Surveillance of the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV) infection in healthcare workers after contact with confirmed MERS patients: incidence and risk factors of MERS-CoV seropositivity.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, C-J; Choi, W S; Jung, Y; Kiem, S; Seol, H Y; Woo, H J; Choi, Y H; Son, J S; Kim, K-H; Kim, Y-S; Kim, E S; Park, S H; Yoon, J H; Choi, S-M; Lee, H; Oh, W S; Choi, S-Y; Kim, N-J; Choi, J-P; Park, S Y; Kim, J; Jeong, S J; Lee, K S; Jang, H C; Rhee, J Y; Kim, B-N; Bang, J H; Lee, J H; Park, S; Kim, H Y; Choi, J K; Wi, Y-M; Choi, H J

2016-10-01

Given the mode of transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), healthcare workers (HCWs) in contact with MERS patients are expected to be at risk of MERS infections. We evaluated the prevalence of MERS coronavirus (CoV) immunoglobulin (Ig) G in HCWs exposed to MERS patients and calculated the incidence of MERS-affected cases in HCWs. We enrolled HCWs from hospitals where confirmed MERS patients had visited. Serum was collected 4 to 6 weeks after the last contact with a confirmed MERS patient. We performed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to screen for the presence of MERS-CoV IgG and an indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) to confirm MERS-CoV IgG. We used a questionnaire to collect information regarding the exposure. We calculated the incidence of MERS-affected cases by dividing the sum of PCR-confirmed and serology-confirmed cases by the number of exposed HCWs in participating hospitals. In total, 1169 HCWs in 31 hospitals had contact with 114 MERS patients, and among the HCWs, 15 were PCR-confirmed MERS cases in study hospitals. Serologic analysis was performed for 737 participants. ELISA was positive in five participants and borderline for seven. IIFT was positive for two (0.3%) of these 12 participants. Among the participants who did not use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), seropositivity was 0.7% (2/294) compared to 0% (0/443) in cases with appropriate PPE use. The incidence of MERS infection in HCWs was 1.5% (17/1169). The seroprevalence of MERS-CoV IgG among HCWs was higher among participants who did not use appropriate PPE. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Environmental Contamination and Viral Shedding in MERS Patients During MERS-CoV Outbreak in South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Bin, Seo Yu; Heo, Jung Yeon; Song, Min-Suk; Lee, Jacob; Kim, Eun-Ha; Park, Su-Jin; Kwon, Hyeok-Il; Kim, Se Mi; Kim, Young-Il; Si, Young-Jae; Lee, In-Won; Baek, Yun Hee; Choi, Won-Suk; Min, Jinsoo; Jeong, Hye Won; Choi, Young Ki

2016-03-15

Although Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is characterized by a risk of nosocomial transmission, the detailed mode of transmission and period of virus shedding from infected patients are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to investigate the potential role of environmental contamination by MERS-CoV in healthcare settings and to define the period of viable virus shedding from MERS patients. We investigated environmental contamination from 4 patients in MERS-CoV units of 2 hospitals. MERS-CoV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viable virus was isolated by cultures. Many environmental surfaces of MERS patient rooms, including points frequently touched by patients or healthcare workers, were contaminated by MERS-CoV. Viral RNA was detected up to five days from environmental surfaces following the last positive PCR from patients' respiratory specimens. MERS-CoV RNA was detected in samples from anterooms, medical devices, and air-ventilating equipment. In addition, MERS-CoV was isolated from environmental objects such as bed sheets, bedrails, IV fluid hangers, and X-ray devices. During the late clinical phase of MERS, viable virus could be isolated in 3 of the 4 enrolled patients on day 18 to day 25 after symptom onset. Most of touchable surfaces in MERS units were contaminated by patients and health care workers and the viable virus could shed through respiratory secretion from clinically fully recovered patients. These results emphasize the need for strict environmental surface hygiene practices, and sufficient isolation period based on laboratory results rather than solely on clinical symptoms. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

Laevaühenduse puudumine surub Ruhnu saare vägisi ääremaaks / Mari Kodres

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kodres, Mari

2009-01-01

Ruhnu ja mandri vahel puudub regulaarne laevaühendus, Ruhnu vallavalitsus süüdistab veokorralduse eest vastutavat Saare maavalitsust SLK huvide teenimises. Sõlmimisel on leping Saksa lennufirmaga Luftverkehr Friesland Brunzema und Partner

Sur terre comme sur mer: organisations spatiales en mer du Nord et mer de Norvège

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maryvonne LE BERRE

1998-09-01

Full Text Available L'article montre, au moyen de représentations cartographiques et graphiques, les structures spatiales développées en mer pour l'exploitation des hydrocarbures. Malgré les différences de milieu, l'appropriation et l'occupation territoriales du domaine maritime s'effectuent selon les mêmes principes que sur le continent, à ceci près que ce qui s'étale en surface sur le continent se développe à la verticale en mer.

Extensive Viable Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus Contamination in Air and Surrounding Environment in MERS Isolation Wards.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Sung-Han; Chang, So Young; Sung, Minki; Park, Ji Hoon; Bin Kim, Hong; Lee, Heeyoung; Choi, Jae-Phil; Choi, Won Suk; Min, Ji-Young

2016-08-01

The largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outside the Middle East occurred in South Korea in 2015 and resulted in 186 laboratory-confirmed infections, including 36 (19%) deaths. Some hospitals were considered epicenters of infection and voluntarily shut down most of their operations after nearly half of all transmissions occurred in hospital settings. However, the ways that MERS-CoV is transmitted in healthcare settings are not well defined. We explored the possible contribution of contaminated hospital air and surfaces to MERS transmission by collecting air and swabbing environmental surfaces in 2 hospitals treating MERS-CoV patients. The samples were tested by viral culture with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using MERS-CoV Spike antibody, and electron microscopy (EM). The presence of MERS-CoV was confirmed by RT-PCR of viral cultures of 4 of 7 air samples from 2 patients' rooms, 1 patient's restroom, and 1 common corridor. In addition, MERS-CoV was detected in 15 of 68 surface swabs by viral cultures. IFA on the cultures of the air and swab samples revealed the presence of MERS-CoV. EM images also revealed intact particles of MERS-CoV in viral cultures of the air and swab samples. These data provide experimental evidence for extensive viable MERS-CoV contamination of the air and surrounding materials in MERS outbreak units. Thus, our findings call for epidemiologic investigation of the possible scenarios for contact and airborne transmission, and raise concern regarding the adequacy of current infection control procedures. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

Science.gov (United States)

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; MERS-CoV; Novel coronavirus; nCoV ... for Disease Control and Prevention website. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS): Frequently asked questions and answers. www. ...

Ole Rømers mange talenter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Pedersen, Kurt Møller

2005-01-01

Artiklen giver en oversigt over Ole Rømers videnskabelige liv som astronom, fysiker og matematiker samt hans betydning som kongelig embedsmand.......Artiklen giver en oversigt over Ole Rømers videnskabelige liv som astronom, fysiker og matematiker samt hans betydning som kongelig embedsmand....

Baltimaade klaasikunstil on arenguruumi, vajaka jääb võimalustest / Mare Saare

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saare, Mare, 1955-

2008-01-01

Rahvusvaheline klaasinäitus "Vitrum Balticum IV" ("Balti klaas IV") Kaunases kuni 7. XII. Esindatud on Eesti (Kai Kiudsoo-Värv, Eeva Käsper, Ivo Lill, Kairi Orgusaar, Mare Saare, Maret Sarapu, Tiina Sarapu), Läti, Leedu ja Soome klaasikunstnikud. 14. XI rahvusvaheline seminar Läänemeremaade klaasikunsti arengukäigust 21. sajandil kunstiakadeemias. Näituse ja seminari kuraator kunstiteadlane Raimonda Kogelyte-Simanatiene

Molecular interaction study of commercial cyclic peptides and MERS-COV papain-like protease as novel drug candidate for MERS-COV

Science.gov (United States)

Nasution, M. A. F.; Azzuhdi, M. G.; Tambunan, U. S. F.

2017-07-01

Middle-east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has become the current outbreak, MERS-CoV infection results in illness at the respiratory system, digestive, and even lead to death with an average mortality caused by MERS-CoV infection reaches 50 %. Until now, there is not any effective vaccine or drug to ward off MERS-CoV infection. Papain-like protease (PLpro) is responsible for cleavage of a nonstructural protein that is essential for viral maturation. Inhibition of PLpro with a ligand will block the cleavage process of nonstructural protein, thus reduce the infection of MERS-CoV. Through of bioinformatics study with molecular docking and binding interaction analysis of commercial cyclic peptides, aldosterone secretion inhibiting factor (1-35) (bovine) was obtained as an inhibitor for PLpro. Thus, aldosterone secretion inhibiting factor (1-35) (bovine) has a potential as a novel candidate drug for treating MERS-CoV.

MERS-coronavirus: From discovery to intervention

NARCIS (Netherlands)

W. Widagdo; N.M.A. Okba (Nisreen); V. Stalin Raj; B.L. Haagmans (Bart)

2017-01-01

textabstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) still causes outbreaks despite public awareness and implementation of health care measures, such as rapid viral diagnosis and patient quarantine. Here we describe the current epidemiological picture of MERS-CoV, focusing on humans

MERS transmission and risk factors: a systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Ji-Eun; Jung, Soyoung; Kim, Aeran; Park, Ji-Eun

2018-05-02

Since Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) infection was first reported in 2012, many studies have analysed its transmissibility and severity. However, the methodology and results of these studies have varied, and there has been no systematic review of MERS. This study reviews the characteristics and associated risk factors of MERS. We searched international (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane) and Korean databases (DBpia, KISS) for English- or Korean-language articles using the terms "MERS" and "Middle East respiratory syndrome". Only human studies with > 20 participants were analysed to exclude studies with low representation. Epidemiologic studies with information on transmissibility and severity of MERS as well as studies containing MERS risk factors were included. A total of 59 studies were included. Most studies from Saudi Arabia reported higher mortality (22-69.2%) than those from South Korea (20.4%). While the R 0 value in Saudi Arabia was < 1 in all but one study, in South Korea, the R 0 value was 2.5-8.09 in the early stage and decreased to < 1 in the later stage. The incubation period was 4.5-5.2 days in Saudi Arabia and 6-7.8 days in South Korea. Duration from onset was 4-10 days to confirmation, 2.9-5.3 days to hospitalization, 11-17 days to death, and 14-20 days to discharge. Older age and concomitant disease were the most common factors related to MERS infection, severity, and mortality. The transmissibility and severity of MERS differed by outbreak region and patient characteristics. Further studies assessing the risk of MERS should consider these factors.

Enhanced regulatory sequence prediction using gapped k-mer features.

Science.gov (United States)

Ghandi, Mahmoud; Lee, Dongwon; Mohammad-Noori, Morteza; Beer, Michael A

2014-07-01

Oligomers of length k, or k-mers, are convenient and widely used features for modeling the properties and functions of DNA and protein sequences. However, k-mers suffer from the inherent limitation that if the parameter k is increased to resolve longer features, the probability of observing any specific k-mer becomes very small, and k-mer counts approach a binary variable, with most k-mers absent and a few present once. Thus, any statistical learning approach using k-mers as features becomes susceptible to noisy training set k-mer frequencies once k becomes large. To address this problem, we introduce alternative feature sets using gapped k-mers, a new classifier, gkm-SVM, and a general method for robust estimation of k-mer frequencies. To make the method applicable to large-scale genome wide applications, we develop an efficient tree data structure for computing the kernel matrix. We show that compared to our original kmer-SVM and alternative approaches, our gkm-SVM predicts functional genomic regulatory elements and tissue specific enhancers with significantly improved accuracy, increasing the precision by up to a factor of two. We then show that gkm-SVM consistently outperforms kmer-SVM on human ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets, and further demonstrate the general utility of our method using a Naïve-Bayes classifier. Although developed for regulatory sequence analysis, these methods can be applied to any sequence classification problem.

Enhanced regulatory sequence prediction using gapped k-mer features.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahmoud Ghandi

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Oligomers of length k, or k-mers, are convenient and widely used features for modeling the properties and functions of DNA and protein sequences. However, k-mers suffer from the inherent limitation that if the parameter k is increased to resolve longer features, the probability of observing any specific k-mer becomes very small, and k-mer counts approach a binary variable, with most k-mers absent and a few present once. Thus, any statistical learning approach using k-mers as features becomes susceptible to noisy training set k-mer frequencies once k becomes large. To address this problem, we introduce alternative feature sets using gapped k-mers, a new classifier, gkm-SVM, and a general method for robust estimation of k-mer frequencies. To make the method applicable to large-scale genome wide applications, we develop an efficient tree data structure for computing the kernel matrix. We show that compared to our original kmer-SVM and alternative approaches, our gkm-SVM predicts functional genomic regulatory elements and tissue specific enhancers with significantly improved accuracy, increasing the precision by up to a factor of two. We then show that gkm-SVM consistently outperforms kmer-SVM on human ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets, and further demonstrate the general utility of our method using a Naïve-Bayes classifier. Although developed for regulatory sequence analysis, these methods can be applied to any sequence classification problem.

Human Centered Design and Development for NASA's MerBoard

Science.gov (United States)

Trimble, Jay

2003-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of the design and development process for NASA's MerBoard. These devices are large interactive display screens which can be shown on the user's computer, which will allow scientists in many locations to interpret and evaluate mission data in real-time. These tools are scheduled to be used during the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) expeditions. Topics covered include: mission overview, Mer Human Centered Computers, FIDO 2001 observations and MerBoard prototypes.

MERS and SARS

Science.gov (United States)

... primary antibody and Goat anti-Rabbit 10 nm gold particles. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) is ... standard mice or hamsters, scientists at NIAID Rocky Mountain Laboratories (RML) took the unusual step of moving ...

Statistically Consistent k-mer Methods for Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction.

Science.gov (United States)

Allman, Elizabeth S; Rhodes, John A; Sullivant, Seth

2017-02-01

Frequencies of k-mers in sequences are sometimes used as a basis for inferring phylogenetic trees without first obtaining a multiple sequence alignment. We show that a standard approach of using the squared Euclidean distance between k-mer vectors to approximate a tree metric can be statistically inconsistent. To remedy this, we derive model-based distance corrections for orthologous sequences without gaps, which lead to consistent tree inference. The identifiability of model parameters from k-mer frequencies is also studied. Finally, we report simulations showing that the corrected distance outperforms many other k-mer methods, even when sequences are generated with an insertion and deletion process. These results have implications for multiple sequence alignment as well since k-mer methods are usually the first step in constructing a guide tree for such algorithms.

Complete Genome Sequence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from the First Imported MERS-CoV Case in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Roujian; Wang, Yanqun; Wang, Wenling; Nie, Kai; Zhao, Yanjie; Su, Juan; Deng, Yao; Zhou, Weimin; Li, Yang; Wang, Huijuan; Wang, Wen; Ke, Changwen; Ma, Xuejun; Wu, Guizhen; Tan, Wenjie

2015-08-13

On 26 May 2015, an imported Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in Guangdong Province, China, and found to be closely related to the MERS-CoV strain prevalent in South Korea. The full genome of the ChinaGD01 strain was sequenced and analyzed to investigate the epidemiology and evolution of MERS-CoV circulating in South Korea and China. Copyright © 2015 Lu et al.

Deterministic and stochastic models for middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS)

Science.gov (United States)

Suryani, Dessy Rizki; Zevika, Mona; Nuraini, Nuning

2018-03-01

World Health Organization (WHO) data stated that since September 2012, there were 1,733 cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) with 628 death cases that occurred in 27 countries. MERS was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and the largest cases of MERS outside Saudi Arabia occurred in South Korea in 2015. MERS is a disease that attacks the respiratory system caused by infection of MERS-CoV. MERS-CoV transmission occurs directly through direct contact between infected individual with non-infected individual or indirectly through contaminated object by the free virus. Suspected, MERS can spread quickly because of the free virus in environment. Mathematical modeling is used to illustrate the transmission of MERS disease using deterministic model and stochastic model. Deterministic model is used to investigate the temporal dynamic from the system to analyze the steady state condition. Stochastic model approach using Continuous Time Markov Chain (CTMC) is used to predict the future states by using random variables. From the models that were built, the threshold value for deterministic models and stochastic models obtained in the same form and the probability of disease extinction can be computed by stochastic model. Simulations for both models using several of different parameters are shown, and the probability of disease extinction will be compared with several initial conditions.

Rapid detection of MERS coronavirus-like viruses in bats: pote1ntial for tracking MERS coronavirus transmission and animal origin.

Science.gov (United States)

Woo, Patrick C Y; Lau, Susanna K P; Chen, Yixin; Wong, Emily Y M; Chan, Kwok-Hung; Chen, Honglin; Zhang, Libiao; Xia, Ningshao; Yuen, Kwok-Yung

2018-03-07

Recently, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based rapid nucleocapsid protein detection assay for diagnosis of MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans and dromedary camels. In this study, we examined the usefulness of this assay to detect other lineage C betacoronaviruses closely related to MERS-CoV in bats. The rapid MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein detection assay was tested positive in 24 (88.9%) of 27 Tylonycteris bat CoV HKU4 (Ty-BatCoV-HKU4) RNA-positive alimentary samples of Tylonycteris pachypus and 4 (19.0%) of 21 Pipistrellus bat CoV HKU5 (Pi-BatCoV-HKU5) RNA-positive alimentary samples of Pipistrellus abramus. There was significantly more Ty-BatCoV-HKU4 RNA-positive alimentary samples than Pi-BatCoV-HKU5 RNA-positive alimentary samples that were tested positive by the rapid MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein detection assay (P < 0.001 by Chi-square test). The rapid assay was tested negative in all 51 alimentary samples RNA-positive for alphacoronaviruses (Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU2, Myotis bat CoV HKU6, Miniopterus bat CoV HKU8 and Hipposideros batCoV HKU10) and 32 alimentary samples positive for lineage B (SARS-related Rhinolophus bat CoV HKU3) and lineage D (Rousettus bat CoV HKU9) betacoronaviruses. No significant difference was observed between the viral loads of Ty-BatCoV-HKU4/Pi-BatCoV-HKU5 RNA-positive alimentary samples that were tested positive and negative by the rapid test (Mann-Witney U test). The rapid MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein detection assay is able to rapidly detect lineage C betacoronaviruses in bats. It detected significantly more Ty-BatCoV-HKU4 than Pi-BatCoV-HKU5 because MERS-CoV is more closely related to Ty-BatCoV-HKU4 than Pi-BatCoV-HKU5. This assay will facilitate rapid on-site mass screening of animal samples for ancestors of MERS-CoV and tracking transmission in the related bat species.

Renewed mer model of integral management

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Janko Belak

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The research work on entrepreneurship, enterprise's policy and management, which started in 1992, successfully continued in the following years. Between 1992 and 2011, more than 400 academics and other researchers have participated in research work (MER research program whose main orientation has been the creation of their own model of integral management. Results: In past years, academics (researchers and authors of published papers from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Byelorussia, Canada, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Russia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Switzerland, Ukraine, and the US have cooperated in MER programs, coming from more than fifty institutions. Thus, scientific doctrines of different universities influenced the development of the MER model which is based on both horizontal and vertical integration of the enterprises' governance and management processes, instruments and institutions into a consistently operating unit. Conclusions: The presented MER model is based on the multi-layer integration of governance and management with an enterprise and its environment, considering the fundamental desires for the enterprises' existence and, thus, their quantitative as well as qualitative changes. The process, instrumental, and institutional integrity of the governance and management is also the initial condition for the implementation of all other integration factors.

Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, Reed F., E-mail: johnsonreed@mail.nih.gov [Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States); Via, Laura E. [Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (United States); Kumar, Mia R.; Cornish, Joseph P. [Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States); Yellayi, Srikanth; Huzella, Louis; Postnikova, Elena; Oberlander, Nicholas; Bartos, Christopher; Ork, Britini L.; Mazur, Steven; Allan, Cindy; Holbrook, Michael R. [Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States); Solomon, Jeffrey [Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (United States); Johnson, Joshua C. [Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States); Pickel, James [Transgenic Core Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (United States); Hensley, Lisa E. [Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States); Jahrling, Peter B. [Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States); Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD (United States)

2015-11-15

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to be a threat to human health in the Middle East. Development of countermeasures is ongoing; however, an animal model that faithfully recapitulates human disease has yet to be defined. A recent study indicated that inoculation of common marmosets resulted in inconsistent lethality. Based on these data we sought to compare two isolates of MERS-CoV. We followed disease progression in common marmosets after intratracheal exposure with: MERS-CoV-EMC/2012, MERS-CoV-Jordan-n3/2012, media, or inactivated virus. Our data suggest that common marmosets developed a mild to moderate non-lethal respiratory disease, which was quantifiable by computed tomography (CT), with limited other clinical signs. Based on CT data, clinical data, and virological data, MERS-CoV inoculation of common marmosets results in mild to moderate clinical signs of disease that are likely due to manipulations of the marmoset rather than as a result of robust viral replication. - Highlights: • Common marmosets infected with MERS-EMC and MERS-JOR did not develop lethal disease. • Infected subjects developed transient signs of clinical disease. • CT indicated few differences between the infected and control groups. • Marmosets do not faithfully replicate human MERS pathogenesis.

Intratracheal exposure of common marmosets to MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 or MERS-CoV EMC/2012 isolates does not result in lethal disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, Reed F.; Via, Laura E.; Kumar, Mia R.; Cornish, Joseph P.; Yellayi, Srikanth; Huzella, Louis; Postnikova, Elena; Oberlander, Nicholas; Bartos, Christopher; Ork, Britini L.; Mazur, Steven; Allan, Cindy; Holbrook, Michael R.; Solomon, Jeffrey; Johnson, Joshua C.; Pickel, James; Hensley, Lisa E.; Jahrling, Peter B.

2015-01-01

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to be a threat to human health in the Middle East. Development of countermeasures is ongoing; however, an animal model that faithfully recapitulates human disease has yet to be defined. A recent study indicated that inoculation of common marmosets resulted in inconsistent lethality. Based on these data we sought to compare two isolates of MERS-CoV. We followed disease progression in common marmosets after intratracheal exposure with: MERS-CoV-EMC/2012, MERS-CoV-Jordan-n3/2012, media, or inactivated virus. Our data suggest that common marmosets developed a mild to moderate non-lethal respiratory disease, which was quantifiable by computed tomography (CT), with limited other clinical signs. Based on CT data, clinical data, and virological data, MERS-CoV inoculation of common marmosets results in mild to moderate clinical signs of disease that are likely due to manipulations of the marmoset rather than as a result of robust viral replication. - Highlights: • Common marmosets infected with MERS-EMC and MERS-JOR did not develop lethal disease. • Infected subjects developed transient signs of clinical disease. • CT indicated few differences between the infected and control groups. • Marmosets do not faithfully replicate human MERS pathogenesis.

A mouse model for MERS coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Cockrell, Adam S; Yount, Boyd L; Scobey, Trevor; Jensen, Kara; Douglas, Madeline; Beall, Anne; Tang, Xian-Chun; Marasco, Wayne A; Heise, Mark T; Baric, Ralph S

2016-11-28

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel virus that emerged in 2012, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe pneumonia-like symptoms and multi-organ failure, with a case fatality rate of ∼36%. Limited clinical studies indicate that humans infected with MERS-CoV exhibit pathology consistent with the late stages of ARDS, which is reminiscent of the disease observed in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Models of MERS-CoV-induced severe respiratory disease have been difficult to achieve, and small-animal models traditionally used to investigate viral pathogenesis (mouse, hamster, guinea-pig and ferret) are naturally resistant to MERS-CoV. Therefore, we used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to modify the mouse genome to encode two amino acids (positions 288 and 330) that match the human sequence in the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 receptor, making mice susceptible to MERS-CoV infection and replication. Serial MERS-CoV passage in these engineered mice was then used to generate a mouse-adapted virus that replicated efficiently within the lungs and evoked symptoms indicative of severe ARDS, including decreased survival, extreme weight loss, decreased pulmonary function, pulmonary haemorrhage and pathological signs indicative of end-stage lung disease. Importantly, therapeutic countermeasures comprising MERS-CoV neutralizing antibody treatment or a MERS-CoV spike protein vaccine protected the engineered mice against MERS-CoV-induced ARDS.

A truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lanying Du

Full Text Available An emerging respiratory infectious disease with high mortality, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS, is caused by a novel coronavirus (MERS-CoV. It was first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia and has now spread to eight countries. Development of effective therapeutics and vaccines is crucial to save lives and halt the spread of MERS-CoV. Here, we show that a recombinant protein containing a 212-amino acid fragment (residues 377-588 in the truncated receptor-binding domain (RBD: residues 367-606 of MERS-CoV spike (S protein fused with human IgG Fc fragment (S377-588-Fc is highly expressed in the culture supernatant of transfected 293T cells. The purified S377-588-Fc protein efficiently binds to dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, the receptor of MERS-CoV, and potently inhibited MERS-CoV infection, suggesting its potential to be further developed as a therapeutic modality for treating MERS-CoV infection and saving the patients' lives. The recombinant S377-588-Fc is able to induce in the vaccinated mice strong MERS-CoV S-specific antibodies, which blocks the binding of RBD to DPP4 receptor and effectively neutralizes MERS-CoV infection. These findings indicate that this truncated RBD protein shows promise for further development as an effective and safe vaccine for the prevention of MERS-CoV infection.

MerCat: a versatile k-mer counter and diversity estimator for database-independent property analysis obtained from metagenomic and/or metatranscriptomic sequencing data

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

White, Richard A.; Panyala, Ajay R.; Glass, Kevin A.; Colby, Sean M.; Glaesemann, Kurt R.; Jansson, Georg C.; Jansson, Janet K.

2017-02-21

MerCat is a parallel, highly scalable and modular property software package for robust analysis of features in next-generation sequencing data. MerCat inputs include assembled contigs and raw sequence reads from any platform resulting in feature abundance counts tables. MerCat allows for direct analysis of data properties without reference sequence database dependency commonly used by search tools such as BLAST and/or DIAMOND for compositional analysis of whole community shotgun sequencing (e.g. metagenomes and metatranscriptomes).

Push-pull effect on the geometrical, optical and charge transfer properties of disubstituted derivatives of mer-tris(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato aluminum (mer-AlND3

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rao Joshi Laxmikanth

2016-01-01

Full Text Available To design innovative and novel optical materials with high mobility, two kinds of disubstituted derivatives for mer-tris(4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato aluminum (mer-AlND3 with push (EDG–pull (EWG substituents have been designed. The structures of mer-tris(8-EDG-2-EWG-4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato aluminum (type I and mer-tris(8-EWG-2-EDG-4-hydroxy-1,5-naphthyridinato aluminum (type II in the ground and first excited states have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(D and CIS/6-31G(D level of theory, respectively. It can be seen from frontier molecular orbitals analysis, in all these complexes, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO is localized on the pyridine-4-ol ring of A-ligand while lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO is on the pyridyl ring of B-ligand in ground state irrespective of electron donor/acceptor substitution present on the ligands similar to that of mer-tris(8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (mer-Alq3 and parent mer-AlND3.The absorption and emission wavelengths have been evaluated at the TD-PBE0/6-31G(D level and it can be see that all the type I derivatives show blue shift while most of the type II derivatives show red shift compared to mer-AlND3. All the disubstituted complexes have showed hypsochromic shifts in both the absorption and emission spectra when compared with the calculated absorption and emission spectra respectively of mer-Alq3. It can be seen that the reorganization energies of some of the disubstituted derivatives are comparable with mer-Alq3 and these derivatives might be good candidates for emitting materials in OLED.

Analyzing MER Uplink Reports

Science.gov (United States)

Savin, Stephen C.

2005-01-01

The MER project includes two rovers working simultaneously on opposite sides of Mars each receiving commands only once a day. Creating this uplink is critical, since a failed uplink means a lost day and a waste of money. Examining the process of creating this uplink, I tracked the use of the system developed for requesting observations as well as the development, from stage to stage, in forming an activity plan. I found the system for requesting observations was commonly misused, if used at all. There are half a dozen reports to document the creation of the uplink plan and often there are discrepancies among them. Despite this, the uplink process worked very well and MER has been one of the most successful missions for NASA in recent memory. Still it is clear there is room for improvement.

3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johnson, Reed F.; Bagci, Ulas; Keith, Lauren; Tang, Xianchun; Mollura, Daniel J.; Zeitlin, Larry; Qin, Jing; Huzella, Louis; Bartos, Christopher J.; Bohorova, Natasha; Bohorov, Ognian; Goodman, Charles; Kim, Do H.; Paulty, Michael H.; Velasco, Jesus; Whaley, Kevin J.; Johnson, Joshua C.; Pettitt, James; Ork, Britini L.; Solomon, Jeffrey

2016-01-01

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in 2012 as the causative agent of a severe, lethal respiratory disease occurring across several countries in the Middle East. To date there have been over 1600 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS-CoV in 26 countries with a case fatality rate of 36%. Given the endemic region, it is possible that MERS-CoV could spread during the annual Hajj pilgrimage, necessitating countermeasure development. In this report, we describe the clinical and radiographic changes of rhesus monkeys following infection with 5×10"6 PFU MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012. Two groups of NHPs were treated with either a human anti-MERS monoclonal antibody 3B11-N or E410-N, an anti-HIV antibody. MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 infection resulted in quantifiable changes by computed tomography, but limited other clinical signs of disease. 3B11-N treated subjects developed significantly reduced lung pathology when compared to infected, untreated subjects, indicating that this antibody may be a suitable MERS-CoV treatment. - Highlights: • MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 challenge of rhesus monkeys results in a mild disease. • CT can be used to monitor disease progression to aid models of human disease. • Treatment with the human monoclonal antibody 3B11-N resulted in decreased disease.

3B11-N, a monoclonal antibody against MERS-CoV, reduces lung pathology in rhesus monkeys following intratracheal inoculation of MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Johnson, Reed F., E-mail: johnsonreed@mail.nih.gov [Emerging Viral Pathogens Section National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702 (United States); Bagci, Ulas [Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda MD 20892 (United States); Center for Research in Computer Vision (CRCV), Department of Electrics Electronics and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA. (United States); Keith, Lauren [Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702 (United States); Tang, Xianchun [Department of Cancer Immunology & AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215 (United States); Mollura, Daniel J. [Center for Infectious Disease Imaging, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda MD 20892 (United States); Zeitlin, Larry [Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego CA 92121 (United States); Qin, Jing [Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 (United States); Huzella, Louis; Bartos, Christopher J. [Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702 (United States); Bohorova, Natasha; Bohorov, Ognian; Goodman, Charles; Kim, Do H.; Paulty, Michael H.; Velasco, Jesus; Whaley, Kevin J. [Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego CA 92121 (United States); Johnson, Joshua C.; Pettitt, James; Ork, Britini L. [Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702 (United States); Solomon, Jeffrey [Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research,Frederick, MD 21702-USA. (United States); and others

2016-03-15

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was identified in 2012 as the causative agent of a severe, lethal respiratory disease occurring across several countries in the Middle East. To date there have been over 1600 laboratory confirmed cases of MERS-CoV in 26 countries with a case fatality rate of 36%. Given the endemic region, it is possible that MERS-CoV could spread during the annual Hajj pilgrimage, necessitating countermeasure development. In this report, we describe the clinical and radiographic changes of rhesus monkeys following infection with 5×10{sup 6} PFU MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012. Two groups of NHPs were treated with either a human anti-MERS monoclonal antibody 3B11-N or E410-N, an anti-HIV antibody. MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 infection resulted in quantifiable changes by computed tomography, but limited other clinical signs of disease. 3B11-N treated subjects developed significantly reduced lung pathology when compared to infected, untreated subjects, indicating that this antibody may be a suitable MERS-CoV treatment. - Highlights: • MERS-CoV Jordan-n3/2012 challenge of rhesus monkeys results in a mild disease. • CT can be used to monitor disease progression to aid models of human disease. • Treatment with the human monoclonal antibody 3B11-N resulted in decreased disease.

Ole Rømer som enevældens administrator

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian

2002-01-01

En gennemgang af Ole Rømers liv med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og hans deltagelse eller mangel på samme i det politiske spil.......En gennemgang af Ole Rømers liv med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og hans deltagelse eller mangel på samme i det politiske spil....

A Novel Role of MerC in Methylmercury Transport and Phytoremediation of Methylmercury Contamination.

Science.gov (United States)

Sone, Yuka; Uraguchi, Shimpei; Takanezawa, Yasukazu; Nakamura, Ryosuke; Pan-Hou, Hidemitsu; Kiyono, Masako

2017-01-01

MerC, encoded by merC in the transposon Tn21 mer operon, is a heavy metal transporter with potential applications for phytoremediation of heavy metals such as mercuric ion and cadmium. In this study, we demonstrate that MerC also acts as a transporter for methylmercury. When MerC was expressed in Escherichia coli XL1-Blue, cells became hypersensitive to CH 3 Hg(I) and the uptake of CH 3 Hg(I) by these cells was higher than that by cells of the isogenic strain. Moreover, transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing bacterial MerC or MerC fused to plant soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) accumulated CH 3 Hg(I) effectively and their growth was comparable to the wild-type plants. These results demonstrate that when the bacterium-derived merC gene is ectopically introduced in genetically modified plants, MerC expression in the transgenic plants promotes the transport and sequestration of methylmercury. Thus, our results show that the expression of merC in Arabidopsis results in transgenic plants that could be used for the phytoremediation and elimination of toxic methylmercury from the environment.

Tissue Distribution of the MERS-Coronavirus Receptor in Bats

NARCIS (Netherlands)

W. Widagdo; L. Begeman (Lineke); D. Schipper (Debby); P.R.W.A. van Run (Peter); Cunningham, A.A. (Andrew A); Kley, N. (Nils); C.B.E.M. Reusken (Chantal); B.L. Haagmans (Bart); J.M.A. van den Brand (Judith)

2017-01-01

textabstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been shown to infect both humans and dromedary camels using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as its receptor.The distribution of DPP4 in the respiratory tract tissues of humans and camels reflects MERS-CoV tropism.Apart from

Tissue Distribution of the MERS-Coronavirus Receptor in Bats

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Widagdo, W; Begeman, Lineke; Schipper, Debby; van Run, Peter R; Cunningham, Andrew A; Kley, Nils; Reusken, Chantal B E M; Haagmans, Bart L; van den Brand, Judith M A

2017-01-01

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has been shown to infect both humans and dromedary camels using dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) as its receptor. The distribution of DPP4 in the respiratory tract tissues of humans and camels reflects MERS-CoV tropism. Apart from dromedary

A novel method of providing a library of n-mers or biopolymers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2012-01-01

The present invention relates to a method of providing a library of n-mer sequences, wherein the library is composed of an n-mer sequence. Also the invention concerns a method of providing a library of biopolymer sequences having one or more n-mers in common. Further provided are specific primers...

A 7-mer knowledge-based potential for detecting native protein structures from decoys

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Røgen, Peter

for faster sampling methods. Background: The C-alpha atoms define a polygonal curve in 3-space which is smoothened by the method presented in [1] and is illustrated below. The geometry of a 7-mer is described by two numbers that describe how stretched and curved the smoothening of the 7-mer is. These two...... numbers are called length and distance excess, c.f. [2], and give one point in the length - distance excess - plane, LDE-plane. Method: Given a sequence of amino acids, we break it down to all its 7-mers and search a database of known 3d-structures for similar 7-mer sequences. For the query 7-mer we...... define an energy function in the LDE-plane. This energy is given by the 7-mer found and depends linearly on some design parameters. The energy function of the full query sequence, F, is then a sum over all 7-mers. For a protein P and a decoy D we ideally want F(D)-F(P)=constant.RMSD( D , P ), where 0...

Preventing cleavage of Mer promotes efferocytosis and suppresses acute lung injury in bleomycin treated mice

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Ye-Ji; Lee, Seung-Hae; Youn, Young-So; Choi, Ji-Yeon; Song, Keung-Sub; Cho, Min-Sun; Kang, Jihee Lee

2012-01-01

Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (Mer) regulates macrophage activation and promotes apoptotic cell clearance. Mer activation is regulated through proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain. To determine if membrane-bound Mer is cleaved during bleomycin-induced lung injury, and, if so, how preventing the cleavage of Mer enhances apoptotic cell uptake and down-regulates pulmonary immune responses. During bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in mice, membrane-bound Mer expression decreased, but production of soluble Mer and activity as well as expression of disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) were enhanced . Treatment with the ADAM inhibitor TAPI-0 restored Mer expression and diminished soluble Mer production. Furthermore, TAPI-0 increased Mer activation in alveolar macrophages and lung tissue resulting in enhanced apoptotic cell clearance in vivo and ex vivo by alveolar macrophages. Suppression of bleomycin-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, but enhancement of hepatocyte growth factor induction were seen after TAPI-0 treatment. Additional bleomycin-induced inflammatory responses reduced by TAPI-0 treatment included inflammatory cell recruitment into the lungs, levels of total protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis in lung tissue. Importantly, the effects of TAPI-0 on bleomycin-induced inflammation and apoptosis were reversed by coadministration of specific Mer-neutralizing antibodies. These findings suggest that restored membrane-bound Mer expression by TAPI-0 treatment may help resolve lung inflammation and apoptosis after bleomycin treatment. -- Highlights: ►Mer expression is restored by TAPI-0 treatment in bleomycin-stimulated lung. ►Mer signaling is enhanced by TAPI-0 treatment in bleomycin-stimulated lung. ►TAPI-0 enhances efferocytosis and promotes resolution of lung injury.

Drainage development and incision rates in an Upper Pleistocene Basalt-Limestone Boundary Channel: The Sa'ar Stream, Golan Heights, Israel

Science.gov (United States)

Shtober-Zisu, N.; Inbar, M.; Mor, D.; Jicha, B. R.; Singer, B. S.

2018-02-01

Long-term fluvial incision processes and corresponding geomorphic evolution are difficult to quantify, especially in complex systems affected by lithological and tectonic factors. Volcanic landscapes offer the most appropriate environment for the study of landscape evolution, as there is a clear starting time of formation and the lithology is homogenous. In the present study we aim to: (1) analyse the interplay of construction and incision processes throughout eruptive activity; (2) study fluvial erosion processes; (3) analyse sedimentary and volcanic lithological responses to channel erosion; and (4) calculate the incision rates in young basaltic bedrock. We have integrated existing and new 40Ar/39Ar ages of lava flows with estimates of channel geometry and tectonic activity, and considered process geomorphology concepts, to fully understand evolution of a bedrock channel incised at the boundary between basalts and sedimentary rocks with coeval active volcanic processes forcing drainage evolution. Our findings indicate that the Sa'ar basin evolution is controlled by: (1) rock strength of the mixed lithology; (2) alternating cycles of volcanic activity followed by erosion and incision; and (3) the Plio-Pleistocene uplift of Mt. Hermon. The carbonate slopes composing the southern flank of Mt. Hermon are moderate (18-26%) while the basalt slopes deriving from the Golan Heights are much steeper (26-51%). The highly erodible sedimentary rocks at Mt. Hermon's piedmont accelerated river incision, shaping a 650 m wide by 100 m deep canyon. Inside the canyon, the steep channel slope (8.6%) enables downstream movement of large boulders, including autochthonous mega-blocks (D90 size > 2.5 m); 24 knickpoints were identified using DS plots, developed within a knick zone over a distance of 6 km. The brittle and porous structure of the rubbly and blocky interflow layers (clinkers), interbedded between two massive basalt flows, enhances erosion and accelerates scouring of the

Constitutive synthesis of a transport function encoded by the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans merC gene cloned in Escherichia coli

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kusano, Tomonobu; Ji, Guangyong; Silver, S.; Inoue, Chihiro

1990-01-01

Mercuric reductase activity determined by the Thiobacillus ferrooxidans merA gene (cloned and expressed constitutively in Escherichia coli) was measured by volatilization of 203 Hg 2+ . (The absence of a merR regulatory gene in the cloned Thiobacillus mer determinant provides a basis for the constitutive synthesis of this system.) In the absence of the Thiobacillus merC transport gene, the mercury volatilization activity was cryptic and was not seen with whole cells but only with sonication-disrupted cells. The Thiobacillus merC transport function was compared with transport via the merT-merP system of plasmid pDU1358. Both systems, cloned and expressed in E. coli, governed enhanced uptake of 203 Hg 2+ in a temperature- and concentration-dependent fashion. Uptake via MerT-MerP was greater and conferred greater hypersensitivity to Hg 2+ than did uptake with MerC. Mercury uptake was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide but not by EDTA. Ag + salts inhibited mercury uptake by the MerT-MerP system but did not inhibit uptake via MerC. Radioactive mercury accumulated by the MerT-MerP and by the MerC systems was exchangeable with nonradioactive Hg 2+

MERS-CoV infection: Mind the public knowledge gap.

Science.gov (United States)

Bawazir, Amen; Al-Mazroo, Eman; Jradi, Hoda; Ahmed, Anwar; Badri, Motasim

In August 2015, the Corona outbreak caused by Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was the 9th episode since June 2012 in Saudi Arabia. Little is known about the public awareness toward the nature or prevention of the disease. The aim of this work was to assess the knowledge of the adult population in Riyadh toward the MERS-CoV. In this cross-sectional survey, a self-administrated questionnaire was distributed to randomly selected participants visiting malls in Riyadh. The questionnaire contained measurable epidemiological and clinical MERS-CoV knowledge level variables and relevant source of information. The study included 676 participants. Mean age was 32.5 (±SD 8.6) years and 353 (47.8%) were males. Almost all participants heard about the corona disease and causative agent. The study showed a fair overall knowledge (66.0%), less knowledge on epidemiological features of the disease (58.3%), and good knowledge (90.7%) on the clinical manifestation of the MERS-CoV. Internet was the major (89.0%) source of disease information, and other sources including health care providers, SMS, television, magazines and books were low rated (all knowledge. This study concludes that there was inadequate epidemiological knowledge received by the public and the reliance mostly on the clinical manifestations to recognizing the MERS-CoV disease. Comprehensive public health education programs is important to increase awareness of simple epidemiological determinants of the disease is warranted. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedary camels, United Arab Emirates, 2003 and 2013.

Science.gov (United States)

Meyer, Benjamin; Müller, Marcel A; Corman, Victor M; Reusken, Chantal B E M; Ritz, Daniel; Godeke, Gert-Jan; Lattwein, Erik; Kallies, Stephan; Siemens, Artem; van Beek, Janko; Drexler, Jan F; Muth, Doreen; Bosch, Berend-Jan; Wernery, Ulrich; Koopmans, Marion P G; Wernery, Renate; Drosten, Christian

2014-04-01

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused an ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory tract infection in humans in the Arabian Peninsula since 2012. Dromedary camels have been implicated as possible viral reservoirs. We used serologic assays to analyze 651 dromedary camel serum samples from the United Arab Emirates; 151 of 651 samples were obtained in 2003, well before onset of the current epidemic, and 500 serum samples were obtained in 2013. Recombinant spike protein-specific immunofluorescence and virus neutralization tests enabled clear discrimination between MERS-CoV and bovine CoV infections. Most (632/651, 97.1%) camels had antibodies against MERS-CoV. This result included all 151 serum samples obtained in 2003. Most (389/651, 59.8%) serum samples had MERS-CoV-neutralizing antibody titers >1,280. Dromedary camels from the United Arab Emirates were infected at high rates with MERS-CoV or a closely related, probably conspecific, virus long before the first human MERS cases.

MERS Coronavirus Neutralizing Antibodies in Camels, Eastern Africa, 1983-1997

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Müller, Marcel A; Corman, Victor Max; Jores, Joerg; Meyer, Benjamin; Younan, Mario; Liljander, Anne; Bosch, Berend-Jan; Lattwein, Erik; Hilali, Mosaad; Musa, Bakri E; Bornstein, Set; Drosten, Christian

2014-01-01

To analyze the distribution of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-seropositive dromedary camels in eastern Africa, we tested 189 archived serum samples accumulated during the past 30 years. We identified MERS-CoV neutralizing antibodies in 81.0% of samples from the main

mer-Triammine trifluorido vanadium(III), mer-[VF{sub 3}(NH{sub 3}){sub 3}]. Synthesis and crystal structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Woidy, Patrick [Technische Univ. Muenchen, Garching (Germany). Zentrale Technisch-Wissenschaftliche Betriebseinheit Radiochemie Muenchen RCM; Kraus, Florian [Marburg Univ. (Germany). Anorganische und Fluorchemie

2015-07-01

Vanadium trifluoride reacts with dry liquid ammonia under the formation of lilac plate-shaped crystals of mer-triammine trifluorido vanadium(III) (1), mer-[VF{sub 3}(NH{sub 3}){sub 3}]. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out at low temperature to elucidate the structure. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2{sup 1}/c with a = 5.7284(4), b = 9.2033(5), c = 10.5271(6) Aa, beta = 91.795(6)°, and V = 554.72(6) Aa{sup 3} at 123 K with Z = 4. The discrete [VF{sub 3}(NH{sub 3}){sub 3}] molecules are interconnected by hydrogen bonds.

Monoclonal Antibody Shows Promise as Potential Therapeutic for MERS | Poster

Science.gov (United States)

A monoclonal antibody has proven effective in preventing Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in lab animals, suggesting further development as a potential intervention for the deadly disease in humans, according to new research. MERS is a newly emerged coronavirus first detected in humans in 2012. Most cases have occurred in the Middle East, but the disease has appeared elsewhere. In all, MERS has infected more than 1,700 individuals and killed more than 600, according to the World Health Organization. No vaccines or antiviral therapies currently exist. Several candidate vaccines are being developed, and some have been tested in animal models, a prerequisite to human clinical trials.

MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.

Science.gov (United States)

Chu, Daniel K W; Hui, Kenrie P Y; Perera, Ranawaka A P M; Miguel, Eve; Niemeyer, Daniela; Zhao, Jincun; Channappanavar, Rudragouda; Dudas, Gytis; Oladipo, Jamiu O; Traoré, Amadou; Fassi-Fihri, Ouafaa; Ali, Abraham; Demissié, Getnet F; Muth, Doreen; Chan, Michael C W; Nicholls, John M; Meyerholz, David K; Kuranga, Sulyman A; Mamo, Gezahegne; Zhou, Ziqi; So, Ray T Y; Hemida, Maged G; Webby, Richard J; Roger, Francois; Rambaut, Andrew; Poon, Leo L M; Perlman, Stanley; Drosten, Christian; Chevalier, Veronique; Peiris, Malik

2018-03-20

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoVs from Africa have hitherto been poorly studied. We genetically and phenotypically characterized MERS-CoV from dromedaries sampled in Morocco, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Viruses from Africa (clade C) are phylogenetically distinct from contemporary viruses from the Arabian Peninsula (clades A and B) but remain antigenically similar in microneutralization tests. Viruses from West (Nigeria, Burkina Faso) and North (Morocco) Africa form a subclade, C1, that shares clade-defining genetic signatures including deletions in the accessory gene ORF4b Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. A reverse genetics-derived recombinant MERS-CoV (EMC) lacking ORF4b elicited higher type I and III IFN responses than the isogenic EMC virus in Calu-3 cells. However, ORF4b deletions may not be the major determinant of the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to zoonotic potential. There is an urgent need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface. Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.

Enzymatic Mercury Detoxification: The Regulatory Protein MerR

CERN Multimedia

Ctortecka, B; Walsh, C T; Comess, K M

2002-01-01

Mercury ions and organomercurial reagents are extremely toxic due to their affinity for thiol groups. Many bacteria contain an elaborate detoxification system for a metabolic conversion of toxic Hg$^{2+}$ or organomercurials to less toxic elemental Hg$^0$. The main components of the enzymatic mercury detoxification (see Fig. 1) are the regulatory protein MerR (mercury responsive genetic switch), the organomercurial lyase MerB (cleavage of carbon mercury bonds), and the mercuric ion reductase MerA (reduction of mercuric ions). In these proteins Hg$^{2+}$ is usually coordinated by the thiol groups of cysteines. We utilize the nuclear quadrupole interaction (NQI) of ${\\rm^{199m}}$Hg detected by time differential perturbed angular correlation (TDPAC) to identify the Hg metal site geometries in these proteins in order to elucidate the molecular origin of the ultrasensitivity, selectivity and reaction mechanism of this detoxification system. The short lived TDPAC probe ${\\rm^{199m}}$Hg ($\\tau_{1/2} =$ 43 min) is su...

Discovery of novel bat coronaviruses in south China that use the same receptor as MERS coronavirus.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Chu-Ming; Wang, Ning; Yang, Xing-Lou; Liu, Hai-Zhou; Zhang, Wei; Li, Bei; Hu, Ben; Peng, Cheng; Geng, Qi-Bin; Zhu, Guang-Jian; Li, Fang; Shi, Zheng-Li

2018-04-18

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has represented a human health threat since 2012. Although several MERS-related CoVs, which belong to the same species as MERS-CoV, have been identified from bats, they do not use the MERS-CoV receptor, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). Here, we screened 1059 bat samples from at least 30 bat species collected in different regions in south China and identified 89 strains of lineage C betacoronaviruses, including Tylonycteris pachypus HKU4 , Pipistrellus pipistrellus HKU5, and MERS-related CoVs. We sequenced the full-length genomes of two positive samples collected from the great evening bat, Ia io , from Guangdong Province. The two genomes were highly similar and exhibited genomic structures identical to those of other lineage C betacoronaviruses. While they exhibited genome-wide nucleotide identities of only 75.3 to 81.2% with other MERS-related CoVs, their gene-coding regions were highly similar to their counterparts, except in the case of the spike proteins. Further protein--protein interaction assays demonstrated that the spike proteins of these MERS-related CoVs bind to the receptor DPP4. Recombination analysis suggested that the newly discovered MERS-related CoVs might have acquired their spike genes from a DPP4-recognizing bat HKU4. Our study provides further evidence that bats represent the evolutionary origins of MERS-CoV. IMPORTANCE Previous studies suggested that the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) may have originated in bats. However, its evolutionary path from bats to humans remains unclear. In this study, we discovered 89 novel lineage C betacoronaviruses (BetaCoVs) in eight bat species. We provide the evidence of a MERS-related CoV derived from the great evening bat that uses the same host receptor as human MERS-CoV. This virus also provides evidence for a natural recombination event between the bat MERS-related CoV and another bat coronavirus HKU4. Our study expands the host

Mida teed siis, kui töötaja on avaldanud soovi firmast lahkuda? / Inge Rumessen, Andres Hall, Mariliin Saar ... [jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2016-01-01

Küsimusele vastavad PR Strategies partner ja strateegiline konsultant Inge Rumessen, auto24ring juhataja Andrs Hall, vabakutseline loovjuht ja produtsent Mariliin Saar, advokaadibüroo Tark partner Hannes Küün, ettevõtte Ööloom ja Frank kaasasutaja Jan Plaan, haridus- ja teadusministeeriumi personaliosakonna juhataja Margot Saluse, Sorry as Service müügijuht ja asutaja Indrek Põldvee ja EBS-i rahvusvahelise koostöö prorektor Toomas Danneberg

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) in adults-a case report and literature review.

Science.gov (United States)

Yuan, Junliang; Yang, Shuna; Wang, Shuangkun; Qin, Wei; Yang, Lei; Hu, Wenli

2017-05-25

Mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with reversible splenial lesion (MERS) is a rare clinico-radiological entity characterized by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding of a reversible lesion in the corpus callosum, sometimes involved the symmetrical white matters. Many cases of child-onset MERS with various causes have been reported. However, adult-onset MERS is relatively rare. The clinical characteristics and pathophysiologiccal mechanisms of adult-onset MERS are not well understood. We reviewed the literature on adult-onset MERS in order to describe the characteristics of MERS in adults and to provide experiences for clinician. We reported a case of adult-onset MERS with acute urinary retension and performed literature search from PubMed and web of science databases to identify other adult-onset MERS reports from Januarary 2004 to March 2016. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed on selection process. And then we summarized the clinico-radiological features of adult-onset MERS. Twenty-nine adult-onset MERS cases were reviewed from available literature including the case we have. 86.2% of the cases (25/29) were reported in Asia, especially in Japan. Ages varied between 18 and 59 years old with a 12:17 female-to-male ratio. The major cause was infection by virus or bacteria. Fever and headache were the most common clinical manifestation, and acute urinary retention was observed in 6 patients. All patients recovered completely within a month. Adult-onset MERS is an entity with a broad clinico-radiological spectrum because of the various diseases and conditions. There are similar characteristics between MERS in adults and children, also some differences.

Ole Rømer som enevældens administrator

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Olden-Jørgensen, Sebastian

2004-01-01

En biografisk skitse af Ole Rømers virke med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og rådgiver for Christian V. Hans virke analyseres på baggrund af en ny forståelse for den tidlige enevældes politiske kultur.......En biografisk skitse af Ole Rømers virke med vægt på hans rolle som embedsmand og rådgiver for Christian V. Hans virke analyseres på baggrund af en ny forståelse for den tidlige enevældes politiske kultur....

Public response to MERS-CoV in the Middle East: iPhone survey in six countries.

Science.gov (United States)

Alqahtani, Amani S; Rashid, Harunor; Basyouni, Mada H; Alhawassi, Tariq M; BinDhim, Nasser F

Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries bear the heaviest brunt of MERS-CoV. This study aims to compare public awareness and practice around MERS-CoV across GCC countries. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using the Gulf Indicators (GI) smartphone app among people in the six GCC countries, namely Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain, and Oman. A total of 1812 participants recruited. All were aware of MERS-CoV, yet the perception and practice around MERS-CoV varied widely between countries. Over two thirds were either "not concerned" or "slightly concerned" about contracting MERS-CoV; believing that they were under Allah's (God's) protection (40%) was the most cited reason. While 79% were aware that the disease can transmit through droplet from infected person, only 12% stated that MERS-CoV transmits via camels; people in Saudi Arabia were better aware of the transmission. Nevertheless, only 22% of respondents believed that camels are the zoonotic reservoir of MERS-CoV. Those who were concerned about contracting MERS-CoV (aOR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1, pAuthors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

A Study on the Joint Reliability Importance with Applications to the Maintenance Policy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hong, Jung Sik; Kwon, Hong Je; Song, Mi Ja; Kim, Woong Kil; Yoong, Do Hwa [Seoul National Polytechnic University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Moon, Sin Myung; Cho, Bong Je; Moon, Jae Phil; Koo, Hoon Young; Lee, Jin Seung [Seoul National University, Seoul (Korea, Republic of)

1997-09-01

The objective of this project is to investigate the possibility of applying the Joint Reliability Importance(JRI) of two components to the establishment of system maintenance policy. Components are classified into reliability substitutes and reliability compliments. If the sign of JRI of two components is positive, they are called as reliability compliments. If the sign of JRI of two components is negative, they are called as reliability substitutes. In case of reliability compliments, one component becomes more important as the other one works and in case of reliability substitutes, one component becomes more important as the other one fails. Therefore, when the preventive maintenance is carried out, two components which are reliability substitutes should not be maintained at the same time. Also, when the corrective maintenance is carried out, we not only repair the failed components but pay attention to the functioning components which are reliability substitutes with respect to the failed components. The sign of JRI of any two components in series (parallel) system is positive (negative). Then, what is the sign of any two components in k-out-of-n:G system? This project presents an idea of characterizing the k-out-of-n:G system by calculating the JRI of two components in that system, assuming that reliability of all components are equal. In addition to the JRI of two components, JRI of two gates is introduced in this project. The algorithm to compute the JRI of two gates is presented. Bridge system is considered and the co-relation of two min cut sets is illustrated by using the cut-set representation of bridge system and calculating the JRI of two gates. 28 refs., 20 tabs., 32 figs. (author)

Worry experienced during the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS pandemic in Korea.

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Jun-Soo Ro

Full Text Available Korea failed in its risk communication during the early stage of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS outbreak; consequently, it faced difficulties in managing MERS, while disease-related worry increased. Disease-related worry can help disease prevention and management, but can also have a detrimental effect. This study measured the overall level of disease-related worry during the MERS outbreak period in Korea and the influencing factors and levels of disease-related worry during key outbreak periods.The cross-sectional survey included 1,000 adults who resided in Korea. An ordinal logistic regression was performed for the overall level of MERS-related worry, and influencing factors of worry were analyzed. A reliability test was performed on the levels of MERS-related worry during key outbreak periods.The overall level of MERS-related worry was 2.44. Multivariate analysis revealed that women and respondents w very poor subjective health status had higher levels of worry. Respondents with very high stress in daily life had higher levels of worry than those who reported having little stress. The reliability test results on MERS-related worry scores during key outbreak periods showed consistent scores during each period.Level of worry increased in cases having higher perceived susceptibility and greater trust in informal information, while initial stage of outbreak was closely associated with that at later stages. These findings suggest the importance of managing the level of worry by providing timely and accurate disease-related information during the initial stage of disease outbreak.

Asy2/Mer2: an evolutionarily conserved mediator of meiotic recombination, pairing, and global chromosome compaction.

Science.gov (United States)

Tessé, Sophie; Bourbon, Henri-Marc; Debuchy, Robert; Budin, Karine; Dubois, Emeline; Liangran, Zhang; Antoine, Romain; Piolot, Tristan; Kleckner, Nancy; Zickler, Denise; Espagne, Eric

2017-09-15

Meiosis is the cellular program by which a diploid cell gives rise to haploid gametes for sexual reproduction. Meiotic progression depends on tight physical and functional coupling of recombination steps at the DNA level with specific organizational features of meiotic-prophase chromosomes. The present study reveals that every step of this coupling is mediated by a single molecule: Asy2/Mer2. We show that Mer2, identified so far only in budding and fission yeasts, is in fact evolutionarily conserved from fungi (Mer2/Rec15/Asy2/Bad42) to plants (PRD3/PAIR1) and mammals (IHO1). In yeasts, Mer2 mediates assembly of recombination-initiation complexes and double-strand breaks (DSBs). This role is conserved in the fungus Sordaria However, functional analysis of 13 mer2 mutants and successive localization of Mer2 to axis, synaptonemal complex (SC), and chromatin revealed, in addition, three further important functions. First, after DSB formation, Mer2 is required for pairing by mediating homolog spatial juxtaposition, with implications for crossover (CO) patterning/interference. Second, Mer2 participates in the transfer/maintenance and release of recombination complexes to/from the SC central region. Third, after completion of recombination, potentially dependent on SUMOylation, Mer2 mediates global chromosome compaction and post-recombination chiasma development. Thus, beyond its role as a recombinosome-axis/SC linker molecule, Mer2 has important functions in relation to basic chromosome structure. © 2017 Tessé et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus seroprevalence in domestic livestock in Saudi Arabia, 2010 to 2013.

Science.gov (United States)

Hemida, M G; Perera, R A; Wang, P; Alhammadi, M A; Siu, L Y; Li, M; Poon, L L; Saif, L; Alnaeem, A; Peiris, M

2013-12-12

In Saudi Arabia, including regions of Riyadh and Al Ahsa, pseudoparticle neutralisation (ppNT) and microneutralisation (MNT) tests detected no antibodies to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in sheep (n= 100), goats (n= 45), cattle (n= 50) and chickens (n= 240). Dromedary camels however, had a high prevalence of MERS-CoV antibodies. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) infected sera from cattle had no cross-reactivity in MERS-CoV ppNT or MNT, while many dromedary camels’ sera reacted to both BCoV and MERS-CoV. Some nevertheless displayed specific serologic reaction profiles to MERS-CoV.

Biomolecular Mechanisms of Mercury Transfers and Transformations by Proteins of the Mer Operon

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, S. M.; Hong, B.; Nauss, R.; Momany, C.; Summers, A. O.; Feng, X.; Harwood, I.; Stroud, R.

2008-12-01

Aerobic bacteria exhibiting resistance to the toxic effects of Hg(II) and organomercurials [RHg(I), e.g. MeHg(I)] and are widely found in both pristine and mercury contaminated environments. Resistance, afforded by a plasmid- or transposon-associated mer operon, involves an unusual pathway where Hg(II) and organomercurials [RHg(I)] undergo facilitated entry into the bacterial cytoplasm via an integral membrane transport protein (MerT) and are then "detoxified" by the concerted effort of two enzymes, organomercurial lyase (MerB), which catalyzes dealkylation (i.e., demethylation) of RHg(I) to Hg(II) and a hydrocarbon, and mercuric ion reductase (MerA), which catalyzes reduction of Hg(II) to Hg(0) as the ultimate detoxification for the organism. With a widespread distribution, these bacterial transformations play a significant role in the fate of mercury in the environment. Our focus is on elucidation of the molecular mechanisms for the transport and catalytic transformations of RHg(I) and Hg(II) by these proteins and the factors that influence the overall efficiency of the process. Current efforts are focused primarily on elucidating details of RHg(I) binding and dealkylation by MerB as well as the mechanism for transfer of the Hg(II) product to MerA. Key findings include the demonstration of a non-cysteine residue as essential for the catalytic activity and demonstration that direct transfer of Hg(II) to MerA proceeds more rapidly and more completely than transfer to small MW thiols such as cysteines or glutathione. Reuslts of these studies as well as an overview of our current understanding of the whole system will be presented.

1 küsimus noorele juhile : Milline peaks olema see firma, kus tahad viie aasta pärast töötada? / Kristi Loikmaa, Siim Saare, Tiiu Roosma ... [jt.

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2009-01-01

Küsimusele vastavad Ekspress Hotline'i turundujuht Kristi Loikmaa, SEBi organisatsiooni arendusjuht Siim Saare, BonBon Lingerie disainer ja osanik Tiiu Roosma, Advisio asutaja ja juht Lauri Antalainen, Brenstoli müügijuht Maret Puskar ning Carrot Konverentside partner Ott Sarapuu

Comparing fixed sampling with minimizer sampling when using k-mer indexes to find maximal exact matches.

Science.gov (United States)

Almutairy, Meznah; Torng, Eric

2018-01-01

Bioinformatics applications and pipelines increasingly use k-mer indexes to search for similar sequences. The major problem with k-mer indexes is that they require lots of memory. Sampling is often used to reduce index size and query time. Most applications use one of two major types of sampling: fixed sampling and minimizer sampling. It is well known that fixed sampling will produce a smaller index, typically by roughly a factor of two, whereas it is generally assumed that minimizer sampling will produce faster query times since query k-mers can also be sampled. However, no direct comparison of fixed and minimizer sampling has been performed to verify these assumptions. We systematically compare fixed and minimizer sampling using the human genome as our database. We use the resulting k-mer indexes for fixed sampling and minimizer sampling to find all maximal exact matches between our database, the human genome, and three separate query sets, the mouse genome, the chimp genome, and an NGS data set. We reach the following conclusions. First, using larger k-mers reduces query time for both fixed sampling and minimizer sampling at a cost of requiring more space. If we use the same k-mer size for both methods, fixed sampling requires typically half as much space whereas minimizer sampling processes queries only slightly faster. If we are allowed to use any k-mer size for each method, then we can choose a k-mer size such that fixed sampling both uses less space and processes queries faster than minimizer sampling. The reason is that although minimizer sampling is able to sample query k-mers, the number of shared k-mer occurrences that must be processed is much larger for minimizer sampling than fixed sampling. In conclusion, we argue that for any application where each shared k-mer occurrence must be processed, fixed sampling is the right sampling method.

Comparing fixed sampling with minimizer sampling when using k-mer indexes to find maximal exact matches.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meznah Almutairy

Full Text Available Bioinformatics applications and pipelines increasingly use k-mer indexes to search for similar sequences. The major problem with k-mer indexes is that they require lots of memory. Sampling is often used to reduce index size and query time. Most applications use one of two major types of sampling: fixed sampling and minimizer sampling. It is well known that fixed sampling will produce a smaller index, typically by roughly a factor of two, whereas it is generally assumed that minimizer sampling will produce faster query times since query k-mers can also be sampled. However, no direct comparison of fixed and minimizer sampling has been performed to verify these assumptions. We systematically compare fixed and minimizer sampling using the human genome as our database. We use the resulting k-mer indexes for fixed sampling and minimizer sampling to find all maximal exact matches between our database, the human genome, and three separate query sets, the mouse genome, the chimp genome, and an NGS data set. We reach the following conclusions. First, using larger k-mers reduces query time for both fixed sampling and minimizer sampling at a cost of requiring more space. If we use the same k-mer size for both methods, fixed sampling requires typically half as much space whereas minimizer sampling processes queries only slightly faster. If we are allowed to use any k-mer size for each method, then we can choose a k-mer size such that fixed sampling both uses less space and processes queries faster than minimizer sampling. The reason is that although minimizer sampling is able to sample query k-mers, the number of shared k-mer occurrences that must be processed is much larger for minimizer sampling than fixed sampling. In conclusion, we argue that for any application where each shared k-mer occurrence must be processed, fixed sampling is the right sampling method.

Comparing fixed sampling with minimizer sampling when using k-mer indexes to find maximal exact matches

Science.gov (United States)

Torng, Eric

2018-01-01

Bioinformatics applications and pipelines increasingly use k-mer indexes to search for similar sequences. The major problem with k-mer indexes is that they require lots of memory. Sampling is often used to reduce index size and query time. Most applications use one of two major types of sampling: fixed sampling and minimizer sampling. It is well known that fixed sampling will produce a smaller index, typically by roughly a factor of two, whereas it is generally assumed that minimizer sampling will produce faster query times since query k-mers can also be sampled. However, no direct comparison of fixed and minimizer sampling has been performed to verify these assumptions. We systematically compare fixed and minimizer sampling using the human genome as our database. We use the resulting k-mer indexes for fixed sampling and minimizer sampling to find all maximal exact matches between our database, the human genome, and three separate query sets, the mouse genome, the chimp genome, and an NGS data set. We reach the following conclusions. First, using larger k-mers reduces query time for both fixed sampling and minimizer sampling at a cost of requiring more space. If we use the same k-mer size for both methods, fixed sampling requires typically half as much space whereas minimizer sampling processes queries only slightly faster. If we are allowed to use any k-mer size for each method, then we can choose a k-mer size such that fixed sampling both uses less space and processes queries faster than minimizer sampling. The reason is that although minimizer sampling is able to sample query k-mers, the number of shared k-mer occurrences that must be processed is much larger for minimizer sampling than fixed sampling. In conclusion, we argue that for any application where each shared k-mer occurrence must be processed, fixed sampling is the right sampling method. PMID:29389989

Intégration régionale et politique des outre-mers

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Didier Benjamin

1999-06-01

Full Text Available Grâce à ses outre-mers, qui lui apportent 96% de sa zone économique exclusive, la France dispose du troisième domaine maritime du monde et assure une présence sur tous les océans. Cependant, les outre-mers ne jouent plus qu'un rôle mineur dans la politique des océans. Ce paradoxe s'explique en partie par les difficultés qu'ils rencontrent à s'insérer dans les échanges internationaux et à s'intégrer aux organisations régionales. Les différences de niveaux de développement socioéconomique avec les pays voisins contribuent à isoler les outre-mers dans leur environnement immédiat.

Kmerind: A Flexible Parallel Library for K-mer Indexing of Biological Sequences on Distributed Memory Systems.

Science.gov (United States)

Pan, Tony; Flick, Patrick; Jain, Chirag; Liu, Yongchao; Aluru, Srinivas

2017-10-09

Counting and indexing fixed length substrings, or k-mers, in biological sequences is a key step in many bioinformatics tasks including genome alignment and mapping, genome assembly, and error correction. While advances in next generation sequencing technologies have dramatically reduced the cost and improved latency and throughput, few bioinformatics tools can efficiently process the datasets at the current generation rate of 1.8 terabases every 3 days. We present Kmerind, a high performance parallel k-mer indexing library for distributed memory environments. The Kmerind library provides a set of simple and consistent APIs with sequential semantics and parallel implementations that are designed to be flexible and extensible. Kmerind's k-mer counter performs similarly or better than the best existing k-mer counting tools even on shared memory systems. In a distributed memory environment, Kmerind counts k-mers in a 120 GB sequence read dataset in less than 13 seconds on 1024 Xeon CPU cores, and fully indexes their positions in approximately 17 seconds. Querying for 1% of the k-mers in these indices can be completed in 0.23 seconds and 28 seconds, respectively. Kmerind is the first k-mer indexing library for distributed memory environments, and the first extensible library for general k-mer indexing and counting. Kmerind is available at https://github.com/ParBLiSS/kmerind.

MERS-CoV Accessory ORFs Play Key Role for Infection and Pathogenesis

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Menachery, Vineet D.; Mitchell, Hugh D.; Cockrell, Adam S.; Gralinski, Lisa E.; Yount, Boyd L.; Graham, Rachel L.; McAnarney, Eileen T.; Douglas, Madeline G.; Scobey, Trevor; Beall, Anne; Dinnon, Kenneth; Kocher, Jacob F.; Hale, Andrew E.; Stratton, Kelly G.; Waters, Katrina M.; Baric, Ralph S.; Racaniello, Vincent R.

2017-08-22

While dispensable for viral replication, coronavirus (CoV) accessory open reading frame (ORF) proteins often play critical roles during infection and pathogenesis. Utilizing a previously generated mutant, we demonstrate that the absence of all four Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) accessory ORFs (deletion of ORF3, -4a, -4b, and -5 [dORF3-5]) has major implications for viral replication and pathogenesis. Importantly, attenuation of the dORF3-5 mutant is primarily driven by dysregulated host responses, including disrupted cell processes, augmented interferon (IFN) pathway activation, and robust inflammation.In vitroreplication attenuation also extends toin vivomodels, allowing use of dORF3-5 as a live attenuated vaccine platform. Finally, examination of ORF5 implicates a partial role in modulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Together, the results demonstrate the importance of MERS-CoV accessory ORFs for pathogenesis and highlight them as potential targets for surveillance and therapeutic treatments moving forward.

IMPORTANCEThe initial emergence and periodic outbreaks of MERS-CoV highlight a continuing threat posed by zoonotic pathogens to global public health. In these studies, mutant virus generation demonstrates the necessity of accessory ORFs in regard to MERS-CoV infection and pathogenesis. With this in mind, accessory ORF functions can be targeted for both therapeutic and vaccine treatments in response to MERS-CoV and related group 2C coronaviruses. In addition, disruption of accessory ORFs in parallel may offer a rapid response platform to attenuation of future emergent strains based on both SARS- and MERS-CoV accessory ORF mutants.

Isolation and Cloning of mercuric reductase gene (merA from mercury-resistant bacteria

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Parisa Khoshniyat

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Some of the bacteria having merA gene coding mineral mercury reducing enzyme, has genetic potential of Hg removing via reduction of mineral mercury and transformation of that to gas form and finally bioremediation of polluted area. The aim of this study is the isolation of merA gene from resistance bacteria and cloning of that into suitable expression vector and then the environmental bioremediation by the transformation of bacteria with this vector. Materials and methods: A number of bacteria were collected in contaminated areas with mercury in order to isolate merA genes. Polymerase chain reaction had done on the four bacterial genomes including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli using the specific primers in order to detect merA gene. For cloning, the primers containing restriction enzyme sites are used, merA gene was isolated and amplified. The amplified fragments were cloned in the expression vector pET21a+ and via heat shock method were transformed into E. coli TOP10 competent cell. For clustering of genes, Mega software version 4 was used and bioanformatic studies were achieved for predicted enzyme. Results: merA gene with 1686 bp in length was isolated from K pneumoniae and E. coli. Recombinant vectors in transgenic bacteria were confirmed by various methods and finally were confirmed by sequencing. The result of clustering these genes with existence genes in NCBI showed high similarity. Discussion and conclusion: The existence of merA gene in bacteria that adapted to Hg pollution area is because of resistance, so with cloning this gene into suitable expression vector and transformation of susceptible bacteria with this vector ability of resistance to Hg in bacteria for bioremediation could be given.

Comparison between SARS CoV and MERS CoV Using Apriori Algorithm, Decision Tree, SVM

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Jang Seongpil

2016-01-01

Full Text Available MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome is a worldwide disease these days. The number of infected people is 1038(08/03/2015 in Saudi Arabia and 186(08/03/2015 in South Korea. MERS is all over the world including Europe and the fatality rate is 38.8%, East Asia and the Middle East. The MERS is also known as a cousin of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome because both diseases show similar symptoms such as high fever and difficulty in breathing. This is why we compared MERS with SARS. We used data of the spike glycoprotein from NCBI. As a way of analyzing the protein, apriori algorithm, decision tree, SVM were used, and particularly SVM was iterated by normal, polynomial, and sigmoid. The result came out that the MERS and the SARS are alike but also different in some way.

Simrank: Rapid and sensitive general-purpose k-mer search tool

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

DeSantis, T.Z.; Keller, K.; Karaoz, U.; Alekseyenko, A.V; Singh, N.N.S.; Brodie, E.L; Pei, Z.; Andersen, G.L; Larsen, N.

2011-04-01

Terabyte-scale collections of string-encoded data are expected from consortia efforts such as the Human Microbiome Project (http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/hmp). Intra- and inter-project data similarity searches are enabled by rapid k-mer matching strategies. Software applications for sequence database partitioning, guide tree estimation, molecular classification and alignment acceleration have benefited from embedded k-mer searches as sub-routines. However, a rapid, general-purpose, open-source, flexible, stand-alone k-mer tool has not been available. Here we present a stand-alone utility, Simrank, which allows users to rapidly identify database strings the most similar to query strings. Performance testing of Simrank and related tools against DNA, RNA, protein and human-languages found Simrank 10X to 928X faster depending on the dataset. Simrank provides molecular ecologists with a high-throughput, open source choice for comparing large sequence sets to find similarity.

Ole Rømer-Observatoriet

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buhl, Hans; Knudsen, Ole J.; Nielsen, Axel V.

Siden 1911 har der ligget et astronomisk observatorium i Århus. Ole Rømer-Observatoriet blev efter en turbulent start drevet af kommunen, indtil Aarhus Universitet i 1956 overtog det. Der har fra tid til anden været både kontroverser og trusler om lukning, men arbejdet på observatoriet har også...... fortæller museumsinspektør Hans Buhl og planetarieleder Ole J. Knudsen, begge Steno Museet, de næste 95 år af observatoriets brogede historie....

Nordic Winter and Cold: Their Correspondence with Tomas Tranströmer's Poetry

Science.gov (United States)

Hosian, Mohammad Akbar

2015-01-01

The Nobel Prize winning poet Tomas Tranströmer was born and bred in Sweden, a remarkably Scandinavian country. Topographically, Scandinavian countries are locations of extreme cold and snowing. This distinguishing climatic condition has had a dominant influence and impact on almost all Scandinavian art and literature, including Tomas Tranströmer's…

Multiple comparative metagenomics using multiset k-mer counting

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Gaëtan Benoit

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Background Large scale metagenomic projects aim to extract biodiversity knowledge between different environmental conditions. Current methods for comparing microbial communities face important limitations. Those based on taxonomical or functional assignation rely on a small subset of the sequences that can be associated to known organisms. On the other hand, de novo methods, that compare the whole sets of sequences, either do not scale up on ambitious metagenomic projects or do not provide precise and exhaustive results. Methods These limitations motivated the development of a new de novo metagenomic comparative method, called Simka. This method computes a large collection of standard ecological distances by replacing species counts by k-mer counts. Simka scales-up today’s metagenomic projects thanks to a new parallel k-mer counting strategy on multiple datasets. Results Experiments on public Human Microbiome Project datasets demonstrate that Simka captures the essential underlying biological structure. Simka was able to compute in a few hours both qualitative and quantitative ecological distances on hundreds of metagenomic samples (690 samples, 32 billions of reads. We also demonstrate that analyzing metagenomes at the k-mer level is highly correlated with extremely precise de novo comparison techniques which rely on all-versus-all sequences alignment strategy or which are based on taxonomic profiling.

28-mer Fragment Derived from Enterocin CRL35 Displays an Unexpected Bactericidal Effect on Listeria Cells.

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Masias, Emilse; Sanches, Paulo R S; Dupuy, Fernando G; Acuna, Leonardo; Bellomio, Augusto; Cilli, Eduardo; Saavedra, Lucila; Minahk, Carlos

2015-01-01

Two shorter peptides derived from enterocin CRL35, a 43-mer bacteriocin, were synthesized i.e. the N-terminal fragment spanning from residues 1 to 15, and a 28-mer fragment that represents the C-terminal of enterocin CRL35, the residues 16 to 43. The separate peptides showed no activity when combined. On one hand, the 28-mer peptide displayed an unpredicted antimicrobial activity. On the other, 15- mer peptide had no consistent anti-Listeria effect. The dissociation constants calculated from experimental data indicated that all peptides could bind at similar extent to the sensitive cells. However, transmembrane electrical potential was not dissipated to the same level by the different peptides; whereas the full-length and the C-terminal 28-mer fragment induced almost full dissipation, 15-mer fragment produced only a slow and incomplete effect. Furthermore, a different interaction of each peptide with membranes was demonstrated based on studies carried out with liposomes, which led us to conclude that activity was related to structure rather than to net positive charges. These results open up the possibility of designing new peptides based on the 28-mer fragment with enhanced activity, which would represent a promising approach for combating Listeria and other pathogens.

Mer tyrosine kinase promotes the survival of t(1;19)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the central nervous system (CNS).

Science.gov (United States)

Krause, Sarah; Pfeiffer, Christian; Strube, Susanne; Alsadeq, Ameera; Fedders, Henning; Vokuhl, Christian; Loges, Sonja; Waizenegger, Jonas; Ben-Batalla, Isabel; Cario, Gunnar; Möricke, Anja; Stanulla, Martin; Schrappe, Martin; Schewe, Denis M

2015-01-29

Patients with t(1;19)-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are prone to central nervous system (CNS) relapses, and expression of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mer) receptor Mer is upregulated in these leukemias. We examined the functional role of Mer in the CNS in preclinical models and performed correlative studies in 64 t(1;19)-positive and 93 control pediatric ALL patients. ALL cells were analyzed in coculture with human glioma cells and normal rat astrocytes: CNS coculture caused quiescence and protection from methotrexate toxicity in Mer(high) ALL cell lines, which was antagonized by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Mer. Mer expression was upregulated, prosurvival Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling were activated, and secretion of the Mer ligand Galectin-3 was stimulated. Mer(high) t(1;19) primary cells caused CNS involvement to a larger extent in murine xenografts than in their Mer(low) counterparts. Leukemic cells from Mer(high) xenografts showed enhanced survival in coculture. Treatment of Mer(high) patient cells with the Mer-specific inhibitor UNC-569 in vivo delayed leukemia onset, reduced CNS infiltration, and prolonged survival of mice. Finally, a correlation between high Mer expression and CNS positivity upon initial diagnosis was observed in t(1;19) patients. Our data provide evidence that Mer is associated with survival in the CNS in t(1;19)-positive ALL, suggesting a role as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. © 2015 by The American Society of Hematology.

Mercuric ion reduction and resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a modified bacterial merA gene.

Science.gov (United States)

Rugh, C L; Wilde, H D; Stack, N M; Thompson, D M; Summers, A O; Meagher, R B

1996-01-01

With global heavy metal contamination increasing, plants that can process heavy metals might provide efficient and ecologically sound approaches to sequestration and removal. Mercuric ion reductase, MerA, converts toxic Hg2+ to the less toxic, relatively inert metallic mercury (Hg0) The bacterial merA sequence is rich in CpG dinucleotides and has a highly skewed codon usage, both of which are particularly unfavorable to efficient expression in plants. We constructed a mutagenized merA sequence, merApe9, modifying the flanking region and 9% of the coding region and placing this sequence under control of plant regulatory elements. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds expressing merApe9 germinated, and these seedlings grew, flowered, and set seed on medium containing HgCl2 concentrations of 25-100 microM (5-20 ppm), levels toxic to several controls. Transgenic merApe9 seedlings evolved considerable amounts of Hg0 relative to control plants. The rate of mercury evolution and the level of resistance were proportional to the steady-state mRNA level, confirming that resistance was due to expression of the MerApe9 enzyme. Plants and bacteria expressing merApe9 were also resistant to toxic levels of Au3+. These and other data suggest that there are potentially viable molecular genetic approaches to the phytoremediation of metal ion pollution. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:8622910

The effect of multiple external representations (MERs) worksheets toward complex system reasoning achievement

Science.gov (United States)

Sumarno; Ibrahim, M.; Supardi, Z. A. I.

2018-03-01

The application of a systems approach to assessing biological systems provides hope for a coherent understanding of cell dynamics patterns and their relationship to plant life. This action required the reasoning about complex systems. In other sides, there were a lot of researchers who provided the proof about the instructional successions. They involved the multiple external representations which improved the biological learning. The researcher conducted an investigation using one shoot case study design which involved 30 students in proving that the MERs worksheets could affect the student's achievement of reasoning about complex system. The data had been collected based on test of reasoning about complex system and student's identification result who worked through MERs. The result showed that only partially students could achieve reasoning about system complex, but their MERs skill could support their reasoning ability of complex system. This study could bring a new hope to develop the MERs worksheet as a tool to facilitate the reasoning about complex system.

Feasibility of Using Convalescent Plasma Immunotherapy for MERS-CoV Infection, Saudi Arabia

Science.gov (United States)

Hajeer, Ali H.; Luke, Thomas; Raviprakash, Kanakatte; Balkhy, Hanan; Johani, Sameera; Al-Dawood, Abdulaziz; Al-Qahtani, Saad; Al-Omari, Awad; Al-Hameed, Fahad; Hayden, Frederick G.; Fowler, Robert; Bouchama, Abderrezak; Shindo, Nahoko; Al-Khairy, Khalid; Carson, Gail; Taha, Yusri; Sadat, Musharaf; Alahmadi, Mashail

2016-01-01

We explored the feasibility of collecting convalescent plasma for passive immunotherapy of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection by using ELISA to screen serum samples from 443 potential plasma donors: 196 patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection, 230 healthcare workers, and 17 household contacts exposed to MERS-CoV. ELISA-reactive samples were further tested by indirect fluorescent antibody and microneutralization assays. Of the 443 tested samples, 12 (2.7%) had a reactive ELISA result, and 9 of the 12 had reactive indirect fluorescent antibody and microneutralization assay titers. Undertaking clinical trials of convalescent plasma for passive immunotherapy of MERS-CoV infection may be feasible, but such trials would be challenging because of the small pool of potential donors with sufficiently high antibody titers. Alternative strategies to identify convalescent plasma donors with adequate antibody titers should be explored, including the sampling of serum from patients with more severe disease and sampling at earlier points during illness. PMID:27532807

Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Drosten, Christian; Meyer, Benjamin; Müller, Marcel A; Corman, Victor M; Al-Masri, Malak; Hossain, Raheela; Madani, Hosam; Sieberg, Andrea; Bosch, Berend Jan|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/273306049; Lattwein, Erik; Alhakeem, Raafat F; Assiri, Abdullah M; Hajomar, Waleed; Albarrak, Ali M; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Zumla, Alimuddin I; Memish, Ziad A

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND: Strategies to contain the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) depend on knowledge of the rate of human-to-human transmission, including subclinical infections. A lack of serologic tools has hindered targeted studies of transmission. METHODS: We studied 26 index

Nucleation and Growth Kinetics from LaMer Burst Data.

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Chu, Daniel B K; Owen, Jonathan S; Peters, Baron

2017-10-12

In LaMer burst nucleation, the individual nucleation events happen en masse, quasi-simultaneously, and at nearly identical homogeneous conditions. These properties make LaMer burst nucleation important for applications that require monodispersed particles and also for theoretical analyses. Sugimoto and co-workers predicted that the number of nuclei generated during a LaMer burst depends only on the solute supply rate and the growth rate, independent of the nucleation kinetics. Some experiments confirm that solute supply kinetics control the number of nuclei, but flaws in the original theoretical analysis raise questions about the predicted roles of growth and nucleation kinetics. We provide a rigorous analysis of the coupled equations that govern concentrations of nuclei and solutes. Our analysis confirms that the number of nuclei is largely determined by the solute supply and growth rates, but our predicted relationship differs from that of Sugimoto et al. Moreover, we find that additional nucleus size dependent corrections should emerge in systems with slow growth kinetics. Finally, we show how the nucleation kinetics determine the particle size distribution. We suggest that measured particle size distributions might therefore provide ways to test theoretical models of homogeneous nucleation kinetics.

The impact of multichannel microelectrode recording (MER) in deep brain stimulation of the basal ganglia.

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Kinfe, Thomas M; Vesper, Jan

2013-01-01

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the basal ganglia (Ncl. subthalamicus, Ncl. ventralis intermedius thalami, globus pallidus internus) has become an evidence-based and well-established treatment option in otherwise refractory movement disorders. The Ncl. subthalamicus (STN) is the target of choice in Parkinson's disease.However, a considerable discussion is currently ongoing with regard to the necessity for micro-electrode recording (MER) in DBS surgery.The present review provides an overview on deep brain stimulation and (MER) of the STN in patients with Parkinson's disease. Detailed description is given concerning the multichannel MER systems nowadays available for DBS of the basal ganglia, especially of the STN, as a useful tool for target refinement. Furthermore, an overview is given of the historical aspects, spatial mapping of the STN by MER, and its impact for accuracy and precision in current functional stereotactic neurosurgery.The pros concerning target refinement by MER means on the one hand, and cons including increased bleeding risk, increased operation time, local or general anesthesia, and single versus multichannel microelectrode recording are discussed in detail. Finally, the authors favor the use of MER with intraoperative testing combined with imaging to achieve a more precise electrode placement, aiming to ameliorate clinical outcome in therapy-resistant movement disorders.

Conserved antigenic sites between MERS-CoV and Bat-coronavirus are revealed through sequence analysis.

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Sharmin, Refat; Islam, Abul B M M K

2016-01-01

MERS-CoV is a newly emerged human coronavirus reported closely related with HKU4 and HKU5 Bat coronaviruses. Bat and MERS corona-viruses are structurally related. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the degree of conserved antigenic sites among them. It is of importance to elucidate the shared antigenic-sites and extent of conservation between them to understand the evolutionary dynamics of MERS-CoV. Multiple sequence alignment of the spike (S), membrane (M), enveloped (E) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins was employed to identify the sequence conservation among MERS and Bat (HKU4, HKU5) coronaviruses. We used various in silico tools to predict the conserved antigenic sites. We found that MERS-CoV shared 30 % of its S protein antigenic sites with HKU4 and 70 % with HKU5 bat-CoV. Whereas 100 % of its E, M and N protein's antigenic sites are found to be conserved with those in HKU4 and HKU5. This sharing suggests that in case of pathogenicity MERS-CoV is more closely related to HKU5 bat-CoV than HKU4 bat-CoV. The conserved epitopes indicates their evolutionary relationship and ancestry of pathogenicity.

Dromedary camels and the transmission of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV)

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Hemida, Maged G; Elmoslemany, Ahmed; Al-Hizab, Fahad; Alnaeem, Abdulmohsen; Almathen, Faisal; Faye, Bernard; Chu, Daniel KW; Perera, Ranawaka A; Peiris, Malik

2015-01-01

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an existential threat to global public health. The virus has been repeatedly detected in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius). Adult animals in many countries in the Middle East as well as in North and East Africa showed high (>90%) sero-prevalence to the virus. MERS-CoV isolated from dromedaries is genetically and phenotypically similar to viruses from humans. We summarise current understanding of the ecology of MERS-CoV in animals and transmission at the animal-human interface. We review aspects of husbandry, animal movements and trade and the use and consumption of camel dairy and meat products in the Middle East that may be relevant to the epidemiology of MERS. We also highlight the gaps in understanding the transmission of this virus in animals and from animals to humans. PMID:26256102

A Novel Dynamic Model Describing the Spread of the MERS-CoV and the Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4

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Siming Tang

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS coronavirus, a newly identified pathogen, causes severe pneumonia in humans. MERS is caused by a coronavirus known as MERS-CoV, which attacks the respiratory system. The recently defined receptor for MERS-CoV, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, is generally expressed in endothelial and epithelial cells and has been shown to be present on cultured human nonciliated bronchiolar epithelium cells. In this paper, a class of novel four-dimensional dynamic model describing the infection of MERS-CoV is given, and then global stability of the equilibria of the model is discussed. Our results show that the spread of MERS-CoV can also be controlled by decreasing the expression rate of DPP4.

A Computational Approach for Predicting Role of Human MicroRNAs in MERS-CoV Genome

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Md Mahmudul Hasan

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The new epidemic Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS is caused by a type of human coronavirus called MERS-CoV which has global fatality rate of about 30%. We are investigating potential antiviral therapeutics against MERS-CoV by using host microRNAs (miRNAs which may downregulate viral gene expression to quell viral replication. We computationally predicted potential 13 cellular miRNAs from 11 potential hairpin sequences of MERS-CoV genome. Our study provided an interesting hypothesis that those miRNAs, that is, hsa-miR-628-5p, hsa-miR-6804-3p, hsa-miR-4289, hsa-miR-208a-3p, hsa-miR-510-3p, hsa-miR-18a-3p, hsa-miR-329-3p, hsa-miR-548ax, hsa-miR-3934-5p, hsa-miR-4474-5p, hsa-miR-7974, hsa-miR-6865-5p, and hsa-miR-342-3p, would be antiviral therapeutics against MERS-CoV infection.

Histopathology of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronovirus (MERS-CoV) infection - clinicopathological and ultrastructural study.

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Alsaad, Khaled O; Hajeer, Ali H; Al Balwi, Mohammed; Al Moaiqel, Mohammed; Al Oudah, Nourah; Al Ajlan, Abdulaziz; AlJohani, Sameera; Alsolamy, Sami; Gmati, Giamal E; Balkhy, Hanan; Al-Jahdali, Hamdan H; Baharoon, Salim A; Arabi, Yaseen M

2018-02-01

The pathogenesis, viral localization and histopathological features of Middle East respiratory syndrome - coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in humans are not described sufficiently. The aims of this study were to explore and define the spectrum of histological and ultrastructural pathological changes affecting various organs in a patient with MERS-CoV infection and represent a base of MERS-CoV histopathology. We analysed the post-mortem histopathological findings and investigated localisation of viral particles in the pulmonary and extrapulmonary tissue by transmission electron microscopic examination in a 33-year-old male patient of T cell lymphoma, who acquired MERS-CoV infection. Tissue needle biopsies were obtained from brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle. All samples were collected within 45 min from death to reduce tissue decomposition and artefact. Histopathological examination showed necrotising pneumonia, pulmonary diffuse alveolar damage, acute kidney injury, portal and lobular hepatitis and myositis with muscle atrophic changes. The brain and heart were histologically unremarkable. Ultrastructurally, viral particles were localised in the pneumocytes, pulmonary macrophages, renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and macrophages infiltrating the skeletal muscles. The results highlight the pulmonary and extrapulmonary pathological changes of MERS-CoV infection and provide the first evidence of the viral presence in human renal tissue, which suggests tissue trophism for MERS-CoV in kidney. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Application of a mer-lux biosensor for estimating bioavailable mercury in soil

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Lasse Dam; Sørensen, S. J.; Turner, R. R.

2000-01-01

A previously described bioassay using a mer-lux gene fusion for detection of bioavailable mercury was applied for the estimation of the bioavailable fraction of mercury in soil. The bioavailable fraction is defined here as being part of the water leachable fraction. Due to masking of light emission...... responses. The utility of the mer-lux biosensor assay was tested by relating measurements of bioavailable and total mercury to the response of the soil microbial community to mercury exposure. Two different soil types (an agricultural and a beech forest soil) were spiked with 2.5 µg Hg(II) g-1 in microcosms...... in resistance or diversity. This study showed that the bioassay using the mer-lux biosensor is a useful and sensitive tool for estimation of bioavailable mercury in soil....

Co-circulation of three camel coronavirus species and recombination of MERS-CoVs in Saudi Arabia.

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Sabir, Jamal S M; Lam, Tommy T-Y; Ahmed, Mohamed M M; Li, Lifeng; Shen, Yongyi; Abo-Aba, Salah E M; Qureshi, Muhammd I; Abu-Zeid, Mohamed; Zhang, Yu; Khiyami, Mohammad A; Alharbi, Njud S; Hajrah, Nahid H; Sabir, Meshaal J; Mutwakil, Mohammed H Z; Kabli, Saleh A; Alsulaimany, Faten A S; Obaid, Abdullah Y; Zhou, Boping; Smith, David K; Holmes, Edward C; Zhu, Huachen; Guan, Yi

2016-01-01

Outbreaks of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) raise questions about the prevalence and evolution of the MERS coronavirus (CoV) in its animal reservoir. Our surveillance in Saudi Arabia in 2014 and 2015 showed that viruses of the MERS-CoV species and a human CoV 229E-related lineage co-circulated at high prevalence, with frequent co-infections in the upper respiratory tract of dromedary camels. viruses of the betacoronavirus 1 species, we found that dromedary camels share three CoV species with humans. Several MERS-CoV lineages were present in camels, including a recombinant lineage that has been dominant since December 2014 and that subsequently led to the human outbreaks in 2015. Camels therefore serve as an important reservoir for the maintenance and diversification of the MERS-CoVs and are the source of human infections with this virus. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Factors affecting antimicrobial activity of MUC7 12-mer, a human salivary mucin-derived peptide

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Bobek Libuse A

2007-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background MUC7 12-mer (RKSYKCLHKRCR, a cationic antimicrobial peptide derived from the human low-molecular-weight salivary mucin MUC7, possesses potent antimicrobial activity in vitro. In order to evaluate the potential therapeutic application of the MUC7 12-mer, we examined the effects of mono- and divalent cations, EDTA, pH, and temperature on its antimicrobial activity. Methods Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs were determined using a liquid growth inhibition assay in 96-well microtiter plates. MUC7 12-mer was added at concentrations of 1.56–50 μM. MICs were determined at three endpoints: MIC-0, MIC-1, and MIC-2 (the lowest drug concentration showing 10%, 25% and 50% of growth, respectively. To examine the effect of salts or EDTA, a checkerboard microdilution technique was used. Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi was calculated on the basis of MIC-0. The viability of microbial cells treated with MUC7 12-mer in the presence of sodium or potassium was also determined by killing assay or flow cytometry. Results The MICs of MUC7 12-mer against organisms tested ranged from 6.25–50 μM. For C. albicans, antagonism (FICi 4.5 was observed for the combination of MUC7 12-mer and calcium; however, there was synergism (FICi 0.22 between MUC7 12-mer and EDTA, and the synergism was retained in the presence of calcium at its physiological concentration (1–2 mM. No antagonism but additivity or indifference (FICi 0.55–2.5 was observed for the combination of MUC7 12-mer and each K+, Na+, Mg2+, or Zn2+. MUC7 12-mer peptide (at 25 μM also exerted killing activity in the presence of NaCl, (up to 25 mM for C. albicans and up to 150 mM for E. coli, a physiological concentration of sodium in the oral cavity and serum, respectively and retained candidacidal activity in the presence of KCl (up to 40 mM. The peptide exhibited higher inhibitory activity against C. albicans at pH 7, 8, and 9 than at pH 5 and 6, and temperature up to

Mer partagée, part maudite. La fabrique rituelle d’un horizon maritime : mer et sacré chez les pêcheurs Imrâgen (Mauritanie

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Hélène Artaud

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La mer a longtemps été perçue pour la société maure comme un monde en marge, étranger et étrange. Seule exception notable : la relation liant les communautés imrâgen à l’espace maritime. Dans la perception imrâgen de la mer se présentent d’emblée comme enchevêtrés les mondes naturels et surnaturels. Les modalités de leur articulation procèdent toutefois de logiques que seuls distinguent et maîtrisent certains initiés, dépositaires du « secret de la mer ». Quelques familles, issues des groupes maraboutiques Bârikalla et Buhubbayni, ont ainsi réussi à asseoir leur légitimité sur la côte par l’exercice de pouvoirs supposés influencer le cours des phénomènes naturels (vents, intensité des courants, cycle de la lune ou le comportement d’espèces marines (dauphins et tortues, dont ils ont fait leurs principaux émissaires. Quelles sont la nature, l’efficacité et les limites de ce pouvoir sur la mer? Comment inscrit-il le marabout au cœur de l’écologie imrâgen, le sacré au principe de l’équilibre naturel ? C’est à ces questionnements que nous nous proposons d’apporter quelques éléments d’analyse.

Chromatin accessibility prediction via convolutional long short-term memory networks with k-mer embedding.

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Min, Xu; Zeng, Wanwen; Chen, Ning; Chen, Ting; Jiang, Rui

2017-07-15

Experimental techniques for measuring chromatin accessibility are expensive and time consuming, appealing for the development of computational approaches to predict open chromatin regions from DNA sequences. Along this direction, existing methods fall into two classes: one based on handcrafted k -mer features and the other based on convolutional neural networks. Although both categories have shown good performance in specific applications thus far, there still lacks a comprehensive framework to integrate useful k -mer co-occurrence information with recent advances in deep learning. We fill this gap by addressing the problem of chromatin accessibility prediction with a convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network with k -mer embedding. We first split DNA sequences into k -mers and pre-train k -mer embedding vectors based on the co-occurrence matrix of k -mers by using an unsupervised representation learning approach. We then construct a supervised deep learning architecture comprised of an embedding layer, three convolutional layers and a Bidirectional LSTM (BLSTM) layer for feature learning and classification. We demonstrate that our method gains high-quality fixed-length features from variable-length sequences and consistently outperforms baseline methods. We show that k -mer embedding can effectively enhance model performance by exploring different embedding strategies. We also prove the efficacy of both the convolution and the BLSTM layers by comparing two variations of the network architecture. We confirm the robustness of our model to hyper-parameters by performing sensitivity analysis. We hope our method can eventually reinforce our understanding of employing deep learning in genomic studies and shed light on research regarding mechanisms of chromatin accessibility. The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/minxueric/ismb2017_lstm . tingchen@tsinghua.edu.cn or ruijiang@tsinghua.edu.cn. Supplementary materials are available at

Molecular dynamics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) fusion heptad repeat trimers

KAUST Repository

Kandeel, Mahmoud; Al-Taher, Abdulla; Li, Huifang; Schwingenschlö gl, Udo; Alnazawi, Mohamed

2018-01-01

Structural studies related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection process are so limited. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to unravel changes in the MERS CoV heptad repeat domains (HRs

Identifying Monoclonal Antibodies that Potently Inhibit MERS-CoV | Center for Cancer Research

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The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), first isolated in September 2012, infects cells lining the human airway, causing severe flu-like symptoms that, in some cases, lead to death. As of July 2, 2014, 824 confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection, including at least 286 related deaths, have been reported to the World Health Organization. While there are currently no effective therapies against the virus, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) may be a promising candidate. Having previously developed MAbs against other viruses, including the related severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus or SARS-CoV, Dimiter Dimitrov, Ph.D., of CCR’s Laboratory of Experimental Immunology (LEI), and his colleagues decided to pan a library of antigen binding fragments (Fab) for activity against MERS-CoV.

Environmental Conditions Constrain the Distribution and Diversity of Archaeal merA in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A.

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Wang, Y.; Boyd, E.; Crane, S.; Lu-Irving, P.; Krabbenhoft, D.; King, S.; Dighton, J.; Geesey, G.; Barkay, T.

2011-01-01

The distribution and phylogeny of extant protein-encoding genes recovered from geochemically diverse environments can provide insight into the physical and chemical parameters that led to the origin and which constrained the evolution of a functional process. Mercuric reductase (MerA) plays an integral role in mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry by catalyzing the transformation of Hg(II) to Hg(0). Putative merA sequences were amplified from DNA extracts of microbial communities associated with mats and sulfur precipitates from physicochemically diverse Hg-containing springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, using four PCR primer sets that were designed to capture the known diversity of merA. The recovery of novel and deeply rooted MerA lineages from these habitats supports previous evidence that indicates merA originated in a thermophilic environment. Generalized linear models indicate that the distribution of putative archaeal merA lineages was constrained by a combination of pH, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved total mercury and sulfide. The models failed to identify statistically well supported trends for the distribution of putative bacterial merA lineages as a function of these or other measured environmental variables, suggesting that these lineages were either influenced by environmental parameters not considered in the present study, or the bacterial primer sets were designed to target too broad of a class of genes which may have responded differently to environmental stimuli. The widespread occurrence of merA in the geothermal environments implies a prominent role for Hg detoxification in these environments. Moreover, the differences in the distribution of the merA genes amplified with the four merA primer sets suggests that the organisms putatively engaged in this activity have evolved to occupy different ecological niches within the geothermal gradient. ?? 2011 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.

Environmental conditions constrain the distribution and diversity of archaeal merA in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, U.S.A.

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Wang, Yanping; Boyd, Eric; Crane, Sharron; Lu-Irving, Patricia; Krabbenhoft, David; King, Susan; Dighton, John; Geesey, Gill; Barkay, Tamar

2011-11-01

The distribution and phylogeny of extant protein-encoding genes recovered from geochemically diverse environments can provide insight into the physical and chemical parameters that led to the origin and which constrained the evolution of a functional process. Mercuric reductase (MerA) plays an integral role in mercury (Hg) biogeochemistry by catalyzing the transformation of Hg(II) to Hg(0). Putative merA sequences were amplified from DNA extracts of microbial communities associated with mats and sulfur precipitates from physicochemically diverse Hg-containing springs in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, using four PCR primer sets that were designed to capture the known diversity of merA. The recovery of novel and deeply rooted MerA lineages from these habitats supports previous evidence that indicates merA originated in a thermophilic environment. Generalized linear models indicate that the distribution of putative archaeal merA lineages was constrained by a combination of pH, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved total mercury and sulfide. The models failed to identify statistically well supported trends for the distribution of putative bacterial merA lineages as a function of these or other measured environmental variables, suggesting that these lineages were either influenced by environmental parameters not considered in the present study, or the bacterial primer sets were designed to target too broad of a class of genes which may have responded differently to environmental stimuli. The widespread occurrence of merA in the geothermal environments implies a prominent role for Hg detoxification in these environments. Moreover, the differences in the distribution of the merA genes amplified with the four merA primer sets suggests that the organisms putatively engaged in this activity have evolved to occupy different ecological niches within the geothermal gradient.

A pandemic risk assessment of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV in Saudi Arabia

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Saleh A. Eifan

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Since the initial emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV in 2012, a high incidence rate has been observed in Saudi Arabia. This suggests that the country is at continuous risk. The epidemic level of MERS-CoV infection was examined in Saudi Arabia by the Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR model using a Bayesian approach for estimation of time dependent reproduction number (R across a two-year interval (May, 2013-May, 2015 in five defined clusters, followed by sensitivity analysis of the most significant clusters. Significant MERS-CoV peaks were detected in the period between March and May of each year. Moreover, MERS-CoV infection was highlighted in western (40.8% and central (31.9% regions, followed by eastern region (20%. The temporal-based Bayesian approach indicated a sub-critical epidemic in all regions in the baseline scenario (R: 0.85–0.97. However, R potential limit was exceeded in the sensitivity analysis scenario in only central and western regions (R: 1.08–1.12 that denoted epidemic level in those regions. The impact of sporadic cases was found relatively insignificant and pinpointed to the lack of zoonotic influence on MERS-CoV transmission dynamics. The results of current study would be helpful for evaluation of future progression of MERS-CoV infections, better understanding and control interventions.

Healthcare Workers Emotions, Perceived Stressors and Coping Strategies During a MERS-CoV Outbreak.

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Khalid, Imran; Khalid, Tabindeh J; Qabajah, Mohammed R; Barnard, Aletta G; Qushmaq, Ismael A

2016-03-01

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at high risk of contracting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during an epidemic. We explored the emotions, perceived stressors, and coping strategies of healthcare workers who worked during a MERS-CoV outbreak in our hospital. A cross-sectional descriptive survey design. A tertiary care hospital. HCWs (150) who worked in high risk areas during the April-May 2014 MERS-CoV outbreak that occurred in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We developed and administered a "MERS-CoV staff questionnaire" to study participants. The questionnaire consisted of 5 sections with 72 questions. The sections evaluated hospital staffs emotions, perceived stressors, factors that reduced their stress, coping strategies, and motivators to work during future outbreaks. Responses were scored on a scale from 0-3. The varying levels of stress or effectiveness of measures were reported as mean and standard deviation, as appropriate. Completed questionnaires were returned by 117 (78%) of the participants. The results had many unique elements. HCWs ethical obligation to their profession pushed them to continue with their jobs. The main sentiments centered upon fear of personal safety and well-being of colleagues and family. Positive attitudes in the workplace, clinical improvement of infected colleagues, and stoppage of disease transmission among HCWs after adopting strict protective measures alleviated their fear and drove them through the epidemic. They appreciated recognition of their efforts by hospital management and expected similar acknowledgment, infection control guidance, and equipment would entice them to work during future epidemics. The MERS-CoV outbreak was a distressing time for our staff. Hospitals can enhance HCWs experiences during any future MERS-CoV outbreak by focusing on the above mentioned aspects. © 2016 Marshfield Clinic.

Value, market preferences and trade of Beche-de-mer from Pacific Island sea cucumbers.

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Steven W Purcell

Full Text Available Market preferences of natural resources contribute to shape their exploitation and production. Beche-de-mer, the product after gutting, cooking, salting and drying sea cucumbers, is exported worldwide to Asian dried seafood markets. A better understanding of the trade, value and market preferences of Pacific island beche-de-mer could identify critical postharvest processing techniques and management strategies for fisheries and aquaculture. Data were collected on export prices and trade of beche-de-mer from Kiribati, Fiji, Tonga and New Caledonia, and the selling prices, respective sizes and organoleptic properties of the products in stores in China. Export prices varied considerably within and among the four countries and low-value species were the most exported by volume. Most of the beche-de-mer from the four Pacific islands is exported to Hong Kong, where quality products are sold and others are distributed to mainland China. Prices of the beche-de-mer in Chinese stores varied up to ten-fold and were mostly influenced by species, body size and, to a lesser extent, physical damage to the products. Market prices across species (averaging US$15-385 kg-1 appear to have mostly increased six- to twelve-fold over the past decade. The data allude that fisheries for Holothuria scabra, H. lessoni, H. fuscogilva, H. whitmaei and Thelenota ananas should be most carefully managed because they were the highest-value species and under greatest demand. The relationships between size of beche-de-mer and sale price were species specific and highly varied. This study also highlights the need for better regulations and/or enforcement of minimum size limits in sea cucumber fisheries, which can help to maximise economic benefits of wild stocks.

A conservative region of the mercuric reductase gene (merA as a molecular marker of bacterial mercury resistance Região conservada do gene da mercúrio redutase (merA como marcador molecular da resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio

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Adriana Sotero-Martins

2008-06-01

Full Text Available The most common bacterial mercury resistance mechanism is based on the reduction of Hg(II to Hg0, which is dependent of the mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA activity. The use of a 431 bp fragment of a conservative region of the mercuric reductase (merA gene was applied as a molecular marker of this mechanism, allowing the identification of mercury resistant bacterial strains.O mecanismo de resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio mais comum é baseada na redução do Hg(II a Hg0, através da atividade da enzima mercúrio redutase (MerA. O uso do fragmento de 431 pb amplificado de uma região conservada do gene merA, que codifica a enzima MerA,foi utilizado como marcador molecular deste mecanismo, permitindo a identificação de bactérias resistentes ao mercúrio.

The prevalence of Middle East respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in livestock and temporal relation to locations and seasons.

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Kasem, Samy; Qasim, Ibrahim; Al-Doweriej, Ali; Hashim, Osman; Alkarar, Ali; Abu-Obeida, Ali; Saleh, Mohamed; Al-Hofufi, Ali; Al-Ghadier, Hussein; Hussien, Raed; Al-Sahaf, Ali; Bayoumi, Faisal; Magouz, Asmaa

2018-01-29

The Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) has been reported for the first time infecting a human being since 2012. The WHO was notified of 27 countries have reported cases of MERS, the majority of these cases occur in the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Dromedary camels are likely to be the main source of Middle East respiratory syndrome virus (MERS-CoV) infection in humans. MERS-CoV infection rates among camels in livestock markets and slaughterhouses were investigated in Saudi Arabia. A total of 698 nasal swabs were collected and examined with Rapid assay and rtRT-PCR. Ten MERS-CoV positive samples were subjected to full genomic sequencing. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the Rapid immunochromatographic assay (BioNote, South Korea) was evaluated as a diagnostic tool for MERS-CoV compared to rtRT-PCR. The results showed a high percentage of dromedaries (56.4%) had evidence for nasal MERS-CoV infection. Phylogenetic analysis of the ten MERS-CoV isolates showed that the sequences were closely related to the other MERS-CoV strains recovered from camels and human cases. Moreover, the results showed that 195 samples were positive for MERS-CoV by rapid assay compared to 394 positive samples of rtRT-PCR, which showed low rapid assay sensitivity (49.49%) while, the specificity were found to be 100%. These findings indicate that these sites are a highly-hazardous to zoonotic diseases. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates.

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Yusof, Mohammed F; Eltahir, Yassir M; Serhan, Wissam S; Hashem, Farouk M; Elsayed, Elsaeid A; Marzoug, Bahaaeldin A; Abdelazim, Assem Si; Bensalah, Oum Keltoum A; Al Muhairi, Salama S

2015-06-01

High seroprevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels has been previously reported in United Arab Emirates (UAE). However, the molecular detection of the virus has never been reported before in UAE. Of the 7,803 nasal swabs tested in the epidemiological survey, MERS-CoV nucleic acid was detected by real-time PCR in a total of 126 (1.6 %) camels. Positive camels were detected at the borders with Saudi Arabia and Oman and in camels' slaughter houses. MERS-CoV partial sequences obtained from UAE camels were clustering with human- and camel-derived MERS-CoV sequences in the same geographic area. Results provide further evidence of MERS-CoV zoonosis.

The receptor binding domain of MERS-CoV: The dawn of vaccine and treatment development

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Nan Zhou

2014-03-01

Full Text Available The newly emerged Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV is becoming another “SARS-like” threat to the world. It has an extremely high death rate (∼50% as there is no vaccine or efficient therapeutics. The identification of the structures of both the MERS-CoV receptor binding domain (RBD and its complex with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, raises the hope of alleviating this currently severe situation. In this review, we examined the molecular basis of the RBD-receptor interaction to outline why/how could we use MERS-CoV RBD to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs.

Distinct immune response in two MERS-CoV-infected patients: can we go from bench to bedside?

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Emmanuel Faure

Full Text Available One year after the occurrence of the first case of infection by the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV there is no clear consensus on the best treatment to propose. The World Health Organization, as well as several other national agencies, are still working on different clinical approaches to implement the most relevant treatment in MERS-CoV infection. We compared innate and adaptive immune responses of two patients infected with MERS-CoV to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the response and propose potential therapeutic approaches. Broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL of the first week and sera of the first month from the two patients were used in this study. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR was performed after extraction of RNA from BAL cells of MERS-CoV infected patients and control patients. BAL supernatants and sera were used to assess cytokines and chemokines secretion by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The first patient died rapidly after 3 weeks in the intensive care unit, the second patient still recovers from infection. The patient with a poor outcome (patient 1, compared to patient 2, did not promote type-1 Interferon (IFN, and particularly IFNα, in response to double stranded RNA (dsRNA from MERS-CoV. The absence of IFNα, known to promote antigen presentation in response to viruses, impairs the development of a robust antiviral adaptive Th-1 immune response. This response is mediated by IL-12 and IFNγ that decreases viral clearance; levels of both of these mediators were decreased in patient 1. Finally, we confirm previous in vitro findings that MERS-CoV can drive IL-17 production in humans. Host recognition of viral dsRNA determines outcome in the early stage of MERS-CoV infection. We highlight the critical role of IFNα in this initial stage to orchestrate a robust immune response and bring substantial arguments for the indication of early IFNα treatment during MERS-CoV infection.

Transcriptional switching by the MerR protein: Activation and repression mutants implicate distinct DNA and mercury(II) binding domains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shewchuk, L.M.; Helmann, J.D.; Ross, W.; Park, S.J.; Summers, A.O.; Walsh, C.T.

1989-01-01

Bacterial resistance to mercuric compounds is controlled by the MerR metalloregulatory protein. The MerR protein functions as both a transcriptional repressor and a mercuric ion dependent transcriptional activator. Chemical mutagenesis of the cloned merR structural gene has led to the identification of mutant proteins that are specifically deficient in transcriptional repression, activation, or both. Five mutant proteins have been overproduced, purified to homogeneity, and assayed for ability to dimerize, bind mer operator DNA, and bind mercuric ion. A mutation in the recognition helix of a proposed helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif (E22K) yields protein deficient in both activation and repression in vivo (a - r - ) and deficient in operator binding in vitro. In contrast, mutations in three of the four MerR cysteine residues are repression competent but activation deficient (a - r + ) in vivo. In vitro, the purified cysteine mutant proteins bind to the mer operator site with near wild-type affinity but are variable deficient in binding the in vivo inducer mercury(II) ion. A subset of the isolated proteins also appears compromised in their ability to form dimers at low protein concentrations. These data support a model in which DNA-bound MerR dimer binds one mercuric ion and transmits this occupancy information to a protein region involved in transcriptional activation

KGCAK: a K-mer based database for genome-wide phylogeny and complexity evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Dapeng; Xu, Jiayue; Yu, Jun

2015-09-16

The K-mer approach, treating genomic sequences as simple characters and counting the relative abundance of each string upon a fixed K, has been extensively applied to phylogeny inference for genome assembly, annotation, and comparison. To meet increasing demands for comparing large genome sequences and to promote the use of the K-mer approach, we develop a versatile database, KGCAK ( http://kgcak.big.ac.cn/KGCAK/ ), containing ~8,000 genomes that include genome sequences of diverse life forms (viruses, prokaryotes, protists, animals, and plants) and cellular organelles of eukaryotic lineages. It builds phylogeny based on genomic elements in an alignment-free fashion and provides in-depth data processing enabling users to compare the complexity of genome sequences based on K-mer distribution. We hope that KGCAK becomes a powerful tool for exploring relationship within and among groups of species in a tree of life based on genomic data.

Occurrence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) across the Gulf Corporation Council countries: Four years update.

Science.gov (United States)

Aly, Mahmoud; Elrobh, Mohamed; Alzayer, Maha; Aljuhani, Sameera; Balkhy, Hanan

2017-01-01

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections has become a global issue of dire concerns. MERS-CoV infections have been identified in many countries all over the world whereas high level occurrences have been documented in the Middle East and Korea. MERS-CoV is mainly spreading across the geographical region of the Middle East, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, while some imported sporadic cases were reported from the Europe, North America, Africa, and lately Asia. The prevalence of MERS-CoV infections across the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries still remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to report the prevalence of MERS-CoV in the GCC countries and to also elucidate on its demographics in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has reported 1,797 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection since June 2012, involving 687 deaths in 27 different countries worldwide. Within a time span of 4 years from June 2012 to July 2016, we collect samples form MERS-CoV infected individuals from National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, and Ministry of health Saudi Arabia and other GCC countries. Our data comprise a total of 1550 cases (67.1% male and 32.9% female). The age-specific prevalence and distribution of MERS-CoV was as follow: countries was as follows: Saudi Arabia (1441 cases: 93%), Kuwait (4 cases: 0.3%), Bahrain (1 case: 0.1%), Oman (8 cases: 0.5%), Qatar (16 cases: 1.0%), and United Arab Emirates (80 cases: 5.2%). Thus, MERS-CoV was found to be more prevalent in Saudi Arabia especially in Riyadh, where 756 cases (52.4%) were the worst hit area of the country identified, followed by the western region Makkah where 298 cases (20.6%) were recorded. This prevalence update indicates that the Arabian Peninsula, particularly Saudi Arabia, is the hardest hit region regarding the emerging MERS-CoV infections worldwide. GCC countries including Saudi Arabia now have the

A Comparative Study of Clinical Presentation and Risk Factors for Adverse Outcome in Patients Hospitalised with Acute Respiratory Disease Due to MERS Coronavirus or Other Causes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Musa A Garbati

Full Text Available Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS first emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and remains a global health concern. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical features and risk factors for adverse outcome in patients with RT-PCR confirmed MERS and in those with acute respiratory disease who were MERS-CoV negative, presenting to the King Fahad Medical City (KFMC in Riyadh between October 2012 and May 2014. The demographics, clinical and laboratory characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with RT-PCR confirmed MERS-CoV infection was compared with those testing negative MERS-CoV PCR. Health care workers (HCW with MERS were compared with MERS patients who were not health care workers. One hundred and fifty nine patients were eligible for inclusion. Forty eight tested positive for MERS CoV, 44 (92% being hospital acquired infections and 23 were HCW. There were 111 MERS-CoV negative patients with acute respiratory illnesses included in this study as "negative controls". Patient with confirmed MERS-CoV infection were not clinically distinguishable from those with negative MERS-CoV RT-PCR results although diarrhoea was commoner in MERS patients. A high level of suspicion in initiating laboratory tests for MERS-CoV is therefore indicated. Variables associated with adverse outcome were older age and diabetes as a co-morbid illness. Interestingly, co-morbid illnesses other than diabetes were not significantly associated with poor outcome. Health care workers with MERS had a markedly better clinical outcome compared to non HCW MERS patients.

Serological evidence of MERS-CoV antibodies in dromedary camels (camelus dromedaries) in laikipia county, Kenya

NARCIS (Netherlands)

S.L. Deem (Sharon L.); E.M. Fèvre (Eric); M. Kinnaird (Margaret); A.S. Browne (A. Springer); D. Muloi (Dishon); G-J. Godeke (Gert-Jan); M.P.G. Koopmans D.V.M. (Marion); C.B.E.M. Reusken (Chantal)

2015-01-01

textabstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a recently identified virus causing severe viral respiratory illness in people. Little is known about the reservoir in the Horn of Africa. In Kenya, where no human MERS cases have been reported, our survey of 335 dromedary

Cultivation of hard-to-culture subsurface mercury-resistant bacteria and discovery of new merA gene sequences

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, L D; Zawadsky, C; Binnerup, S J

2008-01-01

different 16S rRNA gene sequences were observed, including Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria; Actinobacteria; Firmicutes; and Bacteroidetes. The diversity of isolates obtained by direct plating included eight different 16S rRNA gene sequences (Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria). Partial...... sequencing of merA of selected isolates led to the discovery of new merA sequences. With phylum-specific merA primers, PCR products were obtained for Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria but not for Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The similarity to known sequences ranged between 89 and 95%. One...

Improvement of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine herpesvirus type 4 by using a synthetic-peptide 24-mer repeat sequence of glycoprotein G as an antigen.

Science.gov (United States)

Bannai, Hiroshi; Nemoto, Manabu; Tsujimura, Koji; Yamanaka, Takashi; Maeda, Ken; Kondo, Takashi

2016-02-01

To increase the sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) that uses a 12-mer peptide of glycoprotein G (gG4-12-mer: MKNNPIYSEGSL) [4], we used a longer peptide consisting of a 24-mer repeat sequence (gG4-24-mer: MKNNPIYSEGSLMLNVQHDDSIHT) as an antigen. Sera of horses experimentally infected with EHV-4 reacted much more strongly to the gG4-24-mer peptide than to the gG4-12-mer peptide. We used peptide ELISAs to test paired sera from horses naturally infected with EHV-4 (n=40). gG4-24-mer ELISA detected 37 positive samples (92.5%), whereas gG4-12-mer ELISA detected only 28 (70.0%). gG4-24-mer ELISA was much more sensitive than gG4-12-mer ELISA.

DIE RECHTSPOSITION DER EHRLICHEN UND UNEHRLICHEN BESITZER IN BEZUG AUF EIGENTÜMER

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jadranko Jug

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den Problemen, die mit der rechtlichen Stellung ehrlicher und unehrlicher Besitzer im Verhältnis zum Eigentümer verbunden sind, d.h. sie analysiert die Rechte des Besitzers und die Forderungen, welche der Besitzer vom Eigentümer verlangen kann, damit der Besitzer sein Besitz abgibt. Im Gegensatz dazu werden die Rechte und Anforderungen des Eigentümers in Bezug auf ehrliche und unehrliche Besitzer analysiert. In der Praxis entstehen Dilemmas, wie die wesentlichen und vorteilhaften Ausgaben des ehrlichen Besitzers bestimmt werden, welche Voraussetzungen es sind und bis zu welchen Zeitpunkt das Zurückbehaltungsrecht für die Vergütung dieser Ausgaben ausgeübt werden kann, wann die Verjährungsfrist anfängt und von welcher Bedeutung die Bestimmungen des Zivilverfahrensgesetzes in Bezug auf die ungerechte Anreicherung, die Geschäftsführung ohne Anordnung oder das Zurückbehaltungsrecht sind und welche Bestimmungen diese und ähnliche Fragen regeln. Die Antworten auf einige von diesen Dilemmas sind in der Rechtsprechung vorgelegt, weshalb die Analyse und Forschung der Rechtsprechung, insbesondere Entscheidungen des Obersten Gerichtshofs der Republik Kroatien, die grundlegende Methode dieser Arbeit ist. In der Einführung bietet diese Artikel die grundlegenden Merkmale des Begriffs des Besitzens und des Eigentumsbesitzes und die Art und Qualität des Besitzes an, um eine Grundlage für die anschließende Analyse der Rechtsposition des Eigentumsbesitzers in Bezug auf den Eigentümer zu schaffen.

Cross host transmission in the emergence of MERS coronavirus

NARCIS (Netherlands)

C.B.E.M. Reusken (Chantal); V.S. Raj (Stalin); M.P.G. Koopmans D.V.M. (Marion); B.L. Haagmans (Bart)

2016-01-01

textabstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) able to infect humans emerge through cross-host transmission from animals. There is substantial evidence that the recent Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV outbreak is fueled by zoonotic transmission from dromedary camels. This is largely based on the fact

Preliminary analysis of the MER magnetic properties experiment using a computational fluid dynamics model

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kinch, K.M.; Merrison, J.P.; Gunnlaugsson, H.P.

2006-01-01

Motivated by questions raised by the magnetic properties experiments on the NASA Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions, we have studied in detail the capture of airborne magnetic dust by permanent magnets using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model supported by laboratory...... simulations. The magnets studied are identical to the capture magnet and filter magnet on MER, though results are more generally applicable. The dust capture process is found to be dependent upon wind speed, dust magnetization, dust grain size and dust grain mass density. Here we develop an understanding...... of how these parameters affect dust capture rates and patterns on the magnets and set bounds for these parameters based on MER data and results from the numerical model. This results in a consistent picture of the dust as containing varying amounts of at least two separate components with different...

Improvement of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for equine herpesvirus type 4 by using a synthetic-peptide 24-mer repeat sequence of glycoprotein G as an antigen

Science.gov (United States)

BANNAI, Hiroshi; NEMOTO, Manabu; TSUJIMURA, Koji; YAMANAKA, Takashi; MAEDA, Ken; KONDO, Takashi

2015-01-01

To increase the sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for equine herpesvirus type 4 (EHV-4) that uses a 12-mer peptide of glycoprotein G (gG4-12-mer: MKNNPIYSEGSL) [4], we used a longer peptide consisting of a 24-mer repeat sequence (gG4-24-mer: MKNNPIYSEGSLMLNVQHDDSIHT) as an antigen. Sera of horses experimentally infected with EHV-4 reacted much more strongly to the gG4-24-mer peptide than to the gG4-12-mer peptide. We used peptide ELISAs to test paired sera from horses naturally infected with EHV-4 (n=40). gG4-24-mer ELISA detected 37 positive samples (92.5%), whereas gG4-12-mer ELISA detected only 28 (70.0%). gG4-24-mer ELISA was much more sensitive than gG4-12-mer ELISA. PMID:26424485

K-mer Content, Correlation, and Position Analysis of Genome DNA Sequences for the Identification of Function and Evolutionary Features

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aaron Sievers

2017-04-01

Full Text Available In genome analysis, k-mer-based comparison methods have become standard tools. However, even though they are able to deliver reliable results, other algorithms seem to work better in some cases. To improve k-mer-based DNA sequence analysis and comparison, we successfully checked whether adding positional resolution is beneficial for finding and/or comparing interesting organizational structures. A simple but efficient algorithm for extracting and saving local k-mer spectra (frequency distribution of k-mers was developed and used. The results were analyzed by including positional information based on visualizations as genomic maps and by applying basic vector correlation methods. This analysis was concentrated on small word lengths (1 ≤ k ≤ 4 on relatively small viral genomes of Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae, while also checking its usability for larger sequences, namely human chromosome 2 and the homologous chromosomes (2A, 2B of a chimpanzee. Using this alignment-free analysis, several regions with specific characteristics in Papillomaviridae and Herpesviridae formerly identified by independent, mostly alignment-based methods, were confirmed. Correlations between the k-mer content and several genes in these genomes have been found, showing similarities between classified and unclassified viruses, which may be potentially useful for further taxonomic research. Furthermore, unknown k-mer correlations in the genomes of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs, which are probably of major biological function, are found and described. Using the chromosomes of a chimpanzee and human that are currently known, identities between the species on every analyzed chromosome were reproduced. This demonstrates the feasibility of our approach for large data sets of complex genomes. Based on these results, we suggest k-mer analysis with positional resolution as a method for closing a gap between the effectiveness of alignment-based methods (like NCBI BLAST and the

21 CFR 177.1040 - Acrylonitrile/styrene copoly-mer.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 3 2010-04-01 2009-04-01 true Acrylonitrile/styrene copoly-mer. 177.1040 Section 177.1040 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS Substances for Use as Basic Components of Single and Repeated Use Food...

Influenza not MERS CoV among returning Hajj and Umrah pilgrims with respiratory illness, Kashmir, north India, 2014-15.

Science.gov (United States)

Koul, Parvaiz A; Mir, Hyder; Saha, Siddhartha; Chadha, Mandeep S; Potdar, Varsha; Widdowson, Marc-Alain; Lal, Renu B; Krishnan, Anand

The increasing reports of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) from many countries emphasize its importance for international travel. Muslim pilgrimages of Hajj and Umrah involve mass gatherings of international travellers. We set out to assess the presence of influenza and MERS-CoV in Hajj/Umrah returnees with acute respiratory infection. . Disembarking passengers (n = 8753) from Saudi Arabia (October 2014 to April 2015) were interviewed for the presence of respiratory symptoms; 977 (11%) reported symptoms and 300 (age 26-90, median 60 years; 140 male) consented to participate in the study. After recording clinical and demographic data, twin swabs (nasopharyngeal and throat) were collected from each participant, pooled in viral transport media and tested by real-time RT PCR for MERS-CoV and influenza A and B viruses and their subtypes. The participants had symptoms of 1-15 days (median 5d); cough (90%) and nasal discharge (86%) being the commonest. None of the 300 participants tested positive for MERS-CoV; however, 33 (11%) tested positive for influenza viruses (A/H3N2 = 13, A/H1N1pdm09 = 9 and B/Yamagata = 11). Eighteen patients received oseltamivir. No hospitalizations were needed and all had uneventful recovery. Despite a high prevalence of acute respiratory symptoms, MERS coV was not seen in returning pilgrims from Hajj and Umrah. However detection of flu emphasises preventive strategies like vaccination. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of residues on human receptor DPP4 critical for MERS-CoV binding and entry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Song, Wenfei [Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Wang, Ying [Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Wang, Nianshuang; Wang, Dongli [Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Guo, Jianying; Fu, Lili [Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China); Shi, Xuanling, E-mail: shixuanlingsk@tsinghua.edu.cn [Comprehensive AIDS Research Center, Research Center for Public Health, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

2014-12-15

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infects host cells through binding the receptor binding domain (RBD) on its spike glycoprotein to human receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (hDPP4). Here, we report identification of critical residues on hDPP4 for RBD binding and virus entry through analysis of a panel of hDPP4 mutants. Based on the RBD–hDPP4 crystal structure we reported, the mutated residues were located at the interface between RBD and hDPP4, which potentially changed the polarity, hydrophobic or hydrophilic properties of hDPP4, thereby interfering or disrupting their interaction with RBD. Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding analysis and pseudovirus infection assay, we showed that several residues in hDPP4–RBD binding interface were important on hDPP4–RBD binding and viral entry. These results provide atomic insights into the features of interactions between hDPP4 and MERS-CoV RBD, and also provide potential explanation for cellular and species tropism of MERS-CoV infection. - Highlights: • It has been demonstrated that MERS-CoV infects host cells through binding its envelope spike (S) glycoprotein to the host cellular receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). • To identify the critical residues on hDPP4 for RBD binding and virus entry, we constructed a panel of hDPP4 mutants based on structure-guided mutagenesis. • Using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding analysis and pseudovirus infection assay, we showed that several residues on hDPP4 had significant impacts on virus/receptor interactions and viral entry. • Our study has provided new insights into the features of interactions between hDPP4 and MERS-CoV RBD, and provides potential explanation for cellular and species tropism of MERS-CoV infection.

Characterization of novel monoclonal antibodies against the MERS-coronavirus spike protein and their application in species-independent antibody detection by competitive ELISA.

Science.gov (United States)

Fukushi, Shuetsu; Fukuma, Aiko; Kurosu, Takeshi; Watanabe, Shumpei; Shimojima, Masayuki; Shirato, Kazuya; Iwata-Yoshikawa, Naoko; Nagata, Noriyo; Ohnishi, Kazuo; Ato, Manabu; Melaku, Simenew Keskes; Sentsui, Hiroshi; Saijo, Masayuki

2018-01-01

Since discovering the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) as a causative agent of severe respiratory illness in the Middle East in 2012, serological testing has been conducted to assess antibody responses in patients and to investigate the zoonotic reservoir of the virus. Although the virus neutralization test is the gold standard assay for MERS diagnosis and for investigating the zoonotic reservoir, it uses live virus and so must be performed in high containment laboratories. Competitive ELISA (cELISA), in which a labeled monoclonal antibody (MAb) competes with test serum antibodies for target epitopes, may be a suitable alternative because it detects antibodies in a species-independent manner. In this study, novel MAbs against the spike protein of MERS-CoV were produced and characterized. One of these MAbs was used to develop a cELISA. The cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in sera from MERS-CoV-infected rats and rabbits immunized with the spike protein of MERS-CoV. The MAb-based cELISA was validated using sera from Ethiopian dromedary camels. Relative to the neutralization test, the cELISA detected MERS-CoV-specific antibodies in 66 Ethiopian dromedary camels with a sensitivity and specificity of 98% and 100%, respectively. The cELISA and neutralization test results correlated well (Pearson's correlation coefficients=0.71-0.76, depending on the cELISA serum dilution). This cELISA may be useful for MERS epidemiological investigations on MERS-CoV infection. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Occurrence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV across the Gulf Corporation Council countries: Four years update.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahmoud Aly

Full Text Available The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV infections has become a global issue of dire concerns. MERS-CoV infections have been identified in many countries all over the world whereas high level occurrences have been documented in the Middle East and Korea. MERS-CoV is mainly spreading across the geographical region of the Middle East, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, while some imported sporadic cases were reported from the Europe, North America, Africa, and lately Asia. The prevalence of MERS-CoV infections across the Gulf Corporation Council (GCC countries still remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to report the prevalence of MERS-CoV in the GCC countries and to also elucidate on its demographics in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO has reported 1,797 laboratory-confirmed cases of MERS-CoV infection since June 2012, involving 687 deaths in 27 different countries worldwide. Within a time span of 4 years from June 2012 to July 2016, we collect samples form MERS-CoV infected individuals from National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, and Ministry of health Saudi Arabia and other GCC countries. Our data comprise a total of 1550 cases (67.1% male and 32.9% female. The age-specific prevalence and distribution of MERS-CoV was as follow: <20 yrs (36 cases: 3.28%, 20-39 yrs (331 cases: 30.15%, 40-59 yrs (314 cases: 28.60%, and the highest-risk elderly group aged ≥60 yrs (417 cases: 37.98%. The case distribution among GCC countries was as follows: Saudi Arabia (1441 cases: 93%, Kuwait (4 cases: 0.3%, Bahrain (1 case: 0.1%, Oman (8 cases: 0.5%, Qatar (16 cases: 1.0%, and United Arab Emirates (80 cases: 5.2%. Thus, MERS-CoV was found to be more prevalent in Saudi Arabia especially in Riyadh, where 756 cases (52.4% were the worst hit area of the country identified, followed by the western region Makkah where 298 cases (20.6% were recorded. This prevalence update

Differential expression of the MERS-coronavirus receptor in the upper respiratory tract of humans and dromedary camels

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Widagdo, W; Raj, V Stalin; Schipper, Debby; Kolijn, Kimberley; van Leenders, Geert J L H; Bosch, Berend J; Bensaid, Albert; Segalés, Joaquim; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang; Osterhaus, Albert D M E; Koopmans, Marion P; van den Brand, Judith M A; Haagmans, Bart L

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is not efficiently transmitted between humans, but it is highly prevalent in dromedary camels. Here we report that the MERS-CoV receptor - dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) - is expressed in the upper respiratory tract epithelium of camels but not

MER 1 MARS NAVCAM 3 RADIOMETRIC RDR SCI V1.0

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — This data set contains radiometrically calibrated MER-1 Navcam data. The calibration has removed bias, dark current, and flatfield effects from the raw Navcam data,...

The Constitutional Review Chamber of the Republic of Estonia : 3-4-1-5-01 decision of 3 March 2001 : review of the petition of Saare County Court to declare clause 25 (1) of Procedure for Privatisation of Land by Auction invalid

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2001-01-01

Riigikohtu lahendi 3-4-1-5-01 (Saare Maakohtu taotlus kontrollida Vabariigi Valitsuse 06. 11. 96. a. määrusega nr. 268 kinnitatud "Maa enampakkumisega erastamise korra" p. 25.1 vastavus seadusele ja põhiseadusele) tekst inglise keeles

MERS-CoV at the Animal-Human interface: inputs on exposure pathways from an Expert-Opinion elicitation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Funk

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Nearly four years after the first report of the emergence of Middle-East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV and nearly 1800 human cases later, the ecology of MERS-CoV, its epidemiology, and risk factors of MERS-CoV transmission between camels are poorly understood. Knowledge about the pathways and mechanisms of transmission from animals to humans is limited; as of yet, transmission risks have not been quantified. Moreover the divergent sanitary situations and exposures to animals among populations in the Arabian Peninsula, where human primary cases appear to dominate, vs. other regions in the Middle East and Africa, with no reported human clinical cases and where the virus has been detected only in dromedaries, represents huge scientific and health challenges. Here, we have used expert opinion elicitation in order to obtain ideas on relative importance of MERS-CoV risk factors and estimates of transmission risks from various types of contact between humans and dromedaries. Fourteen (14 experts with diverse and extensive experience in MERS-CoV relevant fields were enrolled and completed an online questionnaire that examined pathways based on several scenarios e.g. camels-camels, camels-human, bats/other species to camels/humans and the role of diverse biological substances (milk, urine etc. and potential fomites.Experts believed that dromedary camels play the largest role in MERS-CoV infection of other dromedaries; however, they also indicated a significant influence of the season (i.e. calving or weaning periods on transmission risk. All experts thought that MERS-CoV infected dromedaries and asymptomatic humans play the most important role in infection of humans, with bats and other species presenting a possible, but yet undefined, risk. Direct and indirect contact of humans with dromedary camels were identified as the most risky types of contact, when compared to consumption of various camel products, with estimated 'most

Endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling regulate prostate cancer stem cells in bone marrow.

Science.gov (United States)

Jung, Younghun; Decker, Ann M; Wang, Jingcheng; Lee, Eunsohl; Kana, Lulia A; Yumoto, Kenji; Cackowski, Frank C; Rhee, James; Carmeliet, Peter; Buttitta, Laura; Morgan, Todd M; Taichman, Russell S

2016-05-03

GAS6 and its receptors (Tryo 3, Axl, Mer or "TAM") are known to play a role in regulating tumor progression in a number of settings. Previously we have demonstrated that GAS6 signaling regulates invasion, proliferation, chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. We have also demonstrated that GAS6 secreted from osteoblasts in the bone marrow environment plays a critical role in establishing prostate tumor cell dormancy. Here we investigated the role that endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling plays in establishing prostate cancer stem cells in the bone marrow microenvironment.We first observed that high levels of endogenous GAS6 are expressed by disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow, whereas relatively low levels of endogenous GAS6 are expressed in PCa tumors grown in a s.c. Interestingly, elevated levels of endogenous GAS6 were identified in putative cancer stem cells (CSCs, CD133+/CD44+) compared to non-CSCs (CD133-/CD44-) isolated from PCa/osteoblast cocultures in vitro and in DTCs isolated from the bone marrow 24 hours after intracardiac injection. Moreover, we found that endogenous GAS6 expression is associated with Mer receptor expression in growth arrested (G1) PCa cells, which correlates with the increase of the CSC populations. Importantly, we found that overexpression of GAS6 activates phosphorylation of Mer receptor signaling and subsequent induction of the CSC phenotype in vitro and in vivo.Together these data suggest that endogenous GAS6 and Mer receptor signaling contribute to the establishment of PCa CSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment, which may have important implications for targeting metastatic disease.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours of Healthcare Workers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS Coronavirus and Other Emerging Infectious Diseases

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Abdullah J. Alsahafi

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Background: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has experienced a prolonged outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS coronavirus since 2012. Healthcare workers (HCWs form a significant risk group for infection. Objectives: The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, infection control practices and educational needs of HCWs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to MERS coronavirus and other emerging infectious diseases. Methods: 1500 of HCWs from Saudi Ministry of Health were invited to fill a questionnaire developed to cover the survey objectives from 9 September 2015 to 8 November 2015. The response rate was about 81%. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the responses. Results: 1216 HCWs were included in this survey. A total of 56.5% were nurses and 22% were physicians. The most common sources of MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV information were the Ministry of Health (MOH memo (74.3%. Only (47.6% of the physicians, (30.4% of the nurses and (29.9% of the other HCWs were aware that asymptomatic MERS-CoV was described. Around half of respondents who having been investigated for MERS-CoV reported that their work performance decreased while they have suspicion of having MERS-CoV and almost two thirds reported having psychological problems during this period. Almost two thirds of the HCWs (61.2% reported anxiety about contracting MERS-CoV from patients. Conclusions: The knowledge about emerging infectious diseases was poor and there is need for further education and training programs particularly in the use of personal protective equipment, isolation and infection control measures. The self-reported infection control practices were sub-optimal and seem to be overestimated.

Adaptive evolution influences the infectious dose of MERS-CoV necessary to achieve severe respiratory disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Douglas, Madeline G; Kocher, Jacob F; Scobey, Trevor; Baric, Ralph S; Cockrell, Adam S

2018-04-01

We recently established a mouse model (288-330 +/+ ) that developed acute respiratory disease resembling human pathology following infection with a high dose (5 × 10 6 PFU) of mouse-adapted MERS-CoV (icMERSma1). Although this high dose conferred fatal respiratory disease in mice, achieving similar pathology at lower viral doses may more closely reflect naturally acquired infections. Through continued adaptive evolution of icMERSma1 we generated a novel mouse-adapted MERS-CoV (maM35c4) capable of achieving severe respiratory disease at doses between 10 3 and 10 5 PFU. Novel mutations were identified in the maM35c4 genome that may be responsible for eliciting etiologies of acute respiratory distress syndrome at 10-1000 fold lower viral doses. Importantly, comparative genetics of the two mouse-adapted MERS strains allowed us to identify specific mutations that remained fixed through an additional 20 cycles of adaptive evolution. Our data indicate that the extent of MERS-CoV adaptation determines the minimal infectious dose required to achieve severe respiratory disease. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MERS-CoV and H5N1 influenza virus antagonize antigen presentation by altering the epigenetic landscape

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Menachery, Vineet D.; Schafer, Alexandra; Burnum-Johnson, Kristin E.; Mitchell, Hugh D.; Eisfeld-Fenney, Amie J.; Walters, Kevin B.; Nicora, Carrie D.; Purvine, Samuel O.; Casey, Cameron P.; Monroe, Matthew E.; Weitz, Karl K.; Stratton, Kelly G.; Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Gralinski, Lisa; Metz, Thomas O.; Smith, Richard D.; Waters, Katrina M.; Sims, Amy C.; Kawaoka, Yoshihiro; Baric, Ralph

2018-01-16

Convergent evolution dictates that diverse groups of viruses will target both similar and distinct host pathways in order to manipulate the immune response and improve infection. In this study, we sought to leverage this uneven viral antagonism to identify critical host factors that govern disease outcome. Utilizing a systems based approach, we examined differential regulation of IFNγ dependent genes following infection with highly pathogenic viruses including influenza (H5N1-VN1203, H1N1-CA04) and coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). Categorizing by function, we observed down regulation of genes associated with antigen presentation following both H5N1-VN1203 and MERS-CoV infection. Further examination revealed global down regulation of antigen presentation genes and was confirmed by proteomics for both H5N1-VN1203 and MERS-CoV infection. Importantly, epigenetic analysis suggested that DNA methylation rather than histone modification plays a crucial role in MERS-CoV mediated antagonism of antigen presentation genes; in contrast, H5N1-VN1203 likely utilizes a combination of epigenetic mechanisms to target antigen presentation. Together, the results indicate a common approach utilized by H5N1-VN1203 and MERS-CoV to modulate antigen presentation and the host adaptive immune response.

Vaccines for emerging infectious diseases: Lessons from MERS coronavirus and Zika virus.

Science.gov (United States)

Maslow, Joel N

2017-12-02

The past decade and a half has been characterized by numerous emerging infectious diseases. With each new threat, there has been a call for rapid vaccine development. Pathogens such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the Zika virus represent either new viral entities or viruses emergent in new geographic locales and characterized by novel complications. Both serve as paradigms for the global spread that can accompany new pathogens. In this paper, we review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and Zika virus with respect to vaccine development. The challenges in vaccine development and the approach to clinical trial design to test vaccine candidates for disease entities with a changing epidemiology are discussed.

The trans influence in mer-trichloronitridobis(triphenylarsine)ruthenium(VI)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Magnussen, Magnus; Bendix, Jesper

2003-01-01

The title compound, mer-[RuCl(3)N(C(18)H(15)As)(2)], is the first structurally characterized example of a nitride complex in which ruthenium is six-coordinated to monodentate ligands only. The Ru[triple-bond]N bond length [1.6161 (15) A] is relatively long, and the trans influence of the nitride...

Fac–mer equilibria of coordinated iminodiacetate (ida ) in ternary Cu ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Unknown

Keywords. Fac–mer equilibria; CuII-iminodiacetate-imidazole/benzimidazole ternary complexes; stability constants. 1. Introduction. Mixed ligand complexes of transition metal ions with amino acids, peptides or their derivatives or analogues, and heterocyclic N-bases can serve as model compounds of bioinorganic interests ...

Passivity Based Nonlinear Attitude Control of the Rømer Satellite

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Quottrup, Michael Melholt; Krogh-Sørensen, J.; Wisniewski, Rafal

2001-01-01

This paper suggests nonlinear attitude control of the Danish satellite Rømer. This satellite will be designed to fulfil two scientific objectives: The observation of stellar oscillations and the detection and localisation of gamma-ray bursts. The satellite will be equipped with a tetrahedron...

Detection of specific IgA antibodies against a novel deamidated 8-Mer gliadin peptide in blood plasma samples from celiac patients.

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Sara Vallejo-Diez

Full Text Available We studied whether celiac disease (CD patients produce antibodies against a novel gliadin peptide specifically generated in the duodenum of CD patients by a previously described pattern of CD-specific duodenal proteases. Fingerprinting and ion-trap mass spectrometry of CD-specific duodenal gliadin-degrading protease pattern revealed a new 8-mer gliadin-derived peptide. An ELISA against synthetic deamidated 8-mer peptides (DGP 8-mer was used to study the presence of IgA anti-DGP 8-mer antibodies in plasma samples from 81 children (31 active CD patients (aCD, 17 CD patients on a gluten-free diet (GFD, 10 healthy controls (C and 23 patients with other gastrointestinal pathology (GP and 101 adults (16 aCD, 12 GFD, 27 C and 46 GP-patients. Deamidation of the 8-mer peptide significantly increased the reactivity of the IgA antibodies from CD patients against the peptide. Significant IgA anti-DGP 8-mer antibodies levels were detected in 93.5% of aCD-, 11.8% of GFD- and 4.3% of GP-patients in children. In adults, antibodies were detected in 81.3% of aCD-patients and 8.3% of GFD-patients while were absent in 100% of C- and GP-patients. Duodenal CD-specific gliadin degrading proteases release an 8-mer gliadin peptide that once deamidated is an antigen for specific IgA antibodies in CD patients which may provide a new accurate diagnostic tool in CD.

Isolation, identification and PCR amplification of merA gene from ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mercury resistant Escherichia coli strains have been isolated from different mercury polluted sites of India and their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) levels were determined. The zone of inhibition was measured to find the antibiotic sensitivity level. The location of mer operon was determined by transforming the ...

Thermophysical properties of the MER and Beagle II landing site regions on Mars

Science.gov (United States)

Jakosky, Bruce M.; Hynek, Brian M.; Pelkey, Shannon M.; Mellon, Michael T.; Martínez-Alonso, Sara; Putzig, Nathaniel E.; Murphy, Nate; Christensen, Philip R.

2006-08-01

We analyzed remote-sensing observations of the Isidis Basin, Gusev Crater, and Meridiani Planum landing sites for Beagle II, MER-A Spirit, and MER-B Opportunity spacecraft, respectively. We emphasized the thermophysical properties using daytime and nighttime radiance measurements from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer and Mars Odyssey Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) and thermal inertias derived from nighttime data sets. THEMIS visible images, MGS Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) narrow-angle images, and MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data are incorporated as well. Additionally, the remote-sensing data were compared with ground-truth at the MER sites. The Isidis Basin surface layer has been shaped by aeolian processes and erosion by slope winds coming off of the southern highlands and funneling through notches between massifs. In the Gusev region, surface materials of contrasting thermophysical properties have been interpreted as rocks or bedrock, duricrust, and dust deposits; these are consistent with a complex geological history dominated by volcanic and aeolian processes. At Meridiani Planum the many layers having different thermophysical and erosional properties suggest periodic deposition of differing sedimentological facies possibly related to clast size, grain orientation and packing, or mineralogy.

Vaccines for emerging infectious diseases: Lessons from MERS coronavirus and Zika virus

Science.gov (United States)

Maslow, Joel N.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The past decade and a half has been characterized by numerous emerging infectious diseases. With each new threat, there has been a call for rapid vaccine development. Pathogens such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the Zika virus represent either new viral entities or viruses emergent in new geographic locales and characterized by novel complications. Both serve as paradigms for the global spread that can accompany new pathogens. In this paper, we review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of MERS-CoV and Zika virus with respect to vaccine development. The challenges in vaccine development and the approach to clinical trial design to test vaccine candidates for disease entities with a changing epidemiology are discussed. PMID:28846484

A multi-faceted approach of a nursing led education in response to MERS-CoV infection

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Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Background: The emergence of the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV resulted in multiple healthcare associated outbreaks. In response, we developed a nurse-led program to screen and triage patients with MERS-CoV infection. Methods: A formal educational program was implemented to ensure a standardized approach to care planning and delivery. The essential skills that were included were the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE including gown, gloves, head cover and N95 mask, hand hygiene, the practice of donning and doffing and the collection of MERS-CoV nasopharyngeal specimens. Results: A core group of nurses were identified from high-risk units. The education program consisted of four skill-days. Nurses were assigned a pre-course work from Mosby’s Nursing Skills, an online skill module, donning and doffing of PPE, and the process for obtaining a nasopharyngeal swab. The skill lab incorporated multiple methods such group discussion, watching an on-line video, and a simulated demonstration and practice on a mannequin. In total, 450 nurses attended the Nasopharyngeal Skills Day and 1000 nurses received training. Donning and doffing PPE and N95 mask fit testing has become an annual mandatory competency requirement for staff in nursing and clinical services. Conclusion: The application of specified protocols minimizes the risks of cross infection, placing emphasis on patient and staff safety as well as expediting the patient to definitive treatment. Nurse educators have an instrumental role in training nurses and other healthcare providers on the specifics needed to identify, contain and manage patient presenting with MERS-CoV. Keywords: Coronavirus, Education, MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome, Saudi Arabia, Outbreak preparedness, Hospital care

Renewable energies in the French DOM-TOM : a study of the costs and benefits of transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energies in the French Départements d’Outre Mer et Territoires d’Outre Mer

OpenAIRE

Stanley-Smith, Adam P.

2010-01-01

The French Départements d’Outre Mer et Territoires d’Outre Mer (DOM-TOM) are not the most populous region of France. Nor are they the most prosperous, the most important, or even centers of industrial production. Rather, the DOM-TOM possessions have a unique value in French culture: they represent the past glory of the state and its people, and the courage that lead French explorers and settlers to roam the world. Unfortunately, the DOM-TOM represents an ever growing burden upon...

Healthcare worker exposure to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV: Revision of screening strategies urgently needed

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Hala Amer

2018-06-01

Conclusions: The data obtained in this study support the widespread testing of all close contacts of MERS-CoV cases, regardless of the significance of the contact or presence or absence of symptoms. In addition, urgent careful review of guidance regarding the return of asymptomatic MERS-CoV-positive HCWs under investigation to active duty is needed.

Merónimos de la gastronomía costarricense: Limón y Valle Central

OpenAIRE

Leoni de León, Jorge Antonio; Barahona Gamboa, Hazel

2016-01-01

Resumen La definición de un platillo culinario implica la descripción de sus partes, dentro de las cuales podemos incluir los ingredientes; por ejemplo, la carne es parte de un estofado. En este sentido, los ingredientes son merónimos y, además, pueden ser objeto de una clasificación según el proceso al que están sometidos en la receta; es decir, si son mezclados, hervidos, horneados, polvoreados, cortados, etc. Así, nos avocamos a establecer y clasificar los merónimos, según estos criterios,...

No MERS-CoV but positive influenza viruses in returning Hajj pilgrims, China, 2013–2015

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Xuezheng Ma

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background There is global health concern that the mass movement of pilgrims to and from Mecca annually could contribute to the international spread of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV. In China, about 11,000 Muslim pilgrims participate in the Hajj gathering in Mecca annually. This is the first report of MERS-CoV and respiratory virus molecular screening of returning pilgrims at points of entry in China from 2013 to 2015. Methods and results A total of 847 returning Hajj pilgrims participated in this study. The test results indicated that of the travelers, 34 tested positive for influenza A virus, 14 for influenza B virus, 4 for metapneumo virus, 2 for respiratory syncytial virus, and 3 for human coronavirus. There was a significant difference in the rates of positive and negative influenza virus tests between Hajj pilgrims with symptoms and those without. The detection rates of influenza virus were not significantly different among the three years studied, at 5.3, 6.0 and 6.3% for 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. Discussion and conclusion The MERS-CoV and respiratory viruses detection results at points of entry in China from 2013 to 2015 indicated that there were no MERS-CoV infection but a 5.7% positive influenza viruses in returning Chinese pilgrims.

Effect of disorder correlation in random mers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brezini, A.; Sebbani, M.; Depollier, C.; Belbachir, M.

1995-12-01

A widely held view in solid-state physics is that disorder precludes the presence of long-range transport in one-dimension. Recently a series of models has been proposed that do not conform to this view such as the well known Random Dimer Model (RDM). In the following paper, we must present a generalization of the RDM. In particular, the nature of the eigenstates of a non-interacting electron is investigated by means of a popular one-dimensional Kronig-Penney Hamiltonian in which n-mers have been placed at random on a regular lattice. Mainly in each allowed energy band of the spectrum, it is found that n-mers exhibits n - 1 resonances associated to extended states. Moreover these resonances appear to be narrower if the potential is attractive against repulsive, i.e. constituted of wells instead barriers, which discriminates the ability in localizing the eigenstates. Attention has been paid to the energy transition as one approaches the two resonances of the random trimer within the first allowed band. The transition exhibits a smooth behaviour for the lower energy when compared to the higher one with respect to the first resonance and shows quite a similar behaviour for both sides close to the second resonance. The discrepancy is attributed to the typical nature of the eigenstates for each resonance. Correspondingly, the wave functions associated to the first resonance are not like Bloch-waves while for the second one they look like the crystal wave functions displaying only minor distortions. (author). 44 refs, 6 figs

Overview of preparedness and response for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Oman.

Science.gov (United States)

Al-Abaidani, I S; Al-Maani, A S; Al-Kindi, H S; Al-Jardani, A K; Abdel-Hady, D M; Zayed, B E; Al-Harthy, K S; Al-Shaqsi, K H; Al-Abri, S S

2014-12-01

Several countries in the Middle East and around 22 countries worldwide have reported cases of human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The exceptionally high fatality rate resulting from MERS-CoV infection in conjunction with the paucity of knowledge about this emerging virus has led to major public and international concern. Within the framework of the national acute respiratory illness surveillance, the Ministry of Health in the Sultanate of Oman has announced two confirmed cases of MERS-CoV to date. The aim of this report is to describe the epidemiological aspects of these two cases and to highlight the importance of public health preparedness and response. The absence of secondary cases among contacts of the reported cases can be seen as evidence of the effectiveness of infection prevention and control precautions as an important pillar of the national preparedness and response plan applied in the health care institutions in Oman. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Overview of preparedness and response for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV in Oman

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I.S. Al-Abaidani

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Several countries in the Middle East and around 22 countries worldwide have reported cases of human infection with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV. The exceptionally high fatality rate resulting from MERS-CoV infection in conjunction with the paucity of knowledge about this emerging virus has led to major public and international concern. Within the framework of the national acute respiratory illness surveillance, the Ministry of Health in the Sultanate of Oman has announced two confirmed cases of MERS-CoV to date. The aim of this report is to describe the epidemiological aspects of these two cases and to highlight the importance of public health preparedness and response. The absence of secondary cases among contacts of the reported cases can be seen as evidence of the effectiveness of infection prevention and control precautions as an important pillar of the national preparedness and response plan applied in the health care institutions in Oman.

Caractéristiques biologiques de la truite de mer (Salmo trutta L. au Nord de l'Espagne, dans deux rivières des Asturies

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TOLEDO Ma Del Mar

1993-07-01

Full Text Available Une première caractérisation des truites de mer des rivières du Nord de l'Espagne (Asturies est réalisée à partir de l'analyse de la structure de taille et d'âge, ainsi que celle de l'alimentation et des paramètres reproducteurs des poissons adultes. Les truites proviennent des captures réalisées à la ligne (de juin à août sur les rivières Cares et Narcea et par pêche électrique sur les zones de frayères du Narcea durant la saison de reproduction (novembre à janvier. Les truites de mer échantillonnées durant la saison de pêche ont une structure d'âge semblable sur les deux cours d'eau. Environ 85% des individus sont restés deux ans en eau douce avant de descendre en mer, et plus de 95% d'entre eux appartiennent aux classes d'âge de mer 0 + et 1 + . L'importance relative des poissons de 0 + de mer (finnock est légèrement plus élevée dans le Cares (68% que dans le Narcea (51 %. Le rapport des sexes est en faveur des femelles, quelle que soit la classe d'âge de mer. La structure d'âge marin des truites capturées en période de reproduction ne diffère pas de celle observée durant la saison de pêche, bien que montrant une haute proportion de 0 + de mer (32% de l'ensemble des poissons matures. Le taux de maturation chez les truites de 0 + de mer est particulièrement élevé ( 81% parmi les femelles et 100% chez les mâles et tous les individus des autres classes d'âge de mer sont matures. Le nombre d'oeufs (de 571 à 2086 oeufs par femelle et l'index gonadosomatique sont positivement corrélés à la taille et à l'âge de mer des femelles. La truite de mer se nourrit activement en eau douce durant la remontée estivale, puisque 81 % des estomacs examinés étaient pleins. Elle consomme principalement des Epheméroptères, des Diptères et des Trichoptères, mais son alimentation inclut également des proies d'origine terrestre, essentiellement des Arthropodes.

Enhanced inflammation in New Zealand white rabbits when MERS-CoV reinfection occurs in the absence of neutralizing antibody.

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Katherine V Houser

2017-08-01

Full Text Available The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV is a zoonotic betacoronavirus that was first detected in humans in 2012 as a cause of severe acute respiratory disease. As of July 28, 2017, there have been 2,040 confirmed cases with 712 reported deaths. While many infections have been fatal, there have also been a large number of mild or asymptomatic cases discovered through monitoring and contact tracing. New Zealand white rabbits are a possible model for asymptomatic infection with MERS-CoV. In order to discover more about non-lethal infections and to learn whether a single infection with MERS-CoV would protect against reinfection, we inoculated rabbits with MERS-CoV and monitored the antibody and inflammatory response. Following intranasal infection, rabbits developed a transient dose-dependent pulmonary infection with moderately high levels of viral RNA, viral antigen, and perivascular inflammation in multiple lung lobes that was not associated with clinical signs. The rabbits developed antibodies against viral proteins that lacked neutralizing activity and the animals were not protected from reinfection. In fact, reinfection resulted in enhanced pulmonary inflammation, without an associated increase in viral RNA titers. Interestingly, passive transfer of serum from previously infected rabbits to naïve rabbits was associated with enhanced inflammation upon infection. We further found this inflammation was accompanied by increased recruitment of complement proteins compared to primary infection. However, reinfection elicited neutralizing antibodies that protected rabbits from subsequent viral challenge. Our data from the rabbit model suggests that people exposed to MERS-CoV who fail to develop a neutralizing antibody response, or persons whose neutralizing antibody titers have waned, may be at risk for severe lung disease on re-exposure to MERS-CoV.

A camel-derived MERS-CoV with a variant spike protein cleavage site and distinct fusion activation properties

Science.gov (United States)

Millet, Jean Kaoru; Goldstein, Monty E; Labitt, Rachael N; Hsu, Hung-Lun; Daniel, Susan; Whittaker, Gary R

2016-01-01

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) continues to circulate in both humans and camels, and the origin and evolution of the virus remain unclear. Here we characterize the spike protein of a camel-derived MERS-CoV (NRCE-HKU205) identified in 2013, early in the MERS outbreak. NRCE-HKU205 spike protein has a variant cleavage motif with regard to the S2′ fusion activation site—notably, a novel substitution of isoleucine for the otherwise invariant serine at the critical P1′ cleavage site position. The substitutions resulted in a loss of furin-mediated cleavage, as shown by fluorogenic peptide cleavage and western blot assays. Cell–cell fusion and pseudotyped virus infectivity assays demonstrated that the S2′ substitutions decreased spike-mediated fusion and viral entry. However, cathepsin and trypsin-like protease activation were retained, albeit with much reduced efficiency compared with the prototypical EMC/2012 human strain. We show that NRCE-HKU205 has more limited fusion activation properties possibly resulting in more restricted viral tropism and may represent an intermediate in the complex pattern of MERS-CoV ecology and evolution. PMID:27999426

From Prime to Extended Mission: Evolution of the MER Tactical Uplink Process

Science.gov (United States)

Mishkin, Andrew H.; Laubach, Sharon

2006-01-01

To support a 90-day surface mission for two robotic rovers, the Mars Exploration Rover mission designed and implemented an intensive tactical operations process, enabling daily commanding of each rover. Using a combination of new processes, custom software tools, a Mars-time staffing schedule, and seven-day-a-week operations, the MER team was able to compress the traditional weeks-long command-turnaround for a deep space robotic mission to about 18 hours. However, the pace of this process was never intended to be continued indefinitely. Even before the end of the three-month prime mission, MER operations began evolving towards greater sustainability. A combination of continued software tool development, increasing team experience, and availability of reusable sequences first reduced the mean process duration to approximately 11 hours. The number of workshifts required to perform the process dropped, and the team returned to a modified 'Earth-time' schedule. Additional process and tool adaptation eventually provided the option of planning multiple Martian days of activity within a single workshift, making 5-day-a-week operations possible. The vast majority of the science team returned to their home institutions, continuing to participate fully in the tactical operations process remotely. MER has continued to operate for over two Earth-years as many of its key personnel have moved on to other projects, the operations team and budget have shrunk, and the rovers have begun to exhibit symptoms of aging.

Cutoffs and k-mers: implications from a transcriptome study in allopolyploid plants

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Gruenheit Nicole

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Transcriptome analysis is increasingly being used to study the evolutionary origins and ecology of non-model plants. One issue for both transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analyses is the common occurrence in plants of hybridisation and whole genome duplication (WGD and hybridization resulting in allopolyploidy. The divergence of duplicated genes following WGD creates near identical homeologues that can be problematic for de novo assembly and also reference based assembly protocols that use short reads (35 - 100 bp. Results Here we report a successful strategy for the assembly of two transcriptomes made using 75 bp Illumina reads from Pachycladon fastigiatum and Pachycladon cheesemanii. Both are allopolyploid plant species (2n = 20 that originated in the New Zealand Alps about 0.8 million years ago. In a systematic analysis of 19 different coverage cutoffs and 20 different k-mer sizes we showed that i none of the genes could be assembled across all of the parameter space ii assembly of each gene required an optimal set of parameter values and iii these parameter values could be explained in part by different gene expression levels and different degrees of similarity between genes. Conclusions To obtain optimal transcriptome assemblies for allopolyploid plants, k-mer size and k-mer coverage need to be considered simultaneously across a broad parameter space. This is important for assembling a maximum number of full length ESTs and for avoiding chimeric assemblies of homeologous and paralogous gene copies.

Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Alaa Badawi

2016-08-01

Full Text Available The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV is associated with life-threatening severe illnesses and a mortality rate of approximately 35%, particularly in patients with underlying comorbidities. A systematic analysis of 637 MERS-CoV cases suggests that diabetes and hypertension are equally prevalent in approximately 50% of the patients. Cardiac diseases are present in 30% and obesity in 16% of the cases. These conditions down-regulate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and impair the host's innate and humoral immune systems. In conclusion, protection against MERS-CoV and other respiratory infections can be improved if public health vaccination strategies are tailored to target persons with chronic disorders.

Estimation of basic reproduction number of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) during the outbreak in South Korea, 2015.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Hyuk-Jun

2017-06-13

In South Korea, an outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) occurred in 2015. It was the second largest MERS outbreak. As a result of the outbreak in South Korea, 186 infections were reported, and 36 patients died. At least 16,693 people were isolated with suspicious symptoms. This paper estimates the basic reproduction number of the MERS coronavirus (CoV), using data on the spread of MERS in South Korea. The basic reproduction number of an epidemic is defined as the average number of secondary cases that an infected subject produces over its infectious period in a susceptible and uninfected population. To estimate the basic reproduction number of the MERS-CoV, we employ data from the 2015 South Korea MERS outbreak and the susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model, a mathematical model that uses a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We fit the model to the epidemic data of the South Korea outbreak minimizing the sum of the squared errors to identify model parameters. Also we derive the basic reproductive number as the terms of the parameters of the SIR model. Then we determine the basic reproduction number of the MERS-CoV in South Korea in 2015 as 8.0977. It is worth comparing with the basic reproductive number of the 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa including Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia, which had values of 1.5-2.5. There was no intervention to control the infection in the early phase of the outbreak, thus the data used here provide the best conditions to evaluate the epidemic characteristics of MERS, such as the basic reproduction number. An evaluation of basic reproduction number using epidemic data could be problematic if there are stochastic fluctuations in the early phase of the outbreak, or if the report is not accurate and there is bias in the data. Such problems are not relevant to this study because the data used here were precisely reported and verified by Korea Hospital Association.

Estimation des caractéristiques biologiques des truites de mer adultes (Salmo trutta du Rhin supérieur

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OMBREDANE D.

1998-07-01

Full Text Available L'analyse des longueurs totales et des écailles d'un échantillon de 120 truites de mer adultes capturées essentiellement par pêche à l'électricité dans le Rhin supérieur (700 km de la mer du Nord de 1989 à 1996 a permis de caractériser la population de cette ressource piscicole en voie de restauration. L'utilisation des Captures Par Unité d'Effort (CPUE, calculées pour les pêches de 1994 à 1996, permet d'appréhender le rythme de migration et d'améliorer l'estimation des caractéristiques générales de la population. Dans cette partie du Rhin, la migration anadrome de la truite de mer se déroule en deux pics successifs de juin à décembre, les individus les plus âgés arrivant les premiers. La population est caractérisée par une très forte prédominance des groupes d'âge de mer 1 + (49,2 % et 2+ (45,8 %, soit un Age Moyen de Mer (AMM de 1,54 an. L'Age Moyen de Smoltification (AMS et de première Reproduction (AMR sont estimés respectivement à 1,30 an et 1,39 an. Par ailleurs, il est constaté que l'âge marin de première maturité des adultes du Rhin augmente quand leur âge de smoltification diminue. Les résultats sont discutés en fonction de la méthodologie employée et comparés à ceux obtenus sur d'autres populations françaises et plus nordiques. Il ressort que les caractéristiques de la population de truite de mer du Rhin traduisent bien la position latitudinale mais aussi l'importance de ce réseau hydrographique.

High proportion of MERS-CoV shedding dromedaries at slaughterhouse with a potential epidemiological link to human cases, Qatar 2014

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Elmoubasher A. B. A. Farag

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Two of the earliest Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS cases were men who had visited the Doha central animal market and adjoining slaughterhouse in Qatar. We show that a high proportion of camels presenting for slaughter in Qatar show evidence for nasal MERS-CoV shedding (62/105. Sequence analysis showed the circulation of at least five different virus strains at these premises, suggesting that this location is a driver of MERS-CoV circulation and a high-risk area for human exposure. No correlation between RNA loads and levels of neutralizing antibodies was observed, suggesting limited immune protection and potential for reinfection despite previous exposure.

Overexpression of a bacterial mercury transporter MerT in Arabidopsis enhances mercury tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Sheng; Sun, Bin; Wang, Rong; He, Jia; Xia, Bing; Xue, Yong; Wang, Ren

2017-08-19

The phytoremediation by using of green plants in the removal of environmental pollutant is an environment friendly, green technology that is cost effective and energetically inexpensive. By using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing mercuric transport protein gene (merT) from Pseudomonas alcaligenes. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, overexpressing PamerT in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to HgCl 2 . Further results showed that the enhanced total activities or corresponding transcripts of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) were observed in transgenic Arabidopsis under HgCl 2 stress. These results were confirmed by the alleviation of oxidative damage, as indicated by the decrease of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) contents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In addition, localization analysis of PaMerT in Arabidopsis protoplast showed that it is likely to be associated with vacuole. In all, PamerT increased mercury (Hg) tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, and decreased production of Hg-induced ROS, thereby protecting plants from oxidative damage. The present study has provided further evidence that bacterial MerT plays an important role in the plant tolerance to HgCl 2 and in reducing the production of ROS induced by HgCl 2 . Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Novel chimeric virus-like particles vaccine displaying MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain induce specific humoral and cellular immune response in mice.

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Wang, Chong; Zheng, Xuexing; Gai, Weiwei; Wong, Gary; Wang, Hualei; Jin, Hongli; Feng, Na; Zhao, Yongkun; Zhang, Weijiao; Li, Nan; Zhao, Guoxing; Li, Junfu; Yan, Jinghua; Gao, Yuwei; Hu, Guixue; Yang, Songtao; Xia, Xianzhu

2017-04-01

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has continued spreading since its emergence in 2012 with a mortality rate of 35.6%, and is a potential pandemic threat. Prophylactics and therapies are urgently needed to address this public health problem. We report here the efficacy of a vaccine consisting of chimeric virus-like particles (VLP) expressing the receptor binding domain (RBD) of MERS-CoV. In this study, a fusion of the canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 structural protein gene with the RBD of MERS-CoV can self-assemble into chimeric, spherical VLP (sVLP). sVLP retained certain parvovirus characteristics, such as the ability to agglutinate pig erythrocytes, and structural morphology similar to CPV virions. Immunization with sVLP induced RBD-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in mice. sVLP-specific antisera from these animals were able to prevent pseudotyped MERS-CoV entry into susceptible cells, with neutralizing antibody titers reaching 1: 320. IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-2 secreting cells induced by the RBD were detected in the splenocytes of vaccinated mice by ELISpot. Furthermore, mice inoculated with sVLP or an adjuvanted sVLP vaccine elicited T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 2 (Th2) cell-mediated immunity. Our study demonstrates that sVLP displaying the RBD of MERS-CoV are promising prophylactic candidates against MERS-CoV in a potential outbreak situation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of comorbidities in the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Badawi, Alaa; Ryoo, Seung Gwan

2016-08-01

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with life-threatening severe illnesses and a mortality rate of approximately 35%, particularly in patients with underlying comorbidities. A systematic analysis of 637 MERS-CoV cases suggests that diabetes and hypertension are equally prevalent in approximately 50% of the patients. Cardiac diseases are present in 30% and obesity in 16% of the cases. These conditions down-regulate the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and impair the host's innate and humoral immune systems. In conclusion, protection against MERS-CoV and other respiratory infections can be improved if public health vaccination strategies are tailored to target persons with chronic disorders. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reliable typing of MERS-CoV variants with a small genome fragment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

S.L. Smits (Saskia); V.S. Raj (Stalin); S.D. Pas (Suzan); C.B.E.M. Reusken (Chantal); K.A. Mohran (Khaled A.); E. Farag (Elmoubasher); H.E. Al Romaihi (Hamad); M.M. AlHajri (Mohd); B.L. Haagmans (Bart); M.P.G. Koopmans D.V.M. (Marion)

2015-01-01

textabstractBackground: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (. MERS-CoV) is an emerging pathogen that causes lower respiratory tract infection in humans. Camels are the likely animal source for zoonotic infection, although exact transmission modes remain to be determined. Human-to-human

Antibodies against MERS coronavirus in dromedaries, United Arab Emirates, 2003 and 2013

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meyer, Benjamin; Müller, Marcel A.; Corman, Victor M.; Reusken, Chantal B E M; Ritz, Daniel; Godeke, Gert Jan; Lattwein, Erik; Kallies, Stephan; Siemens, Artem; van Beek, Janko; Drexler, Jan F.; Muth, Doreen; Bosch, Berend Jan; Wernery, Ulrich; Koopmans, Marion P G; Wernery, Renate; Drosten, Christian

2014-01-01

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has caused an ongoing outbreak of severe acute respiratory tract infection in humans in the Arabian Peninsula since 2012. Dromedary camels have been implicated as possible viral reservoirs. We used serologic assays to analyze 651 dromedary

The clinical and virological features of the first imported case causing MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea, 2015.

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Lee, Ji Yeon; Kim, You-Jin; Chung, Eun Hee; Kim, Dae-Won; Jeong, Ina; Kim, Yeonjae; Yun, Mi-Ran; Kim, Sung Soon; Kim, Gayeon; Joh, Joon-Sung

2017-07-14

In 2015, the largest outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection outside the Middle East occurred in South Korea. We summarized the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory findings of the first Korean case of MERS-CoV and analyzed whole-genome sequences of MERS-CoV derived from the patient. A 68-year-old man developed fever and myalgia 7 days after returning to Korea, following a 10-day trip to the Middle East. Before diagnosis, he visited 4 hospitals, potentially resulting in secondary transmission to 28 patients. On admission to the National Medical Center (day 9, post-onset of clinical illness), he presented with drowsiness, hypoxia, and multiple patchy infiltrations on the chest radiograph. He was intubated (day 12) because of progressive acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and INF-α2a and ribavirin treatment was commenced. The treatment course was prolonged by superimposed ventilator associated pneumonia. MERS-CoV PCR results converted to negative from day 47 and the patient was discharged (day 137), following rehabilitation therapy. The complete genome sequence obtained from a sputum sample (taken on day 11) showed the highest sequence similarity (99.59%) with the virus from an outbreak in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in February 2015. The first case of MERS-CoV infection had high transmissibility and was associated with a severe clinical course. The patient made a successful recovery after early treatment with antiviral agents and adequate supportive care. This first case in South Korea became a super-spreader because of improper infection control measures, rather than variations of the virus.

Sero-prevalence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) specific antibodies in Dromedary Camels in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.

Science.gov (United States)

Harrath, Rafik; Duhier, Faisel M Abu

2018-04-16

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel Coronavirus which was responsible of the first case of human acute respiratory syndrome in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), 2012. Dromedary camels are considered as potential reservoirs for the virus and seem to be the only animal host which may transmit the infection to human. Further studies are required to better understand the animal sources of zoonotic transmission route and the risks of this infection. A primary sero-prevalence study of MERS-CoV preexisting neutralizing antibodies in Dromedary camel serum was conducted in Tabuk, western north region of KSA, in order to assess the seopositivity of these animals and to explain their possible role in the transmission of the infection to Human. One hundred seventy one (171) serum samples were collected from healthy dromedary camels with different ages and genders in Tabuk city and tested for specific serum IgG by ELISA using the receptor-binding S1 subunits of spike proteins of MERS-CoV. 144 (84,21%) of the total camel sera shown the presence of protein-specific antibodies against MERS-CoV. These results may provide evidence that MERS-CoV has previously infected dromedary camels in Tabuk and may support the possible role of camels in the human infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The TAM-family receptor Mer mediates production of HGF through the RhoA-dependent pathway in response to apoptotic cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Hyun-Jung; Baen, Ji-Yeon; Lee, Ye-Ji; Choi, Youn-Hee; Kang, Jihee Lee

2012-08-01

The TAM receptor protein tyrosine kinases Tyro3, Axl, and Mer play important roles in macrophage function. We investigated the roles of the TAM receptors in mediating the induction of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) during the interaction of macrophages with apoptotic cells. Mer-specific neutralizing antibody, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and a recombinant Mer protein (Mer/Fc) inhibited HGF mRNA and protein expression, as well as activation of RhoA, Akt, and specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in response to apoptotic cells. Inhibition of Axl or Tyro3 with specific antibodies, siRNA, or Fc-fusion proteins did not prevent apoptotic cell-induced HGF mRNA and protein expression and did not inhibit activation of the postreceptor signaling molecules RhoA and certain MAP kinases, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase. However, Axl- and Tyro3-specific blockers did inhibit the activation of Akt and p38 MAP kinase in response to apoptotic cells. In addition, none of the TAM receptors mediated the effects of apoptotic cells on transforming growth factor-β or epidermal growth factor mRNA expression. However, they were involved in the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA expression. Our data provide evidence that when macrophages interact with apoptotic cells, only Mer of the TAM-family receptors is responsible for mediating transcriptional HGF production through a RhoA-dependent pathway.

Observations on the Morphology, Pollination and Cultivation of Coco de Mer (Lodoicea maldivica (J F Gmel. Pers., Palmae

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Stephen Blackmore

2012-01-01

Full Text Available We present a range of observations on the reproductive morphology, pollination biology and cultivation of Lodoicea maldivica (coco de mer, an endangered species with great ecological, economic and cultural importance. We review the history of study of this charismatic species. Morphological studies of the male inflorescence indicate its importance as a year-round food source to the Seychelles fauna. In situ observations suggest a number of potential biotic and abiotic pollination mechanisms including bees, flies, slugs, and geckos; trigonid bees are identified as the most likely potential natural pollinator. We outline a successful programme for ex situ pollination, germination, and cultivation of the coco de mer, highlighting the importance of temperature, humidity and light levels as well as maintaining an undisturbed environment. In combination with continued protection and monitoring, this advice may aid the future in situ and ex situ conservation of the coco de mer.

Cross-sectional surveillance of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels and other mammals in Egypt, August 2015 to January 2016.

Science.gov (United States)

Ali, Mohamed; El-Shesheny, Rabeh; Kandeil, Ahmed; Shehata, Mahmoud; Elsokary, Basma; Gomaa, Mokhtar; Hassan, Naglaa; El Sayed, Ahmed; El-Taweel, Ahmed; Sobhy, Heba; Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo; Dauphin, Gwenaelle; El Masry, Ihab; Wolde, Abebe Wossene; Daszak, Peter; Miller, Maureen; VonDobschuetz, Sophie; Morzaria, Subhash; Lubroth, Juan; Makonnen, Yilma Jobre

2017-03-16

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt to determine the prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in imported and resident camels and bats, as well as to assess possible transmission of the virus to domestic ruminants and equines. A total of 1,031 sera, 1,078 nasal swabs, 13 rectal swabs, and 38 milk samples were collected from 1,078 camels in different types of sites. In addition, 145 domestic animals and 109 bats were sampled. Overall, of 1,031 serologically-tested camels, 871 (84.5%) had MERS-CoV neutralising antibodies. Seroprevalence was significantly higher in imported (614/692; 88.7%) than resident camels (257/339; 5.8%) (p MERS-CoV seroprevalence (p MERS-CoV antibodies except one sheep sample which showed a 1:640 titre. Of 1,078 camels, 41 (3.8%) were positive for MERS-CoV genetic material. Sequences obtained were not found to cluster with clade A or B MERS-CoV sequences and were genetically diverse. The presence of neutralising antibodies in one sheep apparently in contact with seropositive camels calls for further studies on domestic animals in contact with camels. This article is copyright of The Authors, 2017.

The effects of downwelling radiance on MER surface spectra: the evil that atmospheres do

Science.gov (United States)

Wolff, M.; Ghosh, A.; Arvidson, R.; Christensen, P.; Guinness, E.; Ruff, S.; Seelos, F.; Smith, M.; Athena Science

2004-11-01

While it may not be surprising to some that downwelling radiation in the martian atmosphere may contribute a non-negligible fraction of the radiance for a given surface scene, others remain shocked and surprised (and often dismayed) to discover this fact; particularly with regard to mini-TES observations. Naturally, the relative amplitude of this sky ``contamination'' is often a complicated function of meteorological conditions, viewing geometry, surface properties, and (for the IR) surface temperature. Ideally, one would use a specialized observations to mimic the actual hemispherical-directional nature of the problem. Despite repeated attempts to obtain Pancam complete sky observations and mini-TES sky octants, such observations are not available in the MER observational database. As a result, one is left with the less-enviable, though certainly more computationally intensive, task of connecting point observations (radiance and derived meteorological parameters) to a hemispherical integral of downwelling radiance. Naturally, one must turn to a radiative transfer analysis, despite oft-repeated attempts to assert otherwise. In our presentation, we offer insight into the conditions under which one must worry about atmospheric removal, as well as semi-empirical approaches (based upon said radiative transfer efforts) for producing the correction factors from the available MER atmospheric observations. This work is proudly supported by the MER program through NASA/JPL Contract No. 1242889 (MJW), as well as the contracts for the co-authors.

USING LANDSAT IMAGES AND GIS TO ASSESS THE CHANGES OF MER DE GLACE AND MARMOLADA GLACIERS, IN THE LAST THREE DECADES

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M. M. NISTOR

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Using Landsat Images and GIS to Assess the Changes of Mer de Glace and Marmolada Glaciers, in the Last Three Decades. We have demonstrated that Mer de Glace Glacier (GL and Marmolada GL are in continuous retreat. The changes in size and status of terminus points were estimated in various time intervals by satellite images (SIs and Geographic Information Systems (GIS techniques, during the last three decades. The aim of the research was to found the value of the ice melting areas of Mer de Glace GL and Marmolada GL and to calculate the decline rate for both GLs. A large number of GLs have lost ice mass all over the world. Often glaciologists monitor the GLs movements under climate changes and they express their opinions about the ocean level rise, ecosystem challenges and the future implications of GLs decline. The analysed information to quantify the Mer de Glace GL and Marmolada GL areas derived from SIs. By manual vectorization we obtained the outlines of GLs in different years. For 1984, 1999, 2013 we defined the limits for Mer de Glace GL and for 1986, 1999, 2013 we defined the limits for Marmolada GL. These vector layers were compared in order to observe the melting area and to establish the withdrawal rate. The first results indicate that Mer de Glace GL area declined by 2.365 km² between 1984 and 2013 and a mean melting rate of 0.082 km²/year was obtained. Marmolada GL decreased by 1.035 km² between 1986 and 2013 and a mean melting rate of 0.038 km²/year was calculated. We believe that these results represent significant quantitative data about GLs movements regarding two different areas in the Alps Range and may provide knowledge for hydrology, geomorphology and environmental sciences.

The effects of sampling on the efficiency and accuracy of k-mer indexes: Theoretical and empirical comparisons using the human genome.

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Almutairy, Meznah; Torng, Eric

2017-01-01

One of the most common ways to search a sequence database for sequences that are similar to a query sequence is to use a k-mer index such as BLAST. A big problem with k-mer indexes is the space required to store the lists of all occurrences of all k-mers in the database. One method for reducing the space needed, and also query time, is sampling where only some k-mer occurrences are stored. Most previous work uses hard sampling, in which enough k-mer occurrences are retained so that all similar sequences are guaranteed to be found. In contrast, we study soft sampling, which further reduces the number of stored k-mer occurrences at a cost of decreasing query accuracy. We focus on finding highly similar local alignments (HSLA) over nucleotide sequences, an operation that is fundamental to biological applications such as cDNA sequence mapping. For our comparison, we use the NCBI BLAST tool with the human genome and human ESTs. When identifying HSLAs, we find that soft sampling significantly reduces both index size and query time with relatively small losses in query accuracy. For the human genome and HSLAs of length at least 100 bp, soft sampling reduces index size 4-10 times more than hard sampling and processes queries 2.3-6.8 times faster, while still achieving retention rates of at least 96.6%. When we apply soft sampling to the problem of mapping ESTs against the genome, we map more than 98% of ESTs perfectly while reducing the index size by a factor of 4 and query time by 23.3%. These results demonstrate that soft sampling is a simple but effective strategy for performing efficient searches for HSLAs. We also provide a new model for sampling with BLAST that predicts empirical retention rates with reasonable accuracy by modeling two key problem factors.

Effect of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) on placental low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation in baboons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Henson, M.C.; Babischkin, J.S.; Pepe, G.J.; Albrecht, E.D.

1988-01-01

The present study determined if the decline in placental progesterone (P4) production that results from administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) to pregnant baboons results from a change in placental low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and/or degradation. Pregnant baboons (Papio anubis) were untreated (n = 10) or received MER-25 (25 mg/kg BW, orally; n = 10) daily on days 140-170 of gestation (term, 184 days). Placentas were removed by cesarean section on day 170 of gestation, and villous tissue was dispersed with 0.1% collagenase at 37 C for 40 min. Placental cells (10(6)) were incubated in medium 199 (pH 7.2) for 12 h at 37 C with increasing amounts (5-100 micrograms) of [125I]LDL, with or without a 100-fold excess of unlabeled baboon LDL. Mean (+/- SE) peripheral serum P4 concentrations on days 140-170 of gestation were 51% lower (P less than 0.01) in MER-25-treated (5.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) than in untreated (11.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) baboons. The uptake of LDL was 56% lower (P less than 0.01) in placental cells from antiestrogen-treated (6.3 +/- 1.6 ng/micrograms cell protein) than in those from untreated (14.4 +/- 1.9 ng/micrograms cell protein) baboons. The dissociation constants for placental LDL uptake, as assessed by Scatchard analysis, however, were similar in untreated (0.80 microgram/ml) and MER-25-treated (0.76 microgram/ml) animals. The amount of [125I]LDL concomitantly degraded by cells from baboons that received MER-25 was 54% of that degraded by cells from untreated controls. The relative decline in LDL degradation by cells of antiestrogen-treated baboons was proportionate to the decline in overall LDL uptake. The results indicate, therefore, that antiestrogen treatment decreased the amount of placental LDL uptake, but did not change the affinity for the lipoprotein

Effect of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) on placental low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation in baboons

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Henson, M.C.; Babischkin, J.S.; Pepe, G.J.; Albrecht, E.D.

1988-05-01

The present study determined if the decline in placental progesterone (P4) production that results from administration of the antiestrogen ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) to pregnant baboons results from a change in placental low density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake and/or degradation. Pregnant baboons (Papio anubis) were untreated (n = 10) or received MER-25 (25 mg/kg BW, orally; n = 10) daily on days 140-170 of gestation (term, 184 days). Placentas were removed by cesarean section on day 170 of gestation, and villous tissue was dispersed with 0.1% collagenase at 37 C for 40 min. Placental cells (10(6)) were incubated in medium 199 (pH 7.2) for 12 h at 37 C with increasing amounts (5-100 micrograms) of (125I)LDL, with or without a 100-fold excess of unlabeled baboon LDL. Mean (+/- SE) peripheral serum P4 concentrations on days 140-170 of gestation were 51% lower (P less than 0.01) in MER-25-treated (5.7 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) than in untreated (11.6 +/- 0.5 ng/ml) baboons. The uptake of LDL was 56% lower (P less than 0.01) in placental cells from antiestrogen-treated (6.3 +/- 1.6 ng/micrograms cell protein) than in those from untreated (14.4 +/- 1.9 ng/micrograms cell protein) baboons. The dissociation constants for placental LDL uptake, as assessed by Scatchard analysis, however, were similar in untreated (0.80 microgram/ml) and MER-25-treated (0.76 microgram/ml) animals. The amount of (125I)LDL concomitantly degraded by cells from baboons that received MER-25 was 54% of that degraded by cells from untreated controls. The relative decline in LDL degradation by cells of antiestrogen-treated baboons was proportionate to the decline in overall LDL uptake. The results indicate, therefore, that antiestrogen treatment decreased the amount of placental LDL uptake, but did not change the affinity for the lipoprotein.

Real-time sequence-validated loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for detection of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV.

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Sanchita Bhadra

Full Text Available The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV, an emerging human coronavirus, causes severe acute respiratory illness with a 35% mortality rate. In light of the recent surge in reported infections we have developed asymmetric five-primer reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP assays for detection of MERS-CoV. Isothermal amplification assays will facilitate the development of portable point-of-care diagnostics that are crucial for management of emerging infections. The RT-LAMP assays are designed to amplify MERS-CoV genomic loci located within the open reading frame (ORF1a and ORF1b genes and upstream of the E gene. Additionally we applied one-step strand displacement probes (OSD for real-time sequence-specific verification of LAMP amplicons. Asymmetric amplification effected by incorporating a single loop primer in each assay accelerated the time-to-result of the OSD-RT-LAMP assays. The resulting assays could detect 0.02 to 0.2 plaque forming units (PFU (5 to 50 PFU/ml of MERS-CoV in infected cell culture supernatants within 30 to 50 min and did not cross-react with common human respiratory pathogens.

MERS-CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus: Can radiology be of help? Initial single center experience

OpenAIRE

Hamimi, Ahmed

2016-01-01

Human infection with a novel coronavirus named Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was first identified in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East in September, 2012. The aim of this study was to establish the most pathognomonic radiological sign(s) to diagnose MERS CoV. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study. All patients were subjected to serial X-ray. High resolution non-contrast CT chest was also obtained for 10 patients. The scans were reviewed fo...

Computational modeling of the bat HKU4 coronavirus 3CLpro inhibitors as a tool for the development of antivirals against the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus.

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Abuhammad, Areej; Al-Aqtash, Rua'a A; Anson, Brandon J; Mesecar, Andrew D; Taha, Mutasem O

2017-11-01

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging virus that poses a major challenge to clinical management. The 3C-like protease (3CL pro ) is essential for viral replication and thus represents a potential target for antiviral drug development. Presently, very few data are available on MERS-CoV 3CL pro inhibition by small molecules. We conducted extensive exploration of the pharmacophoric space of a recently identified set of peptidomimetic inhibitors of the bat HKU4-CoV 3CL pro . HKU4-CoV 3CL pro shares high sequence identity (81%) with the MERS-CoV enzyme and thus represents a potential surrogate model for anti-MERS drug discovery. We used 2 well-established methods: Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)-guided modeling and docking-based comparative intermolecular contacts analysis. The established pharmacophore models highlight structural features needed for ligand recognition and revealed important binding-pocket regions involved in 3CL pro -ligand interactions. The best models were used as 3D queries to screen the National Cancer Institute database for novel nonpeptidomimetic 3CL pro inhibitors. The identified hits were tested for HKU4-CoV and MERS-CoV 3CL pro inhibition. Two hits, which share the phenylsulfonamide fragment, showed moderate inhibitory activity against the MERS-CoV 3CL pro and represent a potential starting point for the development of novel anti-MERS agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pharmacophore modeling study supported by in vitro validation on the MERS-CoV 3CL pro . MERS-CoV is an emerging virus that is closely related to the bat HKU4-CoV. 3CL pro is a potential drug target for coronavirus infection. HKU4-CoV 3CL pro is a useful surrogate model for the identification of MERS-CoV 3CL pro enzyme inhibitors. dbCICA is a very robust modeling method for hit identification. The phenylsulfonamide scaffold represents a potential starting point for MERS coronavirus 3CL pro inhibitors

Structural and Biochemical Characterization of a Copper-Binding Mutant of the Organomercurial Lyase MerB: Insight into the Key Role of the Active Site Aspartic Acid in Hg-Carbon Bond Cleavage and Metal Binding Specificity.

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Wahba, Haytham M; Lecoq, Lauriane; Stevenson, Michael; Mansour, Ahmed; Cappadocia, Laurent; Lafrance-Vanasse, Julien; Wilkinson, Kevin J; Sygusch, Jurgen; Wilcox, Dean E; Omichinski, James G

2016-02-23

In bacterial resistance to mercury, the organomercurial lyase (MerB) plays a key role in the detoxification pathway through its ability to cleave Hg-carbon bonds. Two cysteines (C96 and C159; Escherichia coli MerB numbering) and an aspartic acid (D99) have been identified as the key catalytic residues, and these three residues are conserved in all but four known MerB variants, where the aspartic acid is replaced with a serine. To understand the role of the active site serine, we characterized the structure and metal binding properties of an E. coli MerB mutant with a serine substituted for D99 (MerB D99S) as well as one of the native MerB variants containing a serine residue in the active site (Bacillus megaterium MerB2). Surprisingly, the MerB D99S protein copurified with a bound metal that was determined to be Cu(II) from UV-vis absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron paramagnetic resonance studies. X-ray structural studies revealed that the Cu(II) is bound to the active site cysteine residues of MerB D99S, but that it is displaced following the addition of either an organomercurial substrate or an ionic mercury product. In contrast, the B. megaterium MerB2 protein does not copurify with copper, but the structure of the B. megaterium MerB2-Hg complex is highly similar to the structure of the MerB D99S-Hg complexes. These results demonstrate that the active site aspartic acid is crucial for both the enzymatic activity and metal binding specificity of MerB proteins and suggest a possible functional relationship between MerB and its only known structural homologue, the copper-binding protein NosL.

Influence of defects on the effective electrical conductivity of a monolayer produced by random sequential adsorption of linear k-mers onto a square lattice

Science.gov (United States)

Tarasevich, Yuri Yu.; Laptev, Valeri V.; Goltseva, Valeria A.; Lebovka, Nikolai I.

2017-07-01

The effect of defects on the behaviour of electrical conductivity, σ, in a monolayer produced by the random sequential adsorption of linear k-mers (particles occupying k adjacent sites) onto a square lattice is studied by means of a Monte Carlo simulation. The k-mers are deposited on the substrate until a jamming state is reached. The presence of defects in the lattice (impurities) and of defects in the k-mers with concentrations of dl and dk, respectively, is assumed. The defects in the lattice are distributed randomly before deposition and these lattice sites are forbidden for the deposition of k-mers. The defects of the k-mers are distributed randomly on the deposited k-mers. The sites filled with k-mers have high electrical conductivity, σk, whereas the empty sites, and the sites filled by either types of defect have a low electrical conductivity, σl, i.e., a high-contrast, σk /σl ≫ 1, is assumed. We examined isotropic (both the possible x and y orientations of a particle are equiprobable) and anisotropic (all particles are aligned along one given direction, y) deposition. To calculate the effective electrical conductivity, the monolayer was presented as a random resistor network and the Frank-Lobb algorithm was used. The effects of the concentrations of defects dl and dk on the electrical conductivity for the values of k =2n, where n = 1 , 2 , … , 5, were studied. Increase of both the dl and dk parameters values resulted in decreases in the value of σ and the suppression of percolation. Moreover, for anisotropic deposition the electrical conductivity along the y direction was noticeably larger than in the perpendicular direction, x. Phase diagrams in the (dl ,dk)-plane for different values of k were obtained.

Small RNA analysis in Petunia hybrida identifies unusual tissue-specific expression patterns of conserved miRNAs and of a 24mer RNA

Science.gov (United States)

Tedder, Philip; Zubko, Elena; Westhead, David R.; Meyer, Peter

2009-01-01

Two pools of small RNAs were cloned from inflorescences of Petunia hybrida using a 5′-ligation dependent and a 5′-ligation independent approach. The two libraries were integrated into a public website that allows the screening of individual sequences against 359,769 unique clones. The library contains 15 clones with 100% identity and 53 clones with one mismatch to miRNAs described for other plant species. For two conserved miRNAs, miR159 and miR390, we find clear differences in tissue-specific distribution, compared with other species. This shows that evolutionary conservation of miRNA sequences does not necessarily include a conservation of the miRNA expression profile. Almost 60% of all clones in the database are 24-nucleotide clones. In accordance with the role of 24mers in marking repetitive regions, we find them distributed across retroviral and transposable element sequences but other 24mers map to promoter regions and to different transcript regions. For one target region we observe tissue-specific variation of matching 24mers, which demonstrates that, as for 21mers, 24mer concentrations are not necessarily identical in different tissues. Asymmetric distribution of a putative novel miRNA in the two libraries suggests that the cloning method can be selective for the representation of certain small RNAs in a collection. PMID:19369427

A conservative region of the mercuric reductase gene (merA) as a molecular marker of bacterial mercury resistance Região conservada do gene da mercúrio redutase (merA) como marcador molecular da resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio

OpenAIRE

Adriana Sotero-Martins; Michele Silva de Jesus; Michele Lacerda; Josino Costa Moreira; Ana Luzia Lauria Filgueiras; Paulo Rubens Guimarães Barrocas

2008-01-01

The most common bacterial mercury resistance mechanism is based on the reduction of Hg(II) to Hg0, which is dependent of the mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA) activity. The use of a 431 bp fragment of a conservative region of the mercuric reductase (merA) gene was applied as a molecular marker of this mechanism, allowing the identification of mercury resistant bacterial strains.O mecanismo de resistência bacteriana ao mercúrio mais comum é baseada na redução do Hg(II) a Hg0, através da ativida...

Human Infection with MERS coronavirus after exposure to infected camels, Saudi Arabia, 2013

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Memish, Ziad A.; Cotten, Matthew; Meyer, Benjamin; Watson, Simon J.; Alsahafi, Abdullah J.; Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A.; Corman, Victor Max; Sieberg, Andrea; Makhdoom, Hatem Q.; Assiri, Abdullah; Al Masri, Malaki; Aldabbagh, Souhaib; Bosch, Berend Jan|info:eu-repo/dai/nl/273306049; Beer, Martin; Müller, Marcel A.; Kellam, Paul; Drosten, Christian

2014-01-01

We investigated a case of human infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) after exposure to infected camels. Analysis of the whole human-derived virus and 15% of the camel-derived virus sequence yielded nucleotide polymorphism signatures suggestive of cross-species

Designing small universal k-mer hitting sets for improved analysis of high-throughput sequencing.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yaron Orenstein

2017-10-01

Full Text Available With the rapidly increasing volume of deep sequencing data, more efficient algorithms and data structures are needed. Minimizers are a central recent paradigm that has improved various sequence analysis tasks, including hashing for faster read overlap detection, sparse suffix arrays for creating smaller indexes, and Bloom filters for speeding up sequence search. Here, we propose an alternative paradigm that can lead to substantial further improvement in these and other tasks. For integers k and L > k, we say that a set of k-mers is a universal hitting set (UHS if every possible L-long sequence must contain a k-mer from the set. We develop a heuristic called DOCKS to find a compact UHS, which works in two phases: The first phase is solved optimally, and for the second we propose several efficient heuristics, trading set size for speed and memory. The use of heuristics is motivated by showing the NP-hardness of a closely related problem. We show that DOCKS works well in practice and produces UHSs that are very close to a theoretical lower bound. We present results for various values of k and L and by applying them to real genomes show that UHSs indeed improve over minimizers. In particular, DOCKS uses less than 30% of the 10-mers needed to span the human genome compared to minimizers. The software and computed UHSs are freely available at github.com/Shamir-Lab/DOCKS/ and acgt.cs.tau.ac.il/docks/, respectively.

Searching for animal models and potential target species for emerging pathogens: Experience gained from Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS coronavirus

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Júlia Vergara-Alert

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Emerging and re-emerging pathogens represent a substantial threat to public health, as demonstrated with numerous outbreaks over the past years, including the 2013–2016 outbreak of Ebola virus in western Africa. Coronaviruses are also a threat for humans, as evidenced in 2002/2003 with infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV, which caused more than 8000 human infections with 10% fatality rate in 37 countries. Ten years later, a novel human coronavirus (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV, associated with severe pneumonia, arose in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Until December 2016, MERS has accounted for more than 1800 cases and 35% fatality rate. Finding an animal model of disease is key to develop vaccines or antivirals against such emerging pathogens and to understand its pathogenesis. Knowledge of the potential role of domestic livestock and other animal species in the transmission of pathogens is of importance to understand the epidemiology of the disease. Little is known about MERS-CoV animal host range. In this paper, experimental data on potential hosts for MERS-CoV is reviewed. Advantages and limitations of different animal models are evaluated in relation to viral pathogenesis and transmission studies. Finally, the relevance of potential new target species is discussed.

Structural and Biochemical Characterization of Organotin and Organolead Compounds Binding to the Organomercurial Lyase MerB Provide New Insights into Its Mechanism of Carbon–Metal Bond Cleavage

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wahba, Haytham M. [Département; Faculty; Stevenson, Michael J. [Department; Mansour, Ahmed [Département; Sygusch, Jurgen [Département; Wilcox, Dean E. [Department; Omichinski, James G. [Département

2017-01-03

The organomercurial lyase MerB has the unique ability to cleave carbon–Hg bonds, and structural studies indicate that three residues in the active site (C96, D99, and C159 in E. coli MerB) play important roles in the carbon–Hg bond cleavage. However, the role of each residue in carbon–metal bond cleavage has not been well-defined. To do so, we have structurally and biophysically characterized the interaction of MerB with a series of organotin and organolead compounds. Studies with two known inhibitors of MerB, dimethyltin (DMT) and triethyltin (TET), reveal that they inhibit by different mechanisms. In both cases the initial binding is to D99, but DMT subsequently binds to C96, which induces a conformation change in the active site. In contrast, diethyltin (DET) is a substrate for MerB and the SnIV product remains bound in the active site in a coordination similar to that of HgII following cleavage of organomercurial compounds. The results with analogous organolead compounds are similar in that trimethyllead (TML) is not cleaved and binds only to D99, whereas diethyllead (DEL) is a substrate and the PbIV product remains bound in the active site. Binding and cleavage is an exothermic reaction, while binding to D99 has negligible net heat flow. These results show that initial binding of organometallic compounds to MerB occurs at D99 followed, in some cases, by cleavage and loss of the organic moieties and binding of the metal ion product to C96, D99, and C159. The N-terminus of MerA is able to extract the bound PbVI but not the bound SnIV. These results suggest that MerB could be utilized for bioremediation applications, but certain organolead and organotin compounds may present an obstacle by inhibiting the enzyme.

Application of State Analysis and Goal-based Operations to a MER Mission Scenario

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, John Richard; Ingham, Michel D.; Mishkin, Andrew H.; Rasmussen, Robert D.; Starbird, Thomas W.

2006-01-01

State Analysis is a model-based systems engineering methodology employing a rigorous discovery process which articulates operations concepts and operability needs as an integrated part of system design. The process produces requirements on system and software design in the form of explicit models which describe the system behavior in terms of state variables and the relationships among them. By applying State Analysis to an actual MER flight mission scenario, this study addresses the specific real world challenges of complex space operations and explores technologies that can be brought to bear on future missions. The paper first describes the tools currently used on a daily basis for MER operations planning and provides an in-depth description of the planning process, in the context of a Martian day's worth of rover engineering activities, resource modeling, flight rules, science observations, and more. It then describes how State Analysis allows for the specification of a corresponding goal-based sequence that accomplishes the same objectives, with several important additional benefits.

Demonstration of Laser Plasma X-Ray Source with X-Ray Collimator Final Report CRADA No. TC-1564-99

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lane, S. M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Forber, R. A. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

2017-09-28

This collaborative effort between the University of California, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and JMAR Research, Inc. (JRI), was to demonstrate that LLNL x-ray collimators can effectively increase the wafer throughput of JRI's laser based x-ray lithography systems. The technical objectives were expected to be achieved by completion of the following tasks, which are separated into two task lists by funding source. The organization (LLNL or JMAR) having primary responsibility is given parenthetically for each task.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS Cov outbreak so far exempted Sub Saharan Africa; is it good news or call for action?

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Ballah Akawu Denue

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The reported cases of MERS Cov in Arabian Peninsula and sporadic cases elsewhere except in sub Saharan Africa at present is disquieting considering its initial clinical feature that mimic flu like symptoms caused by other viruses. However MERS Cov is associated with organ dysfunction and high mortality. Although the mode of transmission is still unclear, it is postulated that it spreads through close contact, possibly via respiratory route. High similarities of MERS CoV carried by humans and camels may suggest that the diseases are zoonotic. Furthermore, airborne nosocomial transmission can occur in the room shared by the patients in the hospitals. There is still the confusion of transmission through body fluids or clinical samples, including stools and a cross transmission with medical devices or hands. Currently, all known cases can be directly or indirectly linked to Middle East from where it derives its name. Cases reported outside the Middle East first developed infection in the Middle East and then were exported outside the region. Several hospital-acquired outbreaks that resulted in upsurge of MERS Cov cases in Jeddah revealed lack of systematic implementation of infection prevention and control measures to effectively control emerging infectious diseases. The causative agent is detected and identified using Enzyme Linked Immuunosorbent Assay (ELISA and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR that is expensive and not readily available in hospitals located in resource poor settings such as sub Saharan Africa. Although, so far no case of MERS Cov has been reported from sub Saharan Africa, the devastating consequences of MERS epidemic will be more catastrophic if it emerges in developing nations especially in sub Saharan Africa where there are no up to date facilities for investigations and management of such cases. Against this backdrop, we review this hazardous and incurable disease believing that it would create the necessary

Treatment outcomes for patients with Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection at a coronavirus referral center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Science.gov (United States)

Al Ghamdi, Mohammed; Alghamdi, Khalid M; Ghandoora, Yasmeen; Alzahrani, Ameera; Salah, Fatmah; Alsulami, Abdulmoatani; Bawayan, Mayada F; Vaidya, Dhananjay; Perl, Trish M; Sood, Geeta

2016-04-21

Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a poorly understood disease with no known treatments. We describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with laboratory confirmed MERS-CoV at a regional referral center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In 2014, a retrospective chart review was performed on patients with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis of MERS-CoV to determine clinical and treatment characteristics associated with death. Confounding was evaluated and a multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the independent effect of treatments administered. Fifty-one patients had an overall mortality of 37 %. Most patients were male (78 %) with a mean age of 54 years. Almost a quarter of the patients were healthcare workers (23.5 %) and 41 % had a known exposure to another person with MERS-CoV. Survival was associated with male gender, working as a healthcare worker, history of hypertension, vomiting on admission, elevated respiratory rate, abnormal lung exam, elevated alanine transaminase (ALT), clearance of MERS-CoV on repeat PCR polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, and mycophenolate mofetil treatment. Survival was reduced in the presence of coronary artery disease, hypotension, hypoxemia, CXR (chest X-ray) abnormalities, leukocytosis, creatinine >1 · 5 mg/dL, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and renal failure. In a multivariate analysis of treatments administered, severity of illness was the greatest predictor of reduced survival. Care for patients with MERS-CoV remains a challenge. In this retrospective cohort, interferon beta and mycophenolate mofetil treatment were predictors of increased survival in the univariate analysis. Severity of illness was the greatest predictor of reduced survival in the multivariate analysis. Larger randomized trials are needed to better evaluate the efficacy of these treatment regimens for MERS-CoV.

A comparison of alternative 60-mer probe designs in an in-situ synthesized oligonucleotide microarray

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Fairbanks Benjamin D

2006-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background DNA microarrays have proven powerful for functional genomics studies. Several technologies exist for the generation of whole-genome arrays. It is well documented that 25mer probes directed against different regions of the same gene produce variable signal intensity values. However, the extent to which this is true for probes of greater length (60mers is not well characterized. Moreover, this information has not previously been reported for whole-genome arrays designed against bacteria, whose genomes may differ substantially in characteristics directly affecting microarray performance. Results We report here an analysis of alternative 60mer probe designs for an in-situ synthesized oligonucleotide array for the GC rich, β-proteobacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia. Probes were designed using the ArrayOligoSel3.5 software package and whole-genome microarrays synthesized by Agilent, Inc. using their in-situ, ink-jet technology platform. We first validated the quality of the microarrays as demonstrated by an average signal to noise ratio of >1000. Next, we determined that the variance of replicate probes (1178 total probes examined of identical sequence was 3.8% whereas the variance of alternative probes (558 total alternative probes examined designs was 9.5%. We determined that depending upon the definition, about 2.4% of replicate and 7.8% of alternative probes produced outlier conclusions. Finally, we determined none of the probe design subscores (GC content, internal repeat, binding energy and self annealment produced by ArrayOligoSel3.5 were predictive or probes that produced outlier signals. Conclusion Our analysis demonstrated that the use of multiple probes per target sequence is not essential for in-situ synthesized 60mer oligonucleotide arrays designed against bacteria. Although probes producing outlier signals were identified, the use of ratios results in less than 10% of such outlier conclusions. We also determined that

General document environmental impact report (m.e.r.) oil and gas exploitation industry. Update and supplement of the general document; Generiek document m.e.r. offshore olie- en gaswinningsindustrie. Update en aanvulling van het generiek document environmental impact report (m.e.r.) offshore, 1999

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

2008-04-15

The generic environmental impact assessment (EIA or MER in Dutch) in 1999 is intended to serve as a template for specific environmental impact assessments for oil and gas exploitation projects at sea. Since 1999, a number of innovations and changes were implemented. Particularly in offshore technologies and regulations new insights and ideas came up in recent years. Therefore the existing generic document has to be updated with new information, relevant in the preparation of specific environmental impact assessments in the offshore oil and gas exploitation industry in the Dutch part of the Continental Shelf [Dutch] De generieke milieu effect rapportage (MER) uit 1999 is bedoeld om te dienen als een sjabloon voor specifieke Milieueffectrapportages bij olie- en gaswinningprojecten op zee. Sinds 1999 is een aantal vernieuwingen en veranderingen doorgevoerd. Met name in offshore technologieen en wet- en regelgeving zijn de afgelopen jaren nieuwe inzichten en ideeen ontstaan. Hierdoor is de wens ontstaan om het bestaande generieke document aan te vullen met nieuwe informatie die relevant is voor het opstellen van specifieke Milieueffectrapportages in de offshore olie- en gaswinningsindustrie op het Nederlands deel van het Continentaal Plat.

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV does not replicate in Syrian hamsters.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emmie de Wit

Full Text Available In 2012 a novel coronavirus, MERS-CoV, associated with severe respiratory disease emerged in the Arabian Peninsula. To date, 55 human cases have been reported, including 31 fatal cases. Several of the cases were likely a result of human-to-human transmission. The emergence of this novel coronavirus prompts the need for a small animal model to study the pathogenesis of this virus and to test the efficacy of potential intervention strategies. In this study we explored the use of Syrian hamsters as a small animal disease model, using intratracheal inoculation and inoculation via aerosol. Clinical signs of disease, virus replication, histological lesions, cytokine upregulation nor seroconversion were observed in any of the inoculated animals, indicating that MERS-CoV does not replicate in Syrian hamsters.

A Tn5051-like mer-containing transposon identified in a heavy metal tolerant strain Achromobacter sp. AO22

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bhave Mrinal

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Achromobacter sp. AO22 (formerly Alcaligenes sp. AO22, a bacterial strain isolated from a lead-contaminated industrial site in Australia, was previously found to be resistant to moderate to high levels of mercury, copper and other heavy metals. However, the nature and location of the genetic basis for mercuric ion resistance in this strain, had not been previously identified. Findings Achromobacter sp. AO22 contains a functional mer operon with all four essential genes (merRTPA and shows >99% DNA sequence identity to that of Tn501. The mer operon was present on a transposon, designated TnAO22, captured by introducing a broad-host-range IncP plasmid into Achromobacter sp. AO22 and subsequently transferring it to E. coli recipients. The transposition frequency of TnAO22 was 10-2 to 10-3 per target plasmid transferred. Analysis of TnAO22 sequence revealed it belonged to the Tn21 subgroup of the Tn3 superfamily of transposons, with the transposition module having >99% identity with Tn5051 of a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a water sample in New York. Conclusion TnAO22 is thus a new variant of Tn5051 of the Tn3 superfamily and the transposon and its associated mercury resistance system are among the few such systems reported in a soil bacterium. Achromobacter sp. AO22 can thus be exploited for applications such as in situ mercury bioremediation of contaminated sites, or the mobile unit and mer operon could be mobilized to other bacteria for similar purposes.

MicroRNA categorization using sequence motifs and k-mers.

Science.gov (United States)

Yousef, Malik; Khalifa, Waleed; Acar, İlhan Erkin; Allmer, Jens

2017-03-14

Post-transcriptional gene dysregulation can be a hallmark of diseases like cancer and microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the modulation of translation efficiency. Known pre-miRNAs are listed in miRBase, and they have been discovered in a variety of organisms ranging from viruses and microbes to eukaryotic organisms. The computational detection of pre-miRNAs is of great interest, and such approaches usually employ machine learning to discriminate between miRNAs and other sequences. Many features have been proposed describing pre-miRNAs, and we have previously introduced the use of sequence motifs and k-mers as useful ones. There have been reports of xeno-miRNAs detected via next generation sequencing. However, they may be contaminations and to aid that important decision-making process, we aimed to establish a means to differentiate pre-miRNAs from different species. To achieve distinction into species, we used one species' pre-miRNAs as the positive and another species' pre-miRNAs as the negative training and test data for the establishment of machine learned models based on sequence motifs and k-mers as features. This approach resulted in higher accuracy values between distantly related species while species with closer relation produced lower accuracy values. We were able to differentiate among species with increasing success when the evolutionary distance increases. This conclusion is supported by previous reports of fast evolutionary changes in miRNAs since even in relatively closely related species a fairly good discrimination was possible.

Tuning in and catching on? Examining the relationship between pandemic communication and awareness and knowledge of MERS in the USA.

Science.gov (United States)

Lin, Leesa; McCloud, Rachel F; Bigman, Cabral A; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula

2017-06-01

Large-scale influenza outbreaks over the last decade, such as SARS and H1N1, have brought to global attention the importance of emergency risk communication and prompted the international community to develop communication responses. Since pandemic outbreaks are relatively infrequent, there is a dearth of evidence addressing the following questions: (i) Have the resources invested in strategic and routine communication for past pandemic outbreaks yielded public health preparedness benefits? (ii) Have past efforts sensitized people to pay attention to new pandemic threats? The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) that was followed closely by major media outlets in the USA provides an opportunity to examine the relationship between exposure to public communication about epidemics and public awareness and knowledge about new risks. In December, 2013, we surveyed a nationally representative sample of 627 American adults and examined the associations between people's awareness to prior pandemics and their awareness of and knowledge about MERS. Awareness of prior pandemics was significantly associated with awareness and knowledge of MERS. The most common sources from which people first heard about MERS were also identified. Communication inequalities were observed between racial/ethnic and socioeconomic positions, suggesting a need for more effective pandemic communication. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Composite Risers for Deepwater Applications Risers composites pour applications en mer profonde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Metivaud G.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available This paper is devoted to the high performance composite tubes developed by the Institut Français du Pétrole (IFP and Aerospatiale for deepwater risers applications. The design principles of the tubes are first presented, along with results of preliminary work carried out as part of the initial feasibility study. Applications of composite tubes to drilling riser Kill and Choke lines and to TLP production risers, both of which have been studied in detail, are then described. Technical and operational advantages obtained from such applications are discussed. Cet article présente les travaux réalisés par l'Institut Français du Pétrole et l'Aerospatiale dans le domaine des tubes composites haute performance pour les applications aux liaisons fond-surface de forage et de production en mer profonde. Les matériaux composites avancés sont une classe de matériaux très particulière, présentant à la fois des caractéristiques mécaniques élevées et une densité spécifique faible. Ils sont utilisés principalement par les industries de l'aéronautique et de l'espace, mais l'industrie pétrolière en mer profonde est un secteur où ils peuvent trouver dans l'avenir des applications très intéressantes, notamment les tubes de risers. Les tubes de risers pétroliers en mer présentent en effet une gamme de spécifications élevées (diamètres, pression, traction, fatigue dans un environnement sévère et leur poids suspendu peut pénaliser fortement les systèmes de forage ou de production par grande profondeur d'eau. Un premier concept de tube composite haute performance a été développé par IFP et Aerospatiale au début des années 1980 ; sa partie courante, réalisée par enroulement filamentaire de fibres de verre R ou de fibres de carbone, et son système d'embout ont été soumis à une série d'essais mécaniques (pression interne jusqu'à 105 MPa, traction supérieure à 1 000 kN pour un diamètre nominal de 0,1 m, millions de

Strength and Deformability of Light-toned Layered Deposits Observed by MER Opportunity: Eagle to Erebus Craters

Science.gov (United States)

Okubo, C. H.; Schultz, R. A.; Nahm, A. L.

2007-07-01

The strength and deformability of light-toned layered deposits are estimated based on measurements of porosity from Microscopic Imager data acquired by MER Opportunity during its traverse from Eagle Crater to Erebus Crater.

Accurate approximation method for prediction of class I MHC affinities for peptides of length 8, 10 and 11 using prediction tools trained on 9mers

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lundegaard, Claus; Lund, Ole; Nielsen, Morten

2008-01-01

Several accurate prediction systems have been developed for prediction of class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC):peptide binding. Most of these are trained on binding affinity data of primarily 9mer peptides. Here, we show how prediction methods trained on 9mer data can be used for accurate...

Alignment independent 3D-QSAR, quantum calculations and molecular docking of Mer specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anticancer drugs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fereshteh Shiri

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is a promising novel cancer therapeutic target in many human cancers, because abnormal activation of Mer has been implicated in survival signaling and chemoresistance. 3D-QSAR analyses based on alignment independent descriptors were performed on a series of 81 Mer specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The fractional factorial design (FFD and the enhanced replacement method (ERM were applied and tested as variable selection algorithms for the selection of optimal subsets of molecular descriptors from a much greater pool of such regression variables. The data set was split into 65 molecules as the training set and 16 compounds as the test set. All descriptors were generated by using the GRid INdependent descriptors (GRIND approach. After variable selection, GRIND were correlated with activity values (pIC50 by PLS regression. Of the two applied variable selection methods, ERM had a noticeable improvement on the statistical parameters of PLS model, and yielded a q2 value of 0.77, an rpred2 of 0.94, and a low RMSEP value of 0.25. The GRIND information contents influencing the affinity on Mer specific tyrosine kinase were also confirmed by docking studies. In a quantum calculation study, the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO (gap implied the high interaction of the most active molecule in the active site of the protein. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential energy at DFT level confirmed results obtained from the molecular docking. The identified key features obtained from the molecular modeling, enabled us to design novel kinase inhibitors.

Alignment independent 3D-QSAR, quantum calculations and molecular docking of Mer specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors as anticancer drugs.

Science.gov (United States)

Shiri, Fereshteh; Pirhadi, Somayeh; Ghasemi, Jahan B

2016-03-01

Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is a promising novel cancer therapeutic target in many human cancers, because abnormal activation of Mer has been implicated in survival signaling and chemoresistance. 3D-QSAR analyses based on alignment independent descriptors were performed on a series of 81 Mer specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The fractional factorial design (FFD) and the enhanced replacement method (ERM) were applied and tested as variable selection algorithms for the selection of optimal subsets of molecular descriptors from a much greater pool of such regression variables. The data set was split into 65 molecules as the training set and 16 compounds as the test set. All descriptors were generated by using the GRid INdependent descriptors (GRIND) approach. After variable selection, GRIND were correlated with activity values (pIC50) by PLS regression. Of the two applied variable selection methods, ERM had a noticeable improvement on the statistical parameters of PLS model, and yielded a q (2) value of 0.77, an [Formula: see text] of 0.94, and a low RMSEP value of 0.25. The GRIND information contents influencing the affinity on Mer specific tyrosine kinase were also confirmed by docking studies. In a quantum calculation study, the energy difference between HOMO and LUMO (gap) implied the high interaction of the most active molecule in the active site of the protein. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential energy at DFT level confirmed results obtained from the molecular docking. The identified key features obtained from the molecular modeling, enabled us to design novel kinase inhibitors.

The Role of Social Work for Foreign Residents in an Epidemic: The MERS Crisis in the Republic of Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Hong-Jae; Lee, Bong Joo

2016-01-01

This article explores the experiences of foreign residents during the period of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in (South) Korea and discusses from a social work perspective the implications of their experiences and their needs. Data were obtained from interviews with 22 foreigners who either live and work or study in Korea. The data were then interpreted using a thematic analysis approach in a multilingual research context. The findings from the study show that foreign residents experienced a wide range of social and psychoemotional difficulties during the MERS health threat. Implications for social work practice in an epidemic emergency are presented.

Novel Tc-99m labeled ELR-containing 6-mer peptides for tumor imaging in epidermoid carcinoma xenografts model. A pilot study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo-Hyoung; Kim, Myoung-Hyoun; Kim, Chang-Guhn

2013-01-01

ELR-containing peptides targeting CXCR2 could be the excellent candidate for targeting ligand of molecular tumor imaging. In this study, we had developed two ELR-containing 6-mer peptides and evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99m labeled 6-mer peptides as a molecular imaging agent in murine models bearing KB epidermoid carcinoma. Peptides were synthesized using Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency with Tc-99m was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. In KB epidermoid cancer-bearing mice, gamma images had acquired and tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio was calculated. Competition and biodistribution studies had performed. Two 6-mer peptides, ELR-ECG and ECG-ELR were successfully synthesized. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, the complex Tc-99m ELR-ECG and Tc-99m ECG-ELR were prepared in high yield. In the gamma camera imaging of murine model, Tc-99m ELR-ECG was substantially accumulated in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor and tumor uptake had been suppressed by the free ELR co-injection. However, Tc-99m ECG-ELR was minimally accumulated in the tumor. Two ELR-containing 6-mer peptides, ELR-ECG and ECG-ELR, were developed as a molecular imaging agent to target CXCR2 of epidermoid carcinoma. Tc-99m ELR-ECG had showed significant uptake in tumor and it was good candidate for a tumor imaging. (author)

Rezension: Ada Lovelace. Die Pionierin der Computertechnik und ihre Nachfolgerinnen von Sybille Krämer (Hg.)

OpenAIRE

Bettina Schabschneider

2015-01-01

Ein aktueller von Sybille Krämer herausgegebener Sammelband beleuchtet die Bedeutung der Computertechnik-Pionierin Ada Lovelace. Bettina Schabschneider hat den Band einer detaillierten Lektüre unterzogen und für die MEDIENIMPULSE rezensiert …

Avoiding student infection during a Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak: a single medical school experience.

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Seung Won; Jang, Hye Won; Choe, Yon Ho; Lee, Kyung Soo; Ahn, Yong Chan; Chung, Myung Jin; Lee, Kyu-Sung; Lee, Kyunghoon; Han, Taehee

2016-06-01

In outbreaks of infectious disease, medical students are easily overlooked in the management of healthcare personnel protection although they serve in clinical clerkships in hospitals. In the early summer of 2015, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) struck South Korea, and students of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKUSOM) were at risk of contracting the disease. The purpose of this report is to share SKKUSOM's experience against the MERS outbreak and provide suggestions for medical schools to consider in the face of similar challenges. Through a process of reflection-on-action, we examined SKKUSOM's efforts to avoid student infection during the MERS outbreak and derived a few practical guidelines that medical schools can adopt to ensure student safety in outbreaks of infectious disease. The school leadership conducted ongoing risk assessment and developed contingency plans to balance student safety and continuity in medical education. They rearranged the clerkships to another hospital and offered distant lectures and tutorials. Five suggestions are extracted for medical schools to consider in infection outbreaks: instant cessation of clinical clerkships; rational decision making on a school closure; use of information technology; constant communication with hospitals; and open communication with faculty, staff, and students. Medical schools need to take the initiative and actively seek countermeasures against student infection. It is essential that medical schools keep constant communication with their index hospitals and the involved personnel. In order to assure student learning, medical schools may consider offering distant education with online technology.

Rezension: Ada Lovelace. Die Pionierin der Computertechnik und ihre Nachfolgerinnen von Sybille Krämer (Hg.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bettina Schabschneider

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Ein aktueller von Sybille Krämer herausgegebener Sammelband beleuchtet die Bedeutung der Computertechnik-Pionierin Ada Lovelace. Bettina Schabschneider hat den Band einer detaillierten Lektüre unterzogen und für die MEDIENIMPULSE rezensiert …

Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj.

Science.gov (United States)

Memish, Ziad A; Assiri, Abdullah; Almasri, Malak; Alhakeem, Rafat F; Turkestani, Abdulhafeez; Al Rabeeah, Abdullah A; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A; Alzahrani, Abdullah; Azhar, Essam; Makhdoom, Hatem Q; Hajomar, Waleed H; Al-Shangiti, Ali M; Yezli, Saber

2014-10-01

Annually, Saudi Arabia is the host of the Hajj mass gathering. We aimed to determine the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) nasal carriage rate among pilgrims performing the 2013 Hajj and to describe the compliance with the Saudi Ministry of Health vaccine recommendations. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 5235 adult pilgrims from 22 countries and screened for MERS-CoV using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Information regarding the participants' age, gender, country of origin, medical conditions, and vaccination history were obtained. The mean age of the screened population was 51.8 years (range, 18-93 years) with a male/female ratio of 1.17:1. MERS-CoV was not detected in any of the samples tested (3210 pre-Hajj and 2025 post-Hajj screening). According to the vaccination documents, all participants had received meningococcal vaccination and the majority of those from at-risk countries were vaccinated against yellow fever and polio. Only 22% of the pilgrims (17.5% of those ≥65 years and 36.3% of diabetics) had flu vaccination, and 4.4% had pneumococcal vaccination. There was no evidence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage among Hajj pilgrims. While rates of compulsory vaccinations uptake were high, uptake of pneumococcal and flu seasonal vaccinations were low, including among the high-risk population. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Recapitulating phylogenies using k-mers: from trees to networks.

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Bernard, Guillaume; Ragan, Mark A; Chan, Cheong Xin

2016-01-01

Ernst Haeckel based his landmark Tree of Life on the supposed ontogenic recapitulation of phylogeny, i.e. that successive embryonic stages during the development of an organism re-trace the morphological forms of its ancestors over the course of evolution. Much of this idea has since been discredited. Today, phylogenies are often based on families of molecular sequences. The standard approach starts with a multiple sequence alignment, in which the sequences are arranged relative to each other in a way that maximises a measure of similarity position-by-position along their entire length. A tree (or sometimes a network) is then inferred. Rigorous multiple sequence alignment is computationally demanding, and evolutionary processes that shape the genomes of many microbes (bacteria, archaea and some morphologically simple eukaryotes) can add further complications. In particular, recombination, genome rearrangement and lateral genetic transfer undermine the assumptions that underlie multiple sequence alignment, and imply that a tree-like structure may be too simplistic. Here, using genome sequences of 143 bacterial and archaeal genomes, we construct a network of phylogenetic relatedness based on the number of shared k -mers (subsequences at fixed length k ). Our findings suggest that the network captures not only key aspects of microbial genome evolution as inferred from a tree, but also features that are not treelike. The method is highly scalable, allowing for investigation of genome evolution across a large number of genomes. Instead of using specific regions or sequences from genome sequences, or indeed Haeckel's idea of ontogeny, we argue that genome phylogenies can be inferred using k -mers from whole-genome sequences. Representing these networks dynamically allows biological questions of interest to be formulated and addressed quickly and in a visually intuitive manner.

Molecular dynamics of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) fusion heptad repeat trimers

KAUST Repository

Kandeel, Mahmoud

2018-05-17

Structural studies related to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV) infection process are so limited. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was carried out to unravel changes in the MERS CoV heptad repeat domains (HRs) and factors affecting fusion state HR stability. Results indicated that HR trimer is more rapidly stabilized, having stable system energy and lowest root mean square deviations (RMSDs). While trimers were the predominant active form of CoVs HR, monomers were also discovered in both of viral and cellular membranes. In order to find the differences between S2 monomer and trimer molecular dynamics, S2 monomer were modelled and subjected to MD simulation. In contrast to S2 trimer, S2 monomer was unstable, having high RMSDs with major drifts above 8 Å. Fluctuation of HR residue positions revealed major changes in the C-terminal of HR2 and the linker coil between HR1 and HR2 in both monomer and trimer. Hydrophobic residues at the “a” and “d” positions of HR helices stabilize the whole system, having minimal changes in RMSD. The global distance test and contact area difference scores support instability of MERS CoV S2 monomer. Analysis of HR1-HR2 inter-residue contacts and interaction energy revealed three different energy scales along HR helices. Two strong interaction energies were identified at the start of the HR2 helix and at the C-terminal of HR2. The identified critical residues by MD simulation and residues at a and d position of HR helix were strong stabilizers of HRs recognition.

Avoiding student infection during a Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS outbreak: a single medical school experience

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Seung Won Park

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Purpose: In outbreaks of infectious disease, medical students are easily overlooked in the management of healthcare personnel protection although they serve in clinical clerkships in hospitals. In the early summer of 2015, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS struck South Korea, and students of Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKUSOM were at risk of contracting the disease. The purpose of this report is to share SKKUSOM’s experience against the MERS outbreak and provide suggestions for medical schools to consider in the face of similar challenges. Methods: Through a process of reflection-on-action, we examined SKKUSOM’s efforts to avoid student infection during the MERS outbreak and derived a few practical guidelines that medical schools can adopt to ensure student safety in outbreaks of infectious disease. Results: The school leadership conducted ongoing risk assessment and developed contingency plans to balance student safety and continuity in medical education. They rearranged the clerkships to another hospital and offered distant lectures and tutorials. Five suggestions are extracted for medical schools to consider in infection outbreaks: instant cessation of clinical clerkships; rational decision making on a school closure; use of information technology; constant communication with hospitals; and open communication with faculty, staff, and students. Conclusion: Medical schools need to take the initiative and actively seek countermeasures against student infection. It is essential that medical schools keep constant communication with their index hospitals and the involved personnel. In order to assure student learning, medical schools may consider offering distant education with online technology.

Tailoring subunit vaccine immunity with adjuvant combinations and delivery routes using the Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV receptor-binding domain as an antigen.

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Jiaming Lan

Full Text Available The development of an effective vaccine is critical for prevention of a Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV pandemic. Some studies have indicated the receptor-binding domain (RBD protein of MERS-CoV spike (S is a good candidate antigen for a MERS-CoV subunit vaccine. However, highly purified proteins are typically not inherently immunogenic. We hypothesised that humoral and cell-mediated immunity would be improved with a modification of the vaccination regimen. Therefore, the immunogenicity of a novel MERS-CoV RBD-based subunit vaccine was tested in mice using different adjuvant formulations and delivery routes. Different vaccination regimens were compared in BALB/c mice immunized 3 times intramuscularly (i.m. with a vaccine containing 10 µg of recombinant MERS-CoV RBD in combination with either aluminium hydroxide (alum alone, alum and polyriboinosinic acid (poly I:C or alum and cysteine-phosphate-guanine (CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN. The immune responses of mice vaccinated with RBD, incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA and CpG ODN by a subcutaneous (s.c. route were also investigated. We evaluated the induction of RBD-specific humoral immunity (total IgG and neutralizing antibodies and cellular immunity (ELISpot assay for IFN-γ spot-forming cells and splenocyte cytokine production. Our findings indicated that the combination of alum and CpG ODN optimized the development of RBD-specific humoral and cellular immunity following subunit vaccination. Interestingly, robust RBD-specific antibody and T-cell responses were induced in mice immunized with the rRBD protein in combination with IFA and CpG ODN, but low level of neutralizing antibodies were elicited. Our data suggest that murine immunity following subunit vaccination can be tailored using adjuvant combinations and delivery routes. The vaccination regimen used in this study is promising and could improve the protection offered by the MERS-CoV subunit vaccine by eliciting

VAT-teater vaatab 30 aastat tulevikku / Tiiu Laks

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Laks, Tiiu, 1984-

2010-01-01

VAT Teater toob S. Becketti "Krappi viimase lindi" lavale ebatavalisel moel. Festivalil "Draama 2010" Tartus toimub 8. septembril esimene avalik lindistus "...viimane lint / Saare esimene lint". Kontseptsioon: Tanel Saar ja Co. Esitus: Tanel Saar ja Hanna Allsaar. Näitejuhid-konsultandid: Rait Avestik ja Aare Toikka. "Krappi viimane lint" esietendub VAT Teatri ja Tanel Saare esituses 2040. a. sügisel. Festivali "Draama 2010" kavast

Etude de la performance des radars hautes-frequences CODAR et WERA pour la mesure des courants marins en presence partielle de glace de mer

Science.gov (United States)

Kamli, Emna

Les radars hautes-frequences (RHF) mesurent les courants marins de surface avec une portee pouvant atteindre 200 kilometres et une resolution de l'ordre du kilometre. Cette etude a pour but de caracteriser la performance des RHF, en terme de couverture spatiale, pour la mesure des courants de surface en presence partielle de glace de mer. Pour ce faire, les mesures des courants de deux radars de type CODAR sur la rive sud de l'estuaire maritime du Saint-Laurent, et d'un radar de type WERA sur la rive nord, prises pendant l'hiver 2013, ont ete utilisees. Dans un premier temps, l'aire moyenne journaliere de la zone ou les courants sont mesures par chaque radar a ete comparee a l'energie des vagues de Bragg calculee a partir des donnees brutes d'acceleration fournies par une bouee mouillee dans la zone couverte par les radars. La couverture des CODARs est dependante de la densite d'energie de Bragg, alors que la couverture du WERA y est pratiquement insensible. Un modele de fetch appele GENER a ete force par la vitesse du vent predite par le modele GEM d'Environnement Canada pour estimer la hauteur significative ainsi que la periode modale des vagues. A partir de ces parametres, la densite d'energie des vagues de Bragg a ete evaluee pendant l'hiver a l'aide du spectre theorique de Bretschneider. Ces resultats permettent d'etablir la couverture normale de chaque radar en absence de glace de mer. La concentration de glace de mer, predite par le systeme canadien operationnel de prevision glace-ocean, a ete moyennee sur les differents fetchs du vent selon la direction moyenne journaliere des vagues predites par GENER. Dans un deuxieme temps, la relation entre le ratio des couvertures journalieres obtenues pendant l'hiver 2013 et des couvertures normales de chaque radar d'une part, et la concentration moyenne journaliere de glace de mer d'autre part, a ete etablie. Le ratio des couvertures decroit avec l'augmentation de la concentration de glace de mer pour les deux types

Adaptation aux répercussions de l'élévation du niveau de la mer ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

, la pollution, l'utilisation intensive des terres, la croissance démographique et la dégradation des écosystèmes. Elles sont par ailleurs exposées aux répercussions de la hausse du niveau de la mer et notamment aux inondations. Réduire la ...

Insularité et démographie dans la mer Intérieure japonaise

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Philippe PELLETIER

1992-12-01

Full Text Available Les îles éloignées (ritô tiennent une place importante dans l’espace japonais. Les îles de la mer Intérieure se dépeuplèrent fortement pendant la Haute Croissance. Un graphique corrélant leur évolution démographique et leur distance par rapport à Honshû et Shikoku nous aide à comprendre que l’éloignement insulaire joua un rôle relatif.

Evidence of mercury trapping in biofilm-EPS and mer operon-based volatilization of inorganic mercury in a marine bacterium Bacillus cereus BW-201B.

Science.gov (United States)

Dash, Hirak R; Basu, Subham; Das, Surajit

2017-04-01

Biofilm-forming mercury-resistant marine bacterium Bacillus cereus BW-201B has been explored to evident that the bacterial biofilm-EPS (exopolymers) trap inorganic mercury but subsequently release EPS-bound mercury for induction of mer operon-mediated volatilization of inorganic mercury. The isolate was able to tolerate 50 ppm of mercury and forms biofilm in presence of mercury. mer operon-mediated volatilization was confirmed, and -SH was found to be the key functional group of bacterial EPS responsible for mercury binding. Biofilm-EPS-bound mercury was found to be internalized to the bacterial system as confirmed by reversible conformational change of -SH group and increased expression level of merA gene in a timescale experiment. Biofilm-EPS trapped Hg after 24 h of incubation, and by 96 h, the volatilization process reaches to its optimum confirming the internalization of EPS-bound mercury to the bacterial cells. Biofilm disintegration at the same time corroborates the results.

MERS-CoV: Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus: Can radiology be of help? Initial single center experience

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Ahmed Hamimi

2016-03-01

Conclusions: MERS CoV virus may have a specific pattern in chest X-ray and CT developing a single or multiple opacities progressing into a widespread multifocal bilateral patches of ground glass opacities or confluent consolidation resembling organizing pneumonia.

When Information from Public Health Officials is Untrustworthy: The Use of Online News, Interpersonal Networks, and Social Media during the MERS Outbreak in South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Jang, Kyungeun; Baek, Young Min

2018-03-20

Public health officials (PHOs) are responsible for providing trustworthy information during a public health crisis; however, there is little research on how the public behaves when their expectations for such information are violated. Drawing on media dependency theory and source credibility research as our primary theoretical framework, we tested how credibility of information from PHOs is associated with people's reliance on a particular communication channel in the context of the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in South Korea. Using nationally representative data (N = 1036) collected during the MERS outbreak, we found that less credible information from PHOs led to more frequent use of online news, interpersonal networks, and social media for acquiring MERS-related information. However, credibility of information from PHOs was not associated with the use of television news or print newspapers. The theoretical and practical implications of our results on communication channels usage are discussed.

77 FR 49059 - Requested Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel CHAT DE MER; Invitation for...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-15

... Administrative Waiver of the Coastwise Trade Laws: Vessel CHAT DE MER; Invitation for Public Comments AGENCY....gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: As described by the applicant the intended service of the vessel CHAT... Francisco Bay. Geographic Region: ``California.'' The complete application is given in DOT docket MARAD-2012...

A novel k-mer set memory (KSM) motif representation improves regulatory variant prediction.

Science.gov (United States)

Guo, Yuchun; Tian, Kevin; Zeng, Haoyang; Guo, Xiaoyun; Gifford, David Kenneth

2018-04-13

The representation and discovery of transcription factor (TF) sequence binding specificities is critical for understanding gene regulatory networks and interpreting the impact of disease-associated noncoding genetic variants. We present a novel TF binding motif representation, the k -mer set memory (KSM), which consists of a set of aligned k -mers that are overrepresented at TF binding sites, and a new method called KMAC for de novo discovery of KSMs. We find that KSMs more accurately predict in vivo binding sites than position weight matrix (PWM) models and other more complex motif models across a large set of ChIP-seq experiments. Furthermore, KSMs outperform PWMs and more complex motif models in predicting in vitro binding sites. KMAC also identifies correct motifs in more experiments than five state-of-the-art motif discovery methods. In addition, KSM-derived features outperform both PWM and deep learning model derived sequence features in predicting differential regulatory activities of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) alleles. Finally, we have applied KMAC to 1600 ENCODE TF ChIP-seq data sets and created a public resource of KSM and PWM motifs. We expect that the KSM representation and KMAC method will be valuable in characterizing TF binding specificities and in interpreting the effects of noncoding genetic variations. © 2018 Guo et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

Diversification of the celiac disease α-gliadin complex in wheat: a 33-mer peptide with six overlapping epitopes, evolved following polyploidization.

Science.gov (United States)

Ozuna, Carmen V; Iehisa, Julio C M; Giménez, María J; Alvarez, Juan B; Sousa, Carolina; Barro, Francisco

2015-06-01

The gluten proteins from wheat, barley and rye are responsible both for celiac disease (CD) and for non-celiac gluten sensitivity, two pathologies affecting up to 6-8% of the human population worldwide. The wheat α-gliadin proteins contain three major CD immunogenic peptides: p31-43, which induces the innate immune response; the 33-mer, formed by six overlapping copies of three highly stimulatory epitopes; and an additional DQ2.5-glia-α3 epitope which partially overlaps with the 33-mer. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and Sanger sequencing of α-gliadin genes from diploid and polyploid wheat provided six types of α-gliadins (named 1-6) with strong differences in their frequencies in diploid and polyploid wheat, and in the presence and abundance of these CD immunogenic peptides. Immunogenic variants of the p31-43 peptide were found in most of the α-gliadins. Variants of the DQ2.5-glia-α3 epitope were associated with specific types of α-gliadins. Remarkably, only type 1 α-gliadins contained 33-mer epitopes. Moreover, the full immunodominant 33-mer fragment was only present in hexaploid wheat at low abundance, probably as the result of allohexaploidization events from subtype 1.2 α-gliadins found only in Aegilops tauschii, the D-genome donor of hexaploid wheat. Type 3 α-gliadins seem to be the ancestral type as they are found in most of the α-gliadin-expressing Triticeae species. These findings are important for reducing the incidence of CD by the breeding/selection of wheat varieties with low stimulatory capacity of T cells. Moreover, advanced genome-editing techniques (TALENs, CRISPR) will be easier to implement on the small group of α-gliadins containing only immunogenic peptides. © 2015 Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Patterns of Human Respiratory Viruses and Lack of MERS-Coronavirus in Patients with Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Southwestern Province of Saudi Arabia

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Ahmed A. Abdulhaq

2017-01-01

Full Text Available We undertook enhanced surveillance of those presenting with respiratory symptoms at five healthcare centers by testing all symptomatic outpatients between November 2013 and January 2014 (winter time. Nasal swabs were collected from 182 patients and screened for MERS-CoV as well as other respiratory viruses using RT-PCR and multiplex microarray. A total of 75 (41.2% of these patients had positive viral infection. MERS-CoV was not detected in any of the samples. Human rhinovirus (hRV was the most detected pathogen (40.9% followed by non-MERS-CoV human coronaviruses (19.3%, influenza (Flu viruses (15.9%, and human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV (13.6%. Viruses differed markedly depending on age in which hRV, Flu A, and hCoV-OC43 were more prevalent in adults and RSV, hCoV-HKU1, and hCoV-NL63 were mostly restricted to children under the age of 15. Moreover, coinfection was not uncommon in this study, in which 17.3% of the infected patients had dual infections due to several combinations of viruses. Dual infections decreased with age and completely disappeared in people older than 45 years. Our study confirms that MERS-CoV is not common in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia and shows high diversity and prevalence of other common respiratory viruses. This study also highlights the importance and contribution of enhanced surveillance systems for better infection control.

The Synthesis and X-ray Structural Characterization of mer and fac isomers of the Technetium(I) Nitrosyl Complex [TcCl(2)(NO)(PNPpr)].

Science.gov (United States)

Nicholson, T L; Mahmood, A; Refosco, F; Tisato, F; Müller, P; Jones, A G

2009-08-01

The nitrosyl complex H[TcNOCl(4)] reacts with the tridentate ligand bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)propyl]amine (PNPpr) to yield a mixture of the mer or fac isomers of [TcCl(2)(NO)(PNPpr)]. In acetonitrile, where the ligand is freely soluble, reaction occurs at room temperature to yield mostly the mer isomer with the linear nitrosyl ligand cis to the amine ligand; and the phosphine ligands arranged in a mutually trans orientation. The reaction in methanol requires reflux to dissolve the lipophilic ligand and generates the fac isomer of [TcCl2(NO)(PNPpr)] as the major product, with the tridentate ligand in a facial arrangement, leaving the chlorides and nitrosyl ligand in the remaining facial sites. The steric bulk of the tridentate ligand's diphenylphophino- moieties results in a significant distortion from octahedral geometry, with the P-Tc-P bond angle expanded to 99.48(4)°. The infrared spectra display absorptions from these nitrosyl ligands in the 1700 and 1800 cm(-1) regions for the fac and mer isomers respectively. The ESI(+) mass spectra each display the parent ion at 647 m/z.

Molecular identification of Lodoicea maldivica (coco de mer seeds

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Mok Chuen-shing

2011-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The edible endosperm of Lodoicea maldivica with the common name of coco de mer is used in Chinese medicine for treating cough. Native to Seychelles, Lodoicea maldivica seeds have commanded high prices for centuries due to its scarcity. This study aims to develop a molecular identification method for the authentication of Lodoicea maldivica seeds. Methods DNA was extracted from the sample. Two polymerase chain reaction (PCR systems were developed to amplify a region of the chloroplast DNA and the nuclear phosphoribulokinase (PRK region specific to Lodoicea maldivica respectively. DNA sequence of a sample was determined and compared with that of the Lodoicea maldivica reference material. Results The PRK gene of Lodoicea maldivica was successfully amplified and sequenced for identification. Conclusion A new molecular method for the identification of Lodoicea maldivica seeds in fresh, frozen or dried forms was developed.

kWIP: The k-mer weighted inner product, a de novo estimator of genetic similarity.

Science.gov (United States)

Murray, Kevin D; Webers, Christfried; Ong, Cheng Soon; Borevitz, Justin; Warthmann, Norman

2017-09-01

Modern genomics techniques generate overwhelming quantities of data. Extracting population genetic variation demands computationally efficient methods to determine genetic relatedness between individuals (or "samples") in an unbiased manner, preferably de novo. Rapid estimation of genetic relatedness directly from sequencing data has the potential to overcome reference genome bias, and to verify that individuals belong to the correct genetic lineage before conclusions are drawn using mislabelled, or misidentified samples. We present the k-mer Weighted Inner Product (kWIP), an assembly-, and alignment-free estimator of genetic similarity. kWIP combines a probabilistic data structure with a novel metric, the weighted inner product (WIP), to efficiently calculate pairwise similarity between sequencing runs from their k-mer counts. It produces a distance matrix, which can then be further analysed and visualised. Our method does not require prior knowledge of the underlying genomes and applications include establishing sample identity and detecting mix-up, non-obvious genomic variation, and population structure. We show that kWIP can reconstruct the true relatedness between samples from simulated populations. By re-analysing several published datasets we show that our results are consistent with marker-based analyses. kWIP is written in C++, licensed under the GNU GPL, and is available from https://github.com/kdmurray91/kwip.

Simultaneous pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA, IncP-1 trfA, and merA genes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Holmsgaard, Peter Nikolai; Sørensen, Søren Johannes; Hansen, Lars H.

2013-01-01

The use of amplicon pyrosequencing makes it possible to produce thousands of sequences of the same gene at relatively low costs. Here we show that it is possible to simultaneously sequence the 16S rRNA gene, IncP-1 trfA gene and mercury reductase gene (merA) as a way for screening the diversity...

Passivity based nonlinear attitude control of the Rømer satellite

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Quottrup, Michael Melholt; Krogh-Sørensen, J.; Wisniewski, Rafal

This paper suggests nonlinear attitude control of the Danish satellite Rømer. This satellite will be designed to fulfil two scientific objectives: The observation of stellar oscillations and the detection and localisation of gamma-ray bursts. The satellite will be equipped with a tetrahedron...... configuration of Wide Angle Telescopes for Cosmic Hard x-rays (WATCH), that server the dual purpose of X-ray detectors and momentum wheels. By employing passivity theory it is shown, that the satellite is a passive system. This paper shows, that global asymptotic can be obtained with a passive and an imput...... and output strictly passive system in a feedback interconnection. It is demonstrated in a simulation study that the resultant control has a potential for on-board implementation in the acquistion phase, where global stabillity of the control law is vital...

Tulumaksu laekumine on olnud hea / Urmas Kiil

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kiil, Urmas

2008-01-01

11 kuu andmed näitavad, et Saare maakonnas tervikuna peaks 2008. aasta tulumaksu laekumise plaan täituma. Diagrammid: Füüsilise isiku tulumaksu laekumine saare maakonna omavalitsustes 2008. a. 11 kuu andmed: laekumise % 2009. a. kavandatud eelarvest; Üksikisiku tulumaksu laekumise tempo aastatel 2007 ja 2008 (11 kuu laekumised võrreldes eelneva aasta sama perioodiga). Kommenteerib Kihelkonna vallavanem Jüri Saar

Metagenome Fragment Classification Using -Mer Frequency Profiles

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Gail Rosen

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A vast amount of microbial sequencing data is being generated through large-scale projects in ecology, agriculture, and human health. Efficient high-throughput methods are needed to analyze the mass amounts of metagenomic data, all DNA present in an environmental sample. A major obstacle in metagenomics is the inability to obtain accuracy using technology that yields short reads. We construct the unique -mer frequency profiles of 635 microbial genomes publicly available as of February 2008. These profiles are used to train a naive Bayes classifier (NBC that can be used to identify the genome of any fragment. We show that our method is comparable to BLAST for small 25 bp fragments but does not have the ambiguity of BLAST's tied top scores. We demonstrate that this approach is scalable to identify any fragment from hundreds of genomes. It also performs quite well at the strain, species, and genera levels and achieves strain resolution despite classifying ubiquitous genomic fragments (gene and nongene regions. Cross-validation analysis demonstrates that species-accuracy achieves 90% for highly-represented species containing an average of 8 strains. We demonstrate that such a tool can be used on the Sargasso Sea dataset, and our analysis shows that NBC can be further enhanced.

Acute viral respiratory infections among children in MERS-endemic Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2012-2013.

Science.gov (United States)

Fagbo, Shamsudeen F; Garbati, Musa A; Hasan, Rami; AlShahrani, Dayel; Al-Shehri, Mohamed; AlFawaz, Tariq; Hakawi, Ahmed; Wani, Tariq Ahmad; Skakni, Leila

2017-02-01

The emergence of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in Saudi Arabia has intensified focus on Acute Respiratory Infections [ARIs]. This study sought to identify respiratory viruses (RVs) associated with ARIs in children presenting at a tertiary hospital. Children (aged ≤13) presenting with ARI between January 2012 and December 2013 tested for 15 RVs using the Seeplex R RV15 kit were retrospectively included. Epidemiological data was retrieved from patient records. Of the 2235 children tested, 61.5% were ≤1 year with a male: female ratio of 3:2. Viruses were detected in 1364 (61.02%) children, 233 (10.4%) having dual infections: these viruses include respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (24%), human rhinovirus (hRV) (19.7%), adenovirus (5.7%), influenza virus (5.3%), and parainfluenzavirus-3 (4.6%). Children, aged 9-11 months, were most infected (60.9%). Lower respiratory tract infections (55.4%) were significantly more than upper respiratory tract infection (45.3%) (P < 0.001). Seasonal variation of RV was directly and inversely proportional to relative humidity and temperature, respectively, for non MERS coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, and OC43). The study confirms community-acquired RV associated with ARI in children and suggests modulating roles for abiotic factors in RV epidemiology. However, community-based studies are needed to elucidate how these factors locally influence RV epidemiology. J. Med. Virol. 89:195-201, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Les ouvrages pétroliers en mer Offshore Petroleum Structures

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Susbielles G.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Dans la conjoncture actuelle, la situation de l'offshore pétrolier semble plus prometteuse que par un passé récent car, au moins, soixante pays ont des ressources existantes ou possibles. Depuis 1975, la technique pétrolière a continué à progresser mais, surtout dans le domaine du développement des champs. Pour les plates-formes de production en acier, celles des champs de Cognac, Hondo, Ninian et Maureen se distinguent des autres, soit par leur architecture, soit par leurs dimensions. Les plates-formes en béton sont installées, pour la plupart, en mer du Nord, celle du champ de Ninian dépassant toutes les autres en dimensions. Une exception, le Brésil, avec trois plates-formes en eau peu profonde. Pour les champs marginaux, ou pour préciser les caractéristiques d'un gisement découvert, la mise en production se fait à partir de têtes de puits sous-marines, d'un manifold et de liaisons à un ouvrage flottant (plate-forme semi-submersible, tanker. Peu de modifications ont été apportées aux plates-formes semi-submersibles. Seule la plate-forme Sedco 709 est différente des autres car elle est positionnée dynamiquement. Les plus importantes opérations de levage en mer sont assurées par des grues de très forte capacité. La conception des postes de chargement reste le domaine de quelques sociétés. Quant à la pose de pipelines et de conduites, elle a évolué par l'apparition d'ouvrages tels que les barges Castoro VI de Saipem et Apache de Santa Fe et le navire Flexservice 1. Il reste aux ingénieurs à créer des systèmes de développements en mer profonde (au-delà de 500 m de profondeur d'eau. Within the present economic context, the offshore petroleum situation seems more promising than in the recent past because at least sixty countries have existing or possible resources. Since 1975 petroleum technology has continued ta advance, especially in the area of field development. For steel production platforms, the ones on

Modelling air pollution transfers in the Fos-Sur-Mer area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dibi, Niagne Martin

1985-01-01

A 'puff' gaussian model with determined standard deviations based on transfer times of two classes of vertical stability of the atmosphere was developed in order to evaluate the atmospheric dispersion of industrial discharges in the Fos-sur-Mer area. This research was carried out within the framework of a large study for the processing of the data obtained during the measurement campaign organized by the European Communities. The model in its analytic form allows consideration of the main phenomena which modify the puff content during the transfer: reflectance, wet and dry deposition, physical-chemical transformation of the pollutant SO 2 . The model includes the site meteorological parameters measured in three dimensions (wind speed and direction at ground level and in altitude) and the characteristics of the different stacks. It can also calculate pollutions resulting from a short emission or from continuous emissions. Examples are presented. (author) [fr

La haute mer : un espace aux frontières de la recherche géographique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camille Parrain

2012-02-01

Full Text Available La haute mer est un espace encore peu étudié au sein de la géographie. Ses caractéristiques en font un espace complexe et reflètent son altérité. L’océan est un terrain difficile et original permettant de se confronter à l’interdisciplinarité (géographie, océanographie, climatologie, biologie, histoire, économie. Les approches menées au sein de la géographie sont souvent régionales, sectorielles, côtières et appliquées et peu cherchent à s’orienter vers des approches théoriques ou vers la haute mer. Nous ferons ici un état des lieux de la place de l’océan au sein de la géographie et tâcherons d’ouvrir des perspectives de recherche en prenant l’exemple de la navigation à voile et de la notion de territoire en haute mer que nous qualifierons de « merritoire ». Pour le définir, nous proposons d’ouvrir sur les notions de mobilité, discontinuités, réseaux et de paysage marin. Le paysage, reflet de l’interdisciplinarité, apparaît également comme étant une piste pour la gestion de l’espace maritime.The high sea has been little studied within geography. Its characteristics show that it is a complex space and do reflect its alterity. The ocean is a difficult and original fieldwork that invites to be analyzed with interdisciplinary methods (geography, oceanography, climatology, biology, history, economy. The geographical approach has so far mainly been an applied geography and has focused on regional, sectorial and coastal aspects. Few are aiming at theoretical approaches or on the high seas. We will overview the position of the ocean within geography and will try to explore new research perspectives by taking into account sailing and the concept of territory in the high sea that we will define as « maritory ». To define it, we offer to discuss on the terms of mobility, discontinuity, network and seascape. Seascape - example of an interdisciplinary tool- could appear as a method for marine

Tracing Airline Travelers for a Public Health Investigation: Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) Infection in the United States, 2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Regan, Joanna J; Jungerman, M Robynne; Lippold, Susan A; Washburn, Faith; Roland, Efrosini; Objio, Tina; Schembri, Christopher; Gulati, Reena; Edelson, Paul J; Alvarado-Ramy, Francisco; Pesik, Nicki; Cohen, Nicole J

2016-01-01

CDC routinely conducts contact investigations involving travelers on commercial conveyances, such as aircrafts, cargo vessels, and cruise ships. The agency used established systems of communication and partnerships with other federal agencies to quickly provide accurate traveler contact information to states and jurisdictions to alert contacts of potential exposure to two travelers with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) who had entered the United States on commercial flights in April and May 2014. Applying the same process used to trace and notify travelers during routine investigations, such as those for tuberculosis or measles, CDC was able to notify most travelers of their potential exposure to MERS-CoV during the first few days of each investigation. To prevent the introduction and spread of newly emerging infectious diseases, travelers need to be located and contacted quickly.

Identifying immunogenic CD4+ T-cell epitopes of Myeloid cell leukemia 1 using overlapping 20-mer peptides spanning the whole protein

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Woodworth, Joshua S.; Agger, Else Marie; Hansen, Paul Robert

2015-01-01

) small-molecule inhibitors [6] and (iii) peptide inhibitors [7]. In recent years, therapeutic vaccination with synthetic peptides derived from anti-apoptotic proteins such as Mcl-1 has emerged as a promising strategy against hematological cancers. In this study, 34 overlapping 20-mer peptides, spanning...

Comportement du béton à l'eau de mer. Synthèse bibliographique Concrete Behavior in Marine Environment. a Review Paper

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lesage J.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Depuis quelques années, dans l'élaboration de structures destinées à l'exploration et à l'exploitation des hydrocarbures en mer, le choix se porte parfois sur les structures en béton plutôt que sur les structures en acier, en particulier dans les zones difficiles de la mer du Nord. C'est pourquoi il nous a semblé intéressant de faire le point des connaissances actuelles sur le comportement du béton à l'eau de mer. Les problèmes les plus importants se situent au niveau de la zone de marnage, c'est-à-dire la zone où le béton est alternativement immergé. Ils sont de tous ordres : contraintes mécaniques avec érosion et cavitation, action capillaire de l'eau avec alternance d'humidification et de séchage, action du gel et du dégel. Les moyens de lutte ne manquent pas : constructions massives, voire surdimensionnées, résistant au choc, choix des formes, mise en aeuvre soignée d'un béton de qualité riche en ciment, correctement dosé en agrégats, dur, dense, compact, imperméable; introduction dans le béton d'un entraineur d'air pour diminuer les effets du gel. L'utilisation d'un ciment prise mer et le choix d'un rapport eau/ciment voisin de 0,45 sont hautement recommandés. Quant à la corrosion, elle concerne les structures en béton à tous les niveaux, aussi bien dans la zone immergée en continu que dans la zone alternativement immergée. L'attaque du béton par les sulfates contenus dans l'eau de mer conduit à la formation de sels de Candlot qui provoquent une dégradation du béton. Le remède consiste à limiter la teneur en aluminate tricalcique du ciment. L'attaque des aciers de renfort par les chlorures a fait l'objet de nombreuses études: la solution consiste surtout à protéger les aciers par galvanisation ou protection cathodique. D'une manière générale, le béton placé dans ce milieu agressif que constitue l'eau de mer subit des contraintes mécaniques et physicochimiques importantes, mais on sait en g

OPTIMAL REPRESENTATION OF MER SIGNALS APPLIED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF BRAIN STRUCTURES DURING DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

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Hernán Darío Vargas Cardona

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Identification of brain signals from microelectrode recordings (MER is a key procedure during deep brain stimulation (DBS applied in Parkinson’s disease patients. The main purpose of this research work is to identify with high accuracy a brain structure called subthalamic nucleus (STN, since it is the target structure where the DBS achieves the best therapeutic results. To do this, we present an approach for optimal representation of MER signals through method of frames. We obtain coefficients that minimize the Euclidean norm of order two. From optimal coefficients, we extract some features from signals combining the wavelet packet and cosine dictionaries. For a comparison frame with the state of the art, we also process the signals using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT with several mother functions. We validate the proposed methodology in a real data base. We employ simple supervised machine learning algorithms, as the K-Nearest Neighbors classifier (K-NN, a linear Bayesian classifier (LDC and a quadratic Bayesian classifier (QDC. Classification results obtained with the proposed method improves significantly the performance of the DWT. We achieve a positive identification of the STN superior to 97,6%. Identification outcomes achieved by the MOF are highly accurate, as we can potentially get a false positive rate of less than 2% during the DBS.

Carlo Ginzburg: anomaalia viitab normile / intervjueerinud Marek Tamm

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ginzburg, Carlo, 1939-

2014-01-01

Intervjuu itaalia ajaloolase Carlo Ginzburgiga tema raamatu "Ükski saar pole saar : neli pilguheitu inglise kirjandusele globaalsest vaatenurgast" eesti keeles ilmumise puhul. Teos ilmus Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastuses

Pärnumaa väikesaar sai oma traktori / Silvi Kanoshina

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kanoshina, Silvi

2005-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Pärnu Postimees 10. sets, lk. 5. Tõstamaa vald ostis Manija saare rannaniitude korrastamiseks traktori, raha traktori ostmiseks sai vald Euroopa regionaalarengu fondist. Kaart: Manija saar

Stratigraphic position of the rhyolitic in the Upper Rotliegende of the Saar-Nahe-area and the uranium content of the coal-tuff-horizon at the Kornkiste near Schallodenbach/Pfalz (SW Germany)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haneke, J; Gaede, C W [Gewerkschaft Brunhilde, Uetze (Germany, F.R.); Lorenz, V [Mainz Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Geowissenschaften

1979-01-01

The lithostratigraphic sequence of the Upper Rotliegende rocks of the SE-flank of the Palatinate anticline (Saar-Nahe-basin, SW Germany) is described using as index horizons six principal rhyolitic tuff layers (1-VI) and several basic to intermediate lava flows. Coal and bentonite beds are developed at the base of rhyolite tuff III at the Kornkiste near Schallodenbach. In this basal sequence anomalous U/sub 3/O/sub 8/, Cu, Pb, Zn contents have been detected. Cu occurs in part as azurite and malachite. The major amount of the investigated elements appears to occur in form of organic complexes or compounds in the coals. In addition these elements seem to have been absorbed by the bentonite clay minerals. The elements U, Cu, Pb show a clear positive correlation between each other wheres Zn correlators negatively with these elements. The U-Cu-Pb-Zn-enrichment is believed to have been caused by descending aqueous solutions.

10 kohta veel all / Kaido Haagen

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Haagen, Kaido

2014-01-01

Sukeldumiskohti maailmas: Similani saared Tais, Averoy Norras, Tofo Mosambiigis, Punane meri Egiptuses, Sipadani saar Malaisias, Dili Ida-Timoris, Tulamben Balil, Lembeh Indoneesias, Malapascua Filipiinidel, Äntu järved Eestis

A pipeline for the de novo assembly of the Themira biloba (Sepsidae: Diptera) transcriptome using a multiple k-mer length approach.

Science.gov (United States)

Melicher, Dacotah; Torson, Alex S; Dworkin, Ian; Bowsher, Julia H

2014-03-12

The Sepsidae family of flies is a model for investigating how sexual selection shapes courtship and sexual dimorphism in a comparative framework. However, like many non-model systems, there are few molecular resources available. Large-scale sequencing and assembly have not been performed in any sepsid, and the lack of a closely related genome makes investigation of gene expression challenging. Our goal was to develop an automated pipeline for de novo transcriptome assembly, and to use that pipeline to assemble and analyze the transcriptome of the sepsid Themira biloba. Our bioinformatics pipeline uses cloud computing services to assemble and analyze the transcriptome with off-site data management, processing, and backup. It uses a multiple k-mer length approach combined with a second meta-assembly to extend transcripts and recover more bases of transcript sequences than standard single k-mer assembly. We used 454 sequencing to generate 1.48 million reads from cDNA generated from embryo, larva, and pupae of T. biloba and assembled a transcriptome consisting of 24,495 contigs. Annotation identified 16,705 transcripts, including those involved in embryogenesis and limb patterning. We assembled transcriptomes from an additional three non-model organisms to demonstrate that our pipeline assembled a higher-quality transcriptome than single k-mer approaches across multiple species. The pipeline we have developed for assembly and analysis increases contig length, recovers unique transcripts, and assembles more base pairs than other methods through the use of a meta-assembly. The T. biloba transcriptome is a critical resource for performing large-scale RNA-Seq investigations of gene expression patterns, and is the first transcriptome sequenced in this Dipteran family.

"Loomakari" kui uue ühiskonnakorralduse näide / Ernest Truely ; tõlkinud Ulla Juske

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Truely, Ernest

2009-01-01

Sandra Jõgeva kuraatoriprojektist "Loomakari" Tallinna Kunstihoones, avatud 12. aprillini. Kujundaja Tanel Saar. Sandra Jõgeva, Tanel Saare, Anthony Faroux' (Inglismaa), Jenni Juulia Wallinheimo (Soome) ja Kjetil Kauslandi (Norra) töödest

Electronic Publishing Approaches to Curriculum: Videotex, Teletext and Databases.

Science.gov (United States)

Aumente, Jerome

1986-01-01

Describes the Journalism Resources Institute (JRI) of Rutgers University in terms of its administrative organization, computer resources, computer facilities use, involvement in electronic publishing, use of the Dow Jones News/Retrieval Database, curricular options, and professional continuing education. (AYC)

Hõõguv konflikti / Urmas Kiil

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kiil, Urmas

2007-01-01

Aprilli alguses täitus 25 aastat päevast, mil algas relvastatud konflikt Argentina ja Suurbritannia vahel, põhjuseks Falklandi saared. Konflikt kestis 74 päeva. Kaart: Falklandi saared ehk Malviinid

The stratigraphic position of the rhyolitic in the Upper Rotliegende of the Saar-Nahe-area and the uranium content of the coal-tuff-horizont at the Kornkiste near Schallodenbach/Pfalz (SW Germany)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haneke, J.; Gaede, C.W.; Lorenz, V.

1979-01-01

The lithostratigraphic sequence of the Upper Rotliegende rocks of the SE-flank of the Palatinate anticline (Saar-Nahe-basin, SW Germany) is described using as index horizons six principal rhyolitic tuff layers (1-VI) and several basic to intermediate lava flows. Coal and bentonite beds are developed at the base of rhyolite tuff III at the Kornkiste near Schallodenbach. In this basal sequence anomalous U 3 O 8 , Cu, Pb, Zn contents have been detected. Cu occurs in part as azurite and malachite. The major amount of the investigated elements appears to occur in form of organic complexes or compounds in the coals. In addition these elements seem to have been absorbed by the bentonite clay minerals. The elements U, Cu, Pb show a clear positive correlation between each other wheres Zn correlators negatively with these elements. The U-Cu-Pb-Zn-enrichment is believed to have been caused by descending aqueous solutions. (orig.) [de

Les experiències artístiques en l'espai públic. Art efímer com a catàlisi de la vida urbana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucila Urda Peña

2016-06-01

Full Text Available L'art efímer urbà, com a corrent d'expressió de pensament col·lectiu és una font de generació de projectes comunitaris en què els ciutadans poden recuperar "l'experiència de ciutat". La profusió de diverses manifestacions d'art efímer en ciutats de tot el món des de començaments del segle XXI està tenint conseqüències en l'espai urbà tant a nivell local com a nivell global. Una d'elles és la transformació del paisatge urbà, cada vegada més considerat com a escenari visible en projectes de regeneració urbana. A més de la transformació física també es produeixen canvis en les dinàmiques urbanes ja que els efectes de les intervencions tenen conseqüències més enllà dels canvis d'imatge. Els efectes socioeconòmics locals o fins i tot globals de les transformacions lligades a l'art efímer són cada vegada més evidents. Aquest article relata l'origen i desenvolupament de diverses manifestacions artístiques urbanes i reflexiona sobre les seves conseqüències en la vida urbana com a eina de transformació física i social.

Strategy and technology to prevent hospital-acquired infections: Lessons from SARS, Ebola, and MERS in Asia and West Africa

OpenAIRE

Rajakaruna, Sanjeewa Jayachandra; Liu, Wen-Bin; Ding, Yi-Bo; Cao, Guang-Wen

2017-01-01

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are serious problems for healthcare systems, especially in developing countries where public health infrastructure and technology for infection preventions remain undeveloped. Here, we characterized how strategy and technology could be mobilized to improve the effectiveness of infection prevention and control in hospitals during the outbreaks of Ebola, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Asia and West Afr...

Evolution of hut access facing glacier shrinkage in the Mer de Glace basin (Mont Blanc massif, France)

Science.gov (United States)

Mourey, Jacques; Ravanel, Ludovic

2016-04-01

Given the evolution of high mountain environment due to global warming, mountaineering routes and huts accesses are more and more strongly affected by glacial shrinkage and concomitant gravity processes, but almost no studies have been conducted on this relationship. The aim of this research is to describe and explain the evolution over the last century of the access to the five alpine huts around the Mer de Glace glacier (Mont Blanc massif), the larger French glacier (length = 11.5 km, area = 30 km²), a major place for Alpine tourism since 1741 and the birthplace of mountaineering, by using several methods (comparing photographs, surveying, collecting historical documents). While most of the 20th century shows no marked changes, loss of ice thickness and associated erosion of lateral moraines generate numerous and significant changes since the 1990s. Boulder falls, rockfalls and landslides are the main geomorphological processes that affect the access, while the glacier surface lowering makes access much longer and more unstable. The danger is then greatly increased and the access must be relocated and/or equipped more and more frequently (e.g. a total of 520 m of ladders has been added). This questions the future accessibility to the huts, jeopardizing an important part of mountaineering and its linked economy in the Mer de Glace area.

Observations on the Morphology, Pollination and Cultivation of Coco de Mer (Lodoicea maldivica (J F Gmel.) Pers., Palmae)

OpenAIRE

Blackmore, Stephen; Chin, See-Chung; Chong Seng, Lindsay; Christie, Frieda; Inches, Fiona; Winda Utami, Putri; Watherston, Neil; Wortley, Alexandra H.

2012-01-01

We present a range of observations on the reproductive morphology, pollination biology and cultivation of Lodoicea maldivica (coco de mer), an endangered species with great ecological, economic and cultural importance. We review the history of study of this charismatic species. Morphological studies of the male inflorescence indicate its importance as a year-round food source to the Seychelles fauna. In situ observations suggest a number of potential biotic and abiotic pollination mechanisms ...

Alberta's GESE and place name researchers from Estonia / foto: Helgi Leesment

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

esimestest eestlastest Kanadasse väljarändajatest Hendrik Kingsepast ja Ott Kängsepast (Horma Ottist), tema hauakivi loost ning eesti nimeuurijate Evar Saare, Mariko Fasteri ja Evo Saare külaskäigust Kanadasse

How Do the First Days Count? A Case Study of Qatar Experience in Emergency Risk Communication during the MERS-CoV Outbreak.

Science.gov (United States)

Nour, Mohamed; Alhajri, Mohd; Farag, Elmoubasher A B A; Al-Romaihi, Hamad E; Al-Thani, Mohamed; Al-Marri, Salih; Savoia, Elena

2017-12-19

This case study is the first to be developed in the Middle East region to document what happened during the response to the 2013 MERS outbreak in Qatar. It provides a description of key epidemiologic events and news released from a prime daily newspaper and main Emergency Risk Communication (ERC) actions that were undertaken by public health authorities. Using the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) theoretical framework, the study analyzes how the performed ERC strategies during the first days of the outbreak might have contributed to the outbreak management. MERS-CoV related events were chronologically tracked, together with the relevant stories that were published in a major newspaper over the course of three distinct phases of the epidemic. The collected media stories were then assessed against the practiced emergency risk communication (ERC) activities during the same time frame. The Crisis & Emergency Risk Communication (CERC) framework was partially followed during the early days of the MERS-CoV epidemic, which were characterized by overwhelming uncertainty. The SCH's commitment to a proactive and open risk communication strategy since day one, contributed to creating the SCH's image as a credible source of information and allowed for the quick initiation of the overall response efforts. Yet, conflicting messages and over reassurance were among the observed pitfalls of the implemented ERC strategy. The adoption of CERC principles can help restore and maintain the credibility of responding agencies. Further work is needed to develop more rigorous and comprehensive research strategies that address sharing of information by mainstream as well as social media for a more accurate assessment of the impact of the ERC strategy.

Synthesis and characterization of technetium(III) complexes with nitrogen heterocycles by O atom transfer from oxotechnetium(V) cores. Crystal structures of mer-[Cl3(pic)3Tc] and mer-[Cl3(pic)(PMe2Ph)2Tc] (pic = 4-picoline). Electrochemical parameters fore the reduction of TcII, TcIII, and TcIV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lu, Jun; Yamano, Akahito; Clarke, M.J.

1990-01-01

The combination of pyridine ligands, (OCl 4 Tc) - , and O atom acceptors of different cone angles, such as PMe 2 Ph or PPh 3 , results in Tc III complexes that vary in the coordination of the phosphine ligand. The compounds mer[Cl 3 (4-picoline) 3 Tc] and mer-(Cl 3 (4-picoline)(PMe 2 Ph) 2 Tc) have been obtained in good yield and have been characterized spectroscopically and by single-crystal x-ray diffraction. The crystal structure data are reported. Linear correlations of technetium reduction potentials in DMF with electrochemical ligand additivity parameters (E L 's) have been obtained for the Tc II,I , Tc III,II , and Tc IV,III couples. The slope and intercept (S M , I M ) pairs for each technetium oxidation-reduction couple, respectively, are (1.39, -2.07), (1.29, -0.91), and (1.00, 0.65). 32 refs., 3 figs., 6 tabs

ASHIQ OMER IN THE MODERN CRIMEAN TATAR LITERATURE MODERN KIRIM-TATAR EDEBİYATINDA ÂŞIK ÖMER

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emek ÜŞENMEZ

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Ashiq Omer is a bard of the 17th century. Researches that have been made lately new perspectives about his origin and the literary circle he is a member of most of the works produced in Turkey claim that he is from Gozleve (Qorualan, a small town in Qonya whereas works produced abroad claim him to be from Kezlev (Gezleve in Crimea. Therefore two different literary circles Turkey anda Crimea emerge.This article aims to compare and contrast the works on Ashiq Omer. Works produced about Ashiq Omer the contemporary Crimean Tatar literatüre and his influence on the so-called literary tradition are discussed Âşık Ömer 17. Yüzyıl saz şairlerindendir. Son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalarda Âşık Ömer’in nereli ve hangi edebî muhite dâhil olduğu konusunda farklı görüşler ortaya konulmuştur. Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmaların çoğunda Âşık Ömer’in Konya’nın Hadim ilçesine bağlı Gözleve (Korualan kasabasından olduğu kesin bir dille ifade edilirken yurtdışında yapılan çalışmalarda ise onun Kırım’ın Kezlev (Gezleve şehrinden olduğu söylenmektedir. Bu durumda Kırım ve Türkiye olmak üzere iki farklı edebî muhit ortaya çıkmaktadır.Bu çalışmada öncelikle Âşık Ömer hakkında söylenilenler ve yapılan çalışmalar mukayeseli olarak ortaya konulmuştur. Çağdaş Kırım Tatar edebiyatında Âşık Ömer üzerine yapılan çalışmalar ele alınıp onun modern Kırım Tatar edebiyatına olan etkisi üzerinde durulmuştur.

Seasonal Water Transport in the Atmosphere of Mars: Applications of a Mars General Circulation Model Using Mars Global Surveyor Data

Science.gov (United States)

Hollingsworth, Jeffery L.; Bridger, Alison F. C.; Haberle, Robert M.

1999-01-01

This is a Final Report for a Joint Research Interchange (JRI) between NASA Ames Research Center and San Jose State University, Department of Meteorology. We present below a summary of progress made during the duration of this JRI. The focus of this JRI has been to investigate seasonal water vapor transport in the atmosphere of Mars and its effects on the planet's present climate. To this end, the primary task has been to adapt a new dynamical processor for the adiabatic tendencies of the atmospheric circulation into the NASA Ames Mars general circulation model (MGCM). Using identical boundary and initial conditions, several comparative tests between the new and old MGCMs have been performed and the nature of the simulated circulations have been diagnosed. With confidence that the updated version of the Ames MGCM produces quite similar mean and eddy circulation statistics, the new climate model is well poised as a tool to pursue fundamental questions related to the spatial and seasonal variations of atmospheric water vapor on Mars, and to explore exchanges of water with non-atmospheric reservoirs and transport within its atmosphere. In particular, the role of surface sources and sinks can be explored, the range of water-vapor saturation altitudes can be investigated, and plausible precipitation mechanisms can be studied, for a range of atmospheric dust loadings. Such future investigations can contribute to a comprehensive study of surface inventories, exchange mechanisms, and the relative importance of atmospheric transport Mars' water cycle. A listing of presentations made and manuscripts submitted during the course of this project is provided.

Pol II promoter prediction using characteristic 4-mer motifs: a machine learning approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shoyaib Mohammad

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Eukaryotic promoter prediction using computational analysis techniques is one of the most difficult jobs in computational genomics that is essential for constructing and understanding genetic regulatory networks. The increased availability of sequence data for various eukaryotic organisms in recent years has necessitated for better tools and techniques for the prediction and analysis of promoters in eukaryotic sequences. Many promoter prediction methods and tools have been developed to date but they have yet to provide acceptable predictive performance. One obvious criteria to improve on current methods is to devise a better system for selecting appropriate features of promoters that distinguish them from non-promoters. Secondly improved performance can be achieved by enhancing the predictive ability of the machine learning algorithms used. Results In this paper, a novel approach is presented in which 128 4-mer motifs in conjunction with a non-linear machine-learning algorithm utilising a Support Vector Machine (SVM are used to distinguish between promoter and non-promoter DNA sequences. By applying this approach to plant, Drosophila, human, mouse and rat sequences, the classification model has showed 7-fold cross-validation percentage accuracies of 83.81%, 94.82%, 91.25%, 90.77% and 82.35% respectively. The high sensitivity and specificity value of 0.86 and 0.90 for plant; 0.96 and 0.92 for Drosophila; 0.88 and 0.92 for human; 0.78 and 0.84 for mouse and 0.82 and 0.80 for rat demonstrate that this technique is less prone to false positive results and exhibits better performance than many other tools. Moreover, this model successfully identifies location of promoter using TATA weight matrix. Conclusion The high sensitivity and specificity indicate that 4-mer frequencies in conjunction with supervised machine-learning methods can be beneficial in the identification of RNA pol II promoters comparative to other methods. This

Enjeux de la gestion des espèces exotiques envahissantes dans les milieux d'eau douce en outre-mer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

SOUBEYRAN, Yohann

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Les milieux aquatiques d’eau douce en outre-mer ne sont pas épargnés par les espèces exotiques envahissantes. Ces espèces ont des impacts négatifs, avérés ou potentiels, importants. Diverses actions sont mises en œuvre tant sur le plan national que local pour mieux les gérer, mais de nombreux défis restent encore à relever.

Parandada püksipõlve augu väljalõikamise teel / Jaak Tomberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tomberg, Jaak, 1980-

2010-01-01

Arvustus: Saar, Anti. Kuidas sa ära läksid ja mina maha jäin : [jutud]. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2006 ; Saar, Anti. Nemad kaks : [lühiromaan]. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2008 ; Tekste siledast ruumist : [jutud]. Tallinn : Eesti Keele Sihtasutus, 2009

Arvamus Ruhnu liiklusest ja tegelikkus / Toomas Kasemaa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kasemaa, Toomas, 1968-

2009-01-01

Saare maavanema sõnul on Ruhnul turismi arenguks vajalikud samad reeglid, mis kehtivad ülejäänud Eestis, Euroopas ja maailmas. Turismi arendamiseks peab tegema turundust sihtrühmade juures, tagama koos reisikorraldajatega saare majutuskohtade ja teenuste müügi

Kõrgeimad tipud on kättesaadavad vaid valituile / Nils Niitra

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Niitra, Nils, 1975-

2006-01-01

Tartu linnavalitsuse planeeringuteenistuse ja volikogu arengu- ja planeerimiskomisjoni erinevast suhtumisest ehitusfirmade Linnaehitus ja Lion House ehitusplaanidesse püstitada kõrghooneid. Vt. samas: Jüri Saare intervjuud endise abilinnapea Kaarel Sahaga: Tigutorn lisandub mitmete õigusvastaste ehitiste ritta; Jüri Saar. Linnavolinikud toimuvaga rahul

A newly designed 45 to 60 mer oligonucleotide Agilent platform microarray for global gene expression studies of Synechocystis PCC6803: example salt stress experiment

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Aguirre von Wobeser, E.; Huisman, J.; Ibelings, B.; Matthijs, H.C.P.; Matthijs, H.C.P.

2005-01-01

A newly designed 45 to 60 mer oligonucleotide Agilent platform microarray for global gene expression studies of Synechocystis PCC6803: example salt stress experiment Eneas Aguirre-von-Wobeser 1, Jef Huisman1, Bas Ibelings2 and Hans C.P. Matthijs1 1 Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The

Water on Mars: Evidence from MER Mission Results

Science.gov (United States)

Landis, Geoffrey A.

2004-01-01

The Viking and the Mars Exploration Rover missions observed that the surface of Mars is encrusted by a thinly cemented layer, or "duricrust". Elemental analyzes at five sites on Mars show that these soils have sulfur content and chlorine content consistent with the presence of sulfates and halides as mineral cements. The soil is highly enriched in the salt-forming elements compared with rock. Analysis of the soil cementation indicates some features which may be evidence of liquid water. At both MER sites, duricrust textures revealed by the Microscopic Imager show features including the presence of fine sand-sized grains, some of which may be aggregates of fine silt and clay, surrounded by a pervasive light colored material that is associated with microtubular structures and networks of microfractures. Stereo views of undisturbed duricrust surfaces reveal rugged microrelief between 2-3 mm and minimal loose material. Comparisons of microscopic images of duricrust soils obtain before and after placement of the Mossbauer spectrometer indicate differing degrees of compaction and cementation. Two models of a transient water hypothesis are offered, a "top down" hypothesis that emphasizes the surface deposition of frost, melting and downward migration of liquid water and a "bottom up" alternative that proposes the presence of interstitial ice/brine, with the upward capillary migration of liquid water. The viability of both of these models ultimately hinges on the availability of seasonally transient liquid water for brief periods.

Redefining Tactical Operations for MER Using Cloud Computing

Science.gov (United States)

Joswig, Joseph C.; Shams, Khawaja S.

2011-01-01

The Mars Exploration Rover Mission (MER) includes the twin rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, which have been performing geological research and surface exploration since early 2004. The rovers' durability well beyond their original prime mission (90 sols or Martian days) has allowed them to be a valuable platform for scientific research for well over 2000 sols, but as a by-product it has produced new challenges in providing efficient and cost-effective tactical operational planning. An early stage process adaptation was the move to distributed operations as mission scientists returned to their places of work in the summer of 2004, but they would still came together via teleconference and connected software to plan rover activities a few times a week. This distributed model has worked well since, but it requires the purchase, operation, and maintenance of a dedicated infrastructure at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This server infrastructure is costly to operate and the periodic nature of its usage (typically heavy usage for 8 hours every 2 days) has made moving to a cloud based tactical infrastructure an extremely tempting proposition. In this paper we will review both past and current implementations of the tactical planning application focusing on remote plan saving and discuss the unique challenges present with long-latency, distributed operations. We then detail the motivations behind our move to cloud based computing services and as well as our system design and implementation. We will discuss security and reliability concerns and how they were addressed

Conceptual Design and Architecture of Mars Exploration Rover (MER) for Seismic Experiments Over Martian Surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Garg, Akshay; Singh, Amit

2012-07-01

Keywords: MER, Mars, Rover, Seismometer Mars has been a subject of human interest for exploration missions for quite some time now. Both rover as well as orbiter missions have been employed to suit mission objectives. Rovers have been preferentially deployed for close range reconnaissance and detailed experimentation with highest accuracy. However, it is essential to strike a balance between the chosen science objectives and the rover operations as a whole. The objective of this proposed mechanism is to design a vehicle (MER) to carry out seismic studies over Martian surface. The conceptual design consists of three units i.e. Mother Rover as a Surrogate (Carrier) and Baby Rovers (two) as seeders for several MEMS-based accelerometer / seismometer units (Nodes). Mother Rover can carry these Baby Rovers, having individual power supply with solar cells and with individual data transmission capabilities, to suitable sites such as Chasma associated with Valles Marineris, Craters or Sand Dunes. Mother rover deploys these rovers in two opposite direction and these rovers follow a triangulation pattern to study shock waves generated through firing tungsten carbide shells into the ground. Till the time of active experiments Mother Rover would act as a guiding unit to control spatial spread of detection instruments. After active shock experimentation, the babies can still act as passive seismometer units to study and record passive shocks from thermal quakes, impact cratering & landslides. Further other experiments / payloads (XPS / GAP / APXS) can also be carried by Mother Rover. Secondary power system consisting of batteries can also be utilized for carrying out further experiments over shallow valley surfaces. The whole arrangement is conceptually expected to increase the accuracy of measurements (through concurrent readings) and prolong life cycle of overall experimentation. The proposed rover can be customised according to the associated scientific objectives and further

Maailmaränduri märkmeid. Mis jääb meelde? / Zoja Raskasov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raskasov, Zoja, 1918-2002

1980-01-01

Mõnerealised tähelepanekud kohtadest, kus autor reisinud - Türgi, Iisrael, Pärsia, India, Tseilon, Nepaal, Hong-Kong, Bangkok, Singapur, Jaava, Austraalia, Bali, Tansaania, Egiptus, Tuneesia, Maroko. Kanaari saared, Madeira, Mehhiko, USA, Kanada, Hispaania, Portugal, Malta, Vahemeremaad, Austria, Šveits, Holland, Briti saar, Põhjamaad

Pikk-kääbaste tähendusest : Rõsna küla kääbaskalmistute materjali alusel / Mare Aun, Raili Allmäe, Liina Maldre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aun, Mare, 1939-

2008-01-01

Käsitletakse pikk-kääbaste tähendust Pihkva järve läänekaldal asuvate Rõsna-Saare I, Rõsna-Saare II ja Suure-Rõsna esimese aastatuhande teise poole põletusmatustega kääbaskalmistute arheoloogilise ning osteoloogilise materjali uurimise alusel

Retraction. Linger RMA, DeRyckere D, Brandao L, Sawczyn KK, Jacobsen KM, Liang X, Keating AK, Graham DK. Mer receptor tyrosine kinase is a novel therapeutic target in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2009;114(13):2678-2687.

Science.gov (United States)

2012-08-16

The authors retract the 24 September 2009 article cited above, prepublished on 30 July 2009. They have recently learned that some of the cell lines used in their paper were inadvertently misidentified. Although the parental 697 and REH cell lines used to generate the Mer knockdown lines were authenticated by short tandem repeat (STR) analysis before publication, the transduced progeny were not analyzed until recently. The results of STR analysis indicate that the 697 shMer1A and 697 shMer1B cell lines are actually derived from the REH parental cell line. Importantly, the identities of the other 6 REH and 697 cell lines published in this study have been verified as authentic.Since this unfortunate discovery, the authors have generated new 697 Mer knockdown cell lines and authenticated their identity. These new cell lines are being used to replicate the original work. Data obtained to date support the overall findings and conclusions of the original report; these data will be described in a new manuscript. The authors sincerely apologize to the readers, reviewers, and editors of Blood for making this honest mistake.

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV viral shedding in the respiratory tract: an observational analysis with infection control implications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ziad A. Memish

2014-12-01

Conclusions: Contacts cleared MERS-CoV earlier than ill patients. This finding could be related to the types of sample as well as the types of patient studied. More ill patients with significant comorbidities shed the virus for a significantly longer time. The results of this study could have critical implications for infection control guidance and its application in healthcare facilities handling positive cases.

Sirbi sari kahe lugupeetud isanda võrra rikkam / Jaak Urmet

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Urmet, Jaak, 1979-

2004-01-01

Sarjas "Sirbi raamat" ilmusid Johannes Saare ja Ervin Õunapuu esseekogumikud: Õunapuu, Ervin. Öövöö ; déja-vu 1985-2004 ; Saar, Johannes. Päevast päeva : pildikesi ühe rahvusmütoloogia lagunemisest aastail 1993-2004 (Tallinn : Sihtasutus Kultuurileht Sirp, 2004)

Vändra kandis kasvab arbuus ja melon / Liina Siniveer

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Siniveer, Liina

2006-01-01

Vt. ka Postimees : na russkom jazõke 21. juuli lk. 8. Pärnumaa Saare ja Tõrvaaugu talu peremehed Aivar Saar ja Harri Poom tegelevad lisaks maasikakasvatusele ning viljapuuistikute müügile ka eksootiliste viljade - arbuuside, melonite, aprikooside ja viinamarjade - kasvatamisega. Kaart: Lüüste küla

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) RNA and neutralising antibodies in milk collected according to local customs from dromedary camels, Qatar, April 2014

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reusken, C B; Farag, E A; Jonges, M; Godeke, G J; El-Sayed, A M; Pas, S D; Raj, V S; Mohran, K A; Moussa, H A; Ghobashy, H; Alhajri, F; Ibrahim, A K; Bosch, B J; Pasha, S K; Al-Romaihi, H E; Al-Thani, M; Al-Marri, S A; AlHajri, M M; Haagmans, B L; Koopmans, M P

2014-01-01

Antibodies to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) were detected in serum and milk collected according to local customs from 33 camels in Qatar, April 2014. At one location, evidence for active virus shedding in nasal secretions and/or faeces was observed for 7/12 camels; viral

“Don’t forget the migrants”: exploring preparedness and response strategies to combat the potential spread of MERS-CoV virus through migrant workers in Sri Lanka [v1; ref status: indexed, http://f1000r.es/1hs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kolitha Wickramage

2013-07-01

Full Text Available From September 2012 to July 2013, 81 laboratory-confirmed cases of infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV, including 45 deaths (a case fatality ratio of 55% have been reported from eight countries. Human-to-human transmission is now confirmed showing potential for another pandemic of zoonotic disease, with an extremely high mortality rate. Effective surveillance strategies are required in countries with a high influx of migrants from the Middle East to mitigate the probable importation of MERS-CoV. We discuss here the risk of MERS-CoV in major labor sending countries and list the probable strategies for control and prevention of MERS-CoV using Sri Lanka as an example. It is conservatively estimated that 10% of Sri Lanka’s population work as international labor migrants (1.8 to 2 million workers, with 93% residing in the Middle East. An average of 720 workers depart each day, with the majority of these workers (71% departing to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (the country with 81.5% of total MERS-CoV cases. We also describe other inbound migration categories such as tourists and resident visa holders relevant to the context of preparedness and planning. The importance of partnerships between public health authorities at national and regional levels with labor migration networks to establish institutional and/or policy mechanisms are highlighted for ensuring effective preparedness and response planning. Strategies that can be taken by public health authorities working in both labor sending and labor receiving counties are also described.  The strategies described here may be useful for other labor sending country contexts in Asia with a high frequency and volume of migrant workers to and from the Gulf region.

A k-mer-based barcode DNA classification methodology based on spectral representation and a neural gas network.

Science.gov (United States)

Fiannaca, Antonino; La Rosa, Massimo; Rizzo, Riccardo; Urso, Alfonso

2015-07-01

In this paper, an alignment-free method for DNA barcode classification that is based on both a spectral representation and a neural gas network for unsupervised clustering is proposed. In the proposed methodology, distinctive words are identified from a spectral representation of DNA sequences. A taxonomic classification of the DNA sequence is then performed using the sequence signature, i.e., the smallest set of k-mers that can assign a DNA sequence to its proper taxonomic category. Experiments were then performed to compare our method with other supervised machine learning classification algorithms, such as support vector machine, random forest, ripper, naïve Bayes, ridor, and classification tree, which also consider short DNA sequence fragments of 200 and 300 base pairs (bp). The experimental tests were conducted over 10 real barcode datasets belonging to different animal species, which were provided by the on-line resource "Barcode of Life Database". The experimental results showed that our k-mer-based approach is directly comparable, in terms of accuracy, recall and precision metrics, with the other classifiers when considering full-length sequences. In addition, we demonstrate the robustness of our method when a classification is performed task with a set of short DNA sequences that were randomly extracted from the original data. For example, the proposed method can reach the accuracy of 64.8% at the species level with 200-bp fragments. Under the same conditions, the best other classifier (random forest) reaches the accuracy of 20.9%. Our results indicate that we obtained a clear improvement over the other classifiers for the study of short DNA barcode sequence fragments. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Velocity Models of the Upper Mantle Beneath the MER, Somali Platform, and Ethiopian Highlands from Body Wave Tomography

Science.gov (United States)

Hariharan, A.; Keranen, K. M.; Alemayehu, S.; Ayele, A.; Bastow, I. D.; Eilon, Z.

2016-12-01

The Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) presents a unique opportunity to improve our understanding of an active continental rift. Here we use body wave tomography to generate compressional and shear wave velocity models of the region beneath the rift. The models help us understand the rifting process over the broader region around the MER, extending the geographic region beyond that captured in past studies. We use differential arrival times of body waves from teleseismic earthquakes and multi-channel cross correlation to generate travel time residuals relative to the global IASP91 1-d velocity model. The events used for the tomographic velocity model include 200 teleseismic earthquakes with moment magnitudes greater than 5.5 from our recent 2014-2016 deployment in combination with 200 earthquakes from the earlier EBSE and EAGLE deployments (Bastow et al. 2008). We use the finite-frequency tomography analysis of Schmandt et al. (2010), which uses a first Fresnel zone paraxial approximation to the Born theoretical kernel with spatial smoothing and model norm damping in an iterative LSQR algorithm. Results show a broad, slow region beneath the rift with a distinct low-velocity anomaly beneath the northwest shoulder. This robust and well-resolved low-velocity anomaly is visible at a range of depths beneath the Ethiopian plateau, within the footprint of Oligocene flood basalts, and near surface expressions of diking. We interpret this anomaly as a possible plume conduit, or a low-velocity finger rising from a deeper, larger plume. Within the rift, results are consistent with previous work, exhibiting rift segmentation and low-velocities beneath the rift valley.

78 FR 61949 - Order Relating to Afshin (“Sean”) Naghibi

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-08

... arrangement to pay UMI, and would send payment to BVBA or Raytec, which then transferred Taban Saar's funds to... ordered by Taban Saar, via Belgium, from UMI. Because there was a discrepancy between the amount of the... used the same arrangement to pay UMI, and would send payment to BVBA or Raytec, which then transferred...

MER5101, a novel Aβ1-15:DT conjugate vaccine, generates a robust anti-Aβ antibody response and attenuates Aβ pathology and cognitive deficits in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Bin; Frost, Jeffrey L; Sun, Jing; Fu, Hongjun; Grimes, Stephen; Blackburn, Peter; Lemere, Cynthia A

2013-04-17

Active amyloid-β (Aβ) immunotherapy is under investigation to prevent or treat early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In 2002, a Phase II clinical trial (AN1792) was halted due to meningoencephalitis in ∼6% of the AD patients, possibly caused by a T-cell-mediated immunological response. Thus, generating a vaccine that safely generates high anti-Aβ antibody levels in the elderly is required. In this study, MER5101, a novel conjugate of Aβ1-15 peptide (a B-cell epitope fragment) conjugated to an immunogenic carrier protein, diphtheria toxoid (DT), and formulated in a nanoparticular emulsion-based adjuvant, was administered to 10-month-old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (Wt) mice. High anti-Aβ antibody levels were observed in both vaccinated APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Tg and Wt mice. Antibody isotypes were mainly IgG1 and IgG2b, suggesting a Th2-biased response. Restimulation of splenocytes with the Aβ1-15:DT conjugate resulted in a strong proliferative response, whereas proliferation was absent after restimulation with Aβ1-15 or Aβ1-40/42 peptides, indicating a cellular immune response against DT while avoiding an Aβ-specific T-cell response. Moreover, significant reductions in cerebral Aβ plaque burden, accompanied by attenuated microglial activation and increased synaptic density, were observed in MER5101-vaccinated APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Tg mice compared with Tg adjuvant controls. Last, MER5101-immunized APPswe/PS1ΔE9 Tg mice showed improvement of cognitive deficits in both contextual fear conditioning and the Morris water maze. Our novel, highly immunogenic Aβ conjugate vaccine, MER5101, shows promise for improving Aβ vaccine safety and efficacy and therefore, may be useful for preventing and/or treating early AD.

Gliadin Fragments and a Specific Gliadin 33-mer Peptide Close KATP Channels and Induce Insulin Secretion in INS-1E Cells and Rat Islets of Langerhans

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dall, Morten; Calloe, Kirstine; Haupt-Jorgensen, Martin

2013-01-01

. A similar effect was observed in isolated rat islets (1.6-fold increase). In INS-1E cells, diazoxide reduced the stimulatory effect of gliadin digest. Additionally, gliadin digest was shown to decrease current through KATP-channels. A specific gliadin 33-mer had a similar effect, both on current and insulin...

Travel-related MERS-CoV cases: An assessment of exposures and risk factors in a group of Dutch travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, May 2014

NARCIS (Netherlands)

E.B. Fanoy (Ewout B.); M.A.B. van der Sande (Marianne); M. Kraaij-Dirkzwager (Marleen); K. Dirksen (Kees); M. Jonges (Marcel); W. van der Hoek (Wim); M.P.G. Koopmans D.V.M. (Marion); D.V. Werf (Douwe Vander); G.J.B. Sonder (Gerard); C. van der Weijden (Charlie); J. van der Heuvel (Jet); L.B.S. Gelinck (Luc); J.W. Bouwhuis (Jolande); A.B. van Gageldonk-Lafeber (Rianne)

2014-01-01

markdownabstract__Background:__ In May 2014, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, with closely related viral genomes, was diagnosed in two Dutch residents, returning from a pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). These patients travelled with a

Frost related dieback in Estonian energy plantations of willows in relation to fertilisation and pathogenic bacteria

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cambours, M.A.; Nejad, P. [Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7026, 750 07 Uppsala (Sweden); Heinsoo, K. [Institute of Zoology and Botany, Estonian Agricultural University, Riia 181, 51014 Tartu (Estonia); Granhall, U. [Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala (Sweden)

2006-03-15

Two 9-year old Estonian Salix plantations suffering from dieback were studied: one situated on poor mineral soil and divided into fertilised and unfertilised plots (Saare plantation) and another growing on a well-decomposed and nitrogen-rich organic soil, without fertiliser application (Kambja plantation). Bacteria from internal tissues of visually damaged shoots from seven clones were isolated in spring and autumn. The strains were subsequently biochemically characterised and tested for ice nucleation activity and pathogenicity on Salix. Some strains were also analysed with 16S rRNA. High numbers of culturable bacteria were found, belonging mainly to Erwinia, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas and Xanthomonas spp. Fertilised plots were significantly more colonised by bacteria than unfertilised plots and also more extensively damaged, showing a lower density of living plants after 7 years of culture. More ice nucleation active (INA) strains were found in Saare fertilised plots and at Kambja than in Saare unfertilised plots. Likewise, most pathogenic strains were isolated from Saare fertilised plots and from Kambja. For some of the willow clones studied, dieback appeared to be related to both clonal frost sensitivity and abundance of INA and pathogenic bacteria. The plantations probably suffered from the presence of high amounts of pathogens and from frost related injuries aggravated by INA bacteria. Most probably the fertilisation at Saare and the nitrogen-rich soil at Kambja created a favourable environment for bacterial development and led to high dieback levels after the first harvest. (author)

A folding pathway for betapep-4 peptide 33mer: from unfolded monomers and beta-sheet sandwich dimers to well-structured tetramers.

OpenAIRE

Mayo, K. H.; Ilyina, E.

1998-01-01

It was recently reported that a de novo designed peptide 33mer, betapep-4, can form well-structured beta-sheet sandwich tetramers (Ilyina E, Roongta V, Mayo KH, 1997b, Biochemistry 36:5245-5250). For insight into the pathway of betapep-4 folding, the present study investigates the concentration dependence of betapep-4 self-association by using 1H-NMR pulsed-field gradient (PFG)-NMR diffusion measurements, and circular dichroism. Downfield chemically shifted alphaH resonances, found to arise o...

Tectonique dans la région de la mer de Beaufort (Arctique canadien (résumé Tectonism in the Beaufort Sea - Region of Arctic Canada (Abstract

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mroszczak W. E.

2006-10-01

Full Text Available Le delta de la Mackenzie et la mer de Beaufort qui en sont encore au début de l'exploration, peuvent devenir une région pétrolière majeure dans les années 1980. Ce vaste bassin tertiaire est situé dans un environnement arctique ; il a demandé et nécessitera dans l'avenir de nouvelles technologies pour développer et produire les hydrocarbures si l'exploration est couronnée de succès. L'exploration pour l'huile et le gaz a été active dans cette région depuis 1965 bien que les facteurs climatiques et économiques aient eu tendance à freiner cette exploration, particulièrement en mer. L'auteur présente un bref historique des recherches comprenant les derniers résultats des sondage dans la mer de Beaufort forés par Dome Petroleum et ses partenaires. On discute aussi l'origine des structures en mer, en commentant les données sismiques. La structuration est considérée comme le résultat d'une sédimentation rapide de clastiques au Tertiaire dans un bassin dont le substratum serait formé d'une épaisse série d'argiles sous-compactées d'âge jurassique ou crétacé. The Mackenzie Delta and offshore Beaufort Sea Region which is at a very early stage of exploration, may become a major source of hydrocarbons in the 1980's This large Tertiary basin is situated in an Arctic environment and has required, and will require in the future, new technology to develop and produce hydrocarbons if exploration is successful. Exploration for oil and gas has been active in the area since 1965 with climatic and economic factors contributing ta a slow pace of exploration, particularly in the offshore area. A brief history of exploration with and update of the latest results of drilling in the Beaufort by Dome Petroleum and its partners is presented. Using seismic data, the genesis of structures found in the offshore area is discussed. These are believed to be the result of rapid Tertiary clastic deposition in a basin underlain by a thick section of

Competentie nummer 9 nader bevraagd : wensen en eisen op ICT-gebied die gesteld worden door bank en overheid aan afgestudeerde van de opleiding Bedrijfskund MER van De Haagse Hogeschool

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Agaath Becht

2015-01-01

Dit onderzoek beschrijft een mogelijke match tussen de ictcompetenties van Bedrijfskunde MER-studenten en de wensen en eisen die het werkveld, bank en overheid, aan deze studenten stelt. De aanleiding voor deze studie vormde een recent geformuleerde ict-competentie in het nieuwe

Specific and selective target detection of supra-genome 21 Mers Salmonella via silicon nanowires biosensor

Science.gov (United States)

Mustafa, Mohammad Razif Bin; Dhahi, Th S.; Ehfaed, Nuri. A. K. H.; Adam, Tijjani; Hashim, U.; Azizah, N.; Mohammed, Mohammed; Noriman, N. Z.

2017-09-01

The nano structure based on silicon can be surface modified to be used as label-free biosensors that allow real-time measurements. The silicon nanowire surface was functionalized using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTES), which functions as a facilitator to immobilize biomolecules on the silicon nanowire surface. The process is simple, economical; this will pave the way for point-of-care applications. However, the surface modification and subsequent detection mechanism still not clear. Thus, study proposed step by step process of silicon nano surface modification and its possible in specific and selective target detection of Supra-genome 21 Mers Salmonella. The device captured the molecule with precisely; the approach took the advantages of strong binding chemistry created between APTES and biomolecule. The results indicated how modifications of the nanowires provide sensing capability with strong surface chemistries that can lead to specific and selective target detection.

Leveraging Cloud Computing to Improve Storage Durability, Availability, and Cost for MER Maestro

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, George W.; Powell, Mark W.; Callas, John L.; Torres, Recaredo J.; Shams, Khawaja S.

2012-01-01

The Maestro for MER (Mars Exploration Rover) software is the premiere operation and activity planning software for the Mars rovers, and it is required to deliver all of the processed image products to scientists on demand. These data span multiple storage arrays sized at 2 TB, and a backup scheme ensures data is not lost. In a catastrophe, these data would currently recover at 20 GB/hour, taking several days for a restoration. A seamless solution provides access to highly durable, highly available, scalable, and cost-effective storage capabilities. This approach also employs a novel technique that enables storage of the majority of data on the cloud and some data locally. This feature is used to store the most recent data locally in order to guarantee utmost reliability in case of an outage or disconnect from the Internet. This also obviates any changes to the software that generates the most recent data set as it still has the same interface to the file system as it did before updates

THE PERCEPTION OF OLD AND NEW VALUES IN THE TWO STORIES OF ÖMER SEYFETTİN “BAHAR VE KELEBEKLER” AND “AŞK DALGASI” ÖMER SEYFETTİN’İN “BAHAR VE KELEBEKLER” İLE “AŞK DALGASI” ADLI İKİ HİKÂYESİNDE ESKİ VE YENİ DEĞERLER ALGISI

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gülten BULDUKER

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Ömer Seyfettin, a Pioneer within them ovement of Genç Kalemler, is a distinguished writer with his essay sand stories. He has aimed to write his work swith a pure language and national in an emotional way. The attitude, the post Tanzimat philosophers had taken, with the ideas towards the value judgements, more or less have defined the contents of his works. The writer is in search of new values to shape the society. In this article it has been the main goal toindicate Ömer Seyfettin’s ideas about the old and the modern way of life, and some sort of dilemmas he has been through in Bahar ve Kelebekler and Aşk Dalgası. It is seen that the writer, who believes that maro cilised society can be provided only by breaking hard fanaticism, supports equality of men and women, criticises arranged marriage style, is dreaming of a progressand development Ömer Seyfettin, öncüsü olduğu Genç Kalemler hareketi içerisinde hikâye ve makaleleriyle öne çıkan bir yazardır. Eserlerini sade bir dil ve millî bir duyuş-düşünüşle kaleme almayı amaçlamıştır. Tanzimat sonrası fikir adamlarının “Doğu ve Batı”ya ait değer yargıları karşısındaki düşünceleri ile almış oldukları tavır, az çok onun eserlerinin de muhtevasını belirlemiştir. Yazar, eski gelenek ve göreneklerin önemini yitirmesi durumunda, topluma şekil verecek yeni değerlerin arayışı içerisindedir. Bu makalede Ömer Seyfettin’in Bahar ve Kelebekler ile Aşk Dalgası adlı hikâyelerinde eski ve yeni yaşam tarzı konusundaki düşünceleri ile düştüğü bazı çelişkili durumlar sergilenmeye çalışılmıştır. Daha medenî bir toplum yapısının katı taassupların kırılmasıyla sağlanabileceğine inanan yazarın, kadın-erkek eşitliğini savunduğu, görücü usulünü eleştirdiği; ilim ve fen ışığında bir yükselme, ilerleme hayal ettiği görülmektedir.

[Smoking habits among staff at the Rochefort-sur-Mer Hospital].

Science.gov (United States)

Fougere, B; Underner, M; Ingrand, P; Meurice, J-C

2011-11-01

The aim of the study was to establish an inventory of staff in the hospital who smoked to allow better identification of people at risk and thus develop targeted preventive strategies, which we hoped would be more effective. This survey was conducted at the Rochefort-sur-Mer Hospital in March 2008. The sociodemographic characteristics of the population responding and differences in characteristics between smokers and non-smokers were examined. The level of dependence of smokers and patterns of smoking in the workplace were also evaluated. The results were compared with those of the survey "Baromètre tabac personnel hospitalier 2003". The response rate was 57%, with the study population characterized by a high proportion of women (82%). The proportion of smokers was 29%, similar to that found in the general population (30%) but higher than 24% of the survey of hospital staff Tobacco Barometer 2003. The hospital staff is still weakly dependent on tobacco. The attitude to smoking was strongly linked to socioeconomic group and the domestic staff and health care assistants were most likely to smoke and were also the most dependent. Finally, the hospital has itself become a smoke free environment without tobacco. It is essential to promote measures to prevent smoking among hospital staff taking into account its specific features (high proportion of women). Targeted actions should in particular be conducted amongst the groups of workers who are the most affected. Copyright © 2011 SPLF. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Nutrient availability at Mer Bleue bog measured by PRSTM probes

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, M.; Moore, T. R.; Talbot, J.

2015-12-01

Bogs, covering ~0.7 million km2 in Canada, store a large amount of C and N. As nutrient deficient ecosystems, it's critical to examine the nutrient availabilities and seasonal dynamics. We used Plant Root Simulators (PRSTM) at Mer Bleue bog to provide some baseline data on nutrient availability and its variability. In particular, we focused on ammonium, nitrate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium and potassium, iron, sulphate and aluminum. We placed PRS probes at a depth of 5 - 15 cm in pristine plots and plots with long term N, P and K fertilization for 4 weeks and determined the availability of these nutrients, from spring through to fall. Probes were also placed beneath the water table in hummock and hollow microtopography and along a transect including part of the bog which had been drained through the creation of a ditch 80 years ago. The result showed that there was limited available ammonium, nitrate and phosphate in the bog, the seasonal variation of nutrient availabilities probably due to mineralization, an increase in the availability of some nutrients between different water table depths or as a result of drainage, and the relative availability of nutrients compared to the input from fertilization. We suggest that PRS probes could be a useful tool to examine nutrient availability and dynamics in wetlands, with careful consideration of installing condition, for example, proper exposure period, depth relative to water table etc.

DVD. Kalmer Saar soovitab: "Casanova", "Fellini's Casanova" / Kalmer Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Kalmer

2006-01-01

Kaks DVD-d mängufilmidega seiklejast Giovanni Giacomo Casanovast (1725-1798) : "Casanova", režissöör Lasse Hallström : Ameerika Ühendriigid 1995 ja "Federico Fellini Casanova" : režissöör F. Fellini, Itaalia 1976. Ka filmi lisadest DVD-l

Effects of operational decisions on the diffusion of epidemic disease: A system dynamics modeling of the MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Shin, Nina; Kwag, Taewoo; Park, Sangwook; Kim, Yon Hui

2017-05-21

We evaluated the nosocomial outbreak of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) Coronavirus (CoV) in the Republic of Korea, 2015, from a healthcare operations management perspective. Establishment of healthcare policy in South Korea provides patients' freedom to select and visit multiple hospitals. Current policy enforces hospitals preference for multi-patient rooms to single-patient rooms, to lower financial burden. Existing healthcare systems tragically contributed to 186 MERS outbreak cases, starting from single "index patient" into three generations of secondary infections. By developing a macro-level health system dynamics model, we provide empirical knowledge to examining the case from both operational and financial perspectives. In our simulation, under base infectivity scenario, high emergency room occupancy circumstance contributed to an estimated average of 101 (917%) more infected patients, compared to when in low occupancy circumstance. Economic patient room design showed an estimated 702% increase in the number of infected patients, despite the overall 98% savings in total expected costs compared to optimal room design. This study provides first time, system dynamics model, performance measurements from an operational perspective. Importantly, the intent of this study was to provide evidence to motivate public, private, and government healthcare administrators' recognition of current shortcomings, to optimize performance as a whole system, rather than mere individual aspects. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Glycopeptide Antibiotics Potently Inhibit Cathepsin L in the Late Endosome/Lysosome and Block the Entry of Ebola Virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)*

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Nan; Pan, Ting; Zhang, Junsong; Li, Qianwen; Zhang, Xue; Bai, Chuan; Huang, Feng; Peng, Tao; Zhang, Jianhua; Liu, Chao; Tao, Liang; Zhang, Hui

2016-01-01

Ebola virus infection can cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality in humans. The outbreaks of Ebola viruses in 2014 represented the most serious Ebola epidemics in history and greatly threatened public health worldwide. The development of additional effective anti-Ebola therapeutic agents is therefore quite urgent. In this study, via high throughput screening of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, we identified that teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, potently prevents the entry of Ebola envelope pseudotyped viruses into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, teicoplanin also has an inhibitory effect on transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particles, with an IC50 as low as 330 nm. Comparative analysis further demonstrated that teicoplanin is able to block the entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) envelope pseudotyped viruses as well. Teicoplanin derivatives such as dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin can also inhibit the entry of Ebola, MERS, and SARS viruses. Mechanistic studies showed that teicoplanin blocks Ebola virus entry by specifically inhibiting the activity of cathepsin L, opening a novel avenue for the development of additional glycopeptides as potential inhibitors of cathepsin L-dependent viruses. Notably, given that teicoplanin has routinely been used in the clinic with low toxicity, our work provides a promising prospect for the prophylaxis and treatment of Ebola, MERS, and SARS virus infection. PMID:26953343

HLA Class I Binding 9mer Peptides from Influenza A Virus Induce CD4(+) T Cell Responses

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Wang, M. J.; Larsen, Mette Voldby; Nielsen, Morten

2010-01-01

of the pan-specific anti-HLA class II (HLA-II) antibody IVA12. Blocking of HLA-II subtype reactivity revealed that 8 and 6 peptide responses were blocked by anti-HLA-DR and -DP antibodies, respectively. Peptide reactivity of PBMC depleted of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells prior to the ELISPOT culture revealed...... that effectors are either CD4(+) (the majority of reactivities) or CD8(+) T cells, never a mixture of these subsets. Three of the peptides, recognized by CD4(+) T cells showed binding to recombinant DRA1*0101/DRB1*0401 or DRA1*0101/DRB5*0101 molecules in a recently developed biochemical assay. Conclusions....../Significance: HLA-I binding 9mer influenza virus-derived peptides induce in many cases CD4(+) T cell responses restricted by HLA-II molecules....

Performance optimization of a hybrid micro-grid based on double-loop MPPT and SVC-MERS

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Yewen; Hou, Xilun; Zhang, Xiang; Xiong, Shengnan; Peng, Fei

2018-02-01

With ever-increasing concerns on environmental pollution and energy shortage, the development of renewable resource has attracted a lot of attention. This paper first reviews both the wind and photovoltaic (PV) generation techniques and approaches of micro-grid voltage control. Then, a novel islanded micro-grid, which consists of wind & PV generation and hybrid-energy storage device, is built for application to remote and isolated areas. For the PV power generation branch, a double- maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is developed to trace the sunlight and regulate the tilt angle of PV panels. For wind-power generation branch, squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) is used as its simple structure, robustness and less cost. In order to stabilize the output voltage of SCIGs, a new Static Var Compensator named magnetic energy recovery switch (SVC-MERS) is applied. Finally, experimental results confirm that both of the proposed methods can improve the efficiency of PV power generation and voltage stability of the micro-grid, respectively.

Airborne Hyperspectral Evaluation of Maximum Gross Photosynthesis, Gravimetric Water Content, and CO2 Uptake Efficiency of the Mer Bleue Ombrotrophic Peatland

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

J. Pablo Arroyo-Mora

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Peatlands cover a large area in Canada and globally (12% and 3% of the landmass, respectively. These ecosystems play an important role in climate regulation through the sequestration of carbon dioxide from, and the release of methane to, the atmosphere. Monitoring approaches, required to understand the response of peatlands to climate change at large spatial scales, are challenged by their unique vegetation characteristics, intrinsic hydrological complexity, and rapid changes over short periods of time (e.g., seasonality. In this study, we demonstrate the use of multitemporal, high spatial resolution (1 m2 hyperspectral airborne imagery (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI and Shortwave Airborne Spectrographic Imager (SASI sensors for assessing maximum instantaneous gross photosynthesis (PGmax in hummocks, and gravimetric water content (GWC and carbon uptake efficiency in hollows, at the Mer Bleue ombrotrophic bog. We applied empirical models (i.e., in situ data and spectral indices and we derived spatial and temporal trends for the aforementioned variables. Our findings revealed the distribution of hummocks (51.2%, hollows (12.7%, and tree cover (33.6%, which is the first high spatial resolution map of this nature at Mer Bleue. For hummocks, we found growing season PGmax values between 8 μmol m−2 s−1 and 12 μmol m−2 s−1 were predominant (86.3% of the total area. For hollows, our results revealed, for the first time, the spatial heterogeneity and seasonal trends for gravimetric water content and carbon uptake efficiency for the whole bog.

A compact, in vivo screen of all 6-mers reveals drivers of tissue-specific expression and guides synthetic regulatory element design.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Robin P; Riesenfeld, Samantha J; Holloway, Alisha K; Li, Qiang; Murphy, Karl K; Feliciano, Natalie M; Orecchia, Lorenzo; Oksenberg, Nir; Pollard, Katherine S; Ahituv, Nadav

2013-07-18

Large-scale annotation efforts have improved our ability to coarsely predict regulatory elements throughout vertebrate genomes. However, it is unclear how complex spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression driven by these elements emerge from the activity of short, transcription factor binding sequences. We describe a comprehensive promoter extension assay in which the regulatory potential of all 6 base-pair (bp) sequences was tested in the context of a minimal promoter. To enable this large-scale screen, we developed algorithms that use a reverse-complement aware decomposition of the de Bruijn graph to design a library of DNA oligomers incorporating every 6-bp sequence exactly once. Our library multiplexes all 4,096 unique 6-mers into 184 double-stranded 15-bp oligomers, which is sufficiently compact for in vivo testing. We injected each multiplexed construct into zebrafish embryos and scored GFP expression in 15 tissues at two developmental time points. Twenty-seven constructs produced consistent expression patterns, with the majority doing so in only one tissue. Functional sequences are enriched near biologically relevant genes, match motifs for developmental transcription factors, and are required for enhancer activity. By concatenating tissue-specific functional sequences, we generated completely synthetic enhancers for the notochord, epidermis, spinal cord, forebrain and otic lateral line, and show that short regulatory sequences do not always function modularly. This work introduces a unique in vivo catalog of short, functional regulatory sequences and demonstrates several important principles of regulatory element organization. Furthermore, we provide resources for designing compact, reverse-complement aware k-mer libraries.

A New Capability for Automated Target Selection and Sampling for use with Remote Sensing Instruments on the MER Rovers

Science.gov (United States)

Castano, R.; Estlin, T.; Anderson, R. C.; Gaines, D.; Bornstein, B.; de Granville, C.; Tang, B.; Thompson, D.; Judd, M.

2008-12-01

The Onboard Autonomous Science Investigation System (OASIS) evaluates geologic data gathered by a planetary rover. The system is designed to operate onboard a rover identifying and reacting to serendipitous science opportunities, such as rocks with novel properties. OASIS operates by analyzing data the rover gathers, and then using machine learning techniques, prioritizing the data based on criteria set by the science team. This prioritization can be used to organize data for transmission back to Earth and it can be used to search for specific targets it has been told to find by the science team. If one of these targets is found, it is identified as a new science opportunity and a "science alert" is sent to a planning and scheduling system. After reviewing the rover's current operational status to ensure that it has enough resources to complete its traverse and act on the new science opportunity, OASIS can change the command sequence of the rover in order to obtain additional science measurements. Currently, OASIS is being applied on a new front. OASIS is providing a new rover mission technology that enables targeted remote-sensing science in an automated fashion during or after rover traverses. Currently, targets for remote sensing instruments, especially narrow field-of-view instruments (such as the MER Mini- TES spectrometer or the 2009 MSL ChemCam spectrometer) must be selected manually based on imagery already on the ground with the operations team. OASIS will enable the rover flight software to analyze imagery onboard in order to autonomously select and sequence targeted remote-sensing observations in an opportunistic fashion. We are in the process of scheduling an onboard MER experiment to demonstrate the OASIS capability in early 2009.

Fluvial sedimentary styles and associated depositional environments in the buntsandstein west of river rhine in saar area and pfalz (F.R. Germany) and vosges (France)

Science.gov (United States)

Dachroth, Wolfgang

The Buntsandstein west of river Rhine in Saar area, Pfalz and Vosges consists of three fluvial magnacycles which are characterized by different associated non-alluvial environments. The stratigraphic sequence is divided by several unconformities reflecting tectonic movements which were connected with periods of extension of the depositional area. Two major phases and two minor events are recognized by the evaluation of the Pfalz unconformity and the Lothringen unconformity, and the Leuter unconformity and the Saar unconformity, respectively. The Lower Buntsandstein (including Zechstein) compries the first magnacycle and is built up of alluvial-fan deposits, fluvial braidplain sediments and marine to lagoonal deposits. Some aeolian sands as well as several palaeosols are also present. The palaeolandscape consists of alluvial fans seaming the margin of the basin and fluvial braidplains reaching from the toes of the fan belt to the centre of the depositional area which is occupied by a lagoonal sea that partially evolves into a playa-lake with progressive refreshment. The Middle Buntsandstein comprises the second magnacycle and is composed of an alternation of aeolian Dünnschichten and fluvial Felsbänke. The third facies are alluvial-fan deposits of palaeogeographically restricted distribution along the margins of the basin. The aeolian Dünnschichten originate in the marginal parts of chott-type depressions (in comparison with the recent Chott Djerid in Tunesia) where rising ground water moistens the dry sediments that are laid down on the playa floor and thus allows their enhanced preservation. In dry periods, wind-blown sand is spread out as plane sheets or as migrating wind ripple trains, or accumulates to barchanoid-type dunes that advance across the flat. Depending on supply of sand, all stages of transition between dune fields with only narrow interdune corridors between the ridges and interdune playas with isolated widely-spaced dunes are developed. The

Discovery of Carbonate-Rich Outcrops in the Gusev Crater Columbia Hills by the MER Rover Spirit

Science.gov (United States)

Morris, Richard V.; Ruff, Steven W.; Gellert, Ralf; Ming, Douglas W.; Arvidson, Raymond E.; Clark, Benton C.; Golden, Dadi C.; Siebach, Kirsten L.; Klingelhoefer, Goestar; Schroeder, Christian;

Horaires de travail, sommeil et vigilance chez les marins : quelles incidences sur les risques d’accidents en mer ?

OpenAIRE

Tirilly, Ghislaine

2013-01-01

Depuis les récentes catastrophes maritimes, la question de la sécurité est au cœur des débats dans le domaine maritime. Cependant, les mesures adoptées pour améliorer la sécurité en mer sont essentiellement orientées vers le contrôle des navires, la sécurité de la navigation et la protection du milieu marin (risques de pollution). D’une part, ces mesures sont très lentes à se mettre en place sur le terrain et, d’autre part, la prise en compte de l’homme au travail est quasi absente. Une premi...

Glycopeptide Antibiotics Potently Inhibit Cathepsin L in the Late Endosome/Lysosome and Block the Entry of Ebola Virus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV).

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Nan; Pan, Ting; Zhang, Junsong; Li, Qianwen; Zhang, Xue; Bai, Chuan; Huang, Feng; Peng, Tao; Zhang, Jianhua; Liu, Chao; Tao, Liang; Zhang, Hui

2016-04-22

Ebola virus infection can cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality in humans. The outbreaks of Ebola viruses in 2014 represented the most serious Ebola epidemics in history and greatly threatened public health worldwide. The development of additional effective anti-Ebola therapeutic agents is therefore quite urgent. In this study, via high throughput screening of Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs, we identified that teicoplanin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, potently prevents the entry of Ebola envelope pseudotyped viruses into the cytoplasm. Furthermore, teicoplanin also has an inhibitory effect on transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particles, with an IC50 as low as 330 nm Comparative analysis further demonstrated that teicoplanin is able to block the entry of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) envelope pseudotyped viruses as well. Teicoplanin derivatives such as dalbavancin, oritavancin, and telavancin can also inhibit the entry of Ebola, MERS, and SARS viruses. Mechanistic studies showed that teicoplanin blocks Ebola virus entry by specifically inhibiting the activity of cathepsin L, opening a novel avenue for the development of additional glycopeptides as potential inhibitors of cathepsin L-dependent viruses. Notably, given that teicoplanin has routinely been used in the clinic with low toxicity, our work provides a promising prospect for the prophylaxis and treatment of Ebola, MERS, and SARS virus infection. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Identification of species based on DNA barcode using k-mer feature vector and Random forest classifier.

Science.gov (United States)

Meher, Prabina Kumar; Sahu, Tanmaya Kumar; Rao, A R

2016-11-05

DNA barcoding is a molecular diagnostic method that allows automated and accurate identification of species based on a short and standardized fragment of DNA. To this end, an attempt has been made in this study to develop a computational approach for identifying the species by comparing its barcode with the barcode sequence of known species present in the reference library. Each barcode sequence was first mapped onto a numeric feature vector based on k-mer frequencies and then Random forest methodology was employed on the transformed dataset for species identification. The proposed approach outperformed similarity-based, tree-based, diagnostic-based approaches and found comparable with existing supervised learning based approaches in terms of species identification success rate, while compared using real and simulated datasets. Based on the proposed approach, an online web interface SPIDBAR has also been developed and made freely available at http://cabgrid.res.in:8080/spidbar/ for species identification by the taxonomists. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Update on the use of random 10-mers in mapping and fingerprinting genomes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sinibaldi, R.M.

2001-01-01

The use of Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPDs) has continued to grow for the last several years. A quick assessment of their use can be estimated by searching PubMed at the National Library of Medicine with the acronym RAPD. Since their first report in 1990, the number of citations with RAPD in them has increased from 12 in 1990, to 45 in 1991, to, 112 in 1993, to, 130 in 1994, to 223 in 1995, to 258 in 1996, to 236 in 1997, to 316 in 1998, to 196 to date (August 31) 1999. The utilization of 10-mers for mapping or fingerprinting has many advantages. These include a relatively low cost, no use of radioactivity, easily adapted to automation, requirement for very small amounts of input DNA, rapid results, existing data bases for many organisms, and low cost equipment requirements. In conjunction with a derived technology such as SCARs (sequence characterized amplified regions), it can provide cost effective and thorough methods for mapping and fingerprinting any genome. Newer methods based on microarray technology may offer powerful but expensive alternative approaches in determining genetic diversity. The costs of arrays should come down with time and improved production methods. In the meantime, RAPDs remain a competent and cost effective method for genome characterizations. (author)

System effectiveness of detection, brief intervention and refer to treatment for the people with post-traumatic emotional distress by MERS: a case report of community-based proactive intervention in South Korea.

Science.gov (United States)

Yoon, Mi-Kyung; Kim, Soon-Young; Ko, Hye-Sun; Lee, Myung-Soo

2016-01-01

Korea has experienced diverse kind of disasters these days. Among them the 2015 middle eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak imposed great psychological stress on almost all Korean citizens. Following the MERS outbreak, government is reviewing overall infectious disease management system and prioritizing the establishment of mental health service systems for infectious disease. This study makes suggestions for implementing disaster-related mental health service systems by analyzing the example of Gyeonggi Province, which proactively intervened with residents' psychological problems caused by the large-scale outbreak of an infectious disease. Mental health service system for MERS victims had the following two parts: a mental health service for people who had been placed in quarantine and a service provided to families of patients who had died or recovered patients. The government of Gyeonggi province, public health centers, regional and local Community Mental Health Centers and the National Center for Crisis Mental Health Management participated in this service system. Among 1221 Gyeonggi people placed in quarantine and who experienced psychological and emotional difficulties, 350 required continuing services; 124 of this group received continuing services. That is, 35 % of people who required psychological intervention received contact from service providers and received the required services. This study reflects a proactive monitoring system for thousands of people placed under quarantine for the first time in Korea. It is significant that the service utilization rate by a proactive manner, that is the professionals administering it actively approached and contacted people with problems rather than passively providing information was much higher than other general mental health situation in Korea. The core value of public mental health services is adequate public accessibility; it is therefore essential for governments to strengthen their professional

Design of Chemical Literacy Assessment by Using Model of Educational Reconstruction (MER) on Solubility Topic

Science.gov (United States)

Yusmaita, E.; Nasra, Edi

2018-04-01

This research aims to produce instrument for measuring chemical literacy assessment in basic chemistry courses with solubility topic. The construction of this measuring instrument is adapted to the PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) problem’s characteristics and the Syllaby of Basic Chemistry in KKNI-IndonesianNational Qualification Framework. The PISA is a cross-country study conducted periodically to monitor the outcomes of learners' achievement in each participating country. So far, studies conducted by PISA include reading literacy, mathematic literacy and scientific literacy. Refered to the scientific competence of the PISA study on science literacy, an assessment designed to measure the chemical literacy of the chemistry department’s students in UNP. The research model used is MER (Model of Educational Reconstruction). The validity and reliability values of discourse questions is measured using the software ANATES. Based on the acquisition of these values is obtained a valid and reliable chemical literacy questions.There are seven question items limited response on the topic of solubility with valid category, the acquisition value of test reliability is 0,86, and has a difficulty index and distinguishing good

Transactions of the Conference of Army Mathematicians (26th) Held at Hanover, New Hampshire on 10 - 12 June 1980.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-01-01

swee r the Mlor-Le ’a ie tayl e to li thin thle acca - rae. i tti h n IIrfleI-ieCaL I dit a . Iceo inl t ii hreJries o. however, the iorteot the( pA1...bifurcations, which surprised us, the perturbed problem has solutions which may be approximated by the scheme proposed in fFM ]. In a way, the asser- tion

Presidentidest usaldas rahvas kõige enam Arnold Rüütlit / Vahur Koorits

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Koorits, Vahur, 1981-

2009-01-01

Kaitseministeeriumi korraldatud institutsioonide usaldusväärsuse küsitlusest selgus, et president Arnold Rüütlit usaldas tema ametiajal keskmiselt 79 % Eesti inimestest. President Toomas Hendrik Ilves pälvis 73 % vastanute usalduse ja president Lennart Meri usaldas tema viimasel ametiaastal 70 % küsitletutest. Lisatud joonis: Usaldus taasiseseisvuseaegsete presidentide vastu (aastatel 2001-2008). Arvamust avaldavad president Arnold Rüütel, Postimehe kolumnist Enn Soosaar, uuringufirma Saar Poll juhataja Andrus Saar ja president T. H. Ilvese avalike suhete nõunik Toomas Sildam

Rates and Controls of N2 Fixation in Sphagnum spp. along the Hydrological Gradient - Beaver Pond to Bog Transition at Mer Bleue, Ontario, Canada

Science.gov (United States)

Zivkovic, T.; Moore, T. R.

2014-12-01

Many northern bogs with low atmospheric N inputs acquire N only via N2-fixation. Little is known about rates and controls on N2-fixation in bogs. The aim of this study was to: 1) test the important ecological drivers for N2-fixation, 2) investigate seasonal and temporal patterns of N2 fixation, and 3) to estimate current N2-fixation rates at Mer Bleue bog. We used acetylene reduction assay (ARA) to measure N2-fixation from June-October 2013 and 2014 (currently ongoing field season) along a hydrological gradient (beaver pond, hollows and hummocks). The highest ARA rates in 2013 growing season occurred in the pond in floating Sphagnum cuspidatum mats (50.3 ± 12.9 μmol m-2 d-1 Mean ± Std Err) which were up to 2.5 times latger than the rates found in the hummock with the lowest water table depth throughout the season. Two rain events during the summer 2013 increased ARA rates in all plots by 1 to 4 times, suggesting that moisture availability may play a crucial role on N2 fixation potential in the field. We are currently investigating the role of moisture, temperature, PAR and nutrient content (N, phosphorous and metals) on ARA along the gradient. In addition, we are using 15N2 enrichment method to estimate N2 fixation rates and compare them to ARA method at Mer Bleue bog.

Critical Spacecraft-to-Earth Communications for Mars Exploration Rover (MER) entry, descent and landing

Science.gov (United States)

Hurd, William J.; Estabrook, Polly; Racho, Caroline S.; Satorius, Edgar H.

2002-01-01

For planetary lander missions, the most challenging phase of the spacecraft to ground communications is during the entry, descent, and landing (EDL). As each 2003 Mars Exploration Rover (MER) enters the Martian atmosphere, it slows dramatically. The extreme acceleration and jerk cause extreme Doppler dynamics on the X-band signal received on Earth. When the vehicle slows sufficiently, the parachute is deployed, causing almost a step in deceleration. After parachute deployment, the lander is lowered beneath the parachute on a bridle. The swinging motion of the lander imparts high Doppler dynamics on the signal and causes the received signal strength to vary widely, due to changing antenna pointing angles. All this time, the vehicle transmits important health and status information that is especially critical if the landing is not successful. Even using the largest Deep Space Network antennas, the weak signal and high dynamics render it impossible to conduct reliable phase coherent communications. Therefore, a specialized form of frequency-shift-keying will be used. This paper describes the EDL scenario, the signal conditions, the methods used to detect and frequency-track the carrier and to detect the data modulation, and the resulting performance estimates.

Dust Accumulation and Solar Panel Array Performance on the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Project

Science.gov (United States)

Turgay, Eren H.

2004-01-01

One of the most fundamental design considerations for any space vehicle is its power supply system. Many options exist, including batteries, fuel cells, nuclear reactors, radioisotopic thermal generators (RTGs), and solar panel arrays. Solar arrays have many advantages over other types of power generation. They are lightweight and relatively inexpensive, allowing more mass and funding to be allocated for other important devices, such as scientific instruments. For Mars applications, solar power is an excellent option, especially for long missions. One might think that dust storms would be a problem; however, while dust blocks some solar energy, it also scatters it, making it diffuse rather than beamed. Solar cells are still able to capture this diffuse energy and convert it into substantial electrical power. For these reasons, solar power was chosen to be used on the 1997 Mars Pathfinder mission. The success of this mission set a precedent, as NASA engineers have selected solar power as the energy system of choice for all future Mars missions, including the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Project. Solar sells have their drawbacks, however. They are difficult to manufacture and are relatively fragile. In addition, solar cells are highly sensitive to different parts of the solar spectrum, and finding the correct balance is crucial to the success of space missions. Another drawback is that the power generated is not a constant with respect to time, but rather changes with the relative angle to the sun. On Mars, dust accumulation also becomes a factor. Over time, dust settles out of the atmosphere and onto solar panels. This dust blocks and shifts the frequency of the incoming light, degrading solar cell performance. My goal is to analyze solar panel telemetry data from the two MERs (Spirit and Opportunity) in an effort to accurately model the effect of dust accumulation on solar panels. This is no easy process due to the large number of factors involved. Changing solar

Intro / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2006-01-01

Kolmest projektist Tallinna Kunstihoones: 8.04.-28.05. 2006 avatud Elin Kardi, Marko Mäetamme, Marco Laimre ja Andres Tali Ühisnäitusest "Vägivald ja propaganda", selle raames 26.04.-09.05. avatud Emergency Biennale'ist, rahvusvahelisest rändnäitusest Tšetšeenia toetuseks (Tallinnas ühinesid biennaaliga Jüri Ojaver, Neeme Külm, Marco Laimre, Marko Mäetamm), 27.04. toimunud Kaasaegse Kunsti Eesti Keskuse 4. ettekannete päevast "Kunstnike moraalsed valikud kultuurikonfliktides" sarjast "Lisandusi eesti kunstiloole"

Questionnaire / Andrus, Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Andrus, 1946-

2008-01-01

Euroülikooli korraldatud küsitlusuuringu tulemustest, mis kirjeldavad eesti ja vene üliõpilaste erinevate meediaväljaannete jälgimist 2007. aasta aprillis aset leidnud sündmusete kajastamisel. Tabelid

Exploration drilling and ecology. A contribution to the MER (Environmental Effect Report) of the NAM (Netherlands Petroleum Company) for the benefit of exploration drilling for natural gas in the Waddenzee and the North Sea coastal area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dankers, N.; Wintermans, G.J.M.

1996-01-01

Within the framework of the title drilling activities the NAM carries out a MER. Several research institutes were asked to contribute to the MER. The authors' institute was asked to describe the ecology of the exploration areas in the Wadden Sea, as well as the possible effects of the exploration drilling on the ecology. In this report only the impact for the Wadden Sea is dealt with. In chapter 1 the ecology of the Wadden Sea is discussed in detail for the subjects primary production (photosynthesis), secondary production (consumption of vegetable organic materials), birds, seals, and societal functions. In chapter 2 specific aspects of specific sites are outlined. In chapter 3 an overview (the so-called factor train) is given of the activities around the exploration drilling of the NAM in the Wadden Sea and the disturbances that can be the result of those activities. In chapter 4 the possible effects of exploration drilling on birds and seals are discussed for each drilling site

Lean i Norge : opplever norske bedrifter som er mer lean, større økning i kundetilfredshet enn de som er mindre lean?

OpenAIRE

Fagereng, Hanne Eline; Askevold, Elisabeth Cathrine

2010-01-01

Vi ønsker å måle i hvor stor grad norske bedrifter har implementert lean, og for å måle grad av lean har vi utviklet et rammeverk basert på lean teori. Hovedformålet med lean er å øke kundeverdi med minst mulig ressursbruk, anstrengelse, energi, utstyr, tid, plass, material og kapital (Womack, Roos and Jones 2007). Vi vil utforske om høyere grad av lean fører til mer tilfredse kunder enn de som har lavere grad av lean. Altså om hovedformålet med lean blir oppnådd hvis man implementerer lean i...

Short (16-mer locked nucleic acid splice-switching oligonucleotides restore dystrophin production in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy myotubes.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vanessa Borges Pires

Full Text Available Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (SSOs offer great potential for RNA-targeting therapies, and two SSO drugs have been recently approved for treating Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD and Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA. Despite promising results, new developments are still needed for more efficient chemistries and delivery systems. Locked nucleic acid (LNA is a chemically modified nucleic acid that presents several attractive properties, such as high melting temperature when bound to RNA, potent biological activity, high stability and low toxicity in vivo. Here, we designed a series of LNA-based SSOs complementary to two sequences of the human dystrophin exon 51 that are most evolutionary conserved and evaluated their ability to induce exon skipping upon transfection into myoblasts derived from a DMD patient. We show that 16-mers with 60% of LNA modification efficiently induce exon skipping and restore synthesis of a truncated dystrophin isoform that localizes to the plasma membrane of patient-derived myotubes differentiated in culture. In sum, this study underscores the value of short LNA-modified SSOs for therapeutic applications.

Veeprojektid lähevad taas töösse / Karin Kroon

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kroon, Karin

2007-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Oma Saar, 17. okt. 2007, lk. 4; Meie Maa, 17. okt. 2007, lk. 4; Valgamaalane, 18. okt. 2007, lk. 2; Nädaline, 18. okt. 2007, lk. 4; Vooremaa, 18. okt. 2007, lk. 2; Võrumaa Teataja, 18. okt. 2007, lk. 2; Severnoje Poberezhje, 18. okt. 2007, lk. 2; Hiiu Leht, 19. okt. 2007, lk. 2; Põhjarannik, 19. okt. 2007, lk. 2. Keskkonnaministeeriumi veeosakonna projektide büroo juhataja esitab ministeeriumi lahendused EL Ühtekuuluvusfondi abiga veemajanduse korrastamisprojektide lõpuleviimiseks. Ajal. Oma Saar ka tabelid: 1. 2000-2006 projektide lisaraha jagumine; Hangete kallinemise katmine 2008. aastal

Ömer Seyfeddin'in Değiş(tirilen Andı The Manipulated And Of Ömer Seyfeddin

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fundagül APAK

2013-07-01

Full Text Available And is the name of one of the stories of Ömer Seyfeddin (1884-1920 who is considered to be “the founding father of modern storytelling” in Turkish literature. Analyzing the editions of this story published after the death of its author, one can observe that these have largely been spoiled in terms of fiction, structure and meaning and that they have turned out to be quite different texts. The source text seems to have suffered a number of serious impacts with regards to both form and content, as if it has been translated into the language of a completely foreign culture. Translation studies divided into two main branches as pure and applied by James Holmes (1924-1986 in the 20th century have branched out further in themselves to include theoretical stages consisting of both general and partial studies restricted to the subdivisions of medium-area-rank-text type-time and problem, in addition to the product-process-function oriented descriptive studies falling under the pure division. Translator training, translation aids and translation criticism on the other hand, constitute the applied branch of translation studies. Whereas according to the Skopos (purpose theory developed by Hans Vermeer and Katharina Reiss, it is suggested that while reshaping –translating– a source text into a target culture, the objective set depends on the target culture or the attitude of the translator (being a person, a community, an institution…. According to this approach, that which is determinant in terms of degrees of competence and acceptability in translations both into that language and into other languages, i.e. the purpose, is the process that is determined upon consideration of the dynamics of the target culture prior to the translation activity in question. In this respect, the purpose; including the process of translation, its pre and post phases, is at the same time an indicator of what the source text is transformed into (a copy, a summary, an

Case report: Detection of the Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV in nasal secretions of a dead human

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waleed H. Mahallawi, PhD

2018-06-01

Full Text Available الملخص: يُعرف فيروس ”كورونا“ المسبب لمتلازمة الشرق الأوسط التنفسية على أنه فيروس شديد العدوى يصيب الجهاز التنفسي مع معدلات مرتفعة في المضاعفات والوفيات. يُحمِّل فيروس كورونا المسبب لمتلازمة الشرق الأوسط التنفسية عبئا كبيرا على مرافق الرعاية الصحية في المملكة العربية السعودية بنسبة وفيات تقارب الـ ٤٠٪. ولا يزال انتقال الفيروس غير مفهوم بشكل جيد. ولذلك، فإن منع أي طريق للانتقال هو أفضل وسيلة لمنع انتشار هذا المرض. تم باستخدام تفاعل البوليميرايز المتسلسل الآني، الكشف عن فيروس كورونا المسبب لمتلازمة الشرق الأوسط التنفسية في الافرازات الأنفية لجثة. لذا ينبغي تطبيق الاحتياطات الكاملة ومتابعتها لمنع انتقال الفيروس، خاصة بين العاملين في مجال الرعاية الصحية. Abstract: The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV has been recognized as a highly pathogenic virus that infects the human respiratory tract and has high morbidity and mortality. The MERS-CoV is a huge burden on Saudi Arabian health-care facilities, causing approximately 40% mortality. The transmission mechanism of the virus is still not well understood. Therefore, the prevention of any route of transmission is the best measure to arrest the spread of this disease. Using the real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, MERS-CoV was detected in the nasal secretions of a human cadaver. Full precautions should be applied and carefully followed to prevent the transmission of the virus, especially among health care workers. الكلمات �

Перемещение частных пространств = Transporting private spaces / Тоомас Паавер ; интервьюировал Владимир Фролов

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Паавер, Тоомас, 1976-

2012-01-01

Tallinna linna tasuta ühistranspordist, transpordisüsteemi puudustest ja arengusuundadest. PAIK Arhitektide (Toomas Paaver, Jaak-Adam Looveer, Lauri Saar) Kristiine terminali projektist, jalgrattateedest

Le dessalement de l’eau de mer est-il une voie d’avenir?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jean-Noël Salomon

2012-06-01

Full Text Available La pénurie en eau semble devenir une perspective inquiétante pour l’humanité. Aujourd’hui les pays en situation de stress hydrique sont de plus en plus nombreux tandis que les besoins ne cessent de grandir. Face à ce constat, nombre de solutions techniques ont été apportées dont celle du dessalement de l’eau de mer. Cette activité est en pleine expansion du fait d’une amélioration constante des techniques et d’un coût de plus en plus réduit. Déjà le dessalement représente la principale source d’eau potable pour un grand nombre de pays (îles, pays à climat désertique ou subdésertique, etc.. Mais, ce coût restant encore bien supérieur à celui des autres modes d’alimentation, cette technique reste réservée à des États ayant des ressources financières et énergétiques consistantes (Moyen Orient, pays développés, ce qui limite les possibilités. L’avenir du dessalement doit également prendre en compte ses effets sur l’environnement car de plus en plus d’études en montrent les effets pervers et …coûteux. Cet article entend faire le point et attirer l’attention sur l’ensemble de cette technique qui offre une alternative intéressante au spectre de la pénurie d’eau annoncée par bien des médias dans le contexte du réchauffement climatique.

Mis on teie maakonna Pisa testi edu võti? / Raivo Peeters, Ivi Remmelg, Monika Adamson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Peeters, Raivo

2014-01-01

Küsimusele vastavad Saare maavalitsuse haridus- ja sotsiaalosakonna juhataja Raivo Peeters, Hiiu maavalitsuse haridusnõunik Ivi Remmelg, Põlva maavalitsuse haridus- ja sotsiaalosakonna peaspetsialist Monika Adamson

Tuld juriidilise korrektsuse pihta / Margi Ein

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ein, Margi, 1950-

2007-01-01

Parlamendiliikme arvates tahavad sotsiaaldemokraadid võimule saada valele tuginedes ning peavad end seadustest ülemaks. Saare vallas on sooritatud tehinguid, mis on korruptsioonivastase seadusega keelatud

Eraeluline kunst / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

1998-01-01

Briti ja eesti kunstnike ühisnäitus "Private views" Rotermanni soolalaos. Eestit esindavad Mari Koort, Anu Juurak, Annika Tonts, Kiwa, Ene-Liis Semper, Inglismaad Pam Skelton. Naiste näitus naiseks olemise vaevadest. Kuraatorid Mare Tralla ja Pam Skelton. Ilmunud ka kogumikus "Päevast päeva", lk.141-143

Stiilne seks / Marita Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Marita

2011-01-01

Raamatu "Discovering Your Couple Sexual Style" autorite Barry ja Emily McCarthy paaride seksuaalsestiili teooriast ning testist, mis aitab selgitada, millise seksuaalsestiili esindajad neljast te olete

Eurooplased iseendast / Kalmer Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Kalmer

2004-01-01

Euroliidu laienemist tähistas Taani filmifirma Zentropa ning telekanalite Arte ja ZDF ühisprojekt "EuroVisioonid" - 5-minutilised filmid nii vanadest kui uutest liikmesriikide tuntud režissööridelt. Eestit esindas Arvo Iho "Euroflot"

Development and Testing of Xanthan Products for Eor-Applications in the North Sea Développement et essais des produits à base de xanthane pour les applications de RAH en mer du Nord

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Foss P.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available A program for development and evaluation of xanthan for use in enhanced oil recovery projects in the North Sea has been performed. Xanthan was produced using different fermentation conditions. Rheological measurements and filterability tests have been done. Xanthan products, which readily dissolve in sea water and give high viscosity and low aggregation have been produced. The fermentation process used for this type of product was scaled up from 10 litres to 20,000 litres production volume without significant changes in polymer solution properties. Un programme de développement et d'évaluation du xanthane pour utilisation dans les projets de récupération assistée des hydrocarbures en mer du Nord a été réalisé. Le xanthane est obtenu par différents procédés de fermentation. On a effectué des mesures rhéologiques et des essais de filtrabilité. Les produits à base de xanthane se dissolvent facilement dans l'eau de mer, ils donnent une forte viscosité et une faible agrégation. Avec le procédé de fermentation utilisé pour ce type de produit, on a pu faire passer la production de 10 litres à 20000 litres sans modification notable des propriétés de la solution de polymère.

Lõunarannas on laagris miinituukrid / Tõnu Veldre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veldre, Tõnu

2015-01-01

Rahvusvahelise miinitõrjeoperatsiooni Open Spirit 2015 ajal on miinituukrid laagris Muhus Lõunaranna sadamas. Sadamast väljuvad erinevate riikide miinituukrite paatkonnad Saaremaa ja Muhu saare rannikuvetesse

Les sociétés insulaires de la Mer Égée au temps de la domination ottomane. Routes communes et trajectoires séparées

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dimitris Dimitropoulos

2005-01-01

Full Text Available L'objectif de ce texte est d'identifier les éléments qui ont joué un rôle unificateur et, respectivement, les facteurs qui ont différencié les îles de la mer Égée, pendant la domination ottomane. Il traite notamment du rôle qu'ont joué l'emplacement géographique, l'insularité, et la grandeur de chaque île, dans la formation de leur économie et la constitution des sociétés locales. L'argumentation se concentre surtout sur les petites îles de l'Égée et sur des sujets comme la forme et le type des bourgades, le caractère de leur fortification et son évolution, le rôle et les effets du pouvoir ottoman dans les institutions locales et l'administration communale, le caractère de l'économie insulaire et ses rapports avec la mer, les réseaux de communication entre les insulaires et l'évolution indépendante et particulière de chaque île, les déplacements des populations de et vers les îles, la migration et la mobilité des groupes professionnels à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la région de l'Égée, et enfin le rôle des monastères dans le développement des réseaux de communication dans l'espace insulaire.

Storage tank catchbasins at the Esso (S. A. F. ) Refinery in Fos-sur-Mer were made liquid-tight

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Poteur, M; Magne, R

1978-12-01

The storage tank catch basins at the Esso (S.A.F.) Refinery in Fos-sur-Mer were made liquid-tight to prevent potential ground water pollution by leakage of petroleum product tanks, such as had occurred at this plant in Nov. 1976. Economic and technological studies showed that the sealing of a dike could best be achieved by incorporating, via injection and compaction by vibration, a thin, vertical, compliant, continuous clay-cement shield along the axis of the dike rather than by lining it with concrete, asphalt, or plastic sheets. About 13 km of dikes were treated by this technique, and a grout shield with an average depth of 3.5 m and a vertical surface of 45,000 sq m was constructed in just six months (Feb.-Aug. 1978). Tests showed that the permeability coefficient, relative to water and gasoline, of this grout shield did not exceed 0.00001 cm/sec or 1Vertical Bar3< of the value for peat. This method can also be used to seal off the subsoil of an entire refinery or other industrial plant from its surroundings.

On Mixing Processes in the Sea; Processus de Melange dans la Mer; 041f 0420 041e 0414 ; Los Procesos de Mezclado en las Aguas del Mar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joseph, Joachim [German Hydrographic Institute, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany (Germany)

1960-07-01

submitted for an intensification of the necessary oceanographic research work on an international basis. (author) [French] L'immersion de dechets radioactifs dans la mer a cesse d'etre un objet de speculation: c'est maintenant un fait dont l'importance augmentera avec les annees. La majorite des oceanographes eprouvent de fortes apprehensions a l'egard de cette methode. L'histoire de la technologie enseigne que des accidents imputables a des defaillances techniques ou humaines sont inevitables en depit de l'application la plus scrupuleuse de mesures de precaution. Nous devons donc admettre que certaines regions de la mer seront plus polluees que d'autres. Les effets physico-chimiques et biologiques de cette pollution ne peuvent pas encore etre prevus de facon precise. Les effets biologiques de produits radioactifs artificiels a longue periode sur de grandes etendues de la mer sont inconnus. Notre connaissance des processus de melange et de dispersion dans la mer est insuffisante pour nous permettre de faire des predictions. Ce n'est pas parce que, de facon generale, nous ignorons quelles peuvent en etre les consequences nuisibles que nous devons eprouver un sentiment de fausse securite. Tous les autres moyens permettant d'eliminer efficacement les dechets radioactifs devraient donc etre examines avec soin. Pour cette raison, B. Phil- berth a etudie la possibilite d'eliminer des dechets dans les calottes glacieres de l'Arctique et de l'Antarctique. Des recherches approfondies et des experiences etendues portant sur les processus qui suivent l'immersion de matieres radioactives dans la mer sont donc absolument necessaires. Il est indispensable de bien connaitre ce probleme pour repondre a maintes questions qui se posent dans ce domaine. Les recherches sur les processus de melange et de dispersion dans la mer presentent a cet egard une tres grande importance. Le memoire contient un expose de l'etat actuel des connaissances theoriques et de l'experience pratique. Dans certaines

A protein that binds to the P1 origin core and the oriC 13mer region in a methylation-specific fashion is the product of the host seqA gene.

Science.gov (United States)

Brendler, T; Abeles, A; Austin, S

1995-08-15

The P1 plasmid replication origin P1oriR is controlled by methylation of four GATC adenine methylation sites within heptamer repeats. A comparable (13mer) region is present in the host origin, oriC. The two origins show comparable responses to methylation; negative control by recognition of hemimethylated DNA (sequestration) and a positive requirement for methylation for efficient function. We have isolated a host protein that recognizes the P1 origin region only when it is isolated from a strain proficient for adenine methylation. The substantially purified 22 kDa protein also binds to the 13mer region of oriC in a methylation-specific fashion. It proved to be the product of the seqA gene that acts in the negative control of oriC by sequestration. We conclude that the role of the SeqA protein in sequestration is to recognize the methylation state of P1oriR and oriC by direct DNA binding. Using synthetic substrates we show that SeqA binds exclusively to the hemimethylated forms of these origins forms that are the immediate products of replication in a methylation-proficient strain. We also show that the protein can recognize sequences with multiple GATC sites, irrespective of the surrounding sequence. The basis for origin specificity is primarily the persistence of hemimethylated forms that are over-represented in the natural. DNA preparations relative to controls.

Le siège Mers-el-Kebir sous le siège de 1563 et la dimension spatio-temporelle dans “ El Gallardo espagnol ” de M. de Cervantes

OpenAIRE

Abi Ayad, Ahmed

2013-01-01

Nous avons choisi l’œuvre du grand romancier espagnol de l’époque moderne pour illustrer notre thématique relative à la dimension spatio-temporelle dans le Gallardo espagnol de Miguel de Cervantes.Nous essayons d’abord de vous exposer l’argument fondamental de cette pièce dramatique qui relate un événement capital de l’histoire d’Oran et des affrontements avec l’occupation espagnole, suite à conquête des places de Mers- el-Kebir et d’Oran en 1504 et 1509.Miguel de Cervantes s’inspire ici du c...

Evaluación de la presencia del gen mer A implicado en la detoxificación de mercurio a partir de actinomicetos nativos del humedal de La Conejera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rueda Carolina

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Se aislaron diez cepas de actinomicetos nativos del humedal La Conejera a partir de muestras de sedimento y agua, con el fin de determinar la capacidad de resistencia y detoxificación de mercurio, evaluando la presencia del gen mer A involucrado en el proceso. La prueba de resistencia fue realizada mediante un test de sensibilidad tomando concentraciones desde 3,68x10-3 mM hasta 10 mM de HgCl2. Se realizaron curvas de crecimiento de 192 h para las cepas resistentes al mercurio, en un medio suplementado con 0,01 mM y 0,05 mM de HgCl2, realizando una fermentación discontinua y midiendo el crecimiento por la técnica de peso seco. A partir de estos resultados se determinó un tiempo de adaptación de 24 h y una producción máxima de biomasa de 2,72 g·L-1 a la hora 72. Paralelamente, se realizó la secuenciación de los genes de resistencia al mercurio de Streptomyces lividans 1326, por medio del diseño de los oligonucleótidos capaces de amplificar el extremos 3’ del gen mer A, codificador de la enzima mercurio reductasa. Se optimizaron las condiciones de amplificación por PCR para obtener un producto amplificado de 686 pb aproximadamente. Finalmente, se realizó una electroforesis en campo pulsado comprobando la presencia de plásmidos en la cepa KH7 con tamaños aproximados de 50, 90 y 300 Kb, no integrados al cromosoma y posiblemente asociados a la resistencia presentada frente al metal.

Kuidas jagada raha? / Margot Visnap

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Visnap, Margot, 1959-

2002-01-01

Von Krahli Teatris toimunud avalikust arutelust teemal "Teatrite finantseerimine Eestis", osalesid teatrijuhid J. Allik, R. Põldmaa, I. Saar, P. Jalakas, minister M. Allikmaa ja teatriliidu esimees R. Oja

Isolation and Characterization of Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23 from Dromedaries of the Middle East: Minimal Serological Cross-Reactivity between MERS Coronavirus and Dromedary Camel Coronavirus UAE-HKU23

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patrick C. Y. Woo

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Recently, we reported the discovery of a dromedary camel coronavirus UAE-HKU23 (DcCoV UAE-HKU23 from dromedaries in the Middle East. In this study, DcCoV UAE-HKU23 was successfully isolated in two of the 14 dromedary fecal samples using HRT-18G cells, with cytopathic effects observed five days after inoculation. Northern blot analysis revealed at least seven distinct RNA species, corresponding to predicted subgenomic mRNAs and confirming the core sequence of transcription regulatory sequence motifs as 5′-UCUAAAC-3′ as we predicted previously. Antibodies against DcCoV UAE-HKU23 were detected in 58 (98.3% and 59 (100% of the 59 dromedary sera by immunofluorescence and neutralization antibody tests, respectively. There was significant correlation between the antibody titers determined by immunofluorescence and neutralization assays (Pearson coefficient = 0.525, p < 0.0001. Immunization of mice using recombinant N proteins of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV, respectively, and heat-inactivated DcCoV UAE-HKU23 showed minimal cross-antigenicity between DcCoV UAE-HKU23 and MERS-CoV by Western blot and neutralization antibody assays. Codon usage and genetic distance analysis of RdRp, S and N genes showed that the 14 strains of DcCoV UAE-HKU23 formed a distinct cluster, separated from those of other closely related members of Betacoronavirus 1, including alpaca CoV, confirming that DcCoV UAE-HKU23 is a novel member of Betacoronavirus 1.

Put k russkim Estonii / Josef Kats

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kats, Josef, 1977-

2007-01-01

Eesti Avatud Instituudi ja uuringufirma Saar Poll korraldatud ning Tallinna linna poolt tellitud uurimusest "Rahvussuhted ja integratsiooni perspektiivid Eestis", mis valmis üle-eestilise küsitluse põhjal

Lennujaamast ja parunist puu otsas : [lugemiselamustest] / Ülar Ploom

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ploom, Ülar

2007-01-01

Maailmaklassikast: Mark Twaini "Huckelberry Finni seiklused", Jules Verne'i "Saladuslik saar", Gabriel García Márquezi "Sada aastat üksildust", Aleksandr Erteli "Gardeninid", Italo Calvino "Parun puu otsas"

An Idea on the Maximum Permissible Concentrations of Radioactive Materials in Sea Water; Concentrations Maxima Admissibles des Substances Radioactives dans l'Eau de Mer; 041e 041c 0414 ; Concentracion Maxima Admisible de Materiales Radiactivos en las Aguas del Mar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hiyama, Yoshio [University of Tokyo (Japan)

1960-07-01

The author of the present paper has tried to find a relationship between the level of sea-water contamination by several radionuclides and the level of the radiation dose-rate inside the human body caused by these radionuclides of marine origin, using the ICRP recommendation and the few data on the chemical analysis of sea water and of the human body at present available to the author. However, even if the idea of this calculation were to be recognized by scientists in the fields of oceanography, public health, nutrition, radiation biology, and others, it would still be necessary to get further data on the amounts of trace elements in sea-water, in marine products, and in the human body in order to complete a table of the maximum permissible concentrations in sea-water of various radionuclides. Here the idea is merely advanced and a few examples are described. (author) [French] L'auteur a cherche a etablir un rapport entre le degre de contamination de l'eau de mer par plusieurs radionuclides et le degre d'irradiation de l'interieur du corps humain due a ces radionuclides d'origine marine; a cet effet, il s'est fonde sur les recommandations de la CIPR et sur les quelques donnees relatives a l'analyse chimique de l'eau de mer et du corps humain qu'il avait a sa disposition. Cependant, meme si le principe de ce calcul etait reconnu par les oceanographes, les hygienistes, les bromatologistes, les radiobiologistes et d'autres specialistes, il n'en serait pas moins necessaire d'obtenir des renseignements supplementaires sur les quantites d'oligoelements existant dans l'eau de mer, les produits de la mer et le corps humain, en vue de dresser un tableau complet des concentrations maxima admissibles de divers radionuclides dans l'eau de mer. L'auteur se borne a formuler le concept et a donner quelques exemples. (author) [Spanish] El autor, teniendo en cuenta la recomendacion de la Comision Internacional de Proteccion Radiologica y los pocos datos de que actualmente dispone

Sakslased kolisid jahtide tootmise kodumaale tagasi / Toivo Tänavsuu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tänavsuu, Toivo

2004-01-01

Saksamaa suurimaid jahitootjaid Kiel Classic lõpetas paatide tootmise Eestis, kuna firma siinne allhankepartner Saare Paat ei pidanud väidetavalt tähtaegadest kinni ning tootis viletsa kvaliteediga jahte

Läbipaistva saunaga Austraalias / Sandra Jõgeva

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jõgeva, Sandra, 1976-

2010-01-01

Kunstnike grupp Art Container osales Brisbane'i teatrifestivalil (4.-25. sept. 2010) interaktiivse etenduse ja saunainstallatsiooniga "Kümblejad" (autorid Tanel Saar, Erik Alalooga, Sandra Jõgeva, Janno Bergmann, Hans-Gunter Lock)

Hans Teiv : mina sellel kohal igavuse üle ei kurda / Hans Teiv ; interv. Heli Salong

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Teiv, Hans

2004-01-01

Saare maavanema kohusetäitja ja kandidaat Hans Teiv hindab oma võimalusi saada ametisse kinnitatud, räägib oma tegevusest maavalitsuse osakonnajuhataja ja maakonna juhina ning tutvustab Saaremaa arenguvisioone

Esimene Teater Ö(ö)sel festival läks korda / Merje Pors

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pors, Merje

2006-01-01

15.-16. juulil Kuressaares ja Saare maakonnas toimunud Läänemere saari ühendavast festivalist "Teater Ö(ö)sel". Festivalist võtsid osa Rügeni, Alandi, Gotlandi, Hiiumaa ja Saaremaa teatritrupid

Animaalne antimagnetism / Mari Laaniste

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Laaniste, Mari, 1977-

2009-01-01

Rahvusvaheline grupinäitus "Loomakari" Tallinna Kunstihoones kuni 12. aprillini. Kuraator Sandra Jõgeva, kujundaja Tanel Saar. Lühidalt Jenni Juulia Wallinheimo, Kjetil Kauslandi ja Loore Emilie Raavi töödest

Selgusid aasta 2010 tegijad / Meelis Kaubi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kaubi, Meelis

2010-01-01

Saare maakonna aasta õppijaks valiti Rehe Pagar OÜ juhataja Glaudja Majorova, Aasta koolitajaks Signe Sarah Arro, Aasta koolitussõbralikumaks organisatsiooniks Trelleborg IP Estonia ja Aasta koolitussõbralikumaks omavalitsuseks Pöide vald

Radikaalsus muuseumi kaitsva teki all / Mari Sobolev

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sobolev, Mari, 1968-

2004-01-01

Rotermanni soolalaos avatud Marco (Marko) Laimre isiknäituse "Küsimused ja vastused" puhul 13. IV toimunud konverentsist. Johannes Saare, Eha Komissarovi, Hanno Soansi, Anders Härmi ja Mari Sobolevi ettekannetest

Vene elu hõng Pilistvere rehealuses / Margot Visnap

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Visnap, Margot, 1959-

2008-01-01

Pilistvere rehehoones etendunud Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse tõi välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas Indrek Saar

Eesti majandusreformide B-proovi tulemused / Mikko Lagerspetz

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lagerspetz, Mikko, 1963-

2011-01-01

Raamatuarvustus: Towards a normal stratification order : actual and perceived social stratification in post-socialist Estonia / Ellu Saar (ed.). Frankfurt am Main [etc.] : Lang, 2011. (Baltische Studien zur Erziehungs- und Sozialwissenschaft ; 19)

Signature isotopique du carbone et de l'azote dans la matière organique particulaire de la glace de mer en Arctique : facteurs de contrôle et applications écologiques

OpenAIRE

Pineault, Simon

2011-01-01

L'objectif de mon étude était de décrire la dynamique des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote de la matière organique particulaire sympagique pendant la transition printanière en mer de Beaufort. La biomasse de protistes et la disponibilité en carbone inorganique dissous ont été identifiées comme principaux facteurs de contrôle du signal isotopique du carbone à la base de la glace annuelle. Les signatures isotopiques de l'azote n'ont pu être expliquées à l'aide des variables mesurés. Un...

Tom ja Anni said suureks / Kairit Tsäro

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tsäro, Kairit, 1974-

2011-01-01

ETV staažikas lastesaade "Saame kokku Tomi juures" lõpetab. Saate produtsent Margus Saar, Anni - Maria Soomets ja postiljon Eedi - Kalju Orro, vaatavad tagasi viiele aastale ja meenutavad saatekülalisi

Autopsia : [arvustatakse eelmises Marduses ilmunud originaaljutte ja tõlkeid] / Karen Orlau

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Orlau, Karen, pseud., 1975-

2000-01-01

Arvustatavad jutud: Smith, Clark Ashton. Öised koletised; Kalevipoeg, pseud. Purpurvalgus; Brown, Molly. Valel ajal; Belials, Veiko. Kunagi. Kuskil. Eikuskil; Lindsay, David. Swaylone'i saar; Hargla, Indrek. Obernoni apokrüüf

Moodne aeg käib alla / Valner Valme

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Valme, Valner, 1970-

2008-01-01

Arvustus: Beigbeder, Frédéric. Armastus kestab kolm aastat : romaan / prantsuse keelest tõlkinud Anti Saar. Tallinn : Varrak, 2008 ; Cusk, Rachel. Arlington Park / tõlkinud Kersti Unt. Tallinn : Varrak, 2007

Kliiniline kapitalism ja naise neim / Vaapo Vaher

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vaher, Vaapo, 1945-

2011-01-01

Tutvustus: Kõiv, Salme. Reet Tammiku. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2011 ; Kalda, Katrin. Eesti romaan / tõlkinud Anti Saar. Tallinn : Varrak, 2011 ; Zola, Émile. Saak / tõlkinud Kaja Riesen. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2011

Marutaudi eest hoiatavad sildid külvasid hirmu / Risto Mets

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mets, Risto

2017-01-01

Rahvusvahelises noorte militaarlaagris Baltic Guards osalenud noorkotkad ja kodutütred kinnitasid Saare-Pala-Kodavere piirkonda jääva Sõõru metsa puudele valeinformatsiooniga sildid, mis hoiatasid huntide seas leviva marutaudi eest

Ehe : patt või püha? / Tanel Veenre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veenre, Tanel, 1977-

2003-01-01

Muljeid ehtekunstinäituselt "Palve. Puudutus. Patt" Tallinna Kunstihoone galeriis. Rein Metsa, Arseni Mölderi, Kristi Saare, Bruno Lillemetsa, Kärt Marani, Lilian Linnaksi, Kaie Partsi ja Adolfas Shaulyse töödest

Memento soovib Kuressaarde rajada Kaastundeseina / Evely Aavik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aavik, Evely

2008-01-01

Eesti Õigusvastaselt Represseeritute Liit Memento plaanib Kuressaare kesklinna rajada Kaastundeseina ning jäädvustada sellel valdade kaupa kõigi Saare maakonnast 1941. ja 1949. aastal Siberisse küüditatute nimed

Võrõpajev s "Eiforijei" / Dmitri Titorenko

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Titorenko, Dmitri

2006-01-01

Tänavune Veneetsia filmifestival toimub 30. augustist 9. septembrini. Venemaad esindavad kolm mängufilmi : Ivan Võrõpajevi "Eufooria" (põhiprogrammis), Boriss Hlebnikovi "Svobodnoje plavanije" ( programmis "Horisondid"), Pavel Lungini "Saar" lõpetab festivali

V Moskve vrutshenõ premii "Nika"

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Kuulutati välja Venemaa filmiauhinna "Nike" võitjad : parim vene mängufilm Pavel Lungini "Saar" ("Ostrov"), parim dokfilm Jevgeni Tsõmbali "Zoshtshenko ja Olesha. Kaks portreed ajastu interjööris"

Kõiki reegleid rikkudes-vendade Sõnajalgade juhtum / Antti Oolo

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oolo, Antti, 1967-

2004-01-01

Vendade Sõnajalgade tegevusest Saaremaal, kus nad tegelevad tuuleenergia ja kinnisvaraäriga ning konfliktidest Saare maavalitsuse kui ka konkurentidega firmast Beta-Est Holding. Vt. samas: Seadusemuudatus välistab tulevikus ärikeelu rikkumise

Real-Time Pathogen Detection in the Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing and Big Data: Comparison of k-mer and Site-Based Methods for Inferring the Genetic Distances among Tens of Thousands of Salmonella Samples.

Science.gov (United States)

Pettengill, James B; Pightling, Arthur W; Baugher, Joseph D; Rand, Hugh; Strain, Errol

2016-01-01

The adoption of whole-genome sequencing within the public health realm for molecular characterization of bacterial pathogens has been followed by an increased emphasis on real-time detection of emerging outbreaks (e.g., food-borne Salmonellosis). In turn, large databases of whole-genome sequence data are being populated. These databases currently contain tens of thousands of samples and are expected to grow to hundreds of thousands within a few years. For these databases to be of optimal use one must be able to quickly interrogate them to accurately determine the genetic distances among a set of samples. Being able to do so is challenging due to both biological (evolutionary diverse samples) and computational (petabytes of sequence data) issues. We evaluated seven measures of genetic distance, which were estimated from either k-mer profiles (Jaccard, Euclidean, Manhattan, Mash Jaccard, and Mash distances) or nucleotide sites (NUCmer and an extended multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme). When analyzing empirical data (whole-genome sequence data from 18,997 Salmonella isolates) there are features (e.g., genomic, assembly, and contamination) that cause distances inferred from k-mer profiles, which treat absent data as informative, to fail to accurately capture the distance between samples when compared to distances inferred from differences in nucleotide sites. Thus, site-based distances, like NUCmer and extended MLST, are superior in performance, but accessing the computing resources necessary to perform them may be challenging when analyzing large databases.

Real-Time Pathogen Detection in the Era of Whole-Genome Sequencing and Big Data: Comparison of k-mer and Site-Based Methods for Inferring the Genetic Distances among Tens of Thousands of Salmonella Samples.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James B Pettengill

Full Text Available The adoption of whole-genome sequencing within the public health realm for molecular characterization of bacterial pathogens has been followed by an increased emphasis on real-time detection of emerging outbreaks (e.g., food-borne Salmonellosis. In turn, large databases of whole-genome sequence data are being populated. These databases currently contain tens of thousands of samples and are expected to grow to hundreds of thousands within a few years. For these databases to be of optimal use one must be able to quickly interrogate them to accurately determine the genetic distances among a set of samples. Being able to do so is challenging due to both biological (evolutionary diverse samples and computational (petabytes of sequence data issues. We evaluated seven measures of genetic distance, which were estimated from either k-mer profiles (Jaccard, Euclidean, Manhattan, Mash Jaccard, and Mash distances or nucleotide sites (NUCmer and an extended multi-locus sequence typing (MLST scheme. When analyzing empirical data (whole-genome sequence data from 18,997 Salmonella isolates there are features (e.g., genomic, assembly, and contamination that cause distances inferred from k-mer profiles, which treat absent data as informative, to fail to accurately capture the distance between samples when compared to distances inferred from differences in nucleotide sites. Thus, site-based distances, like NUCmer and extended MLST, are superior in performance, but accessing the computing resources necessary to perform them may be challenging when analyzing large databases.

The ABC of Biofilm Drug Tolerance: the MerR-Like Regulator BrlR Is an Activator of ABC Transport Systems, with PA1874-77 Contributing to the Tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms to Tobramycin.

Science.gov (United States)

Poudyal, Bandita; Sauer, Karin

2018-02-01

A hallmark of biofilms is their tolerance to killing by antimicrobial agents. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa , biofilm drug tolerance requires the c-di-GMP-responsive MerR transcriptional regulator BrlR. However, the mechanism by which BrlR mediates biofilm drug tolerance has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that BrlR activates the expression of at least 7 ABC transport systems, including the PA1874-PA1875-PA1876-PA1877 (PA1874-77) operon, with chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA binding assays confirming BrlR binding to the promoter region of PA1874-77. Insertional inactivation of the 7 ABC transport systems rendered P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms susceptible to tobramycin or norfloxacin. Susceptibility was linked to drug accumulation, with BrlR contributing to norfloxacin accumulation in a manner dependent on multidrug efflux pumps and the PA1874-77 ABC transport system. Inactivation of the respective ABC transport system, furthermore, eliminated the recalcitrance of biofilms to killing by tobramycin but not norfloxacin, indicating that drug accumulation is not linked to biofilm drug tolerance. Our findings indicate for the first time that BrlR, a MerR-type transcriptional activator, activates genes encoding several ABC transport systems, in addition to multiple multidrug efflux pump genes. Moreover, our data confirm a BrlR target contributing to drug tolerance, likely countering the prevailing dogma that biofilm tolerance arises from a multiplicity of factors. Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.

Kunstikriitiku professionaalne paranoia ja selle ravi / Alvar Loog

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Loog, Alvar, 1975-

2009-01-01

Vastulause raamatu "20. sajandi mõttevoolud" (Tallinn ; Tartu : Tartu Ülikooli kirjastus, 2009) arvustusele: Saar Johannes. 20. sajandi mõttevoolud : kogu talveks lugemist ja magamist. Eesti Päevaleht, 2009, 25. sept., lk. 12-13

Umberto Eco : olemise piire kombates / Marina Grishakova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Grišakova, Marina, 1961-

2004-01-01

Arvustus: Eco, Umberto. Eilse päeva saar / tõlkinud Merike Pau. Tallinn : Eesti Raamat, 2003 ; Eco, Umberto. Baudolino / itaalia keelest tõlkinud [ja järelsõna:] Ülar Ploom. Tallinn : Varrak, 2003

Bali - ekspertide kohtumispaik ja turistide paradiis / Sirje Virkus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Virkus, Sirje, 1956-

2000-01-01

10.-19. märtsini 2000 viibis TPÜ sotsiaalteaduskonna infoteaduste osakonna juhataja dotsent Sirje Virkus Bali saarel Indoneesias UNESCO ekspertide kohtumisel, et valmistada ette raamatukogude automatiseerimise koolituspakett arengumaadele. Bali saare loodusest ja balilaste elukorraldusest

Naise võim Bermudas : kubjas kukutati / Allan Espenberg

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Espenberg, Allan

2003-01-01

Suurbritanniale kuuluva Bermuda saare parlamendivalimised vallandasid sündmuste ahela, mis võivad muuta asumaa poliitikat. Ametist tagandati peaminister Jennifer Meredith Smith ja uueks peaministriks sai senine tööminister William Alexander Scott

Networks / Tiia Johannson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Johannson, Tiia, 1965-2002

2002-01-01

11.-25. IV Kanadas Newfoundlandi saare pealinnas St. Johnis toimunud meediakunstifestivalist "Networks" alapealkirjaga "A Placeless Space". Kuraator Andrea Cooper. Pikemalt Liz Pickardi installatsioonist "Museum of the Mind". Virtuaalse ruumina kasutati virtuaalmaailma "OnLive Traveller"

Unsupervised binning of environmental genomic fragments based on an error robust selection of l-mers.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Bin; Peng, Yu; Leung, Henry Chi-Ming; Yiu, Siu-Ming; Chen, Jing-Chi; Chin, Francis Yuk-Lun

2010-04-16

With the rapid development of genome sequencing techniques, traditional research methods based on the isolation and cultivation of microorganisms are being gradually replaced by metagenomics, which is also known as environmental genomics. The first step, which is still a major bottleneck, of metagenomics is the taxonomic characterization of DNA fragments (reads) resulting from sequencing a sample of mixed species. This step is usually referred as "binning". Existing binning methods are based on supervised or semi-supervised approaches which rely heavily on reference genomes of known microorganisms and phylogenetic marker genes. Due to the limited availability of reference genomes and the bias and instability of marker genes, existing binning methods may not be applicable in many cases. In this paper, we present an unsupervised binning method based on the distribution of a carefully selected set of l-mers (substrings of length l in DNA fragments). From our experiments, we show that our method can accurately bin DNA fragments with various lengths and relative species abundance ratios without using any reference and training datasets. Another feature of our method is its error robustness. The binning accuracy decreases by less than 1% when the sequencing error rate increases from 0% to 5%. Note that the typical sequencing error rate of existing commercial sequencing platforms is less than 2%. We provide a new and effective tool to solve the metagenome binning problem without using any reference datasets or markers information of any known reference genomes (species). The source code of our software tool, the reference genomes of the species for generating the test datasets and the corresponding test datasets are available at http://i.cs.hku.hk/~alse/MetaCluster/.

Koalitsioon ei plaani linna juhtimises muudatusi / Ester Vilgats, Eno-Gerrit Link

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vilgats, Ester

2008-01-01

Pärnu koalitsiooninõukogu sõnul pole põhjust linnapea Mart Viisitamme, abilinnapea Simmo Saare ja koalitsiooninõukogu esimehe Vello Järvesalu välja vahetamiseks, kuna kedagi pole süüdi mõistetud

Veneetsia'99 / Ando Keskküla

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Keskküla, Ando, 1950-2008

1999-01-01

Veneetsia biennaali Eesti komitee valis Veneetsia biennaalile Eestit esindama Johannes Saare kunstiprojekti "Vesivärav", millesse on kaasatud kunstnikud Jüri Ojaver ning Peeter Pere ja Ando Keskküla "Vaadete anatoomia", mida autor tutvustab.

Rahvas palkab 101 töötajat / Tarmo Pikner

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pikner, Tarmo

2003-01-01

Saare Maavalitsuse arengu- ja planeeringu osakonna juhataja Tarmo Pikneri sõnul on piirkondlike erinevustega arvestamine meie riigi seadusandluses enam kui puudulik. Igal Riigikogu liikmel peaks olema ette näidata tema panus Eesti riigi seadusloomesse

Ruhnu saarele hakkab lennutama Saksa firma / Mehis Tulk, Andres Sepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tulk, Mehis, 1967-

2006-01-01

Ilmunud ka: Meie Maa 9. nov lk. 1. Riigihankekonkursi Pärnu-Ruhnu-Kuressaare lennuliini teenindamiseks võitnud Saksa firmaga Luftverkehr Friesland Brunzema und Partner KG sõlmib Saare maavalitsus avaliku teenindamise lepingu neljaks aastaks. Kaart

Pop / Mart Kalvet

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kalvet, Mart, 1975-

2007-01-01

Heliplaatidest: Phlox "Rebimine + voltimine", The Bees "Octopus", Feist "The Reminder", Led R "Led the R Out", Erinevad esitajad "Muusika filmile "Jan Uuspõld läheb Tartusse"", Mikk Saar "See on see", Mark Ronson "Versions"

Eckhard Mostekit üllatasid Hiiumaa korras koolid / Harda Roosna

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Roosna, Harda

2005-01-01

Juuni algul tutvus Hiiumaa koolidega Saksamaa Rügeni saare Gingst regiooni kooli direktor E. Mostek. Vestlusest tutvumisringi kaasa teinud SA Tuuru konsultandi Matti Lüsiga ja Hiiu maavalitsuse haridus- ja kultuuriosakonna juhataja Ermo Mäeotsaga

Maavanem ähvardab põhikooli liitmisotsuse kohtusse anda / Ahto Jakson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Jakson, Ahto

2009-01-01

Saare maavanem Toomas Kasemaa ähvardab Kuressaare linnavolikogu poolt veebruari lõpus vastu võetud Kuressaare põhikooli liitmisotsuse anda halduskohtusse, juhul kui volikogu ei vii otsust ettenähtud aja jooksul vastavusse haldusmenetluse seadusega

Some International Legal Aspects of the Enclosed Seas, especially the Baltic Sea, with Regard to their Protection Against Pollutive Agents; Quelques Considerations de Droit International Touchant les Mers Fermees, notamment la Baltique, au Point de Vue de la Protection Contre les Agents de Pollution; 041d 0414 ; Estudio de Algunos Aspectos Juridicos Internacionales de los Mares Cerrados, especialmente el Baltico, con Miras a la Proteccion de sus Aguas Frente a los Agentes Contaminadores

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Manner, E. J. [Advisory State Committee on Water Pollution, Helsinki (Finland)

1960-07-01

Enclosed or intra-continental seas should be distinguished from lakes, because the systems of the international law of the sea and international water- law differ from each other. The definitions of the enclosed sea used in the literature are not satisfactory and in the paper a new and more appropriate definition is proposed. The main sources of the international law of the sea are four Conventions adopted by the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea held at Geneva in 1958. Many of the problems concerning the Baltic are also characteristic of other intra-continental seas. In the paper reference is made to these problems and to the considerations that render the provisions of the Conventions on the Law of the Sea inadequate for the case of the enclosed seas. With regard to the prevention of pollution of the sea and the disposal of radioactive wastes, the rules of international law are still undeveloped. In the paper mention is made of the aspects that should be considered when drawing up regulations and taking measures for the prevention of pollution, especially of the enclosed seas. (author) [French] Il faut distinguer les mers fermees ou intracontinentales des lacs, car le droit maritime international s'applique aux premieres et non aux deuxiemes. Il n'existe pas de definition satisfaisante de la mer fermee, et l'auteur du memoire propose une nouvelle, qui est plus exacte. Les principales sources du droit maritime international sont constituees par quatre conventions, adoptees par la Conference des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer, qui s'est tenue a Geneve en 1958. Beaucoup de problemes concernant la mer Baltique sont des. problemes types qui interessent egalement les autres mers intracontinentales. Le memoire expose ces problemes et les raisons pour lequelles les dispositions des conventions sur le droit de la mer ne sont pas suffisantes dans le cas des mers fermees. En ce qui concerne la prevention de la pollution de la mer et l'evacuation des

Novõi vantovõi most võderzhit i sverhtjazholõje gruzoviki / Urmas Tooming

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tooming, Urmas

2006-01-01

Tallinnas Lasnamäel Smuuli teed Suur-Sõjamäe tänavaga ühendama hakkavast vantsillast. Üldprojekti autor K-Projekt, silla projekteerija EstKonsult. Kommenteerivad projektijuht Aivar-Oskar Saar ja insenerehitusdivisjoni direktor Arno Elias

Kui suurt aktsia- või osakapitali on vaja?

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Äriseadustikus sätestatud äriühingu netovarast. Koostatud ettekande põhjal, mille advokaadibüroo Luiga Mody Hääl Borenius advokaat Marko Saar pidas 31. jaanuaril toimunud seminaril "Dividendid, omakapital ja maksud"

Saaremaa maaelu ja põllumajandus said mullu ligi 140 miljonit toetust / Ain Lember

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lember, Ain

2005-01-01

Saare maakond sai 2004. aastal enam kui 138 miljoni krooni eest maaelu- ja põllumajandustoetusi, mis teeb iga maal elava inimese kohta 6760 krooni. Tabelid: Toetussumma maakonna lõikes; Toetussumma iga maal elava inimese kohta (kroonides)

Suur ülevaatenäitus tirib eesti kunsti paigalseisust välja : neli tugevat kuraatoriprojekti pakuvad midagi iga põlvkonna kunstimaitsele / Ants Juske

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Juske, Ants, 1956-2016

2000-01-01

Tallinna Kunstihoones Toomas Vindi kureeritud "Deja vu", Kunstihoone galeriis Peeter Alliku kureeritud "Naturalism", Rotermanni soolalaos Johannes Saare kureeritud "Aids kultuuris", Tartu Kunstimajas Reet Varblase kureeritud "Eneseksjäämine. Väikesed rollimängud 21. sajandiks"

Syntheses and multi-NMR study of fac- and mer-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)) and the X-ray crystal structure (n = 2) and Raman spectrum (n = 0) of fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)).nCH(3)CN.

Science.gov (United States)

Hughes, Michael J; Gerken, Michael; Mercier, Hélène P A; Schrobilgen, Gary J

2010-06-07

Dissolution of the infinite chain polymer, (OsO(3)F(2))(infinity), in CH(3)CN solvent at -40 degrees C followed by solvent removal under vacuum at -40 degrees C yielded fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)).nCH(3)CN (n >/= 2). Continued pumping at -40 degrees C with removal of uncoordinated CH(3)CN yielded fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)). Both fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)).nCH(3)CN and fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)) are yellow-brown solids and were characterized by low-temperature (-150 degrees C) Raman spectroscopy. The crystal structure (-173 degrees C) of fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)).2CH(3)CN consists of two co-crystallized CH(3)CN molecules and a pseudo-octahedral OsO(3)F(2).NCCH(3) molecule in which three oxygen atoms are in a facial arrangement and CH(3)CN is coordinated trans to an oxygen atom in an end-on fashion. The Os---N bond length (2.205(3) A) is among the shortest M---N adduct bonds observed for a d(0) transition metal oxide fluoride. The (19)F NMR spectrum of (OsO(3)F(2))(infinity) in CH(3)CN solvent (-40 degrees C) is a singlet (-99.6 ppm) corresponding to fac-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)). The (1)H, (15)N, (13)C, and (19)F NMR spectra of (15)N-enriched OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)) were recorded in SO(2)ClF solvent (-84 degrees C). Nitrogen-15 enrichment resulted in splitting of the (19)F resonance of fac-OsO(3)F(2)((15)NCCH(3)) into a doublet ((2)J((15)N-(19)F), 21 Hz). In addition, a doublet of doublets ((2)J((19)F(ax)-(19)F(eq)), 134 Hz; (2)J((15)N-(19)F(eq)), 18 Hz) and a doublet ((2)J((19)F(ax)-(19)F(eq)), 134 Hz) were observed in the (19)F NMR spectrum that have been assigned to mer-OsO(3)F(2)((15)NCCH(3)); however, coupling of (15)N to the axial fluorine-on-osmium environment could not be resolved. The nitrogen atom of CH(3)CN is coordinated trans to a fluorine ligand in the mer-isomer. Quantum-chemical calculations at the SVWN and B3LYP levels of theory were used to calculate the energy-minimized gas-phase geometries, vibrational frequencies of fac- and mer-OsO(3)F(2)(NCCH(3)) and of CH(3)CN. The

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a 13-mer LNA-inhibitor-miR-221 in Mice and Non-human Primates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Eugenia Gallo Cantafio

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Locked nucleic acid (LNA oligonucleotides have been successfully used to efficiently inhibit endogenous small noncoding RNAs in vitro and in vivo. We previously demonstrated that the direct miR-221 inhibition by the novel 13-mer LNA-i-miR-221 induces significant antimyeloma activity and upregulates canonical miR-221 targets in vitro and in vivo. To evaluate the LNA-i-miR-221 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, novel assays for oligonucleotides quantification in NOD.SCID mice and Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis plasma, urine and tissues were developed. To this aim, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method, after solid-phase extraction, was used for the detection of LNA-i-miR-221 in plasma and urine, while a specific in situ hybridization assay for tissue uptake analysis was designed. Our analysis revealed short half-life, optimal tissue biovailability and minimal urine excretion of LNA-i-miR-221 in mice and monkeys. Up to 3 weeks, LNA-i-miR-221 was still detectable in mice vital organs and in xenografted tumors, together with p27 target upregulation. Importantly, no toxicity in the pilot monkey study was observed. Overall, our findings indicate the suitability of LNA-i-miR-221 for clinical use and we provide here pilot data for safety analysis and further development of LNA-miRNA-based therapeutics for human cancer.

Genèse des magmas associés à l'ouverture d'un domaine océanique : Géochimie des laves du Nord-Est de l'Afrique (Mer Rouge-Afar) et d'Arabie

OpenAIRE

Barrat , Jean-Alix ,

1991-01-01

Mémoires et Documents du CAESS, n°48; L'existence d'un point chaud localisé en Afar est confirmée. Principalement deux composants mantelliques interviennent dans la genèse des laves du Sud de la Mer Rouge et d'Afar: un manteau appauvri en LREE et une source présentant des caractéristiques du pôle HIMU. Certains basaltes des plateaux éthiopiens et d'Afar (en particulier ceux émis avant l'ouverture du Golfe de Tadjoura) sont contaminés par la croûte continentale. Les résultats analytiques prése...

Saare jonniga idealist / Lemmi Kann

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kann, Lemmi

2008-01-01

Maxima OÜ tegevjuhist Margus Pärnast. Lisad: Elulugu; Tasub teada. Kommenteerivad: TOP Auto juhatuse esimees Felor Pärnpuu, Sales-Star ASi juhatuse esimees Tiina Aas, psühhiaater Jüri Ennet ning ASi Mobec müügijuht Kaido Sumberg. Vt. samas: Karmi käega õppejõud Pärn

DVD "El monje" / Kalmer Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Kalmer

2005-01-01

Õuduspõnevik 18. saj. elanud Matthew Gregory Lewise romaani "Munk" järgi : stsenaristid Luis Bunuel, Jean-Claude Carriere : režissöör Adonis Kyrou : peaosas Franco Nero : Prantsusmaa - Itaalia - Lääne-Saksamaa 1973

Eesti on valmis startima Veneetsiasse

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

1999-01-01

Sorose Kaasaegse Kunsti Eesti Keskusel on valminud kataloog eesti kunstnikest 48. Veneetsia biennaalil. 10. VI avatakse Veneetsias Palazzo Querinis Ando Keskküla, Jüri Ojaveri ja Peeter Pere ekspositsioon, mida kureerisid Sirje Helme ja Johannes Saar

Kontsert

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Eesti Kammerkooride Liidu kontsert "Mart Saar 125 ja Ester Mägi 85" 17. märtsil TÜ aulas, anglo-eesti jazzkvintett 16. märtsil Vanemuise Kontserdimaja jazzisaalis ja Eesti Rahvusmeeskoor 22. märtsil Jaani kirikus

Kirjandusteosed läbisid esimese sõelumise / Inna Grünfeldt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Grünfeldt, Inna, 1961-

2006-01-01

Virumaa selle aasta kirjandusauhinnale kandideerivad Ave Alavainu "Minekulaulud", Toomas Haugi "Troojamäe tõotus", Enn Nõu "Mõtusekuke viimne kogupauk", Olavi Ruitlase "Kroonu", Olivia Saare "Humalapuu", Indrek Hargla "French ja Koulu" ja Eevi Taeli "Lapse silmadega Narvast"

Tunnustati parimaid üliõpilasteadlasi / Elsa Suuster, Marit Alas, Annely Aleksejev ; küsitlenud Vilma Rauniste

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Putku, Elsa, 1984-

2009-01-01

Vestlus üliõpilaste teadustööde riikliku konkursi kolme laureaadiga, kelle uurimistöö oli tehtud Saare maakonnas. Nendeks on Elsa Suuster ja Annely Aleksejev Eesti Maaülikoolist ning Marit Alas Tallinna Ülikoolist

Caracteres merísticos e biologia do cascudo, Hypostomus fluviatilis (Schubart, 1964 (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae do rio Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hitoshi Nomura

1988-07-01

Full Text Available Hypostomus fluviatilis (Schubart, 1964 é um cascudo (Loricariidae achado no rio Mogi-Guaçu, Estado de São Paulo. É espécie que pode interessar alguns criadores de peixes, por sua excelente carne. Um total de 47 exemplares (26 machos e 21 fêmeas foi analisado, capturado de março a setembro de 1975, em Emas, rio Mogi-Guaçu. Alguns caracteres merísticos e outros aspectos biológicos são fornecidos.Hypostomus fluviatilis (Schubart, 1964 is an armoured catfish (Loricariidae found in the Mogi-Guaçu river, State of São Paulo, Brazil. It is a species which may interest some fish culturists, due to is excellent meat. A total of 47 specimens (26 males and 21 females, caught from March to September 1975, at Emas Fali, Mogi-Guaçu river, was analyzed. Some meristic characters, together with biological aspects, are presented.

Functions, Evolution, and Application of the Supramolecular Machines of Hg Detoxification

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, Susan M.

2009-11-27

The bacterial mercury resistance (mer) operon functions in Hg biogeochemistry and bioremediation by converting reactive inorganic [Hg(II)] and organic [RHg(I)] mercurials to relatively inert monoatomic mercury vapor, Hg(0). Its genes regulate expression (MerR, MerD, MerOP), import Hg(II) (MerT, MerP, and MerC), and demethylate (MerB) and reduce (MerA) mercurials. We focus on how these components interact with each other and with the host cell to allow cells to survive and detoxify Hg compounds. Understanding how this ubiquitous detoxification system fits into the biology and ecology of its bacterial host is essential to guide interventions that support and enhance Hg remediation. At a more basic level, studies of interactions between the metal ion trafficking proteins in this pathway provide insights into general mechanisms used by proteins in pathways involved in trafficking of other metal ions in cells of all types of organisms, including pathways for essential metal ions such as Cu and Zn and other toxic metal ions such as Cd. In this project we focused on investigations of proteins from mer operons found in gamma-proteobacteria with specific objectives to use biophysical and biochemical approaches to detect and define (1) interactions between the structural components of the key detoxifying mer operon enzyme, mercuric ion reductase (MerA), (2) interactions between the components of MerA and the other mer operon enzyme, organomercurial lyase (MerB), and (3) to investigate the structure and interactions of integral membrane transport proteins, MerT and MerC, with MerA.

Lükati suusasild / Alar Just

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Just, Alar

2006-01-01

2005. a. oktoobris Tallinnas Pirital avatud puidust Lükati suusasilla projekteeris AS Resand (Ragnar Pabort, Alar Just) ja ehitas AS Järelpinge Inseneribüroo Aivar-Oskar Saare juhtimisel. Liimpuitdetailid valmistas AS Liimpuit. 6 värv. ill

"Ekspeditsioon Wunderlich" = "Expedition Wunderlich" / Carl-Dag Lige, Hannes Praks ; kommenteerinud Triin Ojari

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lige, Carl-Dag, 1982-

2016-01-01

Näitus "Ekspeditsioon Wunderlich" Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseumis. Autorid Katrin Talvik, Merilin Tee, Sabine Suuster, Martin Saar, Karl Taul, Alden Jõgisuu, Tõnu Lensment, Aadam Kaarma, Cael-Dag Lige, Hannes Praks. Näitus on Eesti Kunstiakadeemia ja Eesti Arhitektuurimuuseumi ühisprojekt

Maskid ja rollid Tallinna Kunstihoones / Pille-Triin Männik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Männik, Pille-Triin

2001-01-01

Tallinna XII graafikatriennaali Johannes Saare kuraatorinäitusest "Sündmus. Kujutis. Teisik" Tallinna Kunstihoones ja selle galeriis. Anu Juuraku peegelruumist, surma (A. Savadov, M. Mamsikov), armastuse (L. Gorlova) ja igapäevaste maskide (K. Gelzis, H. Weselius) teemast.

Vabastav raamat kosmilisest totaalsusest / Kaido Floren

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Floren, Kaido

2000-01-01

Arvustus: Strugatski, Arkadi, Strugatski, Boriss. Asustatud saar / tlk. Kalle Käsper ja Gohar Käsper-Markosjan. Tln: : Varrak, 1999. Vastukaja : Käsper, Kalle, Käsper-Markosjan, Gohar. Elementaarne, Watson! // Eesti Päevaleht : Arkaadia (2000) 15. jaan., lk. 10

Enam kui pool eestlastest peab Rüütli otsust õigeks

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

President Arnold Rüütli otsust mitte sõita 9. mail Moskvasse peab õigeks 61 protsensti eestlastest ja kõigest 6,1 protsensti mitteeestlastest. Kommentaarid Tartu Ülikooli politoloogiaosakonna teadurilt Vello Pettai'lt ja sotsioloog Andrus Saar'elt

Ehitusmaailma stipendiumid / Triin Ojari

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Ojari, Triin, 1974-

2001-01-01

Ehitusmaailma kaupluseketi omanik AS "Fanaal" jagas kolmandat korda välja stipendiumid ehitus-, arhitektuuri- ja restaureerimisala üliõpilastele. Stipendiumi said: Mati Raal (EKA), Andrus Räämet, Eero Tuhkanen (TTÜ), Priit Lõhmus, Mauro Ilves, Maidu Saar (EPÜ)

Midigraafika Linnagaleriis / Piret Pert

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pert, Piret

2001-01-01

Pärnu Linnagaleriis 28. juulini avatud rahvusvahelise väikegraafika näitusest "Midigrafik II". Leedu kunstniku Mikolajus Vilutise, Anu Kalmu, Helje Eelma-Saare, Sirje Eelma, Ülle Marksi ja Jüri Kassi tööde valjapanekust

Viimane kangelane sünnitab esimese inimese : Johannes Saar ajastu vaimust moodsates kangelaskujutistes / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2003-01-01

Rahvusvahelisest teemanäitusest "Viimane kangelane" Rotermanni soolalaos. Pikemalt ukraina kunstnik Arsen Savadovist, vene kunstnik Vladislav Mamõshev-Monroest, ajastukohaste kangelaste otsimisest. Ilmunud lühendatult ka kogumikus "Päevast päeva" pealkirjaga "Viimane kangelane", lk. 152-158

Long term evolution and internal architecture of high-energy banner ridges of Mer d'Iroise (Western Brittany, France) : interplay of sea-level, basement morphology, biogenic productivity and hydrodynamics

Science.gov (United States)

Le Roy, P., Sr.; Le Dantec, N.; Franzetti, M.; Delacourt, C.; Ehrhold, A.

2016-12-01

The recent completion of a coupled seismic and swath bathymetric survey, conducted across the Mer d'Iroise (Atlantic continental shelf, France), provided new data for the study of the long term evolution of deep tidal sand ridges. Three major banner sand ridges composed of biogenic sands were investigated: the Banc du Four, the Haut Fond d'Ouessant and the Banc d'Ar Men. Seismic interpretation reveals a compound internal architecture of these sand ridges with a sedimentary core forming the lower units interpreted to be shoreface deposits and overlain by sandwaves. Sandwave climbing, which combines progradation and accretion, is the major process controlling the growth of the ridges. The elevation of the preserved dune foresets reaches values of about 20 to 30 m and indicate a combination of giant dunes characterized by numerous steep (up to 20°) clinoforms corresponding to a high-energy depositional environment. All of the radiocarbon ages of the biogenic surficial deposits of the Banc du Four range from 10,036 to 2,748 cal years B.P. and suggest it has grown during the last sea-level rise. The apparent absence of recent surface deposits could be caused by a change in benthic biogenic productivity or the non-conservation of recent deposits. The multiphase accretion of the ridge is closely linked to the progressive flooding of the coastal promontories and straits that structured the igneous basement. A comparable evolutionary scheme is observed for the Haut-Fond d'Ouessant where a counter-clock wise migration of dunes characterizes the surface of the ridge. In contrast, the Banc d'Ar Men located above a regular basement displays a simpler structure with a consistent Northwestward migration of steep clinoforms. Therefore, the sand ridges of the Mer d'Iroise should be thought of as a representative example of large-scale high-energy banner banks controlled by interaction of sea-level, basement morphology, biogenic productivity, tidal and wave hydrodynamics.

Vene filmi veidrused / Arvo Pesti

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pesti, Arvo, 1956-2010

2006-01-01

Tallinnas ja Narvas peetud II vene filmide festivalist. Filmidest: "Mängides ohvrit" ("Izobrazhaja zhertvu", rezh. K. Serebrennikov), "Saar" ("Ostrov", rezh. P. Lungin),"Vokaalsed paralleelid" ("Vokalnõje paralleli", rezh. R. Hamdamov), "Uss" ("Zmeja", rezh. A. Muradov), "Vabalangemine" (rezh. B. Hlebnikov)

Lasteaed ja lihtsad asjad : lasteaed "Naba" Pirital = Kindergarten and Simple Things : the NABA Kindergarten at Pirita / Vahur Sova

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sova, Vahur

2005-01-01

Projekteerija: Teigar.Sova.Arhitektid. Autorid: Vahur Sova, Lauri Saar. Sisekujundaja Mari Tosmin. Konstruktor Tõnu Peipman (Inseneribüroo Peipman). Projekt: 2001-2003, valmis: 2004-2005. Ill.: 4 värv. välis- ja 2 sisevaadet, I korruse plaan

Ruhnu sadama sissesõidutee saab lõpuks ohutuma märgistuse

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2009-01-01

Ruhnu piirivalvekordoni ülem Rainer Sosi pöördus veeteede ameti poole, et viimane paigaldaks õnnetuste ärahoidmiseks Ruhnu saare lähedale nn Ringsu rabasse korraliku poi. Aastate jooksul on selles paigas mitmeid aluseid karile sõitnud

Veevärk laiendab haaret / Monika Puutsa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Puutsa, Monika

2005-01-01

Kuressaare Veevärk OÜ ja Veemaailm INC sõlmisid lepingu vee- ja kanalisatsioonitorustiku rajamiseks ja uuendamiseks linna 24 tänaval, mis on esimene etapp Saare maakonda hõlmavast Ühtekuuluvusfondi veemajanduse projektist. 80% ulatuses rahastab projekti EL

Küpros sattus mereväebaasi plahvatuse tagajärjel kriisi / Martin Rits

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Rits, Martin

2011-01-01

Juunis juhtunud Evangelos Florakise mereväebaasi plahvatus viis Küprose tõsisesse poliitilisse ja majandusliku kriisi. Välis- ja kaitseminister astus tagasi ning riigi krediidireiting on langenud. Enam kui poole saare elektrist tootnud Vassiliko elektrijaam on seiskunud. Kaart

Tõusevad toimetulekupiir ja töötutoetus

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Valitsuskabinet kiitis heaks sotsiaalministri ettepaneku tõsta toimetulekupiir 900 ja töötutoetus 1000 kroonini. Vt ka Vooremaa 12. Sep. 2006, lk. 4, pealkiri kujul : Toetused suurenevad. Sama ka Vooremaa : Saare Valla Teataja 11. nov. 2006, lk. 2

Sallivus - äraootav teineteise talumine? : eestlaste ja eestivenelaste vastastikuse kuvandi loomise strateegiad / Saale Taul

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Taul, Saale

2005-01-01

Sallivuse tüüpidest modernses ühiskonnas. Integratsiooni Sihtasutuse ja OÜ Saar Poll poolt 2000. a. tehtud integratsioonimonitooringu kvantitatiivsel andmestikul tuginevast uuringust, kus süvaintervjuude abil uuriti eestlaste ning eestivenelaste identiteeti. Lisatud katkendid intervjuudest ja selgitavad skeemid

Lionsi asepresident kiitis Eesti "lõvisid" / Marika Milve

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Milve, Marika, 1968-

1995-01-01

Lions klubi Eestis. Vt. ka Meie Maa "Lionsite maailma-assotsiatsiooni teine asepresident Augustino Solivo külastas Saaremaad" 8- juuni, lk. 1, Oma Saar "Augustino Soliva: tavaliselt oskavad inimesed võtta, kuid ei oska anda" 7. juuni, lk. 3

Rahvusvaheline naer läbi pisarate kunstihoones / Riin Kübarsepp

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kübarsepp, Riin, 1978-

2008-01-01

Näitus "Halb nali" Tallinna Kunstihoones, kuraator Johannes Saar. Eksponeeritakse Nathalie Djurberg'i (Rootsi), Peter Finnemore' (Wales), Ivars Gravlejs'i (Läti), Tsui Kuang-Yu (Taiwan), Marko Mäetamme (Eesti), Jüri Ojaveri (Eesti) jt. kunstnike töid

Küprose president ootab Türgilt inimõiguste täitmist / Tassos Papadopoulos ; interv. Erkki Bahovski

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Papadopoulos, Tassos

2004-01-01

Eestis viibinud Küprose president ei ole vastu Türgiga liitumiskõneluste alustamisele, ta loodab Euroopa Liidu abile saare ühendamisel. Intervjuus käsitletakse veel Euroopa Liidu põhiseaduslikku lepet, Eesti - Küprose suhteid. Lisa: Tassos Papadopoulos. Kaart

Occupational radiation exposure in nuclear medicine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gloebel, B.; Muth, H.; Keller, K.D.; Hector, G.; Lehnen, H.

1982-01-01

In a large hospital (University Hospital, Homburg/Saar, 2000 beds) the use of radionuclides was determined with the aim of a balance of the radionuclide flow through the clinic and the resulting radiation exposure for the persons involved. (author)

Nädal pildis

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Kabala laulupäevast 31. juulil. Juuli lõpul osales üle Lõuna-Järvamaa veerandsada 1.-10. klassi õpilast käsitöö ja muusikalaagris "Käsa-Musa" Õisu lasteaias, kus õpiti laule Tea Saare juhendamisel

Le pétrole et son évolution après un épandage accidentel en mer. I. L'évolution primaire Oil and How It Evolves After an Accidental Offshore Spill. I. Primary Evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bocart C.

2006-11-01

Full Text Available Cet article fait l'état des connaissances sur l'évolution au cours des premiers jours d'une coupe pétrolière accidentellement répandue en mer. Cette évolution primaire se fait sous les influences simultanées de l'étalement, de l'évaporation, de la dissolution, de la dispersion et parfois de la sédimentation. Au cours de cette évolution les modifications de la composition chimique des coupes pétrolières se traduisent par de nouvelles propriétés physiques, qui à leur tour influent sur le comportement du pétrole en mer. Un second article doit faire l'état des connaissances sur la suite des modifications que peut subir la coupe pétrolière quand, n'ayant pas disparu ou n'ayant pu être, ramassée, elle continue à évoluer. This article reviews what is known about how on ail cut evolves during the first few days after having been accidentally spilled of sea. This initial evolution occurs under the simultaneous influences of spreading, evaporation, dissolution, dispersion and sometimes sédimentation. During this evolution, changes in the chemical composition of cil cuts are revealed by new physical properties which in turn influence the behavior of ail at sec. A second article will review what is known about the subsequent changes the ail cut moy undergo as if continues to evolve when it hos not disopoeared or been, oicked up.

Sinine Laguun - sinine pärl mustade laavaväljade embuses / Riina Luik

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Luik, Riina, 1962-

2010-01-01

Islandi loodusest, geisritest ning kuumaveeallikatest ja nende kasutamisest saare kütteallikatena ning spaaturismis, täpsemalt Sinise Laguuni nimelise termaaljärve juurde ehitatud ülimoodsast sama nimelisest kompleksist, kus on nii spaa, restoran, kliinik psoriaasihaigetele, kui ka konverentsikeskus

Vladimir Panov : obvinenija nado dokazõvat / Vladimir Panov ; interv. Jana Toom

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Panov, Vladimir, 1941-

2008-01-01

Pistisevõtmises süüdistatud Tallinna endine abilinnapea Vladimir Panov vastab küsimustele, mis puudutavad viieaastast kohtuprotsessi ning Äripäeva ja meedia suhtumist talle esitatud süüdistusse. Kommenteerivad: Tarmu Tammerk, Andrus Saar, Edgar Savisaar

Tööjõu liikuvus Euroopa Liidus / Tereza Nesterko

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nesterko, Tereza

2007-01-01

Tööjõu mobiilsusest Euroopa Liidus ja Eestis. Konsultatsioonifirma PricewaterhouseCoopers poolt 2002. aastal läbi viidud Euroopa tööjõu mobiilsust käsitleva uuringu tulemused ja uuringufirma SaarPoll poolt Eestis korraldatud küsitlusuuringust

Vanadusest infantiilsuseni / Teet Veispak

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veispak, Teet, 1955-

2005-01-01

Aprillikuu näitustest Tallinnas. Pikemalt Reet Varblase kureeritud näitusest "Homo grandis natu" Tallinna Kunstihoones, Jaan Paavle ja Tanel Saare näitustest Draakoni galeriis, Külli K. Kaatsi ja Daniele Mosca väljapanekust "Salajased aiad" Kunstihoone galeriis

Graafika müstiline olemus / Kiwa

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kiwa, pseud., 1975-

2001-01-01

Tallinna XII graafikatriennaali näitustest "Muutuv kujund" Rotermanni soolalaos ja Johannes Saare kureeritud "Sündmus. Kujutis. Teisik" Tallinna Kunstihoones ja selle galeriis. M. Ratnikshi. S. Griersoni, E. Bzheskase, L. Laganovskise, J. Boiko, A. Tali, A. Juani töödest

11. IV avati Draakoni galeriis...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Tanel Saare (sünd. 1979) näitus "Gott und huhn episode IV: seed shower". Eksponeeritakse väljavõtteid aktsioonidest aastatel 2000-2004 Turus, Nürnbergis, Berliinis, Lohusalus ja Soulis. Osa aktsioone toimus koos rühmitusega Non Grata

Kuidas erivajadustega lastega toime tulla teoorias ja praktikas / Pamela Talzi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Talzi, Pamela

2016-01-01

Osilia koolituskeskuses toimuvatest tasuta eripedagoogika kursustest Saare maakonna üldhariduskoolide ja lasteaedade õpetajatele. Projekt sündis Osilia koolituskeskuse ja Tallinna Ülikooli koostöös. Koolituse kohta jagab selgitusi ka Tallinna Ülikooli õpetajate akadeemia koolitusjuht Külli Rauk

Muuseum - market? Bach või Meie Mees? / Valner Valme

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Valme, Valner, 1970-

2005-01-01

28. septembril 2005. a. Rüütelkonna hoones toimunud avalikult arutelult muuseumi koha ja funktsiooni üle tänapäeva ühiskonnas. Vestlusringis Jaak Kangilaski, Rein Raud, Eha Komissarov, Merike Lang, Johannes Saar, Anders Härm, Sirje Helme jt

Eesti harrastusfilm võitis esikoha

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2007-01-01

Tallinna V rahvusvahelise amatöörfilmide festivali peaauhind jagunes nelja filmi vahel, millest üks oli Eesti "Elevanti nägema" (tegijad Sandra Dürdorth, Maureen Apel, Kalev Saar, Leon Shamis). Teised võitjad olid Austria (2 filmi) ja Soome

Pilistvere rehehoones tapetakse Rasputin / Kaarel Aluoja

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Aluoja, Kaarel

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietendunud Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse tõi välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Rasputin - lugu rahva latvade juurimisest / Kati Murutar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Murutar, Kati, 1967-

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietendunud Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse tõi välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Pilistvere vana rehe all päästetakse Venemaad / Krista Valdvee

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Valdvee, Krista, 1978-

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietendunud Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse tõi välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Pilistveres saab homme kohtuda Rasputiniga / Ülle Lätte

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lätte, Ülle, 1955-

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietenduvast Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse toob välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Ellunäod toovad välja "Rasputini" / Riina Mägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mägi, Riina, 1957-

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietenduvast Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse toob välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Pilistveres tegutseb Rasputin / Margus Haav

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Haav, Margus, 1969-

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietenduvast Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse toob välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Rasputin : Rahvakese jaoks on vaja elada / Margus Mikomägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mikomägi, Margus, 1956-

2008-01-01

7. aug. Pilistvere vanas rehehoones esietendunud Ain Saviaugu kirjutatud ja lavastatud suvetükist "Rasputin". Suvelavastuse tõi välja Põltsamaa Teater Ellunäod koos professionaalsete näitlejatega. Nimiosas mängib näitlejast riigikogulane Indrek Saar

Euroopa Liidu toetused Natura 2000 aladele / Kadri Möller

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Möller, Kadri

2008-01-01

Euroopa Liidu toetustest Natura 2000 aladel asuvate maade omanikele. Ilmunud ka Oma Saar 30. mai 2008, lk. 4 ; Vooremaa 29. mai 2008, lk. 2 ; Vali Uudised 30. mai 2008, lk. 3 ; Virumaa Teataja : Roheline Maakond 15. juuli 2008, lk. 3

Tööjõu vaba liikumine : kas tõsine oht Eesti tööturule? / Epp Kallaste, Kaia Philips

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kallaste, Epp

2004-01-01

Eesti inimeste suhtumisest ja selle muutumisest EL-i riikides töötamisse, tuginedes SaarPolli 2000. ja 2003. aasta küsitlustele. Eesti tööjõu senisest ajutisest töökogemusest välismaal. Tabelid. Diagramm

Four vision of contemporary Estonian art : the series of exhibitions Estonian art / Heie Treier

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Treier, Heie, 1963-

2000-01-01

Neljast eesti kunsti näitusest 2000. a. märtsis-aprillis Tartus ja Tallinnas, nende kuraatoritest: Toomas Vint, Reet Varblane, Peeter Allik, Johannes Saar. Déj́-vu (Tallinn). Naturalism (Tallinn). AIDS kultuuris (Tallinn). Eneseksjäämine (Tartu)

Relationships among cell survival, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity, and reactivation of methylated adenovirus 5 and herpes simplex virus type 1 in human melanoma cell lines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maynard, K.; Parsons, P.G.; Cerny, T.; Margison, G.P. (Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston (Australia))

1989-09-01

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) activity and host cell reactivation (HCR) of 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC)-methylated viruses were compared in human melanoma cell lines that were sensitive or resistant to killing by the antitumor DNA-methylating agent MTIC. Enhanced HCR of adenovirus 5 (defined as the Mer+ phenotype) generally showed a semiquantitative correlation with the natural or induced resistance of the host cells to the toxic effects of MTIC and to the level of ATase activity. However, one MTIC-resistant cell line was found (MM170) which had a low level of ATase and intermediate HCR of adenovirus. The HCR of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was enhanced in the Mer+ cells that had natural resistance to MTIC compared with Mer- cells. On the other hand, HCR of HSV-1 in Mer+ cells with induced resistance to MTIC was similar to that in Mer- cells. Neither adenovirus 5 nor HSV-1 infection induced ATase activity in Mer- cells. This indicates that resistance to the toxic effects of methylating agents is not invariably associated with high levels of ATase activity in human melanoma cells. Furthermore, while induction of the Mer+ phenotype from Mer- cells was usually accompanied by the recovery of ATase activity, induced Mer+ cells had less proficient repair than natural Mer+ cells, as judged quantitatively by slightly lower cellular resistance and qualitatively by deficient HCR response for HSV-1. These results suggest that the Mer- and induced Mer+ cells lack an ATase-independent DNA repair mechanism. No differences in MTIC-induced DNA repair synthesis or strand breaks were found between the Mer-, natural Mer+, and induced Mer+ phenotypes. However, UV-induced DNA repair synthesis was higher in the natural Mer+ than in the Mer- or induced Mer+ cells, both of which had increased cellular sensitivity to the antimetabolites methotrexate and hydroxyurea.

Relationships among cell survival, O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase activity, and reactivation of methylated adenovirus 5 and herpes simplex virus type 1 in human melanoma cell lines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maynard, K.; Parsons, P.G.; Cerny, T.; Margison, G.P.

1989-01-01

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (ATase) activity and host cell reactivation (HCR) of 5-(3-methyl-1-triazeno)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC)-methylated viruses were compared in human melanoma cell lines that were sensitive or resistant to killing by the antitumor DNA-methylating agent MTIC. Enhanced HCR of adenovirus 5 (defined as the Mer+ phenotype) generally showed a semiquantitative correlation with the natural or induced resistance of the host cells to the toxic effects of MTIC and to the level of ATase activity. However, one MTIC-resistant cell line was found (MM170) which had a low level of ATase and intermediate HCR of adenovirus. The HCR of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was enhanced in the Mer+ cells that had natural resistance to MTIC compared with Mer- cells. On the other hand, HCR of HSV-1 in Mer+ cells with induced resistance to MTIC was similar to that in Mer- cells. Neither adenovirus 5 nor HSV-1 infection induced ATase activity in Mer- cells. This indicates that resistance to the toxic effects of methylating agents is not invariably associated with high levels of ATase activity in human melanoma cells. Furthermore, while induction of the Mer+ phenotype from Mer- cells was usually accompanied by the recovery of ATase activity, induced Mer+ cells had less proficient repair than natural Mer+ cells, as judged quantitatively by slightly lower cellular resistance and qualitatively by deficient HCR response for HSV-1. These results suggest that the Mer- and induced Mer+ cells lack an ATase-independent DNA repair mechanism. No differences in MTIC-induced DNA repair synthesis or strand breaks were found between the Mer-, natural Mer+, and induced Mer+ phenotypes. However, UV-induced DNA repair synthesis was higher in the natural Mer+ than in the Mer- or induced Mer+ cells, both of which had increased cellular sensitivity to the antimetabolites methotrexate and hydroxyurea

La bibliothèque dans Le Silence de la mer, un espace symbolique

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nathalie Gibert-Joly

2008-10-01

Full Text Available Le Silence de la mer, écrit en 1941 et publié en 1942, est un livre culte qui a consacré son auteur Vercors – de son vrai nom Jean Bruller - comme un des écrivains de la Résistance. A la Libération, ce premier volume de la maison d’édition clandestine les Editions de Minuit, a été immédiatement réimprimé, puis suivi d’une adaptation théâtrale en 1949 dans une mise en scène de Jean Mercure, et du film très fidèle de Jean-Pierre Melville. Si on ne l’a pas lu, on en connaît du moins l’histoire, celle d’un officier allemand Werner von Ebrennac qu’un oncle et sa nièce sont obligés d’accueillir dans leur maison. Chaque soir, cet homme cultivé comble le silence, forme de résistance de ses hôtes, par ses monologues illusoires exprimant son espoir d’union entre l’Allemagne et la France. Quand il apprend finalement les véritables intentions de son pays, il se résigne, ce que le narrateur réprouve hautement, s’engage pour le front de l’est et quitte à jamais la nièce, symbole dans son esprit de cette France digne qu’il admire et aime tant.Ce livre incontournable, posé librement aujourd’hui sur les étagères des bibliothèques publiques et privées, a été largement commenté. Nous nous risquons néanmoins à proposer une nouvelle entrée : dans ce bref essai, nous nous permettrons de pénétrer dans ce récit par le biais de la bibliothèque qui trône majestueusement dans la salle de l’oncle et de sa nièce et nous essaierons de montrer que cet espace symbolique offre une circulation riche d’interprétations nombreuses de l’imaginaire du texte au réel le plus immédiat.

Tumor imaging and targeting potential of an Hsp70-derived 14-mer peptide.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mathias Gehrmann

Full Text Available We have previously used a unique mouse monoclonal antibody cmHsp70.1 to demonstrate the selective presence of a membrane-bound form of Hsp70 (memHsp70 on a variety of leukemia cells and on single cell suspensions derived from solid tumors of different entities, but not on non-transformed cells or cells from corresponding 'healthy' tissue. This antibody can be used to image tumors in vivo and target them for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Tumor-specific expression of memHsp70 therefore has the potential to be exploited for theranostic purposes. Given the advantages of peptides as imaging and targeting agents, this study assessed whether a 14-mer tumor penetrating peptide (TPP; TKDNNLLGRFELSG, the sequence of which is derived from the oligomerization domain of Hsp70 which is expressed on the cell surface of tumor cells, can also be used for targeting membrane Hsp70 positive (memHsp70+ tumor cells, in vitro.The specificity of carboxy-fluorescein (CF- labeled TPP (TPP to Hsp70 was proven in an Hsp70 knockout mammary tumor cell system. TPP specifically binds to different memHsp70+ mouse and human tumor cell lines and is rapidly taken up via endosomes. Two to four-fold higher levels of CF-labeled TPP were detected in MCF7 (82% memHsp70+ and MDA-MB-231 (75% memHsp70+ cells compared to T47D cells (29% memHsp70+ that exhibit a lower Hsp70 membrane positivity. After 90 min incubation, TPP co-localized with mitochondrial membranes in memHsp70+ tumors. Although there was no evidence that any given vesicle population was specifically localized, fluorophore-labeled cmHsp70.1 antibody and TPP preferentially accumulated in the proximity of the adherent surface of cultured cells. These findings suggest a potential association between membrane Hsp70 expression and cytoskeletal elements that are involved in adherence, the establishment of intercellular synapses and/or membrane reorganization.This study demonstrates the specific binding and rapid

Ellujäämiskursus / interv. Sandra Jõgeva

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2008-01-01

Non Grata Kunstikonteineris kuni 17. XI näitus "Dekonstruktsioon/Rekonstruktsioon", Orion Maxtedi ja Tanel Saare workshop'i jäädvustus. Workship'is osalesid performance'i-kunstnikud Beth Greenhalgh, Samuel Hasler, Yoko Ishiguro, maalikunstnik Josephine Wood, helikunstnik Simon Whetham ja Sandra Jõgeva

Meri, munklus ja tööstusmaastik / Kaire Nurk

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Nurk, Kaire, 1960-

2003-01-01

Video-tegevuskunsti sündmus "Saar 2003" 5. juulil Viinistus ja Mohnil. Osa võtsid Erik Alalooga, sakslased Uwe Schloen ja Georg Janthur, Jaan Toomik, Jaan Paavle, Silja Saarepuu, Villu Plink, Jüri Ojaver, venelanna Tatjana Goloviznina, lõuna-aafriklane Steven Cohen

Vennalik abi / Raul-Levroit Kivi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kivi, Raul-Levroit, 1920-2009

1999-01-01

Vabariikliku projekteerimisinstituudi "Estonprojekt" Tartu filiaali juhataja Kuno Tiku väljavahetamisest Venemaalt tulnud Nikolai Toomega. Arhitektide vastuhakust. Lk. 83-84 1954. a. 24. detsembri "Edasis" pseudonüümi E. Saar all ilmunud Olaf Uti kollektiivi toetav artikkel "Ühe kollektiivi mured"

Röa mõisapaviljon = Röa manor pavilion / Leila, Pärtelpoeg ; intervjueerinud Margit Mutso

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Pärtelpoeg, Leila, 1927-

2011-01-01

Röa mõisa peahoone taastamisest. Kontseptsiooni autor ja sisearhitekt Leila Pärtelpoeg. Arhitekt Ülar Saar (AB Ruum). Leila Pärtelpoeg pälvis Röa mõisa pargipaviljoni eest EK arhitektuuri sihtkapitali 2010. a. sisearhitektuuripreemia, tellija Jaan Meikup arhitektuuri sihtkapitali tunnustuse

7. I kell 18 avatakse Pärnu Muuseumi Aidas...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Urmas Viigi juhendatud EKA graafikaüliõpilaste tööde näitus, toimuvad ka Pink Pungi, Ernest Truely, Lexxxa, Ville-Karel Viirelaiu, Egle Veske, Remo Randveri, Toomas Kuusingu, Meeland Sepa, Sorge, Sirami (Mari Kartau), Billeneeve, Tanel Saare performance'id

Viljandi sõudeelling = Viljandi Rowing Slipway / Margit Mutso

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mutso, Margit, 1966-

2010-01-01

Viljandis Ranna pst. 13 asuva sõudeellingu arhitektuursest lahendusest. Arhitektid Lauri Saar, Toomas Paaver, Indrek Järve (Paik Arhitektid OÜ), kaasautorid Jaak-Adam Looveer, Tõnu Laanemäe. Žürii liige Kalle Komissarov žürii hinnangust kultuurkapitali aastapreemiale esitatud ehitisele

Avastatud klaas / Kai Lobjakas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lobjakas, Kai, 1975-

2006-01-01

Euroopa kõrgkoolide klaasieriala üliõpilaste tööde näitus "Discovery / Avastusretk" Kullo galeriis kuni 19. V. Rahvusvahelise ürituse korraldajaks oli EKA klaasikunsti osakond eesotsas Mare Saare ja Tiina Sarapuga. Pikemalt Ave Maseri tööst "Maandumine"

Halb nali. Oma viga? / Maria-Kristiina Soomre

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Soomre, Maria-Kristiina, 1978-

2007-01-01

Näitus "Halb nali" Tallinna Kunstihoones kuni 6. I 2008. Kuraator Johannes Saar, kunstnikud: Tamy Ben-Tor, Nathalie Djurberg, Peter Finnemore, Paul Granjon, Ivars Gravlejs, Igor Grubic, Zlatko Kopljar, Tsui Kuang-Yu, Marko Mäetamm, Jüri Ojaver, Julian Rosefeldt, Tommi Toija

Eesti Gaas tahab Eesti ja Soome vahele gaasitoru ehitada / Mikk Salu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Salu, Mikk, 1975-

2006-01-01

Eesti Gaasi juhi Aarne Saare sõnul võiks Eesti-Soome gaasijuhe valmida aastail 2010-2012, praegu uuritakse projekti teostatavust. Läti suurendab Incukalnsi gaasihoidla mahtu, Latvijas Gaze esindaja Vincents Makarise sõnul võiks Lätist saada üks EL-i gaasihoidlatest

Kas töötukassa soovitab lapsed CV-st välja jätta? / Mari Kodres

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kodres, Mari

2010-01-01

Karjäärinõustaja Tiina Saare väitel selgus vestlusest töötukassa ühe konsultandiga, et töötukassa klientidel soovitatakse lapsi elulookirjeldusse mitte märkida. Töötukassa nõustamisteenuste ala teenustejuhi Lana Randaru selgitus

Põhjala fotomuuseumis / Eha Vain

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vain, Eha

1999-01-01

22. apr.-st Tallinna raevangla Fotomuuseumis fotonäitus "Põhjala saared". Fotograafid Göte Ask Gotlandilt, Absalon Hansen Fääri saartelt ja Andy Horner Ahvenamaalt tutvustavad oma töödes kodusaarte loodust; Tartu kunstikooli fototudengid Eesti saarte inimesi ja nende eluolu.

Palverännaku tee õpetab kogemuse kaudu / Katri Soe

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Soe, Katri

2006-01-01

Camino de Santiago ehk Santiago tee juhtimiskoolitusest. Kommenteerivad koolituse läbinud Mistra-Autexi projektijuht Siiri Vaaderpass, AS-i Saare Finants juhataja Alar Tõru, AS-i Tobaccoland Eesti juhatuse esimees Mall Bakler ning koolituse organisaator ja läbiviija Aira Tammemäe

Yeast as an indicator of surface water pollution; Hefe als Bioindikator fuer Gewaesserverunreinigung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bomhard, S. von [Gymnasium Saarburg (Germany)

2003-06-01

The vitality of yeast strains in aqueous solutions is affected by pollutants. In her contribution to 'Jugend forscht', the author added typical water pollutants like kitchen salt, salad oil, detergents and diesel oil to a nutrient broth with yeast in laboratory conditions and measured and analyzed their effects on the basis of CO{sub 2} emissions. In a practical test, water samples of the Saar river were investigated in the same manner, with interesting results. [German] Die Vitalitaet von Hefestaemmen in waessrigen Loesungen wird durch Verunreinigungen beeinflusst. In einer Arbeit zum Wettbewerb 'Jugend forscht' hat die Autorin unter Laborbedingungen typische Gewaesserschadstoffe wie Kochsalz, Speiseoel, Waschmittel und Dieseloel in eine Naehrloesung mit Hefe eingebracht und die Wirkung der Verunreinigungen anhand der freigesetzten CO{sub 2}-Menge gemessen und bewertet. Als praktische Anwendung der Versuche wurden Wasserproben der Saar in gleicher Weise mit interessanten Resultaten untersucht.

Development of a transgenic tobacco plant for phytoremediation of methylmercury pollution.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagata, Takeshi; Morita, Hirofumi; Akizawa, Toshifumi; Pan-Hou, Hidemitsu

2010-06-01

To develop the potential of plant for phytoremediation of methylmercury pollution, a genetically engineered tobacco plant that coexpresses organomercurial lyase (MerB) with the ppk-specified polyphosphate (polyP) and merT-encoding mercury transporter was constructed by integrating a bacterial merB gene into ppk/merT-transgenic tobacco. A large number of independent transgenic tobaccos was obtained, in some of which the merB gene was stably integrated in the plant genome and substantially translated to the expected MerB enzyme in the transgenic tobacco. The ppk/merT/merB-transgenic tobacco callus showed more resistance to methylmercury (CH3Hg+) and accumulated more mercury from CH3Hg+-containing medium than the ppk/merT-transgenic and wild-type progenitors. These results suggest that the MerB enzyme encoded by merB degraded the incorporated CH3Hg+ to Hg2+, which then accumulated as a less toxic Hg-polyP complex in the tobacco cells. Phytoremediation of CH3Hg+ and Hg2+ in the environment with this engineered ppk/merT/merB-transgenic plant, which prevents the release mercury vapor (Hg0) into the atmosphere in addition to generating potentially recyclable mercury-rich plant residues, is believed to be more acceptable to the public than other competing technologies, including phytovolatilization.

Molecular mechanisms of plasmid-determined mercury and cadmium resistances in bacteria

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nucifora, G.

1989-01-01

The structural basis for induction of the broad spectrum mercurial resistance operon of pDU1358 with inorganic mercury and with phenylmercury acetate was addressed by DNA sequencing analysis (that showed that a major difference occurred in the 3' 29 base pairs of the ital merR gene compared to the merR genes of Tn501 and R100) and by lac-fusion transcription experiments regulated by merR in trans. The lac-fusion results were compared with those from a narrow spectrum operon, and the pDU1358 merR deleted at the 3' end. A hybrid mer operon containing the merR gene from pDU1358 and lacking the merB gene was inducible by both phenylmercury and inorganic Hg 2+ , showing that organomercurial lyase is not needed for induction by organomercurials. A mutant form of pDU1358 merR missing the C-terminal 17 amino acids responded to inorganic Hg 2+ but not to phenylmercury, indicating that the C-terminal region of the MerR protein of the pDU1358 mer operon is required for the recognition of phenylmercury acetate. The down regulation of the mer operon by the merD gene was also measured in trans with complementing mer operons of pDU1358 or R100 or merD - mutants. In the presence of the merD gene, beta-galactosidase activity was lowered by 2 to 4 fold. The merD gene gene product was visualized by autoradiography. The Cd 2+ resistance determinant cadA of S. aureus was investigated. The nucleotide sequence of the DNA fragment containing the cadA determinant revealed two open reading frames the larger one of which is essential for expression of cadmium resistance

Final Report - Molecular Mechanisms of Bacterial Mercury Transformation - UCSF

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Miller, Susan M. [UCSF

2014-04-24

The bacterial mercury resistance (mer) operon functions in Hg biogeochemistry and bioremediation by converting reactive inorganic Hg(II) and organic [RHg(II)]1+ mercurials to relatively inert monoatomic mercury vapor, Hg(0). Its genes regulate operon expression (MerR, MerD, MerOP), import Hg(II) (MerT, MerP, and MerC), and demethylate (MerB) and reduce (MerA) mercurials. We focus on how these components interact with each other and with the host cell to allow cells to survive and detoxify Hg compounds. Understanding how this ubiquitous detoxification system fits into the biology and ecology of its bacterial host is essential to guide interventions that support and enhance Hg remediation. In the current overall project we focused on two aspects of this system: (1) investigations of the energetics of Hg(II)-ligand binding interactions, and (2) both experimental and computational approaches to investigating the molecular mechanisms of Hg(II) acquisition by MerA and intramolecular transfer of Hg(II) prior to reduction within the MerA enzyme active site. Computational work was led by Prof. Jeremy Smith and took place at the University of Tennessee, while experimental work on MerA was led by Prof. Susan Miller and took place at the University of California San Francisco.

2004. aasta prognoos / Edda Paukson, Eduard Paukson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paukson, Edda

2004-01-01

Vt. ka Järva Teataja, Põhjarannik : Laupäev ; Severnoje Poberezhje : Subbota, Virumaa Teataja, Võrumaa Teataja : Elu 3. jaan., Pärnu Postimees 6.,8. jaan., Harjumaa 6., 9.,13. jaan., Meie Maa : Oma Saar 10. jaan. Erinevatel lehekülgedel ja erinevate pealkirjade all

Archaeological studies in Hanila Church and Karuse Churchyard / Villu Kadakas, Guido Toos

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Kadakas, Villu, 1972-

2013-01-01

Lähestikku asuvatest kirikutest, mis tõenäoliselt rajati juba 1220. aastatel kuulusid keskajal erinevate valitsejate alla. Hanila Saare-Lääne piiskopkonnale ja Karuse Liivi Ordule. Mõlemad kirikud paistavad silma suure kollektsiooni trapetsikujuliste hauaplaatidega, mis kuuluvad Eesti hauaplaatide varaseimasse tüüpi

Diskussioon : põlvkondadevaheline konflikt - kas ka Eestis?

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2006-01-01

Järelkaja Director, 2006/Jun, nr. 5, lk. 14-21 ilmunud artiklile põlvkondade vahelistest konfliktidest ettevõtetes. Küsimusele vastavad MicroLinki juhatuse esimees Enn Saar, rahandusministeeriumi personaliosakonna juhataja Ele-Mall Vainomäe, rahandusministeeriumi koolitusjuht Ly Pihlak ning EMT personalijuht Terje Kuusik

Targa Maja kompetentsikeskus Rakveres = Smart House Competence Centre in Rakvere / Oliver Alver

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Alver, Oliver, 1977-

2016-01-01

Targa Maja kompetentsikeskus Rakveres, Lai tänav 20. Arhitektid Oliver Alver, Andres Alver, Indrek Rünkla, Tarmo Laht, Ott Alver, Sven Koppel, Ulla Saar (Alver Arhitektid). Sisearhitektid Jan Graps, Ken Ruut, Anne Määrmann (Jan&Ken OÜ). Kultuurkapitali Arhitektuuri sihtkapitali aastapreemia nominent 2016

Kunst viib saunakultuuri maakera kuklapoolele

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2010-01-01

Kultuuritehases Polymer tegutsev Art Container tutvustab Austraalias Brisbane'i festivalil eesti saunakultuuri. Eksponeeritakse arhitektuurilist installatsiooni (kasutatud akendest ehitatud läbipaistev saun) ja esitatakse interaktiivset performance'it "Kümblejad". Töö autorid on Erik Alalooga, Tanel Saar, Sandra Jõgeva, Janno Bergmann, Hans-Gunter Lock

16. oktoobril 2005 Kõik valima! : [luuletused

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Sisu: Inna Feldbach. "Tegin vahtralehdedele põletusmatust..." ; Katrin Väli. Ülesanne: vrais ou faut ; Karl Martin Sinijärv. Monkey Doodle ehk Kommarid? Kahju... ; Andra Teede. Suurte siniste silmade maa ; Tiina Saar. Valijale ; Kohutav keskerakohuke / tundmatu netifolklorist ; Julius Ürt. Etteütlus

Analysis of gene expression in resynthesized Brassica napus Allopolyploids using arabidopsis 70mer oligo microarrays.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robert T Gaeta

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Studies in resynthesized Brassica napus allopolyploids indicate that homoeologous chromosome exchanges in advanced generations (S(5ratio6 alter gene expression through the loss and doubling of homoeologous genes within the rearrangements. Rearrangements may also indirectly affect global gene expression if homoeologous copies of gene regulators within rearrangements have differential affects on the transcription of genes in networks. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We utilized Arabidopsis 70mer oligonucleotide microarrays for exploring gene expression in three resynthesized B. napus lineages at the S(0ratio1 and S(5ratio6 generations as well as their diploid progenitors B. rapa and B. oleracea. Differential gene expression between the progenitors and additive (midparent expression in the allopolyploids were tested. The S(5ratio6 lines differed in the number of genetic rearrangements, allowing us to test if the number of genes displaying nonadditive expression was related to the number of rearrangements. Estimates using per-gene and common variance ANOVA models indicated that 6-15% of 26,107 genes were differentially expressed between the progenitors. Individual allopolyploids showed nonadditive expression for 1.6-32% of all genes. Less than 0.3% of genes displayed nonadditive expression in all S(0ratio1 lines and 0.1-0.2% were nonadditive among all S(5ratio6 lines. Differentially expressed genes in the polyploids were over-represented by genes differential between the progenitors. The total number of differentially expressed genes was correlated with the number of genetic changes in S(5ratio6 lines under the common variance model; however, there was no relationship using a per-gene variance model, and many genes showed nonadditive expression in S(0ratio1 lines. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Few genes reproducibly demonstrated nonadditive expression among lineages, suggesting few changes resulted from a general response to polyploidization

Klaas ja mõis / Maie-Ann Raun

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Raun, Maie-Ann, 1938-

2007-01-01

Klaasikunstinäitus "Ringkäik" Albu mõisas, kuraatorid Virve Kiil, Kati Kerstna, Kairi Orgusaar. Eksponeeritakse Tiina Sarapu, Mare Saare, Eeva Käsperi, Kai Kiudsoo-Värvi, Pilvi Ojamaa, Merle Bukoveci, Kalli Seina, Viivi-Ann Keerdo, Liisi Junolaineni, Kristiina Uslari, Ivo Lille töid

Vähihaiged lapsed jäädvustasid halli haiglaelu piltidele / Madis Filippov

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Filippov, Madis

2011-01-01

Tallinna Lastehaigla onkoloogiaosakonnas ravitavate laste fotoringi näitus "Pildid teevad head" Sokos Hotel Viru konverentsikeskuses. Natalja Rogova, Kristen Saar ja Ralf Põllukivi räägivad oma fotodest ja elust haiglas. Samal teemal "Uus pilk elule: vähihaiged lapsed avasid fotonäituse" lk. 1

Kõrkjasaar Põlvas = Bulrush Island in Põlva / Anna-Liisa Unt

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Unt, Anna-Liisa, 1982-

2004-01-01

Põlvas 2003. a. korraldatud ideevõistluste tulemused: keskpargi võistlus: II preemia - OÜ Kaunimad Aiad, III - Mart Mets; paisjärve kujunduse konkurss: II - Anna-Liisa Unt, III - Mart Mets. A.-L. Undi realiseeritud võistlustööst, paisjärve saare valguskujundusest. 4 ill

Eridiplom õppefilmi eest / Riina Mägi

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Mägi, Riina, 1957-

2007-01-01

Eesti 42. amatöörfilmide festivalil Tallinna Kinomajas tunnistati parimaks õppefilmiks põltsamaalase Väino Valdmanni "Valli Lember-Bogatkina meistriklass". Kolm auhinda (seejuures parima täiskasvanud autorifilm) sai"Elevanti nägema" (autorid S. Dürdoth, M. Apel, L. Shamis, K. Saar) Ka teistest auhinnasaajatest

4. VII kell 17 avatakse Haapsalu Evald Okase muuseumis rahvusvaheline klaasinäitus...

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2004-01-01

Ühtlasi lõpevad II Haapsalu klaasipäevad "Maritima". Korraldaja Kai Koppel. Klaasi puhuvad Rait Parts, Robert Tannahill Kanadast, Sun Hwan Hong Koreast, Kai Koppel. Näitusel näeb eesti klaasikunstnike Mare Saare, Ivo Lille, Rait Präätsa jt. töid

Mitte-Augé mittekohad / Terje Toomistu

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Toomistu, Terje

2012-01-01

Maailma tuntumaid antropolooge Marc Augé külastas seoses oma teose "Kohad ja mittekohad : sissejuhatus ülimodernsuse antropoloogiasse" (Tallinna Ülikooli Kirjastus, 2012, tlk. Anti Saar) eestikeelse tõlke ilmumise ja Tallinna Ülikooli humanitaarinstituudi ning kultuuriteaduste ja kunstide doktorikooli intensiivseminariga 12.-13. oktoobril Eestit

Migration et développement : les politiques de la Chine et de l’Inde à l’égard de leurs communautés d’outre-mer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jérôme Elie

2011-05-01

Full Text Available En se basant sur les cas de l’Inde et de la Chine, deux pays à forte émigration qui ont élaboré des politiques visant à favoriser les liens avec leurs ressortissants vivant à l’étranger, cet article propose une contribution au débat académique et politique sur les relations qui existent entre le phénomène migratoire et le développement des pays d’origine. En prenant comme exemple les mesures que ces deux pays ont échafaudées en faveur de leurs communautés outre-mer, il est possible de relever la nécessité de créer une ou des structures institutionnelles promouvant les initiatives individuelles. Une telle démarche permet également de souligner l’importance de la dimension réciproque qui ne doit pas manquer de s’instaurer entre le gouvernement du pays d’origine et les migrants.

Échinodermes, peintes d’après nature par les soins de Kuhl, van Hasselt et Sal. Müller, membres de la Commission pour l’exploration physique des possessions d’outre-mer des Pays-Bas, publiées d’après les cartons du Musée Royal d’histoire naturelle à Leide

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Herklots, J.A.

1869-01-01

La publication des planches qui composent le présent recueil me fournit l’occasion de faire connaître quelques uns des fruits de la libéralité, avec laquelle feu notre auguste Roi GUILLAUME I a daigné subvenir aux sciences, tout en faisant faire l’exploration de nos possessions d’outre-mer. Des

NMR Spectroscopic Characterization of Methylcobalt(III) Compounds with Classical Ligands. Crystal Structures of [Co(NH(3))(5)(CH(3))]S(2)O(6), trans-[Co(en)(2)(NH(3))(CH(3))]S(2)O(6) (en = 1,2-Ethanediamine), and [Co(NH(3))(6)]-mer,trans-[Co(NO(2))(3)(NH(

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kofod, Pauli; Harris, Pernille; Larsen, Sine

1997-01-01

magnetic resonance spectroscopy and by absorption spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray structure determinations at 122.0(5) K were performed on [Co(NH(3))(5)(CH(3))]S(2)O(6) (1), trans-[Co(en)(2)(NH(3))(CH(3))]S(2)O(6) (2), and [Co(NH(3))(6)]-mer,trans-[Co(NO(2))(3)(NH(3))(2)(CH(3))](2)-trans-[Co(NO(2...

Subcellular Targeting of Methylmercury Lyase Enhances Its Specific Activity for Organic Mercury Detoxification in Plants1

Science.gov (United States)

Bizily, Scott P.; Kim, Tehryung; Kandasamy, Muthugapatti K.; Meagher, Richard B.

2003-01-01

Methylmercury is an environmental pollutant that biomagnifies in the aquatic food chain with severe consequences for humans and other animals. In an effort to remove this toxin in situ, we have been engineering plants that express the bacterial mercury resistance enzymes organomercurial lyase MerB and mercuric ion reductase MerA. In vivo kinetics experiments suggest that the diffusion of hydrophobic organic mercury to MerB limits the rate of the coupled reaction with MerA (Bizily et al., 2000). To optimize reaction kinetics for organic mercury compounds, the merB gene was engineered to target MerB for accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum and for secretion to the cell wall. Plants expressing the targeted MerB proteins and cytoplasmic MerA are highly resistant to organic mercury and degrade organic mercury at 10 to 70 times higher specific activity than plants with the cytoplasmically distributed wild-type MerB enzyme. MerB protein in endoplasmic reticulum-targeted plants appears to accumulate in large vesicular structures that can be visualized in immunolabeled plant cells. These results suggest that the toxic effects of organic mercury are focused in microenvironments of the secretory pathway, that these hydrophobic compartments provide more favorable reaction conditions for MerB activity, and that moderate increases in targeted MerB expression will lead to significant gains in detoxification. In summary, to maximize phytoremediation efficiency of hydrophobic pollutants in plants, it may be beneficial to target enzymes to specific subcellular environments. PMID:12586871

Keegi üritab Põhja-Korea kulisside taga sõda algatada / Heiki Suurkask

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Suurkask, Heiki, 1972-

2010-01-01

Põhja-Korea tulistas 200 mürsku Lõuna-Koreale kuuluva Yŏngpyŏng-do saare majade pihta. Autor viitab, et Põhja-Koreas on kasvanud sisepinged ja mingi osa juhtkonnast püüab end kehtestada just välispingete ja tuumarelvastuse rõhutamisega. Kaart. Sõjajõud Korea poolsaarel

Christo kuldab Manhattani vaateid / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2005-01-01

Gabrovost pärit prantsuse-ameerika kunstniku Christo (Christo Vladimirov Javacheff) ja tema kaasa Jeanne-Claude'i (Jeanne-Claude de Guillebon) projekt "Väravad" New Yorgi Central Park'is. Kunstnikepaaril on kavas palistada kõik pargirajad viie meetri kõrguste väravaraamistikega, millel ripuvad kirkad oranzhid kangad. Toimumisaeg 12.-27. veebruar 2005

Kunstnikud rehabiliteerivad vana naise / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2005-01-01

Rahvusvaheline vananemiseteemaline kunstinäitus "Homo grandis natu" Tallinna Kunstihoones. Kuraator Reet Varblane. Osalejate loetelu. 21. aprillil avatakse Katarzyna Kozyra videoinstallatsioon "Naiste saun". Näitusega haakuvad seminar ja loengusari

Vedel ärkamisaeg internetis / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

1999-01-01

Interstanding 3, näitus, konverents "Ülalpool piire", ettekanded. Graham Harwood interneti infotüranniast ja bioaktiivset kunsti viljelev Eduardo Kac saabuvast "kunstikavatsuslike olendite ajastust"

John Smithi kaks palet / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2003-01-01

Näitus "John Smith. Marko ja Kaido" Tallinna Kunstihoones. Kaido Ole ja Marko Mäetamm esindavad rühmitusena "John Smith" Eestit 2003. a. Veneetsia biennaalil. Ilmunud ka kogumikus "Päevast päeva", lk. 90-96

Noor mässaja / Kalmer Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Kalmer

2004-01-01

Briti Nõukogu toetusel Pärnus, Tartus ja Tallinnas toimuvatel inglise filmide päevadel "Geeniuste mäss" näidatakse ka 3 Lindsay Andersoni nn. Travise triloogia filmi "Kui..." (1968), "Oo, õnneseen!" (1973) ja "Ravila Britannia" (1982), kus Mick Travise rollis on Malcolm McDowell (1943)

Eesti Gaasiliit 2006. aastal / Andres Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Andres

2007-01-01

Ülevaade Eesti Gaasiliidu tegevusest - põhikiri, liikmeskond, juhtorganid, liidu tegevuse põhisuunad, õigus- ja normatiivaktid, propaganda, täienduskoolitus, kutseharidus, välissuhted, toimkondade töö, eelarve

Moskva kunstibiennaal reaktsiooni teenistuses? / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2007-01-01

Moskva II rahvusvahelisest nüüdiskunsti biennaalist. Näitustest "Sotsart. Poliitiline kunst Venemaal" (kuraator Andrei Jerofejev), "Sotsart. Poliitiline kunst Hiinas" (kuraator Xin Don Chen), "Mõtlev realism" (kuraator Jekaterina Djegot) ja "Mina usun" (kuraator Oleg Kulik)

Inglise kõrgklassi tantsud / Kalmer Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Kalmer

2004-01-01

Miniseriaal "Tants muutuvas ajas" ("A Dance to the Music of Time") : stsenarist Anthony Powelli romaani ainetel Hugh Whitemore : režissöörid Christopher Morahan ja Alvin Rakoff : Suurbritannia 1997

Kerkivad monumendid iseseisvunud Eestis / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2010-01-01

Vabadusmonumendid ärkamisaegses mälumaastikus. Vabadusmonumendid ideoloogilises kasvatustöös. Rahvusliku massikunsti sünd. Erinevad esitajad, sama laul. Üleriigilise memoriaali esimesed eskiisid

Homme avatakse Veneetsia biennaal / Johannes Saar

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Saar, Johannes, 1965-

2005-01-01

51. kunstibiennaalist Veneetsias. Eestit esindab fotograaf Mark Raidpere isikunäitus "Isolaator". Kuraatorinäitusi on kaks. Kuraatorid Maria de Coral ja Roza Martinez Hispaaniast. Biennaali Kuldlõvi antakse elutöö eest Barbara Krugerile

A thermophilic bacterial origin and subsequent constraints by redox, light and salinity on the evolution of the microbial mercuric reductase.

Science.gov (United States)

Barkay, Tamar; Kritee, K; Boyd, Eric; Geesey, Gill

2010-11-01

Mercuric reductase (MerA) is central to the mercury (Hg) resistance (mer) system, catalyzing the reduction of ionic Hg to volatile Hg(0). A total of 213 merA homologues were identified in sequence databases, the majority of which belonged to microbial lineages that occupy oxic environments. merA was absent among phototrophs and in lineages that inhabit anoxic environments. Phylogenetic reconstructions of MerA indicate that (i) merA originated in a thermophilic bacterium following the divergence of the Archaea and Bacteria with a subsequent acquisition in Archaea via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), (ii) HGT of merA was rare across phylum boundaries and (iii) MerA from marine bacteria formed distinct and strongly supported lineages. Collectively, these observations suggest that a combination of redox, light and salinity conditions constrain MerA to microbial lineages that occupy environments where the most oxidized and toxic form of Hg, Hg(II), predominates. Further, the taxon-specific distribution of MerA with and without a 70 amino acid N-terminal extension may reflect intracellular levels of thiols. In conclusion, MerA likely evolved following the widespread oxygenation of the biosphere in a thermal environment and its subsequent evolution has been modulated by the interactions of Hg with the intra- and extracellular environment of the organism. © 2010 Society for Applied Microbiology and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Optimization of de novo transcriptome assembly from high-throughput short read sequencing data improves functional annotation for non-model organisms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haznedaroglu Berat Z

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background The k-mer hash length is a key factor affecting the output of de novo transcriptome assembly packages using de Bruijn graph algorithms. Assemblies constructed with varying single k-mer choices might result in the loss of unique contiguous sequences (contigs and relevant biological information. A common solution to this problem is the clustering of single k-mer assemblies. Even though annotation is one of the primary goals of a transcriptome assembly, the success of assembly strategies does not consider the impact of k-mer selection on the annotation output. This study provides an in-depth k-mer selection analysis that is focused on the degree of functional annotation achieved for a non-model organism where no reference genome information is available. Individual k-mers and clustered assemblies (CA were considered using three representative software packages. Pair-wise comparison analyses (between individual k-mers and CAs were produced to reveal missing Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG ortholog identifiers (KOIs, and to determine a strategy that maximizes the recovery of biological information in a de novo transcriptome assembly. Results Analyses of single k-mer assemblies resulted in the generation of various quantities of contigs and functional annotations within the selection window of k-mers (k-19 to k-63. For each k-mer in this window, generated assemblies contained certain unique contigs and KOIs that were not present in the other k-mer assemblies. Producing a non-redundant CA of k-mers 19 to 63 resulted in a more complete functional annotation than any single k-mer assembly. However, a fraction of unique annotations remained (~0.19 to 0.27% of total KOIs in the assemblies of individual k-mers (k-19 to k-63 that were not present in the non-redundant CA. A workflow to recover these unique annotations is presented. Conclusions This study demonstrated that different k-mer choices result in various quantities

β淀粉样前体蛋白17肽对糖尿病大鼠海马神经细胞线粒体膜电位和凋亡的干预%APP17-mer peptide in regulation of neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potentials and apoptosis in the hippocampus of diabetic rats

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

李红星; 王蓉; 杜怡峰; 姬志娟; 盛树力

2005-01-01

��治疗组高于糖尿病模型组[(705.99±89.92)道,P＜0.05],与正常对照组相近(P=0.146).②海马单细胞凋亡率:糖尿病模型组明显高于正常对照组和β淀粉样前体蛋白17肽治疗组[(5.32±1.37)%,(1.03±0.55)%,(2.80±0.92)%,P＜0.01,0.05].结论:海马线粒体膜电位下降和细胞的凋亡可能参与糖尿病脑病的发生发展;β淀粉样前体蛋白17肽具有改善这一病理过程的作用.%BACKGROUND: Learning and memory disorder exist in diabetic rats,which can be improved by APP 17-mer peptide. However, it is unclear whether learning and memory disorder in diabetes mellitus is caused by influencing neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potentials and apoptosis in hippocampus or not and what is the related action mechanism of APP17-mer peptide.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of APP17-mer peptide on neuronal mitochondrial transmembrane potentials (△ψm) and apoptosis in hippocampal area of diabetic rats.DESIGN: A completely randomized, grouping and controlled trial.SETTING: Beijing Research Laboratory for Brain Aging, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences; the Department of Endocrine, the First Central Hospital of Baoding.MATERIALS: The data measurement of the experiment was carried out in the Instrument Testing Center, the General Hospital of Chinese PLA between May 2002 and August 2002. The modeling and intervention of the experiment was carried out in the Animal Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Sciences. Eighteen male Wistar rats were enrolled and randomized into control group, model group and APP17-mer peptide group with 6 rats in each group.METHODS: ① Diabetic models in the model and APP17-mer peptide groups were established by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (pH=4.4) in fasted rats(fasting for 12 hours). Three days later, modeling was successful if blood sugar level in caudal vein was more than 15 mmol/L. Rats in the control group were not subjected to modeling.Then, the rats

Haiguste ravi. Kontrollitud / Mari Sobolev

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Sobolev, Mari, 1968-

2000-01-01

P. Alliku kureeritud näitusest "Naturalism" ja Academia Non Grata performance'itest Kunstihoone galeriis, J. Saare kureeritud näitusest "AIDS kultuuris" Rotermanni soolalaos, J. Zoova ja Kiwa näitusest "Kevaddisko" Tallinna Linnagaleriis, noortebiennaalist "ArtGenda" Helsingis ning H. Soansi ja M. Raadi kureeritud "ArtGenda" projektist "Analoog TV".

Kaks head uudisasja / Eugen Veges

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Veges, Eugen, 1955-

2008-01-01

Ilmunud ka:: Sakala 16. juuli lk. 2, Oma Saar 29. juuli lk. 5. . Autor selgitab sisemajanduse kogutoodangu ning elanike ostujõu mõistete erinevust ja põhjendab, miks neid kahte näitajat ei saa omavahel võrrelda, samuti kritiseerib poliitikute suhtumist SKP-sse kui üksnes kvantitatiivsesse näitajasse

Põhja-Küprose liider soovib isolatsiooni lõppemist / Mehmet Ali Talat ; interv. Erkki Bahovski

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Talat, Mehmet Ali

2004-01-01

Põhja-Küprose liidri väitel soovib türklaste kogukond diplomaatilise tunnustuse asemel isolatsiooni lõppemist. Intervjuus käsitletavad teemad: Küprose saare tulevik, liitumine Euroopa Liiduga, Türgi liitumine euroliiduga. Lisad: Kahe kogukonna - kreeklaste ja türklaste - vahel lõhestatud Küpros; Mehmet Ali Talat

Perekond Paukson ennustab : aasta 2005 - keerulisem, raskem ja segaduste rohkem / Edda Paukson, Eduard Paukson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Paukson, Edda

2005-01-01

Järgneb 8. jaan. Vt. ka SL Õhtuleht 3. jaan., Võrumaa Teataja 4. jaan., Virumaa Teataja 6. jaan., Harjumaa 7.,14. jaan., Järva Teataja, Meie Maa : Oma Saar, Pärnu Postimees 8. jaan., Harjumaa 11. jaan., Sakala 18.,20.,21. jaan. Erinevatel lehekülgedel ja erinevate pealkirjade all

Protestibiennaal kunsti suukorvistamise vastu / Margit Tõnson

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Tõnson, Margit, 1978-

2006-01-01

Tšetšeenia toetuseks organiseeritud rahvusvahelisest rändnäitusest "Emergency Biennale" Tallinna Kunstihoones, kuraator Evelyne Jouanno. Kaasaegse Kunsti Eesti Keskuse korraldatud ettekandepäevast "Kunstniku moraalsed valikud liberaalse demokraatia ja islami kokkupõrgetes", kus esinevad Margit Sutrop, Johannes Saar, Marek Järvik, Ene-Liis Semper, Eero Epner

Õpetajad väärivad tähelepanu / Tõnis Lukas

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Lukas, Tõnis, 1962-

2008-01-01

Haridusminister Tõnis Lukase pöördumine õpetajate päeva puhul. Ilmunud ka Hiiu Leht 3. okt lk. 2; Oma Saar 3. okt. lk. 5; Pärnu Postimees 3. okt. lk. 15; Võrumaa Teataja 4. okt. lk. 2; Virumaa Teataja 4. okt. lk. 11; Põhjarannik 4. okt. lk. 4

People in Ida-Virumaa : between two cultures / Ene Must

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Must, Ene

2002-01-01

Peamistest probleemidest Ida-Virumaal, Sillamäel ja Narvas. Kohalike elanike seas läbi viidud Eesti sotsioloogide, Eesti integratsioonifondi ja Saar Polli uuringufirma uurimusest, kus uuriti nende sidemeid naaberriikidega, majanduslikku olukorda ning nende võimalikku elukoha muutust seoses majandusliku olukorraga Eestis ja liitumisega EL-iga. Kokkuvõtted uuringu tulemustest. Diagrammid

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus specific antibodies in naturally exposed Israeli llamas, alpacas and camels

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dan David

2018-06-01

Full Text Available Thus far, no human MERS-CoV infections have been reported from Israel. Evidence for the circulation of MERS-CoV in dromedaries has been reported from almost all the countries of the Middle East, except Israel. Therefore, we aimed to analyze MERS-CoV infection in Israeli camelids, sampled between 2012 and 2017. A total of 411 camels, 102 alpacas and 19 llamas' sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to MERS-CoV. Our findings indicate a lower MERS-CoV seropositivity among Israeli dromedaries than in the surrounding countries, and for the first time naturally infected llamas were identified. In addition, nasal swabs of 661 camels, alpacas and lamas, obtained from January 2015 to December 2017, were tested for the presence of MERS-CoV RNA. All nasal swabs were negative, indicating no evidence for MERS-CoV active circulation in these camelids during that time period. Keywords: MERS coronavirus, Antibodies, Israel, Dromedary camels, Llamas, Alpacas

Effects of alkylating carcinogens on human tumor cells in culture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Goth-Goldstein, R.; Hughes, M.

1987-01-01

In Escherichia coli 3-methyladenine and 3-methylguanine have been identified as lethal lesions, since two types of alkylating agent-sensitive mutants were deficient in repair of either of these lesions. Similar alkylation-sensitive human cell lines exist. These are the tumor cell lines of the complex Mer - phenotype. All Mer - cells examined were hypersensitive to killing by MNNG and other alkylating agents, and failed to repair O 6 -methylguanine. The widely studied HeLa S3 cell line has the Mer + phenotype, but a Mer - variant (HeLa MR) has arisen. This offers the possibility to study Mer - and Mer + cells of otherwise similar genetic background. We are using these two variants to analyze the Mer - phenotype further. When HeLa S3 and HeLa MR were treated with a highly dose of MNNG, and the surviving population exposed to a second dose of MNNG 2-3 weeks later, HeLa S3 (Mer + ) cells were equally or even slightly more sensitive to a second exposure of MNNG, whereas the surviving HeLa MR (Mer - ) population was much more resistant to MNNG. 1 fig., 1 tab

Modelling impacts of offshore wind farms on trophic web: the Courseulles-sur-Mer case study

Science.gov (United States)

Raoux, Aurore; Pezy, Jean-Philippe; Dauvin, Jean-Claude; Tecchio, samuele; Degraer, Steven; Wilhelmsson, Dan; Niquil, Nathalie

2016-04-01

The French government is planning the construction of three offshore wind farms in Normandy. These offshore wind farms will integrate into an ecosystem already subject to a growing number of anthropogenic disturbances such as transportation, fishing, sediment deposit, and sediment extraction. The possible effects of this cumulative stressors on ecosystem functioning are still unknown, but they could impact their resilience, making them susceptible to changes from one stable state to another. Understanding the behaviour of these marine coastal complex systems is essential in order to anticipate potential state changes, and to implement conservation actions in a sustainable manner. Currently, there are no global and integrated studies on the effects of construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms. Moreover, approaches are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species. Here, we develop a holistic and integrated view of ecosystem impacts through the use of trophic webs modelling tools. Trophic models describe the interaction between biological compartments at different trophic levels and are based on the quantification of flow of energy and matter in ecosystems. They allow the application of numerical methods for the characterization of emergent properties of the ecosystem, also called Ecological Network Analysis (ENA). These indices have been proposed as ecosystem health indicators as they have been demonstrated to be sensitive to different impacts on marine ecosystems. We present here in detail the strategy for analysing the potential environmental impacts of the construction of the Courseulles-sur-Mer offshore wind farm (Bay of Seine) such as the reef effect through the use of the Ecopath with Ecosim software. Similar Ecopath simulations will be made in the future on the Le Tréport offshore wind farm site. Results will contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the offshore wind farms on ecosystems. They also allow to

Eesti lüürika aastal 1936/ Ants Oras

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Oras, Ants, 1900-1982

2009-01-01

Pikemalt käsitletakse järgnevaid autoreid ja nende teoseid: Johannes Semper "Tuuleratas", Johannes Barbarus "Memento", Hendrik Adamson "Mälestuste maja", Jaan Kärner "Sõna-süte", Juhan Sütiste "Sadamad ja saared", Betti Alver "Tolm ja tuli", August Sang "Üks noormees otsib õnne", Juhan Sinimäe "Isamaa"

Millele pöörate eluaseme ostmisel ja üürimisel tähelepanu?

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

2005-01-01

Küsimusele vastavad Brüsselis tööd otsiv Kadri Kuusk, Sampo Panga koolitusosakonna juhataja Külli Meier, finantsinspektsiooni osakonnajuhataja Andre Nõmm, Riigikogu liige Meelis Atonen, Palivere lastekodu juhataja Külle Saar, Helsingis töötav arst Jaak Kiviloog, Narva kooliõpetaja Julia Ivanova, maksu- ja tolliameti peaspetsialist Tiiu Kilk