Experimental study of superconductivity induced by proximity effects; Etude experimentale de la supraconductivite induite par effets de proximite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martinet, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-11-15

We present a study of the proximity effects between a superconductor (InBi or PbBi alloys) and a 'normal' metal (Zn or Sn respectively, above their critical temperature) using essentially the tunneling techniques. On the N side, some specific properties of such an induced superconductivity are described: linear variation of the pair potential near the critical temperature of the binary layer, T{sub CNS}; reduced energy scale at T{sub CNS}; evidence of a thermodynamic critical field (called breakdown field) presented by N above its critical temperature. On the S side, we study crossing from a gapless to a quasi gapless regime. This gives a proof of a finite coherence length at T{sub CNS}. Experimental details (in particular about the preparation and measurement of tunneling junctions) are given in annexe. Possible applications are suggested. (author) [French] Nous presentons une etude experimentale des effets de proximite entre un supraconducteur (alliages d'InBi ou de PbBi) et un metal 'normal' (Zn ou Sn respectivement, pris au-dessus de leur temperature critique), en utilisant principalement des mesures d'effet tunnel. Du cote N, on met en evidence des proprietes specifiques de cette supraconductivite induite: comportement lineaire du potentiel de paires pres de la temperature critique du bilame, T{sub CNS}; echelle d'energie reduite a T{sub CNS}; apparition d'un champ critique thermodynamique (appele champ de basculement) dans N au-dessus de sa temperature critique. Du cote S, nous etudions le passage continu d'une situation 'sans bande interdite' a basse temperature et en champ fort, a une situation 'pratiquement sans bande interdite' pres de T{sub CNS} en champ nul. Ceci fournit une preuve de la non divergence de la longueur de coherence a T{sub CNS}. Les techniques experimentales (et en particulier la preparation et la mesure de jonctions tunnel) sont decrites en detail dans une annexe. On envisage des applications pratiques possibles. (auteur)

Treatment of effluent at the Saclay Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires (1960); Le traitement des effluents du Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (1960)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wormser, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

The Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires at Saclay possesses several installations from which liquid radioactive effluent is rejected, and it has thus been found necessary to construct a station for the purification of radioactive liquids and to settle various chemical, analytical and technological problems. This report describes, in the following order: - the disposal possibilities at the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires, Saclay, - the effluents produced at the centre, - the set-up for collecting effluent, - treatment of the effluent, - results of these treatments. (author) [French] La presence, au Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, de plusieurs installations susceptibles de rejeter des effluents liquides radioactifs a necessite la construction d'une station d'epuration d'eaux radioactives et la mise au point de differents problemes chimiques, analytiques et technologiques. Dans ce rapport, nous exposerons successivement: - les possibilites de rejet du Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, - les effluents du centre, - le dispositif de collecte des effluents, - le traitement de ces effluents, - les resultats de ces traitements. (auteur)

A Feminist Critique of Solution-Focused Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Dermer, Shannon B.; Hemesath, Crystal Wilhite; Russell, Candyce S.

1998-01-01

Applying the feminist critique to solution-focused therapy highlights the strengths and weaknesses of this model from a feminist perspective. Although solution-focused therapy and feminist approaches share an emphasis on competence and strengths, solution-focused theory tends to overlook gender and power differences. In general, the model falls…

Essentialism, hybridism and cultural critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Frello, Birgitta

2007-01-01

to social and cultural critique. Through a critical discussion of the concept of hybridity, I argue that rather than expecting to find definite emancipating or suppressing capacities connected to constructions of the ‘hybrid' and the ‘pure', we should focus on how these two poles are invested with meaning...... and related to power. Hence, while insisting on Cultural Studies' commitment to social and cultural critique, I argue that this critique would benefit from an analytical sensitivity towards the uses and abuses of the discursive power to designate meaningful and legitimate subject positions, rather than...

Retour sur les critiques anarchistes du marxisme

OpenAIRE

Angaut , Jean-Christophe

2013-01-01

There is a tendency evident in the various strands of contemporary anarchism to ignore both Marx, Marxism and the history of Marxism, and the critiques formulated by the anarchist tradition. Against this tendency, the aim of the present article is to emphasize both the contemporary relevance of these critiques and the contribution of Marxism to a radical critique of all forms of domination. It therefore recalls the role played by the critique of Marxism in the elaboration of the anarchist mov...

Dance Critique as Signature Pedagogy

Science.gov (United States)

Kearns, Lauren

2017-01-01

The curriculum of preprofessional university degree programs in dance typically comprise four components: theory and history, dance technique, creative process, and performance. This article focuses on critique in the modern dance technique and choreography components of the dance curriculum. Bachelor of Fine Arts programs utilize critique as a…

Feminist Critiques Against Traditional Approaches to Security

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Petrus Kanisius Farneubun, P.

Feminists claim that national security is a model of masculinity domination, which hardly disputed This essay addresses feminists critique on notion of conventional security and provides feminists own definition. It shows that feminists adopt comprehensive approach in relation to security. They tend

Study of the critical scattering of neutrons by iron; Etude de la diffusion critique des neutrons par le fer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Galula, M; Jacrot, B; Mangin, J P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France)

1959-07-01

The critical scattering of very slow neutrons by iron near critical point is measured by time of flight techniques. The VAN HOVE formula is verified and the geometrical parameters K{sub 1} et r{sub 1} introduced in this theory are determined. (author) [French] On etudie la diffusion critique des neutrons tres lents par le fer dans la region du point de Curie par une methode de temps de vol. On verifie la formule de VAN HOVE et on determine les parametres geometriques K{sub 1} et r{sub 1} introduit par ce dernier. (auteur)

PENULISAN ETUDE-ETUDE MUSIK TALEMPONG UNGGAN (Sebuah Usaha Pembelajaran Musik Tradisi Berbasis Literatur

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asri MK

2014-12-01

Full Text Available “Talempong unggan”, a traditional music from Minangkabau community particularly in Unggan, Sumpur Kudus, Sijunjung Regency, West Sumatera Indonesia is classified into genre of “talempong duduak” (rea. Due to its special musical concept and the playing technics, this traditional music is selected as a practising course in the Karawitan Department of Indonesian Institute of Art (ISI Padang Panjang since 1993 till now. In a system of class learning with many students, Talempong Unggan definitely needs supporting methods and learning technics suitable for the course where the students can reach their maximum skills. All the melody of “talempong unggan” that has been made as a material of practice is transcribed to the system of numeric notation and rhythm motive of “gendang” and “aguang” which is written into signs and special notation. All of qualitative data is formulated into finding methods, technics and etude of learning ensamble of Talempong Unggan the traditional music that learned in Karawitan Department of ISI Padang Panjang. Key words: Talempong Unggan, Methods, Technics, Etude

The Crisis of Critique in Critical Management Studies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lystbæk, Christian Tang

both directions and employ both conceptions in their critique. Critique should not ignore one of the dual aims. Hence, my paper will point toward a Third Wave of critical management studies, addressing the question (or quest) whether the fundamental tension between Normativity and Contextuality can......Generally speaking, critical management studies are based upon a critique of customary conceptions of management for being reductionist and carrying implicit, unrecognized (problematic) assumptions. This conceptual paper argues, however, that this holds for critical management studies too: Critical...... management studies are equally based upon reductionist, problematic assumptions regarding the conception of, not management, but critique. Thus, this paper identifies a crisis in critical management studies in terms of simplified accounts of critique. There has been and still is a rough dividing line between...

MAIN PROBLEMS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL CRITIQUE OF RELIGION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jowita Guja

2009-01-01

Full Text Available The paper is a synthetic overview of main problems of the philosophical critique of religion. In the beginning I identify and characterize three general threads of the critique: the enlightenment, the alienational and the thread which focuses on the problem of theodicy. The greater part of my article is devoted to the alienational critique of religion n its two types: atheistic (Feuerbach, Marx, Freud, Nietzsche, Sartre and theistic (Barth. The subjects of my analysis are the sources and foundations of the alienational critique of religion and the most important problems implied by it: the essence of religion, the ideal of the irreligious man, the prospect to remove religion. The analysis presents troubles and confusions connected to these subjects: they emerge in atheistic type of alienational critique of religion.

Public Policy and Foucaultian Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Karlsen, Mads Peter; Villadsen, Kaspar

2012-01-01

This article suggests that certain intertwinements can be discerned between contemporary public policies and post-structural thinking, emblematically represented by Foucault and scholars drawing upon his work. The article demonstrates that the post-structural perspective on power, while recognising...... its strengths and efficacy, confines observers to a particular form of analytical critique, which sets specific limits for what can be observed and debated. The position of Nikolas Rose is discussed with a specific attention to his diagnosis of the adoption of ‘community’ as a governmental category...... and his understanding of the relationship between power and critique. A significant challenge for this form of critique is the recent embracing of concepts of ‘diversity’ and ‘pluralism’, both in welfare reforms and service arrangements. Another difficulty is posed by how to engage with the material...

Objectifying user critique. A means of continuous quality assurance for physician discharge letter composition.

Science.gov (United States)

Oschem, M; Mahler, V; Prokosch, H U

2011-01-01

The aim of this study is to objectify user critique rendering it usable for quality assurance. Based on formative and summative evaluation results we strive to promote software improvements; in our case, the physician discharge letter composition process at the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Germany. We developed a novel six-step approach to objectify user critique: 1) acquisition of user critique using subjectivist methods, 2) creation of a workflow model, 3) definition of hypothesis and indicators, 4) measuring of indicators, 5) analyzing results, 6) optimization of the system regarding both subjectivist and objectivist evaluation results. In particular, we derived indicators and workflows directly from user critique/narratives. The identified indicators were mapped onto workflow activities, creating a link between user critique and the evaluated system. Users criticized a new discharge letter system as "too slow" and "too labor-intensive" in comparison with the previously used system. In a stepwise approach we collected subjective user critique, derived a comprehensive process model including deviations and deduced a set of five indicators for objectivist evaluation: processing time, system-related waiting time, number of mouse clicks, number of keyboard inputs, and throughput time. About 3500 measurements have been performed to compare the workflow-steps of both systems, regarding 20 discharge letters. Although the difference of the mean total processing time between both systems was statistically insignificant (2011.7 s vs. 1971.5 s; p = 0.457), we detected a significant difference in waiting times (101.8 s vs. 37.2 s; p quality assurance. To our knowledge no previous study in medical informatics mapped user critique onto workflow steps. Subjectivist analysis prompted us to use the indicator system-related waiting time for the objectivist study, which was rarely done before. We consider combining subjectivist and objectivist methods

Under the Gaze of Double Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sabih, Joshua

2015-01-01

of the theory of double critique: decolonisation, desacralisation and the orphan book are operative in Ḫaṭībī´s analysis of Orientalism, identity, and the issue of origin. As a professional outsider, Ḫaṭībī follows conceptually and methodologically the rules of the epistemological critique in an enunciation...

Non-normative Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Magnus Paulsen

2016-01-01

The close ties between modes of governing, subjectivities and critique in contemporary societies challenge the role of critical social research. The classical normative ethos of the unmasking researcher unravelling various oppressive structures of dominant vs. dominated groups in society is inade......The close ties between modes of governing, subjectivities and critique in contemporary societies challenge the role of critical social research. The classical normative ethos of the unmasking researcher unravelling various oppressive structures of dominant vs. dominated groups in society...... outlines a non-normative but critical programme based on an ethos of re-politicizing contemporary pervasive modes of governing. The analytical advantages and limitations of such a programme are demonstrated by readings of both Foucauldian studies and the works of and debates regarding the French pragmatic...

Etude des phenomenes dynamiques ultrarapides et des caracteristiques impulsionnelles d'emission terahertz du supraconducteur YBCO

Science.gov (United States)

Savard, Stephane

Les premieres etudes d'antennes a base de supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique emettant une impulsion electromagnetique dont le contenu en frequence se situe dans le domaine terahertz remontent a 1996. Une antenne supraconductrice est formee d'un micro-pont d'une couche mince supraconductrice sur lequel un courant continu est applique. Un faisceau laser dans le visible est focalise sur le micro-pont et place le supraconducteur dans un etat hors-equilibre ou des paires sont brisees. Grace a la relaxation des quasiparticules en surplus et eventuellement de la reformation des paires supraconductrices, nous pouvons etudier la nature de la supraconductivite. L'analyse de la cinetique temporelle du champ electromagnetique emis par une telle antenne terahertz supraconductrice s'est averee utile pour decrire qualitativement les caracteristiques de celle-ci en fonction des parametres d'operation tels que le courant applique, la temperature et la puissance d'excitation. La comprehension de l'etat hors-equilibre est la cle pour comprendre le fonctionnement des antennes terahertz supraconductrices a haute temperature critique. Dans le but de comprendre ultimement cet etat hors-equilibre, nous avions besoin d'une methode et d'un modele pour extraire de facon plus systematique les proprietes intrinseques du materiau qui compose l'antenne terahertz a partir des caracteristiques d'emission de celle-ci. Nous avons developpe une procedure pour calibrer le spectrometre dans le domaine temporel en utilisant des antennes terahertz de GaAs bombarde aux protons H+ comme emetteur et detecteur. Une fois le montage calibre, nous y avons insere une antenne emettrice dipolaire de YBa 2Cu3O7-delta . Un modele avec des fonctions exponentielles de montee et de descente du signal est utilise pour lisser le spectre du champ electromagnetique de l'antenne de YBa 2Cu3O7-delta, ce qui nous permet d'extraire les proprietes intrinseques de ce dernier. Pour confirmer la validite du modele

The Closing of Critique, Pluralism and Reflexivity

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Alvesson, Mats; Kärreman, Dan

2013-01-01

addresses wider concerns regarding the politics of research and publishing and the conditions of critique at the present time. The pressure and eagerness to get published lead to strong subspecialization and an inclination to build research approaches within which authors are inclined to reproduce shared...... assumptions and be unwelcome to critical explorations. The article points to the risk of assumption-challenging work being marginalized through the anticipation of critique leading to hostile reactions and specialized, politically motivated reviewers blocking the publication of far-reaching critique....

Kantian Critique as a possible Driver for Planned Change

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Petersen, Martin Lund; Bordum, Anders

In this article it is revealed that planned change approaches operate with multiple drivers for change, but often neglect critique as a relevant driver for change. This is in contradistinction to approaches within the social sciences, where critique is often seen as a relevant approach to creating...... improvements and change. Looking at the concept of critique in its Kantian historical origin, and relating it to some influential specific theories of planned change, it is argued that critique is often ignored as a relevant method and means of leading change in organizations and firms. In conclusion...... there is an unused potential in using critique more systematically in attempts to manage and lead planned change....

The role of model checking in critiquing based on clinical guidelines

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Groot, Perry; Hommersom, Arjen; Lucas, Peter; Serban, Radu; Ten Teije, Annette; Van Harmelen, Frank

2007-01-01

Medical critiquing systems criticise clinical actions performed by a physician. In order to provide useful feedback, an important task is to find differences between the actual actions and a set of 'ideal' actions as described by a clinical guideline. In case differences exist, insight to which

CASE STUDY CRITIQUE; UPPER CLINCH CASE STUDY

Science.gov (United States)

Case study critique: Upper Clinch case study (from Research on Methods for Integrating Ecological Economics and Ecological Risk Assessment: A Trade-off Weighted Index Approach to Integrating Economics and Ecological Risk Assessment). This critique answers the questions: 1) does ...

ETUDE - European Trade Union Distance Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Creanor, Linda; Walker, Steve

2000-01-01

Describes transnational distance learning activities among European trade union educators carried out as part of the European Trade Union Distance Education (ETUDE) project, supported by the European Commission. Highlights include the context of international trade union distance education; tutor training course; tutors' experiences; and…

The use radioactive tracers in the study of solid transport in water streams; Emploi de traceurs radioactifs pour l'etude du transport solide dans les cours d'eau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Jaffry, P; Heuzel, M [Laboratoire National d' Hydraulique de Chatou, 78 (France)

1960-07-01

The Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique which has been studying, during the last few years in conjunction with the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires at Saclay, the development of apparatus and of methods of investigation of sediment transport by radioactive tracer techniques, is at the moment trying to perfect a genuinely quantitative method of investigation. Two experiments have recently been carried out in rivers, the first designed to investigate the transport of pebbles in the river Rhone, the other to investigate the movement of sands in the Niger. This second experiment has been supported by parallel experiments carried out on a reduced scale model of the Niger built at the laboratories of Chatou: in this experiment are used the radiation from {sup 56}Mn and {sup 24}Na obtained by direct activation of the crushed apricot store which represents, in the scale model, the natural sediment on the bed of the Niger. The combined efforts of the laboratories of Chatou and of the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires at Saclay are at the moment directed to the application of radioactive tracers to studies on the scale models with the double aim: a) of having a single investigational method for the actual experiment and for the model making it possible to control the accuracy of the model in the preliminary stage of calibrating this model; b) of making the most of the possibilities of observation and of direct measurement offered by the scale models for studying the possibility of improving the tracer method, in particular with respect to the collecting of quantitative data. (author) [French] La Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique qui, depuis quelques annees a developpe, en collaboration avec le Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay, les appareillages et les techniques d'etudes des mouvements de sediments par la methode des traceurs radioactifs, s'efforce actuellement de mettre au point un moyen d'investigation veritablement quantitatif. Deux experiences ont ete effectuees recemment en

Study of the machining of uranium carbide rods obtained by continuous casting under electronic bombardment; Etude de l'usinage de barreaux de carbure d'uranium obtenus par coulee continue sous bombardement electronique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rousset, P; Accary, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The authors consider the various methods of machining uranium mono-carbide and compare them critically in the case of their application to uranium carbide obtained by fusion under an electronic bombardment and continuous casting. This study leads them to propose two mechanical machining methods: cylindrical rectification and center-less rectification, preceded by a preliminary roughing out of a cylinder, the latter appearing more suitable. A study of the machining yields as a function of the diameter of the rough bars and of the diameter of the finished rods has shown that an optimum value of the rough bar diameter exists for each value of the finished rod diameter. It is found that the yield increases as the diameter itself increases, this yield rising from 45 per cent to around 70 per cent as the diameter of the rough bars increases from 25-26 mm to 37-38 mm. (authors) [French] Les auteurs envisagent les differentes methodes d'usinage du monocarbure d'uranium et se livrent a une etude critique de celles-ci, dans le cas de leur application a l'usinage de barreaux de carbure d'uranium obtenus par fusion sous bombardement electronique et coulee continue. Cette etude les conduit a proposer deux methodes d'usinage mecanique: la rectification cylindrique et la rectification 'centerless', precedee d'un ebauchage par carottage, la seconde paraissant la plus appropriee. L'etude des rendements d'usinage en fonction du diametre des barreaux bruts et du diametre des barreaux finis, a mis en evidence une valeur optimale du diametre des barreaux bruts pour chaque valeur du diametre des barreaux usines. Elle a montre que le rendement croit lorsque le diametre croit lui-meme, ce rendement passant d'environ 45 pour cent a environ 70 pour cent, lorsque le diametre des barreaux bruts passe de 25-26 mm a 37-38 mm.

Curricular Critique of an Environmental Education Policy Framework: Acting Today, Shaping Tomorrow

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Douglas D. Karrow

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The following paper is a curricular critique of an environmental education policy framework called Acting Today, Shaping Tomorrow (2009. It is founded upon: (a an examination of the conventional argument for integrated curriculum models and its relevance to K-12 environmental education; and (b utilization of a typology of integrated curriculum models to analyze an environmental education policy framework within the jurisdiction of Ontario, Canada. In conclusion, Ontario’s environmental education policy framework tends toward an integrated curriculum model referred to as ‘selective infusion.’  The implications for integrated curricular practice are identified, with recommendations for improving the policy framework from an integrated curricular perspective.     Key Words: environmental education, integrated curriculum, curriculum critique, education policy.

Advanced Change Theory Revisited: An Article Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Scott Pochron

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The complexity of life in 21st century society requires new models for leading and managing change. With that in mind, this paper revisits the model for Advanced Change Theory (ACT as presented by Quinn, Spreitzer, and Brown in their article, “Changing Others Through Changing Ourselves: The Transformation of Human Systems” (2000. The authors present ACT as a potential model for facilitating change in complex organizations. This paper presents a critique of the article and summarizes opportunities for further exploring the model in the light of current trends in developmental and integral theory.

Engagement beyond critique?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Gritt B.; Jørgensen, Nanna Jordt

2018-01-01

In response to academic ideals of neutrality, complexity and cultural relativism promoted in postmodern cultural critique, different attempts have been made to make anthropology more “engaged” in the promotion of social change. In this article, we discuss three contemporary positions...

Implementing Formative Assessment in Engineering Education: The Use of the Online Assessment System Etude

Science.gov (United States)

Dopper, Sofia M.; Sjoer, Ellen

2004-01-01

This article describes the possibilities offered by the online assessment system Etude to achieve the benefits of formative assessment. In order to find out the way this works in practice, we carried out an experiment with the use of Etude for formative assessment in the course on collaborative report writing. Results show that online formative…

Two Forms of Philosophical Argument or Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Marshall, James D.

2004-01-01

In this paper the author looks at two forms of philosophical argument or critique. These are derived by himself from the work of the late Kantian scholar, Stephan Korner who, in his book "What is Philosophy?" (1969), draws a number of distinctions between different forms of "philosophical" argument or critique. The two forms of derived argument,…

Approximation auto-coherente a deux particules, pseudogap et supraconductivite dans le modele de Hubbard attractif

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Steve

2000-10-01

Dans cette these nous presentons une nouvelle methode non perturbative pour le calcul des proprietes d'un systeme de fermions. Notre methode generalise l'approximation auto-coherente a deux particules proposee par Vilk et Tremblay pour le modele de Hubbard repulsif. Notre methode peut s'appliquer a l'etude du comportement pre-critique lorsque la symetrie du parametre d'ordre est suffisamment elevee. Nous appliquons la methode au probleme du pseudogap dans le modele de Hubbard attractif. Nos resultats montrent un excellent accord avec les donnees Monte Carlo pour de petits systemes. Nous observons que le regime ou apparait le pseudogap dans le poids spectral a une particule est un regime classique renormalise caracterise par une frequence caracteristique des fluctuations supraconductrices inferieure a la temperature. Une autre caracteristique est la faible densite de superfluide de cette phase demontrant que nous ne sommes pas en presence de paires preformees. Les resultats obtenus semblent montrer que la haute symetrie du parametre d'ordre et la bidimensionalite du systeme etudie elargissent le domaine de temperature pour lequel le regime pseudogap est observe. Nous argumentons que ce resultat est transposable aux supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique ou le pseudogap apparait a des' temperatures beaucoup plus grandes que la temperature critique. La forte symetrie dans ces systemes pourraient etre reliee a la theorie SO(5) de Zhang. En annexe, nous demontrons un resultat tout recent qui permettrait d'assurer l'auto-coherence entre les proprietes a une et a deux particules par l'ajout d'une dynamique au vertex irreductible. Cet ajout laisse entrevoir la possibilite d'etendre la methode au cas d'une forte interaction.

Contribution to the study of several chemical hazards in the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires of Fontenay-aux-Roses; Contribution a l'etude de quelques nuisances chimiques au centre d'etudes nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Megemont, C; Grau, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-10-01

From the checking of 2750 index cards of hazards, the study relates the distribution of the chemical hazards in the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires of Fontenay-aux-Roses. Those concerning the greatest number of agents in the Centre are classified according to the categories corresponding to the different conditions of working. Thus, the most important are put forward. Then, the authors rapidly make a review of hazards which may have some special interest because they appear more specific of the nuclear energy or because they are the most frequently noted on the index cards of hazards. The case of the tributylphosphate is studied more precisely. (authors) [French] A partir de l'examen de 2750 fiches de nuisances, l'etude porte sur la repartition des nuisances chimiques au Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses. Celles qui concernent le plus grand nombre d'agents du Centre sont classees selon les categories correspondant aux differentes conditions de travail. Les plus importantes d'entre elles sont ainsi mises en evidence. | Les auteurs passent ensuite en revue, rapidement, les nuisances qui peuvent presenter un interet particulier soit parce qu'elles semblent plus specifiques de l'Energie Nucleaire, soit parce qu'on les rencontre le plus frequemment sur les fiches de nuisances. Le cas du tributylphosphate est envisage de facon plus detaillee. (auteurs)

The econometrics of the Holy Grail : A critique (Revised version)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Keuzenkamp, H.A.

1995-01-01

This paper discusses the methodological views of David Hendry. A critique is given on the reification of the so-called Data Generating Process. The merits of general to specific modelling are analyzed. Hendry's neo-Popperian philosophy is examined. It is argued that this philosophy is not able to

A Feminist Critique of Rational-Choice Theories: Implications for Sociology.

Science.gov (United States)

England, Paula

1989-01-01

Provides a feminist critique of rational-choice theory and the interdisciplinary feminist theories of sociology. Applies the separative model of self to four assumptions of the neoclassical economics version of rational-choice theory. Uses research on marital power to illustrate how removing distorting assumptions can help illuminate sociological…

The Foucault-Habermas Debate: the Reflexive and Receptive Aspects of Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Ejvind

2005-01-01

In this paper I discuss the relationship between two different approaches to critical theory – the reflective and the receptive approaches. I show how it can be fruitful to discuss the relationship between Habermas and Foucault through this distinction. My point is that whereas Habermas focusses...... on critique as a reflexive activity, Foucault mainly focusses on the receptive conditions for critique to be possible. I argue further that Foucault focusses on the receptive aspects of critique, the quest for universality is not as pressing as it is in Habermas’ approach, because problematizing critique can...

Disability as infra-critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gad, Christopher; Dalsgaard, Steffen

2017-01-01

and we examine parts of the historical background for the production of authority in the context of managing disability as exception during polling. In doing so we point out that as the organization of electoral processes evolves, new potentialities for infra-critique also emerge.......This article investigates how disability can work analytically as a ‘critique from within’. Our case is the accommodation of citizens with disabilities during the voting process in Denmark. Here disability makes explicit how Danish democracy is produced as disability rubs up against implicit...... this offers. We analyze an incident at a polling booth during the 2013 Danish Municipal election. This renders visible some of the complex socio-material processes through which citizens and the Danish state co-enact and co-authorize one another. We highlight how ‘detachments’ are vital to such processes...

Article Review: Advanced Change Theory Revisited: An Article Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Scott Pochron

2008-12-01

Full Text Available The complexity of life in 21st century society requires new models for leadingand managing change. With that in mind, this paper revisits the model for AdvancedChange Theory (ACT as presented by Quinn, Spreitzer, and Brown in their article,“Changing Others Through Changing Ourselves: The Transformation of HumanSystems” (2000. The authors present ACT as a potential model for facilitating change incomplex organizations. This paper presents a critique of the article and summarizesopportunities for further exploring the model in the light of current trends indevelopmental and integral theory.

Marx and the critique of capitalist society: critique of labor/Marx e a crítica ontológica da sociedade capitalista: crítica do trabalho

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Duayer

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The paper seeks to emphasize what in my opinion can be consideredthe main thrust of Marxian work: the critique of political economy as an ontological critique of the modern capitalist society. Such critique begins to take its ultimate form with the Grundrisse. The argument runs as follows. Firstly, it tries to show briefly the debilitating effects, both in theory and practice, brought about in the last decades by the dissolution of the Marxian ontological critique. Secondly, it argues that real critique is ontological critique and, consequently, has to explain what such a critique consists of. Finally, agreeing with Postone’s suggested reinterpretation of Marx’s ideas, but diverging from him precisely with respect to ontology, it suggests that the ontological critique produced by Marx is a critique of labor or, in other words, critique of the centrality of labor, which is specific of the capitalist society.O artigo pretende destacar o que constitui para mim o propósitocentral da obra marxiana que, nos Grundrisse, começa a tomar forma acabada,a saber, a crítica da economia política como crítica ontológica da modernasociedade capitalista. O argumento está assim estruturado. Em primeiro lugar,inicio procurando mostrar de maneira sintética os efeitos paralisantes, teóricose práticos, da dissolução da crítica ontológica marxiana nas últimas décadas.Em segundo lugar, e justamente por isso, tento sustentar que crítica de fato écrítica ontológica e, em consequência, devo mostrar de que se trata essa crítica.Por último, concordando com a interpretação da obra de Marx proposta porMoishe Postone, mas diferindo dela precisamente no que diz respeito à onto-logia, procuro demonstrar que a crítica ontológica elaborada por Marx é críticado trabalho, ou, caso se queira, crítica da centralidade do trabalho, própria eespecífica da sociedade capitalista.

Singing as a Therapeutic Agent, inThe Etude, 1891-1949.

Science.gov (United States)

Hunter

1999-01-01

The Etude music magazine, founded by Theodore Presser, was one of a number of popular music magazines published in the years prior to the establishment of the music therapy profession in 1950. During its publication run from 1883 to 1957, over 100 music therapy related articles appeared, including 13 on the health benefits of singing published between 1891 and 1949. Written by authors with diverse backgrounds, such as the famous Battle Creek, Michigan physician John Harvey Kellogg and Boston music critic Louis C. Elson, the articles contained consistent and adamant support regarding the health benefits of singing. The advantages described were both physical and psychological, and were recommended prophylactically for well persons and therapeutically for ill persons. Although the articles varied in perspective, from philosophical to theoretical to pedagogical, there is a consistent holistic medicine theme that appeared almost ahead of its time and no doubt linked to the push for vocal music education in that era. The importance of The Etude in promulgating ideas that helped shape the early practice of music therapy should not be underestimated. For much of its publication run The Etude was the largest music periodical in print, reaching its peak circulation of 250,000 copies per month in 1924.

Concerning the study of the irreversible magnetic behaviour of superconductivity; Contribution a l'etude du comportement magnetique irreversible des supraconducteurs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kuhn, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-03-01

The influence of the presence of extended lattice defects on the magnetic behaviour has been studied for the case of type I superconductors, such as Re and Ta, and in a more quantitative manner for the type II superconductor niobium. In this case, measurements of the thermal conductivity have given an estimate of the relative concentration of lattice defects in each specimen. These measurements show that the larger the number of lattice defects, the more irreversible becomes the magnetization curve, and the larger becomes the values of the critical current, which is related by a simple model to the magnetization values. Finally, a study by transmission electron microscopy has confirmed on the one hand the diversity of the extended lattice defects and on the other hand has allowed the formulation of several hypothesis on their respective influence. [French] L'influence de la presence de defauts etendus sur le comportement magnetique a ete etudie pour des supraconducteurs de premiere espece, tels que le rhenium et le tantale, et plus quantitativement pour un supraconducteur de deuxieme espece, le niobium. Dans ce cas, des mesures de conductibilite thermique ont permis d'estimer la concentration relative des defauts du reseau dans chaque echantillon. Ces mesures montrent que plus les defauts du reseau sont nombreux, plus la courbe d'aimantation est irreversible, et plus les valeurs du courant critique, reliees par un modele simple aux valeurs de l'aimantation, sont elevees. Enfin une etude par microscopie electronique en transmission - a permis d'une part de constater la diversite des defauts etendus et d'autre part de formuler quelques hypotheses sur leurs influences respectives.

Work Design Theory: A Review and Critique with Implications for Human Resource Development

Science.gov (United States)

Torraco, Richard J.

2005-01-01

Six theoretical perspectives on work design are examined for their contributions to our understanding of how work is organized and designed in organizations: sociotechnical systems theory, process improvement, adaptive structuration theory, the job characteristics model, technostructural change models, and activity theory. A critique of these…

Interpreting Foucault: an evaluation of a Foucauldian critique of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The potential strengths and weaknesses of a Foucauldian critique of education are discussed and evaluated. The article focuses specifically on the value of Foucault's work for critiquing social and political ideologies prevalent in education, which is understood as a societal institution, and hence, as a modern regime of ...

Ideology, Critique and Surveillance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Heidi Herzogenrath-Amelung

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The 2013 revelations concerning global surveillance programmes demonstrate in unprecedented clarity the need for Critical Theory of information and communication technologies (ICTs to address the mechanisms and implications of increasingly global, ubiquitous surveillance. This is all the more urgent because of the dominance of the “surveillance ideology” (the promise of security through surveillance that supports the political economy of surveillance. This paper asks which theoretical arguments and concepts can be useful for philosophically grounding a critique of this surveillance ideology. It begins by examining how the surveillance ideology works through language and introduces the concept of the ‘ideological packaging’ of ICTs to show how rhetoric surrounding the implementation of surveillance technologies reinforces the surveillance ideology. It then raises the problem of how ideology-critique can work if it relies on language itself and argues that Martin Heidegger’s philosophy can make a useful contribution to existing critical approaches to language.

Cultural Journalism and Cultural Critique in a changing Media Landscape

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nørgaard Kristensen, Nete; From, Unni

2015-01-01

This special issue addresses a topic of journalism studies that has previously been somewhat neglected but which has gained increasing scholarly attention since the mid-2000s: the coverage and evaluation of art and culture, or what we term “cultural journalism and cultural critique.......” In this introduction, we highlight three issues that serve to frame the study of cultural journalism and cultural critique more generally and the eight articles of this special issue more specifically: (1) the constant challenge of demarcating cultural journalism and cultural critique, including the interrelations...... of “journalism” and “critique”; (2) the dialectic of globalisation’s cultural homogenisation, on the one hand, and the specificity of local/national cultures, on the other; and (3) the digital media landscape seen in terms of the need to rethink, perhaps even redefine cultural journalism and cultural critique...

Study of the machining of uranium carbide rods obtained by continuous casting under electronic bombardment; Etude de l'usinage de barreaux de carbure d'uranium obtenus par coulee continue sous bombardement electronique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rousset, P.; Accary, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The authors consider the various methods of machining uranium mono-carbide and compare them critically in the case of their application to uranium carbide obtained by fusion under an electronic bombardment and continuous casting. This study leads them to propose two mechanical machining methods: cylindrical rectification and center-less rectification, preceded by a preliminary roughing out of a cylinder, the latter appearing more suitable. A study of the machining yields as a function of the diameter of the rough bars and of the diameter of the finished rods has shown that an optimum value of the rough bar diameter exists for each value of the finished rod diameter. It is found that the yield increases as the diameter itself increases, this yield rising from 45 per cent to around 70 per cent as the diameter of the rough bars increases from 25-26 mm to 37-38 mm. (authors) [French] Les auteurs envisagent les differentes methodes d'usinage du monocarbure d'uranium et se livrent a une etude critique de celles-ci, dans le cas de leur application a l'usinage de barreaux de carbure d'uranium obtenus par fusion sous bombardement electronique et coulee continue. Cette etude les conduit a proposer deux methodes d'usinage mecanique: la rectification cylindrique et la rectification 'centerless', precedee d'un ebauchage par carottage, la seconde paraissant la plus appropriee. L'etude des rendements d'usinage en fonction du diametre des barreaux bruts et du diametre des barreaux finis, a mis en evidence une valeur optimale du diametre des barreaux bruts pour chaque valeur du diametre des barreaux usines. Elle a montre que le rendement croit lorsque le diametre croit lui-meme, ce rendement passant d'environ 45 pour cent a environ 70 pour cent, lorsque le diametre des barreaux bruts passe de 25-26 mm a 37-38 mm.

The Pragmatics of Critiquing

Science.gov (United States)

2006-02-01

philosophie (logique et argumentation), de la linguistique, de la psychologie et de la sociologie , ce document propose une étude de la critique...linguistique, de la psychologie et de la sociologie . Elle présente une revue exhaustive de l’analyse de l’argument et de l’argumentation qui nous

Sayyid Quṭb’s critique of fiqh

OpenAIRE

Thameem Ushama

2014-01-01

Sayyid Quṭb’s views on fiqh (jurisprudence) have been the subject of significant critique. This paper seeks to understand the bases of such criticisms through a qualitative content analysis of his exegesis and other writings. We begin with a brief survey of the views of scholars who have spoken in favour of and against him, followed by a brief biographic profile of Quṭb. This paper focuses on Quṭb’s critique of three key issues. First, the terms “Fiqh al-Awrāq” (jurisprudence of papers) and “...

Instrumental performance of an etude after three methods of practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Vanden Ark, S

1997-12-01

For 80 fifth-grade students three practice conditions (mental, mental with physical simulation, and physical with singing) produced significant mean differences in instrumental performance of an etude. No significant differences were found for traditional, physical practice.

Contribution a l'etude des plantes alimentaires mineures dans la ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Contribution a l'etude des plantes alimentaires mineures dans la prefecture de Dankpen (Togo). AB Kebenzikato, S Akpavi, K Batawila, K Wala, M Dourma, K Kossi-Titrikou, KS Amouzou, I Butare, H Dantsey-Barry, K Akpagana ...

The development of a very high stability electrostatic generator (1962); Etude et realisation d'un generateur electrostatique a tres haute stabilite (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jonckheere, R E.L. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

This thesis deals with the study of an electrostatic high voltage generator having a voltage stability of the order of 10{sup -6} per minute. This equipment should be very useful in electron microscopy. The electrostatic generator is studied as a control system element: transfer function, parasitic signals and noise are determined and a mathematical model is proposed. A theoretical study of the open loop transfer function, stability, transient response, voltage stabilization of five different control systems shows which one should be able to fulfill the requirements There follows a detailed study of drift, a description of the actual system and performance data. (author) [French] Cette etude concerne un generateur electrostatique capable de fournir une tres haute tension continue dont la stabilite relative est de l'ordre de 10{sup -6} pendant une minute. Une telle performance rend cet appareillage tres utile en microscopie electronique. La generatrice electrostatique est etudiee en tant qu'element d'un systeme asservi: on determine successivement la fonction de transfert, les perturbations, le bruit de fond et le modele mathematique. L'etude de cinq differents circuits de regulation en ce qui concerne leur fonction de transfert, stabilite, reponse en regime transitoire, attenuation des perturbations, permettra de choisir le systeme qui semble le mieux repondre aux exigences. Viennent ensuite une etude detaillee de la derive, la description de la realisation pratique et les resultats de mesure. (auteur)

Feminism and psychology: critiques of methods and epistemology.

Science.gov (United States)

Eagly, Alice H; Riger, Stephanie

2014-10-01

Starting in the 1960s, many of the critiques of psychological science offered by feminist psychologists focused on its methods and epistemology. This article evaluates the current state of psychological science in relation to this feminist critique. The analysis relies on sources that include the PsycINFO database, the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (American Psychological Association, 2010), and popular psychology methods textbooks. After situating the feminist critique within the late-20th-century shift of science from positivism to postpositivism, the inquiry examines feminists' claims of androcentric bias in (a) the underrepresentation of women as researchers and research participants and (b) researchers' practices in comparing women and men and describing their research findings. In most of these matters, psychology manifests considerable change in directions advocated by feminists. However, change is less apparent in relation to some feminists' criticisms of psychology's reliance on laboratory experimentation and quantitative methods. In fact, the analyses documented the rarity in high-citation journals of qualitative research that does not include quantification. Finally, the analysis frames feminist methodological critiques by a consideration of feminist epistemologies that challenge psychology's dominant postpositivism. Scrutiny of methods textbooks and journal content suggests that within psychological science, especially as practiced in the United States, these alternative epistemologies have not yet gained substantial influence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved).

Weber's Critique of Advocacy in the Classroom: Critical Thinking and Civic Education.

Science.gov (United States)

Weaver, Mark

1998-01-01

Discusses the four aspects of Max Weber's argument against including advocacy in the political science classroom. Believes that Weber's critique is a useful starting point for considering the issue in relation to contemporary education. Describes two models, critical thinking and civic education, that present advocacy in the political science…

Interpreting Foucault: An Evaluation of a Foucauldian Critique of Education

Science.gov (United States)

Woermann, Minka

2012-01-01

The potential strengths and weaknesses of a Foucauldian critique of education are discussed and evaluated. The article focuses specifically on the value of Foucault's work for critiquing social and political ideologies prevalent in education, which is understood as a societal institution, and hence, as a modern regime of institutional power. In…

Critique and Process: Signature Pedagogies in the Graphic Design Classroom

Science.gov (United States)

Motley, Phillip

2017-01-01

Like many disciplines in design and the visual fine arts, critique is a signature pedagogy in the graphic design classroom. It serves as both a formative and summative assessment while also giving students the opportunity to practice the habits of graphic design. Critiques help students become keen observers of relevant disciplinary criteria;…

Experimental study of heat exchange coefficients, critical heat flux and charge losses, using water-steam mixtures in turbulent flow in a vertical tube; Etude experimentale des coefficients d'echanges thermiques, des flux de chaleur critiques et des pertes de charge avec des melanges eau-vapeur en ecoulement turbulent dans un tube vertical

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Perroud, P; De La Harpe, A; Rebiere, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-12-15

Two stainless steel tubes were used (with diameters of 5 and 10 mm, lengths 400 and 600 mm respectively), heated electrically (50 Hz). The mixture flows from top to bottom. The work was carried out mainly on mixtures of high concentration (x > 0.1), at pressures between 50 and 60 kg/cm{sup 2}, flowing as a liquid film on the walls of the tube with droplets suspended in the central current of steam. By analysis of the heat transfer laws the exchange mechanisms were established, and the conditions under which the critical heat flux may be exceeded without danger of actual burnout were determined. In this way high output concentrations (x{sub s} > 0.9) may be obtained. An attempt has been made to find out to what extent existing correlation formulae can be used to account for the phenomena observed. It is shown that those dealing with exchange coefficients can only be applied in a first approximation in cases where exchange by convection is preponderant, and only below the critical flux. The formulae proposed by WAPD and CISE do not give a satisfactory estimation of the critical heat flux, and the essential reasons for this inadequacy are explained. Lastly, the Martinelli and Nelson method may be used to an approximation of 30 per cent for the calculation of charge losses. (author) [French] On a utilise deux tubes en acier inox (avec des diametres de 5 et 10 mm, et des longueurs respectives 400 et 600 mm) chauffes electriquement (50 Hz). Le melange s'ecoule de haut en bas. Les etudes ont porte plus specialement sur des melanges de titres eleves (x > 0,1) a des pressions comprises entre 60 et 90 kg/cm{sup 2} dont l'ecoulement se fait avec film liquide annulaire et gouttelettes en suspension dans le coeur de vapeur. Par l'analyse des lois de transfert de chaleur, on a precise les mecanismes d'echanges et l'on a d'autre part determine dans quelles conditions le flux de chaleur critique peut etre depasse sans danger de 'burnout' proprement dit. On peut ainsi obtenir des

Education Policy and Practice "under" New Labour: An Epistolary Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Richards, Colin

2010-01-01

Since the election of 1997 New Labour's education policy has been subject to variety of forms of critique--in this journal and others. One of the sources for such critique has been a barrage of letters unleashed for over a decade by Colin Richards in the "Times Educational Supplement". Here are reproduced a self-edited selection of his…

Die CREDIF-Methodik. Versuch einer kritischen Bestandsaufnahme (The CREDIF Methodology. An Attempt at a Critical Evaluation)

Science.gov (United States)

Firges, Jean

1975-01-01

A critique of the audiovisual courses of Level 1 produced by the Centre de Recherche et d'Etudes pour la Diffusion du Francais. Discusses the textbook "Bonjour Line" (for 8- to 11-year-olds), "Voix et Images de France" and "De Vive Voix" (both for those older than 11). (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Beyond Construction: Five arguments for the role and value of critique in learning science

Science.gov (United States)

Henderson, J. Bryan; MacPherson, Anna; Osborne, Jonathan; Wild, Andrew

2015-07-01

This paper argues that science education has overemphasized the importance of construction at the expense of critique. In doing so, it draws on two key premises-Ford's argument that the construction of knowledge requires a dialectic between construction and critique and Mercier and Sperber's theory of argumentative reasoning that critique is essential for epistemic vigilance. Five separate cases are presented which argue that the absence of critique within school science limits the opportunities for students to engage in scientific reasoning making the learning of science less effective. These five arguments incorporate research literature surrounding the nature of science, epistemology, literacy, pedagogy, and motivation. Furthermore, we draw on data collected from cognitive think-aloud interviews to show that students can, with the appropriate prompts, engage in the important epistemic activity of critique. We conclude by examining the implications for the teaching and learning of science. In essence, we argue that the undervaluing of critique within the curriculum and pedagogy of school science results in a failure to develop the analytical faculties which are the valued hall mark of the practicing scientist; a misrepresentation of the nature of science; and, more importantly, a less effective learning experience. Critique, therefore, needs to play a central role in the teaching and learning of science.

Political realism as ideology critique

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Prinz, J.; Rossi, E.

2017-01-01

This paper outlines an account of political realism as a form of ideology critique. We defend the normative edge of this critical-theoretic project against the common charge that there is a problematic trade-off between a theory’s groundedness in facts about the political status quo and its ability

Reconfiguring the optics of the critical gaze in science education (after the critique of critique): (re)thinking "what counts" through Foucaultian prismatics

Science.gov (United States)

Higgins, Marc

2018-03-01

The purpose of this article is to explore what Michel Foucault refers to as "the" critical attitude and its relationship to science education, drawing from Foucault's (The politics of truth. Semiotext(e), New York, 1997) insight that the critical attitude is but a critical attitude. This article is a rejoinder to Anna Danielsonn, Maria Berge, and Malena Lidar's paper, "Knowledge and power in the technology classroom: a framework for studying teachers and students in action". Where Danielsonn and colleagues think with Foucaultian power/knowledge to examine and (re)consider teacher-student didactic relations in science and technology education, this article critically examines the power/knowledge relationship between science educators and science education to critically explore the modes of criticality produced and produceable. Particularly, I explore possibilities for and of critique that stem from and respond to what Bruno Latour (Politics of nature: How to bring the sciences into democracy. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1993) refers to as the crisis and critique of critique.

Alienation in Mathematics Education: Critique and Development of Neo-Vygotskian Perspectives

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Julian

2016-01-01

This paper aims to critique and develop neo-Vygotskian work in mathematics education from (i) within the Vygotskian and activity theoretic tradition, and where necessary from (ii) a Bourdieusian perspective. First, I critique Roth and Radford's (2011) version of Cultural-historical Activity Theory, suggesting that a classroom episode presented as…

The development of a very high stability electrostatic generator (1962); Etude et realisation d'un generateur electrostatique a tres haute stabilite (1962)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jonckheere, R.E.L. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1962-07-01

This thesis deals with the study of an electrostatic high voltage generator having a voltage stability of the order of 10{sup -6} per minute. This equipment should be very useful in electron microscopy. The electrostatic generator is studied as a control system element: transfer function, parasitic signals and noise are determined and a mathematical model is proposed. A theoretical study of the open loop transfer function, stability, transient response, voltage stabilization of five different control systems shows which one should be able to fulfill the requirements There follows a detailed study of drift, a description of the actual system and performance data. (author) [French] Cette etude concerne un generateur electrostatique capable de fournir une tres haute tension continue dont la stabilite relative est de l'ordre de 10{sup -6} pendant une minute. Une telle performance rend cet appareillage tres utile en microscopie electronique. La generatrice electrostatique est etudiee en tant qu'element d'un systeme asservi: on determine successivement la fonction de transfert, les perturbations, le bruit de fond et le modele mathematique. L'etude de cinq differents circuits de regulation en ce qui concerne leur fonction de transfert, stabilite, reponse en regime transitoire, attenuation des perturbations, permettra de choisir le systeme qui semble le mieux repondre aux exigences. Viennent ensuite une etude detaillee de la derive, la description de la realisation pratique et les resultats de mesure. (auteur)

Husserl's Preemptive Responses to Existentialist Critiques ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Husserl's Preemptive Responses to Existentialist Critiques. Paul S MacDonald. Abstract. Existentialist thinkers often publicly acknowledged Husserl's phenomenology as one of their main points of departure for treatment of such themes as intentionality, comportment, transcendence, and the lifeworld. Several central ...

'Hypotheses, everywhere only hypotheses!': on some contexts of Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology.

Science.gov (United States)

Feest, Uljana

2007-03-01

In 1894, Wilhelm Dilthey published an article in which he formulated a critique of what he called 'explanatory psychology', contrasting it with his own conception of 'descriptive psychology'. Dilthey's descriptive psychology, in turn, was to provide the basis for Dilthey's specific philosophy of the human sciences (Geisteswissenschaften). In this paper, I contextualize Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology. I show that while this critique comes across as very broad and sweeping, he in fact had specific opponents in mind, namely, scholars who, like him, attempted to theorize about the relationship between the individual and society, between psychology and the other human sciences. Dilthey's critique of explanatory psychology is the flipside of his critique of sociology, which he had already formulated. He challenged both because he felt that they gave the wrong kind of answer to the task of overcoming metaphysics within the human sciences. In particular, I identify the founders of Völkerpsychologie, Moritz Lazarus and Heymann Steinthal, and (more importantly) their student, Georg Simmel, as Dilthey's targets. I provide textual and historical evidence for this thesis.

THE POLITICAL CRITIQUE OF SPIKE Lee's Bamboozled

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Admin

CONTEMPORARY AMERICAN MEDIA: THE POLITICAL. CRITIQUE OF SPIKE ... KEYWORDS: Blackface Minstrelsy, Racist Stereotypes and American Media. INTRODUCTION ..... of a difference that is itself a process of disavowal.” In this ...

Students' Talk about the Climate of Feedback Interventions in the Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Dannels, Deanna P.; Housley Gaffney, Amy L.; Martin, Kelly Norris

2011-01-01

Similar to many courses in communication, oral communication is central to the learning goals in the discipline of design. Design critiques, the primary communication activity in design classrooms, occur in every studio course multiple times. One key feature of the critique, as an oral genre, is the amount of time and emphasis placed on feedback.…

Adam Smith and the Educative Critique: A Response to My Commentators

Science.gov (United States)

Weinstein, Jack Russell

2015-01-01

This paper is both a response to the four reviewers in a special symposium on my book Adam Smith's Pluralism and a substantive discussion of philosophy of education. In it, I introduce what I call "the educative critique," a mode of analysis similar to Marxist, feminist, or postcolonial critiques, but focusing on the educative role of a…

Evaluating the Evaluators: Comparative Study of High School Newspaper Critique Services.

Science.gov (United States)

Davis, Nancy

High school publication staffs depend on national critique services as a major means of evaluation and recognition, but most have no measure of how one critique service compares to the others, because they can afford the entry fee for only one evaluation. Thus, a study was conducted to test the validity of three major national critique…

English Department Reforms at the Hautes Etudes Commerciales: Entering the Nineties.

Science.gov (United States)

Shanahan, Daniel

1993-01-01

Discusses the reforms made in the fall of 1990 in the English department at the Ecole Hautes Etudes Commerciales (Paris, France), which were based on the basis of a combination of literature-culture and second- and foreign-language acquisition pedagogical biases. (four references) (VWL)

Medical humanities and their discontents: definitions, critiques, and implications.

Science.gov (United States)

Shapiro, Johanna; Coulehan, Jack; Wear, Delese; Montello, Martha

2009-02-01

The humanities offer great potential for enhancing professional and humanistic development in medical education. Yet, although many students report benefit from exposure to the humanities in their medical education, they also offer consistent complaints and skepticism. The authors offer a pedagogical definition of the medical humanities, linking it to medicine as a practice profession. They then explore three student critiques of medical humanities curricula: (1) the content critique, examining issues of perceived relevance and intellectual bait-and-switch, (2) the teaching critique, which examines instructor trustworthiness and perceived personal intrusiveness, and (3) the structural/placement critique, or how and when medical humanities appear in the curriculum. Next, ways are suggested to tailor medical humanities to better acknowledge and reframe the needs of medical students. These include ongoing cross-disciplinary reflective practices in which intellectual tools of the humanities are incorporated into educational activities to help students examine and, at times, contest the process, values, and goals of medical practice. This systematic, pervasive reflection will organically lead to meaningful contributions from the medical humanities in three specific areas of great interest to medical educators: professionalism, "narrativity," and educational competencies. Regarding pedagogy, the implications of this approach are an integrated required curriculum and innovative concepts such as "applied humanities scholars." In turn, systematic integration of humanities perspectives and ways of thinking into clinical training will usefully expand the range of metaphors and narratives available to reflect on medical practice and offer possibilities for deepening and strengthening professional education.

Philologie et critique génétique

OpenAIRE

Espagne, Michel

2013-01-01

Le mérite de la critique génétique est d’avoir rappelé dans un contexte français la nécessité d’étudier non seulement les textes littéraires tels que le public, simple lecteur ou étudiant s’assimilant sa propre tradition littéraire, a pu les percevoir, mais aussi l’atelier au sein duquel les textes ont été produits. La question de la relation entre critique génétique et philologie éditoriale est beaucoup plus facile à envisager dans un contexte francophone où la philologie, qui ne dispose que...

Reconstruction de la surface de Fermi dans l'etat normal d'un supraconducteur a haute Tc: Une etude du transport electrique en champ magnetique intense

Science.gov (United States)

Le Boeuf, David

Des mesures de resistance longitudinale et de resistance de Hall en champ magnetique intense transverse (perpendiculaire aux plans CuO2) ont ete effectuees au sein de monocristaux de YBa2Cu3Oy (YBCO) demacles, ordonnes et de grande purete, afin d'etudier l'etat fondamental des supraconducteurs a haute Tc dans le regime sous-dope. Cette etude a ete realisee en fonction du dopage et de l'orientation du courant d'excitation J par rapport a l'axe orthorhombique b de la structure cristalline. Les mesures en champ magnetique intense revelent par suppression de la supraconductivite des oscillations magnetiques des resistances longitudinale et de Hall dans YBa2Cu 3O6.51 et YBa2Cu4O8. La conformite du comportement de ces oscillations quantiques au formalisme de Lifshitz-Kosevich, apporte la preuve de l'existence d'une surface de Fermi fermee a caractere quasi-2D, abritant des quasiparticules coherentes respectant la statistique de Fermi-Dirac, dans la phase pseudogap d'YBCO. La faible frequence des oscillations quantiques, combinee avec l'etude de la partie monotone de la resistance de Hall en fonction de la temperature indique que la surface de Fermi d'YBCO sous-dope comprend une petite poche de Fermi occupee par des porteurs de charge negative. Cette particularite de la surface de Fermi dans le regime sous-dope incompatible avec les calculs de structure de bande est en fort contraste avec la structure electronique presente dans le regime surdope. Cette observation implique ainsi l'existence d'un point critique quantique dans le diagramme de phase d'YBCO, au voisinage duquel la surface de Fermi doit subir une reconstruction induite par l'etablissement d'une brisure de la symetrie de translation du reseau cristallin sous-jacent. Enfin, l'etude en fonction du dopage de la resistance de Hall et de la resistance longitudinale en champ magnetique intense suggere qu'un ordre du type onde de densite (DW) est responsable de la reconstruction de la surface de Fermi. L'analogie de

Hare's preference utilitarianism: an overview and critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauro Cardoso Simões

2013-08-01

Full Text Available My purpose in this paper is to summarize some aspects of utilitarianism and to provide a general overview of Hare's preference utilitarianism, followed by a critique of Hare's preference theory.

International Test Score Comparisons and Educational Policy: A Review of the Critiques

Science.gov (United States)

Carnoy, Martin

2015-01-01

Stanford education professor Martin Carnoy examines four main critiques of how international test results are used in policymaking. Of particular interest are critiques of the policy analyses published by the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). Using average PISA scores as a comparative measure of student achievement is misleading…

A Reply to the Current Critiques Formulated Against Hoppe's Argumentation Ethics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marian Eabrasu

2009-03-01

Full Text Available This article responds to current critiques directed against Hoppe’s justification by performative contradiction of the self-ownership axiom. Maintaining that ethics should be grounded on sound principles, Hoppe observes that only self-ownership can pass the test of performative contradiction. From this idea, he concludes that only libertarianism (the ethical system grounded on the axiom of self-ownership can be justified. Any other ethic is self-defeating. An important debate in ethics was stimulated by numerous critiques formulated against the performative contradiction and more precisely against the use that Hoppe makes of it in justifying libertarianism. Without endorsing Hoppe’s argumentation, this article prevents some common misunderstandings, systemizes the types of critiques and thoroughly replies to them.

Designing for critique, designing for reflection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Løfgreen, Lars Bo

2010-01-01

litteraturliste og et stikordsregister. Bogen rummer kapitlerne: “Visual topography: analysing the visual context of an interactive interface” af Lise Agerbæk, “Designing (with) Creativity” af Heidi Philipsen, “Designing for critique, designing for reflection – the (re)emergence of aesthetics in current design...

The Rational-Emotive Approach: A Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, G. Barry

1976-01-01

The critique of Rational-Emotive Therapy aims criticism at Ellis' concept of irrationality, analysis of human behavior and therapeutic techniques. Ellis suggests that his critic's claims lack the support of experimental evidence. He further suggests that an "existential" bias pervades which differs from his own brand of…

98 Etude Comparative du Systeme Phonematique et Tonal des ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

98. Etude Comparative du Systeme Phonematique et Tonal des. Deux Parlers: Le Yoruba du Nigeria et L'itsa Parle en. Republique du Benin. Ajani Akinwumi Lateef et Ayuba G. Ajibabi http://dx.doi./org/10.4314/ujah.v18i3.5. Résume. En ce début de l'époque ou la mondialisation et la coexistence des peuples dans le ...

Magnetic resonance studies of solid polymers; Etude des polymeres solides par resonance magnetique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lenk, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

This paper is a review of the application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to solid polymers. In the first, theoretical part, the elements of the theory of NMR, which are necessary for the study of the properties of solid polymers are discussed: the moments method, nuclear relaxation and the distribution of correlation times. In the second part the experimental results are presented. (author) [French] Cette etude est une recherche bibliographique sur l'application de la resonance magnetique nucleaire (RMN) aux polymeres solides. Dans la premiere partie theorique on discute les elements de la theorie de RMN, necessaires pour l'etude des proprietes des polymeres solides: la methode des moments, la relaxation nucleaire et la distribution des temps de correlation. La deuxieme partie presente les resultats des experiences. (auteur)

Generalities on the dynamic behaviour of rapid reactors. Preliminary studies on Rapsodie; Generalites sur le comportement dynamique des piles rapides. Etudes preliminaires de rapsodie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Campan, J L; Chaumont, J P; Clauzon, P P; Ghesquiere, G; Leduc, J; Schmitt, A P; Zaleski, C P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-07-01

The study of the dynamic behaviour of fast reactors may be divided into three section: 1. Stability studies around equilibrium power only the linear case was examining. S. Transient studies in the case of usual reactor operation (shut down, scram, etc.) with thermal shocks evaluation, for instance. 3. Explosion studies, for the maximum credible accidents. This report presents the status of the studies performed at the 'Physics Research Department' at Cadarache. Methods used are detailed and illustrated with the results obtained on a preliminary metallic core of the Rapsodie Reactor. (authors) [French] Le comportement dynamique des piles rapides, se presente tout naturellement sous trois aspects: 1. Etude de stabilite autour d'un regime d'equilibre (nous nous sommes bornes ici au cas lineaire). 2. Etude de regimes transitoires lors des operations normales de pile (arret, arret d'urgence, etc.) avec evaluation des chocs thermiques par exemple. 3. Etude des regimes transitoires de caractere explosif lors des accidents les plus graves possibles. Ce rapport presente l'etat des etudes a la date du 20 decembre 1961 a la Section d'Etudes de Piles Rapides a CADARACHE. Les methodes employees ont ete detaillees et illustrees a partir des resultats obtenus sur une premiere version 'combustible metallique' de Rapsodie. (auteurs)

Poster Presentations: Conceptualizing, Constructing and Critiquing

Science.gov (United States)

Newbrey, Michael G.; Baltezore, Joan M.

2006-01-01

Posters are commonly used as tools for disseminating information at scientific meetings, but many students lack an understanding of "good" poster characteristics. We present a set of characteristics for use in constructing posters for scientific meetings and classroom presentations along with tips on critiquing posters to enhance their…

The silencing of Kierkegaard in Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement.

Science.gov (United States)

Christiansen, Karin

2009-06-01

The main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an important part of Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement, which has been largely ignored in the discussion; namely his use of Kierkegaard's reflections on the existential conditions for becoming one-self from Either/or and the Sickness unto Death. It will be argued that, although Habermas presents some valuable and highly significant perspectives on the effect of genetic enhancement on the individual's self-understanding and ability to experience him- or herself as a free and equal individual, he does not succeed in working out a consistent argument. The claim is that he fails to explain how the existential analysis is related to his reflections on the sociological and psychological impacts of genetic enhancement in the realm of communicative action. It is this lack of theoretical clarity, which seems to render Habermas vulnerable to some of the critique which has been raised against his theory from a number of different scientific disciplines and areas of research. Hence, the first part of the paper provides some examples of the nature and variety of this critique, the second part presents Habermas' own critique of genetic enhancement in the context of a dispute between so-called 'liberal' and 'conservative' arguments, and finally, the third part discusses the limits and possibilities of his position in a future debate about genetic enhancement.

An Analysis of the Critique of Kant’s “Categorical”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A Azhdar

2012-09-01

This rule underpins an important ethical school which is known as “Obligationism”. Although this school has attracted many scholars of ethics philosophy, there are also many critiques against it. This article aims to study and analyze “the critique of maximal categorical” in such school with regard to Islamic ethics in order to show that the attempts of those who have tried to prove the compatibility of this rule with Islamic ethics are in vain and lead to no result.

Use of hydraulic and aerial mock up to study atmospheric pollution; L'utilisation des maquettes aeriennes et hydrauliques pour l'etude de la pollution atmospherique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Facy, L; Perrin De Brichambaut, C; Doury, A; Le Quinio, R

1962-07-01

Fundamental studies on turbulent atmospheric diffusion of finely divided particles, cannot remain on a purely theoretical basis. Further experimental studies must be considered. - In full scale, from accidental and induced releases. - On a reduced scale, in aerodynamic wind tunnels or hydraulic water tunnels. A first set of studies on reduced scale models has been worked out according to a contract between French 'Meteorologie Nationale' and French 'Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique' and with the Collaboration of Saint-Cyr 'Institut Aerotechnique'. Essentially two kinds of results have been obtained: - The mathematical model of SUTTON for the turbulent diffusion in the atmosphere, deduced from the SUTTON theory, generally used by us, has been correctly verified, qualitatively and quantitatively whenever experiments were consistent with the theory conditions. - The quantitative assays of photographic and cinematographic visualization have given precise details on the phenomena inaccessible to calculations, due to the influence of obstacles and release conditions. - Generally, it can be asserted, that the atmospheric pollution studies are worked out by mock up experimentations and that, in some cases these experiments never can be replaced by mathematically pure models. (authors) [French] Les etudes fondamentales portant sur la diffusion turbulente dans l'atmosphere de quantites de matieres finement divisees, ne peuvent se maintenir sur un plan exclusivement theorique. C'est pourquoi des etudes experimentales complementaires doivent etre obligatoirement envisagees: - en vraie grandeur, a partir d'emissions accidentelles ou provoquees; - sur modeles reduits, en soufflerie aerodynamique ou en veine hydraulique. En ce qui concerne les modeles reduits, une premiere serie d'etudes a pu etre menee a bien, dans le cadre d'un contrat passe entre la Meteorologie Nationale et le Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, et avec la collaboration de l'Institut Aerotechnique de Saint

Auguste Comte’s Critique of Political Economy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Biscaia

2009-10-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article is to present Auguste Comte’s critique of the Political Economy of his time as well as the proposals for social reform flowing from it. The methodological framework is built up on the categories proposed by the History of Ideas, in particular those of M. Bevir and Q. Skinner. What we can refer to as “Comtian economic theory” can be found in his “Social Statics”, in the sections dealing with property and the material elements of society, and in his “Social Dynamics”, where reference is made to the interrelationships between political, social and economic changes throughout history. This economic theory establishes dialogs both with liberals and “communists”, on the one hand defending the need for property and on the other, arguing for the subordination of property to social needs and providing a severe critique of individualism. The theory has both direct and indirect consequences: on the one hand, society cannot be reduced to the “market” and the State cannot neglect economic fluctuations; on the other hand, the most immediate conflicts of interest between proletarians and “patricians” cannot deny the social origin of wealth, requiring moral and legal measures for the regulation and resolution of these conflicts. In this regard, Comte may be seen as a precursor of the Welfare State, or at least a theoretician of social justice. Keywords: Auguste Comte, Positivism, Sociology, critique of Political Economy, holist methodology, social justice.

The formation of scientists and technicians at the 'Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires' at Saclay; Formation des scientifiques et des techniciens au Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Debiesse, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

The considerable needs in research workers and scientists which are asked by the nuclear energy obliged the Commissariat a l'Energie atomique to deal with a particular effort to increase the quantitative and qualitative formation of scientists. Most various ways have been used. 1- A National Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Nuclear Techniques was created, by a joint decree of the Prime Minister and the Minister for National Education (june 18, 1957). This Institute of Higher Teaching (250 students) indulges in the following matters: atomic engineering, quantum mechanics, theory and technic of particle accelerators, special metallurgy, radiobiology, thermic and mechanics of fluids. 2- An associated centre of the 'Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers' waeated (200 students) for technical assistants, drawers, etc. 3- In contribution with both electronic industry and Ministry of Work, the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires contributes to an accelerated formation of technical assistants into Professional Centres. Conclusion: Training of scientists and research workers is one of the most important activities of the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay. Without losing its technical efficiency, it has supplied and varied means adapted to the various purposes that we shall reach. (author)Fren. [French] Les besoins considerables actuels et previsibles en chercheurs et scientifiques necessites par l'avevement de l'energie nucleaire imposaient au Commissariat a I'Energie atomique un effort particulier pour augmenter la formation quantitative et qualitative des scientifiques. Les moyens les plus divers ont ete mis en oeuvre: 1- Creation de l'Institut National des Sciences et Techniques Nucleaires par decret de la Presidence du Conseil et de l'Education Nationale en date du 18.6.57. Cet Institut d'Enseignement Superieur (250 etudiants) donne des cours en: genie atomique, mecanique quantique, theorie et technique des Accelerateurs de particules, metallurgie speciale, radiobiologie

Female visibility through Korean literature: Feminist theological critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eun Ok Jeong

2003-10-01

Full Text Available This article introduces Korean women’s experience as seen through the lense of social and cultural backgrounds, from the premodern through to the postmodern era. Korean literature is used as a source to investigate Korean women’s experiences and perspectives. By means of feminist critique this article explores men-centered influences in Korean literature. It aims to illustrate the importance of the issue of female visibility through Korean literature from a Korean woman’s perspective. Two texts are analyzed and critiqued: the first is the myth of Korean origin. The second is a story of Gasi Gogi (a thorny fish. The article is intended to stimulate debate on gender, voices, and authority from a feminist perspective, in order to transcend the more traditional interpretations.

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: An Islamic critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anke Iman Bouzenita

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Abraham Maslow’s model of the hierarchy of needs is pervasive in many academic specialisations. After a short description of the model, this article summarises the existing criticisms. While criticism on the empirical validity of the model and its ethno-centricity are frequently mentioned in the literature, the authors of this article give special focus on the missing consideration of the spiritual aspect of human existence in Maslow’s model. The study explores reasons for the commodification of the model (i.e. the divorcing of the model from its substance and using it simply as a commodity and the non-consideration of Maslow’s later changes. Special focus is laid on the usage of this model in marketing, given its position as a field which embodies the capitalist perspective so completely through, particularly, advertising but also through the conceptualisation of people. The article describes the model’s diverse reception in Muslim academic circles. It offers an Islamic critique of both its foundations and its usage. The study concludes that attempts at harmonising the model with the higher objectives (maqāṣid of the Sharī‘ah do not do justice to either model.

Bastions of Mechanism, Castles Built on Sand: A Critique of Schooling from an Ecological Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Steen, Sandy

2003-01-01

The realization of the goals of environmental education may involve a critique and transformation of the dominant model of schooling. Specifically, a greater emphasis on second-order change is necessary in order to address the mechanistic structures and dynamics of schooling that may frustrate environmental education. Several of the mechanistic…

Towards a Critique of Political Democracy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Tronti

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Starting from the idea that democracy always binds together a practice of domination and a project of liberation, Tronti formulates the conditions for a critique of democracy that would permit a rebirth of political thought in the current conjuncture. Bringing the heterodox Marxist traditions of ‘workerism’ and the ‘autonomy of the political’ together with the feminist thinking of difference, Tronti underscores the identitarian tendencies of democracy and the difficulties of combining democracy with a genuine notion of freedom. For Tronti, democracy is increasingly synonymous with the pervasiveness of capitalism understood as ‘bourgeois society’, and the victory of ‘real democracy’ (as one might speak of ‘real socialism’ is the sociological victory of the bourgeoisie. The homo oeconomicus and the homo democraticus are fused into the dominant figure of democracy, the ‘mass bourgeois’. Against the depoliticizing consequences of ‘democratic Empire’, Tronti proposes a profound rethinking of our notion of politics, one which should not shy from reconsidering the elitist critiques of democracy.

[A anthropological critique of the ethic of care].

Science.gov (United States)

Bertrand, Aliénor

2011-03-01

This article is a critique of the anthropology of vulnerability and of the needs on which the ethics of care are based. Firstly, this critique confronts the universal postulate of the anthropology of vulnerability to the history of the anthropology of illness. The latter manages to build up a specific disciplinary field in refusing the supervision of the medical sciences and the implicit principle to consider illness as an universal fact. The paper refers to the anthropology of nature and Philippe Descola's work in order to develop a comparative study of the systems of representations, including the naturalism of biomedicine as a model among others. It then presents the descriptions of the representations of vulnerability and the needs which are linked to the four main ontologies defined by anthropology of nature, animism, totemism, analogy and naturalism, and gives a new light to the anthropology on which the ethics of care rest. That anthropology of vulnerability could be an involuntary factor in order to make societies conform to an hygienic constraint. The ethics of care would therefore benefit greatly in freeing themselves from anthropology of vulnerability and focus on their original contextualism; in particular, they would benefit of the knowledge of the limits of naturalism at their basis. It will also allow them to provide a new tool for engineering social transformations in a time, the beginning of XXI century, when cultures happen to mix.

The Ambivalence of Creative Activism as a Reorganization of Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harrebye, Silas

2015-01-01

This article identifies an emerging type of critique and defines it as creative activism. It is argued why this is distinguishable from earlier similar forms of protests and shown why traditional theories of political art, social movements and citizenship are in themselves insufficient to accurat......This article identifies an emerging type of critique and defines it as creative activism. It is argued why this is distinguishable from earlier similar forms of protests and shown why traditional theories of political art, social movements and citizenship are in themselves insufficient...

Kantian Feeling: Empirical Psychology, Transcendental Critique, and Phenomenology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick Frierson

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This paper explores the relationship between empirical psychology, transcendental critique, and phenomenology in Kant’s discussion of respect for the moral law, particularly as that is found in the Critique of Practical Reason. I first offer an empirical-psychological reading of moral respect, in the context of which I distinguish transcendental and empirical perspectives on moral action and defend H. J. Paton’s claim that moral motivation can be seen from two points of view, where “from one point of view, [respect] is the cause of our action, but from another point of view the moral law is its ground.” Then, after a discussion of a distinction between first- and second-order transcendental/practical perspectives where reasons for action are first-order practical judgments while the conditions of possibility for those reasons’ authority are expressed in second-order judgments, I turn to a third kind of perspective: the properly phenomenological one. I explain the general notion of Kantian phenomenology with an example of the experience of time from Kant’s Anthropology before applying this to a phenomenological reading of the discussion of respect in the Critique of Practical Reason. I end by noting that on my account, in contrast to that of Jeanine Grenberg, the distinctive phenomenology of respect is not systematically important for grounding claims in moral philosophy.

Etude de la qualité physico-chimique et biologique des eaux du ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Etude de la qualité physico-chimique et biologique des eaux du fleuve Niger à Niamey. ... le récepteur principal des rejets d'eaux usées de la ville de Niamey, capital du ... La description de ces taxons montre une variation de la structure des ...

Contribution to the experimental study of the critical scattering of cold neutrons in iron; Contriiution a l'etude experimentale de la diffusion critique des neutrons froids par le fer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Konstantinovic, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-03-15

The aim of the present work is a study of magnetic fluctuations which are produced in iron in the neighbourhood of the Curie temperature, by neutron scattering. We start by briefly recalling the theory of scattering of neutrons by magnetic substances and Landau's theory of second order phase transitions which enables one to derive the magnetic cross section near the Curie temperature. Following this is a description of the experimental apparatus after which we present the experimental results. The analysis of the results confirms the four-third law obeyed by the magnetic susceptibility near the Curie point, predicted by recent theories based on the Heisenberg model. However, the analysis reveals a non-zero relaxation time for the magnetic fluctuations at the Curie point, which is in disagreement with theoretical conclusions. (author) [French] L'objet du present travail est l'etude des fluctuations d'aimantation qui prennent naissance dans le fer au voisinage de sa temperature de Curie par la diffusion des neutrons. Nous commencons par rappeler brievement les generalites sur la diffusion des neutrons par les substances magnetiques et la theorie de Landau des transitions de phase du second ordre qui permet de deriver une expression de la section efficace magnetique pres de la temperature de Curie. Ensuite, apres la description du dispositif experimental, nous presentons les resultats experimentaux. L'analyse de ces resultats confirme les theories recentes suivant le modele d'Heisenberg en ce qui concerne la 'loi en 4/3' de la susceptibilite magnetique au voisinage du point de Curie; mais par ailleurs elle revele l'existence d'un temps de relaxation des fluctuations d'aimantation non nul en ce point, ce qui est en desaccord avec les previsions theoriques actuelles. (auteur)

Integral measurements of lattice properties in the natural uranium-graphite critical facility Marius; Mesures globales de reseaux a graphite dans l'empilement critique marius

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cogne, F [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

A systematic study of natural uranium-graphite lattices has been undertaken in the critical facility MARIUS, which was built in 1959 in Marcoule. Integral measurement of lattice properties are carried out by the progressive replacement method. This report describes the experimental methods, the analysis of the experiments and the results obtained for lattices with pitches ranging from 192 to 317 mm and fuel elements with cross sections ranging from 6 to 20 cm{sup 2}. The principles of correlation of the results are also outlined. Additional experimental results are also given, pertaining to the determination of the anisotropy, of both the axial and the radial migration areas, and of the age in graphite. (author) [French] L'empilement critique MARIUS, construit en 1959 a Marcoule, a ete utilise pour l'etude systematique des reseaux a graphite-uranium naturel. Les mesures globales de reseaux sont faites par la methode de remplacement progressif. On decrit ici les methodes experimentales utilisees pour ces mesures globales, les principes du depouillement et les resultats obtenus pour des pas de 192 a 317 mm et des combustibles de 6 a 20 cm{sup 2} d'uranium naturel. On donne d'autre part le principe de correlation des mesures. Un certain nombre de resultats experimentaux complementaires sont donnes, en permettant de determiner l'anisotropie, les aires de migration axiale et radiale, l'age dans le graphite. (auteur)

"With Grace under Pressure": How Critique as Signature Pedagogy Fosters Effective Music Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Hastings, David M.

2017-01-01

Inspired by seminal writings on Critique as Signature Pedagogy in the Arts and performance as Signature Pedagogy in Music, this article unifies these two concepts into a study of how critique as signature pedagogy in music-performance promotes student learning. This essay seeks to first define the notion of different mindsets as musicians perform…

A critique of statistical hypothesis testing in clinical research

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Somik Raha

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Many have documented the difficulty of using the current paradigm of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs to test and validate the effectiveness of alternative medical systems such as Ayurveda. This paper critiques the applicability of RCTs for all clinical knowledge-seeking endeavors, of which Ayurveda research is a part. This is done by examining statistical hypothesis testing, the underlying foundation of RCTs, from a practical and philosophical perspective. In the philosophical critique, the two main worldviews of probability are that of the Bayesian and the frequentist. The frequentist worldview is a special case of the Bayesian worldview requiring the unrealistic assumptions of knowing nothing about the universe and believing that all observations are unrelated to each other. Many have claimed that the first belief is necessary for science, and this claim is debunked by comparing variations in learning with different prior beliefs. Moving beyond the Bayesian and frequentist worldviews, the notion of hypothesis testing itself is challenged on the grounds that a hypothesis is an unclear distinction, and assigning a probability on an unclear distinction is an exercise that does not lead to clarity of action. This critique is of the theory itself and not any particular application of statistical hypothesis testing. A decision-making frame is proposed as a way of both addressing this critique and transcending ideological debates on probability. An example of a Bayesian decision-making approach is shown as an alternative to statistical hypothesis testing, utilizing data from a past clinical trial that studied the effect of Aspirin on heart attacks in a sample population of doctors. As a big reason for the prevalence of RCTs in academia is legislation requiring it, the ethics of legislating the use of statistical methods for clinical research is also examined.

Beyond critique: rethinking roles for the anthropology of mental health.

Science.gov (United States)

Whitley, Rob

2014-09-01

The current supremacy of the 'bio-bio-bio' model within the discipline of psychiatry has progressively marginalized social science approaches to mental health. This situation begs the question, what role is there for the anthropology of mental health? In this essay, I contend that there are three essential roles for the anthropology of mental health in an era of biological psychiatry. These roles are to (i) provide a meaningful critique of practices, beliefs, and movements within current psychiatry; (ii) illuminate the socio-cultural, clinical, and familial context of suffering and healing regarding emotional distress/mental illness; and (iii) act as a catalyst for positive change regarding healing, services and provisions for people with emotional distress/mental illness. My argument is unified by my contention that a credible anthropology of mental health intending to make a societal contribution should offer no opposition without proposition. In other words, any critique must be counter-balanced by the detailing of solutions and proposals for change. This will ensure that the anthropology of mental health continues to contribute critical knowledge to the understanding of mental suffering, distress, and healing. Such social and cultural approaches are becoming especially important given the widespread disenchantment with an increasingly dominant biological psychiatry.

Toward Conceptualising Cultural Diversity: An Indigenous Critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Manu'atu, Linita; Kepa, Mere

This paper, written from the perspectives of indigenous Maori and Tongan researchers, critiques the Auckland Secondary Schools Principals Association's (ASSPA) perspective that culture disrupts students' schooling. It discusses the relations of schooling to the cultural and political forces inside and outside of school; the relations of indigenous…

Bruno Latour, actor-networks, and the critique of critical sociology

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Spasić Ivana

2007-01-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes the theoretical opus of Bruno Latour and his treatment of the concept of critique. In the first section "actor-network theory" is presented through its key notions (actant, network, translation, associations together with Latour’s theory of modernity. In the second section various aspects of the relation between Latour and critique are discussed - first his own criticism of others (standard sociology and especially "critical", i.e. Bourdieu’s sociology, then the criticisms aimed at his work, to conclude with the political ambivalences of Latour’s attempt to develop an "acritical" social theory. .

Market Power and the Demsetz Quality Critique: An Evaluation for Food Retailing

OpenAIRE

Cotterill, Ronald W.; Harper, C. David

1994-01-01

This study analyzes supermarket firm prices to determine whether prices are related to market structure and whether the Demsetz quality critique is valid. Factor analysis is used to identify five service factors that are modeled with price as endogenous variables in a simultaneous equations framework to test whether a more concentrated market structure is related to higher service levels which, in turn, are related to higher prices (the Demsetz hypothesis) and whether a more concentrated mark...

186 Etude théorique du transport électronique par la simulation ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

youness

Choukria SAYAH et al. 186. Etude théorique du ... For that we carried out the microscopic simulations, based on the Monte. Carlo method. ... intervalles, piezoelectric as well as the interactions of alloy and on ionized impurities. ..... SAYA et al. 198. [5] - R. W. Hockney, J. W. Eastwood, "Computer simulation using particles",.

Out of time : the limits of secular critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Randell-Moon, Holly

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A review of Talal Asad, Wendy Brown, Judith Butler, Saba Mahmood, 'Is critique secular? Blasphemy, injury, and free speech' and Michael Warner, Jonathan Vanantwerpen, and Craig Calhoun (eds, 'Varieties of secularism in a secular age'.

The virtual dental home: a critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Friedman, Jay W; Nash, David A; Mathu-Muju, Kavita R

2017-09-01

The Virtual Dental Home is a concept of the Pacific Center for Special Care of the Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry in San Francisco. It is designed to improve access to dental care for underserved populations, specifically children and institutionalized adults. This article describes the development and implementation of the Virtual Dental Home, subsequently critiquing the concept. The criteria for a dental home are not met by the program. It is the equivalent of a traditional public oral health prevention and screening program, with the additional dimension of allowing dental hygienists and assistants to place interim glass ionomer restorations in dental cavities. The critique questions the need to insert a "cloud" dentist into the process. The routine utilization of radiographs is also challenged. The VDH not only lacks the attributes of a dental home, it has not been shown to be as efficient and effective as traditional programs staffed by dental hygienists and dental therapists. The article concludes by describing how programs utilizing dental therapists could address the deficiencies of the Virtual Dental Home, effectively improving access to oral health care for underserved populations. © 2017 American Association of Public Health Dentistry.

Design and construction of a fast critical facility; Etude et construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides; Proektirovanie i sooruzhenie kriticheskoj sborki na bystrykh nejtronakh; Proyecto u construccion de un conjunto critico de neutrones rapidos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kato, W Y; Dates, L R [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1962-03-15

construction d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides. On considere que dans un programme de mise au point de reacteurs a neutrons rapides, un ensemble critique fournit un moyen tres utile de verifier les methodes de calculs, les ensembles de sections efficaces neutroniques et d'obtenir l'ensemble des parametres physiques necessaires a la conception d'un reacteur de puissance. Puisqu'il s'agit avant tout d'un instrument de physique, la realisation d'un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides implique la solution d'un certain nombre de problemes qui sont tres differents de ceux que pose un reacteur de puissance. Outre les problemes habituels de site, de confinement, de construction du coeur et d'appareillage, il faut resoudre des problemes tels que les suivants: associer une grande souplesse a la securite, determiner les dimensions et le type de l'appareil qui convient le mieux aux besoins de la physique experimentale, determiner le nombre et l'emplacement de barres de controle et de securite en vue de reduire au minimum les effets perturbateurs, assurer la reproductibilit e d'emploi des barres de controle et autres elements mobiles en vue d'obtenir la pre- cision necessaire dans les mesures de la reactivite. Ces problemes sont parmi ceux qui sont decrits dans le memoire, qui decoule de l'experience acquise dernierement au Laboratoire national d'Argonne; ce dernier fait construire actuellement au Centre de Lemont (Illinois) un ensemble critique a neutrons rapides, le ZPR-YI, destine aux etudes de physique d'un reacteur a neutrons rapides. Le ZPR-VI est du type a coeur divise, comme le ZPR-III. Le volume de sa matrice est 2,5 fois superieur a celui de la matrice du modele precedent; il servira a etudier les proprietes physiques de grands reacteurs, hautement dilues, a combustibles metalliques et ceramiques, non ralentis et partiellement ralentis, avec un coeur dont le volume peut atteindre 1500 l environ. Les auteurs donnent une description detaillee du ZPR-VI et analysent les

Maternal Depression and Developmental Disability: Research Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Bailey, Donald B., Jr.; Golden, Robert N.; Roberts, Jane; Ford, Amy

2007-01-01

Maternal depression in families having a child with a disability has been the subject of considerable research over the past 25 years. This review was designed to describe the literature on maternal depression, critique its research methodology, identify consensus findings across studies, and make recommendations for future research. A particular…

Brouillons scolaires et critique génétique : nouveaux regards, nouveaux égards ?

OpenAIRE

Fabre-Cols, Claudine

2011-01-01

En s’interrogeant sur ce qui a commencé de changer dans la réflexion et les pratiques en didactique de l’écriture depuis la prise en compte de la critique génétique au début des années quatre-vingt, l’auteur dégage un bilan en trois points : La critique génétique propose un ancrage théorique et une méthode d'analyse des activités d'écriture.La critique génétique permet de (se) représenter toute écriture comme un travail et une recherche.La critique génétique place le sujet scripteur au centre...

Magnetic study of solid uranium-fluorine complexes; Contribution a l'etude magnetique de composes fluores solides de l'uranium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dianoux, A J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-06-01

A study of the magnetic susceptibility of uranium V fluorine complexes and of the magnetic resonance of fluorine atoms in uranium VI fluorine complexes has made it possible to put forward a structural model for these compounds for which it is impossible, because of the lack of suitable single crystals for X-ray diffraction work, to deduce the exact position of the fluorine atoms. It is shown that it is difficult to interpret the paramagnetism of uranium fluorides, because the uranium ions are in low-symmetry sites. A theoretical study of the magnetism of the U{sup V} ion in complex fluorides of the type M{sub 3}UF{sub 8} (M = NH{sub 4}, Na, Rb, Cs) leads to an interpretation based on a trigonal deformation of the eight fluorine atom structure surrounding the uranium atom. By applying a Hamiltonian spin formalism and making a systematic use of group theory, it is possible to present the susceptibility calculations very concisely. Study of the resonance and of the relaxation of the fluorine atoms in powdered uranium VI complex fluorides suggests a structural model in the case of NaUF{sub 7}. It is shown that the shape of the magnetic resonance absorption lines is strongly affected by the presence of large anisotropic chemical shifts. In the model proposed here, six fluorine atoms are linked to the uranium, atom by strongly covalent bonds in a deformed UF{sub 6} octahedral structure; the seventh fluorine atom remains ionic. The occurrence of a rotational movement of the octahedron is confirmed by a study of the longitudinal relaxation of the fluorine atoms, the activation energy being 0.46 eV. (author) [French] L'etude de la susceptibilite magnetique de complexes fluores d'uranium V et la resonance magnetique des fluors dans des complexes fluores d'uranium VI permettent de proposer un modele structural pour ces composes, ou la diffraction des rayons X, en l'absence de monocristaux convenables, est incapable de preciser la position des atomes de fluor. Nous montrons

152 Etude de cas sur l'impact des amendements organiques vis-à ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

john mukalay

Etude de cas sur l'impact des amendements organiques vis-à-vis de la salinité en culture de bananier. Michel Mazinga KWEY1, Séverin Kalala BANZE2 et John Banza MUKALAY2*. 1Laboratoire des cultures in vitro, Département de phytotechnie, Faculté des sciences agronomiques,. Université de Lubumbashi, BP 1825, ...

The Madoffization of Irish society: from Ponzi finance to sociological critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Monaghan, Lee F; O'Flynn, Micheal

2017-12-01

Financialization and neoliberal policy created the Celtic Tiger. This economic 'miracle' furthered creditors' and property developers' speculative interests, leading to an unstable financial pyramid that eventually imploded in 2008 with catastrophic consequences for Irish society. Using the sociological imagination as social critique, this paper offers a lens on fictitious capital and Ponzi finance in the context of Ireland's boom and bust. Critique is advanced using the Madoffization of society thesis, a sociological heuristic that draws formal comparisons between Bernie Madoff's US$65 billion Ponzi scheme, which collapsed in 2008, and financialized capitalism. The Madoff case exhibits five main elements or forms which, it has been argued, underlie the varying content of life on a much broader scale: accumulation by debt expansion, mass deception, efforts to maintain secrecy and silence, obfuscation, and scapegoating. In conclusion, a crucial difference between the Madoff case and the Madoffization of Irish society is underscored. Discussion also moves from critique to hope amidst calls to renew sociology and transform financialized capitalism. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

Etude comparative de la flore aux abords des cours d'eau dans les ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Etude comparative de la flore aux abords des cours d'eau dans les zones hypo et hyper endémiques d'ulcère de Buruli en Côte d'Ivoire. C. Cisse Boni, E. Ehouman, D. Soro, M.W. Kone, A. Bakayoko, F. Dembele, K. Bauthire, M Dosso ...

Putting the Steam Back into Critique? "Gathering" for Critical-Dissensual Collaborations in Education Policy Research

Science.gov (United States)

Heimans, Stephen; Singh, Parlo

2018-01-01

Bruno Latour famously asked, "Why has critique run out of steam?". In this paper we draw on his ideas to present some resources for "gathering"--for doing education policy research with others--which we term "critical-dissensual collaboration". We believe that our education policy research "critique from…

Study of electron groupings in the Saclay linear accelerator; Etude du groupement des electrons dans l'accelerateur lineaire de Saclay

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bergere, R; Veyssiere, A; Beil, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The classical theory of the linear accelerator buncher does not fit the experimental measurements of the shape of the bunch of electrons performed at Saclay by the method of the energy spectrum. If the spurious effect of the mode converter at the input of the linac is taken into account the theory can fit the experimental results and also explain the variations of the phase of the bunch on the accelerating sine wave. (authors) [French] Une etude classique du groupeur en tete de l'Accelerateur Lineaire de Saclav conduit a des resultats incompatibles avec les resultats experimentaux obtenus sur le groupement des electrons par l'etude du spectre des frequences rayonnees par le faisceau d'electrons ou par l'etude des spectres en energie. Par contre si l'effet parasite du convertisseur de mode a l'entree de l'accelerateur est pris en consideration les resultats theoriques coincident bien avec les resultats experimentaux et permettent en outre d'expliquer les variations du calage en phase des paquets elementaires d'electrons. (auteurs)

Comparison Of The Worth Of Critical And Exponential Measurements For Heavy-Water-Moderated Reactors; Valeur Relative des Mesures Critiques et Exponentielles pour l'Etude des Reacteurs Ralentis a l'Eau Lourde; Sravnenie tsennosti kriticheskikh i ehksponentsial'nykh izmerenij dlya reaktorov s tyazhelovodnym zamedlitelem; Valor Relativo de las Mediciones Criticas y Exponenciales para los Reactores Moderados por Agua Pesada

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Graves, W. E.; Hennelly, E. J. [Savannah River Laboratory, E.I. Du Pont De Nemours and Co., Aiken, SC (United States)

1964-02-15

experiences a l'aide d'ensembles critiques et les comparaisons faites entre experiences exponentielles et experiences critiques font l'objet d'un apercu dans le present memoire et d'un expose detaille dans un autre memoire. 3. Evaluation des barres de controle Une analyse appropriee des experiences exponentielles semble donner de bons resultats lorsqu'il s'agit de mesures de l'antireactivite totale. Cependant, si l'on veut etudier convenablement certaines caracteristiques du flux, il faut un ensemble critique de dimensions normales tel que le PDP. 4. Coefficients de temperature Les experiences exponentielles offrent une methode excellente si l'on veut determiner le coefficient thermique du laplacien pour un chauffage de reseau uniforme. Une installation speciale (PSE) du SRL permet de proceder a ces mesures a des temperatures allant jusqu'a 215 Degree-Sign C. Pour un chauffage non uniforme, on prefere generalement utiliser des ensembles critiques. 5. Reseaux mixtes Dans les reacteurs, on utilise rarement les reseaux uniformes simples auxquels les experiences exponentielles s'appliquent essentiellement. Au SRL, on fait des experiences critiques a chargements mixtes tant pour mesurer les effets directs dans des maquettes de reacteurs que pour verifier les calculs de diffusion heterogenes et a deux dimensions. 6. Etudes,au point de vue de l'etat critique, du comportement dans l'eau ordinaire d'un combustible destine a un reseau a eau lourde Les ensembles exponentiels du SRL se sont reveles particulierement utiles pour les etudes visant a determiner comment manipuler le combustible enrichi dans l'eau ordinaire. Ces travaux ne necessitent pas une tres grande exactitude; les experiences exponentielles d'un caractere, plus general sont nettement preferables aux experiences critiques d'un caractere plus particulier. (author) [Spanish] Con los conjuntos criticos y los exponenciales se obtienen generalmente informaciones en parte repetidas sobre los reticulados de reactor. En los

Atoms Want to Be Free Too! Expanding the Critique of Intellectual Property to Physical Goods

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Johan Söderberg

2012-01-01

Full Text Available “Atoms are the new bits”. That is the latest buzz arising from the Californian trade press. What do we get when this dictum is sampled with the old rallying cry: “Information wants to be free”? We suggest that the predominant, bounded critique of intellectual property is thereby destabilised. Constitutive of that critique was the exceptionality attributed to information goods (bits vis-a-vis tangible goods (atoms. It was thus intellectual property could be presented as something altogether different from private property. We recognise that this way of framing the issue has had tactical advantages, but contend that it has stood in the way of a deeper understanding of what intellectual property is. When the critique of proprietary software is expanded by an emerging movement for open hardware development, however, the boundary between intellectual property and property as such crumbles. This enables us to renew our critique of the political economy of information.

A critique of the ontology of consumer enchantment

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Østergaard, Per; Fitchett, James; Jantzen, Christian

2013-01-01

The concept of enchantment offers a plausible explanation of the lures and thrills of consumer culture. We examine the theoretical foundation of the concept through a critique of Ritzer's enchantment thesis. We begin by assessing the enchantment/disenchantment discourse through a review of the main...

Study: control of atomic energy power plant; Etude de la regulation d'une installation atomique productrice d'energie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dautray, R; Leny, J C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

We are studying the control of a very flexible atomic power plant, able to supply an independent network. Two systems have been examined: in the first the moderator pre-heats the light water, in the second, this preheating is dispensed with, subsequent to a study of the dynamics of the plant. Very complete linear approximation study is being effected on the model of the second system, all effects being taken into account. The reactor is stable at all power levels, though slight reactivity or load variations cause undamped power oscillations around the equilibrium level. (author)Fren. [French] Nous etudions la regulation d'une installation atomique d'une grande souplesse, pouvant eventuellement fournir de l'energie a un reseau isole. Deux versions de l'installation sont etudiees: dans la premiere le moderateur sert a rechauffer l'eau industrielle, mais l'etude dynamique conduit a supprimer ce rechauffage, ce qui donne la deuxieme version. On effectue sur celle-ci une etude en approximation lineaire tres complete ou l'on tient compte de differents effets. L'installation se montre stable a tous les niveaux de puissance. Toutefois, de petites perturbations de reactivite ou de charge entrainent des oscillations de puissance mal amorties autour de la position d'equilibre. (auteur)

Study of the dynamic behaviour of the reactor Rapsodie; Etude du comportement dynamique de la pile rapsodie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Abdon, R; Chaigne, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

. The investigation of the control, carried out on analog computer, served to determine the different possible means of starting and changing the conditions of the reactor as well as its automatic control. The calculations were examined in the totality by the construction of a training simulator composed of a board similar to the control board of the reactor, all of whose commands (reactivity and flows) work on an analogue computer which resolves in the real time the dynamic equations of the reactor and which reproduces simultaneously all the parameters representing the state of the installation (power, period, temperatures, etc. ) in the case of various incidents as well as under normal conditions of functioning. (authors) [French] On sait que le developpement des reacteurs surgenerateurs a neutrons rapides pose des problemes nouveaux d'une part dans les domaines mecanique et thermique et d'autre part en ce qui concerne leur comportement dynamique et leur surete. La pile RAPSODIE a ete l'objet de tres nombreuses etudes dynamiques effectuees sur machines analogiques et digitales, pour deux versions du combustible (metal et oxyde). Apres elaboration des modeles mathematiques representatifs de l'ensemble de l'installation (bloc pile et circuit de refroidissement) tant du point de vue neutronique que du point de vue thermodynamique, on a mis au point les schemas analogiques et les codes digitaux utilisables pour mener a bien les simulations d'incidents, de conduite et de stabilite du reacteur. On s'est attache, par rapport aux methodes habituelles a obtenir une precision plus grande, par un decoupage en zones plus fines, par l'emploi de formulations plus representatives du systeme reel, voire solubles analytiquement. Les etudes d'incidents ont ete effectuees par voie analogique pour l'ensemble de l'installation et par voie digitale pour l'etude du bloc pile seul ou de l'installation fonctionnant avec un seul circuit thermique. Un programme complementaire special - qui, a

Boot Camps: A Critique and a Proposed Alternative.

Science.gov (United States)

Salerno, Anthony W.

1994-01-01

Explores origins of boot camp concept and application of its principles to juvenile delinquents. Offers eight-point critique of concept itself. Concludes with alternative: combination of intermittent incarceration (lasting at least six months and comprised of "no frills" camp for one week, followed by weekends gradually spaced further…

On Alain Badiou’s ‘Critique of Religion’

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Karlsen, Mads Peter

2018-01-01

This paper examines Alain Badiou’s critical engagement with religion. It is argued that there are two central points at which religion enters the scene of Badiou’s philosophy. First, in his critique, the ‘motif of finitude’ Badiou repeatedly refers to religion, claiming that ‘the obsession with f...

Automated Guidance for Thermodynamics Essays: Critiquing versus Revisiting

Science.gov (United States)

Donnelly, Dermot F.; Vitale, Jonathan M.; Linn, Marcia C.

2015-01-01

Middle school students struggle to explain thermodynamics concepts. In this study, to help students succeed, we use a natural language processing program to analyze their essays explaining the aspects of thermodynamics and provide guidance based on the automated score. The 346 sixth-grade students were assigned to either the critique condition…

Magnetic study of solid uranium-fluorine complexes; Contribution a l'etude magnetique de composes fluores solides de l'uranium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dianoux, A.J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-06-01

A study of the magnetic susceptibility of uranium V fluorine complexes and of the magnetic resonance of fluorine atoms in uranium VI fluorine complexes has made it possible to put forward a structural model for these compounds for which it is impossible, because of the lack of suitable single crystals for X-ray diffraction work, to deduce the exact position of the fluorine atoms. It is shown that it is difficult to interpret the paramagnetism of uranium fluorides, because the uranium ions are in low-symmetry sites. A theoretical study of the magnetism of the U{sup V} ion in complex fluorides of the type M{sub 3}UF{sub 8} (M = NH{sub 4}, Na, Rb, Cs) leads to an interpretation based on a trigonal deformation of the eight fluorine atom structure surrounding the uranium atom. By applying a Hamiltonian spin formalism and making a systematic use of group theory, it is possible to present the susceptibility calculations very concisely. Study of the resonance and of the relaxation of the fluorine atoms in powdered uranium VI complex fluorides suggests a structural model in the case of NaUF{sub 7}. It is shown that the shape of the magnetic resonance absorption lines is strongly affected by the presence of large anisotropic chemical shifts. In the model proposed here, six fluorine atoms are linked to the uranium, atom by strongly covalent bonds in a deformed UF{sub 6} octahedral structure; the seventh fluorine atom remains ionic. The occurrence of a rotational movement of the octahedron is confirmed by a study of the longitudinal relaxation of the fluorine atoms, the activation energy being 0.46 eV. (author) [French] L'etude de la susceptibilite magnetique de complexes fluores d'uranium V et la resonance magnetique des fluors dans des complexes fluores d'uranium VI permettent de proposer un modele structural pour ces composes, ou la diffraction des rayons X, en l'absence de monocristaux convenables, est incapable de preciser la position des atomes de

How to Rage Against the Dying of the Light? A Critique of Ritzer's McDonaldization Thesis.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

A. Peper (Bram)

1996-01-01

textabstractRitzer presents his 'The McDonalization of Society' as a social critique on the nationalization of modern society. In this article I will analyze the underlying assumptions of his critique. By means of a meta-theoretical analysis, I examine Ritzer's views on modernity and rationality.

Being Itself and the Being of Beings : Reading Aristotle’s Critique of Parmenides (Physics 1.3) after Metaphysics

OpenAIRE

Backman, Jussi

2018-01-01

The essay studies Aristotle’s critique of Parmenides (Physics 1.3) in the light of the Heideggerian account of Platonic-Aristotelian metaphysics as an approach to being (Sein) in terms of beings (das Seiende). Aristotle’s critique focuses on the presuppositions of the Parmenidean thesis of the unity of being. It is argued that a close study of the presuppositions of Aristotle’s own critique reveals an important difference between the Aristotelian metaphysical framework and the ...

Evolution des quasiparticules nodales du cuprate supraconducteur YBa2Cu3Oy en conductivite thermique

Science.gov (United States)

Rene de Cotret, Samuel

Ce memoire presente des mesures de conductivite thermique sur les supraconducteurs YBCO et Tl-2201 afin de statuer sur la presence possible d'un point critique quantique (QCP) dans le diagramme de phase de cuprates. Ce point critique quantique serait a l'origine de la reconstruction de la surface de Fermi, d'un large cylindre de trous en de petites poches de trous et d'electrons. La conductivite thermique dans le regime T → 0 permet d'extraire une quantite purement electronique liee aux vitesses de Fermi et du gap, au noeud. Une discontinuite dans cette quantite pourrait signaler la traversee du dopage critique qui reconstruit la surface de Fermi. Plusieurs sondes experimentales distinguent une transition de phase ou un crossover a T* a temperature finie. D'autres sondes mettent en evidence une transition de phase sous l'effet d'un champ magnetique. La presence ou non de cet ordre, a temperature et champ magnetique nul questionne la communaute depuis plusieurs annees. Dans cette etude, nous detectons une variation brusque de kappa0/T a p = 0.18 dans YBCO et a p = 0.20 dans Tl-2201. Ces sauts sont interpretes comme un signe de la transition a temperature nulle et sont en faveur d'un QCP. Le manque de donnees d'un meme materiau a ces dopages ne permet pas de valider hors de tout doute l'existence d'un point critique quantique. Le modele theorique YRZ decrit aussi bien les donnees de conductivite thermique. Des pistes de travaux experimentaux a poursuivre sont proposees pour determiner la presence ou non du QCP de facon franche. Mots-cles : Supraconducteurs, cuprates, conductivite thermique, point critique quantique.

Critique of the Communication Audit from the Academic Researcher's Perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Sincoff, Michael Z.; Goyer, Robert S.

The history of the International Communication Association's Communication Audit is briefly reviewed, and possible benefits and pitfalls of the approach are discussed. Certain assumptions and methods underlying the Communicaton Audit are critiqued. (AA)

Ethics as Critique: Foucault’s Contribution to Research Ethics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Gerd

The aim of my talk is to discuss how we can consider Michel Foucault’s concept of ethos and his endeavor for endless critique as an important contribution to research ethics in educational research. First, I intend to outline Foucault’s concept of ethos and its link to his concept of critique....... Second, I intend to demonstrate how it can fruitfully be applied to the established research ethics within qualitative research. This will occur through examples culled from a qualitative research project on the application of project studies (PBL) as a method at two Danish universities. The findings...... students. This had a significant impact on the possibilities and educational success of the students: while some students were marginalized or even excluded from the groups (and maybe even from the university) others were subjectivated as successful students. Thus, the findings points at ethics in general...

On the Genealogy of Kitsch and the Critique of Ideology: A Reflection on Method

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrius Bielskis

2018-02-01

Full Text Available This paper examines similarities and differences between the genealogical approach to social critique and the Marxist critique of ideology. Given the key methodological aspects of Michel Foucault’s genealogy—the fusion of power and discourse and the Nietzschean notion of the aesthetization of life—the paper argues that Hollywood kitsch maybe interpreted as a new dispositif. A key task of the genealogy of kitsch is to analyze the effects of fake Hollywood narratives: how they form and normalize us, what kind of subjectivities they produce, and what type of social relations they create. La La Land, a 2016 American musical, is discussed as a way of illustration. Theorists of the Frankfurt School also advanced their critiques of the popular culture and its forms of kitsch; yet they followed Marx and his conception of ideology. The paper concludes that the differences between genealogy and the critique of ideology are philosophical. Foucault rejected the Marxist conception of history and the notion of ideology as false consciousness. Kitsch, for a genealogist, is formative rather than repressive; it makes people pursue banal dreams. For a Marxist critic, popular culture as a form of ideology dulls our critical capacities and, therefore, leaves the status quo of alienation intact.

Une espérance post-critique ? Enjeux critiques de la conception ricœurienne de l'imaginaire social

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

PEGGY AVEZ

2014-12-01

Full Text Available RésuméLa fondation anthropologique de la fonction critique – socialement endossée par l’imaginaire utopique – et son lien dynamique avec la tâche intégrative de l’idéologie permettent à Ricœur de repenser sur le plan socio-politique la double nécessité du soupçon et de l’espérance. En reliant l’analyse de la structure contradictoire et analogisante de l’imaginaire social aux perspectives antérieurement développées sur “la liberté selon l’espérance,” notre propos vise à expliciter ses enjeux émancipateurs. Les apories auxquelles les médiations symboliques contraignent l’agir doivent nourrir la double nécessité d’un “devoir de vigilance” et d’une “timide espérance”: telle est à la fois la difficulté irréductible et la force critique de l’analyse ricœurienne de l’imagination socialisante.Mots-clés: imaginaire social, critique, idéologie, utopie, espérance.AbstractThe anthropological foundation of the critical function—endorsed by the utopian imaginary—and its dynamic relation with the integrative task of ideology allow Ricœur to rethink, at a social and political level, the necessity of both suspicion and hope. Linking Ricœur’s analysis of the contradictory and analogizing structure of the social imaginary to perspectives on “freedom in the light of hope,” which were developed earlier, it is my intention to make explicit certain emancipatory issues. The aporiae to which symbolic mediations constrict acting must provide for the necessity of both an “obligation for vigilance” and a “tentative hope.” Such is the irreducible difficulty but also the critical force of Ricœur’s analysis of the socializing imagination.Keywords: Social Imaginary, Criticism, Ideology, Utopia, Hope.

Competence-Based Education and the Limitations of Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Richard

2016-01-01

Drawing upon the work of Foucault and Latour, this article reflects on 25 years of critique of competence-based education and its continuing strength as a way of framing education and training. Using an example from England, it rehearses the argument from Foucault that, despite its student-centred discourse, competence-based education can be…

Affective methodologies and experimenting with affirmative critiques of educational leadership

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Staunæs, Dorthe

concerns suitable methodologies for researching and experiments with affirmative critique of these new forms of educational leadership. In order not to just to ‘quote’, celebrate or reject this affective agenda, I ask how post-human, intra-active and performative approaches developed in Nordic feminist...... and anti-racist education studies may assist in experimenting with concepts and research formats, interrogate the (unforeseen) effects of affects and affective economies intertwined with new forms of educational leadership, and thereby formulate affirmative critiques of these new types of psy-leadership.......This paper will focus upon the identification of suitable and experimental methodologies for interrogating ‘the affective turn’ in European educational leadership. As an answer to the global GERM and the plea for improving learning outcomes, educational leadership in countries like Denmark seems...

An ideology critique of the use-value of mathematics

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pais, Alexandre

2013-01-01

the majority of this literature commends the possibility of transfer, thus assuming both the desirability of transfer and the importance of school mathematics for the professional and mundane lives of individuals, I am interested in developing an ideology critique on the beliefs underpinning the research...

Neutronic study of the two french heavy water reactors; Etude neutronique des deux piles francaises a eau lourde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Horowitz, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-07-01

The two french reactors - the reactor of Chatillon, named Zoe, and the reactor of Saclay - P2 - were the object of detailed neutronic studies which the main ideas are exposed in this report. These studies were mostly done by the Department of the Reactor Studies (D.E.P.). We have thus studied the distribution of neutronic fluxes; the factors influencing reactivity; the link between reactivity and divergence with the formula of Nordheim; the mean time life of neutrons; neutron spectra s of P2; the xenon effect; or the effect of the different adjustments of the plates and controls bar. (M.B.) [French] Les deux reacteurs francais - la pile de Chatillon, appelee ZOE, et la pile de Saclay, designee dans la suite par P2 - ont fait l'objet d'etudes neutroniques detaillees dont les principales sont exposees dans ce rapport. Ces etudes ont ete pour la plupart effectuees dans le cadre du Departement des Etudes de Piles (D.E.P.). Nous avons ainsi entre autre etudie la distribution du flux neutronique; les facteurs influencants la reactivite; le lien entre reactivite et divergence par la formule de Nordheim; le temps de vie moyen des neutrons; les spectres de neutrons de P2; l'effet xenon; ou encore l'effet des differents reglages des plaques et barres de controles. (M.B.)

Max Weber's Critique of the Bureaucratisation of Education

Science.gov (United States)

Madan, Amman

2014-01-01

In this commentary, the author discusses the critique by Max Weber and his views on bureaucratisation of education. The modern school, said Max Weber (1864-1920) over a hundred years ago, has as its educational ideal the bureaucrat and no longer the cultivated elite of older times. The shift to modernity and to its characteristic institution, the…

Etude de l'impact de la variation de la température sur les activités ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Etude de l'impact de la variation de la température sur les activités microbiennes : application à une population de Listeria monocytogenes CIP 7831, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A CIP 103575 et Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

Dialectic of the university: a critique of instrumental reason in graduate nursing education.

Science.gov (United States)

Petrovskaya, Olga; McDonald, Carol; McIntyre, Marjorie

2011-10-01

Our analysis in this paper unfolds on two levels: a critique of the 'realities' of graduate nursing education and an argument to sustain its 'ideals'. We open for discussion an aspect of graduate nursing education dominated by instrumental reason, namely the research industry, using an internal critique approach developed by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno of the Early Frankfurt School. As we explain, internal critique arises out of, and relies on, the mismatch between goals, or 'ideals', and existing realities. Thinking about 'ideals' of the academy, we draw on Hans-Georg Gadamer's view of the university as a place to think freely, creatively, and critically. The contemporary realities of the university, on the other hand, that emphasize the market values of the research industry forcefully shape nursing academic scholarship in a particular direction. In our attempt to recognize and disrupt the forces of the research industry with its instrumental reason, we consider Judith Butler's writings on how norms operate in society. We show that our growing involvement in the research industry makes it very difficult to disentangle ourselves from that situation. The values of the research industry actually suppress the very ideals of education and scholarship that we would like to uphold. As a contra-force, the internal critique of the 'existing realities' in the graduate nursing education unmasks the tyranny of the research industry and makes visible the importance of sustaining the higher goals and ideals in nursing scholarship. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Critique: A Communicative Event in Design Education--A Qualitative Research on Western Faculty and Asian Students

Science.gov (United States)

Wong, Ho Lan Helena

2011-01-01

Critique is a communicative and sociable event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Students often find it difficult to explain their work and articulate their thoughts because most design knowledge is tacit by nature. If design is about new concepts, then in a critique, students have to describe and clearly present…

A Critique: Jared Diamond’s Collapse Put In Perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emma Gause

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Jared Diamond’s book 'Collapse' captivated readers with its tales of past great civilizations succumbing to dramatic cycles of decline, and among them are the ancient Maya. Diamond’s model of the Maya collapse has become quite popular since its publication, however numerous other divergent theories exist as well, which attempt to explain the phenomenon. Diamond, buoyed by the success of his book and his renown as an author, is the assumed authority, despite academic criticism. By comparing Diamond’s 'Collapse' with current research I hope to critique Diamond and thus elucidate the condition of the Maya decline concerning the roles of the environment, the regional variability of various sociopolitical dynamics, such as those that were played out in the Petexbatun region, and the extent of Post Classic continuation of Maya tradition.

Theoretical study, and construction, of a spherical electrostatic beta spectrometer; Etude theorique et realisation d'un spectrometre beta electrostatique spherique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moret, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-03-15

After a literature survey showing the importance of an electrostatic spectrometer with spherical electrodes for studying disintegration processes, the theoretical characteristics of such an apparatus are derived (determination of the trajectory equations calculation of the transmission and of the resolving power the case of a point source and of an extended source). The apparatus built as a result of these calculations is described. The electrostatic field distribution outside the electrodes is derived. As well as giving electron spectra ({beta} disintegration and conversion electrons) the apparatus make s it possible to study e-{gamma}, e-{beta}, e-e-{gamma} and e-e-{beta} coincidences. In the last part are given experimental characteristics and the results of the first measurements made on conversion electron spectra ({sup 161}Tb, {sup 151}Pm, {sup 155}Eu) and on coincidences ({sup 170}Tm) using this spectrometer. (author) [French] Apres une etude bibliographique montrant l'interet que presente un spectrometre electrostatique a electrodes spheriques pour l'etude des schemas de desintegration, l'auteur etablit les caracteristiques theoriques d'un tel appareil (determination de l'equation des trajectoires calcul de la transmission et du pouvoir de resolution cas d'une source ponctuelle et d'une source etendue). On decrit l'appareil realise d'apres ces calculs. On etablit la repartition du champ electrostatique a l'exterieur des electrodes. Outre le trace des spectres d'electrons (desintegration {beta} et electrons de conversion), l'appareil permet l'etude de coincidences e-{gamma}, e-{beta}, e-e-{gamma} and e-e-{beta}. Dans la derniere partie, sont donnees les caracteristiques experimentales et les premieres etudes de spectres d'electrons de conversion ({sup 161}Tb, {sup 151}Pm, {sup 155}Eu) et de coincidences ({sup 170}Tm) faites a l'aide de ce spectrometre. (auteur)

What has become of critique? Reassembling sociology after Latour.

Science.gov (United States)

Mills, Tom

2017-09-06

This paper offers a defence of sociology through an engagement with Actor Network Theory (ANT) and particularly the critique of 'critical' and politically engaged social science developed by Bruno Latour. It argues that ANT identifies some weaknesses in more conventional sociology and social theory, and suggests that 'critical' and 'public' orientated sociologists can learn from the analytical precision and ethnographic sensibilities that characterize ANT as a framework of analysis and a research programme. It argues, however, that Latour et al. have too hastily dispensed with 'critique' in favour of a value neutral descriptive sociology, and that the symmetrical and horizontalist approach adopted in ANT is particularly ill-suited to the development of scientific knowledge about social structures. It argues that a more straightforwardly realist sociology would share many of the strengths of ANT whilst being better able to interrogate, empirically and normatively, the centres of contemporary social power. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

Pegase: safety studies - experimental study of burn-out risks in transient operation; Pegase: etude de surete - etude experimentale des risques de burn out en regime transitoire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vernier, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

canal chaud se met en etat de calefaction au bout de 0.1 s et que sa temperature atteint 500 C en 0.8 s. Les regimes hydrodynamiques rencontres dans les canaux apres l'accident sont des regimes d'expulsion periodiques de periodes courtes 0.2 a 0.5 s, caracteristiques de l'ebullition a basse pression. L'etude en regime permanent de la redistribution de debit dans un by-pass a donne des flux PHI{sub R} de redistribution de 190 W/cm{sup 2} pour une vitesse de 4.5 m/s a 50 C et de 175 W/cm{sup 2} a 60 C. Ces valeurs sont a majorer de 25 pour cent pour une vitesse de 6 m/s. On a montre la distinction a faire entre flux critique PHI{sub C} en regime periodique d'expulsion et flux de redistribution PHI{sub R} en regime permanent. (auteur)

Castor and Pollux - shielded cells for studying fuel treatment processes; Castor et Pollux chaines blindees d'etudes de procedes de traitement de combustibles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Faudot, G; Bathellier, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

CASTOR and POLLUX, two alpha, beta, gamma cells are described in the present paper. They are located in the CEN at Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). They are designed for improvement studies of the various aqueous separation processes used in irradiated fuels reprocessing plants. Located in the same air-tight steel encasement, they arc inter-connected by a pneumatic transfer. These two cells have a similar in-line conception and they include: a gamma shielding in lead of 10 cm of thickness; an inner air-tight box, made with stainless steel and plexiglas, is maintained in lowering in comparison to room pressure. Eleven Hobson model seven master-slave manipulators allow inner manipulations. Then the inner equipment is described briefly. (author) [French] Le present document decrit les cellules alpha, beta, gamma CASTOR et POLLUX edifiees au Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Fontenay-aux-Roses. Elles sont destinees aux etudes visant a l'amelioration des procedes de separation par voie aqueuse utilises dans les usines de retraitement des combustibles irradies. Ces deux chaines, implantees dans le meme caisson et reliees par convoyeur pneumatique, sont de conception identique et comprennent: une protection biologique constituee par 10 cm d'epaisseur de plomb; une enceinte interieure etanche alpha, en acier inoxidable et plexiglas, maintenue en depression. Des telemanipulateurs Hobson, modele 7, permettent les manipulations interieures. On decrit ensuite brievement les installations annexes. (auteur)

A Review and Critique of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Etiologies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Steven Charles Hertler

2014-02-01

Full Text Available The present review and critique of extant etiological theories centers on a single finding: Obsessive-compulsive personality is highly heritable (0.78 and not significantly influenced by “common, shared-in-families environmental factors” (Torgersen et al., 2000, p. 424. This finding, though twelve years old, has remained dissociated from existing etiological accounts. Psychoanalytic theories anachronistically maintain that obsessive personality is familially forged. Biological theories, few, unelaborated and weakened by postulating proximate instead of ultimate explanations, fail to seriously reckon with Torgersen’s findings. Truly integrating heritability estimates into a functional etiological account of obsessive character, it is argued in the discussion section, will come from an evolutionary model that understands obsessive personality to be an evolved strategy rather than a dysfunctional disorder.

Sinnott-Armstrong's Empirical Challenge to Moral Intuitionism : A Novel Critique

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hermann, J.S.

This paper provides a novel critique of Walter Sinnott-Armstrong’s influential argument against epistemological moral intuitionism, the view that some people are noninferentially justified in believing some moral propositions. At the beginning of the twentyfirst century, this view experienced a

The Critical Purchase of Genealogy: Critiquing Student Participation Projects

Science.gov (United States)

Anderson, Anna

2015-01-01

Until recently the dominant critique of "student participation" projects was one based on the theoretical assumptions of critical theory in the form of critical pedagogy. Over the last decade, we have witnessed the emergence of a critical education discourse that theorises and critically analyses such projects using Foucault's notion of…

A guide to critiquing a research paper. Methodological appraisal of a paper on nurses in abortion care.

Science.gov (United States)

Lipp, Allyson; Fothergill, Anne

2015-03-01

In this paper, we have taken a previously published article on nurses' judgements in abortion care performing a systematic critique of the merits of this research using a recognised critiquing framework. The qualitative paper chosen for the critique is a grounded theory design and the research terms and terminology associated with this method such as symbolic interactionism are defined. The published paper reported on findings from a study exploring the characteristics of nurses in abortion care. A published critiquing tool has been applied. It was chosen because it is pragmatic, clearly laid out and accessible as full text to the people likely to need it. It comprises two stages, the first of which centres on the believability of the research. The second stage is more detailed and examines the research process and establishes the credibility of the research in its application to practice. Develop critical and analytical skills through methodically appraising the merits of published research. Nursing as an evidence-based profession requires nurses at both pre- and post-registration levels to be able to understand, synthesise and critique research, this being a fundamental part of many nursing curricula. These have become core skills to acquire since implementing up to date evidence is the cornerstone of contemporary nursing practice. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contribution to the study of samarium-151 excited levels; Contribution a l'etude des niveaux excites du samarium-151

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Locard, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, 38 (France)

1967-07-01

The nucleus of {sup 151}Sm, which has 89 neutrons, happens to be on the lower edge of the deformed nuclei of region II. Therefore, the study of its levels is very interesting for the verification of the goodness of the collective models for deformed nuclei when the deformation is small (we introduce these models in the first chapter). {sup 151}Sm has often been studied, but the direct gamma spectrum measured with a lithium drift-germanium detector (chapter 3) shows many high energy transitions which did not appear in the previous level schemes. In order to settle these transitions, we have undertaken gamma-gamma coincidence spectra (as well as sum-coincidence spectra) experiments with a scintillation spectrometer designed in our laboratory (chapter 2). The investigation of the intensities of these coincidences leads us to modify the last proposed level schemes: we suppress the levels at 405,5 and 650 keV, we add levels at 245,6 - 306,6 - 522 - 952 and 962 keV. We have also verified the multipolarities of the main transitions and measured the half-lives of a few levels (chapter 3) (we find a half-life of 1.1 {+-} 0.5 nanosecond for the level at 167,7 keV). In chapter 4, we compare our results to the predictions of the models described in chapter 1. (author) [French] Le noyau de {sup 151}Sm, qui possede 89 neutrons, se trouve a la limite inferieure des noyaux deformes de la region II. L'etude de ses niveaux excites est donc d'un interet tout particulier pour la verification de la validite des differents modeles collectifs pour les noyaux deformes, lorsque la deformation est petite (nous introduisons ces modeles dans un premier chapitre). Le {sup 151}Sm a deja fait l'objet de nombreuses etudes, mais le spectre gamma direct fait avec une jonction de germanium compense au lithium (chapitre 3), nous a montre l'existence d'un grand nombre de transitions de hautes energies qui ne sont pas placees dans les schemas proposes jusqu'a ce jour. Pour preciser la place de ces

Writing on patriarchal missiles: the chauvinism of the 'Gulf War' and the limits of critique

OpenAIRE

M Sparke

1994-01-01

The limits of critique are politically significant. Such politics become examinable through deconstruction as a form of interested closure. To do this, however, it is first necessary to distinguish the Derridean deconstruction of writing from the purely literalist interpretations it is commonly but mistakenly given. The example subsequently used as an illustration of limited critique is a conference paper on the 'Gulf War' previously presented by the author in 1991. This paper drew on feminis...

Point-of-care ultrasonography adoption in Canada: using diffusion theory and the Evaluation Tool for Ultrasound skills Development and Education (ETUDE).

Science.gov (United States)

Woo, Michael Y; Frank, Jason R; Lee, A Curtis

2014-09-01

Point-of-care ultrasonography (PoCUS) first appeared in the 1980s in North America, but the extent of the diffusion of its adoption is unknown. We characterized early PoCUS adoption by emergency physicians in Canada and its barriers to use using Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory. We developed a questionnaire based on a pilot study and literature review to assess past, current, and potential use of PoCUS and potential barriers to adoption. A Dillman technique for electronic surveys was used for dissemination. Using Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory, we developed and validated the Evaluation Tool for Ultrasound skills Development and Education (ETUDE). ETUDE scores allowed categorization of respondents into innovators, early adopters, majority, and nonadopters. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and χ² statistics were used to analyze the data. The 296 respondents (36.4% of 814 surveyed) had a median age of 40 and were 72.5% male. Adoption scores using ETUDE revealed nonadopters (18.8%), majority (28.7%), early adopters (34.5%), and innovators (18.0%). Respondents endorsed "always" using PoCUS currently and in the future for focused assessment with sonography in trauma (FAST) (current 41.8%/future 88.4%), first trimester pregnancy (current 23.3%/future 73.7%), suspected abdominal aortic aneurysm (current 32.7%/future 92.6%), basic cardiac indications (current 30.7%/future 87.5%), and central venous catheterization (current 17.0%/future 80.3%). Several barriers to PoCUS were identified for part-time emergency physicians and those working in inner-city/urban/suburban settings. This is the first study to determine the state of adoption and barriers to the introduction of PoCUS in Canadian emergency medicine practice. The novel validated ETUDE instrument should be used to evaluate the uptake of PoCUS over time.

Critiquing War in the Classroom: Professor Positionality, Vulnerability, and Possibility

Science.gov (United States)

Taber, Nancy

2014-01-01

This article describes an analytic autoethnographical research study focusing on my experiences developing, delivering, and evaluating course content critiquing war from a feminist anti-militarist perspective as a pre-tenured faculty member. Themes include: professional vulnerability, student resistance, pedagogical possibility, and scholarly…

Medicine and Mind-Body Dualism: A Reply to Mehta's Critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Joubert, Callie

2014-01-01

Neeta Mehta recently advanced the thesis that medical practice is facing a crisis today. In her paper "Mind-body dualism: a critique from a health perspective" she attributes the crisis to the philosophy of Descartes and set out to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people. The aim of my reply to her critique is three-fold. First, I draw attention to a more fundamental problem and show that dualism is inescapable-scientifically and commonsensically. I then focus on the self-conscious emotions of shame, guilt and remorse, and argue that the self is not identical with a brain. The third section draws attention to the crisis in psychiatry and stipulates some of the main reasons why this is so. Contrary to Mehta's thesis, the health profession faces a crisis because of physicalism and biological reductionism.

Decoherence in quantum gravity: issues and critiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anastopoulos, C [Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Patras (Greece); Hu, B L [Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742-4111 (United States)

2007-05-15

An increasing number of papers have appeared in recent years on decoherence in quantum gravity at the Planck energy. We discuss the meaning of decoherence in quantum gravity starting from the common notion that quantum gravity is a theory for the microscopic structures of spacetime, and invoking some generic features of quantum decoherence from the open systems viewpoint. We dwell on a range of issues bearing on this process including the relation between statistical and quantum, noise from effective field theory, the meaning of stochasticity, the origin of non-unitarity and the nature of nonlocality in this and related contexts. To expound these issues we critique on two representative theories: One claims that decoherence in quantum gravity scale leads to the violation of CPT symmetry at sub-Planckian energy which is used to explain today's particle phenomenology. The other uses this process in place with the Brownian motion model to prove that spacetime foam behaves like a thermal bath. A companion paper will deal with intrinsic and fundamental decoherence which also bear on issues in classical and quantum gravity.

Decoherence in quantum gravity: issues and critiques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anastopoulos, C; Hu, B L

2007-01-01

An increasing number of papers have appeared in recent years on decoherence in quantum gravity at the Planck energy. We discuss the meaning of decoherence in quantum gravity starting from the common notion that quantum gravity is a theory for the microscopic structures of spacetime, and invoking some generic features of quantum decoherence from the open systems viewpoint. We dwell on a range of issues bearing on this process including the relation between statistical and quantum, noise from effective field theory, the meaning of stochasticity, the origin of non-unitarity and the nature of nonlocality in this and related contexts. To expound these issues we critique on two representative theories: One claims that decoherence in quantum gravity scale leads to the violation of CPT symmetry at sub-Planckian energy which is used to explain today's particle phenomenology. The other uses this process in place with the Brownian motion model to prove that spacetime foam behaves like a thermal bath. A companion paper will deal with intrinsic and fundamental decoherence which also bear on issues in classical and quantum gravity

Robert Nozick's entitlement theory of justice: a critique | Nnajiofor ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The burden of this paper is to critique Robert Nozick's entitlement theory of justice which was drafted as an argument against traditional distribution theories. Nozick's theory of justice claims that whether a distribution is just or not depend entirely on how it came about. By contrast, justice according to equality, need, desert or ...

Repositioning Ideology Critique in a Critical Theory of Adult Learning.

Science.gov (United States)

Brookfield, Stephen

2001-01-01

Reexamines critical theory as a response to Marxism and repositions ideology critique as a crucial adult learning process. Argues that a critical theory of adult learning should focus on how adults learn to recognize and challenge ideological domination and manipulation. (Contains 31 references.) (SK)

Critique of Rousseau's Philosophy of Education in Relation to the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper critiqued Rousseau's philosophy of education in relation to the Nigerian educational system. Rousseau's philosophy of education, which is naturalist based, was examined with particular reference to its aims and syllabus. Rousseau advocated the aims of education should include developing the child's natural ...

The formation of scientists and technicians at the 'Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires' at Saclay

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Debiesse, J.

1958-01-01

The considerable needs in research workers and scientists which are asked by the nuclear energy obliged the Commissariat a l'Energie atomique to deal with a particular effort to increase the quantitative and qualitative formation of scientists. Most various ways have been used. 1- A National Institute of Nuclear Sciences and Nuclear Techniques was created, by a joint decree of the Prime Minister and the Minister for National Education (june 18, 1957). This Institute of Higher Teaching (250 students) indulges in the following matters: atomic engineering, quantum mechanics, theory and technic of particle accelerators, special metallurgy, radiobiology, thermic and mechanics of fluids. 2- An associated centre of the 'Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers' was created (200 students) for technical assistants, drawers, etc. 3- In contribution with both electronic industry and Ministry of Work, the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires contributes to an accelerated formation of technical assistants into Professional Centres. Conclusion: Training of scientists and research workers is one of the most important activities of the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay. Without losing its technical efficiency, it has supplied and varied means adapted to the various purposes that we shall reach. (author) [fr

New Directions in Education? A Critique of Contemporary Policy Reforms

Science.gov (United States)

Skourdoumbis, Andrew

2016-01-01

This paper draws on facets of Foucault's theoretical resources to critique current education policy reform from within the Australian State of Victoria, namely the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development's (DEECD) discussion paper "New directions for school leadership and the teaching profession." Implicit in the reform…

Using critiquing for improving medical protocols : Harder than it seems

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Marcos, Mar; Berger, Geert; van Harmelen, Frank; ten Teije, Annette; Roomans, Hugo; Miksch, Silvia

2001-01-01

Medical protocols are widely recognised to provide clinicians with high-quality and up-to-date recommendations. A critical condition for this is of course that the protocols themselves are of high quality. In this paper we investigate the use of critiquing for improving the quality of medical

Critical bioethics: beyond the social science critique of applied ethics.

Science.gov (United States)

Hedgecoe, Adam M

2004-04-01

This article attempts to show a way in which social science research can contribute in a meaningful and equitable way to philosophical bioethics. It builds on the social science critique of bioethics present in the work of authors such as Renee Fox, Barry Hoffmaster and Charles Bosk, proposing the characteristics of a critical bioethics that would take social science seriously. The social science critique claims that traditional philosophical bioethics gives a dominant role to idealised, rational thought, and tends to exclude social and cultural factors, relegating them to the status of irrelevancies. Another problem is they way in which bioethics assumes social reality divides down the same lines/categories as philosophical theories. Critical bioethics requires bioethicists to root their enquiries in empirical research, to challenge theories using evidence, to be reflexive and to be sceptical about the claims of other bioethicists, scientists and clinicians. The aim is to produce a rigorous normative analysis of lived moral experience.

Bio-metric study of pig karyotype; Etude biometrique du caryotype du porc

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haag, J; Lacourly, N; Nizza, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

This study has a twofold purpose, the former is to determine the swine karyotype as accurately as possible, the latter is to try and develop a method of automatic classification and to show its possibilities and limits. (authors) [French] Cette etude a un double objet: d'une part, de definir de la facon aussi precise que possible le caryotype du porc et d'autre part, de tenter une methode de classification automatique et d'en montrer les possibilites ainsi que les limites. (auteurs)

Self-defense: Deflecting Deflationary and Eliminativist Critiques of the Sense of Ownership

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shaun Gallagher

2017-09-01

Full Text Available I defend a phenomenological account of the sense of ownership as part of a minimal sense of self from those critics who propose either a deflationary or eliminativist critique. Specifically, I block the deflationary critique by showing that in fact the phenomenological account is itself a deflationary account insofar as it takes the sense of ownership to be implicit or intrinsic to experience and bodily action. I address the eliminativist view by considering empirical evidence that supports the concept of pre-reflective self-awareness, which underpins the sense of ownership. Finally, I respond to claims that phenomenology does not offer a positive account of the sense of ownership by showing the role it plays in an enactivist (action-oriented view of embodied cognition.

The frontiers of empirical science: A Thomist-inspired critique of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The frontiers of empirical science: A Thomist-inspired critique of scientism. Callum Scott. Abstract. Scientistic conceptualisations hold to the positivistic positions that science is limitless in its potential representations of material phenomena and that it is the only sure path to knowledge. In recent popular scientific literature, ...

A Critique of Botswana's Language Policy from a Translanguaging Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Bagwasi, Mompoloki Mmangaka

2017-01-01

This paper critiques the language practices and language-in-education policy of Botswana from a translanguaging perspective. By so doing, it revisits our commonly held perceptions about multilingualism, bilingualism and language and its boundary. We commonly perceive languages as autonomous and as having boundaries and we perceive bilingualism or…

Margaret Cavendish's materialist critique of van Helmontian chymistry.

Science.gov (United States)

Clucas, Stephen

2011-03-01

A striking omission in the scholarship on the reception of the chymical philosophy of Jan Baptista van Helmont in England in the seventeenth century is the work of the mid-seventeenth-century natural philosopher Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle. In her Philosophical Letters (1664), Cavendish offers an extended critique of Van Helmont's work (whose Ortus Medicince had recently been translated into English by John Sadler). In this paper, I compare Cavendish's criticisms with those of Robert Boyle in his Sceptical Chymist (1661). Both Boyle and Cavendish attacked Van Helmont for the obscurity of his chymical vocabulary and concepts, and attacked his seminalism. Although their critiques had much in common, they diverged in their attitudes to Van Helmont's experiments. As an opponent of the experimental philosophy, Cavendish had little interest in the quality of Van Helmont's experimental claims, whereas Boyle was critical of their unreplicability. I also try to show that the two writers had very different polemical agendas, with Boyle defending his vision of chymistry based on a corpuscularian natural philosophy, and Cavendish being as much concerned with establishing her religious orthodoxy as with defending the truth claims of her own materialist vitalism. For Cavendish, Van Helmont was an example of the dangers of mingling theology and natural philosophy.

Study of the long-term values and prices of plutonium; a simplified parametrized model; Etude des valeurs et des prix du plutonium a long terme; un modele parametre simplifie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaussens, J; Paillot, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The authors define the notions of use values and price of plutonium. They give a 'simplified parametrized model' simulating the equilibrium of the offer and the demand in time, concerning the plutonium and the price deriving from the relative scarcity of this metal, taking into account the technical and economic operating parameters of the various reactors confronted. This model is simple enough to allow direct computations and establish clear relations between the various parameters. The use of the linear programmes method allows on the other hand a wide extension of the model. This report includes three main parts: I - General description of the study (without detailed calculations) II - Mathematical development of the simplified parametrized model and application (the basic data and the results of the calculations are given) III - Appendices (giving the detailed computations of part II). (authors) [French] Les auteurs definissent les notions de valeurs d'usage et de prix du plutonium. Ils donnent un 'modele parametre simplifie' simulant l'equilibre de l'office et de la demande dans le temps concernant le plutonium et le prix qui decoule de la rarete relative de ce metal, compte tenu des parametres techniques et economiques de fonctionnement des divers reacteurs en presence. Ce modele est suffisamment simple pour permettre des calculs manuels et etablir des liaisons claires entre les divers parametres. L'utilisation de la technique des programmes lineaires permet par ailleurs une extension considerable du modele. Cette note comprend trois parties: I - Expose general de l'etude (sans expose du detail des calculs) II - Developpement mathematique du modele parametre simplifie et application (on precise les donnees de base et le resultat des calculs) III - Annexes (donnant le detail des calculs de la partie II). (auteurs)

Study of point defects in pure iron by means of electrical resistivity; Etude au moyen de la resistivite electrique des defauts ponctuels dans le fer pur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Minier-Cassayre, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-04-01

In the first part of this work, after having reviewed the production, observation and the annealing of point defects In metals, we resume the present state of research. In the second part, we explain the techniques we have employed to produce point defects at low temperatures: irradiation, quenching and cold-work; and go on to the study of their migration and annealing. The experimental results obtained for pure iron and for iron containing certain impurities are presented in the third part. In the fourth part we suggest a model which explains the different stages of annealing observed, and their properties. We then compare the energies of interaction between point defects with the values deduced from the theory of elasticity. (author) [French] Dans la premiere partie de cette etude, apres avoir passe en revue la production, l'observation et les modes de guerison des defauts ponctuels dans les metaux, nous exposons l'etat actuel des recherches. La seconde partie est consacree aux techniques que nous avons employees pour produire des defauts ponctuels a basse temperature: irradiations, trempe et ecrouissage puis a l'etude de leur migration et de leur guerison. Les resultats experimentaux obtenus dans le fer pur et le fer contenant certaines impuretes sont presentes dans le troisieme chapitre. Nous proposons ensuite un modele qui explique les differents stades de guerison observes et leurs nombreuses proprietes: nous comparons les energies d'interaction entre defauts ponctuels aux valeurs que l'on pourrait deduire d'un modele elastique. (auteur)

In defence of pedagogy: a critique of the notion of andragogy.

Science.gov (United States)

Darbyshire, P

1993-10-01

Malcolm Knowles' theory of andragogy has gained increasing acceptance among nurse educators. Andragogy is espoused as a progressive educational theory, adopted as a theoretical underpinning for curricula and is even considered to be synonymous with a variety of teaching techniques and strategies such as 'problem-based' and 'self-directed' learning. This paper offers a critique of the notion of andragogy which maintains that the distinction created between andragogy and pedagogy is spurious and based upon assumptions which are untenable. It is argued that andragogy has been uncritically accepted within nursing education in much the same way that the nursing process and models of nursing were in their day. Finally, it is claimed that true pedagogy has far more radical, powerful and transformative possibilities for nursing education.

Shaping Up? Three Acts of Education Studies as Textual Critique

Science.gov (United States)

McDougall, Julian; Walker, Stephen; Kendall, Alex

2006-01-01

This paper presents a study of dominant educational discourses through textual critique and argues that such an approach enables education studies to preserve an important distinction from teacher training. The texts deconstructed here are specific to English education, but the discourses at work have international relevance as the rhetorics of…

Etude cinétique de la dégradation de l'Endosufane en solution ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Etude cinétique de la dégradation de l'Endosufane en solution. S Traore, K Mamadou, A Dembele, V Yao, Y Bekro, P Mazellier, B Legube, P Houenou. Abstract. Les pesticides sont fréquemment utilisés en Côte d'Ivoire. Leur détection dans les eaux de forage témoigne de leur mauvais usage et d'un grave problème ...

Research integrity and rights of indigenous peoples: appropriating Foucault's critique of knowledge/power.

Science.gov (United States)

Swazo, Norman K

2005-09-01

In this paper I appropriate the philosophical critique of Michel Foucault as it applies to the engagement of Western science and indigenous peoples in the context of biomedical research. The science of population genetics, specifically as pursued in the Human Genome Diversity Project, is the obvious example to illustrate (a) the contraposition of modern science and 'indigenous science', (b) the tendency to depreciate and marginalize indigenous knowledge systems, and (c) the subsumption of indigenous moral preferences in the juridical armature of international human rights law. I suggest that international bioethicists may learn from Foucault's critique, specifically of the need for vigilance about the knowledge/power relation expressed by the contraposition of modern science and 'indigeneity'.

Critique of the economic case for the fast reactor. Chapter 12

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sweet, C.

1980-01-01

The subject is discussed under the headings: introduction; critique of the cost stereotypes; the fast reactor fuel cycle (reprocessing and refabrication costs; out-of-reactor time and economic optimisation; the doubling time and the logistics of the fast breeder programme). (U.K.)

Debating DSM-5: diagnosis and the sociology of critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Pickersgill, Martyn D

2014-08-01

The development of the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-the DSM-5-has reenergised and driven further forward critical discourse about the place and role of diagnosis in mental health. The DSM-5 has attracted considerable criticism, not least about its role in processes of medicalisation. This paper suggests the need for a sociology of psychiatric critique. Sociological analysis can help map fields of contention, and cast fresh light on the assumptions and nuances of debate around the DSM-5; it underscores the importance of diagnosis to the governance of social and clinical life, as well as the wider discourses critical commentaries connect with and are activated by. More normatively, a sociology of critique can indicate which interests and values are structuring the dialogues being articulated, and just how diverse clinical opinion regarding the DSM can actually be. This has implications for the considerations of health services and policy decision-makers who might look to such debates for guidance. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

cyril of alexandria's critique of the term theotokos by nestorius

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Acta Theologica. 2012:2. E. Artemi. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA'S CRITIQUE. OF THE ... Paul of Samosata, who had claimed that Christ the Lord of all was simply a human being .... Scriptures, who is by nature what they were of whose seed he was, ..... Athanasius of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa, John Chrysostom and by Cyril.

“If You Don’t Bring No Grits, Don’t Come”: Critiquing a Critique of Patrick Kelly, Golliwogs, And Camp as A Technique of Black Queer Expression

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barnes Sequoia

2017-12-01

Full Text Available I have written this article in order to establish Patrick Kelly as a black forbearer of fashion. Kelly complicates our sense of fashion through his use of black memorabilia and camp to not only create something consumable but to comment on the black body as a consumable. Therefore, the role I play in acknowledging this black supernova, as Eric Darnell Pritchard calls him, is by critiquing Lewis and Fraley’s critique of Patrick Kelly and questioning why overtly expressing one’s queerness through camp has not been seen as a viable form of black expression in the mainstream narrative of black creativity. Lewis and Fraley’s complete dismissal of Kelly’s use of camp does not happen in a vacuum. Yet, I must remember that there is also the task of establishing a legacy of technique for Patrick Kelly. Who are his forbearers?

Voicing children's critique and utopias

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Husted, Mia; Lind, Unni

and restrictions, Call for aesthetics an sensuality, Longings for home and parents, Longings for better social relations Making children's voice visible allows preschool teachers to reflect children's knowledge and life word in pedagogical practice. Keywords: empowerment and participation, action research...... children to raise and render visible their own critique and wishes related to their everyday life in daycare. Research on how and why to engage children as participants in research and in institutional developments addresses overall interests in democratization and humanization that can be traced back...... to strategies for Nordic welfare developments and the Conventions on Children's Rights. The theoretical and methodological framework follow the lines of how to form and learn democracy of Lewin (1948) and Dewey (1916). The study is carried out as action research involving 50 children at age three to five...

What's so critical about Critical Neuroscience? Rethinking experiment, enacting critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Fitzgerald, Des; Matusall, Svenja; Skewes, Joshua; Roepstorff, Andreas

2014-01-01

In the midst of on-going hype about the power and potency of the new brain sciences, scholars within "Critical Neuroscience" have called for a more nuanced and sceptical neuroscientific knowledge-practice. Drawing especially on the Frankfurt School, they urge neuroscientists towards a more critical approach-one that re-inscribes the objects and practices of neuroscientific knowledge within webs of social, cultural, historical and political-economic contingency. This paper is an attempt to open up the black-box of "critique" within Critical Neuroscience itself. Specifically, we argue that limiting enactments of critique to the invocation of context misses the force of what a highly-stylized and tightly-bound neuroscientific experiment can actually do. We show that, within the neuroscientific experiment itself, the world-excluding and context-denying "rules of the game" may also enact critique, in novel and surprising forms, while remaining formally independent of the workings of society, and culture, and history. To demonstrate this possibility, we analyze the Optimally Interacting Minds (OIM) paradigm, a neuroscientific experiment that used classical psychophysical methods to show that, in some situations, people worked better as a collective, and not as individuals-a claim that works precisely against reactionary tendencies that prioritize individual over collective agency, but that was generated and legitimized entirely within the formal, context-denying conventions of neuroscientific experimentation. At the heart of this paper is a claim that it was precisely the rigors and rules of the experimental game that allowed these scientists to enact some surprisingly critical, and even radical, gestures. We conclude by suggesting that, in the midst of large-scale neuroscientific initiatives, it may be "experiment", and not "context", that forms the meeting-ground between neuro-biological and socio-political research practices.

Back to Hegel? On Gillian Rose's critique of sociological reason.

Science.gov (United States)

Fuller, Brian W

2017-08-22

Thirty-five years ago, Gillian Rose articulated a significant critique of classical sociological reason, emphasizing its relationship to its philosophical forebears. In a series of works, but most significantly in her Hegel contra Sociology, Rose worked to specify the implications of sociology's failure, both in its critical Marxist and its 'scientific' forms, to move beyond Kant and to fully come to terms with the thought of Hegel. In this article, I unpack and explain the substance of her criticisms, developing the necessary Hegelian philosophical background on which she founded them. I argue that Rose's attempted recuperation of 'speculative reason' for social theory remains little understood, despite its continued relevance to contemporary debates concerning the nature and scope of sociological reason. As an illustration, I employ Rose to critique Chernilo's recent call for a more philosophically sophisticated sociology. From the vantage point of Rose, this particular account of a 'philosophical sociology' remains abstract and rooted in the neo-Kantian contradictions that continue to characterize sociology. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

Etudes sur le Portugal au Temps de l'Humanisme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Cruz Costa

1953-06-01

Full Text Available BATAILLON (Marcel. — Etudes sur le Portugal au Temps de l'Humanisme.  Acta Universitatis Conimbrigencis, 1952, 309 pp. (Primeiro Parágrafo do Artigo O Prof. Marcel Bataillon, erudito dos mais inteligentes da França atual, autor de uma obra que é hoje impr:scindível para quem pretenda estudar o humanismo renascentista na Espanha ou em Portugal, diríamos melhor, talvez: para quem pretenda estudar o Humanismo e a Renascença, — acaba de publicar, na coleção Acta Universitatis Conimbrigencis, êste volume no qual reune alguns trabalhos da mais alta importância para o conhecimento de muitos aspectos da vida espiritual portuguêsa do século XVI.

RF link for Implanted Medical Devices (IMDs) and Sub-GHz Inductive Power Transmission

OpenAIRE

Diet , Antoine; Koulouridis , Satvros; Le Bihan , Yann; Luu , Quang-Trung; Meyer , Olivier; Pichon , Lionel; Biancheri-Astier , Marc

2017-01-01

International audience; Ce travail s'inscrit dan sune etude exploratoire sur les possibilités de télé-alimentation RF des implants médicaux et/ou de communication entre eux. En effet, la durée de fonctionnement de certains implants avec batterie rend leur utilisation critique car il ne faut pas privilégier une intervention chirurgicale lourde s'il est possible d'agir de manière non-invasive. La transmission d'énergie sans fil ou WPT (Wireless Power Transfer) est au cœur de nombreuses autres t...

Critiquing Human Resource Development's Dominant Masculine Rationality and Evaluating Its Impact

Science.gov (United States)

Bierema, Laura L.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this article is to critique human resource development's (HRD) dominant philosophy, practices, and research; illustrate how they negatively affect women HRD practitioners and recipients; and recommend alternative conceptualizations of the field. This article is grounded in a critical feminist theoretical framework, draws on critical…

Beyond discovery: A review of the critique of the discovery view of opportunities

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Korsgaard, Steffen T.

This paper systematically reviews and synthesises the critique since 2000 of the discovery view's interpretation of entrepreneurial opportunities. The review shows that the framing of the debate as polarised between two oppositions, the discovery view versus the creation view, is oversimplified....... The issue of whether opportunities are discovered or created is simply one of several key issues in play in the debate. These key issues include questions concerning agency, process, and the role of subjectivity, creativity and interpretation. Propositions for future research are developed from the critique......, emphasising distributed agency, non-linear processes, opportunities as formed, and the role of creativity. However, the paper also points to unresolved issues in relation to all four propositions that require further empirical and conceptual work....

Les fluctuations supraconductrices dans le compose praseodyme-cerium-oxyde de cuivre

Science.gov (United States)

Renaud, Jacques

Ce travail etudie les fluctuations supraconductrices dans le compose supraconducteur a haute temperature critique dope aux electrons Pr2-xCe xCuO4+delta. La technique utilisee pour sonder ces fluctuations est le transport electrique DC dans le plan ab. Il s'agit, a notre connaissance, de la premiere etude de ce type dans la classe generale des supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique dopes aux electrons et, plus particulierement, dans Pr2-xCe xCuO4+delta. De plus, l'etude est effectuee pour trois regimes de dopage, soit sous-dope x = 0.135, dopage optimal x = 0.15 et surdope x = 0.17. Les echantillons etudies sont des couches minces d'epaisseur plus grande que 100 nm crues par ablation laser. Les mesures electriques DC effectuees dans ce travail sont la resistance en reponse lineaire et les courbes IV en reponse non lineaire en fonction de la temperature. La mise en oeuvre experimentale de ces mesures a necessite une grande attention au filtrage et aux effets de chauffage a haut courant. Nous montrons que, sans cette attention, les donnees experimentales sont toujours erronees dans le regime pertinent pour nos echantillons. Les resultats pour le dopage optimal x = 0.15 sont expliques de facon tres convaincante dans le cadre de fluctuations purement 2D. D'abord, le regime des fluctuations gaussiennes est tres bien decrit par le modele d'Aslamazov-Larkin en deux dimensions. Ensuite, le regime de fluctuations critiques, se trouvant a plus basse temperature que le regime gaussien, est tres bien decrit par la physique 2D de Kosterlitz-Thouless. Dans cette analyse, les deux regimes ont des temperatures critiques coherentes entre elles, ce qui semble confirmer ce scenario 2D. Une analyse des donnees dans le cadre de fluctuations 3D est exploree mais donne des conclusions incoherentes. Les resultats pour les autres dopages sont qualitativement equivalents avec le dopage optimal et permettent donc une explication purement 2D. Par contre, contrairement au dopage optimal

Two Agendas for Bioethics: Critique and Integration.

Science.gov (United States)

Garrett, Jeremy R

2015-07-01

Many bioethicists view the primary task of bioethics as 'value clarification'. In this article, I argue that the field must embrace two more ambitious agendas that go beyond mere clarification. The first agenda, critique, involves unmasking, interrogating, and challenging the presuppositions that underlie bioethical discourse. These largely unarticulated premises establish the boundaries within which problems can be conceptualized and solutions can be imagined. The function of critique, then, is not merely to clarify these premises but to challenge them and the boundaries they define. The second agenda, integration, involves honoring and unifying what is right in competing values. Integration is the morally ideal response to value conflict, offering the potential for transcending win/lose outcomes. The function of integration, then, is to envision actions or policies that not only resolve conflicts, but that do so by jointly realizing many genuine values in deep and compelling ways. My argument proceeds in stages. After critically examining the role and dominant status of value clarification in bioethical discourse, I describe the nature and value of the two agendas, identify concrete examples of where each has been and could be successful, and explain why a critical integrative bioethics--one that appreciates the joint necessity and symbiotic potential of the two agendas--is crucial to the future of the field. The ultimate goal of all of this is to offer a more compelling vision for how bioethics might conduct itself within the larger intellectual and social world it seeks to understand and serve. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A Critique of the Establishment of the Marketing Boards in Nigeria in ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

A Critique of the Establishment of the Marketing Boards in Nigeria in the 1940s. ... The Cocoa Marketing Board was set up in 1947, while the Groundnut, Cotton and Palm Produce Marketing Boards ... EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT

The Resource-Based View: A Review and Assessment of Its Critiques

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kraaijenbrink, Jeroen; Spender, J.C.; Groen, Arend J.

2010-01-01

The resource-based view (RBV) of the firm has been around for over 20 years—during which time it has been both widely taken up and subjected to considerable criticism. The authors review and assess the principal critiques evident in the literature, arguing they fall into eight categories. They

Responses to the 1983 Expulsion of Aliens from Nigeria: A Critique ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

This paper attempts a critique of this plethora of criticisms and submits that the Nigerian government of Shehu Shagari acted in conformity with the Nigerian immigration law of 1963 as informed by the exigencies of national interest. Government should therefore be exonerated from all the said criticisms. Keywords: Expulsion ...

'… Earth's proud empires pass away…': The glorification and critique ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Songs and hymns shape faith and play a part in shaping political landscapes. They can be used to build or maintain power as well as to critique and challenge it. This has been true for South Africa, and some brief examples will be given. But this article focuses on hymns and patriotic songs from the time of the British Empire ...

Urban Regeneration Partnerships: A Figurational Critique of Governmentality Theory

OpenAIRE

Lever, John

2011-01-01

This article provides a critique of governmentally inspired accounts of urban regeneration and partnership working. Drawing on the work of Norbert Elias and prominent figurational sociologists, it discusses the changes taking place within and through the many partnerships set up by New Labour around the notion of ‘community safety’. Although recognizing the important insights provided by accounts of urban regeneration emerging through studies of governmentality, the article argues that such a...

Critique and Contribute: A Practice-Based Framework for Improving Critical Data Studies and Data Science.

Science.gov (United States)

Neff, Gina; Tanweer, Anissa; Fiore-Gartland, Brittany; Osburn, Laura

2017-06-01

What would data science look like if its key critics were engaged to help improve it, and how might critiques of data science improve with an approach that considers the day-to-day practices of data science? This article argues for scholars to bridge the conversations that seek to critique data science and those that seek to advance data science practice to identify and create the social and organizational arrangements necessary for a more ethical data science. We summarize four critiques that are commonly made in critical data studies: data are inherently interpretive, data are inextricable from context, data are mediated through the sociomaterial arrangements that produce them, and data serve as a medium for the negotiation and communication of values. We present qualitative research with academic data scientists, "data for good" projects, and specialized cross-disciplinary engineering teams to show evidence of these critiques in the day-to-day experience of data scientists as they acknowledge and grapple with the complexities of their work. Using ethnographic vignettes from two large multiresearcher field sites, we develop a set of concepts for analyzing and advancing the practice of data science and improving critical data studies, including (1) communication is central to the data science endeavor; (2) making sense of data is a collective process; (3) data are starting, not end points, and (4) data are sets of stories. We conclude with two calls to action for researchers and practitioners in data science and critical data studies alike. First, creating opportunities for bringing social scientific and humanistic expertise into data science practice simultaneously will advance both data science and critical data studies. Second, practitioners should leverage the insights from critical data studies to build new kinds of organizational arrangements, which we argue will help advance a more ethical data science. Engaging the insights of critical data studies will

Danish Soldiers Narrate Civil-Military Interaction: Experience, Critique and "Identifying Best Practices"

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Brønd, Thomas Vladimir

In the aftermath of military engagements in Iraq and Afghanistan, Western militaries have been grabbling not only with these – for many – ‘failed missions’, but also with how to deal with a contemporary moment of hybrid wars and ‘chronic crisis’ (Vigh 2008). While numerous political commissions...... missions. Based on ongoing ethnographic fieldwork and extensive interviews as part of a larger research initiative ‘Perception and Legitimacy in CivilMilitary Interaction’, the paper excavates and discusses two selected cases on the basis of soldiers’ own experience and memory of what constitutes...... theory? By triangulating with other sources (field reports, media sources and others), the paper demonstrates how the discussion of these cases serves theoretically as a window into the tensions of critique in the military as part of a world where critique has – in the words of Bruno Latour (2004) – ‘run...

Medical Critique [Krytyka Lekarska]: a journal of medicine and philosophy-1897-1907.

Science.gov (United States)

Löwy, I

1990-12-01

Medico-philosophical reflections were developed in the 19th and the 20th centuries by three consecutive generations of Polish physicians, active in what was later named the Polish School of Philosophy of Medicine. The second generation of this school published its own journal, Medical Critique [Krytika Lekarska], from 1897 to 1907. Medical Critique included numerous articles on the nature of medical knowledge, the reductionism versus holism debate in biology and medicine, the importance of teleologically-oriented approaches in medicine, the influence of theories and of a priori ideas on clinical observations and on 'clinical facts', the problem of classification of diseases, the normative and ethical dimension of medicine, and the ion relationships between philosophy, history and medicine. The existence of a journal dealing specifically with theoretical reflections on medicine undoubtedly contributed to the propagation of original work in the philosophy of medicine in Poland.

Developpement d'une methode calorimetrique de mesure des pertes ac pour des rubans supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique

Science.gov (United States)

Dolez, Patricia

Le travail de recherche effectue dans le cadre de ce projet de doctorat a permis la mise au point d'une methode de mesure des pertes ac destinee a l'etude des supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique. Pour le choix des principes de cette methode, nous nous sommes inspires de travaux anterieurs realises sur les supraconducteurs conventionnels, afin de proposer une alternative a la technique electrique, presentant lors du debut de cette these des problemes lies a la variation du resultat des mesures selon la position des contacts de tension sur la surface de l'echantillon, et de pouvoir mesurer les pertes ac dans des conditions simulant la realite des futures applications industrielles des rubans supraconducteurs: en particulier, cette methode utilise la technique calorimetrique, associee a une calibration simultanee et in situ. La validite de la methode a ete verifiee de maniere theorique et experimentale: d'une part, des mesures ont ete realisees sur des echantillons de Bi-2223 recouverts d'argent ou d'alliage d'argent-or et comparees avec les predictions theoriques donnees par Norris, nous indiquant la nature majoritairement hysteretique des pertes ac dans nos echantillons; d'autre part, une mesure electrique a ete realisee in situ dont les resultats correspondent parfaitement a ceux donnes par notre methode calorimetrique. Par ailleurs, nous avons compare la dependance en courant et en frequence des pertes ac d'un echantillon avant et apres qu'il ait ete endommage. Ces mesures semblent indiquer une relation entre la valeur du coefficient de la loi de puissance modelisant la dependance des pertes avec le courant, et les inhomogeneites longitudinales du courant critique induites par l'endommagement. De plus, la variation en frequence montre qu'au niveau des grosses fractures transverses creees par l'endommagement dans le coeur supraconducteur, le courant se partage localement de maniere a peu pres equivalente entre les quelques grains de matiere

FCJ-151 The modulation and ordering of affect: from emotion recognition technology to the critique of class composition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mark Gawne

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Recent developments in the workplace have seen the intensification of methods to elicit and capture value within and across the affective encounter, notably through the introduction of technologies to monitor and measure the production of affect and emotion in service workers. This paper develops the beginning of a critique of these technologies through a discussion of affective HCI, OKAO Vision and an engagement with the compositionist critique developed in (post-Operaismo.

Contribution to the study of the structure and reactivity of ketones using deuterium substitution of the {alpha} - ketone hydrogens; Contribution a l'etude de la structure et de la reactivite des cetones, par utilisation de la substitution deuteriee des hydrogenes {alpha}-cetoniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Frejaville, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-02-01

This work is an attempt to obtain more knowledge about the structure and the reactivity of ketones; it is also a contribution to conformational analysis based on infrared signals associated with the C-D vibration in mono-deuterated compounds. In the first chapter the various dosage and synthetic methods used in this work are described. In the second chapter the infrared spectra in the 2100-2200 cm{sup -1} region for mono-deuterated ketones are interpreted on the basis of a simple model. This model is then studied in detail, and also critically and precisely, in the case of the mono deuterated acetone molecule. In the third chapter is studied the mechanism of the Favorskii reaction and the reactivity of all the {alpha}-ketonic hydrogens of 2 chloro-cyclohexanone are classified. In a technical appendix is described a counter-current exchange method for obtaining a great variety of solvents and deuterated pure raw materials under advantageous conditions. (author) [French] Ce travail est un effort vers une meilleure connaissance de la structure et de la reactivite des cetones; c'est egalement une contribution a l'analyse conformationnelle d'apres l'etude des signaux infrarouges associes a la vibration C-D dans les composes monodeuteries. Dans le premier chapitre sont decrites les differentes methodes de dosage et de synthese qui ont ete utilisees dans ce travail. Dans le deuxieme chapitre, les spectres infrarouges dans la region 2100-2200 cm{sup -1} de cetones monodeuteriees sont interpretes sur la base d'un modele simple. Ce modele est ensuite etudie de facon detaillee, critique et precise sur la molecule d'acetone monodeuteriee. Dans le troisieme chapitre on etudie le mecanisme de la reaction de FAWORSKII et l'on classe la reactivite de tous les hydrogenes {alpha}-cetoniques de la chloro-2-cyclohexanone. Dons l'appendice technique on decrit la mise en oeuvre d'un appareil d'echange a contre-courant qui permet d'obtenir dans des conditions tres interessantes une

A Rod Ricochet Model

Science.gov (United States)

2004-08-01

RUE DE LA FEDERATION PARIS 75752 FRANCE 1 CEA CESTA A GEILLE BOX 2 LE BARP 33114 FRANCE 5 CENTRE D’ETUDES DE GRAMAT C LOUPIAS...P OUTREBON J CAGNOUX C GALLIC J TRANCHET GRAMAT 46500 FRANCE 6 CENTRE DE RECHERCHES ET D’ETUDES D’ARCUEIL D BOUVART C

The dynamic behaviour of heat exchangers; Etude du comportement dynamique des echangeurs de chaleur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fonteray, J; Rozenholc, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-07-01

In order to study the dynamics of nuclear power plants, one needs mathematical models made up of ordinary differential equations. This report deals with models for heat exchangers. These models allow exact evaluations of the temperatures for any steady state. The deformation of the temperature maps during transients is taken into account. To do this, average temperatures are evaluated keeping In mind, on one hand the partial differential equations, on the other hand, the physical phenomenons which are involved. Seven ordinary differential equations at most, are necessary for one heat exchanger. Theses models were compared with mathematically exact ones and also with experimental results, that EDF was able to measure on EDF-1 heat exchangers. The results appear to be correct. (authors) [French] Les etudes de dynamique sur les centrales nucleaires exigent l'elaboration de modeles apparaissant sous forme d'equations differentlelles ordinaires. Ce rapport est consacre a la recherche de modeles d'echangeurs. Dans ces modeles les temperatures sont calculees exactement pour n'importe quel regime permanent. Pour tenir compte de la deformation des distributions de temperature en regime transitoire, on evalue les temperatures moyennes dans l'echangeur en s'appuyant, d'une part, sur les equations aux derivees partielles et, d'autre part, sur une analyse des phenomenes physiques. Les modeles contiennent au plus sept equations differentielles ordinaires. Ces modeles ont ete compares aux modeles mathematiques exacts et aussi a des resultats experimentaux, obtenus par l'EDF, sur les echangeurs d'EDF-1. Les resultats paraissent satisfaisants. (auteurs)

Randomized control trial for the assessment of the anti-albuminuric effects of topiroxostat in hyperuricemic patients with diabetic nephropathy (the ETUDE study).

Science.gov (United States)

Kato, Sawako; Ando, Masahiko; Mizukoshi, Toshihiro; Nagata, Takanobu; Katsuno, Takayuki; Kosugi, Tomoki; Tsuboi, Naotake; Maruyama, Shoichi

2016-05-01

Proteinuria is an established risk factor for diabetic nephropathy. Recent studies indicate that some xanthine oxidase inhibitors have a renoprotective effect. The aim of this study was to assess whether topiroxostat reduces albuminuria in hyperuricemic patients with diabetic nephropathy and overt proteinuria. The ETUDE study is an ongoing 24-week, multicenter, open-label, randomized (1:1), parallel group study involving hyperuricemic patients with diabetic nephropathy (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] ≥ 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and overt proteinuria (0.3 ≤ urine protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) ETUDE trial is the first randomized controlled study of topiroxostat in hyperuricemic patients with diabetic nephropathy and overt proteinuria. We will clarify the pleiotropic function of topiroxostat including an anti-albumiuric effect as well as its effects on safely decreasing serum uric acid levels.

Manufacturing Consistency: Social Science, Rhetoric and Chomsky’s Critique

OpenAIRE

Edgley, Alison

2009-01-01

Chomsky’s critique of US foreign policy – and the media coverage it generates – has significant theoretical merit, and deserves to be of considerable interest within the social sciences. His analysis rests upon two distinctive positions. First, he claims that capitalism only survives because of the role played by the state, legislatively and administratively, controversially adding that it operates as an economic agent providing welfare for the rich. While the political and corporate elite ca...

The Feminist Critique in Epistemological Perspective: Questions of Context in Family Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Taggart, Morris

1985-01-01

Presents the feminist critique of systems-based family therapy. Discusses the functions of "punctuation,""boundary," and "closure" in systemic epistemology. Explores implications of a new context for family therapy with respect to women's issues, clinical epistemology, and the challenge to raise novel questions in family therapy. (BH)

Obstetrics in a Time of Violence: Mexican Midwives Critique Routine Hospital Practices.

Science.gov (United States)

Zacher Dixon, Lydia

2015-12-01

Mexican midwives have long taken part in a broader Latin American trend to promote "humanized birth" as an alternative to medicalized interventions in hospital obstetrics. As midwives begin to regain authority in reproductive health and work within hospital units, they come to see the issue not as one of mere medicalization but of violence and violation. Based on ethnographic fieldwork with midwives from across Mexico during a time of widespread social violence, my research examines an emergent critique of hospital birth as a site of what is being called violencia obstétrica (obstetric violence). In this critique, women are discussed as victims of explicit abuse by hospital staff and by the broader health care infrastructures. By reframing obstetric practices as violent-as opposed to medicalized-these midwives seek to situate their concerns about women's health care in Mexico within broader regional discussions about violence, gender, and inequality. © 2015 by the American Anthropological Association.

Study of U - Pu - Fe alloys (Masurca critical experiment); Etudes d'alliages U-Pu-Fe (experience critique MASURCA)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barthelemy, P; Boucher, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

pour ces deux dernieres teneurs le passage du point de transformation (595 et 590 deg. C respectivement) entraine une deterioration rapide et complete des echantillons sous air. Les essais d'inflammabilite sous air montrent que la temperature de debut d'oxydation se situe vers 250 deg. C et que la reaction ne s'entretient pas d'elle-meme. On n'a pas observe d'inflammation proprement dite lors d'une montee jusqu'a 660 deg. C. L'etude dilatometrique a permis de determiner la temperature de transformation a l'etat solide, la temperature de fusion commencante et les coefficients de dilatation. En dessous de la transformation les alliages sont formes principalement des phases U-Pu zeta et (U, Pu){sub 6}Fe. La conductibilite thermique, le module d'Young, la densite et la chaleur de fusion ont ete mesures. les essais de compatibilite U-Pu-Fe{approx}acier inox NS 22 S montrent qu'au contact des deux alliages se forme une phase du type (U,Pu){sub 6}Fe. L'alliage a 1% de fer parait preferable, la phase (U,Pu){sub 6}Fe formee a l'interface etant 2 a 3 fois moins etendue qu'avec l'alliage a 1,5% de fer. Enfin le probleme de la stabilite thermique a temperature peu elevee a ete considere pour l'alliage a 1% de fer. Le passage du point de transformation a 595 deg. C entraine l'apparition d'une anomalie dilatometrique, au refroidissement, se traduisant par une tres faible dilatation dont l'amplitude diminue en fonction du nombre de cycles effectues entre 20 et 650 deg. C sur l'alliage brut de coulee a l'origine. Par contre, des cyclages thermiques entre 50 et 400 deg. C montrent que les alliages ne presentent pas d'anomalie et sont stables. De meme, des maintiens de 5 mois a 100 deg. C, 200 deg. C, 300 deg. C, sous vide, n'entrainent aucune alteration des alliages. (auteurs)

Anisotropies of the neutron emission of the 'Focus' discharge compared with different theoretical models; Anisotropies de l'emission neutronique de la decharge 'Focus' comparees a divers modeles theoriques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Patou, Claude; Simonnet, Alain

1969-08-06

When a plasma emits enough neutrons to make an analysis of this neutrons possible, the study of emission characteristics allows the mechanism governing fusion reaction to be specified. The experimental study of neutron flow and energy anisotropies is herein compared with various possible theoretical models. It seems that the 'Boiler' model (thermal plasma in movement) matches the obtained results. Only observed flow values in the discharge axis remain unexplained. Although the study approach does not allow to be sure of plasma thermalization in the strict meaning of the term, it seems that there is a relatively well established anisotropy of the speed distribution function of reacting ions [French] Lorsqu'un plasma emet suffisamment de neutrons pour les soumettre a l'analyse, l'etude des caracteristiques de l'emission permet de preciser le mecanisme responsable des reactions de fusion. L'etude experimentale des anisotropies du flux et de l'energie des neutrons est comparee a divers modeles theoriques possibles. Il semble que le modele du 'Boiler' - plasma thermique en mouvement - s'accorde avec nos resultats. Seules les valeurs des flux observes selon l'axe de la decharge restent sans explication. Bien que ce moyen d'etude ne permette pas d'etre certain de la thermalisation du plasma au sens strict du terme, il semble cependant qu'on se trouve en presence d'une isotropie relativement bien realisee de la fonction de distribution des vitesses des ions qui entrent en reaction. (auteurs)

A Critique on the Concept of Social Accountability in Higher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Pedroza Flores, René; Villalobos Monroy, Guadalupe; Reyes Fabela, Ana María

2015-01-01

This paper attempts to present a critique of the concept and meaning of the term social accountability at university level from a critical point of view. The main objective is to analyze and re-build the term accountability in order to contextualize it for public universities. First, we present the importance of the idea of accountability in…

Inquiry, Critique, and Dissemination of Knowledge: Graduate Students Contributing to Wikipedia

Science.gov (United States)

Simmons, Nicola

2013-01-01

Graduate students use existing knowledge and are ultimately expected to add to that knowledge. Students in a Masters of Education entry course were asked to find a Wikipedia page related to the course topics, critique it, and make improvements to it to begin to develop these skills. In this paper, I examine ways in which their perspectives were…

69 ETUDE CRITIQUE DE LA QUESTION DU MARIAGE DANS UNE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Ike Odimegwu

et Mariama Bâ la ressent trop dans la société africaine. Ce théme sert à l'auteur un instrument pour dévoiler toutes sortes d'oppression de la femme .... Ba un outil pour dénoncer ce type de mariage où la jeune fille est sacrifiée au gré de sa ...

Development of a slow mono-kinetic electron source; Etude et realisation d'une source d'electrons lents monocinetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ballu, Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-06-01

A comparative study of already existing slow mono-kinetic electron guns shows that those using a 127 degrees electrostatic selector can be improved still further to arrive at the performances obtained with spherical 180 degrees selectors for example. For this reason we have examined the 127 degrees selector theoretically in more detail; it appears that it should be possible to obtain a resolving power better than 30 mV for a current of about 10{sup -10} A, on condition that certain improvements be made to the instrument as normally designed, in particular concerning the entrance and exit slides. As a result, the usual suppressors for the scattered electrons are no longer necessary. The development of this apparatus has been carried out with particular care: the dimensional characteristics are fixed to an accuracy of a few microns, although the instrument can be baked out at 300 C. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions: for a current of 10{sup -10} A, the measured resolving power is 24 {+-} 4 mV. The easy detection of the He{sup -} resonance line at 19.3 eV has confirmed the advantages of this apparatus for the study of atomic collisions. (author) [French] L'etude comparative des canons a electrons lents monocinetiques realises jusqu'a present montre que ceux qui utilisent un selecteur electrostatique a 127 degres peuvent etre encore perfectionnes en vue de parvenir aux performances obtenues avec les selecteurs spheriques a 180 degres par exemple. D'ou notre etude theorique approfondie du selecteur a 127 degres qui nous a conduit a esperer une resolution meilleure que 30 mV pour un courant de l'ordre de 10{sup -10} A a condition d'apporter certaines ameliorations a la conception usuelle de cet instrument notamment au niveau des fentes d'entree et de sortie. Par voie de consequence les suppresseurs habituels d'electrons parasites deviennent inutiles. L'etude et la mise au point de l'appareil ont fait l'objet de soins

The Impact of Standards-Based Reform: Applying Brantlinger's Critique of "Hierarchical Ideologies"

Science.gov (United States)

Bacon, Jessica; Ferri, Beth

2013-01-01

Brantlinger's [2004b. "Ideologies Discerned, Values Determined: Getting past the Hierarchies of Special Education." In "Ideology and the Politics of (in)Exclusion," edited by L. Ware, 11-31. New York: Peter Lang Publishing] critique of hierarchical ideologies lays bare the logics embedded in standards-based reform. Drawing on…

Critique of the quantum power of judgment. A transcendental foundation of quantum objectivity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pringe, H.

2007-01-01

In this book Kant's critique of pure ratio is considered in the framework of quantum mechanics. In this connections Bohr's thought is considered with a short view on the EPR paradox. Finally a transcendental foundation of quantum mechanics is presented. (HSI)

Between critique and affirmation: An interventionist approach to entrepreneurship education

OpenAIRE

Resch, Bernhard; Hoyer, Patrizia; Steyaert, Chris

2018-01-01

This chapter argues that it is not enough to "simply" question the optimistic politics of entreneurship education. Rather, this is an interplay between critique and affirmation, enabled by "an interventionist approach" that the authors pursue in the master's-level course "Entrepreneurship and Creativity". The described interventions aim at disentangling and reassociating time and space, bodies and motions, people and materials. The authors constantly add new elements to the equation in someti...

The Use of a Probit Model for the Validation of Selection Procedures.

Science.gov (United States)

Dagenais, Denyse L.

1984-01-01

After a review of the disadvantages of linear models for estimating the probability of academic success from previous school records and admission test results, the use of a probit model is proposed. The model is illustrated with admissions data from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales in Montreal. (Author/BW)

Methods for studying the radioactive contamination of plants (1963); Methodes d'etude de la contamination radioactive des vegetaux (1963)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coulon, R; Jeanmaire, L; Michon, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-07-01

The authors first define the doctrine which led to the devising of a method for studying the radioactive pollution of plants, based on the use of simple techniques, having the possibility of being adapted for routine work, and so devised that each stage is proceeded with only if the preceding one justifies it. For each stage a study is effected comparing the results obtained by the use of more exact techniques. The second part describes in detail the techniques used. (authors) [French] Dans une premiere partie lea auteurs definissent la doctrine qui leur a permis d'elaborer une methode d'etude de la pollution radioactive des vegetaux, basee sur l'utilisation de techniques simples, se pretant au travail de serie et concues de telle maniere que chaque etape n'est abordee que si la precedente le justifie. Chaque etape fait l'objet d'une etude qui compare les resultats a ceux obtenue par des techniques plus precises. La deuxieme partie decrit dans le detail les techniques utilisees. (auteurs)

Critiques of the risk concept

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nexøe, Jørgen; Halvorsen, Peder Andreas; Kristiansen, Ivar Sønbø

2007-01-01

The increasing use of the risk concept in healthcare has caused concern among medical doctors, especially general practitioners (GPs). Critics have claimed that risk identification and intervention create unfounded anxiety, that the concept of risk is not useful at the individual patient level, t...... useful for GPs, and in fact a key issue. It is concluded that risk critique should be based on sound theory and empirical data. Critics may do well in making clear distinctions between facts and value judgements......The increasing use of the risk concept in healthcare has caused concern among medical doctors, especially general practitioners (GPs). Critics have claimed that risk identification and intervention create unfounded anxiety, that the concept of risk is not useful at the individual patient level...... interests promote risk interventions, that patients may misunderstand risk information, and that risk information can cause unnecessary anxiety. The authors have found no empirical data on the amount of time primary healthcare providers spend on risk interventions, and have not identified any valid...

A Critique of Koh's (2014) "Doing Class Analysis in Singapore's Elite Education"

Science.gov (United States)

Kabel, Scott

2017-01-01

Aaron Koh contributed to a collection of multi-site global ethnographic articles published here (2014, Vol. 12, No. 2) that present class reproduction as operationalised in elite education. While the collection adds to the current international critique of meritocracy, a close look at Koh's contribution reveals that critical ethnography can lose…

Study of a one-dimensional model for a system of interacting fermions; Etude d'un modele a une dimension pour un systeme de fermions en interaction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gaudin, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-11-01

The subject of this thesis is a one dimensional model for a quantum system of fermions with attractive or repulsive interaction. The eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian with periodic boundary conditions are exactly determined. The knowledge of the spectrum is essentially applied on the study of the attractive gas, characterized by the presence of 'pairs' or two particles bound states. This system can be described as a gas of 'one dimensional deuterons', which has some analogy with a boson gas. Some extensive properties of the ground state have been discussed for example energy as a function of the density and magnetization, for all the values of the coupling constant. The analytic properties of the energy function are studied, but not completely resolved. Finally the elementary excitations of the phonon type are considered and the dispersion curves are given. (author) [French] On etudie un modele a une dimension pour un systeme quantique de fermions en interaction attractive ou repulsive dans un volume donne. L'ensemble des niveaux d'energie et des etats propres du systeme est determine exactement. La connaissance du spectre est surtout appliquee a l'etude du gaz attractif, interessant par la presence de 'paires' ou etats lies a deux particules. On peut decrire ce systeme comme un gaz de 'deuterons a une dimension' qui possede quelque ressemblance avec un systeme de bosons. Quelques proprietes extensives de l'etat fondamental sont donnees, comme l'energie en fonction de la densite et de la magnetisation totale, pour toute valeur de la constante de couplage. Les proprietes analytiques de la fonction energie sont etudiees sans etre completement elucidees. On aborde enfin les excitations elementaires du systeme et on etablit la courbe de dispersion d'une excitation de type phonon. (auteur)

Was epicurus a buddhist? An examination and critique of the theories of negative happiness in buddha and epicurus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adam Barkman

2010-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1677-2954.2008v7n2p286Comparisons betw western philosophies are uncommon and this, among other things, hinders global philosophical discourse. Thus, in this essay I want to compare the philosophies of the Buddha and Epicurus for similarities, particular in regard to what I call "negative happiness." Once I have establish this, I want to give a brief critique of negative happiness, which subsequently amounts to a selective critique of Buddhism and Epicureanism.

Contribution to the study of the stability of water-cooled reactors; Contribution a l'etude de la stabilite des reacteurs refroidis par de l'eau

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Coudert, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-06-01

This work is devoted to the study of the stability of reactors cooled by water subjected only to natural convection. It is made up of two parts, a theoretical study and experimental work, each of these parts being devoted to a consideration of linear and non-linear conditions: - calculation of the transfer function of the reactor using neutronic and hydrodynamic linear equations with the determination of the instability threshold; - demonstration of the existence of the limiting oscillation cycle in the case of a linear feedback using MALKIN'S method; - measurement and interpretation of the reactor's transfer functions and of the hydrodynamic transfer functions; and - analysis of the noise due to boiling. (author) [French] Dans ce travail on etudie la stabilite des piles refroidies par de l'eau circulant en convection naturelle. Cette etude se divise en deux parties: un travail theorique et un travail experimental, chacune de ces parties comportant une etude lineaire et une etude non-lineaire: - calcul de la fonction de transfert du reacteur a partir des equations lineaires de la neutronique et de l'hydrodynamique avec determination du seuil d'instabilite; - demonstration de l'existence du cycle limite des oscillations dans le cas d'une retroaction lineaire en utilisant la methode de MALKIN; - mesure et interpretation de la fonction de transfert du reacteur et des fonctions de transfert hydrodynamiques; et - analyse du bruit d'ebullition. (auteur)

The Critique of Scholastic Language in Renaissance Humanism and Early Modern Philosophy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Nauta, Lodi; Muratori, Cecilia; Paganini, Gianni

2016-01-01

This article studies some key moments in the long tradition of the critique of scholastic language, voiced by humanists and early-modern philosophers alike. It aims at showing how the humanist idiom of “linguistic usage,” “convention,” “custom,” “common” and “natural” language, and “everyday speech”

Conceptual Divergence - Canons and Taboos - and Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høyrup, Jens

2004-01-01

of notational imperfection versus conceptual divergence is none the less too simplistic, since differences may also be due to deliberate choices and exclusions on the part of the authors of the ancient texts—for instance because such a choice helps to fence off a profession, because it expresses appurtenance...... to a real or imagined tradition, or as a result of a critique in the Kantian sense, an elimination of expressions and forms of reasoning that are found theoretically incoherent. The argument is based throughout on historical examples....

Critique of the quantum power of judgment. A transcendental foundation of quantum objectivity

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pringe, H.

2007-07-01

In this book Kant's critique of pure ratio is considered in the framework of quantum mechanics. In this connections Bohr's thought is considered with a short view on the EPR paradox. Finally a transcendental foundation of quantum mechanics is presented. (HSI)

Contribution to the study of deformed heavy nuclei by means of nuclear reactions; Contribution a l'etude des noyaux lourds deformes au moyen de reactions nucleaires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gastebois, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-06-01

The experimental results obtained in the study of the (d,p) reactions, at E{sub d} = 12 MeV, on the three even-even deformed nuclei {sup 170}Yb, {sup 172}Yb and {sup 174}Yb have been analysed in terms of DWBA calculations. The spectroscopic information relative to the odd final nuclei have been compared with the predictions of the collective model and of the Nilsson's model. The effect of various parameters used in the DWBA analysis (form factors, optical wave functions) has been carefully studied. The observed differences between the three final nuclei are qualitatively reproduced in the experimental study of resonances, seen in excitation functions of elastically and inelastically scattered protons on the same target nuclei, and corresponding to analogue states in the three nuclei {sup 171}Lu, {sup 173}Lu and {sup 175}Lu. (author) [French] Les resultats experimentaux de l'etude des reactions (d.p) a E{sub d} = 12 MeV, sur les noyaux deformes pairs-pairs {sup 170}Yb, {sup 172}Yb et {sup 174}Yb ont ete interpretes dans le cadre de l'approximation de Born des ondes deformees. Les informations spectroscopiques relatives aux noyaux impairs finals ont ete comparees aux predictions du modele collectif et du modele de Nilsson, apres avoir examine avec soin l'influence des differents parametres (facteurs de forme, fonctions d'onde 'optiques') utilises lors de l'analyse. Les differences observees entre les trois noyaux finals sont qualitativement reproduites par les resultats experimentaux de l'etude de resonances dans les fonctions d'excitation de diffusion elastique et inelastique de protons sur les memes noyaux-cibles, lors de la recherche d'etats analogues dans les noyaux {sup 171}Lu, {sup 173}Lu et {sup 175}Lu. (auteur)

Aerodynamic and thermal studies of cans of gas cooled fuel elements; Etudes aerodynamiques et thermiques de gaines d'elements combustibles refroidis par gaz

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gelin, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Milliat, J P [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

1964-07-01

Research on clusters was undertaken at the CEA in 1959, while studies on herring-bone cans were developed at the EDF Laboratory at Chatou and the CEA laboratory at Saclay at the end of 1959. In 1962, a general study on corrugations was begun at the Saclay Laboratory with a view to improving the clusters, and continued later in both laboratories relative to the internal cooling of annular fuel elements. As these studies progressed, trial facilities were extended while experimental methods have improved constantly. At the present time, both laboratories, working in complete collaboration, have powerful means at their disposal. Work on the clusters has been concerned chiefly with pressure losses due to the assembly parts, and with the temperature variations around the elements of the cluster. In this way, we have been able to determine satisfactorily the hot points of the can, the deformations of the rods and the conditions of stability of these deformations. In the case of the herring-bone cans, studies have been directed to the evolution of performances as a function of the geometric parameters on the one hand, and to the special aerodynamic and thermal features caused by the fins and by interruptions of cartridge on the other hand. These studies have led to a very thorough knowledge of the cartridges chosen for the reactors EDF 2 and EDF 3, and now open up very hopeful prospects for future reactors, particularly those fitted with annular elements; among the alternatives suitable for the inner surface of the annular element can, corrugations and longitudinal fins have been fairly extensively tested over a wide range of Reynolds number. (authors) [French] Les etudes de grappes ont ete entreprises au C.E.A. en 1959, tandis que les etudes de gaines a chevrons se sont developpees au Laboratoire de Chatou de l'EDF et au Laboratoire de Saclay du C.E.A. a la fin de l'annee 1959. En 1962, une etude generale sur les corrugations a ete commencee au Laboratoire de Saclay pour

Subject Between Negativity and Aufhebung/désoeuvrement. Refutation of the Cryptotheological Critique of Agamben

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mikołaj Ratajczak

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The aim of this article is a detailed analysis of the critique concerning the conceptof subjectivity in Giorgio Agamben’s philosophy made by the Polish philosopherAgata Bielik-Robson arguing for her own conceptualization of subject’s ethicalformation. The main thesis states that by situating Agamben in the conceptualhorizon he aims to overcome, her critique stopped halfway. In doing so, the articleshows that the common ground of both Agamben’s and Bielik-Robson’s views onthe subject is the philosophy of Hegel and the differences between them can beexplicated as the difference in choosing one of two strategies of subject’s formationderiving from Hegel: while Bielik-Robson radicalizes the moment of negativity,Agamben tries to elaborate a different (messianic logic of Aufhebung.

Symetrie en energie des spectres de l'onde de densite de charge dans le 2-hydrogene seleniure de niobium

Science.gov (United States)

Behmand, Behnaz

Les mecanismes qui menent a la supraconductivite dans les supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique sont encore aujourd'hui mal compris contrairement a ceux dans les supraconducteurs conventionnels. Dans les hauts-Tc, certaines modulations de la densite d'etats electroniques coexistant avec la phase supraconductrice ont ete observees, ce qui engendre des questionnements sur leur role dans la supraconductivite. En fait, plusieurs types de modulation de la densite d'etats electroniques existent, comme par exemple l'onde de densite de charge et l'onde de densite de paires. Ces deux modulations, d'origines differentes et mesurables avec la technique de spectroscopie par effet tunnel, peuvent etre differenciees avec une etude de leur symetrie. Ce memoire consistera donc a presenter l'etude de la symetrie de l'onde de densite de charge dans le 2H-NbSe2 qui est presente dans la phase supraconductrice a 300 mK. Par contre, certaines difficultes liees au principe de mesure, soit l'effet de normalisation, nuisent a l'identification de cette symetrie. La methode, pour contourner ce probleme sera alors l'element clef de ce travail.

Effect of WhatsApp on Critique Writing Proficiency and Perceptions toward Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Awada, Ghada

2016-01-01

This article reports the results of an experimental study on the effectiveness of mobile technology (WhatsApp) in improving the critique writing skills of English as a Foreign Language learners and increasing their motivation for learning. The participants (n = 52) are Average-English proficient learners enrolled in two writing courses given at…

Countering the Pedagogy of Extremism: Reflective Narratives and Critiques of Problem-Based Learning

Science.gov (United States)

Woo, Chris W. H.; Laxman, Kumar

2013-01-01

This paper is a critique against "purist" pedagogies found in the literature of student-centred learning. The article reproves extremism in education and questions the absolutism and teleological truths expounded in exclusive problem-based learning. The paper articulates the framework of a unifying pedagogical practice through Eve…

Using a Collaborative Critiquing Technique to Develop Chemistry Students' Technical Writing Skills

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, Jeremy M.

2013-01-01

The technique, termed "collaborative critiquing", was developed to teach fundamental technical writing skills to analytical chemistry students for the preparation of laboratory reports. This exercise, which can be completed prior to peer-review activities, is novel, highly interactive, and allows students to take responsibility for their…

Knowledge, Power and Meanings Shaping Quality Assurance in Higher Education: A Systemic Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Houston, Don; Paewai, Shelley

2013-01-01

Internationally, quality assurance schemes persist despite long-standing dissatisfaction and critique of their impact and outcomes. Adopting a critical systems perspective, the article explores the relationships between the knowledge, power and meanings that stakeholder groups bring to the design and implementation of quality assurance systems.…

The Assessor Assessed: A "Revisionist" Looks at a Critique of the Sandia Report.

Science.gov (United States)

Bracey, Gerald W.

1995-01-01

In critiquing the Sandia Report, Lawrence Stedman faulted it and other revisionist reports for emphasizing trend data rather than quality and not acknowledging educational requirements within a democratic society. The article addresses the issues, presenting evidence from additional studies to argue that none of Stedman's general contentions…

Development of mercury porosimeter. Application to nuclear graphite studies (1961); Mise au point d'un porosimetre a mercure. Application a l'etude des graphites nucleaires (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bocquet, M; Genisson, J; Sailleau, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

A mercury porosimeter, model IFP-CEA, has been developed for application to nuclear graphite studies. The apparatus is based on the capillary depression phenomenon. The relationship between the radius of a pore and the pressure at which mercury fills it is pr = -2 {sigma} cos {theta} ( {sigma} is the surface tension, {theta} the angle of contact of the mercury). After some theoretical consideration, the apparatus is described. The mercury pressure is increased step-wise from 0 to 1000 kg/cm{sup 2} thus yielding the complete distribution of pores from 92 {mu} to 75 A. Results are, then presented concerning nuclear graphites which show the evolution of the porous structure under the effect of bitumen impregnation. In general, the volume of the large pores decreases while that of the small pores increases. The structure of impregnated products appears to depend to a certain extent on that of the starting materials. It has also been possible to study other products with this porosimeter; the range of measurements possible is such that it may be used for the study of the majority of porous materials. (authors) [French] Un porosimetre a mercure modele IFP-CEA a ete mis au point en vue de son application a l'etude de graphites nucleaires. Le fonctionnement de l'appareil repose sur le phenomene de depression capillaire. On etablit la relation existant entre le rayon r d'un pore et la pression p pour laquelle le mercure peut y penetrer: pr = -2 {sigma} cos {theta} ( {sigma} tension superficielle, {theta} angle de contact du mercure). Apres quelques considerations theoriques, l'appareil utilise est decrit. Il permet de faire varier par palier la pression du mercure entre 0 et 1000 kg/cm{sup 2} et d'etablir ainsi la distribution complete des rayons de pores compris entre 92 {mu} et 75 A. Les resultats d'une etude faite sur des graphites nucleaires sont alors presentes faisant apparaitre l'evolution de la structure poreuse sous l'effet des impregnations au brai. D'une facon

A study of the aptitude of soils under natural conditions to retain radiostrontium; Etude de la vocation des sols en place a la retention du radiostrontium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bovard, P; Grauby, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

Independently of the theoretical study of the propagation of radioactivity in the soil as a result of submersions or of radioactive rain, the authors have studied directly and practically how this radioactivity can vary in the actual soil. To this end a simple, rapid method has been perfected; it makes it possible to maintain for each soil sample the natural parameters (structure, humidity, etc.) without introducing boundary effects. In the laboratory, after charging the soil samples, part of the study of the propagation of radioactivity is done by autoradiography; finally, as a practical application, the study of an atomic site illustrates the methods described. (author) [French] Independamment de l'etude theorique de la propagation de la radioactivite dans le sol a la suite de submersions ou de pluies radioactives, les auteurs ont etudie directement et pratiquement comment pourrait evoluer cette radioactivite dans les sols en place. Pour cela, une methode simple et rapide a ete mise au point; elle permet de conserver pour chaque echantillon de sol, les parametres naturels (structure, humidite, etc...), sans introduire d'effets de paroi. En laboratoire, apres mise en charge des massifs preleves, une partie de l'etude de la propagation des radioelements est realisee par autoradiographie; enfin, une application pratique, l'etude d'un site atomique, illustre l'expose. (auteur)

A study of the aptitude of soils under natural conditions to retain radiostrontium; Etude de la vocation des sols en place a la retention du radiostrontium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bovard, P.; Grauby, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

Independently of the theoretical study of the propagation of radioactivity in the soil as a result of submersions or of radioactive rain, the authors have studied directly and practically how this radioactivity can vary in the actual soil. To this end a simple, rapid method has been perfected; it makes it possible to maintain for each soil sample the natural parameters (structure, humidity, etc.) without introducing boundary effects. In the laboratory, after charging the soil samples, part of the study of the propagation of radioactivity is done by autoradiography; finally, as a practical application, the study of an atomic site illustrates the methods described. (author) [French] Independamment de l'etude theorique de la propagation de la radioactivite dans le sol a la suite de submersions ou de pluies radioactives, les auteurs ont etudie directement et pratiquement comment pourrait evoluer cette radioactivite dans les sols en place. Pour cela, une methode simple et rapide a ete mise au point; elle permet de conserver pour chaque echantillon de sol, les parametres naturels (structure, humidite, etc...), sans introduire d'effets de paroi. En laboratoire, apres mise en charge des massifs preleves, une partie de l'etude de la propagation des radioelements est realisee par autoradiographie; enfin, une application pratique, l'etude d'un site atomique, illustre l'expose. (auteur)

Formulating transgenerational technology critique as conflictual collaboration

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chimirri, Niklas Alexander

2015-01-01

In the fields of technology design studies and human-computer interaction (HCI), participatory technology design involving children has been on the rise. Particularly studies applying and developing the cooperative inquiry methodology or inspired by it are of growing interest to media technology...... designers. While the underlying impetus of actively involving the intended users in the design process and thereby taking the children as seriously as adult users is laudable, the overarching framing and directionality of the technology design process is rendered unquestionable for the children....... The presentation illustrates that the pristine intention of engaging in intergenerational technology design is potentially helpful for collectively formulating a productive and sustainable technology critique. On the downside the applied methodologies lack viable concepts for meaningfully analyzing its...

Critique of Caplan’s The Myth of the Rational Voter

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stuart Farrand

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Bryan Caplan’s 2007 book, The Myth of the Rational Voter, created some controversy by stating that voters make irrational political decisions. While it has commonly been accepted in public choice discourse that citizens are ignorant of the complexities of politics, Caplan takes the argument one step further and states that citizens hold extreme anti-economic biases that invoke certain irrational demands of politicians. Caplan also asserts that democratic failure is thoroughly a result of the these irrational biases, and that citizens deserve the primary blame for problems within the American political system. This critique analyzes several inconsistencies in Caplan’s assessment of the political condition, which include his doctrine of rational irrationality, his skepticism towards democratic failure, and his apologetic attitude towards politicians. Under closer scrutiny, one can see that Caplan’s main thesis, the concept of rational irrationality, is largely unfounded. Furthermore, the theoretical model he constructs is largely incomplete, since he focuses primarily on the failures of citizens, but does not take into account numerous other factors within the political process that can lead to democratic failure.

Foucault and the Use of Critique: Breaching the Self-Evidence of Educational Practices

Science.gov (United States)

Bye, Jayne

2015-01-01

This paper poses methodological questions about the role and limits of Foucault's concept of governmentality in education research. Firstly, it argues for the utility of governmentality as a means of exploring questions of power regardless of domain or scale. Secondly, it explores the boundary between the tasks of formulating critique and…

Study of superconductors of the second type in the lead-thallium system; Etude des supraconducteurs de la deuxieme espece du systeme plomb-thallium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bon Mardion, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The author has shown by magnetization measurements on lead-thallium alloys having from 5 to 70 atom per cent of thallium, that superconductors of the second type definitively exist. The results obtained, in particular on the upper critical field H{sub C2} are in good agreement with the models of Ginzburg, Landau, Abrikosov, Gorkov and Goodman. Finally resistivity measurements have confirmed the occurrence of a fourth upper critical field, the existence of which has been theoretically predicted by St James and de Gennes. (author) [French] L'auteur par des mesures d'aimantation sur les alliages plomb-thallium, de composition variant de 5 pour cent a 70 pour cent At. de thallium, a montre qu'il fallait admettre definitivement l'existence des supraconducteurs de la deuxieme espece. Les resultats obtenus, en particulier sur le champ critique superieur H{sub c2} sont en bon accord avec les modeles de Ginzburg, Landau, Abrikosov, Gorkov et Goodman. Enfin des mesures de resistivite ont confirme l'existence d'un quatrieme champ critique superieur H{sub c3}, existence prevue theoriquement par St James et de Gennes. (auteur)

Rita Felski, The Limits of Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Corrado Confalonieri

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Professore di Letteratura inglese presso la University of Virginia – e dal 2016 Niels Bohr Professor alla University of Southern Denmark per un progetto quinquennale dedicato agli usi sociali della letteratura –, Rita Felski non è, all’interno del gruppo di studiosi che lavorano negli Stati Uniti, tra quelli più noti al pubblico italiano, e ciò non soltanto perché mancano traduzioni dei suoi libri, ma per il fatto che diversi tra questi sono rivolti a un contesto piuttosto specificamente americano. Non fa eccezione The Limits of Critique, il libro che qui si presenta e che dovrebbe costituire la seconda uscita di una trilogia avviata nel 2008 con Uses of Literature (Wiley-Blackwell e destinata a concludersi con un volume ora in fase di elaborazione dedicato al coinvolgimento estetico e alle ragioni per cui, come lettori o spettatori, siamo affascinati da un’opera d’arte.

Towards a Benjaminian Critique of Hermann Cohen’s Logical Idealism

OpenAIRE

Homburg, Phillip

2017-01-01

This article aims to examine the relationship between Walter Benjamin and neo-Kantianism, particularly Herman Cohen’s logical idealism. I divide the article into two major sections: first, I examine the development of Cohen’s philosophy and its relationship to Hermann von Helmholtz and Friedrich Albert Lange’s early neo-Kantianism; second, I examine Benjamin’s critique of Cohen. I focus specifically on two of Benjamin’s early philosophical works — the fragment “On Perception” and the text “On...

Formative versus Reflective Measurement in Executive Functions: A Critique of Willoughby et al.

Science.gov (United States)

Peterson, Eric; Welsh, Marilyn C.

2014-01-01

Research into executive functioning (EF) has indeed grown exponentially across the past few decades, but as the Willoughby et al. critique makes clear, there remain fundamental questions to be resolved. The crux of their argument is built upon an examination of the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach to understanding executive processes.…

MSFC Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount. [a technical history and management critique

Science.gov (United States)

Morse, A. R.

1974-01-01

A technical history and management critique of the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) from initial conception through the design, manufacturing, testing and prelaunch phases is presented. A mission performance summary provides a general overview of the ATM's achievements in relationship to its design goals. Recommendations and conclusions applicable to hardware design, test program philosophy and performance, and program management techniques for the ATM with potential application to future programs are also discussed.

Neural veils and the will to historical critique: why historians of science need to take the neuro-turn seriously.

Science.gov (United States)

Cooter, Roger

2014-03-01

Taking the neuro-turn is like becoming the victim of mind parasites. It's unwilled (although there are those who will it at a superficial level for various strategic reasons). You can't see mind parasites; they make you think things without allowing you to know why you think them. Indeed, they generate the cognitive inability to be other than delighted with the circumstances of your affected cognition. It's not as if you can take off your thinking cap and shoo the pests away. You can't see them--or even know that you could want to. You can't stand on the outside looking in at your cognitive processes. But historically speaking, you are also inside a (broadly postmodern) culture and (broadly neoliberal) socioeconomic order that places the legitimacy of the neuro beyond critique. And the neuro-turn does more: it delegitimizes critique itself, at least as we have known it since Marx. This essay briefly explores how we got here, what the "here" is, and what its implications are for historical critique.

Les origines de la critique de science-fiction : de Kepler à Wells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arthur B. Evans

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Des notes de 1634 de Johannes Kepler sur son Songe aux essais d’H. G. Wells au début du xxe siècle, il y a eu de nombreuses explorations critiques de la littérature que nous appelons à présent science-fiction. Les commentaires de ces premiers critiques (souvent oubliés importent principalement parce qu’ils exprimaient nombre des inquiétudes (sinon toutes qui deviendraient plus tard centrales à la critique de la SF du xxe siècle : l’impact de la science et de la technologie sur les valeurs humaines, la logistique du voyage spatial, les frontières fluctuantes entre le réel et l’imaginaire, la description de l’« altérité » radicale, et les futurs possibles de notre monde. Bien plus, elles soulevaient invariablement des questions essentielles concernant les traits définitoires du genre lui-même dans sa forme en constante évolution : ses thèmes de prédilection, ses visées sociales, son didactisme scientifique et moral, son degré de vraisemblance constitutif, et sa place dans le canon littéraire occidental. Enfin, à l’aube du nouveau millénaire, il semble pertinent de regarder notre passé lointain pour redécouvrir ce que ces premiers commentateurs avaient à dire des nombreux ouvrages de science-fiction de leur époque : ceci sert à approfondir notre connaissance de la continuité historique du débat actuel sur la SF et à nous faire prendre conscience de la façon dont les choses ont à la fois beaucoup et peu changé à travers les siècles.

The silencing of Kierkegaard in Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Karin

2009-01-01

The main purpose of this paper is to draw attention to an important part of Habermas' critique of genetic enhancement, which has been largely ignored in the discussion; namely his use of Kierkegaard's reflections on the existential conditions for becoming one-self from Either/or and The Sickness ...... enhancement in the context of a dispute between so-called ‘liberal' and ‘conservative' arguments, and finally, the third part discusses the limits and possibilities of his position in a future debate about genetic enhancement....

Critiquing Un/Critical Pedagogies to Move toward a Pedagogy of Responsibility in Teacher Education

Science.gov (United States)

Berchini, Christina N.

2017-01-01

Transformative work with teacher candidates relies on a critique of the tenets of Critical Pedagogy and subsequent Critical Whiteness Studies (CWS). I employ analyses of extant scholarship to argue that these specific domains, as popularly framed, might be responsible for uncritical examinations of the White teacher education students who…

Etude hyperfrequence et ultrasonore des supraconducteurs organiques kappa-(ET)(2)X (X = copper(thiocyanogen), copper[N(CN)(2)]bromine)

Science.gov (United States)

Frikach, Kamal

2001-09-01

Dans ce travail je presente une etude de l'impedance de surface, ainsi que de l'attenuation et la variation de la vitesse ultrasonores dans les etats normal et supraconducteur sur les composes organiques k-(ET)2X (X = Cu(SCN) 2, Cu[N(CN)2]Br). A partir des mesures d'impedance de surface, les deux composantes sigma 1 et sigma2 de la conductivite complexe sont extraites en utilisant le modele de Drude. Ces mesures montrent que la symetrie du parametre d'ordre dans ces composes est differente de celle du cas BCS. Afin de comprendre le profil de sigma1 (T) nous avons etudie les fluctuations supraconductrices a partir de la paraconductivite sigma'( T). Cette etude est rendue possible grace a la structure quasi-2D des composes k-(ET)2X dans lesquelles les fluctuations supraconductrices sont fortes. Ces dernieres sont observees sur deux decades de temperatures dans le Cu(SCN)2. L'application du modele de Aslamazov-Larkin 2D et 3D montre la possibilite du passage du regime 2D a haute temperature au regime 3D au voisinage de Tc. En se basant sur ce resultat, nous avons calcule la paraconductivite en utilisant une approche a l'ordre d'une boucle a partir du modele de Lawrence-Doniach. En tenant compte de la correction par la self energie dans la limite dynamique (17 GHz), l'ajustement de la paraconductivite calculee est en bon accord avec les donnees experimentales. Le couplage interplan obtenu est compatible avec le caractere quasi-2D des composes organiques. Le temps de relaxation des quasi-particules dans l'etat supraconducteur est ensuite extrait pour la premiere fois dans ces composes dont le comportement en fonction de la temperature est compatible avec la presence des noeuds dans le gap. Dans l'etat normal, la variation de la vitesse ultrasonore presente un comportement anormal caracterise par un fort ramollissement a T = 38 K et 50 K dans k-(ET) 2Cu(SCN)2 et k-(ET)2Cu[N(CN) 2]Br respectivement dont l'amplitude est independante du champ magnetique jusqu'a H = Hc 2

The study of neutron transport by oscillation method; Etude du transport des neutrons par la methode de modulation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raievski, V

1959-07-01

The oscillation method is of very general use for studying the behavior of thermal neutrons in media. The main experiments are described and a general theory of them is given. This theory, which is presented in the first part, is established using the two-group approximation which has proved its efficiency in the case of thermal neutron piles. The validity of the two-group approximation is recalled. This allows definition of the meaning of the parameters used in the theory and which are measured in these experiments. The experiments carried out by this method are described, especially those performed at the Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay where the method has been extensively used. These experiments are interpreted by means of the general theory given previously. In this way, the identity of parameters measured by this method and those given by the theory is proved. This is particularly conclusive is the case of the mean life of neutrons in a pile. (author) [French] La methode de modulation est un procede tres general d'etude des proprietes neutroniques des milieux contenant des neutrons thermiques. Le present rapport a pour but de decrire les principales de ces experiences et d'en donner une theorie generale. Cette theorie, exposee dans la premiere partie, est etablie dons le cadre de l'approximation a deux groupes de vitesse qui a prouve son efficacite dons le cas des piles a neutrons thermiques. Le domaine de validite de l'approximation a deux groupes est rappele au debut, ce qui permet de definir avec precision la signification des parametres qui entrent dons la theorie et qui font l'objet de ces mesures. La deuxieme partie decrit les experiences realisees, en particulier celles effectuees au Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay ou la methode a ete considerablement developpee. Ces experiences sont interpretees dans le cadre de la theorie generale exposee precedemment. On prouve ainsi l'identite des parametres mesures par cette methode et de ceux figurant

Kolb's Experiential Learning Model: Critique from a Modeling Perspective

Science.gov (United States)

Bergsteiner, Harald; Avery, Gayle C.; Neumann, Ruth

2010-01-01

Kolb's experiential learning theory has been widely influential in adult learning. The theory and associated instruments continue to be criticized, but rarely is the graphical model itself examined. This is significant because models can aid scientific understanding and progress, as well as theory development and research. Applying accepted…

Critique in action. To fight, to play, to break

OpenAIRE

Frère, Bruno

2011-01-01

Le communisme n'est plus, les grands mouvements critiques des années 70 auraient fait long feux et il n'y aurait plus d'espace aujourd'hui que pour l'adaptation au monde tel qu'il est. Les désaffiliés doivent être réinsérés, les migrants assimilés, les jeunes adaptés, les moins jeunes reformés. L'enjeu pour tout un chacun serait aujourd'hui d'augmenter son employabilité, d'assurer sa flexibilité et sa mobilité afin de s'assurer sinon un avenir, en tout cas un statuquo dans une société trans...

Heavy water reactors physics; Physique des reacteurs a eau lourde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Girard, Y; Lourme, P; Naudet, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

An important research programme on heavy water reactor physics has been carried out in France for quite a few years. The decision to build the EL 4 prototype and so to choose the heavy water gas cooled type has renewed the interest in this programme and at the same time given to it a more specific orientation A summary of the results gained in this field is presented in this paper. In the first part are described the experimental investigations, most of them were carried out in the criticality facility AQUILON II. The experiments are grouped in four parts - Systematic studies of lattices Buckling measurements. - Specific studies of gas-cooled lattices. - Fine structure, spectral indices measurements etc... - Measurements on lattices or samples containing Uranium of various enrichment or Plutonium. The second part is devoted to a summary of the theoretical studies. The whole results have allowed an improvement of the calculation methods, have led to a better understanding of the neutron balance in lattices, and have permitted the establishment of a set of formula to predict not only the clean fuel conditions but also the evolution of the nuclear properties with irradiation. Some specific studies on power reactor are quoted. (authors) [French] Un important programme d'etudes sur la physique des reacteurs a eau lourde est mene en France depuis assez longtemps. La decision de construire le prototype EL 4 et de s'engager ainsi dans la filiere des reacteurs a eau lourde refroidis par gaz a redonne un nouvel interet a ce programme et l'a en meme temps oriente dans une direction plus particuliere. La presente communication, rassemble les resultats des etudes faites dans ce domaine depuis la derniere conference de Geneve. Dans la premiere partie on decrit les etudes experimentales dont la plupart ont ete effectuees dans la pile d'experiences critiques Aquilon II. Les experiences sont groupees en quatre ensembles: etude systematique de reseaux (mesures de laplaciens) etudes

'In this Interregnum' : dialectical themes in the critique of criminal justice

OpenAIRE

Carvalho, Henrique; Norrie, Alan W.

2017-01-01

In this article, we offer a critical examination of the long and rich history of criminal justice scholarship in the pages of Social & Legal Studies. We do so by identifying and exploring a dialectical tension in such scholarship, between the recognition of the role of criminal justice as an instrument of violence, exclusion and control on the one hand, and the effort to seek, through or perhaps beyond the critique of criminal justice, an emancipatory project. We explore this tension by exami...

Developing a normative critique of international trade law: special & differential treatment

OpenAIRE

Garcia, Frank J.

2007-01-01

Although the problem of trade and inequality is central to the resolution of the WTO Doha Round and to contemporary trade policy in general, it is currently undertheorized from a normative perspective. In this paper I develop a normative critique of WTO special and differential treatment law, as a case study of how normative political theory can be applied to international economic law. Using Rawls' theory of Justice as Fairness, I argue both that special and differential treatment can play a...

Experimental study of an ion cyclotron instability in a magnetic well confined plasma; Etude experimentale d'une instabilite cyclotronique ionique dans un plasma confine dans un puits magnetique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brossier, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-Aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

This report is a contribution to the study of microinstabilities in macroscopically stable plasmas, in the low-{beta} limit. Ion cyclotron instabilities, with k{sub ||} = 0, have been numerically studied in detail; the computation of the density thresholds and growth rates of the different harmonics showed the relative role played by the following energy sources: density gradient, perpendicular distribution function and cold plasma component. This theoretical model has been compared with the results of a detailed study (density thresholds, wave structure, frequency spectrum, wavelengths, growth rate, amplitude of the electric field) of the instability observed in the DECA II device. This comparison gave a good agreement which shows the destabilising role played by the cold plasma component on a hot plasma with a loss cone distribution function. (author) [French] Ce rapport est une contribution a l'etude des microinstabilites dans les plasmas macroscopiquement stables, dans la limite des {beta} << 1. Les instabilites cyclotroniques ioniques, a k{sub ||} = 0, ont ete etudiees numeriquement en detail; le calcul des seuils de densite et taux de croissance des differents harmoniques a permis de preciser l'importance relative des facteurs destabilisants suivants: gradient de densite, fonction de distribution perpendiculaire, presence de plasma froid. Ce modele theorique a ete confronte avec les resultats d'une etude detaillee (seuils de densite, structure de l'onde, spectres de frequence, longueurs d'onde, taux de croissance, amplitude du champ electrique) de l'instabilite observee dans l'experience DECA II, Cette confrontation aboutit a un accord satisfaisant qui montre le role destabilisant joue par le plasma froid sur un plasma chaud presentant une distribution de cone de pertes. (auteur)

"Bildung" and the Historical and Genealogical Critique of Contemporary Culture: Wilhelm von Humboldt's Neo-Humanistic Theory of "Bildung" and Nietzsche's Critique of Neo-Humanistic Ideas in Classical Philology and Education

Science.gov (United States)

Zelic, Tomislav

2018-01-01

To answer the question as to the relation of the idea of "Bildung" and the historical and genealogical critique of contemporary culture, this article takes a detour through nineteenth-century German thought to recall the primary ideas, institutions, and processes such as the university, knowledge/scholarship ("Wissenschaft"),…

Elements of anti-Islam populism : Critiquing Geert Wilders' politics of offense with Marcuse and Adorno

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bot, Michiel

2017-01-01

The political performances of Dutch anti-Islam populist Geert Wilders revolve around a combination of giving and taking offense. In this article, I develop a critique of Wilders’ politics of offense by revisiting two classic texts of Frankfurt School critical theory that combine social theory with

Contribution to the study of hydrogenated and oxygenated impurities in liquid sodium; Contribution a l'etude des impuretees hydrogenees et oxygenees dans le sodium liquide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Naud, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-15

This study is made up essentially of two parts. The first is devoted to the development of dosage methods for selectively determining the oxygenated and hydrogenated impurities present in sodium, that is the oxide, the hydride and the hydroxide. The second makes use of these methods for a study of the Na-H{sub 2}-O{sub 2} system, as well as of the related problem of the attack of pyrex glass by molten sodium. The conventional method for dosing oxygen by amalgamation was first adapted to the simultaneous measurement of the hydride. We then developed a method for dosing the total hydrogen by measuring successively the concentrations of gas present in the hydride and hydroxide form. This method is based on the thermal decomposition of the hydride and the reaction between sodium and the hydroxide. Our contribution to the study of the Na-H{sub 2}-O{sub 2} System consists first of all in the study of the reaction between hydrogen and sodium in the temperature range from 150 to 250 deg C and at a pressure of about 150 mm of mercury. The study of the thermal decomposition of the hydride in sodium was then studied. It was possible to make some qualitative observations concerning the reaction between sodium and sodium hydroxide. Finally some complementary tests made it possible to define the nature of the phenomena occurring during the attack of pyrex glass by sodium. (author) [French] Cette etude comporte essentiellement deux parties. La premiere est consacree a la mise au point de methodes de dosages permettant de determiner selectivement les impuretes oxygenees et hydrogenees presentes dans le sodium, a savoir l'oxyde, l'hydrure et l'hydroxyde. La seconde met a profit ces methodes en vue de l'etude du systeme Na-H{sub 2}-O{sub 2}. ainsi que du phenomene connexe d'attaque du verre pyrex par le sodium fondu. La methode classique de dosage de l'oxygene par amalgamation a d'abord ete adaptee au dosage simultane de l'hydrure. Nous avons ensuite mis au point le dosage de l

Judith Butler and the Public Dimension of the Body: Education, Critique and Corporeal Vulnerability

Science.gov (United States)

Vlieghe, Joris

2010-01-01

In this paper I discuss some thoughts Judith Butler presents regarding corporeal vulnerability. This might help to elucidate the problem of whether critical education is still possible today. I first explain why precisely the possibility of critique within education is a problem for us today. This is because the traditional means of enhancing a…

Purchasing portfolio models: a critique and update

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gelderman, C.J.; Weele, van A.J.

2005-01-01

Purchasing portfolio models have spawned considerable discussion in the literature. Many advantages and disadvantages have been put forward, revealing considerable divergence in opinion on the merits of portfolio models. This study addresses the question of whether or not the use of purchasing

Boundedness beyond reification: cosmopolitan teacher education as critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Schumann

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Certain strands of cosmopolitanism have been criticized on various occasions for merely mirroring the mental framework of a global elite that stresses positive attitudes to mobility, flexibility, and disinterested objective detachment to the detriment of ‘rooted’, local and national values. In this way, it is argued, it presents a one-sided opportunistic or naively affirmative picture of processes of globalization rather than taking seriously the challenges posed by the inherently normative dimension of cosmopolitan thought and practice. The present paper will argue for a return to the critical core of the cosmopolitan idea and proposes that the critique of reification, which recently received renewed interest by philosophers of the so-called third generation Frankfurt School, can serve as a vital tool for re-imagining cosmopolitan teacher education as critique. In particular, the discussion around the recent turn towards a standards and competencies oriented teacher education in Germany will be critically examined in this regard. Rather than presenting a mere factual description of our thinking, judgments and actions, a cosmopolitan orientation should be concerned with reminding us of the importance of a continuous critical challenge of their validity. Firstly, the concept of reification will be shown to provide the conceptual resources to describe and select relevant characteristics of contemporary social pathologies that cannot be adequately captured within liberal social philosophies. A closer analysis of reification as a deficient relation to oneself, to others, or to the world will then lead to the second question of how to conceive of non-reifying forms of relatedness, commitment and boundedness as enabling new forms of expressive freedom. Instead of one-sided, narrow and hasty reactions towards a perceived ‘global challenge’—either fetishizing borders or their transgression, an critical educational cosmopolitanism should bring

A review of micro-wave techniques in plasma studies; Survol des techniques micro-ondes pour l'etude des plasmas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Consoli, T [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The problem of the application of micro-wave techniques to the study of plasma properties is considered in this report. In section I, the author summarizes a few fundamental laws concerning the theory of waves in an ionised medium as well as measurable effects of transverse and longitudinal propagation. Section II is a rapid review of the experimental methods and of the various measurements which may be effected in very high frequency plasmas. Only recent experimental work carried out since the last U. R.S.I. Assembly is considered. Section III is devoted to micro-wave techniques developed during this period in the laboratories of the Applied Physics Service. These techniques deal with longitudinal propagation and in particular with the propagation along a right mode. Section IV is a general view of similar studies undertaken in European Research Centres working on plasma physics or controlled fusion. Section V is a contribution concerning three particular topics from the Juelich and Max Planck Institute laboratories. (author) [French] On etudie dans ce rapport le probleme de l'application des techniques micro-ondes a l'etude des proprietes d'un plasma. Dans la section I, l'auteur rappelle rapidement quelques lois fondamentales de la theorie des ondes dans un milieu ionise ainsi que les effets mesurables en propagation transversale et longitudinale. La section II est une revue rapide des methodes experimentales et des diverses mesures qui peuvent etre faites dans les plasmas aux tres hautes frequences. On ne considere seulement que les etudes experimentales recentes depuis la derniere assemblee de l'U.R.S.I. La section III est consacree aux techniques hyperfrequences developpees durant la meme periode dans les laboratoires des Services de Physique Appliquee. Ces techniques se rapportent a la propagation longitudinale et particulierement a la propagation suivant le mode droit. La section IV est un panorama de travaux similaires entrepris dans les centres europeens

Experimental transmission electron microscopy studies and phenomenological model of bismuth-based superconducting compounds; Etudes experimentales par microscopie electronique en transmission et modele phenomenologique des composes supraconducteurs a base de bismuth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elboussiri, Khalid

1991-09-26

The main part of this thesis is devoted to an experimental study by transmission electron microscopy of the different phases of the superconducting bismuth cuprates Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub 2n+4}. In high resolution electron microscopy, the two types of incommensurate modulation realized in these compounds have been observed. A model of structure has been proposed from which the simulated images obtained are consistent with observations. The medium resolution images correlated with the electron diffraction data have revealed existence of a multi-soliton regime with latent lock in phases of commensurate periods between 4b and 10b. At last, a description of different phases of these compounds as a result of superstructures from a disordered perovskite type structure is proposed (author) [French] Le travail presente dans cette these consiste en une etude experimentale essentiellement par microscopie electronique en transmission des differentes phases supraconductrices presentes dans les composes appartenant a la famille des cuprates de bismuth Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub n-1}Cu{sub n}O{sub 2n+4}. Les obsevations de microscopie electronique a haute resolution ont permis de mettre en evidence les differentes modulations incommensurables realisees dans ces composes. Un modele de structure est propose et a permis d'obtenir des images simulees compatibles avec les observations. D'autre part, les observations de microscopie electronique en moyenne resolution sur ces composes, combinees avec les resultats de diffraction electronique, ont montre l'existence d'un regime multisoliton associe a des phases de Lock-in latentes de parametres compris entre 4b et 10b. Enfin, une description des differentes phases de ces composes en terme de surstructures derivees de structure perovskite desordonnee est exposee. (auteur)

Critique of the Reggeized deck model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Berger, E.L.

1975-01-01

A detailed analysis is presented of the Reggeized pion exchange Deck model for processes of the type ap → A*N → (a*π)N, where a = π, K, or nucleon and a* = rho, K*, N or Δ. Predictions of the model for both production and decay properties of the low mass system A* → (a*π) are derived and contrasted with data. Diffractive as well as charge exchange reactions are treated. The role of pion exchange in generating (a*π) enhancements near threshold and their properties is examined from several points of view. Characteristic exchange effects and quantum number properties (e.g., cross-overs) of the pion exchange Deck graph are shown to be verified in the data, but this graph alone is inadequate. The failures all point to the need for a second graph, having a* exchange properties. The contribution of a* exchange is roughly equal to that of the π exchange graph. (U.S.)

Compulsory creativity – a critique of cognitive capitalism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Larsen, Steen Nepper

2014-01-01

Contemporary capitalism can be labelled cognitive capitalism. In this dynamic, demanding and extremely transformative mode of production, knowledge becomes a strategic force of production and an important commodity, while concepts and ideas become items. This article sheds light on some...... of the implications of the emergence of a cognitive capitalism. In response to modern oxymorons, such as compulsory creativity and mandatory originality, this article offers various attempts to interpret and criticise how human inventiveness and a whole range of externalities get attuned to economic and market...... strategies, depriving them their natural, social and individual qualities. The aim of this article is to renew and sharpen a critique of the new type of capitalism and to foster some normative bricks that might be able to inspire alternative ways of thinking and living. Keywords: Cognitive capitalism...

Nietzsche : les Lumières et la cruauté. De l’interprétation de Nietzsche par la Théorie critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Agnès Gayraud

2010-09-01

Full Text Available En 1983, dans Le Discours philosophique de la modernité, la critique habermassienne de l’irrationalisme et du poststructuralisme fait basculer sans équivoque l’auteur de La Volonté de puissance dans le camp des ennemis de la Théorie critique. Toutefois, à la faveur peut-être d’une lecture qui se voulait celle de happy few, les fondateurs de la Théorie critique, Max Horkheimer et Theodor W. Adorno, n’avaient jusque-là pas fait de Friedrich Nietzsche une figure aussi menaçante. Lors d’un entretien radiophonique consacré au philosophe, enregistré à Francfort-sur-le-Main le 31 juillet 1950 en célébration du cinquantième anniversaire de sa mort, ils dénoncèrent l’« horrible mécompréhension » dont Nietzsche avait surtout fait l’objet. Par leur attention à l’ironie de Nietzsche, à la négativité de son discours, ils avaient toujours décelé dans sa pensée de la cruauté le nerf d’une pensée des Lumières telle qu’elle devait être encore affirmée au xxe siècle. Aurait-il existé une alliance paradoxale de la Théorie critique avec le théoricien du Surhomme et de l’Éternel retour, avant qu’avec Habermas la guerre ne lui soit déclarée, ainsi qu’à ses héritiers ? L’article tente de faire apparaître comment, avant cette guerre – et n’en déplaise également aux ennemis nietzschéens de la dialectique –, existait entre Nietzsche et la Théorie critique plus et mieux qu’un statu quo.

Aspects of the magnetism of ferrous chloride; Aspects du magnetisme du chlorure ferreux

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carrara, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-03-01

This work is a critical review of the existing work on ferrous chloride and presents, as well, a number of new experimental results. First, a careful analysis of the level structure of ferrous ions in the crystalline field shows that the crystalline anisotropy is of the same order of magnitude as the exchange interactions, a feature which gives rise to some particular effects, such as an upward curvature of the magnetization curve at 0 K in a perpendicular magnetic field. Further, the very low temperature (T > 0.4 K) thermal variation of both the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility evidences a magnetic component in elementary excitations. This result suggests the presence of a large magneto-elastic coupling. Finally, an experimental study of the H-T phase diagram near T{sub N} and of the critical behaviour of the specific heat and parallel susceptibility was performed. (author) [French] Ce travail constitue une analyse critique des resultats obtenus a ce jour sur le chlorure ferreux et comporte en outre quelques resultats experimentaux nouveaux. Tout d'abord, une etude precise de la structure de niveaux de l'ion ferreux dans le champ cristallin montre que l'anisotropie cristalline est comparable aux interactions d'echange, ce qui produit quelques effets originaux tels que, par exemple, l'inflexion de la courbe d'aimantation a 0 K en champ perpendiculaire. D'autre part, la variation thermique a basse temperature (T > 0.4 K) de la chaleur specifique et de la susceptibilite magnetique montre la presence d'une composante magnetique dans les excitations de basse energie. Ce resultat suggere la presence d'un couplage magneto-elastique. Enfin, nous avons realise une etude experimentale de la ligne de transition de phase (diagramme H,T) au voisinage de T{sub N}, et du comportement critique de la chaleur specifique et de la susceptibilite parallele. (auteur)

Beyond Content, Deeper than Delivery: What Critique Feedback Reveals about Communication Expectations in Design Education

Science.gov (United States)

Dannels, Deanna; Gaffney, Amy Housley; Martin, Kelly Norris

2008-01-01

In design education, the critique is a communication event in which students present their design and critics provide feedback. Presumably, the feedback gives the students information about their progress on the design. Yet critic feedback also serves a socializing function--providing students information about what it means to communicate well in…

Critique: Can Children with AD/HD Learn Relaxation and Breathing Techniques through Biofeedback Video Games?

Science.gov (United States)

Wright, Craig; Conlon, Elizabeth

2009-01-01

This article presents a critique on K. Amon and A. Campbell's "Can children with AD/HD learn relaxation and breathing techniques through biofeedback video games?". Amon and Campbell reported a successful trial of a commercially available biofeedback program, "The Wild Divine", in reducing symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)…

A Consumer Protection Model for Regulating Lawyers.

Science.gov (United States)

Chalfie, Deborah M.

1992-01-01

Describes and critiques the "discipline model" of lawyer regulation from a consumer point of view and outlines an alternative model for regulating lawyers that is grounded in consumer protection principles. (JOW)

Écriture (auto)biographique dans l'Examen critique d'Alexandre de Humboldt

OpenAIRE

Julian Drews

2016-01-01

Zusammenfassung Der Bezug auf Kolumbus ist ein Gemeinplatz der Humboldtbiographik. Humboldt selbst betont ihn besonders in seinem Examen critique, wo er eine autobiographische Dimension gewinnt. Der Beitrag geht aus literaturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive dem Material und den Formen der Inszenierung nach, mit denen ein Leben über ein anderes dargestellt wird.  Résumé La référence à Colomb est un lieu commun de la biographie humboldtienne. Humboldt lui-même le souligne particulière...

Wittgenstein’s Critique of Frazer and Realism/Anti-realism Concerning Religion

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schaffalitzky de Muckadell, Caroline

2016-01-01

This article addresses the impact the reception of Wittgenstein’s works has had on philosophy of religion and the study of religion. Wittgenstein’s critique of Frazer has inspired the current fundamental dichotomy between two views on religious belief: a cognitivist, realist interpretation...... and an expressivist, anti-realist interpretation. Wittgenstein’s account provides an interpretation of religious language that makes sense of existential and non-literal meaning of religious practices and cognitive content, and his account has become a stepping stone for a tradition in philosophy of religion...

Study and installation of concrete shielding in the civil engineering of nuclear construction (1960); Etude et mise en place des betons de protection dans le genie civil des ouvrages nucleaires (1960)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dubois, F [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

The object of this report is to give technical information about high density concretes which have become very important for radiation biological shielding. The most generally used heavy aggregates (barytes, ilmenite, ferrophosphorus, limonite, magnetite and iron punching) to make these concretes are investigated from the point of view prospecting and physical and chemical characteristics. At first, a general survey of shielding concretes is made involving the study of components, mixing and placing methods, then, a detailed investigation of some high density concretes: barytes concrete, with incorporation of iron punching or iron shot, ferrophosphorus concrete, ilmenite concrete and magnetite concrete, more particularly with regard to grading and mix proportions and testing process. To put this survey in concrete form, two practical designs are described such as they have been carried out at the Saclay Nuclear Station. Specifications are given for diverse concretes and for making the proton-synchrotron 'Saturne' shielding blocks. (author) [French] Ce rapport a pour objet de donner des precisions techniques au sujet des betons a haute densite qui ont pris une grande importance pour la protection biologique contre les rayonnements. Les agregats lourds les plus couramment utilises (barytine, ilmenite, ferrophosphore, limonite, magnetite et riblons) pour la fabrication de ces betons, sont examines du point de vue prospection et caracteristiques physiques et chimiques. On procede d'abord a une etude generale des betons de protection comprenant l'etude des constituants, de la confection et de la mise en place, ensuite, a un examen detaille de quelques betons a haute densite: betons a base de barytine, avec incorporation de riblons ou de grenaille de fonte, betons au ferrophosphore, a base d'ilmenite ou de magnetite, notamment en ce qui concerne la granulometrie, la composition, le dosage et les processus d'essais. Pour concretiser ces etudes, deux applications pratiques

Critiquing Research Methodology: Comments on Broader Concerns about Complex Statistical Studies. A Response to Ross

Science.gov (United States)

Stapleton, Paul

2006-01-01

Steven Ross's (2005) recent paper empirically measuring the efficacy of formative assessment compared to the summative variety found that the former produced positive effects on some aspects of language learning. In this critique, it is contended that Ross's study is flawed because his two groups of learners, one receiving summative assessment and…

Syracuse/NASA program: A historical critique: Multidisciplinary studies in management and development programs in the public sector

Science.gov (United States)

Barzelay, M. E.

1974-01-01

A historical critique is presented of the Syracuse/NASA program on management and development programs. Brief summaries are included of each of the major projects undertaken, including identification of the principal investigators and the university departments and disciplines involved.

WHY WORK? A CULTURALLY INFORMED CRITIQUE OF PAST AND PRESENT SHOP FLOOR INTERPRETATIONS OF WORK

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MIHAELA KELEMEN

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This paper provides a cultural critique of the meanings of work as theytranscend different modes of production. Twenty years on from the collapse of state socialism,Western experts are still called upon to prescribe ‘the best way’ for how productive workshould be conducted/managed across the non-Western world (Jankowicz, 1993; 1994; Kostera,1995, Kelemen, 1999. This ‘one best way’ usually assumes that the basic unit of analysis is therational, utility-maximising individual; a species, bred inside Westernized secondary andtertiary educational institutions, business schools, or (vocational training courses, all of theseproducing their special form of ‘learning to labour’ (Willis, 1977. Thus equipped, this species– what we might call, for the time being, the ‘model-worker’ - is bound to inhabit a ratherinhabitable place, an arena of in increasingly global capitalism: the market.

MARTIN HEIDEGGER’S BLACK NOTEBOOKS AND POLITICAL ECONOMY OF CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHICAL CRITIQUE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. O. Karpenko

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the study is to determine the key strategies of philosophical criticism of Heidegger’s Black Notebooks, whose achievement is realized in the following tasks: 1 to identify the body of texts that represent the discourse of philosophical criticism of Heidegger notes; 2 to reveal the typological features of the different strategies of interpreting Black Notebooks; 3 to reconstruct a thematic horizon of Heidegger studies, opened up by discussion on published notes. The methodology combines elements of discourse analysis with traditional methods of historical and philosophical criticism. Scientific novelty is expressed in the following: 1 philosophical discourse of the Notebooks’ reception includes texts of narrowly specialized character (Gatherings collection of articles, as well as reflections of key philosophers (A. Badiou, J.-L. Nancy 2 basic strategies in philosophical critique of Black Notebooks convey the overall structure of the discourse of interpretation of Heidegger’s legacy, distributed between apologetics and ideological criticism; 3 Black Notebooks have exacerbated the problem of architectonics of Gesammtausgabe and formed the textual basis for the study of "silence" period in philosophical life of Heidegger. Conclusions. The discourse of philosophical critique of Heidegger’s notes proves evidence for ideological charge of philosophizing and justifies socially oriented approaches of historical and philosophical studies examining philosophizing as a special cultural practice, not as a form of sublime creativity.

The precarity of critique: Cultures of mistrust and the refusal of justification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Witte Daniel

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The paper reflects on recent developments towards authoritarianism and right-wing populism that have become apparent in a number of Western societies and aims at pinpointing possible cultural foundations for this trend. Using the example of the German PEGIDA movement and the wider milieu in which it is embedded, it identifies and describes a rapidly spreading culture of mistrust and discusses some of its political and epistemological implications. In a second step, the paper draws on Luc Boltanski’s theory of justification in order to attain a better understanding of this political movement’s specificities. It is argued that it is a quasi-violent refusal of justification which is constitutive for the movement in question, thereby transcending the reach of Boltanski’s framework to some extent. In a third step, a closer look is taken at the epistemological paradox that results from the fact that a number of the PEGIDA movement’s crucial points of criticism are effectively shared by a larger part of the overall population, raising severe problems for the question of sociological critique. The paper utilizes ideas by Bruno Latour in order to illuminate this paradox further and examine its consequences. It closes with remarks on the possibility to “reassemble” trust and critique as crucial but contested - and, hence, precarious - foundations of modern society.

Medical approaches to suffering are limited, so why critique Improving Access to Psychological Therapies from the same ideology.

Science.gov (United States)

Binnie, James

2018-04-01

Although the article by Scott rightly questions the dynamics of the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies system and re-examines the recovery rates, finding quite shocking results, his recommendations are ultimately flawed. There is a strong critique of the diagnostic procedures in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services, but the answer is not to diagnose more rigorously and to adhere more strictly to a manualised approach to psychotherapy. The opposite may be required. Alternatives to the medical model of distress offer a less stigmatising and more human approach to helping people with their problems. Perhaps psychological therapists and the people they work alongside would be better served by a psychological approach rather than a psychiatric one.

Preliminary study of the preparation of uranium 232 by irradiation of protactinium 231; Etude preliminaire a la preparation d'uranium 232 par irradiation de protactinium 231

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guillot, Ph. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay aux Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

A bibliography about preparation of uranium 232 is done. This even-even isotope of uranium is suitable for radioactive tracer, neutron source through {alpha},n reaction and heat source applications. The irradiation of protactinium 231, the chemical separation and the purification of uranium are studied. (author) [French] Une etude bibliographique de la preparation d'uranium 232 a ete effectuee. Cet isotope pair-pair de l'uranium peut etre utilise en tant que traceur, source d'energie et source de neutrons, lorsqu'il est melange a un element leger tel le beryllium. Une etude du taux de formation des isotopes produits, lors de l'irradiation du protactinium 231 - une des manieres d'obtenir l'uranium 232 - a ete faite a l'aide d'un programme passe sur ordinateur. Les problemes poses par la separation chimique et la purification de l'uranium ont ete egalement envisages dans ce rapport. (auteur)

Some Notes and Critiques of Selected Lexicographic Texts in Bikol

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Louward Allen Zubiri

2014-12-01

Full Text Available This study revolves around notes and critiques of Bikol lexicography. Based on a selection of six dictionaries, the structure and diachronic development of Bikol lexicography were analyzed. Half of the selected dictionaries were authored in full or part by Malcolm Mintz, a renowned Bikol expert. These enabled a linear analysis of changes in lexicography that have occurred within the span of four decades. The dictionaries studied include the earliest and most influential Bikol dictionary of Lisboa (1865. The study presents a preliminary description of lexicographic work done in Bikol and traces the shift in the paradigm of dictionary making from the Spanish era to the present.

Managing for wilderness experiences in the 21st Century: Responding to the recent wilderness critique

Science.gov (United States)

Joseph W. Roggenbuck

2012-01-01

This essay describes five major critiques of the wilderness idea and how wilderness managers might shape experience opportunities in wilderness in response. These challenges include the notions that the wilderness idea separates people from nature, that it denies the human story in "pristine" lands, that it privileges a kind of recreation favored by elites...

The ultrasonic copper and brass decontamination study; Etude de la decontamination du cuivre et des laitons en presence d'ultra-sons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtault, J; Kerdelleau, J de; Mestre, E [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

The use of ultra-sounds as a decontamination technic does not bring an absolute solution. As a function of the materials it seemed necessary to find what was the optimum conditions for using the ultra-sounds and to define not only the ultra-sonic factors but also the chemical solutions which bring some appreciable decontamination factors without bringing any too important corrosion processus. This report gives the results of this study applied to copper and brass. This study allowed to select some effective treatment baths on the two types of contamination: plutonium and fission products. (authors) [French] L'emploi des ultra-sons comme technique de decontamination n'amene pas une solution absolue. Il est apparu necessaire de rechercher en fonction de la nature du materiau a decontaminer quelles etaient les conditions optimales d'utilisation des ultra-sons et de definir alors non seulement les facteurs ultrasoniques mais encore les solutions chimiques qui apportent des facteurs de decontamination appreciables sans amener des phenomenes de corrosion trop importants. Ce rapport donne les resultats de cette etude appliquee au cuivre et aux laitons. Cette etude a permis de selectionner des bains de traitement efficaces dans les deux cas de contamination: plutonium et produits de fission. (auteurs)

May the blessed man win: a critique of the categorical preference for natural talent over doping as proper origins of athletic ability.

Science.gov (United States)

Bonte, Pieter; Sterckx, Sigrid; Pennings, Guido

2014-08-01

Doping scandals can reveal unresolved tensions between the meritocratic values of equal opportunity + reward for effort and the "talentocratic" love of hereditary privilege. Whence this special reverence for talent? We analyze the following arguments: (1) talent is a unique indicator of greater potential, whereas doping enables only temporary boosts (the fluke critique); (2) developing a talent is an authentic endeavor of "becoming who you are," whereas reforming the fundamentals of your birth suit via artifice is an act of alienation (the phony critique); (3) your (lack of) talent informs you of your proper place and purpose in life, whereas doping frustrates such an amor fati self-understanding (the fateless critique). We conclude that these arguments fail to justify a categorical preference for natural talent over integrated artifice. Instead, they illustrate the extent to which unsavory beliefs about "nature's aristocracy" may still be at play in the moral theatre of sports. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Journal of Medicine and Philosophy Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Knowledge-based critiquing of graphical user interfaces with CHIMES

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Jianping; Murphy, Elizabeth D.; Carter, Leslie E.; Truszkowski, Walter F.

1994-01-01

CHIMES is a critiquing tool that automates the process of checking graphical user interface (GUI) designs for compliance with human factors design guidelines and toolkit style guides. The current prototype identifies instances of non-compliance and presents problem statements, advice, and tips to the GUI designer. Changes requested by the designer are made automatically, and the revised GUI is re-evaluated. A case study conducted at NASA-Goddard showed that CHIMES has the potential for dramatically reducing the time formerly spent in hands-on consistency checking. Capabilities recently added to CHIMES include exception handling and rule building. CHIMES is intended for use prior to usability testing as a means, for example, of catching and correcting syntactic inconsistencies in a larger user interface.

Study of thermocouples for control of high temperatures; Etude de thermocouples pour le reperage des hautes temperatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villamayor, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Faculte des Sciences de l' Universite de Lyon - 69 (France)

1967-07-01

Previous works have shown that the tungsten-rhenium alloys thermocouples were a good instrument for control of high temperatures. From its, the author has studied the W/W 26 per cent and W 5 per cent Re/W 26 per cent Re french manufactured thermocouples and intended for control of temperatures in nuclear reactors until 2300 deg. C. In 'out-pile' study he determines the general characteristics of these thermocouples: average calibration curves, thermal shocks influence, response times, and alloys allowing the cold source compensation. The evolution of these thermocouples under thermal neutron flux has been determined by 'in-pile' study. The observations have led the author to propose a new type of thermocouples settled of molybdenum-columbium alloys. (author) [French] Des travaux anterieurs ont montre que les thermocouples des alliages tungstene-rhenium etaient susceptibles de reperer avec precision des hautes temperatures. A partir de la, l'auteur a etudie las thermocouples W/W 26 pour cent Re et W 5 pour cent Re/W 26 pour cent Re de fabrication francaise et destines au controle des temperatures dans les reacteurs nucleaires, jusqu'a 2300 deg. C Dans l'etude 'hors-pile' il a determine les caracteristiques generales de ces thermocouples: courbes d'etalonnage moyen, influence des chocs thermiques, temps de reponse, et alliages assurant la compensation de soudure froide. L'etude 'en-pile' a permis de rendre compte de l'evolution de ces thermocouples sous flux neutroniques. Les phenomenes observes ont conduit l'auteur a proposer un nouveau type de thermocouples constitues d'alliages molybdene-niobium. (auteur)

Decision and intuition during organizational change : an evolutionary critique of dual process theory

OpenAIRE

Talat, U; Chang, K; Nguyen, B

2017-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to review intuition in the context of organizational change. We argue that intuition as a concept requires attention and its formulation is necessary prior to its application in organizations. The paper provides a critique of Dual Process Theory and highlights shortcomings in organization theorizing of intuition.\\ud Design/methodology/approach: The paper is conceptual and provides in-depth theoretical discussions by drawing from the literature on decision...

Study of {gamma}'s in Naiade; Etude des gamma de Naiade

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Millot, J P; Rastoin, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1958-07-01

Following a study of the gamma sources, the flux of gamma of different energies in the swimming pool is investigated. The biological dose can thus be obtained by calculation, and compared with the results given by photographic plates. The influence of photoneutrons is estimated by calculation, and research is being carried out on their influence on the thermal neutron flux curve on the axis of the uranium plate, with the plate emitting neutrons and with the plate protected by boral. (author) [French] Apres l'etude des sources de gamma, l'on etudie le flux de gamma de differentes energies dans la piscine. La dose biologique peut etre obtenue ainsi par le calcul et comparee avec les resultats donnes par les plaques photographiques. L'influence des photoneutrons est estimee par le calcul et l'on recherche leur influence sur la courbe de flux de neutrons thermiques sur l'axe de la plaque d'uranium, la plaque emettant des neutrons et la plaque protegee par du boral. (auteur)

A crystallographic and spectroscopic study of crystal sites in the 'spinel' structure; Etude cristallographique et spectroscopique des sites cristallins dans la structure 'spinelle'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drifford, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-06-15

A crystallographic study on magnesium aluminates led to the determination of crystal site average distortion. A spectroscopic study of transition elements doped spinels gave the position of the doping element in tetrahedral (A) or octahedral (B) sites, and the local distortion of the latter. The comparison of average and local parameters points to differences in the behaviour of doping elements and shows the size of (A) sites are independent of the host crystal composition while the average size of (B) sites varies with the composition. (author) [French] Une etude cristallographique des aluminates de magnesium a permis de determiner la deformation moyenne des sites cristallins. Une etude spectroscopique des aluminates de magnesium dopes avec des elements de transition a permis de localiser les dopants entre les sites tetraedriques (A) et octaedriques (B) et d'etudier la deformation locale de ces sites. La comparaison entre les parametres moyens et locaux a caracterise le comportement du dopant et montre que les dimensions des sites (A) sont independantes de la composition de la matrice, alors que les caracteristiques geometriques moyennes des sites (B) varient continument avec la composition. (auteur)

Study of critical adsorption by neutron reflectivity; Etude de l`adsorption critique par reflexion de neutrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sibille, P

1998-02-26

The presence of an interface between the 2 phases of a binary mixing adds a new force to the interactions between molecules. The phase equilibrium near the interface is then modified, one phase whose molecules are repelled more strongly is desorbed, this phenomenon is called adsorption. Contrary to the optical techniques, the neutron reflectivity allows us to get the needed resolution to investigate this phenomenon. The Fisher and De Gennes model foresees a concentration profile decreasing following first a square root law then an exponential law. The purpose of this work is to check this law experimentally. A binary mixing of deuterated cyclohexane with methanol has been used. A preliminary result analysis shows a linear behaviour followed by an exponential decrease. The neutron reflectivity technique is presented and the difficulties raised by its setting are described. (A.C.) 56 refs.

Study of radio-active ions in the atmosphere; Etude des ions radioactifs de l'atmosphere

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Renoux, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-01-01

A comparative study is made of active, deposits of radon and thoron in suspension in the atmosphere by means of {alpha} radiation counting, using ZELENY tubes, scattering equipment, filter papers or membranes. It has been possible to show the existence of small and large ions which are negative and positive, as well as of neutral radio-active nuclei; their properties are studied. A theoretical interpretation of the results is presented. The average content of radon (using the Ra A concentration) and of Th B in the air has been determined. The radioactive equilibrium between radon and its daughter products in atmospheric air are examined. The techniques developed for active radon and thoron deposits are applied to the study of artificial radio-activity, the analyses being carried out by means of {gamma} spectrometry. (author) [French] On effectue une etude comparative entre les depots actifs du radon et du thoron en suspension dont l'atmosphere a l'aide de comptages de rayonnement {alpha}, en utilisant des tubes de ZELENY, une batterie de diffusion, des papiers filtres ou des membranes. On met ainsi en evidence la presence de petits et gros ions negatifs et positifs, ainsi que celle de noyaux neutres radioactifs, et on etudie leurs proprietes. Une Interpretation theorique des resultats obtenus est developpee. On determine la teneur moyenne de l'air en radon (a partir de la concentration en Ra A) et en Th B. L'equilibre radioactif entre le radon et ses descendants, dans l'air atmospherique, est examine. Les Techniques mises au point pour les depots actifs du radon et du thoron sont appliquees a l'etude de la radioactivite artificielle, les depouillements s'effectuant par spectrometrie {gamma}. (auteur)

Etude de la transition ferroelectrique-ferroelastique du KD2PO4 forme du front de phase en fonction du gradient thermique

OpenAIRE

Kvítek, Zdeněk

2010-01-01

Etude de la transition ferroelectrique-ferroelastique du KD2PO4 forme du front de phase en fonction du gradient thermique The thesis explores complex process of first order transition of KD2PO4 crystal from tetragonal phase to ferroelectric - ferroelastic orthorhombic phase and back at temperature 209 K. The experimental set up of nitrogeneous cryostat allowes temperature and temperature gradient variations during simultaneous three axes optical sample observations, dielectric measurements. T...

Study of a preamplifier for the detection of weak impulses of neutrons from a critical medium (Proserpine) (1960); Etude d'un preamplificateur pour la detection d'impulsions faibles de neutrons issues d'un milieu critique (proserpine) (1960)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agaisse, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

In a critical experiment the small detection instruments supply weak impulses, and these must be brought outside the pile for counting. The important parameter is the ratio of the signal to the background. For the preamplifier studied in this report the background, considered at the input, is 12 micro-volts; a factor 2 is thus gained with respect to ordinary preamplifiers. (author) [French] Dans une experience critique, les appareils de detection, de petite taille, fournissent des impulsions faibles. Elles doivent etre transportees en dehors de la pile pour y etre comptees. Le rapport du signal au bruit de fond est le parametre important. Pour le preamplificateur etudie dans ce rapport, le bruit, ramene a l'entree est de 12 microvolts, ce qui permet de gagner un facteur 2 par rapport aux preamplificateurs usuels. (auteur)

Baby fission chambers; Etude de chambres a fission miniatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guery, U; Tachon, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

The present report is intended, on the one band, as a study of the main types of fission chambers produced to date, and on the other, to deal more generally with this type of detector. Originally, it was with a view to the charting of neutron scatter in 'Proserpine' that the authors undertook the study of these chambers. During the course of the task, it was considered worth tbe trouble of developing its scope to include a more general application: neutron scatter measurement of various energy neutrons within a reduced volume with slight local disturbance. (author) [French] Le present rapport se propose, d'une part, d'exposer les principales realisations de chambres a fission, d'autre part de faire une mise au point a caractere plus general sur ces detecteurs. Au depart, c'est surtout en vue des mesures de densite neutronique dans 'Proserpine' que les auteurs ont etudie ces chambres; au cours de la mise au point, il a paru interessant de developper leur etude pour des applications plus generales: mesures de densites de neutrons de differentes energies dans un element de volume tres reduit et avec faible perturbation locale. (auteur)

Lost in transmission : a comprehensive critique of the BC energy plan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shaffer, M.; Hove, J.; Yamashita, J.

2007-06-01

This document presented an independent critique and review of the British Columbia (BC) 2007 energy plan. The critique focused on BC hydro-related policies in the energy plan, and was presented in three policy papers. The first paper addressed self-sufficiency and insurance issues. It examined the need for new sources of electricity supply in terms of imports and other market purchases that are currently used to meet BC Hydro's requirements. The second paper addressed BC Hydro electricity rates and the impacts and costs of buying high and selling low. It identified the impacts and costs of the low electricity rate policy in the energy plan, a policy that would inflate the demand for electricity and exaggerate the need for new sources of power caused by the self-sufficiency and insurance policies in the energy plan. Specifically, the second paper discussed BC Hydro rates under the energy plan, the limitations of power smart programs, distributional issues and alternative strategy. The third paper addressed supply issues in the energy plan, with particular reference to targeting low value/high cost resources. It focused on the types of resources BC Hydro had to acquire. It specifically addressed the pressure to acquire run-of-river and wind energy which, despite their superficial appeal, are low in value and high in cost, and could have significant environmental impact. It was concluded that despite the attempt to address environmental concerns, the province's energy plan is designed to artificially increase the market for new independent power producer supply. 76 refs., 9 tabs., 4 figs

Study of the {sup 14}C benzimidazole distribution in mice after inter-peritoneal injection; Etude de la repartition du benzimidazole {sup 14}C chez la souris apres injection intraperitoneale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tyortyalian, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-07-01

In order to provide further information on the mechanism of benzimidazole radioprotective activity, this work studies the tissual repartition in mice of this compound labelled with carbon 14. Experiments have showed that benzimidazole distribution is fast and homogeneous in all the tissues, but however affinity appears at the level of stomach and gastric content. Elimination is made through the urinary system and is very fast. (author) [French] Dans le cadre de l'etude du mecanisme de l'action radioprotectrice du benzimidazole, ce travail a pour objet l'etude de la repartition tissulaire chez la souris de ce compose marque au carbone 14. L'experimentation a montre que le benzimidazole se repartit tres rapidement et de facon pratiquement homogene dans tous les tissus, avec toutefois une affinite paraissant se manifester au niveau de l'estomac et du contenu gastrique. L'elimination, qui se fait par voie urinaire, est tres rapide. (auteur)

Development of a gas-ionization {beta}-spectrometer; Etude et realisation d'un spectrometre {beta} a ionisation gazeuse

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Du, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes

1968-05-15

We intend to develop in our laboratory a {beta}-spectrometer. This apparatus will have two main objectives: 1 - the determination of the nature and the degree of purity of certain {beta}-emitting radioactive substances; 2 - the study of an activity calibration process for {beta}-emitting radioactive sources. (author) [French] Nous nous proposons d'etudier et de realiser dans notre laboratoire un spectrometre {beta}. Cet appareil aura deux buts principaux: 1 - determiner la nature et le degre de purete de certains corps radioactifs emetteurs {beta}; 2 - permettre l'etude d'un procede d'etalonnage en activite de sources radioactives emetteurs {beta}. (auteur)

Social Diversity and Democracy in Higher Education in the 21st Century: Towards a Feminist Critique

Science.gov (United States)

David, Miriam E.

2009-01-01

This paper takes a feminist perspective on the UK literature on mass higher education in the 21st century, building on US critiques about marketization, neo-liberalism and "academic capitalism". Concepts of equality and diversity have been transformed by neo-liberalism and how these changes have constrained democratic contributions to UK…

Qualitative research and the politics of knowledge in an age of evidence: developing a research-based practice of immanent critique.

Science.gov (United States)

Mykhalovskiy, Eric; Armstrong, Pat; Armstrong, Hugh; Bourgeault, Ivy; Choiniere, Jackie; Lexchin, Joel; Peters, Suzanne; White, Jerry

2008-07-01

This paper offers an expository discussion of an approach to qualitative health research we call immanent critique. The central analytic move of immanent critique, as we have practiced it, is to explore how claims that are internal to authoritative discourse are experienced by those who have been excluded from their formulation. This paper contributes to the discussion of the politics of qualitative research methods in an age of evidence. We do so by responding to a recent call to move beyond the micro-politics of the qualitative research encounter to consider the overall political effects of qualitative research. We argue that the political effects of research are partly enabled by mundane practices internal to the research process. We explore how this is so by considering one formulation of immanent critique--a qualitative study of the introduction of continuous quality improvement in Ontario hospitals. We emphasize how practices internal to our research--trade union collaboration, our orientation to authoritative claims, and procedures for generating and representing health care workers' experiences--helped shape the political effects of our research. The latter include challenges to managerial claims about neo-liberal health reform and broadening the evidentiary terrain upon which interlocutors can participate in public debate about health care restructuring.

Rebuilding and Modeling of a Thermal Radiation Source

Science.gov (United States)

1994-08-01

Applications International Corporation (SAIW) when performing the acceptance tests on a four-nozzle TRS called "SATAN" for the Centre d’Etudes de Gramat (CEG) in... Gramat , France. The test, performed at SAIC Laguna Test Site, New Mexico, yielded acceptable results. When the TRS system was reassembled in Gramat ...Blast Simulation, The Hague, The Netherlands, September 1993. Mergnat, D. Conversation with author. Centre d!Etudes de Gramat , Gramat , France, 27

"Dirty little secret" or "Untidy quilt"? A critique of the strategic process literature

OpenAIRE

Laljani, Narendra

2005-01-01

This literature critique forms the starting point of a research project on the development of strategic capability within the context of the realities of the strategic process. We begin by addressing the definitions of strategic process and exploring its importance. We then examine the evolution of the domain, a selection of archetypes of the strategic process, as well as some “sense-making“ devices. The role of the strategist is discussed, and we also ask if strategy-making ca...

Experimental study of the hydrodynamic instabilities occurring in boiling-water reactors; Etude experimentale des instabilites hydrodynamiques survenant dans les reacteurs nucleaires a ebullition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fabreca, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-10-01

The subjects is an experimental out-of pile loop study of the hydrodynamic oscillations occurring in boiling-water reactors. The study was carried out at atmospheric pressure and at pressure of about 8 atmospheres, in channels heated electrically by a constant and uniform specified current. In the test at 8 atmospheres the channel was a round tube of approximately 6 mm interior diameter. At 1 atmosphere a ring-section channel was used, 10 * 20 mm in diameter, with an inner heating tube and an outer tube of pyrex. It was possible to operate with natural convection and also with forced convection with test-channel by-pass. The study consists of 3 parts: 1. Preliminary determination of the laws governing pressure-drop during boiling. 2. Determination of the fronts at which oscillation appears, within a wide range of the parameters involved. 3. A descriptive study of the oscillations and measurement of the periods. The report gives the oscillation fronts with natural and forced convection for various values of the singular pressure drop at the channel inlet and for various riser lengths. The results are presented in non-dimensional form, which is available, in first approximation, for all geometric scales and for all fluids. Besides the following points were observed: - the wall (nature and thickness) can be an important factor ; - oscillation can occur in a horizontal channel. (author) [French] II a ete effectue une etude experimentale, en boucle hors-pile, des oscillations hydrodynamiques survenant dans les reacteurs a ebullition. L'etude a ete effectuee a la pression atmospherique et a une pression voisine de 8 atmospheres dans des canaux chauffes electriquement a puissance imposee constante et uniforme. Dans les essais a 8 atmospheres le canal etait un tube circulaire de diametre interieur 6 mm environ. A 1 atmosphere le canal etait de section annulaire 10 * 20 mm avec un tube interieur chauffant et un tube exterieur en pyrex. Le fonctionnement etait possible en

Etudes optiques de nouveaux materiaux laser: Des orthosilicates dopes a l'ytterbium: Le yttrium (lutetium,scandium) pentoxide de silicium

Science.gov (United States)

Denoyer, Aurelie

La decouverte et l'elaboration de nouveaux materiaux laser solides suscitent beaucoup d'interet parmi la communaute scientifique. En particulier les lasers dans la gamme de frequence du micron debouchent sur beaucoup d'applications, en telecommunication, en medecine, dans le domaine militaire, pour la, decoupe des metaux (lasers de puissance), en optique non lineaire (doublage de frequence, bistabilite optique). Le plus couramment utilise actuellement est le Nd:YAG dans cette famille de laser, mais des remplacants plus performants sont toujours recherches. Les lasers a base d'Yb3+ possedent beaucoup d'avantages compares aux lasers Nd3+ du fait de leur structure electronique simple et de leur deterioration moins rapide. Parmi les matrices cristallines pouvant accueillir l'ytterbium, les orthosilicates Yb:Y 2SiO5, Yb:Lu2SiO5 et Yb:Sc2SiO 5 se positionnent tres bien, du fait de leur bonne conductivite thermique et du fort eclatement de leur champ cristallin necessaire a l'elaboration de lasers quasi-3 niveaux. De plus l'etude fine et systematique des proprietes microscopiques de nouveaux materiaux s'avere toujours tres interessante du point de vue de la recherche fondamentale, c'est ainsi que de nouveaux modeles sont concus (par exemple pour le champ cristallin) ou que de nouvelles proprietes inhabituelles sont decouvertes, menant a de nouvelles applications. Ainsi d'autres materiaux dopes a l'ytterbium sont connus pour leurs proprietes de couplage electron-phonon, de couplage magnetique, d'emission cooperative ou encore de bistabilite optique, mais ces proprietes n'ont encore jamais ete mises en evidence dans Yb:Y 2SiO5, Yb:Lu2SiO5 et Yb:Sc2SiO 5. Ainsi, cette these a pour but l'etude des proprietes optiques et des interactions microscopiques dans Yb:Y2SiO 5, Yb:Lu2SiO5 et Yb:Sc2SiO5. Nous utilisons principalement les techniques d'absorption IR et de spectroscopie Raman pour determiner les excitations du champ cristallin et les modes de vibration dans le materiau

الأسس النظرية لنقد النقد Theoretical foundations to critique criticism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rasheed Haroon رشيد هارون

2012-06-01

features and reveals factors appearances and incentives "(. This means that the status of criticism Monetary still need the efforts of scholars to Taeselha, projecting on a solid scientific basis. And there are those who go to the "writings in the areas of cash cash on plentiful and diverse, has remained until now orbiting literary criticism, and respond to allegations of theoretical and applied, and did not play, making them the theory of independent literary criticism and in spite of the The presence of a large number of studies and articles that have exercised criticism cash and put the term (Cash Money in Anoanadtha, or referred to in the content "(by. And of those books and studies include: (critique and critics Contemporaries (. (Mohamed Mandour Arabian Monetary and laparoscopy (. (Monetary criticism, novel learning (a. (Contribution in literary criticism (. (Arabian Monetary problematic new (. (critique criticism and contemporary Arabian Monetary arthroscopy (. (New Arab literary criticism in the story and the novel and narrative (. (Mirror المتخالف, cash approaches in contemporary Arab thought (. (Analysis of literary discourse on (sic light modernist critique criticism, study in the criticism of criticism (. (Technical standards in the criticism of modern criticism (. (critique criticism in the Arab heritage book ideals stepper in literature writer and poet model (. And university theses and dissertations that addressed the subject of critique criticism recall: (Abdul-Jabbar Abbas as critic (. (Stubbornness Ghazwan as critic (. (Jalal Khayat as critic (. (Fadhil Thamer ascritic (a. (The language of modern criticism in Iraq, the second half of the twentieth century (.

Power Reactor Design at Zero Power; Etudes de Reacteurs de Puissance, au Moyen de Machines de Puissance Zero; Konstruktsiya ehnergeticheskogo reaktora nulevoj moshchnosti; Diseno de Reactores Generadores con Ayuda de Reactores de Potencia Nula

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Redman, W. C.; Plumlee, K. E.; Baird, Q. L. [Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL (United States)

1964-02-15

reliance placed in the past on exponential and critical systems for fulfilling Argonne's responsibilities in reactor development. An indication of their future role is provided by a brief summary of the current and planned programmes for the existing members of, and anticipated additions to, Argonne's family of operating zero-power reactors. (author) [French] Avec le reacteur de puissance zero du Laboratoire national d'Argonne, on a procede a des etudes de reacteurs tres divers; reacteurs de recherche, generatrices nucleaires, reacteurs pour la propulsion, pour la production de radioisotopes et reacteurs experimentaux; les ensembles associes - exponentiels et critiques non empoisonnes - ont fourni les donnees debase. Afin de rendre compte d'experiences recentes et de montrer quelle masse de renseignements sur la physique des reacteurs on peut obtenir avec des systemes a bas flux, les auteurs exposent les programmes experimentaux ci-apres: 1. Etude des proprietes des elements combustibles en oxydes d'uranium et de thorium, immerges dans l'eau lourde, en s'attachant particulierement aux donnees necessaires pour l'etude d'un deuxieme coeur pour le reacteur experimental a eau bouillante du Laboratoire d'Argonne; 2. Maquette d'un reacteur de recherche a haut flux, qui permettra de verifier les calculs faits au cours de l'etude, de determiner la geometrie optimale et d'estimer l'effet du taux de combustion; 3. Determination des repartitions energetiques et de l'effet de l'immersion des cartouches sur la reactivite pour un reacteur experimental a ebullition et a surchauffe combinees; 4. Etude d'un coeur de reacteur surgenerateur plutonigene a neutrons rapides, alimente en U{sup 235} et refroidi au sodium qui constituerait la charge initiale du Deuxieme reacteur surgenerateur experimental d'Argonne; 5. Etude des caracteristiques d'un reacteur a deux regions, l'une thermique et l'autre rapide, en interaction. Dans l'expose de ces programmes, les auteurs expliquent pourquoi on a

Foucault and the Imperatives of Education: Critique and Self-Creation in a Non-Foundational World

Science.gov (United States)

Olssen, Mark

2006-01-01

This article outlines Foucault's conception of critique in relation to his writings on Kant. In that Kant saw Enlightenment as a process of release from the status of immaturity in that we accept someone else's authority to lead us in areas where the use of reason is called for, it is claimed in this article that Foucault's notion of critique…

Etude theorique et experimentale des evaporateurs de dioxyde de carbone operant dans des conditions de givrage

Science.gov (United States)

Bendaoud, Adlane Larbi

. Dans la partie theorique, un modele traitant les aspects thermique, hydrodynamique et massique a ete elabore. Sur la base de ce modele a ete ecrit un programme informatique en langage FORTRAN 6.6. Il est base sur la discretisation du serpentin en volumes de controle, est entierement automatise et peut traiter des echangeurs de chaleur avec des circuits de refrigerant complexes pouvant avoir des entrees et sorties multiples ainsi que des bifurcations. La presence simultanee des trois phases thermodynamiques du refrigerant (liquide sous refroidi, fluide sature, vapeur surchauffee) dans le serpentin est aussi prise en charge. Le modele a ete valide pour un fonctionnement avec et sans formation de givre en utilisant des donnees experimentales disponibles dans la litterature et celles obtenues sur le banc d'essai de CanmetENERGIE. Celui-ci a ete mis a jour pour les besoins de la presente recherche et pour cela, un systeme de surchauffe et d'injection de la vapeur d'eau dans une enceinte a tres basse temperature a ete dimensionne, fabrique et installe. Un dispositif de visualisation de la formation de givre, ainsi qu'un equipement de mesure de la temperature, de la pression et de l'humidite relative de l'air ont aussi ete ajoutes. Une fois le modele valide, des simulations numeriques sur le serpentin avec et sans formation de givre ont ete effectuees. Un premier cas de base a servi comme reference pour d'autres cas pour lesquels une etude parametrique sur la geometrie et le fonctionnement a ete menee. Il a ete montre par rapport au cas de base que : 1. la diminution de la densite des ailettes sur des rangees specifiques du serpentin donne une surface minimale (Amin) plus grande, retardant ainsi l'obstruction totale du serpentin par le givre et permet donc un temps de fonctionnement plus grand et une frequence de degivrage plus faible. 2. une bonne configuration de circuit de refrigerant augmente le temps de fonctionnement du serpentin de 200 % et delivre une puissance

Hackers against technology: Critique and recuperation in technological cycles.

Science.gov (United States)

Maxigas

2017-12-01

I offer an interpretation of hackers' technological choices through a theoretical framework of critique and recuperation in technological cycles, building on prior research that brings the pragmatic sociology of Boltanski and Chiapello to bear on matters in Science and Technology Studies. I argue that contextualizing technology choices in the development of capitalism through innovation illuminates their political significance. I start with the counterintuitive observation that some browser extensions popular with hackers, like RequestPolicy, make it considerably harder for them to look at websites. This observation showcases the Luddite aspects of hackerdom, in that they are willing to 'break' popular websites that would otherwise cheat on the user. In line with an undercurrent of hacker studies, in this case study I find hackers fighting technological progress they see as social decline.

Roman Jakobson contre Leo Spitzer : militantisme critique et défense d’une méthode

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniel Maira

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Toute critique militante suppose, d’une part, une prise de position contre une thèse hégémonique ou bien consolidée qu’il faut rejeter pour en montrer les limites, et, d’autre part, une nouvelle réflexion théorique qui doit néanmoins être expliquée et illustrée. Des méthodologies différentes appliquées aux mêmes objets littéraires peuvent dès lors engager des analyses textuelles discordantes. Nous aimerions étudier les lectures que Leo Spitzer et Roman Jakobson proposent du sonnet CXIII de l’Olive de Joachin Du Bellay (1550, en les contextualisant d’abord dans le débat théorique des années 1960-1970. Les essais des deux critiques militent en faveur d’une « défense et illustration » de leur méthode en matière d’analyse littéraire. 

Study of the point defects formed in cobalt by electron bombardment; Etude des defauts ponctuels crees par bombardement electronique dans le cobalt

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sulpice, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, 38 - Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-12-01

A study of the point defects formed in cobalt by electron bombardment is presented. The results are compared with those previously obtained for two other ferromagnetic metals of different structure, iron and nickel. In the first part we give a review of the literature concerning the creation of point defects, their contribution to resistivity and their annihilation mode in the three structure types. We then describe the experimental techniques adapted, in particular the study of the resistivity increase during a linear temperature rise. Our investigations concern the following, essential points : the observation of the successive annihilation stages of the point defects formed in pure cobalt, a study of the variations with respect to the doses and energy of the incident particles, and the determination of the annealing kinetics and the corresponding activation energies. The results are finally compared with the various models of point defect annihilation proposed for other metals: none of these interpretations is in perfect agreement with our results. In the case of cobalt we are thus led to modify the model proposed by our laboratory for iron an nickel. The difference between these three metals is explained by the anisotropic character of the cobalt matrix. (author) [French] Nous presentons une etude des defauts ponctuels crees par bombardement electronique dans le cobalt et comparons nos resultats a ceux obtenus precedemment dans deux autres metaux ferromagnetiques de structure differente, le fer et le nickel. Dans une premiere partie nous faisons une mise au point bibliographique comparee sur la creation des defauts, leur contribution a la resistivite et leur mode d'annihilation dans les trois types de structure. Nous decrivons ensuite les techniques experimentales mises au point, en particulier l'etude du revenu de la resistivite au cours d'une montee lineaire de temperature. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons mis en evidence les stades successifs d

Conflicts of Interest and Incentives to Bias: A Microeconomic Critique of Google’s Tangled Position on the Web

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rieder, B.; Sire, G.

2014-01-01

Media scholars have studied and critiqued search engines - and in particular the dominant commercial actor, Google - for over a decade. Several conceptual and methodological problems, such as a lack of technological transparency, have made a detailed analysis of concrete power relations and their

Contribution to the study of {beta} disintegration and of nuclear structure using experiments on certain {beta}-{gamma} cascades: 198{sub Au}, 86{sub Rb}, 170{sub Tm}; Contribution a l'etude de la desintegration beta et a l'etude de la structure nucleaire a l'aide d'experiences sur certaines cascades beta-gamma: 198{sub Au}, 86{sub Rb}, 170{sub Tm}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lachkar, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes; Paris-11 Univ., fabulte des Sciences 91 - Orsay (France)

1969-07-01

{beta}{gamma} directional angular correlations and shapes of inner beta spectra leading to the first excited level of the final nucleus enable one to determine the nuclear matrix elements typical of the {beta} transition. In the three observed first forbidden cases: {sup 170}Tm, {sup 86}Rb, {sup 198}Au, these matrix elements do not confirm the independent shell model theory. Other hypotheses are then suggested and discussed. (author) [French] Les experiences de correlation angulaire {beta}{gamma} et l'etude du spectre {beta} conduisant au premier niveau excite du noyau final permettent de determiner les elements de matrices nucleaires caracteristiques de cette transition. Dans les trois cas etudies (transitions une fois interdites): {sup 170}Tm, {sup 86}Rb, {sup 198}Au, ces elements de matrices ne peuvent etre retrouves a l'aide du modele en couches et a particules independantes. D'autres hypotheses sont alors emises et discutees. (auteur)

The Egyptian Islamic Group’s Critique of Al-Qaeda’s Interpretation of Jihad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paul Kamolnick

2013-10-01

Full Text Available A specific branch of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh al-jihad regulates the waging of the jihad of the sword (jihad bis saif. In this article, a detailed exposition is presented of the Egyptian Islamic Group’s (IG; Al-Gama’a Al-Islamiyya use of fiqh al jihad against Al-Qaeda. The present author’s ‘jihad-realist’ approach is first briefly described; the IG’s critique of AQ systematically outlined; and in conclusion, implications are derived for counter-radicalisation strategies.

“Feminism” as Ideology: Sarah Palin’s Anti-feminist Feminism and Ideology Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Michelle Rodino-Colocino

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The point of this essay is threefold: to describe the main tenets of Marx’s theory of ideology by critically engaging in the work of Marx and Engels, to flesh out the claim that Sarah Palin’s  “feminism” works ideologically as Marx and Engels describe, and consequently, to demonstrate that ideology critique is important intellectual work for feminist Marxist scholars. As I suggest in the conclusion, this is work that should inform scholars’ political activism.

Study and installation of concrete shielding in the civil engineering of nuclear construction (1960); Etude et mise en place des betons de protection dans le genie civil des ouvrages nucleaires (1960)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dubois, F. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

The object of this report is to give technical information about high density concretes which have become very important for radiation biological shielding. The most generally used heavy aggregates (barytes, ilmenite, ferrophosphorus, limonite, magnetite and iron punching) to make these concretes are investigated from the point of view prospecting and physical and chemical characteristics. At first, a general survey of shielding concretes is made involving the study of components, mixing and placing methods, then, a detailed investigation of some high density concretes: barytes concrete, with incorporation of iron punching or iron shot, ferrophosphorus concrete, ilmenite concrete and magnetite concrete, more particularly with regard to grading and mix proportions and testing process. To put this survey in concrete form, two practical designs are described such as they have been carried out at the Saclay Nuclear Station. Specifications are given for diverse concretes and for making the proton-synchrotron 'Saturne' shielding blocks. (author) [French] Ce rapport a pour objet de donner des precisions techniques au sujet des betons a haute densite qui ont pris une grande importance pour la protection biologique contre les rayonnements. Les agregats lourds les plus couramment utilises (barytine, ilmenite, ferrophosphore, limonite, magnetite et riblons) pour la fabrication de ces betons, sont examines du point de vue prospection et caracteristiques physiques et chimiques. On procede d'abord a une etude generale des betons de protection comprenant l'etude des constituants, de la confection et de la mise en place, ensuite, a un examen detaille de quelques betons a haute densite: betons a base de barytine, avec incorporation de riblons ou de grenaille de fonte, betons au ferrophosphore, a base d'ilmenite ou de magnetite, notamment en ce qui concerne la granulometrie, la composition, le dosage et les processus d'essais. Pour concretiser ces

Contribution to the study on the flow rate adjustment for gas cooled power reactors (1964); Contributiom a l'etude de reglage du debit pour les reacteurs industriels refroidis par gaz (1964)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milliot, B [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-06-15

1. This original study firstly defines the problem of the adjustment of the coolant flow rate in a reactor channel as a function of the corresponding heat transfer equations and of the local and temporal neutron flux. The necessity of such an adjustment is pointed out and the modifying parameters are studied. An adjustment study using the envelope of the possible flux curves is developed. A short study on the technology and the economical advantage of this adjustment is presented. Some measurements, made on G-1 and G-2, show the precision one can obtain from adjustment apparatus itself as well as from the complete reactor adjustment system. 2. Evolution of nuclear properties of fuel in an heterogeneous thermal reactor. In the first port of this paper, the phenomena of fuel evolution have been mainly pointed out. Now a bibliographical study more qualitatively than quantitatively has been done. This survey specifies the present theories and relates to a real effective cross section and also yields to the bases of such a nuclear calculation. (author) [French] 1. Cette etude originale definit d'abord le probleme du reglage du debit de refrigerant dans un canal de reacteur en fonction de la formulation du calcul des performances thermodynamiques de ce canal et des variations du flux neutronique dans l'espace et le temps. La necessite du reglage est ensuite mise en evidence et les parametres le modifiant sont etudies. Une methode de reglage, basee sur l'emploi d 'une courbe enveloppe des courbes de flux possibles, est donnee. Une breve etude de la technologie et des incidences economiques du reglage est presentee. Des mesures effectuees sur les reacteurs G-1 et G-2 montrent la precision que l'on peut attendre des dispositifs de reglage comme du reglage d'ensemble du reacteur lui-meme. 2. Evolution des proprietes nucleaires du combustible dans un reacteur heterogene a neutrons thermiques. Les phenomenes d'evolution du combustible tiennent une place importante dans l'etude

An economic study of the site of Marcoule; Etude economique du site de Marcoule

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duprat, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Marcoule (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The study of this site of the Marcoule Center shows that its regional economical influence is limited to the buying power distributed among its personnel. This entails distortions between first this supplementary buying power and the overall markets within the possible Marcoule influence zone, and secondly the concentration on Bagnols-sur-Ceze and this town's normal extension possibilities. (author) [French] L'etude du site de Marcoule demontre que son influence economique se limite, pour la region, au pouvoir d'achat distribue a son personnel. Ceci entraine une disproportion d'une part entre ce pouvoir d'achat supplementaire et l'ensemble des marches contenus dans l'aire d'influence possible de Marcoule, d'autre part entre la concentration realisee a Bagnole-sur-Ceze et la capacite d'extension normale de cette agglomeration. (auteur)

A Standardized Generalized Dimensionality Discrepancy Measure and a Standardized Model-Based Covariance for Dimensionality Assessment for Multidimensional Models

Science.gov (United States)

Levy, Roy; Xu, Yuning; Yel, Nedim; Svetina, Dubravka

2015-01-01

The standardized generalized dimensionality discrepancy measure and the standardized model-based covariance are introduced as tools to critique dimensionality assumptions in multidimensional item response models. These tools are grounded in a covariance theory perspective and associated connections between dimensionality and local independence.…

Processing radioactive effluents with ion-exchanging resins: study of result extrapolation; Traitement des effluents radioactifs par resines echangeuses d'ions: etude de l'extrapolation des resultats

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wormser, G.

1960-05-03

As a previous study showed the ion-exchanging resins could be used in Saclay for the treatment of radioactive effluents, the author reports a study which aimed at investigating to which extent thus obtained results could be extrapolated to the case of higher industrial columns. The author reports experiments which aimed at determining extrapolation modes which could be used for columns of organic resin used for radioactive effluent decontamination. He notably studied whether the Hiester and Vermeulen extrapolation law could be applied. Experiments are performed at constant percolation flow rate, at varying flow rate, and at constant flow rate [French] Plusieurs etudes ont ete faites dans le but d'examiner les possibilites d'emploi des resines echangeuses d'ions pour le traitement des effluents radioactifs. Dans un rapport preliminaire, nous avons montre dans quelles limites un tel procede pouvait etre utilise au Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay. Les essais ont ete effectues sur des petites colonnes de resine au laboratoire; il est apparu ensuite necessaire de prevoir dans quelle mesure les resultats ainsi obtenus peuvent etre extrapoles a des colonnes industrielles, de plus grande hauteur. Les experiences dont les resultats sont exposes dans ce rapport, ont pour but de determiner les modes d'extrapolation qui pourraient etre employes pour des colonnes de resine organique utilisees pour la decontamination d'effluents radioactifs. Nous avons en particulier recherche si la loi d'extrapolation de Hiester et Vermeulen qui donne de bons resultats dans le cas de fixation d'ions radioactifs en presence d'un ion macrocomposant sur des terres, pouvait etre appliquee. Les experiences, en nombre limite, ont montre que la loi d'extrapolation de Hiester et Vermeulen pouvait s'appliquer dans le cas de l'effluent considere quand les debits de percolation sont tres faibles; quand ils sont plus forts, les volumes de liquide percoles, a fixation egale, sont proportionnels aux

Henri Mitterand – Critique génétique et sociocritique

OpenAIRE

Mitterand, Henri; Biasi, Pierre-Marc de; Herschberg Pierrot, Anne

2013-01-01

Henri Mitterand est l’un des fondateurs de la sociocritique en France, et de la génétique zolienne. Il est aussi linguiste, sémioticien et stylisticien. Nous l’avons interrogé sur les relations complexes de la génétique et de la sociocritique. Sociocritique et sociogenèse Pierre-Marc de Biasi – Après une trentaine d’années de recul et d’expérience, quelle place donneriez-vous à la sociocritique et à la sociogenèse dans la construction du nouveau rapport critique qui s’est institué avec les ma...

Ethos and Critique: a Contribution to Ethics in Research and Education

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Gerd

The aim of this paper is to discuss Michel Foucault’s concept of ethos and the possibilities and limitations of this position. In addition, I will argue that Foucault’s insistently critical stance and power/knowledge concept can be considered as an ethical stance different from both deontology...... as well as to supervise the students in group dynamics and not just – as it is currently done – in the academic skills and content matters. Thus, it points at the ethical qualities of the critical work of Foucault: that critique is an appeal to be constantly aware of what we are doing, and that what we...

Cell for studying electron-adsorbed gas interactions; Cellule d'etudes des interactions electron-gaz adsorbe

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Golowacz, H; Degras, D A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, 91 - Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Deptartement de Physique des Plasmas et de la Fusion Controlee, Service de Physique Appliquee, Service de Physique des Interractions Electroniques, Section d' Etude des Interactions Gaz-Solides

1967-07-01

The geometry and the technology of a cell used for investigations on electron-adsorbed gas interactions are described. The resonance frequencies of the surface ions which are created by the electron impact on the adsorbed gas are predicted by simplified calculations. The experimental data relative to carbon monoxide and neon are in good agreement with these predictions. (authors) [French] Les caracteristiques geometriques et technologiques generales d'une cellule d'etude des interactions entre un faisceau d'electrons et un gaz adsorbe sont donnees. Un calcul simplifie permet de prevoir les frequences de resonance des ions de surface crees par l'impact des electrons sur le gaz adsorbe. Les donnees experimentales sur l'oxyde de carbone et le neon confirment les previsions du calcul. (auteurs)

Learning to Critique and Adapt Science Curriculum Materials: Examining the Development of Preservice Elementary Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge

Science.gov (United States)

Beyer, Carrie J.; Davis, Elizabeth A.

2012-01-01

Teachers often engage in curricular planning by critiquing and adapting existing curriculum materials to contextualize lessons and compensate for their deficiencies. Designing instruction for students is shaped by teachers' ability to apply a variety of personal resources, including their pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). This study…

Catherine Parayre, « Les impostures de l’écriture : “Comment réussir sa vie” de Paul Savoie et La critique de Céline Forcier

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catherine Parayre

2016-12-01

Full Text Available En soi, les calculs secrets de tout imposteur ont pour objectif de manipuler autrui et de le convaincre à croire vrai ce qui ne l’est pas. Dans la nouvelle « Comment réussir sa vie » de Paul Savoie (L’empire des rôdeurs, 2004 tout autant que dans le roman La critique (2012 de Céline Forcier, l’imposture consiste chez le protagoniste à s’arroger le rôle d’écrivain sans toutefois se soumettre à la critique, c’est-à-dire à publier un texte en passant outre les règles du monde de l’édition. Savoie et Forcier dressent ainsi le portrait complexe, ni approbateur ni antipathique, d’auteurs isolés mais opiniâtres. Dans une critique sous-jacente, ils n’épargnent pas non plus les excès et autres dysfonctionnements de l’institution littéraire. Au-delà de destins particuliers, « Comment réussir sa vie » et La critique se font surtout l’écho de questions et thèmes volontiers abordés dans l’écriture en milieu minoritaire. L’article entreprend de déterminer dans quelle mesure ces deux textes explorent diverses facettes de la figure de l’écrivain franco-ontarien.

A critique of Jeffrey D. Sachs's The end of poverty.

Science.gov (United States)

Henwood, Doug

2006-01-01

Jeffrey Sachs's The End of Poverty is a manifesto and how-to guide on ending extreme poverty around the world; it promotes the U.N. Millennium Development Goals. Sachs achieved fame with his policy package for the "stabilization" of Bolivia (which did nothing to relieve Bolivia's poverty), and became advisor to the Yeltsin government in Russia and to Poland, Slovenia, and Estonia as they began their transitions to capitalism (the last three mixed successes; Russia a thorough disaster). Sachs later became more prominent as a critic of development orthodoxy, and was economic advisor to the Jubilee 2000 movement. The End of Poverty is full of sharp critiques of Western imperialism, but his views on the rest of the development business are more conventional.

Constructivism in Science and Science Education: A Philosophical Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Nola, Robert

This paper argues that constructivist science education works with an unsatisfactory account of knowledge which affects both its account of the nature of science and of science education. The paper begins with a brief survey of realism and anti-realism in science and the varieties of constructivism that can be found. In the second section the important conception of knowledge and teaching that Plato develops in the Meno is contrasted with constructivism. The section ends with an account of the contribution that Vico (as understood by constructivists), Kant and Piaget have made to constructivist doctrines. Section three is devoted to a critique of the theory of knowledge and the anti-realism of von Glaserfeld. The final section considers the connection, or lack of it, between the constructivist view of science and knowledge and the teaching of science.

A Critique of Block on Abortion and Child Abandonment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakub Bożydar Wiśniewski

2010-05-01

Full Text Available The present paper offers a critique of Block on the issues of abortion and child abandonment. Block regards aborting a fetus or abandoning a child as an instance of exercising one’s libertarian right of expelling trespassers from one’s private property. I argue that the above reasoning is flawed due to the lack of the appreciation of the fact that if one voluntarily initiates the causal chain which leads to someone else ending up on his property, the latter person cannot be considered a trespasser. Furthermore, in the light of the above observation, any direct effects resulting from that person’s eviction should be considered the responsibility of the property’s owner. All of this follows from the simple logical fact that in all links of the causal chain under consideration the owner is the ultimate causal agent.

Critique with Limits—The Construction of American Religion in BioShock: Infinite

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jan Wysocki

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Released in 2013, BioShock: Infinite is a blockbuster first-person shooter which explores topics of American nationalism and religion. This article examines how religion is represented within the game and how motifs from American religious history are used to construct its game world. After an overview of the game’s production process and a literature review, several specific religious and historical motifs are discussed. Through a dissection of the aesthetic and narrative dimensions of the game, the article analyzes elements of religious history from which the developers of Infinite drew their inspiration, such as the biblical motif of Exodus or the still-popular concept of millennialism. The analysis shows how the game uses familiar but simultaneously transformed American imagery, such as a religiously legitimated American Exceptionalism in which George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Benjamin Franklin are worshiped as saintly figures. Infinite plays with popular notions of evangelical religion, mixed with themes related to so-called dangerous cults and sects. In this construction, Infinite strangely vacillates between a biting liberal caricature of religiously fueled nationalism and a nod to widespread moderate mainstream values in which unusual religious movements are negatively portrayed. The article argues that a critique of a mainstream religious movement such as evangelical Christianity is not possible for a multi-billion-dollar industry which is wary of critical topics that may potentially estrange its broad consumer base. In such instances, critique can only be applied to forms of religion that are already viewed as strange by the popular discourse.

Baby fission chambers; Etude de chambres a fission miniatures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guery, U.; Tachon, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

The present report is intended, on the one band, as a study of the main types of fission chambers produced to date, and on the other, to deal more generally with this type of detector. Originally, it was with a view to the charting of neutron scatter in 'Proserpine' that the authors undertook the study of these chambers. During the course of the task, it was considered worth tbe trouble of developing its scope to include a more general application: neutron scatter measurement of various energy neutrons within a reduced volume with slight local disturbance. (author) [French] Le present rapport se propose, d'une part, d'exposer les principales realisations de chambres a fission, d'autre part de faire une mise au point a caractere plus general sur ces detecteurs. Au depart, c'est surtout en vue des mesures de densite neutronique dans 'Proserpine' que les auteurs ont etudie ces chambres; au cours de la mise au point, il a paru interessant de developper leur etude pour des applications plus generales: mesures de densites de neutrons de differentes energies dans un element de volume tres reduit et avec faible perturbation locale. (auteur)

On the 209Po half-life error and its confirmation. A critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Colle, R.; Colle, A.M.

2016-01-01

A recent report on 209 Po claimed to have made a determination of the 125-a half-life from measurements made over 0.8 % of one half-life. A careful reanalysis of the original data with a more complete and rigorous consideration of the underlying uncertainties demonstrates that this claim cannot withstand critical scrutiny. More importantly, this critique examines the larger issue as to what constitutes a valid half-life determination, and highlights that a careful and realistic analysis beyond the mere fitting of decay data to an exponential function is required for the measurement and reporting of half-life values. (author)

CRITIQUE OF FUNCTIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF ANTHONY GIDDENS AND NORBERT ELIAS: A COMPARISON

OpenAIRE

Šņitņikovs, Aleksejs

2017-01-01

The purpose of the paper is to assess the arguments of the critique of functionalism by Anthony Giddens and Norbert Elias. After being subject to severe criticism, terminology of functionalism is still a part of the lexicon of social scientists nowadays. Functionalist reasoning and concepts of functionalism are used in sociology, political science and economics, even though often without full awareness of its theoretical implications. Recent revival of interest in the works by Elias is connec...

A study of internal contamination levels resulting from {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs environmental pollution. The influence of different factors; Etude des niveaux de contamination interne resultant d'une pollution de l'environnement par le {sup 90}Sr et le {sup 137}Cs influence des differents parametres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garnier, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1970-07-01

This study includes two parts. The purpose of the former one is to try and evaluate the amounts of {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs dietary intakes as a function of age with a view to assessing internal exposure doses and estimating the critical age, and to study the relative significance of the several factors it depends on. The data used are both the results of dietary surveys made in 11 districts of the European community from which the evolution of the consumed amounts of 13 groups of foodstuffs, as a function of age was derived, and the mean factors of contamination pathways. The variability of some factors is very large and an attempt is made to assess their significance on the whole contamination; also, the influence of the various diets has been emphasized. The purpose of the second part is to assess, doses as a function of age in the case of protracted exposure on the basis of the aforesaid results and radiobiological factors derived from bibliographic states of the arts. An assessment is made of body burdens and mean doses (either to the skeleton or the whole body according to the radionuclides) originating either from a direct unitary exposure or from situations implying both modes of exposure. As assumed only the diets vary with the districts, thus the results reflect their significance which should be corrected, for a more accurate assessment of the dose variability, by the significance of human and transfer factors. (author) [French] Cette etude comprend deux parties. L'objet de la premiere partie est a la fois un essai d'evaluation en fonction de l'age des quantites de strontium 90 et de cesium 137 ingerees avec les aliments dans la perspective d'une application a l'estimation des doses d'irradiation interne et a la recherche de l'age critique, et une etude de l'influence relative des divers parametres dont elle depend. Les donnees utilisees sont, d'une part, les resultats des enquetes alimentaires faites en onze regions de la Communaute Europeenne dont on

Experimental study of the hydrodynamic instabilities occurring in boiling-water reactors; Etude experimentale des instabilites hydrodynamiques survenant dans les reacteurs nucleaires a ebullition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fabreca, S. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-10-01

The subjects is an experimental out-of pile loop study of the hydrodynamic oscillations occurring in boiling-water reactors. The study was carried out at atmospheric pressure and at pressure of about 8 atmospheres, in channels heated electrically by a constant and uniform specified current. In the test at 8 atmospheres the channel was a round tube of approximately 6 mm interior diameter. At 1 atmosphere a ring-section channel was used, 10 * 20 mm in diameter, with an inner heating tube and an outer tube of pyrex. It was possible to operate with natural convection and also with forced convection with test-channel by-pass. The study consists of 3 parts: 1. Preliminary determination of the laws governing pressure-drop during boiling. 2. Determination of the fronts at which oscillation appears, within a wide range of the parameters involved. 3. A descriptive study of the oscillations and measurement of the periods. The report gives the oscillation fronts with natural and forced convection for various values of the singular pressure drop at the channel inlet and for various riser lengths. The results are presented in non-dimensional form, which is available, in first approximation, for all geometric scales and for all fluids. Besides the following points were observed: - the wall (nature and thickness) can be an important factor ; - oscillation can occur in a horizontal channel. (author) [French] II a ete effectue une etude experimentale, en boucle hors-pile, des oscillations hydrodynamiques survenant dans les reacteurs a ebullition. L'etude a ete effectuee a la pression atmospherique et a une pression voisine de 8 atmospheres dans des canaux chauffes electriquement a puissance imposee constante et uniforme. Dans les essais a 8 atmospheres le canal etait un tube circulaire de diametre interieur 6 mm environ. A 1 atmosphere le canal etait de section annulaire 10 * 20 mm avec un tube interieur chauffant et un tube exterieur en pyrex. Le fonctionnement etait possible

What’s so Critical about Critical Neuroscience? -Rethinking Experiment, Enacting Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Des eFitzgerald

2014-05-01

Full Text Available In the midst of on-going hype about the power and potency of the new brain sciences, scholars within ‘Critical Neuroscience’ have called for a more nuanced and sceptical neuroscientific knowledge-practice. Drawing especially on the Frankfurt School, they urge neuroscientists towards a more critical approach – one that re-inscribes the objects and practices of neuroscientific knowledge within webs of social, cultural, historical and political-economic contingency. This paper is an attempt to open up the black-box of ‘critique’ within Critical Neuroscience itself. Specifically, we argue that limiting enactments of critique to the invocation of context misses the force of what a highly-stylized and tightly-bound neuroscientific experiment can actually do. We show that, within the neuroscientific experiment itself, the world-excluding and context-denying ‘rules of the game’ may also enact critique, in novel and surprising forms, while remaining formally independent of the workings of society, and culture, and history. To demonstrate this possibility, we analyze the Optimally Interacting Minds paradigm, a neuroscientific experiment that used classical psychophysical methods to show that, in some situations, people worked better as a collective, and not as individuals – a claim that works precisely against reactionary tendencies that prioritise individual over collective agency, but that was generated and legitimized entirely within the formal, context-denying conventions of neuroscientific experimentation. At the heart of this paper is a claim that it was precisely the rigours and rules of the experimental game that allowed these scientists to enact some surprisingly critical, and even radical, gestures. We conclude by suggesting that, in the midst of large-scale neuroscientific initiatives, it may be 'experiment,' and not 'context,' that forms the meeting-ground between neuro-biological and socio-political research practices.

Study of some properties of zirconium phosphate; Etude de quelques proprietes du phosphate de zirconium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Prospert, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-05-01

Zirconium phosphate has been studied with a view to using it as an ion exchanger: the first objective was to develop a method of preparation easy to apply and also reproducible. To this end, several tests were carried out varying the molar ratios of phosphorus and of zirconium. Some physical properties such as the diffraction of X-rays were examined. The work then involved certain chemical properties, particularly the percentages of free water and structural water given by the loss on calcination, the Karl-Fisher method and the weight losses by thermogravimetry. Finally an attempts was made to apply the exchanger to the separation of alkaline ions. The static tests showed that the order of fixation of these ions was Cs{sup +} > Rb{sup +} >> K{sup +} > Na{sup +}. Tests with columns showed that Na{sup +} and K{sup +} were easily separable, as was the Rb{sup +}-Cs{sup +} mixture, this last pair being fairly difficult to dissociate. (author) [French] Le phosphate de zirconium a ete etudie en vue de son utilisation comme echangeur d'ions: le premier but a atteindre a ete de mettre au point une preparation pouvant se reveler facilement utilisable ainsi qu'aisement reproductible. A cet effet, plusieurs essais ont ete effectues en faisant varier les rapports molaires du phosphore et du zirconium. Quelques proprietes physiques, telle la diffraction des rayons X, ont ete abordees. Ensuite, l'etude a porte sur certaines proprietes chimiques, particulierement les pourcentages d'eau libre et d'eau de structure par des pertes au feu, utilisation de la methode de Karl-Fisher, ainsi que des pertes de poids a la thenmobalance. Enfin, on a tente d'utiliser l'echangeur a la separation des ions alcalins. Les etudes statiques ont permis de constater que l'ordre de fixation de ces ions etait Cs{sup +} > Rb{sup +} >> K{sup +} > Na{sup +}. Les essais effectues en colonne ont montre que Na{sup +} et K{sup +} etaient aisement separables entre eux, ainsi que du couple Rb{sup +}-Cs{sup +}, ce

A Geospatial Online Instruction Model

Science.gov (United States)

Rodgers, John C., III; Owen-Nagel, Athena; Ambinakudige, Shrinidhi

2012-01-01

The objective of this study is to present a pedagogical model for teaching geospatial courses through an online format and to critique the model's effectiveness. Offering geospatial courses through an online format provides avenues to a wider student population, many of whom are not able to take traditional on-campus courses. Yet internet-based…

Conductivite dans le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel a faible couplage

Science.gov (United States)

Bergeron, Dominic

Le modele de Hubbard bi-dimensionnel (2D) est souvent considere comme le modele minimal pour les supraconducteurs a haute temperature critique a base d'oxyde de cuivre (SCHT). Sur un reseau carre, ce modele possede les phases qui sont communes a tous les SCHT, la phase antiferromagnetique, la phase supraconductrice et la phase dite du pseudogap. Il n'a pas de solution exacte, toutefois, plusieurs methodes approximatives permettent d'etudier ses proprietes de facon numerique. Les proprietes optiques et de transport sont bien connues dans les SCHT et sont donc de bonne candidates pour valider un modele theorique et aider a comprendre mieux la physique de ces materiaux. La presente these porte sur le calcul de ces proprietes pour le modele de Hubbard 2D a couplage faible ou intermediaire. La methode de calcul utilisee est l'approche auto-coherente a deux particules (ACDP), qui est non-perturbative et inclue l'effet des fluctuations de spin et de charge a toutes les longueurs d'onde. La derivation complete de l'expression de la conductivite dans l'approche ACDP est presentee. Cette expression contient ce qu'on appelle les corrections de vertex, qui tiennent compte des correlations entre quasi-particules. Pour rendre possible le calcul numerique de ces corrections, des algorithmes utilisant, entre autres, des transformees de Fourier rapides et des splines cubiques sont developpes. Les calculs sont faits pour le reseau carre avec sauts aux plus proches voisins autour du point critique antiferromagnetique. Aux dopages plus faibles que le point critique, la conductivite optique presente une bosse dans l'infrarouge moyen a basse temperature, tel qu'observe dans plusieurs SCHT. Dans la resistivite en fonction de la temperature, on trouve un comportement isolant dans le pseudogap lorsque les corrections de vertex sont negligees et metallique lorsqu'elles sont prises en compte. Pres du point critique, la resistivite est lineaire en T a basse temperature et devient

Critique to the contemporaneous cynic reason: life and learning relationship review.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diana Milena Peñuela Contreras

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In the present article it is proposed to think about life and learning relationship from the turn produced by the introduction of the cynical reason in the contemporaneous societies. Three stages form this writing. In the first one, the ways of functioning of the critique to the cynical reason, from Sloterdjik and Deleuze, are contextualized. In the second one, the implications of such cynical reason, designated by Sloterdjik as reversion of the life’s effects on the learning and their relationship are discussed. And in the third one, the Jacotot’s experience, reconstructed by Jaques Ranciere, is picked up in order to give other senses and understandings to today’s life-learning relationship.

Model of a plasma without collisions in a cylindrical geometry by the study of the motions of the particles (1960); Modele d'un plasma sans collisions dans une geometrie cylindrique par l'etude des mouvements de particules (1960)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rebut, P H [Association Euratom-CEA Cadarache, 13 - Saint-Paul-lez-Durance (France). Dept. de Recherches sur la Fusion Controlee

1960-07-01

The Boltzmann equation for a group of particles in the absence of collisions may be written df/dt = 0, where f is the distribution function in the phase space. This equation means that f is an individual motion constant. This leads to a study, of the paths and to a research of the first integrals of the differential system related to them. This study leads also to a confinement condition on the velocities of a particle. The following step is related to the theoretical study of some distribution functions and of the resulting consequences. A differential system is obtained, giving density and magnetic and electric fields. This system has been in a number of cases solved by a digital computer. This solution allows an experimental comparison to be made. The first integrals obtained are still valid when magnetic 'screw-type' fields are concerned, which results in the obtention of a type of helicoidal deformation and of a stability criteria with respect to these deformations. (author) [French] L'equation de Boltzmann pour un groupe de particules en l'absence de collision peut s'ecrire df/dt = 0, ou f est la fonction de distribution dans l'espace des phases. Cette equation signifie que f est une constante du mouvement individuel. On est donc amene a etudier les trajectoires et a rechercher des integrales premieres du systeme differentiel qui leur est lie; cette etude conduit aussi a une condition de confinement portant sur les vitesses d'une particule. L'etape suivante se rapporte a l'etude theorique de certaines fonctions de distribution et des consequences qui en decoulent. On arrive a un systeme differentiel donnant densite, champs magnetiques et electriques, systeme qui a ete resolu dans un certain nombre de cas par une machine a calculer digitale. Cette resolution permet une confrontation experimentale. Les integrales premieres obtenues restent encore valables lors de champs magnetiques en 'vis'; il en resulte l'obtention d'un type de deformation helicoidale et d

A Design Anthropology Critique of Active Aging as Ageism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Linda Tonolli

2015-10-01

Full Text Available This paper proposes a design anthropology critique of active aging as ageism in the design of information technologies for seniors. With ageism we refer to narratives coalesced around the label “active aging” in European policies and system design that focus on seniors as a homogeneous group of people in need of help. We discuss the findings of two empirical participatory design projects we have been dealing with: 1 a bottom­-up senior organization in a small village in a mountain area and 2 a series of workshops organized with seniors in an urban area. In both cases, the relations between the anthropologist and the people involved, prompted reflexive moments that brought anthropological relocations of the designers' perspective. In conclusion, we stress how such relocations could benefit participatory designs through the concept of design by subtraction and the adoption of a feminist perspective.

Experimental study of the radio-active contamination of certain cultivated plants by irrigation water; Etude experimentale de la contamination radioactive par l'eau d'irrigation de certaines plantes cultivees

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michon, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Barbier, G; Le Blaye, P; Brossard, M [Station Centrale d' Agronomie, 78 - Versailles (France); Fioramonti, S; Marty, J R [Station Agronomique de Toulouse, 31 (France); Benard, P; Flanzy, M [Station Centrale de Technologie des Produits Vegetaux, 11 - Narbonne (France); Delas, J; Delmas, J; Demias, Ch [Station d' Agronomie de Bordeaux (Pont de la Maye), 33 (France); Huguet, C [Station Agronomique d' Avignon, 84 (France)

1964-07-01

This report follows on to the CEA reports no 1860 and 2159 and gives the results obtained during the years 1961 and 1962. These results confirm for the most part those obtained previously and deal also with a larger variety of vegetables. Vines and artificial prairies were also dealt with during the course of this work. The large dispersion of the limiting values of the coefficient r (the ratio between the amount of radio-elements in a kilogram of product harvested, to the amount of radio-elements present in a litre of irrigation water) with different types of soil, different plant types, etc... , makes it impossible to draw any general conclusions. Each case of rejection requires a special study of which the outlive is given. At all events it is to be expected that in the majority of cases these studies will lead to a decrease in the norms now in force. (authors) [French] Ce rapport fait suite aux rapports CEA no 1860 et 2159 et rapporte les resultats obtenus pendant les annees 1961 et 1962. Ces resultats confirment dans l'ensemble ceux precedemment obtenus tout en augmentant la variete des legumes etudies. La vigne et les prairies artificielles ont egalement fait l'objet d'etudes. La grande dispersion des valeurs limites du coefficient r (rapport entre la quantite de radioelements dans un kg de produits recoltes a la quantite de radioelements presente dans un litre d'eau d'irrigation) en rapport avec la nature des sols, le type vegetal, etc.., ne permet pas de degager de conclusions generales. Chaque cas de rejet necessite une etude particuliere dont le schema est donne. En tout etat de cause l'on doit s'attendre a ce que dans la plupart des cas ces etudes conduisent a une diminution des normes actuellement utilisees. (auteurs)

French research program on the physiological problems caused by weightlessness. Use of the primate model

Science.gov (United States)

Pesquies, P. C.; Milhaud, C.; Nogues, C.; Klein, M.; Cailler, B.; Bost, R.

The need to acquire a better knowledge of the main biological problems induced by microgravity implies—in addition to human experimentation—the use of animal models, and primates seem to be particularly well adapted to this type of research. The major areas of investigation to be considered are the phospho-calcium metabolism and the metabolism of supporting tissues, the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, the cardiovascular function, awakeness, sleep-awakeness cycles, the physiology of equilibrium and the pathophysiology of space sickness. Considering this program, the Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches de Medecine Aerospatiale, under the sponsorship of the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, developed both a program of research on restrained primates for the French-U.S. space cooperation (Spacelab program) and for the French-Soviet space cooperation (Bio-cosmos program), and simulation of the effects of microgravity by head-down bedrest. Its major characteristics are discussed in the study.

Clinical and symptomatological study of pigs subjected to a lethal dose of integral gamma irradiation; Etude clinique et symptomatologique chez le porc soumis a une irradiation gamma totale a dose letale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vaiman, M; Guenet, J -L; Maas, J; Nizza, P

1966-05-01

Results are reported from a clinical and haematological study on a Corsican species of pigs wholly exposed to an approximately lethal dose of {gamma} radiation. The aim of this work was to examine the changes in the irradiation syndrome of irradiation for pigs to make it thus possible to devise further experiments, in particular in the therapeutic field. The dose received was 285 rads (measured as the absorption in the vertical antero-posterior medial plane). Data are presented on cyto-haematological changes in the blood circulating immediately after irradiation, and followed up to death, and changes in the medullary cytology after irradiation. The clinical picture of lethal radiation injury in swine is described. (authors) [French] Les auteurs rapportent les resultats d'une etude clinique et hematologique chez des porcs de race corse irradies in toto a dose sensiblement letale. Le but de cette etude etait de connaitre l'evolution du syndrome aigu d'irradiation chez le porc et de permettre ainsi le developpement d'experimentations ulterieures, en particulier dans le domaine therapeutique. La dose delivree etait de 285 rad (en dose absorbee au niveau du plan median vertical anteroposterieur. L'etude a porte essentiellement: 1. Sur les modifications cyclo-hematologiques du sang circulant immediatement apres l'irradiation, pour les differentes lignees cellulaires; l'evolution de ces modifications a ete notee jusqu'a la mort; 2. Sur les modifications de la cytologie medullaire apres irradiation (evolution du myelogramme et essai d'evaluation de la cellularite de la moelle osseuse);: 3. Sur les signes cliniques, d'ailleurs tres discrets, observes chez les porcs apres irradiation. (auteurs)

Clinical and symptomatological study of pigs subjected to a lethal dose of integral gamma irradiation; Etude clinique et symptomatologique chez le porc soumis a une irradiation gamma totale a dose letale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vaiman, M.; Guenet, J.-L.; Maas, J.; Nizza, P

1966-05-01

Results are reported from a clinical and haematological study on a Corsican species of pigs wholly exposed to an approximately lethal dose of {gamma} radiation. The aim of this work was to examine the changes in the irradiation syndrome of irradiation for pigs to make it thus possible to devise further experiments, in particular in the therapeutic field. The dose received was 285 rads (measured as the absorption in the vertical antero-posterior medial plane). Data are presented on cyto-haematological changes in the blood circulating immediately after irradiation, and followed up to death, and changes in the medullary cytology after irradiation. The clinical picture of lethal radiation injury in swine is described. (authors) [French] Les auteurs rapportent les resultats d'une etude clinique et hematologique chez des porcs de race corse irradies in toto a dose sensiblement letale. Le but de cette etude etait de connaitre l'evolution du syndrome aigu d'irradiation chez le porc et de permettre ainsi le developpement d'experimentations ulterieures, en particulier dans le domaine therapeutique. La dose delivree etait de 285 rad (en dose absorbee au niveau du plan median vertical anteroposterieur. L'etude a porte essentiellement: 1. Sur les modifications cyclo-hematologiques du sang circulant immediatement apres l'irradiation, pour les differentes lignees cellulaires; l'evolution de ces modifications a ete notee jusqu'a la mort; 2. Sur les modifications de la cytologie medullaire apres irradiation (evolution du myelogramme et essai d'evaluation de la cellularite de la moelle osseuse);: 3. Sur les signes cliniques, d'ailleurs tres discrets, observes chez les porcs apres irradiation. (auteurs)

A critique of cannabis legalization proposals in Canada.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalant, Harold

2016-08-01

An editorial in this issue describes a cannabis policy framework document issued by a major Canadian research centre, calling for legalization of non-medical use under strict controls to prevent increase in use, especially by adolescents and young adults who are most vulnerable to adverse effects of cannabis. It claims that such a system would eliminate the severe personal, social and monetary costs of prohibition, diminish the illicit market, and provide more humane management of cannabis use disorders. It claims that experience with regulation of alcohol and tobacco will enable a system based on public health principles to control access of youth to cannabis without the harm caused by prohibition. The present critique argues that the claims made against decriminalization and for legalization are unsupported, or even contradicted, by solid evidence. Early experience in other jurisdictions suggests that legalization increases use by adolescents and its attendant harms. Regulation of alcohol use does not provide a good model for cannabis controls because there is widespread alcohol use and harm among adolescents and young adults. Government monopolies of alcohol sale have been used primarily as sources of revenue rather than for guarding public health, and no reason has been offered to believe they would act differently with respect to cannabis. Good policy decisions require extensive unbiased information about the individual and social benefits and costs of both drug use and proposed control measures, and value judgments about the benefit/harm balance of each option. Important parts of the necessary knowledge about cannabis are not yet available, so that the value judgments are not yet possible. Therefore, a better case can be made for eliminating some of the harms of prohibition by decriminalization of cannabis possession and deferring decision about legalization until the necessary knowledge has been acquired. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Toward a Polanyian Critique of Technology: Attending "from" the Indwelling of Tools "to" the Course of Technological Civilization

Science.gov (United States)

van Pelt, James Clement

2011-01-01

As a scientist, Michael Polanyi made significant advances in chemistry and economics. From that deep hands-on experience, he derived a powerful critique of prevailing ideas of knowledge and the proper role of science. He demonstrated that disregarding or eliminating the personal embodiment of knowing in the tacit dimension in pursuit of purely…

A cultural critique of community psychiatry in India.

Science.gov (United States)

Jain, Sumeet; Jadhav, Sushrut

2008-01-01

This article is the first comprehensive cultural critique of India's official community mental health policy and program. Data are based on a literature review of published papers, conference proceedings, analyses of official policy and popular media, interviews with key Indian mental health professionals, and fieldwork in Kanpur district, Uttar Pradesh (2004-2006). The authors demonstrate how three influences have shaped community psychiatry in India: a cultural asymmetry between health professionals and the wider society, psychiatry's search for both professional and social legitimacy, and WHO policies that have provided the overall direction to the development of services. Taken together, the consequences are that rural community voices have been edited out. The authors hypothesize that community psychiatry in India is a bureaucratic and culturally incongruent endeavor that increases the divide between psychiatry and local rural communities. Such a claim requires sustained ethnographic fieldwork to reveal the dynamics of the gap between community and professional experiences. The development of culturally sensitive psychiatric theory and clinical services is essential to improve the mental health of rural citizens who place their trust in India's biomedical network.

A brief critique of the Adam-Gibbs entropy model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dyre, J. C.; Hecksher, Tina; Niss, Kristine

2009-01-01

This paper critically discusses the entropy model proposed by Adam and Gibbs in 1965 for the dramatic temperature dependence of glass-forming liquids' average relaxation time, which is one of the most influential models during the last four decades. We discuss the Adam-Gibbs model's theoretical...

A crystallographic and spectroscopic study of crystal sites in the 'spinel' structure; Etude cristallographique et spectroscopique des sites cristallins dans la structure 'spinelle'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Drifford, M. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-06-15

A crystallographic study on magnesium aluminates led to the determination of crystal site average distortion. A spectroscopic study of transition elements doped spinels gave the position of the doping element in tetrahedral (A) or octahedral (B) sites, and the local distortion of the latter. The comparison of average and local parameters points to differences in the behaviour of doping elements and shows the size of (A) sites are independent of the host crystal composition while the average size of (B) sites varies with the composition. (author) [French] Une etude cristallographique des aluminates de magnesium a permis de determiner la deformation moyenne des sites cristallins. Une etude spectroscopique des aluminates de magnesium dopes avec des elements de transition a permis de localiser les dopants entre les sites tetraedriques (A) et octaedriques (B) et d'etudier la deformation locale de ces sites. La comparaison entre les parametres moyens et locaux a caracterise le comportement du dopant et montre que les dimensions des sites (A) sont independantes de la composition de la matrice, alors que les caracteristiques geometriques moyennes des sites (B) varient continument avec la composition. (auteur)

Aspects of the magnetism of ferrous chloride; Aspects du magnetisme du chlorure ferreux

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Carrara, P. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-03-01

This work is a critical review of the existing work on ferrous chloride and presents, as well, a number of new experimental results. First, a careful analysis of the level structure of ferrous ions in the crystalline field shows that the crystalline anisotropy is of the same order of magnitude as the exchange interactions, a feature which gives rise to some particular effects, such as an upward curvature of the magnetization curve at 0 K in a perpendicular magnetic field. Further, the very low temperature (T > 0.4 K) thermal variation of both the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility evidences a magnetic component in elementary excitations. This result suggests the presence of a large magneto-elastic coupling. Finally, an experimental study of the H-T phase diagram near T{sub N} and of the critical behaviour of the specific heat and parallel susceptibility was performed. (author) [French] Ce travail constitue une analyse critique des resultats obtenus a ce jour sur le chlorure ferreux et comporte en outre quelques resultats experimentaux nouveaux. Tout d'abord, une etude precise de la structure de niveaux de l'ion ferreux dans le champ cristallin montre que l'anisotropie cristalline est comparable aux interactions d'echange, ce qui produit quelques effets originaux tels que, par exemple, l'inflexion de la courbe d'aimantation a 0 K en champ perpendiculaire. D'autre part, la variation thermique a basse temperature (T > 0.4 K) de la chaleur specifique et de la susceptibilite magnetique montre la presence d'une composante magnetique dans les excitations de basse energie. Ce resultat suggere la presence d'un couplage magneto-elastique. Enfin, nous avons realise une etude experimentale de la ligne de transition de phase (diagramme H,T) au voisinage de T{sub N}, et du comportement critique de la chaleur specifique et de la susceptibilite parallele. (auteur)

The structure of magnetic materials; La structure des substances magnetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Villain, J. [Commissariat a l' energie atomique et aux energies alternatives - CEA, C.E.N. Saclay (France)

1960-07-01

The paper deals with the prediction of the structure of magnetic materials below the critical point. The molecular field approximation is used: exchange interactions with unlimited range are assumed; the magnetic ions are supposed to form a Bravais lattice. The critical temperature T{sub c} is first calculated (section 1) without assuming any decomposition of the crystal into sublattices, and the magnetic structure at T{sub c} is given. It is next shown (section 2) that the essential features of this structure persist below T{sub c}, and the various possible cases are considered. It is possible that no decomposition into sublattices takes place, i.e. the magnetic structure and the nuclear structure have incommensurable periods. A detailed treatment is then given for the body-centered quadratic lattice (section 3) with interaction between first, second and third neighbours. Reprint of a paper published in Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol. 11, no. 3/4, p. 303-309, 1959 [French] Ce travail a pour objet la prevision systematique de la structure des substances magnetiques au-dessous du point de transition et l'etude des differents cas qui peuvent se presenter lorsque les ions magnetiques forment un reseau de Bravais. On se place dans une approximation de champ moleculaire, mais on ne fait aucune restriction concernant la portee des interactions d'echange. Apres avoir determine (Section 1) la temperature critique et la structure magnetique a cette temperature sans supposer a priori l'existence d'une decomposition en sous-reseaux, on montre (Section 2) que cette structure reste stable en dessous de la temperature critique, et on etudie les divers cas possibles. Il peut arriver en particulier que la structure magnetique ait une periode incommensurable avec celle du reseau cristallin. L'example du reseau quadratique centre avec couplage entre premiers, seconds et troisiemes voisins (Section 3) fournit une bonne illustration de cette etude. Reproduction d'un article publie

Probes and their application to the study of H.F. plasmoids; Les sondes et leur application dans l'etude des plasmoides H.F

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brunet, A; Geller, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1960-07-01

In the first part of this paper, we study the single Langmuir probe and the double-probe method. In the second part, we describe the probe-technique in connection with R.F. plasmoids. (author) [French] Dans la premiere partie de cet article, nous rappelons les principes d'utilisation de la sonde simple de Langmuir ainsi que la methode de la sonde double. La seconde partie est consacree a la pratique des sondes dans l'etude des plasmoides H.F. (auteur)

time-consciuosness: a presentation and critique of Husserl's phenomenology on the consciousness of internal time

OpenAIRE

Nissen Løje, Kamille; Mommer, Trine Kirstine; Sørensen, Emma Amalie Forum; Rasmussen, Nina Randrup; Lundkvist, Silas

2009-01-01

The project is based on Edmund Husserl’s lectures from 1905, On the Phenomenology of the Consciousness of Internal Time (1893-1917). The project is twofold; the first part is an account of Husserl’s branch of phenomenology. The second part consists of a discussion- and critique of some of the concepts in his phenomenology, which was needed to answer our problem definition. Discussions were among others, a distinction between recollection and retention, and protention and anticipation. Further...

Why do humans behave as they do? Answers based on “human nature" and their critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ciro Flamarion Cardoso

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article focus on one of the possible kinds of answers to the question: what can explain the behavior and the actions of human beings? Namely, it analyses the answers to this question that stress a determinant human nature, be it genetic, otherwise natural, or not clearly attributed to natural factors. Critiques and alternatives, supported by the paper’s author, are also examined.

Prediction du profil de durete de l'acier AISI 4340 traite thermiquement au laser

Science.gov (United States)

Maamri, Ilyes

Les traitements thermiques de surfaces sont des procedes qui visent a conferer au coeur et a la surface des pieces mecaniques des proprietes differentes. Ils permettent d'ameliorer la resistance a l'usure et a la fatigue en durcissant les zones critiques superficielles par des apports thermiques courts et localises. Parmi les procedes qui se distinguent par leur capacite en terme de puissance surfacique, le traitement thermique de surface au laser offre des cycles thermiques rapides, localises et precis tout en limitant les risques de deformations indesirables. Les proprietes mecaniques de la zone durcie obtenue par ce procede dependent des proprietes physicochimiques du materiau a traiter et de plusieurs parametres du procede. Pour etre en mesure d'exploiter adequatement les ressources qu'offre ce procede, il est necessaire de developper des strategies permettant de controler et regler les parametres de maniere a produire avec precision les caracteristiques desirees pour la surface durcie sans recourir au classique long et couteux processus essai-erreur. L'objectif du projet consiste donc a developper des modeles pour predire le profil de durete dans le cas de traitement thermique de pieces en acier AISI 4340. Pour comprendre le comportement du procede et evaluer les effets des differents parametres sur la qualite du traitement, une etude de sensibilite a ete menee en se basant sur une planification experimentale structuree combinee a des techniques d'analyse statistiques eprouvees. Les resultats de cette etude ont permis l'identification des variables les plus pertinentes a exploiter pour la modelisation. Suite a cette analyse et dans le but d'elaborer un premier modele, deux techniques de modelisation ont ete considerees, soient la regression multiple et les reseaux de neurones. Les deux techniques ont conduit a des modeles de qualite acceptable avec une precision d'environ 90%. Pour ameliorer les performances des modeles a base de reseaux de neurones, deux

A behavior-analytic critique of Bandura's self-efficacy theory

Science.gov (United States)

Biglan, Anthony

1987-01-01

A behavior-analytic critique of self-efficacy theory is presented. Self-efficacy theory asserts that efficacy expectations determine approach behavior and physiological arousal of phobics as well as numerous other clinically important behaviors. Evidence which is purported to support this assertion is reviewed. The evidence consists of correlations between self-efficacy ratings and other behaviors. Such response-response relationships do not unequivocally establish that one response causes another. A behavior-analytic alternative to self-efficacy theory explains these relationships in terms of environmental events. Correlations between self-efficacy rating behavior and other behavior may be due to the contingencies of reinforcement that establish a correspondence between such verbal predictions and the behavior to which they refer. Such a behavior-analytic account does not deny any of the empirical relationships presented in support of self-efficacy theory, but it points to environmental variables that could account for those relationships and that could be manipulated in the interest of developing more effective treatment procedures. PMID:22477956

Mind-body Dualism: A critique from a Health Perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Mehta, Neeta

2011-01-01

Philosophical theory about the nature of human beings has far reaching consequences on our understanding of various issues faced by them. Once taken as self-evident, it becomes the foundation on which knowledge gets built. The cause of concern is that this theoretical framework rarely gets questioned despite its inherent limitations and self-defeating consequences, leading to crisis in the concerned field. The field, which is facing crisis today, is that of medicine, and the paradigmatic stance that is responsible for the crisis is Cartesian dualism-a view that mind and body are essentially separate entities. This paper discusses Cartesian dualism in the context of the practice of medicine. Focusing more closely on how disease, health and treatment are defined through this position, the paper builds up its critique by throwing light on its accomplishments, limitations and self-defeating consequences. The paper also seeks to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people.

Mind-body Dualism: A critique from a Health Perspective**

Science.gov (United States)

Mehta, Neeta

2011-01-01

Philosophical theory about the nature of human beings has far reaching consequences on our understanding of various issues faced by them. Once taken as self-evident, it becomes the foundation on which knowledge gets built. The cause of concern is that this theoretical framework rarely gets questioned despite its inherent limitations and self-defeating consequences, leading to crisis in the concerned field. The field, which is facing crisis today, is that of medicine, and the paradigmatic stance that is responsible for the crisis is Cartesian dualism—a view that mind and body are essentially separate entities. This paper discusses Cartesian dualism in the context of the practice of medicine. Focusing more closely on how disease, health and treatment are defined through this position, the paper builds up its critique by throwing light on its accomplishments, limitations and self-defeating consequences. The paper also seeks to understand why this dualism is still alive despite its disavowal from philosophers, health practitioners and lay people. PMID:21694971

Patterns of Feedback on the Bridge to Independence: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis of NIH Mentored Career Development Award Application Critiques.

Science.gov (United States)

Kaatz, Anna; Dattalo, Melissa; Regner, Caitlin; Filut, Amarette; Carnes, Molly

2016-01-01

NIH Mentored Career Development (K) Awards bridge investigators from mentored to independent research. A smaller proportion of women than men succeed in this transition. The aim of this qualitative study was to analyze reviewers' narrative critiques of K award applications and explore thematic content of feedback provided to male and female applicants. We collected 88 critiques, 34 from 9 unfunded and 54 from 18 funded applications, from 70% (n = 26) of investigators at the University of Wisconsin-Madison with K awards funded between 2005 and 2009 on the first submission or after revision. We qualitatively analyzed text in the 5 critique sections: candidate, career development plan, research plan, mentors, and environment and institutional commitment. We explored thematic content within these sections for male and female applicants and for applicants who had received a subsequent independent research award by 2014. Themes revealed consistent areas of criticism for unfunded applications and praise for funded applications. Subtle variations in thematic content appeared for male and female applicants: For male applicants criticism was often followed by advice but for female applicants it was followed by questions about ability; praise recurrently characterized male but not female applicants' research as highly significant with optimism for future independence. Female K awardees that obtained subsequent independent awards stood out as having track records described as "outstanding." This exploratory study suggests that K award reviewer feedback, particularly for female applicants, should be investigated as a potential contributor to research persistence and success in crossing the bridge to independence.

Participation, Power, Critique: Constructing a Standard for Electronic Patient Records

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bossen, Claus

2006-01-01

  The scope of participatory design is discussed through the case of a national standard for electronic patient records (EPR) in Denmark. Currently within participatory design, the relationship between participatory methods and techniques on the one hand and critical and emancipatory aims...... on the other hand is discussed. Some argue that participation in itself entails a strive towards democracy, others argue that the tendency to focus upon tools, techniques and the arena of single projects should be supplemented with emancipatory aims, such as technology assessment and critique of dominance....... These issues are discussed through the controversies around the test in late 2004 of a prototype application based on BEHR, a standard developed from 1999 to 2005 for EPRs. I argue that participation is valuable, but that the scope of participatory design should also include critical conceptualizations...

Ernesto Laclau and Critical Media Studies: Marxism, Capitalism, and Critique

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schou, Jannick

2016-01-01

im-plications have been either overlooked or forgotten altogether. This paper seeks to reflect on the po-tentials and obstacles within Laclau’s work for critical media studies by engaging with the role of Marx-ism, capitalism and critique. First, the paper addresses the relation between Marxism...... and post-Marxism by arguing that rather than abandoning Marxism, Laclau actively situates his own work as a dialogue with and against this tradition. Second, the paper addresses the relation between Laclau’s analysis of so-called globalised capitalism and political struggle, which leads to a discussion...... and needs to receive further attention by future research. By providing an extended discussion of Laclau’s own work, this paper seeks to contribute to the critical application of discourse theory within the field of media studies and contribute to the on-going dialogue between Marxism, post-Marxism...

Contribution to the study on the flow rate adjustment for gas cooled power reactors (1964); Contributiom a l'etude de reglage du debit pour les reacteurs industriels refroidis par gaz (1964)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Milliot, B. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-06-15

1. This original study firstly defines the problem of the adjustment of the coolant flow rate in a reactor channel as a function of the corresponding heat transfer equations and of the local and temporal neutron flux. The necessity of such an adjustment is pointed out and the modifying parameters are studied. An adjustment study using the envelope of the possible flux curves is developed. A short study on the technology and the economical advantage of this adjustment is presented. Some measurements, made on G-1 and G-2, show the precision one can obtain from adjustment apparatus itself as well as from the complete reactor adjustment system. 2. Evolution of nuclear properties of fuel in an heterogeneous thermal reactor. In the first port of this paper, the phenomena of fuel evolution have been mainly pointed out. Now a bibliographical study more qualitatively than quantitatively has been done. This survey specifies the present theories and relates to a real effective cross section and also yields to the bases of such a nuclear calculation. (author) [French] 1. Cette etude originale definit d'abord le probleme du reglage du debit de refrigerant dans un canal de reacteur en fonction de la formulation du calcul des performances thermodynamiques de ce canal et des variations du flux neutronique dans l'espace et le temps. La necessite du reglage est ensuite mise en evidence et les parametres le modifiant sont etudies. Une methode de reglage, basee sur l'emploi d 'une courbe enveloppe des courbes de flux possibles, est donnee. Une breve etude de la technologie et des incidences economiques du reglage est presentee. Des mesures effectuees sur les reacteurs G-1 et G-2 montrent la precision que l'on peut attendre des dispositifs de reglage comme du reglage d'ensemble du reacteur lui-meme. 2. Evolution des proprietes nucleaires du combustible dans un reacteur heterogene a neutrons thermiques. Les phenomenes d'evolution du combustible

Contribution to the study of {beta} disintegration and of nuclear structure using experiments on certain {beta}-{gamma} cascades: 198{sub Au}, 86{sub Rb}, 170{sub Tm}; Contribution a l'etude de la desintegration beta et a l'etude de la structure nucleaire a l'aide d'experiences sur certaines cascades beta-gamma: 198{sub Au}, 86{sub Rb}, 170{sub Tm}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lachkar, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Bruyeres-le-Chatel (France). Centre d' Etudes; Paris-11 Univ., fabulte des Sciences 91 - Orsay (France)

1969-07-01

{beta}{gamma} directional angular correlations and shapes of inner beta spectra leading to the first excited level of the final nucleus enable one to determine the nuclear matrix elements typical of the {beta} transition. In the three observed first forbidden cases: {sup 170}Tm, {sup 86}Rb, {sup 198}Au, these matrix elements do not confirm the independent shell model theory. Other hypotheses are then suggested and discussed. (author) [French] Les experiences de correlation angulaire {beta}{gamma} et l'etude du spectre {beta} conduisant au premier niveau excite du noyau final permettent de determiner les elements de matrices nucleaires caracteristiques de cette transition. Dans les trois cas etudies (transitions une fois interdites): {sup 170}Tm, {sup 86}Rb, {sup 198}Au, ces elements de matrices ne peuvent etre retrouves a l'aide du modele en couches et a particules independantes. D'autres hypotheses sont alors emises et discutees. (auteur)

The Veil of Professionalism: An Autoethnographic Critique of White Positional Identities in the Figured Worlds of White Research Performance

Science.gov (United States)

Pennington, Julie L.; Prater, Kathryn

2016-01-01

Two white researchers critique the professional veil of silence they created as they reflected on a qualitative study they performed 12 years earlier. Autoethnography and performance ethnography are utilized to examine the ways in which whiteness can remain unexamined throughout the research process due to the construction of white positional…

Preparing for success: Readiness models for rural telehealth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jennett P

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Readiness is an integral and preliminary step in the successful implementation of telehealth services into existing health systems within rural communities. Methods and Materials: This paper details and critiques published international peer-reviewed studies that have focused on assessing telehealth readiness for rural and remote health. Background specific to readiness and change theories is provided, followed by a critique of identified telehealth readiness models, including a commentary on their readiness assessment tools. Results: Four current readiness models resulted from the search process. The four models varied across settings, such as rural outpatient practices, hospice programs, rural communities, as well as government agencies, national associations, and organizations. All models provided frameworks for readiness tools. Two specifically provided a mechanism by which communities could be categorized by their level of telehealth readiness. Discussion: Common themes across models included: an appreciation of practice context, strong leadership, and a perceived need to improve practice. Broad dissemination of these telehealth readiness models and tools is necessary to promote awareness and assessment of readiness. This will significantly aid organizations to facilitate the implementation of telehealth.

The cognitive based approach of capacity assessment in psychiatry: a philosophical critique of the MacCAT-T.

Science.gov (United States)

Breden, Torsten Marcus; Vollmann, Jochen

2004-12-01

This article gives a brief introduction to the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool-Treatment (MacCAT-T) and critically examines its theoretical presuppositions. On the basis of empirical, methodological and ethical critique it is emphasised that the cognitive bias that underlies the MacCAT-T assessment needs to be modified. On the one hand it has to be admitted that the operationalisation of competence in terms of value-free categories, e.g. rational decision abilities, guarantees objectivity to a great extent; but on the other hand it bears severe problems. Firstly, the cognitive focus is in itself a normative convention in the process of anthropological value-attribution. Secondly, it misses the complexity of the decision process in real life. It is therefore suggested that values, emotions and other biographic and context specific aspects should be considered when interpreting the cognitive standards according to the MacArthur model. To fill the gap between cognitive and non-cognitive approaches the phenomenological theory of personal constructs is briefly introduced. In conclusion some main demands for further research to develop a multi-step model of competence assessment are outlined.

Experimental study of the radio-active contamination of certain cultivated plants by irrigation water; Etude experimentale de la contamination radioactive par l'eau d'irrigation de certaines plantes cultivees

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Michon, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Barbier, G.; Le Blaye, P.; Brossard, M. [Station Centrale d' Agronomie, 78 - Versailles (France); Fioramonti, S.; Marty, J.R. [Station Agronomique de Toulouse, 31 (France); Benard, P.; Flanzy, M. [Station Centrale de Technologie des Produits Vegetaux, 11 - Narbonne (France); Delas, J.; Delmas, J.; Demias, Ch. [Station d' Agronomie de Bordeaux (Pont de la Maye), 33 (France); Huguet, C. [Station Agronomique d' Avignon, 84 (France)

1964-07-01

This report follows on to the CEA reports no 1860 and 2159 and gives the results obtained during the years 1961 and 1962. These results confirm for the most part those obtained previously and deal also with a larger variety of vegetables. Vines and artificial prairies were also dealt with during the course of this work. The large dispersion of the limiting values of the coefficient r (the ratio between the amount of radio-elements in a kilogram of product harvested, to the amount of radio-elements present in a litre of irrigation water) with different types of soil, different plant types, etc... , makes it impossible to draw any general conclusions. Each case of rejection requires a special study of which the outlive is given. At all events it is to be expected that in the majority of cases these studies will lead to a decrease in the norms now in force. (authors) [French] Ce rapport fait suite aux rapports CEA no 1860 et 2159 et rapporte les resultats obtenus pendant les annees 1961 et 1962. Ces resultats confirment dans l'ensemble ceux precedemment obtenus tout en augmentant la variete des legumes etudies. La vigne et les prairies artificielles ont egalement fait l'objet d'etudes. La grande dispersion des valeurs limites du coefficient r (rapport entre la quantite de radioelements dans un kg de produits recoltes a la quantite de radioelements presente dans un litre d'eau d'irrigation) en rapport avec la nature des sols, le type vegetal, etc.., ne permet pas de degager de conclusions generales. Chaque cas de rejet necessite une etude particuliere dont le schema est donne. En tout etat de cause l'on doit s'attendre a ce que dans la plupart des cas ces etudes conduisent a une diminution des normes actuellement utilisees. (auteurs)

Studies of elements used in hertzian interferometry (millimetric waves). Measurement of the permittivity of a liquid dielectric; Etudes d'elements utilises en interferometrie hertzienne (ondes millimetriques). Mesure de la permittivite de dielectrique liquide

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dagai, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-12-01

Study of some elements used in EHF interferometry (bond of millimeter waves). This study is about design of the following elements: horns, horns associated with lens, power separators: -) Study of assemblies allowing measurements of complex dielectric constants of liquids. These devices are used in free propagation about wave lengths {<=} 2 mm; -) Studied devices: Interferometer for 2 separated waves and Michelson's type interferometer; -) 4 liquids have been used: {epsilon}'{sub r} Octane from -50 to 70 C (-58 to 158 F), {epsilon}'{sub r} and {epsilon}'' [Monochlorobenzene at 22,8 C (73 F), Mixture of octane with 10,8 per cent citral at 22 C (72 F) and Benzene at 21 C (70 F)]. -) Precision obtained about measurements: {delta}{epsilon}'/{epsilon}' de 1 a 2%, {delta}{epsilon}''/{epsilon}'' de 4 a 6%.(author) [French] Etudes d'elements utilises en interferometrie hertzienne fonctionnant en ondes millimetriques. Cette etude porte sur la realisation des elements suivants: cornets, cornets associes aux lentilles, separateurs de puissance. Etudes des montages permettant les mesures de la constante dielectrique complexe des corps liquides. Ces montages fonctionnent en propagation libre, sur des longueurs d'onde inferieures ou egales a 2 millimetres. Les montages etudies sont: interferometre a deux ondes separees et interferometre du type Michelson. De plus 4 liquides ont ete etudies: {epsilon}'{sub r} octane de -50 a 70 C, {epsilon}'{sub r} et {epsilon}'' [monochlorobenzene a 22,8 C et melange octane avec 10,8 pour cent citral a 22 C, Benzene a 21 C]. Les precisions obtenues sur les mesures sont: {delta}{epsilon}'/{epsilon}' de 1 a 2 pour cent, {delta}{epsilon}''/{epsilon}'' de 4 a 6 pour cent.

Gendered Practices in the Contemporary Workplace: A Critique of What Often Constitutes Front Page News in "The Wall Street Journal."

Science.gov (United States)

Buzzanell, Patrice M.

2001-01-01

Analyzes and critiques a front-page article in the "Wall Street Journal." Finds that, underlying an image of fun and equitable workplace, is a disquieting depiction of adversarial gendered relationships, and of career advice that can damage the competence assessments and long-term advancement of women. (SR)

Validity of the electrical model representation of the effects of nuclear magnetic resonance (1961); Validite de la representation par modele electrique des effets de resonance magnetique nucleaire (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bonnet, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

When studying the behaviour of a magnetic resonance transducer formed by the association of an electrical network and of a set of nuclear spins, it is possible to bring about a representation that is analytically equivalent by means of an entirely electrical model, available for transients as well as steady-state. A detailed study of the validity conditions justifies its use in most cases. Also proposed is a linearity criterion of Bloch's equations in transient state that is simply the prolongation of the well-known condition of non-saturation in the steady-state. (author) [French] L'etude du comportement d'un transducteur a resonance magnetique forme de l'association d'un reseau electrique et d'un ensemble de noyaux dotes de spin, montre qu'il est possible d'en deduire une representation analytiquement equivalente au moyen d'un modele entierement electrique utilisable pour un regime transitoire aussi bien que pour un regime permanent. Une etude detaillee des conditions de validite permet d'en justifier l'emploi dans la majorite des cas. On propose enfin un critere de linearite des equations de Bloch en regime transitoire, qui constitue un prolongement de la condition connue de non-saturation en regime stationnaire. (auteur)

Make me wanna holler: Meshell Ndegeocello, Black queer aesthetics, and feminist critiques.

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, Matt

2014-01-01

This article examines the music and performance of Meshell Ndegeocello, arguing that they are part of a cross-Atlantic conversation that pushes the boundaries of Black feminist thought on masculinity and desire. From the time of her debut album in 1993, Ndegeocello has resisted categorization both in her public personae and in her music. Ndegeocello's refusal to be restricted in her stage performance and in her musical expression has created a rich text through which to read Black female masculinity. Her work has been particularly productive in rethinking (Black) feminist couplings of patriarchy with male anatomy. Ndegeocello's music challenges any one representation of female masculinity, mixing critiques of masculine privilege and violence with celebrations of pleasure and pansexual desire.

Critique of the „official critique” of neoliberal reforms in higher education

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oskar Szwabowski

2013-01-01

Full Text Available In this article I criticise theoretical structure which is employed in critiquesof higher education reforms within the domain of pedagogy. I argue thatcritique of neoliberalism in education doesn’t recognise the dynamics of change and„necessity” of transformation. Both critique and defense of neoliberal reforms donot transcend capitalist „separation” and institutionalization typical of particularorders. In practical terms, it results in reactive resistance, either in the form of defenseof privileges of „leisure class or attempt to brink back the period of „class compromise”.In this way, it is not able to develop a radical practice, transcend „ideologicalstate apparatus” and produce a radical practice as well as education based on democracyand equality.

Beyond the Diversity Crisis Model: Decentralized Diversity Planning and Implementation

Science.gov (United States)

Williams, Damon A.

2008-01-01

This article critiques the diversity crises model of diversity planning in higher education and presents a decentralized diversity planning model. The model is based on interviews with the nation's leading diversity officers, a review of the literature and the authors own experiences leading diversity change initiatives in higher education. The…

Testing structural stability in macroeconometric models

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Boldea, O.; Hall, A.R.; Hashimzade, N.; Thornton, M.A.

2013-01-01

Since the earliest days of macroeconometric analysis, researchers have been concerned about the appropriateness of the assumption that model parameters remain constant over long periods of time; for example see Tinbergen (1939). This concern is also central to the so-called Lucas (1976) critique

Rotational Critique System as a Method of Culture Change in an Architecture Design Studio: Urban Design Studio as Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

Fasli, Mukaddes; Hassanpour, Badiossadat

2017-01-01

In this century, all educational efforts strive to achieve quality assurance standards. Therefore, it will be naive to deny the existence of problems in architectural education. The current design studio critique method has been developed upon generations of students and educators. Architectural education is changing towards educating critical…

Critique and cure: a dream of uniting psychoanalysis and philosophy.

Science.gov (United States)

Webster, Jamieson

2013-06-01

Critical theory, whose aim was to historicize philosophy through integrating it with the social sciences, turned to psychoanalysis to find its way through an accounting of philosophy after the Second World War. Over 50 years after this initial project, the rift between philosophy and psychoanalysis has never been greater. If Jacques Lacan could be considered one of the few psychoanalysts to maintain and foster links to philosophical thought in the latter half of the 20th century, his work has sadly remained marginal in the clinical field throughout America and Europe. Both critical theory and Lacan remain skeptical of the direction taken by psychoanalysis after Freud. Reflecting on the history of these two disciplines, as well as through an examination of Theodor Adorno's posthumously published dream journal, critique and cure emerge as two dialectically intertwined themes that gain momentum in the dream of the unification of the philosophical and psychoanalytic projects.

Race, Gender, and Critique: African-American Women, White Women, and Domestic Violence in the 1980s and 1990s.

Science.gov (United States)

Weis, Lois

2001-01-01

Focusing on young adult working class and poor African American women and white women, who currently live in a largely inhospitable economy, this paper examines where these women lodge social critique (where they place the cause and imagine the remedy for their troubles). Data from indepth interviews indicate that respondents see the world with a…

At the Garden Gate: Community Building through Food--Revisiting the Critique of "Food, Folk and Fun" in Multicultural Education

Science.gov (United States)

Richardson, Troy A.

2011-01-01

This essay takes up a re-evaluation of the ossified view of food events that have circulated in the canonical texts of multicultural education. While agreeing with the critique by progressive multiculturalists against a "touristic" approach to diversity, the author argues that such a conception of food-centered events in schools has obscured how…

Development of an analogue multiplexed regulation for periodic 1. order delayed processes; Etude et realisation d'une regulation analogique multiplexee pour processus aperiodiques du 1. ordre avec retard pur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amblard, J C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-15

The present note deals with the study regulations of the sampled type, for 1. order process with simple delay. In order to obtain a good stability in such regulations, together with acceptable performances, it is interesting to use polynomial type correctors acting directly on the sampled error signals. The active elements of these correctors can be shared by all the channels to be controlled. Furthermore, the determination of the correction parameters results from an optimal study of the system. In the second part is described the construction of a multiplexed regulation for diffusion ovens. (author) [French] La presente note concerne l'etude des regulations de type echantillonne, pour processus du 1. ordre avec retard pur. Pour obtenir une bonne stabilite de telles regulations, ainsi que des performances correcte il est interessant d'utiliser des correcteurs de type polynomial, agissant directement sur les signaux d'erreur echantillonnes. Les elements actifs de ces correcteurs peuvent etre pris communs a toutes les voies a controler. D'autre part, la determination des parametres de correction decoula d'une etude optimale du systeme. Dans une seconde partie on decrit la realisation d'une regulation multiplexee de fours a diffusion. (auteur)

Critiquing bachelor candidates' theses: are the criteria useful?

Science.gov (United States)

Kapborg, I; Berterö, C

2002-06-01

Nursing education programmes should be at an academic level and connected to research. In Sweden, empirical studies are generally required in order to obtain a Bachelor's degree; hence, in some cases, these studies are replaced by a literature review. A study was conducted using 11 criteria. Thirteen theses produced in a department of nursing science were examined, elaborated and reproduced by reviewing international and national literature. Thereafter, the criteria themselves were scrutinized. Principal findings when critiquing the theses were that in eight theses the purpose was dearly identified and well defined in relation to the study accomplished; in three theses the purpose was indistinct and vague; and in two the definitions and research questions were lacking. The topic was relevant for the area of nursing in all theses. General problems identified were poor spelling and grammar, and unsatisfactory thesis structure. This article discusses whether criteria are useful when examining the Bachelor candidates' theses. The authors report that the criteria seemed to be useful, giving some guidance for scrutinizing theses and facilitating correspondence. Criteria could be appropriate guidelines for using to increase the quality of the theses as well as the quality of nursing.

Physiatrie and German maternal feminism: Dr. Anna Fischer-Dückelmann critiques academic medicine.

Science.gov (United States)

Meyer, Paulette

2006-01-01

Alternative medicine and reform strategies made Anna Fischer-Dückelmann a most controversial, notorious, and widely read women doctor before World War I. She published a dozen titles in 13 languages asserting that national well-being depended on maternal prowess. To her critics, Fischer-Dückelmann's commitment to medical self-help and practices of Physiatrie amounted to medical quackery. Her career has been largely unexamined, yet her feminist critiques and social concerns are not far removed from modern social medicine. For this pioneering doctor, treating physical and emotional ills and promoting the health of families were first steps toward healing the divisions of a world at war.

Measurements for uranium-light water subcritical assembly; Mesures pour ensemble sous-critique uranium-eau legere d'enseignement

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barre, J Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The aim of this report is to determine the matter Laplacian of a subcritical assembly, done for educational purposes, using natural uranium combustible and light water for the moderator and the reflector. (M.B.) [French] L'objet de ce rapport est la determination du Laplacien matiere d'un reseau sous-critique, destine a l'enseignement, utilisant comme combustible l'uranium naturel et comme moderateur et reflecteur l'eau naturelle. (M.B.)

A critique of recent models for human error rate assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Apostolakis, G.E.

1988-01-01

This paper critically reviews two groups of models for assessing human error rates under accident conditions. The first group, which includes the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) handbook model and the human cognitive reliability (HCR) model, considers as fundamental the time that is available to the operators to act. The second group, which is represented by the success likelihood index methodology multiattribute utility decomposition (SLIM-MAUD) model, relies on ratings of the human actions with respect to certain qualitative factors and the subsequent derivation of error rates. These models are evaluated with respect to two criteria: the treatment of uncertainties and the internal coherence of the models. In other words, this evaluation focuses primarily on normative aspects of these models. The principal findings are as follows: (1) Both of the time-related models provide human error rates as a function of the available time for action and the prevailing conditions. However, the HCR model ignores the important issue of state-of-knowledge uncertainties, dealing exclusively with stochastic uncertainty, whereas the model presented in the NRC handbook handles both types of uncertainty. (2) SLIM-MAUD provides a highly structured approach for the derivation of human error rates under given conditions. However, the treatment of the weights and ratings in this model is internally inconsistent. (author)

Syntheses and study of pyrrolidinic nitroxide free radicals. Preparation of a nitroxide-type stable bi-radical; Synthese et etudes de radicaux libres nitroxydes pyrrolidiniques. Preparation d'un biradical stable du type nitroxyde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dupeyre, R M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, Laboratoire de chimie organique physique

1967-12-01

Syntheses and study of pyrrolidinic nitroxide free radicals: These radicals are obtained by oxidation, with hydrogen peroxide, of pyrrolidinic amines prepared from triacetonamine by ring contraction. The U. V,, I. R, and E.P.R. spectral characteristics have been determined. The oxidation of these amines with hydrogen peroxide has led also to rupture of the pentagonal ring; some of the decomposition products have been identified. The high chemical stability of the nitroxide group has made it possible to synthesize and study a stable bi-radical. (author) [French] Syntheses et etudes de radicaux libres nitroxydes pyrrolidiniques: Ces radicaux sont obtenus par oxydation l'eau oxygenee d'amines pyrrolidiniques preparees a partir de la triacetonamine par contraction de cycle. Les caracteristiques spectroscopiques ultra-violettes, infra-rouge et resonance paramagnetique sont determinees. Cependant, 1'oxydation de ces amines a l'eau oxygenee a entraine la coupure du cycle pentagonal et identification de certaines substances de decomposition obtenues. La grande stabilite chimique de groupement nitroxyde a permis la synthese et l'etude d'un biradical stable. (auteur)

The relationship between external beam radiotherapy dose and chronic urinary dysfunction - A methodological critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rosewall, Tara; Catton, Charles; Currie, Geoffrey; Bayley, Andrew; Chung, Peter; Wheat, Janelle; Milosevic, Michael

2010-01-01

Purpose: To perform a methodological critique of the literature evaluating the relationship between external beam radiotherapy dose/volume parameters and chronic urinary dysfunction to determine why consistent associations between dose and dysfunction have not been found. Methods and materials: The radiotherapy literature was reviewed using various electronic medical search engines with appropriate keywords and MeSH headings. Inclusion criteria comprised of; English language articles, published between 1999 and June 2009, incorporating megavoltage external beam photons in standard-sized daily fraction. A methodological critique was then performed, evaluating the factors affected in the quantification of radiotherapy dose and chronic urinary dysfunction. Results: Nine of 22 eligible studies successfully identified a clinically and statistically significant relationship between dose and dysfunction. Accurate estimations of external beam radiotherapy dose were compromised by the frequent use of dosimetric variables which are poor surrogates for the dose received by the lower urinary tract tissue and do not incorporate the effect of daily variations in isocentre and bladder position. The precise categorization of chronic urinary dysfunction was obscured by reliance on subjective and aggregated toxicity metrics which vary over time. Conclusions: A high-level evidence-base for the relationship between external beam radiotherapy dose and chronic urinary dysfunction does not currently exist. The quantification of the actual external beam dose delivered to the functionally important tissues using dose accumulation strategies and the use of objective measures of individual manifestations of urinary dysfunction will assist in the identification of robust relationships between dose and urinary dysfunction for application in widespread clinical practice.

SEPA (Service d'etudes, de Procedes et Analyses)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-01-01

The SEPA (Service d'etudes, de Procedes et Analyses), is an engineering department specializing in the analysis and processing of uranium ore. It comes from a long tradition of mining in France that began sixty-five years ago with the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) and that has been carried on by COGEMA and then Areva. SEPA brings a combination of experience and excellence to its activities thanks to its multidisciplinary staff (mineralogists, chemists, mechanical engineers, instrumentation specialists...), who come from diverse cultural backgrounds. Today, the SEPA draws on its wealth of know-how and expertise to devise and develop new methods for processing and valorizing ores everywhere in the world. Its mission is to: - Develop and conduct laboratory tests on methods for processing uranium and other valuable elements such as molybdenum, vanadium, rare earths, niobium, tantalum and thorium; - Analyze ores obtained during prospecting at locations all over the world; -Serve as an advisor in the commissioning of Areva industrial units and ore processing plants; -Perform environmental analyses during the full period of mining operations; -Conduct audits and provide advice on processes and analysis methods; -Carry out research and development in all aspects of minerals treatment (including the filing of patents). The SEPA combines experience, skills and a global approach to technologies used in ore processing. Its role is to continually improve the processes for extracting, processing and valorizing ores while protecting the environment

Study of the tributyl phosphate - 30% dodecane solvent; Etude du solvant phosphate tributylique - 30 % dodecane

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leroy, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses. Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, 92 (France)

1967-07-01

This study, originating mainly from a literature survey, gives the principal chemical and physical features of the tributyl-phosphate (TBP) agent diluted at 30 volumes per cent in dodecane. The mixture is a very commonly used extractant in nuclear fuel processing. In this paper, the main following points are reported: -) the components (TBP and diluents) -) the TBP-diluents systems (non-loaded), -) the TBP-diluents-water systems, -) TBP-diluents-water-nitric acid systems, and -) industrial solvents. (author) [French] Cette etude, d'origine bibliographique, regroupe les caracteristiques physico-chimiques essentielles du phosphate tributylique (TBP) dilue a 30% en volume dans du dodecane. Ce melange constitue un agent d'extraction tres utilise dans le traitement des combustibles nucleaires. Les principaux points traites sont les suivants: -) les constituants (TBP et diluants), -) les systemes TBP-diluants non charges, -) les systemes TBP-diluants-eau, -) les systemes TBP-diluants-eau-acide nitrique, et -) les solvants industriels. (auteur)

Studies of magnetism with inelastic scattering of cold neutrons; Etudes de magnetisme realisees a l'aide de la diffusion inelastique de neutrons froids

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jacrot, B [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

Inelastic scattering of cold neutrons can be used to study some aspects of magnetism: spins waves, exchange integrals, vicinity of Curie point. After description of the experimental set-up, several experiments, in the fields mentioned above, are analysed. (author) [French] La technique de diffusion inelastique des neutrons froids est utilisee pour etudier certains aspects du magnetisme: ondes de spins, integrales d'echange, etude au voisinage du point de Curie, etc. Apres une description de l'appareillage, on analyse diverses experiences effectuees dans les domaines enumeres plus haut. (auteur)

Les métropoles et la nouvelle critique urbaine

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pierre Hamel

2010-07-01

Full Text Available La perspective critique élaborée par Henri Lefebvre demeure pertinente pour penser les rapports sociaux à l’espace, y inclus ceux qu’on observe dans les métropoles contemporaines en Amérique du Nord. En examinant la controverse autour de la forme urbaine telle que celle-ci a été remise à l’ordre du jour dans les années 1990 à la faveur du discours néorégionaliste, ce texte pose la question de l’avenir des métropoles et du modèle de ville dans lequel on souhaite vivre. La thèse défendue peut se résumer comme suit : afin de faire échec à la position libérale qui accorde la préséance aux facteurs économiques et aux forces du marché, les acteurs sociaux doivent porter le débat autour de la forme urbaine sur le terrain politique. À cette fin, l’urgence demeure de mobiliser la communauté politique.Henri Lefebvre’s critical approach remains appropriate for thinking about social relationships to space, including those we can now assess in North American metropolis. Through analyzing the controversy about the urban form as it has been highlighted again during the nineties and favored by the new regionalist discourse, this paper poses the question of the future of metropolis and the posterity of the urban model in which one wishes to live. Its thesis could be summarized like this : in order to make fail the liberal position which privileges to economical factors and market forces, social actors have to orientate the debate about the urban form towards the political field. In such a perspective, the emergency remains to mobilize the polity.

Un-thought out metaphysics in analytical psychology: a critique of Jung's epistemological basis for psychic reality.

Science.gov (United States)

Brooks, Robin McCoy

2011-09-01

The author investigates the relation of Kant, Schopenhauer and Heidegger to Jung's attempts to formulate theory regarding the epistemological conundrum of what can and what cannot be known and what must remain uncertain. Jung's ambivalent use and misuse of Kant's division of the world into phenomenal and noumenal realms is highlighted in discussion of concepts such as the psychoid archetype which he called 'esse in anima' and his use of Schopenhauer's concept of 'will' to justify a transcendence of the psyche/soma divide in a postulation of a 'psychoid' realm. Finally, the author describes Jung's reaction to Heidegger's theories via his assertion that Heidegger's 'pre-given world design' was an alternate formulation of his concept of the archetypes. An underlying theme of the paper is a critique of Jung's foundationalism which perpetuates the myth of an isolated mind. This model of understanding subjectivity is briefly contrasted with Heidegger's 'fundamental ontology' which focuses on a non-Cartesian 'understanding' of the 'presencing of being' in everyday social and historical contexts. © 2011, The Society of Analytical Psychology.

A reassessment of the Hypoglossum group (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), with a critique of its genera

Science.gov (United States)

Wynne, M. J.

1988-09-01

A reassessment of the Hypoglossum group (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta), with a critique of its genera. Eight genera are assigned to the Hypoglossum Kützing, Phitymophora J. Agardh, Pseudobranchioglossum Bodard, and Zellera Martens. The circumscription of the group is emended to include forms with network-forming ( Zellera) an dspirally twisted ( Duckerella) thalli. The definition of the group is lalso modified to include members (e.g. some species of Hypoglossum) in which tetrasporangia are produced by primary cells as in the Caloglossa group. Exogenous branching, a distinguishing feature of the closely related Caloglossa group, never occurs in the Hypoglossum group.

Experimental study of contamination by inhalation of radioactive iodine aerosols. Biological balance; Etude experimentale de la contamination par inhalation d'aerosols d'iode radioactif bilan biologique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marble, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

Several articles have been published concerning research into contamination produced by inhalation of radioactive iodine aerosols in monkeys. Results dealing with the biological balance of this contamination are presented and discussed in this report. (author) [French] L'etude experimentale de la contamination par inhalation d'aerosols d'iode radioactif effectuee chez le singe a fait l'objet de plusieurs publications. Les resultats concernant le bilan biologique de cette contamination sont presentes et discutes dans ce rapport. (auteur)

Studies of iron carbon alloys; Contribution a l'etude des alliages dilues de carbone dans le fer {alpha}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anagnostopoulos, T [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1971-07-01

Precipitation of carbon in {alpha} iron during a thermal treatment was followed using the magnetic after effect. A study was made of the influence of different parameters such as quenching speed, annealing rate, carbon concentration with or without impurity, irradiation effects. A transient sur-saturation occurs during dissolution of carbon in iron at 500 C. (author) [French] La precipitation du carbone dans le fer au cours d'un traitement thermique a ete suivie au moyen du trainage magnetique. L'etude de differents parametres tels que: vitesse de trempe, mode de recuit, concentration en carbone, presence d'impuretes, effet d'une irradiation, ont ete menes a bien. Un phenomene de sursaturation transitoire au cours de la remise en solution a 500 C a ete mis en evidence. (auteur)

On Being Holier-Than-Thou: A Critique of Curry Malott's "Pseudo-Marxism and the Reformist Retreat from Revolution"

Science.gov (United States)

McGrew, Ken

2011-01-01

In the May 2011 edition of this journal, Curry Malott contributed an essay review of Jean Anyon's "Marx and Education" (2011). The author would summarize Mallot's critiques of her book as follows: (1) she didn't write the book that he wanted her to write; (2) she didn't cite the authors that he wanted her to cite; and (3) her work is anti-Marxist…

A study of internal contamination levels resulting from {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs environmental pollution. The influence of different factors; Etude des niveaux de contamination interne resultant d'une pollution de l'environnement par le {sup 90}Sr et le {sup 137}Cs influence des differents parametres

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Garnier, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1970-07-01

This study includes two parts. The purpose of the former one is to try and evaluate the amounts of {sup 90}Sr and {sup 137}Cs dietary intakes as a function of age with a view to assessing internal exposure doses and estimating the critical age, and to study the relative significance of the several factors it depends on. The data used are both the results of dietary surveys made in 11 districts of the European community from which the evolution of the consumed amounts of 13 groups of foodstuffs, as a function of age was derived, and the mean factors of contamination pathways. The variability of some factors is very large and an attempt is made to assess their significance on the whole contamination; also, the influence of the various diets has been emphasized. The purpose of the second part is to assess, doses as a function of age in the case of protracted exposure on the basis of the aforesaid results and radiobiological factors derived from bibliographic states of the arts. An assessment is made of body burdens and mean doses (either to the skeleton or the whole body according to the radionuclides) originating either from a direct unitary exposure or from situations implying both modes of exposure. As assumed only the diets vary with the districts, thus the results reflect their significance which should be corrected, for a more accurate assessment of the dose variability, by the significance of human and transfer factors. (author) [French] Cette etude comprend deux parties. L'objet de la premiere partie est a la fois un essai d'evaluation en fonction de l'age des quantites de strontium 90 et de cesium 137 ingerees avec les aliments dans la perspective d'une application a l'estimation des doses d'irradiation interne et a la recherche de l'age critique, et une etude de l'influence relative des divers parametres dont elle depend. Les donnees utilisees sont, d'une part, les resultats des enquetes alimentaires faites en

Can Religious Expression and Sexual Orientation Affirmation Coexist in Social Work? A Critique of Hodge's Theoretical, Theological, and Conceptual Frameworks

Science.gov (United States)

Dessel, Adrienne; Bolen, Rebecca; Shepardson, Christine

2011-01-01

Social work strives to be inclusive of all cultural groups and religious identities. However, a tension exists in the profession between freedom of religious expression and full acceptance of lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. David Hodge and others claim social work is oppressive to evangelical Christians. This article critiques primarily Hodge's…

The relevance and impact of Ethical Consciousness on Environmental Management in Zambia: A philosophical critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mweshi, John

2004-01-01

This dissertation is informed by the need for adequate ethical consciousness in view of the perceived need for public responsibility, cooperation and participation in ensuring sound environmental management. It investigates and critiques the extent to which an adequate range of ethical principles has been incorporated in Zambia's attempts to address environmental issues.The investigation focused on the role of government policy, education system and the mass media in promoting responsible environmental management and practices by raising environmental ethical consciousness. The study confirmed the preponderance of economic utilitarianism with regard to environmental issues. (author)

Study of beam-plasma interactions in the presence of a magnetic field; Etude d'interactions faisceau-plasma en la presence d'un champ magnetique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Etievant, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-12-15

The instabilities developing in a 'beam-plasma' system and in a 'double-beam' system in the presence of a magnetic field are discussed theoretically starting from the conductivity tensor expression for a multi-beam system. Oblique propagation is taken into account and this leads to the introduction of certain instability mechanisms which would not appear in the case of a propagation which is purely parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field. Two experiments are described: a) Study of the collision of two counterstreaming electron beams: An instability has been observed experimentally which leads to the generation of a stationary cyclotron wave having a frequency of {omega}{sub ce}/2. A description is given of the measurement of the interaction frequency, of the wavelength and of the build-up time of the wave. b) Study of a 'beam-plasma' system: A description is given of the measurement of the spectra of excited waves and of the perturbation of the beam velocity distribution at the plasma-exit. This perturbation is very pronounced when 'plasma-plasma' interaction appears in the system. A study into cyclotron oscillations produced in the plasma by excitation due to the passage of the beam is also described in this report. (author) [French] Les instabilites se developpant dans un systeme 'faisceau-plasma' et dans un systeme 'faisceau-faisceau' en la presence d'un champ magnetique sont discutees theoriquement a partir de l'expression du tenseur de conductivite d'un systeme multi-faisceaux. La propagation oblique est prise en consideration, ce qui introduit certains mecanismes d'instabilite qui n'apparaitraient pas pour une propagation purement parallele ou perpendiculaire au champ magnetique. Deux experiences sont decrites: a) Etude de la collision de deux faisceaux d'electrons: Une instabilite conduisant a la generation d'une onde cyclotronique stationnaire a la frequence {omega}{sub ce}/2 a ete observee experimentalement. Les mesures de la frequence d

Technological study of organic fluids; Etudes technologiques des fluides caloporteurs organique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Leveque, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

Under contract to EURATOM (MM. VAN der VENNE and HANNAERT), the C.E.A. and the Progil Society have collaborated on a technological study of the terphenyls. The results obtained from the radiolysis and pyrolysis of the product OM2 (70 p. 100 m-terphenyl, 25 p. 100 o-terphenyl, 5 p. 100 p-terphenyl) are reported. Using two pile loops at temperatures up to 450 deg. C, a phenomena of accelerated pyrolysis on the radiolized material has been demonstrated. Some by-products of the petroleum industry have also been studied, with a view to finding substitutes for terphenyl. (author) [French] Le C.E.A. et la Societe PROGIL ont entrepris en commun sous contrat EURATOM (MM. VAN der VENNE et HANNAERT) une etude technologique des terphenyles. Les resultats de radiolyse et de pyrolyse obtenus sur le produit OM2 (70 p. 100 m-terphenyle, 25 p. 100 o-terphenyle. 5 p. 100 de p-terphenyle) sont exposes. L'exploitation de deux boucles en pile jusqu'a des temperatures de 450 deg. C a mis en evidence un phenomene de pyrolyse acceleree sur le produit radiolyse. On a etudie egalement quelques sous-produits de l'industrie petroliere dans le but de trouver des substituts au terphenyle. (auteur)

The abject gaze and the homosexual body: Flandrin's Figure d'Etude.

Science.gov (United States)

Camille, M

1994-01-01

This article charts the history of the reception, reproduction and appropriation of a single image that has recently become a kind of "gay icon"--the Figure d'Etude in the Louvre, painted by Hippolyte Flandrin in 1835. Initially no more than a neo-classical academic exercise, the formal emptiness of this picture meant that it could be re-invested and reinscribed with new meanings and new titles at every turn. Emblematic of the anxious visibility/invisibility of the newly discovered homosexual body during a period when the gaze still had to be kept a dark secret, Flandrin's image only "came out" in its later photographic reworkings by Frederick Holland Day and Baron von Gloeden. After being reproduced for a specifically homosexual audience early this century, the popular Romantic pose of the young man curled-up in profile became a standard one, reappearing recently in the photographs of Robert Mapplethorpe. The inactive, abject and inward-turned isolation of the figure with its narcissistic self-absorption makes it, in my view, a profoundly negative stereotype of the gay gaze and the homosexual body. Flandrin's figure nonetheless appears today on gay merchandise world-wide as a sign of our separate and secluded subject positions and our community's unwillingness to radically alter older imposed and inherited classical stereotypes.

Contribution to the study of recoil species produced by potassium ferrocyanide neutron irradiation; Contribution a l'etude de la reactivite des especes de recul dans le ferrocyanure de potassium irradie aux neutrons thermiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Meriadec Vernier de Byans, B. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-04-01

The chemical species produced by potassium ferrocyanide neutron irradiation were separated and identified. The study of their behaviour upon thermal annealing has allowed to establish a scheme of reaction as well as a kinetic treatment of the data. Activation energies are determined in different conditions and the effects of radiation dose, oxygen and water of crystallisation upon the activation energies were studied. Preliminary E.S.R. data and its relevance to the decomposition process is also discussed. (authors) [French] On a separe et identifie les differentes especes chimiques produites par irradiation neutronique de ferrocyanure de potassium. L'etude de leur comportement au cours du recuit thermique a permis l'application de differentes cinetiques et l'etablissement d'un schema de reaction. On a deterrmine la valeur des energies d'activation dans differentes conditions de recuit ainsi que l'influence de la dose de radiations, de l'oxygene et de l'eau de cristallisation sur ces energies. Une serie de mesures de resonance paramagnetique electronique a complete cette etude. (auteurs)

Achievable conservation potential in British Columbia: A review and critique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nyboer, J.; Bailie, A.

1994-01-01

Energy conservation of British Columbia's Hydro Utility is being reviewed after a two phase report (Synergetic Resources Corp'n, (1994a,1994b)). Phase 2 is the centre of the attention for this review and critique. The information gained in the Phase 1 analysis answered what boundaries were achievable for electrical conservation. Phase 2 was to estimate the conservation potential (1) through technological and operating change and (2) through lifestyle changes of individuals and society in general. The study is part of a new, largely unexplored area of research for electricity utilities, promoting and planning for electricity conservation. While it succeeded in considering the effects of various initiatives on consumers' decisions when purchasing and using technologies, it's shortcomings limit its usefulness. The three main shortcomings of BC Hydro's report are (1) lack of relevant information, (2) questions on the methodology, and (3) lack of connection between Part 1 and Part 2. 2 refs

The study of some thiazinic and indaminic dye syntheses induced by ionising radiation; Etude de quelques syntheses de colorants thianziniques et indaminiques amorcees par les rayonnements ionisants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Balestic, S [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-03-15

With a view to finding some radiochemical reactions applicable on an industrial scale for evaluating the radioactive waste from nuclear reactors, a systematic study was made of the radiochemical synthesis of thiazinic dyes such as methylene blue and Lauths' violet, on which the first tests were carried out in 1954. The first part of the study concerned the identification and the dosage, during radiolysis, of dyes by means of their absorption spectra after separation from the reaction medium by adsorption chromatography or ion-exchange; other radiolysis products such as ammonium chloride and hydrogen peroxide were also identified. During a later stage by systematically varying the physico-chemical parameters it was possible to determine the most favourable conditions for radio-synthesis; the maximum radiochemical yields obtained had the following values: G (Lauths' violet) 1,65; G (Methylene blue) = 1,75. Furthermore, the study of the influence of variously substituted aminated products on the radiochemical yield showed the possibility of synthesising Bindsehedlers green and Wursters blue by radiochemical methods. Finally the discovery of a fundamental intermediate product, Wursters red, together with the kinetic study of the chemical synthesis of methylene blue made it possible to determine the main stages of the reaction mechanism and to decide which of these stages could be attributed to ionising radiations in the case of the radiochemical synthesis. (author) [French] Dans le but de trouver des reactions radiochimiques susceptibles d'une application industrielle pour valoriser les dechets radioactifs provenant des reacteurs nucleaires, il a ete entrepris une etude systematique de la synthese radiochimique des colorants thiazimiques tels que le Bleu de Methylene et le Violet de Lauth dont les premiers essais ont ete effectues par Loiseleur en 1954. La premiere partie de l'etude a porte sur l'identification et le dosage des colorants formes au cours de la radiolyse

La théorie du 0 %. Petite étude critique de la critique en bande dessinée

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Philippe Martin

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Si la naissance de la bande dessinée s’accompagne d’une théorisation à travers les travaux d’un Töpffer cherchant à circonscrire l'ensemble des possibles qui s'offrent à lui, force est de constater que la veine va bien vite se tarir. Rapidement exclue du champ critique, la bande dessinée semble ne bénéficier d'aucune analyse sérieuse qui soit de nature à lui forger des repères. L'Histoire montre que c'est de manière empirique qu'elle a travaillé sa substance, parfois avec génie (McCay, Hergé… souvent sans âme, à l’exception de quelques tentatives que le présent article entend présenter.If the birth of comic strips is accompanied by a theorical effort through the work of a Töpffer seeking to circumscribe all possible available to them, it is clear that the vein will soon dry up. Quickly removed from the critical field, the comic seems to benefit from any serious analysis that could help authors and readers in their practises. Through History, Comics has worked empirically it its substance, sometimes with genius (McCay, Hergé ... often soulless, with the exception of some attempts that this article intends to present.

F{sup 19} relaxation in non-magnetic hexafluorides; Contribution a l'etude de la relaxation des fluors dans les hexafluorures non magnetiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rigny, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-12-01

The interesting properties of the fluorine magnetic resonance in the hexafluorides of molybdenum, tungsten and uranium, are very much due to large anisotropies of the chemical shift tensors. In the solid phases these anisotropies, the values of which are deduced from line shape studies, allow one to show that the molecules undergo hindered rotations about the metal atom. The temperature and frequency dependence of the fluorine longitudinal relaxation times shows that the relaxation is due to the molecular motion. The dynamical parameters of this motion are then deduced from the complete study of the fluorine relaxation in the rotating frame. In the liquid phases, the existence of anisotropies allows an estimation of the different contributions to the relaxation. In particular, the frequency and temperature dependence of the relaxation shows it to be dominated by the spin-rotation interaction. We have shown that the strength of this interaction can be deduced from the chemical shifts, and the angle through which the molecule rotates quasi-freely can be determined. In the hexafluorides, this angle is roughly one radian at 70 C, and with the help of this value, the friction coefficients which describe the intermolecular interactions are discussed. (author) [French] Les proprietes de la resonance magnetique des fluors dans les hexafluorures de molybdene, tungstene et uranium sont influencees par l'existence de deplacements chimiques tres anisotropes. Dans les phases solides, la valeur de cette anisotropie peut etre determinee par l'analyse des formes de raies et son existence permet de montrer que les molecules sont en rotation empechee autour de leur atome central. L'etude du temps de relaxation longitudinal en fonction de la temperature et de la frequence montre que la relaxation est due aux mouvements moleculaires, aux plus hautes temperatures. Les proprietes dynamiques du mouvement sont obtenues par l'etude complete de la relaxation spin-reseau dans le referentiel

Theoretical, physical and experimental study of fissile aqueous media; Etudes theorique, physique et experimentale des milieux fissiles aqueux

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caizergues, R. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-04-01

This thesis consists of a set of theoretical and experimental studies. a) Theoretical calculation methods used for cross-sections and the critical parameters; b) Comparison of the theoretical and experimental results: it is shown that the agreement between these results cannot be improved above a certain limit because of the accuracy with which are known the composition and the dimensions of the media and the microscopic cross-sections; c) Determination of the ratios {eta}{sup 9}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar, {eta}{sup 3}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar for fissile aqueous media ({eta}-bar: number of neutrons emitted per neutron absorbed, averaged over the reactor neutron spectrum). Evaluation of the accuracy to which these ratios are known; d) Effect of {sup 240}Pu: the measurements are carried out on Pu with a {sup 240}Pu content of 1.5 per cent, 3.11 per cent and 9.95 per cent; Calculation of the resonance integral I240 using the experimental results gives values in reasonable agreement with the results obtained by other more conventional methods. e) Measurement of the spectrum indices for aqueous media containing Pu, U5 and U3. With these latter it is possible to obtain mean fission cross-section ratios {sigma}f239-bar / {sigma}f235-bar for these different spectra. A calculation-experiment comparison is carried out using various theoretical methods. (author) [French] Cette these groupe un ensemble d'etudes theoriques et experimentales. a) Methodes theoriques de calcul utilisees pour les sections efficaces et les parametres critiques; b) Comparaisons des resultats theoriques et experimentaux: on montre que l'accord entre ces resultats ne peut etre ameliore au-dela de certaines limites vu la precision avec laquelle sont connues la composition et les dimensions des milieux et les sections efficaces macroscopiques; c) Determination des rapports {eta}{sup 9}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar, {eta}{sup 3}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar pour les milieux fissiles aqueux ({eta}: nombre de

Theoretical, physical and experimental study of fissile aqueous media; Etudes theorique, physique et experimentale des milieux fissiles aqueux

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Caizergues, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-04-01

This thesis consists of a set of theoretical and experimental studies. a) Theoretical calculation methods used for cross-sections and the critical parameters; b) Comparison of the theoretical and experimental results: it is shown that the agreement between these results cannot be improved above a certain limit because of the accuracy with which are known the composition and the dimensions of the media and the microscopic cross-sections; c) Determination of the ratios {eta}{sup 9}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar, {eta}{sup 3}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar for fissile aqueous media ({eta}-bar: number of neutrons emitted per neutron absorbed, averaged over the reactor neutron spectrum). Evaluation of the accuracy to which these ratios are known; d) Effect of {sup 240}Pu: the measurements are carried out on Pu with a {sup 240}Pu content of 1.5 per cent, 3.11 per cent and 9.95 per cent; Calculation of the resonance integral I240 using the experimental results gives values in reasonable agreement with the results obtained by other more conventional methods. e) Measurement of the spectrum indices for aqueous media containing Pu, U5 and U3. With these latter it is possible to obtain mean fission cross-section ratios {sigma}f239-bar / {sigma}f235-bar for these different spectra. A calculation-experiment comparison is carried out using various theoretical methods. (author) [French] Cette these groupe un ensemble d'etudes theoriques et experimentales. a) Methodes theoriques de calcul utilisees pour les sections efficaces et les parametres critiques; b) Comparaisons des resultats theoriques et experimentaux: on montre que l'accord entre ces resultats ne peut etre ameliore au-dela de certaines limites vu la precision avec laquelle sont connues la composition et les dimensions des milieux et les sections efficaces macroscopiques; c) Determination des rapports {eta}{sup 9}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar, {eta}{sup 3}-bar / {eta}{sup 5}-bar pour les milieux fissiles aqueux ({eta}: nombre de neutrons emis

Study of gamma radiation between 0.1 and 1.0 MeV in the earth's atmosphere; Etude du rayonnement gamma entre 0,1 et 1 Mev dans l'atmosphere terrestre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boclet, D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-01-01

The present work is devoted to some of the particular problems arising in the detection and localisation of sources of gamma radiation situated outside the earth's atmosphere. These weak sources can only be detected and localized if care is taken to eliminate gamma and particle radiations coming from other sources in the earth's atmosphere and in space. In order to separate the various sources of background noise, generally much stronger than the radiation under study, use is made of a directional detector whose characteristics are determined as described in the first part of the following report. The closest diffuse source considered is that constituted by the earth's atmosphere. Its detailed study will make it possible both to eliminate its effect when sources outside the earth are to be measured, and to predict the amount of secondary gamma radiation emitted by the same process in other celestial bodies, the moon in particular. This work considered in the 2. and 3. parts of the report. (author) [French] La presente etude est consacree a certains des problemes particuliers poses par la detection et la localisation des sources de rayonnement gamma situees hors de l'atmosphere terrestre. Ces sources faibles ne peuvent etre detectees et localisees que si l'on se protege des rayonnements gamma et particulaires provenant d'autres sources situees dans l'atmosphere terrestre et dans l'espace. Pour separer ces divers composants parasites, en general beaucoup plus intenses que le rayonnement a etudier, nous emploierons un detecteur directif dont nous determinons les caracteristiques dans la premiere partie de l'expose qui suit. La source diffuse la plus proche que nous considerons comme parasite est constituee par l'atmosphere terrestre. Son etude detaillee nous permettra d'une part de nous en proteger lorsque nous voudrons etudier les sources {gamma} extra-terrestres, d'autre part de prevoir le rayonnement gamma secondaire emis par le meme processus pour les autres corps

A Model of an Expanded-Frame Hypermedia Knowledge-Base for Instruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Lacy, Mark J.; Wood, R. Kent

1993-01-01

Argues that current computer-based instruction does not exploit the instructional possibilities of computers. Critiques current models of computer-based instruction: behaviorist as too linear and constructivist as too unstructured. Offers a design model of Expanded-frame Hypermedia Knowledge-bases as an instructional approach allowing hypermedia…

Study of cerenkov radiation. Production of {gamma} rays by electron accelerators; Etude du rayonnement de freinage. Production de rayons {gamma} par des accelerateurs d'electrons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernard, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

This study is a critical comparison of the theories of Bremsstrahlung. Experimental results obtained by the production of {gamma} radiation with electron accelerators are compared to the theoretical results in order to estimate the extent to which the various theories are valid. (author) [French] Cette etude est une synthese des theories du rayonnement de freinage. Des resultats experimentaux, obtenus par la production de rayonnements {gamma} avec des accelerateurs d'electrons, sont compares aux resultats theoriques afin d'evaluer les domaines de validite des diverses theories. (auteur)

Computer models of vocal tract evolution: an overview and critique

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Boer, B.; Fitch, W. T.

2010-01-01

Human speech has been investigated with computer models since the invention of digital computers, and models of the evolution of speech first appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Speech science and computer models have a long shared history because speech is a physical signal and can be

Solidification of residual fission-product solutions; laboratory studies; Solidification de solutions residuaires concentrees de produits de fission: etudes de laboratoire

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boniaud, R; Cohen, P; Sombret, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

This paper describes the results obtained, at laboratory scale, during the study of the incorporation of fission products into glasses and synthetic micas. The rate of leaching of fission products from the glass and their volatility during firing were measured. A hot cell was built to complete these results. (author) [French] Ce rapport resume le resultat des etudes faites en laboratoire (activite de l'ordre du millicurie) sur l'incorporation des produits de fission dans des verres et micas synthetiques. On a mesure le taux de lixiviation des produits de fission et leur volatilisation au cours de la cuisson. Une cellule chaude a ete installee pour completer ces resultats au moyen d'essais realises avec une activite superieure. (auteur)

Critique of a pion exchange model for interquark forces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isgur, Nathan

2000-01-01

I describe four serious defects of a widely discussed pion exchange model for interquark forces: it does not solve the ''spin-orbit problem'' as advertised, it fails to describe the internal structure of baryon resonances, it leads to disastrous conclusions when extended to mesons, and it is not reasonably connected to the physics of heavy-light systems. While extensions of the original pion exchange model may be able to correct these defects, this catalogue of criticisms defines some of the most formidable problems such elaborations must address. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society

Doctors, apologies, and the law: an analysis and critique of apology laws.

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Marlynn

2007-01-01

This Article analyzes and critiques apology laws, their potential use, and effectiveness, both legally and ethically, in light of the strong professional norms that shape physicians' reaction to medical errors. Physicians are largely reluctant to disclose medical errors to patients, patients' families, and even other physicians. Some states have passed so-called apology laws in order to encourage physicians to disclose medical errors to patients. Apology laws allow defendants to exclude statements of sympathy made after accidents from evidence in a liability lawsuit. This Article examines potential barriers to physicians' disclosure of medical mistakes and demonstrates how the underlying problem may actually be rooted in professional norms-norms that will remain outside the scope of law's influence. The Article also considers other legal and policy changes that could help to encourage disclosure.

Initiation of detonation by impact on granular explosives; Contribution a l'etude de la generation de la detonation provoquee par impact sur un explosif

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bernier, H [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-05-15

A good number of experiments have shown up the particular behaviour of granular explosives when they are detonated by barrier transmitted shocks. Similar results can be obtained when the shock is induced by impact. In this case the pressure signal shape applied at the explosive is better known and both its intensity and duration can be varied. By using a mathematical model in which the law of chemical kinetics is a linear function of pressure, and different temperatures are used for solids and gases, it is possible to describe most of the behaviour of detonation initiation in solid granular explosives. (author) [French] De nombreuses etudes experimentales ont montre le comportement particulier des explosifs granulaires lors de la detonation provoquee par choc transmis a travers une barriere. Les memes resultats peuvent etre obtenus lorsque la detonation est engendree par impact. Dans ce cas, la forme du signal de pression induit dans l'explosif est mieux connue, et il est possible d'en faire varier l'intensite et la duree d'application. Un modele mathematique utilisant une loi de cinetique chimique fonction lineaire de la pression et ou les temperatures des etats solide et gazeux pendant la reaction sont differenciees, permet de retrouver la plupart des caracteres specifiques de la generation dans un explosif solide granulaire. (auteur)

A Geospatial Online Instruction Model

OpenAIRE

Athena OWEN-NAGEL; John C. RODGERS III; Shrinidhi AMBINAKUDIGE

2012-01-01

The objective of this study is to present a pedagogical model for teaching geospatial courses through an online format and to critique the model’s effectiveness. Offering geospatial courses through an online format provides avenues to a wider student population, many of whom are not able to take traditional on-campus courses. Yet internet-based teaching effectiveness has not yet been clearly demonstrated for geospatial courses. The pedagogical model implemented in this study heavily utilizes ...

Study of a photomultiplier for the measurement of low light flows by photon counting; Etude d'un photomultiplicateur en vue de la mesure des faibles flux lumineux par comptage de photons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haye, Kleber

1964-03-20

After a recall of the history of the discovery and use of the photoemission effect, a presentation of the main characteristics of photomultipliers, a discussion of performance and weaknesses of electron multiplier-based cells, this research thesis addresses the study of low light flows. The author tried to determine whether it was possible, at ambient temperature, to reduce the influence of the thermoelectric effect. In order to do so, he made a detailed study of the amplitude spectrum of pulses of photoelectric origin. In order to analyse the influence of temperature of photomultiplier characteristics, he studied, with respect to temperature, the variation of the counting rate corresponding to darkness, the variation of pulse amplitude spectrum, and relative variations of the quantum efficiency for various wavelengths. In parallel with the study by counting, a study has been performed by using the well known mean current measurement [French] Si l'on veut etudier de faibles flux lumineux, c'est surtout l'effet thermoelectronique qui limite a temperature ambiante le domaine possible des mesures. Les electrons qui arrivent en effet a quitter la photocathode ou les dynodes donnent naissance a des groupes supplementaires d'electrons venant s'ajouter a ceux causes par effet photoelectrique. En utilisant une methode de mesure par comptage des groupes d'electrons, nous nous sommes attaches a determiner s'il etait possible a temperature ordinaire de reduire 1'influence de l'effet thermoelectronique. Pour cela, nous avons fait une etude detaillee du spectre d'amplitude des impulsions d'origine photoelectrique. Toutefois, la solution la plus efficace pour combattre l'effet thermoelectronique etant le refroidissement, nous avons essaye d'analyser l'influence de la temperature sur les caracteristiques du photomultiplicateur. Nous avons ainsi etudie en fonction de la temperature la variation du taux de comptage correspondant a l'obscurite, la variation du spectre d

Critical experiments and nuclear calculations - LAMPRE-I; Experiences critiques et calculs nucleaires concernant le LAMPRE-I; Kriticheskie opyty i yadernye raschety - LAMPRE-I; Experimentos criticos u calculos nucleares relativos al LAMPRE-I

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Battat, M E [Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, NM (United States)

1962-03-15

As part of a programme to develop plutonium fuels for fast-breeder reactors, the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory has constructed and is operating a 1-MW sodium-cooled test reactor whose core contains a molten alloy of plutonium andiron (90 at. % Pu, 10 at. % Fe, m.p. 410 deg. C). Reactivity control is provided by the use of a stainless-steel reflector and four nickel control-rods located external to the core. Experiments have been performed at core temperatures (isothermal) of 80, 160 and 480 deg. C to determine critical mass and reflector worth at each of these temperatures. Control-rod worths, from period measurements, and temperature coefficient of reactivity were also measured. Calculations have been made, using the S{sub n} method for solving the neutron transport problem, to determine the basic nuclear parameters of the system. The comparison between calculated and measured values of parameters such as temperature coefficient, control-element worths, and critical mass is also of interest in evaluating the reliability of the design calculations. (author) [French] Un reacteur d'essais de 1 MW refroidi au sodium, dont le coeur contient un alliage fondu de plutonium et defer (90 at. % Pu, 10 at. % Fe, p. f. 410 deg. C), a ete construit et est en fonctionnement au Laboratoire scientifique de Los Alamos, dans le cadre d'un programme d'etudes sur les combustibles au plutonium pour reacteurs surgenerateurs a neutrons rapides. Le controle de la reactivite est assure au moyen d'un reflecteur en acier inoxydable et de quatre barres de controle en nickel, a l'exterieur du coeur. On a fait des experiences a des temperatures du coeur de 80, 160 et 480 deg. C afin de determiner la masse critique et la quantite de reflecteur qui correspond a chacune de ces temperatures. On a aussi mesure l'efficacite des barres de controle, a partir de mesures de periode, ainsi que le coefficient thermique de reactivite. Afin de determiner les parametres nucleaires de base du reacteur, on a

Contribution to the development of a gamma radiation camera for use in scintigraphy; Contribution a l'etude et a la realisation d'une camera a rayonnement gamma en vue d'une application a la scintigraphie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Felix, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-10-01

This report constitutes an attempt to study systematically the properties of the detection head of a multichannel collimating grid camera. The object has been to show the disadvantages of present equipment, and to propose possible solutions for overcoming them: firstly by improving the methods used for collecting data, and the performances of the equipment doing the collecting; secondly by devising methods for processing the data so as to reduce image distortion and, first of all, the astigmatism due to the collimator. The first part deals with the study of the formation of the image by means of the collimating grid, the second with the examination of many systems which could be used for acquiring data. The last part summarizes the experiments carried out and proposes an experimental programme for the development of a prototype. (author) [French] Ce rapport constitue une tentative d'etude systematique des proprietes de la tete de detection d'une camera a grille collimatrice multicanal. Le but de cette etude est de souligner les inconvenients des dispositifs actuels et d'esquisser des solutions propres a y remedier: premierement, par l'amelioration du mode d'acquisition des donnees et des performances du sous-ensemble charge de cette acquisition; deuxiemement, par la recherche de methodes de traitement des donnees propres a reduire les distorsions de l'image et en premier lieu l'astigmatisme du au collimateur. La premiere partie en est devolue a l'etude de la formation de l'image par l'intermediaire de la grille collimatrice, la seconde a l'examen de nombreux systemes utilisables pour l'acquisition des donnees. La derniere partie resume les experiences effectuees et propose un programme de manipulations utiles a l'elaboration d'un prototype d'appareil. (auteur)

Use of radioactive tracers in studying the transport of solids in watercourses; Emploi de traceurs radioactifs pour l'etude du transport solide dans les cours d'eau; Ispol'zovanie radioaktivnykh indikatorov dlya izucheniya peremeshcheniya tverdykh chastits v vodnykh potokakh; Empleo de indicadores radiactivos para el estudio del transporte de solidos en las corrientes de agua

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Courtois, G [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Jaeery, P; Heuzel, M [Laboratoire National d' Hydraulique de Chatou (France)

1962-01-15

The National Hydraulics Laboratory which, in collaboration with the Saclay Nuclear Research Centre, has for several years been devising equipment and techniques for the study of sediment movements by the radioactive tracer method, is now endeavouring to develop a really quantitative method of research. Two river experiments were recently made, the first a study of shingle drifting in the Rhone, the second a study of sand movement in the Niger. The latter experiment was matched by identical experiments carried out on a scale model of the River Niger which the Chatou Laboratory has at its disposal. The experiments used Mn{sup 56} and Na{sup 24} radiation obtained by direct activation of crushed apricot stone, this representing in the scale model the natural sediment of the Niger bed. The Chatou Laboratory and the Saclay Nuclear Study Centre are at present both devoting attention to the application of radioactive tracers in studies with scale models, with the twin aims of: (a) Obtaining a single research tool for use under natural conditions and with scale models in order to gauge the trustworthiness of the model, in the calibration testing stage; (b) Taking advantage of the facilities for direct observation and measurement offered by scale models in order to study prospects of improving the tracer method, with a view particularly to securing quantitative data. (author) [French] Le Laboratoire national d'hydraulique, qui depuis quelques annees a developpe, en collaboration avec le Centre d'etudes nucleaires de Saclay, les appareillages et les techniques d'etudes des mouvements de sediments par la methode des traceurs radioactifs, s'efforce actuellement de mettre au point un moyen d'investigation veritablement quantitatif. Deux experiences ont ete effectuees recemment en riviere, la premiere a ete consacree a l'etude du charriage des galets dans le Rhone, l'autre a l'etude des transports de sables dans le Niger. Cette derniere experience a ete doublee d

MASURCA, a Fast-Neutron Critical Mock-Up: Operation and Uses; MASURCA. Maquette Critique a Neutrons Rapides. Description Fonctionnelle et Obiectifs; ''MAZURKA'' - kriticheskaya model' na bystrykh nejtronakh. funktsional'noe opisanie i tseli; Descripcion Funcional y Objetivos de la Maqueta Critica de Neutrones Rapidos 'MASURCA '

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Schmitt, A. P.; Storrer, F.; Vendryes, G. [Association CEA-EURATOM, Cadarache (France); Tavernier, G.; Van Dievoet, J. [Societe Belgo-Nucleaire, Bruxelles (Belgium)

1964-02-15

describes how the facility works. Reference is made to the possibility of simulating fast reactor oxide cores (by using ferrous oxide elements to introduce oxygen) and carbide cores (by using graphite elements). The paper also discusses the mixed loading technique which will have to be used in view of the amounts of plutonium available for such experiments during the present decade, and the techniques which will be used to determine the basic neutron parameters. The place of this critical mock-up in the general basic physics research of fast neutron reactor development is indicated: the experimental means involved include a Harmonie reactor source, to serve in developing measuring techniques and providing data for exponential experiments, and accelerators serving as static and dynamic neutron sources for subcritical experiments with fast neutrons. (author) [French] Dans le cadre de l'Association EURATOM-CEA, on construit actuellement au Centre d'etudes nucleaires de Cadarache une maquette critique a neutrons rapides appelee 'Masurca'. Cette machine d'une grande souplesse est essentiellement destinee a faire des etudes sur des assemblages critique, non ralentis, au plutonium, de grand volume ayant donc un spectre neutronique relativement mou. Les buts de ces etudes sont developpes dans le memoire. Pour mener a bien ces travaux, une machine de ce genre doit satisfaire a un certain nombre de conditions: essentiellement, elle doit associer a une grande souplesse d'utilisation une securite de fonctionnement quasi absolue. Ce probleme de securite a ete resolu par: 1. Une recherche de securite intrinseque, les elements de simulation du combustible permettant d'obtenir a) un coefficient de reactivite negatif du a la dilatation longitudinale cumulative de ces elements et b) un coefficient Doppler negatif; 2. L'utilisation d'un jeu de barres de controle de securite et de compensation. Ces barres peuvent se placer suivant un reseau carre de 30 cm de pas environ; 3. Uneenceinte etanche

Scalable Topic Modeling: Online Learning, Diagnostics, and Recommendation

Science.gov (United States)

2017-03-01

problem of estimating the conditional distribution is a well-defined mathematical problem. Model checking and application again requires the domain...Critique, Repeat: Data Analysis with Latent Variable Models. Annual Review of Statistics and Its Application , 1 203–232, 2014. 2. S. Gershman, D. Blei, K...central statistical and computational problem. 3. With the results of inference, we use our model to form predictions about the future, explore the data, or

The Economic Rationality of "Doing Good to Do Well" and Three Critiques, 1990 to the Present

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Christian O.

2017-01-01

of justification and excitement for participants in the capitalist market system, and as it provides answers to critiques increasingly directed against global capitalism since the 1990s. I propose to subsume these tendencies under the heading of ‘civic capitalism’, as the central idea is that corporations can...... inquiry into the relationship between the rhetoric of corporations and their practice, asking whether corporations actually ‘practice what they preach’. Second, an ‘ethical check’: critics can ask which kinds of ethics are typically assumed in mainstream CSR or e.g. corporate philanthropy. From...

Learning the ShamWow: Creating Infomercials to Teach the AIDA Model

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Seung Hwan; Hoffman, K. Douglas

2015-01-01

The AIDA Model (Attention-Interest-Desire-Action) is one of the classical promotional theories in marketing. Through active-learning techniques and peer critiques, we use infomercials as an innovative educational tool to instruct the four components of the AIDA model. Student evaluations regarding this active-learning assignment reveal that the…

'Trick', 'manipulation' and 'farce': Albert Moll's critique of occultism.

Science.gov (United States)

Wolffram, Heather

2012-04-01

In July 1925, the psychiatrist Albert Moll appeared before the district court in Berlin-Schöneberg charged with having defamed the medium Maria Vollhardt (alias Rudloff) in his 1924 book Der Spiritismus [Spiritism]. Supported by some of Berlin's most prominent occultists, the plaintiff--the medium's husband--argued that Moll's use of terms such as 'trick', 'manipulation' and 'farce' in reference to Vollhardt's phenomena had been libellous. In the three-part trial that followed, however, Moll's putative affront to the medium--of which he was eventually acquitted--was overshadowed, on the one hand, by a debate over the scientific status of parapsychology, and on the other, by the question of who--parapsychologists, occultists, psychiatrists or jurists--was entitled to claim epistemic authority over the occult. This paper will use the Rudloff-Moll trial as a means of examining Moll's critique of occultism, not only as it stood in the mid-1920s, but also as it had developed since the 1880s. It will also provide insight into the views of Germany's occultists and parapsychologists, who argued that their legitimate bid for scientific credibility was hindered by Dunkelmänner [obscurantists] such as Albert Moll.

Socializing the public: invoking Hannah Arendt's critique of modernity to evaluate reproductive technologies.

Science.gov (United States)

Sperling, Daniel

2012-02-01

The article examines the writings of one of the most influential political philosophers, Hannah Arendt, and specifically focuses on her views regarding the distinction between the private and the public and the transformation of the public to the social by modernity. Arendt's theory of human activity and critique of modernity are explored to critically evaluate the social contributions and implications of reproductive technologies especially where the use of such technologies is most dominant within Western societies. Focusing on empirical studies on new reproductive technologies in Israel, it is argued, powerfully demonstrates Arendt's theory, and broadens the perspectives through which society should evaluate these new technologies towards a more reflective understanding of its current laws and policies and their affect on women more generally.

Study of copper fluorination; Contribution a l'etude de la fluoruration du cuivre

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gillardeau, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-02-01

This report deals with the action of fluorine on copper. Comprehensive descriptions are given of the particular technological methods and of the preparation of the reactants. This fluorination reaction has been studied at medium and low fluorine pressures. A nucleation and growth phenomenon is described. The influence of a pollution of the gas phase on the fluorination process is described. The solid-state reaction between cupric fluoride and cooper has also been studied. A special study has been made of the growth of copper deposits by thermal decomposition of gaseous fluorides. (author) [French] Ce rapport traite de la reaction du fluor sur le cuivre. Les methodes technologiques particulieres ainsi que les preparations des reactifs sont largement developpees. Cette reaction de fluoruration est etudiee sous pressions moyennes et sous basses pressions de fluor. Un phenomene de germination et croissance est decrit. L'influence de la pollution de la phase gazeuse sur le processus de fluoruration est rapportee. La reaction a l'etat solide du fluorure cuivrique sur le cuivre a egalement ete etudiee. La croissance de depots de cuivre par decomposition thermique des fluorures de cuivre gazeux fait l'objet d'une etude speciale. (auteur)

Some ways for the investigation of the solar modulation of cosmic electrons; Moyens d'etude de la modulation solaire des electrons cosmiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mercier, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1969-07-01

In this report, we are investigating the solar modulation of cosmic electrons, in different ways. By comparing the calculated intensity with the measured intensity of positrons, we can evaluate the solar modulation of positrons, hence the modulation of negatons, since the modulation of negatons is probably the same that for positrons. By comparing the electron spectrum in interstellar space needed to explain the galactic background radio emission with that observed near the earth, we can deduce information about the modulation of electrons. We can investigate the modulation through the observation of its variations during the solar cycle. This different ways lead us to compatible results. In spite of the fact that the precision of the experimental data is poor, the modulation can be represented by: a constant or a form in exp(- K/Ro{beta}) under the rigidity Ro {approx_equal} 0,5 BV; a form in exp(- K/R) or exp(- K/R{beta}) above this rigidity. In addition, the investigation of both electrons and protons displays that the diffusion-convection theory is inadequate to explain all the features of the solar modulation. (author) [French] Dans le present rapport, nous etudions la modulation solaire des electrons cosmiques a l'aide de plusieurs methodes. Par comparaison entre l'intensite calculee et l'intensite mesuree des positons, on peut evaluer la modulation solaire des positons, et aussi des negatons, puisque la modulation des negatons est probablement la meme que celle des positons. Par le calcul, a partir du bruit de fond radio, du flux des electrons a l'exterieur du systeme solaire et sa confrontation avec le flux observe a l'orbite de la Terre permet l'etude de la modulation solaire des electrons. On peut aussi analyser ce phenomene de modulation pour l'etude de ses variations au cours du cycle solaire. Ces diverses methodes donnent des resultats compatibles. En depit de la precision mediocre des donnees experimentales, on peut caracteriser la modulation par: une

Mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the Oligocene sedimentary series of Saint-Agoulin; Etude mineralogique et geochimique de la serie sedimentaire oligocene de Saint-Agoulin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohadjer, K [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires, direction des productions; Faculte des Sciences de l' Universite de Paris, 75 (France)

1967-07-05

The mineralogical investigation is based on determination of the amounts of quartz, clays, feldspars and on grain size analysis. A distinction was established between two lithological groups: the lower group with dominant silica the upper with dominant carbonates. Clays of the two groups are comparable with dominant illite, and accessory kaolinite and montmorillonite. The amounts of the elements Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, Mn, P, Ba, Sr, Rb, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, V, Be, B, Zr, U, were determined by several analytical methods: chemistry, X ray fluorescence, spectrography and fluorimetry. Correlations between the chemical elements and the mineralogical components were computed and plotted. Lastly the conditions of filling up of the basin are defined, taking into account the Oligocene climatic conditions. (author) [French] L'etude mineralogique est basee sur les dosages du quartz, de la calcite, des argiles, des feldspaths et sur les granulometries. On a distingue 2 familles lithologiques: l'une riche en quartz dans la partie inferieure, l'autre riche en carbonate dans la partie superieure. Les argiles des 2 familles sont comparables: illite predominante, kaolinite et montmorillonite accessoires. Les elements: Si, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Ti, Mn, P, Ba, Sr, Rb, Pb, Cu, Ni, Co, V, Be, B, Zr, U, ont ete doses par differentes methodes d'analyse: analyse chimique, fluorescence X, spectrographie et fluorimetrie. Une etude de correlation entre les elements chimiques et les constituants mineralogiques a ete realisee. Enfin, les conditions de remplissage du Bassin sont definies, en tenant compte du contexte climatique oligocene. (auteur)

A study of uranium-thorium mixed lattices; Etude de reseaux mixtes uranium - thorium

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bacher, P; Eckert, R; Mazancourt, R de [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1957-07-01

Some subcritical experiments have been carried out during the charging of the pile G1 by introducing thorium bars in a regular lattice into the pile. The spreading out of these experiments over a period of three months has permitted: a) work on a pile gradually increasing in size and b) measurements on comparable charges in so far that they have either the same number of bars of thorium, or the same concentration of thorium. From the measurements at constant charge and at constant concentration, it is possible by extrapolation to determine the critical charges and concentrations. The values obtained have showed that the material Laplacian of the lattice depends linearly on the thorium concentration and must cancel out for a concentration T = 8.8 {+-} 0.3 per cent by volume. These results have been found, to a very good approximation, by a simple calculation. (author) [French] Des experiences sous-critiques ont ete effectuees au cours du chargement de la pile G1 en introduisant des barres de thorium reparties suivant un reseau regulier dans la pile. L'etalement de ces experiences sur trois mois a permis d'operer sur une pile de plus en plus grosse et de faire un grand nombre de mesures sur des chargements comparables par le fait qu'ils avaient soit le meme nombre de barres de thorium, soit la meme concentration en thorium. A partir des mesures a chargement constant et a concentration constante, il a ete possible de determiner par extrapolation les chargements et concentrations critiques. Les valeurs obtenues ont montre que le laplacien matiere moyen du reseau dependait lineairement de la concentration en thorium, et devrait s'annuler pour une concentration T = 8,8 {+-} 0,3% en volume. Ces resultats ont ete retrouves avec une tres bonne approximation par un calcul elementaire. (auteur)

Development of an analogue multiplexed regulation for periodic 1. order delayed processes; Etude et realisation d'une regulation analogique multiplexee pour processus aperiodiques du 1. ordre avec retard pur

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Amblard, J.C. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-15

The present note deals with the study regulations of the sampled type, for 1. order process with simple delay. In order to obtain a good stability in such regulations, together with acceptable performances, it is interesting to use polynomial type correctors acting directly on the sampled error signals. The active elements of these correctors can be shared by all the channels to be controlled. Furthermore, the determination of the correction parameters results from an optimal study of the system. In the second part is described the construction of a multiplexed regulation for diffusion ovens. (author) [French] La presente note concerne l'etude des regulations de type echantillonne, pour processus du 1. ordre avec retard pur. Pour obtenir une bonne stabilite de telles regulations, ainsi que des performances correcte il est interessant d'utiliser des correcteurs de type polynomial, agissant directement sur les signaux d'erreur echantillonnes. Les elements actifs de ces correcteurs peuvent etre pris communs a toutes les voies a controler. D'autre part, la determination des parametres de correction decoula d'une etude optimale du systeme. Dans une seconde partie on decrit la realisation d'une regulation multiplexee de fours a diffusion. (auteur)

Comment on "Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics" by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph

OpenAIRE

Prados, A.; Plata, C. A.

2016-01-01

We comment on the paper "Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics" by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph, EPL 115, 60001 (2016) .

Team performance in resuscitation teams: Comparison and critique of two recently developed scoring tools☆

Science.gov (United States)

McKay, Anthony; Walker, Susanna T.; Brett, Stephen J.; Vincent, Charles; Sevdalis, Nick

2012-01-01

Background and aim Following high profile errors resulting in patient harm and attracting negative publicity, the healthcare sector has begun to focus on training non-technical teamworking skills as one way of reducing the rate of adverse events. Within the area of resuscitation, two tools have been developed recently aiming to assess these skills – TEAM and OSCAR. The aims of the study reported here were:1.To determine the inter-rater reliability of the tools in assessing performance within the context of resuscitation.2.To correlate scores of the same resuscitation teams episodes using both tools, thereby determining their concurrent validity within the context of resuscitation.3.To carry out a critique of both tools and establish how best each one may be utilised. Methods The study consisted of two phases – reliability assessment; and content comparison, and correlation. Assessments were made by two resuscitation experts, who watched 24 pre-recorded resuscitation simulations, and independently rated team behaviours using both tools. The tools were critically appraised, and correlation between overall score surrogates was assessed. Results Both OSCAR and TEAM achieved high levels of inter-rater reliability (in the form of adequate intra-class coefficients) and minor significant differences between Wilcoxon tests. Comparison of the scores from both tools demonstrated a high degree of correlation (and hence concurrent validity). Finally, critique of each tool highlighted differences in length and complexity. Conclusion Both OSCAR and TEAM can be used to assess resuscitation teams in a simulated environment, with the tools correlating well with one another. We envisage a role for both tools – with TEAM giving a quick, global assessment of the team, but OSCAR enabling more detailed breakdown of the assessment, facilitating feedback, and identifying areas of weakness for future training. PMID:22561464

The Contested White Lady: A Critique of New Zealand Cultural Heritage Politics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lindsay Neill

2012-10-01

Full Text Available This article critiques New Zealand’s cultural heritage politics by positing that vernacular items, like an iconic eatery called the White Lady, does not meet the legislative criteria enabling cultural heritage status. If vernacular artefacts, including ‘kiwiana’, are to be integrated within cultural heritage, then changes within legislation, definitions and participant preconceptions are necessary. This study argues that cultural heritage is dominated by artefacts and historic places; that ‘kiwiana’ and other vernacular items of social history, practice and tradition are relegated. Items of ‘kiwiana’ act as touchstones of identity for New Zealanders. Therefore, their omission distorts the view of New Zealand’s cultural heritage. The application of cultural heritage status to the White Lady is important because of its transcendence of time and social change, its aesthetic, and also because of its present-day hospitality offering.

Two attempts at grounding social critique in „ordinary“ actors’ perspectives: The critical theories of Nancy Fraser and Axel Honneth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivković Marjan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes two contemporary, „third-generation“ perspectives within critical theory - Nancy Fraser’s and Axel Honneth’s - with the aim of examining the degree to which the two authors succeed in grounding the normative criteria of social critique in the perspectives of ’ordinary’ social actors, as opposed to speculative social theory. To that end, the author focuses on the influential debate between Fraser and Honneth Redistribution or Recognition? which concerns the appropriate normative foundations of a „post-metaphysical“ critical theory, and attempts to reconstruct the fundamental 29 disagreements between Fraser and Honneth over the meaning and tasks of critical theory. The author concludes that both critical theorists ultimately secure the normative foundations of critique through substantive theorizations of the social, which frame the two authors’ „reconstructions“ of the normativity of everyday social action, but argues that post-metaphysical critical theory does not have to abandon comprehensive social theory in order to be epistmologically „non-authoritarian“. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 43007: Ethics and Politics of Environment: Institutions, Techniques and Norms Facing the Challenge of Environmental Change

Study of the age of uranium-containing mineral deposits in the Limouzat, the bois-noir mountains (12963); Etude des ages des mineralisations uraniferes du gisement du Limouzat, Massif des bois-noirs (1963)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Durand, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1963-07-01

The present work is concerned with 7 different samples taken at various levels in the Limouzat mine in the Bois-Noirs mountains. It has been possible to show that the uranium dates from 265 M.Y. and that a rearrangement occurred 65 M.Y. ago. A {gamma}-spectrometer study which was originally intended to show the existence of the lack of balance in the radon circulation, has made it possible to show that the {gamma} spectra recorded on various samples could be erroneous. We observed in effect that the presence of lead, iron, etc., had a strong influence on the {gamma} spectrum of the radium family, whereas all research workers have considered that concentrations in the uranium ore were negligible and had no significant effect on the study of the {gamma} spectra of the samples. It is obvious that an interesting study has to be undertaken on the screen effects of the different cations existing in the ores. We believe that it is possible to show the presence of certain elements directly by {gamma}-spectrometry. The ages measured with the mass spectrometer present two types of disagreement but these have been explained by considering that there occurred a first arrival of lead followed by a rearrangement and, at certain points, a second arrival at this date. Finally, the deposit studied undergoes a circulation of uranium and of radon. (author) [French] La presente etude a porte sur 7 prelevements differents effectues a divers niveaux de la mine du Limouzat, massif des Bois-Noirs. Elle a permis de mettre en evidence une premiere venue d'uranium il y a 265 M.A., suivie d'un remaniements il y a 65 M.A. Une etude au spectrometre {gamma} destinee, a l'origine, a prouver les desequilibres dus aux circulations de radon a permis de montrer que les spectres {gamma} enregistres sur divers echantillons pouvaient etre entaches d'erreurs. Nous nous sommes apercus en effet que la presence de plomb, de fer..., avait une forte influence sur le spectre {gamma} de la famille du radium

Analysis of Heidegger’s Reading from the Kant’s First Critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamid Eskandari and Hossein Kalbasi

2015-10-01

Full Text Available We know that Martin Heidegger in "Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics" presented some ontological interpretation of "Critique of Pure Reason" as opposed to other epistemological interpretations. He tried to explain how all parts of the work of Kant (based on time as the necessary condition of schematism are originally related to the basic problem of finite human being or Dasein. Immanuel Kant, from the perspective of Heidegger, is indeed the founder of fundamental ontology of Dasein. The main objective of this paper is related to the same problem. In this article, we have tried to briefly analyze and evaluate and criticize Heidegger's interpretation of Kant. Heidegger seems to neglect the other important side of Kant’s thought, namely the non-temporal aspect of apperception. We've noted that Being, in Emmanuel Kant’s view, is not based on time, but certainly on some unknowable and non-temporal foundation beyond human experience.

Contribution to the study of french pitchblendes; Contribution a l'etude des pechblendes francaises

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geffroy, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Lab. de Mineralogie, Centre de Chatillon (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Sarcia, J A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Div. de la Crouzille, Haute Vienne (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-07-01

The authors first review the characteristics of uraninite-pitchblende, as deduced of present literature. They set apart from typical pitchblende a black oxide aspect, which probably corresponds to neo-formations, and a 'para-pitchblende' aspect, which they relate to deep sur-oxidation of normal pitchblende. They insist on the easy replacement of pitchblende by silica. and give indications as to changes in vein stones (fluorite, quartz, etc...). A detailed study of paragenesis and successions in french uranium districts follows (including discussion of uranium of uranium-bearing coals). The authors attempt to classify french pitchblende veins. They are chiefly epithermal and poor in satellite ores. Three types of deposits are identified: massive - pitchblende type, silica type, fluorite type. These deposits, as those of Portugal, are included in granite, Central-European peri-batholitic types where uranium associates which Ni, Co, Bi and Ag, are in France both rare and poor. Finally, the authors attempt to bring out in the european Hercynian area a particular distribution of paragenetic types. (authors) [French] Les auteurs recapitulent d'abord les caracteres et les occurences de l'uraninite - pechblende, tels qu'ils peuvent etre degages de l'actuelle bibliographie. Ils exposent ensuite les faits qui du point de vue mineralogique seulement ressortent de l'etude mineralogique et chalcographique des pechblendes francaises et de leurs satellites. Ils distinguent de la pechblende-type un facies oxyde noir; correspondant probablement a une neoformation, et un facies parapechblende, qui est rapporte a une sur oxydation hypogene de la pechblende proprement dite. Ils insistent sur le facile remaniement de la pechblende par la slice; et donnent quelques precisions sur les modifications des gangues (fluorine, quartz, etc...). Suit l'etude detaillee des parageneses et des successions dans les districts uraniferes francais: Divisions du Limousin, de Grury, de Lachaux et de

Experimental study of contamination by inhalation of radioactive iodine aerosols. Biological balance; Etude experimentale de la contamination par inhalation d'aerosols d'iode radioactif bilan biologique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marble, G. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, 92 - Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

Several articles have been published concerning research into contamination produced by inhalation of radioactive iodine aerosols in monkeys. Results dealing with the biological balance of this contamination are presented and discussed in this report. (author) [French] L'etude experimentale de la contamination par inhalation d'aerosols d'iode radioactif effectuee chez le singe a fait l'objet de plusieurs publications. Les resultats concernant le bilan biologique de cette contamination sont presentes et discutes dans ce rapport. (auteur)

A "Fear" Studies Perspective and Critique: Analyzing English and Stengel's Progressive Study of Fear and Learning in "Education Theory." Technical Paper No. 37

Science.gov (United States)

Fisher, R. Michael

2011-01-01

The author critiques the progressive approach of two contemporary educational philosophers (English and Stengel) on the topic of fear and learning. Using a postmodern integral approach, this article examines the tendency of reductionism, individualism, and psychologism as part of a hegemonic liberalism and modernism in discourses on fear and…

Post-operaist readings of Marxian ‘Fragment on Machines” in the light of their critiques.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Krystian Szadkowski

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Text undertakes a much needed contextual and critical reading of Marxian„Fragment on Machines” from the Grundrisse. The crucial thesis states that despitethe seeming crisis of the post-operaist Marxism, theoretical intuitions formulatedby thinkers like Negri, Virno, Vercellone are still valid. Three various but interrelatedtypes of post-operaist reading are presented here in detail to support theargument: the political, the philosophical and the historico-economical. In thelast part of the paper they are confronted with three main lines of critique of thepost-operaist readings: the philological, the political-economic and the „political”.Through such a confrontation some of the arguments are refuted and reevaluated.

Energy-economic policy modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Sanstad, Alan H.

2018-01-01

Computational models based on economic principles and methods are powerful tools for understanding and analyzing problems in energy and the environment and for designing policies to address them. Among their other features, some current models of this type incorporate information on sustainable energy technologies and can be used to examine their potential role in addressing the problem of global climate change. The underlying principles and the characteristics of the models are summarized, and examples of this class of model and their applications are presented. Modeling epistemology and related issues are discussed, as well as critiques of the models. The paper concludes with remarks on the evolution of the models and possibilities for their continued development.

Technical critique on radiation test facilities for the CTR surface and materials program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Persiani, P.J.

1975-02-01

Major radiation test facilities will be necessary in the near-term (5 years) and long-term (greater than 10 years) future for the timely development and understanding of fusion confinement systems and of prototype fusion power reactors. The study includes the technical justifications and requirements for CTR Neutron and Plasma Radiation Test Facilities. The initial technical critique covers the feasibility and design problems: in upgrading the performance of the accelerator-rotating (solid TiT) target systems, and in transforming the accelerator-supersonic jet target concept into a radiation testing facility. A scoping assessment on the potential of a pulsed high-beta plasma device (dense plasma focus) is introduced to explore plasma concepts as near-term neutron and plasma radiation sources for the CTR Surface and Materials Program. (U.S.)

The Critical Humanisms of Dorothy Dinnerstein and Immanuel Kant Employed for Responding to Gender Bias: A Study, and an Exercise, in Radical Critique

Science.gov (United States)

Bynum, Gregory Lewis

2011-01-01

Two humanist, critical approaches--those of Dorothy Dinnerstein and Immanuel Kant--are summarized, compared, and employed to critique gender bias in science education. The value of Dinnerstein's approach lies in her way of seeing conventional "masculinity" and conventional "femininity" as developing in relation to each other from early childhood.…

Analyse et évaluation de l’argumentation dans l’analyse critique du discours (CDA : délibération et dialectique des Lumières Analysis and Evaluation of Argumentation in Critical Discourse Analysis: Deliberation and the Dialectic of Enlightenment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norman Fairclough

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Cet article représente le développement de notre récent travail sur le discours politique, centré sur les réactions politiques à l’actuelle crise financière et économique en Grande-Bretagne. Considérant le discours politique comme doté d’un caractère essentiellement argumentatif, et plus spécifiquement comme une forme d’argumentation et de délibération pratiques, nous soutenons qu’une analyse critique de ce discours appelle à intégrer la théorie et l’analyse de l’argumentation à la version de l’analyse critique du discours (CDA avec laquelle nous travaillons. La présentation de cette version de la CDA, et de notre approche de l’analyse et de l’évaluation de l’argumentation et de la délibération pratiques, est suivie d’une illustration de la démarche. Celle-ci se réfère à une partie du discours sur le Budget prononcé en juin 2010 par Georges Osborne, Chancelier de l’Echiquier du gouvernement britannique de coalition entre conservateurs et libéraux démocrates, et à la mise en cause critique de la stratégie d’austérité du gouvernement qui eu lieu dans le débat public, particulièrement dans les média. Dans la dernière partie de cet article, nous avançons que notre approche innovatrice de l’analyse et de l’évaluation de l’argumentation et de la délibération pratiques contribue de manière particulièrement efficace à promouvoir l’objectif de la CDA : étendre au discours les formes de critique répandues dans le champ de la théorie sociale critique. Nous nous appuyons pour ce faire sur les débats qui traitent des rapports entre critique et rationalité. Nous posons que l’approche normative que nous adoptons est nécessaire pour intégrer l’analyse du discours argumentatif à la critique, et que notre démarche est en parfait accord avec les objectifs de la théorie critique, du moins tels que Habermas les conçoit.This paper is a development of our recent work on

The denial of death thesis: sociological critique and implications for palliative care.

Science.gov (United States)

Zimmermann, Camilla; Rodin, Gary

2004-03-01

It has become commonplace to say that contemporary western society is 'death-denying'. This characterization, which sociologists have termed the 'denial of death thesis', first arose in the social science, psychological and clinical medical literature in the period between 1955 and 1985. During the same time period, the hospice and palliative care movements were developing and in part directed themselves against the perceived cultural denial of death in western society. While the denial of death has been taken for granted by the lay public as well as by clinicians, in the sociological literature it has been increasingly questioned. In this paper we use sociological critiques of the denial of death thesis to raise critical questions about the theory and practice of contemporary palliative care. In particular, we argue that the emphasis of palliative care should not be on extinguishing the denial of death but on the relief of suffering.

Accounting for social accountability: developing critiques of social accountability within medical education.

Science.gov (United States)

Ritz, Stacey A; Beatty, Kathleen; Ellaway, Rachel H

2014-01-01

The concept of the social accountability of medical schools has garnered many followers, in response to a broad desire for greater social justice in health care. As its use has spread, the term 'social accountability' has become a meta-narrative for social justice and an inevitable and unquestionable good, while at the same time becoming increasingly ambiguous in its meaning and intent. In this article, we use the lenses of postmodernism and critical reflexivity to unpack the multiple meanings of social accountability. In our view, subjecting the concept of 'social accountability' to critique will enhance the ability to appraise the ways in which it is understood and enacted. We contend that critical reflexivity is necessary for social accountability to achieve its aspirations, and hence we must be prepared to become accountable not only for our actions, but also for the ideologies and discourses underlying them.

A Critique of the Mainstream Management Control Theory and the Way Forward

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chandana Rathnasiri Hewege

2012-12-01

Full Text Available This article critiques the mainstream management control theory with a view to highlighting its gaps and to suggesting a direction for its future development. Management control theory has undergone lopsided development due to the dominance of accounting-based approaches to the study of management controls. Thus, management control theory has failed to explain complex issues that are interwoven with deep-rooted, sociocultural context within which these issues emanate. Although the influence of organizational theory, particularly systems theory, cybernetics, and contingency theory, resulted in a marginal outward shift of the boundaries of the mainstream management control theory, the main drawbacks of the theory remained unresolved. Alternative theoretical perspectives rooted in disciplines such as political economy, sociology, and anthropology can enrich the mainstream management control theory. Management control issues emanating from non-Western contexts would remain largely unexplained or poorly explained, unless alternative theoretical perspectives were used.

Development of a method for studying non-linear phenomena in plasma; Mise au point d'une methode d'etude des phenomenes non lineaires dans un plasma

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gonfalone, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1965-03-01

gaz d'electrons est a la base des meilleures methodes de mesure des frequences de collisions electroniques dans l'ionosphere. Dans les plasmas de laboratoire l'apparition de ces phenomenes est liee a un champ critique de valeur elevee. Tout en n'utilisant qu'une source electromagnetique de puissance relativement faible, nous avons mis au point une methode hyperfrequence simple qui permet de mettre ces phenomenes en evidence, de les mesurer et d'en donner une interpretation elementaire. Une onde electromagnetique, fournie par un klystron de 1 W de puissance, interagit avec une decharge HF (25 MHz) dans le volume d'une cavite TE{sub 111}. Le tube contenant la decharge et l'axe de la cavite cylindrique sont colineaires a un champ magnetique pouvant atteindre une valeur telle que la frequence de l'onde soit egale a la frequence gyromagnetique des electrons. La courbe de resonance de la cavite, qui depend de la densite electronique et de la frequence des collisions, devient d'autant plus dissymetrique que la puissance absorbee est grande et que la frequence gyromagnetique des electrons est voisine de la frequence de l'onde incidente. L'etude de la resonance permet de calculer les coefficients de proportionnalite qui relient les variations de la densite et de la frequence de collisions a la puissance absorbee. Les experiences ont ete faites en faisant varier separement: la puissance UHF incidente, la densite electronique initiale, la pression du gaz neutre ambiant, ainsi que le champ magnetique axial. La variation de la densite electronique en fonction du champ magnetique pour une puissance UHF forte, montre une resonance de forme dissymetrique avec quelquefois un pic aigu, au voisinage de {omega}{sub H}. L'application eventuelle des proprietes mises en evidence a la realisation de dispositifs pratiques est envisagee. (auteur)

Eugenics and modern biology: critiques of eugenics, 1910-1945.

Science.gov (United States)

Allen, Garland E

2011-05-01

Eugenics in most western countries in the first four decades of the 20th century was based on the idea that genes control most human phenotypic traits, everything from physical features such as polydactyly and eye colour to physiological conditions such as the A-B-O blood groups to mental and personality traits such as "feeblemindedness," alcoholism and pauperism. In assessing the development of the eugenics movement-its rise and decline between 1900 and 1950-it is important to recognise that its naïve assumptions and often flawed methodologies were openly criticised at the time by scientists and nonscientists alike. This paper will present a brief overview of the critiques launched against eugenicists' claims, particularly criticisms of the American school led by Charles B. Davenport. Davenport's approach to eugenics will be contrasted to his British counterpart, Karl Pearson, founder and first editor of the Annals of Eugenics. It was not the case that nearly everyone in the early 20th century accepted eugenic conclusions as the latest, cutting-edge science. There are lessons from this historical approach for dealing with similar naïve claims about genetics today. © 2011 The Author Annals of Human Genetics © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/University College London.

The problematization of medical tourism: a critique of neoliberalism.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Kristen

2012-04-01

The past two decades have seen the extensive privatisation and marketisation of health care in an ever reaching number of developing countries. Within this milieu, medical tourism is being promoted as a rational economic development strategy for some developing nations, and a makeshift solution to the escalating waiting lists and exorbitant costs of health care in developed nations. This paper explores the need to problematize medical tourism in order to move beyond one dimensional neoliberal discourses that have, to date, dominated the arena. In this problematization, the paper discusses a range of understandings and uses of the term 'medical tourism' and situates it within the context of the neoliberal economic development of health care internationally. Drawing on theory from critical medical anthropology and health and human rights perspectives, the paper critically analyzes the assumed independence between the medical tourism industry and local populations facing critical health issues, where social, cultural and economic inequities are widening in terms of access, cost and quality of health care. Finally, medical tourism is examined in the local context of India, critiquing the increasingly indistinct roles played by government and private sectors, whilst linking these shifts to global market forces. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Application of the Moessbauer effect to the study of the structure of transition metal complexes; Applications de l'effet Mossbauer a l'etude de la structure des complexes des metaux de transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tsymbal, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-07-01

In this survey, the structural investigations of transition metal complexes by the hyperfine interactions in the Moessbauer effect are described. The isomer shift provides a unique tool for estimating s electrons covalency in high spin complexes and one of the best pieces of evidence for the importance of bacle donation in low spin complexes. The electric field gradient deriving from quadrupole coupling measurements is correlated with the energy levels distribution of d orbitals in high spin complexes, whereas in low spin complexes it originates from the unbalanced d electrons. (authors) [French] Dans cette etude, nous decrivons les applications des interactions hyperfines dans l' effet Mossbauer a l'etude de la structure des complexes des metaux de transition. Le deplacement isomerique donne des informations tres utiles sur la covalence des electrons s dans les complexes a spin eleve et met en evidence d'une maniere nette l'importance du phenomene de 'bacle donation' dans les complexes a spin faible. Le gradient de champ electrique qui provient des mesures d'interaction quadripolaire est lie a la distribution des niveaux d'energie des orbitales d dans les complexes a spin eleve alors que dans les complexes a spin faible, il est provoque par des electrons d non apparies. (auteurs)

A statistical analysis of electrical cerebral activity; Contribution a l'etude de l'analyse statistique de l'activite electrique cerebrale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bassant, Marie-Helene

1971-01-15

The aim of this work was to study the statistical properties of the amplitude of the electroencephalographic signal. The experimental method is described (implantation of electrodes, acquisition and treatment of data). The program of the mathematical analysis is given (calculation of probability density functions, study of stationarity) and the validity of the tests discussed. The results concerned ten rabbits. Trips of EEG were sampled during 40 s. with very short intervals (500 μs). The probability density functions established for different brain structures (especially the dorsal hippocampus) and areas, were compared during sleep, arousal and visual stimulus. Using a Χ{sup 2} test, it was found that the Gaussian distribution assumption was rejected in 96.7 per cent of the cases. For a given physiological state, there was no mathematical reason to reject the assumption of stationarity (in 96 per cent of the cases). (author) [French] Le but de ce travail est d'etudier les proprietes statistiques des amplitudes du signal electroencephalographique. La methode experimentale est decrite (implantation d'electrodes, acquisition et traitement des donnees). Le programme d'analyse mathematique est precise (calcul des courbes de repartition statistique, etude de la stationnarite du signal) et la validite des tests, discutee. Les resultats de l'etude portent sur 10 lapins. Des sequences de 40 s d'EEG sont echantillonnees. La valeur de la tension est prelevee a un pas d'echantillonnage de 500 μs. Les courbes de repartition statistiques sont comparees d'une region de l'encephale a l'autre (l'hippocampe dorsal a ete specialement analyse) ceci pendant le sommeil, l'eveil et des stimulations visuelles. Le test du Χ{sup 2} rejette l'hypothese de distribution normale dans 97 pour cent des cas. Pour un etat physiologique donne, il n'existe pas de raison mathematique a ce que soit repoussee l'hypothese de stationnarite, ceci dans 96.7 pour cent des cas. (auteur)

Dosimeter calibration facilities and methods at the Radiation Measurement Laboratory of the Centre d'etudes nucleaires, Grenoble

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Choudens, H. de; Herbaut, Y.; Haddad, A.; Giroux, J.; Rouillon, J.; CEA Centre d'Etudes Nucleaires de Grenoble, 38

1975-01-01

At the Centre d'etudes nucleaires, Grenoble, the Radiation Measurement Laboratory, which forms part of the Environmental Protection and Research Department, serves the entire Centre for purposes of dosimetry and the calibration of dose meters. The needs of radiation protection are such that one must have facilities for checking periodically the calibration of radiation-monitoring instruments and developing special dosimetry techniques. It was thought a good idea to arrange for the dosimetry and radiation protection team to assist other groups working at the Centre - in particular, the staff of the biology and radiobiology laboratories - and also bodies outside the framework of the French Commissariat a l'energie atomique. Thus, technical collaboration has been established with, for example, Grenoble's Centre hospitalier universitaire (university clinic), which makes use of the facilities and skills available at the Radiation Measurement Laboratory for solving special dosimetry problems. With the Laboratory's facilities it is possible to calibrate dose meters for gamma, beta and neutron measurements

Injection and temporary capture of a charged particle beam in an open magnetic configuration. Optimization of the configuration. Case of cylindrical symmetry: A mirror machine; Etude de l'injection et de la capture temporaire d'un faisceau de particules chargees dans une configuration magnetique ouverte. Optimisation de la configuration. Cas de la symetrie de revolution: Machine a miroirs

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Capdequi-Peyranere, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1966-12-01

A study has been made of a new method of transverse injection of charged particles into a magnetic mirror configuration. This injection scheme permits the penetration and temporary capture by non-adiabatic effect of a particle beam of approximately 1 cm{sup 2} cross-section. A theoretical study of the injection and capture is made in the approximation that space charge is negligible. The original programs for IBM 7094 computer calculations are described; these programs were used to obtain an optimization of the configuration. The results of a statistical numerical study of the optimum configuration are then given. This study indicates that, if the energy of the particles of the beam is about 1 per cent greater than a minimum penetration energy, the entire beam can be captured with an average capture length of 100 meters (50 reflections between the two mirrors). If the energy is about 4 per cent greater than the minimum penetration energy, the capture length is reduced to 40 meters. We have studied the distribution of energy transverse and longitudinal with the magnetic field for the population of captured particles. For the cases of injected molecular hydrogen ions or heavy CH{sub 4}{sup +} ions, a study is made of the capture time of protons resulting from the dissociation of the ions by collisions with the neutral gas. Finally, we describe a model experiment using electrons designed to provide an experimental verification of the capture of the primary beam. (author) [French] On etudie un nouveau schema d'injection transversale de particules chargees dans une configuration magnetique a miroirs. Ce mode d'injection permet la penetration et la capture temporaire par effet non adiabatique d'un faisceau de particules presentant une section de l'ordre de 1 cm{sup 2}. Une etude theorique du probleme de l'injection et de la capture est faite en supposant la charge d'espace negligeable. On decrit des programmes originaux de calcul sur ordinateur IBM 7094 permettant l

Critique of a pion exchange model for interquark forces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isgur, N.

1999-01-01

The author describes four serious defects of a widely discuss pion exchange model for interquark forces: it doesn't solve the ''spin-orbit problem'' as advertised, it fails to describe the internal structure of baryon resonances, it leads to disastrous conclusions when extended to mesons, and it is not reasonably connected to the physics of heavy-light systems

Study of the antithyroid and radioprotective properties of compounds of the 5 thione imidazolidines group; Etude des proprietes antithyroidiennes et radioprotectrices de composes de la famille des 5 thione imidazolidines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rinaldi, R; Bernard, Y [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

Some compounds of the 5 thione imidazolidines group were synthesized by conventional or original methods, and this study is aimed at defining certain pharmacodynamic properties which these substances may be expected to show on the basis of their structure. The properties looked for are: - antithyroid activity, by studying the difference in iodine 131 fixation by the thyroid of rats previously treated or not with these materials; - radioprotective activity, by the comparative study of percentage survival; after 30 days, of mice subjected to a lethal dose of X radiation and having received or not, before irradiation, an intraperitoneal injection of the product under investigation. (author) [French] La synthese de quelques composes de la famille des 5 thione imidazolidines a ete realisee par des methodes classiques ou originales, et le but de ce travail est d'essayer de preciser certaines proprietes pharmacodynamiques que la structure de ces substances peut laisser prevoir. Les proprietes recherchees sont: - l'activite antithyroidienne par l'etude de la difference de la fixation de l'iode 131 par la thyroide de rats prealablement traites ou non par ces produits; - l'activite radioprotectrice par l'etude comparative du pourcentage de survie a 30 jours chez des souris soumises a une dose lethale de rayonnement X, et ayant recu ou non, avant irradiation une injection intraperitoneale du produit a etudier. (auteur)

Emmanuel Renault, Yves Sintomer (dir., Où en est la théorie critique ?, Paris, La Découverte, coll. « Recherches », 2003, 286 p., 31 €.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Dupeyrix

2005-04-01

Full Text Available Dans l’introduction de cet ouvrage collectif publié en mars 2003, Emmanuel Renault et Yves Sintomer exposent leur volonté de « rendre compte de l’actualité d’un projet [celui de la théorie critique] tout en mettant en perspective les débats ouverts par les œuvres d’Habermas et de Honneth » (p. 10. On peut dire qu’ils ont pleinement réalisé leur ambition : l’ouvrage qu’ils proposent ici est une synthèse très riche et très stimulante des derniers travaux en cours sur la théorie critique et l’É...

II. Comment on “Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics” by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph

Science.gov (United States)

Prados, Antonio; Plata, Carlos A.

2016-12-01

We comment on the paper "Critique and correction of the currently accepted solution of the infinite spherical well in quantum mechanics" by Huang Young-Sea and Thomann Hans-Rudolph, EPL 115, 60001 (2016) .

A Historical Analysis of Media Practices and Technologies in Protest Movements: A Review of Crisis and Critique by Anne Kaun

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anne Laajalahti

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Dr. Anne Kaun’s book, Crisis and Critique: A Brief History of Media Participation in Times of Crisis (London: Zed Books, 2016, 131 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78360-736-5, is a concise but comprehensive analysis of the changing media practices and technologies in protest movements. The book overviews the topic within the context of major economic crises and scrutinises three richly detailed case studies in the United States: (a the unemployed workers’ movement during the Great Depression in the 1930s, (b the tenants’ rent strike movement of the early 1970s, and (c the Occupy Wall Street movement following the Great Recession of 2008. Kaun begins her book with an introduction to economic crises and protest movements and highlights the relationship of crisis and critique to media practices. She goes on to investigate historical forms of media participation in protest movements from three different perspectives: (a protest time, (b protest space, and (c protest speed. The book contributes to the recent discussion on the emerging role of social media in protest by providing a historically nuanced analysis of the media participation in times of crisis. As a whole, the book is valuable to anyone interested in media and social activism.

Some techniques for studying actomyosin by electron microscopy; Quelques techniques d'etude de l'actomyosine par microscopie electronique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Herzberg, M [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires. Departement de Biologie

1967-07-01

A method has been developed for shadowing using a platinum-carbon alloy; it has been applied to the study of the interaction of actomyosin with its substrate ATP. The results obtained seem to favour the hypothesis of a dissociation of the actomyosin into its two components: actin and myosin. Pictures have been obtained showing particles resembling non-polymerized myosin but no rigorous proof of this exists. (author) [French] Une methode d'ombrage par un alliage de platine et carbone a ete mise au point et appliquee a l'etude de l'interaction de l'actomyosine et de son substrat l'ATP. Les resultats obtenus semblent pencher en faveur de la these d'une dissociation de l'actomyosine en ses deux constituants: l'actine et la myosine. Des images ont ete obtenues montrant des particules dont l'identite avec la myosine non polymerisee reste a demontrer plus rigoureusement. (auteur)

The Adult Life Spiral: A Critique of the Life Cycle Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Stein, Peter; Etzkowitz, Henry

We can identify and describe alternate paths of adulthood utilizing data from interviews with single adults. Our review of major models used in adulthood studies suggests that a developmental model, such as Daniel Levinson's life cycle model, is too tied to the notion of the imminent unfolding of the life course. The age-stratification theory…

Realisation and tests of a compressed gas Cherenkov counter. Study of the pollution of a beam (1961); Realisation et essais d'un compteur cherenkov a gaz comprime etude de la pollution d'un faisceau (1961)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Duboc, J; Banaigs, J; Detoeuf, J F [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1961-07-01

The realisation of a compressed as Cherenkov counter permits the study of the pollution of a beam of {pi} mesons with momentum varying from 220 to 11000 MeV/c. (authors) [French] La realisation d'un compteur Cherenkov a gaz sous pression permet l'etude de la pollution d'un faisceau de mesons {pi} d'impulsions comprise entre 220 et 1100 MeV/c. (auteurs)

Analytic model for surface ground motion with spall induced by underground nuclear tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

MacQueen, D.H.

1982-04-01

This report provides a detailed presentation and critique of a model used to characterize the surface ground motion following a contained, spalling underground nuclear explosion intended for calculation of the resulting atmospheric acoustic pulse. Some examples of its use are included. Some discussion of the general approach of ground motion model parameter extraction, not dependent on the specific model, is also presented

Surveillance, Snowden, and Big Data: Capacities, consequences, critique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Lyon

2014-07-01

Full Text Available The Snowden revelations about National Security Agency surveillance, starting in 2013, along with the ambiguous complicity of internet companies and the international controversies that followed provide a perfect segue into contemporary conundrums of surveillance and Big Data. Attention has shifted from late C20th information technologies and networks to a C21st focus on data, currently crystallized in “Big Data.” Big Data intensifies certain surveillance trends associated with information technology and networks, and is thus implicated in fresh but fluid configurations. This is considered in three main ways: One, the capacities of Big Data (including metadata intensify surveillance by expanding interconnected datasets and analytical tools. Existing dynamics of influence, risk-management, and control increase their speed and scope through new techniques, especially predictive analytics. Two, while Big Data appears to be about size, qualitative change in surveillance practices is also perceptible, accenting consequences. Important trends persist – the control motif, faith in technology, public-private synergies, and user-involvement – but the future-orientation increasingly severs surveillance from history and memory and the quest for pattern-discovery is used to justify unprecedented access to data. Three, the ethical turn becomes more urgent as a mode of critique. Modernity's predilection for certain definitions of privacy betrays the subjects of surveillance who, so far from conforming to the abstract, disembodied image of both computing and legal practices, are engaged and embodied users-in-relation whose activities both fuel and foreclose surveillance.

Contribution to the study of french pitchblendes; Contribution a l'etude des pechblendes francaises

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Geffroy, J. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Lab. de Mineralogie, Centre de Chatillon (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Sarcia, J.A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Div. de la Crouzille, Haute Vienne (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1955-07-01

The authors first review the characteristics of uraninite-pitchblende, as deduced of present literature. They set apart from typical pitchblende a black oxide aspect, which probably corresponds to neo-formations, and a 'para-pitchblende' aspect, which they relate to deep sur-oxidation of normal pitchblende. They insist on the easy replacement of pitchblende by silica. and give indications as to changes in vein stones (fluorite, quartz, etc...). A detailed study of paragenesis and successions in french uranium districts follows (including discussion of uranium of uranium-bearing coals). The authors attempt to classify french pitchblende veins. They are chiefly epithermal and poor in satellite ores. Three types of deposits are identified: massive - pitchblende type, silica type, fluorite type. These deposits, as those of Portugal, are included in granite, Central-European peri-batholitic types where uranium associates which Ni, Co, Bi and Ag, are in France both rare and poor. Finally, the authors attempt to bring out in the european Hercynian area a particular distribution of paragenetic types. (authors) [French] Les auteurs recapitulent d'abord les caracteres et les occurences de l'uraninite - pechblende, tels qu'ils peuvent etre degages de l'actuelle bibliographie. Ils exposent ensuite les faits qui du point de vue mineralogique seulement ressortent de l'etude mineralogique et chalcographique des pechblendes francaises et de leurs satellites. Ils distinguent de la pechblende-type un facies oxyde noir; correspondant probablement a une neoformation, et un facies parapechblende, qui est rapporte a une sur oxydation hypogene de la pechblende proprement dite. Ils insistent sur le facile remaniement de la pechblende par la slice; et donnent quelques precisions sur les modifications des gangues (fluorine, quartz, etc...). Suit l'etude detaillee des parageneses et des successions dans les districts uraniferes francais: Divisions du

Solar energy market penetration models - Science or number mysticism

Science.gov (United States)

Warren, E. H., Jr.

1980-01-01

The forecast market potential of a solar technology is an important factor determining its R&D funding. Since solar energy market penetration models are the method used to forecast market potential, they have a pivotal role in a solar technology's development. This paper critiques the applicability of the most common solar energy market penetration models. It is argued that the assumptions underlying the foundations of rigorously developed models, or the absence of a reasonable foundation for the remaining models, restrict their applicability.

Critical mass, rod values and reactivity coefficients for Rapsodie; Masse critique, valeur des barres et coefficients de reactivite de rapsodie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stevens, L; Gourdon, J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-07-01

Besides a brief general description, the report contains a description and discussion of the aims, the methods used and the results of critical mass, rod worth and static reactivity coefficient measurements on the Rapsodie reactor. (authors) [French] Apres une breve description generale, le rapport decrit et discute le but, les methodes employees et les resultats des mesures de masse critique, de reactivite des barres et des coefficients de reactivite statiques du reacteur RAPSODIE. (auteurs)

Gene-Environment Interplay in Twin Models

OpenAIRE

Verhulst, Brad; Hatemi, Peter K.

2013-01-01

In this article, we respond to Shultziner’s critique that argues that identical twins are more alike not because of genetic similarity, but because they select into more similar environments and respond to stimuli in comparable ways, and that these effects bias twin model estimates to such an extent that they are invalid. The essay further argues that the theory and methods that undergird twin models, as well as the empirical studies which rely upon them, are unaware of these potential biases...

« Very much in the dark about light » : Franklin, lumières et critiques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Delbourgo

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Cet essai considère une critique des expériences électriques de Benjamin Franklin, publiée anonymement à Londres en 1777. L'auteur s'interroge pour savoir s'il est légitime de regarder ces expériences comme « natural philosophy » dans la tradition d’Isaac Newton. Cette critique des lumières frankliniennes est considérée en connection avec les conflits de la Révolution américaine, les angoisses sociales sur la dextérité mécanique, et la hiérarchie géographique des savoirs. Les débats sur le caractère de la vraie philosophie naturelle qui touchaient les expériences de Franklin portaient également sur la constitution sociale, politique et géographique de l’autorité.This essay discusses a critical account of Benjamin Franklin’s experiments with electricity published anonymously in London in 1777. The fundamental question raised was whether Franklin’s famous experiments constituted legitimate natural philosophy in the tradition of Isaac Newton. This dim view of Franklinist enlightenment is linked to the conflicts of the American Revolution, social anxieties about mechanical ingenuity, and geographical hierarchies of knowledge-making. It is argued that debates over the legitimacy of the proper character of natural philosophy that addressed Franklinist science were also debates over the social, political and geographical constitution of authority.

Crítica moral de Francis Bacon a la filosofía Francis Bacon's moral critique to philosophy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maximiliano Prada Dussán

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este escrito muestra la crítica moral de Bacon a la filosofía, presente en sus obras de juventud, la cual es desarrollada en tres niveles: primero, los cargos a la filosofía por su inutilidad, segundo, las acusaciones a la falta de verdad y de método y, finalmente, la denuncia de falta de caridad y humildad. En conclusión, este estudio intentará sustentar que 1. La reforma baconiana no se restringe a un nuevo método ni a una nueva teoría de la materia; más allá de esto, encuentra un sustento en una nueva posición moral del hombre frente a la naturaleza, y 2. Que su proyecto epistemológico encuentra sentido en el trasfondo moral.This paper is about Bacon's moral critique to philosophy. This critique is present in his youth work and it is developed in three levels: first, charges against philosophy because of its uselessness; second, accusations against philosophy's lack of truth and method; and, finally, charges against philosophy's lack of charity and humility. Briefly, this study will state and support two hypotheses. 1. Bacon´s reform is not restricted to a new method neither a new theory of matter; beyond this; it is a new moral position about man in relation to nature. 2. His epistemological project makes sense in the moral background.

Ethics of Risk. Kristin Shrader-Frechette's Philosophical Critique of Risk Assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Heikkeroe, Topi

2006-01-01

This paper addresses risk assessment from a philosophical point of view. It presents and critically reviews the work of Kristin Shrader-Frechette. It introduces the ethical, epistemological, and methodological issues related to risk assessment. The paper focuses on the ethical questions of justice in risk decisions. It opens by framing the relationship between ethics and technology in the modern world. Then the paper turns to a brief description of risk assessment as a central method in technological decision making. It proceeds to show how Shrader-Frechette analyzes ethical and political aspects of risk assessment. The central argumentation In her critique follows RawIsian lines: distributive and participatory inequalities in creating technological constructions need to be justified. To clarify this requirement she formulates the Principle of Prima Facie Political Equity (PPFPE), which is her central tool in most of her ethical criticism, for instance, in relation to the future generations: prima facie. all generations should be treated equally. Brief critical remarks conclude the paper. They touch upon placing Shrader-Frechette's project on the academic chart and her liberal individualist anthropology

Defining Algorithmic Ideology: Using Ideology Critique to Scrutinize Corporate Search Engines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Astrid Mager

2014-02-01

Full Text Available This article conceptualizes “algorithmic ideology” as a valuable tool to understand and critique corporate search engines in the context of wider socio-political developments. Drawing on critical theory it shows how capitalist value-systems manifest in search technology, how they spread through algorithmic logics and how they are stabilized in society. Following philosophers like Althusser, Marx and Gramsci it elaborates how content providers and users contribute to Google’s capital accumulation cycle and exploitation schemes that come along with it. In line with contemporary mass media and neoliberal politics they appear to be fostering capitalism and its “commodity fetishism” (Marx. It further reveals that the capitalist hegemony has to be constantly negotiated and renewed. This dynamic notion of ideology opens up the view for moments of struggle and counter-actions. “Organic intellectuals” (Gramsci can play a central role in challenging powerful actors like Google and their algorithmic ideology. To pave the way towards more democratic information technology, however, requires more than single organic intellectuals. Additional obstacles need to be conquered, as I finally discuss.

Is Cass's Model of Homosexual Identity Formation Relevant to Today's Society?

Science.gov (United States)

Kenneady, Donna Ann; Oswalt, Sara B.

2014-01-01

Cass's Homosexual Identity Formation Model (1979) is one of the most well-known and well-referenced models of identity development for gay males and lesbians. This article provides a review of Cass's six steps of the model, as well as research support for and critiques of the model. As the model was developed more than 30 years ago, the…

Inclusive Education for Children with Special Education Needs:A Critique of Policy and Practice in New Zealand

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Garry Hornby

2012-04-01

Full Text Available This article considers the issue of inclusive education for children with disabilities and special educational needs, in particular with regard to policies and practices in developed countries, such as New Zealand. The article reviews the debate about inclusive education and outlines several confusions about inclusion that have emerged from this debate. It then provides a critique of policies and practices regarding inclusive education in New Zealand, in comparison to those in other developed countries, such as the USA and England. Finally, implications of the issues discussed for developing countries, such as those in the Asia-'‐Pacific region, are outlined.

Conceptual Resources in Self-Developed Explanatory Models: The Importance of Integrating Conscious and Intuitive Knowledge

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Meng-Fei; Brown, David E.

2010-01-01

This study explores the spontaneous explanatory models children construct, critique, and revise in the context of tasks in which children need to predict, observe, and explain phenomena involving magnetism. It further investigates what conceptual resources students use, and in what ways they use them, to construct explanatory models, and the…

Heat exchanges during the re-flooding of a water reactor core - within the framework of the 'reference accident'; Echanges thermiques lors du renoyage d'un coeur de reacteur a eau - dans le cadre de 'l'accident de reference'

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Andreoni, Daniel

1975-11-28

After a brief presentation of reported studies made in different countries and regarding the so-called 'reference accident', this research thesis reports the study of reactor re-flooding when the reactor is completely dried and heating elements have reached a temperature between 300 and 900 C, with a constant water flow rate entering the test section, with a constant dissipated electrical power, and by using very simple geometries. After a first part addressing the experimental study, the author reports the development of conduction calculation codes used to compute the flow extracted by the two-phase flow, present the thermal-hydraulic code used to compute local values and to study the correlation of the upstream area exchange coefficient. The author finally reports an analysis of the different existing models and the study of a re-flooding model [French] La presente etude est consacree a l'un des aspects de la surete des reacteurs a eau sous pression, et plus precisement a l'accident tres important qui consiste en une perte de fluide caloporteur (Loss of Coolant Accident - 'LOCA'). Le but de l'etude est de fournir des renseignements necessaires a l'interpretation des experiences effectuees sur des grappes, de donner une correlation de coefficient d'echange dans la zone aval, et de donner aussi un modele de progression du front de trempe pour les analyses de surete. Une etude bibliographique preliminaire nous a permis de faire le point sur les experiences entreprises concernant le refroidissement de secours. Ensuite, les chapitres suivants seront decrits: 1) Le chapitre II, consacre a l'etude experimentale (boucle, sections d'essais, resultats globaux). 2) Le chapitre III ou seront presentes les codes de calcul de conduction, necessaires au calcul du flux extrait par le melange diphasique, le code de thermohydraulique necessaire au calcul des grandeurs locales et l'etude de la correlation du coefficient d'echange de la zone aval. 3) Enfin le chapitre IV ou, apres

Research with a Natural-Uranium Light-Water Subcritical Assembly; Recherches au Moyen d'un Ensemble Sous-Critique a Uranium Naturel et a Eau Ordinaire; Issledovaniya na podkriticheskoj sborke,rabotayushchej na prirodnom urane i obychnoj vode; Investigaciones con un Conjunto Subcritico de Uranio Natural y Agua Ligera

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koskinen, H. [Institute of Technical Physics, Otaniemi (Finland)

1964-02-15

des coordonnees spatiales. Cette particularite contribue a simplifier la forme des equations du flux et bien souvent permet de ttouver une analogie avec les systemes critiques. Par une analyse approfondie des repartitions du flux dans un tel systeme, on peut obtenir des renseignements sur la validite de-modeles speciaux de ralentissement. On peut aussi obtenir quelques eclaircissements sur des problemes comme la fission rapide par interaction et la probabilite de fuite par resonance en fonction de l'espace. L'auteur estime que l'ensemble sous-critique, ralenti par un liquide, a cause de ses utilisations multiples et de sa securite, constitue presque la seule possiblite d'etude systematique de reseaux non uniformes. On se propose d'ajouter, a cet assemblage, des elements contenant du combustible enrichi. On pourra alors passer a l'etude systematique de reseaux mixtes. De plus, la recherche avec d'autres facteurs de non- uniformite sera plus facile parce que le flux sera plus haut. Le memoire donne quelques apercus sur le programme futur. (author) [Spanish] El autor informa sobre las investigaciones realizadas con un conjunto de uranio natural y agua ligera, y presenta algunos de los temas que constituiran el objeto de un programa futuro. La mayor parte de los datos son ineditos. Una parte reviste caracter provisional debido a que estan todavia en curso los trabajos experimentales y el analisis de los resultados. Los estudios se han concentrado en dos objetivos principales: 1. Estudio experimental de la validez de los metodos de calculos que se emplearan, particularmente en casos de geometrias especiales (distribuciones no uniformes del combustible, configuracion de subconjuntos, fronteras de forma especial, etc.). En estos casos, los estudios teoricos entranan con frecuencia ciertas dificultades de convergencia, por lo que es necesario comparar sus resultados con las distribuciones de flujo medidas. 2. Estudio de las propiedades especiales de los reticulados de uranio

Critica della teoria neoclassica della crescita e della distribuzione (A Critique of the Neoclassical Theory of Growth and Income Distribution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luigi Pasinetti

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The paper surveys the main theories of income distribution in their relationship with the theories of economic growth. First, the Classical approach is considered, focusing on the Ricardian theory. Then the neoclassical theory is discussed, highlighting its origins (Bohm-Bawerk, Wicksell, Clark and the role of the aggregate production function. The emergence of a "Keynesian" theory of income distribution in the wake of Harrod's model of growth is then recalled together with the surprising resurgence of the neoclassical theory (following the contributions of Solow and Meade. But, as the paper shows, the neoclassical theory of income distribution lacks logical consistency and has shaky foundations, as has been revealed by the severe critiques moved to the neoclassical production function. Mainstream economic literature circumvents this problem by simply ignoring it; while the models of endogenous growth exclude the issue of distribution theory from their consideration. However, while mainstream economics bypasses the problems of income distribution, this is too relevant an issue to be ignored and a number of new research lines, briefly surveyed, try new approaches to it.          JEL Codes: O41, E25Keywords: Distribution, Economic Growth, Growth, Income Distribution, Income

Study of liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium cold neutron sources; Etude de sources de neutrons froids a hydrogene et deuterium liquides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Harig, H D [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1967-12-01

In view of the plant of the cold neutron source for a high flux reactor (maximal thermal flux of about 10{sup 15} n/cm{sup 2}s) an experimental study of several cold sources of liquid hydrogen and liquid deuterium has been made in a low power reactor (100 kW, about 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2}s). We have investigated: -cold neutron sources of liquid hydrogen shaped as annular layers of different thickness. Normal liquid hydrogen was used as well as hydrogen with a high para-percentage. -Cold neutron sources of liquid deuterium in cylinders of 18 and 38 cm diameter. In this case the sources could be placed into different positions to the reactor core within the heavy water reflector. This report gives a general description of the experimental device and deals more detailed with the design of the cryogenic systems. Then, the measured results are communicated, interpreted and finally compared with those of a theoretical study about the same cold moderators which have been the matter of the experimental investigation. (authors) [French] En vue de l'installation d'une source a neutrons froids dans un reacteur a haut flux (flux thermique maximal environ 10{sup 15} n/cm{sup 2}s), nous avons fait une etude neutronique experimentale de differentes sources froides a hydrogene et a deuterium liquides aupres d'un reacteur a faible puissance (100 kW environ 10{sup 12} n/cm{sup 2}s). Nous avons etudie: des couches annulaires de differentes epaisseurs d'hydrogene liquide normal et d'hydrogene a grand pourcentage para, des cellules cylindriques de 18 et 38 cm de diametre, remplies de deuterium liquide et placees a differentes positions dans le reflecteur D{sub 2}O. Ce travail traite l'implantation de l'installation cryogenique et donne une description generale de l'experience. L'interpretation des resultats fait etat entre autres d'une comparaison entre l'experience et une etude theorique portant sur les memes moderateurs. (auteurs)

Construction, Cost and Use of an Enriched Uranium, Light-Water Subcritical Assembly; Assemblage Sous-Critique a Uranium Enrichi et Eau Legere; Realisation, Cout et Application; Realizatsiya i stoimost' podkriticheskoj sborki na obogashchennom urane i legkoj vode; Construccion, Coste y Aplicacion de un Conjunto Subcritico de Uranio Enriquecido

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vittoz, B.; Berthet, P.; Gavin, P.; Mandrin, C.; Robert, P.; Thurnheer, J. [Ecole Polytechnique de l' Universite de Lausanne (Switzerland)

1964-02-15

Designed for the experimental investigation of multiplying lattices, the Lausanne subcritical assembly is also used for teaching purposes. It is extremely versatile. The authors explain why the Nuclear Engineering Laboratory of the Ecole Polytechnique, University of Lausanne, decided to construct a subcritical assembly, relying as far as possible on its own resources, and why a slightly enriched uranium, light-water lattice was selected. The construction and arrangements are such that the lattice and neutron input parameters can be varied quickly and easily. 1. The uranium rods are vertically suspended and each suspension point has two degrees of freedom and can be continuously varied. Hence the lattice spacing, for example, can also be continuously varied. 2. The neutron input is provided by five Pu-Be sources placed in a graphite base. The spacing of these sources can also be continuously regulated. The paper discusses the safety problems the facility involves because of the fact that the reactivity can vary a great deal from one configuration to the other. It also explains the general construction and operational costs. The facility is used, inter alia, to study a non-periodic lattice with a view to obtaining a uniform flux. For this purpose the heterogeneous theory developed by Feinberg and Horning is used. A lattice in which the rods are identically arranged in non-equidistant, parallel n-planes is first considered. Each plane is a fast- neutron source and an absorber of thermal neutrons. Outside these planes, two-group diffusion equations are used. If the characteristics of a single plane are known the neutron flux for the n- planes can be forecast. These characteristics are determined experimentally, with due regard to the vertical variation of the neutron flux. The role played by the distance between the rods in a given plane is also investigated. (author) [French] Destine a l'etude experimentale des reseaux ienultiplicateurs, l'assemblage sous-critique de

Contribution to the study of point defects formed in nickel by electron bombardment; Contribution a l'etude des defauts ponctuels crees par bombardement electronique dans le nickel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Oddou, J L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, 38 - Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1968-12-01

After a short account of the experimental techniques employed in our studies, the experimental results obtained on pure nickel samples are exposed. The apparition of the successive annihilation stages of point defects created by electron bombardment is established by isochronal heat treatments: the annihilation kinetics and the corresponding activation energies are determined. The effect of the incident particle doses is also studied. The experimental results are then compared with R.A. Johnson's theoretical calculations of the stability and the migration of point defects in nickel, and taking into account the results obtained by Peretto in magnetic after effect measurements. This leads us to a model in good agreement with calculations and experiment for the first stages. In a second chapter the behaviour of nickel doped by certain impurities is studied. First, the results concerning the rate of increase of resistivity (function of sample purity) is investigated. Two possible explanations of the observed phenomenon are proposed: either a deviation with respect to Mathiessen's law, or an increase of the number of defects formed in the presence of impurity atoms. Finally, a study of the resistivity recovery of the doped samples permits us to suggest an order of magnitude for the binding energy interstitial/impurity atom in the nickel matrix. (author) [French] Apres avoir brievement rappele les techniques experimentales que nous avons utilisees pour cette etude, nous exposons les resultats experimentaux obtenus sur des echantillons de nickel pur. Les stades successifs d'annihilation des defauts ponctuels crees par bombardement electronique sont mis en evidence par traitements thermiques isochrones; les cinetiques de disparition, et les energies d'activation correspondantes sont determinees. Nous etudions egalement l'effet de la dose des particules incidentes. Les resultats experimentaux sont ensuite compares avec les calculs theoriques de R.A JOHNSON sur la stabilite

Mechanical pumps for liquid metals; Pompes mecaniques pour metaux liquides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Baumier, J; Gollion, H J [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

1964-07-01

The pumping of liquid metals by centrifugal pumps poses two principal problems. These are hermetic sealing of the rotating shaft and, its guidance where immersed in liquid metal. The solutions to the problems used on 13 experimental pumps are given here. The resolution of the guidance problem consists in the majority of cases in the utilisation of hydrostatic bearings. Accordingly, a theoretical study was instituted for the first time to calculate the bearings of the earlier pumps. After this, an experimental study was carried out, to check the theory by water tests. A relation for bearing calculation of pumps with diffusers is proposed. Finally the influence of the bearing elasticity on the shafts critical speed is studied. (authors) [French] Le pompage des metaux liquides, par des pompes centrifuges, pose 2 principaux problemes, qui sont: d'une part, la realisation d'une excellente etancheite au passage de l'arbre, d'autre part, son guidage sur la partie immergee dans le metal liquide. Les solutions retenues pour resoudre ces problemes sur 13 pompes experimentees sont presentees. Le probleme du guidage de l'arbre, a dans la majorite des cas ete resolu en utilisant un palier hydrostatique, aussi l'etude en a d'abord ete approfondie de facon theorique pour calculer les paliers des premieres pompes, puis experimentale pour controler la theorie, en effectuant des essais a l'eau. On propose une relation pour calculer les paliers des pompes a diffuseurs. On a en outre effectue une etude de l'influence de l'elasticite du palier hydrostatique sur la vitesse critique de l'arbre. (auteurs)

An approach to automated chromosome analysis; Etudes pour une methode d'automatisation des analyses chromosomiques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Le Go, Roland

1972-05-03

d'une automatisation des differentes etapes de l'analyse chromosomique. Il est divise en trois tomes dont la matiere est decrite ci-apres. Dans le tome 1 est decrite l'etude d'un selecteur automatique de metaphases. Cet appareil doit realiser au cours du scanning d'une preparation, un processus de decision aboutissant a rejeter toutes images ininteressantes et a conserver les images pertinentes (bonnes metaphases). Ce probleme a ete aborde au moyen d'une etude sur ordinateur par un programme de simulation. La realisation de ce programme a permis d'etablir des algorithmes de selection dont la replique pourra etre realisee dans des circuits logiques electroniques. Dans le tome 2 est traite le probleme de l'automatisation de l'etude morphologique des chromosomes presents dans une metaphase. Cette automatisation necessite le traitement des photographies de metaphases par un appareil convertisseur optique-numerique qui extrait l'information-image et la transcrit sous la forme d'un fichier numerique. Ce fichier comporte pour une image de metaphase, environ 200 000 valeurs de gris, codees selon une echelle a 16, 32 ou 64 ni veaux. Ce fichier numerique est traite par un programme de reconnaissance de forme, qui isole les chromosomes et en recherche les traits caracteristiques: sommets de bras et region centromerique, dans le but d'obtenir des mensurations equivalentes aux longueurs des quatre bras. Le tome 3 etudie un programme d'etablissement automatique du caryotype humain, par appariement optimise des chromosomes. Les donnees proviennent de la numerisation directe des longueurs de bras, effectuee au moyen d'un lecteur digital BENSON. Le programme etablit une liste des appariements, un document graphique imprime representant les paires constituees, dans l'espace: longueur - index centromerique; enfin un document graphique obtenu sur traceur BENSON dans lequel l'auteur donne une representation personnelle des chromosomes, sous forme de croix a bras orthogonaux, dont chaque