters, and training and marketing activities. A brief description of each HERS program's evolution is included, as well as their directors' views of the programs' future prospects. Finally, an analysis is provided of successful HERS program characteristics and factors that appear to contribute to HERS program success.

Transposition of the Mortgage Credit Directive into Hungarian and Czech law – The Problem of Credit Intermediaries

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Simon, Rita

2017-01-01

Roč. 6, č. 3 (2017), s. 106-112 ISSN 2364-4710 Institutional support: RVO:68378122 Keywords : mortgage credit directive * consumer protection * credit intermediaries Subject RIV: AG - Legal Sciences OBOR OECD: Law https://www.kluwerlawonline.com/abstract.php?area=Journals&id=EuCML2017025

Ownership Networks Effects on Secured Borrowing

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Martinez, Constanza; Cizek, Pavel; Leon Rincon, Carlos

2018-01-01

The secured borrowing based on sell/buy-backs agreements is studied, specifically considering both: quantity and price. The empirical evidence presented in this paper suggests that, after controlling for specific individual characteristics, group-specific effects (defined by belonging or not to a

Muddling Through: An Analysis of Security Force Assistance in Iraq

Science.gov (United States)

2017-05-25

OSC-I mostly fell back into their comfort zone of managing 60 foreign military sales programs as the nominal advisement programs quickly fell apart...implications of these observations are critical to future SFA efforts, as the US government seeks to continue a long-term strategy of advising and...Iraqi Army, Mosul, ISIS, Advise and Assist, Security Assistance, Security Cooperation, MNSTC-I, OIF 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION

24 CFR 232.565 - Maximum loan amount.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING HOMES, INTERMEDIATE CARE FACILITIES, BOARD AND CARE HOMES, AND ASSISTED... Fire Safety Equipment Eligible Security Instruments § 232.565 Maximum loan amount. The principal amount...

development of an integrated campus security alerting system

African Journals Online (AJOL)

user

Keywords: Campus Security, Microcontroller, Internet Protocol Camera, Integrated system, Micro-switches. 1. INTRODUCTION .... personnel can fall back to the information captured/stored ...... Adetoba A. O. "Design and Construction of a Car.

78 FR 44580 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-24

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

75 FR 41510 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-16

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by...). The interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period...

78 FR 4427 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-22

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

75 FR 5339 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-02

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

77 FR 4359 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2012-01-27

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by...). The interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period...

76 FR 4127 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-24

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

76 FR 47225 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-04

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

77 FR 42754 - Mortgage and Loan Insurance Programs Under the National Housing Act-Debenture Interest Rates

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-20

... Programs Under the National Housing Act--Debenture Interest Rates AGENCY: Office of the Assistant Secretary... in the interest rates to be paid on debentures issued with respect to a loan or mortgage insured by... interest rate for debentures issued under section 221(g)(4) of the Act during the 6-month period beginning...

Battle for Ulster. A Study of Internal Security

Science.gov (United States)

1987-06-01

Socialist Republic. Consistent with- this new political, orientation, the IRA broke the long tradition of " abstentionism ," backing the candidacy...on subjects relating to US national security. Each year, the National Defense University, through the Institute for Na- tional Strategic Studies, hosts...about two dozen Senior Fellows who engage in original research on national security issues. NDU Press publishes the best of this research. In

Considering mortage as one of the means of securing the execution of obligations recognized in the current Albanian legislation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Neritan Cena

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The mortgage is one of the safest means to guarantee the execution of obligations. The definition of a mortgage is given in the article 560 of the Albanian Civil Code. A mortgage is a defined as concrete right placed on the wealth of a debtor or of a third party, on behalf of the creditor, in order to accomplish an obligation. Nonetheless, despite this initial definition seems to superficially imply that any wealth of the debtor or of a third party can be placed as a mortgage, this is not true because according to the article 561 of the Civil Code, the wealth or properties that can be used as mortgage are the following: Immobile property; Usufructes of these objects (of immobile property apart from the legal usufruct of the parents, as well as other emphiteotic rights over these objects. In any case, the person who places a mortgage on a property must be the owner or when this person is a third party, consent must be given so that a mortgage can be placed on a property to guarantee the accomplishment of obligations on behalf of the debtor. A mortgage can be placed on properties that are already existing at the time of the contract or properties that are about to exist in the future.

Local Authority Residential Mortgage Credit: A Source of Non-Market Sub-Prime Homeloans for Low-Income households

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dermot Coates

2008-01-01

Full Text Available As the volume of mortgage credit has risen in tandem with house price inflation, the sub-prime homeloan sector of this market has begun to expand in order to meet demand from those not serviced by the mainstream financial service providers. This article examines the role of local authorities in providing residential mortgages and assesses whether those who have traditionally borrowed from non-market (or public sector lenders would be considered to be sub-prime borrowers by the private sector. It concludes that, in view of the relatively low average incomes of this cohort of borrowers, they represent a higher probability of homeloan default and as a consequence, would be subject to a higher cost of credit in the private sector. However, this paper highlights the favourable terms offered by local authorities and argues that their failure to price according to the risk profile of borrowers exposes the Exchequer to higher – and often unquantified – costs in pursuit of promoting home-ownership.

Long range dependency and forecasting of housing price index and mortgage market rate: evidence of subprime crisis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nadhem Selmi

2015-05-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we examine and forecast the House Price Index (HPI and mortgage market rate in terms of the description of the subprime crisis. We use a semi-parametric local polynomial Whittle estimator proposed by Shimotsu et al. (2005 [Shimotsu, K., & Phillips, P.C.B. (2005, Exact local Whittle estimation of fractional integration. The Annals of Statistics, 33(4, 1890-1933.] in a long memory parameter time series. Empirical investigation of HPI and mortgage market rate shows that these variables are more persistent when the d estimates are found on the Shimotsu method than on the one of Künsch (1987 [Künsch, H.R. (1987. Statistical aspects of self-similar processes. In Y. Prokhorov and V.V. Sazanov (eds., Proceedings of the First World Congress of the Bernoulli Society, VNU Science Press, Utrecht, 67-74.]. The estimating forecast values are more realistic and they strongly reflect the present US economy actuality in the two series as indicated by the forecast evaluation topics.

Current Situation of Household Income as a Factor, Having Impact on Mortgage Lending in Mongolia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Khuselchimeg Batbileg

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Amount of household income is the most important factor for housing loan. The article studies mortgage lending in Ulaanbaatar in 2007–2009, the factor, having great impact on the current economy of Mongolia, carries out the comparative analysis of capital’s medium and low income households and presents methods, which will help to solve these problems.

Developing a secured social networking site using information security awareness techniques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julius O. Okesola

2014-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Ever since social network sites (SNS became a global phenomenon in almost every industry, security has become a major concern to many SNS stakeholders. Several security techniques have been invented towards addressing SNS security, but information security awareness (ISA remains a critical point. Whilst very few users have used social circles and applications because of a lack of users’ awareness, the majority have found it difficult to determine the basis of categorising friends in a meaningful way for privacy and security policies settings. This has confirmed that technical control is just part of the security solutions and not necessarily a total solution. Changing human behaviour on SNSs is essential; hence the need for a privately enhanced ISA SNS. Objective: This article presented sOcialistOnline – a newly developed SNS, duly secured and platform independent with various ISA techniques fully implemented. Method: Following a detailed literature review of the related works, the SNS was developed on the basis of Object Oriented Programming (OOP approach, using PhP as the coding language with the MySQL database engine at the back end. Result: This study addressed the SNS requirements of privacy, security and services, and attributed them as the basis of architectural design for sOcialistOnline. SNS users are more aware of potential risk and the possible consequences of unsecured behaviours. Conclusion: ISA is focussed on the users who are often the greatest security risk on SNSs, regardless of technical securities implemented. Therefore SNSs are required to incorporate effective ISA into their platform and ensure users are motivated to embrace it.

Race, gender, and statistical representation: predatory mortgage lending and the US community reinvestment movement

OpenAIRE

Elvin K Wyly; Mona Atia; Elizabeth Lee; Pablo Mendez

2007-01-01

American mortgage markets, once arenas of discrimination by exclusion, now operate as venues of segmentation and discrimination by inclusion: credit is widely available, but its terms vary enormously. One market segment involves sophisticated predatory practices in which certain groups of borrowers are targeted for high-cost credit that strips out home equity and worsens the risks of delinquency, default, and foreclosure. Unfortunately, it has become more difficult to measure inequalities of ...

31 CFR 500.311 - Property; property interests.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... attorney, goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, real estate and any interest therein..., mortgages, pledges, liens or other right in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of lading...

31 CFR 538.310 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 543.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 537.315 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 595.310 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 541.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 575.315 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any other..., mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of lading...

31 CFR 551.307 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 594.309 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 546.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 535.311 - Property; property interests.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... attorney, goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, real estate and any interest therein..., mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of lading...

31 CFR 548.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

31 CFR 542.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., goods, wares, merchandise, chattels, stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any... acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of...

12 CFR Appendix K to Part 226 - Total Annual Loan Cost Rate Computations for Reverse Mortgage Transactions

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... Appendix K to Part 226—Total Annual Loan Cost Rate Computations for Reverse Mortgage Transactions (a... loan cost rate for various transactions, as well as instructions, explanations, and examples for.... (2) Term of the transaction. For purposes of total annual loan cost disclosures, the term of a...

Autonomy-based security design: the allocation of cash flow and control rights

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boot, A.W.A.; Song, F.; Thakor, A.V.

2005-01-01

We derive debt, equity, convertible debt and asset-backed debt securities as optimal security designs in an environment in which the owner-manager has an endogenous control preference - a desire for autonomy - arising from the anticipation of future disagreement with investors over a

Smart grid security and firmware roll back capabilities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Katzir, Liran [Better Place Inc., Rosh-Ha' ayin (Israel); Beck, Yuval; Golan, Gady [Holon Institute of Technology, Holon (Israel)

2012-07-01

With the widespread use of smart metering and industrial control devices, a new challenge has emerged - that of allowing the utility companies and hardware manufactures to develop and deploy devices running operation code (''firmware'') that can be updated remotely, but in a way does not endanger the electrical grid. While modern cryptography provides tools for addressing this challenge, it may not be enough. We propose here a method for securely updating the software controlling devices connected to an Alternating Current network that offers an added, stronger layer of protection against malicious code updates. This is achieved by allowing only the power generating authority to open a special ''window'' within which the devices accept such updates. (orig.)

Miraculous financial engineering or toxic finance? The genesis of the U.S. subprime mortgage loans crisis and its consequences on the global financial markets and real economy

OpenAIRE

Ivo Pezzuto

2012-01-01

In the fall of 2008, the U.S. subprime mortgage loans defaults have turned into Wall Street’s biggest crisis since the Great Depression. As hundreds of billions in mortgage-related investments went bad, banks became suspicious of one another’s potential undisclosed credit losses and preferred to reduce their exposure in the interbank markets, thus causing interbank interest rates and credit default swaps increases, a liquidity shortage problem and a worsened credit crunch condition to consume...

24 CFR 235.1202 - Cross-reference.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... transient or hotel purposes. 203.17Mortgage provisions. 203.18Maximum mortgage amount. 203.18aSolar energy... and verification of Social Security and Employer Identification Numbers. 203.36Certificate and contract regarding use of dwelling for transient or hotel purposes. 203.38Location of dwelling. 203...

75 FR 69454 - Emergency Homeowners' Loan Program: Notice of Allocation of Funding for Substantially Similar...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-12

... assistance and provide security for such repayment by recordation of a HUD mortgage as a junior lien on the... current first lien mortgage loan payments for which the homeowner remains responsible. IV. Submission of.... Nondiscrimination and Civil Rights Requirements States operating existing programs that provide substantially...

12 CFR 950.17 - Advances to housing associates.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... that such collateral comprises mortgage loans on one-to-four family or multifamily residential property... located in the Bank's district. (b) Collateral requirements—(1) Advances to housing associates. A Bank may make an advance to any housing associate upon the security of the following collateral: (i) Mortgage...

78 FR 6407 - Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-30

..., and child support; (7) the monthly debt-to-income ratio or residual income; and (8) credit history... concerns were heightened as mortgage delinquencies and foreclosure rates increased dramatically, caused in... to repay.\\6\\ Subprime products were sold primarily to consumers with poor or no credit history...

24 CFR 232.616 - Disclosure and verification of Social Security and Employer Identification Numbers.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR NURSING... Requirements-Supplemental Loans To Finance Purchase and Installation of Fire Safety Equipment Eligible... be eligible for mortgage insurance under this subpart, the mortgagor must meet the requirements for...

12 CFR 563.172 - Financial derivatives.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... underlying assets, indices, or reference rates. The most common types of financial derivatives are futures, forward commitments, options, and swaps. A mortgage derivative security, such as a collateralized mortgage... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial derivatives. 563.172 Section 563.172...

Squeezed fermions and back-to-back correlations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Panda, P.K.; Krein, G.; Padula, S.S.; Csoergoe, T.; Hama, Y.

2001-01-01

Back-to-back correlations of asymptotic fermion pairs appear if in-medium interactions lead to mass modifications of fermion states in a thermalized medium. The back-to-back correlations of protons and anti-protons will be experimentally observable in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The strength of back-to-back correlations of fermions can be unlimitedly large, diverging as the momentum of the pair increases and the net baryon density decreases. (author)

Squeezed fermions and back-to-back correlations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Panda, P.K.; Krein, G.; Padula, S.S. [Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Csoergoe, T. [Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest (Hungary). Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (RMKI, KFKI); Hama, Y. [Sao Paulo Univ., SP (Brazil). Inst. de Fisica

2001-07-01

Back-to-back correlations of asymptotic fermion pairs appear if in-medium interactions lead to mass modifications of fermion states in a thermalized medium. The back-to-back correlations of protons and anti-protons will be experimentally observable in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The strength of back-to-back correlations of fermions can be unlimitedly large, diverging as the momentum of the pair increases and the net baryon density decreases. (author)

Risks of Mortgage Loans in the Czech Republic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaroslav Tichý

2015-10-01

Full Text Available Indebtedness through mortgage loans is dominant of household debt in the Czech Republic. The gradual increase in the household debt level may also entail increasing credit risk assumed by banks in connection with their credit exposure to this sector. The objective of the paper is to verify the risk and identify factors that affect the credit risk development in the Czech Republic. We look for correlation between the risk development and the interest rate development. Furthermore, we verify links between the risk and the development of real estate collateral value. The paper does confirm that there are real risks associated with the potential increase in interest rates. No significant risks have been confirmed with regard to the current development of the residential property value. The paper also strives to provide an identification and verification of risks stemming from individual banks’ internal processes. It features a detailed analysis of the internal factors (aspects comprising revenue, competition, as well as distribution.

Cyber security for nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Verma, Ruchi; Razdan, Mayuri; Munshi, Prabhat

2005-01-01

Cyber Security, cyber terrorism and cyber crime are the buzzwords in security related aspects of information technology. These terms are related to computers and networks that are critical for normal functionality and operations of nuclear power plants. At one end, this inter connected era is giving us the ease to perform various critical operation with a click of command, but on the other end it is giving rise to the new world of terrorism. In today's internet connected world, terrorism has left all the boundaries back and taken the new form, term it cyber terrorism or cyber crime. This paper aims to spread the awareness about cyber terrorism and how it can affect the overall security of nuclear power plants and establishments. (author)

26 CFR 400.5-1 - Redemption by United States.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... subparagraph (1) of this paragraph (d), shall constitute prima facie evidence of the regularity of the... of the obligation secured by such lien to the extent legally satisfied by reason of the sale); (ii.... Subsequently, A defaults on the mortgage and B forecloses on the mortgage which has an outstanding obligation...

ANALISIS FLUKTUASI DOLLAR AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP RUPIAH DI SAAT DAN SETELAH KRISIS SUBPRIME MORTGAGE 2007 - 2013

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustiyan Taufik Mahardika

2015-10-01

Full Text Available In a floating system, exchange rates fluctuate due to macroeconomic conditions that occur. Due to the uncertainty caused by economic shocks or financial crises such as subprime mortgage crisis, fluctuation analysis can be used to minimize the risks that arise in business that involve exchange rates such as export/import or hedge funds. This study aims to analyze the fluctuations in the exchange rate during and after the subprime mortgage crisis 2007 – 2013 in order to give a better understanding on the dynamics of the exchange rate. By analyzing the dynamics, individuals or companies that make the currency as a component in its business can then decide the right policy to implement. Analyses were performed using an error correction model (ECM for nominal (NER and real exchange rate (RER. The variables that are proven significant for NER are money supply (JUB, current account (CAB, economic growth (EGROW, and the nominal central bank rate (NBIRATE. The dummy crisis variable did not have a significant effect on the NER, while the CAB affect NER in the short run only, and EGROW affect NER in the long run only.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v3i2.2060

78 FR 35429 - Ability-to-Repay and Qualified Mortgage Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-12

... other evidence of repayment ability.\\3\\ \\2\\ Inside Mortg. Fin., The 2011 Mortgage Market Statistical..., refinancing became more difficult and delinquency rates on subprime and Alt-A products increased dramatically... peaked at 2.5 percent in late 2007.\\5\\ As the economy worsened, the rates of serious delinquency (90 or...

Looking back, looking forward: Recovery journeys in a high secure hospital.

Science.gov (United States)

McKeown, Mick; Jones, Fiona; Foy, Paul; Wright, Karen; Paxton, Tracey; Blackmon, Mike

2016-06-01

A qualitative study of staff and service users' views of recovery was undertaken in a UK high secure hospital working to implement recovery practices. 30 staff and 25 service users participated in semi-structured interviews or focus groups. Thematic analysis identified four broad accounts of how recovery was made sense of in the high secure environment: the importance of meaningful occupation; valuing relationships; recovery journeys and dialogue with the past; and recovery as personal responsibility. These themes are discussed with an emphasis on service user strategies of cooperation or resistance, respectively advancing or impeding progress through the system. In this context the notion of cooperation is, for many, commensurate with compliance with a dominant medical model. The policy framing of recovery opens up contemplation of treatment alternatives, more participatory approaches to risk management, and emphasise the value of relational skills, but may not elude the overarching bio-psychiatric episteme. © 2016 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

Phishing

Science.gov (United States)

... Malware 10 Things You Can Do to Avoid Fraud How to Keep Your Personal Information Secure Search form Search menu Money & Credit Homes & Mortgages Health & Fitness Jobs & Making Money Privacy, Identity & Online Security Limiting Unwanted Calls and Emails Online Security "Free" ...

DATA SECURITY ISSUES IN CLOUD COMPUTING: REVIEW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hussam Alddin Shihab Ahmed

2016-02-01

Full Text Available Cloud computing is an internet based model that empower on demand ease of access and pay for the usage of each access to shared pool of networks. It is yet another innovation that fulfills a client's necessity for computing resources like systems, stockpiling, servers, administrations and applications. Securing the Data is considered one of the principle significant challenges and concerns for cloud computing. This persistent problem is getting more affective due to the changes in improving cloud computing technology. From the perspective of the Clients, cloud computing is a security hazard especially when it comes to assurance affirmation issues and data security, remain the most basically which backs off for appropriation of Cloud Computing administrations. This paper audits and breaks down the essential issue of cloud computing and depicts the information security and protection of privacy issues in cloud.

From Tulip Bulbs to Sub-Prime Mortgages Examining the Sub-Prime Crisis: The Case for a Systemic Approach

Science.gov (United States)

Stephens, Alan A.; Atwater, J. Brian; Kannan, Vijay R.

2013-01-01

Purpose: The collapse of the sub-prime mortgage market parallels several earlier failures within the financial services sector, begging the question why the lessons of past failures were not learned. Throughout history from the tulip bulb crisis of the 1600s to the most recent economic crisis, decision-makers keep making the same mistakes. This…

An Autonomic Framework for Integrating Security and Quality of Service Support in Databases

Science.gov (United States)

Alomari, Firas

2013-01-01

The back-end databases of multi-tiered applications are a major data security concern for enterprises. The abundance of these systems and the emergence of new and different threats require multiple and overlapping security mechanisms. Therefore, providing multiple and diverse database intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) is a critical…

75 FR 22656 - Order Extending Temporary Conditional Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-29

... Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (``Freddie Mac'') or the Government National Mortgage Association... assessment of the areas set forth in the Commission's Automation Review Policy Statements \\15\\ and its annual... advantage of this exemption from Exchange Act requirements. This should promote compliance with the...

Security and efficiency data sharing scheme for cloud storage

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Han, Ke; Li, Qingbo; Deng, Zhongliang

2016-01-01

With the adoption and diffusion of data sharing paradigm in cloud storage, there have been increasing demands and concerns for shared data security. Ciphertext Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) is becoming a promising cryptographic solution to the security problem of shared data in cloud storage. However due to key escrow, backward security and inefficiency problems, existing CP-ABE schemes cannot be directly applied to cloud storage system. In this paper, an effective and secure access control scheme for shared data is proposed to solve those problems. The proposed scheme refines the security of existing CP-ABE based schemes. Specifically, key escrow and conclusion problem are addressed by dividing key generation center into several distributed semi-trusted parts. Moreover, secrecy revocation algorithm is proposed to address not only back secrecy but efficient problem in existing CP-ABE based scheme. Furthermore, security and performance analyses indicate that the proposed scheme is both secure and efficient for cloud storage.

A study of dorsal vein pattern for biometric security

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nafiisah

ensure more reliable security, many biometric verification techniques have been developed .... 3.0 HA D DORSAL VEI PATTER AS A BIOMETRIC ... image for the back of the hand, and converted by a computer into a digital image that can be.

24 CFR 206.107 - Mortgagee election of assignment or shared premium option.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... § 206.123(a)(2)-(5). (v) The mortgage is a first lien of record and title to the property securing the... under any of the circumstances described in § 206.123(a)(2)-(5). (b) No election for shared appreciation. Shared appreciation mortgages shall be insured by the Secretary only under the shared premium option. [54...

7 CFR 1718.51 - Policy.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Mortgage for Distribution Borrowers § 1718.51 Policy. (a) Adequate loan security must be provided for loans made or guaranteed by RUS. The loans are required to be... security, or in connection with additional loans. (d) RUS may also require such other security instruments...

State of security in Elasticsearch

CERN Multimedia

CERN. Geneva

2017-01-01

Security is an often understated problem in high growth emerging branches of IT like big data and IoT. Elasticsearch is a great example because support for security not only came late, but it's a quite convoluted, non-open, and very expensive solution. Learn how Simone Scarduzio lead his Open Source project ReadonlyREST to become the solution of choice for many. From hackathon hustlers to Fortune500 corporates. ReadonlyREST is simple yet powerful because it leverages the concept of access control list (yes, like firewalls). We'll go through some creative use cases and business concepts made possible by the creative use of ReadonlyREST and its configuration model. About the speaker Simone Scarduzio has a 8 years background in software engineering, spanning from mobile messaging clusters to Cloud-first startups. He wrote the first book about Vert.x, a JVM micro services framework. Recently, he helped Thomson Reuters re-architect legacy back ends into secure, polyglot, resilient distributed systems. Today, ...

Climate-derived tensions in Arctic security.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Backus, George A.; Strickland, James Hassler

2008-09-01

Globally, there is no lack of security threats. Many of them demand priority engagement and there can never be adequate resources to address all threats. In this context, climate is just another aspect of global security and the Arctic just another region. In light of physical and budgetary constraints, new security needs must be integrated and prioritized with existing ones. This discussion approaches the security impacts of climate from that perspective, starting with the broad security picture and establishing how climate may affect it. This method provides a different view from one that starts with climate and projects it, in isolation, as the source of a hypothetical security burden. That said, the Arctic does appear to present high-priority security challenges. Uncertainty in the timing of an ice-free Arctic affects how quickly it will become a security priority. Uncertainty in the emergent extreme and variable weather conditions will determine the difficulty (cost) of maintaining adequate security (order) in the area. The resolution of sovereignty boundaries affects the ability to enforce security measures, and the U.S. will most probably need a military presence to back-up negotiated sovereignty agreements. Without additional global warming, technology already allows the Arctic to become a strategic link in the global supply chain, possibly with northern Russia as its main hub. Additionally, the multinational corporations reaping the economic bounty may affect security tensions more than nation-states themselves. Countries will depend ever more heavily on the global supply chains. China has particular needs to protect its trade flows. In matters of security, nation-state and multinational-corporate interests will become heavily intertwined.

76 FR 11164 - Removing References to Credit Ratings in Regulations; Proposing Alternatives to the Use of Credit...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-01

... the FCU Act, 12 U.S.C. 1757(15)(C), and its cross reference to the definition of small business security in the Exchange Act. As with the definition of ``mortgage related security,'' discussed above, the...

2008 Emlak Krizinin İller Bazında Etkileri(The Effects of 2008 Subprime Mortgage Crisis On The Cities

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Burhan KABADAYI

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of the study is to examine the effects of 2008 Mortgage Crisis started at USA on the cities of Turkey. The effects of the crisis were analyzed by current bank credit per capita and external trade structure. As a consequence, relatively less developed cities were affected by crisis less than developed cities of Turkey.

A Secure RFID Tag Authentication Protocol with Privacy Preserving in Telecare Medicine Information System.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Chun-Ta; Weng, Chi-Yao; Lee, Cheng-Chi

2015-08-01

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based solutions are widely used for providing many healthcare applications include patient monitoring, object traceability, drug administration system and telecare medicine information system (TMIS) etc. In order to reduce malpractices and ensure patient privacy, in 2015, Srivastava et al. proposed a hash based RFID tag authentication protocol in TMIS. Their protocol uses lightweight hash operation and synchronized secret value shared between back-end server and tag, which is more secure and efficient than other related RFID authentication protocols. Unfortunately, in this paper, we demonstrate that Srivastava et al.'s tag authentication protocol has a serious security problem in that an adversary may use the stolen/lost reader to connect to the medical back-end server that store information associated with tagged objects and this privacy damage causing the adversary could reveal medical data obtained from stolen/lost readers in a malicious way. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient RFID tag authentication protocol to overcome security flaws and improve the system efficiency. Compared with Srivastava et al.'s protocol, the proposed protocol not only inherits the advantages of Srivastava et al.'s authentication protocol for TMIS but also provides better security with high system efficiency.

76 FR 47947 - Re-Proposal of Shelf Eligibility Conditions for Asset-Backed Securities

Science.gov (United States)

2011-08-05

.... Securities and Exchange Commission Before the Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs...); Australian Securitisation Forum (AusSF); Bank of America (BOA); CNH Capital America (CNH); Financial Services...

SOCIO-SPATIAL INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE BACK LANE OF HOUSING AT BANDAR BARU NILAI: PRIVACY AND COMMUNITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SITI F. M. LIAS

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Urban informal spaces in the form of back lane tend to promote socio-spatial integration between neighbourhood communities. The Back Lane Planning Design Guidelines issued in 2014 by Town and Country Planning Department of Malaysia identified back lane as such a place to encourage communal lifestyle whereas an area of owns residents privacy. In reality, back lane portrays as the wasted unfavourable paths thus several social concerns of safety, security, health issues as well as invading privacy and sense of deficiency community bonding issues arise. This study quantitatively analyses dwellers perception focusing to level of visual privacy and level of spiritual neighbourhood interaction towards effectiveness of newly landscape back lane (LBL in contemporary urban dwellings. Comparison of socio-spatial integration between two types of back lane design in grid-linear housing scheme ; the pleasing greenery landscape back lane (LBL and the plain empty bare paved back lane (PBL in residential area of Kota Seriemas, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan . Structured questionnaire distributed to 115 respondents to assess on privacy and comfort level, neighbourhood activities and communal lifestyle, back -lane usage, resident’s perception and expectation.The study proved the landscape design back lane (LBL is ensuring own right privacy lacking in promoting community interaction among the residents due to contemporary urban lifestyles.

Back pain and low back pain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cotta, H.; Niethard, F.U.

1983-01-01

In patients with back pain there is only a poor correlation between clinical and radiological symptoms. Therefore the interpretation of radiological findings is only possible with respect to the natural history of the disease. Indication for radiological examination is given for early diagnosis and treatment of malinformation of the spine; diagnosis and treatment of functional disturbances of the spine with back- and low back pain and diagnosis and treatment of diseases which affect the stability of the vertebrae. (orig.)

26 CFR 1.6050H-1T - Information reporting of mortgage interest received in a trade or business from individuals after...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... commercial loan because the proceeds were used to finance the payor's trade or business, the obligation is... is a mortgage shall be made without regard to the interest recipient's classification of that... classifies the obligation as a commercial loan because the proceeds are to be used to finance the payor's...

From secure dependency to attachment: Mary Ainsworth's integration of Blatz's security theory into Bowlby's attachment theory.

Science.gov (United States)

van Rosmalen, Lenny; van der Horst, Frank C P; van der Veer, René

2016-02-01

John Bowlby is generally regarded as the founder of attachment theory, with the help of Mary Ainsworth. Through her Uganda and Baltimore studies Ainsworth provided empirical evidence for attachment theory, and she contributed the notion of the secure base and exploratory behavior, the Strange Situation Procedure and its classification system, and the notion of maternal sensitivity. On closer scrutiny, many of these contributions appear to be heavily influenced by William Blatz and his security theory. Even though Blatz's influence on Ainsworth has been generally acknowledged, this article, partly based on understudied correspondence from several personal archives, is the first to show which specific parts of attachment theory can be traced back directly to Blatz and his security theory. When Ainsworth started working with Bowlby in the 1950s, around the time he turned to evolutionary theory for an explanation of his findings, she integrated much of Blatzian security theory into Bowlby's theory in the making and used her theoretical and practical experience to enrich attachment theory. Even though Blatz is hardly mentioned nowadays, several of his ideas live on in attachment theory. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Using Genetic Algorithms in Secured Business Intelligence Mobile Applications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia TRIF

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The paper aims to assess the use of genetic algorithms for training neural networks used in secured Business Intelligence Mobile Applications. A comparison is made between classic back-propagation method and a genetic algorithm based training. The design of these algorithms is presented. A comparative study is realized for determining the better way of training neural networks, from the point of view of time and memory usage. The results show that genetic algorithms based training offer better performance and memory usage than back-propagation and they are fit to be implemented on mobile devices.

77 FR 28225 - Sentencing Guidelines for United States Courts

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-11

... the period that the fraud occurred and the average price of the security or commodity during the 90... relates to securities fraud and similar offenses, and the second directive relates to mortgage fraud and financial institution fraud. Securities Fraud and Similar Offenses Section 1079A(a)(1)(A) of the Act directs...

Information security in SCADA systems in nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Satyamurty, S.A.V.

2013-01-01

Few decades back most of the I and C systems are Hardwired based. With the developments in digital electronics, micro processors and micro controllers, the I and C systems are becoming more and more Computer based. Though it brought convenience to the designer, comfort to the operator in the form of better GUI, it also brought many challenges in the form of information security. The talk covers the typical I and C design using SCADA systems, the challenges, typical problems faced and the need for information security. The talk illustrates various security measures to be implemented in the design, development and testing stages. These security measures have to be taken both in the development environment and deployment environment. Verification and validation of computer based system is very important. Configuration change management is very essential for smooth running of the plant. The talk illustrates the various measures need to be taken. (author)

A study on energy security and nuclear energy role

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ujita, Hiroshi

2011-01-01

Energy security was a major concern for OECD governments in the early 1970s. Since then, successive oil crises, volatility of hydrocarbon prices, as well as terrorist risks and natural disasters, have brought the issue back to the centre stage of policy agendas. Here, an energy security concept has been proposed, which is defined by time frame and space frame as well. Wide-meaning energy security is divided broadly into two categories. One is short-term (∼10 y) energy crisis, which is narrow-meaning energy security. Short-term energy crisis is further divided into contingent crisis, such as energy supply chain (sealane) interruption due to conflict, accident, terrorism, etc., and structural crisis, such as price fluctuations, supply shortage, energy demand increase in Asia, technology development stagnation, etc. The other is long-term (∼100 y) energy crisis and global energy problems, such as fossil fuel exhaustion and global warming. (author)

Low back pain - acute

Science.gov (United States)

Backache; Low back pain; Lumbar pain; Pain - back; Acute back pain; Back pain - new; Back pain - short-term; Back strain - new ... lower back supports most of your body's weight. Low back pain is the number two reason that Americans see ...

The Housing Finance Revolution

OpenAIRE

Richard K. Green; Susan M. Wachter

2007-01-01

While other countries dismantled their segmented housing finance systems and linked housing finance to capital markets through deregulated depositories, the US linked housing finance to capital markets through depository deregulation and securitization. Elsewhere securitization has not developed. The US provided the underpinnings for its mortgage security infrastructure with the creation of FNMA in 1938 and in order to create liquidity in the mortgage market required the standardization of mo...

75 FR 16066 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-31

... information is also used to determine that the Government's security for loans made by RUS are reasonably... loan security. Description of Respondents: Business or other for-profit; not-for- profit institutions.... Department of Agriculture. It makes mortgage loans and loan guarantees to finance telecommunications...

76 FR 81793 - Net Worth Standard for Accredited Investors

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-29

... this provision will mitigate incentives to increase debt secured against the residence solely for... and Residential Mortgage Default: Theory and Evidence from U.S. States,'' (February 25, 2011), Federal... should address potential incentives for individuals to incur debt secured by a primary residence for the...

Pledge Of The Land Plot Under The Law Of Continental Europe Countries And The Republic Of Kazakhstan

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavel A. Byshkov

2014-12-01

Full Text Available In the article the legal regulation and institutional features of mortgage of land in various European countries, that has developed legislation and transitional economies are researched. The processes of securing various types of these rights for land in modern law are analyzed. The order of occurrence, termination, as well as contents of this law is researched. Pledge (mortgage of land is by it’s nature is the inherently limited real right, regulated by laws of modern countries. This land title applies to the land owned by individuals and entities and can be set in relation to land, which is in different forms of ownership. Mortgages are usually registered without the transfer of this property into the possession of the creditor. The subject of mortgage, in addition to real estate, may be land rights, for example, usufruct. It should also be noted that variety of mortgage forms in different countries exists, what is primarily related to the development of law in these countries. Meanwhile, it should be emphasized that the holder of mortgage is given the authority to prevent decrease in the value of real estate. Record of pledge (mortgage of land is mandatorily placed into the special register in order to ensure its publicity.

The economic impact of the Troubled Assets Relief Programme ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Through TARP funds, the US government buys illiquid mortgage-backed ... of ensuring financial stability in the United States, there are also groups that are ..... macro-economic, market and liquidity risks), financial instability will increase.

Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng Fuguo; Li Xihan; Zhou Hongyu; Zhang Zhanjun

2005-01-01

We analyzed the security of the multiparty quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocol recently proposed by Zhang, Li, and Man [Phys. Rev. A 71, 044301 (2005)] and found that this protocol is secure for any other eavesdropper except for the agent Bob who prepares the quantum signals as he can attack the quantum communication with a Trojan horse. That is, Bob replaces the single-photon signal with a multiphoton one and the other agent Charlie cannot find this cheating as she does not measure the photons before they run back from the boss Alice, which reveals that this MQSS protocol is not secure for Bob. Finally, we present a possible improvement of the MQSS protocol security with two single-photon measurements and four unitary operations

Understanding cultural influences on back pain and back pain research.

Science.gov (United States)

Henschke, Nicholas; Lorenz, Eva; Pokora, Roman; Michaleff, Zoe A; Quartey, Jonathan N A; Oliveira, Vinicius Cunha

2016-12-01

Low back pain is highly prevalent and places a considerable burden on individuals, their families and communities. This back pain burden is unequally distributed around the world and within populations. Clinicians and researchers addressing back pain should be aware of the cultural, social and political context of back pain patients and how this context can influence pain perception, disability and health care use. Culture, which influences the beliefs and behaviour of individuals within a social group, could be considered an important contributor to the unequal distribution of back pain. However, there is paucity of high-quality research exploring the influence of culture on the experience and management of back pain. Further development and testing of specific tools, assessment methods and communication strategies are needed to improve our understanding of how cultural practices, values and identifications affect those dealing with back pain. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Interaction analysis of back-to-back mechanically stabilized earth walls

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sadok Benmebarek

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Back-to-back mechanically stabilized earth walls (BBMSEWs are encountered in bridge approaches, ramp ways, rockfall protection systems, earth dams, levees and noise barriers. However, available design guidelines for BBMSEWs are limited and not applicable to numerical modeling when back-to-back walls interact with each other. The objective of this paper is to investigate, using PLAXIS code, the effects of the reduction in the distance between BBMSEW, the reinforcement length, the quality of backfill material and the connection of reinforcements in the middle, when the back-to-back walls are close. The results indicate that each of the BBMSEWs behaves independently if the width of the embankment between mechanically stabilized earth walls is greater than that of the active zone. This is in good agreement with the result of FHWA design guideline. However, the results show that the FHWA design guideline underestimates the lateral earth pressure when back-to-back walls interact with each other. Moreover, for closer BBMSEWs, FHWA design guideline strongly overestimates the maximum tensile force in the reinforcement. The investigation of the quality of backfill material shows that the minor increase in embankment cohesion can lead to significant reductions in both the lateral earth pressure and the maximum tensile force in geosynthetic. When the distance between the two earth walls is close to zero, the connection of reinforcement between back-to-back walls significantly improves the factor of safety.

Trust Account Fraud And Effective Information Security Management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sameera Mubarak

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The integrity of lawyers trust accounts has come under scrutiny in the last few years. There are strong possibilities of information technology security breaches happening within the firms, either accidental or deliberate. The damage caused by these security breaches could be extreme. For example, a trust account fund in an Australian law firm was misused in a security breach in which Telstra charged. A$50,000 for phone usage, mainly for ISD calls to Hong Kong.Our study involved interviewing principles of ten law companies to find out solicitors attitudes to computer security and the possibility of breaches of their trust accounts. We simultaneously carried out a survey to see if the trends identified in our case-studies could be backed up with broader quantitative data. We have also conducted in-depth interviews of 5 trust account regulators from the Law society of South Australia to know their view points on security threats on trust accounts. An overall finding highlights that law firms were not current with technology to combat computer crime, and inadequate access control was a major concern in safeguarding account data. Our conclusions revealed the urgent need for law firms to adopt security controls, implement information security policies and procedures and obtain cooperation from management to communicate these policies to staff.

Markets and institutions for promoting rice for food security and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Markets and institutions for promoting rice for food security and poverty reduction in ... “Drivers of development” is an old concept and it goes back to a generation of ... process of positive cumulative changes in the economy and in people's ... in general and how they relate to rice production and marketing are addressed.

78 FR 40089 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2013-07-03

... the Government's security for loans made by RUS are reasonably adequate and that the loans will be... compliance with the loan terms and conditions to properly ensure continued loan security. Description of... makes mortgage loans and loan guarantees to finance telecommunications, electric, and water and waste...

77 FR 55794 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2012-09-11

..., one of RUS' main objectives is to safeguard loan security until the loan is repaid. Accordingly, RUS... quality of the products is acceptable and that their use will not jeopardize loan security. The.... Department of Agriculture (USDA). It makes mortgage loans and loan guarantees to finance electric...

Can Jane Get a Mortgage Loan? Depends on When and Where

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexis Antoniades

2017-04-01

Full Text Available By analyzing data from 102 million mortgage loan applications in the US between 2004–2012 (about 90% of all applications across 3,141 counties and 8,000 financial institutions, we investigate whether applicants’ gender matters in the bank's lending decision. We find evidence that female applicants face a higher rejection rate than males, holding all else constant. Similar results are obtained for Hispanic applicants compared to non-Hispanics, and minorities compared to non-minorities. Moreover, we document that this discrimination is pro-cyclical (i.e. peaks in recessions and that it varies substantially across states. Most importantly, we show that non-economic factors help explain the variation in discrimination across states while economic factors do not. Specifically, we find that gender discrimination in lending is higher in states with (i high level of conservatism, (ii low support for gay rights, and (iii low female representation in the state legislature (JEL E32, G21, J16.

Image combination enhancement method for X-ray compton back-scattering security inspection body scanner

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Huaiying; Zhang Yujin; Yang Lirui; Li Dong

2011-01-01

As for X-ray Compton Back-Scattering (CBS) body scanner, image clearness is very important for the performance of detecting the contraband hidden on the body. A new image combination enhancement method is provided based on characteristics of CBS body images and points of human vision. After processed by this method, the CBS image will be obviously improved with clear levels, distinct outline and uniform background. (authors)

Optimization of airport security lanes

Science.gov (United States)

Chen, Lin

2018-05-01

Current airport security management system is widely implemented all around the world to ensure the safety of passengers, but it might not be an optimum one. This paper aims to seek a better security system, which can maximize security while minimize inconvenience to passengers. Firstly, we apply Petri net model to analyze the steps where the main bottlenecks lie. Based on average tokens and time transition, the most time-consuming steps of security process can be found, including inspection of passengers' identification and documents, preparing belongings to be scanned and the process for retrieving belongings back. Then, we develop a queuing model to figure out factors affecting those time-consuming steps. As for future improvement, the effective measures which can be taken include transferring current system as single-queuing and multi-served, intelligently predicting the number of security checkpoints supposed to be opened, building up green biological convenient lanes. Furthermore, to test the theoretical results, we apply some data to stimulate the model. And the stimulation results are consistent with what we have got through modeling. Finally, we apply our queuing model to a multi-cultural background. The result suggests that by quantifying and modifying the variance in wait time, the model can be applied to individuals with various habits customs and habits. Generally speaking, our paper considers multiple affecting factors, employs several models and does plenty of calculations, which is practical and reliable for handling in reality. In addition, with more precise data available, we can further test and improve our models.

24 CFR 320.3 - Eligible issuers of securities.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

...) Have management with adequate experience, and access to adequate facilities to issue or service... policies of the issuer permit any discrimination based on race, religion, color, national origin, age, or... its business operations in accordance with accepted mortgage banking practices, ethics, and standards...

20 CFR 416.1130 - Introduction.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Introduction. 416.1130 Section 416.1130 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME FOR THE AGED, BLIND, AND... given to you or that you receive because someone else pays for it. Shelter includes room, rent, mortgage...

7 CFR 1718.102 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Loan Contracts With Distribution Borrowers § 1718.102 Definitions. For the purposes of this subpart: Borrower means any organization that has an outstanding loan... defined in 7 CFR 1710.2. Loan documents means the mortgage (or other security instrument acceptable to RUS...

INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEM CYBER SECURITY: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RELEVANT TO NUCLEAR FACILITIES, SAFEGUARDS AND SECURITY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Robert S. Anderson; Mark Schanfein; Trond Bjornard; Paul Moskowitz

2011-07-01

Typical questions surrounding industrial control system (ICS) cyber security always lead back to: What could a cyber attack do to my system(s) and; how much should I worry about it? These two leading questions represent only a fraction of questions asked when discussing cyber security as it applies to any program, company, business, or organization. The intent of this paper is to open a dialog of important pertinent questions and answers that managers of nuclear facilities engaged in nuclear facility security and safeguards should examine, i.e., what questions should be asked; and how do the answers affect an organization's ability to effectively safeguard and secure nuclear material. When a cyber intrusion is reported, what does that mean? Can an intrusion be detected or go un-noticed? Are nuclear security or safeguards systems potentially vulnerable? What about the digital systems employed in process monitoring, and international safeguards? Organizations expend considerable efforts to ensure that their facilities can maintain continuity of operations against physical threats. However, cyber threats particularly on ICSs may not be well known or understood, and often do not receive adequate attention. With the disclosure of the Stuxnet virus that has recently attacked nuclear infrastructure, many organizations have recognized the need for an urgent interest in cyber attacks and defenses against them. Several questions arise including discussions about the insider threat, adequate cyber protections, program readiness, encryption, and many more. These questions, among others, are discussed so as to raise the awareness and shed light on ways to protect nuclear facilities and materials against such attacks.

Industrial Control System Cyber Security: Questions And Answers Relevant To Nuclear Facilities, Safeguards And Security

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anderson, Robert S.; Schanfein, Mark; Bjornard, Trond; Moskowitz, Paul

2011-01-01

Typical questions surrounding industrial control system (ICS) cyber security always lead back to: What could a cyber attack do to my system(s) and; how much should I worry about it? These two leading questions represent only a fraction of questions asked when discussing cyber security as it applies to any program, company, business, or organization. The intent of this paper is to open a dialog of important pertinent questions and answers that managers of nuclear facilities engaged in nuclear facility security and safeguards should examine, i.e., what questions should be asked; and how do the answers affect an organization's ability to effectively safeguard and secure nuclear material. When a cyber intrusion is reported, what does that mean? Can an intrusion be detected or go un-noticed? Are nuclear security or safeguards systems potentially vulnerable? What about the digital systems employed in process monitoring, and international safeguards? Organizations expend considerable efforts to ensure that their facilities can maintain continuity of operations against physical threats. However, cyber threats particularly on ICSs may not be well known or understood, and often do not receive adequate attention. With the disclosure of the Stuxnet virus that has recently attacked nuclear infrastructure, many organizations have recognized the need for an urgent interest in cyber attacks and defenses against them. Several questions arise including discussions about the insider threat, adequate cyber protections, program readiness, encryption, and many more. These questions, among others, are discussed so as to raise the awareness and shed light on ways to protect nuclear facilities and materials against such attacks.

The effect of chronic low back pain on tactile suppression during back movements.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Damme, Stefaan; Van Hulle, Lore; Danneels, Lieven; Spence, Charles; Crombez, Geert

2014-10-01

The aim of the present study was to examine whether tactile suppression, the phenomenon whereby tactile perception is suppressed during movement, would occur in the context of back movements. Of particular interest, it was investigated if tactile suppression in the back would be attenuated in those suffering from chronic low back pain. Individuals with chronic low back pain (N = 30) and a matched control group (N = 24) detected tactile stimuli on three possible locations (back, arm, chest) while performing a back or arm movement, or no movement. We hypothesized that the movements would induce tactile suppression, and that this effect would be largest for low-intense stimuli on the moving body part. We further hypothesized that, during back movements, tactile suppression on the back would be less pronounced in the chronic low back pain group than in the control group. The results showed the expected general tactile suppression effects. The hypothesis of back-specific attenuation of tactile suppression in the chronic low back pain group was not supported. However, back-specific tactile suppression in the chronic low back pain group was less pronounced in those who performed the back movements more slowly. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Security Protocol Review Method Analyzer(SPRMAN)

OpenAIRE

Navaz, A. S. Syed; Narayanan, H. Iyyappa; Vinoth, R.

2013-01-01

This Paper is designed using J2EE (JSP, SERVLET), HTML as front end and a Oracle 9i is back end. SPRMAN is been developed for the client British Telecom (BT) UK., Telecom company. Actually the requirement of BT is, they are providing Network Security Related Products to their IT customers like Virtusa,Wipro,HCL etc., This product is framed out by set of protocols and these protocols are been associated with set of components. By grouping all these protocols and components together, product is...

Discharges to prison from medium secure psychiatric units in England and Wales.

Science.gov (United States)

Doyle, Michael; Coid, Jeremy; Archer-Power, Laura; Dewa, Lindsay; Hunter-Didrichsen, Alice; Stevenson, Rachel; Wainwright, Verity; Kallis, Costas; Ullrich, Simone; Shaw, Jenny

2014-09-01

Early findings from a national study of discharges from 32 National Health Service medium secure units revealed that nearly twice as many patients than expected were discharged back to prison. To compare the characteristics of those discharged back to prison with those discharged to the community, and consider the implications for ongoing care and risk. Prospective cohort follow-up design. All forensic patients discharged from 32 medium secure units across England and Wales over a 12-month period were identified. Those discharged to prison were compared with those who were discharged to the community. Nearly half of the individuals discharged to prison were diagnosed with a serious mental illness and over a third with schizophrenia. They were a higher risk, more likely to have a personality disorder, more symptomatic and less motivated than those discharged to the community. Findings suggest that alternative models of prison mental healthcare should be considered to reduce risks to the patient and the public. Royal College of Psychiatrists.

Back to Back: A Focus on Reducing the Logistics Costs and Tax

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogério João Lunkes

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The objective is to identify the main aspects related to the operation of Back to Back set out in international trade, which enables reduction of logistics costs and taxes. The operation of Back to Back is an excellent opportunity to increase foreign exchange gain and offer greater flexibility to commercial operations that the business requires. The methodology used in preparing this study was qualitative research according to the characteristics and nature of the problem. From the use of descriptive research study aims to demonstrate the main theoretical aspects underlying the subject in reference. This study aimed to identify the main aspects related to the operation of Back to Back set out in international trade and tax effects in an organization and logistics of industrial electronics segment of the State of Santa Catarina. The study demonstrated that the benefits of the operation of Back to Back is of paramount importance for companies having a positive impact in financial terms by reducing the need for tax payments and logistics costs which affect the processes of import and export. The results presented showed that the company studied the operation of Back to Back is essential for international negotiations.

Security Property Validation of the Sensor Network Encryption Protocol (SNEP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Salekul Islam

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Since wireless sensor networks (WSNs have been designed to be deployed in an unsecured, public environment, secured communication is really vital for their wide-spread use. Among all of the communication protocols developed for WSN, the Security Protocols for Sensor Networks (SPINS is exceptional, as it has been designed with security as a goal. SPINS is composed of two building blocks: Secure Network Encryption Protocol (SNEP and the “micro” version of the Timed Efficient Streaming Loss-tolerant Authentication (TESLA, named μTESLA. From the inception of SPINS, a number of efforts have been made to validate its security properties. In this paper, we have validated the security properties of SNEP by using an automated security protocol validation tool, named AVISPA. Using the protocol specification language, HLPSL, we model two combined scenarios—node to node key agreement and counter exchange protocols—followed by data transmission. Next, we validate the security properties of these combined protocols, using different AVISPA back-ends. AVISPA reports the models we have developed free from attacks. However, by analyzing the key distribution sub-protocol, we find one threat of a potential DoS attack that we have demonstrated by modeling in AVISPA. Finally, we propose a modification, and AVISPA reports this modified version free from the potential DoS attack.

China and the Global Financial Crisis: Implications for the United States

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Morrison, Wayne M

2008-01-01

.... sub-prime mortgage securities is believed to be relatively limited, China's export industries and sectors dependent on foreign investment could be hard hit if the economies of its major trading...

Revisiting Stock Market Integration Pre-Post Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Insight From BRIC Countries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chin-Hong Puah

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This study revisits the long-run relationships and short-run dynamic causal linkages among BRIC stock market, with the particular attention to the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis. Extending related empirical studies, comparative analyses of pre-crisis, and post-crisis periods were conducted to comprehensively evaluate how stock market integration was affected by financial crises. In general, after employing cointegration test and VAR test, the results reveal the increase of stock market integration in BRICs after the subprime crisis. The evidence also found that China stock market is the most influential among the BRICs, in which China stock market has the ability to Granger cause the other three BRICs member countries. An important implication of our findings is that the degree of integration among countries tends to change over time, especially around periods marked by financial crises.

Back Pain During Pregnancy

Science.gov (United States)

... Advocacy For Patients About ACOG Back Pain During Pregnancy Home For Patients Search FAQs Back Pain During ... FAQ115, January 2016 PDF Format Back Pain During Pregnancy Pregnancy What causes back pain during pregnancy? How ...

Massage Therapy of the Back Using a Real-Time Haptic-Enhanced Telerehabilitation System

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Ramírez-Fernández

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We present the usability evaluation of a haptic-enhanced telerehabilitation system for massage therapy of the back using the Vybe haptic gaming pad and the gesture sensor LEAP motion controller. The evaluated system includes features that allow for (i administering online therapy programs, (ii providing self-adjustable and safety treatment of back massages using a virtual environment, and (iii saving and replaying massage sessions according to a patient’s therapy program. The usability evaluation with 25 older adults and 10 specialists suggests that the haptic telerehabilitation system is perceived with high usability and pleasurable user experience, while providing personalized intensity of haptic therapy in a supervised, real-time, and secure way to treat the patient. Moreover, the specialists totally agree that the system design features, such as save and play, and delimiting therapy zones are the most important for back massage therapy, while the features of regulating feedback intensity and providing/receiving a massage remotely are also important. Finally, based on their comments, five design insights aiming at improving the current version of the system were generated.

Eksistensi Hak Tanggungan Dalam Kontrak Investasi Kolektif Efek Beragun Aset (KIK-EBA) Sebagai Konsep Trusts

OpenAIRE

Rustam, Riky

2016-01-01

This research aims at discussing the problems concerning KIK-EBA agreement related to the existence of personality principles and ownership status of mortgage whose trust is secured in KIK-EBA. The problem discussed is related to any legal effects of the implementation of KIK-EBA as an agreement consisting of three parties on the existence of personality principles and related to the ownership status of mortgage in the securitization mechanism used in KIK-EBA. This was a normative research wh...

Expansion Effects on Back-to-Back Correlations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Padula, S.S.; Krein, G.; Csoergo, T.; Hama, Y.; Panda, P.K.

2004-01-01

The back-to-back correlations (BBC) of particle-antiparticle pairs, signalling in-medium mass modification, are studied in a finite size thermalized medium. The width of BBC function is explicitly evaluated in the case of a nonrelativistic spherically symmetric expanding fireball. The effect of the flow is to reduce the BBC signal as compared to the case of non flow. Nevertheless, a significant signal survives finite-time emission plus expansion effects

Challenges of information security incident learning: An industrial case study in a Chinese healthcare organization.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Ying; Johnson, Chris

2017-12-01

Security incidents can have negative impacts on healthcare organizations, and the security of medical records has become a primary concern of the public. However, previous studies showed that organizations had not effectively learned lessons from security incidents. Incident learning as an essential activity in the "follow-up" phase of security incident response lifecycle has long been addressed but not given enough attention. This paper conducted a case study in a healthcare organization in China to explore their current obstacles in the practice of incident learning. We interviewed both IT professionals and healthcare professionals. The results showed that the organization did not have a structured way to gather and redistribute incident knowledge. Incident response was ineffective in cycling incident knowledge back to inform security management. Incident reporting to multiple stakeholders faced a great challenge. In response to this case study, we suggest the security assurance modeling framework to address those obstacles.

Back Schools for chronic non-specific low back pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Parreira, Patrícia; Heymans, Martijn W; van Tulder, Maurits W; Esmail, Rosmin; Koes, Bart W; Poquet, Nolwenn; Lin, Chung-Wei Christine; Maher, Christopher G

2017-08-03

Many people with low back pain (LBP) become frequent users of healthcare services in their attempt to find treatments that minimise the severity of their symptoms. Back School consists of a therapeutic programme given to groups of people that includes both education and exercise. However, the content of Back School has changed over time and appears to vary widely today. This review is an update of a Cochrane review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effectiveness of Back School. We split the Cochrane review into two reviews, one focusing on acute and subacute LBP, and one on chronic LBP. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the effect of Back School on pain and disability for adults with chronic non-specific LBP; we included adverse events as a secondary outcome. In trials that solely recruited workers, we also examined the effect on work status. We searched for trials in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, two other databases and two trials registers to 15 November 2016. We also searched the reference lists of eligible papers and consulted experts in the field of LBP management to identify any potentially relevant studies we may have missed. We placed no limitations on language or date of publication. We included only RCTs and quasi-RCTs evaluating pain, disability, and/or work status as outcomes. The primary outcomes for this update were pain and disability, and the secondary outcomes were work status and adverse events. Two review authors independently performed the 'Risk of bias' assessment of the included studies using the 'Risk of bias' assessment tool recommended by The Cochrane Collaboration. We summarised the results for the short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-ups. We evaluated the overall quality of evidence using the GRADE approach. For the outcome pain, at short-term follow-up, we found very low-quality evidence that Back School is more effective than no

A review of video security training and assessment-systems and their applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cellucci, J.; Hall, R.J.

1991-01-01

This paper reports that during the last 10 years computer-aided video data collection and playback systems have been used as nuclear facility security training and assessment tools with varying degrees of success. These mobile systems have been used by trained security personnel for response force training, vulnerability assessment, force-on-force exercises and crisis management. Typically, synchronous recordings from multiple video cameras, communications audio, and digital sensor inputs; are played back to the exercise participants and then edited for training and briefing. Factors that have influence user acceptance include: frequency of use, the demands placed on security personnel, fear of punishment, user training requirements and equipment cost. The introduction of S-VHS video and new software for scenario planning, video editing and data reduction; should bring about a wider range of security applications and supply the opportunity for significant cost sharing with other user groups

Expansion effects on back-to-back correlations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Padula, S.S.; Krein, G. [Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)]. E-mail: padula@ift.unesp.br; Csoerg, T.; Panda, P.K. [Central Research Institute for Physics (KFKI), Budapest (Hungary). Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (RMKI); Hama, Y. [Santa Catarina Univ., Florianopolis, SC (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias Fisicas e Matematicas. Dept. de Fisica

2004-07-01

The back-to-back correlations (BBC) of particle-antiparticle pairs, signalling in-medium mass modification, are studied in a finite size thermalized medium. The width of BBC function is explicitly evaluated in the case of a nonrelativistic spherically symmetric expanding fireball. The effect of the flow is to reduce the BBC signal as compared to the case of non flow. Nevertheless, a significant signal survives finite-time emission plus expansion effects. (author)

Expansion effects on back-to-back correlations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Padula, S.S.; Krein, G.; Csoerg, T.; Panda, P.K.; Hama, Y.

2004-01-01

The back-to-back correlations (BBC) of particle-antiparticle pairs, signalling in-medium mass modification, are studied in a finite size thermalized medium. The width of BBC function is explicitly evaluated in the case of a nonrelativistic spherically symmetric expanding fireball. The effect of the flow is to reduce the BBC signal as compared to the case of non flow. Nevertheless, a significant signal survives finite-time emission plus expansion effects. (author)

Negative beliefs about low back pain are associated with persistent high intensity low back pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Ng, Sin Ki; Cicuttini, Flavia M; Wang, Yuanyuan; Wluka, Anita E; Fitzgibbon, Bernadette; Urquhart, Donna M

2017-08-01

While previous cross-sectional studies have found that negative beliefs about low back pain are associated with pain intensity, the relationship between back beliefs and persistent low back pain is not well understood. This cohort study aimed to examine the role of back beliefs in persistent low back pain in community-based individuals. A hundred and ninety-two participants from a previous musculoskeletal health study were invited to take part in a two-year follow-up study. Beliefs about back pain were assessed by the Back Beliefs Questionnaire (BBQ) at baseline and low back pain intensity was measured by the Chronic Pain Grade Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up. Of the 150 respondents (78.1%), 16 (10.7%) reported persistent high intensity low back pain, 12 (8.0%) developed high intensity low back pain, in 16 (10.7%) their high intensity low back pain resolved and 106 (70.7%) experienced no high intensity low back pain. While participants were generally positive about low back pain (BBQ mean (SD) = 30.2 (6.4)), those with persistent high intensity pain reported greater negativity (BBQ mean (SD) = 22.6 (4.9)). Negative beliefs about back pain were associated with persistent high intensity low back pain after adjusting for confounders (M (SE) = 23.5 (1.6) vs. >30.1 (1.7), p back beliefs were associated with persistent high intensity low back pain over 2 years in community-based individuals. While further longitudinal studies are required, these findings suggest that targeting beliefs in programs designed to treat and prevent persistent high intensity low back pain may be important.

Making a Back-Illuminated Imager with Back-Side Contact and Alignment Markers

Science.gov (United States)

Pain, Bedabrata

2008-01-01

A design modification and a fabrication process that implements the modification have been conceived to solve two problems encountered in the development of back-illuminated, back-sidethinned complementary metal oxide/ semiconductor (CMOS) image-detector integrated circuits. The two problems are (1) how to form metal electrical-contact pads on the back side that are electrically connected through the thickness in proper alignment with electrical contact points on the front side and (2) how to provide alignment keys on the back side to ensure proper registration of backside optical components (e.g., microlenses and/or color filters) with the front-side pixel pattern. The essence of the design modification is to add metal plugs that extend from the desired front-side locations through the thickness and protrude from the back side of the substrate. The plugs afford the required front-to-back electrical conduction, and the protrusions of the plugs serve as both the alignment keys and the bases upon which the back-side electrical-contact pads can be formed.

Early warning system for potential churners among mortgage customers

Science.gov (United States)

Irpan, Hamidah Muhd; Aidid, Sharifah Sakinah Syed Hassan; Mohmad, Sarahiza; Ibrahim, Noorazilah

2014-07-01

Retaining existing customer is a major task for many companies because cost to acquire new customers is higher than retaining existing customers. For mortgage business in Bank X, customer relationship management plays a big role to understand their customers' profile and churners so that suitable action can be done to retain their potential churners. Objectives of this study are (1) understanding their customers' profile and churners, (2) modeling potential churners using neural network model and (3) to deploy the model to identify potential churners. Data was divided into two parts: sampling (67,470 cases) and scoring (4,488 cases). Analysis was done using SAS Enterprise Miner. Dependent variable is churner/non churner while independent variables are balance and amount of loan, interest rate offered installment amount, loan performance, months in arrear, vintage, tenure, age, race and gender. Potential churners were identified as Malays, followed by Indian, other races and Chinese. Nonperforming loan and male customers tend to churn compared to performing loan and female customers. Younger customers with small loan amount, balance and monthly instalment, higher interest rate, have many months in arrears, longer vintage and tenure have higher tendency to churn from Bank X. Hence, Bank X should focus on the potential churners for their campaign to minimize the expenses of retaining existing customers by doing an effective campaign with high successful rate.

24 CFR 232.865 - Election by lender.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Rights and Duties of Lender Under the Contract of Insurance § 232.865 Election by lender. Where a real estate mortgage, or other security instrument has been used to...

Liens on aircraft with special reference on statutory liens

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janković Svetislav

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The paper examines three types of liens on aircraft: mortgage (as contractual lien, statutory and judicial lien on aircraft. Special attention is paid to statutory liens and its relationship with mortgage and judicial lien on same aircraft. The author highlights the problem of priority of different type of secured creditors due to the fact of existing competition between their interests. This problem is especially enlarged because of simultaneously applying three different source of law: Cape Town Convention 2001, Serbian Law of Air Transport 2011 and Geneva Convention on the Recognition of Rights in Aircraft 1948. Conclusion is that the creditor with statutory lien on aircraft has the biggest priority in realization of his right over other creditors and even creditors secured with mortgage and judicial lien which have priority between themselves in comply with principle 'first in time, first in right'. In order to achieve the ideas of this conclusion in practice it is necessary for courts to use teleological interpretation in applying laws. This is especially because of certain inconsistencies between different legal sources in regard of notion, order of priority and effect of different type of liens on aircraft.

Back pain and sports

Science.gov (United States)

... Running - back pain; Weightlifting - back pain; Lumbar pain - sports; Sciatica - sports; Low back pain - sports ... MD, Thompson SR, eds. DeLee and Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice . 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: ...

Maritime Defense and Security Research Program: Final Report, 2004-2011

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-01

Security: airports, military bases, heads of state, Super Bowl Critical Project Management Most recently, CID completed an analysis of the Hawaiian...to link the results, i.e. discovered keywords, back to the original documents for validation. Also the big picture needs to be updated and enhanced...and Network Layers using OPNET,‖ Proc. TTCP TP-9 ASW Systems & Technologies Panel Annual Meeting, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, September 21-25

φφ Back-to-Back Correlations in Finite Expanding Systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Padula, S. S.; Krein, G.; Hama, Y.; Panda, P. K.; Csoergo, T.

2006-01-01

Back-to-Back Correlations (BBC) of particle-antiparticle pairs are predicted to appear if hot and dense hadronic matter is formed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The BBC are related to in-medium mass-modification and squeezing of the quanta involved. Although the suppression of finite emission times were already known, the effects of finite system sizes and of collective phenomena had not been studied yet. Thus, for testing the survival and magnitude of the effect in more realistic situations, we study the BBC when mass-modification occurs in a finite sized, thermalized medium, considering a non-relativistically expanding fireball with finite emission time, and evaluating the width of the back-to-back correlation function. We show that the BBC signal indeed survives the expansion and flow effects, with sufficient magnitude to be observed at RHIC

Addressing Disparities in Low Back Pain Care by Developing Culturally Appropriate Information for Aboriginal Australians: "My Back on Track, My Future".

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Ivan B; Ryder, Kim; Coffin, Juli; Green, Charmaine; Dalgety, Eric; Scott, Brian; Straker, Leon M; Smith, Anne J; O'Sullivan, Peter B

2017-11-01

Addressing disparities in low back pain care (LBP) is an important yet largely unaddressed issue. One avenue to addressing disparities, recommended by clinical guidelines, is to ensure that LBP information is culturally appropriate. Our objectives were, first, to develop LBP information that was culturally appropriate for Aboriginal Australians living in a rural area and, second, to compare this to traditional information. The overall information development process was guided by a "cultural security" framework and included partnerships between Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal investigators, a synthesis of research evidence, and participation of a project steering group consisting of local Aboriginal people. LBP information (entitled My Back on Track, My Future [MBOT]) was developed as five short audio-visual scenarios, filmed using Aboriginal community actors. A qualitative randomized crossover design compared MBOT with an evidence-based standard (the Back Book [BB]). Twenty Aboriginal adults participated. Qualitatively we ascertained which information participants' preferred and why, perceptions about each resource, and LBP management. Thirteen participants preferred MBOT, four the BB, two both, and one neither. Participants valued seeing "Aboriginal faces," language that was understandable, the visual format, and seeing Aboriginal people undertaking positive changes in MBOT. In contrast, many participants found the language and format of the BB a barrier. Participants who preferred the BB were more comfortable with written information and appreciated the detailed content. The MBOT information was more preferred and addressed important barriers to care, providing support for use in practice. Similar processes are needed to develop pain information for other cultural groups, particularly those underserved by existing approaches to care. © 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

Back Pain and Modic

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Manniche, Claus; Jordan, Alan; Mikkelsen, Connie

Long awaited breakthrough Approximately 25 years ago a few researchers managed to publish an article in the renowned medical journal, The Lancet. The article demonstrated that intensive exercise was most useful for patients with chronic back pain. Many of our colleagues found this difficult...... to accept, nonetheless, intensive exercise has for chronic back pain has spread across the world and has become – in different forms – the most commonly prescribed treatment for back pain patients. Since that time, there has not been much research based progress in back science, however, we have taken...... a significant step forward with the advent of the new back pain diagnosis, ”Modic changes”. During the coming years, thousands of back pain patients will now be given a precise diagnosis as well as a useful treatment in cases where we previously we unable to provide either a diagnosis or a useful treatment...

Strong-back safety latch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

DeSantis, G.N.

1995-01-01

The calculation decides the integrity of the safety latch that will hold the strong-back to the pump during lifting. The safety latch will be welded to the strong-back and will latch to a 1.5-in. dia cantilever rod welded to the pump baseplate. The static and dynamic analysis shows that the safety latch will hold the strong-back to the pump if the friction clamps fail and the pump become free from the strong-back. Thus, the safety latch will meet the requirements of the Lifting and Rigging Manual for under the hook lifting for static loading; it can withstand shock loads from the strong-back falling 0.25 inch

Cost estimation of thermal and nuclear power using annual securities report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Matsuo, Yuji; Nagatomi, Yu; Murakami, Tomoko

2011-01-01

Cost estimation of generation cost derived from various power sources was widely conducted using model plant or annual securities report of electric utilities. Although annual securities report method was subjected to some limitation in methodology itself, useful information was obtained for cost comparison of thermal and nuclear power. Studies on generation cost evaluation of thermal and nuclear power based on this method during past five years showed that nuclear power cost was almost stable 7 Yen/kWh and thermal power cost was varying 9 - 12 Yen/kWh dependent on violent fluctuations of primary energy cost. Nuclear power was expected cost increase due to enhanced safety requirements or damage compensation of accidents as well as decommissioning and back-end cost, which were difficult to evaluate accurately with annual securities report. Further comprehensive and accurate cost estimation should be encouraged including these items. (T. Tanaka)

Security of modified Ping-Pong protocol in noisy and lossy channel.

Science.gov (United States)

Han, Yun-Guang; Yin, Zhen-Qiang; Li, Hong-Wei; Chen, Wei; Wang, Shuang; Guo, Guang-Can; Han, Zheng-Fu

2014-05-12

The "Ping-Pong" (PP) protocol is a two-way quantum key protocol based on entanglement. In this protocol, Bob prepares one maximally entangled pair of qubits, and sends one qubit to Alice. Then, Alice performs some necessary operations on this qubit and sends it back to Bob. Although this protocol was proposed in 2002, its security in the noisy and lossy channel has not been proven. In this report, we add a simple and experimentally feasible modification to the original PP protocol, and prove the security of this modified PP protocol against collective attacks when the noisy and lossy channel is taken into account. Simulation results show that our protocol is practical.

Development and Validation of the Behavioral Avoidance Test-Back Pain (BAT-Back) for Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain.

Science.gov (United States)

Holzapfel, Sebastian; Riecke, Jenny; Rief, Winfried; Schneider, Jessica; Glombiewski, Julia A

2016-11-01

Pain-related fear and avoidance of physical activities are central elements of the fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain. Pain-related fear has typically been measured by self-report instruments. In this study, we developed and validated a Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients with the aim of assessing pain-related avoidance behavior by direct observation. The BAT-Back was administered to a group of CLBP patients (N=97) and pain-free controls (N=31). Furthermore, pain, pain-related fear, disability, catastrophizing, and avoidance behavior were measured using self-report instruments. Reliability was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach α. Validity was assessed by examining correlation and regression analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the BAT-Back avoidance score was r=0.76. Internal consistency was α=0.95. CLBP patients and controls differed significantly on BAT-Back avoidance scores as well as self-report measures. BAT-Back avoidance scores were significantly correlated with scores on each of the self-report measures (rs=0.27 to 0.54). They were not significantly correlated with general anxiety and depression, age, body mass index, and pain duration. The BAT-Back avoidance score was able to capture unique variance in disability after controlling for other variables (eg, pain intensity and pain-related fear). Results indicate that the BAT-Back is a reliable and valid measure of pain-related avoidance behavior. It may be useful for clinicians in tailoring treatments for chronic pain as well as an outcome measure for exposure treatments.

The development and exploratory analysis of the Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ).

Science.gov (United States)

Darlow, Ben; Perry, Meredith; Mathieson, Fiona; Stanley, James; Melloh, Markus; Marsh, Reginald; Baxter, G David; Dowell, Anthony

2014-05-23

To develop an instrument to assess attitudes and underlying beliefs about back pain, and subsequently investigate its internal consistency and underlying structures. The instrument was developed by a multidisciplinary team of clinicians and researchers based on analysis of qualitative interviews with people experiencing acute and chronic back pain. Exploratory analysis was conducted using data from a population-based cross-sectional survey. Qualitative interviews with community-based participants and subsequent postal survey. Instrument development informed by interviews with 12 participants with acute back pain and 11 participants with chronic back pain. Data for exploratory analysis collected from New Zealand residents and citizens aged 18 years and above. 1000 participants were randomly selected from the New Zealand Electoral Roll. 602 valid responses were received. The 34-item Back Pain Attitudes Questionnaire (Back-PAQ) was developed. Internal consistency was evaluated by the Cronbach α coefficient. Exploratory analysis investigated the structure of the data using Principal Component Analysis. The 34-item long form of the scale had acceptable internal consistency (α=0.70; 95% CI 0.66 to 0.73). Exploratory analysis identified five two-item principal components which accounted for 74% of the variance in the reduced data set: 'vulnerability of the back'; 'relationship between back pain and injury'; 'activity participation while experiencing back pain'; 'prognosis of back pain' and 'psychological influences on recovery'. Internal consistency was acceptable for the reduced 10-item scale (α=0.61; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.66) and the identified components (α between 0.50 and 0.78). The 34-item long form of the scale may be appropriate for use in future cross-sectional studies. The 10-item short form may be appropriate for use as a screening tool, or an outcome assessment instrument. Further testing of the 10-item Back-PAQ's construct validity, reliability

Analysis of the End-by-Hop Protocol for Secure Aggregation in Sensor Networks

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zenner, Erik

In order to save bandwidth and thus battery power, sensor network measurements are sometimes aggregated en-route while being reported back to the querying server. Authentication of the measurements then becomes a challenge if message integrity is important for the application. At ESAS 2007, the End......-by-Hop protocol for securing in-network aggregation for sensor nodes was presented. The solution was claimed to be secure and efficient and to provide the possibility of trading off bandwidth against computation time on the server. In this paper, we disprove these claims. We describe several attacks against...... the proposed solution and point out shortcomings in the original complexity analysis. In particular, we show that the proposed solution is inferior to a naive solution without in-network aggregation both in security and in efficiency....

Back Pain in Children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sadi Kayiran ; Sinan Mahir Kayiran;

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Contrary to popular knowledge, back pain is quite frequently seen in children. While very rare in the pre-school age group, frequency reaches 30% in the adolescent period. In many cases, the causes of back pain in childhood cannot be exactly determined and the pain disappears by itself in a short time. It should be remembered that back pain that persists for more than two weeks may be associated with organic causes. Whether or not there have been disruptions in neurological functions should be definitely probed in the medical history. Keeping in mind that back pain could be a part of a systemic disease, a systemic examination should be carried out in cases where there has been long-term back pain. The complaint of childhood back pain should be assessed with a thorough history, a careful physical examination and advanced testing tools. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2011; 10(1.000: 115-118

On the enhancement of the back-to-back two-electron-one photon ionization in molecules

Science.gov (United States)

Amusia, Miron; Drukarev, Eugene

2014-05-01

Recently, the long ago predicted quasi-free mechanism of two-electron photoionization was detected already at relatively low energy photoionization in He. It was observed that some pairs of electrons are leaving the target atom back-to-back, i.e. in opposite direction with almost the same energy. They have opposite spin directions. The cross-section of this process depends upon the probability for a pair of electrons to be close to each other before meeting the incoming photon. Such probability is greatly enhanced in molecules with covalent bonding, like H2. In this and similar molecules the electrons spend an essential part of time being between nuclei and thus screening them from each other. We demonstrate that indeed the back-to-back contribution is much bigger in H2 than in He. We analyze qualitatively some other situations that lead to relative growth of back-to-back contribution. Atoms with electrons with bigger principal quantum numbers have bigger back-to-back contributions. An external pressure applied to molecules forces electrons to be closer to each other. As a result for them the back-to-back contribution can be controllable enhanced.

Bigdata Driven Cloud Security: A Survey

Science.gov (United States)

Raja, K.; Hanifa, Sabibullah Mohamed

2017-08-01

Cloud Computing (CC) is a fast-growing technology to perform massive-scale and complex computing. It eliminates the need to maintain expensive computing hardware, dedicated space, and software. Recently, it has been observed that massive growth in the scale of data or big data generated through cloud computing. CC consists of a front-end, includes the users’ computers and software required to access the cloud network, and back-end consists of various computers, servers and database systems that create the cloud. In SaaS (Software as-a-Service - end users to utilize outsourced software), PaaS (Platform as-a-Service-platform is provided) and IaaS (Infrastructure as-a-Service-physical environment is outsourced), and DaaS (Database as-a-Service-data can be housed within a cloud), where leading / traditional cloud ecosystem delivers the cloud services become a powerful and popular architecture. Many challenges and issues are in security or threats, most vital barrier for cloud computing environment. The main barrier to the adoption of CC in health care relates to Data security. When placing and transmitting data using public networks, cyber attacks in any form are anticipated in CC. Hence, cloud service users need to understand the risk of data breaches and adoption of service delivery model during deployment. This survey deeply covers the CC security issues (covering Data Security in Health care) so as to researchers can develop the robust security application models using Big Data (BD) on CC (can be created / deployed easily). Since, BD evaluation is driven by fast-growing cloud-based applications developed using virtualized technologies. In this purview, MapReduce [12] is a good example of big data processing in a cloud environment, and a model for Cloud providers.

Giving Back: Collaborations with Others in Ecological Studies on the Nevada National Security Site

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Scott A. Wade (NFO); Kathryn S. Knapp (NFO); Cathy A. Wills (NSTec)

2013-02-24

Formerly named the Nevada Test Site, the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) was the historical site for nuclear weapons testing from the 1950s to the early 1990s. The site was renamed in 2010 to reflect the diversity of nuclear, energy, and homeland security activities now conducted at the site. Biological and ecological programs and research have been conducted on the site for decades to address the impacts of radiation and to take advantage of the relatively undisturbed and isolated lands for gathering basic information on the occurrence and distribution of native plants and animals. Currently, the Office of the Assistant Manager for Environmental Management of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) oversees the radiological biota monitoring and ecological compliance programs on the NNSS. The top priority of these programs are compliance with federal and state regulations. They focus on performing radiological dose assessments for the public who reside near the NNSS and for populations of plants and animals on the NNSS and in protecting important species and habitat from direct impacts of mission activities. The NNSS serves as an invaluable outdoor laboratory. The geographic and ecological diversity of the site offers researchers many opportunities to study human influences on ecosystems. NNSA/NSO has pursued collaborations with outside agencies and organizations to be able to conduct programs and studies that enhance radiological biota monitoring and ecosystem preservation when budgets are restrictive, as well as to provide valuable scientific information to the human health and natural resource communities at large. NNSA/NSO is using one current collaborative study to better assess the potential dose to the off-site public from the ingestion of game animals, the most realistic pathway for off-site public exposure at this time from radionuclide contamination on the NNSS. A second

DISPOSSESSION OF ASSETS IN THE NEW ROMANIAN CIVIL CODE. COMPARATIVE LAW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Silvia Cristea

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This article deals with the legal status of pledge, in view of the new romanian civil code. Besides regulation, definition and subject collateral (section 1,2 and 3, the focus of the analysis is on the institution dispossession of assets, which marks the time difference between pledge and mortgage (section 4.Original in the doctrinal approach is the analysis of pledge in different systems of law (French law and Canadian law, in section 5. If the purpose of the legislature was that the Roman civil pledge without dispossession come under the regulation of mortgage securities and dispossession remain at the borders of the Civil Code, we believe that achievement is threatened by the expansion of civilian collateral objectof pledge to the marketable securities, especially over the nominative one (forms synthesized in the conclusions of the article.

Low back pain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buchbinder, Rachelle; van Tulder, Maurits; Öberg, Birgitta

2018-01-01

Low back pain is the leading worldwide cause of years lost to disability and its burden is growing alongside the increasing and ageing population.1 Because these population shifts are more rapid in low-income and middle-income countries, where adequate resources to address the problem might...... not exist, the effects will probably be more extreme in these regions. Most low back pain is unrelated to specific identifiable spinal abnormalities, and our Viewpoint, the third paper in this Lancet Series,2,3 is a call for action on this global problem of low back pain....

A security architecture for the ALICE grid services

CERN Document Server

Schreiner, Steffen; Buchmann, Johannes; Betev, Latchezar; Grigoras, Alina

2012-01-01

Globally distributed research cyberinfrastructures, like the ALICE Grid Services, need to provide traceability and accountability of operations and internal interactions. This document presents a new security architecture for the ALICE Grid Services, allowing to establish non-repudiation with respect to creatorship and ownership of Grid files and jobs. It is based on mutually authenticated and encrypted communication using X.509 Public Key Infrastructure and the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol. Introducing certified Grid file entries and signed Grid jobs by implementing a model of Mediated Definite Delegation it allows to establish long-term accountability concerning Grid jobs and files. Initial submissions as well as any alteration of Grid jobs are becoming verifiable and can be traced back to the originator. The architecture has been implemented as a prototype along with the development of a new central Grid middleware, called jAliEn.

Automated Valuation Model for Livestock Appraisal in Loaning Practice

OpenAIRE

Buzás, Ferenc; Kiss, Sándor

2014-01-01

Actualization of loan security (mortgage) value is of major importance in Hungarian loaning practice. Due to the recession in economics, the value of agricultural portfolio of banks has decreased a great deal, though not to such a great extent as other branches of the economy. Depreciation of estate stock is compensated with additional collateral security. Besides other stock, often temporarily and out of necessity, livestock is presented as additional collateral security. From the loaners’...

Technology Advancement and the CTBT: Taking One Step Back from the Nuclear Brink

Science.gov (United States)

Perry, W. J.

2016-12-01

Technology plays a pivotal role in international nuclear security and technological advancement continues to support a path toward stability. One near-term and readily-obtainable step back from the nuclear brink is the Comprehensive Nuclear-test Ban Treaty (CTBT). The technology to independently verify adherence to the CTBT has matured in the 20 years since the Treaty was opened for signature. Technology has also improved the safety and reliability of the US nuclear stockpile in the absence of testing. Due to these advances over the past two decades neither verification nor stockpiles effectiveness should be an impediment to the Treaty's entry into force. Other technical and geo-political evolution in this same period has changed the perceived benefit of nuclear weapons as instruments of security. Recognizing the change technology has brought to deliberation of nuclear security, nations are encouraged to take this one step away from instability.This presentation will reflect on the history and assumptions that have been used to justify the build-up and configuration of nuclear stockpiles, the changes in technology and conditions that alter the basis of these original assumptions, and the re-analysis of security using current and future assumptions that point to the need for revised nuclear policies. The author has a unique and well informed perspective as both the most senior US Defense Official and a technologist.

Race, Space, and Cumulative Disadvantage: A Case Study of the Subprime Lending Collapse.

Science.gov (United States)

Rugh, Jacob S; Albright, Len; Massey, Douglas S

2015-05-01

In this article, we describe how residential segregation and individual racial disparities generate racialized patterns of subprime lending and lead to financial loss among black borrowers in segregated cities. We conceptualize race as a cumulative disadvantage because of its direct and indirect effects on socioeconomic status at the individual and neighborhood levels, with consequences that reverberate across a borrower's life and between generations. Using Baltimore, Maryland as a case study setting, we combine data from reports filed under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act with additional loan-level data from mortgage-backed securities. We find that race and neighborhood racial segregation are critical factors explaining black disadvantage across successive stages in the process of lending and foreclosure, controlling for differences in borrower credit scores, income, occupancy status, and loan-to-value ratios. We analyze the cumulative cost of predatory lending to black borrowers in terms of reduced disposable income and lost wealth. We find the cost to be substantial. Black borrowers paid an estimated additional 5 to 11 percent in monthly payments and those that completed foreclosure in the sample lost an excess of $2 million in home equity. These costs were magnified in mostly black neighborhoods and in turn heavily concentrated in communities of color. By elucidating the mechanisms that link black segregation to discrimination we demonstrate how processes of cumulative disadvantage continue to undermine black socioeconomic status in the United States today.

Applications of superconducting bolometers in security imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luukanen, A; Leivo, M M; Rautiainen, A; Grönholm, M; Toivanen, H; Grönberg, L; Helistö, P; Mäyrä, A; Aikio, M; Luukanen, A; Grossman, E N

2012-01-01

Millimeter-wave (MMW) imaging systems are currently undergoing deployment World-wide for airport security screening applications. Security screening through MMW imaging is facilitated by the relatively good transmission of these wavelengths through common clothing materials. Given the long wavelength of operation (frequencies between 20 GHz to ∼ 100 GHz, corresponding to wavelengths between 1.5 cm and 3 mm), existing systems are suited for close-range imaging only due to substantial diffraction effects associated with practical aperture diameters. The present and arising security challenges call for systems that are capable of imaging concealed threat items at stand-off ranges beyond 5 meters at near video frame rates, requiring substantial increase in operating frequency in order to achieve useful spatial resolution. The construction of such imaging systems operating at several hundred GHz has been hindered by the lack of submm-wave low-noise amplifiers. In this paper we summarize our efforts in developing a submm-wave video camera which utilizes cryogenic antenna-coupled microbolometers as detectors. Whilst superconducting detectors impose the use of a cryogenic system, we argue that the resulting back-end complexity increase is a favorable trade-off compared to complex and expensive room temperature submm-wave LNAs both in performance and system cost.

Static security-based available transfer capability using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Venkaiah, C.; Vinod Kumar, D.M.

2010-07-01

In a deregulated power system, power transactions between a seller and a buyer can only be scheduled when there is sufficient available transfer capability (ATC). Internet-based, open access same-time information systems (OASIS) provide market participants with ATC information that is continuously updated in real time. Static security-based ATC can be computed for the base case system as well as for the critical line outages of the system. Since critical line outages are based on static security analysis, the computation of static security based ATC using conventional methods is both tedious and time consuming. In this study, static security-based ATC was computed for real-time applications using 3 artificial intelligent methods notably the back propagation algorithm (BPA), the radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). An IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and 75-bus practical system were used to test these 3 different intelligent methods. The results were compared with the conventional full alternating current (AC) load flow method for different transactions.

Static security-based available transfer capability using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Venkaiah, C.; Vinod Kumar, D.M.

2010-01-01

In a deregulated power system, power transactions between a seller and a buyer can only be scheduled when there is sufficient available transfer capability (ATC). Internet-based, open access same-time information systems (OASIS) provide market participants with ATC information that is continuously updated in real time. Static security-based ATC can be computed for the base case system as well as for the critical line outages of the system. Since critical line outages are based on static security analysis, the computation of static security based ATC using conventional methods is both tedious and time consuming. In this study, static security-based ATC was computed for real-time applications using 3 artificial intelligent methods notably the back propagation algorithm (BPA), the radial basis function (RBF) neural network, and the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). An IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS) and 75-bus practical system were used to test these 3 different intelligent methods. The results were compared with the conventional full alternating current (AC) load flow method for different transactions.

31 CFR 545.309 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., real estate and any other interest therein, options, negotiable instruments, trade acceptances... instruments, bankers acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security... or indebtedness, letters of credit and any documents relating to any rights or obligations thereunder...

31 CFR 536.310 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., real estate and any other interest therein, options, negotiable instruments, trade acceptances... instruments, bankers acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security... or indebtedness, letters of credit and any documents relating to any rights or obligations thereunder...

31 CFR 585.304 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., real estate and any other interest therein, options, negotiable instruments, trade acceptances... instruments, bankers acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security... or indebtedness, letters of credit and any documents relating to any rights or obligations thereunder...

31 CFR 588.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., real estate and any other interest therein, options, negotiable instruments, trade acceptances... instruments, bankers acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security... or indebtedness, letters of credit and any documents relating to any rights or obligations thereunder...

31 CFR 598.312 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., real estate and any other interest therein, options, negotiable instruments, trade acceptances... instruments, bankers acceptances, mortgages, pledges, liens or other rights in the nature of security..., or indebtedness, letters of credit and any documents relating to any rights or obligations thereunder...

Page | 155 FLOATING CHARGE: A CHILD OF EQUITABLE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Fr. Ikenga

a floating charge is a security (that is mortgage, lien etc) that has an underlying ..... former were entitled to intervene and enforce their rights under the charge. .... Bridgend County Borough Council (2002) 1 AC 336; 352; and Tompkins J in ...

Principles of land debt as a kind of real collateral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pavićević Aleksandra

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The issue of the work is an analysis of characteristics of land debt, known as non-accessory real right securing claims in German and Swiss law. Using the method of comparative analysis of the characteristics of this property right, author determines the similarities and differences of land debt in relation to similar types of rights, in particular in relation to a mortgage, as most similar security right, from the group of liens. Since the Draft Code of ownership and other property real rights in Serbia in 2006. proposed the introduction of real debt in Serbian law, the author of the paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of this concept in order to evaluate this assessment.. As an essential difference to the lien, the author defines the non-accessory character of land debt and multifunctional purpose. The author advocates the introduction of institute of land debt in future Serbian law, as the original non-accessory real security right (sui generis that represents functional addittion to accessory mortgage.

National status report: Home energy rating systems and energy-efficient mortgages

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Plympton, P.

2000-04-27

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 included several provisions promoting the use of HERS and EEMs, which strengthened efforts to develop a national infrastructure for HERS and to promote the use of EEMs. This report documents HERS and EEMs activities since 1992 by the U.S. Department of Energy, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, mortgage lenders, and other organizations. Though the process of establishing HERS has faced some barriers, this report shows that, as of November 1999, home energy ratings were available in 47 states and the District of Columbia, which represents a significant increase from 1993 when home energy ratings were available in 17 states. Both national and state organizations have developed HERS and related residential energy-efficiency programs. The availability and use of EEMs has also increased significantly. The number of EEMs supported by the Federal Housing Administration has increased more than eight times in the last three years. More than $2.5 billion in federally supported EEMs have been issued to date. Several national lenders offer EEMs, and six states have state-specific EEM or loan programs. EEMs have been used to finance energy-efficient homes in every state.

Power flow controller with a fractionally rated back-to-back converter

Science.gov (United States)

Divan, Deepakraj M.; Kandula, Rajendra Prasad; Prasai, Anish

2016-03-08

A power flow controller with a fractionally rated back-to-back (BTB) converter is provided. The power flow controller provide dynamic control of both active and reactive power of a power system. The power flow controller inserts a voltage with controllable magnitude and phase between two AC sources at the same frequency; thereby effecting control of active and reactive power flows between the two AC sources. A transformer may be augmented with a fractionally rated bi-directional Back to Back (BTB) converter. The fractionally rated BTB converter comprises a transformer side converter (TSC), a direct-current (DC) link, and a line side converter (LSC). By controlling the switches of the BTB converter, the effective phase angle between the two AC source voltages may be regulated, and the amplitude of the voltage inserted by the power flow controller may be adjusted with respect to the AC source voltages.

Spring-back of flexible roll forming bending process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Y; Kim, D H; Jung, D W

2015-01-01

Simulations are now widely used in the field of roll forming because of their convenience. Simulations provide a low cost, secure and fast analysis tool. Flexible roll forming provides the desired shapes with a one time forming process. For roll forming, the velocity of the sheet and friction are important factors to attain an ideal shape. Because it is a complicated process, simulations provide a better understanding of the roll forming process. Simulations were peformed using ABAQUS software linked to elastic-plastic modules which we developed taking into account of interactions between these fields [1]. The application of this method makes it possible to highlight the strain-stress and mechanical behaviour laws and the spring-back. Thus, the flexible roll forming and bending process can be well described by the simulation software and guide the actual machine. (paper)

Fall Back Equilibrium

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kleppe, J.; Borm, P.E.M.; Hendrickx, R.L.P.

2008-01-01

Fall back equilibrium is a refinement of the Nash equilibrium concept. In the underly- ing thought experiment each player faces the possibility that, after all players decided on their action, his chosen action turns out to be blocked. Therefore, each player has to decide beforehand on a back-up

Tweeting back: predicting new cases of back pain with mass social media data.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Hopin; McAuley, James H; Hübscher, Markus; Allen, Heidi G; Kamper, Steven J; Moseley, G Lorimer

2016-05-01

Back pain is a global health problem. Recent research has shown that risk factors that are proximal to the onset of back pain might be important targets for preventive interventions. Rapid communication through social media might be useful for delivering timely interventions that target proximal risk factors. Identifying individuals who are likely to discuss back pain on Twitter could provide useful information to guide online interventions. We used a case-crossover study design for a sample of 742 028 tweets about back pain to quantify the risks associated with a new tweet about back pain. The odds of tweeting about back pain just after tweeting about selected physical, psychological, and general health factors were 1.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.80-1.85), 1.85 (95% CI: 1.83-1.88), and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.27-1.30), respectively. These findings give directions for future research that could use social media for innovative public health interventions. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The role of the health physicist in nuclear security.

Science.gov (United States)

Waller, Edward J; van Maanen, Jim

2015-04-01

Health physics is a recognized safety function in the holistic context of the protection of workers, members of the public, and the environment against the hazardous effects of ionizing radiation, often generically designated as radiation protection. The role of the health physicist as protector dates back to the Manhattan Project. Nuclear security is the prevention and detection of, and response to, criminal or intentional unauthorized acts involving or directed at nuclear material, other radioactive material, associated facilities, or associated activities. Its importance has become more visible and pronounced in the post 9/11 environment, and it has a shared purpose with health physics in the context of protection of workers, members of the public, and the environment. However, the duties and responsibilities of the health physicist in the nuclear security domain are neither clearly defined nor recognized, while a fundamental understanding of nuclear phenomena in general, nuclear or other radioactive material specifically, and the potential hazards related to them is required for threat assessment, protection, and risk management. Furthermore, given the unique skills and attributes of professional health physicists, it is argued that the role of the health physicist should encompass all aspects of nuclear security, ranging from input in the development to implementation and execution of an efficient and effective nuclear security regime. As such, health physicists should transcend their current typical role as consultants in nuclear security issues and become fully integrated and recognized experts in the nuclear security domain and decision making process. Issues regarding the security clearances of health physics personnel and the possibility of insider threats must be addressed in the same manner as for other trusted individuals; however, the net gain from recognizing and integrating health physics expertise in all levels of a nuclear security regime far

Overtreating chronic back pain: time to back off?

Science.gov (United States)

Deyo, Richard A; Mirza, Sohail K; Turner, Judith A; Martin, Brook I

2009-01-01

Chronic back pain is among the most common patient complaints. Its prevalence and impact have spawned a rapidly expanding range of tests and treatments. Some of these have become widely used for indications that are not well validated, leading to uncertainty about efficacy and safety, increasing complication rates, and marketing abuses. Recent studies document a 629% increase in Medicare expenditures for epidural steroid injections; a 423% increase in expenditures for opioids for back pain; a 307% increase in the number of lumbar magnetic resonance images among Medicare beneficiaries; and a 220% increase in spinal fusion surgery rates. The limited studies available suggest that these increases have not been accompanied by population-level improvements in patient outcomes or disability rates. We suggest a need for a better understanding of the basic science of pain mechanisms, more rigorous and independent trials of many treatments, a stronger regulatory stance toward approval and post-marketing surveillance of new drugs and devices for chronic pain, and a chronic disease model for managing chronic back pain.

Sources and mitigation of interharmonics in back-to-back controllable drives

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Soltani, Hamid; Loh, Poh Chiang; Blaabjerg, Frede

2014-01-01

for the sources, leading to undistorted grid currents, which are growingly important as more drives are tied to the grid. It is shown that in the case of back-to-back controllable drives it is possible to reduce the input current interharmonic distortion caused by motor current imbalance....

Trajectories of low back pain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Axén, Iben; Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte

2013-01-01

Low back pain is not a self-limiting problem, but rather a recurrent and sometimes persistent disorder. To understand the course over time, detailed investigation, preferably using repeated measurements over extended periods of time, is needed. New knowledge concerning short-term trajectories...... indicates that the low back pain 'episode' is short lived, at least in the primary care setting, with most patients improving. Nevertheless, in the long term, low back pain often runs a persistent course with around two-thirds of patients estimated to be in pain after 12 months. Some individuals never have...... low back pain, but most have it on and off or persistently. Thus, the low back pain 'condition' is usually a lifelong experience. However, subgroups of patients with different back pain trajectories have been identified and linked to clinical parameters. Further investigation is warranted...

78 FR 56970 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-16

... to finance purchases of homes, commercial buildings and other real estate. The individual mortgage... Statement, generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is...: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar...

76 FR 66950 - Privacy Act; Notice of Revision of System of Records, the Single Family Housing Enterprise Data...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-10-28

... Family Mortgage Asset Recovery Technology System (SMART) 5. A80S--Single Family Acquired Assets..., inclusive communities and quality affordable homes. This notice deletes and supersedes prior notice..., address, date of birth, home address, and social security number; racial/ethnic background, if disclosed...

7 CFR 1718.50 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1718.50 Section 1718.50 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN SECURITY DOCUMENTS FOR ELECTRIC BORROWERS Mortgage for Distribution Borrowers § 1718.50...

When Your Back Hurts: Don't Let Back Pain Knock You Flat

Science.gov (United States)

... Your Back Hurts Don’t Let Back Pain Knock You Flat En español Send us your comments ... Complementary Health Approaches Halt the Hurt! References The SPORT Value Compass: Do the Extra Costs of Undergoing ...

Computationally Efficient Neural Network Intrusion Security Awareness

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Todd Vollmer; Milos Manic

2009-08-01

An enhanced version of an algorithm to provide anomaly based intrusion detection alerts for cyber security state awareness is detailed. A unique aspect is the training of an error back-propagation neural network with intrusion detection rule features to provide a recognition basis. Network packet details are subsequently provided to the trained network to produce a classification. This leverages rule knowledge sets to produce classifications for anomaly based systems. Several test cases executed on ICMP protocol revealed a 60% identification rate of true positives. This rate matched the previous work, but 70% less memory was used and the run time was reduced to less than 1 second from 37 seconds.

A new fabrication technique for back-to-back varactor diodes

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, R. Peter; Choudhury, Debabani; Martin, Suzanne; Frerking, Margaret A.; Liu, John K.; Grunthaner, Frank A.

1992-01-01

A new varactor diode process has been developed in which much of the processing is done from the back of an extremely thin semiconductor wafer laminated to a low-dielectric substrate. Back-to-back BNN diodes were fabricated with this technique; excellent DC and low-frequency capacitance measurements were obtained. Advantages of the new technique relative to other techniques include greatly reduced frontside wafer damage from exposure to process chemicals, improved capability to integrate devices (e.g. for antenna patterns, transmission lines, or wafer-scale grids), and higher line yield. BNN diodes fabricated with this technique exhibit approximately the expected capacitance-voltage characteristics while showing leakage currents under 10 mA at voltages three times that needed to deplete the varactor. This leakage is many orders of magnitude better than comparable Schottky diodes.

Inclusive HRM and employment security for disabled people: An interdisciplinary approach

OpenAIRE

Borghouts - van de Pas, Irmgard; Freese, Charissa

2017-01-01

Many countries struggle with non-participation of vulnerable groups. Countries give priority to Active Labour Market Policies (ALMP) to help unemployed and disabled people get back to work, preferably in regular employment. In recent years, some innovative policies have tried to involve employers. There seems to be a paradox between desired social policy outcomes, such as getting people out of social security into regular jobs, and preferred Strategic HRM outcomes, such as being a highly prod...

Security research roadmap; Security-tutkimuksen roadmap

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naumanen, M.; Rouhiainen, V. (eds.)

2006-02-15

Requirements for increasing security have arisen in Europe after highly visible and tragic events in Madrid and in London. While responsibility for security rests largely with the national activities, the EU has also started planning a research area .Space and security. as a part of the 7th Framework Programme. As the justification for this research area it has been presented that technology alone can not assure security, but security can not be assured without the support of technology. Furthermore, the justification highlights that security and military research are becoming ever closer. The old separation between civil and military research is decreasing, because it has been noticed that both areas are nowadays utilising the same knowledge. In Finland, there is already now noteworthy entrepreneurship related to security. Although some of the companies are currently only operating in Finland, others are already international leaders in their area. The importance of the security area is increasing and remarkable potential for new growth business areas can already be identified. This however also requires an increase in research efforts. VTT has a broad range of security research ongoing in many technology areas. The main areas have been concentrating on public safety and security, but VTT is participating also in several research projects related to the defence technology. For identifying and defining in more detail the expertise and research goals, the Security research roadmap was developed. The roadmap identified three particularly significant areas related to security. The assurance of critical infrastructure emphasises the protection of energy networks, information networks, water supply, traffic and transport, and obviously also the citizens. For assuring the activities of entrepreneurship, significant areas include the security of production and services, the security of sites and assets, and information security for embedded systems. The most important

Push-Back Leadership.

Science.gov (United States)

Tetenbaum, Toby J.; Tetenbaum, Hilary

2003-01-01

Describes push-back leadership, a model of leadership based on the work of Ronald Heifetz and Martin Linksky. Argues that the two key roles of the leader are to give the work back to people and to keep them within a healthy range of disequilibrium that generates creativity and innovation to solve organizational problems. (Author/LRW)

INFORMATION SYSTEM SECURITY (CYBER SECURITY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Siddique Ansari

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract - Business Organizations and Government unequivocally relies on upon data to deal with their business operations. The most unfavorable impact on association is disappointment of friendship, goodness, trustworthiness, legitimacy and probability of data and administrations. There is an approach to ensure data and to deal with the IT framework's Security inside association. Each time the new innovation is made, it presents some new difficulties for the insurance of information and data. To secure the information and data in association is imperative on the grounds that association nowadays inside and remotely joined with systems of IT frameworks. IT structures are inclined to dissatisfaction and security infringement because of slips and vulnerabilities. These slips and vulnerabilities can be brought on by different variables, for example, quickly creating headway, human slip, poor key particulars, poor movement schedules or censuring the threat. Likewise, framework changes, new deserts and new strikes are a huge piece of the time displayed, which helpers augmented vulnerabilities, disappointments and security infringement all through the IT structure life cycle. The business went to the confirmation that it is essentially difficult to ensure a slip free, risk free and secure IT structure in perspective of the disfigurement of the disavowing security parts, human pass or oversight, and part or supplies frustration. Totally secure IT frameworks don't exist; just those in which the holders may have changing degrees of certainty that security needs of a framework are fulfilled do. The key viewpoints identified with security of data outlining are examined in this paper. From the start, the paper recommends pertinent legitimate structure and their duties including open association obligation, and afterward it returns to present and future time, system limits, structure security in business division. At long last, two key inadequacy markers

[Biofuels, food security and transgenic crops].

Science.gov (United States)

Acosta, Orlando; Chaparro-Giraldo, Alejandro

2009-01-01

Soaring global food prices are threatening to push more poor people back below the poverty line; this will probably become aggravated by the serious challenge that increasing population and climate changes are posing for food security. There is growing evidence that human activities involving fossil fuel consumption and land use are contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and consequently changing the climate worldwide. The finite nature of fossil fuel reserves is causing concern about energy security and there is a growing interest in the use of renewable energy sources such as biofuels. There is growing concern regarding the fact that biofuels are currently produced from food crops, thereby leading to an undesirable competition for their use as food and feed. Nevertheless, biofuels can be produced from other feedstocks such as lingo-cellulose from perennial grasses, forestry and vegetable waste. Biofuel energy content should not be exceeded by that of the fossil fuel invested in its production to ensure that it is energetically sustainable; however, biofuels must also be economically competitive and environmentally acceptable. Climate change and biofuels are challenging FAO efforts aimed at eradicating hunger worldwide by the next decade. Given that current crops used in biofuel production have not been domesticated for this purpose, transgenic technology can offer an enormous contribution towards improving biofuel crops' environmental and economic performance. The present paper critically presents some relevant relationships between biofuels, food security and transgenic plant technology.

Alternative Packaging for Back-Illuminated Imagers

Science.gov (United States)

Pain, Bedabrata

2009-01-01

An alternative scheme has been conceived for packaging of silicon-based back-illuminated, back-side-thinned complementary metal oxide/semiconductor (CMOS) and charge-coupled-device image-detector integrated circuits, including an associated fabrication process. This scheme and process are complementary to those described in "Making a Back-Illuminated Imager With Back-Side Connections" (NPO-42839), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 7 (July 2008), page 38. To avoid misunderstanding, it should be noted that in the terminology of imaging integrated circuits, "front side" or "back side" does not necessarily refer to the side that, during operation, faces toward or away from a source of light or other object to be imaged. Instead, "front side" signifies that side of a semiconductor substrate upon which the pixel pattern and the associated semiconductor devices and metal conductor lines are initially formed during fabrication, and "back side" signifies the opposite side. If the imager is of the type called "back-illuminated," then the back side is the one that faces an object to be imaged. Initially, a back-illuminated, back-side-thinned image-detector is fabricated with its back side bonded to a silicon handle wafer. At a subsequent stage of fabrication, the front side is bonded to a glass wafer (for mechanical support) and the silicon handle wafer is etched away to expose the back side. The frontside integrated circuitry includes metal input/output contact pads, which are rendered inaccessible by the bonding of the front side to the glass wafer. Hence, one of the main problems is to make the input/output contact pads accessible from the back side, which is ultimately to be the side accessible to the external world. The present combination of an alternative packaging scheme and associated fabrication process constitute a solution of the problem.

Security preparation for receipt of SNF from the FRR to the INEEL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dahlquist, R.L.

1997-01-01

This paper reports the key security related activities associated with the FRR shipment. Starting with transportation of the SNF in the country of origin to the final destination at the INEEL. Methodology for compliance will be addressed. The graded approach and a three step system will be explained. This paper will be used as part of the planning to support the FRR Project for returning the Asia and European SNF back to the US

The Failure of Lehman Brothers and Merril Lynch: A Lesson for the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Also the conventional lending procedures were not instituted rather they depend on subprime mortgage arrangement that did not have collateral securities. The declining home prices had made refinancing more difficult as a result of inadequate innovations in securitization. We therefore, recommended that the regulatory ...

20 CFR 416.1133 - What is a pro rata share of household operating expenses.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is a pro rata share of household operating expenses. 416.1133 Section 416.1133 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... total monthly expenditures for food, rent, mortgage, property taxes, heating fuel, gas, electricity...

31 CFR 587.308 - Property; property interest.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any other interest therein, options... or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, trust receipts, bills...

31 CFR 597.302 - Assets.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

..., stocks on hand, ships, goods on ships, real estate mortgages, deeds of trust, vendors' sales agreements, land contracts, leaseholds, ground rents, real estate and any other interest therein, options... or other rights in the nature of security, warehouse receipts, bills of lading, trust receipts, bills...

Giving Back: Collaborations with Others in Ecological Studies on the Nevada National Security Site - 13058

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wade, Scott A.; Knapp, Kathryn S.; Wills, Cathy A.

2013-01-01

Formerly named the Nevada Test Site, the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) was the historical site for nuclear weapons testing from the 1950's to the early 1990's. The site was renamed in 2010 to reflect the diversity of nuclear, energy, and homeland security activities now conducted at the site. Biological and ecological programs and research have been conducted on the site for decades to address the impacts of radiation and to take advantage of the relatively undisturbed and isolated lands for gathering basic information on the occurrence and distribution of native plants and animals. Currently, the Office of the Assistant Manager for Environmental Management of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) oversees the radiological biota monitoring and ecological compliance programs on the NNSS. The top priority of these programs are compliance with federal and state regulations. They focus on performing radiological dose assessments for the public who reside near the NNSS and for populations of plants and animals on the NNSS and in protecting important species and habitat from direct impacts of mission activities. The NNSS serves as an invaluable outdoor laboratory. The geographic and ecological diversity of the site offers researchers many opportunities to study human influences on ecosystems. NNSA/NSO has pursued collaborations with outside agencies and organizations to be able to conduct programs and studies that enhance radiological biota monitoring and ecosystem preservation when budgets are restrictive, as well as to provide valuable scientific information to the human health and natural resource communities at large. NNSA/NSO is using one current collaborative study to better assess the potential dose to the off-site public from the ingestion of game animals, the most realistic pathway for off-site public exposure at this time from radionuclide contamination on the NNSS. A second

Giving Back: Collaborations with Others in Ecological Studies on the Nevada National Security Site - 13058

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wade, Scott A.; Knapp, Kathryn S. [U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Agency, Nevada Site Office, P.O. Box 98518, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8518 (United States); Wills, Cathy A. [National Nuclear Security Technologies, LLC, P.O. Box 98521, M/S 260, Las Vegas, NV 89193-8521 (United States)

2013-07-01

Formerly named the Nevada Test Site, the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS) was the historical site for nuclear weapons testing from the 1950's to the early 1990's. The site was renamed in 2010 to reflect the diversity of nuclear, energy, and homeland security activities now conducted at the site. Biological and ecological programs and research have been conducted on the site for decades to address the impacts of radiation and to take advantage of the relatively undisturbed and isolated lands for gathering basic information on the occurrence and distribution of native plants and animals. Currently, the Office of the Assistant Manager for Environmental Management of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), National Nuclear Security Administration Nevada Site Office (NNSA/NSO) oversees the radiological biota monitoring and ecological compliance programs on the NNSS. The top priority of these programs are compliance with federal and state regulations. They focus on performing radiological dose assessments for the public who reside near the NNSS and for populations of plants and animals on the NNSS and in protecting important species and habitat from direct impacts of mission activities. The NNSS serves as an invaluable outdoor laboratory. The geographic and ecological diversity of the site offers researchers many opportunities to study human influences on ecosystems. NNSA/NSO has pursued collaborations with outside agencies and organizations to be able to conduct programs and studies that enhance radiological biota monitoring and ecosystem preservation when budgets are restrictive, as well as to provide valuable scientific information to the human health and natural resource communities at large. NNSA/NSO is using one current collaborative study to better assess the potential dose to the off-site public from the ingestion of game animals, the most realistic pathway for off-site public exposure at this time from radionuclide contamination on the NNSS. A second

Low back pain - chronic

Science.gov (United States)

... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007422.htm Low back pain - chronic To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Low back pain refers to pain that you feel in your ...

African Security Challenges: Now and Over the Horizon - Voices from the NGO Community

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-01

economies will have a tendency to shift back to dependence on unskilled sectors such as mining, black -market or informal trading and international aid...PEPFAR Watch. Pepfarwatch.org. Rice , A. 2007. “An African Solution.” Nation, June 11. Voices from the NGO Community - 5.19 - African Security...oversight role in this area by parliaments, regardless of formal mandates, roles and responsibilities. In order to avoid the risk of cosmetic changes

Imaging in mechanical back pain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Bjarke Brandt; Hansen, Philip; Carrino, John A

2016-01-01

Low back pain is common and relates to a variety of overlapping pathologies. Within the last few decades, almost every medical imaging modality has been applied in the evaluation of low back pain. Imaging of the spine has a high priority in the assessment of patients with low back pain, who seem ...

The Front Office–Back Office Model: Supporting Research Data Management in the Netherlands

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ingrid Dillo

2014-10-01

Full Text Available High quality and timely data management and secure storage of data, both during and after completion of research, are an essential prerequisite for sharing that data. It is therefore crucial that universities and research institutions themselves formulate a clear policy on data management within their organization. For the implementation of this data management policy, high quality support for researchers and an adequate technical infrastructure are indispensable. This practice paper will present an overview of the merging federated data infrastructure in the Netherlands with its front office – back office model, as a use case of an efficient and effective national support infrastructure for researchers. We will elaborate on the stakeholders involved, on the services they offer each other, and on the benefits of this model not only for the front and back offices themselves, but also for the researchers. We will also pay attention to a number of challenges that we are facing, like the implementation of a technical infrastructure for automatic data ingest and integrating access to research data.

Facilitated pronociceptive pain mechanisms in radiating back pain compared with localized back pain

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vaegter, Henrik Bjarke; Palsson, Thorvaldur Skuli; Graven-Nielsen, Thomas

2017-01-01

Facilitated pain mechanisms and impaired pain inhibition are often found in chronic pain patients. This study compared clinical pain profiles, pain sensitivity, as well as pro-nociceptive and anti-nociceptive mechanisms in patients with localized low back pain (n=18), localized neck pain (n=17......), low back and radiating leg pain (n=18), or neck and radiating arm pain (n=17). It was hypothesized that patients with radiating pain had facilitated pain mechanisms and impaired pain inhibition compared with localized pain patients. Cuff algometry was performed on the non-painful lower leg to assess...... threshold (HPT) at the non-painful hand were also assessed. Clinical pain intensity, psychological distress, and disability were assessed with questionnaires. TSP was increased in patients with radiating back pain compared with localized back pain (Ppain or localized low...

20 CFR 404.1242 - Back pay.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Back pay. 404.1242 Section 404.1242 Employees... Prior to 1987 § 404.1242 Back pay. (a) Back pay defined. Back pay is pay received in one period of time... an employer. It includes pay made under Federal or State laws intended to create an employment...

75 FR 11589 - Order Extending Temporary Exemptions Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in Connection with...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-11

... (``Fannie Mae''), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (``Freddie Mac'') or the Government National... the areas set forth in the Commission's Automation Review Policy Statements \\17\\ and its annual...

A network security situation prediction model based on wavelet neural network with optimized parameters

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haibo Zhang

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The security incidents ion networks are sudden and uncertain, it is very hard to precisely predict the network security situation by traditional methods. In order to improve the prediction accuracy of the network security situation, we build a network security situation prediction model based on Wavelet Neural Network (WNN with optimized parameters by the Improved Niche Genetic Algorithm (INGA. The proposed model adopts WNN which has strong nonlinear ability and fault-tolerance performance. Also, the parameters for WNN are optimized through the adaptive genetic algorithm (GA so that WNN searches more effectively. Considering the problem that the adaptive GA converges slowly and easily turns to the premature problem, we introduce a novel niche technology with a dynamic fuzzy clustering and elimination mechanism to solve the premature convergence of the GA. Our final simulation results show that the proposed INGA-WNN prediction model is more reliable and effective, and it achieves faster convergence-speed and higher prediction accuracy than the Genetic Algorithm-Wavelet Neural Network (GA-WNN, Genetic Algorithm-Back Propagation Neural Network (GA-BPNN and WNN.