Contaminação da microbacia de Caetés com metais pesados pelo uso de agroquímicos Heavy metals contamination of a watershed in Caetés by the use of agrochemicals

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JAIR FELIPE GARCIA PEREIRA RAMALHO

2000-07-01

Full Text Available Com o objetivo de avaliar a contaminação do solo, sedimentos, água e plantas por metais pesados, decorrente do uso de agroquímicos, na microbacia de Caetés em Paty do Alferes, RJ, amostras de solo foram analisadas, em 1996, para obter os teores totais de Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn de duas áreas com diferentes declividades (25% e 45% tendo, ambas, como cobertura vegetal, capoeira, pasto e olericultura. Os resultados referentes aos solos sob pastagem (antiga área de olericultura mostraram maiores teores de metais pesados do que a área de capoeira. Entretanto, esses valores não atingiram níveis críticos no solo, e esses elementos estavam presentes em formas químicas pouco disponíveis para absorção pelas plantas, como foi constatado na análise de metais pesados em tomate (Lycopersicum esculentum L., pimentão (Capsicum annuum L., repolho (Brassica oleracea L. e pepino (Cucumis sativus L., que apresentaram níveis baixíssimos desses elementos. Nas amostras de sedimentos, o comportamento dos metais pesados foi semelhante ao obtido nos solos, estando esses elementos distribuídos em maior porcentagem nas frações residual, ligadas a óxidos de Mn e Fe e ligadas à matéria orgânica. As amostras de água do córrego e do açude que cortam a microbacia apresentaram valores acima dos padrões internacionais com relação a Cd, Pb e Mn.To evaluate heavy metals contamination of soil, sediments, water and plants of the Caetés watershed, in Paty do Alferes, RJ, Brazil, by the use of agrochemicals, samples from two areas with different declivities (25% and 45% were analysed, in 1996, for total contents of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. The results for the soils under pasture (lately horticulture showed higher heavy metals contents in comparison to the brushwood area. However, these contents didn't reach the critical levels for soils, and these elements were present in chemical forms of low disponibility for plant absorption, as it was seen

Uso del ácido etilendiaminotetraacético para evaluar la biodisponibilidad de metales pesados en lechuga

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Y. Cordero,

2009-01-01

Los metales pesados se acumularon principalmente en el sistema radical de las plantas, con posibilidades de ser traslocados posteriormente hacia las hojas y acumularse en ellas, luego de culminar su ciclo vegetativo.

Metais pesados em solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de chumbo: I - Fitoextração Heavy metals in soils of a lead mining and metallurgy area: I - Phytoextraction

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Maurício Gomes de Andrade

2009-12-01

Full Text Available A fitoextração tem sido sugerida como alternativa viável às práticas tradicionais de recuperação de solos contaminados por metais pesados (remoção do solo e destinação em aterros ou coprocessamento em cimento, etc., em razão dos menores custos e por ser menos impactante ao ambiente. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a fitoextração induzida (uso de ácido cítrico como agente quelante de metais pesados, com o cultivo de aveia-preta (Avena strigosa Schreber, girassol (Helianthus annuus L. e grama-batatais (Paspalum notatum Flügge, em solos poluídos (solos 2, 3 e 4 de uma área de mineração de Pb em Adrianópolis (PR. O solo 1 foi amostrado em área de mata nativa (referência. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com três repetições. Foram determinados os teores de Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, Cr e Zn no solo com HNO3/HCl (3:1 concentrados. Após a colheita das plantas, determinaram-se a massa de matéria seca e os teores de metais pesados nas raízes e parte aérea (digestão nítrico-perclórica. Os solos contaminados (2, 3 e 4 apresentaram as seguintes faixas de teores de metais pesados (mg kg-1: Pb - 2.598,5 a 9.678,2; Cd - 1,9 a 22,2; Cu - 165,5 a 969,2; Ni - 22,6 a 38,4; Cr - 15,2 a 27,8; e Zn - 87,4 a 894,8. A adição de quelante não induziu a uma absorção mais efetiva de metais pesados pelas plantas. O solo 2 possibilitou melhor crescimento das plantas, e o girassol deve ser preferido na fitorremediação das áreas sob as mesmas condições. Na área próxima à planta fabril (solo 3 e nas áreas com grande ocorrência de rejeitos (solo 4, a fitoextração não foi eficiente. Nesses ambientes, recomenda-se o estudo de outras plantas nativas e, ou, exóticas resistentes a altos teores de Pb (solo 3 ou a remobilização de solo mais rejeito para aterros industriais (solo 4.Phytoextraction has been suggested as a viable alternative to traditional restoration practices for heavy metal-contaminated soils (e.g., soil

Presencia de metales pesados en cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L. orgánico

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Hugo Alfredo Huamaní-Yupanqui

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La presencia de metales pesados en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L. es actualmente un grave problema para agricultores y cooperativas de las regiones Huánuco y Ucayali, Perú. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los contenidos de cadmio y plomo en suelos y hojas del cacao en estas regiones. Para el efecto se recolectaron y analizaron en laboratorio muestras tomadas en 22 parcelas con cultivos orgánicos de esta especie, 17 en la región Huánuco y cinco en la región Ucayali. Se realizaron análisis de correlación de Pearson entre los contenidos de plomo y cadmio disponibles en el suelo con variables foliares (P, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cd, Pb y del suelo (arena, arcilla y K. En los suelos, sólo en el caso de potasio se presentan deficiencias; mientras que en el tejido foliar se presentaron deficiencias de N, P, K, Mg y Zn. Los valores promedio de cadmio y plomo disponible en los suelos fueron 0.53 y 3.02 ppm y en las hojas de cacao de 0.21 y 0.58 ppm respectivamente.

Zonación de la contaminación por metales pesados en la cuenca del Almendares según mapeo de la susceptibilidad magnética

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Ida Inés Pedroso-Herrera

2013-09-01

Full Text Available La susceptibilidad magnética de los suelos de la cuenca del río Almendares se tomó como indicador preliminar de la contaminación potencial por metales pesados. Para obtener el esquema de zonación de la contaminación se realizaron mediciones de la susceptibilidad magnética en polígonos y perfiles de áreas potencialmente contaminadas. Se realizó un levantamiento kappamétrico a escala 1: 200 000, usando una red de 2x2 km, y se elaboraron estadísticamente datos de susceptibilidad magnética en suelos contaminados y en los no contaminados por metales pesados. Con base en la nueva versión de la Clasificación Genética de los Suelos de Cuba, los resultados de la elaboración estadística de los datos de susceptibilidad magnética y las concentraciones de metales pesados en muestras de suelo, se establecieron los rangos de susceptibilidad magnética que caracterizan los suelos contaminados en los grupos genéticos presentes en la cuenca. Como resultado se obtuvo el mapa de zonación de la contaminación por metales pesados de la cuenca del río Almendares

Metales pesados en tejido muscular del bagre Ariopsis felis en el sur del golfo de México (2001-2004 Heavy metals in muscular tissue of the catfish, Ariopsis felis, in the southern Gulfof México (2001-2004

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Felipe Vázquez

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Se analizó el contenido de metales pesados en tejido muscular del bagre, Ariopsis felis en el sur del golfo de México durante el período 2001-2004. La investigación fue efectuada buscando establecer un marco de referencia ambiental para este organismo. La concentración metálica siguió el orden: Hg We analyzed the heavy metal content in the muscular tissue of the catfish, Ariopsis felis, in the southern Gulf of México between 2001 and 2004. The research was done in order to establish an environmental frame of reference for this organism. The metal concentration was as follows: Hg < Co < Pb < Ni < V < Cr. Cobalt and vanadium contents were found to decrease and those of nickel, mercury, and chromium to ulerease; however, neither of these trends was observed for the lead content. One-way analyses of variance con-firm significant temporal variation only for cobalt, mercury, lead, and vanadium. Significant linear correlation coefficients (p ≤ 0.05 were found for Co-V, Cr-Ni, Cr-Pb, Co-Hg, Ni-V, and V-Pb. The first three associa-tions showed positive correlations, whereas the remaining ones had negative correlations. A factor analysis grouped the studied metals depending on their origins. The metal levels found in the muscular tissue of A. felis from the southern Gulf of México were lower than those set by national and international regulations.

Organic acids effects on desorption of heavy metals from a contaminated soil Ácidos orgânicos e seus efeitos na dessorção de metais pesados em solo contaminado

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Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Phytoremediation of heavy metals is a biotechnology that extracts metals from soils and transfer them to plant. As hyperaccumulator species have demonstrated low potential for commercial phytoextraction, synthetic chelates have been successfully used to induce accumulation of metals by high-biomass plants. However, they pose serious environmental drawbacks regarding excessive amount of metals solubilized. In search for synthetic chelate-alternatives, this paper evaluate the performance of DTPA, EDTA, citric acid, oxalic acid, vanillic acid, and gallic acid in desorbing Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni from soil. DTPA and EDTA were highly effective in desorbing Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Ni from soil. However, the excessively high concentration of metals brought in solution by such chelates limits their application in the field. Citric and oxalic acids desorbed substantial quantities of Zn, Cu, and Ni if applied at 10 or 20 mmol kg-1. At the 20 mmol kg-1 dose, vanillic and gallic acids solubilized significant amounts of Zn, Ni, and Cd from soil. None of the tested low molecular weight organic acids substantially increased the Pb concentration in soil solution.Fitoremediação de metais pesados é uma biotecnologia que usa plantas para extrair metais pesados de solos e transferi-los para a parte aérea. Como espécies naturalmente hiperacumuladoras de metais têm demonstrado baixo potencial para fitoextração comercial, agentes quelantes sintéticos são utilizados para induzir acumulação de metais em plantas de alta produção de biomassa. Esses quelantes, entretanto, apresentam a limitação ambiental de solubilizarem quantidades excessivamente altas de metais. Em busca de alternativas para o uso de quelantes sintéticos, o trabalho avaliou a capacidade de seis quelantes (DTPA, EDTA, ácido cítrico, ácido oxálico, ácido vanílico e ácido gálico na dessorção de Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu e Ni de um solo contaminado. DTPA e EDTA foram eficientes na dessorção de

Contenido de metales pesados en agua y sedimento en el bajo Nanay

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Victor Sotero Solís

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta en este estudio la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en agua y mercurio en sedimentos del rio Nanay, s realizó el muestreo desde el caserío Libertad, hasta su desembocadura en el rio Amazonas, en las épocas de creciente y vaciante del año 2011. La cuenca del rio Nanay comprende 340 km2 s y alberga a cuatro comunidades nativas y ocho campesinas y además tiene influencia sobre los distritos de San Juan, Iquitos y Punchana, además de ser la fuente de agua potable para la población de estos distritos. Los análisis de metales pesados se realizarán utilizando la técnica de la absorción atómica en el laboratorio de Sustancias Naturales Bioactivas del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana (IIAP. Según los resultados de añiláis de agua el plomo y mercurio se encuentran presentes sen concentraciones mayores que lo indicado por las normas nacionales. El plomo tanto en creciente es en promedio de 0,111 ppm y 0,053 ppm respectivamente y el mercurio en vaciante se encuentra en 0,008 ppm Del mismo modo la presencia de mercurio es alta en los sedimentos que acompañan a este rio con 1,636 ppm en creciente y 3,03 ppm en vaciante.

Contenido de metales pesados en agua y sedimento en el bajo Nanay

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Víctor Sotero Solís

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Se presenta en este estudio la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en agua  y mercurio en sedimentos del rio Nanay, s realizó el muestreo desde el caserío Libertad, hasta su desembocadura en el rio Amazonas, en las épocas de creciente y vaciante del año 2011. La cuenca del rio Nanay comprende 340 km2 s y alberga a cuatro comunidades nativas y ocho campesinas y además tiene influencia sobre los distritos de San Juan, Iquitos y Punchana, además de ser la fuente de agua potable para la población de estos distritos. Los análisis de metales pesados se realizaran utilizando la técnica de la absorción atómica en el laboratorio de Sustancias Naturales Bioactivas del Instituto de Investigaciones de la amazonia Peruana (IIAP. Según los resultados de añiláis de agua el plomo y mercurio se encuentran presentes sen concentraciones mayores que lo indicado por las normas nacionales. El plomo tanto en creciente es en promedio de 0,111 ppm y 0,053 ppm respectivamente y el mercurio en vaciante se encuentra en 0,008 ppm Del mismo modo la presencia de mercurio es alta en los sedimentos que acompañan a este rio con 1,636 ppm en creciente y 3,03 ppm en vaciante.

Desarrollo y validación de un método ambientalmente amigable para determinación de metales pesados en pastos

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Amanda Lucia Chaparro

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Los metales pesados son peligrosos para los seres vivos y el medio ambiente, pues no pueden ser degradados y pueden llegar a los seres humanos a través la cadena trófica, por lo tanto, su determinación en diferentes matrices para consumo humano y animal, es de vital importancia. La metodología más utilizada para su extracción, es cenizas, la cual conlleva a tiempos largos de análisis y elevado consumo de energía, por esta razón, en el presente trabajo se desarrolló y validó un método ambientalmente amigable para la digestión y extracción de Cd+2 y Pb+2 en pastos, utilizando ultrasonido y espectroscopia de absorción atómica. Se evaluaron diferentes variables que afectan la digestión, como posición en el ultrasonido, peso de muestra, solvente, volumen del solvente, tiempo de sonicación y tipo de recipiente, en muestras de pastos dopadas con los metales, teniéndose como variable de respuesta, el porcentaje de recuperación. Las condiciones para extraer Cd+2 y Pb+2 en estas pasturas, fueron: 0,50g de tejido vegetal; 3,00mL de HCl:HNO3-3:1 expuestos 60min al ultrasonido, en tubos de vidrio cónicos. Este procedimiento mostró un comportamiento lineal en el rango de 0,50 - 8,00mg/Kg con R2 de 0,99 tanto para Cd como para Pb. Los límites de detección y cuantificación, fueron 0,25 y 0,43mg/Kg para Cd; 0,22 y 0,37mg/Kg para Pb. La metodología propuesta, se comparó con la técnica clásica y permitió determinar niveles trazas de estos metales tóxicos, en forraje proveniente del Magdalena medio, con porcentajes de recuperación de 97,54 y 98,62%, respectivamente.

Biosorption of Cd, Cr, Mn, and Pb from aqueous solutions by Bacillus sp strains isolated from industrial waste activate sludge

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Rocío García

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los microorganismos tienen capacidad de acumular metales pesados como agentes bioadsorbentes ofreciendo una alternativa para la remoción de metales tóxicos en aguas de efluentes industriales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue aislar e identificar bacterias tolerantes a los metales pesados (Cd, Cr, Mn y Pb de lodos activados provenientes de la planta de tratamiento de agua del Municipio de Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro. Para seleccionar las bacterias que son tolerantes a los metales se aislaron 37 cepas bacterianas de las cuales se seleccionaron la Cepa-13 y Cepa-16 (C-13 y C-16, que presentaron una máxima capacidad de adsorción para los metales estudiados. En este artículo, el término biosorción describe la remoción de contaminantes y la utilización de biomasas (muerta mediante mecanismos fisicoquímicos como el proceso de adsorción o de intercambio iónico. Para obtener las condiciones de máxima adsorción se aplicó un tratamiento alcalino y uno ácido. La capacidad de adsorción fue menor en medio ácido que el bioadsorbente con tratamiento alcalino. Una segunda etapa del estudio fue la biosorción de metales pesados (Cd, Cr, Mn, y Pb utilizando las biomasas muertas de Bacillus sp (cepa C13 y C16 aisladas de los lodos activados de la primera etapa.

Estudo de metais pesados (Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb e Zn na Bacia do Tarumã-Açu Manaus (AM Heavy metal (Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb e Zn study in the Tarumã-Açu Basin Manaus (AM

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Genilson Pereira Santana

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Os resíduos gerados em domicílios incluem diversos produtos, como pesticidas, produtos farmacêuticos, detergentes, óleos de cozinha, metais pesados contidos em baterias e outros utensílios. Esses resíduos são lançados continuamente em aterro sanitário ou lixões em cidades como Manaus. O chorume produzido nesses aterros, quando não tratados, contamina recursos hídricos superficiais e subterrâneos. Neste estudo foi feita uma avaliação das conseqüências da liberação do chorume no sistema hídrico da bacia do Tarumã-Açu. Amostras de água e sedimento foram coletadas nos igarapés Matrinxã, Acará, Bolívia, bacia do Tarumã-Açu e dentro do aterro sanitário (Manaus - Amazonas - Brasil em março 2001. As amostras de água foram filtradas em filtro Milipore (0,45 mm de poro e, em seguida, tratadas com HNO3 concentrado. As amostras de sedimento foram peneiradas em malha de 0,053 mm e digeridas com HCl:HNO3 (1:3 a 150ºC. As concentrações de alguns metais pesados (Co, Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb e Zn foram determinadas nas amostras de água e sedimento por espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama. Os resultados revelaram que a concentração dos metais pesados é muito acima dos permitidos pela resolução 357/2005 do CONAMA em praticamente todos os locais amostrados, mostrando que o Aterro Sanitário é um dos principais responsáveis pelo impacto ambiental observado nos corpos hídricos estudados. As análises dos componentes principais (PCA e hierárquica de cluster (HCA, revelam que os pontos de coleta localizados dentro do aterro sanitário apresentam características diferentes dos outros locais amostrados. Além disso, o HCA e PCA mostraram que existe uma similaridade entre os pontos de coleta localizados fora do aterro o que permite afirmar que o chorume do aterro se dissolve por todo corpo hídrico estudado.Domestic sewage involves several products, such as pesticides, pharmaceutics products, detergents, soybean oil

Metodologías para establecer valores de referencia de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas: Perspectivas para Colombia

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Rueda Saa Germán

2011-09-01

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Los problemas ambientales de los metales pesados en los suelos están relacionados con su carácter tóxico cuando se acumulan o cuando interactüan con algunas propiedades especificas, se movilizan a  través del perfil a la cadena trófica mediante los cuerpos de agua o los cultivos y pueden llegar a afectar la salud humana. En países desarrollados el establecimiento de valores de referencia de estos metales ha permitido el mejoramiento de la planeación y la gestión ambiental del recurso suelo, y se ha convertido en un instrumento de control para las entidades ambientales que ha permitido evaluar el impacto en diferentes actividades agrícolas.

En este artículo se analizan diferentes conceptos relacionados con los niveles de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas y la incidencia de las características edafológicas en su concentración. Se revisan, igualmente, algunas metodologias para derivar valores de referencia especificos aplicables a suelos agrícolas colombianos, y se plantean algunas perspectivas orientadas a la protección y recuperación de suelos en el país. En Colombia en la actualidad no se cuenta con criterios y estándares de calidad para metales pesados en suelos agrícolas; por esto se hace necesario gestionar el apoyo de entidades gubernamentales con el fin de iniciar y desarrollar investigaciones en diferentes sectores agricolas primarios, contribuyendo de esta forma a garantizar la producción agrícola y la sostenibilidad ambiental del recurso suelo.

Distribución de metales pesados en los sedimentos superficiales del Saco del Golfo de Cariaco, Sucre, Venezuela

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María Valentina Fuentes H

2010-10-01

Full Text Available El Golfo de Cariaco es un ecosistema marino con mucha productividad primaria, lo que le confiere especial importancia ecológica y socioeconómica. Sin embargo, los desechos de las actividades antropogénicas son descargados directamente o arrastradas por las escorrentías. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la distribución de cadmio, cobre, plomo, manganeso, níquel y zinc en las fracciones geoquímica de los sedimentos superficiales, usando el método modificado de extracción secuencial de la Comunidad Europea (BCR. Las concentraciones de los metales fueron medidas por espectroscopía de absorción atómica. Además, se compararon los contenidos de metales intercambiables y asociados a los carbonatos determinados por el procedimiento BCR modificado con los determinados por el método de Campanella. La recolección de muestras se hizo en 12 estaciones del sector oriental del Golfo de Cariaco, Estado Sucre, específicamente en el sector conocido como el Saco, en junio 2007. Las metodologías aplicadas fueron evaluadas usando un material de referencia certificado de sedimentos marino (HISS - 1. Los resultados indicaron que los métodos proveen exactitud y precisión adecuadas para la extracción de metales. Las concentraciones totales (μg g-1 fueron, Cd: < límite de detección (LD-5.0; Pb: 1.79- 60.41; Cu: no detectado (ND-42.18; Zn: 25.13-104.57; Mn: 66.31-80.29 y Ni: 3.29-24.58. Cd, Cu, Ni y Pb excedieron en varias estaciones los límites que pueden afectar la biota, establecidos por la Guía de Evaluación de la Calidad de los Sedimentos de Canadá. El cadmio fue el metal identificado como el más móvil, teniendo las más altas concentraciones como intercambiable y asociado a las fracciones de carbonatos. Sin embargo, Pb, Cu, Mn y Zn mostraron su mayor abundancia en la fracción asociada a materia orgánica y azufre. Los métodos no presentan diferencias significativas para extraer la primera fracción. Se encontraron

Susceptibility of Arcobacter butzleri to heavy metals Sensibilidade de Arcobacter butzleri a metais pesados

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Laura Otth

2005-09-01

Full Text Available The susceptibility of 50 strains of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from chicken liver [12], mussels [18], river water [6] and bovine [5], duck [2] and pelicans [7] feces to mercury (Hg, chromium (Cr, silver (Ag, nickel (Ni, cobalt (Co, iron (Fe, manganese (Mn, molybdenum (Mo and lead (Pb was determined.All the strains were resistant to Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb and Fe and susceptible to Hg, Ag and Cr. MIC values showed high variability, indicating a non homogeneous behavior among the strains.Arcobacter butzleri é um bacilo Gram negativo de caráter zoonótico, pertencente à Família Campylobacteraceae, que tem sido associado a diarréia e septicemia no ser humano. A susceptibilidade de 50 amostras de A. butzleri isoladas de fígados de frango [12], mariscos [18], água de rio [6] e fezes de bovinos [5], patos [2] e pelicanos [7] aos metais pesados mercúrio (Hg, cromo (Cr, prata (Ag, níquel (Ni, cobalto Co, ferro (Fe, manganês (Mn, molibdênio (Mo e chumbo (Pb foi determinada.Todas as amostras foram resistentes a Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Pb e Fe, sendo susceptíveis a Hg, Ag e Cr. Os valores das CIM apresentaram alta variabilidade indicando um comportamento não homogêneo entre as amostras.

La corteza de pino como adsorbente natural de metales pesados en suelos contaminados

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Cutillas Barreiro, Laura

2017-01-01

La contaminación de suelos por metales pesados se está convirtiendo en una preocupación ambiental en las últimas décadas debido al incremento de las actividades industriales y al progreso de la agricultura, que pueden provocar que se eleven sus concentraciones hasta niveles potencialmente fitotóxicos, provocando una pérdida de la calidad del suelo y limitando su uso. Esto también puede afectar a la calidad de las aguas, tanto superficiales como freáticas, ampliando así el impac...

Metales pesados en el riñón del delfín franciscana, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetácea: Pontoporiidae y su relación con parámetros biológicos Heavy metals in kidney tissues of Franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei (Cetacea: Pontoporiidae, and their relationship with biological parameters

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María V Panebianco

2011-11-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se determinó los niveles de metales pesados (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr y Ni en el tejido renal del delfín franciscana, Pontoporia blainvillei, y se estableció la influencia de los parámetros ecológicos y biológicos sobre la bioacumulación de estos elementos. Se analizaron muestras de 38 ejemplares colectados entre 2004 y 2010 en el sur de Buenos Aires, Argentina. La edad de los animales y el estado de madurez sexual se determinaron por métodos histológicos, y los niveles de metales pesados por Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica. No se determinaron diferencias significativas para las concentraciones de Zn, Cu y Cd entre ambos sexos. Los niveles de Cd presentaron diferencias según el estado de madurez sexual y se relacionaron positivamente con la longitud, peso corporal y edad. Los niveles de Cd, Cu y Zn resultaron menores a los informados en estudios previos realizados en el norte de Buenos Aires y Uruguay.Heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr,Ni concentrations were determined in the kidney tissue of the Franciscana dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, and the influence of ecological and biological parameters on the bioaccumulation of these elements was established. Samples from 38 specimens, collected between 2004 and 2010 off southern Buenos Aires, Argentina, were analyzed. Histological methods were used to determine both the age and sexual maturity of the animals. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. No significant differences were found by sex for Zn, Cu, and Cd. However, Cd levels differed between maturity stages and were positively related to length, body weight, and age. The Cd, Cu, and Zn levels reported here in were lower than those included in previous studies done off northern Buenos Aires and Uruguay.

Uso de bacterias sulfato-reductoras inmovilizadas para la precipitación de metales pesados

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Vicente, Mariana Soledad

2006-01-01

Los objetivos de la tesis son: utilizar bacterias sulfato-reductoras para la precipitación de metales pesados; caracterizar el crecimiento de bacterias del género Desulfovibrio en distintas condiciones de cultivo; caracterizar la precipitación de iones metálicos por bacterias del género Desulfovibrio en cultivos batch; caracterizar el crecimiento de bacterias del género Desulfovibrio inmovilizadas sobre diferentes soportes inerte; caracterizar la precipitación de iones metálicos con bacterias...

Metodologías para establecer valores de referencia de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas: perspectivas para Colombia

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Germán Rueda Saa

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Los impactos ambientales de los metales pesados en los suelos están relacionados con su carácter tóxico cuando se acumulan o interactúan con algunas propiedades específicas, se movilizan a través del perfil a la cadena trófica mediante los cuerpos de agua o los cultivos y pueden llegar a afectar la salud humana. En países desarrollados el establecimiento de valores de referencia de estos metales ha permitido el mejoramiento de la planeación y la gestión ambiental del recurso suelo, y se ha convertido en un instrumento de control para las entidades ambientales que ha permitido evaluar el impacto en diferentes actividades agrícolas. En este artículo se analizan diversos conceptos relacionados con los niveles de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas y la incidencia de las características edafológicas en su concentración. Se revisan, igualmente, algunas metodologías para derivar valores de referencia específicos aplicables a suelos agrícolas colombianos, y se plantean algunas perspectivas orientadas a la protección y recuperación de suelos en el país. En Colombia en la actualidad no se cuenta con criterios y estándares de calidad para medir la contaminación por metales pesados en suelos agrícolas; por esto se hace necesario gestionar el apoyo de entidades gubernamentales con el fin de iniciar y desarrollar investigaciones en diferentes sectores agrícolas primarios, contribuyendo de esta forma a garantizar una producción más limpia y la sostenibilidad ambiental del recurso suelo.

FONTES E TRANSPORTE DE METAIS PESADOS PARA ENSEADA DE JURUJUBA (BAIA DE GUANABARA RJ - BRASIL

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José Antônio Baptista Neto

2005-12-01

Full Text Available As fontes de sedimentos e metais pesados para um estuário urbanizado são complexas e difusas. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo acessar as principais fontes de metais pesados para a enseada de Jurujuba (RJ. Analisaram- se as concentrações dos elementos Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn e Fe, em amostras de solo, rios e escoamento superficial urbano, bem como sedimentos de marinas. Apesar de se poderem distinguir as fontes naturais das antrópicas de metais pesados para a Enseada de Jurujuba, é evidente que os processos de urbanização são os principais responsáveis pelas maiores concentrações de metais pesados para a enseada, através de rios e escoamento superficial urbano. No entanto, não se podem desprezar a deposição atmosférica e as atividades náuticas como importantes fontes de poluição.Palavras-chave: fontes de sedimentos, poluição de metais pesados, Enseada de Jurujuba, processo de urbanização.

Evaluación de metales pesados en los suelos del coto minero manganesífero Cristo -Barrancas

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Pedro S. Bergues-Garrido

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Se estudiaron muestras de suelo de la antigua mina de manganeso Cristo-Barrancas y áreas adyacentes para evaluar el contenido de metales pesados (Cd, Ni, Pb, Co, Zn, Cu y Cr atendiendo a que, en la actualidad, algunos de estos suelos se dedican al cultivo de plantaciones para el consumo humano y animal. Se calcularon los índices de geoacumulación y de carga de polución, así como el factor de enriquecimiento y el grado de contaminación. Los resultados revelaron contaminación moderada por Cd, Co y Cu en ambas zonas y una ligera contaminación por Ni en el área de la mina. El empleo adicional de los estándares holandeses (lista ABC corroboró los niveles de contaminación obtenidos, al encontrarse los valores resultantes para el Cd, Co, Cu y Ni entre el nivel de referencia A y el nivel de contenido máximo admisible B; asimismo los resultados de la evaluación de los índices y estándares holandeses indicaron que, prácticamente, no existe contaminación por Pb, Cr y Zn. La contaminación moderada, principalmente por Cd, puede invalidar los suelos para el cultivo de hortalizas y viandas debido a la capacidad que tienen estos vegetales para absorber y acumular el cadmio en sus hojas, bulbos y tubérculos, los que al ser ingeridos pueden ocasionar daños a la salud.

Presencia de metales pesados en cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) orgánico

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Huamaní-Yupanqui, Hugo Alfredo; Huauya-Rojas, Miguel ángel; Mansilla-Minaya, Luis Germán; Florida-Rofner, Nelino; Neira-Trujillo, Gilmer Milton

2012-01-01

La presencia de metales pesados en el cultivo de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) es actualmente un grave problema para agricultores y cooperativas de las regiones Huánuco y Ucayali, Perú. En el presente trabajo se evaluaron los contenidos de cadmio y plomo en suelos y hojas del cacao en estas regiones. Para el efecto se recolectaron y analizaron en laboratorio muestras tomadas en 22 parcelas con cultivos orgánicos de esta especie, 17 en la región Huánuco y cinco en la región Ucayali. Se realizaron...

Remoción de Cd y Pb y reducción de Cr(VI) en agua sintética y residual de una industria de galvanoplastia utilizando biomasa bacteriana

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Ceron Rios, Cecilia Araceli

2015-01-01

La contaminación del agua por metales pesados tales como Cd, Pb y Cr(VI) se ha incrementado en forma paralela a la actividad industrial debido a la falta de cumplimiento de la normatividad en la materia y a la inadecuada disposición y manejo de desechos industriales, la exposición a metales pesados en determinadas circunstancias es la causa de la degradación y muerte de la vegetación, ríos, animales e incluso, de daños directos en el hombre. Cierto grupo de bacterias presentan la capacidad d...

Evaluación de la mutagenicidad causada por metales pesados presentes en agua del río Cauca en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia

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Aura H. Vivas

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la mutagenicidad del agua del río Cauca debida a la presencia de metales pesados en la zona urbana de la Ciudad de Santiago de Cali, a partir de muestras tomadas en la temporada seca y lluviosa en el año 2013. Los metales se extrajeron pasando el agua por la resina Amberlite XAD-16. Las concentraciones de los metales pesados se midieron por absorción atómica y la mutagenicidad se evaluó por medio del test de Ames, con las cepas TA98 y TA100 de Salmonella typhimurium con y sin activador enzimático S9. Los resultados mostraron índices de mutagenicidad (IM positivos (IM > 2,0 para muestras colectadas en temporada lluviosa en tres de los cinco puntos evaluados: puente El Hormiguero (IM = 3,6, desembocadura del Canal Colector Sur (IM = 2,9 y desembocadura del río Cali (IM = 2,7, todos con la cepa TA98 sin S9. Estos sitios presentaron a su vez las mayores concentraciones totales de metales pesados en sus extractos. El análisis de la variación espacio-temporal del índice mutagénico se realizó haciendo un análisis de varianza multifactorial del IM. Los resultados encontrados indican que la época de muestreo contribuye significativamente a la variabilidad del IM, mientras que los puntos de muestreo no.

Estrés oxidativo y respuestas fisiológicas a la acumulación de metales pesados en Betula celtiberica micorrizada y no micorrizada cultivada en un suelo contaminado

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Murube Torcida, Ester Maria

2014-01-01

Los metales pesados no son biodegradables lo que hace que sean contaminantes muy persistentes en el medio ambiente, lo que supone un grave riesgo no sólo para la salud medioambiental sino también para la salud humana. La fitorremediación se presenta como una alternativa biológica sencilla y viable en la descontaminación de suelos; sin embargo, está influenciada por la biodisponibilidad de los metales pesados en el suelo así como por su toxicidad y por las actividades microbianas de la rizosfe...

Heavy metals in Oxisols amended with biosolids and cropped with maize in a long-term experiment Metais pesados em latossolos tratados com biossólido e cultivados com milho em experimento de longa duração

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Katarzyna Wójcik Oliveira

2005-08-01

Full Text Available Biosolids comprise organic matter and plant nutrients, but are also a source of heavy metals hazardous to soils, plants and humans. The aim of this work was to evaluate accumulation, movement in the soil profile and availability to maize plants of heavy metals in two oxisols amended with biosolids for five years. The experiment was carried out in Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, under field conditions, using a split-plot design. Biosolids were added to the soils at four different rates, 0.0 (control with mineral fertilization, 2.5; 5.0 and 10.0 t ha-1, dry weight basis, annualy for three years. In the fourth and fifth years, the 2.5 t ha-1 treatment rate was increased to 20.0 t ha-1. In the fifth year, soil samples were collected at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depths and analyzed for Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn total and extractable (Mehlich 1 contents. Biosolids increased the concentration of Ni and Zn in the Typic Eutrorthox, and of Ni, Pb, Zn and Cu in the Typic Haplorthox, but values did not exceed critical limits established by legislation. The elements generally accumulated in the 0-20 cm depth. Lead and Ni concentrations in grains were below detection limits. In general, heavy metals contents in maize plants were not affected by application of biosolids. Mehlich 1 extractant was not efficient in predicting the availability of Ni, Mn, and Pb to maize plants.O biossólido contém em sua composição matéria orgânica e nutrientes das plantas, mas também metais pesados danosos para solos, plantas e a saúde humana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de metais pesados e sua mobilidade no perfil do solo, assim como a disponibilidade para plantas de milho cultivadas em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd e Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef tratados com doses crescentes de biossólido durante cinco anos. O experimento foi conduzido em Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil, em condições de campo, utilizando-se delineamento de parcelas subdivididas com cinco

Efecto del secado de los biosólidos de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales El Salitre (Bogotá sobre su contenido de nutrientes, metales pesados y patógenos

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Giraldo Óscar

2006-12-01

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Se acondicionó el biosólido proveniente  de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales El Salitre, en Bogotá, para su uso agrícola o forestal, de tal manera que el producto obtenido se encontrara dentro de los límites máximos permisibles de contaminantes establecidos por la estadounidense Environmental Protection Agency (EPA y su contenido de nutrientes se afectara en la menor proporción posible. Se realizaron tratamientos térmicos a temperaturas de 50, 55, 60, 65 y 70 °C, y se determinó el contenido de coliformes totales, E. coli y Salmonella, el contenido de nutrientes totales (N, P, K y metales pesados disponibles (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, antes y después de cada uno de los tratamientos. Los tratamientos de secado entre 55-70 °C redujeron los coliformes totales y E. coli hasta niveles apropiados para que el biosólido pueda ser utilizado en aplicaciones forestales. Aunque los contenidos de nutrientes del producto se redujeron entre 75% y 95%, aún se considera apropiados para su utilización como fertilizante. Los metales Cu y Zn aumentaron sus contenidos disponibles después de los tratamientos, Cd y Cr no fueron detectados y los contenidos de  algunos metales pesados (Mn, Ni, Pb se redujeron con el proceso de secado. Sin embargo, para  todos  los metales los valores se encontraron por debajo de los límites establecidos por la EPA para la aplicación del biosólido en terrenos agrícolas. Se concluyó que el tratamiento de secado de biosólido puede considerarse como una opción válida para su acondicionamiento para uso forestal.

Afección de suelos agrícolas por metales pesados en áreas limítrofes a explotaciones mineras del Sureste de España

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F. Belmonte Serrato

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se analiza la contaminación por metales en suelos agrícolas en el entorno de la Sierra minera de Cartagena-La Unión. El muestreo se realizó cogiendo 20 muestras de suelo en uso agrícola mediante una distribución aleatoria en un área de unos 100 km2 en torno a la Sierra Minera. Los resultados han detectado concentraciones importantes, que alcanzan y superan los niveles máximos permitidos por diversas normativas internacionales de hasta 11 de los elementos denominados «metales pesados». Aluminio y Hierro destaca sobre los demás con concentraciones medias porcentuales de 13% y 10% respectivamente. Pero hay que destacar la contaminación excesiva de plomo (Pb y Zinc (Zn que duplica e incluso triplica el máximo establecido por las leyes más permisivas, superando con mucho los niveles máximos a partir de los cuales se requiere una intervención obligatoria en todas las legislaciones consultadas.

Disponibilidade de metais pesados para milho cultivado em Latossolo sucessivamente tratado com lodos de esgoto Heavy metals availability for corn cultivated in a Latosol sucessively amended with sewage sludges

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Carlos Alberto Silva

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Apesar do potencial para o uso agrícola de lodos de esgoto, seus conteúdos de metais pesados podem se tornar um fator limitante a esse uso. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes fontes e doses de lodo de esgoto, oriundos das Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto de Barueri (LB, que trata esgoto doméstico e industrial, e de Franca (LF, que trata esgoto predominantemente doméstico, ambas localizadas no Estado de São Paulo, sobre os teores de metais pesados em solo e sobre a fitodisponibilidade desses elementos químicos para o milho. O experimento foi realizado entre os anos de 1999 e 2001, no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Meio Ambiente, em Jaguariúna (SP, em três cultivos sucessivos de milho, e estudados os seguintes tratamentos, para os dois lodos: testemunha absoluta; adubação mineral (NPK recomendada para a cultura do milho; dose dos lodos de esgoto para fornecer uma, duas, quatro e oito vezes a dose de N do tratamento NPK. Foram determinados os teores totais (solo, folha e grão de milho e disponíveis (solo de Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn. O uso de doses crescentes do LB aumentou os teores disponíveis dos metais avaliados em solo, quando se utilizou a solução de DTPA. Os incrementos nos teores totais de metais pesados foram maiores nas parcelas adubadas com o LB. As soluções de Mehlich-1 e DTPA mostraram-se eficientes em predizer a fitodisponibilidade de Zn para o milho, quando as folhas e grãos foram analisados.This study carried out in order to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (from Barueri: industrial and residential sewage, and Franca (SP State: residential sewage doses on soil heavy metal contents and their availability to corn. Three successive experiments were installed in a Latosol at the Experimental Field of Embrapa Environment, in Jaguariúna (SP, from 1999 to 2001. The treatments investigated consisted of: control (without sewage sludge; mineral fertilization (NPK recommended for corn; and

Uso de biomassa seca de aguapé (Eichornia crassipes visando à remoção de metais pesados de soluções contaminadas - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v31i1.3166

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Affonso Celso Gonçalves Júnior

2009-04-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência da biomassa seca de aguapé (Eichornia crassipes na remoção dos metais pesados cádmio (Cd, chumbo (Pb, cromo (Cr, cobre (Cu, zinco (Zn e níquel (Ni de soluções preparadas com estes metais. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (soluções com diferentes concentrações dos metais pesados e quatro repetições. A biomassa seca permaneceu nas soluções dos tratamentos por um período de 48h, e nos intervalos de 1; 2; 3; 6; 12; 24; 36 e 48h após a instalação do experimento, coletaram-se alíquotas de cada tratamento, determinando-se a maior remoção de cada metal pesado pela biomassa seca do aguapé. Foi realizada digestão nitroperclórica na biomassa seca e determinação dos teores dos metais na biomassa e nas alíquotas por espectrometria de absorção atômica, modalidade chama. Para os metais Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu e Zn ocorreu remoção significativa pela massa seca do aguapé nos diferentes tratamentos, enquanto para o Ni não foi encontrada diferença significativa. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a biomassa seca produzida, a partir do aguapé Eichornia crassipes, é um excelente material para a remoção, tanto em pequena como em grande escala, de corpos hídricos contaminados com metais pesados.

Avances en la química de coordinación de los tetrilenos pesados

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Polo Coca, Diego

2015-01-01

Esta tesis doctoral se enmarca en el campo de la Química Inorgánica y, más concretamente, en el de la química que asocia los metales de transición (Ms) con los parientes más pesados de los carbenos, conocidos comúnmente como tetrilenos pesados (TPs) o metalilenos. Su formato es el de ¿Compendio de Publicaciones¿ y contiene los 10 artículos científicos que hasta ahora se han publicado sobre su contenido. En la primera parte de la memoria se describen reacciones de tetrilenos pesados acícli...

Detección de metales pesados en bovinos, en los valles de los rios Sinú y San Jorge, departamento de Córdoba, Colombia

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Aura Madero G

2011-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Evaluar la presencia de metales pesados: plomo(Pb, cobre (Cu, cadmio (Cd y mercurio (Hg en hígado y músculo pectoral derecho de bovino, procedentes de fincas de la zona del Sinú y San Jorge. Materiales y métodos. Se muestrearon bovinos machos, adultos, de raza cebú mestizo, entre 2 a 7 años los cuales fueron sacrificados para consumo humano durante seis meses. Las muestras se analizaron mediante: espectroscopia de absorción atómica, empleando lámparas de cátodo hueco y un quemador de aire acetileno para determinar Cu; vapor frío para la detección de Hg y polarografía para la detección de Cd y Pb. Resultados. Se observó que Los rangos de Hg, Cu, Cd y Pb estaban por debajo de los parámetros de referencia de la Comisión Europea y la Norma Oficial Mexicana. En el 4% de las muestras se encontraron niveles de Cu no permisibles para consumo humano. Conclusiones. La industria cárnica de la región presenta una gran potencialidad para acceder a mercados internacionales, debido a que el 96% de las reses presentaron niveles de metales por debajo de los límites permisibles de México y Europa. A pesar de que los niveles de mercurio se encuentran en los límites permisibles, la evaluación del riesgo basado en el índice de peligrosidad, sugiere que el consumo diario de 100 gramos de productos cárnicos con niveles de 0.08 ppm, podría incrementar el riesgo de envenenamiento a una persona de 70Kg.

Empleo de polímeros naturales como alternativa para la remediación de suelos contaminados por metales pesados

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CARTAYA, Omar E.; REYNALDO, Inés; PENICHE, Carlos; GARRIDO, María. L.

2011-01-01

En este trabajo se realizaron ensayos para estudiar la absorción y la distribución de metales pesados (Cu) en plántulas de tomates tratadas con polímeros naturales (oligogalacturónidos, Ogal) cultivadas en un medio con niveles tóxicos de cobre. También se analizaron los metales asimilables en el suelo con el fin de determinar el efecto residual y la movilidad de estos elementos. Los resultados evidenciaron que el empleo de la mezcla de oligogalacturónidos contrarresta el efecto de la toxicida...

Avaliação do comportamento de metais pesados no tratamento de esgotos por disposição no solo Assessment of the behavior of heavy metals in the sewage treatment by disposal in soil

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Wanderley da Silva Paganini

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho apresenta os níveis de contaminação do solo por metais pesados, decorrentes de 16 anos de operação da Estação de Tratamento de Esgotos, por escoamento à superfície, localizada no município de Populina (São Paulo. As análises realizadas para esta avaliação envolveram o pH e os seguintes metais pesados cobre, zinco, alumínio, cádmio, mercúrio, molibdênio, níquel e chumbo. Os resultados mostraram que a grande maioria dos metais apresentou comportamento semelhante, com concentrações consideráveis até 30 e 50 m de distância do ponto de lançamento, nos primeiros 20 cm de profundidade. Deverão ser realizadas novas pesquisas devido aos valores elevados de Hg, Ni, Pb e Al registrados a 20 m de distância do ponto de lançamento dos esgotos, pois se isto for confirmado existem grandes riscos de contaminação dos lençóis subterrâneos.This assay presents the soil contamination levels by heavy metals, from 16 years of a sewage plant operation, by overland flow, in Populina City, São Paulo State, Brazil. The analyses carried out for this evaluation were the pH and the following heavy metals: copper, zinc, aluminum, cadmium, mercury, molybdenum, nickel and lead. The results showed that the majority of the metals presented similar behavior, with considerable concentration up to 30 and 50m of distance from the launching spot, concentrated on the first 20cm of depth. The dumping from gas stations on the sewage collecting system seems to contribute to the increase of the lead levels. New researches should be carried out due to the high values of Hg, Ni, Pb and Al registered 20m far from the sewage launching spots, because if it is confirmed there will be high contamination risks to the table waters.

Adsorbentes sólidos de origen natural para metales pesados en solución acuosa

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Ángeles Villón, Luis Rosas

2013-01-01

En la presente investigación se plantea el resumir y ordenar las investigaciones respecto a los a los adsorbentes sólidos de origen natural para metales pesados en solución acuosa, a través de la clasificación de los mismos por su origen natural, el presentar los parámetros más utilizados en la caracterización de (los adsorbentes, así como en los procesos de adsorción e identificar los adsorbentes de origen natural con capacidad de ser reutilizados. Es así que se ha efectuado esta clasific...

Teores de metais pesados e caracterização mineralógica de solos do Cemitério Municipal de Santa Cândida, Curitiba (PR Heavy metal contents and mineralogical characterization of soils from the Santa Cândida Municipal Cemetery, in Curitiba (PR, brazil

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Yara Jurema Barros

2008-08-01

, em parte determinadas pelo material de origem, não apresentaram relação de causa e efeito com metais pesados nas áreas estudadas.The metal pieces of coffins, such as handles and adornments, are considered the main source of soil heavy metal contamination. Other sources of pollutants are the products used in the body embalming, wood preservatives and fluids released from body decomposition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clay fraction mineralogy and heavy metal contents of soils from Santa Cândida Municipal Cemetery, in Curitiba (PR, and estimate the contamination risk. The samples were collected at three depths (0-20, 20-80 and 80-120 cm at seven selected points, representing two parent materials (granite/gneiss and claystone and two burial modalities (unmarked graves and mausoleum area. The clay fraction was studied by X ray diffractometry and thermal analysis, and Fe and Al contents were determined, after acid ammonium oxalate (amorphous Fe and Al oxides and sodium citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (crystalline Fe oxides extractions, by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS. The total and exchangeable heavy metal contents were determined by AAS, after sample digestion with concentrated HF and BaCl2 1 mol L-1 solution, respectively. The predominance of kaolinite and occurrence of vermiculite with Al-hydroxy interlayers and smectite determined the high values of soil CEC. Heavy metal contents were higher in the mausoleum area, where the highest Cr and Pb contents were found (516.3 and 260.2 mg kg-1, respectively. The lower metal contamination in the area of unmarked graves may be attributed to simpler burial practices, with less potential heavy metal sources, such as wood preservatives and metal parts of coffins. No cause-effect relation was observed between the chemical and mineralogical soil characteristics, in part determined by the parent material, and the heavy metal contents in the studied area.

Avaliação das espécies de plantas avicennia schaueriana, laguncularia racemosa e rhizophora mangle como bioindicadoras de poluição por metais pesados em ambientes de mangues Assessment of avicennia schaueriana, laguncularia racemosa e rhizophora mangle plant species as bioindicator of heavy metal pollution in mangrove environments

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Miriam Gonçalves Martins Ramos

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, investigou-se o nível de contaminação por Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb e Zn, nos ambientes de mangues próximos ao Rio Cubatão, utilizando como bioindicador as espécies de plantas A. schaueriana, L. racemosa e R. mangle. As amostras de folhas destas plantas foram coletadas em quatro pontos de amostragem situados fora da área povoada da cidade de Cubatão. O conteúdo de metais pesados nas folhas foi determinado utilizando a técnica de Espectrometria por Absorção Atômica (FAAS. Os resultados obtidos indicam uma contaminação por cádmio e cromo em diversas amostras analisadas neste trabalho. De uma forma geral, as três espécies de plantas apresentaram resultados muito similares tanto no teor como na ordem em que bioacumulam os metais estudados: Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd. Desta forma, em princípio, qualquer uma delas poderia ser utilizada como bioindicador de poluição ambiental por metais pesados naquela região.In this work, the contamination level by Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in mangrove environments near the Cubatão River has been investigated using as bioindicator the plant species A. schaueriana, L. racemosa and R. mangle. Leave samples of these plants were collected in four locals situated out of the populated area of the Cubatão town. The heavy metals content in the leaves were determined by the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS technique. The results obtained have shown some contamination by cadmium and cromium for several leave samples analysed in this work. In general, the three species of plants presented similar results concerning the content as well as the bioaccumulation order for the studied metals: Zn > Pb > Cr > Cu > Cd. In this way, any one of them could, in principle, be employed as bioindicator of heavy metal environmental pollution in that region.

Evaluación de la eficiencia de una batería de filtros empacados en zeolita en la remoción de metales pesados presentes en un licor mixto bajo condiciones de laboratorio

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Acevedo Cifuentes, Diana Rocío; Builes Felizzola, Sandra Milena; Ordóñez Ante, Carlos Andrés; López Sánchez, Idalia Jacqueline

2011-01-01

En este artículo se muestran resultados de investigación obtenidos en la remoción de los metales pesados, plomo, níquel, cromo, cadmio y mercurio, presentes en una solución compuesta por licor mixto proveniente de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de San Fernando y una solución preparada con metales pesados con una concentración conocida, mediante el uso de una batería de filtros empacados en zeolita clinoptilolita. La experimentación se desarrolló bajo condiciones controladas de c...

Estudio de metales pesados y arsénico en los suelos de olivar de Sierra Mágina, Jaén (España

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Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores

2009-10-01

Full Text Available En Sierra Mágina, Jaén (España fueron seleccionados 35 suelos dedicados al cultivo del olivar en los que se estudió la concentración de cromo (Cr, níquel (Ni, cobre (Cu, plomo (Pb, Zinc (Zn y arsénico (As a profundidades entre 0 - 20 y 20 - 40 cm. Estos suelos se desarrollan sobre materiales carbonatados, predominando Calcisoles pétricos y Regosoles calcáricos (FAO, 1999. La homogeneidad del material parental es responsable de la ausencia de variaciones significativas en las propiedades de los suelos a las profundidades estudiadas, así como en el contenido de metales pesados y arsénico. El Cu es el único elemento que varía con la profundidad (p < 0.01, presentando un valor promedio más elevado entre 0 y 20 cm debido a la aplicación de controles fitosanitarios en los cultivos de la región. En los suelos con texturas arcillosa y limosa se presentan concentraciones más altas de Cr y Ni, mientras que el resto de metales analizados y el As no presentan variaciones significativas con las principales propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos. Los elementos estudiados no exceden el nivel de referencia establecido para suelos por la Junta de Andalucía y presentan concentraciones similares a las encontradas en rocas equivalentes y en suelos no contaminados. Los valores promedio en As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn están relacionados con las concentraciones heredadas del material litológico del que se derivan.

Estudio de metales pesados y arsénico en los suelos de olivar de Sierra Mágina, Jaén (España

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Menjivar Flores Juan Carlos

2009-12-01

Full Text Available En Sierra Mágina, Jaén (España fueron seleccionados 35 suelos dedicados al cultivo del olivar en los que se estudió la concentración de cromo (Cr, níquel (Ni, cobre (Cu, plomo (Pb, Zinc (Zn y arsénico (As a profundidades entre 0 - 20 y 20 - 40 cm. Estos suelos se desarrollan sobre materiales carbonatados, predominando Calcisoles pétricos y Regosoles calcáricos (FAO, 1999. La homogeneidad del material parental es responsable de la ausencia de variaciones significativas en las propiedades de los suelos a las profundidades estudiadas, así como en el contenido de metales pesados y arsénico. El Cu es el único elemento que varía con la profundidad (p < 0.01, presentando un valor promedio más elevado entre 0 y 20 cm debido a la aplicación de controles fitosanitarios en los cultivos de la región. En los suelos con texturas arcillosa y limosa se presentan concentraciones más altas de Cr y Ni, mientras que el resto de metales analizados y el As no presentan variaciones significativas con las principales propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos. Los elementos estudiados no exceden el nivel de referencia establecido para suelos por la Junta de Andalucía y presentan concentraciones similares a las encontradas en rocas equivalentes y en suelos no contaminados. Los valores promedio en As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb y Zn están relacionados con las concentraciones heredadas del material litológico del que se derivan.

Movilización de metales pesados en residuos y suelos industriales afectados por la hidrometalurgia del cinc.

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Solano Marín, Antonia Mª

2005-01-01

Entre las actividades potencialmente contaminantes del suelo se encuentra la industria de obtención de cinc, que, a lo largo de la historia, ha generado cantidades importantes de residuos con elevados contenidos de metales pesados depositados en las inmediaciones de sus instalaciones hasta épocas recientes. Después de la promulgación del RD 9/2005, dicha contaminación y el riesgo que conlleva deberán ser evaluados en los diferentes emplazamientos. El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio de la...

Solubilidade, fracionamento e fitoextração de metais pesados após aplicação de agentes quelantes Solubility, phytoextraction and fractionation of heavy metals as a function of chelating agents applied to soil

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Évio Eduardo Chaves de Melo

2006-12-01

Full Text Available A baixa biodegrabilidade de quelantes sintéticos usados para induzir a fitoextração resulta em alto risco ambiental pela possibilidade de lixiviação de metais pesados. Agentes quelantes naturais, mais rapidamente degradados no solo, podem ser uma alternativa para os quelantes sintéticos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a performance de ácidos orgânicos naturais (gálico, cítrico e oxálico com ácidos sintéticos (EDTA, DTPA e NTA na fitoextração induzida de metais. O solo foi contaminado com 500, 300 e 200 mg kg-1 de Pb, Zn e Cu, respectivamente, e cultivado com milho (Zea mays e mucuna preta (Stizolobium aterrimum. Os agentes quelantes, na dose de 10 mmol kg-1, foram aplicados no solo sete dias antes da coleta das plantas. Amostras do solo foram submetidas à extração com CaCl2 e fracionamento. Os teores dos metais na solução do solo foram também determinados. Os quelantes sintéticos EDTA, DTPA e NTA foram eficientes na solubilização dos metais pesados no solo. Dentre os ácidos orgânicos naturais, apenas o ácido cítrico foi eficiente na solubilização dos metais nas primeiras vinte e quatro horas após a sua aplicação. A distribuição dos metais entre as frações apresentou a seguinte ordem: Pb: matéria orgânica (MO > óxido de Fe amorfo (OxFeA > trocável (Tr > óxido de Fe cristalino (OxFeC; Cu: MO > Tr > OxFeC > OxFeA; e Zn: MO > Tr > OxFeC > OxFeA. De modo geral, a adição dos quelantes sintéticos provocou aumento nos teores trocáveis de Pb e Cu e redução nos teores de Pb, Cu e Zn nas frações óxidos de Fe amorfo e cristalino. O extrator CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1 pode ser utilizado para predição da concentração de Pb, Cu e Zn na solução do solo.The low biodegradability of synthetic chelating agents used for phytoextraction poses a great environmental risk due to the potential for metal leaching. Natural chelating agents can be an alternative to synthetic chelates due to their rapid biodegrability

BOTANICAL DIVERSITY AND HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN THE RESIDUE MATRIX AND PLANTS AT THE MORAVIA DUMP IN MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA DIVERSIDAD BOTÁNICA Y CONTENIDO DE METALES PESADOS EN LA MATRIZ DE RESIDUOS Y LAS PLANTAS EN EL BASURERO DE MORAVIA EN MEDELLÍN, COLOMBIA

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Maria Solange Sanchez Pinzón

2010-06-01

Full Text Available . Floristic characterization, plant tissue and residue matrix (RM analysis were conducted to establish the extent of heavy metal (HM pollution of the Moravia dump at Medellín, Colombia, a site that was inhabited by more than 17000 people since 1984. More than 65 plant species (28 families were identified, most of which were herbaceous. Content of HM in the (RM was determined in 14 different RM samples varied greatly among them, reaching 121 and 9600 mg/kg of Hg and Pb respectively. Mean content of HM (mg/kg in the RM had the following pattern: Pb > Ni > Cr > Hg > Cd. Uptake of HM from the RM to plants was evident in most sampled species, with concentrations of Pb, Cr, and Hg reaching maximum values of 1.0, 123.7, 263.7 mg/kg of Hg, Pb and Cr respectively. However, Lepidium virginicum excluded, estimated bioconcentration factors were not greater than 1.0. Given their adaptation, Bidens pilosa, Urochloa maxima and L. virginicum, appear to be suitable for the revegetation of Moravia. Twenty-four years after its closure, HM content in Moravia continue to be high and the local flora actively takes up HM. Since other studies have shown that in Moravia there is still production of lixiviates and that there is an active heavy metal transference to the local Moravia fauna, it is imperative to implement adequate control measures in order to control HM contamination at this site.Con el fin de establecer el nivel de contaminación por metales pesados (MP, se llevó a cabo una caracterización florística y análisis de la matriz de residuos (MR y muestras de tejidos vegetales en el morro de basuras de Moravia en Medellín, un antiguo botadero de basuras habitado desde 1984 por más de 17.000 personas. Se identificaron más de 65 especies vegetales, la mayoría de ellas herbáceas, agrupadas en 28 familias. El contenido de MP en 14 diferentes muestras de MR varió considerablemente, yendo de 121 y 9.600 mg/kg de Hg y Pb, respectivamente. El contenido

Remoção de metais pesados tóxicos cádmio, chumbo e cromo em biofertilizante suíno utilizando macrófita aquática (Eichornia crassipes como bioindicador = Removal of toxic heavy metals cadmium, lead and chromium from swine biofertilizer, using an aquatic macrophyte (Eichornia crassipes as a bioindicator

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Affonso Celso Gonçalves Júnior

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência da macrófita aquática (Eichornia crassipes como bioindicador e alternativa na remoção dos metais pesados tóxicos Cd, Pb e Cr em biofertilizante de origem suína. Foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo os fatoresrepresentados pelas partes da planta (aérea e raiz, e pelos quatro tratamentos. Na instalação do experimento coletou-se uma alíquota da solução de cada tratamento para determinar as concentrações iniciais dos metais e, após 30 dias de cultivo, as plantas foram retiradas,coletando-se novamente uma alíquota da solução de cada tratamento. As plantas foram separadas em parte aérea e raiz, secas e trituradas. A macrófita apresentou-se eficiente na remoção dos metais pesados, observou-se que o sistema radicular da macrófita apresentoumaiores concentrações de Cd, Pb e Cr. Com este trabalho, conclui-se que a macrófita aquática (Eichornia crassipes pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de biofertilizante e dejetos provenientes da suinocultura.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of an aquatic macrophyte (Eichornia crassipes as a bioindicator and as an alternative sorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb and Cr from swine biofertilizer. A 2x4 factorial design was used, with the factors represented by plant parts (leaves and roots and the fourtreatments. The metal concentrations were determined at the beginning of the experiment and after 30 days. The macrophyte showed good efficiency in the removal of toxic heavy metals from swine biofertilizer. It was observed that its radicular system presented larger amounts of Cd, Pb and Cr than did the leaves. Our results show that Eichornia crassipes could be an alternative treatment for biofertilizer and waste from swine culture.

Evaluación de metales pesados en los sedimentos superficiales del río Pirro Evaluation of heavy metals in superficial sediments of Pirro river

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Jacqueline Herrera Núñez

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Los metales pesados tienen una importante fuente en las actividades de origen antropogénico y constituyen un peligro para la biota acuática y el ser humano y un factor de deterioro de la calidad hídrica y ambiental. Los sedimentos ribereños, uno de los principales reservorios de estos elementos, actúan como fuentes secundarias de contaminación de los cuerpos de agua, por lo que resulta importante evaluar la concentración de metales como una herramienta que permite rastrear el origen de los contaminantes en el medio y predecir los impactos que pueden producir en los ecosistemas acuáticos. En el presente trabajo se analizó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica la concentración de Cd, Ag, Se, Sn, Ni, Cr, Cu, B, Zn, Hg, Ba, Pb, Mn, As y Al en los sedimentos superficiales del sector medio del río Pirro (Heredia, Costa Rica. Las concentraciones de estos elementos fueron muy elevadas para la mayoría de las sustancias analizadas en todos los puntos de muestreo seleccionados. Su distribución no fue homogénea, ni presentó un patrón geográfico marcadamente definido, pudiéndose encontrar altos niveles distribuidos a lo largo del transecto estudiado.Anthropogenic activities are important sources of heavy metals, which are dangerous for the aquatic biota and the human being and a factor of environmental and water quality deterioration. The sediments, one of the main reservoirs of these elements, act as secondary resources of contamination of the rivers; this is why it is important to evaluate the concentration of metals, as a tool that allows to track the origin of the contaminants in the environment and to predict their impact on the aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, the concentration of Cd, Ag, Se, Sn, Ni, Cr, Cu, B, Zn, Hg, Ba, Pb, Mn, As and Al was determined in the superficial sediments of the medium sector of Pirro River (Heredia, Costa Rica by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The concentrations of these

Heavy metals adsorption on blast furnace sludges; Adsorcion de metales pesados sobre lodos de horno alto

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Lopez-Delgado, A.; Perez, C.; Lopez, F.A. [Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas. CENIM. Madrid (Spain)

1998-10-01

Most of industrial liquid effluents have high contents of heavy metals. The recovery of these metals is environmental and economically interesting. In this work we study the use of sludge, a by-product of the steel industry, as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from liquid effluents. The adsorption of Pb``2+, Zn``2+, Cd``2+, Cu``2+ and Cr``3+ on the sludge was investigated by determination of adsorption isotherms. The effect of time, equilibrium temperature and concentration of metal solution on sludge adsorption efficiency was evaluated. The adsorption process was analysed using the theories of Freundlich and Langumuir and the thermodynamic values {Delta}G, {Delta}H and {Delta}S corresponding to each adsorption process were calculated. Blast furnace sludge was found to be an effective sorbent for Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu and Cr-ions within the range of ion concentrations employed. (Author) 5 refs.

Aproximación ecotoxicológica a la contaminación por metales pesados en la laguna costera del Mar Menor

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Marín Guirao, Lázaro

2007-01-01

El objetivo de la Tesis es obtener una visión de la situación actual de la laguna costera del Mar Menor en relación con la contaminación por metales pesados procedentes de actividades mineras mediante el empleo de herramientas ecotoxicológicas. Comienza con el estudio de la entrada de residuos mineros en el ecosistema, su distribución en las aguas de la laguna así como los efectos tóxicos asociados. Continua valorando la biodisponibilidad de los metales contenidos en los sedimentos lagunares ...

Perfiles de resistencia a antibióticos y metales pesados en Pseudomonas aeruginosa potencialmente patógenas aisladas de agua de uso agrícola

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Oscar G. Gutiérrez Cárdenas

2017-01-01

clas i ficaron en 1 1 grupos. Mientras que para los metales pesados se presentaron altos niveles de tol e rancia para Cu +2 , Zn +2 , Ba +2 , Pb +2 y Se +4 . Conclusión : Las P. aeruginosa aisladas de agua de uso agrícola en la zona de estu dio son potencialmente patógenas debido a la presencia de genes de virulencia. Además presentaron altos índices de resistencia a antibióticos y tolerancia metales pesados.

Evaluación del riesgo ambiental por metales pesados, generados por la actividad minera artesanal en los ríos Quiroz y Chira – Piura por el método de especiación secuencial

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Loaiza Choque, Leonardo Edwin

2016-01-01

Determina el riesgo ambiental que representan los metales pesados dispuestos en los sedimentos de los ríos Quiroz y Chira ubicados en el departamento de Piura generados por la minería artesanal. Determina las formas químicas en las que se dispersan los metales pesados ambos ríos. Demuestra que el estudio por extracción secuencial puede ser usado como componente de herramienta de gestión ambiental. Realiza el análisis de extracción secuencial por el método BCR el mismo que permite determinar l...

ESPECIACION QUÍMICA DE METALES PESADOS EN SUELOS INCUBADOS CON LODOS RESIDUALES PROVENIENTES DE UNA PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS

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Adriana Forero Hernandez

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Con el objeto de evaluar el destino de los metales pesados en los suelos agrícolas, provenientes de los lodos de las aguas residuales de plantas de tratamiento, se determinó la especiación química en los suelos después de 9 semanas de aplicación, para lo cual se realizaron ensayos de incubación utilizando una dosis de 2,5% de lodo p/p equivalente a 81,5 Ton lodo/ha de suelo. Las unidadesexperimentales consistieron en materos con una mezcla suelo-lodo que se mantuvieron entre 17 y 25 ºC, humedad acapacidad de campo, dispuestos en invernadero con un diseño estadístico completamente aleatorizado con cuatroréplicas y siete tratamientos. Se encontró que los niveles de concentración total en el lodo de Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb y Zn fueron muy inferiores a los establecidos por la normatividad del Environmental Protection Agency (EPA para su utilización en suelos.Además, el contenido de carbono orgánico, nitrógeno y fósforo disponible estuvo en el intervalo normal reportado para fertilizantes orgánicos.La adición de lodo al suelo produjo un incremento significativo de la fracción de Cd enlazada a materia orgánica comparada con las fracciones intercambiable y unida a óxidos de hierro-manganeso, el Cu presentó mayor afinidad por la fracción de óxidos de hierro- manganeso, el Pb mostró una fracción enlazada a materia orgánica la cual estaba ausente en el suelo testigo, el Zn tuvo una mayor proporción en la fracción asociada a óxidos de hierro-manganesoy el Mn en comparación con los otros metales fue el que presentó la mayor fracción intercambiable.

Estudio de metales pesados y arsénico en los suelos de olivar de Sierra Mágina, Jaén (España Study of heavy metal and arsenic concentrations in olive farm soils, Sierra Mágina, Jaen, Spain

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Juan Carlos Menjivar Flores

2009-10-01

Full Text Available En Sierra Mágina, Jaén (España fueron seleccionados 35 suelos dedicados al cultivo del olivar en los que se estudió la concentración de cromo (Cr, níquel (Ni, cobre (Cu, plomo (Pb, Zinc (Zn y arsénico (As a profundidades entre 0 - 20 y 20 - 40 cm. Estos suelos se desarrollan sobre materiales carbonatados, predominando Calcisoles pétricos y Regosoles calcáricos (FAO, 1999. La homogeneidad del material parental es responsable de la ausencia de variaciones significativas en las propiedades de los suelos a las profundidades estudiadas, así como en el contenido de metales pesados y arsénico. El Cu es el único elemento que varía con la profundidad (p The content of heavy metals and arsenic was studied in 35 soils under olive cultivation in the Sierra Mágina, Jaen, Spain. The concentrations of chromium (Cr, nickel (Ni, copper (Cu, lead (Pb, zinc (Zn and arsenic (As were determined at depths between 0 - 20 and 20- 40 cm. These soils developed on carbonate materials, predominantly Petric Calcisols and Calcaric Regosols (FAO, 1999. The homogeneity of parental material was responsible for the lack of significant variation seen in soil properties, and alsoheavy metal and arsenic content at the depths studied. Copper was the only element that varied over depth (p<0.01, with a higher mean value between 0 - 20 cm; a consequence of agrochemical applications in the region. Soils with a clay and silt texture had higher concentrations of Cr and Ni, while the rest of the metals, and As, did not present significant variation with the main physical chemical properties of the soil. The studied elements did not exceed the reference levels established by the Andalucia Authorities, presenting similar concentrations to those found in equivalent rocks and in non-contaminated soils. The mean values for As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were related to the concentrations inherited from the lithological material fromwhich the soils are derived

Concentração de metais pesados em espécies arbóreas utilizadas para revegetação de área contaminada Heavy metals concentration in tree species used for revegetation of contaminated area

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Ana Carolina Callegario Pereira

2012-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial das espécies arbóreas Cordia africana Lam.,Mimosa caesalpineafolia Benth., Acacia angustissima (Mill. Ktze. e Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Brenan na fitoestabilização de metais pesados presentes em um substrato contaminado. Foram selecionados, aleatoriamente, quatro exemplares de cada espécie para realização do estudo. Amostras de substrato na projeção da copa de cada exemplar arbóreo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-10; 10-30 e 30-50 cm, para determinação da concentração pseudototal e fracionamento químico de metais pesados. De cada indivíduo, foram coletados dados referentes à profundidade das raízes, DAP (diâmetro a altura do peito, diâmetro de copa e altura das plantas. Amostras de folha, caule, casca e raiz foram coletadas para determinação dos metais pesados zinco (Zn, manganês (Mn, cádmio (Cd, chumbo (Pb e cobre (Cu nas diferentes partes da planta. A concentração de Cd no substrato foi acima do valor de investigação definido pelo CONAMA (3,0 mg kg-1, evidenciando contaminação com esse elemento. Os maiores teores dos metais pesados foram encontrados na fração residual (F5, indicando baixa disponibilidade destes elementos no substrato. Com relação ao Cd, elevadas concentrações também foram encontradas na fração trocável F2, considerada uma fração em que os contaminantes se apresentam com certa mobilidade e biodisponibilidade. As espécies vegetais estudadas apresentaram desenvolvimento dentro dos padrões normais, mostrando tolerância a áreas contaminadas com Cd, que tendeu a se acumular nas raízes das plantas, com exceção da Córdia - africana.This study aims to evaluate the potential of tree species Cordia africana Lam.,Mimosa caesalpineafolia Benth., Acacia angustissima (Mill. Ktze. and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell. Brenan in the phytostabilization of heavy metal from a substrate contaminated. Four specimens of each tree specie were

Spatial distribution of heavy metals in urban dust from Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico

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José L. Cortés

2017-01-01

Full Text Available E n Ensenada, Baja California, los barcos y vehículos emiten partículas con metales pesados. Las partículas se transportan con el viento y se depositan en el suelo, donde se mezclan con él dando lugar a los polvos urbanos. Los metales pesados pueden afectar la salud de la población, por lo que se requiere un diagnóstico rápido para encontrar soluciones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las zonas con mayor contaminación en la ciudad. Se tomaron 86 muestras de polvo urbano sobre diferentes sustratos (suelo, cemento y asfalto. Los metales se analizaron mediante f luorescencia de rayos X. Las diferencias entre los sustratos se identificaron mediante un análisis de varianza. Por otra parte, se hizo un análisis para conocer la distribución espacial de los metales pesados, utilizando la interpolación con kriging ordinario. El asfalto contiene las mayores concentraciones de Cr, Ni, Pb y Zn; el cemento contiene mayores concentracions de Cu y V; y el suelo es el que más Rb contiene. El mapa que integra las clases de mayor concentración de metales indica que la zona suroeste, donde se localiza el puerto y pasa la carretera transpeninsular, es la más contaminada.

Influencia del tráfico en la acumulación de metales pesados sobre vías urbanas: Torrelavega (España-Soacha (Colombia

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Carlos Alfonso Zafra Mejía

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Asociado al suelo de áreas con una alta densidad de tráfico se han detectado elevadas concentraciones de metales. Los usuarios de las vías y aquéllos que viven en ambientes cercanos están potencialmente expuestos. Este artículo presenta un estudio del comportamiento de la concentración de metales pesados asociados con el sedimento acumulado sobre superficies viales (Torrelavega-España y Soacha-Colombia. Se distinguieron dos tipos de muestras: la aspirada directamente y la recolectada tras un barrido. Se determinó su distribución granulométrica (63-2800 μm y la concentración de metales (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Cd y Ba asociada con cada fracción de tamaño por medio de espectrometría de absorción atómica de llama y de plasma inductivamente acoplado con espectrometría de masas. Los resultados mostraron que el sedimento con un mayor tiempo de residencia sobre la superficie estuvo más expuesto a la trituración generada por el tráfico (i.e., granulometría más fina; de esta manera, probablemente tendió a presentar una mayor susceptibilidad a la suspensión por el viento y la turbulencia del tráfico. En este sentido, la fracción de tamaño inferior a 63 μm presentó las mayores concentraciones. A mayor tiempo de residencia del sedimento sobre la superficie, mayores concentraciones metálicas asociadas. Las zonas con una mayor densidad de tráfico tienden a presentar las mayores concentraciones. Además, las calzadas con un mayor uso como línea de aparcamiento tienden a presentar mayores concentraciones, a pesar de registrar una menor densidad de tráfico. En las ciudades de investigación, el Pb supera los límites establecidos por la legislación utilizada como de referencia.

Concentración de metales pesados (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb en la biota y sedimentos de una playa artificial, en la bahía San Jorge 23°S, norte de Chile Heavy metals concentration (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb, in biota and sediments of an artificial beach, in San Jorge bay 23°S, northern Chile

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Gabriel Castro

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó el contenido de metales pesados (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb en la biota y el sedimento de una playa artificial (Paraíso y una playa natural (El Lenguado, ubicadas en la bahía San Jorge, norte de Chile. Los resultados fueron utilizados para comparar ambos sistemas, el grado de cumplimiento de la normativa ambiental nacional e internacional, y el efecto de la construcción de la playa artificial sobre el nivel de contaminación por metales existentes históricamente en esa zona. En cada playa se ubicaron estaciones equidistantes que abarcaron desde el intermareal hasta el submareal de las cuales fueron extraídos los organismos. Se tomaron muestras de sedimento en cada playa y se determinaron las pendientes con el método de Emery. El análisis granulométrico evidenció el predominio de arena media en playa El Lenguado, y arena media y fina en playa Paraíso. El contenido de materia orgánica fue mayor en El Lenguado. En playa Paraíso se determinaron cinco phylum/superclase agrupados en 19 taxa, mientras que en El Lenguado se encontraron cuatro phylum/superclase agrupados en cc taxa. El contenido de metales en sedimentos y en la mayoría de organismos presentó valores mayores en playa Paraíso. Estos resultados, junto a las normas de calidad chilenas y norteamericanas, sugieren un evidente deterioro en la calidad ambiental de playa Paraíso lo que se demostró por un incremento en las concentraciones de estos metales desde su construcción, los que sobrepasan los límites establecidos por ambas normas.It was evaluated the heavy metal content (Cu, Ni, Zn, Cd, Pb in biota and sediment of an artificial beach (Paraíso and a natural beach (El Lenguado, both located in San Jorge bay, northern Chile. The results were used to compare both systems, the degree of fulfillment of national and international environmental regulations, and the effect of the construction of the artificial beach on the level of metal contamination historically existing in

Alternatives for recovering metals from spent catalysts for hydrotreating of heavy hydrocarbons: a case study; Alternativas para la recuperacion de metales a partir de catalizadores gastados del hidrotratamiento de hidrocarburos pesados: un caso de estudio

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Alonso, Fernando; Ramirez, Sergio; Ancheyta, Jorge; Mavil, Martha [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: jancheyt@imp.mx

2008-05-15

The increasing production of spent hydrotreating catalysts used for processing heavy hydrocarbons and the problems related to their disposal are described in this work. These catalysts contain important amounts of heavy metals such as molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and vanadium (V), which can be recovered and hence an economical benefit may be obtained. The results of experimental tests for alkaline leaching (NaOH) to recover V and Mo, and the effect of operating conditions on metal recovery are also presented. The results show that, in general, the highest recovery of Mo is obtained at pH 8.5 and leaching time of 12 hours, while in the case of V, the highest recovery is observed at pH 9.0 and 8 hours. In both cases, the leaching solution contained 10 wt % alkaline. Based on the experimental information and data from a commercial plant, a preliminary economy study was developed, in which the expected economical benefits of metals recovery from spent catalysts used for hydrotreating heavy hydrocarbon are estimated. [Spanish] En el presente trabajo se describe la problematica de la creciente produccion de catalizadores gastados de los procesos de hidrotratamiento de hidrocarburos pesados. Estos catalizadores contienen cantidades importantes de metales pesados como molibdeno (Mo), niquel (Ni), cobalto (Co) y vanadio (V), que son susceptibles de recuperarse y obtener con ello un beneficio economico. Tambien se presentan resultados de pruebas experimentales de lixiviacion alcalina (NaOH) para la recuperacion de V y Mo, y el efecto de las variables de operacion sobre la recuperacion de metales. En general, se encontro que las mejores recuperaciones de Mo fueron a pH de 8.5 y 12 h, mientras que para el V fueron a pH de 9.0 y 8 h, ambos a una concentracion del agente lixiviante de 10% en peso. Con base en la informacion experimental obtenida y datos de una planta industrial se presenta un estudio economico preliminar, en el que se estiman los beneficios

Evaluación de la eficiencia de una batería de filtros empacados en zeolita en la remoción de metales pesados presentes en un licor mixto bajo condiciones de laboratorio Evaluation of efficiency of a filter battery packaging zeolite in the removal of heavy metals in a mixed liquor under laboratory conditions

OpenAIRE

Diana Rocío Acevedo Cifuentes; Sandra Milena Builes Felizzola; Carlos Andrés Ordóñez Ante; Idalia Jacqueline López Sánchez

2011-01-01

En este artículo se muestran resultados de investigación obtenidos en la remoción de los metales pesados, plomo, níquel, cromo, cadmio y mercurio, presentes en una solución compuesta por licor mixto proveniente de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de San Fernando y una solución preparada con metales pesados con una concentración conocida, mediante el uso de una batería de filtros empacados en zeolita clinoptilolita. La experimentación se desarrolló bajo condiciones controladas de c...

Fungos micorrízicos no crescimento e na extração de metais pesados pela braquiária em solo contaminado Mycorrhizal fungi influence on brachiariagrass growth and heavy metal extraction in a contaminated soil

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Silvana da Silva

2006-12-01

Full Text Available Avaliou-se, em casa de vegetação, a influência de 14 isolados de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA no crescimento e extração de Zn, Cd, Cu e Pb pela Brachiaria decumbens em solo contaminado. Foram utilizadas plantas com e sem FMA, em vasos com 0,92 kg de solo com (mg kg-1: Zn, 3.300; Cu, 60; Cd, 29; Pb, 73. Os isolados fúngicos tiveram efeitos diferenciados no crescimento e aumentaram a produção de matéria seca em 84%. Os teores de metais na planta foram elevados e apresentaram relação inversa com a produção de matéria seca. Verificou-se que os FMA não afetaram os teores de Pb, mas reduziram em 20, 28 e 63% os teores de Zn, Cd e Cu na parte aérea, respectivamente, e aumentaram os teores de Cu nas raízes em mais de 1.000%. Os FMA aumentaram a quantidade de metais extraídos do solo em 845, 142, 68 e 54% para Cu, Pb, Zn e Cd, respectivamente. Acaulospora spinosa, Acaulospora morrowiae-UFLA e Gigaspora gigantea aumentaram a extração simultânea dos quatro metais contaminantes. Os FMA, de acordo com a espécie, aumentam a capacidade da B. decumbens de extrair metais pesados do solo.The influence of 14 arbuscular mycorrhiza fungal isolates (AMF on brachiariagrass growth and extraction of Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb from a contaminated soil was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal Brachiaria decumbens plants were grown in pots with 0.92 kg of soil containing (mg kg-1: Zn, 3,300; Cu, 60; Cd, 29; Pb, 73. The AMF increased dry matter yield in 84%. Plant heavy metal concentrations were high and were inversely related to dry matter yield. Isolates caused no effect on Pb, but reduced shoot Zn, Cd and Cu concentrations by 20, 28 and 63%, respectively. It was observed effect of mycorrhiza on Cu accumulation in roots (over 1,000%. Isolates enhanced the total amount of soil extracted metals by 845, 142, 68 and 54% for Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd, respectively. Only Acaulospora spinosa, Acaulospora morrowiae-UFLA and Gigaspora

Metal pollution (Pb, Zn, Ni and Cr) in air, road and soil sediment in a high traffic area; Contaminacion por metales (Pb, Zn, Ni y Cr) en aire, sedimentos viales y suelo en una zona de alto trafico vehicular

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manchado, Anali; Garcia, Neyma; Garcia, Cezar; Acosta, Lorena; Cordova, Alberto; Linares, Maria; Giraldoth, Debora [Centro de Investigaciones CEDEGAS, Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo (Venezuela)]. E-mail: analimachado@yahoo.com; amachadop@luz.edu.ve; Velasquez, Harvi [Facultad Experimental de Ciencias, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo (Venezuela)

2008-11-15

sequia y de lluvia, empleando un muestreador de bajo volumen con filtros de fibra de cuarzo -para las muestras de PM10- con una frecuencia de una muestra cada tres dias para un total de 26; para los sedimentos viales y suelo fueron colectadas tres muestras con una frecuencia de 15 dias para un periodo de medicion de mes y medio en epoca seca. Todas las muestras fueron sometidas a un proceso de digestion y analizadas por espectrometria de absorcion atomica. Las concentraciones de las PM10 resultaron 2 veces mas altas en la zona de emision que en la zona de dispersion durante ambas epocas climatologicas, presentando una mejor correlacion entre las zonas para epoca de sequia. Todos los metales analizados presentaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre las zonas de muestreo. Por otra parte, para el periodo global existen diferencias significativas entre las zonas y las epocas climatologicas tanto para PM10 como para la totalidad de los metales. El Pb no excedio el estandar de calidad del aire establecido para Venezuela, pero su concentracion promedio en la zona de emision fue de 1.13 {mu}g/m{sup 3}, muy cercano al limite diario permitido en Venezuela y por la EPA; por su parte, tanto Pb como Ni sobrepasaron el limite permisible de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en ambas zonas durante todo el periodo de muestreo. Para las muestras de sedimento y de suelo se encontraron concentraciones significativamente elevadas de Pb, Zn, Ni y Cr en comparacion con la muestra testigo. Los niveles hallados de Pb y Zn estan por encima de los limites permitidos por el decreto 2635 de la normativa venezolana y la EPA, clasificandose la zona como suelo con alta contaminacion por metales pesados. Adicionalmente, el analisis estadistico demostro la adecuada seleccion de la zona de monitoreo, confirmando que la principal fuente de emision de los contaminantes es el parque automotor.

Efeito do composto de resíduo sólido urbano no teor de metais pesados em solo e goiabeira Effect of the urban solid waste compost in the heavy content of metals in soil and guava orchard (Psidium guajava L.

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Leonardo Santos Collier

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho foi realizado no município de Cachoeiras de Macacu (RJ com o objetivo de avaliar as várias formas dos metais Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn em solo Gleissolo pouco húmico tratado com composto de resíduos urbanos, e as concentrações desses metais nas folhas e nos frutos de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.. Foram utilizadas três áreas com históricos distintos: área que recebeu doses de 40 t.ha¹ de composto de resíduo sólido urbano (CRSU na superfície por onze anos consecutivos; área com uma única aplicação de CRSU na cova; e área-controle que não utilizou CRSU e sem goiabeiras. As amostras de solo foram tomadas dentro de cada área, nas camadas de 05; 515 e 1530 cm. A extração seqüencial dos metais contidos nas amostras (05 cm de terra demonstrou uma tendência de redução das formas móveis ou mais biodisponíveis de metais pesados no solo com uso do CRSU. Houve aumento nos teores de metais pesados em folhas e frutos de goiabeira cultivadas em áreas que receberam CRSU; porém os teores obtidos estavam dentro da faixa considerada normal. Há necessidade de monitoramento dos teores totais de metais no solo e nas plantas, devido ao incremento dos teores de metais pesados em solos tratados com CRSU.The work was performed in the municipal district of Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro State and had as objective to obtain information on the contents of chemical forms of Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in soil Gleissolo pouco húmico treated with composted urban residues, and the concentrations in the leaves and fruits of guava (Psidium guajava L.. Three areas with different land use history were used: area that received doses of 40 t.ha¹ of composted of urban solid residue (CRSU in the surface for eleven consecutive years; area with only one application of CRSU in the hole; and control area, with no guava and no CRSU. The soil samples were taken from each area, in the layers of 05, 515 and 15-30 cm. The sequential extraction of

Variabilidad en la eliminación de metales pesados en aguas residuales debido a contaminación por microplásticos

OpenAIRE

Muñoz Cava, José Angel

2016-01-01

Abordamos el tema de los microplásticos contenidos en las cremas cosméticas, en un estudio que tiene como fin el comportamiento de esos microplásticos en presencia de aguas residuales. Estos pueden producir procesos de adsorción de posibles metales pesados contenidos en dichas aguas, pudiendo ser una vía de conducción de las mismas hasta diversos seres vivos llegando incluso a mamíferos de grandes dimensiones. Estos tipos de microplásticos se han incrementado en los últimos años, ya que la...

Assessment of heavy metals in soils of a vineyard region with the use of principal component analysis Avaliação de metais pesados em solos de região de vinhedos com o uso da análise dos componentes principais

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Gustavo Souza Valladares

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Agricultural management with chemicals may contaminate the soil with heavy metals. The objective of this study was to apply Principal Component Analysis and geoprocessing techniques to identify the origin of the metals Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd as potential contaminants of agricultural soils. The study was developed in an area of vineyard cultivation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples were collected and GPS located under different uses and coverings. The metal concentrations in the soils were determined using the DTPA method. The Cu and Zn content was considered high in most of the samples, and was larger in the areas cultivated with vineyards that had been under the application of fungicides for several decades. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were correlated. The geoprocessing techniques and the Principal Component Analysis confirmed the enrichment of the soil with Cu and Zn because of the use and management of the vineyards with chemicals in the preceding decades.O manejo agrícola com agroquímicos pode levar a contaminação dos solos por metais pesados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aplicar a Análise dos Componentes Principais e técnicas de geoprocessamento para identificar a origem dos metais pesados Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr e Cd como contaminantes potenciais em solos agrícolas. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área cultivada com vinhedos no Estado de São Paulo, Brazil. Amostras de solos foram coletadas e georeferenciadas por GPS sob diferentes usos e coberturas. As concentrações dos metais nos solos foram obtidas pelo método de extração com DTPA. As concentrações de Cu e Zn foram consideradas altas na maioria das amostras pesquisadas, sendo maiores nas áreas cultivadas com vinhedos sob aplicações de fungicidas por décadas. As concentrações de Cu e Zn apresentaram correlação. As técnicas de geoprocessamento e a Análise dos Componentes Principais indicaram enriquecimento do solo com Cu e Zn

Concentración de Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr y As en hígado de Carcharhinus limbatus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae capturado en Veracruz, México

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Fernando Mendoza-Díaz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La contaminación de los ecosistemas marinos y costeros por metales pesados en el Golfo de México es uno de los problemas que afectan a los recursos naturales del medio acuático. Los tiburones por situarse en niveles tróficos superiores de la red alimenticia acumulan y magnifican cantidades considerables de contaminantes. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la concentración de cuatro metales pesados (Hg, Cd, Pb y Cr y un metaloide (As en el tiburón punta negra (Carcharhinus limbatus por medio de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con flama y generador de hidruros. Se muestrearon 19 hígados de tiburones capturados cerca de Tamiahua, Veracruz entre noviembre 2007 y marzo 2008, de los cuales 12 fueron machos adultos, una hembra adulta, tres machos jóvenes y tres hembras jóvenes. Las concentraciones máximas registradas para cada metal fueron: Hg=0.69mg/ kg, Cd=0.43mg/kg, As=27.37mg/kg, Cr=0.35mg/kg. El Pb no fue detectado, no al menos la cantidad mínima de detección requerida por el espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica (0.1mg/kg. Ninguna de las muestras analizadas rebasó los límites máximos permisibles por las leyes mexicanas y americanas.

Heavy metals adsorption on rolling mill scale; Adsorcion de metales pesados sobre cascarill de laminacion

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lopez, F. A.; Martin, M. I.; Perez, C.; Lopez-Delgado, A.; Alguacil, E. J.

2003-07-01

A great quantity of industries are responsible for contaminating the environment with the heavy metals which are containing in their wastewaters. The recovery of these metals is both from an environmental and economical points of view of the upmost interest. A study is made of the use of mill scale-originating in the hot rolling of steel-as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from liquid effluents. The adsorption of Zn''2+, Cd''2+ y Pb''2+ on the rolling mill scale was investigated by determination of adsorption isotherms. The effect of time, equilibrium temperature and concentration of metal solution on mill scale adsorption efficiency was evaluated. The adsorption process was analysed using the theories of Langmuir and Freundlich. Desorption process of metals from loaded mill scales was also studied using several doser bent at different experimental conditions. It has been proved that the mill scale is an effective adsorbent for the cations studies in aqueous solutions within the range of the working concentrations. (Author) 32 refs.

Avaliação da presença de metais pesados nas águas superficiais da Bacia do Córrego São Mateus, Juiz de Fora (MG, Brasil

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Cézar Henrique Barra Rocha

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Atualmente, a Bacia Hidrográfica do Córrego São Mateus tem um histórico de danos ambientais, abrigando o primeiro aterro de Juiz de Fora de 2005 a 2010. Entre as consequências da deposição de lixo urbano e industrial, há o risco de contaminação por metais pesados através do chorume. A mineração também pode aumentar a concentração dos metais na água, pois na mesma bacia, encontra-se a Pedreira Pedra Sul. Buscou-se detectar os elementos As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg e Zn nos córregos por meio da sonda Metalyser e confrontar com a legislação. Foi obtida uma amostra por mês (maio a setembro de 2014 nos quatro pontos de coleta. Os resultados mostraram que em todos os pontos havia metais pesados em concentrações superiores às permitidas e, ainda, em todas as amostras, pelo menos um metal estava acima do limite. Esse tipo de impacto pode afetar a saúde dos moradores do local e de toda biota.

The effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals on terrestrial annelids in urban soils O efeito de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos e metais pesados em anelídeos terrestres de solos urbanos

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Pižl Václav

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The effect of soil contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH and heavy metals on earthworms and enchytraeids was studied in urban parks, in Brno, Czech Republic. In spring and autumn 2007, annelids were collected and soil samples taken in lawns along transects, at three different distances (1, 5 and 30 m from streets with heavy traffic. In both seasons, two parks with two transects each were sampled. Earthworms were collected using the electrical octet method. Enchytraeids were extracted by the wet funnel method from soil cores. All collected annelids were counted and identified. Basic chemical parameters and concentrations of 16 PAH, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were analysed from soil from each sampling point. PAH concentrations were rather low, decreasing with the distance from the street in spring but not in autumn. Heavy metal concentrations did not decrease significantly with increasing distance. Annelid densities did not significantly differ between distances, although there was a trend of increase in the number of earthworms with increasing distance. There were no significant correlations between soil content of PAH or heavy metals and earthworm or enchytraeid densities. Earthworm density and biomass were negatively correlated with soil pH; and enchytraeid density was positively correlated with soil phosphorus.O efeito da contaminação do solo por hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH e metais pesados em minhocas e enquitreídeos foi estudado em parques urbanos, em Brno, República Tcheca. Na primavera e outono de 2007, os anelídeos foram coletados, e amostras de solo foram retiradas de gramados ao longo de transectos, em três diferentes distâncias (1, 5 e 30 m de ruas com muito tráfego. Nas duas estações, foram amostrados dois parques com dois transectos cada um. As minhocas com uso do método do octeto elétrico, e os enquitreídeos foram extraídos das amostras de solo pelo método do funil úmido. Todos os anel

Geoquímica da contaminação industrial do solo e do subsolo por metais pesados na região de Suzano-SP

OpenAIRE

Rivaldo França de Mello Junior

1998-01-01

Esta dissertação analisa o comportamento geoquímico de metais pesados no solo e subsolo, submetidos à disposição inadequada de resíduos de origem industrial, na forma de aterros não controlados, em um caso prático nos arredores de uma indústria de insumos para fertilizantes, no município de Suzano - SP. Com base em estudos anteriores, centrados na contaminação das águas superficial e subterrânea do local selecionou-se para investigação os seguintes metais pesados; Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Zn e Cr. O m...

Source identification of heavy metal contamination using metal association and Pb isotopes in Ulsan Bay sediments, East Sea, Korea

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chae, Jung Sun; Choi, Man Sik; Song, Yun Ho; Um, In Kwon; Kim, Jae Gon

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The levels of Cu, Zn, and Pb in sediments were higher than the Korean TEL at one-third of all sites. • The primary source of metal contamination came from activities related to nonferrous metal refineries near Onsan Harbor. • Three different anthropogenic sources and background sediments could be identified as endmembers using Pb isotopes. • The major anthropogenic Pb sources were identified as imported ores from Australia and Peru. • Isotope ratios in anthropogenic Pb discharged from Ulsan Bay to offshore could be identified. - Abstract: To determine the characteristics of metal pollution sources in Ulsan Bay, East Sea, 39 surface and nine core sediments were collected within the bay and offshore area, and analyzed for metals and stable lead (Pb) isotopes. Most surface sediments (>95% from 48 sites) had high copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and Pb concentrations that were as much as 1.3 times higher than background values. The primary source of metal contamination came from activities related to nonferrous metal refineries near Onsan Harbor, and the next largest source was from shipbuilding companies located at the mouth of the Taehwa River. Three different anthropogenic sources and background sediments could be identified as end-members using Pb isotopes. Isotopic ratios for the anthropogenic Pb revealed that the sources were imported ores from Australia, Peru, and the United States. In addition, Pb isotopes of anthropogenic Pb discharged from Ulsan Bay toward offshore could be determined

Disponibilidade dos metais pesados tóxicos cádmio, chumbo e cromo no solo e tecido foliar da soja adubada com diferentes fontes de NPK+Zn Availability of cadmium, lead and chromium toxic heavy metals in soil and soybean leaf tissue fertilized with different sources of NPK+Zn

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Ivair André Nava

2011-10-01

Full Text Available Os fertilizantes utilizados para suprir micronutrientes podem apresentar metais pesados tóxicos em sua composição que podem proporcionar severas consequências ao meio ambiente. Plantas cultivadas na presença de determinadas concentrações de elementos tóxicos podem oferecer risco de contaminação, pois os acumulam em seus tecidos. Desse forma, neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a disponibilização dos metais pesados tóxicos Cd, Pb, e Cr para o solo e tecido foliar da cultura da soja, cultivada a campo e fertilizada com um formulado N:P2O5:K2O e diferentes fontes de Zn. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial [(5+1x2], com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco diferentes fertilizantes NPK+Zn (quatro fontes com Zn e uma sem Zn, um tratamento sem adubação e duas doses de adubação (uma vez e o seu dobro. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi concluído que a aplicação dos tratamentos disponibilizou Cd, Pb e Cr para as plantas de soja e para o solo do experimento nas duas doses de adubação utilizadas.Fertilizers used to supply micronutrients may have toxic heavy metals in their composition, which can have severe consequences for the environment. Plants grown in the presence of certain concentrations of toxic elements may present a risk of contamination because the toxins accumulate in their tissues. This study aimed to measure the presence of the toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb and Cr in the soil and leaf tissue of field-grown soybean plants, fertilized with a formulated N:P2O5:K2O and different sources of Zn. The experimental design utilized randomized blocks in a factorial scheme [(5+1x2], with three replications. The treatments consisted of five different fertilizers NPK + Zn (four sources with Zn and one without Zn, a treatment without fertilizer and two fertilizer levels (a single and double application. Based on obtained results it was concluded that the double

Metales pesados en plantas provenientes de áreas afectadas por la minería aurífera en la reserva forestal Imataca, Venezuela

OpenAIRE

Reyes Gil, Rosa; Bermúdez, Alexis; De Abreu, Orlando; Alvarado, José; Dominguez, José

2006-01-01

Metales pesados en plantas provenientes de áreas afectadas por la minería aurífera en la reserva forestal Imataca, Venezuela. Reyes Gil, Rosa; Bermúdez, Alexis; De Abreu, Orlando; Alvarado, José y Dominguez, José Resumen La Reserva Forestal Imataca ha sido explotada artesanalmente para la extracción de oro de aluvión con la utilización de técnicas agresivas para el ambiente, que incluyen la deforestación de grandes áreas boscosas y el uso de mercurio. El objetivo de este traba...

Efecto de metales pesados en el crecimiento de la microalga tropical Tetraselmis chuii (Prasinophyceae

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Jiudith Cordero

2005-09-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo determina el efecto tóxico de los metales cadmio (Cd, cobre (Cu, mercurio (Hg y plomo (Pb en la microalga tropical Tetraselmis chuii (Butcher, 1959. Se expuso, por triplicado, 50 ml de cultivo (f/2 Guillard de la microalga en fase de crecimiento logarítmica ante las concentraciones de 0 (control; 0.1; 1.0; 5.0; 10.0 y 20.0 mg· l-1 durante 96 hr. La evaluación del efecto letal se realizó diariamente, mediante recuento celular con una cámara de Neubauer. En el tratamiento control, sin exposición al metal, se observó un incremento de la densidad celular, en contraste con un decrecimiento en los tratamientos con exposición a los metales, los cuales fueron acelerados hasta las 48 hr, a partir de cuando el decrecimiento se hizo menos pronunciado. Una excepción se produjo con el Cd y el Cu a las 24 h, donde no se determinó decrecimiento significativo, probablemente debido a su capacidad de actuar como micronutriente a bajas concentraciones. El metal que produjo mayor efecto fue el Pb, produciendo una letalidad al 50% de la población microalgal a 0.40 mg· l-1, la cual fue casi tres veces menor que la establecida para el Hg y más de 13 veces menor que la del Cd y Cu. Se recomienda la microalga Tetraselmis chuii como especie modelo para la utilización en pruebas en función estimar efectos tóxicos por xenobióticos en el ambiente acuático marino tropical.Efect of heavy metals on the growth of the tropical microalga Tetrasermis chuii (Prasinophyceae. We determined the toxic effect of four metals, cadmium (Cd, copper (Cu, mercury (Hg and lead (Pb, on the tropical microalga Tetraselmis Chuii (Butcher, 1959. We exposed 50 ml of cultivated microalgae (f/2 Guillard in the exponential growth phase, with three replicates, to concentrations of 0 (control, 0.1, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 mg· l-1 with each metal for 96 hr. We evaluated the lethal effect daily, through the cellular count. In the control treatment (not exposed to any

Metodologías para establecer valores de referencia de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas: perspectivas para Colombia Methods for establishing baseline values for heavy metals in agricultural soils:: Prospects for Colombia

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Germán Rueda Saa

2011-07-01

Full Text Available Los impactos ambientales de los metales pesados en los suelos están relacionados con su carácter tóxico cuando se acumulan o interactúan con algunas propiedades específicas, se movilizan a través del perfil a la cadena trófica mediante los cuerpos de agua o los cultivos y pueden llegar a afectar la salud humana. En países desarrollados el establecimiento de valores de referencia de estos metales ha permitido el mejoramiento de la planeación y la gestión ambiental del recurso suelo, y se ha convertido en un instrumento de control para las entidades ambientales que ha permitido evaluar el impacto en diferentes actividades agrícolas. En este artículo se analizan diversos conceptos relacionados con los niveles de metales pesados en suelos agrícolas y la incidencia de las características edafológicas en su concentración. Se revisan, igualmente, algunas metodologías para derivar valores de referencia específicos aplicables a suelos agrícolas colombianos, y se plantean algunas perspectivas orientadas a la protección y recuperación de suelos en el país. En Colombia en la actualidad no se cuenta con criterios y estándares de calidad para medir la contaminación por metales pesados en suelos agrícolas; por esto se hace necesario gestionar el apoyo de entidades gubernamentales con el fin de iniciar y desarrollar investigaciones en diferentes sectores agrícolas primarios, contribuyendo de esta forma a garantizar una producción más limpia y la sostenibilidad ambiental del recurso suelo.From an environmental perspective, the importance of heavy metals in soils is related to their toxicity either due to accumulation or to any interaction among them and some of their specific properties. In each case, heavy metals can move through the soil profile and transfer into the trofic chain by using through water bodies or crops affecting de human health. In developed countries, the establishment of baseline values has permitted improvements

Contaminación por metales pesados en la Cuenca del Río Moche, 1980 – 2010, La Libertad – Perú

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Félix Huaranga Moreno

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La contaminación de las aguas continentales es un problema de escala mundial,principalmente debido alimpacto de los relaves mineros. Utilizando tecnologías de punta,como plantas de neutralización de aguasácidas,muchas empresas están mitigando el impacto de su funcionamiento; por lo que tomando comoreferencia los cambios en la concentración de metales pesados presentes en aguas, suelos y cultivos de lacuenca alta, media y baja del río Moche, se realizaron muestreos de agua en ocho estaciones del río Moche(Trujillo, Perú, y en cuatro sectores de sus márgenes para suelos y cultivos. Los metales pesados másrepresentativos en el agua se presentaron en el Cuenca Alta durante el año de 1980: hierro (557.500 ppm,plomo (100.375 ppm, cadmio (4.550 ppm, cobre (6.900 ppm, zinc (262.900 ppm y arsénico (9.000 ppm;mientras que en los suelos las mayores concentraciones se encontraron en la margen derecha de la CuencaBaja para el año 1980: hierro (83.400 mg/kg; plomo (0.820 mg/kg; cadmio (0.012 mg/kg; cobre (1.240mg/kg; zinc (0.380 mg/kg y arsénico (0.016 mg/kg; en relación con la acumulación de metales en loscultivos, el hierro (0.6525 mg/kg fue el de mayor predominio, siendo la yuca (Manihot esculentus el cultivodonde se presentó. Se concluye que la mayor contaminación a nivel del análisis de agua se presentó en lacuenca alta y durante el año de 1980; mientras que la margen derecha de la cuenca media presentó los mayoresniveles de contaminación en las muestras de suelos; así como a nivel de los cultivos, la yuca (Manihotesculentus fue la especie más contaminada.

Heavy metals in Sinú river, department of Córdoba, Colombia, South America

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John Jairo Feria

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se evaluaron las concentraciones de Al, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, Pb y Cd en sedimentos superficiales del río Sinú. Las muestras se recolectaron en 10 sitios de muestreo aguas abajo del embalse de Urrá I, considerándose dos períodos de muestreo, uno en época de lluvia y otro en época seca. Las concentraciones de los metales se determinaron por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica o por voltametría y se normalizaron con respecto a las concentraciones del aluminio, por ser un metal conservativo. Se observó una fuerte correlación entre las concentraciones de Cu, Ni, Cr y Zn para ambos períodos muestreados, sugiriendo un origen común. Adicionalmente, el factor de enriquecimiento indicó para todos los elementos evaluados, a excepción del Fe, concentraciones enriquecidas de metales pesados en los sedimentos. En los sitios que reciben el impacto de los suelos inundados, existe una mayor concentración de metales en los sedimentos, comparada con otras zonas de la cuenca, lo cual se asocia con la reducción de sulfatos y la formación de sulfuros y la subsecuente liberación y disponibilidad de metales pesados.

Contenido de metales en Cancer polyodon (Crustacea: Decapoda en un sistema de bahías del norte de Chile (27°S Metal contents in Cancer polyodon (Crustacea: Decapoda in a bay system of northern Chile (27°S

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Alexis Castillo

2011-11-01

Full Text Available El contenido de Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Al y Ni fue analizado en tejido muscular de Cancer polyodon en las bahías de Caldera, Calderilla, Inglesa y Salada (Atacama, Chile. Los resultados fueron comparados con estudios similares desarrollados por otros autores y la normativa de carácter nacional e internacional relacionada con el contenido de metales pesados en crustáceos para consumo humano. El orden de abundancia de los metales analizados en C. polyodon fue CdThe contents of Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Al and Ni in the muscle tissue of Cancer polyodon from Caldera, Calderilla, Inglesa, and Salada bays (Atacama, Chile were quantified. The results were compared with similar studies by other authors and with the national and international regulatory standards for heavy metal contents in crustaceans for human consumption. In increasing order, the metal contents in C. polyodon were: Cd< Ni< Cu< Pb< ZnPb, Fe and Al were highest in Salada Bay: Cu and Ni were highest in Caldera Bay; and Zn was highest in Inglesa Bay. All the metals except Cu differed significantly (P < 0.05 among the analyzed bays. Of the seven metals analyzed, Pb, Fe, and Al concentrations in C. polyodon were higher than those reported for other coastal systems. Concentrations of Cu (except Calderilla, Cd (except Caldera and Inglesa, and Pb exceeded the threshold values indicated by the national and international standards, suggesting that the presence of these metals in C. polyodon represents a potential risk for human health.

LOS RIESGOS DE LOS METALES PESADOS EN LA SALUD HUMANA Y ANIMAL

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LUIS FERNANDO LONDOÑO FRANCO

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This work is a study of heavy metals and the potential risk they may pose to the health of humans and animals, including the food chain. In order to contribute to knowledge and lay foundation on the situation of these pollutants in our environment. Undoubtedly the mining, pollution of soil, water, plants and animals on behalf of industrialization, fertilizers, chemical insecticides and other activities for the development of modern societies have led to an inordinate increase of heavy metals: mercury (Hg, lead (Pb, arsenic (As, cadmium (Cd, copper (Cu, chromium (Cr, among others, and as a direct result of pollution. Furthermore it added to factors such as climate change, the greenhouse effect, deforestation, loss of natural resources in flora and fauna have increased the threat of heavy metals in nature. The aim is to examine the heavy metal as its source, distribution, general purposes and major alterations on the environment, also affecting human and animal health. To promote greater awareness and research on the subject, which may lead to reduced risks of heavy metals in ecosystems.

Content Heavy Metal Pb, Cd In Perna viridis And Sediments In Semarang Bay

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Suprapto, D.; Suryanti, S.; Latifah, N.

2018-02-01

Waste disposal from human activities, generally contain heavy metals such as Pb and Cd which derived from industrial activities. The aims of the study were to know the concentration of Pb and Cd heavy metals contained in Perna viridis tissue, sediment and water at Semarang Bay. This study was conducted in May 2017 at Semarang Bay. - Samples were collected using purposive sampling method. The heavy metal content in the water and clam was observed using- APHA method and was analyzed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The results showed that concentration of heavy metal of Pb in the water was 0.00-50.5mg/L and the Cd content was of 26.9-51.7 mg/L, whereas the concentration of Pb in the sediment is 445.5-2.053.0mg/L and Cd 963.3-2,150.0 mg/L. Pb content in soft tissue of Perna viridis - is 67.1-1.933.9 mg/L and the concentration of Cd was 203.5-5.787.3 mg/L. The analysis of Pb and Cd in seawater, sediment and soft tissue of Perna viridis according to Enviroment Ministerial decree (KepMenLH ) number 51 of 2004 and applied by NOAA 1999 does not exceed the quality standard, that meant that the Perna viridis has been contaminated by metal Pb it is controversial with the above sentence and Cd. It concluded that the metal content of Pb and Cd in Perna viridis tissue exceeds the quality standard, so it is not suitable to be consumed, especially in high quantity

Experimental Liquidus Studies of the Pb-Cu-Si-O System in Equilibrium with Metallic Pb-Cu Alloys

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Shevchenko, M.; Nicol, S.; Hayes, P. C.; Jak, E.

2018-03-01

Phase equilibria of the Pb-Cu-Si-O system have been investigated in the temperature range from 1073 K to 1673 K (800 °C to 1400 °C) for oxide liquid (slag) in equilibrium with solid Cu metal and/or liquid Pb-Cu alloy, and solid oxide phases: (a) quartz or tridymite (SiO2) and (b) cuprite (Cu2O). High-temperature equilibration on silica or copper substrates was performed, followed by quenching, and direct measurement of Pb, Cu, and Si concentrations in the liquid and solid phases using the electron probe X-ray microanalysis has been employed to accurately characterize the system in equilibrium with Cu or Pb-Cu metal. All results are projected onto the PbO-"CuO0.5"-SiO2 plane for presentation purposes. The present study is the first-ever systematic investigation of this system to describe the slag liquidus temperatures in the silica and cuprite primary phase fields.

210Pb geochronology and trace metal fluxes (Cd, Cu and Pb) in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, South Pacific of Mexico

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana Carolina; Paez-Osuna, Federico; Machain-Castillo, Maria Luisa; Arellano-Torres, Elsa

2004-01-01

Distributions of Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn and Pb were analyzed in a sediment core collected in the Gulf of Tehuantepec, an important fisheries region located in the South Pacific of Mexico, where data on metal accumulation and accretion rates were previously almost nonexistent. Depth profiles of metal concentrations were converted to time-based profiles by using a 210 Pb-derived vertical accretion rate, estimated to be 0.05 cm year -1 on the average. Sediments were dated up to 8 cm depth, corresponding to a layer of ca. 140 years old. The historical changes of metal accumulation along the sediment core have shown a moderate enrichment of Cd, Cu and Pb concentrations at present, of about threefold the corresponding background concentrations. Chronological trace metal records showed that metal fluxes have increased over the last 20 years, reaching the maximum values at present of 2.5, 22.5 and 45.8 (μg cm -2 year -1 ) for Cd, Pb and Cu, respectively. These increments in metal fluxes are likely influenced by the development of anthropogenic land-based activities since over this period of time oil production activities in the region have had a significant development

Disponibilidade de metais pesados em Latossolo com aplicação superficial de escória, lama cal, lodos de esgoto e calcário Heavy metal exchangeable in an Oxisol with surface application of flue dust, aqueous lime, sewage sludge and limestone

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Juliano Corulli Corrêa

2008-03-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar alguns atributos químicos do solo e a disponibilidade de cádmio (Cd, cromo (Cr, níquel (Ni, mercúrio (Hg, chumbo (Pb e arsênio (As, por meio da extração pelo DTPA, em conseqüência da aplicação superficial de escória de aciaria, lama cal e lodos de esgoto centrifugados e de biodigestores, nas doses 0 (testemunha, 2, 4 e 8 Mg ha-1 e um tratamento adicional composto pela calagem superficial na dose 2 Mg ha-1. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, em condições de campo, em área sob sistema plantio direto, durante 2003 e 2004. A aplicação superficial de escória de aciaria, lama cal, lodo de esgoto centrifugado e de biodigestor, até a dose 8 Mg ha-1, assim como o calcário na dose 2 Mg ha-1, não trazem problemas de disponibilidade ao ambiente, com relação aos metais pesados Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Ni e As, quando aplicados sobre a superfície em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, no sistema plantio direto. A fitodisponibilidade de metais pesados às culturas da soja e aveia-preta foi nula, quando foram aplicadas doses de até 8 Mg ha-1 de lodo de esgoto, escória e lama cal sobre a superfície do solo, no sistema plantio direto.The objective of this work was to evaluate the soil chemical attributes and exchange of cadmium (Cd, chromium (Cr, nickel (Ni, mercury (Hg, lead (Pb and arsenic (As by DTPA extractor in an Oxisol with surface application of flue dust, aqueous lime, sewage sludge in rates of zero (control, 2, 4 and 8 Mg ha-1 and one additional treatment of dolomitic limestone at 2 Mg ha-1. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design under field conditions, in a no-tillage system in 2003 and 2004. The surface applications of flue dust, aqueous lime and sewage sludge centrifuge and biodigestor at 8 Mg ha-1, as well as the application of limestone at 2 Mg ha-1, cause no problems of exchange to the environment, related to the heavy metals Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb, Ni

Sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium e Azorhizobium em misturas de solo contaminadas com metais pesados

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A. Matsuda

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Estudos foram realizados no Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras (MG, no período de novembro/1999 a janeiro/2000, com o objetivo de avaliar a sobrevivência de estirpe e isolados de rizóbio em solo contaminado com metais pesados e verificar a relação entre tolerância do rizóbio a metais pesados em meio de cultura e sua sobrevivência em solo contaminado. Foram utilizados os dois microrganismos mais tolerantes [BR-4406 (estirpe recomendada para Enterolobium spp. e UFLA-01-457 (isolado de solo contaminado, ambos pertencentes ao gênero Bradyrhizobium ] e os dois mais sensíveis (UFLA-01-486 e UFLA-01-510, isolados de solo contaminado, pertencentes ao gênero Azorhizobium , todos selecionados de um grupo de 60estirpes/isolados em estudos prévios deste laboratório, em meio de cultura suplementado com metais pesados.Empregaram-se misturas de um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE que continham 0, 15 e 45% (v/v de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo plíntico contaminado com Zn, Cd, Pb e Cu. As misturas de solo contaminado foram inoculadas com 20mL de cultura em YM na fase log das estirpes mencionadas, as quais foram testadas separadamente com três repetições. A avaliação do número de células viáveis no solo, realizada aos 0, 7, 14, 21 e 28dias de incubação, pelo método das diluições sucessivas e inoculação em placas com meio YMA, revelou comportamento diferenciado entre os organismos estudados. O número médio de células que sobreviveram ao final de 28 dias de incubação foi de (em UFCg-1de solo: 10(10,36, 10(10,29 e 10(9,70, para Bradyrhizobium, e 10(9,36, 10(7,54 e 0, para Azorhizobium em misturas de 0, 15 e 45% de solo contaminado, respectivamente. Portanto, houve maior sobrevivência de Bradyrhizobium do que de Azorhizobium , indicando maior tolerância a metais pesados do primeiro gênero.Como Bradyrhizobium foi também mais tolerante "in vitro", os resultados indicam haver relação entre o

Potential Of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris As Bioremediation Agents of Heavy Metal Pb (Lead On Culture Media

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Rita Sulistya Dewi Endah

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study to determine the ability of Chlorella vulgaris in absorbing Pb (lead and the effect of the variation of Pb metal concentration on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris.This study using an experimental study with complete random design with 4 treatments, namely control (without the addition of metal, Pb1 (addition of metal 1 mg / l, Pb3 (3 mg / l and Pb5 (5 mg / l, respectively 3 replications. Exposure Pb ion in Chlorella vulgaris for 7 days. Analysis of the metal content of Pb concentration performed on culture media after exposure it at 3 hours after dispersion Chlorella vulgaris and on day 7 of culture using the AAS method. Do also counting the growth of cells each day. The results of the analysis of the average metal content of Pb in the culture medium at the end of the study was the control (0.1980, Pb1 (0.1453, Pb3 (0.4144 and Pb5 (0.5305. While the average growth of Chlorella vulgaris at the end of the study were control (630.1116 x 104, Pb1 (829.0012 x 104, Pb3 (1069.9446 x 104 and Pb 5 (808.94450 x 104. The results of the analysis of the content of Pb in the F test shown that the difference in concentration of water Pb given real influence on the ability of Chlorella vulgaris in absorbing Pb and growth. The conclusion of this study was Chlorella vulgaris has the ability to absorb metals in the waters, and the provision of various concentrations of Pb can affect the growth of Chlorella vulgaris.

Potential Of Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris As Bioremediation Agents of Heavy Metal Pb (Lead) On Culture Media

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Dewi, Endah Rita Sulistya; Nuravivah, Riza

2018-02-01

The purpose of this study to determine the ability of Chlorella vulgaris in absorbing Pb (lead) and the effect of the variation of Pb metal concentration on the growth of Chlorella vulgaris.This study using an experimental study with complete random design with 4 treatments, namely control (without the addition of metal), Pb1 (addition of metal 1 mg / l), Pb3 (3 mg / l) and Pb5 (5 mg / l), respectively 3 replications. Exposure Pb ion in Chlorella vulgaris for 7 days. Analysis of the metal content of Pb concentration performed on culture media after exposure it at 3 hours after dispersion Chlorella vulgaris and on day 7 of culture using the AAS method. Do also counting the growth of cells each day. The results of the analysis of the average metal content of Pb in the culture medium at the end of the study was the control (0.1980), Pb1 (0.1453), Pb3 (0.4144) and Pb5 (0.5305). While the average growth of Chlorella vulgaris at the end of the study were control (630.1116 x 104), Pb1 (829.0012 x 104), Pb3 (1069.9446 x 104) and Pb 5 (808.94450 x 104). The results of the analysis of the content of Pb in the F test shown that the difference in concentration of water Pb given real influence on the ability of Chlorella vulgaris in absorbing Pb and growth. The conclusion of this study was Chlorella vulgaris has the ability to absorb metals in the waters, and the provision of various concentrations of Pb can affect the growth of Chlorella vulgaris.

Heavy metals pollution and pb isotopic signatures in surface sediments collected from Bohai Bay, North China.

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Gao, Bo; Lu, Jin; Hao, Hong; Yin, Shuhua; Yu, Xiao; Wang, Qiwen; Sun, Ke

2014-01-01

To investigate the characteristics and potential sources of heavy metals pollution, surface sediments collected from Bohai Bay, North China, were analyzed for the selected metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn). The Geoaccumulation Index was used to assess the level of heavy metal pollution. Pb isotopic compositions in sediments were also measured to effectively identify the potential Pb sources. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were 0.15, 79.73, 28.70, 36.56, 25.63, and 72.83 mg/kg, respectively. The mean concentrations of the studied metals were slightly higher than the background values. However, the heavy metals concentrations in surface sediments in Bohai Bay were below the other important bays or estuaries in China. The assessment by Geoaccumulation Index indicated that Cr, Zn, and Cd were classified as "the unpolluted" level, while Ni, Cu, and Pb were ranked as "unpolluted to moderately polluted" level. The order of pollution level of heavy metals was: Pb > Ni > Cu > Cr > Zn > Cd. The Pb isotopic ratios in surface sediments varied from 1.159 to 1.185 for (206)Pb/(207)Pb and from 2.456 to 2.482 for (208)Pb/(207)Pb. Compared with Pb isotopic radios in other sources, Pb contaminations in the surface sediments of Bohai Bay may be controlled by the mix process of coal combustion, aerosol particles deposition, and natural sources.

Niveles de metales pesados en el ambiente y su exposición en la población luego de cinco años de exploración minera en Las Bambas, Perú 2010

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Jonh Astete

Full Text Available Objetivos. Determinar las concentraciones de material particulado (PM10 y metales pesados en el ambiente, así como en población aledaña al proyecto Las Bambas luego de cinco años de exploración minera. Materiales y métodos. Estudio comparativo de corte transversal realizado en tres distritos del área de influencia del proyecto Las Bambas en la región Apurímac, Perú. Se obtuvo muestras de agua, aire y suelo para determinar las concentraciones de PM10 y metales pesados. Se tomó muestras de sangre y orina a 310 pobladores para evaluar niveles de plomo, cadmio, arsénico y mercurio. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos el año 2005. Resultados. Concentraciones ambientales de PM10 y metales pesados no sobrepasaron los valores referenciales establecidos. La calidad de agua de consumo y suelo no se encuentra alterada. Para el año 2010 comparado con los valores hallados el 2005, los niveles promedio de cadmio y mercurio en orina se incrementaron significativamente en la población del distrito de Chalhuahuacho (2,4 + 0,8 y 2,6 + 0,4, el Progreso (2,6 + 1,1 y 2,9 + 1,3 y Haquira (3,2 + 1,2 y 2,6 + 0,9. Los valores de cadmio superaron los límites permisibles. Conclusiones. Luego de cinco años de actividad de exploración minera, no se han visto afectadas las características ambientales de la zonas de influencia del proyecto minero Las Bambas, sin embargo, se observan cambios en los niveles de cadmio en orina y en el porcentaje de personas que lo presentan.

Influencia del rio Manzanares en la biodisponibilidad de metales pesados (Co, Cr, Pb, Zn en la zona costera frente a la ciudad de Cumaná, estado Sucre, Venezuela

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Ernesto Rodríguez

2012-05-01

Full Text Available The concentrations of heavy metals Co, Cr, Pb and Zn in the bioavailable fraction in surface sediments of marine-coastal region of the city of Cumana, Venezuela, were studied during periods of drought and rain, in 17 sampling stations located along the shoreline. Significant differences between the two periods of sampling were detected for chromium and lead concentrations, reaching the highest values during the rainy season. For the rest of the metals studied a similar behavior was found for both periods. Likewise, significant differences were observed for chromium and lead, showing a greater enrichment of the latter in the area of high river influence.

Avaliação dos níveis de metais pesados em efluente líquido percolado do aterro sanitário de Paranavaí, Estado do Paraná, Brasil = Assessment of heavy metal levels in percolated liquid from sanitary landfill in Paranavaí, Paraná State, Brazil

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Lucila Akiko Nagashima

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O percolado pode conter diversas substâncias químicas com características tóxicas, dentre elas os metais pesados oriundos de vários materiais provenientes de indústrias, atividades agrícolas, laboratórios, hospitais, residências. A contaminação pormetais apresenta amplo espectro de toxicidade que inclui efeitos neurotóxicos, hepatóxicos, nefrotóxicos, teratogênicos, carcinogênicos ou mutagênicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi aavaliação dos níveis de Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn do percolado gerado no aterro sanitário de Paranavaí - PR. As amostras foram coletadas a partir de setembro de 2006 a julho de 2007, em quatro pontos distintos nas lagoas de tratamento. Para detecção dosmetais utilizou-se o espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica com chama. Os resultados foram comparados com os limites máximos de concentração de metais em efluentes líquidos estabelecidos pela Resolução 397/2008 - Conama (BRASIL, 2008. Verificou-se que os níveis dos metais analisados, com exceção do Pb, estão dentro dos limites permissíveispela legislação ambiental.Percolated liquid may contain several chemical substances with toxic characteristics, among them heavy metals from industrial sources, agricultural activities, laboratories, hospitals and residences. Metal contamination presents a wide array of toxicities, such as neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic effects. The objective of this work was to assess the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in percolated liquid produced at the sanitary landfill in Paranavaí. The samples were collected from September of 2006 to July of 2007, at fourdistinct places of the treatment lake. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a burner was used to detect the metals. The results were compared with the maximum allowed values for metal concentration present in Resolution 397/2008 – Conama (BRAZIL, 2008.It was verified that the level of analyzed

Evaluation of the heavy metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in water penny wort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) from the upper course of the Lerma River, Mexico; Evaluacion de los metales pesados Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn y Pb en sombrerillo de agua (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) del curso alto del Rio Lerma, Mexico

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Zarazua, G.; Avila P, P.; Tejeda, S. [ININ, Carretera Mexico-Toluca s/n, 52750 Ocoyoacac, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Valdivia B, M.; Macedo M, G. [Instituto Tecnologico de Toluca, Av. Tecnologico s/n, Ex-Rancho La Virgen, 52140 Metepec, Estado de Mexico (Mexico); Zepeda G, C., E-mail: graciela.zarazua@inin.gob.mx [Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, Cerro de Coatepec s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 50100 Toluca, Estado de Mexico (Mexico)

2013-07-01

The Lerma river is one of the most polluted water bodies in Mexico, it presents low biodiversity and lets grow up aquatic plants resistant to the pollution. The aim of this work was to evaluate the concentration and bioaccumulation factors of Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in aerial and submerged structures of water penny wort (Hydrocotyle ranunculoides) from the upper course of the Lerma river. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of heavy metals in water and H. ranunculoides. Results show that the bioaccumulation factors of Fe and Zn were higher than those of Cu, Mn, Cr and Pb; with the exception of Zn, bioaccumulation factors were higher in the submerged structures of the plant, which shows low mobility of analyzed metals. As a result of this study H. ranunculoides can be considered as good indicator of metal pollution in water bodies. (Author)

Estabelecimento de plantas herbáceas em solo com contaminação de metais pesados e inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares Establishment of herbaceous plants in heavy metal contaminated soils inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro

2001-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho estudou-se o estabelecimento de plantas herbáceas em solo com contaminação de metais pesados (MP e inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs. O experimento foi realizado em bandejas, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo cinco proporções de solo contaminado com MP na ausência e presença de FMAs. Sementes de oito espécies de gramíneas e uma crucífera (mostarda -- Brassica sp. foram plantadas e cultivadas por 120 dias e avaliadas em dois cortes. No primeiro corte, as gramíneas foram severamente afetadas pela contaminação, e a mostarda foi pouco afetada, mostrando alta tolerância. No segundo corte, o efeito da contaminação foi negligível para as gramíneas, e a inoculação dos FMAs aumentou em 24% a matéria seca destas em relação ao controle sem inoculação. A inoculação teve também efeito positivo na matéria seca das raízes e na colonização micorrízica. Os teores de Cd, Zn e Pb na parte aérea foram maiores na mostarda do que nas gramíneas em ambos os cortes. Apesar de a inoculação não ter efeito no crescimento das gramíneas do primeiro corte, as plantas com inoculação apresentaram maior acúmulo de Zn, Cd e Pb no segundo corte. A maior tolerância da mostarda aos metais pesados permitiu seu crescimento e conseqüente acúmulo de Zn, Cd e Pb do solo contaminado. A extração destes elementos do solo pode ter contribuído para o melhor desenvolvimento subseqüente das gramíneas, favorecendo o estabelecimento das plantas.The establishment of herbaceous plants in soil contaminated by heavy metals (HM and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF was evaluated in the present study. The experiment was conducted in trays, in a 5 x 2 factorial, being five proportions of contaminated soil with or without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF. Seeds of eight grass species and a mustard (Brassica sp. were planted and allowed to grow for 120 days under greenhouse conditions

Evaluación de la eficiencia de una batería de filtros empacados en zeolita en la remoción de metales pesados presentes en un licor mixto bajo condiciones de laboratorio Evaluation of efficiency of a filter battery packaging zeolite in the removal of heavy metals in a mixed liquor under laboratory conditions

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Diana Rocío Acevedo Cifuentes

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este artículo se muestran resultados de investigación obtenidos en la remoción de los metales pesados, plomo, níquel, cromo, cadmio y mercurio, presentes en una solución compuesta por licor mixto proveniente de la planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de San Fernando y una solución preparada con metales pesados con una concentración conocida, mediante el uso de una batería de filtros empacados en zeolita clinoptilolita. La experimentación se desarrolló bajo condiciones controladas de caudal y pH, a temperatura ambiente. Se encontró que la eficiencia de los filtros bajo las condiciones específicas de diseño es significativamente alta en la remoción de los metales pesados evaluados en la solución acuosa. Se encontró, además, que sin importar el valor de la concentración inicial, se obtuvo una remoción importante en los contaminantes luego de pasar por los filtros con una mayor eficiencia en la remoción del mercurio.This article shows the research results on the removal of five heavy metals (lead, nickel, chromium, cadmium and mercury present in a liquor made of a mixture of wastewater from San Fernando wastewater treatment plant and a solution prepared with known concentrations of heavy metals, using a series of batery filters packed with zeolita clinoptilolita. The experiments were run under controlled conditions of flow and pH, at room temperature. It was found that the removal efficiency was significantly high under the specified design conditions; also, it was found an important removal of the contaminants after passing through the filters, independently of the initial concentration, with the highest observed removal for mercury.

Fitorremediación de suelos contaminados con metales pesados

OpenAIRE

Maqueda Gálvez, Alma Patricia

2003-01-01

En el presente trabajo se cultivaron plántulas de Beta vulgaris (acelga) , Phaseolus vulgaris L. (frijol) y Petroselinum crispum (perejil) a nivel de laboratorio. Se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos: T1 (50 mg Pb/kg de vermiculita y 2 mg Cd/kg de vermiculita), T2 (75 mg Pb/ kg de vermiculita y 2 mg Cd/kg de vermiculita), T3 (150 mg Pb/kg de vermiculita y 2 mg Cd/kg de vermiculita) y suelo contaminado, SC (208.19 mg Pb/kg y 10.04 mg Cd/kg. Las plántulas de acelga y de frijol se ...

Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, V) in Sediment, roots and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Michael Horsfall

info and www.bioline.org.br/ja. Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, V) in Sediment, roots and leaves of ... ABSTRACT: Sirik mangrove forests harbour two species, Avicennia marina and .... Based on the soil critical concentration value of Pb.

Heavy metal biosorption by chitin and chitosan isolated from Cunninghamella elegans (IFM 46109 Remoção de metais pesados por quitina e quitosana isoladas de Cunninghamella elegans (IFM 46109

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Luciana de Oliveira Franco

2004-09-01

Full Text Available Chitin and chitosan were extracted from mycelial biomass of Cunninghamella elegans and the performance for copper, lead and iron biosorption in aqueous solution was evaluated. The growth curve of C. elegans was accomplished by determination of biomass, pH, glucose and nitrogen consumption. Chitin and chitosan were extracted by alkali-acid treatment and the yields were 23.8 and 7.8%, respectively. For the adsorption analysis, the process of heavy uptake metal sorption was evaluated using polysaccharides solutions (1% w/v. The rate of metallic biosorption was dependent upon the concentration and pH of metal solutions, and the best results were observed with pH 4.0. Chitosan showed the highest affinity for copper and chitin for iron adsorption. The results suggest that C. elegans (IFM 46109 is an attractive source of production of chitin and chitosan, with a great potential of heavy metals bioremediation in polluted environments.Quitina e quitosana foram extraídas a partir da massa micelial de Cunninghamella elegans (IFM 46109 e avaliou-se a aplicação destes polissacarídeos na remoção dos metais pesados cobre, chumbo e ferro preparados em solução aquosa. O crescimento de C. elegans foi acompanhado através da determinação de biomassa, pH, consumo de glicose e de nitrogênio. A extração de quitina e quitosana realizou-se através de tratamento álcali-ácido e a produção dos polissacarídeos foi de 23,8 e 7,8 %, respectivamente. A avaliação do processo de remoção dos metais pesados foi realizada utilizando-se os polissacarídeos em solução a 1% (p/v. Os níveis de biossorção de metais foram dependentes da concentração e do pH das soluções. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos em pH 4,0. A quitosana mostrou maior índice de biossorção para o íon cobre e a quitina para o ferro. Os resultados sugerem que C.elegans pode ser considerada uma fonte atrativa para a produção alternativa de quitina e quitosana, e que demonstra

Corrosion experiment in the first liquid metal LiPb loop of China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Qunying; Zhang Maolian; Zhu Zhiqiang; Gao Sheng; Wu Yican; Li Yanfen; Song Yong; Li Chunjing; Kong Mingguang

2007-01-01

The liquid metal LiPb blanket design is one of the most promising designs for future fusion power reactors and under wide research in the world. The first liquid metal LiPb loop in China named DRAGON-I was built in 2005 in order to do research on characteristics of liquid metal LiPb such as its corrosion to structural materials of the blankets and so on. The first corrosion experiment in flowing LiPb with a speed of 0.08 m/s at 480 deg. C for 500 h was done in October 2005 on CLAM (China low activation martensitic) steel and 316L stainless steel for comparison. The weights and compositions, etc. of the specimens before and after corrosion experiment were tested and analyzed, the microstructures of the specimens were also inspected by SEM. The results show that the corrosion of CLAM steel is relatively slight, while that for 316L is obvious and very serious. Further study on corrosion behavior of CLAM for longer time experiment in liquid LiPb at different temperatures and flow speeds will be carried out in the near future

Extrações sequenciais de chumbo e zinco em solos de área de mineração e metalurgia de metais pesados

OpenAIRE

Kummer,Larissa; Melo,Vander de Freitas; Barros,Yara Jurema; Azevedo,Julio César Rodrigues de

2011-01-01

A extração sequencial permite obter informações mais detalhadas sobre origem, modo de ocorrência, disponibilidade biológica e físico-química, mobilização e transporte dos metais pesados em ambientes naturais. Com o objetivo de estudar as formas de Pb e Zn foram selecionados oito perfis de solos de diferentes locais dentro de área de mineração e metalurgia de Pb, no município de Adrianópolis (PR), Vale do Rio Ribeira. As amostras foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0 a 10, 10 a 20 e 20 a 40 c...

La contaminación por metales pesados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano La contaminación por metales pesados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano

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Campos C. Néstor Hernando

1990-09-01

Full Text Available Se dan los resultados de los estudios sobre la contaminación por metales pesados en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta. Las determinaciones se realizaron en el material en suspensión, en los bivalvos Crassostrea rhizophorae e Isognomon alatus y en los peces Gathorops spixii y Ariopsis bonillai. Los análisis de los metales Cd, Zn y Cu en el material en suspensión permitieron determinar que las mayores descargas de estos metales se suceden principalmente desde el Río Magdalena a través del Canal del Clarín y de los ríos que fluyen del piedemonte de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. La comparación de los contenidos en bivalvas permiten determinar la importancia de estos organismos como bioindicadores. Los análisis en las dos especies de peces mostraron una diferenciación en la capacidad de acumulación entre una y otra.  Al comparar los contenidos de metales entre los diferentes tipos de muestras con los cambios en los contenidos en el material en suspensión y la salinidad, se observó que estos dos parámetros son principalmente los que controlan la biodisponibilidad de los metales y además afectan los procesos fisiológicos de los organismos, aumentando o disminuyendo la capacidad de bioacumulación. Results of the studies of heavy metals pollution in the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta are provided. The determinations have been done on the suspended matter, on the bivalves Crassostrea rhizophorae and Isognomon alatus, and in the fishes Gathorops spixii and Ariopsis bonillai. The analysis of Cd, Zn and Cu in the suspended matter led to determine that the discharges come principally from the Río Magdalena through the Canal del Clarín and the rivers coming from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. Comparisons of the concentration in bivalves show the importance of this organisms as bioindicators. The analysis in both fish species show a difference in their capacity of accumulation. Comparison of the metals contents between different types

Availability of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, And Cr) in agriculture from commercial fertilizers.

Science.gov (United States)

Nacke, H; Gonçalves, A C; Schwantes, D; Nava, I A; Strey, L; Coelho, G F

2013-05-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the availability of the heavy metals cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and chromium (Cr) to soil and maize plants fertilized with different sources and doses of zinc (Zn) in a Rhodic Eutrudox soil. For that purpose, concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cr were evaluated in leaf tissue and grains of maize plants and in 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers after fertilization with four doses of Zn from eight different sources of fertilizer. There was no accumulation of Cd, Pb, and Cr in maize grain and Cd and Cr in leaf tissue of the plants; nevertheless, there was accumulation of Pb in leaf tissue, showing its availability throughout different sources of Zn and consequent uptake by plants. Regarding the soil, it was observed that fertilizer from the different sources made Cd, Pb, and Cr available at increasing amounts proportional to increased Zn doses. Under experimental conditions, fertilization with Zn increased concentrations of heavy metals Cd, Pb and Cr in soil, further highlighting the importance of conducting more studies related to the application of mineral fertilizers for micronutrient supply and the availability of heavy metals.

Metais pesados em solos de área de rejeitos de indústria de processamento de zinco

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M. R. Ribeiro-Filho

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Apesar de a poluição do solo ser amplamente constatada, estudos sobre as concentrações e formas dos metais pesados em solos e seus efeitos no ecossistema são ainda pouco enfatizados, principalmente em condições tropicais. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em área de rejeitos de uma unidade de extração e industrialização de zinco pertencente à Companhia Mineira de Metais-CMM, em Três Marias (MG, com o objetivo de avaliar as quantidades e formas de metais pesados em sete locais representativos da área. Os locais foram selecionados para amostragem, baseando-se em diferenças na forma de contaminação, aspectos de solo, topografia e vegetação. Realizaram-se análises químicas de fracionamento de metais pesados e extrações simples com DTPA e Mehlich-1, buscando determinar os teores e formas dos metais na superfície e em profundidade e fazer inferências sobre o potencial de risco ambiental desses metais. Os teores totais dos metais nas camadas superficiais dos locais estudados foram, em média, de: 13.533 mg kg-1, para Zn; 170 mg kg-1, para Cd; 865 mg kg-1, para Cu, e 612 mg kg-1, para Pb, enquanto os teores trocáveis (MgCl2 nessas mesmas camadas variaram de 231 a 1.407 mg kg-1, para Zn; 14 a 390 mg kg-1, para Cd, e 11 a 33 mg kg-1, para Pb; o Cu raramente ocorreu nesta forma. Os solos dos locais estudados, com teores excessivos de Zn, Cd, Cu e Pb, são considerados poluídos. Em determinados locais contaminados por escoamento (superficial e subsuperficial e arraste de material de solo e rejeito, a poluição mostrou-se mais evidente nas camadas superficiais. No local da ustulação, verificou-se maior percentagem de Zn trocável em todos os níveis de profundidade. Nos demais locais, o Cd apresentou também grandes concentrações nas formas trocáveis, razão por que tal elemento oferece maior risco de contaminação ambiental. De modo geral, a ocorrência de Zn foi maior nas formas carbonato e residual, enquanto o Cd

Extratores para avaliação da disponibilidade de metais pesados em solos adubados com vermicomposto de lixo urbano

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Mantovani José Ricardo

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Os objetivos deste trabalho foram selecionar extratores químicos para avaliação da disponibilidade de metais pesados em solos tratados com vermicomposto de lixo urbano e calcário, e verificar os efeitos destes insumos nos teores disponíveis de metais pesados em solos. Foram realizados dois ensaios em casa de vegetação. Em um deles, foi usado um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico e, no outro, um Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo eutrófico, e, em ambos, a alface foi utilizada como planta-teste. O delineamento experimental de cada experimento foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 5x5, com quatro repetições, combinando-se doses de corretivos da acidez para elevar a saturação por bases a 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% e 80%, e o equivalente a 0, 25, 50, 75 e 100 t ha-1 de vermicomposto. Os extratores DTPA e Mehlich 3 detectam aumento nos teores de Ni, Pb, Cu e Zn em solos argiloso e arenoso adubados com vermicomposto de lixo urbano. O DTPA é mais eficiente que os extratores Mehlich 1 e Mehlich 3 na avaliação das alterações nos teores disponíveis dos metais pesados provocadas pelas mudanças no pH no solo argiloso. O Mn é o único elemento cuja disponibilidade é avaliada eficientemente tanto no solo argiloso como no arenoso, pelo DTPA.

Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, As and MeHg) as risk factors for cognitive dysfunction: A general review of metal mixture mechanism in brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Karri, Venkatanaidu; Schuhmacher, Marta; Kumar, Vikas

2016-12-01

Human exposure to toxic heavy metals is a global challenge. Concurrent exposure of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and methylmercury (MeHg) are particularly important due to their long lasting effects on the brain. The exact toxicological mechanisms invoked by exposure to mixtures of the metals Pb, Cd, As and MeHg are still unclear, however they share many common pathways for causing cognitive dysfunction. The combination of metals may produce additive/synergetic effects due to their common binding affinity with NMDA receptor (Pb, As, MeHg), Na + - K + ATP-ase pump (Cd, MeHg), biological Ca +2 (Pb, Cd, MeHg), Glu neurotransmitter (Pb, MeHg), which can lead to imbalance between the pro-oxidant elements (ROS) and the antioxidants (reducing elements). In this process, ROS dominates the antioxidants factors such as GPx, GS, GSH, MT-III, Catalase, SOD, BDNF, and CERB, and finally leads to cognitive dysfunction. The present review illustrates an account of the current knowledge about the individual metal induced cognitive dysfunction mechanisms and analyse common Mode of Actions (MOAs) of quaternary metal mixture (Pb, Cd, As, MeHg). This review aims to help advancement in mixture toxicology and development of next generation predictive model (such as PBPK/PD) combining both kinetic and dynamic interactions of metals. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediments from the Gulf of Paria,Trinidad

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Wendy Norville

2005-05-01

Full Text Available The Gulf of Paria receives heavy metal input from urban runoff,industrial and agricultural activity, sewage and domestic wastes:both from the west coast and from inland areas of Trinidad.Non-residual concentrations of nine metals,as well as total mercury concentrations,were used to determine spatial distributions of heavy metals in sediments in the Gulf of Paria.Surficial sediment samples were collected at 37 stations,which included the mouths of 11 major rivers that flow into the Gulf of Paria.Stations were sampled twice during the wet season (July 1998 and November/December 1998and twice during the dry season (March 1999 and April 1999.Sediments were analyzed for aluminium (Al,cadmium (Cd,chromium (Cr,copper (Cu,iron (Fe, lead (Pb,manganese (Mn,nickel (Ni,zinc (Znand mercury (Hg.Total Organic Carbon (TOCand grain size analyses were also performed on the sediments.Principal component analysis showed that sediments from river mouths subject to greatest land use and anthropogenic input,were distinct from other sediments in the Gulf of Paria.This was due to higher Pb,Zn,Cu and Hg concentrations (3.53-73.30 µg g-1 ,45.8-313.9 µg g-1 ,8.43-39.71 µg g-1 and 0.03-0.10 µg g-1 ,respectively.Sediments further from the coast were also distinct due to their higher Al,Fe,Cr and Mn concentrations (1.37-3.16 mg g-1 ,9.51-18.91 mg g-1 ,17.22-28.41 µg g-1 and 323.6 -1,564.2 µg g-1 ,respectively.Cd and Pb were higher in the wet season while Ni was higher in the dry season.Pb,Zn,Cu and Hg were correlated with each other and with TOC.Correlation was also observed between Al,Fe,Cr,Mn and Ni.Al,Fe,Cr and Mn were correlated with percentage clay in sediments.The results suggest that Pb,Zn, Cu and Hg are preferentially removed by organic matter,which settles at the river-mouths,while Al,Fe,Cr,Mn, and Ni become associated with clay minerals and are transported away from the coast.El Golfo de Paria recibe metales pesados de zonas urbanas,industriales y agr

Biomonitoring potential of five sympatric Tillandsia species for evaluating urban metal pollution (Cd, Hg and Pb)

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez-Chardi, Alejandro

2016-04-01

The present study quantifies non essential heavy metals highly toxic for biological systems (Pb, Hg and Cd) in five autochthonous epiphytic plants from Tillandsia genus (T. recurvata, T. meridionalis, T. duratii, T. tricholepis, T. loliacea) according to different traffic levels (reference, low, medium and high polluted sites) in Asunción (Paraguay). The three metals increased in polluted sites following Pb (till 62.99 ppm in T. tricholepis) > Cd (till 1.35 ppm in T. recurvata) > Hg (till 0.36 ppm in T. recurvata) and Pb and Cd levels were directly related to traffic flow. Although the species showed similar bioaccumulation pattern (namely, higher levels of metals in polluted sites), enrichment factors (maximum EF values 37.00, 18.16, and 11.90 for Pb, Hg, and Cd, respectively) reported T. tricholepis as the most relevant bioindicator due to its wide distribution and abundance in study sites, low metal content in control site and high metal contents in polluted sites, and significant correlations with traffic density of Pb and Cd. This study emphasizes the necessity of biomonitoring air pollution in areas out of air monitoring control such as Asunción, where the high levels of metal pollution especially Pb, may represent an increment of risk for the human population inhabiting this urban area.

Selective removals of heavy metals (Pb(2+), Cu(2+), and Cd(2+)) from wastewater by gelation with alginate for effective metal recovery.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Fei; Lu, Xingwen; Li, Xiao-yan

2016-05-05

A novel method that uses the aqueous sodium alginate solution for direct gelation with metal ions is developed for effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from industrial wastewater. The experimental study was conducted on Pb(2+), Cu(2+), and Cd(2+) as the model heavy metals. The results show that gels can be formed rapidly between the metals and alginate in less than 10 min and the gelation rates fit well with the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The optimum dosing ratio of alginate to the metal ions was found to be between 2:1 and 3:1 for removing Pb(2+) and around 4:1 for removing Cu(2+) and Cd(2+) from wastewater, and the metal removal efficiency by gelation increased as the solution pH increased. Alginate exhibited a higher gelation affinity toward Pb(2+) than Cu(2+) and Cd(2+), which allowed a selective removal of Pb(2+) from the wastewater in the presence of Cu(2+) and Cd(2+) ions. Chemical analysis of the gels suggests that the gelation mainly occurred between the metal ions and the -COO(-) and -OH groups on alginate. By simple calcination of the metal-laden gels at 700 °C for 1 h, the heavy metals can be well recovered as valuable resources. The metals obtained after the thermal treatment are in the form of PbO, CuO, and CdO nanopowders with crystal sizes of around 150, 50, and 100 nm, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Metal pollution (Cd, Pb, Zn, and As) in agricultural soils and soybean, Glycine max, in southern China.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yunyun; Fang, Xiaolong; Mu, Yinghui; Cheng, Yanbo; Ma, Qibin; Nian, Hai; Yang, Cunyi

2014-04-01

Crops produced on metal-polluted agricultural soils may lead to chronic toxicity to humans via the food chain. To assess metal pollution in agricultural soils and soybean in southern China, 30 soybean grain samples and 17 soybean-field soil samples were collected from 17 sites in southern China, and metal concentrations of samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The integrated pollution index was used to evaluate if the samples were contaminated by Cd, Pb, Zn and As. Results showed that Cd concentration of 12 samples, Pb concentration of 2 samples, Zn concentration of 2 samples, and As concentrations of 2 samples were above the maximum permissible levels in soils. The integrated pollution index indicated that 11 of 17 soil samples were polluted by metals. Metal concentrations in soybean grain samples ranged from 0.11 to 0.91 mg kg(-1) for Cd; 0.34 to 2.83 mg kg(-1) for Pb; 42 to 88 mg kg(-1) for Zn; and 0.26 to 5.07 mg kg(-1) for As, which means all 30 soybean grain samples were polluted by Pb, Pb/Cd, Cd/Pb/As or Pb/As. Taken together, our study provides evidence that metal pollution is an important concern in agricultural soils and soybeans in southern China.

Associação entre espondiloartrose lombar e trabalho pesado

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Raimundo Antonio da Silva

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Estudar uma possível associação entre espondiloartrose lombar e trabalho pesado. METODOLOGIA: Estudo epidemiológico transversal realizado no período de outubro/04 a outubro/05, baseado em casos atendidos por um hospital público de São Luís, MA, Brasil. Trabalhadores (1256 encaminhados ao serviço de ortopedia foram submetidos à História Ocupacional, Exame Físico Ortopédico e Radiografia de Coluna Lombar e Lombossacra em AP/P e Oblíqüa. Critérios de inclusão e exclusão selecionaram 456 trabalhadores de ambos os gêneros, na faixa etária de 28 a 48 anos. Estes foram agrupados, conforme sua ocupação, em trabalho pesado e não pesado e submetidos aos critérios diagnósticos de espondiloartrose lombar. RESULTADOS: A associação entre trabalho pesado e espondiloartrose lombar foi realizada através do cálculo da razão de prevalências, cujo resultado mostrou-se elevado, evidenciando uma possível associação. A interferência de outras variáveis como possível viés de confundimento, tais como idade, gênero e peso corporal (IMC, foram controladas na fase de análise de dados através do teste de Mantel-Haenzel. O resultado final mostrou que não houve interferência dessas variáveis. CONCLUSÕES: ESTE estudo indicou uma possível associação entre exposição a trabalho pesado e espondiloartrose lombar.

Metais pesados em LATOSSOLO tratado com lodo de esgoto e em plantas de cana-de-açúcar Heavy metals in an Oxisol treated with sewage sludge and in sugarcane plants

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Fernando Carvalho Oliveira

2001-09-01

Full Text Available A presença de metais pesados no lodo de esgoto constitui um dos maiores entraves para sua aplicação em solos agrícolas. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos de aplicações sucessivas de lodo de esgoto sobre o acúmulo de metais pesados num LATOSSOLO AMARELO Distrófico e em plantas de cana-de-açúcar e a fitodisponibilidade desses elementos através de extratores químicos. O experimento foi conduzido nos anos agrícolas 1996/97 e 1997/98 sendo que, no primeiro ano, além dos tratamentos calagem + adubação mineral e testemunha, foram aplicadas em área total, doses equivalentes a 33, 66 e 99 mg ha-1 (base seca de lodo de esgoto. Em 1997/98 o lodo foi reaplicado em doses equivalentes a 37, 74 e 110 mg ha-1 (base seca. Foram detectados acúmulos de Cu, Cr, Ni e Zn na camada 0 0,2 m do solo. As concentrações de Cd, Cr, Ni e Pb nas amostras de plantas de cana-de-açúcar estiveram abaixo dos limites de determinação do método analítico empregado, porém, no caldo, a presença de Cd, Cr e Ni, esteve abaixo de 0,02 mg kg-1. Os teores de Cu e Zn nas várias partes da cana-de-açúcar não foram superiores aos limites normais de variação encontrados na literatura. As soluções extratoras apresentaram eficiência apenas na avaliação da fitodisponibilidade do Zn, determinado nas amostras de colmo e caldo, no ano agrícola 1997/98.The concern about the presence of heavy metals in plants growing in soils treated with sewage sludge can be a restricting factor for the use of this waste in agriculture. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the possibility of heavy metal accumulation in an acid soil after two successive sewage sludge applications and the availability, using chemical extractants for a typic hapludox, of these metals to sugarcane plants. The experiment was managed during two years, 1996/1997 and 1997/1998, and had 5 treatments in a randomized block design: lime + mineral fertilization

Metais pesados, densidade e atividade microbiana em solo contaminado por rejeitos de indústria de zinco

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H. E. Dias-Júnior

1998-12-01

Full Text Available As atividades relacionadas com mineração e indústria metalúrgica são responsáveis pela poluição de extensas áreas de solo em todo o mundo, sendo seus efeitos ainda pouco conhecidos nas condições brasileiras. No presente trabalho, os teores totais e solúveis em água de metais pesados, a densidade e a atividade microbiana foram avaliados em 1996, em sete locais de uma área de deposição de rejeitos da industrialização de zinco, em elevado estádio de degradação, e num local fora da área contaminada, considerado como referência, no estado de Minas Gerais. Todos os locais contaminados apresentaram elevados teores de metais pesados totais e solúveis em água, atingindo, respectivamente, os seguintes valores máximos, em mg kg-1: 11.969 e 726 de Zn; 109 e 18 de Cd; 1.016 e 0 de Pb e 887 e 8 de Cu. Todas as características biológicas avaliadas foram afetadas pelos elevados teores de metais com exceção do número de amonificadores. O C-biomassa apresentou redução acima de 80% em quatro locais contaminados em relação ao local fora da área contaminada. A respiração basal do solo foi maior no local contaminado coberto com Andropogon sp. e menor nos sítios sem vegetação. O número de actinomicetos e de fungos cultiváveis foi menos afetado pela contaminação que o número total de bactérias. Azospirillum spp. foram detectados apenas no local de referência. Oxidantes de amônio foram verificados em somente dois locais que continham vegetação, enquanto os oxidantes de nitrito foram detectados na maioria dos locais amostrados. Verificou-se a tendência de maior densidade e atividade microbiana nos locais contaminados e com algum tipo de vegetação. A concentração total e solúvel de Zn, de Cd e de Cu correlacionou-se fracamente com as características biológicas, exceto para o qCO2, o qual se mostrou promissor como indicador da contaminação com esses metais. Os dados indicaram uma interação qu

Influência do Aterro Municipal de Manaus sobre as águas superficiais da circunvizinhança: um enfoque ao estudo de metais pesados

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Dorian Lesca de Oliveira

2010-08-01

Full Text Available Este estudo analisou as concentrações de metais pesados (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn por espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama (FAAS e variáveis físico-químicas (pH, condutividade elétrica e temperatura in situ em amostras de águas superficiais da circunvizinhança do Aterro Municipal de Manaus e chorume. Amostras de água e chorume foram coletadas no período de estiagem e chuvoso com o objetivo de verificar a influência antrópica sobre o sistema hídrico composto pelos Igarapés: Matrinxã, Aracu, Acará, e Bolívia. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a duas análises estatísticas exploratórias: Análise de Componente Principal (PCA e Análise de Agrupamento Hierárquico (HCA. Os resultados indicaram concentrações de metais pesados distintos conforme a estação do ano e elemento. A PCA revelou correlações significativas entre: Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni e Pb assim como Zn e Co. A HCA e PCA mostraram que as características do sistema hídrico são semelhantes ao chorume na estiagem.

Batch adsorption of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Fe, Cr and Cd) from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

cinthia

This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of metals (Cu, Fe, Pb, Cr and Cd) removal from mixed metal ions solution using coconut husk as adsorbent. The effects of varying contact time, initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and pH on adsorption process of these metals were studied using synthetically ...

Silicato de cálcio como amenizante da toxidez de metais pesados em mudas de eucalipto Calcium silicate to reduce heavy metal toxicity in eucalyptus seedlings

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Adriana Maria de Aguiar Accioly

2009-02-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silicato de cálcio na redução da toxidez de metais pesados no solo para Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Foram utilizadas cinco doses de silicato de cálcio (0, 1,6, 3,2, 4,8 e 6,4 g kg-1, em solos com diferentes graus de contaminação. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos com 1,5 kg de solo, com uma muda por vaso, em esquema fatorial 4x5 (quatro graus de contaminação x cinco doses de silicato. O silicato de cálcio reduziu a toxidez de metais pesados em E.camaldulensis, retardou o aparecimento dos sintomas de toxidez e diminuiu os teores de zinco e cádmio na parte aérea das plantas. Entretanto, não evitou totalmente a depressão no crescimento, nos solos com contaminação elevada. O efeito amenizante do silicato foi crescente com o aumento das doses e mais evidente nos solos com contaminação elevada. O efeito benéfico do silicato de cálcio está relacionado à redução da transferência do zinco para a parte aérea do eucalipto.The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium silicate to reduce heavy metal toxicity in Eucalyptus camaldulensis seedlings. Five doses of calcium silicate (0, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8, and 6.4 g kg-1 were used in soils with increasing levels of contamination. The experiment was carried out in pots with 1.5 kg of soil, with one plant each, in a 4x5 factorial array (four levels of contamination x five silicate doses. Calcium silicate minimized heavy metal toxicity to E.camaldulensis, delayed the onset of toxicity symptoms, and decreased zinc and cadmium shoot concentrations. However, calcium silicate did not completely overcome the depressive effect upon plant growth in soils with high metal concentrations. Calcium silicate effects increased with increasing doses and were more evident in highly contaminated soils. The beneficial effects of calcium silicate on metal toxicity were highly related to the decrease in zinc translocation to the eucalyptus shoots.

Síntesis de zeolita LTA sobre soportes de corindón: Evaluación preliminar para la eliminación de metales pesados de efluentes acuosos

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Jacas, A.

2012-10-01

Full Text Available The effectiveness of materials based on LTA Zeolite as active phase, for their incorporation into systems aimed at the removal of heavy metals on waste water is evaluated in a preliminary way. This type of Zeolite with the main channel of a minimum free diameter of 0,41 nm and a low SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio is an interesting molecular sieve, which in turn display a high ion exchange capacity. From this point of view, LTA Zeolite crystals were obtained “in situ” by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by x ray diffraction (XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM. We have studied the effect of hydrothermal synthesis time at 378 K. Likewise, the removal capacity of heavy metal from the active phase was evaluated in as a first step on diluted solutions of cooper salts at slightly acidic pH (~ 4,7.

En este trabajo se evalúa de forma preliminar la efectividad del empleo de materiales basados en zeolita LTA, como fase activa para su incorporación en sistemas orientados a la eliminación de metales pesados presentes en aguas residuales. Este tipo de zeolitas con el canal principal de un diámetro mínimo libre de 0,41 nm y una baja relación SiO₂/Al₂O₃ se presenta como un tamiz molecular interesante, que a su vez manifiesta una gran capacidad de intercambio iónico. Partiendo de este punto de vista, cristales de zeolita LTA fueron obtenidos “in situ” por síntesis hidrotermal y caracterizados por difracción de rayos X (DRX, y microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB. Se ha estudiado el efecto del tiempo de tratamiento hidrotermal a 378 K. Asimismo, la capacidad de eliminación de metales pesados de la fase activa de los sistemas obtenidos fue evaluada en una primera etapa en soluciones diluidas de sales de cobre a pH ácido (~ 4,7.

Archaeological reconstruction of medieval lead production: Implications for ancient metal provenance studies and paleopollution tracing by Pb isotopes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Baron, Sandrine; Le-Carlier, Cecile; Carignan, Jean; Ploquin, Alain

2009-01-01

The identification of metal provenance is often based on chemical and Pb isotope analyses of materials from the operating chain, mainly ores and metallic artefacts. Such analyses, however, have their limits. Some studies are unable to trace metallic artefacts or ingots to their ore sources, even in well-constrained archaeological contexts. Possible reasons for this difficulty are to be found among a variety of limiting factors: (i) problems of ore signatures, (ii) mixing of different ores (alloys), (iii) the use of additives during the metallurgical process, (iv) metal recycling and (v) possible Pb isotopic fractionation during metal production. This paper focuses on the issue of Pb isotope fractionation during smelting to address the issue of metal provenance. Through an experimental reconstruction of argentiferous Pb production in the medieval period, an attempt was made to better understand and interpret the Pb isotopic composition of ore smelting products. It is shown that the measured differences (outside the total external uncertainties of 0.005 (2*sd) for 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratios) in Pb signatures measured between ores, slag and smoke are not due to Pb mass fractionation processes, but to (1) ore heterogeneity (Δ 206 Pb/ 204 Pb slag-ores = 0.066) and (2) the use of additives during the metallurgical process (Δ 206 Pb/ 204 Pb slag-ores = 0.083). Even if these differences are due to causes (1) and/or (2), smoke from the ore reduction appears to reflect the ore mining area without a significant disturbance of its Pb signature for all the isotopic ratios (Δ 206 Pb/ 204 Pb smokes-ores = 0.026). Thus, because the isotopic heterogeneity of the mining district and additives is averaged in slags, slag appears as the most relevant product to identify ancient metal provenance. Whereas aiming at identifying a given mine seems beyond the possibilities provided by the method, searching for the mining district through analysis of the smelting workshop materials should

Metodologías analíticas para la determinación de metales tóxicos en muestras de interés ambiental

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Contreras, Juan Carlos

2010-01-01

La determinación de metales pesados en muestras ambientales resulta de interés para la sociedad actual, debido al peligro potencial de intoxicación que estos representan. Dicha determinación, requiere de instrumentos costosos, que hacen que los controles no sean tan frecuentes, ni fáciles como debieran ser. En este trabajo, se presentan alternativas para determinar Cd, Hg y Pb usando técnicas más accesibles. El estudio exploró, en la primera parte, la voltamperometría de redisolución anódica ...

Retenção de metais pesados em micélio de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares Retention of heavy metals by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mycelium

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Lucélia Cabral

2010-01-01

Full Text Available This work evaluated the kinetics as well as the retention capacity of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF mycelium. The metal retention is a fast process with Cu being retained 3, 30, and 60 times faster than Zn, Cd, and Pb, respectively. Metal retention capacity varied amongst the different tested AMF species and decreased in the following order: Cu>Zn>>Cd>Pb. The Glomus clarum mycelium showed the highest retention capacity for Cu, Cd and Pb, whereas Zn was mostly retained by Gigaspora gigantea mycelium. The simultaneous application of all tested metals in solution decreased Cu and Zn retention by AMF mycelium. The high retention capacity of Cu and Zn by mycelium of G. clarum and G. gigantea suggests a promising use of these isolates in phytoremediation.

Contenido de metales pesados en pescados comercializados en Iquitos, Nauta y Requena

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Dora García de Sotero

2013-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en el músculo de los  pescados colectados en los mercados de las ciudades de Iquitos (Cuenca del Ríos Amazonas; Nauta (Cuenca del Río Marañón y Requena (Cuenca del Río Ucayali en el año 2011. Para la muestra de cada lugar se consideró cinco individuos por cada especie. La metodología empleada para la determinación de Hierro, Cobre, Plomo, Cadmio, Cromo y Cinc fue el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EEA, y para la determinación de Mercurio se efectuó por la EEA acoplado la Cámara de vapor frio.  De acuerdo a los resultados se observó que en todas las especies estudiadas de las Cuencas de los Ríos Amazonas y Marañón, tanto en creciente como en vaciante, superaron los límites máximos permisibles con respecto a la acumulación de plomo y cromo comparados con los Límites Máximos Permisibles reportados por las Normas Internacionales. Para las especies de la Cuenca del Río Ucayali, en creciente algunas especies (lisa, boquichico y paco pasaron el límite máximo permisible con respecto a la acumulación de cromo; pero en vaciante todas las especies pasaron ese límite. Con respecto al mercurio, ninguna de las especies en estudio, de las tres Cuencas pasaron el límite máximo permisible cuando fueron comparados con los valores reportados por las Normas Internacionales.

Contenido de metales pesados en pescados comercializados en Iquitos, Nauta y Requena

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Dora García de Sotero

2013-06-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de la concentración de metales pesados en el músculo de los pescados colectados en los mercados de las ciudades de Iquitos (Cuenca del Ríos Amazonas; Nauta (Cuenca del Río Marañón y Requena (Cuenca del Río Ucayali en el año 2011. Para la muestra de cada lugar se consideró cinco individuos por cada especie. La metodología empleada para la determinación de Hierro, Cobre, Plomo, Cadmio, Cromo y Cinc fue el método de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica (EEA, y para la determinación de Mercurio se efectuó por la EEA acoplado la Cámara de vapor frio.  De acuerdo a los resultados se observó que, en todas las especies estudiadas de las Cuencas de los Ríos Amazonas y Marañón, tanto en creciente como en vaciante, superaron los límites máximos permisibles con respecto a la acumulación de plomo y cromo comparados con los Límites Máximos Permisibles reportados por las Normas Internacionales. Para las especies de la Cuenca del Río Ucayali, en creciente algunas especies (lisa, boquichico y paco pasaron el límite máximo permisible con respecto a la acumulación de cromo; pero en vaciante todas las especies pasaron ese límite. Con respecto al mercurio, ninguna de las especies en estudio, de las tres Cuencas pasaron el límite máximo permisible cuando fueron comparados con los valores reportados por las Normas Internacionales.

Heavy metal pollution and Pb isotopic tracing in the intertidal surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay, southeast coast of China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu, Ruilian; Zhang, Weifang; Hu, Gongren; Lin, Chengqi; Yang, Qiuli

2016-01-01

Concentrations of 16 heavy metals and Pb isotopic ratios in the intertidal surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay were determined to study the pollution level of heavy metals and the sources of Pb. The results showed that most concentrations of Cd, Sn, Mn, Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Co, Cs, Fe and V were higher than the background values, while most concentrations of Ti, Sb and Sr were lower than the background values. The mean concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and Cd exceeded the first-grade criteria of Chinese marine sediment quality. The geo-accumulation indexes revealed that the sediments had been polluted by some heavy metals. The results of Pb isotopic tracing indicated that the total Pb in the sediments were mainly from parent material, industrial emission and vehicle exhaust with the mean contributions of 38.2%, 51.3% and 10.5%, respectively, calculated by a three-end-member model of Pb isotopic ratios. - Highlights: •Level of 16 heavy metals in intertidal surface sediments of Quanzhou Bay was studied. •The sediments had been polluted by some heavy metals including Pb. •Pb isotopic compositions in the sediments and the potential sources were determined. •A three-end member model was applied to estimate the contributions of Pb sources. •Industrial emission was the major anthropogenic Pb contributor in the sediments.

The Enrichment and Transfer of Heavy Metals for Two Ferns in Pb-Zn Tailing

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Mai Jiajie

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The enrichment and transfer of 8 heavy metals of Equisetum ramosissimum and Pteris vittata growing naturally close to edge of the sewage pool in Bencun Pb-Zn Tailing, Eastern Guangdong were investigated. The results indicated that the pollution of Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn was very severe in this tailing, followed by Cu and Mn. The potential ecological risk of heavy metals was assessed to be very strong based on soil background values of Guangdong Province and at high risk according to criteria of the second grade State Soil Environmental Quality Standard, and Cd, Hg, Pb were the main factors leading to potential ecological risk. The content of 8 heavy metals in the two ferns did not reach critical content of hyperaccumulator, so neither of them was typical hyperaccumulator, but both had a certain tolerance to these heavy metal pollution. Underground parts of Pteris vittata had an enrichment coefficient above 1 and that of Equisetum ramosissimum had a value near 1, therefore the two ferns could be utilized as potential enrichment plants. The two ferns have strong adaptability to the tailing habitat and can be used as pioneers in ecological restoration of Pb-Zn tailings.

Crescimento e teor de metais de mudas de espécies arbóreas cultivadas em solo contaminado com metais pesados Growth and metal concentration of seedlings of woody species in a heavy metal contaminated soil

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Teresa Cristina Lara Lanza de Sá e Melo Marques

2000-01-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o teor de metais pesados e o crescimento de mudas de 20 espécies arbóreas tropicais em solo com elevado grau de contaminação com metais pesados. Em casa de vegetação, as mudas foram transplantadas para vasos contendo 3,3 kg de misturas com diferentes proporções (0, 20, 40 e 60% v/v de solo contaminado. Verificou-se comportamento diferenciado das espécies quanto à inibição de crescimento e aos teores de metais na raiz e na parte aérea em decorrência da contaminação. Com base na produção de matéria seca da parte aérea, concluiu-se que apenas Myrsine umbellata, Cedrella fissilis, Tabebuia impetiginosa e Copaifera langsdorffii não foram afetadas pela contaminação, enquanto Hymenaea courbaril, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Acacia mangium e Platypodium gonoacantha sofreram pequeno impacto. As demais espécies foram muito inibidas pela contaminação do solo, o que é causado pela absorção, na maioria dos casos, de Zn e Cd. Várias espécies apresentaram elevada capacidade de reter esses metais nas raízes, evitando sua translocação para a parte aérea.The objective of the paper was to evaluate metal content and ability to grow in soil with excess of heavy metals of seedlings of 20 woody species. In the greenhouse, seedlings were transplanted to pots with 3.3 kg of soil-mixes with different proportions (0, 20, 40, 60% v/v of a heavy metal contaminated soil. It was found that plant species behaved differently in terms of growth inhibition and metal content in the shoots and roots. Based upon the dry matter yield, only Myrsine umbellata, Cedrella fissilis, Tabebuia impetiginosa and Copaifera langsdorffii were not affected by increasing contamination, whereas Hymenaea courbaril, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, Acacia mangium and Platypodium gonoacantha were only slightly affected by it. All the other species were highly inhibited by the excess of metals in the soil, being such effects related, in most

Fingerprinting Marcellus Shale waste products from Pb isotope and trace metal perspectives

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, Jason D.; Graney, Joseph R.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Dry drilled, uncontaminated cuttings from Marcellus Shale and surrounding units. • Unoxidized and oxidized samples leached short and long term with H 2 O or dilute HCl. • Pb isotope ratios have distinctly different values from Marcellus Shale samples. • Mo and other trace metals can be used as Marcellus Shale environmental tracers. • Marcellus Shale leachate concentrations can exceed EPA contaminant screening levels. - Abstract: Drill cuttings generated during unconventional natural gas extraction from the Marcellus Shale, Appalachian Basin, U.S.A., generally contain a very large component of organic-rich black shale because of extensive lateral drilling into this target unit. In this study, element concentrations and Pb isotope ratios obtained from leached drill cuttings spanning 600 m of stratigraphic section were used to assess the potential for short and long term environmental impacts from Marcellus Shale waste materials, in comparison with material from surrounding formations. Leachates of the units above, below and within the Marcellus Shale yielded Cl/Br ratios of 100–150, similar to produced water values. Leachates from oxidized and unoxidized drill cuttings from the Marcellus Shale contain distinct suites of elevated trace metal concentrations, including Cd, Cu, Mo, Ni, Sb, U, V and Zn. The most elevated Mo, Ni, Sb, U, and V concentrations are found in leachates from the lower portion of the Marcellus Shale, the section typically exploited for natural gas production. In addition, lower 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ratios within the lower Marcellus Shale (0.661–0.733) provide a distinctive fingerprint from formations above (0.822–0.846) and below (0.796–0.810), reflecting 206 Pb produced as a result of in situ 238 U decay within this organic rich black shale. Trace metal concentrations from the Marcellus Shale leachates are similar to total metal concentrations from other black shales. These metal concentrations can exceed screening

Behaviors of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soil amended with composts.

Science.gov (United States)

Gusiatin, Zygmunt Mariusz; Kulikowska, Dorota

2016-09-01

This study investigated how amendment with sewage sludge compost of different maturation times (3, 6, 12 months) affected metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) bioavailability, fractionation and redistribution in highly contaminated sandy clay soil. Metal transformations during long-term soil stabilization (35 months) were determined. In the contaminated soil, Cd, Ni and Zn were predominately in the exchangeable and reducible fractions, Pb in the reducible fraction and Cu in the reducible, exchangeable and oxidizable fractions. All composts decreased the bioavailability of Cd, Ni and Zn for up to 24 months, which indicates that cyclic amendment with compost is necessary. The bioavailability of Pb and Cu was not affected by compost amendment. Based on the reduced partition index (IR), metal stability in amended soil after 35 months of stabilization was in the following order: Cu > Ni = Pb > Zn > Cd. All composts were more effective in decreasing Cd, Ni and Zn bioavailability than in redistributing the metals, and increasing Cu redistribution more than that of Pb. Thus, sewage sludge compost of as little as 3 months maturation can be used for cyclic amendment of multi-metal-contaminated soil.

Metal and metalloid contamination in roadside soil and wild rats around a Pb-Zn mine in Kabwe, Zambia

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nakayama, Shouta M.M.; Ikenaka, Yoshinori; Hamada, Kyohei [Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818 (Japan); Muzandu, Kaampwe; Choongo, Kennedy [Department of Biomedical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka (Zambia); Teraoka, Hiroki; Mizuno, Naoharu [Department of Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501 (Japan); Ishizuka, Mayumi, E-mail: ishizum@vetmed.hokudai.ac.j [Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0818 (Japan)

2011-01-15

Metal (Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni) and metalloid (As) accumulation was studied in roadside soil and wild rat (Rattus sp.) samples from near a Pb-Zn mine (Kabwe, Zambia) and the capital city of Zambia (Lusaka). The concentrations of the seven metals and As in the soil samples and Pb in the rat tissue samples were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and As in Kabwe soil were much higher than benchmark values. Geographic Information System analysis indicated the source of metal pollution was mining and smelting activity. Interestingly, the area south of the mine was more highly contaminated even though the prevailing wind flow was westward. Wild rats from Kabwe had much higher tissue concentrations of Pb than those from Lusaka. Their body weight and renal Pb levels were negatively correlated, which suggests that mining activity might affect terrestrial animals in Kabwe. - The area around Kabwe, Zambia is highly polluted with metals and As. Wild rats from this area had high tissue concentrations of Pb and decreased body weight.

Majors soil classes of the metropolitan region of Curitiba (PR, Brazil: II - interaction of Pb with mineral and organic constituents

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Ana Christina Duarte Pires

2007-03-01

Full Text Available The interaction between heavy metals and soil constituents is one of the most important factors influencing the potential for ground water pollution. To study Pb behavior, samples of soils were incubated with a salt solution containing this metal. The experimental units consisted of plastic bags, partially opened with 0.1 dm³ of soil with three replications. After incubation, samples were subjected to sequential and selective extractions. Lead retention, measured by the maximum adsorption capacity of the soil, was relatively high with values ranging from 6,439 to 22,148 mg kg-1. The sequential and selective extractions showed that Pb adsorption was stable where the metal was found mainly in organic matter, Fe and Al oxides, and residual forms (specific adsorption. The capacity of the soils to retain Pb, thereby increasing the leaching potential of the metal, was in the sequence of: Histosol - Oxisol - Inceptisol.A interação entre os metais pesados e os constituintes orgânicos e minerais do solo é um dos fatores mais importantes para definir o potencial de contaminação das águas subterrâneas. Para estudar o comportamento do Pb em solos da região metropolitana de Curitiba, estado do Paraná, amostras das classes Organossolo, Latossolo e Cambissolo foram submetidas a análises físicas e químicas, e incubadas com soluções de sais desse metal. A dosagem utilizada correspondeu a 40% da Capacidade Máxima de Adsorção de Pb do solo (CMA. O ensaio foi conduzido na Universidade Federal do Paraná, em condições de casa de vegetação, no período de 29 de outubro a 29 de dezembro de 2003. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e as unidades experimentais corresponderam a sacos plásticos parcialmente abertos com 0,1 dm³ de solo. Após o período de incubação (60 dias, as amostras foram submetidas a extrações seqüenciais e seletivas, na seguinte ordem: 1 KCl 0,005 mol L-1; 2 BaCl2 0,1 mol L-1; 3 Na

Ecological effects of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr) pollution of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2008-06-17

Jun 17, 2008 ... Accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr) in water and plankton of Sarıyar Dam Lake (SDR) was seasonally ... human impacts in protected areas with the aim of .... (1999), heavy metals toxicity is affected by temperature,.

Caracterización molecular y criopreservación de hongos y bacterias asociados a la rizósfera de especies vegetales acumuladoras de metales pesados en suelos contaminados por minería

OpenAIRE

José Francisco Ochoa; Aminael Sánchez-Rodríguez

2017-01-01

Los microorganismos son un claro ejemplo de la enorme biodiversidad que contiene el suelo. Se procedió al aislamiento in vitro, caracterización molecular e identificación de microorganismos de suelo de rizósfera asociados a Miconia zamorensis y Erato polymnoides, considerados como acumuladores de metales pesados en la zona minera de Chinapintza - Zamora Chinchipe. Las cepas se identificaron mediante la secuenciación del gen 16S ARN ribosomal en bacterias, y se identificó la presencia de géner...

Estudio experimental de la movilidad de metales pesados en sedimentos de la cuenca del Jequetepeque, Perú

OpenAIRE

Isern Roselló, Regina; Martínez Planas, María del Mar

2011-01-01

Este proyecto tiene como objetivos determinar la concentración de metales en sedimentos procedentes de actividades mineras en la cuenca del río Jequetepeque así como su movilidad. Estos estudios son necesarios para el análisis de suelos contaminados ya que definen la capacidad tóxica de los sedimentos y, por tanto, su impacto en el medio ambiente. Para poder conocer el comportamiento de los metales estudiados (Zn, Cu, Al, Fe, Cd, Hg, Cr, Pb, As, Ni), se analizan los sedimentos de 5 zonas d...

Heavy metal and Pb isotopic compositions of aquatic organisms in the Pearl River Estuary, South China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ip, C.C.M.; Li, X.D.; Zhang, G.; Wong, C.S.C.; Zhang, W.L.

2005-01-01

The accumulation of trace metals in aquatic organisms may lead to serious health problems through the food chain. The present research project aims to study the accumulation and potential sources of trace metals in aquatic organisms of the Pearl River Estuary (PRE). Four groups of aquatic organisms, including fish, crab, shrimp, and shellfish, were collected in the PRE for trace metal and Pb isotopic analyses. The trace metal concentrations in the aquatic organism samples ranged from 0.01 to 2.10 mg/kg Cd, 0.02 to 4.33 mg/kg Co, 0.08 to 4.27 mg/kg Cr, 0.15 to 77.8 mg/kg Cu, 0.17 to 31.0 mg/kg Ni, 0.04 to 30.7 mg/kg Pb, and 8.78 to 86.3 mg/kg Zn (wet weight). High concentrations of Cd were found in crab, shrimp and shellfish samples, while high concentration of Pb was found in fish. In comparison with the baseline reference values in other parts of the world, fish in the PRE had the highest elevated trace metals. The results of Pb isotopic compositions indicated that the bioaccumulation of Pb in fish come from a wide variety of food sources and/or exposure pathways, particularly the anthropogenic inputs. - Relative high concentrations of Cd were found in crab, shrimp and shellfish samples while high concentration of Pb was found in fish, particularly from the anthropogenic inputs

Lead isotopes and trace metal ratios of aerosols as tracers of Pb pollution sources in Kanpur, India

Science.gov (United States)

Sen, Indra; Bizimis, Michael; Tripathi, Sachchida; Paul, Debajyoti; Tyagi, Swati; Sengupta, Deep

2015-04-01

The anthropogenic flux of Pb in the Earth's surface is almost an order of magnitude higher than its corresponding natural flux [1]. Identifying the sources and pathways of anthropogenic Pb in environment is important because Pb toxicity is known to have adverse effects on human health. Pb pollution sources for America, Europe, and China are well documented. However, sources of atmospheric Pb are unknown in India, particularly after leaded gasoline was phased out in 2000. India has a developing economy with a rapidly emerging automobile and high temperature industry, and anthropogenic Pb emission is expected to rise in the next decade. In this study, we report on the Pb- isotope compositions and trace metal ratios of airborne particulates collected in Kanpur, an industrial city in northern India. The Pb concentration in the airborne particulate matter varies between 14-216 ng/m3, while the other heavy metals vary by factor of 10 or less, e.g. Cd=0.3-3 ng/m3, As=0.4-3.5 ng/m3, Zn=36-161 ng/m3, and Cu=3-22 ng/m3. The 206Pb/207Pb, 208Pb/206Pb, and 208Pb/207Pb vary between 1.112 - 1.129, 2.123-2.141, and 2.409-2.424 respectively, and are highly correlated with each other (R2>0.9). Pb isotopes and trace metal data reveals that coal combustion is the major source of anthropogenic Pb in the atmosphere, with limited contribution from mining and smelting processes. We further conclude that combination of Pb isotope ratios and V/Pb ratios are powerful tracers for Pb source apportionment studies, which is otherwise difficult to differentiate based only on Pb systematics [1] Sen and Peucker-Ehrenbrink (2012), Environ. Sci. Technol.(46), 8601-8609

Caracterización molecular y criopreservación de hongos y bacterias asociados a la rizósfera de especies vegetales acumuladoras de metales pesados en suelos contaminados por minería

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José Francisco Ochoa

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Los microorganismos son un claro ejemplo de la enorme biodiversidad que contiene el suelo. Se procedió al aislamiento in vitro, caracterización molecular e identificación de microorganismos de suelo de rizósfera asociados a Miconia zamorensis y Erato polymnoides, considerados como acumuladores de metales pesados en la zona minera de Chinapintza - Zamora Chinchipe. Las cepas se identificaron mediante la secuenciación del gen 16S ARN ribosomal en bacterias, y se identificó la presencia de géneros como Bacillus, Lysinibacillus y Serratia. En hongos se utilizó la secuencia del gen ITS ARN ribosomal y se identificaron los géneros Aspergillus, Talaromyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Nodulisporium, Fusarium, Rhizopus, Mucor, Umbelopsis e Hypochnicium. Tales géneros forman parte del suelo y se consideran como tolerantes a ecosistemas con elevada contaminación de metales pesados. Nuestros resultados serán el punto de partida de información sobre la potencialidad que brindan estos microorganismos para desarrollar estrategias de biorremediación en la zona de estudio. Debido a la gran demanda de elaborar colecciones de microorganismos con fines de biorremediación, se planteó la criopreservacion de los cultivos puros bacterianos y fúngicos. Se obtuvo una viabilidad efectiva en la reactivación de los cultivos bacterianos, mientras que en hongos la mayoría de cultivos fueron reactivados con éxito.

Metallic elements and isotope of Pb in wet precipitation in urban area, South America

Science.gov (United States)

Migliavacca, Daniela Montanari; Teixeira, Elba Calesso; Gervasoni, Fernanda; Conceição, Rommulo Vieira; Raya Rodriguez, Maria Teresa

2012-04-01

The atmosphere of urban areas has been the subject of many studies to show the atmospheric pollution in large urban centers. By quantifying wet precipitation through the analysis of metallic elements (ICP/AES) and Pb isotopes, the wet precipitation of the Metropolitan Area of the Porto Alegre (MAPA), Brazil, was characterized. The samples were collected between July 2005 and December 2007. Zn, Fe and Mn showed the highest concentration in studied sites. Sapucaia do Sul showed the highest average for Zn, due to influence by the steel plant located near the sampling site. The contribution of anthropogenic emissions from vehicular activity and steel plants in wet precipitation and suspended particulate matter in the MAPA was identified by the isotopic signatures of 208Pb/207Pb and 206Pb/207Pb. Moreover the analyses of the metallic elements allowed also to identify the contribution of other anthropic sources, such as steel plants and oil refinery.

Valores de referência de qualidade para metais pesados em solos no Estado do Espírito Santo

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Henrique de Sá Paye

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Valores de referência de qualidade (VRQ para metais pesados em solos, em âmbito mundial, são bastante heterogêneos. No Brasil, poucos estudos para estabelecer esses valores foram concluídos. Na ausência de VRQ para metais pesados em solos, estabelecidos para as condições do Estado do Espírito Santo, utilizam-se valores genéricos internacionais ou desenvolvidos para outros Estados. Entretanto, deve-se ressaltar que o uso desses valores pode levar a avaliações inadequadas, já que existem diferenças nas condições técnicas e variáveis ambientais de cada região, em especial das condições geológicas, hídricas e pedológicas. Essas diferenças justificam o desenvolvimento de uma tabela própria com VRQ para metais pesados em solos, adequada às condições do Estado do Espírito Santo. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo buscou obter os teores naturais de 10 metais pesados e verificar a distribuição desses elementos nos solos das bacias hidrográficas Riacho, Reis Magos e Santa Maria da Vitória, no Estado do Espírito Santo, tendo em vista o estabelecimento de Valores de Referência de Qualidade (VRQ. Para isso, foram determinados os teores totais por ataque ácido, com digestão em forno micro-ondas, conforme o método SW-846 3052 da Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA e dosagem por espectrofotometria de emissão óptica com plasma induzido (ICP- OES. Os teores totais extraídos nos solos dessas bacias hidrográficas são relativamente baixos e inferiores aos reportados para solos de regiões brasileiras e de outros países. Os teores de cádmio ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção (LD do método para todas as amostras. Em consequência, os VRQ obtidos para 12 metais pesados no Estado do Espírito Santo foram semelhantes ou inferiores aos obtidos para outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo. Os VRQ obtidos a partir do percentil 75 (quartil superior para As (< 12,83, Cd (< 0,13, Co (10,21, Cr (54,13, Cu (5,91, Mn (137,80, Mo (1

Pb, Cu, and Zn distributions at humic acid-coated metal-oxide surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Yingge; Michel, F. Marc; Choi, Yongseong; Eng, Peter J.; Levard, Clement; Siebner, Hagar; Gu, Baohua; Bargar, John R.; Brown, Gordon E.

2016-09-01

Mineral surfaces are often coated by natural organic matter (NOM), which has a major influence on metal-ion sorption and sequestration because of the abundance of binding sites in such coatings and the changes they cause in local nanoscale environments. The effects of NOM coatings on mineral surfaces are, however, still poorly understood at the molecular level due to the complexity of these systems. In this study, we have applied long-period X-ray standing wave-fluorescence yield (LP-XSW-FY) spectroscopy to measure the partitioning of naturally present Cu(II) (0.0226%), Zn(II) (0.009%), and Pb(II) (∼0.0004%) between Elliott Soil Humic Acid (ESHA) coatings and three model single-crystal metal-oxide substrates: α-Al2O3 (0 0 0 1), α-Al2O3 (1 -1 0 2), and α-Fe2O3 (0 0 0 1). The competitive sorption effects among these metal ions for binding sites in the ESHA coatings and on the metal-oxide surfaces were investigated as a function of reaction time, calcium content, and solution pH. Pb(II) ions present in the ESHA coatings were found to redistribute to reactive α-Al2O3 (1 -1 0 2) and α-Fe2O3 (0 0 0 1) surfaces after 3 h of reaction (pH = 6.0, [Ca(II)] = 2 mM). Pb(II) partitioning onto these reactive metal-oxide surfaces increased with increasing reaction time (up to 7 d). In addition, the partitioning of Cu(II) and Zn(II) from the ESHA coating to the α-Fe2O3 (0 0 0 1) substrate increased slightly with reaction time (2.4% and 3.7% for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively, after 3 h and 6.4% and 7.7% for Cu(II) and Zn(II), respectively, after 72 h of reaction time). However, no changes in the partitioning of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto the α-Al2O3 (1 -1 0 2) surface were observed with increasing reaction time, suggesting that these ions strongly complex with functional groups in the ESHA coatings. Similar results were obtained for Cu(II) and Zn(II) on the ESHA-coated α-Al2O3 (1 -1 0 2) surfaces in samples without the addition of calcium. However, the amounts of Pb

Competitive immobilization of Pb in an aqueous ternary-metals system by soluble phosphates with varying pH.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Zhuo; Ren, Jie; Wang, Mei; Song, Xinlai; Zhang, Chao; Chen, Jiayu; Li, Fasheng; Guo, Guanlin

2016-09-01

Chemical immobilization by phosphates has been widely and successfully applied to treat Pb in wastewater and contaminated soils. Pb in wastewaters and soils, however, always coexists with other heavy metals and their competitive reactions with phosphates have not been quantitatively and systematically studied. In this approach, immobilization of Pb, Zn, and Cd by mono-, di-, and tripotassium phosphate (KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and K3PO4) was observed in the single- and ternary-metals solutions. The immobilization rates of the three metals were determined by the residual concentration. The mineral composition and structure of the precipitates were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that competitive reaction occurred in Pb-Zn-Cd ternary system, with immobilization rates decrease of system. The reaction of Pb with three phosphates exhibited intense competitiveness and the phosphates had a stronger affinity for Pb when Cl(-) was added. Pb-phosphate minerals formed by KH2PO4 with the better crystalline characteristics and largest size were very stable with a low dissolution rate (system. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Avaliação dos níveis de metais pesados em efluente líquido percolado do aterro sanitário de Paranavaí, Estado do Paraná, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v31i1.1154 Assessment of heavy metal levels in percolated liquid from sanitary landfill in Paranavaí, Paraná State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v31i1.1154

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Cynthia Algayer da Silva

2009-05-01

Full Text Available O percolado pode conter diversas substâncias químicas com características tóxicas, dentre elas os metais pesados oriundos de vários materiais provenientes de indústrias, atividades agrícolas, laboratórios, hospitais, residências. A contaminação por metais apresenta amplo espectro de toxicidade que inclui efeitos neurotóxicos, hepatóxicos, nefrotóxicos, teratogênicos, carcinogênicos ou mutagênicos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a avaliação dos níveis de Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn do percolado gerado no aterro sanitário de Paranavaí - PR. As amostras foram coletadas a partir de setembro de 2006 a julho de 2007, em quatro pontos distintos nas lagoas de tratamento. Para detecção dos metais utilizou-se o espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica com chama. Os resultados foram comparados com os limites máximos de concentração de metais em efluentes líquidos estabelecidos pela Resolução 397/2008 - Conama (BRASIL, 2008. Verificou-se que os níveis dos metais analisados, com exceção do Pb, estão dentro dos limites permissíveis pela legislação ambiental.Percolated liquid may contain several chemical substances with toxic characteristics, among them heavy metals from industrial sources, agricultural activities, laboratories, hospitals and residences. Metal contamination presents a wide array of toxicities, such as neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic or mutagenic effects. The objective of this work was to assess the levels of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in percolated liquid produced at the sanitary landfill in Paranavaí. The samples were collected from September of 2006 to July of 2007, at four distinct places of the treatment lake. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a burner was used to detect the metals. The results were compared with the maximum allowed values for metal concentration present in Resolution 397/2008 – Conama (BRAZIL, 2008. It was verified that the level of

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments from Abakaliki Pb ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

PROF HORSFALL

Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Stream Sediments from Abakaliki Pb – Zn Ore Mining. Areas of Ebonyi ... produced both for local consumption and also for food supplies to other .... of deionised water using a pH-meter (Aqualytica. Model pH 17).

Evaluación de la presencia de metales en residuales líquidos y su efecto potencial para una comunidad

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C. R. López-Ceballos

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Según la metodología propuesta por el grupo FITOPLANT de la Universidad Agraria de la Habana, se evaluó en la empresa Cerámica Blanca "Adalberto Vidal" -perteneciente al Municipio San José de las Lajas, Provincia La Habana, Cuba- el contenido de metales pesados en residuales líquidos en el sistema de trampas y en el canal de desagüe, así como su impacto en la zona circundante, en el periodo 2006-2008. Las muestras de residuales líquidos se tomaron en diferentes puntos de la trayectoria, ampliándose su representatividad durante los tres años de estudio. Se analizaron los metales pesados: Cu, Co, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, Mn, así como otros metales: Mg, Na, Ca, y K, mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica. Se determinó que existían elevadas concentraciones de los mismos (por encima de los límites permisibles en el periodo de estudio, resultando ser tóxicos para el medio ambiente. Las trampas de dicha empresa no ejercen la función para la cual han sido diseñadas y afectan gravemente el área colindante. Al encuestarse a los actores sociales involucrados (pobladores, trabajadores y Consejo de Dirección de la empresa, reconocieron las innumerables afectaciones en cultivos, animales y otros componentes del ecosistema, producido por el vertimiento indiscriminadode los referidos desechos industriales. Se ha producido un fuerte impacto comunitario sobre la población circundante a la planta industrial que puede llegar a afectar su seguridad alimentaria. Se recomendó analizar de manera profunda el residual líquido de dicha empresa y establecer un adecuado programa de educación ambiental, abordando el tema de la contaminación por metales pesados y la forma de recuperar áreas dañadas.

Influence of hydrology on heavy metal speciation and mobility in a Pb-Zn mine tailing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kovacs, Elza; Dubbin, William E.; Tamas, Janos

2006-01-01

Among the inorganic toxicants of greatest concern in mine tailings, Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and As figure prominently due to their abundance and potential toxicity. Here we report on their biolability and solid-phase speciation in two sediment cores subject to variable hydrological regimes at an abandoned pyritic mine tailing. The oxic conditions of well-drained sediments induced pyrite oxidation and the subsequent liberation of H + , SO 4 2- and considerable quantities of Fe(III), which precipitated as goethite. Solubility of Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd was closely coupled to pH and goethite presence. Metal lability was particularly low in zones of neutralization, formed by the accumulation of calcite, first carried then deposited by percolating waters in both saturated and unsaturated cores. We conclude that differential hydrology induces variable heavy metal speciation and biolability in Pb-Zn mine tailings, and suggest that site-specific risk assessments must account for past and present hydrological regimes. - Variable hydrology influences heavy metal speciation and mobility, and the formation of neutralization zones, in a Pb-Zn mine tailing

Pb isotope evidence for contaminant-metal dispersal in an international river system: The lower Danube catchment, Eastern Europe

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bird, Graham; Brewer, Paul A.; Macklin, Mark G.; Nikolova, Mariyana; Kotsev, Tsvetan; Mollov, Mihail; Swain, Catherine

2010-01-01

Lead isotope signatures ( 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, 208 Pb/ 206 Pb, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, 206 Pb/ 204 Pb), determined by magnetic sector ICP-MS in river channel sediment, metal ores and mine waste, have been used as geochemical tracers to quantify the delivery and dispersal of sediment-associated metals in the lower Danube River catchment. Due to a diverse geology and range of ore-body ages, Pb isotope signatures in ore-bodies within the lower Danube River catchment show considerable variation, even within individual metallogenic zones. It is also possible to discriminate between the Pb isotopic signatures in mine waste and river sediment within river systems draining individual ore bodies. Lead isotopic data, along with multi-element data; were used to establish the provenance of river sediments and quantify sedimentary contributions to mining-affected tributaries and to the Danube River. Data indicate that mining-affected tributaries in Serbia and Bulgaria contribute up to 30% of the river channel sediment load of the lower Danube River. Quantifying relative sediment contributions from mining-affected tributaries enables spatial patterns in sediment-associated metal and As concentrations to be interpreted in terms of key contaminant sources. Combining geochemical survey data with that regarding the provenance of contaminated sediments can therefore be used to identify foci for remediation and environmental management strategies.

Metais pesados no solo e mamoneira adubada com biossólido e silicato de cálcio e magnésio

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Altina L. Nascimento

2015-05-01

Full Text Available O biossólido é excelente fonte de nutrientes de plantas; entretanto, pode contaminar o solo. O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência da adubação com composto de lodo de esgoto e silicato de cálcio e magnésio, nos teores de metais pesados no solo e em plantas de mamona. O experimento foi conduzido no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias da UFMG em Montes Claros, MG, no período de junho a dezembro de 2010. O cultivo foi realizado em área de Cambissolo Háplico utilizando-se a mamona (Ricinus communis L. variedade BRS Energia. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, com 3 repetições, sendo 2 doses de silicato de cálcio e magnésio (0 e 1 t ha-1 e 4 doses de composto de lodo de esgoto (0; 23,81; 47,62 e 71,43 t ha-1, em base seca. Não houve interação entre as doses de silicato de cálcio e composto de lodo de esgoto, bem como o silicato de cálcio e magnésio não influenciou os teores de metais pesados no solo e na planta. No solo os teores de Zn e Cu aumentaram com o incremento das doses de composto de lodo de esgoto sendo que Ni, Pb, Cd e Cr não foram influenciados pela aplicação deste resíduo. Na planta com aumento das doses de composto de lodo de esgoto houve aumento apenas nos teores de Cd e Pb.

Heavy metals and health risk assessment of arable soils and food crops around Pb-Zn mining localities in Enyigba, southeastern Nigeria

Science.gov (United States)

Obiora, Smart C.; Chukwu, Anthony; Davies, Theophilus C.

2016-04-01

This study determined the heavy metals concentration in arable soils and associated food crops around the Pb-Zn mines in Enyigba, Nigeria, and metal transfer factors were calculated. Air-dried samples of the soils and food crops were analyzed for 8 known nutritional and toxic heavy metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) method. Eighty seven percent of all the 20 sampled soils contain Pb in excess of the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) set by Canadian Environmental Quality Guideline (CCME) and European Union (EU) Standard, while Zn in thirty-one percent of the samples exceeded the CCME for MAC of 200 mg/kg. All the food crops, with the exception of yam tuber, contain Pb which exceeded the 0.43 mg/kg and 0.3 mg/kg MAC standards of EU and WHO/FAO respectively, with the leafy vegetables accumulating more Pb than the tubers. The metal transfer factors in the tubers and the leafy vegetables were in the order: Mo > Cu > Zn > Mn > As > Cd > Cr > Ni > Pb and Cd > Cu > Zn > Mn > Mo > As > Ni > Pb > Cr, respectively. Risk assessment studies revealed no health risk in surrounding populations for most of the heavy metals. However, Pb had a high health risk index (HRI) of 1.1 and 1.3, in adults and children, respectively for cassava tuber; Pb had HRI > 1 in lemon grass while Mn also had HRI > 1 in all the leafy vegetables for both adult and children. This high level of HRI for Pb and Mn is an indication that consumers of the food crops contaminated by these metals are at risk of health problems such as Alzheimers' disease and Manganism, associated with excessive intake of these metals. Further systematic monitoring of heavy metal fluxes in cultivable soils around the area of these mines is recommended.

FITORREMEDIACIÓN DE SUELOS CONTAMINADOS CON PLOMO UTILIZANDO AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS – AMARANTHACEAE EN CUSCO DEL 2012

OpenAIRE

PAIVA PRADO, GRETA MARGOT

2016-01-01

TOXICIDAD DEL PLOMO CONTAMINACIÓN DE SUELOS ACUMULACION DE METALES PESADOS EN EL SUELO REACCIONES DEL SUELO ANTE LA CONTAMINACIÓN EL SUELO COMO REGULADOR DE LA DISPONIBILIDAD DE LOS METALES PESADOS METALES PESADOS CONTAMINACIÓN POR METALES PESADOS METALES PESADOS EN EL AMBIENTE BIODISPONIBILIDAD DE LOS METALES PESADOS TIPOS DE PLOMO USOS DEL PLOMO METALES PESADOS EN LA SALUD PLOMO EN SUELOS Y PLANTAS PLOMO EN EL MEDIO AMBIENTE

Lead (Pb) and other metals in New York City community garden soils: Factors influencing contaminant distributions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitchell, Rebecca G.; Spliethoff, Henry M.; Ribaudo, Lisa N.; Lopp, Donna M.; Shayler, Hannah A.; Marquez-Bravo, Lydia G.; Lambert, Veronique T.; Ferenz, Gretchen S.; Russell-Anelli, Jonathan M.; Stone, Edie B.; McBride, Murray B.

2014-01-01

Urban gardens provide affordable fresh produce to communities with limited access to healthy food but may also increase exposure to lead (Pb) and other soil contaminants. Metals analysis of 564 soil samples from 54 New York City (NYC) community gardens found at least one sample exceeding health-based guidance values in 70% of gardens. However, most samples (78%) did not exceed guidance values, and medians were generally below those reported in NYC soil and other urban gardening studies. Barium (Ba) and Pb most frequently exceeded guidance values and along with cadmium (Cd) were strongly correlated with zinc (Zn), a commonly measured nutrient. Principal component analysis suggested that contaminants varied independently from organic matter and geogenic metals. Contaminants were associated with visible debris and a lack of raised beds; management practices (e.g., importing uncontaminated soil) have likely reduced metals concentrations. Continued exposure reduction efforts would benefit communities already burdened by environmental exposures. - Highlights: • We measured metals concentrations in soil from 54 New York City community gardens. • Pb and Ba exceeded health-based guidance values in 9%–12% of garden beds. • Pb concentrations were similar to those in other studies of urban garden soils. • Pb and Ba were associated with Zn, with visible debris, and with non-raised beds. • Observable details can help gardeners focus testing and exposure reduction efforts. - Pb and Ba, which exceeded health-based guidance values in 10–14% of NYC community garden soil samples, are associated with non-raised beds, visible debris, higher pH and Zn

Assessment Of Heavy Metal Contamination Of Water Sources From Enyigba Pb-Zn District South Eastern Nigeria

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Nnabo Paulinus N

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract A total of thirty 30 water samples were collected from the Enyigba PbZn mining district to assess the contamination of the water sources as a result of mining of lead and zinc minerals in the area. This comprises of 12 samples of surface water 14 from mine ponds and 4 from underground borehole water. The samples were acidified to stabilize the metals for periods more than four days without the use of refrigeration. The acidified water samples were analysed by a commercial laboratory at Projects Development Institute PRODA Enugu using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS. The elements determined by this method are lead Pb zinc Zn copper Cu arsenic As cadmium Cd nickel Ni manganese Mn and cobalt Co. The result and analysis of contamination factor showed that in surface water Cd had the highest concentration followed by As and Pb while Ni had the lowest. In mine ponds Cd also had the highest concentration and followed by Pb and As and Ni the lowest. In borehole water Cd has the highest concentration followed by Pb and As while Ni had the lowest concentration. Compared to WHO permissible limits the contamination of the heavy metals in all water sources are in order CdAsPbNiZnCu. In surface water the order is CdAsPbNiZnCu in mine ponds it is CdPbAsNiZnCu and in borehole water the order is CdAsPbZnNiCu. The calculated contamination factors show very high contamination status for Cd Pb and As. These levels of contamination and values indicate that under the prevailing conditions and environmental regulations in Nigeria the mining district would face major and hazardous discharges of these metals to the water sources.

The solubility of metals in Pb-17Li liquid alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Borgstedt, H.U.; Feuerstein, H.

1992-01-01

The solubility data of iron in the eutectic alloy Pb-17Li which were evaluated from corrosion tests in a turbulent flow of the molten alloy are discussed in the frame of solubilities of the transition metals in liquid lead. It is shown that the solubility of iron in the alloy is close to that in lead. This is also the fact for several other alloying elements of steels. A comparison of all known data shows that they are in agreement with generally shown trends for the solubility of the transition metals in low melting metals. These trends indicate comparably high solubilities of nickel and manganese in the liquid metals, lower saturation concentration of vanadium, chromium, iron, and cobalt, and extremely low solubility of molybdenum. (orig.)

Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) partitioning and bioaccessibility in uncontaminated and long-term contaminated soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lamb, Dane T.; Ming Hui; Megharaj, Mallavarapu; Naidu, Ravi

2009-01-01

We investigated the pore-water content and speciation of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in a range of uncontaminated and long-term contaminated soils in order to establish their potential bioaccessibility to soil biota, plants and humans. Among the samples, soil pH (0.01 M CaCl 2 ) ranged from 4.9 to 8.2. The total metal content of the uncontaminated soils ranged from 3.8 to 93.8 mg Cu kg -1 , 10.3 to 95 mg kg -1 Zn, 0.1 to 1.8 mg Cd kg -1 and 5.2 to 183 mg kg -1 Pb, while metal content in the contaminated soils ranged from 104 to 6841 mg Cu kg -1 , 312 to 39,000 mg kg -1 Zn, 6 to 302 mg Cd kg -1 and 609 to 12,000 mg kg -1 Pb. Our analysis of pore-water found the Cu concentrations to be much higher in contaminated soils than in uncontaminated soils, with the distribution coefficients (K d ) correlating significantly with the log of dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Despite the high total metal content of the contaminated soil, Zn, Cd and Pb were not generally found at elevated levels in the pore-water with the exception of a single contaminated soil. A long period of ageing and soil weathering may have led to a substantial reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the pore-water of contaminated soils. On the other hand, Pb bioaccessibility was found to be comparatively high in Pb contaminated soils, where it tended to exceed the total Pb values by more than 80%. We conclude that, despite the extensive ageing of some contaminated soils, the bioaccessibility of Pb remains relatively high.

Heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) partitioning and bioaccessibility in uncontaminated and long-term contaminated soils

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lamb, Dane T.; Ming Hui; Megharaj, Mallavarapu [Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095 (Australia); Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106 (Australia); Naidu, Ravi, E-mail: ravi.naidu@crccare.com [Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Building X, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095 (Australia); Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), P.O. Box 486, Salisbury, SA 5106 (Australia)

2009-11-15

We investigated the pore-water content and speciation of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in a range of uncontaminated and long-term contaminated soils in order to establish their potential bioaccessibility to soil biota, plants and humans. Among the samples, soil pH (0.01 M CaCl{sub 2}) ranged from 4.9 to 8.2. The total metal content of the uncontaminated soils ranged from 3.8 to 93.8 mg Cu kg{sup -1}, 10.3 to 95 mg kg{sup -1} Zn, 0.1 to 1.8 mg Cd kg{sup -1} and 5.2 to 183 mg kg{sup -1} Pb, while metal content in the contaminated soils ranged from 104 to 6841 mg Cu kg{sup -1}, 312 to 39,000 mg kg{sup -1} Zn, 6 to 302 mg Cd kg{sup -1} and 609 to 12,000 mg kg{sup -1} Pb. Our analysis of pore-water found the Cu concentrations to be much higher in contaminated soils than in uncontaminated soils, with the distribution coefficients (K{sub d}) correlating significantly with the log of dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Despite the high total metal content of the contaminated soil, Zn, Cd and Pb were not generally found at elevated levels in the pore-water with the exception of a single contaminated soil. A long period of ageing and soil weathering may have led to a substantial reduction in heavy metal concentrations in the pore-water of contaminated soils. On the other hand, Pb bioaccessibility was found to be comparatively high in Pb contaminated soils, where it tended to exceed the total Pb values by more than 80%. We conclude that, despite the extensive ageing of some contaminated soils, the bioaccessibility of Pb remains relatively high.

Metal speciation in agricultural soils adjacent to the Irankuh Pb-Zn mining area, central Iran

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Mokhtari, Ahmad Reza; Roshani Rodsari, Parisa; Cohen, David R.; Emami, Adel; Dehghanzadeh Bafghi, Ali Akbar; Khodaian Ghegeni, Ziba

2015-01-01

Mining activities are a significant potential source of metal contamination of soils in surrounding areas, with particular concern for metals dispersed into agricultural area in forms that are bioavailable and which may affect human health. Soils in agricultural land adjacent to Pb-Zn mining operations in the southern part of the Irankuh Mountains contain elevated concentrations for a range of metals associated with the mineralization (including Pb, Zn and As). Total and partial geochemical extraction data from a suite of 137 soil samples is used to establish mineralogical controls on ore-related trace elements and help differentiate spatial patterns that can be related to the effects of mining on the agricultural land soils from general geological and environmental controls. Whereas the patterns for Pb, Zn and As are spatially related to the mining operations they display little correlation with the distribution of secondary Fe + Mn oxyhydroxides or carbonates, suggesting dispersion as dust and in forms with limited bioavailability.

A Review on Heavy Metals (As, Pb, and Hg Uptake by Plants through Phytoremediation

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Bieby Voijant Tangahu

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Heavy metals are among the most important sorts of contaminant in the environment. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. Currently, phytoremediation is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from contaminated soil and water. This technology is environmental friendly and potentially cost effective. This paper aims to compile some information about heavy metals of arsenic, lead, and mercury (As, Pb, and Hg sources, effects and their treatment. It also reviews deeply about phytoremediation technology, including the heavy metal uptake mechanisms and several research studies associated about the topics. Additionally, it describes several sources and the effects of As, Pb, and Hg on the environment, the advantages of this kind of technology for reducing them, and also heavy metal uptake mechanisms in phytoremediation technology as well as the factors affecting the uptake mechanisms. Some recommended plants which are commonly used in phytoremediation and their capability to reduce the contaminant are also reported.

Tolerance and hyperaccumulation of a mixture of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn) by four aquatic macrophytes.

Science.gov (United States)

Romero-Hernández, Jorge Alberto; Amaya-Chávez, Araceli; Balderas-Hernández, Patricia; Roa-Morales, Gabriela; González-Rivas, Nelly; Balderas-Plata, Miguel Ángel

2017-03-04

In the present investigation, four macrophytes, namely Typha latifolia (L.), Lemna minor (L.), Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laubach, and Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc, were evaluated for their heavy metal (Cu, Pb, Hg, and Zn) hyperaccumulation potential under laboratory conditions. Tolerance analyses were performed for 7 days of exposure at five different treatments of the metals mixture (Cu +2 , Hg +2 , Pb +2 , and Zn +2 ). The production of chlorophyll and carotenoids was determined at the end of each treatment. L. minor revealed to be sensitive, because it did not survive in all the tested concentrations after 72 hours of exposure. E. crassipes and M. aquaticum displayed the highest tolerance to the metals mixture. For the most tolerant species of aquatic macrophytes, The removal kinetics of E. crassipes and M. aquaticum was carried out, using the following mixture of metals: Cu (0.5 mg/L) and Hg, Pb, and Zn 0.25 mg/L. The obtained results revealed that E. crassipes can remove 99.80% of Cu, 97.88% of Pb, 99.53% of Hg, and 94.37% of Zn. M. aquaticum withdraws 95.2% of Cu, 94.28% of Pb, 99.19% of Hg, and 91.91% of Zn. The obtained results suggest that these two species of macrophytes could be used for the phytoremediation of this mixture of heavy metals from the polluted water bodies.

Soil-plant abstract of heavy metals in Pb-Zn mining sites from Alcudia Valley (South Spain)

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López-Berdonces, Miguel; Higueras, Pablo; Esbrí, Jose Maria; González-Corrochano, Beatríz; García-Noguero, Eva Mª; Martínez-Coronado, Alba; Fernandez-Calderón, Sergio; García-Noguero, Carolina

2013-04-01

Soil-plant transfer of heavy metals in Pb-Zn mining sites from Alcudia Valley (South Spain). Authors: Miguel A. López-Berdonces¹; Pablo Higueras¹; Jose María Esbrí¹; Beatriz González-Corrochano¹; Eva Mª García- Noguero¹; Alba Martínez Coronado¹; Sergio Fernández-Calderón¹; Carolina García-Noguero¹ ¹Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad Castilla la Mancha, Pza. Manuel Meca, 1. 13400 Almadén, Spain. Alcudia Valley is a vast territory recently declared Natural Park, located in South of Spain. It is an area rich in mineral deposits of Zn and Pb and mining exists since the first millennium BC., having its highest ore production between mid-nineteenth century and the middle of the twentieth. This area has been selected because has more than 120 abandoned mines without remediation actions, with dumps and tailings with high contents of zinc and lead sulfides, and Cu, Ag, Cd, As, Sb in minor concentrations. In this study we determinate the transfer rate of these metals from soils to plants represented by oak leaves (Quercus ilex), because this specie is common within the selected area. To evaluate the soil-plant transfer were studied the correlation of contents, total and extractable, in soil-leaves. Extractable fraction was done by for different methods in water, EPA 1312 sulfuric acid: nitric acid 60:40 v., Ammonium Acetate and EDTA. To establish the correlation between heavy metals from soils to plants is necessary to know the contents of these and bioavailable content in soil. Three areas (S. Quintín, Romanilla, Bombita) were selected, taking 24 samples of soils and leaves. Analyzed leaves by XRF showed that Mn, Pb, Zn and Mo in S.Quintin and Romanilla, Mn, Pb in Bombita, exceeded the toxicity threshold. The same samples analyzed by ICP show us the toxicity threshold is exceeded Pb, Zn and Hg in S.Quintin, and Pb in Romanilla. The heavy metal content in leaves compared between two techniques analytical gives an acceptable correlation Zn - Pb

Removal of industrial dyes and heavy metals by Beauveria bassiana: FTIR, SEM, TEM and AFM investigations with Pb(II).

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Gola, Deepak; Malik, Anushree; Namburath, Maneesh; Ahammad, Shaikh Ziauddin

2017-10-01

Presence of industrial dyes and heavy metal as a contaminant in environment poses a great risk to human health. In order to develop a potential technology for remediation of dyes (Reactive remazol red, Yellow 3RS, Indanthrene blue and Vat novatic grey) and heavy metal [Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cr(VI) and Pb(II)] contamination, present study was performed with entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (MTCC no. 4580). High dye removal (88-97%) was observed during the growth of B. bassiana while removal percentage for heavy metals ranged from 58 to 75%. Further, detailed investigations were performed with Pb(II) in terms of growth kinetics, effect of process parameters and mechanism of removal. Growth rate decreased from 0.118 h -1 (control) to 0.031 h -1 , showing 28% reduction in biomass at 30 mg L -1 Pb(II) with 58.4% metal removal. Maximum Pb(II) removal was observed at 30 °C, neutral pH and 30 mg L -1 initial metal concentration. FTIR analysis indicated the changes induced by Pb(II) in functional groups on biomass surface. Further, microscopic analysis (SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM)) was performed to understand the changes in cell surface morphology of the fungal cell. SEM micrograph showed a clear deformation of fungal hyphae, whereas AFM studies proved the increase in surface roughness (RSM) in comparison to control cell. Homogenous bioaccumulation of Pb(II) inside the fungal cell was clearly depicted by TEM-high-angle annular dark field coupled with EDX. Present study provides an insight into the mechanism of Pb(II) bioremediation and strengthens the significance of using entomopathogenic fungus such as B. bassiana for metal and dye removal.

Metal extent in blood of livestock from Dandora dumping site, Kenya: Source identification of Pb exposure by stable isotope analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakata, Hokuto; Nakayama, Shouta M.M.; Ikenaka, Yoshinori; Mizukawa, Hazuki; Ishii, Chihiro; Yohannes, Yared B.; Konnai, Satoru; Darwish, Wageh Sobhy; Ishizuka, Mayumi

2015-01-01

Nairobi city in Kenya produces 2000 tons/day of garbage, and most of it is dumped onto the Dandora dumping site, home to a quarter-million residents. This study was conducted (1) to assess the contamination levels of nine metals and a metalloid (arsenic) in the blood of pigs, goats, sheep and cattle from Dandora, and (2) to identify a possible source of lead (Pb) pollution. Cadmium (Cd, 0.17–4.35 μg/kg, dry-wt) and Pb (90–2710 μg/kg) levels in blood were generally high, suggesting human exposure to Cd through livestock consumption and Pb poisoning among pigs (2600 μg/kg) and cattle (354 μg/kg). Results of Pb isotope ratios indicated that the major exposure route might differ among species. Our results also suggested a possibility that the residents in Dandora have been exposed to the metals through livestock consumption. - Highlights: • Metals extent in blood of livestock were examined. • Dandora dumping site, Kenya is study site. • Concentrations of Cd and Pb were high in the blood of livestock. • Pb isotope ratios indicated that major exposure route might differ among species. - Metal extent and stable Pb isotope ratio in livestock from Dandora, Kenya were examined

Concentrations, spatial distribution, and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in a Zn-Pb mine district in southern China.

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Qi, Jianying; Zhang, Hailong; Li, Xiangping; Lu, Jian; Zhang, Gaosheng

2016-07-01

China is one of the largest producers and consumers of lead and zinc in the world. Lead and zinc mining and smelting can release hazardous heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, and As into soils, exerting health risks to human by chronic exposure. The concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, and As in soil samples collected from a Pb-Zn mining area with exploitation history of 60 years were investigated. Health risks of the heavy metals in soil were evaluated using US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) recommended method. A geo-statistical technique (Kriging) was used for the interpolation of heavy metals pollution and Hazard Index (HI). The results indicated that the long-term Pb/Zn mining activities caused the serious pollution in the local soil. The concentrations of Cd, As, Pb, and Zn in topsoil were 40.3 ± 6.3, 103.7 ± 37.3, 3518.4 ± 896.1, and 10,413 ± 2973.2 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The spatial distribution of the four metals possessed similar patterns, with higher concentrations around Aayiken (AYK), Maseka (MSK), and Kuangshan (KS) area and more rapidly dropped concentrations at upwind direction than those at downwind direction. The main pollutions of Cd and Zn were found in the upper 60 cm, the Pb was found in the upper 40 cm, and the As was in the upper 20 cm. The mobility of metals in soil profile of study area was classed as Cd > Zn ≫ Pb > As. Results indicated that there was a higher health risk (child higher than adult) in the study area. Pb contributed to the highest Hazard Quotient (57.0 ~ 73.9 %) for the Hazard Index.

Compatibility between Co-Metallized PbTe Thermoelectric Legs and an Ag-Cu-In Brazing Alloy.

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Ben-Ayoun, Dana; Sadia, Yatir; Gelbstein, Yaniv

2018-01-10

In thermoelectric (TE) generators, maximizing the efficiency of conversion of direct heat to electricity requires the reduction of any thermal and electrical contact resistances between the TE legs and the metallic contacts. This requirement is especially challenging in the development of intermediate to high-temperature TE generators. PbTe-based TE materials are known to be highly efficient up to temperatures of around 500 °C; however, only a few practical TE generators based on these materials are currently commercially available. One reason for that is the insufficient bonding techniques between the TE legs and the hot-side metallic contacts. The current research is focused on the interaction between cobalt-metallized n -type 9.104 × 10 -3 mol % PbI₂-doped PbTe TE legs and the Ag 0.32 Cu 0.43 In 0.25 brazing alloy, which is free of volatile species. Clear and fine interfaces without any noticeable formation of adverse brittle intermetallic compounds were observed following prolonged thermal treatment testing. Moreover, a reasonable electrical contact resistance of ~2.25 mΩmm² was observed upon brazing at 600 °C, highlighting the potential of such contacts while developing practical PbTe-based TE generators.

Compatibility between Co-Metallized PbTe Thermoelectric Legs and an Ag–Cu–In Brazing Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Ben-Ayoun, Dana; Sadia, Yatir; Gelbstein, Yaniv

2018-01-01

In thermoelectric (TE) generators, maximizing the efficiency of conversion of direct heat to electricity requires the reduction of any thermal and electrical contact resistances between the TE legs and the metallic contacts. This requirement is especially challenging in the development of intermediate to high-temperature TE generators. PbTe-based TE materials are known to be highly efficient up to temperatures of around 500 °C; however, only a few practical TE generators based on these materials are currently commercially available. One reason for that is the insufficient bonding techniques between the TE legs and the hot-side metallic contacts. The current research is focused on the interaction between cobalt-metallized n-type 9.104 × 10−3 mol % PbI2-doped PbTe TE legs and the Ag0.32Cu0.43In0.25 brazing alloy, which is free of volatile species. Clear and fine interfaces without any noticeable formation of adverse brittle intermetallic compounds were observed following prolonged thermal treatment testing. Moreover, a reasonable electrical contact resistance of ~2.25 mΩmm2 was observed upon brazing at 600 °C, highlighting the potential of such contacts while developing practical PbTe-based TE generators. PMID:29320430

Determinación de parámetros fisicoquímicos, estado eutrófico y metales pesados de la laguna de Tecocomulco, Hidalgo; identificación de compuestos quelantes de Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. f.

OpenAIRE

Delgadillo López, Angélica Evelin

2014-01-01

Actualmente se reconoce que las fitotecnologías son alternativas prometedoras a las técnicas clásicas de limpieza de medios contaminados con metales pesados. Sin embargo, su avance requiere la realización de estudios biogeoquímicos, de la determinación de la calidad del medio y del estado eutrófico de los cuerpos del agua, la búsqueda de nuevas especies vegetales adecuadas para este propósito y la identificación de aquellas sustancias orgánicas responsables de los procesos de acumulación de m...

Desarrollo de métodos y evaluación de los niveles de dioxinas, PCBs "dioxin-like", compuestos bromados, organoestánnicos y metales pesados en productos y subproductos de la pesca y acuicultura

OpenAIRE

Blanco López, Sonia Lucia

2013-01-01

Esta Tesis Doctoral aborda el desarrollo de metodología analítica, fundamentalmente técnicas cromatográficas acopladas a la detección mediante espectrometría de masas en trampa iónica (GC-ITMS), para contaminantes químicos: dioxinas y furanos, PCBs "dioxin-like" y PBDEs. La medición de los niveles de estos contaminantes orgánicos y de metales pesados mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica se realiza en productos y/o subproductos de la pesca y de la acuicultura. Se evaluó la transferenc...

Soil heavy metal pollution and risk assessment associated with the Zn-Pb mining region in Yunnan, Southwest China.

Science.gov (United States)

Cheng, Xianfeng; Danek, Tomas; Drozdova, Jarmila; Huang, Qianrui; Qi, Wufu; Zou, Liling; Yang, Shuran; Zhao, Xinliang; Xiang, Yungang

2018-03-07

The environmental assessment and identification of sources of heavy metals in Zn-Pb ore deposits are important steps for the effective prevention of subsequent contamination and for the development of corrective measures. The concentrations of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in soils from 40 sampling points around the Jinding Zn-Pb mine in Yunnan, China, were analyzed. An environmental quality assessment of the obtained data was performed using five different contamination and pollution indexes. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the relations among the heavy metals and the pH in soils and possible sources of pollution. The concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn were extremely high, and 23, 95, 25, and 35% of the samples, respectively, exceeded the heavy metal limits set in the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils (GB15618-1995, grade III). According to the contamination and pollution indexes, environmental risks in the area are high or extremely high. The highest risk is represented by Cd contamination, the median concentration of which exceeds the GB15618-1995 limit. Based on the combination of statistical analyses and geostatistical mapping, we identified three groups of heavy metals that originate from different sources. The main sources of As, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu are mining activities, airborne particulates from smelters, and the weathering of tailings. The main sources of Hg are dust fallout and gaseous emissions from smelters and tailing dams. Cr and Ni originate from lithogenic sources.

Estudo termogravimétrico do processo de sorção de metais pesados por resíduos sólidos orgânicos Thermogravimetric study of the sorption process of heavy metals in organic solid waste

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Aldre Jorge Morais Barros

2006-06-01

Full Text Available A poluição de uma bacia hidrográfica pode causar alterações das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas da massa de água, comprometendo o seu uso para o consumo humano e para outros tipos de atividades, dependendo do grau de poluição ou contaminação. Os métodos de tratamentos convencionais de efluentes contendo metais pesados produzem quantidades significativas de subprodutos com características recalcitrantes, além de serem técnicas onerosas e de reprodutibilidade baixa. A busca por soluções mais baratas e definitivas levou ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias limpas, dentre estas tecnologias destaca-se o processo de sorção que baseia-se na utilização de substâncias absorventes desses elementos químicos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o processo de sorção de metais pesados pelos resíduos sólidos orgânicos utilizando-se das técnicas de termogravimetria. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que os perfis das curvas da termogravimetria dos resíduos sólidos orgânicos apresentam modificações significativas nas características físicas e químicas, quando submetidas ao processo de sorção dos metais pesados.Pollution of a hydrographic basin can cause alterations in physical, chemical and biological properties of water mass, committing its use for the human consumption and for other types of activities, depending on the contamination or pollution level. The conventional treatment methods for effluents containing heavy metals produce significant amounts of byproducts with recalcitrant characteristics; besides the techniques being onerous their reproducibility is low. The search for cheaper and definitive solutions led to the development of clean technologies, among these technologies the sorption process based on utilization of absorbent substances for these elements can be pointed out. This work has the objective of evaluating the sorption process of heavy metals by organic solid waste utilizing the

Sorption Potentials of Waste Tyre for Some Heavy Metals (Pb Cd in Aqueous Solution

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Austin Kanayo ASIAGWU

2009-07-01

Full Text Available An investigation into the adsorption potential of activated and inactivated waste tyre powders for some heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+ in their aqueous solution has been studied. The result indicated that inactivated waste tyre is a good non-conventional adsorbent for the removal of Cd from aqueous solution. A total of 93.3% of Cadmium contents was removed. The inactivated waste type proved a good adsorbent for the removal of Pb2+ 5g of 500mm activated tyre removed over 86.66% of Pb2+ from solution.

Geochemical and Pb isotopic evidence for sources and dispersal of metal contamination in stream sediments from the mining and smelting district of Pribram, Czech Republic

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ettler, Vojtech; Mihaljevic, Martin; Sebek, Ondrej; Molek, Michael; Grygar, Tomas; Zeman, Josef

2006-01-01

Stream sediments from the mining and smelting district of Pribram, Czech Republic, were studied to determine the degree, sources and dispersal of metal contamination using a combination of bulk metal and mineralogical determinations, sequential extractions and Pb isotopic analyses. The highest metal concentrations were found 3-4 km downstream from the main polymetallic mining site (9800 mg Pb kg -1 , 26 039 mg Zn kg -1 , 316.4 mg Cd kg -1 , 256.9 mg Cu kg -1 ). The calculated enrichment factors (EFs) confirmed the extreme degree of contamination by Pb, Zn and Cd (EF > 40). Lead, Zn and Cd are bound mainly to Fe oxides and hydroxides. In the most contaminated samples Pb is also present as Pb carbonates and litharge (PbO). Lead isotopic analysis indicates that the predominant source of stream sediment contamination is historic Pb-Ag mining and primary Pb smelting ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb = 1.16), while the role of secondary smelting (car battery processing) is negligible. - Pb isotopes properly complete traditional investigations of metal sources and dispersal in contaminated stream sediments

Role of metal mixtures (Ca, Cu and Pb) on Cd bioaccumulation and phytochelatin production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abboud, Pauline; Wilkinson, Kevin J.

2013-01-01

The goal of the study was to determine whether metal uptake and biological effects could be predicted by free ion concentrations when organisms were exposed to Cd and a second metal. Bioaccumulation and algal phytochelatin (PC) concentrations were determined for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii following a 6-h exposure. Bioaccumulation results, after six hours of exposure, showed that Cd uptake decreased in the presence of relatively high concentrations of Ca, Cu and Pb, however, Cd bioaccumulation increased in the presence of ca. equimolar concentrations of Cu. A good correlation was observed between the production of PCs and the amount of metals bioaccumulated for the binary mixtures of Cd–Pb and Cd–Cu, but not the Cd–Ca mixture. Overall, the results suggested that, in the case of mixtures, bioaccumulated metal rather than free ion concentrations would be a better predictor of biological effect. -- Highlights: •Cd bioaccumulation and phytochelatin production were evaluated for metal mixtures. •Bioaccumulated metal rather than free ion was a better predictor of biological effect. •Calcium additions decreased Cd bioaccumulation but increased phytochelatin production. •Copper additions increased Cd bioaccumulation and phytochelatin production. •Lead additions had little effect on either Cd bioaccumulation or phytochelatin production. -- In metal mixtures containing Cd and Ca, Pb or Cu, bioaccumulated metal rather than free ion was a better predictor of biological effect

Concentrações de metais pesados em grãos de café produzidos em lavouras sobre solos originados do basalto e do arenito Caiuá Heavy metals concentration in coffee grains produced in farming under basalt and Caiuá sandstone soils

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Carla Adriana Pizarro Schmidt

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Tendo em vista que o Brasil é um grande produtor e consumidor de café, fica evidente a importância de sua caracterização em diferentes locais de cultivo. O objetivo do presente estudo foi quantificar os teores de metais pesados em amostras de grãos de café, provenientes de lavouras implantadas em solos oriundos do basalto e do arenito Caiuá do Estado do Paraná. Foram examinadas 30 amostras de grãos de café, sendo 15 cultivados em solos predominantemente arenosos e 15 em solos argilosos. A determinação de Cromo (Cr, Cobalto (Co, Níquel (Ni, Chumbo (Pb, Cádmio (Cd, Cobre (Cu, Zinco (Zn e Manganês (Mn foi feita por espectrometria de emissão atômica com fonte de plasma induzido com Thermo Jarrel-ash ICAP 612 E (ICP-EAS. Os níveis foram variáveis entre as amostras.Considering that Brazil is a big producer and coffee consumer its evident the importance of its characterization in the different places of cultivation. The purpose of the present study was quantify the levels of high metals in coffee grains samples 'IAPAR 59' derived from farming introduced in basalt and Caiuá sandstone soils in Paraná, Brazil . Thirty ground samples were examined, being 15 of predominantly arenaceous ground and 15 of argillaceous ground. The determination of Chrome (Cr, Cobalt (Co, Nickel (Ni, Lead (Pb, Cadmium (Cd, Copper (Cu, Zinc (Zn and Manganese (Mn, was made through atomic emission spectrometry with induced plasma source with Thermo 612 Jarrel-ash ICAP E (ICP-EAS. The levels changed among the samples.

Relação entre solos afetados por sais e concentração de metais pesados em quatro perímetros irrigados no Ceará

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Cleyton S. M. Cunha

Full Text Available RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre atributos químicos relacionados com a salinidade (CTC, pH, PST e CE e concentrações de metais pesados (Fe, Al, Si, Ti, Mn, Zn, Cr, V, Ni, Cu, Co, B, Pb, Se, Cd, Mo, Zr e suas inter-relações em solos afetados por sais relativo a quatro perímetros irrigados no Ceará. Foram coletadas amostras de solo, de diferentes texturas, nas profundidades de 0–10 e 10-20 cm em 10 pontos dentro de cada perímetro, totalizando oitenta (80 amostras. Foram utilizadas a análise de correlação canônica (ACC e a análise fatorial com extração dos fatores em componentes principais (AF para verificar as possíveis relações entre os dois conjuntos de variáveis. Os atributos do solo relacionadas com a salinidade contribuíram para explicar as concentrações de metais pesados nos solos dos quatro perímetros irrigados, quando analisados em conjunto; todavia, não foram capazes de explicar quando analisados de forma individual; seguindo a ordem de importância: CTC > pH > PST > CE. Foram verificadas correlações entre os elementos metálicos analisados neste estudo (B, Mo, Si, Zr, Cr, Ni, Pb, Ti, Zn, Cd, Co, Se e Cu com o Fe, Mn, Al, Ti e V, ou, ainda, afinidades geoquímicas entre os elementos.

Sistemas de preparo de solo e acúmulo de metais pesados no solo e na cultura do pimentão (Capsicum Annum L. Systems preparation of soil and accumulation of heavy metals in the soil and in the culture of pepper (Capsicum Annum L.

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José Ezequiel Villarreal Núñez

2006-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivos determinar a influência de diferentes métodos de preparo do solo sobre as perdas por erosão de metais pesados e na contaminação do solo e de frutos de pimentão (Capsicum annuum L. com esses elementos. A avaliação foi realizada durante os meses de dezembro de 1999 a março de 2000, no ciclo de cultivo do Pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.. Foram utilizadas parcelas do tipo Wischmeier, de tamanho de 22,0 x 4,0m. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os seguintes: (i aração com trator morro abaixo e queima dos resíduos vegetais (MAQ; (ii aração com trator morro abaixo e não queima dos resíduos vegetais (MANQ; (iii aração com tração animal em nível, faixas de capim colonião a cada 7,0m (AA e (iv cultivo mínimo, com preparo de covas em nível (CM. As perdas mais elevadas de metais pesados por erosão foram verificadas no tratamento MAQ, típico da região. A concentração de Pb no fruto in natura, nos quatros sistemas de preparo do solo, e de Cd no CM estiveram acima dos limites permitidos para alimentos in natura, estando impróprios para o consumo humano Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitem concluir que o uso intensivo de agroquímicos associados às elevadas perdas de solo por erosão pode determinar sérios riscos de contaminação do solo, água e alimentos produzidos.The objectives of this study were to determine the influence of different soil tillage methods on the loss of heavy metals by erosion, and to evaluate the level of contamination of soil and food in Paty do Alferes County, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The experiment was conducted from December of 1999 to March of 2000, and pepper (Capsicum annuum L. was the cultivated crop. Four Wichmeier plots were installed, with an area of 22 x 4m. The treatments utilized were the following: (i tillage with machinery and operation down hill and burning of the grassland (MAQ; (ii tillage with machinery and operation down and without burning

Interactions of core–shell quantum dots with metal resistant bacterium Cupriavidus metallidurans: Consequences for Cu and Pb removal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Slaveykova, Vera I., E-mail: vera.slaveykova@unige.ch [Environmental Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institute F.-A. Forel, Earth and Environment Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 10, route de Suisse, 1290 Versoix (Switzerland); Pinheiro, José Paulo [IBB/CBME, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of the Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro (Portugal); Floriani, Magali [IRSN/DEI/SECRE/LRE CEA Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance (France); Garcia, Miguel [School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Station 15, CH-1015 Lausanne (Switzerland)

2013-10-15

Highlights: • QDs associate with C. metallidurans in time and concentration dependent manner. • 12.9 nm size QDs adhere to the bacterial surface and enter the periplasmic space. • QDs bound significantly Cu and Pb. • QDs increase Cu and Pb content in C. metallidurans during short term exposure. -- Abstract: In the present study we address the interactions of carboxyl-CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs), as a model of water dispersible engineered nanoparticles, and metal resistant bacteria Cupriavidus metallidurans, largely used in metal decontamination. The results demonstrate that QDs with average hydrodynamic size of 12.9 nm adhere to C. metallidurans. The percentage of bacterial cells displaying QD-fluorescence increased proportionally with contact time and QD concentration in bacterial medium demonstrating the association of QDs with the metal resistant bacteria. No evidence of QD internalization into bacterial cytoplasm was found by transmission electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, however QD clusters of sizes between 20 and 50 nm were observed on the bacterial surface and in the bacterial periplasmic compartment; observations consistent with the losses of membrane integrity induced by QDs. The presence of 20 nM QDs induced about 2-fold increase in Cu and Pb uptake fluxes by C. metallidurans exposed to 500 nM Pb or Cu, respectively. Overall, the results of this work suggest that when present in mixture with Cu and Pb, low levels of QDs originating from possible incidental release or QD disposal could increase metal accumulation in metal resistant bacterium.

Cuantificación de metales pesados en Anadara tuberculosa(Mollusca:bivalvia del estero Huaylá de Puerto Bolívar, por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica

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Collaguazo-Collaguazo, Yadira

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The presence of heavy metals in bivalve molluscs implies a serious problem for the consumers health of this type of food. Therefore, the objective of the present investigation was to determine the presence of heavy metals in Anadara tuberculosa, mollusc of commercial importance at Puerto Bolívar, Ecuador. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was the method used to quantify the concentration of heavy metals. The concentration of six metals was determined: lead (Pb, arsenic (As, mercury (Hg, cadmium (Cd, chromium (Cr and cobalt (Co. The average values obtained, expressed in mg.kg-1 were: Pb (7.52 ± 0.46; As (1.55 ± 0.14; Hg (364.38 ± 91.39; Cd (1.68 ± 0.28; Cr (3,89 ± 1,82 and Co (2,71 ± 0,34 in A. tuberculosa The results show that Pb, As, Cd, and Hg exceed the maximum permissible limits, mercury exceeds by more than 100 times the limit value. The smaller size (3-4 cm studied mollusc, has the capacity to bioaccumulate higher concentration of Pb, Cd and Cr.

MUSGOS COMO BIOINDICADORES DE METAIS PESADOS NO AMBIENTE

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Eliane Ferreira de SOUZA

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Recentemente, inúmeras pesquisas envolvendo degradação ambiental oriunda das poluições atmosférica, terrestre e aquática, tem como foco o uso de animais ou vegetais, que apresentem respostas no sentido de controlar e indicar o nível de deterioração nos ambientes afetados por ações antrópicas. Dentre os organismos indicadores denominados biomonitores, estão os musgos do Filo Bryophyta responsáveis por respostas significativas frente aos impactos gerados pelo descarte indevido de substâncias, que contêm em sua composição metais pesados. Os metais pesados são considerados um dos principais poluentes que afetam os recursos naturais. Geralmente, os mesmos são oriundos de técnicas agrícolas ou mecanismos urbanos que produzem resíduos. Nesta linha, o presente estudo de revisão visa relacionar, principalmente, os efeitos da poluição dos recursos naturais a partir do uso de musgos como bioindicadores de traços metálicos no ambiente.

Graphite furnace analysis of a series of metals (Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cd) in ox kidney

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Souza, Vivianne L.B. de; Nascimento, Rizia K. do; Paiva, Ana Claudia de; Silva, Josenilda M. da; Melo, Jessica V. de

2013-01-01

The aim of this study was to create a methodology for animal tissue analysis, with the use of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry techniques and graphite furnace analysis to determining metal concentrations in ox kidney. The organ of this animal can be considered a great nutritional food, due to the high protein and micronutrient content beyond the ability to absorb and concentrate important metals such as Zn, Fe, Mn and Se. On the other hand, there is a risk when eating this food owing to the capacity to accumulate toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. In accordance with the laboratory analysis, Zn can be analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, but other metals such as Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd, could only be detected by graphite furnace analysis. The results showed that there is more Zn and Cu than other metals. Such metals follows an order reported by the literature (Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb > Mn). The results showed that kidney is actually a rich source of Zn and Cu. The Cd levels in the ox kidney did not exceed the values which cause toxic effects. The adequacy of the results indicates that the proposed methodology can be used for animal tissue analysis.(author)

Graphite furnace analysis of a series of metals (Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn and Cd) in ox kidney

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Souza, Vivianne L.B. de; Nascimento, Rizia K. do; Paiva, Ana Claudia de; Silva, Josenilda M. da, E-mail: vlsouza@cnen.gov.br, E-mail: riziakelia@hotmail.com, E-mail: acpaiva@cnen.gov.br, E-mail: jmnilda@hotmail.com [Centro Regional de Ciencias Nucleares do Nordeste (CRCN-NE/CNEN-PE), Recife, PE (Brazil); Melo, Jessica V. de, E-mail: Jessica_clorofila@hotmail.com [Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE (Brazil)

2013-07-01

The aim of this study was to create a methodology for animal tissue analysis, with the use of flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry techniques and graphite furnace analysis to determining metal concentrations in ox kidney. The organ of this animal can be considered a great nutritional food, due to the high protein and micronutrient content beyond the ability to absorb and concentrate important metals such as Zn, Fe, Mn and Se. On the other hand, there is a risk when eating this food owing to the capacity to accumulate toxic metals such as Pb and Cd. In accordance with the laboratory analysis, Zn can be analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, but other metals such as Cu, Mn, Pb and Cd, could only be detected by graphite furnace analysis. The results showed that there is more Zn and Cu than other metals. Such metals follows an order reported by the literature (Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb > Mn). The results showed that kidney is actually a rich source of Zn and Cu. The Cd levels in the ox kidney did not exceed the values which cause toxic effects. The adequacy of the results indicates that the proposed methodology can be used for animal tissue analysis.(author)

Evaluation of toxic trace metals Cd and Pb in Arabian Sea waters

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Sanzgiri, S.; Mesquita, A.; Kureishy, T.W.; SenGupta, R.

An attempt has been made to present a picture of the distribution of toxic trace elements Cd and Pb in the Northern Arabian Sea by applying an improved analytical technique for the detection of dissolved forms of the metals at nanogram levels...

Metais pesados, densidade e atividade microbiana em solo contaminado por rejeitos de indústria de zinco

OpenAIRE

Dias-Júnior,H. E.; Moreira,F. M. S.; Siqueira,J. O.; Silva,R.

1998-01-01

As atividades relacionadas com mineração e indústria metalúrgica são responsáveis pela poluição de extensas áreas de solo em todo o mundo, sendo seus efeitos ainda pouco conhecidos nas condições brasileiras. No presente trabalho, os teores totais e solúveis em água de metais pesados, a densidade e a atividade microbiana foram avaliados em 1996, em sete locais de uma área de deposição de rejeitos da industrialização de zinco, em elevado estádio de degradação, e num local fora da área contamina...

Determinação de cádmio, cobre, cromo, níquel, chumbo e zinco em fosfatos de rocha Determination of cadmium, copper, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc in rock phosphates

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Mari Lucia Campos

2005-04-01

Full Text Available A preocupação com metais pesados provenientes de fertilizantes minerais deve-se à possibilidade de entrada desses elementos na cadeia alimentar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o teor de metais pesados e comparar três métodos de extração (Embrapa, USEPA 3051A e USEPA 3050B de Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn em fosfatos de rochas nacionais e importados. A quantificação dos teores desses elementos foi feita em espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica de chama ar-acetileno. Entre os fosfatos estudados, o termofosfato apresentou concentrações significativamente superiores de Cr, Cu, Ni e Zn e o fosfato natural 2, de Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn. O fosfato reativo 3 apresentou a maior quantidade de Cd (145±13 mg kg-1 e o fosfato natural 2, a maior quantidade de Pb (234±9 mg kg-1. Os métodos avaliados podem ser aplicados em estudos de teor de metais pesados em fertilizantes fosfatados.The possibility of food chain transfer is a matter of concern on studies related to heavy metals in mineral fertilizers. The objective of this paper was to determine the content of heavy methods and to compare three extraction procedures (Embrapa, 1999; USEPA 3051A and USEPA 3050B for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in national and imported rock phosphates. The quantification of the trace elements content was performed by air-acetylene flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Among the studied phosphates, the thermophosphate presented significantly greater concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn whereas Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were found in greater contents in the natural phosphate 2. The reactive phosphate 3 presented the greatest quantity of Cd (145±13 mg kg-1 and the natural phosphate 2, the highest quantity of Pb (234±9 mg kg-1. The tested methods can be applied in studies concerning heavy metals in phosphate fertilizers.

Diagenesis and {sup 210}Pb; Diagenesis y {sup 210}Pb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ruiz-Fernandez, Ana Carolina [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia (Mexico); Sanchez-Cabeza, Joan-Albert [Organismo Internacional de la Energia Atomica, Laboratorios del Medio Marino (Monaco)

2012-07-01

One of the basic questions when studying cores for historical reconstructions of environmental changes is whether the profiles of {sup 210}Pb heavy metals and temporal distributions represent actual or have been affected by diagenetic processes. The term refers to processes occurring in the sediment during and after its formation. Such processes can be physical (such as water loss by compaction in clay sludge), biogeochemical (as the decomposition of organic matter) or biological (eg the ingestion of sediments by infauna.) In this chapter we will refer specifically to diagenetic processes caused by the establishment of a vertical zonation of redox conditions and their effects on concentrations of Fe, Mn and other redox-sensitive metals associated. The redox conditions (defined redox potential Eh) of sediments are primarily controlled by the bacterial decomposition of sedimentary organic matter, and are limited by the rate of supply of organic matter (primary production or other sources) and the rate at that accumulates (rate of accumulation of organic matter). During the bacterial decomposition occurs a sequence of reactions involving a succession of oxidants (or electron acceptors) between which the primary oxidant is O{sub 2}. However, when the dissolved O{sub 2} is consumed and the redox potential has decreased enough to favor the most efficient oxidizing the organic matter decomposition can continue through secondary sources of oxidants (suboxic diagenesis). [Spanish] Una de las preguntas basicas cuando estudiamos cores para realizar reconstrucciones historicas de cambios ambientales es si los perfiles de {sup 210}Pb y metales pesados representan las distribuciones temporales reales o si han sido afectados por procesos diageneticos. El termino diagenesis sedimentaria se refiere a los procesos que ocurren en el sedimento durante y despues de su formacion. Estos procesos pueden ser fisicos (como la perdida de agua en lodos arcillosos por compactacion

Application of Pb isotopes to track the sources and routes of metal uptake in the earthworm Eisenia fetida

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Bader Albogami

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this work is to determine the important routes of metal uptake in earthworms to enable a better understanding of the primary source of metal uptake in the environment. Earthworms can take up chemicals from pore water and soil both by ingestion and through contact with their skin. However, it is unclear which pathway is the most important for metal uptake. An experiment was designed in which both soil chemistry and foods were artificially manipulated, producing different pools of soil lead (Pb with different isotope compositions at a range of Pb concentrations. Earthworms (Eiseniafetida were exposed to different lead concentrations through the addition of 500 mg/kg lead oxide (Pb3O4 to soil and 500 mg/kg lead nitrate to food (manure, with distinctly different isotopic compositions. Earthworms were also exposed to combinations of soil only and soil plus food in order to quantify the proportions of Pb taken up from each component. After acid digestion of the earthworm tissues, the Pb isotope composition of the accumulated lead in the earthworms was measured using a Thermo-fisher, iCAPQ, ICP-MS for 208Pb/206Pb and 207Pb/206Pb ratios measured relative to NIST SRM 981, allowing us to determine the pathway of lead uptake. Mixing calculations have been used to deconvolute the lead isotope signatures and identify the amount of lead taken up by the earthworms from the different soil pools. Differences in bioaccumulation factors and the relative amounts of lead accumulated from different pools changes as a function of concentration in the different pools. Earthworms were shown to uptake lead from bothsoil and food sources through ingestion route. Our findings suggest that a major pathway of lead uptake in earthworm species is heavily influenced by their ecology.

Effect of the air pollution by heavy metals in the tree leaves in the metropolitan area of Toluca Valley; Efecto de la contaminacion atmosferica por metales pesados en las hojas de los arboles de la zona metropolitana del Valle de Toluca

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ledesma O, C. I.

2014-07-01

Leaves of two tree species: Juniperus sp and Ligustrum sp were studied as indicators of pollution heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the atmosphere of the Metropolitan Area of the Toluca Valley. Bio markers of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guaiacol, proteins and pigments were measured in order to determine the effects to atmospheric stress caused by heave metals during two periods in the year (December 2012 and May 2013). Metals were quantified in dry deposit and tissue on trees tissue leaves using the technique of Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy respectively. The results show greater response of enzyme inhibition in Juniperus sp. species, with decreased protein content and increased lipid peroxidation at sites with higher content of metals in tissue belonging to urban areas with increased industrial activity and traffic flow. In dry deposit bioavailability factor of metals was Fe>Mn> Zn> Cu>Pb for the first time of sampling and Fe>Mn> Cu> Zn>Pb for the second sampling period. (Author)

Concentración de Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr y As en hígado de Carcharhinus limbatus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae capturado en Veracruz, México

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Fernando Mendoza-Díaz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available La contaminación de los ecosistemas marinos y costeros por metales pesados en el Golfo de México es uno de los problemas que afectan a los recursos naturales del medio acuático. Los tiburones por situarse en niveles tróficos superiores de la red alimenticia acumulan y magnifican cantidades considerables de contaminantes. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la concentración de cuatro metales pesados (Hg, Cd, Pb y Cr y un metaloide (As en el tiburón punta negra (Carcharhinus limbatus por medio de espectrofotometría de absorción atómica con flama y generador de hidruros. Se muestrearon 19 hígados de tiburones capturados cerca de Tamiahua, Veracruz entre noviembre 2007 y marzo 2008, de los cuales 12 fueron machos adultos, una hembra adulta, tres machos jóvenes y tres hembras jóvenes. Las concentraciones máximas registradas para cada metal fueron: Hg=0.69mg/ kg, Cd=0.43mg/kg, As=27.37mg/kg, Cr=0.35mg/kg. El Pb no fue detectado, no al menos la cantidad mínima de detección requerida por el espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica (0.1mg/kg. Ninguna de las muestras analizadas rebasó los límites máximos permisibles por las leyes mexicanas y americanas.Concentration of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr and As in liver Carcharhinus limbatus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae captured in Veracruz, Mexico. Pollution by heavy metals in marine ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico is one of the hardest conservation issues to solve. Sharks as top predators are bioindicators of the marine ecosystem health, since they tend to bioaccumulate and biomagnify contaminants; they also represent a food source for local consumption. Thus, the objective of this study was to study the possible presence of heavy metals and a metalloid in livers of Carcharhinus limbatus. For this, a total of 19 shark livers were taken from animals captured nearby Tamihua, Veracruz, Mexico from December 2007 to April 2008. 12 out of the 19 captured sharks were males, one was

Heavy Metals (Cu, Pb and Cd) in Water and Angel Fish (Chelmon rostractus) from Batam Coastal, Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Ismarti Ismarti; Ramses Ramses; Suheryanto Suheryanto; Fitrah Amelia

2017-01-01

Fish play an important role in human nutrition and therefore need to be carefully and routinely monitored to ensure that there are no high levels of heavy metals being transferred to human through their consumption. This study has been carried out to determine level of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, and Cd) in water and angel fish, Chelmon rostractus collected from coast of Batam. We report levels of Cu, Cd and Pb in water and angel fish from Coast Batam using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Lev...

Evaluation of heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg) in water, sediments and water lily (Eichornia crassipes) from Jose Antonio Alzate dam; Evaluacion de metales pesados Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb y Hg en agua, sedimento y lirio acuatico (Eichhornia crassipes) de la Presa Jose Antonio Alzate, Estado de Mexico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Avila P, P

1996-12-31

Water, sediments and water lily (Eichornia crassipes) from the Jose Antonio Alzate Dam were analyzed in order to determine concentrations of chromium, iron, nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead and mercury. Mercury, lead, chromium and iron were found in concentrations above permissible limits in water, and in high concentrations in sediments. Cadmium, nickel, copper and zinc never were found in concentrations above permissible limits in water. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in water lily were found in the root. Accumulation factors decreased in the following order: Zn> Cr> Fe> Ni> Cu> Pb> Hg and Cd. Statistical differences ({alpha} < 0.5) between the collection samples dates was observed. High correlations between metals concentrations in superficial water, sediment and water hyacinth were also observed. These correlations could indicate that the heavy metals studied here, are originated from a natural source such as sediments or from an industrial source. (Author).

Disponibilidade e fracionamento de Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn em função do pH e tempo de incubação com o solo Availability and fractionation of Cd, Pb, Cu, AND Zn in soil as a function of incubation time and pH

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Évio Eduardo Chaves de Melo

2008-06-01

Full Text Available O pH e o tempo de contato influenciam a distribuição dos metais entre frações do solo e a eficiência da fitoextração. Objetivou-se, neste trabalho estudar a disponibilidade dos metais Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn para a fitoextração, bem como suas redistribuições no solo, em função do tempo de incubação em solo com e sem calagem. O solo recebeu Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn nas doses 20, 150, 100 e 150 mg kg-1, respectivamente, na forma de sal solúvel. As amostras foram incubadas por 210, 180, 150, 120, 90, 60, 30 e 0,5 dia. Terminada a incubação, mucuna preta (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy foi cultivada por 30 dias. EDTA (10 mmol kg-1 foi aplicado sete dias, antes da coleta das plantas. As amostras de solo foram submetidas à extração química e fracionada. A concentração de metais pesados e a calagem afetaram a produção de matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Em solos sem calagem, o aumento da solubilidade dos metais aumentou a fitoextração de Cd e Zn, mesmo sem aplicação do EDTA. A aplicação do EDTA ao solo com calagem mostrou-se eficiente para a fitoextração de Pb e Cu. A calagem reduziu os teores disponíveis de Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn. A calagem provocou redução nos teores de Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn trocáveis e aumento nas frações matéria orgânica, óxidos de ferro amorfo e cristalino.It is known that pH and incubation time influence the distribution of metals into soil fractions and therefore affect phytoextraction. Taking this in account, the aim of this work was to study the fractionation and availability of heavy metals for phytoextraction, as a function of incubation period in soils with or without liming. The soil samples were applied to Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn at concentrations of 20, 150, 100, and 150 mg kg-1, respectively, in the form of soluble salt. The samples were kept incubated for high incubation periods: 210, 180, 150, 120, 90, 60, 30, and 0,5 day. After that, velvetbean (Stizolobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy was cultivated

EXTRACCIÓN DE HIDROCARBURO PESADO EN SUELO ARENOSO

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Carolina G. Martínez-Chávez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Una de las técnicas más utilizadas en la extracción de hidrocarburo en cuant o a fracción pesada de petróleo es el método que se estable ce en la Norma Oficial Mexic ana NMX - AA - 134 - SCFI - 2006, la cua l indica un tiempo de extracción determinado (6 horas. Basado en lo anterior, en este trabajo se evalu ó y compar ó la extracción de hidrocarburo pesado en un suelo arenoso a diferentes tiempos (6 y 8 horas empleando dos disolventes (hexano y d iclorometano con la misma polaridad pero con diferentes constantes dieléctricas. Los suelos se contaminaron con hidrocarburo pesado (45000 mg∙ kg - 1 y se realizaron extracciones continuas por triplicado utilizando el método Soxhlet . Luego, se cuantific ó la extracción de cada eluyente. Se concluyó que el d iclorometano favorece la extracción a menor tiempo ya que no se observó diferencias en las extracciones a 6 y 8 horas, pero si una diferencia con respecto a hexano en ambos tiempos.

Characterization of Cd-, Pb-, Zn-resistant endophytic Lasiodiplodia sp. MXSF31 from metal accumulating Portulaca oleracea and its potential in promoting the growth of rape in metal-contaminated soils.

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Zujun; Zhang, Renduo; Shi, Yang; Hu, Li'ao; Tan, Hongming; Cao, Lixiang

2014-02-01

The aim of this study was to characterize the features of a Cd-, Pb-, and Zn-resistant endophytic fungus Lasiodiplodia sp. MXSF31 and to investigate the potential of MXSF31 to remove metals from contaminated water and soils. The endophytic fungus was isolated from the stem of Portulaca oleracea growing in metal-contaminated soils. The maximum biosorption capacities of MXSF31 were 3.0 × 10(3), 1.1 × 10(4), and 1.3 × 10(4) mg kg(-1) for Cd, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The biosorption processes of Cd, Pb, and Zn by MXSF31 were well characterized with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The biosorption isotherm processes of Pb and Zn by the fungus were fitted better with the Langmuir model, while the biosorption processes of Cd was better fitted with the Freundlich model. The biosorption process of MXSF31 was attributed to the functional groups of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, and benzene ring on the cell wall. The active biomass of the strain removed more Cd, Pb, and Zn (4.6 × 10(4), 5.6 × 10(5), and 7.0 × 10(4) mg kg(-1), respectively) than the dead biomass. The inoculation of MXSF31 increased the biomass of rape (Brassica napus L.), the translocation factor of Cd, and the extraction amount of Cd by rape in the Cd+Pb-contaminated soils. The results indicated that the endophytic fungus strain had the potential to remove heavy metals from water and soils contaminated by multiple heavy metals, and plants accumulating multiple metals might harbor diverse fungi suitable for bioremediation of contaminated media.

Effect of metal ion concentration on the biosorption of Pb2+ and ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The influence of initial metal ion concentration of the batch sorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ onto a low-cost biosorbent was investigated. The experimental results were analysed in terms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. According to the evaluation using Langmuir equation, the monolayer sorption capacity obtained were ...

Remoção de metais pesados tóxicos cádmio, chumbo e cromo em biofertilizante suíno utilizando macrófita aquática (Eichornia crassipes como bioindicador - DOI: 10.4025/actascitechnol.v30i1.3179

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Affonso Celso Gonçalves Júnior

2008-05-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência da macrófita aquática (Eichornia crassipes como bioindicador e alternativa na remoção dos metais pesados tóxicos Cd, Pb e Cr em biofertilizante de origem suína. Foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo os fatores representados pelas partes da planta (aérea e raiz, e pelos quatro tratamentos. Na instalação do experimento coletou-se uma alíquota da solução de cada tratamento para determinar as concentrações iniciais dos metais e, após 30 dias de cultivo, as plantas foram retiradas, coletando-se novamente uma alíquota da solução de cada tratamento. As plantas foram separadas em parte aérea e raiz, secas e trituradas. A macrófita apresentou-se eficiente na remoção dos metais pesados, observou-se que o sistema radicular da macrófita apresentou maiores concentrações de Cd, Pb e Cr. Com este trabalho, conclui-se que a macrófita aquática (Eichornia crassipes pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento de biofertilizante e dejetos provenientes da suinocultura

Heavy metal input to agricultural soils from irrigation with treated wastewater: Insight from Pb isotopes

Science.gov (United States)

Kloppmann, Wolfram; Cary, Lise; Psarras, Georgios; Surdyk, Nicolas; Chartzoulakis, Kostas; Pettenati, Marie; Maton, Laure

2010-05-01

A major objective of the EU FP6 project SAFIR was to overcome certain drawbacks of wastewater reuse through the development of a new irrigation technology combining small-scale modular water treatment plants on farm level and improved irrigation hardware, in the aim to lower the risks related to low quality water and to increase water use efficiency. This innovative technology was tested in several hydro-climatic contexts (Crete, Italy, Serbia, China) on experimental irrigated tomato and potato fields. Here we present the heavy metal variations in soil after medium-term (3 irrigation seasons from 2006-2008) use of treated municipal wastewater with a special focus on lead and lead isotope signatures. The experimental site is located in Chania, Crete. A matrix of plots were irrigated, combining different water qualities (secondary, primary treated wastewater, tap water, partially spiked with heavy metals, going through newly developed tertiary treatment systems) with different irrigation strategies (surface and subsurface drip irrigation combined with full irrigation and partial root drying). In order to assess small scale heavy metal distribution around a drip emitter, Pb isotope tracing was used, combined with selective extraction. The sampling for Pb isotope fingerprinting was performed after the 3rd season of ww-irrigation on a lateral profile from a drip irrigator (half distance between drip lines, i.e. 50cm) and three depth intervals (0-10, 10-20, 20-40 cm). These samples were lixiviated through a 3 step selective extraction procedure giving rise to the bio-accessible, mobile and residual fraction: CaCl2/NaNO3 (bio-accessible fraction), DPTA (mobile fraction), total acid attack (residual fraction). Those samples were analysed for trace elements (including heavy metals) and major inorganic compounds by ICP-MS. The extracted fractions were then analysed by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) for their lead isotope fingerprints (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb, 208Pb

Assessment of Phytoextraction Potential of Fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecum L. to Remove Heavy Metals (Pb and Ni from Contaminated Soil

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Leela Kaur

2015-02-01

Full Text Available The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of metal mobilizing agents, ethelynediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA and salicylic acid (SA, on the accumulation and translocation of lead (Pb and nickel (Ni by fenugreek (Trigonellafoenum-graecumL. plants in contaminated soil. EDTA and SA were amended at 100 mM and 1.0 mM respectively. Pb and Ni content were estimated using ICP-OES. Plant samples were prepared for scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis to investigate metals distribution in different tissues (root, stem and leaf of plant. The results showed that EDTA increased Pb and Ni uptake as compared to SA. SEM analysis revealed that in the presence of EDTA, the deposition of Pb particles was predominantly in vascular tissues of the stem and leaf.    

The Investigation of Heavy Metal Content (Cu, Cd, Pb in Sapu-Sapu Fish (Hypostomus plecostomus in Bengawan Solo River

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Ristiyana Eko Setyarini

2016-12-01

Full Text Available A study had been carried out to investigate heavy metal (Cu, Cd, Pb content in sapu-sapu fish (hypostomus plecostomus in Bengawan Solo river. The type of this research was observational research, with sapu-sapu fish inhabit Bengawan Solo River as the population. The samples were taken with purposive random sampling. Nine sapu-sapu fishes taken from 3 places, i.e.: Nguter Sukoharjo area, Premulung river outlet and Anyar river, 3 fishes from each palce, and then take examined the content of heavy metal. The result of study showed that the average content of Cu: 0.027 mg/100gr, Cd: 0.005 mg/100gr and Pb: 0.042 mg/100gr. Hence, sapu-sapu fish in Be3ngawan Solo had been contaminated with heavy metal (Cu, Cd, and Pb and should not be consumed.

Chelating agents to solubilize heavy metals from Oxisols contaminated by the addition of organic and inorganic residues Uso de quelantes na solubilização de metais pesados de Latossolos contaminados pela adição de resíduos orgânico e inorgânico

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Aline Renée Coscione

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Phytoremediation is an attractive technique for soils contaminated with heavy metals, especially in conjunction with chelating agents to assist metal phytoextraction. Nevertheless, their studies in Brazil are rare. Thus, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the efficiency of the chelating agents EDDS and EDTA for the solubilization of heavy metals from two Oxisols contaminated by organic sources in Jaguariúna (LVJ and inorganic sources in Paulínia (LVP, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. First, the soil samples were fractionated and the DTPA method was used to quantify heavy metals available forms. The results indicated that the metals were highly available in the soil fractions and could be solubilized by the chelating agents. The soil was suspended for 24 h in a chelating agent solution (EDTA or EDDS at rates of 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg kg-1 of soil. The concentration of solubilized heavy metals was determined in the resulting solution. The extent of metal solubilization varied according to soil type, the chelating agent added and the specific metal. The amount of iron solubilized, as compared to the total iron (LVJ was 11% (EDTA and 19% (EDDS. EDDS solubilized more Cu than EDTA in both soils but more Ni in LVJ, while EDTA solubilized more Zn in both soils but more Cd in LVP. Both EDTA and EDDS may be useful for phytoextraction from soils, although the iron content is an important factor regarding the phytoextraction of heavy metals with chelating agents in Oxisols.A fitoextração tem sido uma opção atrativa para remediar solos contaminados com metais pesados, principalmente quando associada à aplicação de quelantes ao solo, embora no Brasil seus estudos sejam muito incipientes. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência dos quelantes EDTA e EDDS na solubilização de metais pesados em Latossolos contaminados por Cu, Zn, Cd e Ni, cujas fontes de contaminação foram: orgânica em Jaguariúna (LVJ e

Adsorbent material based on passion-fruit wastes to remove lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) from metal-contaminated waters

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Campos-Flores, Gaby; Castillo-Herrera, Alberto; Gurreonero-Fernández, Julio; Obeso-Obando, Aída; Díaz-Silva, Valeria; Vejarano, Ricardo

2018-04-01

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the feasibility of passion-fruit shell (PFS) biomass as adsorbent material to remove heavy metals from contaminated waters. Model mediums were used, which were composed of distilled water and the respective metal: lead (Pb), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu), with a dose of 10g of dry PFSbiomass per liter of medium. The residual concentration of each metal was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). A good adsorption capacity was exhibited by this agro industrial waste, achieving removal levels of 96,93 and 82% for Pb, Cr and Cu, respectively. In addition, the results obtained showed an adequate fit to the Freundlich model (R2 > 0.91), on the basis of which, the following values of adsorption capacity (k: 1.7057, 0.6784, 0.3302) and adsorption intensity (n: 0.6869, 2.3474, 1.0499), for Pb, Cr and Cu respectively, were obtained. Our results suggest that Pb, Cr and Cu ions can be removed by more than 80% by using this agro industrial waste, which with a minimum treatment could be used as an adsorbent material in the treatment of metal-contaminated waters.

Biomonitoring of Pb and Cd in two impacted watersheds in Southeast Brazil, using the freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Lamarck, 1819 (Bivalvia : Mycetopodidae as a biological monitor

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Andréa C. Tomazelli

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Studies were carried out to investigate the contamination of Piracicaba and Mogi-Guaçu River basins (São Paulo State, Southeastern, Brazil for heavy metals (Cd and Pb, using the limnic bivalve Anodontites trapesialis as a biological monitor. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb were higher than the control group in both basins, showing the bioavailability of this non-essential element in the basins. The concentrations were higher in the Mogi-Guaçu than in the Piracicaba basin, and in the slightly contaminated sites in both basins. There was no correlation between the degree of human impact and Cd and Pb concentrations, it was not possible to infer about concentrations of these heavy metals in the bivalves based only in a broad evaluation of human impact.O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a contaminação pelos metais pesados Cd e Pb nas bacias dos rios Piracicaba e Mogi-Guaçu (Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, utilizando o bivalve limnico Anodontites trapesialis como indicador biológico. As bacias estudadas apresentam diferentes graus de impacto, sendo a qualidade da água geralmente melhor na bacia do rio Mogi-Guaçu. Os teores de Pb detectados nos bivalves não podem ser considerados críticos, contudo, houve acúmulo em relação ao grupo de controle em ambas as bacias, especialmente na bacia do rio Mogi-Guaçu. As maiores concentrações dos elementos, especialmente Pb, foram observadas nos locais menos poluídos e na bacia menos degradada. Este fato sugere que estas concentrações não estão sendo afetadas apenas pelas atividades antrópicas nas bacias, mas deve-se considerar também fatores que afetem a biodisponibilidade ou fontes específicas e não pontuais.

Bryophytes use like atmospheric indicators of heavy metals in the metropolitan area of the Toluca Valley; Uso de briofitas como indicadores atmosfericos de metales pesados en la zona metropolitana del Valle de Toluca

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poblano B, J.

2013-07-01

The objective of this work was to evaluate the concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in species of frequent and abundant bryophytes in the Metropolitan Area of the Toluca Valley (MATV). The concentration of the studied metals was determined in two different seasons (cold-dry and warm-humid) in 11 sites of the MATV, 7 of them classified as urban areas, 2 as transition areas and 2 as protected natural areas. Only epiphyte organisms found to a superior height of 100 cm of the floor were considered and the species determination was realized in the Sciences Faculty of the Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Mexico, while the processing of the samples was carried out in the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (ININ). The samples processing consisted on separating the bryophytes of the bark of the trees, later on each one of the samples was washed, milled and homogenized, at the end they were subjected to a digestion process accelerated by microwaves. The concentration of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in the bryophytes was determined applying the X-rays Fluorescence technique, using a spectrometer Tx-2000 Ital-Structures, with a detector type Si (Li), a tube of Mo (40 kV, 30 m A) with 17,4 keV like excitement energy. Each sample was analyzed six times with a counting time of 500 seconds. Additionally enrichment factors were obtained using reference soils considered as not impacted by anthropogenic activities. With the obtained results space and temporary differences were established through descriptive statistic, also the enrichment factor to infer the possible origin of the metals was calculated, as well as the sites that could represent a risk for the health. The species more frequent and abundant were F. ciliaris and L. angustata, presenting the following tendency in their metals concentration Fe>Ti>Mn>Zn>Pb>V ≅ Cu>Cr, being observed that the temporality is a factor that influences in the metals concentration and that in general F. ciliaris

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Behavior of Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II) metal-organic framework and its application in selective sensing hexavalent chromium.

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Ma, Hongmin; Li, Xiaojian; Yan, Tao; Li, Yan; Liu, Haiyang; Zhang, Yong; Wu, Dan; Du, Bin; Wei, Qin

2016-02-23

In this work, a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor based on Au nanoparticles-hybridized Pb (II)-β-cyclodextrin (Pb-β-CD) metal-organic framework for detecting hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) was developed. Pb-β-CD shows excellent ECL behavior and unexpected reducing ability towards Au ions. Au nanoparticles could massively form on the surface of Pb-β-CD (Au@Pb-β-CD) without use of any additional reducing agent. In the presence of coreactant K2S2O8, the ECL emission of Pb-β-CD was enhanced by the formation of Au nanoparticles. Cr(VI) can collisionally quench the ECL behavior of Au@Pb-β-CD/S2O8(2-) system and the detection mechanism was investigated. This ECL sensor is found to have a linear response in the range of 0.01-100 μM and a low detection limit of 3.43 nM (S/N = 3) under the optimal conditions. These results suggest that metal-organic framework Au@Pb-β-CD has great potential in extending the application in the ECL field as an efficient luminophore.

Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient

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Wilczek, Grazyna [Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Babczynska, Agnieszka [Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Augustyniak, Maria [Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice (Poland); Migula, Pawel [Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, 40-007 Katowice (Poland)]. E-mail: migula@us.edu.pl

2004-12-01

We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX, GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. - Capsule: Glutathione-linked enzyme activity in spiders from polluted areas depends on hunting strategy and sex.

Relations between metals (Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu) and glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes in spiders from a heavy metal pollution gradient

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilczek, Grazyna; Babczynska, Agnieszka; Augustyniak, Maria; Migula, Pawel

2004-01-01

We studied the relations between glutathione-dependent detoxifying enzymes and heavy metal burdens in the web-building spider Agelena labyrinthica (Agelenidae) and the wolf spider Pardosa lugubris (Lycosidae) from five meadow sites along a heavy metal pollution gradient. We assayed the activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidases (GPOX, GSTPx), and glutathione (GSH) levels in both sexes. Except for GSH vs Pb content, we found significant correlations between GPOX and GSTPx activity and metal concentrations in females of A. labyrinthica. The highest activity of these enzymes measured in the web-building spiders was found in the individuals from the most polluted sites. In P. lugubris males significant correlations were found between GST and Pb and Zn concentrations, and between GPOX and GSTPx and the concentration of Cu. GST activity was higher in males collected from less polluted areas. Thus, detoxifying strategies against pollutants seemed to be sex-dependent. Actively hunting spiders had higher metal concentrations, maintaining lower activity of detoxifying enzymes and a lower glutathione level. - Capsule: Glutathione-linked enzyme activity in spiders from polluted areas depends on hunting strategy and sex

Evaluation of the air quality regarding total suspended particles and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr) in the Hermosillo city, Sonora, Mexico, during a yearly period; Evaluacion de la calidad del aire respecto de particulas suspendidas totales y metales pesados (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr) en la Ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, durante un periodo anual

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cruz C, M. E.; Quintero N, M. [Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Instituto de Ingenieria, Campus Mexicali, Calle de la Normal s/n, y Blvd. Benito Juarez, Col. Insurgentes Este, Mexicali, Baja California (Mexico); Gomez A, A.; Varela S, J., E-mail: martincruzcampas@hotmail.com [Universidad de Sonora, Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica y Metalurgia, Blvd. Rosales y Luis Ensina s/n, Edificio 5B, Col. Centro, 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora (Mexico)

2013-07-01

In the present study, the air quality of the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico was assessed considering total suspended particulates (tsp) and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr) from June 2001 through May 2002 in three monitoring sites Centro (Mazon), Nor este (CESUES) and Noroeste (CBTIS). The filter-samples used for that purpose were provided by the Air Quality Evaluation and Improvement Program (PEMCA) of the municipality of Hermosillo. The sampling method was based on high volume sampling frequency set every 6 days with non-simultaneous sampling among the three sampling sites. Filters were dissolved for metal determination by acidic-extraction, and then analyzed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results indicate that tsp concentrations at Centro and Noroeste sites were frequently higher than the maximum daily permissible level (260 {mu}g/m{sup 3}), while in the three sites the annual average was higher than the maximum annual permissible level (75 {mu}g/m{sup 3}) both established in the standard NOM-024-Ssa-1993 (Ssa 1994a). According to the Air Quality Standard Index (US EPA 1992a), used in Mexico by Air Quality Metropolitan Index (IMECA) the results indicate that the air quality in the city of Hermosillo regarding tsp was placed between no satisfactory and poor. In regard to heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr), concentrations detected were below the maximum permissible levels and/or criteria taking into account the standard NOM-026-Ssa-1993 (Ssa 1994b), the Who criterion (2000), the European Union criterion (Cec 2003), and the European Environmental Agency criteria (EEA 2004). Such findings would mean that airborne metals are of no concern; however, air quality is still classified as no satisfactory due to high particulate matter concentrations. Keeping air quality parameters monitoring is recommended in order to get extensive data for use in risk studies of air quality and health (morbidity/mortality), as well as topographic conditions

Heavy metals and Pb isotopic composition of aerosols in urban and suburban areas of Hong Kong and Guangzhou, South China—Evidence of the long-range transport of air contaminants

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Celine S. L.; Li, Xiang-Dong; Zhang, Gan; Li, Jun; Ding, Ai-Jun; Wang, Tao

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in South China has placed great strain on the environment and on human health. In the present study, the total suspended particulate matter (TSP) in the urban and suburban areas of Hong Kong and Guangzhou, the two largest urban centres in South China, was sampled from December 2003 to January 2005. The samples were analysed for the concentrations of major elements (Al, Fe, Mg and Mn) and trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, V and Zn), and for Pb isotopic composition. Elevated concentrations of metals, especially Cd, Pb, V and Zn, were observed in the urban and suburban areas of Guangzhou, showing significant atmospheric trace element pollution. Distinct seasonal patterns were observed in the heavy metal concentrations of aerosols in Hong Kong, with higher metal concentrations during the winter monsoon period, and lower concentrations during summertime. The seasonal variations in the metal concentrations of the aerosols in Guangzhou were less distinct, suggesting the dominance of local sources of pollution around the city. The Pb isotopic composition in the aerosols of Hong Kong had higher 206Pb/ 207Pb and 208Pb/ 207Pb ratios in winter, showing the influence of Pb from the northern inland areas of China and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, and lower 206Pb/ 207Pb and 208Pb/ 207Pb ratios in summer, indicating the influence of Pb from the South Asian region and from marine sources. The back trajectory analysis showed that the enrichment of heavy metals in Hong Kong and Guangzhou was closely associated with the air mass from the north and northeast that originated from northern China, reflecting the long-range transport of heavy metal contaminants from the northern inland areas of China to the South China coast.

Formation and stability of Pb-, Zn- and Cu-PO4 phases at low temperatures: Implications for heavy metal fixation in polar environments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

White, Duanne A.; Hafsteinsdóttir, Erla G.; Gore, Damian B.; Thorogood, Gordon; Stark, Scott C.

2012-01-01

Low temperatures and frequent soil freeze–thaw in polar environments present challenges for the immobilisation of metals. To address these challenges we investigated the chemical forms of Pb, Zn and Cu in an Antarctic landfill, examined in vitro reaction kinetics of these metals and orthophosphate at 2 and 22 °C for up to 185 days, and subjected the products to freeze–thaw. Reaction products at both temperatures were similar, but the rate of production varied, with Cu-PO 4 phases forming faster, and the Zn- and Pb-PO 4 phases slower at 2 °C. All metal-orthophosphate phases produced were stable during a 2.5 h freeze–thaw cycle to −30 °C. Metal immobilisation using orthophosphate can be successful in polar regions, but treatments will need to consider differing mineral stabilities and reaction rates at low temperatures. - Highlights: ► We identify Cu, Pb and Zn species in an Antarctic Landfill. ► We identify the products and rates of reactions between metals and PO 4 3− at 2 and 22 °C. ► We test the stability of metal-orthophosphate species during freeze–thaw. ► We conclude that orthophosphate may immobilize metals in freezing ground. - Pb, Cu and Zn react with PO 4 3− at low temperatures (2 °C) to form low solubility metal-PO 4 phases at rates that may enable the in-situ remediation of metal contaminated soils in polar areas.

Effects of Cr III and Pb on the bioaccumulation and toxicity of Cd in tropical periphyton communities: Implications of pulsed metal exposures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bere, Taurai; Chia, Mathias Ahii; Tundisi, José Galizia

2012-01-01

Metal exposure pattern, timing, frequency, duration, recovery period, metal type and interactions, has obscured effects on periphyton communities in lotic systems. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of intermittent exposures of Cr III and Pb on Cd toxicity and bioaccumulation in tropical periphyton communities. Natural periphyton communities were transferred to artificial stream chambers and exposed to metal mixtures at different pulse timing, duration, frequency and recovery periods. Chlorophyll a, dry mass and metal accumulation kinetics were recorded. Cr and Pb decrease the toxic effects of Cd on periphyton communities. Periphyton has high Cd, Cr and Pb accumulation capacity. Cr and Pb reduced the levels of Cd sequestrated by periphyton communities. The closer the frequency and duration of the pulse is to a continuous exposure, the greater the effects of the contaminant on periphyton growth and metal bioaccumulation. Light increased toxic and accumulative effects of metals on the periphyton community. - Highlights: ► We investigated toxicity effects of pulsed metal exposures on bioaccumulation and toxicity in periphyton. ► High frequency of short duration pulses has effects equal to long duration exposures. ► Important role of light in modulating metal toxicity on periphyton demonstrated. ► Factors other than magnitude and duration must be considered in water quality criteria. ► Accurate prediction of metal effects on biofilms requires data on effluent variability. - The study highlights the importance of pulse timing, frequency, duration, recovery period and chemical type on aquatic life.

Interaction of Cr (III), Ni (II), Pb (II) with DTPA complexes of essential metal ions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gulzar, S.; Zahida; Maqsood, T.; Naqvi, R.R.

2002-01-01

With the increase of anthropogenic activities in the environment, heavy metal toxicity (Chromium, Nickel and Lead) is more common now. DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) a polyamino carboxylic acid is widely used to form hydrophilic and stable complexes with most of the metal ions. In this spectrophotometric study, concentration of Cr(III), Ni(II) and Pb(II) (toxic metal ions) exchanged with Fe(III), Zn(II) and Ca(II) from their DTPA complexes were estimated at pH 4,7 and 9. Concentration of added metal was varied from 1-4 times to that of complexed metal. (author)

Presence, mobility and bioavailability of toxic metal(oids) in soil, vegetation and water around a Pb-Sb recycling factory (Barcelona, Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Mykolenko, S; Liedienov, V; Kharytonov, M; Makieieva, N; Kuliush, T; Queralt, I; Marguí, E; Hidalgo, M; Pardini, G; Gispert, M

2018-06-01

The work was conducted to establish contamination from improper disposal of hazardous wastes containing lead (Pb) and antimony (Sb) into nearby soils. Besides other elements in the affected area, the biological role of Sb, its behaviour in the pedosphere and uptake by plants and the food chain was considered. Wastes contained 139532 ± 9601 mg kg -1 (≈14%) Pb and 3645 ± 194 mg kg -1 (≈0.4%) Sb respectively and variability was extremely high at a decimetre scale. Dramatically high concentrations were also found for As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Sn and Zn. In adjacent natural soils metal(oid)s amounts decreased considerably (Pb 5034 ± 678 mg kg -1 , Sb 112 mg kg -1 ) though largely exceeded the directives for a given soil use. Metal(oid)s potential mobility was assessed by using H 2 O→KNO 3 →EDTA sequential extractions, and EDTA extracts showed the highest concentration suggesting stable humus-metal complexes formation. Nevertheless, selected plants showed high absorption potential of the investigated elements. Pb and Sb values for Dittrichia viscosa grown in wastes was 899 ± 627 mg kg -1 and 37 ± 33 mg kg -1 respectively. The same plant showed 154 ± 99 mg kg -1 Pb and 8 ± 4 mg kg -1 Sb in natural soils. Helichrysum stoechas had 323 ± 305 mg kg -1 Pb, and 8 ± 3 mg kg -1 Sb. Vitis vinifera from alongside vineyards contained 129 ± 88 mg kg -1 Pb and 18 ± 9 mg kg -1 Sb, indicating ability for metal uptake and warning on metal diffusion through the food chain. The biological absorption coefficient (BAC) and the translocation factor (TF) assigned phytoextraction potential to Dittrichia viscosa and Foeniculum vulgare and phytostabilization potential to Helichrysum stoechas. Dissolved metal (oid)s in the analysed water strongly exceeded the current directive being a direct threat for livings. Data warned against the high contamination of the affected area in all its

Effect of short-term Zn/Pb or long-term multi-metal stress on physiological and morphological parameters of metallicolous and nonmetallicolous Echium vulgare L. populations.

Science.gov (United States)

Dresler, Sławomir; Wójciak-Kosior, Magdalena; Sowa, Ireneusz; Stanisławski, Grzegorz; Bany, Izabela; Wójcik, Małgorzata

2017-06-01

The aim of the study was to determine the response of metallicolous and nonmetallicolous Echium vulgare L. populations to chronic multi-metal (Zn, Pb, Cd) and acute Zn (200, 400 μM) and Pb (30, 60 μM) stress. Three populations of E. vulgare, one from uncontaminated and two from metal-contaminated areas, were studied. Two types of experiments were performed - a short-term hydroponic experiment with acute Zn or Pb stress and a long-term manipulative soil experiment with the use of soils from the sites of origin of the three populations. Growth parameters, such as shoot and root fresh weight and leaf area, as well as organic acid accumulation were determined. Moreover, the concentration of selected secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacity in the three populations exposed to Pb or Zn excess were measured. Both metallicolous populations generally achieved higher biomass compared with the nonmetallicolous population cultivated under metal stress in hydroponics or on metalliferous substrates. Plants exposed to Pb or Zn excess or contaminated soil substrate exhibited higher malate and citrate concentrations compared with the reference (no metal stress) plants. It was observed that Zn or Pb stress increased accumulation of allantoin, chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids, total phenolics, and flavonoids. Moreover, it was shown that Pb sequestration in the roots or Zn translocation to the shoots may play a role in enhanced metal tolerance of metallicolous populations under acute Pb/Zn stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Role of metal mixtures (Ca, Cu and Pb) on Cd bioaccumulation and phytochelatin production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Science.gov (United States)

Abboud, Pauline; Wilkinson, Kevin J

2013-08-01

The goal of the study was to determine whether metal uptake and biological effects could be predicted by free ion concentrations when organisms were exposed to Cd and a second metal. Bioaccumulation and algal phytochelatin (PC) concentrations were determined for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii following a 6-h exposure. Bioaccumulation results, after six hours of exposure, showed that Cd uptake decreased in the presence of relatively high concentrations of Ca, Cu and Pb, however, Cd bioaccumulation increased in the presence of ca. equimolar concentrations of Cu. A good correlation was observed between the production of PCs and the amount of metals bioaccumulated for the binary mixtures of Cd-Pb and Cd-Cu, but not the Cd-Ca mixture. Overall, the results suggested that, in the case of mixtures, bioaccumulated metal rather than free ion concentrations would be a better predictor of biological effect. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applicability of Moringa oleifera Lam. pie as an adsorbent for removal of heavy metals from waters Aplicabilidade da torta de Moringa oleifera Lam. como adsorvente para remoção de metais pesados de águas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Affonso C. Gonçalves Junior

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the efficacy of moringa seeds (Moringa oleifera Lam. as an adsorbent material for removing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, and chromium from contaminated solutions. The effect of the adsorbent mass was investigated at two pH conditions (5.0 and 7.0. The optimized conditions were 0.300 g of adsorbent at pH 5.0, used for the isotherms construction, and linearized according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. Results showed that cadmium adsorption was similar in both the models used. For lead, the Freundlich model had the best adjustment and chromium was better adjusted by the Langmuir model. It was concluded that the adsorbent was effective in the remediation of solutions containing cadmium, lead and chromium, thus, its use as sustainable alternative material is feasible, since it has low cost, does not need a previous treatment and it is a byproduct.Este estudo objetivou avaliar a eficácia do uso da torta de moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam. como material adsorvente dos metais pesados tóxicos cádmio (Cd, chumbo (Pb e cromo (Cr de soluções contaminadas. Nos testes cinéticos foram variadas as massas do adsorvente em duas condições de pH (5,0 e 7,0. As condições otimizadas foram pH 5,0 e massa de 0.300 g de adsorvente, utilizados para a construção das isotermas e linearizadas conforme os modelos de Langmuir e Freundlich. Realizou-se a determinação dos metais por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os resultados mostraram que houve semelhança em ambos os modelos utilizados para a adsorção do Cd. Para o Pb, o modelo de Freundlich apresentou o melhor ajuste e, para o Cr, houve melhor ajuste pelo modelo de Langmuir. Conclui-se, com base nos resultados obtidos, que o adsorvente foi eficaz na remediação de soluções contendo Cd, Pb e Cr e, assim, é viável a utilização desse adsorvente como material alternativo sustentável, pois apresenta baixo custo, não necessita de tratamento prévio e se trata de

Half-metallic antiferromagnetism in double perovskite BiPbCrCuO6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Weng, Ke-Chuan; Wang, Y. K.

2015-01-01

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of BiPbCrCuO 6 double perovskite are investigated based on first-principles density functional calculations with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA incorporated with Coulomb correlation interaction U (GGA + U). The results suggest the half-metallic (HM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) properties of BiPbCrCuO 6 double perovskite. The HM-AFM property of the double perovskite is caused by the double-exchange mechanism between neighboring Cr 5+ (t 2g 1 ↓) and Cu 2+ (t 2g 3 ↑t 2g 3 ↓e g 2 ↑e g ↓) via the intermediate O 2− (2s 2 2p 6 ) ion

Colonisation of a Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox Wulfen with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mixture induces changes in heavy metal and nutrient uptake

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vogel-Mikus, Katarina; Pongrac, Paula; Kump, Peter; Necemer, Marijan; Regvar, Marjana

2006-01-01

Plants of the Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox Wulfen (Brassicaceae) inoculated or not with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal mixture were grown in a highly Cd, Zn and Pb contaminated substrate in order to evaluate the functionality of symbiosis and assess the possible impact of AM colonisation on heavy metal uptake and tolerance. The results suggest AM development in the metal hyperaccumulating T. praecox is favoured at elevated nutrient demands, e.g. during the reproductive period. AM colonisation parameters positively correlated with total soil Cd and Pb. Colonised plants showed significantly improved nutrient and a decreased Cd and Zn uptake as revealed by TRXRF, thus confirming the functionality of the symbiosis. Reduced heavy metal uptake, especially at higher soil metal contents, indicates a changed metal tolerance strategy in colonised T. praecox plants. This is to our knowledge the first report on AM colonisation of the Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator T. praecox in a greenhouse experiment. - Colonisation of a Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted in improved nutrient and reduced Cd and Zn uptake

Colonisation of a Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox Wulfen with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal mixture induces changes in heavy metal and nutrient uptake

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vogel-Mikus, Katarina [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Pongrac, Paula [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Kump, Peter [Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Necemer, Marijan [Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Regvar, Marjana [Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vecna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)]. E-mail: marjana.regvar@bf.uni-lj.si

2006-01-15

Plants of the Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox Wulfen (Brassicaceae) inoculated or not with indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal mixture were grown in a highly Cd, Zn and Pb contaminated substrate in order to evaluate the functionality of symbiosis and assess the possible impact of AM colonisation on heavy metal uptake and tolerance. The results suggest AM development in the metal hyperaccumulating T. praecox is favoured at elevated nutrient demands, e.g. during the reproductive period. AM colonisation parameters positively correlated with total soil Cd and Pb. Colonised plants showed significantly improved nutrient and a decreased Cd and Zn uptake as revealed by TRXRF, thus confirming the functionality of the symbiosis. Reduced heavy metal uptake, especially at higher soil metal contents, indicates a changed metal tolerance strategy in colonised T. praecox plants. This is to our knowledge the first report on AM colonisation of the Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator T. praecox in a greenhouse experiment. - Colonisation of a Zn, Cd and Pb hyperaccumulator Thlaspi praecox with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted in improved nutrient and reduced Cd and Zn uptake.

PbTe mechanosynthesis from PbO and Te

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas-Chavez, Hugo; Diaz-de la Torre, Sebastian; Jaramillo-Vigueras, David; Plascencia, Gabriel

2009-01-01

Experimental results concerning the mechanosynthesis (MSY), of PbTe from the PbO-Te powder system, at room temperature an atmospheric conditions are reported. XRD results for samples milled for and after 5.4 ks only show PbTe diffraction peaks; neither Te nor PbO or any other solid phase were detected. Particle size and morphology, was followed by SEM observations. Phase evolution and quantification was monitored by Rietveld refinements of the X-ray diffraction data. It was found that the use of lead oxide as a component of the mechanosynthesis system reduces milling time with respect to the Pb-Te metallic system with mechanical alloying.

Biosorption of Zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) by metal resistant bacterial isolate from mining tail

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bautista Hernandez, D. A.; Carranza Alvarado, M.; Fernandez Linares, L.; Ramirez Landy, I.

2009-07-01

The use of microbial biomass in the removal of metals in solution, mainly of low concentrations (100 mg L{sup -}1), present advantages in relation to the physicochemical methods. The resistant microorganisms are potential bio sorbents. The objective of the present study was the isolation, starting from mining tail, of strains with capacity of metal bio sorption (Zn and Pb). (Author)

Biosorption of Zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) by metal resistant bacterial isolate from mining tail

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bautista Hernandez, D. A.; Carranza Alvarado, M.; Fernandez Linares, L.; Ramirez Landy, I.

2009-01-01

The use of microbial biomass in the removal of metals in solution, mainly of low concentrations (100 mg L - 1), present advantages in relation to the physicochemical methods. The resistant microorganisms are potential bio sorbents. The objective of the present study was the isolation, starting from mining tail, of strains with capacity of metal bio sorption (Zn and Pb). (Author)

Estudio preliminar de la fauna en el morro de basuras de Moravia y presencia de metales pesados en artrópodos y roedores

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Rolando Barahona

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Preliminary study of the fauna in the Morro de Moravia open dump and presence of heavy metals in arthropods and rodents.Characterization of the species present in a given locality by means of biological inventories provides information about diversity, even ifit is done in disturbed environments such as open dumps, which are considered a threat for health due to the accumulation of heavy metalsthat are well known for their negative effects on human health and the environment. Objectives. To carry out a preliminary characterizationof arthropods and non-flying small mammals in the Morro de Moravia open dump, and to determine the heavy metal contents in animaltissue samples. Materials and Methods. Arthropods were collected with pitfall traps and manually. Rodents were captured with Shermantraps. The heavy metal analysis was carried out with atomic spectroscopy. Results. A total of 9 orders, 51 families and 75 morphospeciesof insects, 5 families of spiders, two syrphid and a millipede species were identified; Mus musculus was the only small mammal speciesidentified. Heavy metal analysis showed various concentrations mainly of Pb and Cd. The highest content of Pb (45.05 mg/kg was foundin samples of M. musculus and the highest Cd content (10.31 mg/kg was found in spiders of the family Gasteracantha. Conclusions. TheMorro de Moravia open dump provides conditions that allow the establishment of an arthropod community with various diets and niches.The transference of heavy metals from the residue matrix towards higher levels of the trophic chain was corroborated.

Distribution of toxic metals, Hg, Cd and Pb in zooplankton along the Indian coasts

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Sengupta, R.; Kureishy, T.W.

Distribution of toxic metals such as Hg, Cd and Pb in zooplankton is assessed with a view to correlate it with the prevalent environmental conditions along the Indian coast. While Hg could not be detected in zooplankton the concentrations of Cd...

Solubilidade de metais pesados em solos tratados com lodo de esgoto enriquecido

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C. Oliveira

2003-02-01

Full Text Available Os lodos de esgoto são materiais orgânicos ricos em nutrientes com potencial para o uso agrícola. A utilização desses materiais, no entanto, pode ser limitada pela presença de metais pesados na sua composição. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivos: (a avaliar a solubilidade de Cd, Pb e Zn em dois tipos de solos tratados com lodo de esgoto enriquecido com esses metais; (b verificar o efeito do tempo de contato nas mudanças da distribuição de Cd, Pb e Zn nas diferentes formas químicas de dois solos tratados com lodo de esgoto enriquecido com esses metais; (c verificar a influência das frações inorgânicas e orgânicas do lodo na dinâmica destes metais no solo. O enriquecimento do lodo de esgoto consistiu em adicionar Cd, Pb e Zn a um lodo de esgoto urbano produzido na Estação de Tratamento da Ilha do Governador (ETIG, Rio de Janeiro (RJ. Após 20 dias de incubação, sob umidade constante (50 % g g-1, o lodo enriquecido foi utilizado para a instalação de experimentos em amostras de duas classes de solos: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LV e Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (PV. Em laboratório, as amostras dos solos foram incubadas com quantidades equivalentes a 0; 20; 40 e 80 t ha-1 de lodo de esgoto enriquecido. Nos tempos de contato solo-lodo enriquecido de 4, 12, 16, 24 e 160 semanas, amostras de solos foram retiradas e submetidas à extração seqüencial de Cd, Pb e Zn. Observou-se, através da extração seqüencial, que compostos orgânicos solúveis formaram complexos, principalmente com cádmio e zinco, mantendo teores elevados destes elementos associados à fração solúvel em água durante todo o período experimental. A incorporação de compostos inorgânicos de Fe e Mn, através do lodo de esgoto, permitiu que o Cd, Pb e Zn se ligassem em sua maior parte, à fração extraível com hidroxilamina. Com o tempo de incubação, observou-se decréscimo dessa fração com aumento da fração residual, indicando decréscimo na

Metais pesados provenientes de rejeitos de mineração e seus efeitos sobre a saúde e o meio ambiente - doi: 10.5102/ucs.v4i1.24

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Daphne Heloisa de Freitas Muniz

2008-04-01

Full Text Available O aumento nas concentrações de metais pesados no solo e na água próximos a zonas de mineração pode estar relacionado com processos químicos e biológicos que controlam a solubilidade, a disponibilidade e a mobilidade desses metais. Os efeitos tóxicos dos metais pesados no ser humano estão associados aos compostos orgânicos e inorgânicos por eles formados e são determinados pela quantidade do metal envolvida e pelo tempo de exposição. Com base em revisão bibliográfica, o presente artigo enfoca e discute aspectos relevantes sobre o estudo de metais, como arsênio, cádmio, cromo e mercúrio, provenientes de rejeitos de mineração.

Analysis of heavy metals (Pb and Zn) concentration in sediment of Blanakan fish ponds, Subang, West Java

Science.gov (United States)

Wiriawan, A.; Takarina, N. D.; Pin, T. G.

2017-07-01

Blanakan fish ponds receive water resource from Kali Malang and Blanakan rivers. Industrial and domestic activities along the river can cause pollution, especially heavy metals. Zinc (Zn) is an essential element that needed by an organism, while Lead (Pb) is a nonessential element that is not needed. Discharge of waste water from industries and anthropogenic activities continuously not only pollute the water but also the sediment and biota live on it. This research was aimed to know the heavy metals content in the sediment of Blanakan fish ponds. Sediment samples were taken on July and August 2016 at three locations. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) Shimadzu 6300. The result of Lead (Pb) measurement showed that Fish Pond 1 had higher average concentration compared Fish Pond 2 and Fish Pond 3 which was 0.55 ppm. Standard for Lead (Pb) in sediment according to Ontario Sediment Standards (2008) is 31 ppm. Based on Zinc (Zn) measurement, it was known that average of Zinc (Zn) concentration also higher on Fish Pond 1 compared to Fish Pond 2 and 3 which was 1.93 ppm. According to Ontario Sediment Standards (2008), a standard for Zinc (Zn) in sediment is 120 ppm. This indicated that heavy metals in the sediment of fish ponds were below standards. Statistical analysis using t-test showed that there was no significant difference of heavy metals content among fish ponds.

Bazı Kozmetik Ürünlerde Ağır Metal (Pb, Cd Tayini

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Nazan DEMİR

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Özet: İlk insandan bu yana güzel görünmek, güzel kalmak insanlar için son derece önemli olmuştur. Günümüzde de kozmetik ürünlere yoğun bir ilgi vardır. Fakat bu ilgi artışı kozmetik ürünlerin güzelleştirirken, sağlığı tehdit edip etmediği sorusunu gündeme getirmektedir. Çünkü basit bir el kremi bile çok sayıda kimyasal içermekte ve bu kadar kimyasalın bir arada kullanıldığı ürünler, kullanım miktarı ve sıklığına bağlı olarak sağlığı tehdit etme ihtimali taşımaktadır. Bu kimyasallar içerisinde ağır metaller önemli bir yer teşkil etmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç; bazı kozmetik ürünlerdeki ağır metallerin varlığının ve miktarlarının belirlenmesidir. Çalışma çerçevesinde piyasadan temin edilen farklı marka ve renklerde 10 adet saç boyası ve 10 adet ojede Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektroskopi (AAS cihazında grafit fırın tekniği kullanılarak bazı ağır metallerin (Pb, Cd tayini yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre; incelenen saç boyası ve ojelerde Pb ve Cd bulunduğu belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kozmetik, ağır metal, kurşun, kadminyum, saç boyası, oje. Determination of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd in Some Cosmetic Products Abstract: The seem beautiful, staying nice have been extremely important for the people for ages. Today demand for cosmetic products is increasing. But this interest brings up a question that cosmetics are dangerous for health or not. Because even a simple hand cream contains a large number of chemical and this products threaten the health depending on the amount and frequency of use. These chemicals have a high percentage of heavy metals. Purpose of the study, determination of heavy metals and their amounts in some cosmetics. We bought different brands and colored ten hair dyes and ten nail polishes from public market. Then we analyze some heavy metals (Pb, Cd with Atomic Absorbsion Spektrometer (AAS. According to the results we determined lead

Relação entre adsorção de metais pesados e atributos químicos e físicos de classes de solo do Brasil

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W. S. Araújo

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho objetivou avaliar quais parâmetros obtidos dos modelos de isotermas de Freundlich e Langmüir melhor descrevem a adsorção de metais pesados em solos intemperizados e identificar a relação entre os parâmetros selecionados e os atributos químicos, físicos e mineralógicos de 12classes de solo do Brasil. Os solos foram coletados pela EMBRAPA-CNPS em diversos levantamentos nas regiões: Sul, Sudeste e Norte do País. Avaliou-se, por meio da análise de trilha, o desdobramento do coeficiente de correlação entre variáveis dependentes, obtidas através das isotermas de adsorção (parâmetros de adsorção, e variáveis independentes (atributos químicos e físicos do solo, bem como os efeitos diretos e indiretos para os elementos Cd, Cu, Pb e Zn. Os atributos do solo: argila, carbono orgânico, capacidade de troca catiônica efetiva, ferro extraído pelo citrato ditionito-bicarbonato e alumínio extraído pelo ataque sulfúrico foram os que apresentaram maiores coeficientes de correlação simples com os parâmetros de adsorção, tendo sido utilizados no modelo da análise de trilha para explicar a adsorção de metais pesados. A análise de trilha mostrou-se como uma ferramenta importante no estudo do comportamento dos metais pesados no solo. As constantes K F de isotermas de Freudlich e capacidade-tampão máxima (K Lb de Langmuir apresentaram os coeficientes de determinação mais elevados e os menores valores do efeito da variável residual para todos os metais estudados. As variáveis que mais contribuíram com a adsorção de metais pesados foram carbono orgânico, capacidade de troca catiônica efetiva, pH, argila e alumínio total.

Corrosion behavior of Al-Fe-sputtering-coated steel, high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics in high temperature Pb-Bi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abu Khalid, Rivai; Minoru, Takahashi

2007-01-01

Corrosion tests of Al-Fe-coated steel, high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics were carried out in high temperature Pb-Bi at 700 C degrees. Oxygen concentrations in this experiment were 6.8*10 -7 wt.% for Al-Fe-coated steels and 5*10 -6 wt.% for high chromium steels, refractory metals and ceramics. All specimens were immersed in molten Pb-Bi in a corrosion test pot for 1.000 hours. Coating was done with using the unbalanced magnetron sputtering (UBMS) technique to protect the steel from corrosion. Sputtering targets were Al and SUS-304. Al-Fe alloy was coated on STBA26 samples. The Al-Fe alloy-coated layer could be a good protection layer on the surface of steel. The whole of the Al-Fe-coated layer still remained on the base surface of specimen. No penetration of Pb-Bi into this layer and the matrix of the specimen. For high chromium steels i.e. SUS430 and Recloy10, the oxide layer formed in the early time could not prevent the penetration of Pb-Bi into the base of the steels. Refractory metals of tungsten (W) and molybdenum (Mo) had high corrosion resistance with no penetration of Pb-Bi into their matrix. Penetration of Pb-Bi into the matrix of niobium (Nb) was observed. Ceramic materials were SiC and Ti 3 SiC 2 . The ceramic materials of SiC and Ti 3 SiC 2 had high corrosion resistance with no penetration of Pb-Bi into their matrix. (authors)

Solidified structure of Al-Pb-Cu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikeda, Tetsuyuki; Nishi, Seiki; Kumeuchi, Hiroyuki; Tatsuta, Yoshinori.

1986-01-01

Al-Pb-Cu alloys were cast into bars or plates in different two metal mold casting processes in order to suppress gravity segregation of Pb and to achieve homogeneous dispersion of Pb phase in the alloys. Solidified structures were analyzed by a video-pattern-analyzer. Plate castings 15 to 20 mm in thickness of Al-Pb-1 % Cu alloy containing Pb up to 5 % in which Pb phase particles up to 10 μm disperse are achieved through water cooled metal mold casting. The plates up to 5 mm in thickness containing Pb as much as 8 to 10 % cast in this process have dispersed Pb particles up to 5 μm in diameter in the surface layer. Al-8 % Pb-1 % Cu alloy bars 40 mm in diameter and 180 mm in height in which gravity segregation of Pb is prevented can be cast by movable and water sprayed metal mold casting at casting temperature 920 deg C and mold moving speed 1.0 mm/s. Pb phase particles 10 μm in mean size are dispersed in the bars. (author)

Bioaugmentation-assisted phytoextraction of Co, Pb and Zn: an assessment with a phosphate-solubilizing bacterium isolated from metal-contaminated mines of Boryeong Area in South Korea

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Arunakumara, KKIU.

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Description of the subject. Make use of microbes having remarkable metal tolerance and plant growth-promoting abilities to remediate metal-contaminated soils. Objectives. The objectives were to isolate phosphate solubilizing bacterial strain, assess metal (Co, Pb and Zn mobilization potential of the strain and to evaluate the effects of the strain on growth and uptake of metals by Helianthus annuus. Method. A phosphate solubilizing bacterium was isolated from metal-contaminated soils. Heavy metal (Co, Pb and Zn tolerance of the strain was assessed using the agar dilution method. Bacterial-assisted growth promotion and metal uptake by H. annuus was evaluated in a pot experiment. The impact of bacterial inoculation on the mobility of metals in soil was investigated in a batch experiment. Results. The strain showed close proximity with Klebsiella oxytoca JCM1665, according to 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The strain was efficient in solubilizing phosphate, both in the presence and absence of metals. Inoculation of the strain enhanced the growth of H. annuus (49, 22 and 39% respectively in Co, Pb and Zn contaminated soils compared to non-inoculated plants. Accumulation and translocation of Co, Pb and Zn from roots to shoots were also enhanced by the strain. Water soluble fraction of Co, Pb and Zn in soil was increased by 51, 24 and 76% respectively in inoculated soils with regard to those of non-inoculated soils. Conclusions. Taking the plant growth promotion and metal mobilizing potential of the strain into account, practical application of the strain in enhancing phytoextraction of Co, Pb and Zn from contaminated soils could be recommended.

TRATAMIENTO DE LODOS DE FONDO DE LAGUNAS FACULTATIVAS CON ESTABILIZACIÓN EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO

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Jhon Jairo Feria Diaz

Full Text Available En este artículo se muestran los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de estabilización química de lodos de lagunas de estabilización, mediante la adición de cal hidratada común. Se adicionaron en condiciones controladas de laboratorio, dosis de cal al 5 %, 7 %, 9 %, 10 %, 11 %, 12 % y 15 % a una muestra de lodos de fondo de la laguna primaria del sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la ciudad de Montería, Colombia. Se analizaron la peligrosidad del lodo (corrosividad, inflamabilidad y reactividad y las concentraciones de sulfuros, metales pesados (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ag, Pb, Se, coliformes, salmonella, bacterias mesófilas, áscaris y otros helmintos, antes y después de aplicar una dosis optima al 10%. Con esta dosis se logró controlar la reactividad por sulfuros y cianuros, pero no se redujeron las concentraciones de coliformes y de bacterias mesófilas. Algunos metales pesados (Cd, Cr, Hg, Ag, Pb aumentaron luego de la aplicación de la dosis de cal hidratada, aunque las concentraciones halladas no constituyen peligro ambiental, de acuerdo a la normatividad ambiental vigente.

Fatores associados ao uso pesado de álcool entre estudantes das capitais brasileiras Factores asociados al uso pesado de alcohol entre estudiantes de las capitales brasileras Factors associated with heavy alcohol use among students in Brazilian capitals

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José Carlos F Galduróz

2010-04-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre o uso pesado de álcool entre estudantes e os fatores familiares, pessoais e sociais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de dez a 18 anos de escolas públicas de 27 capitais brasileiras, em 2004. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário anônimo, de autopreenchimento, adaptado de instrumento desenvolvido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A amostra representativa, composta por 48.155 estudantes, foi estratificada por setores censitários e por conglomerados (escolas. Associações entre o uso pesado de álcool e os fatores estudados foram analisadas por meio de regressão logística, considerando nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: Do total de estudantes, 4.286 (8,9% fizeram uso pesado de álcool no mês anterior à entrevista. A análise por regressão logística mostrou associação entre relações ruins ou regulares com pai (OR=1,46 e mãe (OR=1,61 e uso pesado de álcool. Seguir uma religião (OR=0,83 mostrou-se inversamente associado a este tipo de consumo de álcool. A prática de esportes e o fato de a mãe se percebida como liberal não mostraram significância no modelo. Houve maior prevalência de uso pesado de álcool entre os estudantes que trabalhavam. CONCLUSÕES: Ligações familiares mais coesas e seguir uma religião podem prevenir o uso abusivo de álcool entre estudantes.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre el uso pesado de alcohol entre estudiantes y los factores familiares, personales y sociales. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado con estudiantes de diez a 18 años de escuelas públicas de 27 capitales brasileras, en 2004. Los datos fueron colectados por medio de cuestionario anónimo, de auto-completación, adaptado de instrumento desarrollado por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. La muestra representativa, compuesta por 48.155 estudiantes, fue estratificada por sectores censitarios y por conglomerados (escuelas. Asociaciones entre

Fractal structures in two-metal electrodeposition systems I: Pb and Zn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakouzi, Elias; Sultan, Rabih

2011-01-01

Pattern formation in two-metal electrochemical deposition has been scarcely explored in the chemical literature. In this paper, we report new experiments on zinc-lead fractal co-deposition. Electrodeposits are grown in special cells at a fixed large value of the zinc ion concentration, while that of the lead ion is increased gradually. A very wide diversity of morphologies are obtained and classified. Most of the deposited domains are almost exclusively Pb or Zn. But certain regions originating at the base cathode, ranging from a short grass alley to dense, grown-up bushes or shrubs, manifest a combined Pb-Zn composition. Composition is determined using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive x ray measurements as well atomic absorption spectroscopy. Pb domains are characterized by shiny leaf-like and dense deposits as well as flowers with round, balloon-like corollas. The Zn zones display a greater variety of morphologies such as thick trunks and thin and fine branching, in addition to minute ''cigar flower'' structures. The various morphologies are analyzed and classified from the viewpoint of fractal nature, characterized by the box-count fractal dimension. Finally, macroscopic spatial alternation between two different characteristic morphologies is observed under certain conditions.

Metais pesados em solos de área de rejeitos de indústria de processamento de zinco

OpenAIRE

M. R. Ribeiro-Filho; N. Curi; J. O. Siqueira; P. E. F. da Motta

1999-01-01

Apesar de a poluição do solo ser amplamente constatada, estudos sobre as concentrações e formas dos metais pesados em solos e seus efeitos no ecossistema são ainda pouco enfatizados, principalmente em condições tropicais. O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em área de rejeitos de uma unidade de extração e industrialização de zinco pertencente à Companhia Mineira de Metais-CMM, em Três Marias (MG), com o objetivo de avaliar as quantidades e formas de metais pesados em sete locais representativo...

Assessment of Individual and Combined Toxicities of Four Non-Essential Metals (As, Cd, Hg and Pb in the Microtox Assay

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Paul B. Tchounwou

2006-03-01

Full Text Available Although most researches with non-essential metals (NEMs have been done with single or individual metals, in reality, organisms are often exposed to multiple contaminants at the same time through the air, food and water. In this study, we tested the toxicity of four NEMs, As, Cd, Pb, and Hg, individually and as a composite mixture using the microtox bioassay. This assay uses the reduction of bioluminescence of the bacterium Vibrio fischeri as a measure of toxicity. The concentrations of each chemical in the mixture were based on multiples of their maximum contaminant levels (MCLs set by the U.S. EPA. The highest concentration of exposure was 20 times the MCL, which translated into 200, 100, 40 and 300 ppb for As, Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively. The ratio for the mixture from these concentrations was 10:5:2:15 for As, Cd, Hg and Pb, respectively. Among the individual metals tested, the ranking of toxicity was Hg>Pb>Cd>As based on the EC50 values of 109, 455, 508 and 768 ppb for Hg, Pb, Cd and As, respectively. The EC50 for the composite mixture was 495% MCL which translated into nominal concentrations of 49, 25, 10 and 74 ppb for As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, respectively. Overall, the EC50 value of each NEM within the mixture was lower than the EC50 of the individual chemical; an evidence of synergism for the mixture. The individual toxic units (TU were 0.06, 0.05, 0.09, and 0.16 for As, Cd Hg, and Pb, respectively and the summed toxic unit (TU was 0.37 (less than 1. This study provides needed scientific data necessary for carrying out complete risk assessment of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb mixtures of some priority compounds.

Metal Halide Perovskite Supercrystals: Gold-Bromide Complex Triggered Assembly of CsPbBr3 Nanocubes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Kun-Hua; Yang, Jun-Nan; Ni, Qian-Kun; Yao, Hong-Bin; Yu, Shu-Hong

2018-01-16

Using nanocrystals as "artificial atoms" to construct supercrystals is an interesting process to explore the stacking style of nanoscale building blocks and corresponding collective properties. Various types of semiconducting supercrystals have been constructed via the assembly of nanocrystals driven by the entropic, electrostatic, or van der Waals interactions. We report a new type of metal halide perovskite supercrystals via the gold-bromide complex triggered assembly of newly emerged attractive CsPbBr 3 nanocubes. Through introducing gold-bromide (Au-Br) complexes into CsPbBr 3 nanocubes suspension, the self-assembly process of CsPbBr 3 nanocubes to form supercrystals was investigated with the different amount of Au-Br complexes added to the suspensions, which indicates that the driven force of the formation of CsPbBr 3 supercrystals included the van der Waals interactions among carbon chains and electrostatic interactions between Au-Br complexes and surfactants. Accordingly, the optical properties change with the assembly of CsPbBr 3 nanocubes and the variation of mesoscale structures of supercrystals with heating treatment was revealed as well, demonstrating the ionic characteristics of CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals. The fabricated CsPbBr 3 supercrystal presents a novel type of semiconducting supercrystals that will open an avenue for the assembly of ionic nanocrystals.

Removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solution by some fungi and natural adsorbents in single and multiple metal systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shoaib, A.; Badar, T.; Aslam, N.

2011-01-01

Six fungal and 10 natural biosorbents were analyzed for their Cu(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) uptake capacity from single, binary and ternary metal ion system. Preliminary screening biosorption of assays revealed 2 fungi (Aspergillus niger and Cunninghamella echinulata) and three natural [Cicer arietinum husk, Moringa oleifera flower and soil (clay)] adsorbents hold considerable high adsorption efficiency and capacity for 3 meta l ions amongst the adsorbents. Further biosorption trials with five elected adsorbents showed a considerable reduction in metal uptake capability of adsorbents in binary- and ternary systems as compared to singly metal system. Cd(II) manifested the highest inhibitory effect on the biosorption of other metal ions, followed by Pb(II) and Cu(II). On account of metal preference, the selectivity order for metal ion towards the studied biomass matrices was Pb(II) (40-90%) > Cd(II) (2-53%) > Cu(II) (2-30%). (author)

Atributos dos solos e riscos de lixiviação de metais pesados em solos tropicais / Soil attributes and risk of leaching of heavy metals in tropical soils

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Milton César Costa Campos

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A influência nociva dos íons metálicos no ecossistema via contaminação das águas, dos solos e consequentemente dos organismos vivos nos últimos anos têm despertado grande interesse na compreensão do comportamento e dos mecanismos de transporte dos metais no solo e em outros compartimentos do ambiente. Sendo assim, o objetivo desta revisão foi discutir aspectos do solo e suas relações com o comportamento dos metais pesados e seus possíveis riscos de lixiviação. É sabido que de maneira geral, os metais pesados comportam-se no solo dependendo dos seguintes atributos, pH, quantidade de matéria orgânica, potencial redox, tipologia e quantidade da argila. Por outro lado, em ecossistemas tropicais, onde predominam solos altamente intemperizados, a movimentação dos metais pesados no perfil do solo é governada principalmente pelo regime hídrico, capacidade de retenção do solo e posição do solo na paisagem. Apesar da importância do tema, os estudos ainda são bastante incipientes e preliminares, necessitando de investigações mais aprofundadas que enfatize as particularidades de cada elemento e suas interações no solo em ecossistemas tropicais, possibilitando o estabelecimento de ações preventivas para evitar a contaminação dos recursos naturais.

Lead (Pb) and other metals in New York City community garden soils: factors influencing contaminant distributions

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, Rebecca G.; Spliethoff, Henry M.; Ribaudo, Lisa N.; Lopp, Donna M.; Shayler, Hannah A.; Marquez-Bravo, Lydia G.; Lambert, Veronique T.; Ferenz, Gretchen S.; Russell-Anelli, Jonathan M.; Stone, Edie B.; McBride, Murray B.

2014-01-01

Urban gardens provide affordable fresh produce to communities with limited access to healthy food but may also increase exposure to lead (Pb) and other soil contaminants. Metals analysis of 564 soil samples from 54 New York City (NYC) community gardens found at least one sample exceeding health-based guidance values in 70% of gardens. However, most samples (78%) did not exceed guidance values, and medians were generally below those reported in NYC soil and other urban gardening studies. Barium (Ba) and Pb most frequently exceeded guidance values and along with cadmium (Cd) were strongly correlated with zinc (Zn), a commonly measured nutrient. Principal component analysis suggested that contaminants varied independently from organic matter and geogenic metals. Contaminants were associated with visible debris and a lack of raised beds; management practices (e.g., importing uncontaminated soil) have likely reduced metals concentrations. Continued exposure reduction efforts would benefit communities already burdened by environmental exposures. PMID:24502997

Lead (Pb) and other metals in New York City community garden soils: factors influencing contaminant distributions.

Science.gov (United States)

Mitchell, Rebecca G; Spliethoff, Henry M; Ribaudo, Lisa N; Lopp, Donna M; Shayler, Hannah A; Marquez-Bravo, Lydia G; Lambert, Veronique T; Ferenz, Gretchen S; Russell-Anelli, Jonathan M; Stone, Edie B; McBride, Murray B

2014-04-01

Urban gardens provide affordable fresh produce to communities with limited access to healthy food but may also increase exposure to lead (Pb) and other soil contaminants. Metals analysis of 564 soil samples from 54 New York City (NYC) community gardens found at least one sample exceeding health-based guidance values in 70% of gardens. However, most samples (78%) did not exceed guidance values, and medians were generally below those reported in NYC soil and other urban gardening studies. Barium (Ba) and Pb most frequently exceeded guidance values and along with cadmium (Cd) were strongly correlated with zinc (Zn), a commonly measured nutrient. Principal component analysis suggested that contaminants varied independently from organic matter and geogenic metals. Contaminants were associated with visible debris and a lack of raised beds; management practices (e.g., importing uncontaminated soil) have likely reduced metals concentrations. Continued exposure reduction efforts would benefit communities already burdened by environmental exposures. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Orbital-exchange and fractional quantum number excitations in an f-electron metal, Yb2Pt2Pb

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Wu, L.S.; Gannon, W.J.; Zaliznyak, I.A.; Tsvelik, A.M.; Brockmann, M.; Caux, J.-S.; Kim, M.S.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J.R.D.; Ehlers, G.; Podlesnyak, A.; Aronson, M.C.

2016-01-01

Exotic quantum states and fractionalized magnetic excitations, such as spinons in one-dimensional chains, are generally expected to occur in 3d transition metal systems with spin 1/2. Our neutron-scattering experiments on the 4f-electron metal Yb2Pt 2 Pb overturn this conventional wisdom. We observe

Crescimento e nodulação de Acacia mangium, Enterolobium contortisiliquum e Sesbania virgata em solo contaminado com metais pesados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. C. B. Trannin

2001-09-01

Full Text Available Um dos desafios atuais da pesquisa é encontrar plantas e microssimbiontes tolerantes e que possibilitem a revegetação de áreas degradadas por excesso de metais pesados. Este experimento foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 1998, em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da UFLA, Lavras (MG, com o objetivo de avaliar a tolerância a metais pesados e a capacidade de estabelecimento de simbiose de rizóbio de diferentes origens com Enterolobium contortisiliquum (tamboril, Acacia mangium (acácia e Sesbania virgata (sesbânia, em misturas de solos, que continham proporções de solo contaminado (PSC: (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60% v/v com Zn, Cd, Pb e Cu (18.600, 135, 600 e 596 mg dm-3, extraídos por aqua regia, respectivamente, diluído em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Estirpes recomendadas (E e isolados de solo contaminado (ISC e de solo não contaminado (ISNC, cuja tolerância a Cu, Cd e Zn foi determinada previamente "in vitro", foram inoculados. O aumento da PSC nas misturas inibiu o crescimento vegetativo, a produção de matéria seca e a nodulação das três espécies. A simbiose tamboril-BR4406 foi a mais tolerante e acácia-BR3617 a mais sensível à contaminação do solo. Os ISC que foram mais tolerantes "in vitro" formaram nódulos eficientes em solo sem contaminação, mas foram ineficientes em solos contaminados. Na PSC 15% (Zn = 750; Cd = 22,1; Pb = 65,1 e Cu = 111 mg dm-3 extraídos por DTPA a atividade específica da nitrogenase aumentou 5 e 10 vezes em relação ao solo sem contaminação para as simbioses sesbânia-BR5401 e tamboril-BR4406, respectivamente. A tolerância de rizóbio a metais "in vitro" não correspondeu à tolerância da simbiose em solo contaminado.

Bioavailability and uptake of smelter emissions in freshwater zooplankton in northeastern Washington, USA lakes using Pb isotope analysis and trace metal concentrations.

Science.gov (United States)

Child, A W; Moore, B C; Vervoort, J D; Beutel, M W

2018-07-01

The upper Columbia River and associated valley systems are highly contaminated with metal wastes from nearby smelting operations in Trail, British Columbia, Canada (Teck smelter), and to a lesser extent, Northport, Washington, USA (Le Roi smelter). Previous studies have investigated depositional patterns of airborne emissions from these smelters, and documented the Teck smelter as the primary metal contamination source. However, there is limited research directed at whether these contaminants are bioavailable to aquatic organisms. This study investigates whether smelter derived contaminants are bioavailable to freshwater zooplankton. Trace metal (Zn, Cd, As, Sb, Pb and Hg) concentrations and Pb isotope compositions of zooplankton and sediment were measured in lakes ranging from 17 to 144 km downwind of the Teck smelter. Pb isotopic compositions of historic ores used by both smelters are uniquely less radiogenic than local geologic formations, so when zooplankton assimilate substantial amounts of smelter derived metals their compositions deviate from local baseline compositions toward ore compositions. Sediment metal concentrations and Pb isotope compositions in sediment follow significant (p < 0.001) negative exponential and sigmoidal patterns, respectively, as distance from the Teck smelting operation increases. Zooplankton As, Cd, and Sb contents were related to distance from the Teck smelter (p < 0.05), and zooplankton Pb isotope compositions suggest As, Cd, Sb and Pb from historic and current smelter emissions are biologically available to zooplankton. Zooplankton from lakes within 86 km of the Teck facility display isotopic evidence that legacy ore pollution is biologically available for assimilation. However, without water column data our study is unable to determine if legacy contaminants are remobilized from lake sediments, or erosional pathways from the watershed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb) content in two fish species of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

GREGORY

2010-09-13

Sep 13, 2010 ... Water pollution and fish physiology. CRC press. Florida, USA, p. 245. Kalay M, Canli M (2000). Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and nonessential (Cd, Pb) metals from tissue of a freshwater fish Tilapia zillii following and uptake protocol. Turk. J. Zool. 24: 429-436. Karadede H, Ünlü E (2000). Concentrations ...

Anomalous metal concentrations in soil and till at the Ballinalack Zn-Pb deposit, Ireland

Science.gov (United States)

Kalveram, Ann-Kristin; McClenaghan, Seán H.; Kamber, Balz S.

2017-04-01

Metals such as zinc, iron, arsenic and lead are commonly found in low concentrations within soils. These signatures may occur as a result of natural dispersion from metal-bearing geological formations and (or) from anthropogenic sources. Prior to investigating any high or anomalous concentrations of metals in the surficial environment, it is important to reconcile potential sources of metals and verify whether element anomalies are in response to buried mineralization. Here we show how to distinguish true elevated concentrations from naturally occurring variations within a soil system. The research area is situated above the limestone-hosted Ballinalack Zn-Pb deposit in the central Irish Midlands. To investigate the pedogenesis and its related geochemical signature, top of the till and the BC soil horizon were sampled. Although the area can be described as pasture land, it does not preclude previous anthropogenic influences from former agricultural use and local small scale peat harvesting. For the soil BC horizon as well as in the top of the till, aqua regia-digestible element concentrations vary significantly and locally reach anomalous levels: Zn (median: 104 ppm; range: 27 - 13150 ppm), Pb (median: 16 ppm; range: 2 - 6430 ppm), As (median: 7.7 ppm; range: 1.4 - 362 ppm), Ag (median: 0.12 ppm; range: 0.04 - 19.9 ppm), Ba (median: 40 ppm; range: 10 - 1230 ppm), Cd (median: 1.5 ppm; range: 0.2 - 68 ppm), Co (median: 7.3 ppm; range: 0.5 - 22 ppm), Ni (median: 37 ppm; range: 3 - 134 ppm), Fe (median: 17900 ppm; range: 5000 - 52300 ppm), Ga (median: 2.4 ppm; range: 0.3 - 7.6 ppm), Sb (median: 1.2 ppm; range: 0.1 - 197 ppm) and Tl (median: 0.3 ppm; range: 0.02 - 8.6 ppm). Comparison with background levels from the area and grouped according to underlying geology, enrichment factor calculations (against Nb and Zr) indicate an elemental response to metalliferous-bearing bedrock. These results confirm that soil anomalies of Zn, Pb, As, Ag, Ba, Cd, Ni, Sb and Tl, are

Solar photocatalytic removal of Cu(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II): Speciation modeling of metal-citric acid complexes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kabra, Kavita; Chaudhary, Rubina; Sawhney, R.L.

2008-01-01

The present study is targeted on solar photocatalytic removal of metal ions from wastewater. Photoreductive deposition and dark adsorption of metal ions Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), using solar energy irradiated TiO 2 , has been investigated. Citric acid has been used as a hole scavenger. Modeling of metal species has been performed and speciation is used as a tool for discussing the photodeposition trends. Ninety-seven percent reductive deposition was obtained for copper. The deposition values of other metals were significantly low [nickel (36.4%), zinc (22.2%) and lead (41.4%)], indicating that the photocatalytic treatment process, using solar energy, was more suitable for wastewater containing Cu(II) ions. In absence of citric acid, the decreasing order deposition was Cu(II) > Ni(II) > Pb(II) > Zn(II), which proves the theoretical thermodynamic predictions about the metals

Pb(II) and Hg(II) binding to $\\textit{de novo}$ designed proteins studied by $^{204m}$Pb- and $^{199m}$Hg-Perturbed Angular Correlation of $\\gamma$-rays (PAC) spectroscopy : Clues to heavy metal toxicity

CERN Multimedia

2002-01-01

$\\textit{De novo}$ design of proteins combined with PAC spectroscopy offers a unique and powerful approach to the study of fundamental chemistry of heavy metal-protein interactions, and thus of the mechanisms underlying heavy metal toxicity. In this project we focus on Pb(II) and Hg(II) binding to designed three stranded coiled coil proteins with one or two binding sites, mimicking a variety of naturally occurring thiolate-rich metal ion binding sites in proteins. The $^{204m}$Pb- and $^{199m}$Hg-PAC experiments will complement data already recorded with EXAFS, NMR, UV-Vis and CD spectroscopies.

Desarrollo de membranas de quitosano y diseño de un equipo para la eliminación de metales pesados del agua Chitosan membrane development and design of equipment for the removal of heavy metals from water

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús Mora Molina

2012-11-01

Full Text Available El presente estudio comparó la eficiencia de la filtración con membranas de quitosano 1,75% m/v, entrecruzadas con glutaraldehído (0,08% m/v y sin entrecruzar, para estimar la capacidad de remoción de iones de cadmio, cromo y cobre de disoluciones modelo. Además, se diseñó un equipo de bajo costo para la experimentación con las membranas elaboradas. La finalidad de la investigación era emplear materiales biodegradables para remover metales pesados de aguas, mediante una técnica de bajo consumo energético y, por otra parte, generar soluciones baratas, efectivas y aplicables a problemas específicos. Se elaboraron dos fichas técnicas con información sobre las membranas y se encontró que el cromo fue el metal removido en mayor medida por las membranas entrecruzadas, ajustándose al modelo de isoterma de Freundlich. Sin embargo, no se encontró relación entre el tamaño de poro de las membranas y el grado de entrecruzamiento.A filtration technique with 1,75% m/v chitosan membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (0,08% v/v was used to quantify the removal capacity of chromium, copper and cadmium ions from water. A simple and low cost filtration system was developed to use with prepared membranes.The main goal was to use biodegradable materials for removing heavy metals from water, through a low energy consumption, cheap, and specific method.As a result, two data sheets were prepared for the membranes. It was found out that chromium was the metal with the highest removal from water, by using a crosslinked membrane. Metal adsorption was best adjusted to the Freundlich isotherm model, better than Langmuir isotherm model.However, it was found no correlation between pore size and crosslinking degree.

Mobilidade de metais pesados em solo tratado com resíduo siderúrgico ácido

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N. M. B. Amaral Sobrinho

1998-06-01

Full Text Available Amostras do horizonte Bt de um Podzólico Vermelho-Amarelo (PV, predominante no aterro-piloto de resíduos industriais (ARSI da Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN, foram acondicionadas, em 1992, em colunas de vidro com 5,4 cm de diâmetro e 37 cm de altura. Sobre essas amostras de solo foram colocadas amostras de um resíduo ácido da CSN na proporção solo-resíduo de 4:1 (conforme a concepção básica do projeto do ARSI. Tal sistema resíduo-solo foi lixiviado com 50 volumes-poro de água deionizada, com pH 4,5, com o objetivo de avaliar a movimentação de Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd e Pb nas colunas. Depois da lixiviação, removeu-se o resíduo do topo das colunas, e seccionaram-se as amostras de solo em 4 partes iguais. Os metais pesados das amostras do resíduo e do solo foram extraídos seqüencialmente. 0 Pb, Cu e Cr mobilizados do resíduo ficaram retidos nos primeiros 5 cm da coluna de solo. 0 Zn, Mn, Ni e Cd tiveram aumento da concentração em profundidade. Nos efluentes das colunas com o resíduo, foram observadas concentrações de Mn e Ni bem superiores aos padrões permitidos pela Fundação Estadual de Engenharia do Meio Ambiente (FEEMA, 1985.

Quantifying sediment-associated metal dispersal using Pb isotopes: Application of binary and multivariate mixing models at the catchment-scale

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bird, Graham; Brewer, Paul A.; Macklin, Mark G.; Nikolova, Mariyana; Kotsev, Tsvetan; Mollov, Mihail; Swain, Catherine

2010-01-01

In this study Pb isotope signatures were used to identify the provenance of contaminant metals and establish patterns of downstream sediment dispersal within the River Maritsa catchment, which is impacted by the mining of polymetallic ores. A two-fold modelling approach was undertaken to quantify sediment-associated metal delivery to the Maritsa catchment; employing binary mixing models in tributary systems and a composite fingerprinting and mixing model approach in the wider Maritsa catchment. Composite fingerprints were determined using Pb isotopic and multi-element geochemical data to characterize sediments delivered from tributary catchments. Application of a mixing model allowed a quantification of the percentage contribution of tributary catchments to the sediment load of the River Maritsa. Sediment delivery from tributaries directly affected by mining activity contributes 42-63% to the sediment load of the River Maritsa, with best-fit regression relationships indicating that sediments originating from mining-affected tributaries are being dispersed over 200 km downstream. - Pb isotopic evidence used to quantify sediment-associated metal delivery within a mining-affected river catchment.

Depuration Study of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) and Copper (Cu) in Green Mussels Perna viridis through Continues-discontinues and Acid Extraction Methods

Science.gov (United States)

Budiawan; Bakri, Ridla; Cahaya Dani, Intan; Handayani, Sri; Ade Kurnia Putri, Rizki; Tamala, Riska

2018-01-01

Green mussel or Perna viridis is filter feeder, which is very susceptible to heavy metals. It takes an effort to release heavy metal contents on the green shell, one of method that can be used to release heavy metal from green shell is depuration proccess. In this research, the depuration process was conducted by continues method of depuration, discontinues method by using various kind of water and acid extraction. The optimum time of continues depuration method is 1.5 hours, with circulation speed 250 L/h and result of Pb metal content decreased is equal to 30.048% and 29.748% for Cu. In the discontinues method, the optimum result was reached at 100oC by using PAM water as the media at 3 h immersion period with decrease of Pb metal content 35.001% and Cu metal content 39.015%. In the acid extraction method, the optimum condition was achieved by 11% acetic acid solvent with decreasing of Pb and Cu levels are 88.224% and 76.298%. For the determination of protein content, the decrease of protein content obtained by treatment with 11% acetic acid extract showed decrease of protein content 36.656% with Kjeldahl method.

Determinação de metais em corantes alimentícios artificiais = Determination of metals in food dyes products

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cleber Antonio Lindino

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Em razão da grande utilização de corantes alimentícios artificiais nos mais diferentes produtos, o controle de qualidade se torna imprescindível. Um dos problemas que pode estar presente, nestes corantes, é o teor elevado de metais tóxicos em sua composição, provenientes da contaminação da síntese da matéria-prima ou do processo de manufatura. Neste trabalho, os corantes em solução foram caracterizados por espectrofotometria na região do visível e ultravioleta. Posteriormente, foram determinados os metais Pb, Cd, Al, Cr e As, em soluções aquo-alcóolicas de corantes artificiais, vendidas comercialmente. Foram encontrados todos metais pesados tóxicos estudados nas amostras de dois diferentes lotes de corantes, com alto coeficiente de variação, com o As excedendo os limites legais em um dos lotes.Synthetic food dyes is the most additives using in food products in high concentration more time, in that the quality control is indispensable. The concentration of toxic metals in most of productsexceeded the limit of legislation, due to contamination by raw material or manufacturing process. This paper was determinate Pb, Cd, Al, Cr and As in solutions of synthetic food dyes. All of these metals were determinated with high variation coefficient.

Characteristics of Heavy Metals Adsorption Cu, Pb and Cd Using Synthetics Zeolite Zsm-5

OpenAIRE

Priyadi,; Iskandar,; Suwardi,; Mukti, Rino Rakhmata

2015-01-01

It is generally known that zeolite has potential for heavy metal adsorption. The objectives of this study were to synthesize and characterize zeolite ZSM-5 and to figure out the adsorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 for heavy metals of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+. Characterization of zeolite ZSM-5 included some variables i.e. crystal structure (XRD), morphology (SEM), specific surface area and total pore volume (N2 physisorption). Adsorption capacity of zeolite ZSM-5 was analysed using a batch system...

Macrocyclic receptor showing extremely high Sr(II)/Ca(II) and Pb(II)/Ca(II) selectivities with potential application in chelation treatment of metal intoxication.

Science.gov (United States)

Ferreirós-Martínez, Raquel; Esteban-Gómez, David; Tóth, Éva; de Blas, Andrés; Platas-Iglesias, Carlos; Rodríguez-Blas, Teresa

2011-04-18

Herein we report a detailed investigation of the complexation properties of the macrocyclic decadentate receptor N,N'-Bis[(6-carboxy-2-pyridil)methyl]-4,13-diaza-18-crown-6 (H(2)bp18c6) toward different divalent metal ions [Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Sr(II), and Ca(II)] in aqueous solution. We have found that this ligand is especially suited for the complexation of large metal ions such as Sr(II) and Pb(II), which results in very high Pb(II)/Ca(II) and Pb(II)/Zn(II) selectivities (in fact, higher than those found for ligands widely used for the treatment of lead poisoning such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta)), as well as in the highest Sr(II)/Ca(II) selectivity reported so far. These results have been rationalized on the basis of the structure of the complexes. X-ray crystal diffraction, (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, as well as theoretical calculations at the density functional theory (B3LYP) level have been performed. Our results indicate that for large metal ions such as Pb(II) and Sr(II) the most stable conformation is Δ(δλδ)(δλδ), while for Ca(II) our calculations predict the Δ(λδλ)(λδλ) form being the most stable one. The selectivity that bp18c6(2-) shows for Sr(II) over Ca(II) can be attributed to a better fit between the large Sr(II) ions and the relatively large crown fragment of the ligand. The X-ray crystal structure of the Pb(II) complex shows that the Δ(δλδ)(δλδ) conformation observed in solution is also maintained in the solid state. The Pb(II) ion is endocyclically coordinated, being directly bound to the 10 donor atoms of the ligand. The bond distances to the donor atoms of the pendant arms (2.55-2.60 Å) are substantially shorter than those between the metal ion and the donor atoms of the crown moiety (2.92-3.04 Å). This is a typical situation observed for the so-called hemidirected compounds, in which the Pb(II) lone pair is stereochemically active. The X-ray structures of the Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes show that

Chronotoxicity of contaminants (etanol and hezvy metales) in a freshwater teleost Dario rerio (Hamilton, 1882) and marine amphipods Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, 1931) and Gammarus chevreuxi (Sexton, 1913) = Cronotixicidad de contaminantes (etanol y metales pesados) en el teleósteo de agua dulce Dario rerio (Hamilton, 1822) y los antípodos marinos, Gammarus aequicauda (Martynov, 1931) y Gammarus chevreuxi (Sexton, 1913)

OpenAIRE

Bello Marín, Carolina

2015-01-01

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos del etanol y metales pesados (cadmio y mercurio) en los patrones diarios de dos especies acuáticas clave: pez cebra (Darío rerio) y anfípodo gammarus (G. aequicauda y G. chevreuxi). La investigación se realizó en dos niveles organizativos: comportamental y molecular. Con este fin, hemos establecido cuatro objetivos específicos: 1. Investigar los efectos al etanol en el pez cebra en función en su ritmo circadiano. 2. Determinar la exi...

Fate of Heavy Metals Pb and Zn in the West Season at Jeneberang Estuary, Makassar

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Najamuddin .

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The pollutant quantity of heavy metals entering water environment does not give complete answer toward the generated effect and risk, however it needs thoroughly study related to the pollutant dynamic. The aim of this research was to investigate the fate of Pb and Zn in water, such as: distribution, behavior, and reactivity (case study: Jeneberang Estuary, Makassar. Pb and Zn concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS. The distribution of dissolved Pb and Zn showed a pattern that the lowest concentration was in the fresh water (the river zone, whereas the highest concentration was in the salt water (the marine zone. The distribution pattern of particulate Pb and Zn showed that the highest concentration was in the fresh water (the river zone and the salt water (the marine zone, whereas the lowest concentration was in the estuary zone. The behavior of dissolved Pb and Zn tended to increase the concentration (desorption along the increased salinity gradient. The residual fraction was the dominant component of geochemical fractions in the sediment that indicated the sources of Pb and Zn mainly derived from a natural process and the reactivity was low in the water.   Keywords: distribution, behavior, reactivity, lead, zinc, pollution

Modelamiento del flujo y transporte de metales pesado en acuífero superior de la zona urbana de la parroquia de San Carlos provincia de Orellana a través de la caracterización In Situ del subsuelo y de las aguas subterráneas someras

OpenAIRE

Bonifaz García, Hugo Fabián

2015-01-01

Se sabe que algunos acuíferos Oriente Ecuatoriano están contaminados con metales pesados provenientes de los hidrocarburos de la industria petrolera, por lo que en las zonas rurales cercanas a los campos explotación de petróleo, los colonos beben agua subterránea contaminada. La parroquia de San Carlos, provincia de Orellana, ha sido objeto de varios estudios relacionados con la contaminación por petróleo y las enfermedades asociadas. No obstante, ninguno de los estudios incluyó el análisis d...

CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS IN PB AND ZN CONCENTRATES OF TREPÇA (KOSOVO AND CORRELATIONS COEFFI CIENTS STUDY BETWEEN CHEMICAL DATA

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Fatbardh Gashi

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Kosovo ore deposits are located in the Trepça belt which extends for over 80 km. The concentrate produced by the flotation process of the Trepça metallurgical corporation contains a considerable quantity of valuable metals, such as Pb, Zn, Fe and minor accompanying metals such as Cd, Cu, As, Sb, Bi, Ag, Au, etc. The subject of this work was to assess the concentration of major and minor metals in lead and zinc concentrates of Trepça and to study the correlation coefficients between metals. Chemical determination of concentrates was performed by using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS. In the content on lead concentrate samples, the following were found: Pb>Fe>Zn> Ag> As>Sb>Cd. In the content of zinc concentrate, the following were found: Zn>Fe>Pb>Ag>As>Cd. The program “Statistica ver. 6.0” has been used for calculations of basic statistical parameters, relationships between data and cluster analysis of R-mode. R-mode cluster analysis on lead concentrate samples showed that Pb has the closest linkages with Fe and they form one branch of the dendogram. On the zinc concentrate samples, Zn has the closest linkages with Fe and they form one branch of the dendogram.

Study of heavy metal concentration (As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, Crin water resources and river of Borujerd city in 2008-2009

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bahram kamarehei

2010-02-01

Full Text Available with industrial and economic growth and different material production that humans gained from natural resources for their comfort and walfare, inwardly introduced toxic material and heavy metal entered environment that there created serious problems for themselves and environment. This study accomplished to determine heavy metal concentration (As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, Crin water resources and river of Borujerd city in 2008-2009. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to determine heavy metal concentration (As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr in water resources and river of Borujerd city. 54 samples of water were taken from 18 drinking water wells, and also in two times 8 samples of Borujerd river were taken from before and after the city. Then samples carried into the lab and were concentrated ten times using expressed methods and standard methods. Then heavy metal concentration determined by AAP (WFX 130 and results analyzed by SPSS and EXCEL software. Results: Heavy metal concentration average (As, Ba, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr in drinking water wells were 0. 0, 0. 3222, 0. 0014, 0. 0002, 0. 0077 mg/l respectively. and heavy metal concentration in river water after the city has been increased than before the city. Conclusion: Results indicated that heavy metal concentration average in Borujerd drinking water wells were lower than standard amounts and drinking water wells didn’t pollute with heavy metal. But heavy metal concentration in river water after the city has been increased than the before of it because city waste water enters the city river.

Electrochemical study and recovery of Pb using 1:2 choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent: A variety of Pb species PbSO4, PbO2, and PbO exhibits the analogous thermodynamic behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liao, Yu-Shun; Chen, Po-Yu; Sun, I-Wen

2016-01-01

Water-insoluble PbSO 4 , PbO 2 , and PbO are fairly soluble in choline chloride/urea deep eutectic solvent (ChCl/urea DES) in 1:2 molar ratio. Very interestingly, solution prepared from PbO 2 exhibits the almost identical electrochemical behavior as those from PbSO 4 and PbO, indicating that Pb(II) is formed in the DES regardless of what Pb compound is introduced. The electrochemical reduction of the Pb(II) species is determined as an irreversible process, and involves the three-dimensional (3D) instantaneous nucleation with diffusion-controlled growth. From the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on temperature, the activation energy for diffusion of PbSO 4 and PbO 2 is determined to be 33.7 and 34.1 kJ mol −1 , respectively. Electrodeposition of Pb was achieved potentiostatically and galvanostatically. The surface morphology of Pb deposits significantly depends on the applied potential and current. The coulombic efficiency of Pb electrodeposition is higher than 90%. Electrodeposition of Pb from a wet DES containing a mixture of three different Pb sources is also investigated. The XRD analysis confirmed that the electrodeposits consisted of metallic Pb.

Silicato de cálcio como amenizante da toxidez de metais pesados em mudas de eucalipto

OpenAIRE

Accioly,Adriana Maria de Aguiar; Soares,Cláudio Roberto Fonsêca Sousa; Siqueira,José Oswaldo

2009-01-01

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do silicato de cálcio na redução da toxidez de metais pesados no solo para Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Foram utilizadas cinco doses de silicato de cálcio (0, 1,6, 3,2, 4,8 e 6,4 g kg-1), em solos com diferentes graus de contaminação. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos com 1,5 kg de solo, com uma muda por vaso, em esquema fatorial 4x5 (quatro graus de contaminação x cinco doses de silicato). O silicato de cálcio reduziu a toxidez de metais pesados...

Immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Zn in a contaminated soil using eggshell and banana stem amendments: metal leachability and a sequential extraction study.

Science.gov (United States)

Ashrafi, Mehrnaz; Mohamad, Sharifah; Yusoff, Ismail; Shahul Hamid, Fauziah

2015-01-01

Heavy-metal-contaminated soil is one of the major environmental pollution issues all over the world. In this study, two low-cost amendments, inorganic eggshell and organic banana stem, were applied to slightly alkaline soil for the purpose of in situ immobilization of Pb, Cd, and Zn. The artificially metal-contaminated soil was treated with 5% eggshell or 10% banana stem. To simulate the rainfall conditions, a metal leaching experiment for a period of 12 weeks was designed, and the total concentrations of the metals in the leachates were determined every 2 weeks. The results from the metal leaching analysis revealed that eggshell amendment generally reduced the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the leachates, whereas banana stem amendment was effective only on the reduction of Cd concentration in the leachates. A sequential extraction analysis was carried out at the end of the experiment to find out the speciation of the heavy metals in the amended soils. Eggshell amendment notably decreased mobility of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the soil by transforming their readily available forms to less accessible fractions. Banana stem amendment also reduced exchangeable form of Cd and increased its residual form in the soil.

Pressure-Induced Metallization of the Halide Perovskite (CH ₃ NH ₃ )PbI ₃

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaffe, Adam; Lin, Yu [Photon; Mao, Wendy L. [Photon; Karunadasa, Hemamala I.

2017-03-10

We report the metallization of the hybrid perovskite semiconductor (MA)PbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) with no apparent structural transition. We tracked its bandgap evolution during compression in diamond-anvil cells using absorption spectroscopy and observed strong absorption over both visible and IR wavelengths at pressures above ca. 56 GPa, suggesting the imminent closure of its optical bandgap. The metallic character of (MA)PbI3 above 60 GPa was confirmed using both IR reflectivity and variable-temperature dc conductivity measurements. The impressive semiconductor properties of halide perovskites have recently been exploited in a multitude of optoelectronic applications. Meanwhile, the study of metallic properties in oxide perovskites has revealed diverse electronic phenomena. Importantly, the mild synthetic routes to halide perovskites and the templating effects of the organic cations allow for fine structural control of the inorganic lattice. Pressure-induced closure of the 1.6 eV bandgap in (MA)PbI3 demonstrates the promise of the continued study of halide perovskites under a range of thermodynamic conditions, toward realizing wholly new electronic properties.

SPESIASI DAN BIOAVAILABILITAS LOGAM Pb DALAM SEDIMEN DI KAWASAN PESISIR SANUR

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Sri Dian Meita Sari

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Total content of Pb metal in sediments has been reported or published frequently, but it could not provide information about various forms of metals contained in sediments and did not show the true metal concentrations involved in the process of bioaccumulation by organisms. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the bioavailability of Pb metal and speciation the metal in various forms or compounds existing in the sediments. A quantitative analysis of total metal content, Pb in the sediments was initiated performing the digestion method using the mixture of HNO3 and HCl (3:1 in ultrasonic bath at 60 0C for 45 minutes, and continued heating on a hotplate for another 45 minutes at 140 0C. Moreover, analysis of Pb metals as bioavailability fraction was perfomed by single extraction method of EDTA and HCl, while for metal speciation fractions on each phase using Sequential Extraction Technique. Consequently, the metal concentrations of digestion and extraction solutions were measured by using an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS technique with the aplication of calibration method. The total concentrations of Pb in sediments collected from Sanur Beach ranged from 139,9945 to 260,1521 mg/kg. The highest bioavailability of Pb obtained in sediments at site II (Sindhu Beach, in which the Pb extracted from sediments was 21.44%. Generally, the Pb metal associated in the sediments at Sanur Beach was bounded in oxidisable organic fraction (2.08 – 3.50%.

Immobilisation of Cu, Pb and Zn in Scrap Metal Yard Soil Using Selected Waste Materials.

Science.gov (United States)

Kamari, A; Putra, W P; Yusoff, S N M; Ishak, C F; Hashim, N; Mohamed, A; Isa, I M; Bakar, S A

2015-12-01

Immobilisation of heavy metals in a 30-year old active scrap metal yard soil using three waste materials, namely coconut tree sawdust (CTS), sugarcane bagasse (SB) and eggshell (ES) was investigated. The contaminated soil was amended with amendments at application rates of 0 %, 1 % and 3 % (w/w). The effects of amendments on metal accumulation in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) and soil metal bioavailability were studied in a pot experiment. All amendments increased biomass yield and reduced metal accumulation in the plant shoots. The bioconcentration factor and translocation factor values of the metals were in the order of Zn > Cu > Pb. The addition of ES, an alternative source of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), has significantly increased soil pH and resulted in marked reduction in soil metal bioavailability. Therefore, CTS, SB and ES are promising low-cost immobilising agents to restore metal contaminated land.

Aplicación de técnicas robóticas al adelantamiento entre vehículos pesados

OpenAIRE

Agüero, Carlos; Gómez Gómez, Víctor Manuel; Matellán Olivera, Vicente; Martín Rico, Francisco; Barrera González, Pablo; Cañas, José María

2007-01-01

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la aplicación de técnicas desarrolladas en el campo de la robótica móvil al terreno de los vehículos pesados. En concreto, se presenta la aplicación de sensores y algoritmos de origen robótico a un sistema de adelantamiento entre vehículos pesados. Con este sistema se persigue agilizar esta maniobra aumentando la fluidez del tráfico y mejorando la seguridad.  El sistema descrito utiliza una serie de sensores distribuidos por el ve...

Evaluación ambiental del río San Juan de Santiago de Cuba por exposición bioacumulativa a metales pesados Environmental evaluation of San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba due to bioaccumulative exposure to heavy metals

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George Argota Pérez

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Se evaluó la salud ambiental del río San Juan de Santiago de Cuba, expuesto a metales pesados, mediante la utilización de la especie biorreguladora Gambusia punctata. Se analizaron 271 individuos adultos clasificados por sexo, para lo cual se escogieron los intervalos de clases de edades 2,1-3,0 y 3,1-4,0 cm, según la longitud total, respectivamente. La mezcla ácida aplicada estuvo compuesta por ácido perclórico - ácido sulfúrico; (7:1 ácido nítrico para determinar los niveles bioacumulados en hígado, branquias y cerebro como órganos diana. Los metales analizados: cobre, zinc, plomo y cadmio, se cuantificaron mediante espectrometría por plasma inductivamente acoplado con vista axial. Se hallaron diferencias significativas (pThe environmental health of San Juan river in Santiago de Cuba, exposed to heavy metals was evaluated by means of the bioregulatory species Gambusia punctata. Two hundred and seventy five adults were analyzed and classified by sex, for whom the intervals of age classes 2.1-3.0 and 3.1-4.0 cm were chosen, according to the total longitude, respectively. The applied acid mixture was composed by perchloric acid - sulphuric acid; (7:1 nitric acid to determine the bioaccumulated levels in liver, branchiae and brain as target organs. The analyzed metals: copper, zinc, lead and cadmium, were quantified by means of spectrometry by plasma inductively coupled with axial view. There were significant differences (p <0.05 in the bioaccumulated values between intervals and sexes. It was concluded that the levels of bioaccumulated heavy metals overcame the permissible values, so that they represent an environmental risk in the quality of those waters.

Enhanced desorption of PCB and trace metal elements (Pb and Cu) from contaminated soils by saponin and EDDS mixed solution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cao, Menghua; Hu, Yuan; Sun, Qian; Wang, Linling; Chen, Jing; Lu, Xiaohua

2013-01-01

This study investigated the simultaneous desorption of trace metal elements and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) from mixed contaminated soil with a novel combination of biosurfactant saponin and biodegradable chelant S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS). Results showed significant promotion and synergy on Pb, Cu and PCB desorption with the mixed solution of saponin and EDDS. The maximal desorption of Pb, Cu and PCB were achieved 99.8%, 85.7% and 45.7%, respectively, by addition of 10 mM EDDS and 3000 mg L −1 saponin. The marked interaction between EDDS and saponin contributed to the synergy performance. The sorption of EDDS and saponin on soil was inhibited by each other. EDDS could enhance the complexation of metals with the saponin micelles and the solubilization capabilities of saponin micelles for PCB. Our study suggests the combination of saponin and EDDS would be a promising alternative for remediation of co-contaminated soils caused by hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and metals. -- Highlights: ► A novel combination of biosurfactant saponin and EDDS was used to simultaneously remove mixed contaminations from soil. ► Significant synergy on Pb, Cu and PCB desorption were achieved with EDDS/saponin. ► The marked interaction between EDDS and saponin contributed to the synergy performance. -- Significant synergistic effect on Pb, Cu and PCB desorption were achieved with the mixed solution of saponin and EDDS

Subcellular partitioning of non-essential trace metals (Ag, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Tl) in livers of American (Anguilla rostrata) and European (Anguilla anguilla) yellow eels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rosabal, Maikel [Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS–ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9 (Canada); Pierron, Fabien [Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence (France); CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence (France); Couture, Patrice [Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS–ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9 (Canada); Baudrimont, Magalie [Université de Bordeaux, UMR EPOC CNRS 5805, F-33400 Talence (France); CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33400 Talence (France); Hare, Landis [Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS–ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9 (Canada); Campbell, Peter G.C., E-mail: peter.campbell@ete.inrs.ca [Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau Terre et Environnement (INRS–ETE), 490 de la Couronne, Québec (Québec) G1K 9A9 (Canada)

2015-03-15

Highlights: • Handling of hepatic metals consistently involved cytosolic, thermostable ligands. • Granule-like fractions are also involved in the detoxification of Ni, Pb, and Tl. • Despite these sequestration mechanisms, metal detoxification is incomplete. • Along the metal gradient, concentrations increase in metal-sensitive fractions. • This increase could represent a toxicological risk for the yellow eels. - Abstract: We determined the intracellular compartmentalization of the trace metals Ag, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Tl in the livers of yellow eels collected from the Saint Lawrence River system in Canada (Anguilla rostrata) and in the area of the Gironde estuary in France (Anguilla anguilla). Differential centrifugation, NaOH digestion and thermal shock were used to separate eel livers into putative “sensitive” fractions (heat-denatured proteins, mitochondria and microsomes + lysosomes) and detoxified metal fractions (heat-stable peptides/proteins and granules). The cytosolic heat-stable fraction (HSP) was consistently involved in the detoxification of all trace metals. In addition, granule-like structures played a complementary role in the detoxification of Ni, Pb, and Tl in both eel species. However, these detoxification mechanisms were not completely effective because increasing trace metal concentrations in whole livers were accompanied by significant increases in the concentrations of most trace metals in “sensitive” subcellular fractions, that is, mitochondria, heat-denatured cytosolic proteins and microsomes + lysosomes. Among these “sensitive” fractions, mitochondria were the major binding sites for As, Cd, Pb, and Tl. This accumulation of non-essential metals in “sensitive” fractions likely represents a health risk for eels inhabiting the Saint Lawrence and Gironde environments.

Distribution and speciation of metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in agricultural and non-agricultural soils near a stream upriver from the Pearl River, China

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Silin; Zhou, Dequn; Yu, Huayong; Wei, Rong; Pan, Bo

2013-01-01

The distribution and chemical speciation of typical metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in agricultural and non-agricultural soils were investigated in the area of Nanpan River, upstream of the Pearl River. The investigated four metals showed higher concentrations in agricultural soils than in non-agricultural soils, and the site located in factory district contained metals much higher than the other sampling sites. These observations suggested that human activities, such as water irrigation, fertilizer and pesticide applications might have a major impact on the distribution of metals. Metal speciation analysis presented that Cu, Zn and Cd were dominated by the residual fraction, while Pb was dominated by the reducible fraction. Because of the low mobility of the metals in the investigated area, no remarkable difference could be observed between upstream and downstream separated by the factory site. -- Highlights: ► Agricultural soils contain higher metal concentrations than non-agricultural soils. ► The site located in the factory district has the highest metal concentration. ► Cu, Zn and Cd are dominated by residual fraction, and Pb by reducible fraction. ► Cd pollution should not be overlooked in soils upstream of Pearl River. -- The mobility of four investigated metals is low but Cd pollution should not be overlooked in soils upstream of Pearl River

The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Canli, Mustafa; Atli, Gueluezar

2003-01-01

Significant relationships between metal concentrations and fish size were negative. - Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) concentrations in the muscle, gill and liver of six fish species (Sparus auratus, Atherina hepsetus, Mugil cephalus, Trigla cuculus, Sardina pilchardus and Scomberesox saurus) from the northeast Mediterranean Sea were measured and the relationships between fish size (length and weight) and metal concentrations in the tissues were investigated by linear regression analysis. Metal concentrations (as μg/g d.w.) were highest in the liver, except for iron in the gill of Scomberesox saurus and lowest in the muscle of all the fish species. Highest concentrations of Cd (4.50), Cr (17.1) and Pb (41.2) were measured in liver tissues of T. cuculus, Sardina pilchardus and A. hepsetus, respectively. The liver of M. cephalus showed strikingly high Cu concentrations (202.8). The gill of Scomberesox saurus was the only tissue that showed highest (885.5) iron concentrations. Results of linear regression analysis showed that, except in a few cases, significant relationships between metal concentrations and fish size were negative. Highly significant (P<0.001) negative relationships were found between fish length and Cr concentrations in the liver of A. hepsetus and M. cephalus, and Cr concentrations in the gill of T. cuculus. Cr and Pb concentrations in the liver and Cu concentrations in all the tissues of Scomberesox saurus also showed very significant (P<0.001) negative relationships. Negative relationships found here were discussed

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em solos de área poluída com metais pesados

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O. Klauberg-Filho

2002-03-01

Full Text Available Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs ocorrem de forma generalizada e formam importante simbiose com a maioria das plantas, mesmo em solos poluídos com metais pesados. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se a ocorrência e a diversidade dos FMAs em quatro locais com gramíneas em uma área de solo contaminado com metais pesados pela extração e industrialização do Zn. Verificou-se a ocorrência generalizada dos FMAs nos locais estudados, sendo esta influenciada pelas concentrações de metais no solo. Encontrou-se um total de 21 espécies, sendo: sete pertencentes ao gênero Acaulospora, seis de Scutellospora, cinco de Glomus, duas de Gigaspora e uma de Entrophospora,Glomus occultum, Acaulospora morrowiae, Acaulospora mellea, Glomus intraradices, Glomus clarum e Scutellospora pellucida foram as de maior ocorrência. A densidade de esporos, a riqueza de espécies e o aumento da dominância relacionaram-se inversamente com as concentrações de metais no solo. Acaulospora mellea, Glomus clarum e Glomus occultum dominaram as populações de esporos no solo. Concluiu-se que os metais pesados exerceram efeito diferenciado sobre os FMAs, dependendo do grau de poluição.

Efectos en la calidad espermática del ciervo de la exposición a plomo y otros metales pesados: aplicación de modelos de exposición in vitro con espermatozoides.

OpenAIRE

Castellanos Expósito, Pilar

2016-01-01

El plomo (Pb) uno de los tóxicos ambientales e industriales más difundidos en el planeta debido al uso con muy variados fines que se ha hecho de este metal por diferentes civilizaciones a lo largo de la historia, lo que explica la intensa actividad de extracción minera de Pb que se ha tenido que asegurar cantidades suficientes de este metal. En lo que a nuestro país se refiere, la comarca minera del Valle de Alcudia y Sierra Madrona durante los siglos XX y XX se encontraba a la cabeza de pr...

BIOSORCIÓN DE Cd, Pb y Zn POR BIOMASA PRETRATADA DE ALGAS ROJAS, CÁSCARA DE NARANJA Y TUNA

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Lissette Vizcaíno Mendoza

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Debido a su movilidad en los ecosistemas y a su toxicidad para las formas superiores de vida,los metales pesados Cd, Pb y Zn son priorizados como unos de los contaminantes inorgánicosmás importantes debido al alto riesgo que representan para el medio ambiente. Con el objeto dedisminuir su concentración se diseñó un sistema para evaluar su remoción empleando biomasade algas rojas, cáscaras de naranja (Citrus sp. y tuna guajira (Opuntia sp.. Se estudió la influenciadel pretratamiento y el empaquetamiento mediante ensayos tipo batch, en los que se emplearonsoluciones de sodio y calcio. Se obtuvo como resultado una mayor capacidad de sorción de lasalgas modificadas con NaOH 0.1 N y de la naranja y la tuna con modificación sucesiva con NaOH yCaCl20.2 M, y una afección poco significativa (≤1% del proceso de sorción al empacar la biomasael placas planas de tul poliéster. La eficiencia de remoción se determinó mediante un reactor deflujo continuo de columna fija con un volumen líquido de 400 mL, 75 g de biomasa y tiemposde retención promedio de 1 y 2 h. Los resultados mostraron una eficiencia similar de las tresbiomasas para remover Cd y Pb, con promedios superiores al 95%, mientras que el Zn se removiócon mejor eficiencia (62% al emplear tuna modificada como sorbente. Finalmente, el materialse calcinó a 700 °C con lo que se obtuvo una ceniza estable frente a soluciones ácidas, lo cualgarantiza la captura de los metales removidos.

Electrodes friendly with the environment for detect heavy metal

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Jairo Alberto Barón-Jaimez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Los últimos siglos, los metales pesados han sido extraídos y pr ocesados industrialmente; hoy en día, hacen parte de nuestra ca dena alimenticia y su detección ha generado gran interés a nivel int ernacional debido a los efectos adversos, en cantidades más all á de las permitidas para el ser humano. Por muchos años, los electrodos de mercurio han sido utilizados para detectar metales pesados; sin embargo, debido a las nuevas regulaciones y su alta toxicidad, nuevas alternativas para su reemplazo como electrodo en las téc nicas electroanalíticas han sido investigadas. Los electrodos de Bism uto se han situado como una alternativa para este tipo de activ idad debido a sus múltiples características semejantes a las del mercurio y su baja toxicidad, en este documento se presenta un panorama de este nuevo tipo de electrodo, junto con diferentes parámetros a tene r en cuenta para obtener mejores resultados.

Adsorção de metais pesados após calagem superficial em um Latossolo Vermelho sob sistema de plantio direto Heavy metals adsorption after surface lime in a Rhodic Hapludox under no-tillage system

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Helio Antonio Wood Joris

2012-03-01

Full Text Available A influência da correção da acidez do solo sob sistema plantio direto (SPD na adsorção de metais pesados é pouco conhecida. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a adsorção de cádmio (Cd, níquel (Ni, cobre (Cu e zinco (Zn em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura argilosa sem e com calagem superficial (4,5 t ha-1 de calcário, manejado no SPD. O experimento foi instalado em 1998, no município de Ponta Grossa, PR. Após 10 anos, amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm e foram adicionadas doses crescentes de 0 a 180 mg L-1 de Cd e Ni e de 0 a 180 mg L-1 de Cu e Zn, em sistemas competitivos. Após equilíbrio, foi determinada a quantidade de metais adsorvidos. A calagem superficial no SPD aumentou o pH do solo em todas as camadas estudadas, resultando em incremento na adsorção de Cu, Zn, Cd e Ni, principalmente, na camada superficial. Ainda, a calagem alterou a dinâmica dos metais pesados no solo, sendo uma estratégia eficiente com potencial para minimizar problemas ambientais com Cu, Zn, Cd e Ni no SPD.There are few researches about control of soil acidy and adsorption of heavy metals in no-till system (NTS. The aim of this study was evaluate the cadmium (Cd, nickel (Ni, copper (Cu and zinc (Zn adsorption in a Rhodic Hapludox, clayey, without and with surface liming (4.5 t ha-1 under NTS. The experiment was established in Ponta Grossa, PR, in 1998. After 10 years, soil samples were collected to adsorption study. Doses of 0 to 180 mg L-1 of Cd and Ni, and of 0 to 180 mg L-1 of Cu and Zn were added, in competitive systems. After the equilibrium, the quantity of heavy metals was measured. Surface liming increased soil pH in all studied layers, resulting in improve of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ni adsorptions, mostly in the superficial layer. Moreover, surface liming changed dynamics of heavy metals in soil, being an efficient strategy to minimize environmental problems associate with Cd, Ni, Cu and Zn in NTS.

U-Pb age for some base-metal sulfide deposits in Ireland: genetic implications for Mississippi Valley-type mineralization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duane, M.J.; Welke, H.J.; Allsopp, H.L.

1986-01-01

Evidence is presented that links the timing of vein-type (Cu-Ag(U)) to stratiform Mississippi Valley-type (MVT, Pb-Zn) ore events in Ireland. The rare occurrence of pitchblende, coffinite(?), and brannerite mineralization, which is regarded as a precursor component to the sulfide mineralization in the Gortdrum deposit (Ireland), provides the first direct radiometric dating tool for these carbonate-hosted deposits. The U-Pb (340 +25/-20 Ma) and Pb-Pb (359 +/- 26 Ma) whole-rock ages constrain the uranium and base-metal mineralizing events to the Early Carboniferous. The data support a model according to which MVT and earlier uranium mineralization stages of some major ore bodies resulted from fracturing coincident with large basin-dewatering events. The Pb-Pb and concordia data are consistent with an Early Carboniferous age for the mineralization at Gortdrum and agree closely with a previously published Rb-Sr age of 359 +/- 22 Ma, obtained for Missouri glauconites. Furthermore, other comparative geologic data from Ireland and from North American MVT mineral provinces support a model of Pb-Zn-Cu(U) mobilization on a regional scale that implicates the later closing stages of the proto-Atlantic. 40 references, 3 figures, 1 table

Enhancement of the atomic absorbance of Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb in metal furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using absorption tubes

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Yuya Koike

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Trace amounts of Cr, Zn, Cd, and Pb were determined by metal furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using absorption tubes. Various absorption tubes were designed as roof- and tube-types, and fixed above the metal furnace in order to extend the light path length. Aqueous standards and samples were injected in the metal furnace and atomized in a metal atomizer with an absorption tube (6 cm length, 15.5 mm diameter. The used of an absorption tube resulted in an enhancement of the atomic absorbance. The ratios of absorbance values with and without the roof- and tube-type absorption tubes were 1.33 and 1.11 for Cr; 1.42 and 1.99 for Zn; 1.66 and 1.98 for Cd; and 1.31 and 1.16 for Pb, respectively. The use of an absorption tube was effective for Zn and Cd analysis, as the absorbance values for these low boiling point metals doubled. The proposed method was successfully applied in the determination of Zn in tap water.

Heavy metal removal from produced water using retorted shale; Remocao de metais pesados em aguas produzidas utilizando xisto retortado

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pimentel, Patricia M.; Melo, Marcos A.F.; Melo, Dulce M.A.; Silva Junior, Carlos N.; Assuncao, Ary L.C. [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN (Brazil); Anjos, Marcelino J. [Universidade Federal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil). Coordenacao dos Programas de Pos-graduacao de Engenharia

2004-07-01

The Production of oil and gas is usually accompanied by the production of large volume of water that can have significant environmental effects if not properly treated. In this work, the use of retort shale was investigated as adsorbent agent to remove heavy metals in produced water. Batch adsorption studies in synthetic solution were performed for several metal ions. The efficiency removal was controlled by solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and initial ion concentration and agitation times. Two simple kinetic models were used, pseudo-first- and second-order, were tested to investigate the adsorption mechanisms. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich models. The produced water samples were treated by retorted shale under optimum adsorption conditions. Synchrotron radiation total reflection X-ray fluorescence was used to analyze the elements present in produced water samples from oil field in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. The removal was found to be approximately 20-50% for Co, Ni, Sr and above 80% for Cr, Ba, Hg and Pb. (author)

comparative study with commercial rootstocks to determine the tolerance to heavy metal (Pb in the drought and salt stress tolerant eggplant breeding lines

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Mevlüde Nur TOPAL

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Negative effects of heavy metals on plants are peroxidation of lipids in cell membranes, production of free oxygen radicals, disorders in photosynthesis, damages in DNAs and as a result death of the cell. Plant development, productivity and quality of the fruits are decreased in the plants that are exposed to Pb stress which is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Usage of rootstocks which is mainly used against biotic stress conditions also seems to be defined as a solution to abiotic stress conditions such as heavy metal stresses. In eggplant production, wild species and hybrids are used as rootstocks against soil based pathogens and nematode. Reactions of improvement lines derived from local gene resources for rootstock improvement to heavy metal stress which is one of the abiotic stresses were determined. While determining the resistance against Pb stress, commercially used eggplant rootstocks are compared. In this study 4 eggplant cultivars (S. melongena: Burdur Bucak, Mardin Kızıltepe, Artvin Hopa and Kemer whose resistance potential against salt and drought stresses had been previously revealed and 6 rootstocks of wild eggplant species or hybrids (AGR-703, Doyran, Hawk, Hikyaku, Köksal-F1 and Vista-306 were tested against Pb stress. Eggplant seedlings were applied to 0, 150 and 300 ppm Pb solutions (Pb(NO32 during 4-5 true leaf stage. 20 days after the stress application wet and dry weight of green parts and roots, height of the body part and leaf areas were measured. Pb tolerance of Köksal F1 and AGR703 rootstocks were higher than other commercial rootstocks. Mardin Kızıltepe and Burdur Merkez genotypes which have high tolerances against abiotic stress gave lower values with respect to Artvin Hopa and Kemer which are sensitive genotypes and many other rootstocks while comparing the reduction ratios of stress signs such as shoot fresh weight and shoot length according to control under Pb stress.

Pb and Sr isotopes and trace metals in molluscs: constraints on metal sources and water fluxes in a coastal lagoon (Thau, France); Isotope du Pb, du Sr et metaux traces dans les mollusques: contraintes sur les sources de metaux et les mouvements d'eaux dans une lagune cotiere (Thau, France)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Labonne, M

1998-07-01

Because of its unique ability to characterize the origins and quantify the fluxes of waters and their loads, isotopic geochemistry is being increasingly used in environmental problems. On the other hand, molluscs are known to concentrate metals in a very strong manner and equilibrate relatively rapidly with their environment. They are used in many programs of coastal survey (Mussel Watch, RNO,...). The originality of our work is to apply isotopic systems (Pb, Sr) to living organisms, in order to: 1- identify the metal sources; 2- determine their proportions in the lagoon and 3- to trace the water movements. The Thau lagoon (Herault, S. France) presents various potential sources of metals inputs: heavy traffic road, Sete harbour, various industries (cement factory, fertilizers...), agriculture, camping areas and leisure ports, not to mention natural (rock) sources. Our study deals with the metal and alkali, alkali-earth concentrations, Pb and Sr isotopes determined on both mussels implanted in the lagoon and wild mussels. We also compare our mussel results with those determined on clams which live at the water/sediments interface. A first study deals with the metal accumulation in laboratory experiments using mono-isotopic tracers 'spike'. It shows that the new metal is being superimposed to the metals initially present in the organisms; this effect is seen within a few days, although variable depending on elements (Zn, Cd, Pb). We have sampled the introduced mussels 4 times a year and we see that the concentration fluctuations are principally related to animal weight variations. The flesh isotopic compositions usually define nice alignments depending on season, indicative of a progressive mixing between two main components: one natural, one anthropogenic. Depending on winds,two influences of seawater entries orlocal water treatment plants effluents can be shown. We have compared past and present metal levels and origins in the area by analysing also

ABILITY OF Phanerochaete chrysosporium AND Trametes versicolor TO REMOVE Zn2+, Cr3+, Pb2+ METAL IONS

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Josué Solís Pacheco

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The use of fungal biomass as an alternative for removing heavy metals has become increasingly important in recent years, replacing conventional methods based on chemical physical processes. In this study, we evaluated the biosorption of Zn2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+, which were analyzed to determine their effect on growth kinetic parameters of Phanerochaete chrysosporium strain ATCC 32629 and Trametes versicolor ATCC 1267. Growth kinetics were performed in four liquid culture media: 1 Yeast Nitrogen Base (YNB used as control, 2 YNB medium plus Pb2+ (0.25, 1 and 2 mg L-1, 3 YNB medium plus Zn2+ (5, 10 and 20 mg L-1 and 4 YNB medium plus Cr3+ (0.5, 1 and 2 mg L-1. The flasks were incubated at 25 °C with shaking at 150 rpm. Metal concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES with prior acid digestion of the sample. The results demonstrated that Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 32629 and Trametes versicolor ATCC 12679 are able to grow in the culture medium with Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cr3+ ions at different concentrations. However, P. chrysosporium ATCC 32629 showed greater adaptability and ability to adsorb Cr3+ in the culture medium at concentrations of 0.5 and 1 mg L-1, whereas T. versicolor ATCC 12679 was capable of Pb2+ biosorption at concentrations of 0.25, 1 and 2 mg L-1.

EDTA-assisted Pb phytoextraction.

Science.gov (United States)

Saifullah; Meers, E; Qadir, M; de Caritat, P; Tack, F M G; Du Laing, G; Zia, M H

2009-03-01

Pb is one of the most widespread and metal pollutants in soil. It is generally concentrated in surface layers with only a minor portion of the total metal found in soil solution. Phytoextraction has been proposed as an inexpensive, sustainable, in situ plant-based technology that makes use of natural hyperaccumulators as well as high biomass producing crops to help rehabilitate soils contaminated with heavy metals without destructive effects on soil properties. The success of phytoextraction is determined by the amount of biomass, concentration of heavy metals in plant, and bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in the rooting medium. In general, metal hyperaccumulators are low biomass, slow growing plant species that are highly metal specific. For some metals such as Pb, there are no hyperaccumulator plant species known to date. Although high biomass-yielding non-hyperaccumulator plants lack an inherent ability to accumulate unusual concentrations of Pb, soil application of chelating agents such as EDTA has been proposed to enhance the metal concentration in above-ground harvestable plant parts through enhancing the metal solubility and translocation from roots to shoots. Leaching of metals due to enhanced mobility during EDTA-assisted phytoextraction has been demonstrated as one of the potential hazards associated with this technology. Due to environmental persistence of EDTA in combination with its strong chelating abilities, the scientific community is moving away from the use of EDTA in phytoextraction and is turning to less aggressive alternative strategies such as the use of organic acids or more degradable APCAs (aminopolycarboxylic acids). We have therefore arrived at a point in phytoremediation research history in which we need to distance ourselves from EDTA as a proposed soil amendment within the context of phytoextraction. However, valuable lessons are to be learned from over a decade of EDTA-assisted phytoremediation research when considering the

AKUMULASI LOGAM BERAT Cr DAN Pb PADA TUMBUHAN MANGROVE AVICENNIA MARINA DI MUARA SUNGAI BABON PERBATASAN KOTA SEMARANG DAN KABUPATEN DEMAK JAWA TENGAH (Accumulation of Heavy Metals Cr and Pb in Mangrove Plant Avicennia marina On Babon River’s Estuari

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Vita Kartikasari

2002-11-01

heavy metal elements, which exist in the water ecosystem surrounds this plant life. This study is conducted in Babon River’s Estuari Semarang, Central Java and aimed to meet some goals as follows. First, to observe the mangrove plants capability, Avicennia marina, to accumulate heavy metal elements, e.g.: Cr and Pb. Second, to understand deeper observation of mangrove plant’s organs: the roots, branches, and leaves, according to accumulate heavy metal elements. Third, to observe the role of mangrove plant due to reduce heavy metal elements (Cr and Pb, which may pollute in Babon rivers Estuaries. The Mangrove research and observation is divided into two major stages: Preliminary Observation and Main Observation. The preliminary observation is aimed to identify the variuous types of Mangrove plant and determine the heavy metal element contained in Mangrove plant organ. Based on preliminary observation result then decided the designated location sample point (contain heavy metal elements which represent the Mangrova A. marina plant existence and the absence. The main observation is conducted in order to determine primary data of Cr and Pb concentration by taking sample plant organ’s (roots, branches, and leaves, sediment, and water. The sample is then dried by Microwave Digestion MLS-1200 MEGA. The main data observation is analysed statistically by using Non parametric Kruskal Wallis test and Two sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test. The accumulating capability of Mangrove plant describe that Cr element is more accumulate by Mangrove plant comparing to Pb element. The rate of Bio-concentration factor for Cr and Pb are 1052.66 and 349.54. The highest concentration level of Cr and Pb in Mangrove plant’s organ as in order : The roots, branches, and leaves. The leaves contain bigger Pb element in sediment, settled in the bottom of water, that present with Mangrove are quite bigger than location which Mangrove absences. On the other side, observation also describe that there

Analysis of Heavy Metal Content (Pb) on Waters and Fish at The Floating Cages BPPP Ambon

Science.gov (United States)

Wattimena, Rachel L.; Selanno, Debby A. J.; Tuhumury, Semuel F.; Tuahatu, Juliana W.

2018-02-01

Coastal waters play important roles due to highly in natural resources and developing of environmental services. However, there are highly intensity of natural resources utilization, environment and settlement. Consequently, environment and natural resources would be degraded such as in the Ambon Bay. One of the potency at the Ambon Bay is mariculture area namely the floating cages (KJA) which belongs to Fisheries education and training (BPPP) Ambon. The research aimed to analyze physical-chemical of waters (temperature, pH, salinity and current speed), to analyze heavy metal concentration (Pb) on water and fish from floating cages (KJA) and to analyze waters pollution status at KJA BPPP Ambon. The average salinity of each floating cage ranged from 30.09 - 30.34°C, pH ranged from 8.03 - 8.44, salinity ranged from 31.36 - 33.34 PSU, and current speed at spring tide ranged from 0.5 - 55.8 Cm/sec while neap tide ranged from 0.1 - 9.8 Cm/sec. Heavy metal concentration (Pb) on waters was below the standard for waters quality and the average concentration was 0.002 mg/l. Whilst, the heavy metal concentration (Pb) on fishes was below standard for floating cages (floating cages 2-6) which was 0.05 and 0.17mg/l. Otherwise, floating cage 1 had been above maximum standard for fish food and its processing following SNI 7387:2009 (0.3mg/l) which was 0.31 mg/l. The status of waters pollution at KJA BPPP Ambon belonged to C class and could be categorized as moderate based on standard for waters quality issued by State Ministerial Decree for the Environment No. 51 Year 2004.

NMR study of LaPb2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueda, K.; Kohara, T.; Yamada, Y.

1995-01-01

La and Pb NMR signals were observed in LaPb 2 with a superconducting transition temperature of about 7 K. The width of the Pb NMR spectrum with an asymmetric line shape was rather narrower than those of Er-, Gd- and Ho-Pb 2 . The spin-lattice relaxation time of Pb nuclei was twice longer than that of Pb metal. La NMR spectrum had satellites due to the electric quadrupole interaction. These results show that each local environment at La or Pb site in LaPb 2 compound is uniquely determined, compared with those in randomly substituted alloys. ((orig.))

Stabilization and solidification of Pb in cement matrices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gollmann, Maria A.C.; Silva, Marcia M. da; Santos, Joao H. Z. dos; Masuero, Angela B.

2010-01-01

Pb was incorporated to a series of cement matrices, which were submitted to different cure time and pH. Pb content leached to aqueous solution was monitored by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The block resistance was evaluated by unconfined compressive strength at 7 and 28 ages. Data are discussed in terms of metal mobility along the cement block monitored by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The Pb incorporated matrices have shown that a long cure time is more suitable for avoiding metal leaching. For a longer cure period the action of the metal is higher and there is a decreasing in the compressive strength. The XRF analyses show that there is a lower Ca concentration in the matrix in which Pb was added. (author)

Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)3(NO3): An Example of SHG Crystal in Metal Bromates Containing π-Conjugated Planar Triangle.

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Fang; Hu, Chun-Li; Liang, Ming-Li; Mao, Jiang-Gao

2016-01-19

The first example of SHG crystal in the metal bromates containing π-conjugated planar triangle systems, namely, Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)3(NO3), was successfully synthesized via the hydrothermal method. Furthermore, a single crystal of centrosymmetric Pb8O(OH)6(BrO3)6(NO3)2·H2O was also obtained. Both compounds contain similar [Pb4(OH)4] cubane-like tetranuclear clusters, but they display different one-dimensional (1D) chain structures. Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)3(NO3) features a zigzag [Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)3](+) 1D chain, while Pb8O(OH)6(BrO3)6(NO3)2·H2O is composed of two different orthogonal chains: the linear [Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)2](2+) 1D chain along the b-axis and the zigzag [Pb4O2(OH)2(BrO3)4](2-) 1D chain along the a-axis. The NO3 planar triangles of the compounds are all isolated and located in the spaces of the structures. Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)3(NO3) exhibits the first example of SHG crystal in the metal bromates with π-conjugated planar triangle. The second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of Pb4(OH)4(BrO3)3(NO3) is approximately equal to that of KDP and it is phase-matchable. Dipole moment and theory calculations indicate that BrO3, NO3, and PbO4 groups are the origin of its SHG efficiency, although some of the contributions cancel each other out.

Electron lone pair distortion facilitated metal-insulator transition in β-Pb{sub 0.33}V{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanowires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wangoh, L.; Quackenbush, N. F. [Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902 (United States); Marley, P. M.; Banerjee, S. [Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260 (United States); Sallis, S. [Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902 (United States); Fischer, D. A.; Woicik, J. C. [Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 (United States); Piper, L. F. J., E-mail: lpiper@binghamton.edu [Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902 (United States); Materials Science and Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902 (United States)

2014-05-05

The electronic structure of β-Pb{sub 0.33}V{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanowires has been studied with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The recent synthesis of defect-free β-Pb{sub 0.33}V{sub 2}O{sub 5} nanowires resulted in the discovery of an abrupt voltage-induced metal insulator transition. First principle calculations predicted an additional V-O-Pb hybridized “in-gap” state unique to this vanadium bronze playing a significant role in facilitating the transition. We confirm the existence, energetic position, and orbital character of the “in-gap” state. Moreover, we reveal that this state is a hybridized Pb 6s–O 2p antibonding lone pair state resulting from the asymmetric coordination of the Pb{sup 2+} ions.

Enriquecimiento, disponibilidad y contaminación de metales traza (Cd, Cu, Pb y Zn en sedimentos de lagunas urbanas de Concepción-Chile Enrichment, availability and contamination of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in sediments of urban lagoons in Concepción, Chile

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Elizabeth González Sepúlveda

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn enrichment, availability and contamination in superficial sediments of three interconnected urban lagoons localized in Concepción-Chile, were evaluated. According to the results of geochemical fracctionation analysis, Cu and Pb are rather associated with oxi-hydroxides, Cd is associated with exchangeable and carbonates fraction, while Zn is mainly associated with organic, oxi-hydroxides and residual fraction. The estimation of the availability percentages indicate that Cu is the most mobile metal and the less mobile is the Cd. An evaluation of the geo-accumulation index and urban industrial pollution allowed to classify the studied zone as moderately to highly contaminated.

Dissolved trace metals (Ni, Zn, Co, Cd, Pb, Al, and Mn) around the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean

Science.gov (United States)

Castrillejo, Maxi; Statham, Peter J.; Fones, Gary R.; Planquette, Hélène; Idrus, Farah; Roberts, Keiron

2013-10-01

A phytoplankton bloom shown to be naturally iron (Fe) induced occurs north of the Crozet Islands (Southern Ocean) every year, providing an ideal opportunity to study dissolved trace metal distributions within an island system located in a high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) region. We present water column profiles of dissolved nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), and manganese (Mn) obtained as part of the NERC CROZEX program during austral summer (2004-2005). Two stations (M3 and M1) were sampled downstream (north) of Crozet in the bloom area and near the islands, along with a control station (M2) in the HNLC zone upstream (south) of the islands. The general range found was for Ni, 4.64-6.31 nM; Zn, 1.59-7.75 nM; Co, 24-49 pM; Cd, 135-673 pM; Pb, 6-22 pM; Al, 0.13-2.15 nM; and Mn, 0.07-0.64 nM. Vertical profiles indicate little island influence to the south with values in the range of other trace metal deprived regions of the Southern Ocean. Significant removal of Ni and Cd was observed in the bloom and Zn was moderately correlated with reactive silicate (Si) indicating diatom control over the internal cycling of this metal. Higher concentrations of Zn and Cd were observed near the islands. Pb, Al, and Mn distributions also suggest small but significant atmospheric dust supply particularly in the northern region.

Influência de doses crescentes de chumbo sobre o teor e o conteúdo de nutrientes e Pb em mudas de ipê-roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Standl. Influence of increasing lead levels on nutrient and Pb content and accumulation in ipê-roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Standl. seedlings

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva

2003-04-01

Full Text Available O efeito da aplicação de chumbo sobre o teor e o conteúdo de nutrientes e Pb na raiz, no caule e nas folhas de mudas de ipê-roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Standl. foi estudado em um experimento realizado em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciência do Solo da Universidade Federal de Lavras. As mudas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva de Clark e submetidas a doses crescentes de Pb: 0, 48, 96, 192 e 288 mimol/l. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento estatístico de blocos ao acaso, e após 60 dias de exposição ao metal pesado foram feitas avaliações do teor e do conteúdo de macro, micronutrientes e chumbo na matéria seca de raiz, caule e folha. Os resultados mostraram que a aplicação de chumbo aumentou o teor de P e praticamente não afetou os teores de S, Ca e Mg nas mudas. De modo geral os teores de Cu, Fe e Mn sofreram redução, o teor de Zn não foi afetado, enquanto o conteúdo de macro e de micronutrientes sofreu redução. O teor de Pb na matéria seca de raiz, caule e folha aumentou com as doses aplicadas, principalmente na raiz, e se mostrou pouco móvel nas plantas analisadas.The effect of lead application on nutrient and Pb content and accumulation in ipê-roxo (Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. Standl. seedlings was studied in an experiment conducted under greenhouse conditions at the Soil Science Department of the Federal University of Lavras. The seedlings were cultivated in Clark nutrient solution and submitted to increasing Pb levels: 0, 48, 96, 192 and 288 mumol/l. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design and after 60 days of exposure to the heavy metals, evaluations of macro and micronutrient and lead content and accumulation in the root, stem and leaf dry matter were made. The results showed that lead application increased P content and practically did not affect S, Ca and Mg contents. Cu, Fe and Mn contents, in general, presented a reduction; Zn content was not affected while macro

Changes in heavy metal bioavailability and speciation from a Pb-Zn mining soil amended with biochars from co-pyrolysis of rice straw and swine manure.

Science.gov (United States)

Meng, Jun; Tao, Mengming; Wang, Lili; Liu, Xingmei; Xu, Jianming

2018-08-15

Biochar has been utilized as a good amendment to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated soils. However, the effectiveness of biochar in metal immobilization depends on biochar properties and metal species. In this study, the biochars produced from co-pyrolysis of rice straw with swine manure at 400°C were investigated to evaluate their effects on bioavailability and chemical speciation of four heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in a Pb-Zn contaminated soil through incubation experiment. Results showed that co-pyrolysis process significantly change the yield, ash content, pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) of the blended biochars compared with the single straw/manure biochar. The addition of these biochars significantly increased the soil pH, EC, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. The addition of biochars at a rate of 3% significantly reduced the CaCl 2 -extractable metal concentrations in the order of Pb>Cu>Zn>Cd. The exchangeable heavy metals decreased in all the biochar-amended soils whereas the carbonate-bound metal speciation increased. The increase in soil pH and the decrease in the CaCl 2 extractable metals indicated that these amendments can directly transform the highly availability metal speciation to the stable speciation in soils. In conclusion, biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of rice straw with swine manure at a mass ratio of 3:1 could most effectively immobilize the heavy metals in the soil. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Recuperación de metales del licor de desecho WL en forma de compuestos químicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro R. Bassas

2001-03-01

Full Text Available El licor de desecho de la empresa niquelera Pedro Soto Alba-Moa Nickel S.A., conocido como WL, es un licor de gran acidez; contiene elementos pesados junto a otros metales que no son asimilados por el proceso metalúrgico y quedan en el licor, que al verterse, impacta en forma negativa el medio ambiente. Mediante precipitación selectiva en tres etapas, se logra recuperar aluminio y manganeso en forma de sales dobles; níquel, cobalto, cobre y zinc en forma de sulfuros y un licor concentrado de cromo. Se empleó el sulfuro de sodio, el hidróxido de amonio y el hidrógenosulfuro de amonio como agentes precipitantes. El licor residual resultante de este tratamiento pierde su acidez y tiene un bajo contenido de elementos pesados que lo hacen menos agresivo al medio.

Biosorpsi Tanaman Puring (Codiaeum variegatum Terhadap Emisi Timbal (Pb Pada Kendaraan Bermotor

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Nur Amalia P

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Enhancement the motorized vehicle number will be potential for air pollution in the big cities. One of the pollutant which is resulted from burning process fuel is timbale (Pb metal. Alternative effort that is used to decrease the higher timbale (Pb metal pollutantmaterial is with manner biosorption use puring plant (codiaeumvariegatum.The aim of this research is to know the puring plantability in absorbs Pb metal. The treatment methodis used to sprinkling plant and without sprinkling and than directly exposure to plant with period 3,6 and 9 days. The result of research  that puring leaves ability can absorb Pb concentration metal between (1 until 1,5 ppm or 0,304 mg/Kg at nine days of period exposure, it order can be considered as biosorption agent Pb metal pollution.

The effect of washing and soaking on decreasing heavy metals (Pb, Cd and As in the rice distributed in Kermanshah in 2011

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Hadi Adibi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Background: Heavy metal pollution has always been a major cause of environmental contamination and considered a concern for food health. Rice is the most popular food among Iranians and the presence of heavy metals in rice as trace level has received special attention because they are directly related to health. In Iran, it is customary for people to wash and soak the rice before cooking. The aim of this research was to investigate the contents of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and As in Iranian and imported rice after washing and soaking in Kermanshah in 2011. Methods: 21 samples of the most widely consumed brands of Iranian and imported rice were purchased from local supermarkets in Kermanshah, Iran. 3 samples of each brand were collected and specific volumes of each sample were digested with acid. Heavy metal contents in the digested samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The results showed that the concentration means of Pb, Cd and As in the Iranian rice samples were 275.17 µg/kg, 13.28 µg/kg, 53.69 µg/kg, respectively before washing and concentration means after washing and soaking were 236.96 µg/kg, 12.31 µg/kg, 44.06 µg/kg, respectively. The concentration means of Pb, Cd, As in imported rice samples were 215.71 µg/kg, 8.17 µg/kg, 45.92 µg/kg, respectively before washing and 183.59 µg/kg, 7.16 µg/kg, 37.61 µg/kg, respectively after washing and soaking. Conclusion: Results showed that washing and soaking decreased contents of Pb, Cd and As (15%, 7.2% and 18%, respectively. It should be noted that washing and soaking are important factors for decreasing heavy metals in the rice distributed in Kermanshah.

Electric Field Tuning Non-volatile Magnetism in Half-Metallic Alloys Co2FeAl/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Heterostructure

Science.gov (United States)

Dunzhu, Gesang; Wang, Fenglong; Zhou, Cai; Jiang, Changjun

2018-03-01

We reported the non-volatile electric field-mediated magnetic properties in the half-metallic Heusler alloy Co2FeAl/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 heterostructure at room temperature. The remanent magnetization with different applied electric field along [100] and [01-1] directions was achieved, which showed the non-volatile remanent magnetization driven by an electric field. The two giant reversible and stable remanent magnetization states were obtained by applying pulsed electric field. This can be attributed to the piezostrain effect originating from the piezoelectric substrate, which can be used for magnetoelectric-based memory devices.

The Environmentally Sound Aquaculture Strategies Based on Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metal of Lead (Pb) on Seaweed of Gracilaria verrucosa on Aquaculture Areas of MuararejaVillage, Tegal City

Science.gov (United States)

Nurjanah; Ambariyanto; Supriharyono; Yulianto, Bambang

2018-02-01

Community activities such as industry, trade, animal husbandry and agriculture and ssettlements resulting in heavy metals of lead (Pb) can be accumulated in water, sediment and seaweed Gracillaria verrucosa. It can contaminate ponds and affect aquaculture activities in Tegal. Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa is afisheries commodity that has economical value and cultivated in the area of aquaculture MuararejaTegal. It can serve as fitoremedian that will help reduce the impact of heavy metal pollution due to its ability to accumulate pollutants. The objective of this study was to analyze bioaccumulation of heavy metals of lead (Pb) and its relationship with water quality management in order to develop seaweed cultivation of Gracillaria verrucosa in ponds in the area of aquaculture MuararejaTegal. The method used in this study is a survey, analysis of heavy metals of lead (Pb) in pond water, sediment and seaweed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and the data were analyzed by descriptive quantitative. Bioconcentration of lead (Pb) during the dry season in pond water, sediment and seaweed Gracillaria verrucosa was measured from 0.003 to 0.025 ppm,5.543 to 23.699 ppm and 0.209 to 0.326 ppm respectively. While in the rainy season bioconcentration of lead (Pb) are from 0.003 to 0.015 ppm, sediment from 6.377 to 9.858 ppm and 0.209 to 0.326 ppm respectively. Bioconcentration of Pb in dry season was higher than in the rainy season and the biggest bioconcentration was found in the sediment pond waters. Pb bioaccumulation low and still below the quality standards of the Ministry of Environment decision 51 of 2004 so that the product is safe for consumption.

Analysis of Heavy Metal Content (Pb on Waters and Fish at The Floating Cages BPPP Ambon

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Wattimena Rachel L.

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Coastal waters play important roles due to highly in natural resources and developing of environmental services. However, there are highly intensity of natural resources utilization, environment and settlement. Consequently, environment and natural resources would be degraded such as in the Ambon Bay. One of the potency at the Ambon Bay is mariculture area namely the floating cages (KJA which belongs to Fisheries education and training (BPPP Ambon. The research aimed to analyze physical-chemical of waters (temperature, pH, salinity and current speed, to analyze heavy metal concentration (Pb on water and fish from floating cages (KJA and to analyze waters pollution status at KJA BPPP Ambon. The average salinity of each floating cage ranged from 30.09 - 30.34°C, pH ranged from 8.03 − 8.44, salinity ranged from 31.36 − 33.34 PSU, and current speed at spring tide ranged from 0.5 – 55.8 Cm/sec while neap tide ranged from 0.1 – 9.8 Cm/sec. Heavy metal concentration (Pb on waters was below the standard for waters quality and the average concentration was 0.002 mg/l. Whilst, the heavy metal concentration (Pb on fishes was below standard for floating cages (floating cages 2-6 which was 0.05 and 0.17mg/l. Otherwise, floating cage 1 had been above maximum standard for fish food and its processing following SNI 7387:2009 (0.3mg/l which was 0.31 mg/l. The status of waters pollution at KJA BPPP Ambon belonged to C class and could be categorized as moderate based on standard for waters quality issued by State Ministerial Decree for the Environment No. 51 Year 2004.

Efeito da escória de siderurgia na química do solo e na absorção de nutrientes e metais pesados pela cana-de-açúcar

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Luiz Carlos Prezotti

2012-08-01

Full Text Available Com a redução das reservas naturais de nutrientes e o alto custo dos fertilizantes, tem aumentado a busca por fontes alternativas, sendo a escória de siderurgia uma opção, uma vez que possui compostos neutralizantes da acidez do solo e elementos químicos importantes para a nutrição das plantas. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as alterações, nas características químicas do solo e nos teores de nutrientes e de metais pesados, na cana-de-açúcar, em função de doses crescentes de escória de siderurgia. Os tratamentos foram compostos por oito doses de escória de aciaria: 0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,5; 5,0; 10; 20; 40 t ha-1, mais um tratamento adicional composto por uma dose de 2,5 t ha-1 de calcário, totalizando nove tratamentos, distribuídos em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. Foram determinadas as características químicas de solo e planta, bem como a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar. A aplicação de escória no solo elevou o pH, a saturação por bases e os teores de P, Ca, B, Fe e Mn, não influenciando os teores de K e Mg. Mesmo aplicando-se doses mais elevadas, não houve alteração nos teores dos metais pesados Cd, Pb e Ni do solo. Houve elevação do teor de Cr. O teor de P na folha e no colmo da cana-de-açúcar apresentou tendência de aumento com as doses de escória, não havendo influência para os demais nutrientes, como, também, para os metais pesados. Houve elevação da produtividade tanto da cana-planta como da cana-soca.

EDTA assisted phytorremediation of a Pb contamined soil: metal leaching and uptake by jack beans Lixiviação e absorção de Pb pelo feijão-de-porco assistido pela aplicação de EDTA no solo

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Mariana Bassetto Gabos

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Lead (Pb is one of the main soil contaminants. It is also of difficult phytoremediation due to its low solubility and high retention on soil particles. EDTA application to soil is a strategy to increase heavy metal phytoextraction, but such chelants usually cause phytotoxicity and metal leaching side effects. Therefore, these research work objectives were to evaluate the effects of single (0.5 g kg-1 and split (0.25 + 0.25 g kg-1 EDTA application on Pb uptake by jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis L. as well as on Pb vertical movement in a Pb contaminated soil material. Two sets of experiments were carried out under greenhouse conditions: in the first one, plants were grown in 3L-pots filled with a Pb-contaminated soil to evaluate Pb uptake by plants; for the second experiment, PVC-columns (42 cm height were used to evaluate soil Pb leaching: the upper half-column (20 cm was filled up with Pb-contaminated soil (1800 mg kg-1 whereas the lower half-column (20 cm was filled with clean soil. Ten 60 mm-rainfalls with a duration of five hours were simulated by dropping distilled water on the top of columns, and leachates were collected for chemical analysis. Plants did not show any visual Pb toxicity symptoms or reduction in dry matter yield. Nevertheless, Pb uptake by jack beans regarded as total plant Pb accumulation was higher in EDTA-treated plants. Vertical Pb movement was observed mostly for the single EDTA application. EDTA addition to the soil favor Pb-phytoextraction by jack beans and the split EDTA application decrease the metal leaching, indicating less risk of environmental contamination.O chumbo (Pb é um dos principais contaminantes de solo. Os processos de remediação são dificultados devido à alta retenção do elemento às partículas do solo. A utilização do EDTA para aumentar a fitoextração dos metais do solo tem apresentado bons resultados. Contudo, os quelantes podem causar efeitos indesejáveis como a fitotoxidez e a lixivia

Behavior of Paramecium sp. in solutions containing Sr and Pb: Do Paramecium sp. alter chemical forms of those metals?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kozai, Naofumi; Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Koka, Masahi; Satoh, Takahiro; Kamiya, Tomihiro

2011-01-01

The behavior of Paramecium sp. (Paramecium bursaria) in aqueous solutions containing Sr and Pb was investigated to determine the role of protozoa in the migration of radionuclides in the environment. Precultured living cells of P. bursaria were exposed to aqueous solutions containing 0.01 or 0.05 mM Sr or Pb at pH 7 for 24 h. For comparison, pre-killed cells were treated with the metal solutions in the same way. Two-dimensional elemental mappings of cells were obtained by micro-PIXE. Aquatic species of Sr and Pb were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and inductivity coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The amounts of Sr adsorbed or taken up by the cells surviving for 24 h and adsorbed on pre-killed cells were below the detection limit. Cells of P. bursaria adsorbed or took up a fraction of Pb. The Pb adsorbed or taken up by the cells surviving for 24 h in the Pb solution was barely detectable, while the Pb adsorbed on pre-killed cells was clearly mappable. These findings suggest that living cells of P. bursaria have functions that reduce adsorption or uptake of Pb on the cells. Quantitative and SEC-UV-ICP-MS analyses of the Sr and Pb in aqueous phases showed no clear evidences that living cells of P. bursaria alter the chemical form of Sr or Pb remaining in the aqueous phases after the cell-solution contact.

Behavior of Paramecium sp. in solutions containing Sr and Pb: Do Paramecium sp. alter chemical forms of those metals?

Science.gov (United States)

Kozai, Naofumi; Ohnuki, Toshihiko; Koka, Masahi; Satoh, Takahiro; Kamiya, Tomihiro

2011-10-01

The behavior of Paramecium sp. (Paramecium bursaria) in aqueous solutions containing Sr and Pb was investigated to determine the role of protozoa in the migration of radionuclides in the environment. Precultured living cells of P. bursaria were exposed to aqueous solutions containing 0.01 or 0.05 mM Sr or Pb at pH 7 for 24 h. For comparison, pre-killed cells were treated with the metal solutions in the same way. Two-dimensional elemental mappings of cells were obtained by micro-PIXE. Aquatic species of Sr and Pb were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and inductivity coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The amounts of Sr adsorbed or taken up by the cells surviving for 24 h and adsorbed on pre-killed cells were below the detection limit. Cells of P. bursaria adsorbed or took up a fraction of Pb. The Pb adsorbed or taken up by the cells surviving for 24 h in the Pb solution was barely detectable, while the Pb adsorbed on pre-killed cells was clearly mappable. These findings suggest that living cells of P. bursaria have functions that reduce adsorption or uptake of Pb on the cells. Quantitative and SEC-UV-ICP-MS analyses of the Sr and Pb in aqueous phases showed no clear evidences that living cells of P. bursaria alter the chemical form of Sr or Pb remaining in the aqueous phases after the cell-solution contact.

Behavior of Paramecium sp. in solutions containing Sr and Pb: Do Paramecium sp. alter chemical forms of those metals?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kozai, Naofumi, E-mail: kozai.naofumi@jaea.go.jp [Advanced Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Ohnuki, Toshihiko [Advanced Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Koka, Masahi; Satoh, Takahiro; Kamiya, Tomihiro [Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, JAEA, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292 (Japan)

2011-10-15

The behavior of Paramecium sp. (Paramecium bursaria) in aqueous solutions containing Sr and Pb was investigated to determine the role of protozoa in the migration of radionuclides in the environment. Precultured living cells of P. bursaria were exposed to aqueous solutions containing 0.01 or 0.05 mM Sr or Pb at pH 7 for 24 h. For comparison, pre-killed cells were treated with the metal solutions in the same way. Two-dimensional elemental mappings of cells were obtained by micro-PIXE. Aquatic species of Sr and Pb were analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online to ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy and inductivity coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). The amounts of Sr adsorbed or taken up by the cells surviving for 24 h and adsorbed on pre-killed cells were below the detection limit. Cells of P. bursaria adsorbed or took up a fraction of Pb. The Pb adsorbed or taken up by the cells surviving for 24 h in the Pb solution was barely detectable, while the Pb adsorbed on pre-killed cells was clearly mappable. These findings suggest that living cells of P. bursaria have functions that reduce adsorption or uptake of Pb on the cells. Quantitative and SEC-UV-ICP-MS analyses of the Sr and Pb in aqueous phases showed no clear evidences that living cells of P. bursaria alter the chemical form of Sr or Pb remaining in the aqueous phases after the cell-solution contact.

Bioaccessibility of Ba, Cu, Pb, and Zn in urban garden and orchard soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cai, Meifang; McBride, Murray B.; Li, Kaiming

2016-01-01

Exposure of young children to toxic metals in urban environments is largely due to soil and dust ingestion. Soil particle size distribution and concentrations of toxic metals in different particle sizes are important risk factors in addition to bioaccessibility of these metals in the particles. Analysis of particle size distribution and metals concentrations for 13 soils, 12 sampled from urban gardens and 1 from orchard found that fine particles (<105 μm) comprised from 22 to 66% by weight of the tested soils, with Ba, Cu, Pb and Zn generally at higher concentrations in the finer particles. However, metal bioaccessibility was generally lower in finer particles, a trend most pronounced for Ba and Pb. Gastric was higher than gastrointestinal bioaccessibility for all metals except Cu. The lower bioaccessibility of Pb in urban garden soils compared to orchard soil is attributable to the higher organic matter content of the garden soils. - Highlights: • The bioaccessibility of metals in urban garden and orchard soils was measured. • Ba, Cu, Pb, Zn were concentrated in fine particles of the soils. • Bioaccessibilities of Ba and Pb were generally lower in fine particles of soils. • Pb bioaccessibility was generally lower in soils with higher organic matter content. • Pb bioaccessibility was lower in urban garden soils than in an orchard soil. - Pb and other trace metals (Ba, Cu, Zn) were concentrated in fine particles of urban and orchard soils, but the bioaccessibility of Ba and Pb was generally lower in finer particles.

Sub-cellular partitioning of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the digestive gland of native Octopus vulgaris exposed to different metal concentrations (Portugal)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raimundo, J. [National Institute for Agronomy and Fisheries Research - IPIMAR, Av. Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisbon (Portugal)], E-mail: jraimundo@ipimar.pt; Vale, C. [National Institute for Agronomy and Fisheries Research - IPIMAR, Av. Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisbon (Portugal); Duarte, R.; Moura, I. [REQUIMTE - CQFB, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Qta Torre, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica (Portugal)

2008-02-15

Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb and their sub-cellular distributions were determined in composite samples of digestive glands of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris caught from two areas of the Portuguese coast characterised by contrasting metal contamination. Minor contents of Zn (1%), Cu (2%), Cd (6%) and Pb (7%) were found in the insoluble fraction, consisting of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and microsome operationally separated from the whole digestive gland through a sequential centrifugation. A tendency for linear relationships between metal concentrations in nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and whole digestive gland was observed. These relationships suggest that despite low metal content organelles responded to the increasing accumulated metals, which means that detoxifying mechanism in cytosol was incomplete. Poorer correlations between microsome and whole digestive gland did not point to metal toxicity in the analysed compartments. However, the high accumulated Cd indicated that O. vulgaris is an important vehicle of this element to its predators in the coastal environment.

Sub-cellular partitioning of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb in the digestive gland of native Octopus vulgaris exposed to different metal concentrations (Portugal)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raimundo, J.; Vale, C.; Duarte, R.; Moura, I.

2008-01-01

Concentrations of Zn, Cu, Cd and Pb and their sub-cellular distributions were determined in composite samples of digestive glands of the common octopus, Octopus vulgaris caught from two areas of the Portuguese coast characterised by contrasting metal contamination. Minor contents of Zn (1%), Cu (2%), Cd (6%) and Pb (7%) were found in the insoluble fraction, consisting of nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and microsome operationally separated from the whole digestive gland through a sequential centrifugation. A tendency for linear relationships between metal concentrations in nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes and whole digestive gland was observed. These relationships suggest that despite low metal content organelles responded to the increasing accumulated metals, which means that detoxifying mechanism in cytosol was incomplete. Poorer correlations between microsome and whole digestive gland did not point to metal toxicity in the analysed compartments. However, the high accumulated Cd indicated that O. vulgaris is an important vehicle of this element to its predators in the coastal environment

Contamination and Health Risks from Heavy Metals (Cd and Pb and Trace Elements (Cu and Zn in Dairy Products

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Hamid Reza Ghafari

2017-08-01

Conclusion: Considering the serious contamination of some brands of butter and cheese by Cu and Pb, a control of heavy metals and trace elements levels during the whole production processing of dairy products must be applied.

Enriquecimiento, disponibilidad y contaminación de metales traza (Cd, Cu, Pb y Zn) en sedimentos de lagunas urbanas de Concepción-Chile Enrichment, availability and contamination of trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in sediments of urban lagoons in Concepción, Chile

OpenAIRE

Elizabeth González Sepúlveda; María Retamal Cifuentes; Valentina Medina Pedreros; Ramón Ahumada Bermúdez; José Neira Hinojosa

2009-01-01

Trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) enrichment, availability and contamination in superficial sediments of three interconnected urban lagoons localized in Concepción-Chile, were evaluated. According to the results of geochemical fracctionation analysis, Cu and Pb are rather associated with oxi-hydroxides, Cd is associated with exchangeable and carbonates fraction, while Zn is mainly associated with organic, oxi-hydroxides and residual fraction. The estimation of the availability percentages indi...

contaminantes

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Rosa Ana Rodríguez

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Se caracterizaron tres residuos agroindustriales para realizar su gasificación térmica, realizando su análisis inmediato, determinando la concentración de Ca, K y Mg y la con- centración de tres metales tóxicos representativos, Cd, Cr y Pb, en todos sus estados de oxidación y en el estado fundamental. La concentración de los metales pesados también fue determinada en las cenizas obtenidas del proceso, y se estudió su movilidad mediante tres ensayos de lixiviación. Se predijo el comportamiento de diferentes contaminantes considerando la presencia de vapor de agua, gas de síntesis, Ca, Mg, K, Si, Al, entre otros. Los metales pesados no se encuentran más concentrados en las cenizas, por lo que se deduce que se desprenden durante el proceso de gasificación. La presencia de Ca, Mg y K en estos residuos ayudaría a la retención de los mismos. Según los resultados de los tests de lixiviación, se concluye que las cenizas no son tóxicas.

Modeling the adsorption of metal ions (Cu 2+, Ni 2+, Pb 2+) onto ACCs using surface complexation models

Science.gov (United States)

Faur-Brasquet, Catherine; Reddad, Zacaria; Kadirvelu, Krishna; Le Cloirec, Pierre

2002-08-01

Activated carbon cloths (ACCs), whose efficiency has been demonstrated for microorganics adsorption from water, were here studied in the removal of metal ions from aqueous solution. Two ACCs are investigated, they are characterized in terms of porosity parameters (BET specific surface area, percentage of microporosity) and chemical characteristics (acidic surface groups, acidity constants, point of zero charge). A first part consists in the experimental study of three metal ions removal (Cu 2+, Ni 2+ and Pb 2+) in a batch reactor. Isotherms modeling by Freundlich and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) equations enables the following adsorption order: Cu 2+>Ni 2+>Pb 2+ to be determined for adsorption capacities on a molar basis. It may be related to adsorbates characteristics in terms of electronegativity and ionic radius. The influence of adsorbent's microporosity is also shown. Adsorption experiments carried out for pH values ranging from 2 to 10 demonstrate: (i) an adsorption occurring below the precipitation pH; (ii) the strong influence of pH, with a decrease of electrostatic repulsion due to the formation of less charged hydrolyzed species coupled with a decrease of activated carbon surface charge as pH increases. The second part focuses on the modeling of adsorption versus the pH experimental data by the diffuse layer model (DLM) using Fiteql software. The model is efficient to describe the system behavior in the pH range considered. Regarding complexation constants, they show the following affinity for ACC: Pb 2+>Cu 2+>Ni 2+. They are related to initial concentrations used for the three metal ions.

Los corridos pesados; música y violencia una forma alterna de contar la historia en México

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Reyes Luciano Álvarez Fabela

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El corrido es un género musical que describe historias de corte épico y se consolida a partir de la Revolución Mexicana iniciada en 1910. En estos predominaron los relatos de acontecimientos y personajes idealizados y se presentaba al mexicano como valiente y parrandero. En los últimos treinta años, en México se intensifican crisis económicas que afectan a amplios grupos sociales, quienes se expresan a través de la creación de nuevas composiciones que aluden a luchas populares, a movimientos de la izquierda y se fortalecen los corridos que narran la práctica de actividades ilícitas como el tráfico y producción de estupefacientes. A esta última variante del corrido, el Estado y los medios masivos de comunicación han denominado Narcocorrido. Sus creadores, intérpretes y consumidores, los denominan Corridos Pesados. Desde una perspectiva antropológica, los Corridos Pesados constituyen un medio de expresión de diversos grupos sociales vinculados por compartir concepciones culturales basadas en la producción, distribución y consumo de estupefacientes. Este artículo presenta el proceso de consolidación de los Corridos Pesados, sus variantes regionales y el papel que desempeñan en el enfrentamiento entre grupos de poder y el Estado.

Tl, Bi, and Pb doping in Ba4BiPb2TlO12-δ

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sutto, T.E.; Averill, B.A.

1992-01-01

To determine the effects of different 6s metal concentrations on the superconducting nature of Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ , materials produced via four doping schemes were examined: Ba 4 Bi(Pb, Tl) 3 O 12-δ , Ba 4 -(BiPb) 3 TlO 12-δ , Ba 4 (Bi,Tl) 2 Pb 2 O 12-δ , and Ba 4 Bi x Pb 4-2x Tl x O 12-δ . For the parent compound a value of δ = 0.91 was observed, indicating that approximately 1/4 oxygen atom was missing per cubic subsection of the unit cell. For all samples, the symmetry of the parent compound changed from orthorhombic to tetragonal as the system moved away from the ideal composition. This was usually accompanied by the loss of superconductivity, which exhibited a maximum T c of 10.5 K for the parent compound Ba 4 BiPb 2 TlO 12-δ . Also reported are high-temperature magnetic susceptibility results, which are used to determine the effect of metal substitution on the density of states at the Fermi level. For each set of variants on the parent composition, the onset of superconductivity was accompanied by a significant decrease in the size of the Pauli paramagnetic signal. 16 refs., 6 figs

Citric acid improves lead (pb) phytoextraction in brassica napus L. by mitigating pb-induced morphological and biochemical damages.

Science.gov (United States)

Shakoor, Muhammad Bilal; Ali, Shafaqat; Hameed, Amjad; Farid, Mujahid; Hussain, Sabir; Yasmeen, Tahira; Najeeb, Ullah; Bharwana, Saima Aslam; Abbasi, Ghulam Hasan

2014-11-01

Phytoextraction is an environmentally friendly and a cost-effective strategy for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. However, lower bioavailability of some of the metals in polluted environments e.g. lead (Pb) is a major constraint of phytoextraction process that could be overcome by applying organic chelators. We conducted a glasshouse experiment to evaluate the role of citric acid (CA) in enhancing Pb phytoextraction. Brassica napus L. seedlings were grown in hydroponic media and exposed to various treatments of Pb (50 and 100 μM) as alone or in combination with CA (2.5mM) for six weeks. Pb-induced damage in B. napus toxicity was evident from elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 that significantly inhibited plant growth, biomass accumulation, leaf chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters. Alternatively, CA application to Pb-stressed B. napus plants arrested lipid membrane damage by limiting MDA and H2O2 production and by improving antioxidant enzyme activities. In addition, CA significantly increased the Pb accumulation in B. napus plants. The study concludes that CA has a potential to improve Pb phytoextraction without damaging plant growth. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Temporal and spatial variation on heavy metal concentrations in the bivalve Perna perna (LINNAEUS, 1758 on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

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Alexandre Gomes Ferreira

2004-06-01

Full Text Available Heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn concentrations were studied in Perna perna from three beaches (Barra do Furado, Buena and Ponta do Retiro on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State by ICP-AES. The average concentration was 0.3 ± 0.04 (Cd; 1.9 ± 0.6 (Cr; 6.1 ± 0.7 (Cu; 1,130 ± 113 (Fe; 22 ± 3.2 (Mn; 9.3 ± 4.6 (Ni; 0.4 ± 0.2 (Pb; 44 ± 5.8 (Zn µg.g-1 dry weight. There were no significant difference for almost all the studied metals in relation to sex. Although, significant spatial variations (p Este trabalho descreve as concentrações de Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn em Perna perna das praias de Barra do Furado (BF, Buena (B and Ponta do Retiro (PR na costa Norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. As concentrações dos metais foram determinadas em ICP-AES. As concentrações médias foram 0.3 ± 0.04 (Cd; 1,9 ± 0.6 (Cr; 6,13 ± 0.7 (Cu; 1.130 ± 113 (Fe; 22 ± 3,2 (Mn; 9.3 ± 4,6 (Ni; 0.4 ± 0.2 (Pb; 44 ± 5,8 (Zn µg.g-1 de peso seco. Não ocorreram diferenças significativas para a maioria dos metais, em relação ao sexo. Variações espaciais significativas (p < 0.05 ocorreram para Cr, Pb e Ni com os maiores valores em BF. Variações temporais significativas (p < 0.05 ocorreram nas três praias, contudo, nenhuma tendência sazonal de acumulação foi observada. As concentrações dos metais foram similares aquelas áreas descritas sob baixo impacto de poluição por metais pesados, exceto para o Fe, cujos altos valores provavelmente estão associados a presença de substratos locais ricos em óxido de Fe.

Combined impact of heavy metals (Pb2+ and Cd2+ and salinity on the condition of Lolium perenne long-term assimilation apparatus

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V. P. Bessonova

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Contamination of soil and atmosphere by heavy metals negatively affects physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The objective of this study is to analyze the combined impact of heavy metals Pb2+ and Cd2+ on the background of salinity on the surface of assimilation and the state of stomata device and the content of plastid pigments in leaves of Lolium perenne L. Decrease in the area of plant leaves on the background of the impact of pollutants has been determined. By the degree of increase of negative impact on this index, variants of the experience can be arranged as follows: Pb2+ + Cd2+ < NaCl < Pb2+ + Cd2+ + NaCl. The investigated factors have the strongest impact on the area of assimilation surface. The reason for its significant decrease in plants of studied variants compared to the control is that both suppression of growth and reduction of leaves area occurs, along with the inhibition of their formation. The damaging effect of sodium chloride is also traced in drying of leaf tips, the latter become lighter in color and some of them get yellow. Under the action of heavy metals and salinity decrease in the leaf index for L. perenne is observed, especially in case of combined actions of toxins, and this rate varies more significantly than the other ones. Salinization of growing substrate significantly reduces the number of stomata on the underside of the leaf epidermis. On the contrary, under the influence of heavy metals their number increases, and under the action of Pb2+ + Cd2+ on the background of chloride salinity it becomes even higher compared with the variant where heavy metals only affect the plants. The length of guard cells of the stomata in the variants with metals in NaCl remains practically unchanged compared with the control, but at joint action it is reduced. The width of stomatal pore in the variants differs insignificantly. The same is applied to the length, except for variants where the plants were exposed

Toxic metals (Ni2+, Pb2+, Hg2+) binding affinity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from different ages municipal landfill leachate

Science.gov (United States)

Rikta, S. Y.; Tareq, Shafi M.; Uddin, M. Khabir

2018-03-01

Solid waste production is rapidly increasing in Bangladesh and landfill leachate is the consequence of the decomposition of this waste. These leachates contain heavy metals and significant amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM is known to have considerable role in heavy metals speciation. Hence, it is important to characterize DOM/leachate and evaluate toxic metals binding affinity of DOM. The objectives of this study were to characterize the DOM in landfill leachate through physico-chemical and optical analyses and to investigate the toxic metals (Ni2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+) binding affinity of three different ages (fresh sample L-1, young sample L-2 and mature sample L-3) DOM samples. Results suggested that leachate is a potential pollutant which contained very high organic pollutant load. Conditional stability constant (Log K) and percentages of fluorophores that correspond to metal binding (% f) values indicated that young DOM sample (L-2) had the highest binding affinity to all the three metals ions. In general, DOM samples showed the following order affinity to the metal ions; Ni2+ binding affinity: L-2 > L-3 > L-1, Pb2+ binding affinity: L-2 > L-3 > L-1 and Hg2+ binding affinity: L-2 > L-1 > L-3.

Using electrocoagulation for metal and chelant separation from washing solution after EDTA leaching of Pb, Zn and Cd contaminated soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Pociecha, Maja; Lestan, Domen

2010-02-15

Electrocoagulation with an Al sacrificial anode was tested for the separation of chelant and heavy metals from a washing solution obtained after leaching Pb (3200 mg kg(-1)), Zn (1100 mg kg(-1)), and Cd (21 mg kg(-1)) contaminated soil with EDTA. In the electrochemical process, the sacrificial anode corroded to release Al(3+) which served as coagulant for precipitation of chelant and metals. A constant current density of 16-128 mAc m(-2) applied between the Al anode and the stainless-steel cathode removed up to 95% Pb, 68% Zn and 66% Cd from the soil washing solution. Approximately half of the initial EDTA remained in the washing solution after treatment, up to 16.3% of the EDTA was adsorbed on Al coagulant and precipitated, the rest of the EDTA was degraded by anodic oxidation. In a separate laboratory-scale remediation experiment, we leached a soil with 40 mmol EDTA per kg of soil and reused the washing solution (after electrocoagulation) in a closed loop. It removed 53% of Pb, 26% of Zn and 52% of Cd from the soil. The discharge solution was clear and colourless, with pH 7.52 and 170 mg L(-1) Pb, 50 mg L(-1) Zn, 1.5 mg L(-1) Cd and 11 mM EDTA.

Lead activity in Pb-Sb-Bi alloys

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A. S. Kholkina

2014-11-01

Full Text Available The present work is devoted to the study of lead thermodynamic activity in the Pb-Sb-Bi alloys. The method for EMF measurements of the concentration cell: (–Pb|KCl-PbCl2¦¦KCl-PbCl2|Pb-(Sb-Bi(+ was used. The obtained concentration dependences of the galvanic cell EMF are described by linear equations. The lead activity in the ternary liquid-metal alloy demonstrates insignificant negative deviations from the behavior of ideal solutions.

Geographical and pedological drivers of distribution and risks to soil fauna of seven metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in British soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spurgeon, David J.; Rowland, Philip; Ainsworth, Gillian; Rothery, Peter; Long, Sara; Black, Helaina I.J.

2008-01-01

Concentrations of seven metals were measured in over 1000 samples as part of an integrated survey. Sixteen metal pairs were significantly positively correlated. Cluster analysis identified two clusters. Metals from the largest (Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn), but not the smallest (Cd, Pb) cluster were significantly negatively correlated with spatial location and soil pH and organic matter content. Cd and Pb were not correlated with these parameters, due possibly to the masking effect of recent extensive release. Analysis of trends with soil properties in different habitats indicated that general trends may not necessarily be applicable to all areas. A risk assessment indicated that Zn poses the most widespread direct risk to soil fauna and Cd the least. Any risks associated with high metal concentrations are, however, likely to be greatest in habitats such as arable and horticultural, improved grassland and built up areas where soil metal concentrations are more frequently elevated. - Metal distributions and risks explained by balance of sources and soil property effects on fate

Transition metal rates in latosol twice treated with sewage sludge

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Ana Tereza Jordão Pigozzo

2006-05-01

Full Text Available Agricultural recycling of sewage sludge has been a source of accumulation of heavy metals in the environment which may reach toxic levels and cause serious damage to the biota. Field experiments were undertaken for two agricultural years (2000 and 2002 and effects of two sewage sludge applications were evaluated through the extraction of (essential and non-essential transition metals by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA extractor in a medium texture dystrophic Dark Red Latosol. Cd, Ni, Co, Pb and Cr were not detected. Application of sewage sludge initially caused a slight pH rise in the soil; later pH lowered and kept itself close to the starting level. It could be concluded that through consecutive sludge application, extractable rates of Fe and Mn in soil samples gradually increased during the two agricultural years in proportion to sewage sludge doses and sampling period. In fact, they were higher than rates of control. Due to low concentrations of soil samples, extractor had a restricted capacity for evaluation of its phytoavailability.A reciclagem agrícola do lodo de esgoto tem provocado o acúmulo de metais pesados no solo e na água, podendo atingir níveis tóxicos e causar danos às plantas cultivadas, aos animais e ao homem, por meio da cadeia trófica. Neste intuito foi desenvolvido o presente experimento, em condições de campo, entre 2000 e 2002, onde foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação de lodo de esgoto por dois anos, sobre a extração de metais de transição (essenciais e não pelo extrator DTPA em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd de textura média. As concentrações dos elementos metálicos: Mn, Fe, Cd, Ni, Co, Pb e Cr não foram detectados pelo método da absorção atômica na solução obtida com o extrator DTPA. A aplicação de lodo de esgoto causou inicialmente pequena elevação no pH do solo, posteriormente a diminuição do mesmo, e manteve-se próximo ao original. Foi possível concluir que, com

Sedimentation rates and trace metal input history in intertidal sediments from San Simon Bay (Ria de Vigo, NW Spain) derived from 210Pb and 137Cs chronology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Alvarez-Iglesias, Paula; Quintana, Begona; Rubio, Belen; Perez-Arlucea, Marta

2007-01-01

210 Pb and 137 Cs dating methods, accompanied by a high-resolution geochemical study, were applied to intertidal sediments containing both fine and coarse-grained particles and also, anthropogenic Pb in order to establish sedimentation rates and historical trends in heavy metal input. Sedimentation rates were established according to the 'Constant Flux:Constant Sedimentation' (CF:CS) 210 Pb dating model, which was preferred rather than the 'Constant Rate of Supply-Minimum Variance' (CRS-MV) model. Variations in sediment grain-size were accounted for by application of several normalization procedures. Al was selected for grain-size correction. Corrected sedimentation rates obtained from 210 Pb dating were corroborated through a second independent radionuclide tracer and by comparison of peak trace metal inputs into the environment with peaks in the sediment. The Chernobyl maximum was identified in the normalized 137 Cs activity profile. Sedimentation rates of 6.2 ± 1.2 mm y -1 and 3.1 ± 0.5 mm y -1 for the upper (two muddy layers) and 6.0 ± 2.0 mm y -1 for the lower (sandy) intertidal mud flat deposits of San Simon Bay were determined. According to the established chronology, human-induced environmental changes were detected in total metal concentrations (Cu, Pb, Zn) and in sediment grain-size and composition

Distribution of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Zn) in sediment profiles associated to Rhizophora mangle in Sevilla River - Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parra, Juan Pablo; Espinosa, Luisa Fernanda

2008-01-01

In order to evaluate the vertical distribution of the heavy metals Pb, Cd, and Zn in sediments associated to Rhizophora mangle plants, potentially bioavailable and not bioavailable concentrations of these metals were determined in three sediment cores collected in the Sevilla River, Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta. Measurements were carried out by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. The results showed that in Sevilla River mangrove ecosystem these metals are accumulated principally in non-bioavailable forms, this means that a great part or them are retained in the sediment. The retention of Pb, Cd, and Zn in the sediments of this mangrove ecosystem is strongly related to the physicochemical parameters pH, salinity, and redox potential, and to organic matter, and silt and clays contents

Growth of PbTe nanorods controlled by polymerized tellurium anions and metal(II) amides via composite-hydroxide-mediated approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wan Buyong; Hu Chenguo; Liu Hong; Xiong Yufeng; Li Feiyun; Xi Yi; He Xiaoshan

2009-01-01

The pure face-centered-cubic PbTe nanorods have been synthesized by the composite-hydroxide-mediated approach using hydrazine as a reducing agent. The method is based on reaction among reactants in the melts of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide eutectic at 170-220 deg. C and normal atmosphere without using any organic dispersant or surface-capping agent. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure, morphology and composition of the samples. The diameters of nanorods are almost fixed, while the lengths can be tunable under different growth time and temperatures. The growth mechanism of PbTe nanorods is investigated via UV-vis absorption, demonstrating that polymerized tellurium anions and metal(II) amides in the hydrazine hydroxide melts could control the crystallization and growth process of PbTe nanostructures. The band gap of as-synthesized PbTe nanorods has been calculated based on UV-vis-NIR optical diffuse reflectance spectra data.

Growth of PbTe nanorods controlled by polymerized tellurium anions and metal(II) amides via composite-hydroxide-mediated approach

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wan Buyong [Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Street, Chongqing 400044 (China); College of Physics and Information Technology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047 (China); Hu Chenguo, E-mail: hucg@cqu.edu.cn [Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Street, Chongqing 400044 (China); Liu Hong [State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100 (China); Xiong Yufeng [National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100080 (China); Li Feiyun; Xi Yi; He Xiaoshan [Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, 174 Shapingba Street, Chongqing 400044 (China)

2009-09-15

The pure face-centered-cubic PbTe nanorods have been synthesized by the composite-hydroxide-mediated approach using hydrazine as a reducing agent. The method is based on reaction among reactants in the melts of potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide eutectic at 170-220 deg. C and normal atmosphere without using any organic dispersant or surface-capping agent. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure, morphology and composition of the samples. The diameters of nanorods are almost fixed, while the lengths can be tunable under different growth time and temperatures. The growth mechanism of PbTe nanorods is investigated via UV-vis absorption, demonstrating that polymerized tellurium anions and metal(II) amides in the hydrazine hydroxide melts could control the crystallization and growth process of PbTe nanostructures. The band gap of as-synthesized PbTe nanorods has been calculated based on UV-vis-NIR optical diffuse reflectance spectra data.

Heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd content in wine produced from grape cultivar Mavrud, grown in an industrially polluted region

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Violina Angelova

1999-09-01

Full Text Available The investigation was carried out in the period 1991-1993 with cv. Mavrud, grown in the region with a major industrial pollutant the Non-Ferrous-Metal Works (NFMW and a region with no industrial pollutants (as a control. The heavy metal content in soil, grapes and wine was determined. Most of the heavy metals in the grapes precipitate during fermentation into the sediments, which is the reason for their significantly lower content in the wine. Water washing of grape before processing leads to about 2 time decrease in the Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd contents of wine. The pre-washing of grapes does not lead to any quality deterioration in the wine produced. The amounts of Cu, Zn and Cd in the wine from cv. Mavrud, grown in the region of the NFMW-Plovdiv, are lower than the maximum admissible levels, while the Pb content exceeds them about two times.

SEPARATION OF Fe (III, Cr(III, Cu(II, Ni(II, Co(II, AND Pb(II METAL IONS USING POLY(EUGENYL OXYACETIC ACID AS AN ION CARRIER BY A LIQUID MEMBRANE TRANSPORT METHOD

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La Harimu

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Fe (III, Cr(III, Cu(II, Ni(II, Co(II, and Pb(II  metal ions had been separated using poly(eugenyl oxyacetic acid as an ion carrier by bulk liquid membrane transport method. The effect of pH, polyeugenyl oxyacetic acid ion carrier concentration, nitric acid concentration in the stripping solution, transport time, and metal concentration were optimized. The result showed that the optimum condition for transport of metal ions was at pH 4 for ion Fe(III and at pH 5 for Cr(III, Cu(II, Ni(II, Co(II, and Pb(II ions. The carrier volumes were optimum with concentration of 1 x 10-3 M at 7.5 mL for Cr(III, Cu (II,  Ni(II, Co(II ions and at 8.5 mL for Fe(III and Pb(II ions. The concentration of HNO3 in stripping phase was optimum at 2 M for Fe(III and Cu(II ions, 1 M for Cr(III, Ni(II and Co(II ions, and 0.5 M for Pb(II ion. The optimum transport times were 36 h for Fe(III and Co(II ions, and 48 h for Cr(III, Cu (II, Ni(II, and Pb(II ions. The concentration of metal ions accurately transported were 2.5 x 10-4 M for Fe(III and Cr(III ions, and 1 M for Cu (II, Ni(II, Co(II, and Pb(II ions. Compared to other metal ions the transport of Fe(III was the highest with selectivity order of Fe(III > Cr(III > Pb(II > Cu(II > Ni(II > Co(II. At optimum condition, Fe(III ion was transported through the membrane at 46.46%.   Keywords: poly(eugenyl oxyacetic acid, transport, liquid membrane, Fe (III, Cr(III, Cu(II, Ni(II, Co(II, and Pb(II ions

U-Pb systematics in iron meteorites: uniformity of primordial lead

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goepel, C.; Manhes, G.; Allegre, C.J.

1985-01-01

Pb isotopic compositions and U-Pb abundances were determined in the metal phase of six iron meteorites: Canyon Diablo IA, Toluca IA, Odessa IA, Youndegin IA, Deport IA and Mundrabilla An. Prior to complete dissolution, samples were subjected to a series of leachings and partial dissolutions. Isotopic compositions and abundances of the etched Pb indicate a contamination by terrestrial Pb which is attributable to previous cutting of the meteorite. Pb isotopic compositions measured in the decontaminated samples are identical within 0.2% and essentially confirm the primordial Pb value defined by Tatsumoto et al. (1973). These data invalidate more radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions published for iron meteorites, which are the result of terrestrial Pb contamination introduced mainly by analytical procedure. Our results support the idea of a solar nebula which was isotopically homogeneous for Pb 4.55 Ga ago. The new upper limit for U-abundance in iron meteorites, 0.001 ppb, is in agreement with its expected thermodynamic solubility in the metal phase. (author)

Soluble/insoluble (dilute-HCl-extractable fractionation of Cd, Pb and Cu in Antarctic snow and its relationship with metal fractionations in the aerosol

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Annibaldi A.

2013-04-01

Full Text Available A chemical fractionation methodology for determination of the (water soluble and the insoluble (dilute-HCl-extractable fractions of Cd, Pb and Cu in Antarctic snow was set-up and verified for the additivity of the two fractions detected. Molten samples were filtrated and the water-insoluble fraction was extracted by dilute ultrapure HCl (pH ~1.5. Metal determinations were carried out in the two fractions by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. The total metal concentrations in samples collected in the 2000–2001 austral summer in a clean area (Faraglione Camp in the neighbourhood of the Mario Zucchelli Italian Station were of the order of Cd 10-20 pg g−1, Pb 20–40 pg g−1, Cu 60–120 pg g−1 with an approximate equidistribution between soluble and insoluble fractions. These fractionations compare well (and show a quite consistent temporal trend with those observed in the aerosol samples collected in the same area/period and confirm the close relationship between metal distributions in snow/ice and in the aerosol. At the station metal concentrations increase due to anthropic contribution and the distribution changes with Cd predominantly present in the soluble fraction (~80%, while Pb and Cu are more concentrated in the insoluble fraction, 70–80% and ~70%, respectively.

Dating of Barra Bonita (Rio Tiete - Sao Paulo State, Brazil) reservoir sediments with 210 Pb: historical distribution of heavy metals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cazotti, Raul I.; Silverio, Patricia F.; Mozeto, Antonio A.; Nascimento, Marcos R.L. do

2002-01-01

This work presents data on 210 Pb dating and heavy metal contamination of sediment cores collected from the Barra Bonita reservoir, one of the hydroelectric reservoir built in the Tiete River, SE Brazil about 40 years ago. Age calculations were done through the CRS (constant rate of supply) and CIC (constant initial concentration) models. It is well known that dating of lake sediment which are ≥ 100 years old poses no problem as atmospheric 210 Pb activity decreases to almost zero with sediment depth. In this work we present considerations and suggestions towards the applicability of these two models for reservoir dating as a study-case and for lakes in general with ages ≤ 100 years. The results show a good agreement between the CRS and CIC models. In addition, it was also evaluated the historical contamination of heavy metals (total and acid-extractable fraction). Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn showed an increase in concentration from the bottom to the top part of the cores. This would probably reflect an increase in land use of the Barra Bonita reservoir watershed for the last 40 years. (author)

Investigating the Role of Wind in the Dispersion of Heavy Metals Around Mines in Arid Regions (a Case Study from Kushk Pb-Zn Mine, Bafgh, Iran).

Science.gov (United States)

Mokhtari, Ahmad Reza; Feiznia, Sadat; Jafari, Mohammad; Tavili, Ali; Ghaneei-Bafghi, Mohammad-Javad; Rahmany, Farah; Kerry, Ruth

2018-03-16

The Kushk Pb-Zn mine is located in Central Iran and it has been in operation for the last 75 years. To investigate the role of wind dispersion of heavy metal pollutants from the mine area, dust samples were collected during 1 year and topsoil samples were collected around the mine. Results showed that the topsoil is polluted with Pb and Zn to about 1500 m away from the mine. It was also found that there was not a significant difference between the metal concentrations in topsoil and dust samples. The Pb and Zn concentrations in the dust samples exceeded 200 mg kg -1 and their lateral dispersion via wind was estimated to be about 4 km away from the mine. It has been shown that a combination of mining activities and mechanical dispersion via water and wind have caused lateral movement of heavy metals in this area.

High Efficient Nanocomposite for Removal of Heavy Metals (Hg2+ and Pb2+ from Aqueous Solution

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M. Ebadi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available In current work, CdS/black carbon nanocomposites were successfully synthesized with the aid of chestnut and cadmium nitrate as the starting reagents. Besides, the effects of preparation parameters such as reaction time, and precursor concentration on the morphology of products and removal of heavy metals (Hg+2, Pb+2 were studied by scanning electron microscopy images and batch adsorption mode. CdS/black carbon nanocomposite introduced as new and high efficient system for removal of heavy metal ions. The as-synthesized products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and spectra energy dispersive analysis of X-ray.

Effective removal of heavy metal ions Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ from aqueous solution by polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ge, Fei; Li, Meng-Meng; Ye, Hui; Zhao, Bao-Xiang

2012-01-01

We prepared novel Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and crotonic acid (CA). The MNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, infra-red spectra and thermogravimetric analysis. We explored the ability of the MNPs for removing heavy metal ions (Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ ) from aqueous solution. We investigated the adsorption capacity of Fe 3 O 4 -APS-AA-co-CA at different pH in solution and metal ion uptake capacity as a function of contact time and metal ion concentration. Moreover, adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied to understand the mechanism of the synthesized MNPs adsorbing metal ions. In addition, we evaluated the effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption. Furthermore, we explored desorption and reuse of MNPs. Fe 3 O 4 -APS-AA-co-CA MNPs are excellent for removal of heavy metal ions such as Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cu 2+ from aqueous solution. Furthermore, the MNPs could efficiently remove the metal ions with high maximum adsorption capacity at pH 5.5 and could be used as a reusable adsorbent with convenient conditions.

Adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Fe(II), and As(V) on bacterially produced metal sulfides.

Science.gov (United States)

Jong, Tony; Parry, David L

2004-07-01

The adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Fe(II) and As(V) onto bacterially produced metal sulfide (BPMS) material was investigated using a batch equilibrium method. It was found that the sulfide material had adsorptive properties comparable with those of other adsorbents with respect to the specific uptake of a range of metals and, the levels to which dissolved metal concentrations in solution can be reduced. The percentage of adsorption increased with increasing pH and adsorbent dose, but decreased with increasing initial dissolved metal concentration. The pH of the solution was the most important parameter controlling adsorption of Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and As(V) by BPMS. The adsorption data were successfully modeled using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Desorption experiments showed that the reversibility of adsorption was low, suggesting high-affinity adsorption governed by chemisorption. The mechanism of adsorption for the divalent metals was thought to be the formation of strong, inner-sphere complexes involving surface hydroxyl groups. However, the mechanism for the adsorption of As(V) by BPMS appears to be distinct from that of surface hydroxyl exchange. These results have important implications to the management of metal sulfide sludge produced by bacterial sulfate reduction.

A review of metal (Pb and Zn) sensitive and pH tolerant bioassay organisms for risk screening of metal-contaminated acidic soils

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chapman, E.Emily V.; Dave, Göran; Murimboh, John D.

2013-01-01

To improve risk estimates at the screening stage of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA), short duration bioassays tailored to undisturbed soil cores from the contaminated site could be useful. However, existing standardized bioassays use disturbed soil samples and often pH sensitive organisms. This is a problem as naturally acidic soils are widespread. Changing soil properties to suit the test organism may change metal bioavailability, leading to erroneous risk estimates. For bioassays in undisturbed soil cores to be effective, species able to withstand natural soil properties must be identified. This review presents a critical examination of bioassay species' tolerance of acidic soils and sensitivity to metal contaminants such as Pb and Zn. Promising organisms include; Dendrobaena octaedra, Folsomia candida, Caenorhabditis elegans, Oppia nitens, Brassica rapa, Trifolium pratense, Allium cepa, Quercus rubra and Acer rubrum. The MetSTICK test and the Bait lamina test were also identified as suitable microorganism tests. -- Highlights: •Risk screening of metal contaminated soils should consider metal bioavailability. •Metal bioavailability is dependent on soil properties such as pH. •Many standardized bioassay organisms are sensitive to acidic soils. •This review identifies acid tolerant and metal sensitive bioassays and species. •The identified tests can improve risk screening of acidic metal contaminated soil. -- This review identifies bioassay species able to withstand naturally acidic soils while being sensitive to metal contaminants

Identification of differentially expressed proteins in response to Pb ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

use

Lead (Pb) is a widespread nonessential heavy metal in cells and causes molecular damage to plants through the .... proteome patterns of C. roseus leaves under Pb stress. On the 3rd day of Pb ..... germinated Oryza sativa pollen. Mol. Cell.

Assessment of metal pollution in a former mining area in the NW Tunisia: spatial distribution and fraction of Cd, Pb and Zn in soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Othmani, Mohamed Ali; Souissi, Fouad; Durães, Nuno; Abdelkader, Moussi; da Silva, Eduardo Ferreira

2015-08-01

This study aims to evaluate the impact of the former mining Touiref district (NW Tunisia) on the spatial distribution of metal contamination. In order to characterize the metal content of the tailings and to assess how far the soils from the district could be impacted by metals, a sampling campaign was conducted. According to the spatial distribution concentration maps of potential toxic elements (PTE), the highest concentrations occur near the flotation tailings and in mining facilities and decrease abruptly with distance. These results confirm that wind is the main agent capable of dispersing metals in a W-E direction, with concentrations exceeding the standards of soil quality for Cd, Pb and Zn over several hundred metres away from the source, facilitated by the small-size fraction and low cohesion of tailings particles. Chemical fractionation showed that Pb and Cd were mainly associated with the acid-soluble fraction (carbonates) and Fe-(oxy) hydroxides, while Zn was mainly associated with Fe-(oxy) hydroxides but also with sulphides. Thus, the immobilization of metals in solution may be favoured by the alkaline conditions, promoted by carbonates dissolution. However, being carbonate important-bearing phases of Cd and Pb (but also for Zn), the dissolution facility of these minerals may enhance the release of metals, particularly far away from the mine where the physicochemical conditions can be different. Also, the metal uptake by plants in these alkaline conditions may be favoured, especially if secondary phases with high sorption ability are reduced at this site. A remediation plan to this area is needed, with particularly attention in the confinement of the tailings.

Removal of Heavy Metals Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+ from Aqueous Solutions by using Xanthium Pensylvanicum

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Jaber SALEHZADEH

2013-11-01

Full Text Available The hazardous ill effects of heavy metals on the environment and public health is a matter of serious concern. Biosorption is emerging as a sustainable effective technology. Heavy metals in water resources are one of the most important environmental problems of countries. The intensification of industrial activity and environmental stress greatly contributes to the significant rise of heavy metal pollution in water resources making threats on terrestrial and aquatic life. The toxicity of metal pollution is slow and interminable, as these metal ions are non bio-degradable. The adsorption capacity of Xanthium Pensylvanicum towards metal ions such as Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+ and Fe3+, was studied. The adsorption capacity was performed by batch experiments as a function of process parameters (such as sorption time and pH. Experimental results showed that the removal percentages increasing of metal ions at pH=4, initial concentration of metal ions 10 mg/L, and after 90 min of shaking was: Zn2+ < Cd2+ < Cu2+ < Pb2+ < Ni2+ < Fe3+ < Co2+.

Bioaccumulation of metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in suspended cultures of blue mussels exposed to different environmental conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maar, Marie; Larsen, Martin Mørk; Tørring, Ditte Bruunshøj

2015-01-01

corresponding to Good Ecological Status (GES) in the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) and in future climate change scenarios (higher metal concentrations and higher temperatures). For this purpose, GES is interpreted as good chemical status for the metals using the Environmental Quality Standards...... targets for Cd, Ni and Pb are not protective with respect to marine mussel production and probably should be reduced for marine waters. Climate changes may increase the metal contamination of mussels, but not to any critical level at the relatively unpolluted study sites. In conclusion, WFD targets should...

Contamination assessment of heavy metals in the soils around Khouzestan Steel Company (Ni, Mn, Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hormozi Nejad, F.; Rastmanesh, F.; Zarasvandi, A.

2016-01-01

The highest concentrations were found at soil samples 4 and 12. Comparison of heavy metals concentration with unpolluted soil standard indicated that, concentrations of Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni and Pb is higher than that of unpolluted soil standard. In general, Manganese, Chromium, Zinc and Lead are the most important elements that are found in emissions of steel plants. The soil samples near the steel plant and downwind direction have much higher pollution level. The results showed that Mn, Pb and Zn is related to human activity and Cr have geogenic source and Fe and Ni have both geogenic and anthropogenic source in the study area in the city of Ahwaz.

Effect of bamboo and rice straw biochars on the mobility and redistribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in contaminated soil.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Kouping; Yang, Xing; Gielen, Gerty; Bolan, Nanthi; Ok, Yong Sik; Niazi, Nabeel Khan; Xu, Song; Yuan, Guodong; Chen, Xin; Zhang, Xiaokai; Liu, Dan; Song, Zhaoliang; Liu, Xingyuan; Wang, Hailong

2017-01-15

Biochar has emerged as an efficient tool to affect bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Although partially understood, a carefully designed incubation experiment was performed to examine the effect of biochar on mobility and redistribution of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in a sandy loam soil collected from the surroundings of a copper smelter. Bamboo and rice straw biochars with different mesh sizes (Heavy metal concentrations in pore water were determined after extraction with 0.01 M CaCl 2 . Phytoavailable metals were extracted using DTPA/TEA (pH 7.3). The European Union Bureau of Reference (EUBCR) sequential extraction procedure was adopted to determine metal partitioning and redistribution of heavy metals. Results showed that CaCl 2 -and DTPA-extractable Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were significantly (p soils, especially at 5% application rate, than those in the unamended soil. Soil pH values were significantly correlated with CaCl 2 -extractable metal concentrations (p metal fractions, and the effect was more pronounced with increasing biochar application rate. The effect of biochar particle size on extractable metal concentrations was not consistent. The 5% rice straw biochar treatment reduced the DTPA-extractable metal concentrations in the order of Cd metals were mainly bound in the soil organic matter fraction. The results demonstrated that the rice straw biochar can effectively immobilize heavy metals, thereby reducing their mobility and bioavailability in contaminated soils. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geographical and pedological drivers of distribution and risks to soil fauna of seven metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, V and Zn) in British soils.

Science.gov (United States)

Spurgeon, David J; Rowland, Philip; Ainsworth, Gillian; Rothery, Peter; Long, Sara; Black, Helaina I J

2008-05-01

Concentrations of seven metals were measured in over 1000 samples as part of an integrated survey. Sixteen metal pairs were significantly positively correlated. Cluster analysis identified two clusters. Metals from the largest (Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn), but not the smallest (Cd, Pb) cluster were significantly negatively correlated with spatial location and soil pH and organic matter content. Cd and Pb were not correlated with these parameters, due possibly to the masking effect of recent extensive release. Analysis of trends with soil properties in different habitats indicated that general trends may not necessarily be applicable to all areas. A risk assessment indicated that Zn poses the most widespread direct risk to soil fauna and Cd the least. Any risks associated with high metal concentrations are, however, likely to be greatest in habitats such as arable and horticultural, improved grassland and built up areas where soil metal concentrations are more frequently elevated.

Vermicompost as a natural adsorbent: evaluation of simultaneous metals (Pb, Cd) and tetracycline adsorption by sewage sludge-derived vermicompost.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Xin; Zhang, Yaxin; Shen, Maocai; Tian, Ye; Zheng, Kaixuan; Zeng, Guangming

2017-03-01

The simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and organic pollutant (tetracycline (TC)) by a sewage sludge-derived vermicompost was investigated. The maximal adsorption capacity for Pb, Cd, and TC in a single adsorptive system calculated from Langmuir equation was 12.80, 85.20, and 42.94 mg L -1 , while for mixed substances, the adsorption amount was 2.99, 13.46, and 20.89 mg L -1 , respectively. The adsorption kinetics fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model, implying chemical interaction between adsorbates and functional groups, such as -COOH, -OH, -NH, and -CO, as well as the formation of organo-metal complexes. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area measurement were adopted to gain insight into the structural changes and a better understanding of the adsorption mechanism. The sewage sludge-derived vermicompost can be a low cost and environmental benign eco-material for high efficient wastewater remediation.

Band gap tuning and fluorescence properties of lead sulfide Pb0.9A0.1S (A: Fe, Co, and Ni) nanoparticles by transition metal doping

Science.gov (United States)

Parveen, Azra; Agrawal, Shraddha; Azam, Ameer

2018-02-01

Transition metal-doped lead sulfide nanoparticles (PbS-NPs) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The crystallite phase and morphological studies were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Optical studies were performed by UV-Visible absorption, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD analysis reveals that the pure and transition metal-doped PbS- NPs have a single crystalline phase with cubic structure devoided of any other secondary phase. The notable effect on optical absorbance and band gap was observed with transition metal doping in lead sulphide. The optical energy band gap values were found to increase with the doping of transition metal. UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence emission spectra display a blue shift with subsequent transition metal doping which may arise due to quantum confinement effect making it worth for having applications in optoelectronic devices.

Evolution of fast reactor core spectra in changing a heavy liquid metal coolant by molten PB-208

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blokhin, D. A.; Mitenkova, E. F. [Nuclear Safety Inst., Russian Academy of Sciences, B. Tulskaya 52, Moscow, 115119 (Russian Federation); Khorasanov, G. L.; Zemskov, E. A.; Blokhin, A. I. [State Scientific Center, Russian Federation, Inst. of Physics and Power Engineering, Bondarenko Square 1, Obninsk, 249033 (Russian Federation)

2012-07-01

In the paper neutron spectra of fast reactor cooled with lead-bismuth or lead-208 are given. It is shown that in changing the coolant from lead-bismuth to lead-208 the core neutron spectra of the fast reactor FR RBEC-M are hardening in whole by several percents when a little share of low energy neutrons (5 eV - 50 keV) is slightly increasing. The shift of spectra to higher energies permits to enhance the fuel fission while the increased share of low energy neutrons provides more effective conversion of uranium-238 into plutonium due to peculiarity of {sup 238}U neutron capture cross section. Good neutron and physical features of molten {sup 208}Pb permit to assume it as perspective coolant for fast reactors and accelerator driven systems. The one-group cross sections of neutron radiation capture, {sigma}(n,g), by {sup 208}Pb, {sup 238}U, {sup 99}Tc, mix of lead and bismuth, {sup nat}Pb-Bi, averaged over neutron spectra of the fast reactor RBEC-M are given. It is shown that one-group cross sections of neutron capture by material of the liquid metal coolant consisted from lead enriched with the stable lead isotope, {sup 208}Pb, are by 4-7 times smaller {sigma}(n,g) for the coolant {sup nat}Pb-Bi. The economy of neutrons in the core cooled with {sup 208}Pb can be used for reducing reactor's initial fuel load, increasing fuel breeding and transmutation of long lived fission products, for example {sup 99}Tc. Good neutron and physical features of lead enriched with {sup 208}Pb permit to consider it as a perspective low neutron absorbing coolant for fast reactors and accelerator driven systems. (authors)

Experimental Study of Liquidus of the "FeO"-SiO2-PbO Slags in Equilibrium with Air and with Metallic Lead

Science.gov (United States)

Shevchenko, Maksym; Hidayat, Taufiq; Hayes, Peter C.; Jak, Evgueni

Limited data are available on phase equilibria of the "FeO"-SiO2-PbO slag system at conditions used in the lead smelting due to difficulties from lead vaporization and interactions with metal and ceramic crucibles. Recently experimental procedures have been developed and successfully applied to complex industrial slag-metal-matte systems involving high temperature equilibration on a primary phase substrate and rapid quenching followed by the electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The liquidus isotherms and invariant lines in the "FeO"-SiO2-PbO slag system in equilibrium with air and with metallic lead have been constructed. Preliminary data compared to the FactSage package predictions demonstrate differences in some aspects, indicating the possibility for further improvement of the thermodynamic database. The present work is a part of the integrated experimental and thermodynamic modelling research program on multi-phase lead systems in support of the optimization and development of complex lead smelting, refining and recycling technologies.

Concentración por tratamiento térmico de metales no férreos (Cu, Pb, Zn... contenidos en algunos residuos metalúrgicos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Menad, N.

1996-06-01

Full Text Available The main purpose of this paper is to describe the results of different thermal treatments of metallurgical wastes, under controlled atmospheres, in order to concentrate their valuable metals. All the results show the metallic concentration yield obtained for the different treatments.

Se describen los resultados de diferentes tratamientos térmicos bajo atmósferas controladas, de tres residuos procedentes de la metalurgia no férrea, con el fin de concentrar los valores metálicos que contienen (Cu, Pb, Zn,.... Los valores metálicos, así como sus rendimientos de concentración en los residuos de tratamiento, se consignan en todos los casos.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron assisted phytoremediation of Pb in sediment: Impacts on metal accumulation and antioxidative system of Lolium perenne.

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Danlian; Qin, Xiang; Peng, Zhiwei; Liu, Yunguo; Gong, Xiaomin; Zeng, Guangming; Huang, Chao; Cheng, Min; Xue, Wenjing; Wang, Xi; Hu, Zhengxun

2018-05-30

Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant, and could result in toxic effects on living organisms. The effects of 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg of nZVI on plant growth, Pb accumulation and antioxidative responses of Lolium perenne were investigated. Results showed that the total Pb contents in L. perenne with the treatment of low concentrations of nZVI (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg) were higher than those in the non-nZVI treatments, and the highest Pb accumulation capacity of 1175.40 μg per pot was observed in L. perenne with the treatment of 100 mg/kg nZVI. However, the total Pb contents in L. perenne decreased at high concentrations of nZVI (1000 and 2000 mg/kg). This might be resulted from the decrease of photosynthetic chlorophyll content and the aggravated oxidative stress induced by the high concentration of nZVI, which caused the decrease of plant biomass and metal accumulation capacity in plant. Moreover, the sequential extraction experiments results showed that the lowest acid soluble fraction of Pb in the sediments was found in the treatment with 100 mg/kg of nZVI, indicating that 100 mg/kg was the optimum concentration for nZVI to assist the phytoremediation of Pb-polluted sediment. To conclude, these findings provide a promising method to remediate Pb-polluted sediment by nZVI assisted phytoremediation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Conseqüências de diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo sobre a contaminação do solo, sedimentos e água por metais pesados

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. E. V. Núñez

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivos determinar a influência de diferentes métodos de preparo do solo sobre as perdas por erosão de metais pesados e avaliar a contaminação dos sedimentos e da água do córrego principal da microbacia de Caetés, município de Paty do Alferes (RJ. A avaliação foi realizada durante os meses de dezembro de 1996 a março de 1997, no ciclo de cultivo do pepino (Cucumis sativus L . Foram utilizadas parcelas do tipo Wischmeier, de tamanho de 22,0 x 4,0 m. Os tratamentos utilizados foram os seguintes: (a aração com trator morro abaixo e queimado (MAQ; (b aração com trator morro abaixo não queimado com restos de vegetação natural entre as linhas (MANQ; (c aração com tração animal em nível, faixas de capim-colonião a cada 7,0 m (AA, e (d cultivo mínimo, com preparo de covas em nível (CM. Avaliaram-se também os teores desses metais nos sedimentos de fundo e na água do córrego principal que drena a microbacia de Caetés. As perdas mais elevadas de metais pesados por erosão foram verificadas no tratamento MAQ, típico da região. Os sedimentos e a água do córrego da microbacia de Caetés mostraram incrementos nos teores totais de Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn e Mn de acordo com a posição de coleta na área. A água coletada no córrego e no açude apresentou concentrações de Cd, Mn e Pb acima dos padrões máximos estabelecidos para água potável. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitem concluir que o uso intensivo de agroquímicos e as elevadas perdas de solo por erosão podem acarretar sérios riscos de contaminação da água do córrego da microbacia que é utilizada pelos animais e para irrigação.

Improving the {sup 210}Pb-chronology of Pb deposition in peat cores from Chao de Lamoso (NW Spain)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olid, Carolina, E-mail: carolina.olid@emg.umu.se [Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå (Sweden); Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Garcia-Orellana, Jordi, E-mail: jordi.garcia@uab.cat [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Masqué, Pere, E-mail: pere.masque@uab.cat [Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra (Spain); Cortizas, Antonio Martínez, E-mail: antonio.martinez.cortizas@usc.es [Departamento de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); and others

2013-01-15

The natural radionuclide {sup 210}Pb is commonly used to establish accurate and precise chronologies for the recent (past 100–150 years) layers of peat deposits. The most widely used {sup 210}Pb-dating model, Constant Rate of Supply (CRS), was applied using data from three peat cores from Chao de Lamoso, an ombrotrophic mire in Galicia (NW Spain). On the basis of the CRS-chronologies, maximum Pb concentrations and enrichment factors (EFs) occurred in the 1960s and late 1970s, consistent with the historical use of Pb. However, maximum Pb fluxes were dated in the 1940s and the late 1960s, 10 to 20 years earlier. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that, although the {sup 210}Pb distribution was mainly (74%) controlled by radioactive decay, about 20% of the {sup 210}Pb flux variability was associated with atmospheric metal pollution, suggesting an extra {sup 210}Pb supply source and thus invalidating the main assumption of the CRS model. When the CRS-ages were recalculated after correcting for the extra input from the {sup 210}Pb inventory of the uppermost peat layers of each core, Pb flux variations were consistent with the historical atmospheric Pb deposition. Our results not only show the robustness of the CRS model to establish accurate chronologies of recent peat deposits but also provide evidence that there are confounding factors that might influence the calculation of reliable peat accumulation rates (and thus also element accumulation rates/fluxes). This study emphasizes the need to verify the hypotheses of {sup 210}Pb-dating models and the usefulness of a full geochemical interpretation of peat bog records. - Highlights: ► Peat cores collected in NW Spain were used to reconstruct recent Pb deposition. ► Applicability of {sup 210}Pb-dating models (CRS) in bogs is discussed based on PCA results. ► Results showed that ∼ 20% of the {sup 210}Pb flux was related to anthropogenic metal pollution. ► Geochemical analysis of bogs is useful to

Evaluation of harmful heavy metal (Hg, Pb and Cd reduction using Halomonas elongata and Tetragenococcus halophilusfor protein hydrolysate product

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruttiya Asksonthon

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Many health claims surrounding antioxidative, antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory properties have been addressed in natural protein hydrolysates, including fermented fish. Besides being sold as animal feed, tuna viscera is used for the production of fermented products like fish sauce and Tai pla, fermented viscera. However, toxic heavy metals including Hg, Pb and Cd have been found in various food items, particularly within the internal organs of tuna. Therefore, the consumption of fermented tuna viscera containing heavy metal involves health risks. Consequently, the detoxification and reduction of these toxic elements are relevant and important issues, particularly with the use of their bacterial cells and metabolic products. Halomonas elongatais a moderately halophilic bacterium which has the ability to remove heavy metal, and is normally found in hypersaline environments. Tetragenococcus halophilusis a moderately halophilic lactic acid bacterium and probiotic which is found in fermented food products, such as fish sauce, shrimp paste, and fermented fish. Some scientific studies have reported using T. halophilus improves amino acid profiles and desirable volatile compounds, in addition to reducing biogenic amine content in fish sauce product. Therefore, it was hypothesized that using H.elongata and T. halophilus could reduce heavy metal content and improve the organoleptic quality of fermented fish viscera product (Tai pla. Objective: This present work attempted to determine the growth characteristic of H. elongataand T. halophilus reared at various NaCl concentrations:10, 15, 20 and 25%. Consequently, heavy metal reduction using these microorganisms reared at optimum NaCl concentration was evaluated. Methods: H. elongate and T. halophilus were reared in saline nutrient broth (SNB and de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS-broth added with NaCl at concentration 10, 15, 20 and 25%, respectively. Cultures at each NaCl content were added

Growth of Pb(Ti,Zr)O 3 thin films by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy

Science.gov (United States)

Avrutin, V.; Liu, H. Y.; Izyumskaya, N.; Xiao, B.; Özgür, Ü.; Morkoç, H.

2009-02-01

Single-crystal Pb(Zr xTi 1-x)O 3 thin films have been grown on (0 0 1) SrTiO 3 and SrTiO 3:Nb substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using metal-organic source of Zr and two different sources of reactive oxygen—RF plasma and hydrogen-peroxide sources. The same growth modes and comparable structural properties were observed for the films grown with both oxygen sources, while the plasma source allowed higher growth rates. The films with x up to 0.4 were single phase, while attempts to increase x beyond gave rise to the ZrO 2 second phase. The effects of growth conditions on growth modes, Zr incorporation, and phase composition of the Pb(Zr xTi 1-x)O 3 films are discussed. Electrical and ferroelectric properties of the Pb(Zr xTi 1-x)O 3 films of ~100 nm in thickness grown on SrTiO 3:Nb were studied using current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and polarization-field measurements. The single-phase films show low leakage currents and large breakdown fields, while the values of remanent polarization are low (around 5 μC/cm 2). It was found that, at high sweep fields, the contribution of the leakage current to the apparent values of remanent polarization can be large, even for the films with large electrical resistivity (˜10 8-10 9 Ω cm at an electric filed of 1 MV/cm). The measured dielectric constant ranges from 410 to 260 for Pb(Zr 0.33Ti 0.67)O 3 and from 313 to 213 for Pb(Zr 0.2Ti 0.8)O 3 in the frequency range from 100 to 1 MHz.

Ensayo de arcillas modificadas con materia orgánica soluble para la eliminación de Cu y Zn

OpenAIRE

Durán, Esperanza; Gámiz, B.; Cox, L.; Hermosín, M.C.

2015-01-01

La contaminación por metales pesados es un tema de gran preocupación. Entre las diversas actividades que contribuyen a aumentar la presencia de metales pesados en el medio ambiente, se encuentra la agricultura. Por ejemplo, el uso de fertilizantes de tipo fosforados y algunos fungicidas incrementan la aparición Cu y Zn en aguas de zonas agrícolas e incluso residuales de la industria agroalimentaria. La eliminación de metales pesados mediante el uso de minerales de la arcilla tipo montmorillon...

Continuous biosorption of Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd in fixed-bed column using algae Gelidium and granulated agar extraction algal waste.

Science.gov (United States)

Vilar, Vítor J P; Loureiro, José M; Botelho, Cidália M S; Boaventura, Rui A R

2008-06-15

Continuous metal ions biosorption from Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd solutions onto seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale and a composite material prepared from an industrial algal waste was performed in a packed bed column. A binary Langmuir equation describes well the equilibrium data and indicates a good adsorption capacity. In the sorption process, Cd and Cu break through the column faster than Pb due to its lower affinity for the biosorbent. An overshoot in the outlet Cd concentration was observed and explained by competitive adsorption between Pb and Cd, whereby the higher Pb affinity for the biosorbent displaces bound Cd ions. A small overshoot happens for Cu adsorption in the presence of Pb ions. Desorption using 0.1 M HNO3 as eluant, was 100% effective. A mass transfer model for the adsorption and desorption processes, considering an external and intraparticle film resistance, adequately simulates the column performance. A binary Langmuir equation was used to describe equilibrium for the saturation process and a mass action law for the desorption process. Elution process is defined as an ion exchange mechanism, between protons and metal ions.

Continuous biosorption of Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd in fixed-bed column using algae Gelidium and granulated agar extraction algal waste

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vilar, Vitor J.P. [LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto (Portugal)], E-mail: vilar@fe.up.pt; Loureiro, Jose M. [LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto (Portugal)], E-mail: loureiro@fe.up.pt; Botelho, Cidalia M.S. [LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto (Portugal)], E-mail: cbotelho@fe.up.pt; Boaventura, Rui A.R. [LSRE-Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering, Departamento de Engenharia Quimica, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto (Portugal)], E-mail: bventura@fe.up.pt

2008-06-15

Continuous metal ions biosorption from Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd solutions onto seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale and a composite material prepared from an industrial algal waste was performed in a packed bed column. A binary Langmuir equation describes well the equilibrium data and indicates a good adsorption capacity. In the sorption process, Cd and Cu break through the column faster than Pb due to its lower affinity for the biosorbent. An overshoot in the outlet Cd concentration was observed and explained by competitive adsorption between Pb and Cd, whereby the higher Pb affinity for the biosorbent displaces bound Cd ions. A small overshoot happens for Cu adsorption in the presence of Pb ions. Desorption using 0.1 M HNO{sub 3} as eluant, was 100% effective. A mass transfer model for the adsorption and desorption processes, considering an external and intraparticle film resistance, adequately simulates the column performance. A binary Langmuir equation was used to describe equilibrium for the saturation process and a mass action law for the desorption process. Elution process is defined as an ion exchange mechanism, between protons and metal ions.

Continuous biosorption of Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd in fixed-bed column using algae Gelidium and granulated agar extraction algal waste

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vilar, Vitor J.P.; Loureiro, Jose M.; Botelho, Cidalia M.S.; Boaventura, Rui A.R.

2008-01-01

Continuous metal ions biosorption from Pb/Cu and Pb/Cd solutions onto seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale and a composite material prepared from an industrial algal waste was performed in a packed bed column. A binary Langmuir equation describes well the equilibrium data and indicates a good adsorption capacity. In the sorption process, Cd and Cu break through the column faster than Pb due to its lower affinity for the biosorbent. An overshoot in the outlet Cd concentration was observed and explained by competitive adsorption between Pb and Cd, whereby the higher Pb affinity for the biosorbent displaces bound Cd ions. A small overshoot happens for Cu adsorption in the presence of Pb ions. Desorption using 0.1 M HNO 3 as eluant, was 100% effective. A mass transfer model for the adsorption and desorption processes, considering an external and intraparticle film resistance, adequately simulates the column performance. A binary Langmuir equation was used to describe equilibrium for the saturation process and a mass action law for the desorption process. Elution process is defined as an ion exchange mechanism, between protons and metal ions

Assessment of heavy metal mobility in mine tailings in the province of Huelva; Evaluacion de la movilidad de metales pesados en residuos mineros de flotacion de mineria metalica en la provincia de Huelva

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Arranz Gonzalez, J. C.; Cala Rivero, V.

2011-07-01

Metallurgic mine wastes often contain high concentrations of potentially toxic elements, the mobility of which may pose an environmental hazard for water and surrounding ecosystems. We have examined the mobility of Ag, As, Cu, Pb and Zn from composite surface samples (0-20 cm) of different pyritic tailings impoundments in the province of Huelva (Spain). These samples were also subject to physical chemical and mineralogical (XRD) characterization. The total metal content of the tailings ranged between 1.89-11.2 ppm for Ag, 72-610 ppm for As, 245-1194 ppm for Cu, 220-11933 for Pb and 41-706 for Zn, all proving to be highly acidic. The mobility of these elements was assessed by using a seven-step sequential extraction procedure and applying the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). We investigated the applicability of TCLP to the tailings by comparing the results with those of the first steps of the sequential extraction procedure. It was found that the pH values remained buffered (close to 4.97) upon adding the TCLP extraction reagent and that the pH values differed significantly from those of the aqueous extracts. This could result in an underestimation of mobile forms compared with those dissolved in water. We may also conclude that due to the presence of specific minerals or to the preference of some elements for acetate ions the results of any assessment of metal mobility in pyritic tailings using the TCLP test may be questionable. (Author) 42 refs.

Pb enamel biomarker: Deposition of pre- and postnatal Pb isotope injection in reconstructed time points along rat enamel transect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rinderknecht, A.L.; Kleinman, M.T.; Ericson, J.E.

2005-01-01

Exposure to lead (Pb) as well as other heavy metals in the environment is still a matter of public health concern. The development of the enamel biomarker for heavy metal exposure assessment is designed to improve studies of dose-effect relationships to developmental anomalies, particularly embryonic dysfunctions, and to provide a time-specific recount of past exposures. The work presented in this paper demonstrates maternal transfer across the placental barrier of the enriched isotope 206 Pb tracer to the enamel of the rat pup. Likewise, injections of 204 Pb-enriched tracer in the neonate rat resulted in deposition of the tracer in the enamel histology as measured by secondary ion microprobe spectrometry. Through enamel, we were able to observe biological removal and assimilation of prenatal and postnatal tracers, respectively. This research demonstrates that enamel can be used as a biomarker of exposure to Pb and may illustrate the toxicokinetics of incorporating Pb into fetal and neonatal steady-state system processes. The biomarker technique, when completely developed, may be applied to cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiological research

Pb II

African Journals Online (AJOL)

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This investigation describes the use of non-living biomass of Aspergillus caespitosus for removal of ... Pb(II) production has exceeded 3.5 million tons per year. It has been used in the ... This biomass was selected after screening a wide range of microbes. .... prolonged, which proved better biopolymer in metal uptake (Gadd ...

Technology for cleaning of Pb-Bi adhering to steel (1). Basic tests

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saito, Shigeru; Sasa, Toshinobu; Umeno, Makoto; Kurata, Yuji; Kikuchi, Kenji; Futakawa, Masatoshi

2004-12-01

The accelerator driven system (ADS) is proposed to transmute minor actinides (MA) in high-level waste from spent fuels of nuclear power reactors. Liquid Pb-Bi alloy is a candidate material for spallation target and coolant of ADS. Pb-Bi cleaning technology is required to reduce radiation exposure during maintenance service and to decontaminate replaced components. In this study, three cleaning methods were tested; silicon oil cleaning at 170degC, mixture of acetic acid and nitric acid cleaning. Specimens were prepared by immersion in melted Pb-Bi. After silicon oil tests, most of Pb-Bi remained on the surface of the specimens. It was found that blushing was needed to remove Pb-Bi effectively. On the other hands, Pb-Bi was easily dissolved and almost removed in the mixed acid and nitric acid. Silicon oil cleaning did not affect on base metals. The surface of base metals was slightly blacked after mixed acid cleaning. F82H base metals were corroded by nitric acid. (author)

Acúmulo de metais pesados em solos cultivados com cana-de-açúcar pelo uso contínuo de adubação fosfatada e água de irrigação

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. F. G. P. Ramalho

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Com vistas em verificar se a utilização de fertilizantes fosfatados e irrigação com água poluída trazem elevação dos teores de metais pesados no solo, amostras de um Podzólico Amarelo e de dois Latossolos Amarelos, que receberam fertilizante fosfatado, desde 1968, e de um Cambissolo irrigado com água do rio Paraíba do Sul, desde 1978, cultivados com cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp. em Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, foram analisadas quanto aos teores totais de Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb e Zn. Os resultados mostraram que os solos que receberam fertilizantes fosfatados durante 25 anos apresentaram aumento significativo de Cd quando comparados com áreas-controle, sem, contudo, elevá-los a níveis críticos. O Cambissolo irrigado durante 15 anos apresentou aumentos significativos de Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni e Pb, tendo os resultados da extração seqüencial mostrado que a maior percentagem desses elementos encontra-se na fração residual, de baixa biodisponibilidade e mobilidade.

Safety performance comparation of MOX, nitride and metallic fuel based 25-100 MWe Pb-Bi cooled long life fast reactors without on-site refuelling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Su'ud, Zaki

2008-01-01

In this paper the safety performance of 25-100 MWe Pb-Bi cooled long life fast reactors based on three types of fuels: MOX, nitride and metal is compared and discussed. In the fourth generation NPP paradigm, especially for Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors, inherent safety capability is necessary against some standard accidents such as unprotected loss of flow (ULOF), unprotected rod run-out transient over power (UTOP), unprotected loss of heat sink (ULOHS). Selection of fuel type will have important impact on the overall system safety performance. The results of safety analysis of long life Pb-Bi cooled fast reactors without on-site fuelling using nitride, MOX and metal fuel have been performed. The reactors show the inherent safety pattern with enough safety margins during ULOF and UTOP accidents. For MOX fuelled reactors, ULOF accident is more severe than UTOP accident while for nitride fuelled cores UTOP accident may push power much higher than that comparable MOX fuelled cores. (author)

Mapping airborne lead contamination near a metals smelter in Derbyshire, UK: spatial variation of Pb concentration and 'enrichment factor' for tree bark.

Science.gov (United States)

Bellis, D; Cox, A J; Staton, I; McLeod, C W; Satake, K

2001-10-01

Samples of tree bark, collected over an area of 4 km2 near a small non-ferrous metals smelter in Derbyshire, UK, were analysed for Pb and Al by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Analyte concentrations varied from 100 to over 25,000 mg kg-1 and 5 to 1000 mg kg-1, respectively. While an inverse relationship between the Pb content of bark and distance from the smelter was observed, concentrations fluctuated, indicating a variability in sample collection efficiency and problems in standardization. To overcome these effects, the Pb/Al ratio was calculated and subsequently normalized to the average Pb/Al ratio in continental crust (0.00015). On the assumption that the time-averaged concentration of airborne Al in this area is relatively constant and derived principally from wind-blown soil, the measurement represents an anthropogenic 'enrichment factor' (PbEF). PbEF varied from 10,000 to over 1,000,000, and showed a consistent reduction with distance from the smelter. Isolines of equal PbEF were subsequently defined on a map of the sampled area. Pb contamination was greatest in the vicinity of the smelter, and preferential transport along the NW-SE axis of the valley (in which the smelter is situated) was observed. The use of enrichment factors thus proved valuable in defining the relative level of airborne-derived Pb pollution.

Responses of different water spinach cultivars and their hybrid to Cd, Pb and Cd-Pb exposures.

Science.gov (United States)

Xin, Junliang; Huang, Baifei; Yang, Zhongyi; Yuan, Jiangang; Dai, Hongwen; Qiu, Qiu

2010-03-15

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the stability of Cd and/or Pb accumulation in shoot of Cd and Pb pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs), the hereditary pattern of shoot Cd accumulation, and the transfer potentials of Cd and Pb in water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.). A typical Cd-PSC, a typical non-Cd-PSC (Cd accumulative cultivar), a hybrid from the former two cultivars, and two typical Cd+Pb-PSCs were grown in seven soils with different concentrations of Cd and Pb. The results showed that concentrations of Cd and Pb in shoot of the PSCs were always lower than the non-PSC and the highest Cd and Pb transfer factors were also always observed in the non-PSC, indicating the stability of the PSCs in Cd and Pb accumulation. Shoot Cd concentration seemed to be controlled by high Cd dominant gene(s) and thus crossbreeding might not minimize Cd accumulation in water spinach. Interaction between Cd and Pb in soils affected the accumulations of the metals in shoot of water spinach. Under middle Cd and Pb treatments, the presence of higher Pb promoted the accumulation of Cd. However, under high Pb treatment, accumulations of Cd and Pb were both restricted. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contamination of soil by heavy metals in the mining Sierra of Cartegena La Union and its environment (Southeast Spain); Contaminacion de suelos por metales pesados en la sierra minera de Cartagena La Union y su entorno (Sureste de Espana)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belmonte Serrato, F.; Rojo Lopez, S.; Romero Diaz, A.; Moreno Brotons, J.; Alonso Sarria, F.

2009-07-01

This paper analyzes the metal pollution in natural, agricultural and mineral-industrial soils in the Sierra of Cartagena La Union and its adjacent area. The analysis was conducted on 52 soil samples randomly selected and 23 samples form the bed of the channels draining to the Mar Menor and the Mediterranean sea. The results indicate high concentrations of metals that exceed, in many cases, the maximum allowable by the relevant laws of various countries, including Spain. Of note is the excessive contamination by lead (Pb) and Cinz (Zn) that doubles or even triples the maximum of the most permissive laws. (Author) 9 refs.

A green preparation method of battery grade α-PbO based on Pb-O2 fuel cell

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Pingyuan; Pan, Junqing; Gong, Shumin; Sun, Yanzhi

2017-08-01

In order to solve the problem of high pollution and high energy consumption of the current lead oxide (PbO) preparation processes, a new clean and energy saving preparation method for high purity α-PbO via discharge of a Pb-O2 fuel cell is reported. The fuel cell with metallic lead anode, oxygen cathode, and 30% NaOH electrolyte can provide a discharge voltage of 0.66-0.38 V corresponding to discharge current range of 5-50 mA cm-2. PbO is precipitated from the NaHPbO2-containing electrolyte through a cooling crystallization process after discharge process, and the XRD patterns indicate the structure is pure α-PbO. The mother liquid after crystallization can be recycled for the next batch. The obtained PbO mixed with 60% Shimadzu PbO is superior to the pure Shimadzu PbO in discharge capacity and cycle ability.

Characterization of Pb(Zr, Ti)O sub 3 thin films prepared by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition using a solid delivery system

CERN Document Server

Shin, J C; Hwang, C S; Kim, H J; Lee, J M

1999-01-01

Pb(Zr, Ti)O sub 3 (PZT) thin films were deposited on Pt/SiO sub 2 /Si substrates by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition technique using a solid delivery system to improve the reproducibility of the deposition. The self-regulation mechanism, controlling the Pb-content of the film, was observed to work above a substrate temperature of 620 .deg. C. Even with the self-regulation mechanism, PZT films having low leakage current were obtained only when the molar mixing ratio of the input precursors was 1<Pb/(Zr+Ti)<1.4. The leakage current mechanism of the Pt/PZT/Pt capacitor was Schottky emission with a barrier height of 1.36 eV.

Biosorption of Pb2+ using Trichoderma viride as Alternative Solution for Heavy Metal Pollution in the Waters

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Rensani Taloin

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Lead(II is considered as the main cause of pollutant that is toxic, corrosive, and irritant. One method that can be applied for reducing Pb(II in the environment is by using microorganisms. In this work, the study of biosorption of Pb(II in the water samples was conducted using Trichoderma viride. The research is focused on determination of optimum conditions including pH, biosorption time, and initial concentration of Pb(II used. The profiles in functional groups contained in the T. viride have been monitored using FT-IR spectrophotometry. Results showed that the maximum biosorption of Pb(II achieved at pH 4.5, with equilibrium of contact time of 20 h, optimum concentration of 50 mg/L, and adsorption capacity of 85 mg/1x106 T. viride colonies. The FTIR results indicated that biosorption process changed the functional groups in the T. viride. These have shown in the absorption bands at ~3200 cm-1, ~2850 cm-1, ~2260 cm-1, ~1650 cm-1, ~1450 cm-1, 1180 cm-1, and in the finger printing regions. The biosorption mechanism was proposed through the adsorption process between positively charged metal ions and the negative charge on the functional groups, such as -COO-, -OPO32-, and –NH2-, on the cell surface.

Qualitative aspects of biomonitoring: Sphagnum auriculatum response vs. aerosol metal concentrations (Pb, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) in the Porto urban atmosphere

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teresa, M.; Vasconcelos, S.D.; Tavares Laquipai, H.M.F.

2000-01-01

Bags of S. auriculatum and a low-volume aerosol sampler provided with 0.8 μm pore size filters were exposed, in parallel, to the atmosphere of Porto, at different sampling points and in different periods of time, between 1991 and 1997. The levels of lead in the moss (weekly samples) and in the filters (daily samples) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and the results were compared. Living S. auriculatum exposed in bags to the Porto atmosphere died in several weeks (about a month), but continued to sorb metals from the atmosphere for about another month. In dry weather periods (relative humidity ≤ 76%) the rate of lead uptake by moss was approximately constant and proportional to the levels of the metal in atmospheric aerosols. A converting factor [CF=parallel-Pb-parallel moss (μg/g.day)/ parallel-Pb-parallel air (μg/m 3 )] allowed conversion of the lead levels in S. auriculatum to those in the atmospheric aerosols. Because the moss fixed lead from gas, aerosol and particulate matter, the rate of sorption depends markedly on the distance to the lead sources (mainly traffic) and on surrounding obstacles which retain particles. Therefore, specific calibration by mechanic monitoring, at each sampling point is required in a first stage of biomonitoring, when moss bag samplers are used to provide quantitative information about lead levels in the atmosphere. The mean Pb levels were ≤ 0.5 μg/m 3 and approximately constants at each sample point up to January 1996. After that date it decreased about 50%, in consequence of the reduction of the Pb concentration in leaded gasoline. In wet weather periods, higher but irregular rate of lead uptake was observed. In contrast, the lead levels in atmospheric aerosols decreased when the humidity increased due to wet deposition. Therefore, no proportionality between lead levels in the moss and in air were found. For about two months, in 1994, during a dry weather period, the levels of Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni

Resistivity behavior of optimized PbTiO3 thin films prepared by spin coating method

Science.gov (United States)

Nurbaya, Z.; Wahid, M. H.; Rozana, M. D.; Alrokayan, S. A. H.; Khan, H. A.; Rusop, M.

2018-05-01

Th is study presents the resistivity behavior of PbTiO3 thin films which were prepared towards metal-insulator-metal capacitor device fabrication. The PbTiO3 thin films were prepared through sol-gel spin coating method that involved various deposition parameters that is (1) different molar concentration of PbTiO3 solutions, (2) various additional PbAc-content in PbTiO3 solutions, and (3) various annealing temperature on PbTiO3 thin films. Hence, an electrical measurement of current versus voltage was done to determine the resistivity behavior of PbTiO3 thin films.

Estudio de la capacidad de los hidroxiapatitos como reactivos para la eliminación de metales

OpenAIRE

Toribio Jiménez, Eva

2015-01-01

El Trabajo de Fin de Grado se ha centrado en el estudio de la capacidad que tienen los hidroxiapatitos, como materiales reactivos para eliminar metales de disoluciones acuosas. En el mismo, se evaluaran diferentes formas de hidroxiapatitos, tanto sintetizados siguiendo rutas a alta temperatura y a temperatura ambiente, así como un tipo de hidroxiapatita natural de origen animal y se han elegido dos metales pesados de interés ambiental, bien por su impacto sobre la salud humana o sobre los ...

First principles investigation of half-metallicity and spin gapless semiconductor in CH3NH3Cr x Pb1- x I3 mixed perovskites

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, H. M.; Zhu, Z. W.; Zhang, C. K.; He, Z. D.; Luo, S. J.

2018-04-01

The structural, electronic and magnetic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid mixed perovskites CH3NH3Cr x Pb1- x I3 ( x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) in cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases have been investigated by first-principles calculation. The results indicate that the tetragonal CH3NH3Cr0.75Pb0.25I3 is a spin gapless semiconductor with Curie temperature of 663 K estimated using mean field approximation. All other CH3NH3Cr x Pb1- x I3 mixed perovskites are half-metallic ferromagnets together with 100% spin polarization, and their total magnetic moment are 4.00, 8.00, 12.00 and 16.00 µB per unit cell for x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00, respectively. The effect of , and orientation of organic cation CH3NH3 + on the electronic properties of CH3NH3Cr0.50Pb0.50I3 was investigated. The results show that the CH3NH3 + in different orientations have a slight effect on the lattice constants, the energy gap in minority-spin states, half-metallic gap, local magnetic moment, and Curie temperature.

A review of Pb-Sb(As-S, Cu(Ag-Fe(Zn-Sb(As-S, Ag(Pb-Bi(Sb-S and Pb-Bi-S(Te sulfosalt systems from the Boranja orefield, West Serbia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Radosavljević Slobodan A.

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Recent mineralogical, chemical, physical, and crystallographic investigations of the Boranja orefield showed very complex mineral associations and assemblages where sulfosalts have significant role. The sulfosalts of the Boranja orefield can be divided in four main groups: (i Pb-Sb(As-S system with ±Fe and ±Cu; (ii Cu(Ag-Fe(Zn-Sb(As-S system; (iii Ag(Pb-Bi(Sb-S; (iv and Pb-Bi-S(Te system. Spatially, these sulfosalts are widely spread, however, they are the most abundant in the following polymetallic deposits and ore zones: Cu(Bi-FeS Kram-Mlakva; Pb(Ag-Zn-FeS2 Veliki Majdan (Kolarica-Centralni revir-Kojići; Sb-Zn-Pb-As Rujevac; and Pb-Zn-FeS2-BaSO4 Bobija. The multi stage formation of minerals, from skarnhydrothermal to complex hydrothermal with various stages and sub-stages has been determined. All hydrothermal stages and sub-stages of various polymetallic deposits and ore zones within the Boranja orefield are followed by a variety of sulfosalts. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI-176016: Magmatism and geodynamics of the Balkan Peninsula from Mesozoic to present day: Significance for the formation of metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits

Centennial record of anthropogenic impacts in Galveston Bay: Evidence from trace metals (Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn) and lignin oxidation products.

Science.gov (United States)

Al Mukaimi, Mohammad E; Kaiser, Karl; Williams, Joshua R; Dellapenna, Timothy M; Louchouarn, Patrick; Santschi, Peter H

2018-06-01

During the 20th century the impacts of industrialization and urbanization in Galveston Bay resulted in significant shifts in trace metals (Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn) and vascular plant biomarkers (lignin phenols) recorded within the surface sediments and sediment cores profile. A total of 22 sediment cores were collected in Galveston Bay in order to reconstruct the historical input of Hg, Pb, Ni, Zn and terrestrial organic matter. Total Hg (T-Hg) concentration ranged between 6 and 162 ng g -1 in surface sediments, and showed decreasing concentrations southward from the Houston Ship Channel (HSC) toward the open estuary. Core profiles of T-Hg and trace metals (Ni, Zn) showed substantial inputs starting in 1905, with peak concentrations between 1960 and 1970's, and decreasing thereafter with exception to Pb, which peaked around 1930-1940s. Stable carbon isotopes and lignin phenols showed an increasing input of terrestrial organic matter driven by urban development within the watershed in the early 1940s. Both the enrichment factor and the geoaccumulation index (I geo ) for T-Hg as a measure of the effectiveness of environmental management practices showed substantial improvements since the 1970s. The natural recovery rate in Galveston Bay since the peak input of T-Hg was non-linear and displayed a slow recovery during the twenty-first century. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fungal inoculation and elevated CO2 mediate growth of Lolium mutiforum and Phytolacca americana, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability in metal-contaminated soil: evidence from DGT measurement.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Ningning; Wang, Fangli; Zhang, Changbo; Tang, Shirong; Guo, Junkang; Ju, Xuehai; Smith, Donald L

2013-01-01

Fungal inoculation and elevated CO2 may mediate plant growth and uptake of heavy metals, but little evidence from Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) measurement has been obtained to characterize the process. Lolium mutiforum and Phytolacca americana were grown at ambient and elevated CO2 on naturally Cd and Pb contaminated soils inoculated with and without Trichoderma asperellum strain C3 or Penicillium chrysogenum strain D4, to investigate plant growth, metal uptake, and metal bioavailability responses. Fungal inoculation increased plant biomass and shoot/root Cd and Pb concentrations. Elevated CO2 significantly increased plants biomass, but decreased Cd and Pb concentrations in shoot/root to various extents, leading to a metal dilution phenomenon. Total Cd and Pb uptake by plants, and DGT-measured Cd and Pb concentrations in rhizosphere soils, were higher in all fungal inoculation and elevated CO2 treatments than control treatments, with the combined treatments having more influence than either treatment alone. Metal dilution phenomenon occurred because the increase in DGT-measured bioavailable metal pools in plant rhizosphere due to elevated CO2 was unable to match the increase in requirement for plant uptake of metals due to plant biomass increase.

Investigation of the potential for concealed base-metal mineralization at the Drenchwater Creek Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, northern Alaska, using geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, and airborne electromagnetic geophysics

Science.gov (United States)

Graham, Garth E.; Deszcz-Pan, Maria; Abraham, Jared E.; Kelley, Karen D.

2011-01-01

In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey, Bureau of Land Management, and State of Alaska cooperated on an investigation of the mineral potential of a southern part of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, Howard Pass quadrangle, to provide background information for future land-use decisions. The investigation incorporated an airborne electromagnetic (EM) survey covering 1,500 mi2 (~3,900 km2), including flight lines directly over the Drenchwater Creek sediment-hosted Zn-Pb-Ag occurrence, the largest known base-metal occurrence in the survey area. Samples from the mineralized outcrop and rubblecrop contain metal concentrations that can exceed 11 percent Zn+Pb, with appreciable amounts of Ag. Soil samples with anomalous Pb concentrations are distributed near the sulfide-bearing outcrops and along a >2.5 km zone comprising mudstone, shale, and volcanic rocks of the Kuna Formation.

Pb detoxification in Equisetum diffusum

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Deepak Pant

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Current research highlights the use of aquatic macrophyte Equisetum diffusum (Himalayan horsetail for lead detoxification. This plant species can grow in waste cathode ray tube (CRT powder and absorbs its Pb. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF analysis of plant ash shows that 68 mg/kg lead concentration in the untreated plant was improved to 7600 mg/kg in CRT powder after 90 days. The role of monosilicic and/or monoplumbic acid as reaction intermediates for Pb detoxification and associated bioaccumulation is proposed. Pb detoxification in E. diffusum is mainly rendering around the iso-electronic nature of Pb and Si and forms similar phytochelatin (PC complexes with available family of peptide ligands. The study focuses on the underlying functions of silicon containing plants in metal detoxification.

Subcellular partitioning of metals in Aporrectodea caliginosa along a gradient of metal exposure in 31 field-contaminated soils

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beaumelle, Léa [INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, 78026 Versailles Cedex (France); Gimbert, Frédéric [Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 University of Franche-Comté/CNRS Usc INRA, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon Cedex (France); Hedde, Mickaël [INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, 78026 Versailles Cedex (France); Guérin, Annie [INRA, US 0010 LAS Laboratoire d' analyses des sols, 273 rue de Cambrai, 62000 Arras (France); Lamy, Isabelle, E-mail: lamy@versailles.inra.fr [INRA, UR 251 PESSAC, 78026 Versailles Cedex (France)

2015-07-01

Subcellular fractionation of metals in organisms was proposed as a better way to characterize metal bioaccumulation. Here we report the impact of a laboratory exposure to a wide range of field-metal contaminated soils on the subcellular partitioning of metals in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Soils moderately contaminated were chosen to create a gradient of soil metal availability; covering ranges of both soil metal contents and of several soil parameters. Following exposure, Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined both in total earthworm body and in three subcellular compartments: cytosolic, granular and debris fractions. Three distinct proxies of soil metal availability were investigated: CaCl{sub 2}-extractable content dissolved content predicted by a semi-mechanistic model and free ion concentration predicted by a geochemical speciation model. Subcellular partitionings of Cd and Pb were modified along the gradient of metal exposure, while stable Zn partitioning reflected regulation processes. Cd subcellular distribution responded more strongly to increasing soil Cd concentration than the total internal content, when Pb subcellular distribution and total internal content were similarly affected. Free ion concentrations were better descriptors of Cd and Pb subcellular distribution than CaCl{sub 2} extractable and dissolved metal concentrations. However, free ion concentrations and soil total metal contents were equivalent descriptors of the subcellular partitioning of Cd and Pb because they were highly correlated. Considering lowly contaminated soils, our results raise the question of the added value of three proxies of metal availability compared to soil total metal content in the assessment of metal bioavailability to earthworm. - Highlights: • Earthworms were exposed to a wide panel of historically contaminated soils • Subcellular partitioning of Cd, Pb and Zn was investigated in earthworms • Three proxies of soil metal availability were

Pollution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in the soil-plant system and the sediment-water column around a former Pb/Zn-mining area in NE Morocco.

Science.gov (United States)

El Azhari, Abdellah; Rhoujjati, Ali; El Hachimi, Moulay Laârabi; Ambrosi, Jean-Paul

2017-10-01

This study discussed the environmental fate and ecological hazards of heavy metals in the soil-plant system and sediment-water column around the former Pb-Zn mining Zeïda district, in Northeastern Morocco. Spatial distribution, pollution indices, and cluster analysis were applied for assessing Pb, Zn, As, Cu and Cd pollution levels and risks. The geo-accumulation index (I geo ) was determined using two different geochemical backgrounds: i) the commonly used upper crust values, ii) local geochemical background calculated with exploratory data analysis. The soils in the vicinity of the tailings, as well as the sediments downstream of the latter, displayed much higher metal concentrations, I geo, and potential ecology risk coefficient values than other sites, classifying these sites as highly contaminated and severely hazardous. The concentrations of Pb in contaminated sediment samples also exceeded the PEC limits and are expected to cause harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms. Based on the comparison with the toxicity limits, the most contaminated plant samples were found around the tailings piles. The metal concentrations in both raw and filtrated water samples were overall below the drinking water standards in samples upstream and downstream of the mining center, indicating that heavy metals levels in the Moulouya River surface waters were not affected by the tailings spill. Cluster analysis suggest that: i) Pb and Zn in sediments were derived from the abandoned tailings and are mainly stored and transported as particle-bound to the bedload, ii) Pb, Zn, and Cu in the soil-plant system were related to the dispersion of tailings materials while As and Cd originated primarily from natural geological background in both the soil-plant and the water-sediment systems. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Source discrimination of atmospheric metal deposition by multi-metal isotopes in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Jinling; Bi, Xiangyang; Li, Fanglin; Wang, Pengcong; Wu, Jin

2018-05-12

Concentrations of heavy metals, as well as isotopic compositions of mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb), in mosses (Bryum argenteum) from the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region were investigated to decipher the sources of atmospheric metals in this region. Higher contents of metals (0.90 ± 0.65 mg/kg of Cd, 24.6 ± 27.4 mg/kg of Cu, and 36.1 ± 51.1 mg/kg of Pb) in the mosses from TGR were found compared with those from pollution-free regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) grouped the moss metals into four main components which were associated with both anthropogenic and natural sources. The ratios of Pb isotopes of the mosses (1.153-1.173 for 206 Pb/ 207 Pb and 2.094-2.129 for 208 Pb/ 206 Pb) fell between those of the traffic emissions and coals. Similarly, the compositions of δ 202 Hg (-4.29∼-2.33‰) and Δ 199 Hg (within ±0.2‰) were comparable to those of the coals and coal combustion emissions from China and India. These joined results of Pb and Hg isotope data give solid evidences that the coal combustion and traffic emissions are the main causes of metal accumulation in the TGR region. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

210Pb targets for nuclear spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maier, H.J.; Grossmann, R.

1987-01-01

The preparation of metallic 210 Pb targets by vacuum evaporation condensation is described. Lead-210, which is highly radioactive, is available as nitrate in 3M HNO 3 . Solid Pb(NO 3 ) 2 is extracted from this solution and subjected to a reductive evaporation procedure. A special-shaped evaporation crucible yields a collection efficiency of 2.8 mg/cm 2 per milligram of employed material. (orig.)

Heavy metal extraction from produced water in the petroleum industry utilizing vegetal oil derivatives as the extractant; Extracao de metais pesados a partir de aguas produzidas na industria do petroleo utilizando derivados de oleo vegetal como extratante

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Santana, Dulcineia de Castro [Centro Federal de Educacao Tecnologica de Goias (CEFET/GO), Goiania (Brazil). Coordenacao de Mineracao], e-mail: dcs@cefetgo.br, e-mail: dcs@eq.ufrn.br; Paulo, Joao Bosco de Araujo [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (Brazil). Centro de Tecnologia. Dept. de Engenharia Quimica], e-mail: jbosco@eq.ufrn.br; Lima, Raquel Franco de Souza [Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal (Brazil). Centro de Ciencias Exatas e da Terra. Dept. de Geologia], e-mail: raquel@geologia.ufrn.br; Brandao, Paulo Roberto Gomes [Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil). Escola de Engenharia], e-mail: pbrandao@demin.ufmg.br; Fernandes Junior, Wilaci Eutropio [PETROBRAS, RN/CE (Brazil). Unidade de Negocio de Exploracao e Producao do Rio Grande do Norte e Ceara. Gerencia de Desenvolvimento da Producao], e-mail: wilaci@petrobras.com.br

2007-12-15

It is well known today that, although being a renewable resource, potable water could also be finite. In the environmental context, very often due to operational costs, the development of new water recycling techniques become significant when faced with the simple adaptation of effluent treatment before final disposal. Produced water comes from exploration operations and/or the production of oil and gas and is generally treated. Following the treatment, part of the produced water is recycled in secondary re-injection operations or steam generation. The remainder, which is the biggest amount, is expelled into the sea through underwater outlets. Millions of liters of water are expelled per day, containing heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) in low concentrations. Some of this volume could be recycled for use in the irrigation of oleaginous cultures after this water has been given a suitable post-treatment. This treatment being specified in agreement with Class 3, of CONAMA Resolution No 357 (Brazil, 2005), which establishes the contents as <0,033 mg/L for Pb, <0,01 mg/L for Cd and <0,025 mg/L for Ni. Liquid-liquid extraction is a well known technology for the recovery of metals in aqueous mediums. This work studies the extraction of Pb, Cd, and Ni from a synthetic solution, using QAV solvent (aviation kerosene); and vegetal oil derivatives as the extractant. It is well known that vegetal oil derivatives have a strong complexation power on metals. A bench test basic investigation was made with the objective of studying the selectivity of coconut oil derivatives in the extraction of metals from synthetic solutions. The determination of the heavy metal concentrations in a complex matrix was made by using the atomic absorption spectrometry technique (AAS). The results of the preliminary experiments were promising. (author)