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Sample records for mene par edf

  1. Mening i arbejdslivet

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ravn, Ib

    2008-01-01

    begrebet, hvorfor det defineres her: Et fænomen giver mening, når man indser, hvordan det indgår i en større sammenhæng. Mening i arbejdslivet gives da af oplevelsen af, at man gennem sit arbejde indgår i en større sammenhæng. En konceptualisering med fire delfaktorer udledes, der tilsammen skønnes at give...... mening i arbejdslivet: 1. Styrkerealisering: Den enkelte bruger sine styrker og talenter; 2. Værdiskabelse: Ens arbejdsplads skaber reel værdi og livskvalitet for kunder og brugere. 3. Bidrag: Man oplever at yde et vigtigt bidrag gennem sit arbejde. 4. Fællesskab: Man indgår i et produktivt fællesskab...

  2. 2003 annual results of EdF group; Resultats annuels 2003 du groupe EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-03-01

    The Electricite de France (EdF) group Board of Directors, meeting on March 11, 2004, under the Chairmanship of Francois Roussely, reviewed the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 12/31/2003. This document presents the consolidated results of EdF group for 2003: consolidated financial statements, highlights of the year, focus on 2003 events, commercial results, EDF in Europe and worldwide, EDF France highlights, key figures. (J.S.)

  3. EDF, the 2003-2007 project; EDF, le projet 2003-2007

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2005-07-01

    This brochure presents the 2003-2007 project of Electricite de France (EdF) in the framework of the opening of European energy markets. The aim of this project is to take over the present day contract of EdF with the French government in order to become an anonymous company. The wish of F. Roussely, president of EdF, is to open and increase the capital of the company but also to fulfill its public utility missions. The stake of EdF is to stay competitive, to become a European energy leader, to stay an integrated company combining production, transport, distribution and commercialization, and finally to maintain its historical public utility standards: specific tariff conditions and services for low income people, financing of renewable energy projects. (J.S.)

  4. 2002 annual report EDF group; 2002 rapport annuel groupe EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-07-01

    This document is the 2002 annual report of Electricite de France (EdF) group, the French electric utility. Content: Introductory section (EDF at a glance, Chairman's message, 2002 Highlights); Corporate governance and Group strategy (Corporate governance, sustainable growth strategy, EDF branches); Financial performance (Reaching critical mass, Margins holding up well, Balance sheet); Human resources (Launching Group-wide synergies, Optimising human resources); Customers (Major customers, SMEs and professional customers, Local authorities, Residential customers, Ensuring quality access to electricity); Generation (A balanced energy mix, Nuclear generation, Fossil-fuelled generation, Renewable energies); Corporate social responsibility (Global and local partnerships, Promoting community development)

  5. 2002 annual report EDF group; 2002 rapport annuel groupe EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-07-01

    This document is the 2002 annual report of Electricite de France (EdF) group, the French electric utility. Content: Introductory section (EDF at a glance, Chairman's message, 2002 Highlights); Corporate governance and Group strategy (Corporate governance, sustainable growth strategy, EDF branches); Financial performance (Reaching critical mass, Margins holding up well, Balance sheet); Human resources (Launching Group-wide synergies, Optimising human resources); Customers (Major customers, SMEs and professional customers, Local authorities, Residential customers, Ensuring quality access to electricity); Generation (A balanced energy mix, Nuclear generation, Fossil-fuelled generation, Renewable energies); Corporate social responsibility (Global and local partnerships, Promoting community development)

  6. Development and testing of the EDF-2 reactor fuel element; Essais et mise au point de l'element combustible pour le reacteur EDF-2

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Delpeyroux, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Furhmann, R [Societe Industrielle de Combustible Nucleaire (France)

    1964-07-01

    rassemble les etudes qui ont ete necessaires pour mener a bien la definition de l'element combustible EdF 2. Apres un bref rappel des caracteristiques du reacteur EdF 2 et des options preliminaires ayant permis de fixer un avant-projet d'element combustible, on aborde les etudes proprement dites: - Etudes uranium: essais de passage d'une couronne interne du tube en phase {beta}, flechage du tube sous l'action d'une force concentree, soudage des pastilles d'extremites et verification de leur etancheite. La tenue du tube a l'ecrasement et la resistance des pastilles a l'enfoncement sous l'action de la pression externe sont etudiees en detail dans un autre rapport CEA - Etudes gaine: rappel des conditions de fabrication et verification de l'etancheite de la gaine, tenue des ailettes au fluage sous l'action du courant gazeux - Etudes d'extremites: fluage en compression et soudage des bouchons a la gaine. - Etudes cartouche: determination des caracteristiques des gorges d'ancrage gaine-combustible et des conditions de gainage, verification de la tenue au cyclage thermique de l'element combustible, determination de la chute de temperature au contact gaine-combustible traitee en detail dans un autre rapport CEA, - Etudes de l'ensemble: les etudes se rapportant a la chemise de graphite, au support et aux vibrations de la cartouche ont ete traitees par le service des Etudes Mecaniques et Thermiques (Section de Mecanique), Dans ce domaine, la Section d'Etude d'Elements Combustibles a etudie la tenue des centreurs sous l'action du courant gazeux. L'aboutissement des etudes est constitue par le dessin de l'element combustible, le schema de fabrication et les normes de fabrication. La validite de l'ensemble de ces essais hors pile sera confirmee par des assais en pile qui sont en cours et par l'irradiation des elements dans le reacteur EdF 2 lui-meme. En conclusion, on donne l'orientation des etudes pour l'amelioration de l'element combustible et la definition d'un element combustible

  7. New EdF's three challenges

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lepetit, V.

    2005-01-01

    The opening of 15% of Electricite de France (EdF) capital to the private sector will allow the first world electric utility to raise 7 billions of euros of cash flow. EdF will have also to face the new European situation: a strained market, several consolidations to come and many competitors to deal with. EdF has to re-launch its production tool and to reinforce its interconnection capacities if it wants to stay the number one of power exports in Europe. The integration of Edison company (Italy) by EdF gives access to new gas capacities but other resources have to be found if EdF wants to enlarge its gas offer. A new concentration era is foreseen in Europe and EdF will have to seize the economic growth opportunities in particular in Europe and China. (J.S.)

  8. The photovoltaic ambitious of EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Houot, G.

    2008-01-01

    Added to the wind energy, EDF develops the photovoltaic by its subsidiaries EDF Energies Nouvelles, for the big power plants and EDF Energies Nouvelles Reparties centralized on the market of small installations for roofs. The author analyzes the society management and project concerning the photovoltaic development. (A.L.B.)

  9. EDF Energies Nouvelles - 2010 Registration Document

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-01-01

    EDF Energies Nouvelles is a world leader in renewable energy electricity. The company develops, builds and operates clean energy power plants both for its own account and for third parties. Historically, EDF Energies Nouvelles primarily developed its business in two geographical areas, Europe and North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico). EDF Energies Nouvelles is a subsidiary of EDF, helping the Group to achieve its renewable energy goals. The EDF Group generates low-carbon electricity around the world and actively participates in the energy transition. EDF Energies Nouvelles prioritizes development of wind and photovoltaic solar capacity. As an integrated operator with global reach, EDF Energies Nouvelles covers the entire renewable energy chain, from development to operation and maintenance, and manages all project phases in-house. This document is EDF Energies Nouvelles' registration document for the year 2010. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, employees, shareholders, etc. The document includes the half-year and full year financial reports

  10. EdF: high tension(s) metamorphosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roussely, F.; Arnoux, P.; Baritault, A.; Alto, P.; Castets, C.; Secondi, J.

    2003-01-01

    Electricite de France, the French electric utility, has to face a formidable mutation. The deregulation of the power market will lead to a social, commercial, judicial, financial and international 'big-bang'. The company has been weakened by disappointing results and by an embarrassing running into debts. This dossier analyzes the consequences of the deregulation of the French power market on the future evolution of EdF. It includes the analysis made by a French economist, E. Cohen, an interview and a portrait of F. Roussely, head of EdF, a presentation of Easenergy, a start-up of EdF which makes partnerships with US energy-related companies, the worries of EdF's employees and the redistribution of the syndicates power inside the company, the controversy around EdF's 2002 results and the points that remained in the shade, EdF's European competitors and the progressive opening of the French power market, EDF's production tool and its availability (58 nuclear reactors, 538 hydroelectric power plants and 26 thermal power plants), the costly foreign markets strategy of EdF and the under-capitalization of the company. (J.S.)

  11. EDF Group - Annual Report 2009

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the energy industry, active in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading and network management, with expanding operations in the natural gas chain. It has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. The EDF Group is the leader in the French and British electricity markets and has solid positions in Germany and Italy and numerous other European countries, as well as industrial operations in Asia and the United States. Everywhere it operates, the EDF Group is a model of quality public service for the energy sector. With fi rst-rate human resources, R and D capability and generation expertise in nuclear, fossil-fired and renewable energies, particularly hydro, together with energy eco-efficiency offers, the EDF Group delivers competitive solutions that help ensure sustainable economic development and climate protection. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2009. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the Management Report, the Report by the Chairman of EDF Board of Directors on corporate governance and internal control procedures, the Milestones report, the 'EDF at a glance' report, and the Sustainable Development Indicators

  12. EDF group - annual report 2003; Groupe EDF - rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This document contains the magazine, the financial statements and the sustainable development report of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: 1 - the magazine (chairman's statement, group profile, vision and strategy); 2 - the consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2003 (statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements, EDF's summary annual financial statements); 3 - sustainable development report (transparency and dialogue, responsibility, commitment, partnerships for progress). (J.S.)

  13. EDF group - annual report 2003; Groupe EDF - rapport annuel 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This document contains the magazine, the financial statements and the sustainable development report of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: 1 - the magazine (chairman's statement, group profile, vision and strategy); 2 - the consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2003 (statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements, EDF's summary annual financial statements); 3 - sustainable development report (transparency and dialogue, responsibility, commitment, partnerships for progress). (J.S.)

  14. EDF, the 2003-2007 project

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-01-01

    This brochure presents the 2003-2007 project of Electricite de France (EdF) in the framework of the opening of European energy markets. The aim of this project is to take over the present day contract of EdF with the French government in order to become an anonymous company. The wish of F. Roussely, president of EdF, is to open and increase the capital of the company but also to fulfill its public utility missions. The stake of EdF is to stay competitive, to become a European energy leader, to stay an integrated company combining production, transport, distribution and commercialization, and finally to maintain its historical public utility standards: specific tariff conditions and services for low income people, financing of renewable energy projects. (J.S.)

  15. Study and Construction of the Metal Vessels for the Reactors of the EDF1 and EDF2 Sectors at Chinon; Etude et construction des caissons metalliques des reacteurs des tranches EDF1 et EDF2 de la centrale de Chinon; Izuchenie i konstruktsiya metallicheskikh korpusov reaktorov pervoj i vtoroj chasti programm ehlektrostantsij; Estudio y construccion de los recipientes metalicos de los reactores EDF1 y EDF2 de la central de Chinon

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lamiral, G.; Millot, R.; Passerieux, P. [Electricite de France, Clamart, Seine (France)

    1963-10-15

    de travaux conduisit a reprendre entierement le mode de construction et, a priori, les operations de soudure sous prechauffage generalise et l'elimination des contraintes par des traitements de detente multiples. Ce mode operatoire permit la realisation des caissons des tranches EDF1 et EDF2, mais entraina certaines sujetions qui compliquerent sensiblement les travaux sur le chantier. (author) [Spanish] Los dos primeros reactores de uranio natural-grafito-anhidrido carbonico de la central de Chinon poseen recipientes metalicos construidos con plancha de acero al manganeso-molibdeno de gran espesor. El estudio de estos recipientes ha planteado ciertos problemas, especialmente en lo que atane al diseno y las dimensiones de los refuerzos de las aberturas. Los refuerzos de los pasos de las barras de control y de los orificios de carga se estudiaron en maquetas, y los resultados obtenidos se controlaron una vez terminada la obra durante los ensayos hidraulicos. El modo de construccion inicialmente empleado para el recipiente del reactor EDF1 era relativamente sencillo; las planchas se precalentaron localmente antes de soldarlas y, despues de ejecutadas todas las soldaduras, el recipiente no tenia que someterse mas que a un tratamiento termico para eliminar las tensiones internas. Durante los trabajos se produjeron considerables fisuras que obligaron a modificar por completo el modo de construccion y de soldadura, procediendo a un precalentamiento general y a tratamientos repetidos para eliminar las tensiones. Este modo de operar permitio construir los recipientes de los reactores EDF1 y EDF2, pero obligo a cumplir ciertos requisitos que complicaron sensiblemente las obras. (author) [Russian] Uraio-grafitovye reaktory s uglekislym gazom v kachestve teplonositelya v pervykh dvukh ehlektrostantsiyakh v Shinone imeyut metallicheskij korpus iz listovoj margantsovo- molibdenovoj stali bol'shoj tolshchiny. Pri razrabotke korpusa voznikli nekotorye problemy, v tom chisle problemy

  16. 2003 annual results of EdF group

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-03-01

    The Electricite de France (EdF) group Board of Directors, meeting on March 11, 2004, under the Chairmanship of Francois Roussely, reviewed the audited consolidated financial statements for the year ended 12/31/2003. This document presents the consolidated results of EdF group for 2003: consolidated financial statements, highlights of the year, focus on 2003 events, commercial results, EDF in Europe and worldwide, EDF France highlights, key figures. (J.S.)

  17. Historiemisbrug - giver det mening?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Peters, Rikke Louise Alberg; Brunbech, Peter Johan Yding

    2018-01-01

    Giver det mening at tale om ”historiemisbrug” i en undervisningssammenhæng, eller er misbrug en uklar moralsk motiveret dom, vi fælder over det, vi tager afstand fra? Denne artikel er en redigeret diskussion af dette spørgsmål mellem Rikke Alberg Peters og Peter Brunbech....

  18. La imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en Uruguay

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel Sánchez Patrón

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available La ratificación del Convenio sobre la imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes de guerra y de los crímenes de lesa humanidad por parte de Uruguay, constituye un primer paso dirigido a limitar la impunidad de los partícipes en la comisión de estas infracciones internacionales. Para la consecución de esta misma finalidad, el Estado Uruguayo ha dado un segundo paso, consistente en la ratificación del Estatuto de la Corte Penal Internacional, lo que ha llevado a efecto casi un año después del anterior. Ambas decisiones demuestran la intención de Uruguay de comprometerse Internacionalmente con el fin de evitar la impunidad de los responsables de la comisión de determinadas figuras delictivas, especialmente los crímenes de guerra y los crímenes contra la humanidad, ya que en tomo a estas dos infracciones internacionales gravitan los convenios internacionales a los que nos acabamos de referir.Contenido: imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el pasado. Imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el presente. Imprescriptibilidad de los crímenes contra la humanidad en el futuro. Conclusiones

  19. Forced transitions for EDF: the EDF ship facing head-winds; Dalkia, the renewable trump card to be valorized

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbaux, Aurelie

    2018-01-01

    Electricite de France (EDF), the state-owned and main power producer in France is, as the Titanic liner, lacking agility to navigate into the wild seas of the French energy transition policy. Besides, the era of engineers that construct energy cathedrals and of nuclear full supremacy is now well over, giving the way to innovative management policies with workers participation and digitalisation. EDF is preparing a new strategy addressing market opening and deregulation, renewable energy sources, and more freedom for EDF's numerous subsidiary companies. A second paper precisely concerns Dalkia, one of EDF's subsidiaries which is specialized in energy efficiency, heat and cold generation and networks that are more and more supplied by renewable energies. A third paper addresses EDF-SEI, whose specialty is energy autonomy in isolated areas (islands, etc.)

  20. EDF's fiftieth anniversary

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Spann, L.

    1996-01-01

    During its half-century of existence, EdF (Electricite de France) has carried out an impressive productivity effort. The company, the manpower of which has remained practically the same from the beginning, produces today 22 times more kW per hour than in 1946. In 1995, the French production of electric power reached 442.2 TWh, which corresponds to a 3.9 % increase with respect to the previous year. This production corresponds to a 99000 MW installed capacity of nuclear (59 %), thermal (17 %) and hydraulic (24 %) origin, respectively. This example illustrates the success of EdF, which is considered as ''the result of a huge technical and industrial adventure'' said Franck Borotra, French Ministry of Industry, Post and Telecommunications. This paper comprises three parts. The first part describes some historical and political aspects of the creation and development of the company with the building of several hydro-electric dams up to 1957, the starting of the nuclear program in 1973-74 during the petroleum crisis, the new goals and the evolution of the company inside the European Community. The second part describes the political, ecological and financial controversy about the Saone-Rhine rivers connection project, in which EdF is involved, and which would allow a 15 times increase of the rivers transportation capacity. The last part is a comparative summary of EdF's 1994 and 1995 balance sheet of production, financing, expenditures, trade, contracts etc.. (J.S.). 2 photos

  1. 2002 annual report EDF group

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-01-01

    This document is the 2002 annual report of Electricite de France (EdF) group, the French electric utility. Content: Introductory section (EDF at a glance, Chairman's message, 2002 Highlights); Corporate governance and Group strategy (Corporate governance, sustainable growth strategy, EDF branches); Financial performance (Reaching critical mass, Margins holding up well, Balance sheet); Human resources (Launching Group-wide synergies, Optimising human resources); Customers (Major customers, SMEs and professional customers, Local authorities, Residential customers, Ensuring quality access to electricity); Generation (A balanced energy mix, Nuclear generation, Fossil-fuelled generation, Renewable energies); Corporate social responsibility (Global and local partnerships, Promoting community development)

  2. EDF Group - Annual Report 2010

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-01-01

    The EDF Group is one of the world's leading energy companies, active in all areas from generation to trading and network management. It has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. With its first-rate human resources, R and D capability, expertise in engineering and operating generation plants and networks, as well as its energy eco-efficiency offers, the Group delivers competitive solutions that help ensure sustainable economic development and climate protection. The EDF Group is the leader in the French and UK electricity markets and has solid positions in Italy and numerous other European countries, as well as industrial operations in Asia and the United States. Everywhere it operates, the Group is a model of quality public service for the energy sector. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2010. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the Management Report, the Report by the Chairman of EDF Board of Directors on corporate governance and internal control procedures, the Milestones report, the 'EDF at a glance' report, and the Sustainable Development Indicators

  3. Mening eller måling?

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kruse, Tove Elisabeth

    2008-01-01

    Artiklen diskuterer med udgangspunkt i regeringens universitetspolitiske strategi og tiltag , hvad der motiverer mennesker, der arbejder på et universitet, og hvad der giver deres arbejdsliv mening, og argumenterer for, at de stadigt mere udbredte præstationsmålinger, der ensretter og sammenligne...

  4. EDF Group: activity and sustainable development 2010

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    After a map illustrating the worldwide dimension of EDF, and an interview of the EDF's chairman, this report presents and comments some sustainable development indicators for EDF activity in 2010. Then, after a presentation of the world energy context, it presents and comments EDF's main activities: energy production and engineering, network management, trading. It presents and comments the operational performance of the company in different countries (France, United Kingdom, Italy, and other countries) and evokes additional activities. The next chapter deals with human resources and with innovation and R and D activities. The last chapter presents governance structures and financial results

  5. EDF Energies Nouvelles. Financial report at June 30, 2011

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-01-01

    EDF Energies Nouvelles is a world leader in renewable energy electricity. The company develops, builds and operates clean energy power plants both for its own account and for third parties. Historically, EDF Energies Nouvelles primarily developed its business in two geographical areas, Europe and North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico). EDF Energies Nouvelles is a subsidiary of EDF, helping the Group to achieve its renewable energy goals. The EDF Group generates low-carbon electricity around the world and actively participates in the energy transition. EDF Energies Nouvelles prioritizes development of wind and photovoltaic solar capacity. As an integrated operator with global reach, EDF Energies Nouvelles covers the entire renewable energy chain, from development to operation and maintenance, and manages all project phases in-house. This document is EDF Energies Nouvelles's half-year financial report for 2011. It contains a half-year activity report, the consolidated financial statements at June 30, 2011 and the report drafted by the Statutory Auditors

  6. EDF Group - Annual Report 2016

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2017-01-01

    EDF group is the world's leading electricity company and global leader for low-carbon energy production. Particularly well established in Europe, especially France, the United-Kingdom, Italy and Belgium, as well as North and South America, the Group covers all businesses spanning the electricity value chain - from generation to distribution and including energy transmission and trading activities - to continuously balance supply. A marked increase in the use of renewables is bringing change to its electricity generation operations, which are underpinned by a diversified and complementary energy mix founded on nuclear power capacity. EDF offers products and advice to help residential customers manage their electricity consumption, to support the energy and financial performance of its business customers, and to help local authorities find sustainable solutions. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2016. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document comprises the Group's activities and performances Report and the 'EDF at a glance' 2017 report

  7. Neutron Tests at the Start-Up of EDF1; Les essais neutroniques au demarrage du reacteur EDF1; Nejtronnye izmereniya pri puske reaktora EDF1; Ensayos neutronicos efectuados durante la puesta en marcha del reactor EDF1

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Teste du Bailler, A. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires de Saclay (France); Janin, R. [Electricite de France, Paris (France)

    1963-10-15

    A series of neutron measurements, for which the principal experimental methods perfected at the Marcoule reactors were used, was carried out at the start-up of EDF1. The measurements were designed mainly to determine the efficiency of the control rods at different depths of insertion. From them a rod-withdrawal configuration was derived which allowed full-power operation without infringing certain limitations on cladding and gas temperatures. At the same time flux measurements were made for different shim-rod positions and different absorber loadings in certain channels. These measurements based on preliminary two-dimensional calculations, were obtained by activation of point detectors,using the standard technique of air poisoning. At certain temperature plateaus (up to 140{sup o}C), measurements of temperature coefficients and control-rod efficiency were made. Spectrum index measurements were carried out at the same time by activation of appropriate detectors (U, Pu, Lu, Mn, In, Au). The oscillation technique was used to measure the efficiency of certain shim rods. Finally, fast-neutron measurements were made in connection with studies of shielding and graphite damage. (author) [French] Une serie de mesures neutroniques utilisant les principales methodes experimentales mises au point sur les reacteurs de Marcoule a ete effectuee au cours du demarrage d'EDF1. Les mesures portent essentiellement sur l 'efficacite des barres de controle a differents enfoncements. On en deduit une configuration de montee des barres permettant d'obtenir la pleine puissance en respectant certaines limitations sur les temperatures de gaines et de gaz. Parallelement des mesures de flux ont ete faites pour differentes positions des barres de compensation et pour divers chargements d'absorbants dans certains canaux, suivant des calculs previsionnels a deux dimensions. Ces mesures sont obtenues par activation de detecteurs ponctuels, au moyen de la technique classique par empoisonnement a l

  8. Análisis de regímenes aduaneros

    OpenAIRE

    Maruri P., Cristina

    2010-01-01

    El presente documento contiene el análisis de cada Régimen Aduanero que las empresas en calidad de Exportadores e Importadores deben utilizar para un mejor manejo de sus actividades comerciales Internacionales. Los Regímenes Aduaneros se clasifican: Regímenes Comunes, Especiales, Particulares y de Excepción cada uno de ellos con subdivisión, sus definiciones, los requisitos y garantías que se debe cumplir de acuerdo a cada actividad empresarial. El documento cuenta también con ejemplo de Regí...

  9. At the heart of EDF's education plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maillard, C.

    2010-01-01

    Facing a high and growing number of retirements and the present revival of nuclear energy, Electricite de France (EDF), the French state-owned electric utility, is struggling to find the competencies it needs, especially in domains such as reactor operators, mechanic technicians and engineers in the fields of fittings, boiler fabrication, maintenance, automation, etc. EDF is thus engaged in an important education and training program. The author reports from Bugey (France), where is located one of the main EDF production-engineering training center, and describes the variety of learning activities available in the center. An important effort is devoted to the training of foreign operators in order for EDF to better compete on the nuclear energy international market

  10. The public utility contract between the French government and EDF; Le contrat de service public entre l'Etat et EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2005-07-01

    The public utility contract as foreseen by article 1 of the law from August 9, 2004 was signed on October 24, 2005. It represents the reference of EDF's (Electricite de France) commitments for its different activities of power producer-supplier and network manager. It precises also the commitments of the manager of the public energy transportation system (RTE EDF-Transport). It describes the level of commitment of EDF group over the 2005-2006-2007 era and precises the financial compensation modalities of its public utility missions and of its commitments as described in the contract. The public utility plan indicates the level of investments planned by EDF in the domain of power generation and networks. This document gathers: the talk given by D. de Villepin, Prime Minister, during the signature of the contract, the talk and presentation (slides) given by P. Gadonneix, head of EDF, the public utility contract between the government and EDF, and the public utility plan. (J.S.)

  11. 70 years of EDF archives and a lot more

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Holgado, S.

    2016-01-01

    Since 1968 'EDF Archives' has been in charge of collecting and preserving EDF's documents. EDF distinguishes 2 types of documents: documents (including data) that are still used by EDF teams in their daily work for knowledge transmission or legal aspects and earlier materials that are used for research works in history, sociology or economics. EDF being a public limited liability company (SA) with a public service mission, its archives are both private and public. The oldest documents date back in the 19. century as a legacy of the 2400 enterprises producing or transporting or dispatching electricity or gas that were nationalized in 1946 to form the EDF company. EDF's archives represent 100 linear kilometers of documents, 8 kilometers of which can be consulted by the public. In 2015 a club of the archivists from the nuclear industry was created, its aims were to manage common archives, to build a mapping of all corporate archives and to harmonize managing rules. (A.C.)

  12. EDF Group - Annual Report 2012

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2013-01-01

    The EDF Group is one of the world's leading energy companies, active in all areas from generation to trading and network management. It has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. With its first-rate human resources, R and D capability, expertise in engineering and operating generation plants and networks, as well as its energy eco-efficiency offers, the Group delivers competitive solutions that help ensure sustainable economic development and climate protection. The EDF Group is the leader in the French and UK electricity markets and has solid positions in Italy and numerous other European countries, as well as industrial operations in Asia and the United States. Everywhere it operates, the Group is a model of quality public service for the energy sector. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2012. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the 'EDF at a glance' report, and the Sustainable Development Indicators

  13. Inspection systems for valves monitoring at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Germain, J.L.; Granal, L.; Provost, D.; Touillez, M.

    1997-01-01

    Electricite de France (EDF) makes increasing use of valve inspection systems to guarantee safety in its pressurized water reactor plants, improve plant availability and facilitate condition-based maintenance. A portable system known as SAMIR has been developed for inspection of motor-operated valves, and is now used on EDF's 900-MW sites. For its 1300-MW units, EDF has chosen a more complete system which enables measuring thrust on the valve stem during a maneuver, using a sensor mounted on the yoke. To detect internal vale leaks, an on-site assessment has demonstrated the economic benefits of acoustic emission techniques. EDF has equipped its sites with analog leak detection systems which may soon be replaced by a digital model now being developed. (authors)

  14. EDF group - annual report 2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    This document contains the magazine, the financial statements and the sustainable development report of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: 1 - the magazine (chairman's statement, group profile, vision and strategy); 2 - the consolidated financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2003 (statutory auditors' report on the consolidated financial statements, EDF's summary annual financial statements); 3 - sustainable development report (transparency and dialogue, responsibility, commitment, partnerships for progress). (J.S.)

  15. EDF Group - 2010 Reference Document

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-04-01

    Beside the accounts of EDF for 2008 and 2009, this voluminous document presents persons in charge, legal account auditors, and how risks are managed within the company. It gives an overview of EDF activities, of its organization, of its assets. It presents and discusses its financial situation and results, indicates the main contracts, and proposes other documents concerning the company. Many documents and reports are provided in appendix

  16. New purchase conditions by EDF, of the electrical power produced by the energy valorization installations of domestic wastes and assimilated; Nouvelles conditions d'achat par EDF de l'electricite produite par les installations de valorisation energetique des dechets managers et assimiles

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2000-05-01

    The State Secretary for the Industry, C. Pierret, approved the new purchase conditions by EDF, concerning the electric power, produced by the installations of domestic wastes energy valorization. This action is in agreement with the energy policy. The purchase conditions are presented and commented. (A.L.B.)

  17. EDF Energies Nouvelles. Consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2009

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    EDF Energies Nouvelles is a world leader in renewable energy electricity. The company develops, builds and operates clean energy power plants both for its own account and for third parties. Historically, EDF Energies Nouvelles primarily developed its business in two geographical areas, Europe and North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico). EDF Energies Nouvelles is a subsidiary of EDF, helping the Group to achieve its renewable energy goals. The EDF Group generates low-carbon electricity around the world and actively participates in the energy transition. EDF Energies Nouvelles prioritizes development of wind and photovoltaic solar capacity. As an integrated operator with global reach, EDF Energies Nouvelles covers the entire renewable energy chain, from development to operation and maintenance, and manages all project phases in-house. This document is EDF Energies Nouvelles's registration document for the year 2009. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, employees, shareholders, etc. The document includes the group's consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2008

  18. Hearing of Mr. Francois Roussely, President of EdF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roussely, F.

    2005-01-01

    This document is the proceedings of the hearing of F. Roussely, President of Electricite de France (EdF), at the commission of economic affairs of the French house of commons, about the advisability of the construction of the EPR (European pressurized reactor) demonstration plant and about its possible financing by EdF. In a first part, F. Roussely recalls the European context of deregulation of energy markets and its impact of the French electric power industry (opening of the French market, industrial and social actions of EdF, need of a new generation of nuclear reactor, preservation of EdF's energy mix, warranty of public utility, un-bundling between energy trade and distribution, EdF's turnover and profitability, EdF's foreign daughter companies). In a second part, F. Roussely answers a series of questions asked by the different members of the commission concerning the different points presented in the first part. (J.S.)

  19. EDF and GDF diversification; La diversification d'EDF et de GDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-11-08

    In the last years Electricite de France (EDF) and Gaz de France (GDF) developed intervening strategies in a number of sectors opened to competition, the so-called strategies of diversification or complementary activities. These new strategies have multiple objectives as, for instance, prospective monopole evolution, increasing exigence of the consumers' demand, or else competence valuing. Ever since 1991, these strategic orientations developed with the support of public powers that worked out first measures of organization and monitoring. Although the frame was loose and rather tolerant, boosting EDF and GDF diversification was perceived by the concerned professionals as an aggression directed against them. Following a strong mobilization of professional organizations and a number of elected persons, in mid 1993, the minister of industry was impelled to tackle personally with the matter what resulted in an accurate system of framing. The GDF diversification is essentially characterized by a 'thermal pole' corresponding to the activities of heating operation. GDF controls, around the company Danto Rogeat and the old branches of Shell group, about 5% of a market of heating operation in France, i.e., represents the third place in a rather monopolized sector where the two main operators represent almost 75%. The EDF diversification is but more diffuse. Three main fields emerge distinctly: the waste processing, public lighting, and engineering. EDF is also present on more restraint markets as cartography, tele-surveillance, cable TV, aquaculture. The implementation of the system is presented where prerogatives of the Council of State on one hand and the Council of Competition on the other hand are stipulated. The disposition frame system is constituted of two measures stipulating the application of commendation from the two councils and provisions ensuring the transparency, respectively.

  20. EDF Group - Annual Report 2014. The people who power tomorrow

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    The EDF Group is the world's leading electricity company and very well established in Europe. Its business covers all electricity-related activities, from generation to networks and commerce. It is an important player in energy trading through EDF trading. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2014. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the 'EDF at a glance' report, and the EDF Group Performance sheet

  1. EDF - The Inspector General's report on Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tandonnet, Jean

    2012-01-01

    This report is destined for the President of EDF with the purpose of informing him of the judgement the Inspector General has about the nuclear safety and radiation protection within the EDF Group. It is also intended for all who, in any way, play a role at EDF in improving nuclear safety. It may also prove useful to those outside the company who work in the nuclear field or indeed any branch of industry where there are risks to be managed and who wish to participate in the debate. It also contributes to the pool of information shared with the other nuclear operators under the auspices of WANO. The continuous improvement of nuclear safety results is a fundamental commitment of the EDF Group. This is notably reflected in a policy of transparency, whether in France, Britain, America or China. This document constitutes an example of this, offering an independent view of the operational situation. It is based on facts and findings derived in EDF's contacts with field staff and meetings with the decision makers, managers, medical personnel and players on both sides of this industry as well as outside stakeholders, especially contractor companies. The resulting snapshot of the situation in the field is particularly instructive. This report therefore concentrates more on problems and weaknesses rather than strengths and progress, except as concerns happenings outside France, where the focus is more on good practices than difficulties. Contents: 1 - The view from the Inspector General of EDF about the nuclear safety in the EDF group; 2 - A panorama of 2011: The management, The state of the installations, Maintenance of the French nuclear power plants, Relations with the French nuclear safety authority (ASN), The EPR projects, The players in the fields of health and safety, Radiation protection, Fire prevention and fire fighting, Increasing nuclear power plant security, Decommissioning; 3 - Nuclear safety management; 4 - The Fukushima Daiichi accident; 5 - Training to

  2. The human factors approach at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Colas, A.

    2004-01-01

    At the dawn of the 21st century, French electricity utility EDF is facing a number of major changes, in particular the liberalisation of European energy markets and the restructuring needed to cope with this development. EDF's approach to human factors (HF) aspects is also undergoing major changes, since people obviously play a predominant role in any organisational structure. (author)

  3. EDF group. Annual report 2001

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-05-01

    This document is the English version of the 2001 annual report of Electricite de France (EdF) Group, the French electric utility. It comprises 4 parts: introduction (statement of the chairman and chief executive officer, corporate governance, group key figures, sustainable growth indicators - parent company, energy for a sustainable future, EdF group worldwide); dynamics and balanced growth (financial results, EdF's strategy in building a competitive global group: consolidating the European network, moving forward in energy-related services, responding to increasing energy demand in emerging countries); sustainable solutions for all (empowering the customer: competitive solutions for industrial customers, anticipating the needs of residential customers and SMEs, environmental solutions to enhance urban life, upgrading the network and providing access to energy; a sound, sustainable and secure energy mix: a highly competitive nuclear fleet, the vital resource of fossil-fuelled plants, a proactive approach to renewable energies); a global commitment to corporate social responsibility (human resources and partnerships). (J.S.)

  4. The French Electricity Company (EDF) and the environment. Press file for 1996; EDF et l'environnment 1996. Dossier de presse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bourdier, Jean-Pierre [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1997-03-27

    In 1996 the actions of EDF in the domain of environment have recorded FF 4 billions (FF 3.5 billion in 1995), representing about 2% of the EDF's turnover. The EDF keeps on its efforts for reducing the impact of its activities upon environment. Several applications of an environment protective electricity generation are promoted by the company. The company brings services and technical solutions to its clients which meet their energy needs and conserving at the same time the life conditions. Furthermore, EDF participates in the activity of numerous national and international organisms, intervening in the environmental questions, in decision making, participating in studies and actions and following continually the direction of a durable economic and social development. The report is structured in three chapters: 1. an industrial responsibility; 2. services and techniques for environment; 3. action towards a durable development.

  5. Experimental adoption of RCM in EDF substations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Heroin, G.; Aupied, J.; Sanchis, G.

    1995-12-01

    EDF, after testing Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) on systems used in nuclear power plants, has now successfully extended RCM to all of its nuclear power plants. In the light of this experience, EDF has committed itself to a pilot study on a line bay of a 400 kV substation in 1992. The RCM method as applied benefited from EDF's policy of maintenance, introduced five years ago on all substations, which has enhanced prospects of reliability. The original feature in the selection of maintenance tasks was that it brought into play two criteria for failure assessment: frequency and seriousness, and two criteria for maintenance task selection: efficiency and facility. (author)

  6. EDF - Electricite de France, 2004 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2004. It is made of several reports: The Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2004, the 2004 Half-year results presentation, and The Consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2004

  7. EDF - Electricite de France, 2005 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2005. It is made of several reports: the 2005 Annual Results presentation, the consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2005, the 2005 Half-year results presentation, and the Consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2005

  8. Group EDF annual report 2005 sustainable development; Groupe EDF rapport annuel 2005 developpement durable

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2006-05-15

    The EDF Group's Sustainable Development Report for 2005 is designed to report on Group commitments particularly within its Agenda 21, its ethical charter, and the Global Compact. It has also been prepared with reference to external reference frameworks: the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines and the French New Economic Regulations (NRE) contained in the May 15, 2001 French law. It contents the Chairman's statement, the evaluation of renewing and sharing commitments with all stakeholders, the managing local issues, EDF responses to the challenges of the future. Indicators are also provided. (A.L.B.)

  9. EDF Group - Annual Report 2013

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    The EDF Group is emerging as a global leader in electricity and an industrial benchmark spanning the entire business from generation and networks to sales and marketing. The group is growing stronger and changing. A long-term vision and relentless determination to provide a modern public service underpin its robust business model. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2013. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document comprises the Activity Report and the Sustainable Development Indicators

  10. Computerized dosimetry management systems within EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Daubert, G.

    1996-01-01

    EDF, using the ALARA approach, has embarked an ambitious project of optimising the doses received in its power plants. In directing its choice of actions and the effectiveness of such actions, the French operator is using a computerized personal and collective dosimetry management system. This system provides for ongoing monitoring of dosimetry at personal, site and unit level or indeed for the entire population of EDF nuclear power plants. (author)

  11. Total and EDF invest

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Signoret, St.

    2008-01-01

    So as to prepare the future of their industrial sector,the Total company plans to invest (14 billion Euros in 2008) to increase its production capacities and strengthen in of other activities as the liquefied natural gas and the renewable energies; EDF plans to inject 35 billion Euros over three years to multiply the new projects of power plants (wind turbines, coal in Germany, gas in Great Britain and nuclear power in Flamanville). EDF wants to exploit its knowledge of leader to run more than ten E.P.R.(European pressurized water reactor) in the world before 2020, projects are in examination with China, Great Britain, South Africa and United States. (N.C.)

  12. EDF group - Reference Document 2006

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2007-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and holds strong positions in the other three principal European markets (Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy) making it one of the leading electricity groups in Europe, and a recognized actor in the gas market. With an installed capacity of 123.7 GW in Europe (128.2 GW worldwide) it holds, among the major European energy specialists, the largest production fleet and the one emitting the least CO 2 , owing to the share of nuclear technology and hydropower in its generation mix. The EDF group supplies electricity, gas and associated services to more than 37.8 million customers throughout the world and in Europe (more than 28 million of whom are in France). The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between France and the international markets, and between deregulated and regulated operations. In 2006, the Group recorded consolidated sales of euros 58,932 million, net income (Group share) of euros 5,605 million, and it achieved earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization of euros 13,930 million. From July 1, 2007, the EDF group will carry out its trading activities in a European energy market fully open to competition. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document for the year 2006. It contains information about: the Group activities, risk factors, Business overview, Organizational structure, Property, plants and equipment, Operating and financial review, Capital resources and cash flows, Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Trend information, Financial forecasts or estimates, Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and senior management, Remuneration and benefits, Board practices, Employees/Human resources, Major shareholders, Related party transactions, Financial information

  13. EDF group - Reference Document, Annual Financial Report 2014

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    The EDF Group is the world's leading electricity company and very well established in Europe. Its business covers all electricity-related activities, from generation to networks and commerce. It is an important player in energy trading through EDF trading. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2014. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, human resources, shareholders, etc. The document includes the half-year financial report

  14. The public utility contract between the French government and EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-01-01

    The public utility contract as foreseen by article 1 of the law from August 9, 2004 was signed on October 24, 2005. It represents the reference of EDF's (Electricite de France) commitments for its different activities of power producer-supplier and network manager. It precises also the commitments of the manager of the public energy transportation system (RTE EDF-Transport). It describes the level of commitment of EDF group over the 2005-2006-2007 era and precises the financial compensation modalities of its public utility missions and of its commitments as described in the contract. The public utility plan indicates the level of investments planned by EDF in the domain of power generation and networks. This document gathers: the talk given by D. de Villepin, Prime Minister, during the signature of the contract, the talk and presentation (slides) given by P. Gadonneix, head of EDF, the public utility contract between the government and EDF, and the public utility plan. (J.S.)

  15. EDF and Areva: a hazardous and risky strategy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Teule, Rianne; Thomas, Steve

    2009-06-01

    As EDF and Areva have been developing for several years a strategy exclusively based on a nuclear revival in the world, this document proposes a synthesis of a study in which the author describes and analyses this strategy, as well as the actual trade perspectives of the sector, and outlines the many uncertainties regarding development projects. It addresses the financial and political context for EDF (a record indebtedness) and Areva (an inability to face investments) and outlines the supporting role of the Coface (the only way for the French government to support EDF and Areva). It highlights and discusses the failures of both ERP projects, in Flamanville (cost overruns and consequences) and in Finland. It addresses the actual status of markets, notices that France's strategy (lifetime extension for the existing reactors) implies that the construction of new EPRs might finally be postponed, that which would mean a loss of prospects for Areva and a catastrophe for the EPR program. It comments the commitment of EDF in the UK and outlines that the success of the development of new nuclear plants still depends on public subsidies which are not yet decided. The author considers that investments made by EDF in the USA seem rather speculative, and outlines that there are still financial issues and uncertainties like in the UK. The presence and activities of EDF and Areva in China are also commented, and more briefly for the rest of the world

  16. EDF Group - Annual Report 2005

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-01-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the European energy industry, present in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading, and increasingly active in the gas chain in Europe. Leader in the French electricity market, the Group also has solid positions in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. In the electricity sector, it has the premier generation fleet and customer portfolio in Europe and operates in strategically targeted areas in the rest of the world. The Group is also the leading network operator in Europe, giving it a sound business model, equally balanced between regulated activities and those open to competition. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2005. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development report, the Financial Report, the Sustainable Development Report, the Sustainable Development Indicators, the Management Report, the Report by the Chairman of EDF Board of Directors on corporate governance and internal control procedures

  17. EDF Group - Annual Report 2006

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2007-01-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the European energy industry, present in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading, and increasingly active in the gas chain in Europe. Leader in the French electricity market, the Group also has solid positions in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy. In the electricity sector, it has the premier generation fleet and customer portfolio in Europe and operates in strategically targeted areas in the rest of the world. The Group is also the leading network operator in Europe, giving it a sound business model, equally balanced between regulated activities and those open to competition. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2006. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the Sustainable Development Report, the Sustainable Development Indicators, and the Report by the Chairman of EDF Board of Directors on corporate governance and internal control procedures

  18. Group EDF at a glance 2005; Groupe EDF l'essentiel 2005

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2006-05-15

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the European energy industry, present in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading, and increasingly active in the gas chain in Europe. 2005 was a crucial year for EDF: growth in sales and a doubling of net income, the opening of the capital, the stepping up of our strategic development plan focused on Europe, a new public service agreement in France. This document presents the main points of the group activities in 2005: the group profile, the growing of the group, the solid position in France (sales and marketing, production and global warming, the radioactive wastes management and the business), consolidating positions in Europe and the international activities by pursuing a selective strategy. (A.L.B.)

  19. Algunos interrogantes sobre las modalidades de juzgamiento de los crímenes estatales masivos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Feierstein

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available El artículo propone un análisis criminológico de las categorías jurídicas creadas para lidiar con los crímenes estatales masivos (crímenes de guerra, crímenes contra la humanidad, genocidio, señalando las potencialidades, límites y desafíos de cada una de ellas, al tratarse de figuras que por primera vez aplican la capacidad de juzgar sobre el propio poder punitivo, lo cual genera ciertas paradojas. Se destaca la problematicidad de la figura de crímenes contra la humanidad como un posible "tipo abierto" y su utilización como ariete para vulnerar los ordenamientos jurídicos y derechos soberanos de las naciones en desarrollo. Se señala la necesidad de una mejor codificación del concepto de genocidio que, garantizando la inclusión de todos los grupos y la igualdad ante la ley, podría resultar una figura más sólida y menos peligrosa que la de crímenes contra la humanidad. Asimismo, el texto propone repensar los modos procesales en el juzgamiento de crímenes estatales masivos, con el fin de enfrentar con eficiencia aquellos delitos que son organizados por el propio poder punitivo, en condiciones de clandestinidad,  y donde la propia lógica de la prueba del delito es puesta en cuestión.

  20. EDF at a glance. EDF group 2002

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-01-01

    This document presents the organization and key data of the Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2002: business (generation and trading, transmission, distribution, supply, energy services), corporate governance (board of directors, executive committee), different branches of the group (continental Europe, western Europe, Middle-East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, Americas), main affiliates, international contacts and addresses, financial performance (consolidated sales, Ebitda), customers (residential, commercial, business and industrial, local authorities), generation (balanced energy mix), human resources, corporate social responsibility, sustainable development indicators. (J.S.)

  1. The French Electricity Company (EDF) and the environment. Press file for 1996; EDF et l'environnment 1996. Dossier de presse

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bourdier, Jean-Pierre [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1997-03-27

    In 1996 the actions of EDF in the domain of environment have recorded FF 4 billions (FF 3.5 billion in 1995), representing about 2% of the EDF's turnover. The EDF keeps on its efforts for reducing the impact of its activities upon environment. Several applications of an environment protective electricity generation are promoted by the company. The company brings services and technical solutions to its clients which meet their energy needs and conserving at the same time the life conditions. Furthermore, EDF participates in the activity of numerous national and international organisms, intervening in the environmental questions, in decision making, participating in studies and actions and following continually the direction of a durable economic and social development. The report is structured in three chapters: 1. an industrial responsibility; 2. services and techniques for environment; 3. action towards a durable development.

  2. EDF specifications on nuclear grade resins

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mascarenhas, Darren; Gressier, Frederic; Taunier, Stephane; Le-Calvar, Marc; Ranchoux, Gilles; Marteau, Herve; Labed, Veronique

    2012-09-01

    Ion exchange resins are widely used across EDF, especially within the nuclear division for the purification of water. Important applications include primary circuit, secondary circuit and effluent treatment, which require high quality nuclear grade resins to retain the dissolved species, some of which may be radioactive. There is a need for more and more efficient purification in order to decrease worker dose during maintenance but also to decrease volumes of radioactive resin waste. Resin performance is subject to several forms of degradation, including physical, chemical, thermal and radioactive, therefore appropriate resin properties have to be selected to reduce such effects. Work has been done with research institutes, manufacturers and on EDF sites to select these properties, create specifications and to continuously improve on these specifications. An interesting example of research regarding resin performance is the resin degradation under irradiation. Resins used in the CVCS circuit of EDF nuclear power plants are subject to irradiation over their lifetime. A study was carried out on the effects of total integrated doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 MGy on typically used EDF mixed bed resins in a 'mini-CVCS' apparatus to simultaneously test actual primary circuit fluid. The tests confirmed that the resins still perform efficiently after a typical CVCS radiation dose. Certain resins also need additional specifications in order to maintain the integrity of the particular circuits they are used in. Recently, EDF has updated its requirements on these high purity nuclear grade resins, produced generic doctrines for all products and materials used on site which include resins of all grades, and as a result have also updated a guide on recommended resin usage for the French fleet of reactors. An overview of the evolutions will be presented. (authors)

  3. Radioactive waste management at EDF plants: General overview and perspectives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Debes, M.; Bordier, M.

    2001-01-01

    During the last fifteen years a significant decrease in solid radioactive waste generated by nuclear power plants of Electricite de France (EDF) has taken place. Technology used by EDF is described, with emphasis on innovative technologies. Experience and lessons learned are described showing how EDF has responded to meet increasingly stringent regulations for radioactive waste management. (author)

  4. EDF - Electricite de France, 2007 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2007. It is made of several reports: the 2007 Annual Results presentation, the 2007 Financial Report, the press releases for the first and third quarters 2007 quarterly financial information, the 2007 Half-year results presentation, the Management Report for the first half 2007, and the consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2007

  5. EDF - Electricite de France, 2008 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2008. It is made of several reports: The Annual Results press release, the 2008 Annual Results presentation, the 2008 Financial Report, the press releases for the first and third quarters 2008 quarterly financial information, the 2008 Half-year results presentation, the Financial Report for the first half 2008

  6. EDF - Electricite de France, 2006 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2007-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2006. It is made of several reports: the 2006 Annual Results presentation, the 2006 Financial Report, the press releases for the first and third quarters 2006 quarterly financial information, the 2006 Half-year results presentation, the Management Report for the first half 2006, and the consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2006

  7. CO2: EDF's competitiveness is due to nuclear power

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2003-01-01

    The CO 2 emissions of EDF group (EDF-France + EDF-energy (UK) + Hidrocantabrico (Spain) + EnBW (Germany)) soared by 53% in 2002 which is due to the purchase of british and spanish electricity sub-companies using fossil energies. Despite this sharp increase EDF remains one of the most competitive electricity companies in Europe concerning greenhouse gas emissions. EDF group is the first electricity company in Europe, it generates 22% of the electricity produced in E.U and contributes to CO 2 emissions with a rate of 101 Kg CO 2 /MWh which 3 times less than the average rate of 20 other European companies (358 Kg CO 2 /MWh). This result is due to the large part of nuclear power in the French energy mix. The best electricity companies as far as CO 2 emissions are concerned are Statkraft (Norway) with 0 Kg CO 2 /MWh (100% hydrology) and British-energy (U.K) with 75 Kg CO 2 /MWh (75% nuclear power). At the other end we have the DEI company (Greece) with 863 Kg CO 2 /MWh (100% lignite). (A.C.)

  8. EDF-1 downregulates the CaM/Cn/NFAT signaling pathway during adipogenesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    López-Victorio, Carlos J.; Velez-delValle, Cristina; Beltrán-Langarica, Alicia; Kuri-Harcuch, Walid

    2013-01-01

    Highlights: ► EDF-1 participates early adipogenesis in 3T3F442A cells induced with Staurosporine/Dexamethasone. ► EDF-1 associates with CaM and Cn, most likely inactivating Cn. ► EDF-1/CaM complex seems to prevent NFATc1 activation by Cn. ► EDF-1 regulates the Cn/CaM/NFATc1 pathway during adipogenesis. ► EDF-1 may regulate the activation of Cn through a complex formation with CaM. - Abstract: The endothelial differentiation factor-1 (EDF-1) is a calmodulin binding protein that regulates calmodulin-dependent enzymes. In endothelial cells, this factor can form a protein complex with calmodulin. We analyzed the relationship between this factor and the members of calmodulin/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway during adipogenesis of 3T3-F442A cells. We found that the expression of edf1 is upregulated during early adipogenesis, whereas that of calcineurin gene is lowered, suggesting that this pathway should be downregulated to allow for adipogenesis to occur. We also found that EDF-1 associates with calmodulin and calcineurin, most likely inactivating calcineurin. Our results showed that EDF-1 inactivates the calmodulin/calcineurin/NFAT pathway via sequestration of calmodulin, during early adipogenesis, and we propose a mechanism that negatively regulates the activation of calcineurin through a complex formation between EDF-1 and calmodulin. This finding raises the possibility that modulating this pathway might offer some alternatives to regulate adipose biology

  9. EDF-1 downregulates the CaM/Cn/NFAT signaling pathway during adipogenesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    López-Victorio, Carlos J.; Velez-delValle, Cristina; Beltrán-Langarica, Alicia [Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000 (Mexico); Kuri-Harcuch, Walid, E-mail: walidkuri@gmail.com [Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies-IPN, Apdo. Postal 14-740, México City 07000 (Mexico)

    2013-03-01

    Highlights: ► EDF-1 participates early adipogenesis in 3T3F442A cells induced with Staurosporine/Dexamethasone. ► EDF-1 associates with CaM and Cn, most likely inactivating Cn. ► EDF-1/CaM complex seems to prevent NFATc1 activation by Cn. ► EDF-1 regulates the Cn/CaM/NFATc1 pathway during adipogenesis. ► EDF-1 may regulate the activation of Cn through a complex formation with CaM. - Abstract: The endothelial differentiation factor-1 (EDF-1) is a calmodulin binding protein that regulates calmodulin-dependent enzymes. In endothelial cells, this factor can form a protein complex with calmodulin. We analyzed the relationship between this factor and the members of calmodulin/calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway during adipogenesis of 3T3-F442A cells. We found that the expression of edf1 is upregulated during early adipogenesis, whereas that of calcineurin gene is lowered, suggesting that this pathway should be downregulated to allow for adipogenesis to occur. We also found that EDF-1 associates with calmodulin and calcineurin, most likely inactivating calcineurin. Our results showed that EDF-1 inactivates the calmodulin/calcineurin/NFAT pathway via sequestration of calmodulin, during early adipogenesis, and we propose a mechanism that negatively regulates the activation of calcineurin through a complex formation between EDF-1 and calmodulin. This finding raises the possibility that modulating this pathway might offer some alternatives to regulate adipose biology.

  10. EDF's Engineering Experience and Contribution to the Nuclear Development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Salha, Bernard; Fourest, Bernard; Arpino, Jean-Marc

    2002-01-01

    Electricite de France (EDF) is now operating 58 nuclear power units which produce 76% of the electricity generated in France. This EDF's industrial success is the result of its capacity to master and optimize its production tool, from design through operation. EDF's integrated engineering is in the heart of this process of technical expertise and economic optimization. It allows to be in interface between the needs of operators and industrials suppliers, while accumulating a significant feedback of operating experience. The will of achieving the process of frenchifying PWR technology and to implement new industrial innovations have ended up in the new NPP of 100 % french design, the N4 series and its significant innovations. EDF energy policy is to keep the nuclear option open for the future. This strategy results from the need to improve the availability and the life extension of the units in operation and to prepare the replacement of the operating reactors around 2015. This is the objective of the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR), a French-German joint project. EDF is also applying this industrial process in its international projects. For example China, which desires to implement a standardized nuclear program and to move forward the complete autonomy of its nuclear industry, has decided to adopt a similar approach to EDF's one. (authors)

  11. EDF Group - Annual Report 2015

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    EDF Group is the world's leading electricity company and it is particularly well established in Europe, especially France, the United Kingdom, Italy and Belgium. Its business covers all electricity-related activities, from generation to distribution and including energy transmission and trading activities to continuously balance supply with demand. A marked increase in the use of renewables is bringing change to its power generation operations, which are underpinned by a diversified low-carbon energy mix founded on nuclear power capacity. With activities across the entire electricity value chain, EDF is reinventing the products and services it offers to help residential customers manage their electricity consumption, to support the energy and financial performance of business customers and to support local authorities in finding sustainable solutions for the cities of the future. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2015. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the 2016 Book, the '2016 at a glance' report, the Profile and Performance 2015 report, the 2015 Reference Document - Annual Financial Report

  12. EDF plan for a dispersant injection trial

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mercier, Stephane; Corredera, Geraldine; Alves-Vieira, Maria; Mansour, Carine; You, Dominique

    2012-09-01

    In its strategy for SG fouling control, EDF is considering the use of dispersant as a preventive remedy. A trial on Golfech 2 started in May 2012. The dispersant selected for the trial is Polyacrylic Acid (PAA). The main goals of the test are to check and quantify the gain on iron transport to blowdown, to evaluate the possible effects on secondary side chemistry and the operational costs of the injection - reactant, ion exchange resins and filters. The results of the test, if satisfying, will be used to set EDF strategy for dispersant long term use on its fleet. So, one concern about the trial is to make sure that the conclusions of this test will be applicable to a wide range of EDF plants. For that purpose, several criteria have been examined for the choice of the candidate plant such as fouling level, secondary circuit materials (presence or absence of copper alloys,...), SG tube material, thermal power margin, secondary side chemistry (amine used and pH applied). Before starting the trial, EDF had to take into account the international feedback and to adapt it to its specific requirements: the neutralization amine was switched from ETA to morpholine, additional work had been completed to validate the innocuousness of PAA injection for EDF plants... This work especially includes laboratory testing of secondary side corrosion cracking in the presence of PAA and water chemistries used in EdF plants. Moreover, investigation on the thermal stability of PAA and degradation products was completed and further evaluation of environmental impact was performed. A dedicated skid for the injection of PAA was implemented in Golfech Chemicals injection room. The installation and the process were notably designed to take into account the high viscosity of the commercial product, and the need to proceed to a good rinsing of the pipes without increasing the discharged effluents. The first available data from Golfech 2 trial are also provided and discussed. (authors)

  13. EDF - Electricite de France, 2009 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2009. It is made of several reports: The Annual Results press release, the 2009 Annual Results presentation and its appendices of the presentation the press releases for the first and third quarters 2009 quarterly financial information, the presentation of the Sales for the 3rd quarter 2009, the 2009 Half-year results presentation, the Financial Report for the first half 2009

  14. EDF at a glance. EDF group 2002; Organisation et chiffres cles. Groupe EDF 2002

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2003-07-01

    This document presents the organization and key data of the Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2002: business (generation and trading, transmission, distribution, supply, energy services), corporate governance (board of directors, executive committee), different branches of the group (continental Europe, western Europe, Middle-East and Africa, Asia-Pacific, Americas), main affiliates, international contacts and addresses, financial performance (consolidated sales, Ebitda), customers (residential, commercial, business and industrial, local authorities), generation (balanced energy mix), human resources, corporate social responsibility, sustainable development indicators. (J.S.)

  15. EDF - Electricite de France, 2003 First Half Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2003-10-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's first half results for 2003. It contains a presentation of the First Half Developments and Outlook and the Financial Results, followed by the consolidated half year financial statements for the period ended 30 June 2003

  16. Report 2000 of EDF nuclear park '' Humans, architects of the progress; Bilan 2000 du parc nucleaire d'EDF ''les hommes, artisans du progres''

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Stricker, L.

    2001-03-01

    This report presents the results of the EDF nuclear park, during 2000, in matter of safety, environment and competitiveness. In 2000, the EDF nuclear installations safety still improved. Hopeful the nuclear energy part in its power production, EDF avoids the carbon dioxide diffusion in the atmosphere. EDF also commits itself to reduce the liquid effluents, the gaseous emissions and the solid wastes. At the same time EDF remained competitive with a decrease of the kWh price of 7%. (A.L.B.)

  17. Menedžment projektov in finančna dodana vrednost

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marko Brcar

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Raziskovalno vprašanje (RV: Ali obstajajo statistično značilne povezave med dejavniki planiranja, organiziranja, vodenja in kontroliranja in finančno dodano vrednostjo gradbenih projektov. Namen: Namen raziskave je bil opraviti empirično raziskavo o vplivu dejavnikov menedžment projektov na finančno dodano vrednost v izbranih slovenskih gradbenih podjetjih ter podati predloge za izboljšanje stanja. Metoda: V kvantitativni raziskavi je sodelovalo 77 anketirancev iz slovenskih gradbenih podjetij, med katerimi je bila večina menedžerjev projektov. Rezultati: Na podlagi raziskave je razvidno, da imajo natančneje planirani gradbeni projekti statistično značilen vpliv na finančno dodano vrednost projektov, pri čemer imata največji vpliv ustrezno planiranje in preverjanje ciljev ter obvladovanje sprememb na projektu. Organizacija: Izidi raziskave bodo lahko v praktično pomoč vsem tistim, ki se ukvarjajo s področjem gradbenih projektov in njihovo uspešnostjo. Empirične ugotovitve iz raziskave naj bi spodbudile podjetja in druge organizacije, da bodo več časa namenila planiranju projekta. Originalnost: Prispevek raziskave k menedžerski znanosti in stroki je opravljena empirična raziskava in analiza vpliva dejavnikov menedžmenta na finančno dodano vrednost projekta, saj v zadnjih desetih letih v gradbeništvu ni bilo podobne raziskave. Omejitve: V raziskavi smo se omejili le na finančno dodano vrednost projektov, nismo se osredotočali na ostale dejavnike učinkovitosti projektov, na primer kakovost proizvoda ali procesa, zadovoljstvo uporabnika, zadovoljstvo odjemalcev in podobno.

  18. About the EDF formation in a capacitively coupled argon plasma

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tatanova, M; Thieme, G; Basner, R; Hannemann, M; Golubovskii, Yu B; Kersten, H

    2006-01-01

    The formation of the electron distribution function (EDF) in the bulk plasma of a capacitively coupled radio-frequency (rf) discharge in argon generated in the plasma-chemical reactor PULVA-INP is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Measurements of the EDF and internal plasma parameters were performed by means of a Langmuir probe at pressures of 0.5-100 Pa and discharge powers of 5-100 W. The observed EDFs have revealed a two-temperature behaviour at low pressures and evolved into a Maxwellian distribution at high gas pressures and large discharge powers. Theoretical determination of the EDF is based on the numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation in the local and non-local approaches under experimental conditions. The model includes elastic and inelastic electron-atom collisions and electron-electron interactions. Low electron temperatures and relatively high ionization degrees are the features of the PULVA-INP rf discharge. This leads to significant influence of the electron-electron collisions on the EDF formation. The modelled and measured distributions show good agreement in a wide range of discharge parameters, except for a range of low gas pressures, where the stochastic electron heating is intense. Additionally, mechanisms of the EDF formation in the dc and rf discharge were compared under similar discharge conditions

  19. About the EDF formation in a capacitively coupled argon plasma

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Tatanova, M [Institute of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, ul. Ulianovskaja 1, 198504 Saint-Petersburg (Russian Federation); Thieme, G [Institut fur Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str 19, D-17489 Greifswald (Germany); Basner, R [Institut fur Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str 19, D-17489 Greifswald (Germany); Hannemann, M [Institut fur Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str 19, D-17489 Greifswald (Germany); Golubovskii, Yu B [Institute of Physics, Saint-Petersburg State University, ul. Ulianovskaja 1, 198504 Saint-Petersburg (Russian Federation); Kersten, H [Institut fur Niedertemperatur-Plasmaphysik, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str 19, D-17489 Greifswald (Germany)

    2006-08-01

    The formation of the electron distribution function (EDF) in the bulk plasma of a capacitively coupled radio-frequency (rf) discharge in argon generated in the plasma-chemical reactor PULVA-INP is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Measurements of the EDF and internal plasma parameters were performed by means of a Langmuir probe at pressures of 0.5-100 Pa and discharge powers of 5-100 W. The observed EDFs have revealed a two-temperature behaviour at low pressures and evolved into a Maxwellian distribution at high gas pressures and large discharge powers. Theoretical determination of the EDF is based on the numerical solution of the Boltzmann kinetic equation in the local and non-local approaches under experimental conditions. The model includes elastic and inelastic electron-atom collisions and electron-electron interactions. Low electron temperatures and relatively high ionization degrees are the features of the PULVA-INP rf discharge. This leads to significant influence of the electron-electron collisions on the EDF formation. The modelled and measured distributions show good agreement in a wide range of discharge parameters, except for a range of low gas pressures, where the stochastic electron heating is intense. Additionally, mechanisms of the EDF formation in the dc and rf discharge were compared under similar discharge conditions.

  20. EDF group - Reference Document 2007

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the European energy industry, active in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading and network management. The leader in the French electricity market, the Group also has solid positions in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy, with a portfolio of 38.5 million European customers and a generation fleet which is unique in the world. It intends to play a major role in the global revival of nuclear and is increasingly active in the gas chain. The Group has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. Given its R and D capability, its track record and expertise in nuclear, fossil-fired and hydro generation and in renewable energies, together with its energy eco-efficiency offers, EDF is well placed to deliver competitive solutions to reconcile sustainable economic growth and climate preservation. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2007. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, human resources, shareholders, etc. The document includes the 2008 half-year financial report and consolidated financial statements, and the report drafted by the Statutory Auditors

  1. EDF group - Reference Document 2004

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2005-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. With an installed capacity of 125,4 GW, it contributes to the supply of energy and services to more than 42 million customers throughout the world (with approximately 36 million customers in Europe, more than 28 million of whom are in France). The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. In 2004, the Group recorded consolidated sales of euros 46,928 million, net income (Group share) of euros 1,341 million, and it achieved earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortization of euros 12,127 million. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document for the year 2004. It contains information about: the Group activities, capital, relations with Gaz de France utility, strategy, industrial environment, history, activity in France, international activity, transverse activities and functions, disputes, arbitration and risk factors, Property, Plants and Equipment, Operating and Financial Review, Administrative, Management, and Supervisory Bodies and Senior Management, Remuneration and Benefits, recent trends and perspectives

  2. Una aproximación al concepto de crímenes contra la humanidad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel Díaz Soto

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo explora el concepto de “crímenes contra la humanidad”, a partir de una revisión histórica y del análisis de los distintos instrumentos internacionales que han consagrado esta categoría normativa. De igual modo, pretende ilustrar al lector acerca de la teoría de los crímenes contra la humanidad formulada por el profesor de la Universidad de Georgetown David J. Luban, para quien el rasgo definidor de estos delitos es que atentan contra la naturaleza política del ser humano. Por último, se destaca la influencia del pensamiento de Luban en la reciente jurisprudencia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia acerca de los crímenes contra la humanidad.

  3. And thus EDF met information science; Ainsi EDF rencontra l`informatique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Caseau, P. [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France). Direction des Etudes et Recherches; Poujet, J. [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1997-06-01

    A historical review of the parallel evolution of digital computers and scientific calculations at Electricite de France, is presented, with numerous examples of computers (Bull, IBM, Cray) models, the improvement of their performances and the studies they allowed in the energy generation and transmission fields since the beginnings in 1955 and up to 1972 at EDF

  4. EDF Group - Annual Report 2011. Electricity, long-term choices

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-01-01

    The EDF Group is one of the world's leading energy companies, active in all areas from generation to trading and network management. It has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. With its first-rate human resources, R and D capability, expertise in engineering and operating generation plants and networks, as well as its energy eco-efficiency offers, the Group delivers competitive solutions that help ensure sustainable economic development and climate protection. The EDF Group is the leader in the French and UK electricity markets and has solid positions in Italy and numerous other European countries, as well as industrial operations in Asia and the United States. Everywhere it operates, the Group is a model of quality public service for the energy sector. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2011. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the Management Report, the Report by the Chairman of EDF Board of Directors on corporate governance and internal control procedures, the Milestones report, the 'EDF at a glance' report, and the Sustainable Development Indicators

  5. PARs for combustible gas control in advanced light water reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hosler, J.; Sliter, G.

    1997-01-01

    This paper discusses the progress being made in the United States to introduce passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) technology as a cost-effective alternative to electric recombiners for controlling combustible gas produced in postulated accidents in both future Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs) and certain U. S. operating nuclear plants. PARs catalytically recombine hydrogen and oxygen, gradually producing heat and water vapor. They have no moving parts and are self-starting and self-feeding, even under relatively cold and wet containment conditions. Buoyancy of the hot gases they create sets up natural convective flow that promotes mixing of combustible gases in a containment. In a non-inerted ALWR containment, two approaches each employing a combination of PARs and igniters are being considered to control hydrogen in design basis and severe accidents. In pre-inerted ALWRs, PARs alone control radiolytic oxygen produced in either accident type. The paper also discusses regulatory feedback regarding these combustible gas control approaches and describes a test program being conducted by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and Electricite de France (EdF) to supplement the existing PAR test database with performance data under conditions of interest to U.S. plants. Preliminary findings from the EPRI/EdF PAR model test program are included. Successful completion of this test program and confirmatory tests being sponsored by the U. S. NRC are expected to pave the way for use of PARs in ALWRs and operating plants. (author)

  6. Ensuring the sustainability of EDF power plant operating capacity; Assurer la perennite des competences d'exploitation des centrales d'EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Francois, J. [Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire (IRSN), Service d' Etude des Facteurs Humains, 92 - Clamart (France)

    2009-07-15

    The life extension of the power plants is considered whereas EDF must face an acceleration of the retirement rates due to the fact that the first generations of the baby-boom are ageing 60 years, now. Between 2000 and 2006, EDF gradually set up a system of management of competencies. On the one hand, EDF moved from logic of relatively standardized training to a more individualized logic of acquisition of competencies. In addition, the objective of maintenance of internat competencies defined in 2000 was supplemented in 2003 by a prospective dimension intended to anticipate the departures in inactivity. Then in 2006 competencies of sub-contractors were taken into account. During this period I.R.S.N. has assessed 3 times this system of management. This article briefly presents the principal lessons driven from these evaluations. It accounts for the undeniable effort made by EDF to ensure the maintenance of its competencies. However, it stresses that a high level of vigilance is still needed because it is not stabilized already. (author)

  7. Company of the month: French EDF opts for nuclear power

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jansen, Siw Linnea

    2006-01-01

    EDF is Europe's largest power company with 640 TWh produced in 2005 and 36,7 million customers in Europe. On a global scale the company has more than 40 million customers. EDF has significant positions in the four big energy markets in Europe: Germany, France, Great Britain and Italy. EDF has an ambitious investment program in the area of nuclear power, and holds that increased investments in this sector is the best and most beneficial way of keeping up with Europe's increasing energy demand (ml)

  8. Ultrasonic Inspection following Heat Treatment of Uranium Alloys; Controle des Traitements Thermiques d'Alliage d'Uranium par Ultrasons; Kontrol' termicheskoj obrabotki uranovykh splavov s pomoshch'yu ul'trazvuka; Control Ultrasonico de los Tratamientos Termicos de Aleaciones de Uranio

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Destribats, Marie-Therese; Cherpentier, C.; Papezik, F.; Pigeon, M. [Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires Desaclay (France)

    1965-10-15

    To improve the behaviour of low uranium alloys in reactors it is often necessary to reduce grain size by heat treatment. It has proved essential to provide for inspection of the whole element and the entire output in order to discover the exact quality of the fuel used. This inspection cannot be made by micrography because of the time required and the fact that the data obtained are incomplete. The inspection system adopted is based on the principle of absorption of ultrasonic waves by materials. This absorption depends on the structure of the medium. If {lambda} is small in relation to grain size G, absorption is low; whereas if G is of the order of {lambda}/2, absorption is very high. The tests were made first in air, using the multiple-echo system, then by measuring the height of the first echo, and finally by transmission in water, the height of the transmitted echo being compared with that of the initial signal. In industrial use, the amplitude of the echo transmitted by the material is compared with the echo obtained from a standard of the same characteristics and shape. Inspection takes place in a special machine in which the materials are rotated by rollers and adjustable transducers move over the element. The helicoidal scanning is carried out with a pitch of less than 5 mm. The ultrasonic generator includes a control system ensuring a constant reference echo. The paper quotes a series of records showing the results obtained with various alloys and in particular the faults observed in elements treated by induction upon linear displacement. The arrangement can detect faulty treatment zones of less than 1 cm{sup 2}. The system is at present used to inspect all low alloy uranium fuels of the G2, EL3, EDF1, EDF2 and INCA reactors, i.e. rods and tubes with diameters between 20 and 95 mm. (author) [French] Afin d'obtenir une meilleure tenue des alliages d'uranium faiblement allies dans les reacteurs, un affinage du grain par traitements thermiques est souvent

  9. EDF group - Reference Document 2009

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    The EDF group is an integrated energy company with a presence in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, supply and energy trading. It is France's leading electricity operator and has a strong position in the three other main European markets (Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy), making it one of Europe's leading electrical players as well as a recognized player in the gas industry. With worldwide installed power capacity totaling 136.3 GW as of December 31, 2009 (134.0 GW in Europe) and global energy generation of 618.5 TWh, it has the largest generating capacity of all the major European energy corporations with the lowest level of CO 2 emissions due to the significant proportion of nuclear and hydroelectric power in its generation mix. The EDF group supplies gas, electricity, and associated services to more than 37.9 million customer accounts worldwide (including approximately 27.7 million in France). The EDF group's businesses reflect its adoption of a model aimed at finding the best balance between French and international activities, competitive and regulated operations and based on an upstream-downstream integration. In 2009, the Group's consolidated revenues were euros 66.3 billion, the net income (Group share) was euros 3.9 billion, and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization was euros 17.5 billion. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2009. It contains information about: the Group activities, risk factors, Business, Organizational structure, Property plant and equipment, Operating and financial review, Capital resources and cash flows, Research and Development, Patents and Licenses, Information on trends, Financial outlook, Administrative, management, and supervisory bodies and senior management, Compensation and benefits, Functioning of the administration and management bodies, Employees/Human resources

  10. Report from the commission about the industrial and financial project of EdF; Rapport de la commission sur le projet industriel et financier d'EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This report takes stock of the work carried out by the commission appointed by the French ministry of economy, finances and industry about the industrial and financial project of Electricite de France (EdF) in the framework of the liberalization of European energy markets. The report presents the conclusions of the commission about EdF's position in the new competition context, about the financial position of the group and about the foreseeable strategic options and their consequences in terms of equity fund needs. 5 appendixes present: the evolution of electricity prices, EdF and the energy policy, the electricity market and the competition in Europe, the EdF group: presentation and main adaptation stakes, the financial situation of EdF group. (J.S.)

  11. MOX and UOX PWR fuel performances EDF operating experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Provost, Jean-Luc; Debes, Michel

    2005-01-01

    Based on a large program of experimentations implemented during the 90s, the industrial achievement of new FAs designs with increased performances opens up new prospects. The currently UOX fuels used on the 58 EDF PWR units are now authorized up to a maximum FA burn-up of 52 GWd/t with a large experience from 45 to 50 GWd/t. Today, the new products, along with the progress made in the field of calculation methods, still enable to increase further the fuel performances with respect to the safety margins. Thus, the conditions are met to implement in the next years new fuel managements on each NPPs series of the EDF fleet with increased enrichment (up to 4.5%) and irradiation limits (up to 62 GWd/t). The recycling of plutonium is part of EDF's reprocessing/recycling strategy. Up to now, 20 PWR 900 MW reactors are managed in MOX hybrid management. The feedback experience of 18 years of PWR operation with MOX is satisfactory, without any specific problem regarding manoeuvrability or plant availability. EDF is now looking to introduce MOX fuels with a higher plutonium content (up to 8.6%) equivalent to natural uranium enriched to 3.7%. It is the goal of the MOX Parity core management which achieve balance of MOX and UOX fuel performance with a significant increase of the MOX average discharge burn-up (BU max: 52 GWd/t for MOX and UOX). The industrial maturity of new FAs designs, with increased performances, allows the implementation in the next years of new fuel managements on each NPPs series of the EDF fleet. The scheduling of the implementation of the new fuel managements on the PWRs fleet is a great challenge for EDF, with important stakes: the nuclear KWh cost decrease with the improvement of the plant operation performance. (author)

  12. Ensuring the sustainability of EDF power plant operating capacity

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Francois, J.

    2009-01-01

    The life extension of the power plants is considered whereas EDF must face an acceleration of the retirement rates due to the fact that the first generations of the baby-boom are ageing 60 years, now. Between 2000 and 2006, EDF gradually set up a system of management of competencies. On the one hand, EDF moved from logic of relatively standardized training to a more individualized logic of acquisition of competencies. In addition, the objective of maintenance of internat competencies defined in 2000 was supplemented in 2003 by a prospective dimension intended to anticipate the departures in inactivity. Then in 2006 competencies of sub-contractors were taken into account. During this period I.R.S.N. has assessed 3 times this system of management. This article briefly presents the principal lessons driven from these evaluations. It accounts for the undeniable effort made by EDF to ensure the maintenance of its competencies. However, it stresses that a high level of vigilance is still needed because it is not stabilized already. (author)

  13. Group EDF annual report 2005 sustainable development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-05-01

    The EDF Group's Sustainable Development Report for 2005 is designed to report on Group commitments particularly within its Agenda 21, its ethical charter, and the Global Compact. It has also been prepared with reference to external reference frameworks: the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines and the French New Economic Regulations (NRE) contained in the May 15, 2001 French law. It contents the Chairman's statement, the evaluation of renewing and sharing commitments with all stakeholders, the managing local issues, EDF responses to the challenges of the future. Indicators are also provided. (A.L.B.)

  14. EDF group - Reference Document 2008. Leading the energy change

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The EDF group is an integrated energy company with a presence in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, supply and energy trading. It is France's leading electricity operator and has a strong position in the three other main European markets (Germany, the United Kingdom and Italy), making it one of Europe's leading electrical players as well as a recognized player in the gas industry. With worldwide installed power capacity totaling 127.1 GW (124.8 GW in Europe) and global energy generation of 609.9 TWh, it has the largest generating capacity of all the major European energy corporations with the lowest level of CO 2 emissions due to the significant proportion of nuclear and hydroelectric power in its generation mix. The EDF group supplies gas, electricity, and associated services to more than 38 million customer accounts worldwide (including approximately 28 million in France). The EDF group's businesses reflect its adoption of a model aimed at finding the best balance between French and international activities, and between competitive and regulated operations. In 2008, the Group's consolidated revenues were euros 64.3 billion, the net income (Group share) was euros 3.4 billion, and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization was euros 14.2 billion. Since July 1, 2007, the EDF group conducts its business in a European market that is completely open to competition. Since January 1, 2008, ERDF, a wholly owned subsidiary of EDF, has assumed responsibility for all distribution in France, while RTE-EDF Transport is responsible for all transmission activities. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document for the year 2008. It contains information about: the Group activities, risk factors, Business overview, Organizational structure, Property plant and equipment, Operating and financial review, Capital resources and cash flows, Research and development, patents and licenses

  15. EDF's dismantling experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mira, J.J.

    1993-01-01

    The dismantling policy at EDF, taking into account technical, economical and socio-political factors, is presented. The various current realizations are reviewed and their dismantling solution discussed: Chinon A2, Chinon A1, Marcoule G1, G2, G3, Brennilis (EL4). Several dismantling projects are also described (Chinon A3, St-Laurent A1-A2, Chooz A). The various dismantling operations are presented and scheduled

  16. Design, manufacturing and commissioning of mobile unit for EDF (Dow Chemical process)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cangini, D.; Cordier, J.P.; PEC Engineering, Osny, France)

    1985-01-01

    To process their spent ion exchange resins and the liquid wastes, EDF has ordered from PEC a mobile unit using the DOW CHEMICAL binder. This paper presents the EDF's design requirements as well as the new French regulation for waste embedding. The mobile unit was started in January 1983 and commissioned successfully in January 1985 in the TRICASTIN EDF's power plant

  17. Catalogue of EDF`s technical specifications (HN reference). Centre of standardization; Catalogue des specifications techniques EDF (reference HN). Centre de normalisation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    1998-12-31

    This document edited by Electricite de France (EdF), is a catalogue of the French standard documents relative to any type of electrical material and equipment and which contain the technical specifications of these materials and equipments. A brief description of these specifications is given for each type of material or equipment listed. (J.S.)

  18. EDF group - Reference Document 2005

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. With an installed capacity of 130.8 GW (123.9 GW in Europe), it contributes to the supply of energy and services to more than 40 million customers throughout the world (with approximately 36.7 million customers in Europe, more than 28 million of whom are in France). The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. In 2005, the Group recorded consolidated sales of euros 51,051 million, net income (Group share) of euros 3,242 million, and it achieved earnings before interests, taxes, depreciation and amortization of euros 13,010 million. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document for the year 2005. It contains information about: the Group activities, risk factors, Business Overview, Organizational Structure, Property, Plants and Equipment, Operating and Financial Review, Capital Resources, Research and Development, Patents and Licences, Trend Information, Financial Prospects, Administrative, Management, and Supervisory Bodies and Senior Management, Remuneration and Benefits, Board Practices, Employees/Human Resources, Major Shareholders, Related Party Transactions, Financial Information Concerning the Company's Assets and Liabilities, Financial Position and Profits and Losses, Material Contracts, Information on Holdings etc

  19. Operation problems as viewed by EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cheimanoff, Andre; Gaborit, Jean; Thom, Roger

    1983-01-01

    The installation of a plant such as Eurodif, whose power will reach, when fully operational, a maximum of 3,200 MW, and of a nuclear power plant of 4x900 MW, such as the one located in the Tricastin area, has considerable effects on the structure and operation of the EDF's network, both at the national and regional levels. The paper presents the situation regarding the Tricastin-Eurodif complex in the context of the EDF's network, the main operation problems that are encountered and the organization that had to be created to tackle these problems. Finally, it affords the opportunity to give an appreciation of the situation about the operation of the complex in 1982 [fr

  20. 75 FR 57911 - Application to Export Electric Energy; EDF Trading North America, LLC

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-09-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. EA-373] Application to Export Electric Energy; EDF Trading...)). On August 30, 2010, DOE received an application from EDF for authority to transmit electric energy... service area. The electric energy that EDF proposes to export to Mexico would be surplus energy purchased...

  1. 75 FR 26202 - Application To Export Electric Energy; EDF Trading North America, LLC

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-05-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. EA-367] Application To Export Electric Energy; EDF Trading...)). On April 27, 2010, DOE received an application from EDF for authority to transmit electric energy... franchised service area. The electric energy that EDF proposes to export to Canada would be surplus energy...

  2. Report from the commission about the industrial and financial project of EdF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    This report takes stock of the work carried out by the commission appointed by the French ministry of economy, finances and industry about the industrial and financial project of Electricite de France (EdF) in the framework of the liberalization of European energy markets. The report presents the conclusions of the commission about EdF's position in the new competition context, about the financial position of the group and about the foreseeable strategic options and their consequences in terms of equity fund needs. 5 appendixes present: the evolution of electricity prices, EdF and the energy policy, the electricity market and the competition in Europe, the EdF group: presentation and main adaptation stakes, the financial situation of EdF group. (J.S.)

  3. GEDEON: A joint venture between research (CEA and CNRS) and industry (EDF and FRAMATOME)

    CERN Document Server

    Schapira, J P

    1999-01-01

    Nuclear waste partitioning and transmutation (P and T) are considered in France as an official line of research, in accordance with the Law of December 30, 1991 concerning research in the field of long lived and highly active nuclear waste. A research group called GEDEON (GEstion des DEchets par des Options Nouvelles) has been set up between CEA, CNRS, EDF and FRAMATOME with the aim to carry out basic research related to the use of accelerator driven subcritical systems (ADS) and of thorium as an option to reduce the waste long term impacts. In the partners agreement of GEDEON, the following subjects have been identified: spallation physics, nuclear data, subcritical neutronic studies, materials, thorium, system and scenario studies. The organization as well as the scientific program and activities of GEDEON are presented.

  4. EDF Energies Nouvelles. Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2008 Prepared in accordance with IFRSs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    EDF Energies Nouvelles is a world leader in renewable energy electricity. The company develops, builds and operates clean energy power plants both for its own account and for third parties. Historically, EDF Energies Nouvelles primarily developed its business in two geographical areas, Europe and North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico). EDF Energies Nouvelles is a subsidiary of EDF, helping the Group to achieve its renewable energy goals. The EDF Group generates low-carbon electricity around the world and actively participates in the energy transition. EDF Energies Nouvelles prioritizes development of wind and photovoltaic solar capacity. As an integrated operator with global reach, EDF Energies Nouvelles covers the entire renewable energy chain, from development to operation and maintenance, and manages all project phases in-house. This document is EDF Energies Nouvelles's registration document for the year 2008. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, employees, shareholders, etc. The document includes the group's consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2008

  5. EDF Energies Nouvelles. Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2007 Prepared in accordance with IFRSs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    EDF Energies Nouvelles is a world leader in renewable energy electricity. The company develops, builds and operates clean energy power plants both for its own account and for third parties. Historically, EDF Energies Nouvelles primarily developed its business in two geographical areas, Europe and North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico). EDF Energies Nouvelles is a subsidiary of EDF, helping the Group to achieve its renewable energy goals. The EDF Group generates low-carbon electricity around the world and actively participates in the energy transition. EDF Energies Nouvelles prioritizes development of wind and photovoltaic solar capacity. As an integrated operator with global reach, EDF Energies Nouvelles covers the entire renewable energy chain, from development to operation and maintenance, and manages all project phases in-house. This document is EDF Energies Nouvelles's registration document for the year 2007. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, employees, shareholders, etc. The document includes the group's consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2007

  6. EDF Energies Nouvelles. Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2006 Prepared in accordance with IFRSs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2007-01-01

    EDF Energies Nouvelles is a world leader in renewable energy electricity. The company develops, builds and operates clean energy power plants both for its own account and for third parties. Historically, EDF Energies Nouvelles primarily developed its business in two geographical areas, Europe and North America (U.S., Canada and Mexico). EDF Energies Nouvelles is a subsidiary of EDF, helping the Group to achieve its renewable energy goals. The EDF Group generates low-carbon electricity around the world and actively participates in the energy transition. EDF Energies Nouvelles prioritizes development of wind and photovoltaic solar capacity. As an integrated operator with global reach, EDF Energies Nouvelles covers the entire renewable energy chain, from development to operation and maintenance, and manages all project phases in-house. This document is EDF Energies Nouvelles's registration document for the year 2006. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, investments, property, plant and equipment, management, financial position, employees, shareholders, etc. The document includes the group's Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2006

  7. The contractual agreement State-EDF signature the 8. april 1997; Signature du contrat d`entreprise Etat-EDF le 8 avril 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-12-31

    The corporation agreement between the State and Electricite De France (EDF) was signed for the period of 1997-2000. With the agreement of the State, this new contract brings to EDF the ways to progress: becoming the reference public utilities in Europe and asserting its authority as an industrial corporation, leader of the electrical service in France and in international markets. The agreement precise the main orientations of the development plan and the economical policy. (A.L.B.)

  8. The contractual agreement State-EDF signature the 8. april 1997; Signature du contrat d`entreprise Etat-EDF le 8 avril 1997

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1998-12-31

    The corporation agreement between the State and Electricite De France (EDF) was signed for the period of 1997-2000. With the agreement of the State, this new contract brings to EDF the ways to progress: becoming the reference public utilities in Europe and asserting its authority as an industrial corporation, leader of the electrical service in France and in international markets. The agreement precise the main orientations of the development plan and the economical policy. (A.L.B.)

  9. EDF/EPRI collaborative program on operator reliability experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Villemeur, A.; Meslin, T.; Mosneron, F.; Worledge, D.H.; Joksimovich, V.; Spurgin, A.J.

    1988-01-01

    Electricite de France (EDF) and Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) have been involved in human reliability studies over the last few years, in the context of improvements in human reliability assessment (HRA) methodologies, and have been following a systematic process since 1982 which consists of addressing the following five ingredients: - First, classify human interactions into a limited number of classes. - Second, introduce an acceptable framework to organize the application of HRA to PRA studies. - Third, select approach(es) to quantification. - Fourth, test promising models. - Fifth, establish an appropriate data base for tested model(s) with regard to specific applications. EPRI has just recently completed Phase I of the fourth topic. This primarily focused on testing the fundamental hypotheses behing the human cognitive reliability (HCR) correlation, using power plant simulators. EDF has been carrying out simulator studies since 1980, both for man-machine interface validation and HRA data collection. This background of experience provided a stepping stone for the EPRI project. On the other hand, before 1986, EDF had mainly been concentrating on getting qualitative insights from the tests and lacked experience in quantitative analysis and modeling, while EPRI had made advances in this latter area. Before the EPRI Operator Reliability Experiments (ORE) project was initiated, it was abundantly clear to EPRI and EDF that cooperation between the two could be useful and that both parties could gain from the cooperation

  10. Mechanism of MenE inhibition by acyl-adenylate analogues and discovery of novel antibacterial agents.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Matarlo, Joe S; Evans, Christopher E; Sharma, Indrajeet; Lavaud, Lubens J; Ngo, Stephen C; Shek, Roger; Rajashankar, Kanagalaghatta R; French, Jarrod B; Tan, Derek S; Tonge, Peter J

    2015-10-27

    MenE is an o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA (OSB-CoA) synthetase in the bacterial menaquinone biosynthesis pathway and is a promising target for the development of novel antibacterial agents. The enzyme catalyzes CoA ligation via an acyl-adenylate intermediate, and we have previously reported tight-binding inhibitors of MenE based on stable acyl-sulfonyladenosine analogues of this intermediate, including OSB-AMS (1), which has an IC50 value of ≤25 nM for Escherichia coli MenE. Herein, we show that OSB-AMS reduces menaquinone levels in Staphylococcus aureus, consistent with its proposed mechanism of action, despite the observation that the antibacterial activity of OSB-AMS is ∼1000-fold lower than the IC50 for enzyme inhibition. To inform the synthesis of MenE inhibitors with improved antibacterial activity, we have undertaken a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study stimulated by the knowledge that OSB-AMS can adopt two isomeric forms in which the OSB side chain exists either as an open-chain keto acid or a cyclic lactol. These studies revealed that negatively charged analogues of the keto acid form bind, while neutral analogues do not, consistent with the hypothesis that the negatively charged keto acid form of OSB-AMS is the active isomer. X-ray crystallography and site-directed mutagenesis confirm the importance of a conserved arginine for binding the OSB carboxylate. Although most lactol isomers tested were inactive, a novel difluoroindanediol inhibitor (11) with improved antibacterial activity was discovered, providing a pathway toward the development of optimized MenE inhibitors in the future.

  11. EDF - Electricite de France, 2010 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2010. It is made of several reports: The Annual Results press release, the 2010 Annual Results presentation and its appendices, the 2010 Financial Report, the transcript of the analysts conference, the 3rd quarter 2010 sales press release, the 3rd quarter 2010 Sales presentation, the 3rd quarter 2010 Sales transcript, The first quarter 2010 Sales press release, the first quarter 2010 Sales presentation, the 2010 Half-year results press release, the 2010 Half-year results presentation and its appendices, the Consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2010, the Management Report for the first half 2010, the 2010 Half-year Statutory Auditors' report, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference

  12. EDF - Electricite de France, 2016 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2017-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2016. It is made of several reports: the Annual Results press release, the 2016 Group Annual Results presentation and its appendices, the 2016 Management report and Group results, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 31 December 2016, the Statutory Auditors' report, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, the 3rd quarter 2016 presentation with its appendices and the transcript of the conference, the first quarter 2016 presentation with its appendices and the transcript of the conference, the 2016 Half-year results presentation with its appendices, the Financial Report for the first half 2016, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 30 June 2016, the 2016 Half-year Statutory Auditors' report, the transcript of the presentation to investors and analysts

  13. EDF group. Annual report 2001

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2002-05-01

    This document is the English version of the 2001 annual report of Electricite de France (EdF) Group, the French electric utility. It comprises 4 parts: introduction (statement of the chairman and chief executive officer, corporate governance, group key figures, sustainable growth indicators - parent company, energy for a sustainable future, EdF group worldwide); dynamics and balanced growth (financial results, EdF's strategy in building a competitive global group: consolidating the European network, moving forward in energy-related services, responding to increasing energy demand in emerging countries); sustainable solutions for all (empowering the customer: competitive solutions for industrial customers, anticipating the needs of residential customers and SMEs, environmental solutions to enhance urban life, upgrading the network and providing access to energy; a sound, sustainable and secure energy mix: a highly competitive nuclear fleet, the vital resource of fossil-fuelled plants, a proactive approach to renewable energies); a global commitment to corporate social responsibility (human resources and partnerships). (J.S.)

  14. EDF Group - Annual Report 2008. Leading the energy change

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the energy industry, present in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading, along with network management and the natural gas chain. The Group has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. It is the leader in the French and British electricity markets and has solid positions in Germany and Italy. The Group has a portfolio of 38.1 million customers in Europe and the world's premier nuclear generation fleet. Given its R and D capability, its track record and expertise in nuclear generation and renewable energy, together with its energy eco-efficiency offers, EDF offers competitive solutions that reconcile sustainable economic development and climate preservation. EDF's goal is to deliver solutions that allow every customer to help create a world of competitive, low-carbon energies. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2008. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the Sustainable Development Report and the Sustainable Development Indicators

  15. Group EDF at a glance 2005

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-05-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the European energy industry, present in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading, and increasingly active in the gas chain in Europe. 2005 was a crucial year for EDF: growth in sales and a doubling of net income, the opening of the capital, the stepping up of our strategic development plan focused on Europe, a new public service agreement in France. This document presents the main points of the group activities in 2005: the group profile, the growing of the group, the solid position in France (sales and marketing, production and global warming, the radioactive wastes management and the business), consolidating positions in Europe and the international activities by pursuing a selective strategy. (A.L.B.)

  16. EDF analysis of hydrogen problem on present NPPs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guieu, S.

    1997-01-01

    By letter dated March 1995, Electricite de France (EDF) has sent to the French Safety Authority (called DSIN, depending jointly from Industry and Environment Ministries) its position, for Present NPPs, regarding three main topics concerning severe accidents pointed by DSIN: hydrogen problem; high pressure core melt risk; and instrumentation. Concerning 'hydrogen problem', EDF answer is not only a state-of-the art analysis but intend to answer the question of the need (or not) for implementation of countermeasures in Present French NPPs. This position is presently under review by DSIN and its Technical Supports. (author)

  17. EDF source term reduction project main outcomes and further developments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ranchoux, Gilles; Bonnefon, Julien; Benfarah, Moez; Wintergerst Matthieu; Gressier, Frederic; Leclercq, Stephanie

    2012-09-01

    The dose reduction is a strategic purpose for EDF in link with the stakes of, nuclear acceptability, respect of regulation and productivity gains. This consists not only in improving the reactor shutdown organization (time spent in control area, biological shielding,...) but also in improving the radiological state of the unit and the efficiency of the source term reduction operations. Since 2003, EDF has been running an innovative project called 'Source Term Reduction' federating the different EDF research and engineering centers in order to: - participate to the long term view about Radiological Protection issues (international feedback analyses), - develop contamination prediction tools (OSCAR software) suitable for the industrial needs (operating units and EPR design), - develop scientific models useful for the understanding of contamination mechanisms to support the strategic decision processes, - carry on with updating and analyzing of contamination measurements feedback in corrosion products (EMECC and CZT campaigns), - carry on with the operational support at short or middle term by optimizing startup and shutdown processes, pre-oxidation or and by improving purification efficiency or material characteristics. This paper will show in a first part the main 2011 results in occupational exposure (collective and individual dose, RCS index...). In a second part, an overview of the main EDF outcomes of the last 3 years in the field of source term reduction will be presented. Future developments extended to contamination issues in EDF NPPs will be also pointed out in this paper. (authors)

  18. Nuclear non-proliferation and security culture within EDF nuclear fleet

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Debes, M.

    2013-01-01

    This document describes the nuclear non-proliferation strategy and the safety culture of EDF. The author lists all the mandatory rules and regulations at international and national levels EDF has to comply with. All these requirements are applied in EDF nuclear facilities through adequate procedures that assure a nuclear material accountancy, a follow-up of any item containing nuclear material in the facility, and internal controls. External independent controls are also performed. The EDF security policy goal is to protect human, material and knowledge assets, and to preserve operational capacity, competitiveness and public confidence, within national regulatory framework and regulation on 'vital importance facilities'. The treatment of events or incident (detection, analysis, lessons drawn, experience feedback) is a tool to progress, along with reporting, internal control process and audits. The security requirements cover the different related domains important to EDF industrial assets: security of employees against assaults; security of data according to their sensibility level; security of the information system and telecom; awareness and training of employees; relations with external suppliers or contractors; business premises; security of staff and projects abroad. For industrial facilities and grids (facilities of 'vital importance'...), the defense in depth principles are applied against the different threat scenarios. Security measures are studied at the design stage in a consistent way with nuclear safety measures, while taking into account the protective means deployed by public authorities. These risk analysis are periodically reassessed. The paper is followed by the slides of the presentation. (A.C.)

  19. EDF's experience with supercomputing and challenges ahead - towards multi-physics and multi-scale approaches

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delbecq, J.M.; Banner, D.

    2003-01-01

    Nuclear power plants are a major asset of the EDF company. To remain so, in particular in a context of deregulation, competitiveness, safety and public acceptance are three conditions. These stakes apply both to existing plants and to future reactors. The purpose of the presentation is to explain how supercomputing can help EDF to satisfy these requirements. Three examples are described in detail: ensuring optimal use of nuclear fuel under wholly safe conditions, understanding and simulating the material deterioration mechanisms and moving forward with numerical simulation for the performance of EDF's activities. In conclusion, a broader vision of EDF long term R and D in the field of numerical simulation is given and especially of five challenges taken up by EDF together with its industrial and scientific partners. (author)

  20. Structural mechanics studies at E.D.F

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baylac, G.

    1983-01-01

    Structural mechanics studies at EDF have three goals: a better knowledge of the materials properties, an an improvement of the design, and a better in service surveillance of the components. This study has lead EDF to perform a large investment to make possible the fatigue survey of the primary circuit. This investment is of 10 men-years for the mechanical studies. A cumulative bookkeeping of the transients is now in action at Fessenheim I and II, Bugey II to V, Tricastin I, Gravelines I, Dampierre I. A catalog of the transients easy to use will be provided to each unit in the near future. The design of the new four loop plants will take advantage of a new catalog of the design transients, this catalog being used for the purpose of the design and the bookkeeping of the transients. Experimental and theoretical investigations concerning the vibrations of PWR internals and primary circuit have been carried out at Fessenheim I, Bugey V and Tricastin I . As a result of these studies and complementary studies on Safran mock-up, EDF has been able to define with FRAMATOME and CEA a monitoring system to meet the requirements of the safety authorities. The monitoring system is divided in to three parts: loose - parts detection system accelerometers; monitoring of reactor internals by neutron noise measurements; monitoring of heavy components vibrations by accelerometers. This system is now installed in all PWR units. Some developments are in progress at EDF mainly at the Directorate of Research and Development to improve the procedures of the control and to define the criteria for an early diagnostic of the anomalies. The major reports are Surveillance du comportement vibratoire des composants de circuit primaire; Vibration studies on a three loop PWR internals model; and Nuclear Reactor Surveillance - Neutron noise measurements and vibrations analysis on French PWR Internal structures

  1. New package systems for EDF recycling policy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leboucher, I.; Michels, L.; Hugon, F.C.; Penoty, C.; Froment, A.

    2004-01-01

    Since the beginning of the nineties, EDF (Electricite France) has been carrying out a policy towards increasing burn-up. As a consequence and to keep energetic performances of the MOX (Mixed OXide uranium and plutonium) fresh fuel assemblies at parity with UO2 fuel, the concentration in plutonium increased up to 7.1%, soon up to 8.65% and even more. To take into account the increased dose rate and the increased thermal power of these MOX fresh fuels in the transportation system, COGEMA LOGISTICS designed, manufactured and licensed the MX8 package to replace the previous packaging. Simultaneously new high-secured transport system was developed. Due to the capacity of the reactor pool, the spent fuel assemblies must be evacuated with a short cooling time and high residual power. Because of the neutron source of these future MOX spent fuel assemblies, the TN 12/2 packaging, which has been in operation since 1980's to transport UO2 or MOX spent fuel to COGEMA La Hague, from EDF, other European and Japanese NPP lacks flexibility. COGEMA LOGISTICS is designing a new cask (TN trademark 112) to transport the future EDF MOX spent fuel assemblies. The TN trademark 112 has to comply with the 1996 edition of the IAEA transport regulations and with the transport and handling equipment presently used for the transport of spent fuel in France. It can be loaded with 12 assemblies, either MOX or UO2. This paper gives a description of two packages belonging to the new generation: - one for fresh MOX fuel assemblies transportation, used on EDF's power plants for MOX reloads, - one for spent MOX fuel assemblies transportation, presently under development with a first transport planned for mid-2007

  2. New package systems for EDF recycling policy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leboucher, I.; Michels, L.; Hugon, F.C. [COGEMA Logistics (AREVA Group) (France); Penoty, C. [EDF - Electricite de France (France); Froment, A. [COGEMA (AREVA Group) (France)

    2004-07-01

    Since the beginning of the nineties, EDF (Electricite France) has been carrying out a policy towards increasing burn-up. As a consequence and to keep energetic performances of the MOX (Mixed OXide uranium and plutonium) fresh fuel assemblies at parity with UO2 fuel, the concentration in plutonium increased up to 7.1%, soon up to 8.65% and even more. To take into account the increased dose rate and the increased thermal power of these MOX fresh fuels in the transportation system, COGEMA LOGISTICS designed, manufactured and licensed the MX8 package to replace the previous packaging. Simultaneously new high-secured transport system was developed. Due to the capacity of the reactor pool, the spent fuel assemblies must be evacuated with a short cooling time and high residual power. Because of the neutron source of these future MOX spent fuel assemblies, the TNa12/2 packaging, which has been in operation since 1980's to transport UO2 or MOX spent fuel to COGEMA La Hague, from EDF, other European and Japanese NPP lacks flexibility. COGEMA LOGISTICS is designing a new cask (TN trademark 112) to transport the future EDF MOX spent fuel assemblies. The TN trademark 112 has to comply with the 1996 edition of the IAEA transport regulations and with the transport and handling equipment presently used for the transport of spent fuel in France. It can be loaded with 12 assemblies, either MOX or UO2. This paper gives a description of two packages belonging to the new generation: - one for fresh MOX fuel assemblies transportation, used on EDF's power plants for MOX reloads, - one for spent MOX fuel assemblies transportation, presently under development with a first transport planned for mid-2007.

  3. EDF advanced fuel management strategies for the next century

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kocher, A.; Charmensat, P.; Larderet, M.

    1999-01-01

    The French nuclear fleet represents 57 PWRs in operation, accounting for 80 % of France's total electricity production. The performance achieved by EDF reactors, in terms of availability (82.6% in 1997) and good cost control, have allowed to improve the nuclear KWh cost by 2% since 1992. The implementation of longer fuel cycles on the 1300 MW reactors from 1996 has contributed to this improvement and, as competitiveness is one of the main challenges for EDF, improving core management strategies is still at the order of the day. With this aim, a thinking process has been initiated to evaluate the benefit brought by the use of a fuel assembly like ALLIANCE, the new fuel product developed by Framatome-Fragema and FCF (Framatome Cogema Fuels) in close cooperation with EDF. The considered product provides enhanced performance, particularly as regards discharge burnup (at least up to 70 GWd/t) and thermal-hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. Fuel management improvements rely on the expertise gained by Framatome through designing core management strategies in a wide range of operating conditions prevailing in nuclear reactors all over the world. It will however be taken into account the necessity for EDF to adopt a policy of stepwise change owing to the potential impact of a 'series effect' on its numerous units. The proposed paper will describe innovative fuel managements, achievable thanks to advanced fuel assembly performance, that are jointly investigated by EDF and Framatome. It includes the following optimization schemes: extending cycle length by using higher enrichments up to 5%, while keeping the same reload size (1/3 core for example for the 1300 MW reactors); decreasing reload size (from 1/3 to 1/4 core), while keeping the same cycle length, using more enriched (up to 5 %) fuel assemblies; reaching annual cycle, with maximization of fuel cycle cost optimization (1/5 core). Beyond such schemes, combinations of optimized loading patterns and neutronic features of

  4. EDF'S nuclear strategy: new markets and skilled players

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Machenaud, H.

    2000-01-01

    French nuclear power has a bright future ahead, as a major contributor to the limitation of CO 2 emissions in the European Union, and as a cheap way of balancing the electricity supply. Of course, this future could be called into question if public no longer trusted us. This means we need to be stringent on the issues of safety, radiological protection of workers and maintenance. EDF will follow the debate raised by the French government on nuclear energy, through an attitude of openness and constant exchange of view ports, in order to give an objectively elaborated and clear answers to the questions raised by our industrial activities, and their future. EDF wants to answer these questions not only in technical, economic and scientific terms, but also by taking into account people's specific concerns, their expectations and their opinions. Citizens and customers should see a consistency in high standards between our ecological, technological, and commercial activities. It is only on this condition that EDF, and nuclear energy can keep the confidence they have earned in France. (author)

  5. Phasing out nuclear: shock statements by the EDF's CEO

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Benezet, E.; Mouchon, F.; Lomazzi, M.; Jeanne, M.

    2011-01-01

    While costs associated with phasing out nuclear or cancelling of nuclear programs are briefly evoked for different European countries (Belgium, Germany, Italy), the EDF Chairman, Mr Proglio, comments the decisions of these countries, outlines the various risks associated with such a decision in France (job losses, greenhouse gas emissions), also outlines EDF involvement in nuclear safety and evokes the issues of Fessenheim and of the EPR. Some French political aspects on that matter are also evoked

  6. The EDF group and the sustainable development; Le groupe EDF et le developpement durable

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2001-07-01

    This document deals with the management policy of the EDF Group, concerning the sustainable development. The program is presented showing the Group will to contribute to an environmental quality: a control of the activities impact on the environment, the development of the renewable energies, the solidarity and the electric power access development in developing countries. (A.L.B.)

  7. EDF crippled by nuclear. Study of EDF's nuclear activity perspectives in France - November 2016

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rodriguez, Juan Camilo

    2016-11-01

    After a discussion of the general context in terms of evolution of the energy market (over-capacity related to the development of renewable energies, limited export perspectives, low prices), of difficult position for the nuclear sector in Europe (an inadequate business model, shutting down of always more plants), of perspectives for EDF (a difficult passage from a monopoly to a competitive market, and a constraining legal framework), this study reports an assessment of EDF's assets. In the next part, it addresses issues related to dismantling and to waste management for French nuclear reactors. It describes the context, outlines that dismantling charges have been under-provisioned, and that assessments made for waste management are not completely reliable, and also discusses consequences in terms of accounting. The cost of future investments is then discussed, with also their consequences in terms of accounting. Financial consequences are finally discussed

  8. EDF - Electricite de France, 2017 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2018-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2017. It is made of several reports: The annual Results press release, The annual Results presentation and its appendices, The financial report, The Consolidated Financial Statements at 31 December 2017, The Statutory Auditors' report, The transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, The 3rd quarter 2017 results press release, the 3rd quarter 2017 results presentation and its appendices, The transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, The first quarter 2017 results press release, The first quarter 2017 results presentation with its appendices, The transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, The 2017 half-year results press release, The 2017 half-year results presentation with its appendices, The 2017 half-year financial report, The Consolidated Financial Statements at 30 June 2017, The 2017 half-year Statutory Auditors' report, The transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference

  9. EDF - Electricite de France, 2012 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2013-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2012. It is made of several reports: the Annual Results press release, the 2012 Annual Results presentation and its appendices, the transcript of the Analysts Conference, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 31 December 2012, the Statutory Auditors' report, the Management Report, the 3rd quarter 2012 Sales press release, the 3rd quarter 2012 Sales presentation with its appendices, updated presentation and transcript, the first quarter 2012 Sales press release, the first quarter 2012 Sales updated presentation and regulatory information with its appendices and transcript, The Half-year results press release, the 2012 Half-year results presentation with its appendices, the Consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2012, the Management Report for the first half 2012, the 2012 Half-year Statutory Auditors' reports, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference

  10. EDF - Electricite de France, 2014 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2014. It is made of several reports: the Annual Results press release, the 2014 Annual Results presentation and its appendices, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, the Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2014, the Statutory Auditors' report, the 2014 Management report and Group results, the 2014 financial annual statements, the 3rd quarter 2014 Sales press release, the 3rd quarter 2014 Sales presentation with its appendices and transcript, the first quarter 2014 Sales press release, the first quarter 2014 Sales presentation with its appendices and transcript, the 2014 Half-year Results press release, the 2014 Half-year Results presentation and its appendices, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 30 June 2014, the 2014 Half-year Statutory Auditors' report, the Financial Report for the first half 2014

  11. EDF - Electricite de France, 2011 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2011. It is made of several reports: The Annual Results press release, the 2011 Annual Results presentation and its appendices, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 31 December 2011, the Statutory Auditors' report, the Management Report, the first quarter 2011 Sales press release, the first quarter 2011 Sales presentation and its appendices and transcript, the 3rd quarter 2011 Sales press release, the 3rd quarter 2011 Sales presentation and its appendices, transcript, and transcription of the questions and answers, the Half-year results press release, the 2011 Half-year results presentation and its appendices, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, the Consolidated financial statements at 30 June 2011, the Management Report for the first half 2011, the 2011 Half-year Statutory Auditors' report

  12. EDF - Electricite de France, 2013 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2013. It is made of several reports: the Annual Results press release, the 2013 Annual Results presentation and its appendices, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 31 December 2013 and the Statutory Auditors' report, the Management Report, the transcript of the Analysts Conference, the 3rd quarter 2013 Sales press release, the 3rd quarter 2013 Sales presentation with its appendices and transcript, the first quarter 2013 Sales press release, the first quarter 2013 Sales presentation with its appendices and transcript, the 2013 Half-year results press release, the 2013 Half-year results presentation and its appendices, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 30 June 2013, the Management Report for the first half 2013, the 2013 Half-year Statutory Auditors' report, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference

  13. MOX use in PWRs. EDF operation experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Provost, Jean-Luc; Debes, Michel

    2011-01-01

    From the origin, EDF back-end fuel cycle strategy has focused on 'closing the fuel cycle', in other words integrating fuel reprocessing, with vitrification of high level waste concentrated within small volumes, and the recycling of valuable materials. The implementation of this policy was marked in 1987 by the first loading of sixteen MOX. By December 2010, 20 reactors have been loaded with 1750 tHM of MOX. EDF current strategy is to match the reprocessing program with MOX manufacturing capacity to limit the quantity of separated plutonium. This is routinely called the 'flow ad-equation' strategy. Currently, the MOX Parity core management achieves balance of MOX and UOX performance with a significant increase of the MOX discharge burn-up. Globally, the behavior under irradiation of MOX fuel assemblies has been satisfactory. So far, from the beginning of MOX use in EDF PWRs, only 6 MOX FAs with rod leakage have been identified, which gives a very satisfactory level of reliability. The industrial maturity of MOX fuel, with increased performances, allows the improvement of nuclear KWh competitiveness and of the plant operation performance, while maintaining in operation the same safety level, without significant impact on environment and radiological protection. (author)

  14. The French Electricity Company (EDF) and the environment. Press file for 1996

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bourdier, Jean-Pierre

    1997-01-01

    In 1996 the actions of EDF in the domain of environment have recorded FF 4 billions (FF 3.5 billion in 1995), representing about 2% of the EDF's turnover. The EDF keeps on its efforts for reducing the impact of its activities upon environment. Several applications of an environment protective electricity generation are promoted by the company. The company brings services and technical solutions to its clients which meet their energy needs and conserving at the same time the life conditions. Furthermore, EDF participates in the activity of numerous national and international organisms, intervening in the environmental questions, in decision making, participating in studies and actions and following continually the direction of a durable economic and social development. The report is structured in three chapters: 1. an industrial responsibility; 2. services and techniques for environment; 3. action towards a durable development

  15. Nuclear energy in France. Respective part of CEA, EDF, FRAMATOME

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Graf, J.J.

    1976-01-01

    In France, the three actors on the nuclear stage are CEA, EDF, and industry. The CEA, important organism of research and development, represents the public power, counsels the Government for safety and constitutes the State interference by the indirect mean of budget which is assigned to it. The industry, FRAMATOME, is commissioned to build plants. EDF has vocation to provide electricity at the lower costs [fr

  16. PRE-EXÁMENES COMO UNA ESTRATEGIA DIDÁCTICA EN LOS CURSOS DE FÍSICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Herbert Morales Ríos

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Se describe la experiencia del uso de pre-exámenes o exámenes de prueba como una estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento en el rendimiento y en el desempeño estudiantil en los cursos propios de la carrera de física. El objetivo principal de la experiencia era determinar, a priori, las deficiencias, tanto matemáticas como físicas, que tiene el estudiantado, corregirlas antes de administrarle el examen definitivo y establecer una evaluación formativa en el curso. En particular, el tema evaluado era el de oscilaciones lineales del curso de Mecánica Teórica. Se detalla en qué consiste dicha estrategia, la motivación de su implementación y los roles tanto docente como estudiantil. Se analizan los resultados de la experiencia para concluir con las bondades, limitaciones y proyecciones futuras del uso de los pre-exámenes, con el fin de mostrarlos como una herramienta más dentro de la labor docente universitaria.

  17. Design and Implementation  of an EDF Scheduer for Fiasco.OC L4

    OpenAIRE

    Arnelöv, Eric

    2016-01-01

    This paper describes the implementation of an EDF scheduler for the FIASCO microkernel. Benchmark test shows that the average case gain an improvement of 16-34%, in regards to schedule calls, running EDF over the existing fixed priority scheduler using Rate Monotonic (RM). A possible approach to mimic EDF scheduling with fixed priority is described using dynamic counters and worst case ready queue. The advantages and disadvantages are compared to the Fixed Priority with the Priority Promotion...

  18. EDF - Electricite de France, 2015 annual Results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy supplier operating in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: generation, transmission, distribution, sale and trading of energy. It is the main operator in the French electricity market and one of the leading electricity groups in Europe. The EDF Group has built a business model balanced between deregulated and regulated operations in France and an international presence. This document is EDF Group's annual Results for 2015. It is made of several reports: the 2015 Annual Results presentation, the 2015 Management report and Group results, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 31 December 2015, the Statutory Auditors' report, the appendices of the Annual Results presentation, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, the 3rd quarter 2015 Sales press release, the 3rd quarter 2015 Sales presentation and its appendices, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference call, the first quarter 2015 Sales press release, the first quarter 2015 Sales presentation and its appendices, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference call, the 2015 Half-year results press release, the 2015 Half-year results presentation with its appendices, the transcript of the Investors and Analysts conference, the Financial Report for the first half 2015, the Consolidated Financial Statements at 30 June 2015, the 2015 Half-year Statutory Auditors' report

  19. Performance Evaluation of New Joint EDF-RM Scheduling Algorithm for Real Time Distributed System

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rashmi Sharma

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available In Real Time System, the achievement of deadline is the main target of every scheduling algorithm. Earliest Deadline First (EDF, Rate Monotonic (RM, and least Laxity First are some renowned algorithms that work well in their own context. As we know, there is a very common problem Domino's effect in EDF that is generated due to overloading condition (EDF is not working well in overloading situation. Similarly, performance of RM is degraded in underloading condition. We can say that both algorithms are complements of each other. Deadline missing in both events happens because of their utilization bounding strategy. Therefore, in this paper we are proposing a new scheduling algorithm that carries through the drawback of both existing algorithms. Joint EDF-RM scheduling algorithm is implemented in global scheduler that permits task migration mechanism in between processors in the system. In order to check the improved behavior of proposed algorithm we perform simulation. Results are achieved and evaluated in terms of Success Ratio (SR, Average CPU Utilization (ECU, Failure Ratio (FR, and Maximum Tardiness parameters. In the end, the results are compared with the existing (EDF, RM, and D_R_EDF algorithms. It has been shown that the proposed algorithm performs better during overloading condition as well in underloading condition.

  20. The contractual agreement State-EDF signature the 8. april 1997

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1998-01-01

    The corporation agreement between the State and Electricite De France (EDF) was signed for the period of 1997-2000. With the agreement of the State, this new contract brings to EDF the ways to progress: becoming the reference public utilities in Europe and asserting its authority as an industrial corporation, leader of the electrical service in France and in international markets. The agreement precise the main orientations of the development plan and the economical policy. (A.L.B.)

  1. The safety approach in the operation of EDF power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bertron, L.; Mira, J.J.

    1988-01-01

    To get a view on what is involved in maintaining a high level of safety in the operation of EdF nuclear power plants, it may be recalled that in 1987, 76 % of the EdF production was nuclear. The nuclear plants include thirty-four standard PWR 900 plants, fourteen PWR 1300 plants, the 305 MW SENA PWR, the four 500 MW GCR: CHINON A3 plant, St-LAURENT A1 (390 MW), A2 (450 MW) and BUGEY 1 (540 MW), the 233 MW PHENIX fast breeder reactor and the CREYS-MALVILLE 1200 MW fast breeder reactor, now being prepared for a new startup after the 1987 incident. So the importance of a safe operation of this investment is considerable for EdF, which is the designer, owner, industrial architect and operator. According to the French regulations, EdF is responsible for the safe operation of its power plants. A considerable human component is also at stake, as the safe operation of plants implies all the personnel to varying degrees. There are 15,000 such employees, all of whom have to be trained, competent and motivated. The operation of this system for 340 reactor-years has to-date resulted in no incident of any significant impact on the environment. Right from the start, safety in operation has always been an essential and clearly stated priority. Among other lessons the Three-Mile Island and Chernobyl accidents have reinforced the conviction that the human factors, the man-machine interface, and the safety culture were determining elements. With forty-eigh PWR plants in service, the problem is to maintain safe operation of a system now running at cruising speed, but also including some units (particularly the GCRs) that must be prepared for decommissioning. In addition EDF has to demonstrate the safe operations of CREYS MALVILLE, fast breeder reactor

  2. EDF - Quarterly Financial Information

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trivi, Carole; Boissezon, Carine de; Hidra, Kader

    2014-01-01

    EDF's sales in the first quarter of 2014 were euro 21.2 billion, down 3.9% from the first quarter of 2013. At constant scope and exchange rates, sales were down 4.2% due to mild weather conditions, which impacted sales of electricity in France, gas sales abroad and trading activities in Europe. UK sales were nonetheless sustained by B2B sales due to higher realised wholesale market prices. In Italy, sales growth was driven by an increase in electricity volumes sold. The first quarter of 2014 also saw the strengthening of the Group's financial structure with the second phase of its multi-annual hybrid funding programme (nearly euro 4 billion equivalent) as well as the issue of two 100-year bonds in dollars and sterling aimed at significantly lengthening average debt maturity. 2014 outlook and 2014-2018 vision: - EDF Group has confirmed its financial objectives for 2014; - Group EBITDA excluding Edison: organic growth of at least 3%; - Edison EBITDA: recurring EBITDA target of euro 1 billion and at least euro 600 million in 2014 before effects of gas contract re-negotiations; - Net financial debt / EBITDA: between 2x and 2.5x; - Pay-out ratio of net income excluding non-recurring items post-hybrid: 55% to 65%. The Group has reaffirmed its goal of achieving positive cash flow after dividends, excluding Linky, in 2018

  3. Seasonality and potential of Ceranisus menes for control of thrips on ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Seasonality and potential of Ceranisus menes for control of thrips on French beans. LM Gitonga. Abstract. No Abstract. Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology Vol. 10 (1) 2008: pp. 56-69. Full Text: EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT.

  4. Cztery kategorie menedżerów projektów

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ritter, Thomas; Lund Pedersen, Carsten

    2018-01-01

    Niewiele kwestii w większym stopniu przyciąga uwagę kadr zarządzających niż optymalny sposób rozwoju ich organizacji. Niemniej niewielu menedżerów najwyższego szczebla systematycznie pracuje z osobami, które są im niezbędne do zrealizowania rozmaitych szans rozwojowych....

  5. Environmental monitoring around nuclear power plants of EDF in France

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chretien, V.; Hemidy, P.Y.

    2010-01-01

    As part of the regulatory environmental monitoring around its nuclear power plants, EDF carries out every year more than 40.000 measurements. In addition EDF performs more precise radioecological surveys on all its sites. This monitoring shows the minor incidence of EDF's nuclear power plants on the environment and a general decrease of gamma emitters radionuclides in the environment. These results confirm the efforts lead by EDF to minimise its impacts on the environment, linked to an efficient waste management and demonstrate the good operating standards of its plants. On a qualitative viewpoint, significant efforts on both metrology and organization have lead to improved measurements capabilities, in order to achieve NF EN ISO/CEI 17025 standard compliance. More recently, a similar approach has been implemented with sampling methods. While today the level achieved in the number and quality of measurement complies with the objectives of the monitoring of the impact of the nuclear power plants on the environment, the results of this monitoring should be presented to the public with more pedagogy to give an adequate answer to their expectations. The new questions that will undoubtedly be raised by the recent availability of this information on the Internet should reinforce this dialogue and should also be the opportunity to improve the quality of our communication. (author)

  6. Ansiedad ante los exámenes en alumnos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria || Anxiety in students from junior high-school

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alba Rodríguez

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar el grado de ansiedad ante los exámenes. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se ha utilizado el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Ansiedad ante los Exámenes (CAEX administrado a 325 estudiantes de ESO. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que el perfil de estudiante que posee mayores niveles de ansiedad ante los exámenes es una mujer de 12 años, que estudia 1º ESO en un colegio privado-concertado y aprueba todas las asignaturas. Se puede concluir en primer lugar que la ansiedad ante los exámenes afecta significativamente a los estudiantes de la muestra, y en segundo lugar, se han encontrado diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variables edad, sexo, tipo de centro, curso y rendimiento académico.

  7. EDF Skills Management for Operations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poizat, Christophe

    2014-01-01

    Training Standards: EDF Nuclear Generation Training Strategy & Fundamentals for Managing Competencies - Adaptation of INPO ACAD02-001: 1 – Management of Competencies; 2 – Training Management for Performance Improvement; 3 – Management of Training Processes & Resources; 4 – Initial Training; 5 – Continuing Training; 6 – Training Implementation & Trainee Evaluation; 7 – Training Effectiveness Evaluation; 8 – Engagement of NPP’s Personnel in Competencies

  8. EDF's experience with supercomputing and challenges ahead - towards multi-physics and multi-scale approaches

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Delbecq, J.M.; Banner, D. [Electricite de France (EDF)- R and D Division, 92 - Clamart (France)

    2003-07-01

    Nuclear power plants are a major asset of the EDF company. To remain so, in particular in a context of deregulation, competitiveness, safety and public acceptance are three conditions. These stakes apply both to existing plants and to future reactors. The purpose of the presentation is to explain how supercomputing can help EDF to satisfy these requirements. Three examples are described in detail: ensuring optimal use of nuclear fuel under wholly safe conditions, understanding and simulating the material deterioration mechanisms and moving forward with numerical simulation for the performance of EDF's activities. In conclusion, a broader vision of EDF long term R and D in the field of numerical simulation is given and especially of five challenges taken up by EDF together with its industrial and scientific partners. (author)

  9. The nuclear cleanliness: a priority for EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1999-01-01

    Since autumn 1998 EDF implemented an action plan to improve the nuclear cleanliness on its sites. The first objective is to eliminate the contamination risk, by a better professional training and installation of new detection gantries. (A.L.B.)

  10. EDF national emergency organization

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Laverge, J.

    1992-01-01

    The scope of French nuclear power led Electricite de France (EDF) to design standard products, manufactured in series but adaptable to different sites. Standardization is based on the decision on a single technology: pressurized water reactors (PWR). Thirty-four 900 MW and seventeen 1300 MW units are in operation on seventeen sites. The specific nature of French organization for normal operation and accident management results from equipment standardization and single licensee. This specificity is based on emergency plan standardization and highly structured national organization. Figs

  11. CLI technical commission. Additional safety assessments within the EDF nuclear stock

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-01-01

    This slides presentation addresses additional safety assessments within the EDF nuclear stock. It describes the context and challenges of these assessments (institutional framework, European coherence, major objectives for EDF). It describes how EDF is organised to perform these assessments: a global project after Fukushima, assessments and tests which are beyond the existing safety referential, the three defence lines and their tests. It addresses the content of assessment reports for each topic (earthquake, flooding, loss of water, loss of electric supply, accident management). It indicates some improvements proposed after the first assessments. It describes the improvements concerning the Gravelines power plant. It recalls the assessment agenda, proposes a brief overview of events, comments the results of the third decennial visit of production unit no. 1 which comprised some proof test on the primary circuit, on the reactor vessel and on the reactor building

  12. EDF PWRs primary coolant purification strategies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gressier, Frederic; Mascarenhas, Darren; Taunier, Stephane; Le-Calvar, Marc; Bretelle, Jean-Luc; Ranchoux, Gilles

    2012-09-01

    In order to achieve a good physico-chemical quality of the primary coolant fluid, the primary water is continuously treated by the Chemical and Volume Control System (CVCS). This system is composed of a treatment chain containing filters and ion-exchange resins. In the EDF design, an upstream filter is placed before the resin so as to prevent it from being saturated with insoluble particles. Then, the fluid passes through several resin beds (up to 3 depending on the configuration) and again through a downstream filter that prevents resin fines dissemination into the reactor coolant. Much work has been conducted in the last 5 years on the homogenisation of products and usage on French EDF NPP primary coolant treatment, while taking into account the compromise between source term reduction, liquid and solid waste, and buying and disposal costs. Two national markets have been created, and two operational documents for chemists on site have been published: a filtration guideline and an ion-exchange resin guideline. Both documents give general information about the products used, how are they characterized and selected for national market (technical requirements, standards and tests), how they should be used and what are the change-out criteria. They are also periodically updated based on feedback from sites. The positive impact on resin and filter lifetime (extension of some, limitation of others), homogenisation of products and usage will be presented. Moreover, EDF is constantly in the process of improving the current purification methods, as well as researching the use of existing and novel technologies. In this field, recent experiments on short loading of resin during reactor shutdown has been tested on site with success. In addition, work is done on silica free filters, filter consumption and filter chemical release. An overview of these optimization methods will be given. (authors)

  13. REFORMA A LOS REGÍMENES DE PENSIONES EN COSTA RICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo Briceño Briceño

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Desde inicios de la década de los ochenta el tema de la reforma a los sistemas de pensión en América Latina ha sido fuente de las más diversas polémicas. La disyuntiva entre los conceptos de solidaridad y subsidariedad que persiguen estos sistemas ha puesto en boga diferentes mecanismos para paliar la crisis en el área de la seguridad social. En el presente artículo se analizan de forma sucinta algunas de las principales características que ha asumido el proceso de reforma de los sistemas de pensión en América Latina, donde el ejemplo más notable ha sido el caso de Chile. Luego se hace referencia al proceso de reforma que se ha aplicado a los diferentes regímenes de pensiones existentes en el país. El énfasis se pone en los regímenes de Invalidez, Vejez y Muerte de la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social y en el del Magisterio Nacional por ser los de mayor participación relativa, tanto en lo que respecta a funcionarios cotizantes como pensionados.

  14. Audit of EDF generation and transmission division suppliers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Leconte, J.P.

    1993-01-01

    This paper presents the process for acceptance by EDF/production and transmission group of suppliers, industrial equipment manufacturers and providers of repair activities or services for the maintenance of nuclear plants. 1 tab

  15. EDF at a glance 2003; Groupe EDF - organisation et chiffres cles 2003

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2004-07-01

    This document presents the organization and key data of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: business, priorities, values, different branches of the group (continental Europe, western Europe, Mediterranean branch, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Americas, Dalkia energy services, development branch), management, board of directors, market opening in France, human resource strategy, R and D, customers (residential, commercial, business and industrial, local authorities), industrial tool (fossil-fired generation, network management, renewable energy sources), reliability, financial flexibility, sustainable development (role of renewables in generation, CO{sub 2} emissions, radiation protection, nuclear waste, environment, handling fuel poverty, landscape conservation), contacts and affiliates outside France. (J.S.)

  16. Corrosion behaviour of zircaloy 4 fuel rod cladding in EDF power plants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Romary, H; Deydier, D [EDF, Direction de l` Equipment SEPTEN, Villeurbanne (France)

    1997-02-01

    Since the beginning of the French nuclear program, a surveillance of fuel has been carried out in order to evaluate the fuel behaviour under irradiation. Until now, nuclear fuels provided by suppliers have met EDF requirements concerning fuel behaviour and reliability. But, the need to minimize the costs and to increase the flexibility of the power plants led EDF to the definition of new targets: optimization of the core management and fuel cycle economy. The fuel behaviour experience shows that some of these new requirements cannot be fully fulfilled by the present standard fuel due to some technological limits. Particularly, burnup enhancement is limited by the oxidation and the hydriding of the Zircaloy 4 fuel rod cladding. Also, fuel suppliers and EDF need to have a better knowledge of the Zy-4 cladding behaviour in order to define the existing margins and the limiting factors. For this reason, in-reactor fuel characterization programs have been set up by fuel suppliers and EDF for a few years. This paper presents the main results and conclusions of EDF experience on Zy-4 in-reactor corrosion behaviour. Data obtained from oxide layer or zirconia thickness measurements show that corrosion performance of Zy-4 fuel rod cladding, as irradiated until now in EDF reactors, is satisfactory but not sufficient to meet the future needs. The fuel suppliers propose in order to improve the corrosion resistance of fuel rod cladding, low tin Zy-4 cladding and then optimized Zy-4 cladding. Irradiation of these claddings are ongoing. The available corrosion data show the better in-reactor corrosion resistance of optimized Zy-4 fuel rod cladding compared to the standard Zy-4 cladding. The scheduled fuel surveillance program will confirm if the optimized Zy-4 fuel rod cladding will meet the requirements for the future high burnup and high flexibility fuel. (author). 10 refs, 19 figs, 4 tabs.

  17. Serial elongation derotation flexion (EDF) casting for patients with infantile and juvenile scoliosis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Canavese, Federico; Rousset, Marie; Mansour, Mounira; Samba, Antoine; Dimeglio, Alain

    2016-02-01

    Infantile and juvenile scoliosis, among different types of spinal deformity, is still a challenge for pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The ideal treatment of infantile and juvenile scoliosis has not yet been identified as both clinicians and surgeons still face multiple challenges, including preservation of the thoracic spine, thoracic cage, lung growth and cardiac function without reducing spinal motion. Elongation, derotation, flexion (EDF) casting technique is a custom-made thoracolumbar cast based on a three dimensional correction concept. This cast offers three-dimensional correction and can control the evolution of the deformity in some cases. Spinal growth can be guided by EDF casting as it can influence the initially curved spine to grow straighter. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive review of how infantile and juvenile scoliosis can affect normal spine and thorax and how these deformities can be treated with serial EDF casting technique. A current literature review is mandatory in order to understand the principles of the serial EDF casting technique and the effectiveness of conservative treatment in young and very young patients.

  18. Energy - EDF takes back the control of the nuclear

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupin, Ludovic

    2014-01-01

    This article comments the statement made by an EDF official before the inquiry commission of the French National Assembly, about the works initiated by EDF and Areva to improve the EPR profitability. This would lead to the design of a safer, more efficient and less costly new reactor which would however require a certification. This project is based on an optimization of the Areva's EPR, and would propose different power levels, notably less powerful reactors for less connected grids (for example in Saudi Arabia), and less powerful reactors would mean less expensive reactors. The article also evokes the issue of the cost of the Finnish EPR, and the different existing and projected EPR reactors

  19. To EDF: PHOEBUS, computer-assisted engineering

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lecocq, P.; Goudal, J.C.; Barache, J.M.; Feingold, D.; Cornon, P.

    1986-01-01

    EDF has built a modular integrated computer-assisted nuclear engineering (CAE) system called POEBUS. Since 1975, the Organization has been interested in CAE which places computer methods and technology at the disposal of the engineering department. This paper describes the changes and their effect on the techniques in use, working methods and the personnel called on to put them into operation [fr

  20. A narrow linewidth tunable single longitudinal mode Ga-EDF fiber laser

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohamed Halip, N. H.; Abu Bakar, M. H.; Latif, A. A.; Muhd-Yasin, S. Z.; Zulkifli, M. I.; Mat-Sharif, K. A.; Omar, N. Y. M.; Mansoor, A.; Abdul-Rashid, H. A.; Mahdi, M. A.

    2018-05-01

    A tunable ring cavity single longitudinal mode (SLM) fiber laser incorporating Gallium-Erbium co-doped fiber (Ga-EDF) gain medium and several mode filtration techniques is demonstrated. With Ga-EDF, high emission power was accorded in short fiber length, allowing shorter overall cavity length and wider free spectral range. Tunable bandpass filter, sub-ring structure, and cascaded dissimilar fiber taper were utilized to filter multi-longitudinal modes. Each of the filter mechanism was tested individually within the laser cavity to assess its performance. Once the performance of each filter was obtained, all of them were deployed into the laser system. Ultimately, the 1561.47 nm SLM laser achieved a narrow linewidth laser, optical signal-to-noise ratio, and power fluctuation of 1.19 kHz, 61.52 dB and 0.16 dB, respectively. This work validates the feasibility of Ga-EDF to attain a stable SLM output in simple laser configuration.

  1. Maintenance of EDF nuclear power plants and servicing companies. Progress report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Baize, Jean-Marc; Reveillon, Sylvie

    1997-01-01

    French Electricity Company (EDF - Electricite de France) and the associated servicing companies, engaged in maintenance partnership from 1991, reinforce and expand their policy by undersigning a progress charter, to cope with the safety and nuclear sector competition issues. This charter stipulates the mutual engagements in the following sectors: 1. Transparency in calling for servicing; 2. Development of the intervenors' professionalism; 3. Improvement in forecasting activity tasks; 4. Radioprotection; 5. Safety and working conditions. The 55 reactors of the EDF nuclear stock are stopped annually for around 6 weeks for refueling. On this occasion the essential maintenance works necessary to ensure the optimal safety of the installations are carried out. The maintenance requires the intervention of 30,000 employees, 10,000 EDF agents and 20,000 external intervenors and represents an amount of 14 million working hours. The full maintenance expenses amounts up to 11 billion FF in 1996, 6 billion of which are assigned to external companies

  2. Low-level wastes pathways at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hilmoine, R.; Casseau, L.Ph.

    1999-01-01

    First, what are, for EDF, the main issues dealing with the future management of low level wastes (LLW) will be recalled; and followed by a description of what are the implications of implementing these management principles: areas zoning, set up of pathways, traceability of the wastes and associated controls. The origin of the wastes will then be described using both qualitative and quantitative approaches; the description will specifically address the spreading of wastes production in time. LLW management at EDF will then be envisaged: storage in a specific discharge, pathways for treatment and elimination of wastes with acceptable radiological impact and costs. The example of LLW oils will be developed: particularly as far as hypothesis and results concerning the radiological impacts are concerned. The choice of incineration will then be justified, however expected difficulties to implement it industrially will be pointed out. Other on going studies and their main results will be mentioned: the present time is a turning point on that issue between thought and action; to be on going dismantling must take into account the emerging principles and give rise to good communication. (author)

  3. EDF - 2015 full-year results: all targets reached, Strong operating performance in adverse market conditions, 2018 ambition reiterated

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    A key player in energy transition, the EDF Group is an integrated electricity company, active in all areas of the business: generation, transmission, distribution, energy supply and trading, energy services. A global leader in low-carbon energies, the Group has developed a diversified generation mix based on nuclear power, hydropower, new renewable energies and thermal energy. The Group is involved in supplying energy and services to approximately 37.6 million customers, of which 27.8 million in France. The Group generated consolidated sales of Euro 75 billion in 2015, of which 47.2% outside of France. EDF is listed on the Paris Stock exchange. EDF achieved all its targets in 2015. The year was marked by strong operational performance, reflecting the significant efforts the teams made. With the end of the regulated Yellow and Green Tariffs, most clients turned to EDF. Nuclear output reached its highest level, since 2011 in France, and since 2005 in the United Kingdom. EDF is also continuing its significant development in renewable energy, with an additional 1 GW of net installed capacity. The transformation of EDF Group is essential in the unfavourable market conditions. EDF has embarked on this transformation, and is accelerating innovation to serve the energy transition

  4. A corporate ALARA engineering support for all EDF nuclear power plan

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quiot, A.; Orjol, A. [Electricite de France (EDF/UTO), 93 - Noisy le Grand (France); Lafferriere, F.; Fraissinet, E. [Electricite de France (EDF-CNPE) du Blayais, 33 - Saint Ciers sur Gironde (France)

    2006-07-01

    Since 1991, EDF has established a national ALARA programme with a very effective result in terms of dose reduction. Of course, EDF management has decided to further improve occupational exposure management and dose reduction (both collective and individuals). Since 2002, one key element allowing reaching the new goals, is the set up of a national corporate engineering as a support for EDF sites for preparing maintenance interventions. Its objective is to reduce occupational exposure with the help of up to date tools and methods. That engineering support consists of a growing up team comprising at the moment about ten engineers, including CAD specialists and health physicists. It is in charge of using very efficient tools such as P.A.N.T.H.E.R. -R.P. to perform national modelling studies concerning the reactor and auxiliary buildings areas, which are the most costly in terms of doses. That tool has been developed initially for the first steam generator replacements by EDF S.E.P.T.E.N. engineering department. It uses friendly user 3D software to create a geometrical model of the concerned area with all existing materials (pipes, valves, concrete walls allowing visualizing on personal computers, each area from all perspectives. Other important inputs for P.A.N.T.H.E.R. R.P. are the quantities of radioisotopes present in each material. The code allows then estimating the dose rates at each location in the area, calculating the contribution of each equipment (i.e sources) in the area to the dose rate in each point; calculating also the contribution of each radio isotope to the dose rates. With the help of these models the engineering is then able to perform in depth generic work areas optimisation studies, taking into account the workload in each workstation. Up to recently these studies were performed only for huge operations such as steam generator replacements, they are now proposed to EDF sites for more usual interventions. The selection of these interventions takes

  5. A corporate ALARA engineering support for all EDF nuclear power plan

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quiot, A.; Orjol, A.; Lafferriere, F.; Fraissinet, E.

    2006-01-01

    Since 1991, EDF has established a national ALARA programme with a very effective result in terms of dose reduction. Of course, EDF management has decided to further improve occupational exposure management and dose reduction (both collective and individuals). Since 2002, one key element allowing reaching the new goals, is the set up of a national corporate engineering as a support for EDF sites for preparing maintenance interventions. Its objective is to reduce occupational exposure with the help of up to date tools and methods. That engineering support consists of a growing up team comprising at the moment about ten engineers, including CAD specialists and health physicists. It is in charge of using very efficient tools such as P.A.N.T.H.E.R. -R.P. to perform national modelling studies concerning the reactor and auxiliary buildings areas, which are the most costly in terms of doses. That tool has been developed initially for the first steam generator replacements by EDF S.E.P.T.E.N. engineering department. It uses friendly user 3D software to create a geometrical model of the concerned area with all existing materials (pipes, valves, concrete walls allowing visualizing on personal computers, each area from all perspectives. Other important inputs for P.A.N.T.H.E.R. R.P. are the quantities of radioisotopes present in each material. The code allows then estimating the dose rates at each location in the area, calculating the contribution of each equipment (i.e sources) in the area to the dose rate in each point; calculating also the contribution of each radio isotope to the dose rates. With the help of these models the engineering is then able to perform in depth generic work areas optimisation studies, taking into account the workload in each workstation. Up to recently these studies were performed only for huge operations such as steam generator replacements, they are now proposed to EDF sites for more usual interventions. The selection of these interventions takes

  6. Radiochemical guidelines and process specifications for reactor shutdown: the EDF strategy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mole, D.; Wintergerst, M.; Meylogan, Th.; Rocher, A.; Sagot, M.J.; Bonelli, V.; Bonnefon, J.; Dupont, B.

    2012-09-01

    Changes to French nuclear regulations made in June 2006 [1.] have made it necessary for EDF to modify its ruling principles. These modifications required the restructuring of radiochemical guidelines to better reflect their impact on nuclear safety, the environment and radioprotection. In accordance with these aims, a new authoritative document has been produced. This ruling document identifies all parameters with a potential impact on nuclear safety, radiological releases to the environment and personnel dose rates. These diagnostic and control parameters have been identified for a reactor in production and for a reactor during shutdown. For parameters related to a reactor in production, some indicators are used to evaluate impacts on availability, radioprotection and the environment during shutdown and on outage and to anticipate mitigation ways. On the other side, several parameters related to the stages of shutdown were also directly evaluated in order to minimize the impacts. This paper describes the EDF methodology used to establish operational documents: radiochemical guidelines and process specifications, and includes the following: - description of monitored parameters and their associated areas of risk; - justification of target values, frequencies of inspection and the required actions for the monitored parameters. The sizing methodology is based on theoretical studies and on EDF operational experience analysis. By implementing in the operational and technical specifications requirements linked to nuclear safety, radioprotection and environment respect, EDF will benefit from an improved compromise between these areas as well as an increased focus. (authors)

  7. Best Speed Fit EDF Scheduling for Performance Asymmetric Multiprocessors

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Peng Wu

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available In order to improve the performance of a real-time system, asymmetric multiprocessors have been proposed. The benefits of improved system performance and reduced power consumption from such architectures cannot be fully exploited unless suitable task scheduling and task allocation approaches are implemented at the operating system level. Unfortunately, most of the previous research on scheduling algorithms for performance asymmetric multiprocessors is focused on task priority assignment. They simply assign the highest priority task to the fastest processor. In this paper, we propose BSF-EDF (best speed fit for earliest deadline first for performance asymmetric multiprocessor scheduling. This approach chooses a suitable processor rather than the fastest one, when allocating tasks. With this proposed BSF-EDF scheduling, we also derive an effective schedulability test.

  8. Optimization of the decontamination in EDF PWR power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gosset, P.; Dupin, M.; Buisine, D.; Buet, J.F.; Brunel, V.

    2002-01-01

    The optimisation of decontamination in EDF PWR power plants is the result of a permanent collaborative work between the plant operators, the subcontractors, central services of nuclear power division of EDF. This collaborative work enables the saving of all the feedback experience. The main operations carried out on nuclear sites like mechanical decontamination of valves, use of the ''EMMAC'' process on big components (replacement of steam generator, hydraulic parts of the reactor coolant pumps), use of foam on pools walls and divers in highly contaminated pools have been discussed. This paper shows that the choice of decontamination processes is very dependant on the components, on the dose rate reduction to be aimed and on the possibility to treat the waste on site. (authors)

  9. Single-longitudinal-mode BEFL incorporating a Bragg grating written in EDF

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gao, Ya; Sun, Junqiang; Chen, Guodong; Xie, Heng

    2015-06-01

    A stable and tunable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Brillouin/Erbium fiber laser (BEFL) with narrow linewidth is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A uniform Bragg grating written in a segment of unpumped Erbium-doped fiber (EDF) is incorporated as an auto-tracking filter to achieve SLM operation. A length of 5 m pumped EDF is used to provide both Brillouin and linear gain in the cavity. The linewidth is measured to be 18 kHz and the lasing peak power fluctuation and wavelength shift are monitored less than 0.027 dB and 2 pm respectively.

  10. Twenty years of providing information on nuclear power. The experience of EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Durr, M.; Ansel, P.; Chaussade, J.P.; Haller, P.; Hezard, L.; Hue, L.

    1995-01-01

    In France, the anti-nuclear protest movement became a real problem after 1968, as new sites were sought. Initially, information on nuclear power involved communication by the entities responsible for building the plants. Once Government officials and politicians overcame their initial hesitation, their support, which underscores the continuity of France's energy policy, came to play a major role in the public acceptance of nuclear power. Electricite de France (EDF) then had to master the art of informing and communicating with the public. The change in the parliamentary majority in 1981 did not call into question the nuclear programme, and new plants were commissioned with relative ease. The situation changed dramatically with the Chernobyl disaster. It therefore became vital to establish an efficient structure for crisis communications, and transparency became crucial. The focus shifted from launching new plants to operating existing facilities and restoring public confidence. While not neglecting the general public, the emphasis was on certain strategic segments of the population, notably teachers and health care professionals. Advertising campaigns are today aimed at certain segments of the public, whose opinion could well shift in favour of nuclear power. Lastly, EDF, as power plant operator, has to realize the importance of providing information on nuclear waste. Starting from a strategic policy of informing politicians and senior decision makers, in 1974 EDF began to focus on providing information that would 'educate' the public. This information was issued via technicians who had no specific training in communications techniques. In addition to the need to explain and justify its projects, EDF had to adopt a policy of transparency, and to dispense with the esoteric language of specialists and their preference for secrecy. After Chernobyl, EDF's managers made communications with the 'outside world' an integral part of their jobs. Nuclear information became a

  11. CFD Recombiner Modelling and Validation on the H2-Par and Kali-H2 Experiments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mimouni, S.; Mechitoua, N.; Ouraou, M.

    2011-01-01

    A large amount of Hydrogen gas is expected to be released within the dry containment of a pressurized water reactor (PWR), shortly after the hypothetical beginning of a severe accident leading to the melting of the core. According to local gas concentrations, the gaseous mixture of hydrogen, air and steam can reach the flammability limit, threatening the containment integrity. In order to prevent mechanical loads resulting from a possible conflagration of the gas mixture, French and German reactor containments are equipped with passive autocatalytic recombiners (PARs) which preventively oxidize hydrogen for concentrations lower than that of the flammability limit. The objective of the paper is to present numerical assessments of the recombiner models implemented in CFD solvers NEPTUNE C FD and Code S aturne. Under the EDF/EPRI agreement, CEA has been committed to perform 42 tests of PARs. The experimental program named KALI-H 2 , consists checking the performance and behaviour of PAR. Unrealistic values for the gas temperature are calculated if the conjugate heat transfer and the wall steam condensation are not taken into account. The combined effects of these models give a good agreement between computational results and experimental data

  12. The EDF catalogue of technical specifications (reference HN), standardization center; Catalogue des specifications techniques EDF (reference HN) centre de normalisation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1996-12-31

    A list of EDF technical specifications, valid at the 01/01/1996 date, is presented. Specifications domains such as electrical installations, equipment and materials, uninsulated and insulated conductors, measurement, control and command, electric power generating or transforming equipment, electrical appliances, telecommunications, electronic and computer systems, are covered

  13. EdF let Germans manage Stredoslovenska Energetika

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Janoska, J.

    2003-01-01

    According to provisions of privatisation and shareholders agreement Stredoslovenska energetika (SSE), a.s., Zilina should be managed by the largest European power concern Electricite de France (EdF). But so far, one year after the acquisition, the only French member of the Supervisory board is its Chairman Patrick Luccioni. The Board has 5 members and two of them are German - Peter Weis and Martin Konerman. The latter joined in September this year. He came to Slovakia after years spent in Boards of Hungarian distribution companies - Elmu in Budapest and Emasz in Miskolcz. The name of Peter Weis still can be found on the web page of Emasz on the list of members of Supervisory Board. Strategic partner in both the mentioned Hungarian distribution companies is the third largest player on the German energy market - Energie Baden-Wurttemberg (EnBW). The French concern with its 35-percent stake is the biggest individual shareholder of the EnBW. EdF is reassessing its international projects. Due to an investment embargo the French will not be among the prospects interested in acquisition of Slovenske elektrarne, a.s., Bratislava but the company management has also announced its intention to sell its minority stakes in northern and eastern Europe. The Paris head office of EdF announced its decision in the time when privatisation of Slovak distribution companies was culminating. And so in order to maintain its influence the 49-percent stake in SSE together with management control over the company will be transferred to EnBW. Spokeswoman of EnBW, Petra Wollmer did not say the company would not plan any acquisitions in area of its core business but stressed that these would have to be thoroughly examined. She did not wish to comment on any potential plans the company may have in Slovakia or that would relate to changes in the management bodies of SSE. Not even the Head of Communication Department of the Slovak distribution company, Pavel Muller was allowed to publish any

  14. Fusion special: E.ON/Ruhrgas, EDF/Gaz de France? Trends. Interview. Inquiry. Portrait

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schneid, O.; Carbier, M.Ch.

    2003-01-01

    This issue of 'Energies news' newsletter comprises 6 articles dealing with: the E.ON/Ruhrgas fusion and the birth of a leader of the gas-electric power convergence in Europe (the serial story of the fusion, the compromise with the adverse parties); the key economical data of RWE; the proposal of fusion between EdF (Electricite de France) and Gaz de France (interview of M. Boiteux, honorary president of EdF); the reorganization of RWE activities in France (interview of R. Felgentreff, head of RWE Solutions France); travel inside the French power market (part.2: opening of the power market to all professionals); portrait of J. Masdeu-Arus, co-president of a study group at the French house of commons, who made a report about the economical and financial situation of EdF. (J.S.)

  15. EDF Group - Annual Report 2007. European leader for tomorrow's energies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2008-01-01

    The EDF Group is a leading player in the European energy industry, active in all areas of the electricity value chain, from generation to trading and network management. The leader in the French electricity market, the Group also has solid positions in the United Kingdom, Germany and Italy, with a portfolio of 38.5 million European customers and a generation fleet which is unique in the world. It intends to play a major role in the global revival of nuclear and is increasingly active in the gas chain. The Group has a sound business model, evenly balanced between regulated and deregulated activities. Given its R and D capability, its track record and expertise in nuclear, fossil-fired and hydro generation and in renewable energies, together with its energy eco-efficiency offers, EDF is well placed to deliver competitive solutions to reconcile sustainable economic growth and climate preservation. This document is EDF Group's annual report for the year 2007. It contains information about Group profile, governance, business, development strategy, sales and marketing, positions in Europe and international activities. The document is made of several reports: the Activity and Sustainable Development Report, the Financial Report, the Sustainable Development Report, the Sustainable Development Indicators, and the Report by the Chairman of EDF Board of Directors on corporate governance and internal control procedures

  16. EDF - 2004 annual results, Financial statements 2004

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gadonneix, Pierre; Camus, Daniel

    2005-01-01

    As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2004 annual results of the Group (key figures, financial results, strategy and perspectives) as well as its Consolidated financial statements at 31 December 2004: 1. Accounting principles and methods; 2. French law of 9 August 2004 on the Public Electricity and Gas Services and Electricity and Gas Companies; 3. Significant events of 2004; 4. Changes in the scope of consolidation; 5. Information by business segment and geographical area; 6. Sales; 7. Purchases and other external expenses; 8. Average workforce; 9. Other operating income and expenses; 10. Net (increase) decrease in provisions; 11. Interest expenses; 12. Foreign exchange result; 13. Other financial income and expenses; 14. Income taxes

  17. EDF fragment relocation model based on the displacement of rigid bodies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Callu, C.; Baron, D.; Ruck, J.M.

    1997-01-01

    In order to release the restricting conditions imposed to the reactor operations with regards to PCMI (Pellet-Cladding Mechanical Interaction), the simulation of a fuel rod thermomechanical behavior has to be improved. The computer programming has to cope with the more and more sophisticated mathematical modellings induced by the complexity and the interdependence of the phenomena. Therefore EDF is developing a new code - CYRANO3 - since 1990 putting emphasis on its evolution capacities. Concerning more precisely the PCMI simulation, the pellet fragmentation and the fragments relocation is one of the major aspect one must account for. Thanks to recent analytical experiments, EDF developed a new modelling based on the displacement of rigid bodies and on the calculation of the interaction efforts between the fragments. This paper presents the basis of the model, its introduction within the CYRANO3 code and its calibration on a specific analytical experiment. The modelling is then tested against PWR fuel rods deformations from the EDF data base. The results are presented and discussed. (author)

  18. New EDF approach to the mentification of NPP personnel training needs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hazet, Jean-Christophe

    2003-01-01

    The EDF ambition today is to be among the best electricity producers in the world. To do so, we have to take more responsibilities, to motivate and to give our employees a better level of competence, and to make them more involved in the culture and the success of our company. In order to reach these objectives a deeper analysis of the NPP training needs must be completed. Our answer, named 'Local Competencies Development System' (LCDS) consists in implementing a large decentralisation of the competencies management, done by the EDF Production Department in conjunction with the EDF Training Department. It takes place in a logical approach bound up with the historical development of our nuclear program. In addition to this LCDS a new organization of training centers instructors, in dedicated training teams, has been implemented in order to co-ordinate the different actions directly with the NPP. The purpose of this presentation is to take into account the LCDS on the operation personnel training side, a similar organization has been implemented for the maintenance side

  19. The nuclear power stations of the French atomic energy programme (1960); Les centrales nucleaires de puissance du programme francais (1960)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Leduc, C [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Roux, J P [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1960-07-01

    After recalling the entry of nuclear energy into energy production in France, the paper emphasizes the evolution of techniques applied in the designing of French nuclear power plants and describes the means employed for reducing costs per kWh of EDF2 and EDF3 compared with EDF1: the electric power per ton of uranium varies from 493 kW/t for EDF1 to 970 kW/t for EDF3. For this purpose the thermal power and electric power of units are changed respectively from 290 MWt for EDF1 to 1200 or 1600 MWt for EDF3 and from 28 to 250 MW. The results are obtained by an improvement in neutronic characteristics, developments in nuclear fuel technology, and simplification of the system of charging the reactor, whose means of maintenance are increased; the EDF2 heat-exchangers have been so designed as to increase the unit power of the elements, which will attain 9 MWt, as against 3 for EDF1. For EDF3 an advance project forecasts a thermodynamic layout with only one pressure stage. The paper ends with a description of the burst-slug detection systems, and an appendix gives a detailed comparative table of EDF1, EDF2 and EDF3 plant characteristics. (author) [French] Apres avoir rappele l'integration de l'energie nucleaire parmi les moyens de production de l'energie en France, les auteurs se penchent surtout sur l'evolution des techniques appliquees dans l'equipement des centrales nucleaires francaises et decrivent les moyens mis en oeuvre pour reduire les prix de revient du kWh d'EDF2 et d'EDF3 par rapport a EDF1: la puissance electrique par tonne d'uranium varie de 493 kW/t pour EDF1 a 970 kW/t pour EDF3. C'est dans ce but que les puissances thermiques et la puissance unitaire des groupes turbo-alternateurs passent respectivement de 290 MWt pour EDF1 a 1200 ou 1600 MWt pour EDF3 et de 82 a 250 MW. Les resultats sont obtenus par une amelioration des caracteristiques neutroniques, des progres realises sur la technologie des elements combustibles, une simplification du systeme de

  20. Five offshore wind farms by EDF, GDF Suez and Iberdrola. France; Vijf offshore windparken door EDF, GDF Suez en Iberdrola. Frankrijk

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Polo-Leemreis, J. [TWA Netwerk, Paris (France)

    2012-02-15

    Five offshore wind farms are planned to be built off the Northwest coast of France. On 11 January 2012, three international consortia, led by the French businesses EDF EN (Energie Nouvelles), GDF Suez and the Spanish business Iberdrola, submitted their project proposals to this end. The French government highly values the contribution that offshore wind farms can make to the development of a new industrial sector. This would bring highly needed benefits to the French economy [Dutch] Voor de Noordwest-kust van Frankrijk moeten vijf offshore windparken komen. Op 11 januari 2012 hebben drie internationale consortia onder leiding van de Franse bedrijven EDF EN (Energies Nouvelles), GDF Suez en het Spaanse Iberdrola hun projectvoorstellen hiervoor ingediend. De Franse regering hecht veel waarde aan de bijdrage die offshore windparken kunnen leveren aan de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe industriele sector. De Franse economie zou dit goed kunnen gebruiken.

  1. Description of the EDF research and development laboratory's radiographic picture processing system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Brillault, B.

    1985-01-01

    A digital radiographic picture processing system has been developed at the EDF Research and Development Laboratory to be supplied to EDF radiography experts. We describe it in pointing out the difficulties of radiograph digitization but also the numerous processing possibilities. The final goal of the Laboratory work is to extract the information from industrial radiographs by digital means. Our study is divided into three parts: digitization by a microdensitometer; display, processing and quantization of flaws; and, digital storing. 5 refs

  2. EdF in the core of UK's nuclear industry... before expecting more

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moal, C.

    2008-01-01

    With the announcement at the end of September 2008 of EdF's friendly takeover bid on British Energy, the French group confirms its will of dominating the European nuclear industry before going back to the assault of the US market. Together, EdF and British Energy (owner of 8 NPPs (9.5 GW) and 1 coal-fired power plant (2 GW)) will make a turnover of 11.9 billion euro with 19800 employees and 85.6 TWh of production. Short paper. (J.S.)

  3. EDF Energy Holdings Limited, Registered Number 06930266, Annual report and financial statements 31 December 2016

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2017-01-01

    EDF Energy Holdings Limited and subsidiaries make up EDF Energy. The companies' principal activities are to provide and supply electricity and gas to commercial, residential and industrial customers, and to generate electricity through a portfolio of generation assets including nuclear, coal fired, gas and renewable generation. EDF Energy is also involved in the construction of new build nuclear assets. This document is the annual report and financial statements of the company for the year 2016. Contents: 1 - Strategic report; 2 - Directors' report; 3 - Directors' responsibility statement; 4 - Independent Auditor's report to the Members of EDF Energy Holdings Limited; 5 - Consolidated income statement; 6 - Consolidated statement of comprehensive income; 7 - Consolidated balance sheet; 8 - Consolidated cash flow statement; 9 - Consolidated statement of changes in equity 10 - Notes to the consolidated financial statements; 11 - Company balance sheet; 12 - Company statement of changes in equity; 13 - Notes to the Company financial statements

  4. Digital publication of EDF's regulatory files

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Picard, Pauline

    2012-06-01

    The Engineering Centre of Deconstruction and Environment wants to modernize the distribution of its regulatory filings in digital form. This project requires a prior upstream of its implementation to determine the best publishing solution suited to the constraints of diffusion and heritage protection of EDF

  5. The EDF group and the sustainable development

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2001-01-01

    This document deals with the management policy of the EDF Group, concerning the sustainable development. The program is presented showing the Group will to contribute to an environmental quality: a control of the activities impact on the environment, the development of the renewable energies, the solidarity and the electric power access development in developing countries. (A.L.B.)

  6. GAO report and EDF cost revisions reignite debate on Hinkley Point C

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dalton, David [NucNet, The Independent Global Nuclear News Agency, Brussels (Belgium)

    2017-10-15

    The announcement by French state-controlled utility EDF that it has added pound 1.5 bn (Euro 1.7 bn, $ 1.9 bn) to its estimated costs for two new reactors at Hinkley Point C, has led to questions about whether the government should rethink the project, with some politicians calling for it to be abandoned. EDF's announcement came less than two weeks after a report from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) said the government's deal for the two EPR units, now estimated to be costing pound 19.6 bn (Euro 22.3 bn, $ 25.5 bn), has locked consumers into a risky and expensive project with uncertain strategic and economic benefits. The UK's Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), in a report prepared before the EDF announcement, had already said the requirement to improve the predictability and affordability of new nuclear power plants has never been stronger.

  7. Zinc injection on the EDF fleet monitoring the injection on 12 units

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le-Meur, Gaelle Harmand; Anne-Marie; Stutzmann, Agnes; Taunier, Stephane; Benfarah, Moez; Bretelle, Jean-Luc; Alain, Rocher; Claeys, Myriam; Bonne, Sebastien

    2012-09-01

    After a first implementation of zinc injection at Bugey 2 and Bugey 4, EDF decided to extend the program to other units of its fleet. 14 more reactors from the French fleet of 58 were chosen in order to - Reduce the radiation sources for curative or preventive (after SGR) reasons - Mitigate stress corrosion cracking on nickel alloys and reduce the rate of generalized corrosion - Prevent the risk of CIPS, mainly after a fuel management change. Zinc injection started on 9 new units in 2011, 1 unit in 2012 and will be extended to 4 other units before the end of 2013. To monitor the injection, EDF has defined a complete program concerning chemistry, radiation protection (dose rate and deposited activities measurements), materials (statistical analysis of SG tube cracks), fuel (oxide measurements) and waste (radiochemical characterization of filters). Reference units were chosen for each field because of the size of the fleet. This paper will detail the different monitoring programs on the EDF plants injecting zinc. (authors)

  8. GAO report and EDF cost revisions reignite debate on Hinkley Point C

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dalton, David

    2017-01-01

    The announcement by French state-controlled utility EDF that it has added pound 1.5 bn (Euro 1.7 bn, $ 1.9 bn) to its estimated costs for two new reactors at Hinkley Point C, has led to questions about whether the government should rethink the project, with some politicians calling for it to be abandoned. EDF's announcement came less than two weeks after a report from the Government Accountability Office (GAO) said the government's deal for the two EPR units, now estimated to be costing pound 19.6 bn (Euro 22.3 bn, $ 25.5 bn), has locked consumers into a risky and expensive project with uncertain strategic and economic benefits. The UK's Energy Technologies Institute (ETI), in a report prepared before the EDF announcement, had already said the requirement to improve the predictability and affordability of new nuclear power plants has never been stronger.

  9. Main prospects of EDF's nuclear program

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Pierre Bacher, M.; Jean Pierrard, M.

    1994-01-01

    Today, EDF is at a half way point in its third major standardized series, the N4 1400 MW series. The main objective agreed upon for this N4 series, was to improve the insertion of man in the control loop. After the TMI accident in 1979, selective improvements had already been introduced in the 900 series ; the 1300 series, which was the underway, was also the object of more significant improvements (for instance a digital control system) ; but it still seemed desirable that all the lessons to be learned from the accident be reflected in the third series : the fully computerized instrumentation and control system developed for the N4 series ?comparable to the one developed for Airbus ?is today the first of its kind in the world. The demand increase for electric energy dramatically stopped in 1993. However, the prospect for the coming years is more optimistic. Electricity consumption is expected to increase slowly by an average 2% per year. In this context, EDF is preparing its energy program for the nest century and takes into account that hydraulic generation capacity will remain stable and that the French thermal units fueled with coal are rather old and will have to be replaced.

  10. SME-SMI, professionals, territorial authorities: EDF in an open market

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-07-01

    On July 1, 2004, the opening of the electricity market to competition has crossed a new step. In France, more than 2.3 millions of customers - professionals, companies, and territorial authorities - can freely chose their power supplier, which represents 70% of the electricity market. In this open market, Electricite de France (EdF), the French electric utility, has promised to all its clients an optimum security of power supply prices by fixing its price offers with respect to the prices of regulated tariffs and by indexing them with respect to their future evolutions. This document presents the new rules of the electricity market and the different services offered by EdF. (J.S.)

  11. EDF - Electricite de France. Results 1997. 1997: The enterprise prepares for competition; EDF - Electricite de France. Resultats 1997. 1997: L'entreprise se prepare a la concurrence

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-07-01

    In 1997 the energy production of the French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France) reached the value of 457.7 billion kWh, of which 82% is nuclear, 14% hydraulic and 4% classical thermal power. The management of maintenance annual intervention allowed and availability of the nuclear sector of 82.6%. The safety level was also maintained at a high value. The quality of the supplied electricity has been improved continuously: the annual average interruption duration for low voltage supply has been reduced from 1.35 h in 1996 to 1.06 h in 1997. Sale volume in France (369.9 billion kWh) is 0.7% lower than in 1996. EDF remains the first electricity exporter in Europe. The EDF has strengthened in 1997 its international development. FF 4.2 billions have been invested in Europe, Latin America and Asia. A social policy has been developed in favor of employee, particularly, young people acting toward enterprise's development, better management and working time reduction. In the frame of its relation with the state the EDF Company has signed a new contract for the period 1997-2000 which will allow reaching its ambition: becoming a public service of reference in Europe and its promotion as leader in industrial services, in the electric sector of France and on the international market. The results of this first year has confirmed the course adopted. The report contains the following seven chapters: 1. Relations with the state and the evolution of the institutional frame; 2. The financial results and administration; 3. Technical results; 4. Development in France; 5. International development; 6. Social and human resources; 7. Environment.

  12. Safety experience on EDF's PWRs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanguy, P.

    1986-01-01

    The french nuclear programme has been widely publicized. In 1985, the total nuclear electricity generated was around 216 GWh, i. e. 70% of the electricity produced by electricity de France (EDF). If we consider only pressurized water reactors, at the end of 1985, 37 units were in operation (32 900 MWe and 5 1300 MWe) and 18 were under construction. I intend to review our experience with the safety of PWR's, but I will first present briefly some aspects related to the safety organization in France and the standardization policy. (author) [pt

  13. EdF speaks about economic advantages of fuel reprocessing as compared with interim storage

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1997-01-01

    The French company Electricite de France (EdF) will prefer nuclear fuel reprocessing and plutonium recycling to spent fuel storage also in the years after 2000. This option is economically advantageous if the proportional cost of reprocessing does not exceed 1900 FRF/kg heavy metal. Economic analysis shows that this is feasible. EdF will soon have to reprocess annually about 1000 Mt spent fuel to supply enough plutonium for MOX fuel fabrication to feed as many as 28 PWR units and the Superphenix reactor. Spent fuel reprocessing is seen as promising as long as the efficiency of the MOX fuel approaches that of natural uranium based fuel. The French national industrial, political and legal context of EdF operations is also considered. (P.A.)

  14. EDF's international strategy. The 2009-2013 period - Updating for 2014

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-11-01

    The French Court of Auditors reports the examination of the international strategy of the EDF group and of its mother company. It examines international activities undertaken by EDF out of France through its foreign subsidiary companies and joint ventures during the 2009-2013 period. After a description of the current EDF's international dimension, a recall of its international development between 1993 and 2008, a description of its situation in 2009 and of its recent developments (in 2014-2015), this report first addresses the main international operations undertaken by EDF between 2009 and 2013: acquisitions and cessions, withdrawal from the USA, strengthened positions in Italy and in the UK, China as an important development target, and modest investments in new energies and services. The second part analyses the contrasted financial results of this strategy: a reduced footprint of international activities on cash management and investments, and a negative impact of recurrent losses by some international activities. The third part shows that current requirements had more influence on the international strategy than anticipations on the medium and long terms: insufficient improvement of strategic governance, justifications to the strong presence abroad which are to be more deeply expressed, and a financial constraint on abroad manoeuvre margin. It outlines that expectations expressed by the French State and other shareholders did not have a real impact, and that the geography of target markets still need to be better justified

  15. Environmental monitoring around nuclear power plants of EDF in France; La surveillance de l'environnement autour des centres nucleaires de production d'electricite d'EDF en France

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chretien, V.; Hemidy, P.Y. [Electricite de France (EDF/DPN), 93 - Saint-Denis (France)

    2010-06-15

    As part of the regulatory environmental monitoring around its nuclear power plants, EDF carries out every year more than 40.000 measurements. In addition EDF performs more precise radioecological surveys on all its sites. This monitoring shows the minor incidence of EDF's nuclear power plants on the environment and a general decrease of gamma emitters radionuclides in the environment. These results confirm the efforts lead by EDF to minimise its impacts on the environment, linked to an efficient waste management and demonstrate the good operating standards of its plants. On a qualitative viewpoint, significant efforts on both metrology and organization have lead to improved measurements capabilities, in order to achieve NF EN ISO/CEI 17025 standard compliance. More recently, a similar approach has been implemented with sampling methods. While today the level achieved in the number and quality of measurement complies with the objectives of the monitoring of the impact of the nuclear power plants on the environment, the results of this monitoring should be presented to the public with more pedagogy to give an adequate answer to their expectations. The new questions that will undoubtedly be raised by the recent availability of this information on the Internet should reinforce this dialogue and should also be the opportunity to improve the quality of our communication. (author)

  16. EDF - Electricite de France. Results 1997. 1997: The enterprise prepares for competition; EDF - Electricite de France. Resultats 1997. 1997: L'entreprise se prepare a la concurrence

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-07-01

    In 1997 the energy production of the French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France) reached the value of 457.7 billion kWh, of which 82% is nuclear, 14% hydraulic and 4% classical thermal power. The management of maintenance annual intervention allowed and availability of the nuclear sector of 82.6%. The safety level was also maintained at a high value. The quality of the supplied electricity has been improved continuously: the annual average interruption duration for low voltage supply has been reduced from 1.35 h in 1996 to 1.06 h in 1997. Sale volume in France (369.9 billion kWh) is 0.7% lower than in 1996. EDF remains the first electricity exporter in Europe. The EDF has strengthened in 1997 its international development. FF 4.2 billions have been invested in Europe, Latin America and Asia. A social policy has been developed in favor of employee, particularly, young people acting toward enterprise's development, better management and working time reduction. In the frame of its relation with the state the EDF Company has signed a new contract for the period 1997-2000 which will allow reaching its ambition: becoming a public service of reference in Europe and its promotion as leader in industrial services, in the electric sector of France and on the international market. The results of this first year has confirmed the course adopted. The report contains the following seven chapters: 1. Relations with the state and the evolution of the institutional frame; 2. The financial results and administration; 3. Technical results; 4. Development in France; 5. International development; 6. Social and human resources; 7. Environment.

  17. Can-rupture detection in gas-cooled nuclear reactors; La detection des ruptures de gaine dans les piles nucleaires refroidies par gaz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roguin, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1965-07-01

    Can-rupture detection (DRG) is one important aspect of pile safety, more particularly so in the case of gas-cooled reactors. A rapid and sure detection constitutes also an improvement as far as the efficiency of electricity-producing nuclear power stations are concerned. Among the numerous can-rupture detection methods, that based on the measurement of the concentration of short-lived fission gases in the heat-carrying fluid has proved to be the most sensitive and the most rapid. A systematic study of detectors based on the electrostatic collection of the daughter products of fission gases has been undertaken with a view to equip the reactors EL 2, G 3, EDF 1, EDF 2 and EDF 3, the gas loops of PEGASE and EL 4. The different parameters are studied in detail in order to obtain a maximum sensitivity and to make it possible to construct detection devices having the maximum operational reliability and requiring the minimum maintenance. The primary applications of these devices are examined in the case of the above-mentioned reactors. (author) [French] La Detection des Ruptures de Gaines (D. R. G.) est un aspect important de la securite des piles et plus particulierement des piles refroidies par un gaz. Une detection rapide et sure constitue aussi un element d'amelioration du rendement des centrales nucleaires productrices d'energie electrique. Parmi les nombreuses methodes de detection des ruptures de gaines, la mesure de la concentration dans le fluide caloporteur des gaz de fission a vie courte s'est revelee comme la plus sensible et la plus rapide. Une etude systematique des detecteurs a collection electrostatique des descendants des gaz de fission a ete entreprise en vue d'equiper les piles EL 2, G 3, EDF 1, EDF 2 et EDF 3, les boucles a gaz de la pile Pegase et la pile EL 4. Les divers parametres sont etudies en detail pour obtenir une sensibilite maximum et permettre la realisation de dispositifs de detection ayant le maximum de securite de fonctionnement et le

  18. Can-rupture detection in gas-cooled nuclear reactors; La detection des ruptures de gaine dans les piles nucleaires refroidies par gaz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roguin, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1965-07-01

    Can-rupture detection (DRG) is one important aspect of pile safety, more particularly so in the case of gas-cooled reactors. A rapid and sure detection constitutes also an improvement as far as the efficiency of electricity-producing nuclear power stations are concerned. Among the numerous can-rupture detection methods, that based on the measurement of the concentration of short-lived fission gases in the heat-carrying fluid has proved to be the most sensitive and the most rapid. A systematic study of detectors based on the electrostatic collection of the daughter products of fission gases has been undertaken with a view to equip the reactors EL 2, G 3, EDF 1, EDF 2 and EDF 3, the gas loops of PEGASE and EL 4. The different parameters are studied in detail in order to obtain a maximum sensitivity and to make it possible to construct detection devices having the maximum operational reliability and requiring the minimum maintenance. The primary applications of these devices are examined in the case of the above-mentioned reactors. (author) [French] La Detection des Ruptures de Gaines (D. R. G.) est un aspect important de la securite des piles et plus particulierement des piles refroidies par un gaz. Une detection rapide et sure constitue aussi un element d'amelioration du rendement des centrales nucleaires productrices d'energie electrique. Parmi les nombreuses methodes de detection des ruptures de gaines, la mesure de la concentration dans le fluide caloporteur des gaz de fission a vie courte s'est revelee comme la plus sensible et la plus rapide. Une etude systematique des detecteurs a collection electrostatique des descendants des gaz de fission a ete entreprise en vue d'equiper les piles EL 2, G 3, EDF 1, EDF 2 et EDF 3, les boucles a gaz de la pile Pegase et la pile EL 4. Les divers parametres sont etudies en detail pour obtenir une sensibilite maximum et permettre la realisation de dispositifs de detection ayant le maximum de securite de

  19. EDF - The Inspector General's report on Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection 2009

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    After a first chapter in which the Inspector General states his own vision of facts and results regarding nuclear safety and radiation protection for 2009, the relationship with the ASN (Nuclear safety authority), and also gives his own impression on the whole EDF nuclear system, the next chapters more particularly address the following topics: safety management, radiation protection of interveners, abilities and education for new challenges, the exploitation quality, the implementation of new regulatory arrangements, the extension of exploitation duration, the EPR project, the doctors as actors of safety management, service providing or subcontracting companies and fleet performance, prevention and struggle against fire, the activity of British Energy which is part of the EDF group, events which occurred within the EDF group (exposure of an intervener, incidents involving fuel components, biases in work monitoring, a fire on a turbo generator, an incident in Dungeness), lessons drawn from other industrial events (in a Russian hydroelectric station and in a refinery in Texas), and visits in China and in Japan

  20. On-site emergency preparedness and response PLAN for EDF Nuclear Power Plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    BOSSARD, J. L.

    1997-01-01

    Considering nuclear safety concepts applied to reactor design and preventive measures taken by EDF during operation, and although the probability of a nuclear accident, even minor, on a unit is very low, it still cannot be considered nil. Therefore, the operator must be prepared, if such an event should occur, by defining and implementing a 'crisis organisation' in cooperation with the Safety Authorities. The crisis organisation has been set up in order to master and control the accident, i.e. in order to prevent, in real time, the accident developing into a more serious situation and to limit the consequences regarding technical and radiological concerns. EDF crisis organisation is integrated into the current organisation at local level as well as at national level. In addition to the operation team in 'shifts', crisis organisation is based 'on-call' personnel available at home (local level) or within a restricted area (national level). This organisation includes Managers, Experts, Participants EDF (+FRAMATOME), each of the them working, in case of an emergency, in his field of skills

  1. Apprendre et maîtriser LabVIEW par ses applications

    CERN Document Server

    Martaj, Nadia

    2014-01-01

    Cet ouvrage traite de l'apprentissage du langage LabVIEW a travers ses applications dans des domaines industriels et academiques, qui permettront a l'ingenieur, technicien ou etudiant d'apprehender rapidement et efficacement ce langage. L'ouvrage commence, dans la partie I, par traiter les differents types de donnees du langage LabVIEW (tableaux, clusters, complexes, chaines de caracteres...), leur manipulation dans des structures d'execution (boucles While, For, la structure Condition, etc.), le langage textuel MathScript, des scripts Matlab, la boite de calcul utilisant la syntaxe du langage C ainsi que les nœuds de propriete qui permettent d'obtenir ou definir la propriete d''un VI. Cette etude est menee a travers des applications d'ingenierie.La partie II est consacree a l'etude de l'outil « Conception de controle et simulation » avec lequel nous pouvons simuler des systemes analogiques ou discrets.La partie III contient differentes applications qui traitent de nombreux themes comme la regulation (diff...

  2. Estrategias de aprendizaje y ansiedad ante los exámenes en estudiantes universitarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Furlan

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Diversas investigaciones coinciden en señalar que la elevada ansiedad frente a los exámenes está asociada a la baja habilidad para el estudio y al uso de estrategias superficiales de procesamiento de la información, existendo influencias recíprocas entre dichas variables. De acuerdo a esta perspectiva, se evaluó el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje en 816 estudiantes universitarios con elevada, media o baja ansiedad frente a los exámenes. Adicionalmente, se analizaron las relaciones entre las cuatro dimensiones de la ansiedad y las estrategias de aprendizaje. Los estudiantes con elevada ansiedad utilizaron más frecuentemente estrategias de repetición y búqueda de ayuda académica y los de baja ansiedad, estrategias de estudio reflexivo. La falta de confianza correlacionó negativamente con estrategias de estudio reflexivo, repetición, búsqueda de ayuda académica y regulación del tiempo y esfuerzo. En sentido opuesto, la preocupación se asoció positivamente con tres de estas estrategias.

  3. Civil engineering: EDF needs for concrete modelling

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Didry, O.; Gerard, B.; Bui, D.

    1997-01-01

    Concrete structures which are encountered at EDF, like all civil engineering structures, age. In order to adapt the maintenance conditions of these structures, particularly to extend their service life, and also to prepare constructions of future structures, tools for predicting the behaviour of these structures in their environment should be available. For EDF the technical risks are high and consequently very appropriate R and D actions are required. In this context the Direction des Etudes et Recherches (DER) has developed a methodology for analysing concrete structure behaviour modelling. This approach has several aims: - making a distinction between the problems which refer to the existing models and those which require R and D; - displaying disciplinary links between different problems encountered on EDF structures (non-linear mechanical, chemical - hydraulic - mechanical coupling, etc); - listing of the existing tools and positioning the DER 'Aster' finite element code among them. This document is a state of the art of scientific knowledge intended to shed light on the fields in which one should be involved when there is, on one part a strong requirement on the side of structure operators, and on the other one, the present tools do not allow this requirement to be satisfactorily met. The analysis has been done on 12 scientific subjects: 1) Hydration of concrete at early ages: exothermicity, hardening, autogenous shrinkage; 2) Drying and drying shrinkage; 3) Alkali-silica reaction and bulky stage formation; 4) Long term deterioration by leaching; 5) Ionic diffusion and associated attacks: the chlorides case; 6) Permeability / tightness of concrete; 7) Concretes -nonlinear behaviour and cracking (I): contribution of the plasticity models; 8) Concretes - nonlinear behaviour and cracking (II): contribution of the damage models; 9) Concretes - nonlinear behaviour and cracking (III): the contribution of the probabilistic analysis model; 10) Delayed behaviour of

  4. EDF at a glance 2003

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2004-01-01

    This document presents the organization and key data of Electricite de France (EdF) group for 2003: business, priorities, values, different branches of the group (continental Europe, western Europe, Mediterranean branch, Africa, Asia-Pacific, Americas, Dalkia energy services, development branch), management, board of directors, market opening in France, human resource strategy, R and D, customers (residential, commercial, business and industrial, local authorities), industrial tool (fossil-fired generation, network management, renewable energy sources), reliability, financial flexibility, sustainable development (role of renewables in generation, CO 2 emissions, radiation protection, nuclear waste, environment, handling fuel poverty, landscape conservation), contacts and affiliates outside France. (J.S.)

  5. China: EDF's feedback experience of reactor operating is essential to win international markets

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maillart, H.

    2016-01-01

    The main assets of EDF on the Chinese nuclear power market is first, its very important feedback experience of reactor operations (EDF cumulates one year of reactor operations every week due to its fleet of 58 reactors), secondly the cooperation with China allowed China to enter nuclear energy in 1983 with the construction of the Daya Bay plant and now to develop its own technology: the CPR-1000 reactor. China is the world leader in terms of nuclear market dynamism with 30 reactors in operation, 24 reactors being built and 40 others planned. A new stage in the Franco-China cooperation would be to share relevant good practices in the managing of both French and Chinese fleets of reactors. EDF has upgraded its commercial international offer, it now proposes to cover all the stages of the nuclear power plant from site selection to plant deconstruction via construction, operation, maintenance and waste management which constitutes a commitment over a 100 year period. (A.C.)

  6. Does E.D.F. export at a loss

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Laramee, V.

    1996-01-01

    As European Energy markets should progressively open themselves to the free competition, Electricite de France (E.D.F.) is suspected by an energy research institute to sell abroad its kilowatts at a price inferior to the production cost. The situation and the different parameters to calculate the production cost are explained here. (N.C.)

  7. A corporative ALARA engineering support for all EDF sites a major improvement: the generic work areas optimization studies

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Quiot, A.; Lebeau, J.

    2005-01-01

    ALARA studies performed by EDF plants are quite simple and empirical. Most often, feedback experience and common sense, with the help of simple calculations allow reaching useful and efficient decisions. This is particularly the case when the exposure situations are not complex, within a simple environment and with a single source, or one major source. However, in more complex cases this is not enough to guarantee that actual ALARA solutions are implemented. EDF has then decided to use its national corporate engineering as a support for its sites. That engineering support is in charge of using very efficient tools such as PANTHER-RP. The objective of the presentation is to describe the engineering process and tools now available at EDF, to illustrate them with a few case studies and to describe the goals and procedures set up by EDF. (authors)

  8. A corporate ALARA engineering support for all EDF sites. A major improvement: the generic work areas optimisation studies

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Quiot, Alain [EDF, SPT, UTO, Le Central, Bat. 420, BP 129, 93162 Noisy-le-Grand Cedex (France); Lebeau, Jacques [Electricite de France, ALARA Project, Site Cap Ampere, 1, place Pleyel, 93282 Saint Denis Cedex (France)

    2004-07-01

    ALARA studies performed by EDF plants are quite simple and empirical. Most often, feedback experience and common sense, with the help of simple calculations allow reaching useful and efficient decisions. This is particularly the case when the exposure situations are not complex, within a simple environment and with a single source, or one major source. However, in more complex cases this is not enough to guarantee that actual ALARA solutions are implemented. EDF has then decided to use its national corporate engineering as a support for its sites. That engineering support is in charge of using very efficient tools such as PANTHER-RP. The objective of the presentation is to describe the engineering process and tools now available at EDF, to illustrate them with a few case studies and to describe the goals and procedures set up by EDF. (authors)

  9. EDF - Electricite de France. Results 1997. 1997: The enterprise prepares for competition

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    In 1997 the energy production of the French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France) reached the value of 457.7 billion kWh, of which 82% is nuclear, 14% hydraulic and 4% classical thermal power. The management of maintenance annual intervention allowed and availability of the nuclear sector of 82.6%. The safety level was also maintained at a high value. The quality of the supplied electricity has been improved continuously: the annual average interruption duration for low voltage supply has been reduced from 1.35 h in 1996 to 1.06 h in 1997. Sale volume in France (369.9 billion kWh) is 0.7% lower than in 1996. EDF remains the first electricity exporter in Europe. The EDF has strengthened in 1997 its international development. FF 4.2 billions have been invested in Europe, Latin America and Asia. A social policy has been developed in favor of employee, particularly, young people acting toward enterprise's development, better management and working time reduction. In the frame of its relation with the state the EDF Company has signed a new contract for the period 1997-2000 which will allow reaching its ambition: becoming a public service of reference in Europe and its promotion as leader in industrial services, in the electric sector of France and on the international market. The results of this first year has confirmed the course adopted. The report contains the following seven chapters: 1. Relations with the state and the evolution of the institutional frame; 2. The financial results and administration; 3. Technical results; 4. Development in France; 5. International development; 6. Social and human resources; 7. Environment

  10. Evaluación diagnóstica del niño con parálisis cerebral Diagnostic evaluation of cerebral palsy in the child

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo R. Robaina Castellanos

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available La parálisis cerebral es la discapacidad física más frecuente de la niñez. A pesar de ello, a menudo se presentan dificultades en su diagnóstico. Se realiza una actualización de la evaluación diagnóstica del niño con parálisis cerebral. El diagnóstico de esta discapacidad es fundamentalmente clínico, lo cual comprende una anamnesia detallada de los factores de riesgo y del desarrollo psicomotor del niño, además del examen neuromotor. Resulta necesaria la aplicación de una serie de instrumentos para determinar el grado de limitación funcional y las alteraciones asociadas. Dentro de los exámenes complementarios, los exámenes neuroimaginológicos son los más importantes en la búsqueda de causas probables y la determinación del momento de la lesión cerebral. Otros exámenes (electroencefalograma, estudios genéticos, metabólicos y de coagulación tienen indicaciones específicas. Para la evaluación integral de estos niños se requiere del concurso de múltiples especialidades médicas, psicopedagógicas y sociales.Cerebral palsy is the most frequent physical disability in childhood. In spite of this, it is often difficult to diagnose it. An updating on the diagnostic evaluation of the child with cerebral palsy was provided in this paper. The diagnosis is essentially clinical, which comprises a detailed description of risk factors and the psychomotor development of the affected child in addition to a neuromotor exam. The application of a series of instruments to determine the level of functional limitation and associated disturbances is required. Among the supplementary tests, neuroimaging is the most important to search for likely causes and to determine the moment of cerebral injure. Other tests (electroencephalogram, genetic, metabolic and coagulation studies, etc have specific indications. For a comprehensive assessment of these children, the participation of many medical, psychoeducational and social specialties is

  11. Insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad de sueño en estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo de clases y exámenes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Samuel Durán Agüero

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo:Determinar los factores asociados a la cantidad de horas de sueño, somnolenciadiurna e insomnio antes y durante un periodo de clases y exámenes.Material y métodos:Se evaluó a 384 alumnos de ambos sexos (74,1% mujeres, quienesreportaron su peso y estatura. A cada estudiante se le aplicó el Cuestionario de Insomnio y laEscala De Somnolencia de Epworth en el periodo de clases y periodo de exámenes.Resultados:Al comparar la somnolencia diurna, insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad dehoras de sueño entre periodo de clases y exámenes se observó un incremento en la latencia alsueño (p<0,05 durante los exámenes. Al realizar la comparación según estado nutricional seobservó, en el caso de las mujeres, que aquellas que presentan sobrepeso/obesidad tienen unamenor cantidad de horas de sueño en ambos periodos (p<0,05; en hombres, los que presentansobrepeso/obesidad tienen una mayor somnolencia diurna en exámenes (p<0,01. Al realizarla regresión logística tomando como variable dependiente somnolencia diurna, en mujeres seincrementa el riesgo de somnolencia diurna:OR=3,1 (IC95 % 1,1-8,8; en cambio, la ausenciade insomnio es un factor protector para somnolencia diurna:OR=0,06 (IC95 % 0,01-0,35.Conclusión:En periodo de exámenes se incrementa significativamente la latencia al sueño, enespecial en mujeres; en hombres se observa una disminución de las horas de sueño. Finalmente, las mujeres presentan un mayor riesgo de somnolencia diurna; en cambio, la ausencia deinsomnio es un factor protector. Ni el estado nutricional ni el consumo de cafeína se asociaroncon problemas de sueño.

  12. Causes of death in a cohort of EDF-GDF employees: comparison between occupational medicine and official statistics data

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marchand, J.L.; Imbernon, E.; Goldberg, M.

    2003-01-01

    Background: In an epidemiological study, medical causes of death may be obtained from different sources. In a study on French gas and electricity company (EDF-GDF) workers, they were obtained front the national INSERM database. Additionally, the causes collected by the EDF-GDF occupational physicians, were available for a subset of 1,330 deaths, which occurred between 1989 and 1994. The data from the two sources were compared with each other, in order to assess whether they were globally equivalent, and the potential impact of their differences on the results of epidemiological analyses. Methods: Concordance rates between causes of death in the INSERM and EDF-GDF physicians databases were calculated according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) ninth revision codes and for various causes groups. Causes of death records were also examined in order to clarify the observed divergences. SMRs were computed in order to evaluate the consequences of using each. database in epidemiological analyses. Finally, some SMRs were computed with the two sources and compared with each other. Results: INSERM and EDF-GDF physicians causes belonged to the same causes group in 81 % of cases, but the exact cause was different for- more than half of them. The concordance rate was high for the deaths by AIDS and by cancer, and low for deaths by respiratory system and digestive system diseases. More causes of death were coded as 'unknown' in EDF-GDF physicians data than in INSERM data. The SMRs varied widely depending on whether the INSERM or EDF-GDF physicians causes of death databases were used. Conclusions: Causes of death recorded in the INSERM and EDF-GDF physicians databases are very different. Therefore, using the national mortality rates computed by INSERM with the EDF-GDF physicians causes of death to calculate SMRs is not valid, and it is observed that they may be very different from those computed with INSERM data. In a general way, it should be better to use the

  13. EDF Energy Holdings Limited, Registered Number 06930266, Annual report and financial statements 31 December 2013

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    EDF Energy Holdings Limited and subsidiaries make up EDF Energy. The companies' principal activities are to provide and supply electricity and gas to commercial, residential and industrial customers, and to generate electricity through a portfolio of generation assets including nuclear, coal fired, gas and renewable generation. EDF Energy is also involved in the construction of new build nuclear assets. This document is the annual report and financial statements of the company for the year 2013. Contents: 1 - Strategic report; 2 - Directors' report; 3 - Directors' responsibility statement; 4 - Independent Auditor's report; 5 - Consolidated income statement; 6 - Consolidated statement of comprehensive income; 7 - Consolidated balance sheet; 8 - Consolidated cash flow statement; 9 - Consolidated statement of changes in equity 10 - Notes to the consolidated financial statements; 11 - Company balance sheet; 12 - Notes to the Company financial statements

  14. EDF Energy Holdings Limited, Registered Number 06930266, Annual report and financial statements 31 December 2014

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    EDF Energy Holdings Limited and subsidiaries make up EDF Energy. The companies' principal activities are to provide and supply electricity and gas to commercial, residential and industrial customers, and to generate electricity through a portfolio of generation assets including nuclear, coal fired, gas and renewable generation. EDF Energy is also involved in the construction of new build nuclear assets. This document is the annual report and financial statements of the company for the year 2014. Contents: 1 - Strategic report; 2 - Directors' report; 3 - Directors' responsibility statement; 4 - Independent Auditor's report; 5 - Consolidated income statement; 6 - Consolidated statement of comprehensive income; 7 - Consolidated balance sheet; 8 - Consolidated cash flow statement; 9 - Consolidated statement of changes in equity 10 - Notes to the consolidated financial statements; 11 - Company balance sheet; 12 - Notes to the Company financial statements

  15. Designing on-Board Data Handling for EDF (Electric Ducted Fan) Rocket

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mulyana, A.; Faiz, L. A. A.

    2018-02-01

    The EDF (Electric Ducted Fan) rocket to launch requires a system of monitoring, tracking and controlling to allow the rocket to glide properly. One of the important components in the rocket is OBDH (On-Board Data Handling) which serves as a medium to perform commands and data processing. However, TTC (Telemetry, Tracking, and Command) are required to communicate between GCS (Ground Control Station) and OBDH on EDF rockets. So the design control system of EDF rockets and GCS for telemetry and telecommand needs to be made. In the design of integrated OBDH controller uses a lot of electronics modules, to know the behavior of rocket used IMU sensor (Inertial Measurement Unit) in which consist of 3-axis gyroscope sensor and Accelerometer 3-axis. To do tracking using GPS, compass sensor as a determinant of the direction of the rocket as well as a reference point on the z-axis of gyroscope sensor processing and used barometer sensors to measure the height of the rocket at the time of glide. The data can be known in real-time by sending data through radio modules at 2.4 GHz frequency using XBee-Pro S2B to GCS. By using windows filter, noises can be reduced, and it used to guarantee monitoring and controlling system can work properly.

  16. Eficacia de una Intervención para Disminuir la Ansiedad frente a los Exámenes en Estudiantes Universitarios Argentinos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Furlan

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la efectividad de un programa para disminuir la ansiedad ante los exámenes, la procrastinación académica e incrementar la autoeficacia regulatoria, con 19 estudiantes universitarios de Argentina. El programa estimula el automonitoreo de las estrategias de aprendizaje implementadas, el aprendizaje de técnicas cognitivo-conductuales de control de la ansiedad y el ensayo anticipado de exámenes. Al comparar los resultados pre- y posintervención, se constataron mejorías moderadas. Se deben revisar los procedimientos para incrementar la adherencia al programa y la validez de los resultados.

  17. Nuclear Energy: A Competitive and Safe Option, The EDF Experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Colas, F.

    1998-01-01

    Today, nuclear energy seems challenged by fossil energies, especially gas. However, the 1997's French government survey over energy options still places nuclear energy at the top of the list. The reasons why and how safe nuclear energy is still competitive are detailed in this paper. Most recent data from EDF's reactor will be discussed in terms of environmental and electricity production issues. The methods and management used to attain these results are explained for the different phases: design, construction, operation, and maintenance. The beneficial aspects over industrial development and local employment will be underlined. The influence of nuclear energy on EDF's financial results are shown, from past programme to today's operation. As most of french reactors are designed to adapt their output to the changes of load in the national grid, results are, as a conclusion, discussed in a small and medium electrical grid perspective. (author)

  18. Equipping simulators with an advanced thermal hydraulics model EDF's experience

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Soldermann, R.; Poizat, F.; Sekri, A.; Faydide, B.; Dumas, J.M.

    1997-01-01

    The development of an accelerated version of the advanced CATHARe-1 thermal hydraulics code designed for EDF training simulators (CATHARE-SIMU) was successfully completed as early as 1991. Its successful integration as the principal model of the SIPA Post-Accident Simulator meant that its use could be extended to full-scale simulators as part of the renovation of the stock of existing simulators. In order to further extend the field of application to accidents occurring in shutdown states requiring action and to catch up with developments in respect of the CATHARE code, EDF initiated the SCAR Project designed to adapt CATHARE-2 to simulator requirements (acceleration, parallelization of the computation and extension of the simulation range). In other respects, the installation of SIPA on workstations means that the authors can envisage the application of this remarkable training facility to the understanding of thermal hydraulics accident phenomena

  19. Long history of "3"6Cl assessment of graphite waste by EDF engineering and the latest suggested developments. "3"6Cl assessment of EDF graphite waste and the latest suggested developments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poncet, B.

    2017-01-01

    About 17.000 tons of irradiated graphite waste will be produced from the decommissioning of the six gas-cooled nuclear reactors operated by Electricite De France (EDF) company. Determining the radionuclide content of this waste is an important legal commitment for both safety reasons and best suited management strategy. As evidenced by numerous studies nuclear graphite is a very complex material that cannot be considered on an analytical viewpoint as any usual homogeneous material. Radionuclide measurements in irradiated graphite exhibit very high discrepancies especially when corresponding to precursors at trace level. This huge discrepancy cannot be avoided and can be easily explained by Pierre Gy's theory of sampling applied to finely divided materials. The assessment of a radionuclide inventory only based on a few number of radiochemical measurements leads in most cases to a gross over- or under-estimation that can be detrimental to graphite waste management. Prior to 2005, the EDF initial version for the radiological inventory of graphite was based on the maximum values of the measures, namely a very pessimistic way. In 2008, a scientific method was developed by EDF to evaluate the inventory by reverse activation calculation, in order to limit the overestimation. The radiological inventory computation principles can be compared to those of all engineering studies. First, the calculation is simplified by taking margins, and if the results are not satisfactory enough, some simplifications are suppressed to reduce these margins even if computation becomes more complicated. On EDF piles, the gain obtained in 2008 represented a factor 50 relative to the initial version of "3"6Cl, even with a very penalizing multiplicative factor for uncertainty. Today, the accurate calculation of the uncertainty no longer justifies such a factor. A gain of about 150 now occurs compared to the initial version of "3"6Cl. It is more than 2 orders of magnitude, which is already enough

  20. EDF group - Reference Document, Annual Financial Report 2015

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    The EDF group is an integrated utility, active in all electricity businesses: nuclear, renewable and thermal generation, transmission, distribution, supply, efficiency and energy services and trading. It is the leading player in the French electricity market and holds strong positions in Europe (United Kingdom (UK), Italy, central and eastern European countries), which makes it one of the world's leading electric utility and a renowned gas player. With a global installed net generation capacity of 134.2 GWe as at 31 December 2015 producing 619.3 TWh, the Group has one of the largest generation fleet in the world. Among the ten largest global power suppliers, it produces the smallest amount of CO 2 per kilowatt-hour generated 2 thanks to the share of nuclear, hydro and other renewable energies in its generation mix. The EDF group supplies electricity, gas and related services to 37.6 million customer accounts 3 worldwide (of which 27.8 million in France). Electricity generation is a non-regulated activity, which is open to competition in the same way as the sale of electricity and gas and upstream/downstream optimisation. The Group is thus implementing an integrated model for the joint operational management of its portfolio of assets upstream (generation and procurement of energy and fuels) and downstream (wholesale and retail) to guarantee supply of energy to its customers through the best possible management of operational and market risks and with a view to maximising gross margin. In addition, the Group is also active in regulated sectors such as electricity transmission and distribution. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2015. It contains information about: the History and development of the Company, the organisation of the Group, the risk factors and control framework, the environmental and societal information - Human Resources, the corporate governance, The Group's performance in 2015 and

  1. EDF group - Reference Document, Annual Financial Report 2012

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2013-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy utility active in all areas of the electricity market: nuclear, renewable and fossil fuel energy generation, transmission, distribution and marketing, energy efficiency and management services, as well as energy trading. It is the leading player in the French electricity market, and holds strong positions in Europe (UK, Italy, Central and Eastern Europe) that make it one of the world's leading electricity utilities and a renowned player in the gas industry. With a net installed capacity of 139.5 GWe worldwide at 31 December 2012 (128.5 GWe in Europe), and global production of 642.6 TWh, the Group ranks among the world's leading energy utilities, with the biggest fleet emitting the least amount of CO 2 per kilowatt-hour generated 3 thanks to the proportion of nuclear, hydropower and other renewable energies in its generation mix. The EDF Group supplies electricity, gas and related services to more than 39.3 million customer accounts 4 worldwide (nearly 28.6 million in France). The Group's activities reflect the choice of a model balanced between France and international markets, spanning competitive and regulated operations and based on upstream-downstream integration. In 2012, the Group recorded consolidated revenue of euros 72.7 billion, operating profit before depreciation and amortisation of euros 16.1 billion and net income excluding non-recurring items of euros 4.2 billion. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2012. It contains information about: the Group activities, risk factors, Organisational charts, Property, plant and equipment, Operating and financial data, Cash flows and capital, Research and development, patents and licenses, Information on trends, Financial outlook, Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and Executive Management, Compensation and benefits, Functioning of administrative and management bodies, Employees - Human

  2. EDF group - Reference Document, Annual Financial Report 2013

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    The EDF Group is an integrated energy utility active in all areas of the electricity market: nuclear, renewable and fossil fuel energy generation, transmission, distribution and marketing, energy efficiency and management services, as well as energy trading. It is the leading player in the French electricity market, and holds strong positions in Europe (UK, Italy, Central and Eastern Europe) that make it one of the world's leading electricity utilities and a renowned player in the gas industry. With a net installed capacity of 140.4 GWe worldwide at 31 December 2013 and global production of 653.9 TWh, the Group ranks among the world's leading energy utilities, with the biggest fleet emitting the least amount of CO 2 per kilowatt-hour generated 2 thanks to the proportion of nuclear, hydropower and other renewable energies in its generation mix. The EDF Group supplies electricity, gas and related services to more than 39.1 million customer accounts 3 worldwide (nearly 28.5 million in France). The Group's activities reflect the choice of a model balanced between France and international markets, spanning competitive and regulated operations and based on upstream-downstream integration. In 2013, the Group recorded consolidated revenue of euros 75.6 billion, operating profit before depreciation and amortisation of euros 16.8 billion and net income excluding non-recurring items of euros 4.1 billion. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2013. It contains information about: the Group activities, Organisational charts, Property, plant and equipment, Operating and financial data, Cash flows and capital, Research and development, patents and licenses, Information on trends, Financial outlook, Administrative, management and supervisory bodies and Executive Management, Compensation and benefits, Functioning of administrative and management bodies, Employees - Human Resources, Major Shareholders, Related

  3. Layup practices at EDF PWR fleet and future developments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ramos, Olga Alos; Pablo, Sergio De Maria; Wintergerst, Matthieu

    2014-01-01

    A proper lay-up can only be achieved by plant specific lay-up procedures. The layup control practices are necessary to prevent corrosion damage during shutdown and are an important part of the life time extension of a nuclear power plant. EDF operational experience in this area confirms that damage to plant equipment from improper layup procedures is a cause of reduced plant reliability and availability and can increase the corrosion products ingress into the SG during start-up. The plant preservation strategy applied across the EDF fleet is based on the following principles: Anticipated time frame of the required layup: short-term outages can become long-term outages, and can necessitate the use of unplanned preservation techniques. Dry layup for a long-term outage of the condensate/feedwater system: condenser vacuum assisted draining at high temperature, estimation of air requirements (flow rate, humidity...) to guarantee the optimum conditions inside the system. Wet lay up for a short-term outage of the condensate/feedwater system: system filled with operating medium, avoiding air ingress into the system, injection of chemical agents if necessary. Dry lay-up or wet lay up for the steam generators depending on maintenance work or radiation protection needed. This article presents the EDF layup program and the improvements in layup practices. It provides information on the layup procedures, best practices and recommendations, operating experience, considerations for different durations of outages; the implementation of a preservation working group, the selection of the systems that will be included in the lay-up program. Finally, future developments will be presented, such as the development of a 'convective model' to determine air requirements (humidity, flow rate...) and the drying rate to dry a heat exchanger. (author)

  4. Chemistry evaluation in French EDF Nuclear Power Plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jacquier, Hervé

    2014-01-01

    The Nuclear Production Division of EDF is comprised of 19 power stations (58 PWR reactors) and 2 national engineering organisations. Nuclear Inspection (IN) is an internal assessment unit of the EDF Nuclear Production Directorate. At the request of the Directorate, it carries out periodic evaluations of all the units of the division. The evaluation of the nuclear sites (EGE: Overall Excellence Assessment) is carried out every 4 years, an intermediate evaluation is also carried out between each EGE. These evaluations are independent of the WANO and IAEA evaluations. Exchanges are carried out between Nuclear Inspection and the other international operators (for example, USA (INPO), England, China...) to share site evaluation methods. These evaluations are carried out by a team of 30 inspectors, reinforced during each evaluation by 10 peers who come from the various French nuclear sites. Nuclear Inspection produces a performance standards document for each FUNCTIONAL AREA, which is based on the requirements of the company. On the whole, 13 areas are evaluated during each inspection, in particular: Management, Operations, Maintenance, Engineering and Chemistry. The area of reactor plant chemistry has been evaluated since 2009. The Chemistry performance standards document is written from the EDF internal requirements and international references. During site evaluations, all the performance standards are assessed for compliance. The Chemistry performance standards document is comprised of 3 topics: Management of plant chemistry, The respect of the chemical and radiochemical specifications, The condition of the laboratories and the sampling lines, measuring equipment, and chemical products. The evaluations carried out make it possible to define strengths and weaknesses which the sites must address. After each evaluation, the assessment is presented to the site management and to the director of EDF Nuclear Production. For 4 years these evaluations have allowed progress to

  5. EDF Energy Holdings Limited, Registered Number 06930266, Annual report and financial statements 31 December 2015

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2016-01-01

    EDF Energy Holdings Limited and subsidiaries make up EDF Energy. The companies' principal activities are to provide and supply electricity and gas to commercial, residential and industrial customers, and to generate electricity through a portfolio of generation assets including nuclear, coal fired, gas and renewable generation. EDF Energy is also involved in the construction of new build nuclear assets. This document is the annual report and financial statements of the company for the year 2015. Contents: 1 - Strategic report; 2 - Directors' report; 3 - Directors' responsibility statement; 4 - Independent Auditor's report; 5 - Consolidated income statement; 6 - Consolidated statement of comprehensive income; 7 - Consolidated balance sheet; 8 - Consolidated cash flow statement; 9 - Consolidated statement of changes in equity 10 - Notes to the consolidated financial statements; 11 - Company balance sheet; 12 - Company statement of changes in equity; 13 - Notes to the Company financial statements

  6. Serial elongation, derotation and flexion (EDF) casting under general anesthesia and neuromuscular blocking drugs improve outcome in patients with juvenile scoliosis: preliminary results.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Canavese, Federico; Botnari, Alexei; Dimeglio, Alain; Samba, Antoine; Pereira, Bruno; Gerst, Adeline; Granier, Marie; Rousset, Marie; Dubousset, Jean

    2016-02-01

    Juvenile scoliosis (JS), among different types of spinal deformity, remains still a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Elongation, derotation and flexion (EDF) casting technique is a custom-made thoracolumbar cast based on a three-dimensional correction concept. The primary objective of the present study was to measure changes on plain radiographs of patients with JS treated with EDF plaster technique. The second aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EDF plaster technique realized under general anesthesia (GA) and neuromuscular blocking drugs, i.e. curare, on the radiological curve correction. A retrospective comparative case series study was performed in which were included forty-four skeletally immature patients. Three patient groups were selected. Group 1: EDF cast applied with patients awaken and no anesthesia; Group 2: EDF cast applied under GA without neuromuscular blocking drugs; Group 3: EDF cast applied under GA with neuromuscular blocking drugs. All the patients were treated with two serial EDF casts by 2 months and a half each. All measurements were taken from the radiographic exams. Cobb's angle; RVAD and Nash and Moe grade of rotation were assessed before and after applying the cast. Thirty-four (77.3 %) patients were followed up at least 24 months after removal of last EDF cast. Eighteen patients (3 males, 15 females) were included in Group 1, 12 (2 males, 10 females) in Group 2 and 14 (5 males, 9 females) in Group 3. Serial EDF casting was more effective at initial curve reduction and in preventing curve progression when applied under GA with neuromuscular blocking drugs, i.e. curare. RVAD and Nash and Moe score improved significantly in all groups of patients treated according to principles of EDF technique. During follow-up period, six patients required surgery in Group 1 (6/18; 33.3 %), 3 patients required surgery in Group 2 (3/12; 25 %) and 2 patients underwent surgery in Group 3 (2/14; 15 %). Preliminary results show EDF casting is

  7. EDF experience with open-quotes hot spotclose quotes management

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guio, J.M. de

    1995-01-01

    During the past few years, open-quotes hot spotsclose quotes due to the presence of particles of metal activated during their migration through the reactor core, have been detected at several French pressurized water reactor (PWR) units. These open-quotes hot spots,close quotes which generate very high dose rates (from about 10 Gy/h to 200 G/h) are a significant factor in increase occupational exposures during outrates. Of particular concern are the difficult cases which prolong outage duration and increase the volume of radiological waste. Confronted with this situation, Electricite de France (EDF) has set up a national research group, as part of its ALARA program, to establish procedures and techniques to avoid, detect, and eliminate of hot spots. In particular, specific processes have been developed to eliminate these hot spots which are most costly in terms of occupational exposure due to the need for reactor maintenance. This paper sets out the general approach adopted at EDF so far to cope with the problem of hot spots, illustrated by experience at Blayais 3 and 4

  8. SIROCCO project: 15 advanced instructor desk and 4 simulated control room for 900MW and 1300MW EDF power plant simulators

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alphonse, J.; Roth, P.; Sicard, Y.; Rudelli, P.

    2006-01-01

    This presentation describes the fifteen advanced instructors station and four simulated control delivered to EDF in the frame of the SIROCCO project by the Consortium formed by ATOS Origin, CORYS Tess, for the Electricite de France (EDF). These instructor stations are installed on fifteen replica training simulators located on different sites throughout France for the purposes of improving the job-related training of the EDF PWR nuclear power plant operating teams. This covers all 900 MW and 1300MW nuclear power plant of EDF. The simulated control rooms are installed on maintenance platform located at EDF and the consortium facilities. The consortium uses it to maintain and upgrade the simulators. EDF uses it to validate the upgrade delivered by the consortium before on site installation and to perform engineering analysis. This presentation sets out successively: - The major advantages of the generic and configurable connected module concept for flexible and quick adaptation to different simulators; - The innovative functionalities of the advanced Instructor Desk (IS) which make the instructor's tasks of preparation, monitoring and postanalysis of a training session easier and more homogeneous; - The use of the Simulated Control Room (SCR) for training purposes but also for those of maintenance and design studies for upgrades of existing control rooms

  9. Advanced CFD simulation for the assessment of nuclear safety issues at EDF. Some examples

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vare, Christophe

    2014-01-01

    EDF R and D has computer power that puts it amongst the top industrial research centers in the world. Its supercomputers and in-house codes as well as its experts represent important capabilities to support EDF activities (safety analyses, support to the design of new reactors, analysis of accidental situations non reproducible by experiments, better understanding of physics or complex system response, effects of uncertainties and identification of prominent parameters, qualification and optimization of processes and materials...). Advanced numerical simulation is a powerful tool allowing EDF to increase its competitiveness, improve its performance and the safety of its plants. On this issue, EDF made the choice to develop its own in-house codes, instead of using commercial software, in order to be able to capitalize its expertise and methodologies. This choice allowed as well easier technological transfer to the concerned business units or engineering divisions, fast adaptation of our simulation tools to emerging needs and the development of specific physics or functionalities not addressed by the commercial offer. During the last ten years, EDF has decided to open its in-house codes, through the Open Source way. This is the case for Code – Aster (structure analysis), Code – Saturne (computational fluid dynamics, CFD), TELEMAC (flow calculations in aquatic environment), SALOME (generic platform for Pre and Post-Processing) and SYRTHES (heat transfer in complex geometries), among others. The 3 open source software: Code – Aster, Code – Saturne and TELEMAC, are certified by the French Nuclear Regulatory Authority for many «Important to Safety» studies. Advanced simulation, which treats complex, multi-field and multi-physics problems, is of great importance for the assessment of nuclear safety issues. This paper will present 2 examples of advanced simulation using Code – Saturne for safety issues of nuclear power plants in the fields of R and D and

  10. Make use of EDF orientations in PWR fuel management

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gloaguen, A.

    1989-01-01

    The EDF experience acquired permits to allow the PWR fuel performances and to make use of better management. In this domain low progress can be given considerable financial profits. The industrial and commercial structures, the time constant of the fuel cycle, has for consequence that the electric utilities can take advantage only progressively of the expected profits [fr

  11. Energy efficiency: EDF Optimal Solutions improves the l'Oreal firm of Vichy; Efficacite energetique: EDF Optimal Solutions ameliore l'usine l'Oreal de Vichy

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Anon.

    2011-09-15

    The l'Oreal CAP site has inaugurated its energetic eco-efficiency installations realized by EDF Optimal Solutions. This solution combines several techniques and makes possible to halve its yearly CO{sub 2} releases. (O.M.)

  12. Ansiedad ante exámenes y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de secundaria de Lima Metropolitana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alberto A. Alegre

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El estudio buscó determinar la relación entre la ansiedad ante exámenes y las estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de cuarto y quinto grados de educación secundaria de colegios estatales de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra se obtuvo por un procedimiento intencional, evaluándose a 469 estudiantes, siendo el 45.6% de sexo masculino y el 54.4% femenino, pertenecientes a cuatro colegios estatales de Lima Metropolitana. Se evaluó a los estudiantes con el Cuestionario de Ansiedad y Rendimiento – CAR y la Escala de Estrategias de Aprendizaje – ACRA. Se encontró que la ansiedad ante exámenes (puntuaciones en sus tres dimensiones: preocupación, emocionalidad y facilitación y las estrategias de aprendizaje (puntuaciones en sus cuatro dimensiones: adquisición, codificación, recuperación y apoyo al procesamiento de la información presentaron correlaciones bajas y en algunos casos negativas; siendo todas estas significativas.

  13. The law that threatens EdF's monopoly

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupin, L.

    2010-01-01

    The French house of commons has examined the bill about the new organisation of the French electricity market (Nome in French). Its goal is to reform the actual market and to create a real competition. The bill has five stakes: to put an end to the European dispute, to give to EdF's competitors an access to its nuclear production, to improve the management of consumption peaks, to harmonize the generation and the consumption prices, to prepare the French market to the real competition. (J.S.)

  14. EDF nuclear fuel cycle: report for the HCTISN meeting on the 20 of November 2009

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2009-01-01

    The first part of this report describes the different steps of the EDF fuel cycle and the associated flows: overview, description of each step (natural uranium mines, enrichment, fabrication, production in reactors, processing, recycling). The second part deals with valuable materials and wastes (history of waste flows since 1994, MOX flows since 1994). It presents supply sources and flows (diversification to ensure supply safety, flows among different supply steps) and actions performed by EDF to promote information. Some propositions are given to improve information

  15. EDF view on next generation reactor safety and operability issues

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Serviere, G.

    2002-01-01

    In the foreseeable future, EDF will have to compete in an economically de-regulated market. Nuclear currently accounts for more than 80% of the electricity generated by the company, and generation costs are quite competitive compared to that of other competing energies. It is so likely that nuclear units will remain the backbone of EDF generating fleet in the years to come. However, to remain a viable option for electricity generation in the longer term, nuclear will have to maintain both its cost-effectiveness and a very high safety level. This could seem quite straightforward considering the current situation where safety records are at an all time high and Operating and Maintenance costs are under tight control. In fact, it could be a real challenge. Competing fossil technologies progress and there is a concurrent trend to try and improve the performance of future nuclear units. However, in most cases, proposed designs depart from the well-known Light Water Reactor (LWR) technology. They are either new concepts or designs already tested in the past and modified to address some of their perceived drawbacks. Contrary to the prevailing situation where short-term alternatives like the EPR, the ABWR or the AP600 largely build upon experience gathered on operating units, most designs contemplated for implementation beyond 2020 or 2030 cannot be considered proven. Considering the above mentioned uncertainties, EDF have confirmed their preference for proven designs with higher outputs, such as the EPR. However, it would appear unreasonable to consider that new designs are doomed to fail: they could well turn out to be adequate for specific niches in a de-regulated market and provide reasonable alternatives for the utility. Nevertheless, for such an alternative to be considered, additional evidence is needed that utility preferences are reflected in the design, and that all potential technical issues have been identified, adequately addressed and resolved. Currently, EDF

  16. The functioning of the reactors G2-G3 at Marcoule and E.D.F. 1; Experience de fonctionnement des reacteurs G2-G3 de Marcoule et enseignements des essais de demarrage du reacteur E.D.F. 1 de Chinon

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Boussard, R; Conte, F [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Stolz, J M [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1964-07-01

    After resuming briefly the characteristics of the installations G2-G3 at Marcoule and EDF 1 at Chinon, the authors review the main aspects of the tests, the starting and the exploitation of these reactors. Among the various points examined, particular emphasis is given to the devices of original nature such as tubular fuel elements, flattening of the neutron flux by stuffing, behaviour of the reactor tanks and the cooling circuits, the blowers, unloading devices, regulation and functioning of the informations. This analysis deals equally with the performances obtained and the difficulties and the various incidents experienced during the initial starting period. Among the more interesting results, the progressive increase in the power of the Marcoule reactors is mentioned, obtained through a better knowledge of the parameters covering the functioning of the reactors such as the distribution of the flux and the temperatures etc... acquired during the course of the exploitation of the reactor. The conclusion reached by the authors is that the experience gained on these installations has shown: - that during an initial period, adjustments became necessary, all of which turned out to be possible, - that an analysis of their functioning has permitted the progressive movement towards a truly industrial exploitation. (authors) [French] Les auteurs, apres un bref rappel des caracteristiques des installations G2 - G3 de MARCOULE et E.D.F. 1 de CHINON, passent en revue les principaux aspects des essais, de la mise en service et de l'exploitation de ces centrales. Parmi les divers points examines, une attention speciale est accordee aux dispositifs presentant un caractere original tels que elements combustibles tubulaires, aplatissement du flux neutronique par gavage, comportement des caissons des reacteurs et des circuits de refroidissement, soufflantes, appareils de dechargement, regulation et fonctionnement des informations. L'analyse presentee porte tant sur les

  17. Assessment of public safety around EDF facilities

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Poupart, M. [Electricite de France, Paris (France)

    2004-09-01

    Electricite de France (EDF) recognizes that a dam's structural resistance and its capacity to withstand heavy flooding are 2 of the most significant safety aspects for hydroelectric power stations. However, in addition to dam failure, there are safety risks for the public who frequent the rivers up and down stream from the dam, as well as on property and the environment. A fatal accident which occurred in 1995 down river from EDF's Monteynard hydroelectric facility on the Drac River prompted the utility to take measures to improve control over this type of hazard. Collaboration with public authorities led to an action plan to educate the public about possible danger areas and to improve methods of reducing risks. Regulations regarding access to these areas were also studied along with ways of informing and warning the public. All the stretches of river directly above and below the power stations and dams were listed systematically and a qualitative analysis was carried out of any possible dangers. This led to changes in operating rules, technical instructions and power plant operating regulations. Certain areas are designated as prohibited areas, such as places subject to hazards caused by violent and unexpected water discharges. This paper outlined the Hydraulic Safety Significant Event (HSSE) classification which relates to an operational event related to water that is liable to affect human beings, the environment, water level or flow rate. 9 figs.

  18. Contribution of statistic to the industrial problems of maintenance at EDF; Apport de la statistique a la problematique industrielle de la maintenance chez EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cagnac, A.; Hervouet, C.; Bonnevialle, A.M.; Remy, E. [Electricite de France (EDF-RD), 78 - Chatou (France); Gay, N. [Electricite de France (EDF DPN), 93 - Saint-Denis (France)

    2006-07-01

    EDF/R and D was requested to take part in a program launched by EDF/DPN. The objective is to deal with the ASN request (Nuclear Safety Authorities), aiming at evaluating the feasibility of zero-leakage of the Steam Generators tube bundle during Primary Hydraulic Test (PHT) which will be carried out within the next decennial visits. A way to satisfy this objective is to plug the SG's tubes that can potentially contribute to the leakage. However, it is necessary to choose carefully the SG tubes to plug, in order to both, reduce significantly the SG's leak-flow during the test and limit the number of plugged tubes, which would imply an anticipation of the steam generator replacement. Within this framework, EDF/R and D/MRI carried out a preliminary statistical analysis from the feedback experience of the hydraulic tests carried out on units at the time of their first and second decennial visits. The goal was to identify, based on the control databases, the characteristics of the most contributing tubes to the leakage. The model obtained makes it possible to predict whether a steam generator will be leaky or not at the time of the hydraulic test, according to its state of cracking. The model provides a probability of considering the steam generator as leaky according to the sum of crack-lengths higher than a given threshold. This model was practically applied for the first time in 2005 in order to optimise the choice of the tubes to plug before the primary hydraulic test of the steam generators of a nuclear unit. Due to this optimised plugging, the leak-flows in PHT were sufficiently low and ensured the provisional life duration of these steam generators. (authors)

  19. EDF's approach to determine specifications for nuclear power plant bulk chemicals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Basile, Alix; Dijoux, Michel; Le-Calvar, Marc; Gressier, Frederic; Mole, Didier

    2012-09-01

    Chemical impurities in the primary, secondary and auxiliary nuclear power plants circuits generate risks of corrosion of the fuel cladding, steel and nickel based alloys. The PMUC (Products and Materials Used in plants) organization established by EDF intends to limit this risk by specifying maximum levels of impurities in products and materials used for the operation and maintenance of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). Bulk chemicals specifications, applied on primary and secondary circuit chemicals and hydrogen and nitrogen gases, are particularly important to prevent chemical species to be involved in the corrosion of the NPPs materials. The application of EDF specifications should lead to reasonably exclude any risk of degradation of the first and second containment barriers and auxiliary circuits Important to Safety (IPS) by limiting the concentrations of chlorides, fluorides, sulfates... The risk of metal embrittlement by elements with low melting point (mercury, lead...) is also included. For the primary circuit, the specifications intend to exclude the risk of activation of impurities introduced by the bulk chemicals. For the first containment barrier, to reduce the risk of deposits like zeolites, PMUC products specifications set limit values for calcium, magnesium, aluminum and silica. EDF's approach for establishing specifications for bulk chemicals is taking also into account the capacity of industrial production, as well as costs, limitations of analytical control methods (detection limits) and environmental releases issues. This paper aims to explain EDF's approach relative to specifications of impurities in bulk chemicals. Also presented are the various parameters taken into account to determine the maximum pollution levels in the chemicals, the theoretical hypothesis to set the specifications and the calculation method used to verify that the specifications are suitable. (authors)

  20. The position of Electricite de France (EDF) on the European Commission strategy against acidification; Position de l`Electricite de France (EDF) sur la strategie de lutte contre l`acidification de la commission europeenne

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bartaire, J.G. [Electricite de France (EDF), 94 - Vitry-sur-Seine (France)

    1997-12-31

    Electricite de France (EDF), the French national power utility, presents several observations on the European Union 1997 project for the reduction of air pollution and acidification in Europe. Although EDF is globally approving the European Commission determination for a common strategy, several points are pinned, which are related to the necessity of technical-economical impact analysis of the strategy, the synchronization with the sulfur protocol and the projected United Nation protocol, a stronger consideration of emission sources others than power plants, the consideration of national specificities, situation in Eastern Europe, and limitations in the reliability of models and tools used by the Commission

  1. Station blackout: Deterministic and probabilistic approach in the field of electrical supply losses by EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Meslin, T.; Carnino, A.

    1986-01-01

    This example shows the thoroughness of EDF's approach in processing the difficult problems of the loss of electrical power supplies. Efforts are continuing in several directions: continued revision and improvement of operating procedures in the event of loss of electrical power supplies, PWR plant operator training courses devoted to the problems of power supply losses, and continued testing on simulators, and particularly testing under real conditions, including tests lasting several hours made possible by the performance of the new EDF simulators (two-phase code and taking all power losses into account)

  2. Strengthening the radiation protection culture: a priority of EDF radiation protection policy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Garcier, Y.

    2006-01-01

    Full text of publication follows: In order to improve the management of radiation protection at EDF nuclear power plants, the Human Factors Group of the Research and Development Division of EDF has performed some studies on the appropriation process of the radiation protection requirements. These studies have notably shown that an efficient application of the radiation protection requirements lies on a comprehension by all workers of the meaning of these requirements. Furthermore, they should not be applied under the constraint or because of the fear of a sanction, but the workers need to perceive and understand the benefits in terms of protection associated with the radiation protection requirements. The strengthening of the radiation protection culture is therefore a key element of the radiation protection policy developed by EDF. This culture lies on an awareness of the health risks potentially associated with low levels of ionising radiations, as well as on the knowledge of tools, techniques and good practices developed to control the level of exposures and improve the radiation protection. Various type of actions have been undertaken to reinforce among the relevant players (exposed and non-exposed workers, contractors, all levels of management,... ) an awareness of radiation protection in order to integrate it in their day to day work: elaboration of a 'radiation protection system of reference' explaining how the radiation protection regulatory requirements are applied at EDF, publication of a 'radiation protection handbook' available for all workers (including contractors), training sessions, creation of networks of specialists from the various nuclear power plants on specific radiation protection issues, organisation of feed-back experience forum, etc. Beyond these specific actions, i t is also important to ensure a support and an assistance on the field by dedicated specialists. In this perspective, the health physicists have to play a key role in order to

  3. EDF group - Reference Document, Annual Financial Report 2016

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2017-01-01

    The EDF group is an integrated energy company, active in all electricity businesses: nuclear, renewable and thermal generation, transmission (activity handled by RTE, share-holding consolidated resorting to the equity method), distribution (handled by Enedis), sales and marketing, efficiency and energy services and energy trading. It is the leading player in the French electricity market and holds strong positions in Europe (mainly in the United Kingdom (UK), Italy and Belgium), which makes it one of the world's leading electric energy companies and a renowned gas player. With a global installed net generation capacity of 132.3 GWe 2 as at 31 December 2016, generating 583.9 TWh, the Group has one of the largest generation fleets in the world. Among the ten largest global power suppliers, it produces the smallest amount of CO 2 per kilowatt-hour generated 3 thanks to the share of nuclear, hydro and other renewable energies in its generation mix. The EDF group supplies electricity, gas and related services to 37.1 million customer accounts 4 worldwide (of which 26.2 million in France). Electricity generation is a non-regulated activity, which is open to competition in the same way as the sale of electricity and gas and upstream/downstream optimisation. The Group is thus implementing an integrated model for the joint operational management of its portfolio of assets upstream (generation and procurement of energy and fuels) and downstream (wholesale and retail) to guarantee supply of energy to its customers through the best possible management of operational and market risks and with a view to maximising gross margin. In addition, the Group is also present in regulated sectors such as electricity transmission and distribution, in particular via RTE and Enedis, respectively, which are fully independent subsidiaries as for the purposes of the Energy Code. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2016. It contains

  4. EDF group - Reference Document, Annual Financial Report 2011

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-01-01

    The EDF group is an integrated energy company with a presence in a wide range of electricity-related businesses: nuclear, renewable and fossil-fuel fired energy production, transmission, distribution, marketing as well as energy management and efficiency services, along with energy trading. It is France's leading electricity operator and has a strong position in Europe (United Kingdom, Italy, countries in Central and Eastern Europe), making it one of the world's leading electrical providers as well as a recognized player in the gas industry. With a worldwide net installed capacity of 134.6 GWe as of 31 December 2011 (124.2 GWe in Europe) and global energy generation of 628.2 TWh, the Group has one of the largest generating capacities of all the major worldwide energy corporations with the lowest level of CO 2 emissions per KWh generated due to the proportion of nuclear, hydroelectric power and other renewable energies in its generation mix. The EDF group supplies electricity, gas and associated services to more than 37.7 million customer accounts worldwide (including nearly 27.9 million in France). The Group's businesses reflect its adoption of a model aimed at finding the best balance between French and international activities, competitive and regulated operations and based on an upstream-downstream integration. In 2011, the Group's consolidated sales revenues was 65.3 billion Euros, earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization came to 14.8 billion Euros, and net income excluding non-recurring items stood at 3.5 billion Euros. This document is EDF Group's Reference Document and Annual Financial Report for the year 2012. It contains information about: the Group activities, risk factors, Investments, Business, Strategy, Organisational charts, Property, plant and equipment, Operating and financial review, Cash flows and capital, Research and development, patents and licenses, Information on trends, Financial outlook

  5. Aerodynamic and thermal studies of cans of gas cooled fuel elements; Etudes aerodynamiques et thermiques de gaines d'elements combustibles refroidis par gaz

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gelin, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Milliat, J P [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1964-07-01

    l'amelioration des grappes et s'est ensuite poursuivie dans les deux Laboratoires pour le refroidissement interne des elements combustibles annulaires. Au fur et a mesure de l'avancement de ces etudes, les moyens d'essais se sont amplifies tandis que les methodes experimentales n'ont cesse de s'ameliorer. Actuellement, les deux Laboratoires, qui travaillent en pleine collaboration, disposent de moyens puissants. Pour les grappes, l'effort a surtout porte sur les pertes de charge dues aux pieces d'assemblage et sur les variations de temperature autour des elements de la grappe. On est arrive ainsi a determiner d'une facon satisfaisante les points chauds de gaine, les deformations des crayons et les conditions de stabilite de ces deformations. Pour les gaines a chevrons, les etudes ont porte, d'une part sur l'evolution des performances en fonction des parametres geometriques, et, d'autre part sur les singularites aerodynamiques et thermiques creees tant par les ailettes que par les interruptions de cartouche. Ces etudes ont abouti a une connaissance tres complete des cartouches choisies pour les reacteurs EDF2 et EDF3, et ouvrent maintenant des perspectives tres encourageantes pour les reacteurs a venir, en particulier les reacteurs equipes d'elements annulaires; parmi les solutions convenant a la gaine interne de l'element annulaire, les corrugations et les ailettes longitudinales ont fait l'objet d'essais assez etendus dans une large plage de nombre de Reynolds. (auteurs)

  6. EDF's (Electricite de France) in service control for GCR type reactor vessels

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Douillet, M.G.

    1979-01-01

    This paper presents the performance of the data acquisition and processing systems developed by the French EDF for controlling and testing the mechanical properties (thermal stress, deformations, cracks,...) of prestressed concrete vessels for GCR type reactors

  7. Lay-up practices at EDF PWR fleet and future developments

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alos Ramos, O.; Wintergest, M.; De Maria Pablo, S.; Postic, A.; Courtaudiere, J.P.; Fournier, C.; Vialette, R.; Waeber, J.; Couturier, D.; Robillart, P.

    2015-01-01

    A proper lay-up can only be achieved by plant specific lay-up procedures. The lay-up control practices are necessary to prevent corrosion damage during shut down and are an important part of the life extension of a nuclear power plant. EDF operational experience in this area confirms that damage to plant equipment from improper lay-up procedures is a cause of reduced plant reliability and availability and can increase the corrosion products ingress into the SG during start-up. This article presents the EDF lay-up program and the improvement of lay-up practices. It provides information on the lay-up procedures, best practices and recommendations, operating experience, considerations for different durations of outages; the implementation of a preservation working group, the selection of the systems that will be included in the lay-up program and the material damage characterization in some auxiliary systems. Finally, future developments will be presented, such as the development of a 'convective model' to determine air requirements (humidity, flow rate...) and the drying rate to dry a heat exchanger. (authors)

  8. EDF experience with {open_quotes}hot spot{close_quotes} management

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Guio, J.M. de [Blayais Nuclear Power Plant, St. Ciers (France)

    1995-03-01

    During the past few years, {open_quotes}hot spots{close_quotes} due to the presence of particles of metal activated during their migration through the reactor core, have been detected at several French pressurized water reactor (PWR) units. These {open_quotes}hot spots,{close_quotes} which generate very high dose rates (from about 10 Gy/h to 200 G/h) are a significant factor in increase occupational exposures during outrates. Of particular concern are the difficult cases which prolong outage duration and increase the volume of radiological waste. Confronted with this situation, Electricite de France (EDF) has set up a national research group, as part of its ALARA program, to establish procedures and techniques to avoid, detect, and eliminate of hot spots. In particular, specific processes have been developed to eliminate these hot spots which are most costly in terms of occupational exposure due to the need for reactor maintenance. This paper sets out the general approach adopted at EDF so far to cope with the problem of hot spots, illustrated by experience at Blayais 3 and 4.

  9. EDF - Half-year 2014 results up. Good operating performance. 2014 targets and 2018 vision reiterated

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trivi, Carole; Boissezon, Carine de; Hidra, Kader

    2014-01-01

    Significant advances for EDF over the last six months, highlighted by: - good results, - higher nuclear output in France and the United Kingdom, - strict financial discipline with costs cut by 1.8% in France, - further strengthening of the Group's financial structure, with an indebtedness ratio of less than 2x. EDF's half-year 2014 results: - EBITDA: euro 9.6 billion, +3.1% or 2.8% in organic terms; - EBITDA excluding Edison: euro 9.2 billion, +5.6% or 5.3% organic growth; - Net income excluding non-recurring items: euro 3.2 billion, +2.8%; - Net income - Group share: euro 3.1 billion, +8.3%; - Nuclear output up: France +1.6 TWh, United Kingdom +2.0 TWh; - Net financial debt/EBITDA: 1.9x vs. 2.1x at 31 December 2013; - Finalization of transaction with Dalkia: On 25 July 2014, EDF and Veolia Environnement announced the finalization of the agreement on their joint subsidiary Dalkia. The deal will provide the Group with new development prospects in the area of energy services, in France and abroad

  10. EDF, a utility and its own needs in the field of transport of nuclear materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gouin, P.; Mignot, E.; Hoang, L.P.

    1989-01-01

    As one of the most important producers of nuclear electricity in the world, EDF is concerned by all the aspects of the transport of nuclear materials and more particularly by those related to the nuclear fuel cycle. EDF is not itself a specialist in this field and most of the transports along the nuclear fuel cycle is done for their own account by their usual partners such as COGEMA or TRANSNUCLEAIRE. Since the beginning of the French nuclear program, they have generally used for these transports casks that already exist on the market and which were well suited to their needs. Nevertheless, new and specific needs appeared during the progress of their nuclear program and have lead them to: study and build new casks or packages, use existing casks for new purposes, develop a device for the measurement of fuel assemblies burn up, develop a software to optimize the evacuation of irradiated fuel for reprocessing. The purpose of this paper is to describe these realization but as a preliminary, they will present briefly the importance of the transport of nuclear materials for EDF

  11. Colección de exámenes de la asignatura Aplicación de Ordenadores 2005 – 2011: fundamentos de programación y algoritmia

    OpenAIRE

    Quereda Gómez, Emmanuel David; Bañón Blázquez, Luis

    2011-01-01

    Esta divulgación docente recoge los ejercicios resueltos de aquellos exámenes realizados durante los curso 2005-2011, correspondientes a la asignatura Aplicación de Ordenadores de 3º curso de la titulación de Ingeniería Técnica de Obras Públicas de la Escuela Politécnica Superior de la Universidad de Alicante. El contenido de esta colección de exámenes versa sobre fundamentos de programación y algoritmos.

  12. EDF - 2006 full-year results, 2006 Financial report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gadonneix, Pierre

    2007-04-01

    As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2006 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2006: Consolidated income statements, Consolidated balance sheets, Consolidated cash flow statements, Changes in consolidated equity, Notes: Group accounting policies, Summary of accounting and valuation methods, Public distribution concessions in France, Comparability, Significant events and transactions of 2006 and 2005, Changes in the scope of consolidation, Segment reporting, Sales, Fuel and energy purchases, Other external expenses, Contractual obligations and commitments, Personnel expenses, Other operating income and expenses, Impairments / reversals, Other income and expenses, Financial result, Income taxes, Goodwill, Other intangible assets, Property, plant and equipment, Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method, Financial assets, Inventories including work-in-process, Trade receivables, Other receivables, Cash and cash equivalents, Held-for-sale assets and liabilities, Equity, Provisions, Special concession liabilities, Current and non-current financial liabilities, Derivatives, Other liabilities, Contribution of joint ventures, Related parties, Environment, Subsequent events, Transition to standards IAS 32 and 39 concerning financial instruments, Scope of consolidation

  13. Nuclear tourists: the challenge of EDF's production sites accessibility, 1974-1991

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lopez, Fanny

    2014-01-01

    This article focuses on the evolution of accessibility of Electricite de France (EDF) production sites when the country chose energy independence in 1974. If the nuclear program seems to be at the origins of French industrial tourism, which process made these energy plants a touristic attraction?

  14. EDF - 2007 results, 2007 Financial report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gadonneix, Pierre

    2008-01-01

    As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2007 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2007: Consolidated income statements; Consolidated balance sheets; Consolidated cash flow statements; Changes in consolidated equity; Notes to the consolidated financial statements: Group accounting standards; Summary of the principal accounting and valuation methods; Public electricity distribution concessions in France and concession agreements for other activities; Comparability; Significant events and transactions of 2007 and 2006; Changes in the scope of consolidation; Segment reporting; Sales; Fuel and energy purchases; Other external expenses; Contractual obligations and commitments; Personnel expenses; Other operating income and expenses; Impairments / reversals; Other operating income and expenses; Financial result; Income taxes; Goodwill; Other intangible assets; Property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; Property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; Property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the Group; Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method; Current and non-current financial assets; Inventories, including work-in-process; Trade receivables; Other receivables; Cash and cash equivalents; Held-for-sale assets and liabilities; Equity; Provisions; Specific French public electricity distribution concession liabilities for existing assets and assets to be replaced; Current and non

  15. Nuclear Safety: Our Overriding Priority. EDF Group Report 2015 in response to FTSE4Good Nuclear Criteria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maillart, H.

    2015-01-01

    EDF is the world's leading nuclear operator with 74.8 GW of installed capacity in France, the United Kingdom and the United States, an EPR under construction in France, and 2 EPRs under construction in China through TNPJVC (EDF 30%), a joint venture with CGNPC. As such, EDF acts at all stages in the life of its power plants (design, construction, operation, decommissioning) to: - ensure rigorous operation of facilities; - prevent all incidents and accidents; - reduce the impact of any incidents or accidents that might nevertheless occur. The main safety measures were published in a single document in 2015 setting out the Group's nuclear safety policy. Each nuclear operating company inside the Group acts in compliance with the legal obligations and regulations specific to its host country. Each company works to ensure and continuously improve its safety performance with its own methods, skills and values. The EDF Group respects national differences. At the same time it frames common principles to deliver the highest level of incident prevention and protection of the public, workers and the environment. This policy applies to new projects (overall architecture, design and construction) and all existing plants (operation, maintenance, waste management, decommissioning and engineering). The Group works closely with its industrial partners to deliver these objectives. Each company is responsible for the proper operation of its nuclear activities, and delegates responsibilities appropriately to each level of management or operation. The Group guarantees the allocation of resources needed to ensure nuclear safety. An in-house independent nuclear safety function is in place at power plant level, company level and Group level. Each has a duty to alert senior management of inappropriate or inadequate line management response. Nuclear safety is the absolute priority for the EDF Group at every stage of the plant life-cycle. Each company is responsible for ensuring that its

  16. A restructuring of the CF/EDF packages for the MIDAS computer code

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, S.H.; Kim, K.R.; Kim, D.H.

    2004-01-01

    The CF and EDF packages, which allow the user to define the functions of variables in a database and the usage of an external data file, have been restructured for the MIDAS computer code. MIDAS is being developed as an integrated severe accident analysis code with a user-friendly graphical user interface and a modernized data structure. To restructure the code, the data transferring methods of the current MELCOR code are modified and then partially adopted into the CF/EDF packages. The data structure of the current MELCOR code using FORTRAN77 has a difficulty in grasping the meaning of the variables as pointers are used to define their addresses. New features of FORTRAN90 make it possible to allocate the storage dynamically and to use the user-defined data type without pointers leading to an efficient memory treatment and an easy understanding of the code. Restructuring of the CF/EDF packages addressed in this paper includes a module development and subroutine modification. The verification has been done by comparing the results of the modified code with those of the existing code and the trends are almost the same to each other. Therefore the similar approach could be extended to the entire code package for code restructuring. It is expected that the code restructuring will accelerate the code's domestication thanks to a direct understanding of each variable and an easy implementation of the modified or newly developed models. (author)

  17. EDF. Group dynamics and activities. Competitive environment and strategic perspectives. Release - October 2017

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2017-10-01

    After a synthesis, this report proposes a presentation of the EDF Group (general overview, activities, human resources, share-holding structure, stock market data). It gives an overview of the EDF Group dynamics and of its activities: environment analysis (world electric power production, power consumption in France, regulated and spot prices, turnover in France and per area and market segment), performance analysis, and competitive analysis (comparison with the main European energy companies). It analyses the different development axes and discusses main events regarding the consolidation of nuclear activities, investments in renewable energies, withdrawal from coal and fuel, diversification in energy services, and financial consolidation. Financial data are presented along with the main economic and financial indicators. Important statistical data are provided

  18. A Comparison between Fixed Priority and EDF Scheduling accounting for Cache Related Pre-emption Delays

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Will Lunniss

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available In multitasking real-time systems, the choice of scheduling algorithm is an important factor to ensure that response time requirements are met while maximising limited system resources. Two popular scheduling algorithms include fixed priority (FP and earliest deadline first (EDF. While they have been studied in great detail before, they have not been compared when taking into account cache related pre-emption delays (CRPD. Memory and cache are split into a number of blocks containing instructions and data. During a pre-emption, cache blocks from the pre-empting task can evict those of the pre-empted task. When the pre-empted task is resumed, if it then has to re-load the evicted blocks, CRPD are introduced which then affect the schedulability of the task. In this paper we compare FP and EDF scheduling algorithms in the presence of CRPD using the state-of-the-art CRPD analysis. We find that when CRPD is accounted for, the performance gains offered by EDF over FP, while still notable, are diminished. Furthermore, we find that under scenarios that cause relatively high CRPD, task layout optimisation techniques can be applied to allow FP to schedule tasksets at a similar processor utilisation to EDF. Thus making the choice of the task layout in memory as important as the choice of scheduling algorithm. This is very relevant for industry, as it is much cheaper and simpler to adjust the task layout through the linker than it is to switch the scheduling algorithm.

  19. ¿Qué hay detrás del miedo a los exámenes?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Sender

    Full Text Available Introducción: Se analizan las características psicológicas de una muestra de 32 estudiantes de medicina que solicitan ayuda para afrontar el miedo a los exámenes. Material y método: Las pruebas seleccionadas para el análisis de esta población son el GHQ-28, el STAI de rasgo, la escala de percepción de estrés del UNCAHS y la Sensibilidad al Castigo y a la Recompensa (SCRS. Los puntajes obtenidos se compararon con los de un grupo control de estudiantes de primer curso. Resultados: 90 % de los sujetos de la muestra fueron mujeres y el 25 % recibieron o estaban recibiendo atención psicológica o psiquiátrica. Entre los estudiantes que solicitaron ayuda había un nivel más alto de psicopatología, una más alta sensibilidad al castigo y una más baja sensibilidad a la recompensa que en el grupo control. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes con ansiedad ante los exámenes presentan más sensibilidad al castigo y menos sensibilidad a la recompensa, y muestran más síntomas depresivos y obsesivos que los estudiantes del grupo control.

  20. The EDF Group - Reference Document, annual financial report 2011

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-04-01

    This report gathers information and comments about the French electric utility EDF, persons in charge of this document, account legal auditors, risk factors, activities in France and abroad, the company's organization and flowchart, its estate properties, its financial situation and results, its accounts and capitals, its research and development activities, patents and licenses, trends, financial perspectives, its administration, management and control bodies and their operation, its salaries, shareholders

  1. Preparation for Future Defuelling and Decommissioning Works on EDF Energy's UK Fleet of Advanced Gas Cooled Reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bryers, John; Ashmead, Simon

    2016-01-01

    EDF Energy/Nuclear Generation is the owner and operator of 14 Advanced Gas cooled Reactors (AGR) and one Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR), on 8 nuclear stations in the UK. EDF Energy/Nuclear Generation is responsible for all the activities associated with the end of life of its nuclear installations: de-fuelling, decommissioning and waste management. As the first AGR is forecast to cease generation within 10 years, EDF Energy has started planning for the decommissioning. This paper covers: - broad outline of the technical strategy and arrangements for future de-fuelling and decommissioning works on the UK AGR fleet, - high level strategic drivers and alignment with wider UK nuclear policy, - overall programme of preparation and initial works, - technical approaches to be adopted during decommissioning. (authors)

  2. Digital technology strengthens EDF's nuclear safety

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dupin, Ludovic

    2016-01-01

    This article proposes an overview of the development of the use of various and new digital technologies of information and communication by EDF to train its nuclear operators, field technicians who are maintaining nuclear power plants, personnel in charge of risk management, and so on. Trainees are using tablets with augmented reality software, serious games, virtual reality helmets, and also digital simulators to learn how to control a reactor. More practical training also exists: people are taught how to practically and correctly assemble tubes for example

  3. EDF guide book for decontamination at power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Glorennec, C.; Bemer, J.P.

    1988-01-01

    Nuclear Power Plant components or equipment often need to be more or less decontaminated before undergoing maintenance. In order to coordinate the activities of the different maintenance specialists belonging to the corporate or site organizations, the management of EDF/Nuclear and Fossil Division has created a decontamination task force. One of the objectives of this task force was to elaborate the present Guide Book for Decontamination at Power Plants. This paper provides assistance to nuclear plants operators in the very specific field of decontamination

  4. Offensive strategy: Suez wants to hustle EdF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jemain, A.

    2003-01-01

    Using Electrabel, its new energy pole, the private company Suez is looking for multiple ways of entry to reinforce its positions in France in the gas and electric power sectors in the prospect of the complete opening of energy markets in 2004. This article analyzes the strategy of Suez to become the most credible challenger of EdF, the French historical national electric utility: reorganization of its industrial and commercial activities, gain of new clients and definition of a new strategy for the gas market. (J.S.)

  5. Current and anticipated uses of the CATHARE code at EDF and FRAMATOME

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gandrille, J.L.; Vacher, J.L.; Poizat, F.

    1997-07-01

    This paper presents current industrial applications of the CATHARE code in the fields of Safety Studies and Simulators where the code is intensively used by FRAMATOME, EDF and CEA, the development partners of CATHARE. Future needs in these fields are also recapitulated.

  6. Current and anticipated uses of the CATHARE code at EDF and FRAMATOME

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gandrille, J.L.; Vacher, J.L.; Poizat, F.

    1997-01-01

    This paper presents current industrial applications of the CATHARE code in the fields of Safety Studies and Simulators where the code is intensively used by FRAMATOME, EDF and CEA, the development partners of CATHARE. Future needs in these fields are also recapitulated

  7. Feedback from dismantling operations (level 2) on EDF's first generation reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    West, J P.; Dionisio-Gomes, A.; Kus, J P.; Mervaux, P.; Bernet, P.; Dalmas, R.

    2003-01-01

    EDF's policy as regards the dismantling of the reactors that have ceased commercial operation, namely the eight power plants of the first generation and the Creys-Malville power plant, is explained. Generally speaking, prior to the year 2001, EDF had opted for the de-construction of these power plants to comply with a 'long wait' scenario, which consisted of waiting for a period of 5 to 10 years to achieve IAEA level 2 (partial release of the site), then postponing the total de-construction of the facilities for 25 to 50 years. Today, EDF has decided to undertake the total de-construction of these reactors, which have ceased commercial operation, over a period of 25 years. The purpose of this document is to present: - The reactors concerned, their background and their 'regulatory' situation, - The main operations performed and/or currently in progress, - The main elements of feedback from such operations, shedding light on the approach adopted in 2001. The installations concerned by the de-construction programme are as follows: - The 8 power plants of the first generation, which were built during the fifties and sixties and ceased commercial operation between 1973 and 1994, namely: Brennilis (industrial prototype using heavy water technology, jointly operated by EDF and CEA), the 6 power units of the NUGG type (natural uranium gas graphite) at Chinon, Saint-Laurent des Eaux and Bugey and the PWR reactor at Chooz A, - The storage silos at Saint-Laurent, where the sleeves for the fuel assemblies of reactors SLA1 and SLA2 are stored, corresponding to approximately 2000 tonnes of graphite, - The Creys-Malville reactor, FBR (fast breeder reactor) shut down in accordance with a government decision, which is currently undergoing decommissioning. At the current stage, our feedback from the dismantling operations carried out on nuclear facilities is based on (i) the work carried out or in progress that will make it possible to achieve the equivalent of IAEA level 2 in the

  8. Variaciones de la infracomunidad parásita durante la ontogenia de Chromis cyanea(Perciformes: Pomacentridae en la costa norte de La Habana, Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Alexis Fernández Osorio

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available Chromis cyaneaes una de las especies marinas más comunes y abundantes de los arrecifes cubanos. En este estudio se cuantifica la infracomunidad de parásitos durante el desarrollo ontogenético de Chromis cyanea(Pisces: Pomacentridae de la costa norte de La Habana, Cuba. Los objetivos son probar que las especies núcleo son responsables de la estructura en la infracomunidad y aparecen antes que las especies raras y estocásticas. Determinar si existe relación entre los descriptores ecológicos de la infraco-munidad parásita con la longitud total. Se capturaron 278 ejemplares de C. cyaneadurante la estación de seca (Abril del 2010. Se analizó un rango de tallas de 1.5 a 11.5 cm de largo total y se incluyeron ejemplares juveniles y adultos. Se recolectaron 2 861 especímenes parásitos pertenecientes a 20 taxa: Crustacea (5, Nematoda (5, Trematoda (4, Cestoda (2, Monogenea (2, Turbellaria (1 y Ciliophora (1. Los taxa Tetraphyllidea y Anilocra chromisconstituyen el núcleo de la infracomunidad parásita. La secuencia de aparición y la persistencia de estos taxa durante el desarrollo ontogenético apoyan la hipótesis de las especies núcleo. Los cambios en la infracomunidad, a partir de la talla de 6 cm, podrían ser el resultado de un efecto acumulativo unido a cambios en la dieta que provocan la ingestión de nuevos estadíos infectivos. Se concluye que el desarrollo ontogenético de C. cyaneaconstituye una variable importante en la formación de la infracomunidad parásita.

  9. Afrontamiento de la ansiedad ante los exámenes universitarios mediante un programa de Inoculación de Estrés: Caso Clínico

    OpenAIRE

    Escolar-Llamazares, M.C.; Serrano-Pintado, I.

    2016-01-01

    Introducción: Partiendo de la definición del constructo ansiedad ante los exámenes que realiza Spielberger y de la diferenciación de Wolpe entre problemas de ansiedad racional y problemas de ansiedad irracional se ha aplicado un programa basado en Inoculación de Estrés. Objetivo: Disminuir la ansiedad ante los exámenes que manifestaba una estudiante de Enfermería de la Universidad de Salamanca. Método: Se trata de un estudio cuasi-experimental de caso único con diseño AB sin retirada del trat...

  10. Insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad de sueño en estudiantes universitarios chilenos durante el periodo de clases y exámenes

    OpenAIRE

    Samuel Durán Agüero; Giovanni Rosales Soto; Cristóbal Moya Cantillana; Paula García Milla

    2017-01-01

    Objetivo:Determinar los factores asociados a la cantidad de horas de sueño, somnolenciadiurna e insomnio antes y durante un periodo de clases y exámenes.Material y métodos:Se evaluó a 384 alumnos de ambos sexos (74,1% mujeres), quienesreportaron su peso y estatura. A cada estudiante se le aplicó el Cuestionario de Insomnio y laEscala De Somnolencia de Epworth en el periodo de clases y periodo de exámenes.Resultados:Al comparar la somnolencia diurna, insomnio, latencia al sueño y cantidad deho...

  11. Management of ageing and obsolescence of electronic equipments used by EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grellier, J.M.; Oddi, M.; Simon, G.

    2006-01-01

    The life time of control system is today a great stake for industries which need a high reliability level during a much longer period of time than the usual life time of electronic equipments. Electronic technologies are mainly drawn by performance and miniaturization objectives letting apart the risk of ageing, indeed. Industrial users has therefore to cope with two main phenomena: the commercial obsolescence of electronic cards and the physical ageing of components. In the recent past years, Electricite De France has developed a deep knowledge of these phenomena and has elaborated a method to reduce the associated financial and technical risks. This method is used, partially or totally, in different EDF projects: the assessment of the ageing level of the control systems in EDF nuclear power plants, the elaboration of preventive maintenance actions to enhance the life time of protection relays in the French very high voltage electrical network, and the construction of a renovation plan for the control systems of the medium voltage electrical network in France. (authors)

  12. EDF reactor building containment: Monitoring of the pre-stressed concrete structure

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Badez, N.

    2009-01-01

    The concrete containments of the EDF PWR are pre-stressed, and are monitored to observe the ageing effects on the structure, in particular the evolutions of creep, shrinkage, pre-stress loss, and air leakage tightness. Monitoring devices are installed during construction period, and measurements are checked, stored on a data base, and analysed during all the plant operating life time. The topic of the presentation is to present each part of the EDF monitoring organisation. A continuous monitoring makes it possible to produce periodical comprehensive reports about the mechanical analysis of the structure, the strain stabilisation,... Periodical tests (each 10 years) are planned. They consist to submit the containment to an internal air pressure at the accidental pressure level. The monitoring system gives the strain values in order to check their linearity and reversibility with decreasing pressure. At the same time, the containment tightness is checked with a specific instrumentation to verify that leak rate is lower than the required level. A general view of instrumentation implemented on the containment (sensors, data acquisition), and a data analysis are presented

  13. Development and testing of the EDF-2 reactor fuel element

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delpeyroux, P.

    1964-01-01

    This technical report reviews the work which has been necessary for defining the EDF-2 fuel element. After giving briefly the EDF-2 reactor characteristics and the preliminary choice of parameters which made it possible to draw up a draft plan for the fuel element, the authors consider the research proper: - Uranium studies: tests on the passage into the β phase of an internal crown of a tube, bending of the tube under the effect of a localized force, welding of the end-pellets and testing for leaks. The resistance of the tube to crushing and of the pellets to yielding under the external pressure have been studied in detail in another CEA report. - Can studies: conditions of production and leak proof testing of the can, resistance of the fins to creep due to the effect of the gas flow. - Studies of the extremities of the element: creep under compression and welding of the plugs to the can. - Cartridge studies: determination of the characteristics of the can fuel fixing grooves and of the canning conditions, verification of the resistance of the fuel element to thermal cycling, determination of the temperature drop at the can-fuel interface dealt with in more detail in another CEA report. - Studies of the whole assembly: this work which concerns the graphite jacket, the support and the cartridge vibrations has been carried out by the Mechanical and Thermal Study Service (Mechanics Section). In this field the Fuel Element Study Section has investigated the behaviour of the centering devices in a gas current. The outcome of this research is the defining of the plan of the element the production process and the production specifications. The validity of ail these out-of-pile tests will be confirmed by the in-pile tests already under way and by irradiation of the elements in the EDF-2 reactor itself. In conclusion the programme is given for improving the fuel element and for defining the fuel element for the second charge. (authors) [fr

  14. Development of RCM methodology and tools for EDF nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jacquot, J.P.; Bouchet, J.L.; Despujols, A.; Dewailly, J.; Martin-Mattei, C.

    1992-06-01

    This paper outlines the development of Reliability-Centered Maintenance procedures in the nuclear power industry. It presents the pilot study undertaken by EDF in the overall framework of its 'OMF' (RCM) project, as well as the potential for further improving and enriching analytical methods. Lastly, it gives the prospects for the future design of an 'OMF' workstation

  15. The electric comfort in social housing. EDF is going on. Agreements with concrete results; Le confort electrique en logement social. EDF avance. Des engagements aux resultats concrets

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-11-01

    This document deals the wrap-up of the agreement signed between EDF and the HLM Union, in 1997, concerning the quality of the electric heating and warm water in social housing. The convention is described and technical solutions are discussed. The relations with the tenants and the mission of advice are also presented. (A.L.B.)

  16. Mortal waiting for EdF and Gaz de France

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jemain, A.

    2003-01-01

    Electricite de France (EdF) and Gaz de France (GdF) utilities have announced important investment programs for the forthcoming opening of gas and electricity markets to 2.5 millions of professionals by July 1, 2004. However, nothing can be done before the approval of the French government has been given for the change of their statuses (from the industrial and commercial public company status to the anonymous company status) and for the opening of their capital. Short paper. (J.S.)

  17. The management of the radioactive waste generated by the EDF nuclear power plants in service

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lantes, B.; Beguin, St.

    2011-01-01

    From the very beginning of France's nuclear power programme, EDF has developed industrial-scale management of the waste it produces, which has constantly progressed in line with changes in the regulations and the available technology. This management process, improved thanks to feedback and experience, ensures that any risk of exposure, at every stage, from production to final disposal, is controlled. The guidelines adopted by EDF for sustainable management of its waste are as follows: -) reduce the quantity of waste, from the production stage and then through recycling and reprocessing; -) sort waste according to its nature and activity level, so that it can be processed and packaged appropriately and the appropriate long-term management solution implemented; -) package waste as soon as it is produced to prevent any risk of dispersion; -) store waste, pending decay or the availability of an appropriate disposal solution; -) transport and place waste in repositories, keeping it away from Man and the environment by means of engineered or natural barriers for as long as required for the radioactivity to decay to an acceptable level. Regarding short-lived waste produced during operating and maintenance activities at power plants in service, EDF currently implements fully-integrated industrial management solutions which are constantly being optimised in conjunction with its industrial partners. (authors)

  18. Monitoring of large rotating machines at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chevalier, R.; Oswald, G.P.; Morel, J.

    1993-09-01

    The purpose of equipment surveillance is the prevention of major risks, the early detection of abnormal conditions and post-incident analysis to correct faults observed. At EDF, overall vibration monitoring in the control room was supplemented by a special vibration monitoring system. However, in order to satisfy more elaborate, real time detection requirements and benefit from the new possibilities offered by computer-based systems, EDF has developed the PSAD concept (Surveillance and Diagnosis-aid Station) which groups surveillance processing, organized on surveillance functions including turbogenerator and reactor coolant pump surveillance. The purpose of the present paper is to describe the turbogenerator and reactor coolant pump surveillance functions and present the first examples of reactor coolant pump behaviour feedback using a PSAD mockup (Automated Surveillance of Rotating Machines). In the first place, surveillance implies determining exactly what has to be monitored. This entails considering incidents liable to affect machine behaviour and, of course, specifying both the vibration quantities and those defining the operating condition of the machine considered which are necessary to be able to interpret the vibrations. Data processing requirements concern detection of faults and diagnosis aids. Faults detection must be automatic, but not the diagnosis function. Data can be processed to evidence one or several faults, using the most appropriate data display system. Interpretation is then entrusted to experts. To satisfy the above requirements, the PSAD system integrates two new concepts: distributed surveillance, involving depth distribution (different layers of software organized for increasingly sophisticated and gradually narrowing data processing) and space distribution (the work is performed in the most appropriate place, whether this be the plant, with automatic real time processing, or elsewhere if the complexity of the diagnosis so requires

  19. The effects of radiations on materials for core internals of PWRs: EDF-CEA-Framatome joint research programme

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mathan, N. de; Buisine, D.; Goltrant, O.; Dubuisson, P.; Scott, P.; Deydier, D.; Trenty, A.

    1998-01-01

    The effects of neutron irradiation on materials for the core internals of PWRs (austenitic stainless steels) are potentially a significant economic and regulatory concern for EDF. The maintenance strategy for EDF relies primarily on in-service inspection, safety analysis and characterization of materials irradiated in-service. In addition, to anticipate likely future behaviour of highly irradiated materials, EDF has initiated, in collaboration with CEA and Framatome, a large R and D programme designed to (i) evaluate the effects of neutron irradiation on mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking sensitivity (IASCC), and (ii) identify possible replacement materials. The programme, currently in progress, involves mechanical tests (tensile, fracture toughness, irradiation creep), stress corrosion cracking tests (in flux and out of flux) and metallurgical examinations. The test materials are being irradiated in several experimental reactors in France and Russia up to PWR-related end of life doses (∼ 80 dpa) at several PWR-relevant irradiation temperatures (300-400 deg. C). The presentation will describe the objectives and early results of this ongoing R and D programme. (author)

  20. Precursor incident program at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fourest, B.; Maliverney, B.; Rozenholc, M.; Piovesan, C.

    1998-01-01

    The precursor program was started by EDF in 1994, after an investigation of the US NRC's Accident Sequence Precursor Program. Since then, reported operational events identified as Safety Outstanding Events have been analyzed whenever possible using probabilistic methods based on PSAs. Analysis provides an estimate of the remaining protection against core damage at the time the incident occurred. Measuring the incidents' severity enables to detect incidents important regarding safety. Moreover, the most efficient feedback actions can be derived from the main accident sequences identified through the analysis. Therefore, incident probabilistic analysis provides a way to assess priorities in terms of treatment and resource allocation, and so, to implement countermeasures preventing further occurrence and development of the most significant incidents. As some incidents cannot be analyzed using this method, probabilistic analysis can only be one among the methods used to assess the nuclear power plants' safety level. Nevertheless, it provides an interesting complement to classical methods of deterministic studies. (author)

  1. Las urgencias en la atención primaria: uso de exámenes complementarios y medicamentos Emergencies in primary health care: use of complementary tests and drugs

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Díaz Novás

    2008-09-01

    Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: los servicios de urgencias requieren de un soporte de exámenes y medicamentos que apoyen su capacidad resolutiva y que se utilicen con eficiencia. OBJETIVOS: identificar el uso de exámenes complementarios y medicamentos, sus costos y relación con la morbilidad observada. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo sobre la utilización de exámenes complementarios, medicamentos y sus costos, en el servicio de urgencias del Policlínico-Hospital "Raúl Gómez García", en el período de enero a marzo de 2007. Se correlacionó el uso de exámenes y medicamentos con la morbilidad observada. RESULTADOS: el chequeo de la tensión arterial, las infecciones respiratorias agudas y las crisis agudas de asma bronquial fueron las causas más frecuentes de consulta. Se observó 1 de cada 21,3 pacientes atendidos. El 19,7 % de los pacientes requirieron la realización de exámenes complementarios. El laboratorio clínico, fue el medio diagnóstico más utilizado. Los medicamentos más utilizados fueron: el aerosol de salbutamol, la dipirona y la aminofilina. La indicación de exámenes y medicamentos, generalmente, estuvo justificada por los problemas de salud atendidos. Los exámenes de rayos X, los electrocardiogramas y entre los medicamentos la hidrocortisona, fueron los que más gastos ocasionaron. CONCLUSIONES: la morbilidad observada estuvo acorde con lo esperado para un servicio de urgencias primario, y justificó, en la mayoría de los casos, los exámenes y medicamentos utilizados. El empleo racional del método clínico puede mejorar el uso de recursos y los costos.INTRODUCTION: the emergency services require tests and drugs that support their resolving capacity and that be used with efficiency. OBJECTIVES: to identify the use of complementary tests and drugs, their costs and their connection with the morbidity observed. METHODS: an observational descriptive, longitudinal and

  2. Material control and accountancy at EDF PWR plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    de Cormis, F.

    1991-01-01

    The paper describes the comprehensive system which is developed and implemented at Electricite de France to provide a single reliable nuclear material control and accounting system for all nuclear plants. This software aims at several objectives among which are: the control and the accountancy of nuclear material at the plant, the optimization of the consistency of data by minimizing the possibility of transcription errors, the fulfillment of the statutory requirements by automatic transfer of reports to national and international safeguards authorities, the servicing of other EDF users of nuclear material data for technical or commercial purposes

  3. Examinando exámenes. Consideraciones acerca de las pruebas de medición en ELE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yagüe Barredo, Agustín

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de este artículo es reflexionar acerca del concepto y el diseño de exámenes de español como lengua extranjera. Con criterios empíricos se subrayan las limitaciones técnicas de las pruebas y la pobreza de información que ofrecen a docentes y a candidatos sobre su actuación. El trabajo propone algunas alternativas que deben ser refrendadas en situaciones de aula.

  4. Modelo climático de los páramos de la Cordillera Oriental colombiana aplicado a regímenes de temperatura del suelo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Enrique Castro Méndez

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available La aplicación (con criterios consistentes de los regímenes de temperatura del suelo, no había sido necesaria y decisiva, hasta ahora, ya que se consideraba suficiente esta información de carácter descriptivo. La temperatura asignada al suelo provenía de la reclasificación directa del clima ambiental al edáfico con valores medios anuales dados a cada franja altitudinal hace más de 200 años, esto no es acorde con los cambios, que desde la geografía biofísica, se han percibido en el ambiente. Se propone un modelo climático, basado en isotermas del suelo, para determinar los regímenes de temperatura a partir de información bajo coberturas vegetales y del suelo, para cada vertiente montañosa en particular. Se encontraron gradientes de temperatura (ºC/100 m de 0,73 y 0,61 en la vertiente occidental y oriental, respectivamente. La temperatura del suelo fue 1.9 ºC mayor que la del aire y se delimitaron los regímenes térmicos del suelo cryico, isofrígido e isomésico.

  5. Cooperation between regional fire brigades and EDF's power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gaudin, B.; Pigeon, M.

    2000-01-01

    An emergency plan has been worked out at each nuclear power plant. This plan involves public authorities, regional fire brigades, hospitals, and EDF's own emergency means. This organization implies that in case of emergency both outside help and intern means have to cooperate efficiently on the site. In order to clarify roles and order hierarchy, common intervention protocols have been written and tested. Joint exercises involving outside help and intern means are regularly organized to test the emergency organization and train the staff. (A.C.)

  6. Synthesis of the IRSN report.no. 2012-009 on the definition of a post-Fukushima hard core for EDF's PWRs: objectives, content and associated requirements. Opinion related to the post-Fukushima hard core of EDF's pressurized water reactors under construction or in operation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-12-01

    After having recalled the implementation of the additional safety assessments (ECS) on the French nuclear reactors after the Fukushima accident, and that, after these assessments, ASN asked EDF to implement a 'hard core of robust material and organisational measures' which aim at preventing an accident with a core fusion or at limiting its progress, at limiting massive radioactive releases, and at enabling the operator to perform his required missions in crisis management, a first report briefly indicates the objectives of this hard core, and discuses the material measures proposed by EDF. These measures concern the exploited reactors and the EPR Flamanville 3, the pools present in the fuel and reactor buildings. It also discusses requirements associated with these material measures, notably with respect to earthquake, flooding or other extreme events. It briefly discusses organisational measures. A second report, produced by the Permanent Group of Experts, states the opinion of this group on the same issues, and proposes a set of recommendations for further measures by EDF

  7. Development of RCM methodology and tools for EDF nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jacquot, J.P.; Bouchet, J.L.; Despujols, A.; Dewailly, J.; Martin-Mattei, C.

    1995-01-01

    In 1990, EDF launched a Reliability-Centered Maintenance project for its nuclear plants. This 'OMF' project aims at developing methods and tools for analysis and in the first phase, applying these to one initial system (the pilot study). The results of the pilot study have confirmed the advantages of the 'OMF' analytical method: the prospects for the approach on an industrial scale are extremely promising. It should be noted that the precision of our 'OMF' analysis is not doubt superior to that common in other industrial domains (MSG/RCM analysis). The particular approach implies analysis of systems and components and, most importantly, integration of operation feedback, with a view to developing a rigorous maintenance program which can constantly be updated. In addition to the defining and implementing the method, the review of designing software aids has begun. The pilot study clearly pointed up the need for such aids in handling the necessary volume of information and assisting experts in their analysis. The EDF 'OMF' workstation (and its environment) will be used not only in preparing the 'initial' maintenance program but also in updating it during the 'living' program phase. (author)

  8. Development of RCM methodology and tools for EDF nuclear power plants

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jacquot, J.P.; Bouchet, J.L.; Despujols, A.; Dewailly, J.; Martin-Mattei, C. [Electricite de France, 78 - Chatou (France)

    1995-12-31

    In 1990, EDF launched a Reliability-Centered Maintenance project for its nuclear plants. This `OMF` project aims at developing methods and tools for analysis and in the first phase, applying these to one initial system (the pilot study). The results of the pilot study have confirmed the advantages of the `OMF` analytical method: the prospects for the approach on an industrial scale are extremely promising. It should be noted that the precision of our `OMF` analysis is not doubt superior to that common in other industrial domains (MSG/RCM analysis). The particular approach implies analysis of systems and components and, most importantly, integration of operation feedback, with a view to developing a rigorous maintenance program which can constantly be updated. In addition to the defining and implementing the method, the review of designing software aids has begun. The pilot study clearly pointed up the need for such aids in handling the necessary volume of information and assisting experts in their analysis. The EDF `OMF` workstation (and its environment) will be used not only in preparing the `initial` maintenance program but also in updating it during the `living` program phase. (author) 4 refs.

  9. EDF: net profits are up by 56% in 2004. RTE: a year of change

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2005-01-01

    EDF has presented its financial results for 2004: a net profit of 1.3 milliard euros (+56%) and a debt reduced by 5 milliards euros. The turnover reached 46,9 milliard euros (+4.5%) but its capital was reduced drastically from 19 to 8.4 milliard euros because of both the reform of the funding of the retirement pension system and the implementation of new European accountancy norms. For the first time all foreign subsidies of EDF (except those in South-America) have contributed to the profit. EDF foresees to launch an important investment program in 2005 that will involve: the construction of an EPR (European pressurized reactor) on the Flamanville site and the construction of 6 fossil-fueled power plants. The turnover of RTE (the state company that manages the French electricity transport network) reached 4.029 milliard euros which is the same figure as the previous year but its net profit jumps by 25% to reach 347 million euros. RTE has announced that the exchanges at the borders (import and export) have increased from 113 TWh (in 2003) to 119 TWh (in 2004) which betokens a more and more dynamical European electricity market. RTE has also announced that the construction works of the 150-200 km long high voltage power line that will link the new EPR reactor at Flamanville to the national power transmission network will begin near 2010. (A.C.)

  10. Resultados comparativos de exámenes estatales del 2006 al 2012 en la Facultad de Estomatología de Camagüey

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sarah Teresita Gutiérrez Martore

    Full Text Available Fundamento: La ampliación de matrícula con la diversidad de vías de ingreso ha constituido un reto en la educación médica y la evaluación de graduación implica la certificación de la competencia de los egresados, por eso se hace necesario analizar los resultados obtenidos en estas etapas. Objetivo: Comparar los resultados de los ejercicios prácticos, teóricos y notas finales obtenidas por los estudiantes presentados a Exámenes Estatales Ordinarios de los cursos del 2006 al 2012 de la Facultad de Estomatología en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación descriptiva con 410 estudiantes presentados a exámenes estatales ordinarios en el período 2006-2012. Se clasificaron los grupos con menos o más de 40 estudiantes por cursos. Se obtuvieron las calificaciones de cada ejercicio y nota final estatal por cursos. Se utilizó el método porcentual, media aritmética y mediana obtenida en cada curso. Resultados: Los cursos del 2006-2009 sumaron 99 estudiantes y en los cursos del 2009-2012 se incrementaron hasta 311 educandos. En los exámenes estatales prácticos, los grupos pequeños obtuvieron calificación media de 99,2 y una mediana de 99 y 100; en los grupos numerosos las calificaciones disminuyeron hasta llegar a una media de 93 y una mediana de 95. En los exámenes teóricos, en los tres primeros cursos la media de calificación fue 83,5 y en el grupo numeroso de 83,7. Conclusiones: En los resultados se mantiene la calidad de la base científica de la actuación en todos los cursos, pero ha disminuido la del desempeño en los cursos con incremento de estudiantes.

  11. ASN takes position in the in-service follow-up programs of primary and secondary loops of EdF's nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2002-01-01

    This decision from the French authority of nuclear safety (ASN) aims at fixing the conditions to be respected by Electricite de France (EdF) during its in-service follow-up programs for the monitoring and preventive maintenance of the primary and secondary cooling loops of EdF's PWR reactors. The components and the particular points to be controlled are listed in appendixes. (J.S.)

  12. EDF FARN (fast action force in case of nuclear accident) - Focus on radiation protection of workers

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Guen, Bernard

    2014-01-01

    Document available in abstract form only. As part of the operation of its nuclear power plants, EDF set up in the 80's an emergency response organisation together with the French public authorities aimed at managing the consequences, especially radiological of any events. This is based on the setting up of emergency plans involving both the operator and the public authorities, at local and national level, with both parties assessing the consequences of a radiological accident in the environment constantly enhanced as part of the continuous improvement process. As the Fukushima accident especially highlighted the relevance of having a response system available off site, this emergency response organisation has been strengthened both with equipment and human resources so as to be able to respond to major accidents further to external hazards. These resources have been designed to factor in a high level of radiological risk. The functions and responsibilities are clearly defined for any event occurring at a nuclear power plant. The operator shall be accountable for the actions to be taken on site concerning technical plant management, worker protection and rescue of casualties. The public authorities shall be accountable for all the measures to be taken off site, especially protection of the local population and environmental monitoring. The EDF emergency response organisation is based on enhanced equipment and human resources at site and corporate level supplemented with EDF corporate and non-EDF resources. The EDF emergency plan covers the situation where all the site units are affected. The decision to set up the nuclear rapid response taskforce was taken further to the Fukushima accident in 2011 and it has been operational since 2012. Integrated in the emergency response organisation, its main aim is to be capable of responding in less than 12 hours to reinstate water, electricity and air supply at the nuclear power plant where the accident has occurred. It is

  13. Hearing of Mr. Francois Roussely, President of EdF; Audition de M. Francois Roussely, President d'EdF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Roussely, F. [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    2005-07-01

    This document is the proceedings of the hearing of F. Roussely, President of Electricite de France (EdF), at the commission of economic affairs of the French house of commons, about the advisability of the construction of the EPR (European pressurized reactor) demonstration plant and about its possible financing by EdF. In a first part, F. Roussely recalls the European context of deregulation of energy markets and its impact of the French electric power industry (opening of the French market, industrial and social actions of EdF, need of a new generation of nuclear reactor, preservation of EdF's energy mix, warranty of public utility, un-bundling between energy trade and distribution, EdF's turnover and profitability, EdF's foreign daughter companies). In a second part, F. Roussely answers a series of questions asked by the different members of the commission concerning the different points presented in the first part. (J.S.)

  14. Organization of the operating quality in EDF nuclear power stations

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Stolz, J.

    1976-01-01

    The organization of operating quality in EDF nuclear stations cover a number of planned and systematic actions of technical and management order carried on at station level and Nuclear Safety Department level. Priority is given to safety quality which has to remain the same during the whole life of the stations; the safety of a station depending from its designing, realization and starting up quality on one hand and from its operating methods on the other [fr

  15. Energies and media nr 32. Conditions for the nuclear sector. Uranium and its enrichment for EDF. The role of Russia

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-07-01

    After some comments on recent events in the nuclear sector in different countries (international conference, agreement between Rosatom and the IAEA, energy policy and projects in India, Turkey, Vietnam, France, Finland, UK, Sweden, USA, Germany), this publication discusses the uranium enrichment issue for EDF and the role of Russia. It refers to a report by the French High committee for transparency and information on nuclear safety (HCTISN) and to a hearing by the French Parliament. Different aspects are discussed: the national and international legal contexts and their relationship, the EDF reactor supply (enriched uranium of MOX, fixed elements in enrichment contracts, supply security), enrichment processes and installations (in France, natural uranium enrichment, use of reprocessed or recycle uranium, use of depleted uranium as a by-product of enrichment), how EDF and AREVA are working with Russia (enrichment of recycled uranium, use of depleted uranium)

  16. Integrating availability and maintenance objectives in plant design. EDF approach

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Degrave, Claude; Martin-Onraet, Michel

    1995-01-01

    Energy self sufficiency is a major strategic necessity for France. Regarding the fossil fuels power, competitiveness of nuclear energy is a key goal for Electricite de France. Accordingly, for future nuclear power plants to remain competitive, it is necessary to maintain the kWh production costs of the future units at a level close to those of the latest units under construction (N4 series), while raising the safety level. EDF therefore decided to implement an analytical and systematic process for study of the new projects to optimize the design by integration of the maintenance (durations, costs), availability and radiation exposure goals from the related operating experience. This approach, CIDEM (French acronym for Design Integrating Availability, operating Experience and Maintenance) aims at a single goal: to minimize the kWh production cost incorporating investment, operation and fuel costs, allowing for the operating experience from French and foreign units. The implementation of the CIDEM process constitutes for EDF a new approach to the study of the new Nuclear Power Plant projects. The competitivity of nuclear energy greatly depends on the success of such an approach. The studies conducted in the availability field have already highlighted a number of critical points and have made it possible to define the corresponding goal allocations and to establish a first series of structuring specifications for the project. (J.P.N.)

  17. Low-level radioactive waste management in EDF nuclear power plants (FRANCE)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boussard, C.

    1991-01-01

    This paper shows some recent examples of Low-level radioactive waste management in EDF nuclear power plants: - Radioactive liquid wastes proceeding from steam generators leaching (NOGENT SUR SEINE-1 REACTOR) - Thermal insulation proceeding from heat exchanger and blower (CHINON-2 REACTOR) - Old iron from reactor dismantling (CHINON-3 REACTOR, MARCOULE G1 REACTOR, MARCOULE G2-G3 REACTORS) - fresh air filter and fire detector - CHINON-2 REACTOR breaker chambers

  18. Monitoring large rotating machines at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chevalier, R.; Bourgeois, P.; Le Reverend, D.

    1992-09-01

    At Electricite de France (EDF), since 1978, the operating instruments which ensure the DETECTION function, have been completed on turbogenerators by a specialized ''off-line'' vibration monitoring system, which allows a posteriori DIAGNOSIS analysis. However because of a need of a real time and more elaborated DETECTION function, the concept of the Monitoring and Diagnosis Aid Station (Poste de Surveillance et d'Aide au Diagnostic: PSAD) has been developed. It federates the processing of monitoring, organized into several functions, and includes the monitoring of turbogenerators (TGS) and reactor coolant pumps (RCP). The purpose of this paper is to present, on the one hand, the monitoring functions of TGS and RCP and on the other, the first experimental results on the behaviour of three RCP, obtained through a SAMT (Surveillance Automatisee des Machines Tournantes - Automatic monitoring of rotating machines) prototype. (authors). 2 figs., 4 tabs., 4 refs

  19. 1996, a turning point in the evolution of the EDF with good financial results; 1996, une annee charniere dans l'evolution d'EDF avec de bons resultants financiers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-03-01

    This conference held on March 1997 presents the financial results obtained in 1996 by French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France). This year represented a turning point because essential landmarks were established in 1996. An european directive has been adopted in 1996 defining the framework in which european electricity market will function as well as the rules for its opening to competition. Discussions with the trade unions were conducted at the beginning of 1997and a social agreement aiming at the amelioration of services and hiring of 11,000 to 15,000 young people in the next three years. Finally, a new contract of enterprise with the state has been discussed and approved in March 5, 1997, which redefined the place and the role of EDF in the French economy, in the new stage of electricity market started by the opening to competition. The document contains the following 8 chapters: 1. Financial results and enterprise management; 2. Institutional frame and the relation with the state; 3. Development in France; 4. International development; 5. Alliances, partnerships and cooperation; 6. Management, social and human resources; 7. Environment; 8. Technical results.

  20. Efficient Feasibility Analysis for Real-Time Systems with EDF Scheduling

    OpenAIRE

    Albers , Karsten; Slomka , Frank

    2005-01-01

    Submitted on behalf of EDAA (http://www.edaa.com/); International audience; This paper presents new fast exact feasibility tests for uniprocessor real-time systems using preemptive EDF scheduling. Task sets which are accepted by previously described sufficient tests will be evaluated in nearly the same time as with the old tests by the new algorithms. Many task sets are not accepted by the earlier tests despite them beeing feasible. These task sets will be evaluated by the new algorithms a lo...

  1. Relación entre ansiedad ante los exámenes, tipos de pruebas y rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Hernando Ávila-Toscano

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available Abstract This research paper shows the results of the assessment of anxiety in university students of different careers in relation to examinations, the types of tests made and their academic performance. 200 students at a private university were evaluated through a correlational design to determine cognitive manifestations, physiological and motor anxiety. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi square and showed significant relationships for each set of symptoms with academic performance (p<.05. Group work, tests such debates, argumentative tests, among others were significantly related to anxious symptoms. It can be concluded that test anxiety significantly affects university students which becomes a problem that requires comprehensive interventions. Resumen El presente artículo de investigación muestra los resultados de la evaluación de la ansiedad en universitarios de diferentes carreras con relación a los exámenes, los tipos de pruebas académicas realizadas y su rendimiento académico. Se evaluaron 200 estudiantes de una universidad privada mediante un diseño correlacional para determinar manifestaciones cognitivas, fisiológicas y motoras de ansiedad. Los datos se analizaron con Chi cuadrado de Pearson, mostrando relaciones significativas de cada conjunto de síntomas con el rendimiento académico (p<.05. Los trabajos grupales, exámenes tipo debates, las pruebas argumentativas, entre otras, se relacionaron significativamente con los síntomas ansiosos. Se puede concluir que la ansiedad ante los exámenes afecta significativamente a estudiantes universitarios, constituyéndose en una problemática que requiere intervenciones integrales.

  2. 'Nuclear safety: our absolute priority'. File 2014 of the EDF Group in response to the FTSE4Good criteria

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Maillart, H.

    2014-01-01

    After a brief presentation of the EDF Group activity, this report presents its different nuclear assets which belong to EDF SA, EDF Energy, CENG or TNPJVC (these companies are also briefly presented). The next part addresses and describes the various aspects related to safety and to radiation protection: the safety policy and its implementation within the group, incidents and events, unplanned outages, assessments of nuclear safety, risk analysis, preparation to emergency situations, adaptation to climate change, lessons learned from the Fukushima accident, public and workers exposure to radiations, site protection. The fourth part addresses issues related to wastes: general presentation, legal and regulatory context, policy, management of radioactive wastes, management of used fuels, dismantling and wastes. The next part addresses issues related to training: overview of human resources and training policy, implementation. The last part presents reporting actions and results

  3. EDF: Computing electron number probability distribution functions in real space from molecular wave functions

    Science.gov (United States)

    Francisco, E.; Pendás, A. Martín; Blanco, M. A.

    2008-04-01

    Given an N-electron molecule and an exhaustive partition of the real space ( R) into m arbitrary regions Ω,Ω,…,Ω ( ⋃i=1mΩ=R), the edf program computes all the probabilities P(n,n,…,n) of having exactly n electrons in Ω, n electrons in Ω,…, and n electrons ( n+n+⋯+n=N) in Ω. Each Ω may correspond to a single basin (atomic domain) or several such basins (functional group). In the later case, each atomic domain must belong to a single Ω. The program can manage both single- and multi-determinant wave functions which are read in from an aimpac-like wave function description ( .wfn) file (T.A. Keith et al., The AIMPAC95 programs, http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/aimpac, 1995). For multi-determinantal wave functions a generalization of the original .wfn file has been introduced. The new format is completely backwards compatible, adding to the previous structure a description of the configuration interaction (CI) coefficients and the determinants of correlated wave functions. Besides the .wfn file, edf only needs the overlap integrals over all the atomic domains between the molecular orbitals (MO). After the P(n,n,…,n) probabilities are computed, edf obtains from them several magnitudes relevant to chemical bonding theory, such as average electronic populations and localization/delocalization indices. Regarding spin, edf may be used in two ways: with or without a splitting of the P(n,n,…,n) probabilities into α and β spin components. Program summaryProgram title: edf Catalogue identifier: AEAJ_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEAJ_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 5387 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 52 381 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 77 Computer

  4. Flow Accelerated Corrosion mitigation at EDF with BRT-CICEROTM. Feedback of version 3.2 and future trends

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Moutrille, Marie-Pierre; Trevin, Stephane; Qiu, Gonghao; Miller, Cecile; Mellin, Nicolas

    2012-09-01

    EDF has developed during these 15 last years software called BRT-CICERO TM for the surveillance of the secondary piping system of its Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). This software enables the operator to calculate the FAC wear rates taking into account all the influencing parameters such as: pipe isometrics, chromium content of the steel, chemical conditioning and operating parameters of the secondary circuit (temperature, pressure, etc.). This is a major tool for the operators to organize the maintenance and to plan the inspections. In the framework of the French pressure vessel law issued on March 15, 2000, the software BRT-CICERO TM has been recognized by the French authority for the FAC surveillance on the secondary pressure piping lines of the EDF 58 NPPs. It takes advantage of the experience feedback of the French fleet, of the R and D improvements (especially from the laboratory tests conducted on EDF's CIROCO loop) and is frequently updated. The software is based on specific calculation modules, which are: - thermodynamics module, - chemistry module, - void module, - geometric factor module to take into account the effect of singularities on hydraulics, - FAC kinetics module, - codes and standards module for minimum required thickness calculations. This architecture allows independent and complete validation of each model calculation and therefore the quality of software. This paper describes the simplified model and the calculation modules. The performances of BRT-CICERO TM version 3 are examined with a statistical analysis allowing estimating the accuracy of calculation for each components and position into the pipelines. A computational fluid dynamic study has been initiated to confirm the geometrical coefficients which allow to take into account the fittings. All these studies and many others brought EDF to propose evolutions both on the plan thermodynamics and chemical. These evolutions are discussed in this topic. (authors)

  5. Terrorismo de Estado y subjetividad : Escenarios actuales: juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad

    OpenAIRE

    Cicconi, María Luján; Oñativia, Xavier Andrés; Vedio, Marta; Shapiro, Hernán

    2011-01-01

    El desarrollo de los juicios por crímenes de lesa humanidad cometidos por el Terrorismo de Estado durante la última dictadura cívico-militar configura un nuevo espacio de interés para la Psicología Pese a lo reciente de la implementación de estos procesos judiciales ya se cuenta con algunos antecedentes que proporcionan la suficiente información para revisar indicadores de impacto en la subjetividad de los actores intervinientes en dichas experiencias. Este Taller propone un espacio para la p...

  6. Summary of replies to the public consultation on the virtual power plants (VPP) system implemented by EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-01-01

    From 15 December 2005 to 13 January 2006, CRE organized a public consultation on the Virtual Power Plants (VPP) system implemented by EDF. The questions asked to the contributors concerned: their assessment of the effect of VPP on the French market during the period 2001-2005; their suggestions concerning the continuation or stopping of the current system, or concerning the setting up of a new system of energy or generation capacity release by EDF. Twenty three players in the French electricity market answered this consultation. The replies made by the various contributors to each question are very diversified. This document presents the summary of replies received, question by question. (A.L.B.)

  7. Summary of replies to the public consultation on the virtual power plants (VPP) system implemented by EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    2006-07-01

    From 15 December 2005 to 13 January 2006, CRE organized a public consultation on the Virtual Power Plants (VPP) system implemented by EDF. The questions asked to the contributors concerned: their assessment of the effect of VPP on the French market during the period 2001-2005; their suggestions concerning the continuation or stopping of the current system, or concerning the setting up of a new system of energy or generation capacity release by EDF. Twenty three players in the French electricity market answered this consultation. The replies made by the various contributors to each question are very diversified. This document presents the summary of replies received, question by question. (A.L.B.)

  8. EDF feedback on recent EPRI SGOG SG chemical cleanings applications for TSP blockage reduction and heat transfer recover

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dijoux, M.; De Bouvier, O.; Mercier, S.; Pages, D.; Bretelle, J.-L.; Leclercq, P.; Mermillod, A.

    2010-01-01

    Between 2007 and 2008, six Steam Generators Chemical Cleanings (SGCC) with the inhibitor free high temperature process were applied on EDF PWR units. The main goal was to reduce the excessive Tube Support Plate blockages observed on several units of the EDF fleet and the consequences on wide range levels and the risk of tube cracks. The heat transfer recovery was the second objective. Despite the correct results obtained, the corrosion impact of the high temperature process on internal metallic surfaces, higher than expected, and the environmental issues led EDF to move to a new cleaning process. The low temperature process developed by EPRI SGOG and applied for many years was selected for the same purpose. Some qualification laboratory tests were performed by Dominion Engineering Inc (DEI) to demonstrate the innocuousness an the efficiency of the process to achieve these goals. The EPRI SGOG process was then applied seven times by Westinghouse on the EDF units Cruas 3, Cruas 2, Belleville 1, Cattenom 1, Cattenom 3, Chinon B3 and Cattenom 4 between 2008 and 2010. All these units operate from the initial start at low AVT pH 25 o C (9,2) in the secondary circuit. Due to copper presence in the deposits to remove, the cleaning sequence 'Copper - Iron - Copper steps' was performed each time. After a short description of the process, including the specific adaptation in France, lessons learned are reported in this paper in the following areas: process monitoring, corrosion, efficiency, liquid and gaseous wastes, chemical pollution during start-up. Based on the 3 first applications in 2008, some modifications of the process were implemented, particularly for the copper step. For the units cleaned, 1100 to 4500 kg of deposits per SG have been removed, including TS sludge lancing. The reduction of TSP blockages was satisfying. The effect on steam pressure improvement and the wide range level is then discussed. The paper concludes on EDF perspectives for soft

  9. Signal and image processing for monitoring and testing at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Georgel, B.; Garreau, D.

    1992-04-01

    The quality of monitoring and non destructive testing devices in plants and utilities today greatly depends on the efficient processing of signal and image data. In this context, signal or image processing techniques, such as adaptive filtering or detection or 3D reconstruction, are required whenever manufacturing nonconformances or faulty operation have to be recognized and identified. This paper reviews the issues of industrial image and signal processing, by briefly considering the relevant studies and projects under way at EDF. (authors). 1 fig., 11 refs

  10. EDF energy generation UK transport of irradiated fuel

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    James, R. [EDF Energy, London, (United Kingdom)

    2015-07-01

    This paper give an overview of irradiated fuel transport in the UK. It describes the design of irradiated fuel flask used by EDF Energy; operational experience and good practices learnt from over 50 years of irradiated fuel transport. The AGRs can store approximately 9 months generation of spent fuel, hence the ability to transport irradiated fuel is vital. Movements are by road to the nearest railhead, typically less than 2 miles and then by rail to Sellafield, up to 400 miles, for reprocessing or long term storage. Road and rail vehicles are covered. To date in the UK: over 30,000 Magnox flask journeys and over 15,000 AGR A2 flask journeys have been carried out.

  11. Multiple metamorphoses for EdF and GdF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jemain, A.

    2004-01-01

    The draft of law, modifying the statute of the French electric and gas utilities, Electricite de France (EdF) and Gaz de France (GdF), that the French government has presented to the Council of State, mixes some European and French preoccupations. The reason is the urgency of the planning and the date line of July 1, 2004 with the opening of the gas and power markets to 3.5 millions of professionals. The draft includes the obligations and missions of public utility of both companies, the transposition of the European directives, the conclusions of the negotiation of retirement pensions with the syndicate organizations, and the transformation of both public companies into anonymous companies. Short paper. (J.S.)

  12. Audit on modalities of assessment of gross claims for the calculation of provisions of deconstruction of currently operated EDF reactors. Report synthesis, August 4, 2015

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    Based on data provided by EDF, this report presents hypotheses, calculation methods and analyses regarding modalities of assessment of provisions for the deconstruction of EDF reactors. After a presentation of the EDF PWR fleet, an overview of dismantling activities at the world scale, a discussion of accounting provisions, a presentation of the audit methodology and limitations, the authors report an analysis of deconstruction costs through the case of Dampierre (dismantling strategy, planning, engineering expenses, site-related expenses, dismantling costs, demolition costs, waste management cost). They propose a comparison at the international level, discuss an extrapolation to the whole fleet, evoke a risk analysis, and presents their conclusion for the global assessment

  13. Perspectives de développement de la production industrielle d'hydrogène par électrolyse alcaline avancée Development Outlook for Industrial Hydrogen Production by Advanced Alkaline Electrolysis

    OpenAIRE

    Derive C.; Pottier J.; Montet A.; Avallet M.; Robin J. -Y.

    2006-01-01

    Dans les conditions du développement du programme nucléaire français qui permettent une production d'électricité à un coût intéressant en heures creuses, la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de l'eau peut être envisagée à moyen terme en compétition avec les autres procédés de fabrication d'hydrogène tels que le reformage de gaz naturel. Dans le cadre de leur coopération, Électricité de France (EDF) et le Gaz de France (GDF) conduisent, depuis 1976, un programme de recherches et développe...

  14. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticaria

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Zuberbier, T; Asero, R; Bindslev-Jensen, C

    2009-01-01

    and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO). As members of the panel, the authors had prepared their suggestions regarding management of urticaria before the meeting. The draft of the guideline took into account all available evidence....... In the choice of second-line treatment, both their costs and risk/benefit profiles are most important to consider. Corticosteroids are not recommended for long-term treatment due to their unavoidable severe adverse effects. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical...

  15. Personnel training at EDF's nuclear and fossil generation division and its application for the personnel of a nuclear power station abroad

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rabouhams, J.

    1991-01-01

    Safety in nuclear power stations relies so much upon human competence that the training of the personnel has to respond to the basic need of having personnel who are competent in their job permanently available. EDF has designed, organized and managed a large volume of training in order to provide its personnel involved in the operation of nuclear power station with initial training, training, retraining and improvement within the framework of quality organization. To deal with this training in the most efficient way EDF has developed various training aids ranging from booklets to fullscope simulator or fullscope mockups which are continually updated. All EDF experience has been used to train Daya Bay nuclear power plant personnel who have been monitored throughout the training programmes. Adequate safety conduct and attitudes including the socio-cultural background have been developed during the training. The principle teaching method was shadow training in other words the transfer in situ of knowledge, know how, and conduct from an experienced engineer. (author)

  16. EDF decommissioning programme a global commitment to safety, environment and cost efficiency of nuclear energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grenouillet, J.-J.

    2002-01-01

    EDF has 9 NPPs permanently shutdown and under decommissioning. EDF considers that if the nuclear option is to remain open, it is necessary to deal with increasing public concerns for environmental and waste management issues. Therefore EDF has decided to achieve total dismantling of all shutdown reactor in the next 25 years. The Decommissioning Program has been developed including 2 stages of activities. The first stage consists of: 1) Final dismantling of Brennilis in 2015; 2) A dismantling demonstration of a PWR reactor building (Chooz A) before starting replacing the population of PWRs currently in operation; 3) Final dismantling of reactor containment of a GCR (Bugey 1) as a first of its kind. The second stage includes: 1)Dismantling of following 5 GCR (Saint Laurent A1 and A2, Chinon A1, A2 and A3); 2) Final dismantling of Chooz A and Bugey 1 in 2025. The successful implementation relies on the simplification of the regulatory process; availability of treatment, conditioning and disposal facilities and effective nuclear industry. The main issue is availability of time and waste solutions such as opening of a Very Low Waste disposal in 2003 (130 000 tons); opening of a new disposal for graphite and radiferous wastes (17 000 tons) in 2010 and opening in 2007-2008 of a centralized interim storage (BANEDA) facility for long-lived Medium Level Wastes (500 tons including filters, control rods etc)Three investigations are to be carried out for high level radioactive waste before 2006

  17. Directed and persistent movement arises from mechanochemistry of the ParA/ParB system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hu, Longhua; Vecchiarelli, Anthony G; Mizuuchi, Kiyoshi; Neuman, Keir C; Liu, Jian

    2015-12-22

    The segregation of DNA before cell division is essential for faithful genetic inheritance. In many bacteria, segregation of low-copy number plasmids involves an active partition system composed of a nonspecific DNA-binding ATPase, ParA, and its stimulator protein ParB. The ParA/ParB system drives directed and persistent movement of DNA cargo both in vivo and in vitro. Filament-based models akin to actin/microtubule-driven motility were proposed for plasmid segregation mediated by ParA. Recent experiments challenge this view and suggest that ParA/ParB system motility is driven by a diffusion ratchet mechanism in which ParB-coated plasmid both creates and follows a ParA gradient on the nucleoid surface. However, the detailed mechanism of ParA/ParB-mediated directed and persistent movement remains unknown. Here, we develop a theoretical model describing ParA/ParB-mediated motility. We show that the ParA/ParB system can work as a Brownian ratchet, which effectively couples the ATPase-dependent cycling of ParA-nucleoid affinity to the motion of the ParB-bound cargo. Paradoxically, this resulting processive motion relies on quenching diffusive plasmid motion through a large number of transient ParA/ParB-mediated tethers to the nucleoid surface. Our work thus sheds light on an emergent phenomenon in which nonmotor proteins work collectively via mechanochemical coupling to propel cargos-an ingenious solution shaped by evolution to cope with the lack of processive motor proteins in bacteria.

  18. 1996, a turning point in the evolution of the EDF with good financial results; 1996, une annee charniere dans l'evolution d'EDF avec de bons resultants financiers

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-03-01

    This conference held on March 1997 presents the financial results obtained in 1996 by French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France). This year represented a turning point because essential landmarks were established in 1996. An european directive has been adopted in 1996 defining the framework in which european electricity market will function as well as the rules for its opening to competition. Discussions with the trade unions were conducted at the beginning of 1997and a social agreement aiming at the amelioration of services and hiring of 11,000 to 15,000 young people in the next three years. Finally, a new contract of enterprise with the state has been discussed and approved in March 5, 1997, which redefined the place and the role of EDF in the French economy, in the new stage of electricity market started by the opening to competition. The document contains the following 8 chapters: 1. Financial results and enterprise management; 2. Institutional frame and the relation with the state; 3. Development in France; 4. International development; 5. Alliances, partnerships and cooperation; 6. Management, social and human resources; 7. Environment; 8. Technical results.

  19. EDF'S ''OMF-structures'' RI-ISI process: overview of the methodology, applications and comparison with the other existing RI-ISI initiatives

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Codron, P.; Lauriot, B.; Dubreuil-Chambardel, A.

    2001-01-01

    The OMF-Structures process has been developed by EDF in order to optimise the maintenance of piping components. The principles of the OMF-Structures are consistent with the RCM concepts in EDF's OMF process (applied to active components). Several applications of this process have been performed. This paper also presents several applications which have been performed, notably on the AFW, RHR, and HPSI/LPSI systems of EDF's 900 MW PWR plants. These applications led to propose optimised preventive maintenance programs for these systems. These updated preventive maintenance programs confirmed and justified a large proportion of existing maintenance, despite some inspection tasks were suppressed and some inspection tasks were added. Globally, these new programs guarantee a better safety level, insuring that preventive maintenance is applied on piping segments where risks are concentrated. A comparative evaluation of the OMF-Structures process with the EPRI and WOG/ASME RI-ISI methodologies has been performed. This comparison demonstrated the consistence of the OMF-Structures principles and selection criteria with the other RI-ISI processes. (author)

  20. La política de la protesta en regímenes autoritarios: síntesis crítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Sánchez Barría

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Introducción A través de una revisión crítica de la literatura reciente, el ensayo explora la relación entre protesta contenciosa y regímenes autoritarios, y examina las dinámicas y consecuencias que emergen durante el conflicto político. Métodos Para lo anterior se discuten tres elementos que los especialistas han identificado como los principales en esta relación: oportunidades y amenazas políticas; ciclos de protesta y sostenibilidad de los movimientos sociales; y la relación entre violencia estatal y acción colectiva. Resultados La recurrencia de la protesta en regímenes represivos muestra la capacidad de la sociedad civil para articular este tipo de acciones contenciosas. Discusión No obstante, las trayectorias y resultados dependen, por una parte, de las características políticas del régimen y la competencia del gobierno para responder a los desafíos colectivos; y, por otra parte, de la capacidad de los oponentes de montar ciclos de protestas densos en participación durante un periodo significativo, del tipo de tácticas adoptadas, y de la capacidad de adaptación y resiliencia a la violencia estatal.

  1. EDF: contribution to local development and the protection of the environment

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Parot, F.; Veyret, G.

    1995-01-01

    As a consequence of the 1982-1983 French Decentralization laws, local elected officials were entrusted with new responsibilities concerning environmental protection and local development. EDF, the French public electricity utility therefore had to respond to new demands. New forms of cooperation with the various local actors were imagined: assistance in diagnostics, working out local strategies, subcontracting and working for the establishment of new industrial plants, multi-purpose water management (dams for example), environment protection (discreet lines...), urban waste treatment, transportation, etc

  2. EDF decommissioning and dismantling policy a global commitment to safety, environment and cost efficiency of nuclear energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Rondeau, J.

    2001-01-01

    Until recently, EDF's policy regarding the dismantling of its decommissioned nuclear power plants was to reach 'level 2' (release of non-nuclear facilities) and to postpone final dismantling for another 30-40 years. Today, some studies suggest that a full deconstruction program of the first generation NPPs (9 units) could be optimized over the period 2000 - 2025. EDF has acquired during the last ten years an unique experience, both as an operator and as an engineering company, in the frame of the decommissioning programme of its own NPPs. Many types of reactors, including graphite moderated one, PWR, are at varying stages of the dismantling process.Plant operation quality is at the core of a satisfactory control of releases. Over the last decade, as a result of the efforts of all operating sites associated with good in-house operating practice feedback, the overall release volume has been divided by two, and the release activity by one hundred. Another issue given increased attention is radiological cleanliness. EDF-DPN launched a 'radiological cleanliness' action plan revolving around two main themes: increased monitoring of nuclear-related transportations, site entrance and access to controlled areas, along with on-site radiological cleanliness, particularly during maintenance work tasks. Progress is already apparent in several points at issue and the overall objective of the action plan should be attained. (author)

  3. Mecanismos fisiológicos implicados en la ansiedad previa a exámenes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Annia Yolanda del Toro Añel

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available En el campo de la salud mental, llama la atención de clínicos e investigadores la situación de los estudiantes universitarios en cuanto al estrés académico, puesto que las exigencias en este sentido, particularmente la presión ante los exámenes, es reconocida por los propios jóvenes como uno de los factores más estresantes que genera estados de ansiedad en ellos y, por ende, afecta su rendimiento académico. En este artículo se destacan las interacciones entre el sistema nervioso y endocrino, así como las influencias del estrés psicológico sobre el rendimiento académico

  4. Round robin test for zirconium alloys in 400 deg C steam: results from EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Blat, M.

    1994-01-01

    The EDF Material Studies Branch has participated in the Round Robin program of uniform corrosion on zirconium alloys. The objectives of these Round Robin corrosion tests are to generate new uniform corrosion weight gain date utilizing modern zirconium alloy products and to improve the International and ASTM standards. (author). 2 tabs., 7 appendix., 2 refs

  5. Ageing management of EDF NPP concrete structures: from the theory to the reality

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gallitre, E.; Brunet, C.

    2009-01-01

    This paper presents EDF practice about concrete structure ageing management, from the materials analysis to the formal procedure which allows EDF to increase 900 MWe NPP lifetime until 40 years. This practice is based on a methodology which identifies every ageing mechanism, then both plants feedback and state of the art are screened and conclusions are drawn up and taken into account into an 'ageing analysis data sheet'. That leads to a collection of 57 data sheets: if the data sheet conclusion is not clear enough, then a more detailed report is launched. This ageing management detailed report gathers every theoretical knowledge and monitoring data; its objective is to propose a solution for ageing management: this solution can include more inspections or specific research development. After a first practise on the 34 French 900 MWe PWR units, only 2 generic ageing management detailed reports have been needed for the civil engineering part: one about reactor building containment which focuses on two mechanisms: steel liner corrosion and pre-stress losses, and one about other structures which focuses on Alkali-Aggregate Reaction (AAR). (authors)

  6. Definition of a post-Fukushima hard core for EDF's PWRs: objectives, content and associated requirements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2014-01-01

    After having recalled the implementation of the additional safety assessments (ECS) on the French nuclear reactors after the Fukushima accident, and that, after these assessments, ASN asked EDF to implement a 'hard core of robust material and organisational measures' which aim at preventing an accident with a core fusion or at limiting its progress, at limiting massive radioactive releases, and at enabling the operator to perform his required missions in crisis management, this report indicates the objectives of this hard core, and discusses the material measures proposed by EDF. These measures concern the exploited reactors and the EPR Flamanville 3, the pools present in the fuel and reactor buildings. It also discusses the requirements associated with these material measures, notably with respect to earthquake, flooding or other extreme events

  7. Round robin test for zirconium alloys in 400 deg C steam: results from EDF; Essais interlaboratoires de corrosion generalisee en milieu vapeur a 400 deg C d`alliages de zirconium: resultats d`EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Blat, M.

    1994-01-01

    The EDF Material Studies Branch has participated in the Round Robin program of uniform corrosion on zirconium alloys. The objectives of these Round Robin corrosion tests are to generate new uniform corrosion weight gain date utilizing modern zirconium alloy products and to improve the International and ASTM standards. (author). 2 tabs., 7 appendix., 2 refs.

  8. Fine numerical modelling of thermohydraulic phenomena in EDF PWR reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boulot, F.

    1993-01-01

    Over the last 20 years, EDF has developed a family of 2D and 3D industrial thermohydraulics software to solve problems encountered in existing PWR power plants and to design new reactors for the future. The equations used in the models are the averaged Navier-Stokes and energy equations. A brief description is given of the four main codes developed for single-phase and two-phase water-steam flows, some of which use finite differences or finite volumes methods, while others make use of finite elements methods. An example of application is given for each code. (author). 4 figs., 4 refs

  9. Saving more to consume more. EDF's communication ambiguities during the energy saving era

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bouvier, Yves

    2012-01-01

    Since 1974, EDF is placed between a communication scheme imposed for energy savings and an industrial strategy of massive investment in nuclear power. In ten years, the company managed to increase households electricity consumption without advertising, due in particular to electric heating. But strong tensions were generated by this situation and led the company to develop an institutional communication to the employees and to the general public

  10. La insurgencia reprimida. Regímenes de Seguridad Nacional contra la revolución

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pedro Rivas Nieto

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se estudia tanto el concepto que los regímenes de Seguridad Nacional tenían de la llamada guerra revolucionaria como la respuesta que le dieron. Allá en donde implantaron su dominio -especialmente en el Cono Sur de América- pensaban que las guerras revolucionarias eran nuevas técnicas de lucha más que un tipo definido de guerra, que todas respondían al mismo modelo revolucionario y que eran la estrategia del comunismo internacional para adueñarse del mundo. Por eso atacaron con especial dureza a los movimientos de izquierda, pensando que eran la avanzadilla moscovita para acabar con las democracias latinoamericanas.

  11. Nuclear reactor (1960); Reacteurs nucleaires (1960)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maillard, M L [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires; Leo, M B [Electricite de France (EDF), 75 - Paris (France)

    1960-07-01

    The first French plutonium-making reactors G1, G2 and G3 built at Marcoule research center are linked to a power plant. The G1 electrical output does not offset the energy needed for operating this reactor. On the contrary, reactors G2 and G3 will each generate a net power of 25 to 30 MW, which will go into the EDF grid. This power is relatively small, but the information obtained from operation is great and will be helpful for starting up the power reactor EDF1, EDF2 and EDF3. The paper describes how, previous to any starting-up operation, the tests performed, especially those concerned with the power plant and the pressure vessel, have helped to bring the commissioning date closer. (author) [French] Les premiers reacteurs industriels plutonigenes francais G1 - G2 - G3 du Centre de Marcoule comportent une installation de recuperation d'energie. La production d'electricite de G1 ne compense pas l'energie depensee par ailleurs pour le fonctionnement de l'ensemble, par contre, G2 et G3 doivent fournir chacun une puissance de 25 a 30 MW au reseau national d'Electricite de France. Cette puissance est modeste, mais l'experience acquise grace a ces reacteurs est tres grande et c'est grace a elle qu'il nous sera possible de mettre en exploitation les reacteurs energetiques EDF1 - EDF2 - EDF3. Le memoire decrit comment, avant tout demarrage du reacteur, les essais effectues, en particulier ceux concernant l'installation de recuperation d'energie et le caisson, ont permis d'abreger la phase de montee en puissance. (auteur)

  12. EDF's nuclear safety approach for pressurized water reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanguy, P.; Kus, J.P.

    1987-01-01

    The realization of the important French program fifty-four units equipped with pressurized water reactors in service, or under construction-had led to the progressive implementation of an original approach in the field of nuclear safety. From an initial core consisting of the deterministic approach to safety devised on the other side of the Atlantic, which has been entirely preserved and often specified, further extras have been added which overall increase the level of safety of the installations, without any particular complications. This paper aims at presenting succinctly the outcome of the deliberation, which constitutes now the approach adopted by Electricite de France for the safety of nuclear units equipped with pressurized water reactors. This approach is explained in more detail in EDF's 'with book' on nuclear safety. (author)

  13. EDF'S nuclear safety approach for pressurized water reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tanguy, P.; Kus, J.P.

    1988-01-01

    The realization of the important French program fifty-four units equipped with pressurized water reactors in service, or under construction - had led to the progressive implementation of an original approach in the field of nuclear safety. From an initial core consisting of the deterministic approach to safety devised on the other side of the Atlantic, which has been entirely preserved and often specified, further extras have been added which overall increase the level of safety of the installations, without any particular complications. This paper aims at presenting succinctly the outcome of the deliberation, which constitutes now the approach adopted by Electricite de France for the safety of nuclear units equipped with pressurized water reactors. This approach is explained in more detail in EDF's white book on nuclear safety

  14. EDF steam generators fleet: In-operation monitoring of TSP blockage and tube fouling

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bertrand, P.; Gay, N.; Crinon, R. [Electricite De France (France)

    2012-07-01

    EDF operates 58 Pressurized Water Reactors in France. In the mid 2000‟s some of them have been affected by Steam Generators (SG) Tube Support Plates (TSP) blockage and U-tubes external surface fouling with iron oxides deposits due to corrosion of secondary-side components. These issues have been tackled by a global maintenance strategy of chemical cleanings and a method for in-operation monitoring of fouling and TSP blockage has been developed and is implemented since mid 2009. This monitoring is aimed at giving information for SG maintenance planning as regards non destructive examinations and chemical cleaning. This paper will first remind of the physical reasons of fouling and TSP blockage and identify the resulting stakes regarding safety and availability along with the action levers available to control both phenomena. Then details will be given on how in-operation monitoring of fouling and TSP blockage is carried out, using measurements of Wide Range water Level (WRL) and SG steam pressure during thermally stabilized periods. Information will also be given on how those data are analyzed and shared as well at a local as at a corporate level to participate in the planning of SG inspection and maintenance operations. Finally, possible refinements will be discussed, notably regarding the issue of WRL measurements reliability and the possibility to use the analysis of SG dynamic behavior during power transients to assess the TSP blockage ratio. In terms of „issues requiring discussion‟, the following are operational issues currently being investigated by EDF: 1. SG pressure can have quite large variations during one operating cycle (notably after a plant trip) and from one cycle to the other and generally pressure tends to decrease on a long-term basis. How can such variations be explained? What are the solutions to moderate/stop the pressure loss? 2. On some of the SG-models operated by EDF, hard curative Chemical Cleaning of the U-tubes didn't bring

  15. EDF EPR project: operating principles validation and human factor engineering program

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lefebvre, B.; Berard, E.; Arpino, J.-M.

    2005-01-01

    This article describes the specificities of the operating principles chosen by EDF for the EPR project as a result of an extensive Human Factor Engineering program successfully implemented in an industrial project context. The design process and its achievements benefit of the EDF experience feedback not only in term of NPP operation - including the fully computerized control room of the N4-serie - but also in term of NPP designer. The elements exposed hereafter correspond to the basic design phase of EPR HMI which has been completed and successfully validated by the end of 2003. The article aims to remind the context of the project which basically consists in designing a modern and efficient HMI taking into account the operating needs while relying on proven and reliable technologies. The Human Factor Engineering program implemented merges these both aspects by : 1) being fully integrated within the project activities and scheduling; 2) efficiently taking into account the users needs as well as the feasibility constraints by relying on a multidisciplinary design team including HF specialists, I and C specialists, Process specialists and experienced operator representatives. The resulting design process makes a wide use of experience feedback and experienced operator knowledge to complete largely the existing standards for providing a fully useable and successful design method in an industrial context. The article underlines the design process highlights that largely contribute to the successful implementation of a Human Factor Engineering program for EPR. (authors)

  16. Organization of training and teaching methods at Electricite de France (EDF)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Combe, J.

    1980-01-01

    The training of staff for the equipping, operating and servicing of EDF nuclear facilities was organized at a time when the undertaking had already developed its general training schemes and teaching methods. A brief account of these schemes and methods is given in the paper. Staff training at EDF was clearly devised with implicit regard for the educational and technological features of French society. This fact should not be forgotten when seeking to compare what is described here with developments abroad. The organization of training is based on a few relatively simple principles. The object of any training is to acquire competence, not just knowledge, and this calls for a combination of teaching and practical experience. Training programmes are drawn up taking into account the professional experience acquired in a particular trade, and training activities are, as far as possible, divorced from selection and examination procedures. The large number of workers needing to be trained in the nuclear field has led to standardization of training programmes. Teaching methods tend to be based on a combination of theoretical instruction and practical experience. Training thus involves the use of active or semi-active methods designed to promote familiarization with methods of working as well as the attainment of knowledge and ability. For these reasons, conditions of training as close as possible to actual work situations are created in the training centres, where great emphasis is placed on simulation techniques. (author)

  17. ''PSAD'' on-line monitoring and aid to diagnosis workstation: a monitoring tool for EDF power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morel, J.; Mazalerat, J.M.; Monnier, B.; Cordier, R.

    1993-01-01

    Like other electricity utilities, Electricite de France seeks to enhance the safety and availability of its nuclear power plants. To this end, for over ten years EDF has been installing on each plant unit two monitoring systems of its own design, one to monitor the primary cooling system, and the other, the turbogenerator set. Since the beginning of this project, widespread progress has been made in techniques of signal acquisition and processing, and in diagnosis using artificial intelligence methods. EDF has decided to call on these advanced techniques in developing its new-generation monitoring equipment, and to integrate them in its development of a workstation for on-line monitoring and diagnosis-support (PSAD: Poste de Surveillance et d'Aide au Diagnostic). PSAD will be a tool for on-line monitoring of the main components in nuclear power plants (initially the main coolant pumps and turbogenerator sets, and soon thereafter, monitoring of internal structures, detection of loose parts in the primary cooling system, etc.). PSAD will provide plant personnel with indispensable support in their diagnosis of the condition of plant equipment. It will integrate user-friendly, high-performance systems that also free the operator from many day-to-day tasks. PSAD will have a flexible architecture, for optimum distribution of the computing power where it is most needed, thereby improving the quality of the data. This paper presents the project objectives and describes work currently under way to implement EDF's diagnosis-support strategy for the years to come. (authors). 5 figs., 6 refs

  18. FooPar

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hargreaves, F. P.; Merkle, D.

    2013-01-01

    We present FooPar, an extension for highly efficient Parallel Computing in the multi-paradigm programming language Scala. Scala offers concise and clean syntax and integrates functional programming features. Our framework FooPar combines these features with parallel computing techniques. Foo......, results based on a empirical analysis on two supercomputers are given. We achieve close-to-optimal performance wrt. theoretical peak performance. Based on this result we conclude that FooPar allows programmers to fully access Scalas design features without suffering from performance drops when compared...

  19. Synthesis of the IRSN report on the management activities subcontracted by EDF in currently exploited pressurized water reactors. Opinion related to the management of activities subcontracted by EDF in currently exploited PWRs

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2015-01-01

    A first document proposes a synthesis of an assessment performed by the IRSN which more particularly addressed how the client (EDF) takes up nuclear safety challenges, and its ability to transmit them to the subcontractor and assess the way he takes them up, how the subcontractor adopts these safety issues and translate them into an adapted technical action, the efficiency of information transmission from the subcontractor to the operator, and the way EDF takes the evolution and increase of activities into account in its subcontracting management strategy on the medium and long terms in relationship with modifications generated by recent measures (additional safety assessments, project of lifetime extension). Another document states the opinion of the permanent group of experts for nuclear reactors on these issues, and outlines some specific aspects (unit outage and maintenance planning, risk analysis, intervention preparation and monitoring, return on experience and improvement of the management of subcontracted activities, evolution and increase of activities). Some recommendations are also stated. A third document is a letter sent by the ASN on the same issues which discusses problems and issues related to subcontracting and has been the basis of the IRSN assessment

  20. EDF studies on PWR vessel internal loading

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bellet, S.; Vallat, S.

    1998-01-01

    EDF has undertaken some mechanics and thermal-hydraulics studies with the objective of mastering plant phenomena today and in order to numerically predict the behaviour of vessel internals on units planned for the future. From some justifications already underway after in operation incidents (wear and drop time of RCCA rods, fuel deflection, adapter cracks, baffle bolt cracks) we intend to control reactor vessel flows and mechanical behaviour of internal structures. During normal operation, thermal-hydraulic is the main load of vessel internals. The current approach consists of acquiring the capacity to link different calculations, taking care that codes are qualified for physical phenomena and complex 3D geometries. For baffle assembly, a more simple model of this structure has been used to treat the physical phenomena linked to the LOCA transient. Results are encouraging mainly due to code capacity progression (resolution and models), which allows more and more complex physical phenomena to be treated, like turbulence flow and LOCA. (author)

  1. Nuclear Internet: Back to a future (at nucleaire.edf.fr)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Aubouin, Pascal [Electricite de France, Site Cap Ampere, 1, place Pleyel, 93282 Saint Denis Cedex (France); Borel, Remi [Electricite de France, Site Cap Ampere, 1, place Pleyel, 93282 Saint Denis Cedex (France)

    2001-07-01

    The world is changing. Environment and Health are key issues, especially in western countries. People start to worry about the impact of the products they use or eat and about their legacy to their children, on a worldwide scale : 'We do not inherit the earth from our parents; we borrow it from our children' is one of the current new motto for the ''citizens of Earth''. In such a context, nuclear energy is less accepted than before. The recent debate over the ozone layer, global warming and climate change, GMOs, mad-cow disease and most recently uranium-based ammunitions, cannot but reinforce the deep mistrust felt by large components of the society. Opponents to nuclear energy have found a new audience, and some political decisions take this evolution into account. This mistrust is reinforced by the absence of a direct link between EDF and the general public. However: a new attitude is emerging, which might be an opportunity for us. Citizens demand the right to know, the right to shape their own point of view, using first-hand information. Internet is an obvious answer to this need for more personal, human contact. This presentation discusses how do you establish a link with people browsing the net, so they can shape their own opinion about nuclear energy? A climate of trust is key, based on the following ingredients: Transparency; Responsibility and trustworthiness; Openness and Empathy; Innovation; Interactivity. An overview on 8 months activity is displayed. The EDF web site has improved since its launch and is still improving today. It is not considered a finished product.

  2. Nuclear Internet: Back to a future (at nucleaire.edf.fr)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Aubouin, Pascal; Borel, Remi

    2001-01-01

    The world is changing. Environment and Health are key issues, especially in western countries. People start to worry about the impact of the products they use or eat and about their legacy to their children, on a worldwide scale : 'We do not inherit the earth from our parents; we borrow it from our children' is one of the current new motto for the c itizens of Earth . In such a context, nuclear energy is less accepted than before. The recent debate over the ozone layer, global warming and climate change, GMOs, mad-cow disease and most recently uranium-based ammunitions, cannot but reinforce the deep mistrust felt by large components of the society. Opponents to nuclear energy have found a new audience, and some political decisions take this evolution into account. This mistrust is reinforced by the absence of a direct link between EDF and the general public. However: a new attitude is emerging, which might be an opportunity for us. Citizens demand the right to know, the right to shape their own point of view, using first-hand information. Internet is an obvious answer to this need for more personal, human contact. This presentation discusses how do you establish a link with people browsing the net, so they can shape their own opinion about nuclear energy? A climate of trust is key, based on the following ingredients: Transparency; Responsibility and trustworthiness; Openness and Empathy; Innovation; Interactivity. An overview on 8 months activity is displayed. The EDF web site has improved since its launch and is still improving today. It is not considered a finished product

  3. Phosphorylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ParB participates in regulating the ParABS chromosome segregation system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Baronian, Grégory; Ginda, Katarzyna; Berry, Laurence; Cohen-Gonsaud, Martin; Zakrzewska-Czerwińska, Jolanta; Jakimowicz, Dagmara; Molle, Virginie

    2015-01-01

    Here, we present for the first time that Mycobacterium tuberculosis ParB is phosphorylated by several mycobacterial Ser/Thr protein kinases in vitro. ParB and ParA are the key components of bacterial chromosome segregation apparatus. ParB is a cytosolic conserved protein that binds specifically to centromere-like DNA parS sequences and interacts with ParA, a weak ATPase required for its proper localization. Mass spectrometry identified the presence of ten phosphate groups, thus indicating that ParB is phosphorylated on eight threonines, Thr32, Thr41, Thr53, Thr110, Thr195, and Thr254, Thr300, Thr303 as well as on two serines, Ser5 and Ser239. The phosphorylation sites were further substituted either by alanine to prevent phosphorylation or aspartate to mimic constitutive phosphorylation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed a drastic inhibition of DNA-binding by ParB phosphomimetic mutant compared to wild type. In addition, bacterial two-hybrid experiments showed a loss of ParA-ParB interaction with the phosphomimetic mutant, indicating that phosphorylation is regulating the recruitment of the partitioning complex. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy experiments performed in the surrogate Mycobacterium smegmatis ΔparB strain revealed that in contrast to wild type Mtb ParB, which formed subpolar foci similar to M. smegmatis ParB, phoshomimetic Mtb ParB was delocalized. Thus, our findings highlight a novel regulatory role of the different isoforms of ParB representing a molecular switch in localization and functioning of partitioning protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

  4. Phosphorylation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ParB participates in regulating the ParABS chromosome segregation system.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Grégory Baronian

    Full Text Available Here, we present for the first time that Mycobacterium tuberculosis ParB is phosphorylated by several mycobacterial Ser/Thr protein kinases in vitro. ParB and ParA are the key components of bacterial chromosome segregation apparatus. ParB is a cytosolic conserved protein that binds specifically to centromere-like DNA parS sequences and interacts with ParA, a weak ATPase required for its proper localization. Mass spectrometry identified the presence of ten phosphate groups, thus indicating that ParB is phosphorylated on eight threonines, Thr32, Thr41, Thr53, Thr110, Thr195, and Thr254, Thr300, Thr303 as well as on two serines, Ser5 and Ser239. The phosphorylation sites were further substituted either by alanine to prevent phosphorylation or aspartate to mimic constitutive phosphorylation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed a drastic inhibition of DNA-binding by ParB phosphomimetic mutant compared to wild type. In addition, bacterial two-hybrid experiments showed a loss of ParA-ParB interaction with the phosphomimetic mutant, indicating that phosphorylation is regulating the recruitment of the partitioning complex. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy experiments performed in the surrogate Mycobacterium smegmatis ΔparB strain revealed that in contrast to wild type Mtb ParB, which formed subpolar foci similar to M. smegmatis ParB, phoshomimetic Mtb ParB was delocalized. Thus, our findings highlight a novel regulatory role of the different isoforms of ParB representing a molecular switch in localization and functioning of partitioning protein in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

  5. EDF ageing management program of nuclear components: a safety and economical issue

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faidy, C.

    2005-01-01

    Ageing management of Nuclear Power Plants is an essential issue for utilities, in term of safety and availability and corresponding economical consequences. Practically all nuclear countries have developed a systematic program to deal with ageing of components on their plants. This paper presents the ageing management program developed by EDF and that are compared with different other approaches in other countries (IAEA guidelines and GALL report). The paper presents a general overview of the programs, the major results, recommendations and conclusions. (author)

  6. Competition at the attack of EdF's dams

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    James, O.; Gateaud, P.; Dupin, L.

    2010-01-01

    The exploitation of French hydroelectric dams is at the eve of a big upheaval. EdF, the historical operator, and GdF Suez the French number two of hydropower generation are going to face the strong competition of the big European energy groups. France will open 20% of its hydroelectric potential to competition in order to be in agreement with the opening of energy markets imposed by the European Union, and to increase by 10% the hydroelectric power as requested by the French government policy. The candidates will have to fulfill 3 criteria: investing to increase production, reducing the environmental impacts, and accepting the principle of paying fees. However, some of the French dams suffer from serious pathologies and the health of thousands of small dams remains unknown because of the lack of available data. (J.S.)

  7. Crisis communication and EDF's power grid paralysis from the 1970's to the 2000's

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gautreau, Arthur

    2009-01-01

    The power failure of 19 December 1978 and the storms of December 1999 were two critical moments in crisis communication for EDF. If the difficult situations or else the disasters were effectively anticipated, only these actual situations had allowed improving the Company's communication schemes and systems. Since the years 1950 and the program of hydraulic equipment, EDF had obviously developed a communication department that was enhanced with the launch of the nuclear program. Similarly, a 'crisis communication' was permanently ready, namely in the cases of storm or snowfall. The power failure of 19 December 1978 occurred whilst the company had an active scheme, but it is its sheer size that surprised. As it obliged to resort to the national media (radio) to inform the users without electricity. If the network had not been affected in 1978, things were quite different during the storms of 1999. And communication was then focused on mobilizing the Company's employees to restore electricity. In both cases, the feedback from experience has allowed to improve the communication schemes and systems

  8. 1996, a turning point in the evolution of the EDF with good financial results

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-03-01

    This conference held on March 1997 presents the financial results obtained in 1996 by French Electricity Company EDF (Electricite de France). This year represented a turning point because essential landmarks were established in 1996. An european directive has been adopted in 1996 defining the framework in which european electricity market will function as well as the rules for its opening to competition. Discussions with the trade unions were conducted at the beginning of 1997 and a social agreement aiming at the amelioration of services and hiring of 11,000 to 15,000 young people in the next three years. Finally, a new contract of enterprise with the state has been discussed and approved in March 5, 1997, which redefined the place and the role of EDF in the French economy, in the new stage of electricity market started by the opening to competition. The document contains the following 8 chapters: 1. Financial results and enterprise management; 2. Institutional frame and the relation with the state; 3. Development in France; 4. International development; 5. Alliances, partnerships and cooperation; 6. Management, social and human resources; 7. Environment; 8. Technical results

  9. The de-construction programme for EDF'S first generation power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zask, G.; Corcuff, A.

    2003-01-01

    Before 2001 EDF had adopted a 'long wait' scenario for the de-construction of nuclear power plants, consisting of waiting for a period of 5 to 10 years for IAEA level 2 (partial release of the site), then postponing the total de-construction of the facility for 25 to 50 years, in order to benefit from the natural decay of the radioactivity and thereby reduce the dosimetry of the personnel and the costs. Today, as regards the 8 power plants of the first generation and Creys-Malville, EDF has decided to undertake the total de-construction over a period of 25 years of all its reactors that have ceased commercial operation. The forecast cost of this programme amounts to Euro 3 billion. It thus intends to demonstrate its capacity to control, within the scale of the human lifespan, the entire life cycle of its nuclear power plants, while minimising the impact on man and the environment. This choice of immediate dismantling for the power plants of the first generation does not prejudge what will be done, when the time comes, for the PWR plants currently in operation. The paper has the following contents: 1. General; 2.The facilities concerned; 3. Chronological sequence adopted for de-construction; 4. Milestones and critical paths; 4.1. Simplification of the administrative procedures; 4.2. The waste channels; 4.3. Industrial organisation; 4.3.1. Creation of Centre d'Ingenierie De-construction et Environnement (CIDEN); 4.3.2. Responsibilities, interfaces and co-ordination of the various departments concerned (Role of owner: Responsibility as nuclear operator; Overall co-ordination; Operational steering of projects); 4.3.3. Internal authorization process; 4.3.4. Obtaining and maintaining skills (Training; Environment; De-construction; Radiological protection, radiology, radioecology; Processing of waste and approval of the cycle); 4.3.5. Monitoring of works and surveillance of service providers; 4.3.6. Radiological protection, environment; 4.3.7. Control of conventional

  10. Drugi pored mene. Antologija priča i eseja pisaca Jugoistočne Evrope (anthologie éditée par Ričard Švarc

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pieter Troch

    2009-02-01

    Full Text Available L’anthologie Drugi pored mene… (L’Autre à côté de moi. Anthologie de nouvelles et d’essais d’écrivains de l’Europe du sud-est comprend vingt et une nouvelles et essais écrits par des auteurs contemporains serbes (David Albahari, Vladimir Arsenijević, László Végel, Charles Simic, Biljana Srbljanović, Dragan Velikić, kosovars (Beqë Cufaj, croates (Slavenka Drakulić, Bora Ćosić, Miljenko Jergović, Irena Vrkljan, bulgares (Dimitré Dinev, Vladimir Zarev, bosniaques (Aleksandar Hemon, Saša Sta...

  11. ParA and ParB coordinate chromosome segregation with cell elongation and division during Streptomyces sporulation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Donczew, Magdalena; Mackiewicz, Paweł; Wróbel, Agnieszka; Flärdh, Klas; Zakrzewska-Czerwińska, Jolanta

    2016-01-01

    In unicellular bacteria, the ParA and ParB proteins segregate chromosomes and coordinate this process with cell division and chromosome replication. During sporulation of mycelial Streptomyces, ParA and ParB uniformly distribute multiple chromosomes along the filamentous sporogenic hyphal compartment, which then differentiates into a chain of unigenomic spores. However, chromosome segregation must be coordinated with cell elongation and multiple divisions. Here, we addressed the question of whether ParA and ParB are involved in the synchronization of cell-cycle processes during sporulation in Streptomyces. To answer this question, we used time-lapse microscopy, which allows the monitoring of growth and division of single sporogenic hyphae. We showed that sporogenic hyphae stop extending at the time of ParA accumulation and Z-ring formation. We demonstrated that both ParA and ParB affect the rate of hyphal extension. Additionally, we showed that ParA promotes the formation of massive nucleoprotein complexes by ParB. We also showed that FtsZ ring assembly is affected by the ParB protein and/or unsegregated DNA. Our results indicate the existence of a checkpoint between the extension and septation of sporogenic hyphae that involves the ParA and ParB proteins. PMID:27248800

  12. Efecto de diferentes regímenes de fertilización sobre la relación fitoplancton-bacteríoplancton en mesocosmos

    OpenAIRE

    Monserrate Vite, Marita Elizabeth

    2003-01-01

    Efecto de diferentes regímenes de fertilización sobre la relación fitoplancton-bacterioplancton en mesocosmos Se estudió el efecto de la adición de fertilizantes inorgánicos y orgánicos sobre la relación bacterioplancton – fitoplancton en mesocosmos (24 tanques de una tonelada de capacidad), llenados con agua del canal reservorio de la camaronera COFIMAR (Palmar, Ecuador).

  13. Diseño y validación de la plataforma PLEVALEX como respuesta a los retos de diseño de exámenes de lenguas para fines específicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jesús García Laborda

    2007-10-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo describe las necesidades de diseño y validación que llevaron al desarrollo de la Plataforma de Evaluación Valenciana de Lenguas Extranjeras (PLEVALEX para exámenes orales y escritos a través de Internet. Aunque la plataforma es multilingüe, en este trabajo nos referiremos a su uso para exámenes de inglés con fines específicos. La plataforma fue desarrollada por el Grupo de Investigación en Lenguas para Fines Específicos (GILFE de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia. La validación se hizo en cooperación con el Centro de Investigación en Tecnologías Gráficas (CITG de la misma universidad. La prueba de ergonomía se realizó a tres niveles: diseñadores, expertos y usuarios. El seguimiento realizado con estudiantes de comunicación audiovisual y profesores de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia indicó una reacción positiva hacia la plataforma de exámenes en red.

  14. Fuel operation of EDF nuclear fleet presentation of the centralized organization for operational engineering at the nuclear generation division

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paulin, Ph.

    2006-01-01

    The main feature of EDF Nuclear Fleet is the standardization, with 'series' of homogeneous plants (same equipment, fuel and operation technical documents). For fuel operation, this standardization is related to the concept of 'fuel management scheme' (typical fuel reloads with fixed number and enrichment of fresh assemblies) for a whole series of plants. The context of the Nuclear Fleet lead to the choice of a centralized organization for fuel engineering at the Nuclear Generation Division (DPN), located at UNIPE (National Department for Fleet Operation Engineering) in Lyon. The main features of this organization are the following: - Centralization of the engineering activities for fuel operation support in the Fuel Branch of UNIPE, - Strong real-time link with the nuclear sites, - Relations with various EDF Departments in charge of design, nuclear fuel supply and electricity production optimization. The purposes of the organization are: - Standardization of operational engineering services and products, - Autonomy with independent methods and computing tools, - Reactivity with a technical assistance for sites (24 hours 'hot line'), - Identification of different levels (on site and off site) to solve core operation problems, - Collection, analysis and valorization of operation feedback, - Contribution to fuel competence global management inside EDF. This paper briefly describes the organization. The main figures of annual engineering production are provided. A selection of examples illustrates the contribution to the Nuclear Fleet performance. (authors)

  15. The cycle of the nuclear fuel used in EDF power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-11-01

    This document briefly indicates the different stages of the nuclear fuel cycle, from the purchase of natural uranium to waste storage. It also indicates the main responsibilities of EDF regarding this fuel cycle (to secure supplies, to organise material transportation, to process and store used fuels and associated wastes). It presents the different associated processes: uranium extraction, purification and concentration, conversion or fluoridation, enrichment. It briefly describes the fuel assembly fabrication, and indicates the main uranium producers in the world. Other addressed steps are: the transportation of fuel assembly, fuel loading, and spent fuel management, the processing of spent fuel and radioactive wastes

  16. Par Pond water balance

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Hiergesell, R.A.; Dixon, K.L.

    1996-06-01

    A water budget for the Par Pond hydrologic system was established in order to estimate the rate of groundwater influx to Par Pond. This estimate will be used in modeling exercises to predict Par Pond reservoir elevation and spillway discharge in the scenario where Savannah River water is no longer pumped and discharged into Par Pond. The principal of conservation of mass was used to develop the water budget, where water inflow was set equal to water outflow. Components of the water budget were identified, and the flux associated with each was determined. The water budget was considered balanced when inflow and outflow summed to zero. The results of this study suggest that Par Pond gains water from the groundwater system in the upper reaches of the reservoir, but looses water to the groundwater system near the dam. The rate of flux of groundwater from the water table aquifer into Par Pond was determined to be 13 cfs. The rate of flux from Par Pond to the water table aquifer near the dam was determined to be 7 cfs

  17. MERMOS: an EDF project to update the PHRA methodology (Probabilistic Human Reliability Assessment)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Bot, Pierre; Desmares, E.; Bieder, C.; Cara, F.; Bonnet, J.L.

    1998-01-01

    To account for successive evolution of nuclear power plants emergency operation, EDF had several times to review PHRA methodologies. It was particularly the case when event-based procedures were left behind to the benefit of state-based procedures. A more recent updating was necessary to get pieces of information on the new unit type N4 safety. The extent of changes in operation for this unit type (especially the computerization of both the control room and the procedures) required to deeply rethink existing PHRA methods. It also seemed necessary to - more explicitly than in the past - base the design of methods on concepts evolved in human sciences. These are the main ambitions of the project named MERMOS that started in 1996. The design effort for a new PHRA method is carried out by a multidisciplinary team involving reliability engineers, psychologists and ergonomists. An independent expert is in charge of project review. The method, considered as the analysis tool dedicated to PHRA analysts, is one of the two outcomes of the project. The other one is the formalization of the design approach for the method, aimed at a good appropriation of the method by the analysts. EDF's specificity in the field of PHRA and more generally PSA is that the method is not used by the designers but by analysts. Keeping track of the approach is also meant to guarantee its transposition to other EDF unit types such as 900 or 1300 MW PWR. The PHRA method is based upon a model of emergency operation called 'SAD model'. The formalization effort of the design approach lead to clarify and justify it. The model describes and explains both functioning and dys-functioning of emergency operation in PSA scenarios. It combines a systemic approach and what is called distributed cognition in cognitive sciences. Collective aspects are considered as an important feature in explaining phenomena under study in operation dys-functioning. The PHRA method is to be operational early next year (1998

  18. PRE-EXÁMENES COMO UNA ESTRATEGIA DIDÁCTICA EN LOS CURSOS DE FÍSICA (SAMPLE TEST AS A TEACHING STRATEGY IN PHYSICS COURSES

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morales Ríos Herbert

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available Resumen:Se describe la experiencia del uso de pre-exámenes o exámenes de prueba como una estrategia didáctica para el mejoramiento en el rendimiento y en el desempeño estudiantil en los cursos propios de la carrera de física. El objetivo principal de la experiencia era determinar, a priori, las deficiencias, tanto matemáticas como físicas, que tiene el estudiantado, corregirlas antes de administrarle el examen definitivo y establecer una evaluación formativa en el curso. En particular, el tema evaluado era el de oscilaciones lineales del curso de Mecánica Teórica. Se detalla en qué consiste dicha estrategia, la motivación de su implementación y los roles tanto docente como estudiantil. Se analizan los resultados de la experiencia para concluir con las bondades, limitaciones y proyecciones futuras del uso de los pre-exámenes, con el fin de mostrarlos como una herramienta más dentro de la labor docente universitaria.Abstract:We discuss our experience of using sample tests as a teaching strategy that allows us to improve the student grades in courses that belong to the College Physics Program. The main purpose of our experience was to find out the common mistakes both in mathematics and in physics made by the students and to correct them before the actual test, so that we could accomplish a formative evaluation. In particular, the evaluated subject was linear oscillations in the Classical Mechanics course. We describe what the strategy consists of, our motivation for using it and both the professor and the student roles. We analyze our results obtained in its implementation to conclude with the pros and cons of this teaching strategy and also with its future applications as a useful tool for improving college teaching.

  19. Application of the probabilistic method at the E.D.F

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gachot, Bernard

    1976-01-01

    Having first evoked the problems arising from the definition of a so-called 'acceptable risk', the probabilistic study programme on safety carried out at the E.D.F. is described. The different aspects of the probabilistic estimation of a hazard are presented as well as the different steps i.e. collecting the information, carrying out a quantitative and qualitative analysis, which characterize the probabilistic study of safety problems. The problem of data determination is considered on reliability of the equipment, noting as a conclusion, that in spite of the lack of accuracy of the present data, the probabilistic methods already appear as a highly valuable tool favouring an homogenous and coherent approach of nuclear plant safety [fr

  20. EDF Contribution to the Mochovce completion and safety upgrading project

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Norvez, G.

    1997-01-01

    The challenge that SE a.s. took up in April 1996 to start Mochovce units 1 and 2 within a very demanding time frame and in satisfactory conditions is on the way to being wined. EMO managed to put in place an organisation able to ensure the continuity of the design and construction works and to integrate the requirements of modern safety. EDF is proud and happy to contribute to this effort by making available its expertise and experience in building and operating nuclear power plants. The success of Mochovce will not only contribute to the Slovak electricity needs coverage, but will be the first demonstration of a soviet design nuclear power plant brought to international safety standards. (author)

  1. suPAR

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hodges, Gethin W; Bang, Casper N; Wachtell, Kristian

    2015-01-01

    The fundamental role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) has prompted interest in numerous biomarkers that detect subclinical levels of inflammation. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a novel biomarker that correlates significantly with cardiovascular events ...... comprehensive review of suPAR in CVD and explore its function and usefulness in predicting cardiovascular events....

  2. Perspectives de développement de la production industrielle d'hydrogène par électrolyse alcaline avancée Development Outlook for Industrial Hydrogen Production by Advanced Alkaline Electrolysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Derive C.

    2006-11-01

    Full Text Available Dans les conditions du développement du programme nucléaire français qui permettent une production d'électricité à un coût intéressant en heures creuses, la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse de l'eau peut être envisagée à moyen terme en compétition avec les autres procédés de fabrication d'hydrogène tels que le reformage de gaz naturel. Dans le cadre de leur coopération, Électricité de France (EDF et le Gaz de France (GDF conduisent, depuis 1976, un programme de recherches et développement sur la production d'hydrogène par électrolyse alcaline de l'eau ayant pour but, par comparaison avec des installations existantes, de réduire le coût d'investissement et de conserver un rendement identique. Les études préalables ont montré que ces objectifs pouvaient être atteints par une électrolyse avancée avec élévation de la densité de courant et de la température. Ces contraintes techniques ont conduit EDF et le GDF à lancer des études sur la tenue chimique et la résistance mécanique des matériaux, sur une sélection de composants de cellules adaptés et sur l'amélioration de la conception d'ensemble des installations. Les deux groupements industriels français - pilotés par Alsthom-Atlantique et Creusot-Loire - associés à ces travaux depuis 1979, ont fixé les conditions de fonctionnement suivantes : - électrolyte à base de potasse (40 % en masse; - température de 120 et 160°C; - pression de 30 et 70 bar. Dans un premier temps, les constructeurs ont réalisé une étude technico-économique sur la production massive d'hydrogène à partir d'usines de puissance d'environ 300 MWe, fourni les plans de détail d'une installation pilote de 2 MWe et entrepris la qualification de leurs choix technologiques sur des boucles-prototypes de 25-30 kWe. Afin de valider plus complètement les choix retenus et d'approfondir les problèmes d'extrapolation à des électrolyseurs de grande taille, les essais sur boucles

  3. C9.A/14 steelwork joints de poutres par plaque frontale : assemblages par gousset

    CERN Document Server

    2015-01-01

    Les Tables de résistances ultimes des assemblages boulonnés par plaque frontale et par gousset, complétées par une description des modèles de calcul et des exemples d’application, ont pour but de faciliter la tâche de l'ingénieur et du constructeur. Cette première partie C9.A/14 contient les chapitres suivants: - Joints de poutres par plaque frontale en acier S235 et S355 - Assemblages par gousset en acier S235 et S355 Les Tables contiennent des données relatives à la géométrie ainsi que les valeurs de calcul correspondantes des résistances ultimes des assemblages ; elles remplacent le chapitre « Assemblages par plaques frontales et boulons HR » des anciennes Tables C9.1 de 1983 / 2002. Le calcul de ces assemblages par plaque frontale est basé sur les hypothèses du modèle de la méthode des composants décrite dans la norme SN EN 1993-1-8. Les vérifications sont effectuées selon la norme SIA 263:2013. Les assemblages par gousset remplacent les assemblages par double cornière, (telle...

  4. Mortality among active workers at EDF-GDF: social and occupational disparities and evolution

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poncet, M.; Chevalier, A.; Bumsel, F.; Lahon, G.

    2003-01-01

    Background: Two studies, conducted in the eighties and the nineties, reported that mortality was lower- in the French national electric and gas company (EDF-GDF) the utility workers than in the general French Population. The purpose of our study was to compare the mortality of these 140.000 utility workers to that of the French population of the same age for the period from 1997 to 2001. Secondly we aimed to assess the disparities of mortality among the workforce according to demographic and socio-professional criteria. Finally, we analyzed the evolution of this mortality over the last twenty years. Methods: We undertook a cross-sectional study using the indirect standardization method. Results: Risk of death was lower in the utility workers than in the French Population (SMR=54% for men, and 58% for women). These differences had increased over the last twenty years for each main cause of death (cancers, cardio-vascular diseases and accidents). The reported excess of brain cancer death risk raises etiologic questions. Moreover; we noticed important social disparities in the workforce, increasing with tune. Conclusion: The well-known 'healthy worker effect' seems to be particularly important in the EDF-GDF company. The workers have a high level of living conditions and good working conditions, although internal social disparities persist. Further studies in other large corporations are greatly needed for comparisons. (author)

  5. Parásitos intestinales, desnutrición y condiciones de vida de niños en Urabá (Colombia: soledad y olvido

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Carmona-Fonseca

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available AntecedentesLas parasitosis intestinales y el hambre y la desnutrición son manifestación de las desigualdades prevalecientes en salud, determinadas por inequidad social, económica y política. Estos problemas de salud pública tienen elevada frecuencia mundial y poco se hace por resolverlos, a pesar de existir los conocimientos y herramientas científico-tecnológicos para hacerlo.ObjetivoMedir las prevalencias de desnutrición y parásitos intestinales patógenos en niños del Urabá Antioqueño, en Colombia, y analizarlas según las condiciones de vida imperantes.MetodologíaEl estudio se hizo en Turbo (Urabá, en menores de 15 años, con diseño descriptivo prospectivo (encuesta de prevalencia. Los niños se captaron en sus casas o escuelas. Se hicieron exámenes coprológico, hemograma, ferritina, retinol, proteína C reactiva.ResultadosSe evaluaron 1600 niños y hallamos: desnutrición crónica en 25%; hemoglobina menor de 11 g/dL en 45%; ferritina y retinol bajos en 20% y 26%, respectivamente; parásitos intestinales patógenos en 87%.ConclusionesLos hallazgos, analizados en función de información disponible, revelan peor situación sanitaria y social de los niños y familias de Urabá, comparada con el panorama general de Antioquia. Desnutrición, anemia y deficiencias de hierro y vitamina A están presentes en una proporción muy alta. Parásitos, hambre y desnutrición coexisten en los menores de 15 años de Urabá. Las condiciones de vida vigente en Urabá generan y mantienen las condiciones descritas, al tiempo que impiden mejorarlas y resolver los problemas.

  6. The taxation of unhealthy energy-dense foods (EDFs) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs): An overview of patterns observed in the policy content and policy context of 13 case studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hagenaars, Luc Louis; Jeurissen, Patrick Paulus Theodoor; Klazinga, Niek Sieds

    2017-08-01

    Taxation of energy-dense foods (EDFs) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is increasingly of interest as a novel public health and fiscal policy instrument. However academic interest in policy determinants has remained limited. We address this paucity by comparing the policy content and policy context of EDF/SSB taxes witnessed in 13 case studies, of which we assume the tax is sufficiently high to induce behavioural change. The observational and non-randomized studies published on our case studies seem to indicate that the EDF/SSB taxes under investigation generally had the desired effects on prices and consumption of targeted products. The revenue collection of EDF/SSB taxes is minimal yet significant. Administrative practicalities in tax levying are important, possibly explaining why a drift towards solely taxing SSBs can be noted, as these can be demarcated more easily, with levies seemingly increasing in more recent case studies. Despite the growing body of evidence suggesting that EDF/SSB taxes have the potential to improve health, fiscal needs more often seem to lay their policy foundation rather than public health advocacy. A remarkable amount of conservative/liberal governments have adopted these taxes, although in many cases revenues are earmarked for benefits compensating regressive income effects. Governments voice diverse policy rationales, ranging from explicitly describing the tax as a public health instrument, to solely explicating revenue raising. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. A computer - aided system for the the E.D.F. 1400 MW. Nuclear power plants control

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Beltranda, G.; Philipps, C.

    1988-01-01

    The future E.D.F. 1400 MW nuclear power plants (due to be commissioned in 1991 at CHOOZ) are provided with a control and instrumentation system including the following levels: - sensors and actuators (LEVEL 0): this is the interface of the elementary acquisition and control signals; - the programmable logical and numerical controllers (LEVEL 1) for the logical control sequences and analog adjustment sequences for the whole equipment of the facilities; - the control room (LEVEL 2) including the computer-aided operation system as well as the wall mimic diagram and the auxiliary panel directly connected to the controllers. This is the processing and control conversational level; - the maintenance and site computer-aided systems (LEVEL 3). This paper aims at describing the computer-aided operation system (called KIC N4), its main functions, its architecture and the solutions retained as regards its softwares and the high-quality of data required. The achievement of this system has been entrusted by EDF to the SEMA. METRA/CIMSA-SINTRA grouping, among which SEMA.METRA is the leading company

  8. A resilient, robust and active managing of a nuclear crisis is essential for the EDF group

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Delamare, V.

    2016-01-01

    As a producer, a transmission and a dispatcher company of electricity, the EDF group has to face technological and industrial risks. The EDF group has set up a robust organisation for managing nuclear crisis. As soon as an incident appears in a nuclear power plant the PUI is triggered, this emergency plan allows the mobilization of humane and equipment means necessary to bring back the plant to a safe state. Between 60 and 80 people on duty have to join back their post in less than one hour. The crisis is also managed at a national scale by the activation of 4 crisis cells situated in Paris: the operational cell that will bring extra humane and equipment means to the damaged facility if necessary, the communication cell dedicated to the information of the media, the strategic cell that will supervise the consequences of the incident in terms of technological, legal, financial or societal impacts and the anticipation cell that will be able to analyse the response to the crisis in a critical way making suggestions for the future. (A.C.)

  9. EdF competing in the European electricity market. Interview with Francois Ailleret, Electricite de France, Paris

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1996-01-01

    The French nuclear power program was pushed through in order to reduce the country's dependence on imported fossil sources of energy. Nuclear power and hydro power have achieved a level of self-sufficiency in the energy sector of more than 50%. It should be emphasized that the French nuclear power program was largely self-financed. Electricite de France (EdF) considers itself well prepared for the European market, provided the creation of the single market implies that electricity rates are taken as a yardstick of competitiveness. Negotiations about a European directive on deregulating the electricity market were for the government to hold. EdF pleaded in favor of preserving for each country a certain leeway for shaping its own policy. The road to deregulation was to be opened, but the specific situation of each country was to be taken electricity to be passed through imposes narrow constraints upon an expansion of exchanges of electricity, and public acceptance is not very likely to be achieved for the construction of new international high voltage transmission lines. (orig.) [de

  10. EDF decommissioning programme: A global commitment to safety, environment and cost efficiency of nuclear energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chatry, Jean-Paul

    2002-01-01

    Nowadays, decommissioning of nuclear power plants has become a key issue for nuclear industry in Europe. The phasing out of nuclear energy in Germany, Belgium and Sweden, as well as the early closure of nuclear units in applicant countries in the frame of EU enlargement, has largely contributed to consider decommissioning as the next challenge to face. The situation is slightly different in France: nuclear energy is still considered as a safe, cost-effective and environment friendly energy source and EDF is still working on the development of a new generation of reactor to replace the existing one. Nevertheless, to achieve this objective, it will be necessary to get the support of political decision-makers and the acceptance of public opinion. The increasing mobilisation of EDF for the decommissioning of its already shutdown NPPs shows its willingness to demonstrate its capacity to control the nuclear life cycle from end to end. The successful implementation of its decommissioning programme will not mean the end of nuclear energy as an efficient way to generate electricity but it will constitute a prerequisite for the erection of new nuclear power plants in France

  11. Computer-assisted training experiment used in the field of thermal energy production (EDF)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Felgines, R.

    1982-01-01

    In 1981, the EDF carried out an experiment with computer-assisted training (EAO). This new approach, which continued until June 1982, involved about 700 employees all of whom operated nuclear power stations. The different stages of this experiment and the lessons which can be drawn from it are given the lessons were of a positive nature and make it possible to envisage complete coverage of all nuclear power stations by computer-assisted training within a very short space of time [fr

  12. Decontamination experience using the EMMAC process in EDF nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Noel, D.; Spychala, H. B.; Dupin, M.; Lantes, B.; Goulain, F.; Gregoire, J.; Jeandrot, S.

    1997-01-01

    The EMMA, EMMAC and EMMAC-PLUS decontamination processes, nondestructive tests and waste treatment are presented. The various applications of the new EMMAC soft decontamination process, used by EDF since 1995 have shown that it is a very effective tool and at the same time, is a very low corrosive process for the materials that have been treated . The improved efficiency, compared to the previous EMMA process allowed us to obtain good decontamination factors with only one cycle instead of two. At the same time, changes in chemical composition and waste treatment produced large reduction in the amount of radioactive wastes generated. Further improvements are still being sought. (authors)

  13. Realización y corrección automática de exámenes con hoja de cálculo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez García, Juan Francisco

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available La forma habitual de realizar exámenes de tipo test es mediante formularios en papel que posteriormente son tratados con un escáner y un software específico que facilita la corrección así como la emisión de informes y la exportación de datos a aplicaciones de hoja de cálculo. En las asignaturas de informática de gestión llama la atención que en algunos casos se hace evaluación de términos informáticos y utilización de aplicaciones informáticas sobre papel, cuando el hacerlo directamente sobre el ordenador permitiría además comprobar los conocimientos prácticos del alumno.Con la idea de facilitar al alumno la cumplimentación de este tipo de exámenes hemos desarrollado una metodología propia utilizando la hoja de cálculo Microsoft Excel. De esta forma el formulario de examen se sustituye por un fichero de hoja de cálculo que posteriormente será tratado para obtener los resultados contenido en el mismo y facilitar su corrección, la cual también se efectuará con la propia hoja de cálculo, utilizando programación en Visual Basic para Aplicaciones (VBA.

  14. Stable Analogues of OSB-AMP: Potent Inhibitors of MenE the o-succinylbenzoate-CoA Synthetase from Bacterial Menaquinone Biosynthesis

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lu X.; Swaminathan S.; Zhou R.; Sharma I.; Li X.; Kumar G.; Tonge P. J.; Tan D. S.

    2012-01-02

    MenE, the o-succinylbenzoate (OSB)-CoA synthetase from bacterial menaquinone biosynthesis, is a promising new antibacterial target. Sulfonyladenosine analogues of the cognate reaction intermediate, OSB-AMP, have been developed as inhibitors of the MenE enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtMenE), Staphylococcus aureus (saMenE) and Escherichia coli (ecMenE). Both a free carboxylate and a ketone moiety on the OSB side chain are required for potent inhibitory activity. OSB-AMS (4) is a competitive inhibitor of mtMenE with respect to ATP (K{sub i} = 5.4 {+-} 0.1 nM) and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to OSB (K{sub i} = 11.2 {+-} 0.9 nM). These data are consistent with a Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping-Pong kinetic mechanism for these enzymes. In addition, OSB-AMS inhibits saMenE with K{sub i}{sup app} = 22 {+-} 8 nM and ecMenE with K{sub i}{sup OSB} = 128 {+-} 5 nM. Putative active-site residues, Arg222, which may interact with the OSB aromatic carboxylate, and Ser302, which may bind the OSB ketone oxygen, have been identified through computational docking of OSB-AMP with the unliganded crystal structure of saMenE. A pH-dependent interconversion of the free keto acid and lactol forms of the inhibitors is also described, along with implications for inhibitor design.

  15. Parálisis cerebral :

    OpenAIRE

    Cabrero Izquierdo, María del Carmen

    2012-01-01

    Se aborda el tema de la parálisis cerebral definiendo qué es, clasificando los tipos de parálisis dependiendo de la afectación y las características principales. Se explican algunos de sus tratamientos, se dan sistemas alternativos y/o aumentativos de comunicación para un alumno con PC (parálisis cerebral).

  16. Control and maintenance of the Superphenix knowledge and its specific sodium skills through an innovative partnership between EDF and AREVA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Calais, Thomas; Rauber, Jean-Claude

    2016-01-01

    Superphenix is a 1200 MWe sodium cooled Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) located in Creys-Malville (France). Its grid coupling occurred in 1986 and its final shutdown pronounced through a decree, 12 years later, in 1998. This Superphenix final shutdown decision marked a new stage in the life of the nuclear plant. Decommissioning activities were highly challenging due to the following: - Non recurrent and first-of-a-kind (FOAK) characteristics; - Environment constraints: radiation level, high temperatures, presence of argon, sodium, NaK, soda, hydrogen, etc.; - Complexity of the primary vessel internal structures; - Numerous interfaces to manage; - Numerous technical uncertainties due to the difficulty in anticipating the effective state of components (sodium and aerosols retentions, tritium concentration, NaK alteration, etc.). At the end of 1998, exchanges took place between EDF as 'Superphenix nuclear operator' and AREVA as 'Superphenix Nuclear Steam System Supply (NSSS) designer' in order to find the best way to meet the new challenge of decommissioning Superphenix. A key ingredient to achieving success was to ensure that existing local and specific sodium skills were controlled and maintained. AREVA was selected by EDF as its industrial partner for the sodium activities on this project being entrusted with the following missions: - Maintaining and adapting a strong EDF / AREVA partnership within the project duration; - Supplying support as the 'NSSS Designer'; - Rolling-out multidisciplinary skills from the design to the on-site operations; - Relying on its best technical experts to solve each technical challenge; - Developing and adapting durable specific skills of its technical team (sodium, mechanical, process, I and C, statutory, etc.) following each stage of the decommissioning. This EDF/AREVA partnership on the sodium activities has taken different forms according to the different stages of the project. From 1998 to 2005, AREVA was

  17. EDF - Activity and sustainable development 2011 - electricity, choices on the long term

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-05-01

    This publication notably contains a set of articles about choices on the long term related to electricity production and distribution. Different aspects are addressed: arbitration (the diversity of the French energy mix), grids (investments and evolution towards smart grids), electricity cost (for households and for industry), nuclear energy (actions and results regarding safety and availability, the EPR project), renewable energies, the design and construction of a dam (Nam Theun 2) in Thailand with an important human development dimension in the project, thermal energy (the future of flame-based power stations using gas or biomass for example), and EDF's commercial policy

  18. The system of quality assurance of EDF for designing and developing nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Vaujour, M.

    As the quality required for a power plant must fulfill at one and the same time, performance, safety and reliability criteria, the quality obtainment needs the establishment of a system of quality assurance: an internal system of arrangement of the organizations involved, measures creating the relations between said organizations, mechanisms of control of the quality organizing, and some statements. The respective roles of EDF and the constructors are defined together with the contractual obligations of the constructors [fr

  19. The marketing strategies of electricity and natural gas providers in France. Which perspectives for alternate operators in front of EDF and GDF Suez?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2012-10-01

    This article presents the content of a market study which aimed at gathering and analysing figures regarding electricity and natural gas (production, consumption, tariffs, gross prices, etc.), at assessing the market shares of the main providers and their commercial position, at understanding the impact of the Nome law and of the gas price problematic on providers and consumers, and at assessing the capacity of alternate operators to challenge the positions held by EDF and GDF Suez. Besides EDF and GDF Suez, the following providers are analysed: Alpiq, Electricite de Strasbourg, Enel France, ENI, E.ON France, Gas Natural Fenosa, Poweo Direct Energie, Soregies, Tegaz

  20. Zinc injection implementation process at EDF: risk analysis, chemical specifications and operating procedures

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tigeras, A.; Stutzmann, A.; Bremnes, O.; Claeys, M.; Ranchoux, G.; Segura, J.C.; Errera, J.; Bonne, S.

    2010-01-01

    Zinc's ability to replace cobalt from oxides of primary circuit surfaces has provided the first motivation for implementing the zinc addition in BWRs since the mid-1980s. The beneficial results regarding dose reductions have been demonstrated; therefore, this practice has been extended to PWRs since the 1990s, not only for radiation fields considerations, but also for reducing PWSCC. From the beginning of the 2000s, further reasons to inject zinc associated with the fuel management process have been identified (e; g; power increase, high burn-up, and/or cycle length increase). These evolutions must be accompanied by an adapted chemistry program in order to mitigate the crud deposition on fuel assemblies and the consequent AOA/CIPS or localized clad corrosion risks. The source term reduction (due to the decrease of the general corrosion rate of several materials) and the absence of negative impact on alloy cladding in the presence of zinc in the primary coolant are the main reasons for selecting zinc injection as a reliable option for preventing and/or mitigating the effects of fuel deposits. These three PWR motivations (field radiation, components performance, and fuel reliability) are also the major objectives of CANDU®, WWER, and new reactors (EPR, AP1000), where the zinc injection feasibility analyses are in progress in order to improve the safety of their operating conditions. With the purpose of achieving the optimal results of zinc injection, the process's implantation in a unit must be conducted with an appropriate risk analysis, covering all possible domains affected by this primary coolant chemistry modification : safety, fuel and component performance, radioprotection, waste, environment, human and installation security, human and material resources, staff formation, and documentation. EDF has performed a complete analysis of this enlarged scope, relying upon theoretical and experimental results as well as NPP feedback. This paper describes EDF

  1. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuberbier, T; Asero, R; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Walter Canonica, G; Church, M K; Giménez-Arnau, A; Grattan, C E H; Kapp, A; Merk, H F; Rogala, B; Saini, S; Sánchez-Borges, M; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schünemann, H; Staubach, P; Vena, G A; Wedi, B; Maurer, M

    2009-10-01

    This guideline, together with its sister guideline on the management of urticaria [Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Canonica GW, Church MK, Giménez-Arnau AM et al. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline: Management of urticaria. Allergy, 2009; 64:1427-1443] is the result of a consensus reached during a panel discussion at the 3rd International Consensus Meeting on Urticaria, Urticaria 2008, a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the EU-funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO). Urticaria is a frequent disease. The life-time prevalence for any subtype of urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic spontaneous urticaria and other chronic forms of urticaria do not only cause a decrease in quality of life, but also affect performance at work and school and, as such, are members of the group of severe allergic diseases. This guideline covers the definition and classification of urticaria, taking into account the recent progress in identifying its causes, eliciting factors, and pathomechanisms. In addition, it outlines evidence-based diagnostic approaches for different subtypes of urticaria. The correct management of urticaria, which is of paramount importance for patients, is very complex and is consequently covered in a separate guideline developed during the same consensus meeting. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS).

  2. 78 FR 17717 - Notice of Availability of the Record of Decision for the EDF Renewable Energy Desert Harvest...

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-22

    ... decommission an up to 150-megawatt (MW), nominal capacity, alternating current, solar photovoltaic (PV) energy... surrounding areas. The CDCA Plan, while recognizing the potential compatibility of solar generation facilities... LVRWB12B4920] Notice of Availability of the Record of Decision for the EDF Renewable Energy Desert Harvest...

  3. Pulverulent deposits on fuel assemblies in primary circuit on 2 units at EDF (France)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zatla, A.; Piana, O.

    2015-01-01

    In march 2013, during the moving of some fuel assemblies in the fuel deactivation pool of two units nuclear power plants (Blayais 4 and Chinon B2 units), some fine and powdery deposits in suspension have been observed. In the two cases, the fuel has stayed in the deactivation pool during a long time (12 and 3 months), the units have started for the first time to inject Zinc in the primary circuit in the beginning of the precedent fuel cycle, and the units have operated an extended fuel cycle. EDF has performed analysis to evaluate the harmfulness of the particles and to investigate the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. 3 conclusions can be drawn. First, the deposits are made up of usual corrosion products issued from the primary circuit components. Secondly, the chemical composition and the powdery characteristics of the deposits exclude nuclear safety risks. Thirdly, the atypical behaviour of the deposits could probably be linked with a modification of their structure due to a zinc effect. Because of the lack of new understanding elements, the extension of zinc injection to other NPP units has been broken off currently in France. EDF is studying the international experience feedback to identify the operating parameters of the nuclear power plant which might influent the phenomenon, and to evaluate if the deposits could enhance fuel cladding corrosion

  4. EDF launching a new advertising campaign for nuclear power

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fouilloux, Jean-Michel; Chaussade, Jean-Pierre

    1998-01-01

    Full text: Starting on November 12 [art, Electricite de France launched its sixth advertising campaign for nuclear power, running in newspapers, magazines and on television. Inserts were published in 10 national daily newspapers and 7 magazines spread over a week period. A 40 second TV commercial will also be broadcast on 15 different channels between November 17 and December 7,1997. In a setting of renewed opposition to nuclear power, the 1997 campaign is a deliberate voicing of opinion and a response designed to instill responsibility and clearly inform the public over the results of the French nuclear electricity programme. The campaign, costing 22 million francs 9 million for the publication of inserts and 13 million for the TV spots) dwells heavily on the programme's comparative benefits for France. The TV commercial, created by the ad agency Callegari Berville, conveys communication based on proof. The rationale is informative in tone, stating that nuclear power ensures a part, of France's independence for energy, and that this is an inexpensive form of power, the results of which are visible on every electricity bill. What is more, nuclear power is a clean and non-polluting energy form. Through scenes of daily life and other imaginary scenes, the spot highlights the advantages nuclear power gives our country. The press campaign is a continuity of the campaign run in November 1996, with EDF using information developed in advertisements to respond to the major questions being asked by the public: how does nuclear power make the cost of electricity competitive? Why does, nuclear power create more jobs in France than other forms of energy? What is the impact of nuclear power on global warming? What do we do with nuclear waste? Why does nuclear power help put our trade balance in the black? The campaign also helps meet a demand by using a reply coupon to propose a number of documents such as 'Focus on the French Nuclear Electricity Programme' or 'Nuclear Waste in

  5. Novel role for proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in membrane trafficking of proteinase-activated receptor 4 (PAR4).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cunningham, Margaret R; McIntosh, Kathryn A; Pediani, John D; Robben, Joris; Cooke, Alexandra E; Nilsson, Mary; Gould, Gwyn W; Mundell, Stuart; Milligan, Graeme; Plevin, Robin

    2012-05-11

    Proteinase-activated receptors 4 (PAR(4)) is a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) recognized through the ability of serine proteases such as thrombin and trypsin to mediate receptor activation. Due to the irreversible nature of activation, a fresh supply of receptor is required to be mobilized to the cell surface for responsiveness to agonist to be sustained. Unlike other PAR subtypes, the mechanisms regulating receptor trafficking of PAR(4) remain unknown. Here, we report novel features of the intracellular trafficking of PAR(4) to the plasma membrane. PAR(4) was poorly expressed at the plasma membrane and largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a complex with the COPI protein subunit β-COP1. Analysis of the PAR(4) protein sequence identified an arginine-based (RXR) ER retention sequence located within intracellular loop-2 (R(183)AR → A(183)AA), mutation of which allowed efficient membrane delivery of PAR(4). Interestingly, co-expression with PAR(2) facilitated plasma membrane delivery of PAR(4), an effect produced through disruption of β-COP1 binding and facilitation of interaction with the chaperone protein 14-3-3ζ. Intermolecular FRET studies confirmed heterodimerization between PAR(2) and PAR(4). PAR(2) also enhanced glycosylation of PAR(4) and activation of PAR(4) signaling. Our results identify a novel regulatory role for PAR(2) in the anterograde traffic of PAR(4). PAR(2) was shown to both facilitate and abrogate protein interactions with PAR(4), impacting upon receptor localization and cell signal transduction. This work is likely to impact markedly upon the understanding of the receptor pharmacology of PAR(4) in normal physiology and disease.

  6. Long Term Operation for EDF Nuclear Power Plants : Towards 60 years

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ternon-Morin, Francoise; Degrave, Claude

    2012-01-01

    The lifetime extension of the French nuclear fleet, significantly beyond 40 years (initial design basis) is presently one of the major objectives for EDF, in order to smooth the commissioning flow for the new build program. A lifetime extension up to 60 years should be reasonably achieved, owing to the compliance with additional safety and environmental requirements, an adequate LTO strategy including an exceptional maintenance program periodically updated, and a LTO support program (R and D) consisting of aging knowledge improvement and decision-making tools and methods. The LTO program is illustrated with some examples of replaceable components and a focus is placed on the complementary analysis in progress for RPV and containment safety assessment. (author)

  7. The deconstruction of EDF nuclear power plants - Information note September 2011

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tran, Lionel

    2011-09-01

    As nine nuclear reactors are being deconstructed, this document outlines EDF commitment in this deconstruction, and the fact that this deconstruction is a long process which comprises several phases (stopping the reactor, partial and total dismantling). It presents the CIDEN (Deconstruction and Environment Engineering Centre), an expertise centre specialised in plant deconstruction. It briefly addresses the issue of deconstruction wastes: there are different types of wastes (conventional wastes and wastes with different levels of radioactivity), and different associated storage sites. The document highlights the importance of public, personnel and environment protection for these operations, and evokes the financial issue. Finally, the industrial project ICEDA (packaging and warehousing installation for activated wastes) is presented

  8. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO guideline: management of urticaria.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zuberbier, T; Asero, R; Bindslev-Jensen, C; Walter Canonica, G; Church, M K; Giménez-Arnau, A M; Grattan, C E H; Kapp, A; Maurer, M; Merk, H F; Rogala, B; Saini, S; Sánchez-Borges, M; Schmid-Grendelmeier, P; Schünemann, H; Staubach, P; Vena, G A; Wedi, B

    2009-10-01

    This guideline, together with its sister guideline on the classification of urticaria (Zuberbier T, Asero R, Bindslev-Jensen C, Canonica GW, Church MK, Giménez-Arnau AM et al. EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF/WAO Guideline: definition, classification and diagnosis of urticaria. Allergy 2009;64: 1417-1426), is the result of a consensus reached during a panel discussion at the Third International Consensus Meeting on Urticaria, Urticaria 2008, a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the EU-funded network of excellence, the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF) and the World Allergy Organization (WAO). As members of the panel, the authors had prepared their suggestions regarding management of urticaria before the meeting. The draft of the guideline took into account all available evidence in the literature (including Medline and Embase searches and hand searches of abstracts at international allergy congresses in 2004-2008) and was based on the existing consensus reports of the first and the second symposia in 2000 and 2004. These suggestions were then discussed in detail among the panel members and with the over 200 international specialists of the meeting to achieve a consensus using a simple voting system where appropriate. Urticaria has a profound impact on the quality of life and effective treatment is, therefore, required. The recommended first line treatment is new generation, nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines. If standard dosing is not effective, increasing the dosage up to four-fold is recommended. For patients who do not respond to a four-fold increase in dosage of nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines, it is recommended that second-line therapies should be added to the antihistamine treatment. In the choice of second-line treatment, both their costs and risk/benefit profiles are most important to consider. Corticosteroids are not recommended for

  9. The ALARA project of the EDF nuclear park exploitation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Potoczek, J.

    1998-01-01

    To bring the exploitation of the nuclear park of EDF at the level of the best exploiters in the world in matter of collective and individual dosimetry, the ALARA principle coordinates numerous actions: to associate the temporary societies, to define common language, methods and tools for the whole park to organize a level effect in this area, to optimize the maintenance that is expansive in radiation doses, to make the different levels of management responsible on dosimetric stakes, to reduce the singular sources of exposure, to assure the organisation and exploitation of the experience back in this field and adapt consequently the system of information. The results are cheerful and the objectives for 2000 are: less than 1.2 h.Sv by year and by reactor, no intervener whom annual radiation dose is upper than 20 mSv (out of exceptional case). (N.C.)

  10. EDF requirements for hot cells examinations on irradiated fuel

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Segura, J.C.; Ducros, G.

    2002-01-01

    The objectives of increasing French Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) availability while lengthening the fuel irradiation cycle and reaching higher burnups lead EDF to carry out on site and hot cell examinations. The data issued from such fuel behaviour monitoring programmes will be used to ascertain that the design criteria are met. Data are also needed for modelling, development and validation. The paper deals quickly with the logistics linked to the selection and transport of fuel rods from NPP to hot cell laboratory. Hot cell PIEs remain a valuable method to obtain data in such fields as PCI (Pellet-Cladding Interaction), internal pressure, FGR (Fission Gas Release), oxide thickness, metallurgical aspects. The paper introduces burnup determination methods, inner pressure evaluation, preparation of samples for further irradiation such as power ramps for PCI and RIA (Reactivity Initiated Accident) testing. The nuclear microprobe of Perre Suee laboratory is also presented. (author)

  11. EDF Energy Nuclear New Build: Lessons Learned in Knowledge Management

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sachar, M.; Borlodan, G.

    2016-01-01

    Full text: EDF Energy Nuclear New Build (NNB) is building two EPR reactors at Hinkley Point C in Somerset in the United Kingdom that will provide reliable, low carbon electricity to meet approximately 7% of the UK’s electricity needs. The Hinkley Point C project is well advanced. It has achieved planning consent, design approval for the EPR reactor and a nuclear site license. There is a well-developed supply chain with identified preferred bidders who are already heavily involved in construction planning. Training for needed skills is underway and industrial agreements with trade unions are in place. NNB has the unique opportunity to set Knowledge Management behaviours, culture, and standards for the Hinkley Point C project from project inception instead of working to change them, such as on an operational site. (author

  12. EDF, AREVA, Alstom and the others: where is the problem?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2011-01-01

    After having recalled the context of the Messmer plan of 1974 according to which the roles of the different actors of the nuclear sector were clearly distributed, this article describes and comments the evolution of this context, notably after the N4 threshold has been reached: the French industry has lost many experts (they are retired), the concurrence has evolved as well as relationships between clients and providers. The article outlines that a new balance between the main actors is now needed. It comments the case of the EPR, the emergence of new PWR concepts, the different roles EDF, AREVA, GDF-Suez or Total may have depending on the project (they can be client, investor, or operator). Principles for a new strategy and operation for this sector and its actors are formulated

  13. Los exámenes preliminares de la Corte Penal Internacional en América Latina: el caso colombiano y su impacto sobre futuras negociaciones de paz en la región

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Héctor Olásolo Alonso

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available El artículo comienza analizando la función de la Fiscalía de la Corte Penal Internacional en la aplicación del principio de complementariedad, a través de los exámenes preliminares realizados durante los diez primeros años de funcionamiento de la Corte Penal Internacional. Se subraya la relevancia de los exámenes preliminares para fortalecer los órganos jurisdiccionales nacionales y el Estado de Derecho en los Estados afectados, y se constata que cada situación bajo examen requiere de una estrategia de actuación diferente debido a las particulares circunstancias que la rodean. A continuación, se analizan las características del fenómeno de la lesa humanidad en Colombia y las consecuencias de su configuración como crímenes internacionales de ius cogens. A la luz de lo anterior, se aborda el impacto del examen preliminar que la Fiscalía de la CPI viene desarrollando sobre la situación de Colombia para las actuales negociaciones de paz entre el Gobierno y las FARC. Para finalizar, el autor realiza algunas observaciones finales sobre la importancia de este examen preliminar más allá de Colombia para futuras negociaciones de paz en la región.

  14. Stable analogues of OSB-AMP: potent inhibitors of MenE, the o-succinylbenzoate-CoA synthetase from bacterial menaquinone biosynthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lu, Xuequan; Zhou, Rong; Sharma, Indrajeet; Li, Xiaokai; Kumar, Gyanendra; Swaminathan, Subramanyam; Tonge, Peter J; Tan, Derek S

    2012-01-02

    MenE, the o-succinylbenzoate (OSB)-CoA synthetase from bacterial menaquinone biosynthesis, is a promising new antibacterial target. Sulfonyladenosine analogues of the cognate reaction intermediate, OSB-AMP, have been developed as inhibitors of the MenE enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtMenE), Staphylococcus aureus (saMenE) and Escherichia coli (ecMenE). Both a free carboxylate and a ketone moiety on the OSB side chain are required for potent inhibitory activity. OSB-AMS (4) is a competitive inhibitor of mtMenE with respect to ATP (K(i) =5.4±0.1 nM) and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to OSB (K(i) =11.2±0.9 nM). These data are consistent with a Bi Uni Uni Bi Ping-Pong kinetic mechanism for these enzymes. In addition, OSB-AMS inhibits saMenE with K(i)(app) =22±8 nM and ecMenE with K(i)(OSB) =128±5 nM. Putative active-site residues, Arg222, which may interact with the OSB aromatic carboxylate, and Ser302, which may bind the OSB ketone oxygen, have been identified through computational docking of OSB-AMP with the unliganded crystal structure of saMenE. A pH-dependent interconversion of the free keto acid and lactol forms of the inhibitors is also described, along with implications for inhibitor design. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  15. Environmental and Geologic Assessment to Locate a Manual Sanitary Refill in the Mene de Mauroa Church, Venezuela

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simón E. Morales-Soto

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available The inadequate disposal of urban wastes is nowadays an environmental issue having a negative impact on several communities. The objective of this investigation is to select the most adequate place to locate a manual sanitary landfill to dump the solid wastes from the Mene de Mauroa (Venezuela church. A total of 19 variables were subjected to a series of evaluations applying the scale and weight method. This method consists of comparing the variables according to their level of priority. The area with the highest score is to be selected as the most adequate area for the sanitary landfill according to a weighting scale of 5 values for the scoring of each variable.

  16. The reprocessing of irradiated fuels by halides and their compounds; Le traitement des combustibles irradies par les halogenes et leurs composes

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bourgeois, M; Faugeras, P [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1964-07-01

    A brief description is given of the experiments leading to the choice of the process volatilization of fluorides by gas phase attack. The chemical process is described for certain current types of clad Fuels: the aluminium or the zirconium cladding is first volatilized as chloride by attack with gaseous hydrogen chloride. The uranium is then transformed into volatile hexafluoride by attack with fluorine. These reactions are carried out consecutively in the same reactor in the presence of a fluidized bed of alumina which facilitates heat exchange. The experiments have been carried out in quantities from 100 gms to several kilograms of fuel, first without activity, and then with tracers. A description is given of the laboratory research which was carried out simultaneously on the separation of uranium and plutonium fluorides. Finally, an apparatus is described which is intended to test the process on irradiated fuel at an activity level of several thousands of curies of fission products. (authors) [French] On rappelle brievement les experimentations qui nous ont permis de decider du procede adopte volatilisation des fluorures par attaque en phase gazeuse. On decrit le processus chimique pour certains types courants de combustibles Gaines: dans un premier stade, l'aluminium ou le zirconium est volatilise sous forme de chlorure par action de l'acide chlorhydrique. Ensuite, l'uranium est transforme en hexafluorure volatil par action du fluor. Ces operations se font successivement dans un meme reacteur, en presence d'un lit fluidise d'alumine qui a pour but de faciliter les echanges thermiques. L'experimentation a ete conduite sur des quantites allant de 100 g a plusieurs kg de combustibles, en inactif, puis avec des traceurs. On decrit les etudes de laboratoire menees parallelement sur la separation des fluorures d'uranium et de plutonium. Enfin, on decrit une installation en construction destinee a experimenter le procede sur combustible irradie, a l'echelle de

  17. Examination of the SG tube fatigue cracking at Fessenheim unit no.2 of EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Boccanfuso, M.; Lorthios, J.; Thebault, Y.; Bruyere, B.; Duisabeau, L.; Herms, E.

    2015-01-01

    In February 2008, a primary-to-secondary leak occurred at Fessenheim Unit No.2 on a steam generator. A circumferential fatigue crack was observed at the upper tube support plate level of the R12C62 tube although the stability ratio evaluation performed to take into account some prior international events, concluded that this tube had no risk of fluid-elastic instability. A new tube pull process was developed and performed by AREVA in 2011 just before the SG replacement. The extraction at the uppermost TSP elevation was a first occurrence in the French EDF PWR. Destructive examinations were carried out in the EDF hot laboratory of CEIDRE/Chinon in order to characterize damage mechanisms at the initiation and propagation stage. The document relates the major results of laboratory examinations leading us to exclude the fluid-elastic instability scenario as previously reported in North-Anna (1987) and Mihama (1991) tube rupture incidents. Results analysis with particular focus on the fracture surface description using Scanning Electron microscopy observations and metallurgical investigations provide new elements concerning the aggravating factors of fatigue damage. Fracture surface investigations reveal that the circumferential crack was due to high cycle fatigue with a very low stress intensity factor. Some aggravating factors like intergranular corrosion appeared to be critical for the fatigue cracking initiation stage. The deterioration was also largely promoted by the lack of tube support at the Anti-Vibration Bars

  18. Par Pond vegetation status 1996

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mackey, H.E. Jr.; Riley, R.S.

    1996-12-01

    The water level of Par Pond was lowered approximately 20 feet in mid-1991 in order to protect downstream residents from possible dam failure suggested by subsidence on the downstream slope of the dam and to repair the dam. This lowering exposed both emergent and nonemergent macrophyte beds to drying conditions resulting in extensive losses. A survey of the newly emergent, shoreline aquatic plant communities of Par Pond began in June 1995, three months after the refilling of Par Pond to approximately 200 feet above mean sea level. These surveys continued in July, September, and late October, 1995, and into the early spring and late summer of 1996. Communities similar to the pre-drawdown, Par Pond aquatic plant communities continue to become re-established. Emergent beds of maidencane, lotus, waterlily, watershield, and Pontederia are extensive and well developed. Measures of percent cover, width of beds, and estimates of area of coverage with satellite data indicate regrowth within two years of from 40 to 60% of levels prior to the draw down. Cattail occurrence continued to increase during the summer of 1996, especially in the former warm arm of Par Pond, but large beds common to Par Pond prior to the draw down still have not formed. Lotus has invaded and occupies many of the areas formerly dominated by cattail beds. To track the continued development of macrophytes in Par Pond, future surveys through the summer and early fall of 1997, along with the evaluation of satellite data to map the extent of the macrophyte beds of Par Pond, are planned

  19. Contamination des produits agricoles et de la nappe phréatique par ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Au Senegal, les enquetes menees dans la zone agricole des Niayes ont revele une mauvaise gestion des pesticides de la part des producteurs peu soucieux de leur impact sur lfenvironnement et la qualite des productions. Lfanalyse chromatographique apres extraction et purification a montre la presence de residus de ...

  20. General review of diagnostic systems in EDF PWR units

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chevalier, R.; Brasseur, S.; Ricard, B.

    1998-01-01

    Since the beginning of the French nuclear program, Electricite de France (EDF) has looked for ways to improve the availability and safety of its nuclear units. Therefore, monitoring systems on turbogenerators, reactor coolant pumps, primary circuits and core internal structures were designed by the Research and Development Division and implemented with technologies available during the 1970's. However, mainly because of difficulties for data interpretation by plant personnel, EDF subsequently decided to design and develop different tools to help plant operators to process a diagnosis: - a new generation of the Monitoring and Diagnostic System called PSAD, - expert systems for diagnosis on reactor coolant pumps (RCP) 'DIAPO' and turbogenerator units (TG) 'DIVA', - diagnostic guides written for most equipment pending the installation of new monitoring and diagnosis systems. The first version of PSAD, installed in five units, performs on-line monitoring of the turbogenerator shaft line, steam inlet valves, the reactor coolant pumps and the generator stator. The second version not yet implemented, will include Loose Part Detection (LPD) and Core Internal Structure Monitoring (CISM). The level of diagnosis achieved by PSAD depends on the component monitored. The TG and RCP monitoring functions of PSAD compute high level diagnosis descriptors such as natural frequencies and long term trends but do not elaborate a diagnosis automatically. However, a diagnostic assistance window is available on-line, whenever a warning message is displayed, whether for immediate or later action. The window presents a diagnostic approach whose purpose is to find the causes of the symptoms observed. This diagnosis approach is automated in the DIVA and DIAPO expert systems. Numerous potential faults can be identified for both systems thanks to a hierarchy of abnormal situations. The user interactively answers questions when information is needed to progress in the diagnosis. The resulting

  1. Crímenes de frontera: la criminalidad en la frontera sur de Brasil (1845-1889

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Flores da Cunha Thompson Flores

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Los espacios de frontera establecen el límite y el contacto a la vez, concertando la paradoja de inestabilidad e integración, sobretodo en el siglo XIX cuando los Estados intentaban demarcarse constantemente. De esta manera, estos espacios limítrofes ofrecían márgenes de acción y negociación a los individuos que actuaban a través de la frontera valiéndose de las brechas existentes entre las soberanías yuxtapuestas a fin de mantenerse e reproducirse en este espacio complejo. Considerando que el contexto de frontera constituía un elemento importante a ser llevado en cuenta en las estrategias cotidianas de los fronterizos, el presente artículo pretende demostrar la valencia estratégica de la frontera en el campo de la criminalidad, analizando crímenes ocurridos en este espacio

  2. Ejercicios resueltos de investigación operativa : exámenes propuestos en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales

    OpenAIRE

    Castro Íñigo, Belén; Díez Sánchez, Henar; Urrutia Careaga, Ana Marta

    2011-01-01

    La asignatura Investigación Operativa es una asignatura cuatrimestral dedicada fundamentalmente a la introducción de los modelos deterministas más elementales dentro de la investigación de operaciones. Esta asignatura se ha impartido en los últimos años en el tercer curso de la Licenciatura de Administración y Dirección de Empresas (L.A.D.E.) en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales de la UPV/EHU. Esta publicación recoge los problemas resueltos propuestos en los exámenes de la...

  3. Computer-generated vibratory signatures for EDF PWR reactor vessel internals

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trenty, A.; Lefevre, F.; Garreau, D.

    1992-07-01

    This paper presents a device for generation of characteristic signatures for normal or faulty vibrations on EDF PWR internal structures. The objective is to test the efficiency of methods for diagnosing faults in these structures. With this device, it is possible to build an entire PSD in several phases: choice of a general basic shape, localized addition of several kinds of background noise, generation of peaks of variable shapes, adjustment of local or global amplifications... It also offers the possibility of distorting real PSDs acquired from the reactor: shifting frequency or modifying peak shape, eliminating or adding existing shapes or shapes to be created, smoothing curves... One example is given of simulated loss of function in a hold-down spring on a computer-generated PSD of ex-core neutron noise. The device is now being used to test the potential of neural networks in recognizing faults on internal structures

  4. The training for nuclear fuel handling at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Marion, J.P.

    1999-01-01

    The handling of fuel assemblies in a nuclear power plant presents 3 types of work: the taking delivery of fresh fuel, the refueling and the disposal of spent fuel. These operations are realized by teams made up of 3 handling operators and a supervisor. The refueling is made by 3*8-hour teams. These handling operations are important for the nuclear safety, a mishandling can damage the fuel cladding which is the first containment barrier, so a training center (CETIC) has been created. This center was founded in 1986 by EDF and Framatome, the purpose was to validate maintenance procedures, to test handling equipment and to train the teams which work on site. Various training programmes have been set up and a system of qualification degrees has been organized. The CETIC is fitted up with equipment that are full-sized mockups of real installations. Fuel assemblies don't react in a similar way to the different mechanical and neutronic stresses they undergo while they are in the core, they get deformed and the handling operations become more delicate. The mockup fuel assemblies are quite deformed to train the teams and prepare them to face any real situation. (A.C.)

  5. Seismic isolation of nuclear power plants - EDF's philosophy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Coladant, C.

    1989-01-01

    The elastomer bearing pads used since 1963 as supports for prestressed concrete pressure vessels (PCPVs) was quickly chosen by Electricite de France (ED) to improve the capability of nuclear power plants (NPPs) to withstand strong earthquakes and to reduce the seismic loads on structures and equipment. The standardized units for 900 and 1,300 MW(e) pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants have moderate seismic design loads of 0.2 and 0.15 g, respectively. These design loads were exceeded by the site dependent spectra of Cruas (France) and Koeberg (South Africa). To keep the plant design unchanged and to take the advantages of standardization, these units were put on laminated bearings with or without sliding plates. For the future French 1,500 MW(e) fast breeder reactors (FBRs), which are more sensitive to seismic loads, the base isolation is considered by EDF at the beginning of the design, even for low ground motions of 0.1 g. The buildings are placed on laminated bearings while the reactor block is supported by springs and dampers. The isolated plant has identical costs as a conventional design such as SPX1 at Creys-Malville

  6. Silva. EDF two-phase 1D annular model of a CFB boiler furnace

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Montat, D.; Fauquet, Ph. [Electricite de France (EDF), 78 - Chatou (France). Researckh and Development Div.; Lafanechere, L.; Bursi, J.M. [Electricite de France (EDF) (France). Construction Div.

    1997-01-01

    SILVA computer code is used for the modelling of the thermal-hydraulics and of the combustion of a coal-fired CFBC solid loop. In a first step, only the furnace is considered. The model is based on a 1D annular two phases description of the hydrodynamics. The model is based on particle mass balances and pressure drop calculations. A basic combustion model is incorporated into this model. The coal combustion is divided in two phases, the combustion of volatile matter and the heterogeneous combustion. The model has been developed within LEGO software and can be included into the global model of the solid loop developed by EDF. (author) 26 refs.

  7. Programs of monitoring of the steam generators of EdF nuclear power plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2001-01-01

    This decision from the French authority of nuclear safety (ASN) modifies the decision DSIN/GRE-BCCN no 000632 from October 31, 2000 concerning the preventive maintenance programs of the steam generators of Electricite de France (EdF) reactors. The main themes of the previous decision are not changed, i.e. the improvement of circumferential crack detection means, the reinforcement of the external skin control of tubes and the correction of vibrational instabilities for a given family of tubes. The modification concerns only the paragraph 2.b relative to the internal crack control of the 600 MA alloy tubes in the rolling transition zone. This paragraph is abrogated. (J.S.)

  8. Nuclear facilities of EdF's operational hot base of Tricastin. 2009 annual report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2010-01-01

    This annual report is established on account of article 21 of the 2006-686 French law from June 13, 2006, relative to the transparency and safety in the nuclear domain. It describes, first, the nuclear facilities of the EdF operational hot base of Tricastin, then, the measures taken to ensure their safety (personnel radioprotection, actions implemented for nuclear safety improvement, organisation in crisis situation, external and internal controls, technical assessment of the facilities), and finally the procedures of management of radioactive wastes. A glossary and the viewpoint of the Committee of Hygiene, safety and working conditions about the content of the document conclude the report. (J.S.)

  9. EDF - 2005 Consolidated Annual Results - Analysts' Presentation. Consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2005

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    2006-01-01

    As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2005 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2005: Consolidated income statements, consolidated balance sheets, consolidated cash flow statements, variation in consolidated equity, notes (group accounting policies, impact of first-time application of IFRs, transition to standards IAS 32 and 39 concerning financial instruments, summary of accounting and valuation methods, public distribution concessions in France, significant events and transactions of 2005, impact of the law of august 9, 2004 on comparability, changes in the scope of consolidation, segment reporting, sales, fuel and energy purchases, other external expenses, contractual obligations and commitments entered into in the course of business, personnel expenses, other operating income and expenses, other income and expenses, financial result, income taxes, basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share, goodwill, other intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, investments in companies accounted for under the equity method, financial assets, inventories, including work-in-process, trade receivables, other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale assets and liabilities, equity, provisions, special concession liabilities, current and non-current financial liabilities, derivatives, other liabilities, related parties, greenhouse gas emission quotas, environment, subsequent events, scope of consolidation

  10. Use of a microvideo probe to measure the size and velocity of water droplets in EDF steam turbines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Courant, J.J.; Heurtebise, F.; Kleitz, A.

    1992-09-01

    Owing to the necessity to protect equipment associated with power plant turbines using saturated steam and following verification of the turbine design codes, EDF has developed a probe specifically designed for velocimetric and particle size grading measurements in this 2-phase environment. This method is also suitable for the measurement of cold or incandescent solid particles entrained in gas. (authors). 8 figs., 3 refs

  11. The French Electricity Company (EDF) and GEC ALSTHOM have signed the agreement for Chinese Laibin B electric power plant; Electricite de France (EDF) et GEC ALSTHOM signent l'accord de la centrale electrique de Laibin B en Chine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1997-09-03

    EDF and GEC ALSTHOM together with the government of Chinese Province Guangxi have organized in Pekin on 3 september 1997 a ceremony for signing a BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) contract for the Coal Power Plant (2 x 360 MW) at Laibin B. This is the first Chinese BOOT contract in the power domain entirely financed by foreign capital. The two western companies which were retained for this project, following an international call for offers, invest USD 150 million of its own founds in this USD 600 million project. They will hold 60% and 40% of the capital of the company created for this project, respectively. The construction power plant is planned to be completed at the end of 1999 - beginning of 2000. After 15 years of industrial operation the power plant will be transferred to the autonomous government of the Province Guangxi. The communique contains the following 8 files: 1. The Laibin B power plant; 2. Build, Own, Operate, Transfer; 3. The autonomous Guangxi Province; 4. An outline of EDF in China; 5. Profile/activities of GEC ALSTHOM in China; 6. The 'Credit Agricole Indosuez' in China; 7. BZW Barclays PLC; 8. HSBC Investment Banking in China.

  12. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 is required for PAR-1 signalling in pulmonary fibrosis

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Lin, Cong; von der Thüsen, Jan; Daalhuisen, Joost; ten Brink, Marieke; Crestani, Bruno; van der Poll, Tom; Borensztajn, Keren; Spek, C. Arnold

    2015-01-01

    Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most devastating diffuse fibrosing lung disease of unknown aetiology. Compelling evidence suggests that both protease-activated receptor (PAR)-1 and PAR-2 participate in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Previous studies have shown that bleomycin-induced

  13. Cuestión social y regímenes militares. Argentina y Chile durante los años setenta

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gabriela Gomes

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se analizan las políticas sociales destinadas a la búsqueda del consenso que llevaron adelante la Secretaría de Estado de Promoción y Asistencia a la Comunidad del Ministerio de Bienestar Social durante la “Revolución Argentina” (1966-1973 y la Dirección de Organizaciones Civiles y el Ministerio del Interior durante la dictadura chilena (1973-1988. El abordaje propuesto apunta a complejizar la noción de Estado burocrático autoritario, puesto que se considera como hipótesis que ambos regímenes no solo se dedicaron a reprimir las actividades políticas de los sectores populares, sino que buscaron reorganizarlos bajo nuevas coordenadas sociales.

  14. Development and industrial utilisation of rotor balancing techniques at EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fanton, J.P.; Rondelet, D.

    1997-01-01

    The object of this document is to present, on the one hand, the industrial practice that exists at EDF in the area of rotor balancing, and, on the other hand, some recent development works, also in this area. One describes in a first part, for different types of machines concerned, the tools of calculation used, the performances that are obtained, and the encountered problems. Considering developments, one reminds first the characteristics of the EQUILOP 3.0 software, then one describes the validation that has been realized for it under a new computer environment. Additional operational possibilities that would be foreseeable for a new version of this software are indicated. A study currently under way of a balancing process which makes use of active control techniques is briefly described. Perspectives open by the utilization of numerical models of the machines as deduced from a recent study are exposed, and illustrated by a very simple example. (authors)

  15. Afrontamiento ante exámenes : desarrollos de los principales modelos teóricos para su definición y medición

    OpenAIRE

    Piemontesi, Sebastián Eduardo; Heredia, Daniel Esteban

    2009-01-01

    El modelo transaccional del afrontamiento desarrollado por Lazarus y Folkman (1984) ha sido el más aceptado en la investigación sobre afrontamiento. Sus aportes han permitido el estudio de los exámenes como una situación de estrés especifica caracterizada como un proceso complejo con cambios significativos en el uso de varias estrategias a través de sus distintas etapas. Si bien existen numerosos estudios y medidas de afrontamiento creadas a partir de este modelo, sus desarrollos se han compl...

  16. Study of a photomultiplier for the measurement of low light flows by photon counting; Etude d'un photomultiplicateur en vue de la mesure des faibles flux lumineux par comptage de photons

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Haye, Kleber

    1964-03-20

    'amplitude des impulsions ainsi que les variations relatives du rendement quantique pour diverses longueurs d'onde. Nous avons parallelement a l'etude par comptage mene une etude par la methode bien connue de mesure du courant moyen.

  17. Heat transfer by gas-liquid mixture in forced turbulent flow with weak vaporization of the liquid phase (1962); Transfert de chaleur par melange de liquide et de gaz en convection forcee turbulente avec faible vaporisation de la phase liquide (1962)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Huyghe, J; Mondin, G [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Grenoble (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1962-07-01

    The present study deals with measures of heat transfer and pressure drop in two-phase liquid flow. The stream is of annular dispersed type, obtained by introducing a small quantity of liquid in a gas turbulent flow. The heat transfer experiments are performed without vaporization of the liquid phase. A notable improvement of the heat transfer coefficient of such a stream is observed, compared with a gas-alone or liquid-alone flow. The improvement concerning the gas-alone is of about 20 when it is compared with the same gas Reynolds's number, of about 8 when it is compared with the same total mass flow rate. A hydrodynamic study of the flow pattern lets us know the original structure of the flow, and allows to foresee the experimental results by means of a simplified theory. (authors) [French] II est fait etat de mesures de transfert thermique et de perte de charge dans un ecoulement en double phase gaz-liquide. L'ecoulement est du type annulaire disperse, obtenu par injection d'une faible quantite de liquide dans un ecoulement gazeux en regime turbulent. Les experiences de transfert thermique sont menees sans vaporisation de la phase liquide. On note une amelioration sensible du coefficient de transfert thermique dans un tel ecoulement par rapport a un ecoulement de gaz seul ou de liquide seul. L'augmentation est de l'ordre de 20 par rapport au gaz seul si on opere a meme nombre de REYNOLDS du gaz, de l'ordre de 8 si on opere a meme debit massique total. Une etude hydrodynamique rapide de l'ecoulement permet de connaitre la structure originale de l'ecoulement, puis de prevoir par une theorie simplifiee le phenomene thermique observe. (auteurs)

  18. The great refit of the EDF nuclear fleet and post-Fukushima actions. An ambition to extend to 50 or 60 years the exploitation of reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Tonnac, Alain de; Perves, Jean-Pierre

    2014-01-01

    The great refit of the EDF nuclear fleet aims at extending the service lifetime of nuclear reactors. If the extension to 40 years is well undertaken, an extension to 50 or 60 years could only be approved after a return on experience of the Fukushima accident and possible additional requests made by the ASN in reference to facilities ageing. The authors first recall some elements related to the Fukushima accident and outline the fact that the possibility of such a strong tsunami had not been taken in to account by the operator (as it had been for a neighbouring nuclear power station, Onagawa). They also highlight the differences between Japan and France in terms of organisation of the nuclear industry. They also outline technical differences in the design of power stations. Thus, the first lessons learned from the accident seem to support French options. They discuss the evolutions which however are planned for the French nuclear stations after the Fukushima accident. Then, the authors present the great refit and the issue of the extension of the service lifetime of the EDF nuclear fleet. This project is presented as a major challenge for EDF, and implies a management of expenses. They outline the good level of French energy production with respect to greenhouse gas emissions, and briefly discuss the issue of competitiveness for renewable energies

  19. The French Electricity Company (EDF) and GEC ALSTHOM have signed the agreement for Chinese Laibin B electric power plant

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    1997-01-01

    EDF and GEC ALSTHOM together with the government of Chinese Province Guangxi have organized in Pekin on 3 september 1997 a ceremony for signing a BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, Transfer) contract for the Coal Power Plant (2 x 360 MW) at Laibin B. This is the first Chinese BOOT contract in the power domain entirely financed by foreign capital. The two western companies which were retained for this project, following an international call for offers, invest USD 150 million of its own founds in this USD 600 million project. They will hold 60% and 40% of the capital of the company created for this project, respectively. The construction power plant is planned to be completed at the end of 1999 - beginning of 2000. After 15 years of industrial operation the power plant will be transferred to the autonomous government of the Province Guangxi. The communique contains the following 8 files: 1. The Laibin B power plant; 2. Build, Own, Operate, Transfer; 3. The autonomous Guangxi Province; 4. An outline of EDF in China; 5. Profile/activities of GEC ALSTHOM in China; 6. The 'Credit Agricole Indosuez' in China; 7. BZW Barclays PLC; 8. HSBC Investment Banking in China

  20. European Commission study on energy costs and subsidies in the EU. Report for EDF

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Roques, Fabien; Perekhodtsev, Dmitri; Verhaeghe, Charles

    2014-01-01

    The European Commission (EC) has launched a study in order to provide a complete and consistent view on the subsidies and external costs associated with different power generation technologies. Such study is expected to provide input for policy making in years to come. FTI CL Energy has been mandated by EDF to provide a critical review of the methodology developed in the EC study, and to identify potential gaps in coverage and/or contestable assumptions. The study provides a description of best practice to improve the methodology and surveys the literature to provide a range of estimates for critical assumptions on costs and subsidies

  1. Experimental contamination of margaritana margaritifera (L) (a Fresh water bivalve) by caesium 137; Contamination experimentale de margaritana margaritifera (L) (bivalve d'eau douce) par le cesium 137

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Foulquier, L; Bovard, P; Grauby, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1966-07-01

    The hydro biological research carried out in the Radio-Ecology Section has led the authors to study some Margaritana sampling stations situated down-stream from the Monts d'Arree nuclear power station. They describe the preservation and contamination methods used for fixing the {sup 137}Cs concentration factors in the case of Margaritana Margaritifera (L). The results of experiments carried out over a period of one hundred days show that the specific activity of the various organs is stabilized after thirty to thirty-five days. The authors have noticed a relatively low adsorption on the shell through the intermediary of micro-organisms, and a strong and rapid absorption in the soft parts. The concentration factors have values, at equilibrium, of around: 9 for the shell, 300 for all the organs, and 38 for the whole animal. A comparison of these results with work published by other authors makes it possible to draw general conclusions concerning the mechanism of {sup 137}Cs fixation by lamellibranch, as well as their capacity of fixation. (author) [French] Les etudes hydrobiologiques effectuees au sein de la Section de Radio-Ecologie ont amene les auteurs a etudier des stations de prelevement de Margaritana en aval de la Centrale Nucleaire des Monts d'Arree. Ils decrivent les methodes de conservation et de contamination utilisees pour l'etablissement des facteurs de concentration du {sup 137}Cs par Margaritana margaritifera (L). Les resultats des experimentations menees pendant cent jours montrent que les activites specifiques de la coquille et des differents organes se stabilisent au bout de trente a trente-cinq jours. Les auteurs constatent une adsorption relativement faible sur la coquille par l'intermediaire des micro-organismes et une absorption forte et rapide dans les parties molles. Les facteurs de concentration se situent, a l'equilibre, autour de: 9 pour la coquille, 300 pour l'ensemble des organes et 38 si l'on considere l'animal total. Cette etude

  2. The French approach through the SMR consortium (CEA, EDF, AREVA, DCNS)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chenais, J.; Diet, A.; Grondin, Y.; Perrier, S.

    2014-01-01

    The SMR (Small Modular Reactor) is a new range of nuclear reactors characterized by a low output power (less than 300 MWe) and a standardized modular factory-based construction. Moderate capital costs make this type of reactor very attractive for medium-size power utilities or small countries. A consortium made around the CEA and its industrial partners (EDF, AREVA and DCNS) has performed economic and technical feasibility studies. It appears that the competitiveness of SMR require power production costs around 100 euros/MWh and that SMR will be based on PWR technology with a power output of 150 MWe per unit. 2 types of SMR are proposed: a terrestrial unit and an immersed unit. The concept of the immersed SMR, called Flexblue, is based on an unlimited access to a cold sink (the ocean) and a complete modularity. In both types the standard of safety appears to be high. (A.C.)

  3. Diagnosis of faults in EDF power plants: From monitoring to diagnosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Joussellin, A.; Chevalier, R.

    1994-01-01

    Electricite de France is constantly in search of means to improve safety and availability in its nuclear power plants. To this end, EDF has designed new monitoring systems for the major components of its units: for turbogenerator and inlet valves monitoring, for reactor coolant pumps monitoring, for internal structures monitoring and for loose parts detection. New techniques for signal acquisition and processing for diagnosis are used and all these monitoring systems are designed with the same general concept on monitoring. Simultaneously, a workstation for monitoring and aid in diagnosis (PSAD) is under development. It will integrate every monitoring system and will constitute an indispensable tool for plant personnel, enabling them to diagnose the condition of plant equipment, and providing them with high efficiency and user-friendly tools. The PSAD will have a flexible architecture, guaranteeing optimum distribution of computing power to make it available where it is needed

  4. Ascouf: an industrial software for the engineering of nuclear facilities in operation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Genette, P.; Martelet, B.; Debost-Eymart, I.

    1998-01-01

    The ASCOUF software has been developed par EDF to facilitate the quick analysis of defects contained in pipes or elbows of the primary loop. This preprocessing tool of Code Aster, the structural analysis finite element code of EDF, has been used to carry out, with an increase of productivity a series of numerical studies proving the mechanical strength of these components. Its validation, taking into account the feed-back from previous studies, leads us to rely on the results. ASCOUF has afterwards been extended to solve the problems of lack of thickness of pipes of the secondary loop. (authors)

  5. Ascouf: an industrial software for the engineering of nuclear facilities in operation; Ascouf: un outil numerique industriel pour l`ingenierie nucleaire du parc en exploitation

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Genette, P.; Martelet, B. [Electricite de France (EDF), 69 - Villeurbanne (France). Div. Mecanique des Structures du Septen; Debost-Eymart, I. [Electricite de France (EDF), 92 - Clamart (France). Dept. Mecanique et Modeles Numeriques

    1998-10-01

    The ASCOUF software has been developed par EDF to facilitate the quick analysis of defects contained in pipes or elbows of the primary loop. This preprocessing tool of Code Aster, the structural analysis finite element code of EDF, has been used to carry out, with an increase of productivity a series of numerical studies proving the mechanical strength of these components. Its validation, taking into account the feed-back from previous studies, leads us to rely on the results. ASCOUF has afterwards been extended to solve the problems of lack of thickness of pipes of the secondary loop. (authors)

  6. EDF - 2008: A milestone year in EDF's industrial development, EBITDA of euro 15.4 billion, up +3.7%. 2009: priority to organic growth and asset disposals programme. 2008 results, 2008 Financial report

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Gadonneix, Pierre

    2009-01-01

    As the world's biggest electricity generator, the EDF Group covers every sector of expertise, from generation to trading and transmission grids. EDF builds on the expertise of its people, its R and D and engineering skills, its experience as a leading industry operator and the attentive support of its customers to deliver competitive solutions that successfully reconcile economic growth with climate protection. This document presents the 2008 annual results and Consolidated financial statements of the Group at 31 December 2008: Consolidated Income Statements; Consolidated Balance Sheets; Consolidated Cash Flow Statements; Changes in Consolidated Equity; Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements: Group accounting standards; Summary of the principal accounting and valuation methods; Regulatory events in France in 2008; Major external growth operations; Other major events and transactions; Changes in the scope of consolidation; Segment reporting; Sales; Fuel and energy purchases; Other external expenses; Contractual obligations and commitments; Personnel expenses; Other operating income and expenses; Prolongation of the transition tariff system (TaRTAM) - Law of August 4, 2008; Impairments / reversals; Other income and expenses; Financial result; Income taxes; Goodwill; Other intangible assets; Property, plant and equipment operated under French public electricity distribution concessions; Property, plant and equipment operated under concessions for other activities; Property, plant and equipment used in generation and other tangible assets owned by the Group; Investments in companies accounted for under the equity method; Current and non-current financial assets; Inventories, including work-in-process; Trade receivables; Other receivables; Cash and cash equivalents; Held-for-sale assets and liabilities; Equity; Provisions; Specific French public electricity distribution concession liabilities for existing assets and assets to be replaced; Current and non

  7. Par Pond vegetation status Summer 1995 -- Summary

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mackey, H.E. Jr.; Riley, R.S.

    1996-01-01

    The water level of Par Pond was lowered approximately 20 feet in mid-1991 in order to protect downstream residents from possible dam failure suggested by subsidence on the downstream slope of the dam and to repair the dam. This lowering exposed both emergent and nonemergent macrophyte beds to drying conditions resulting in extensive losses. A survey of the newly emergent, shoreline aquatic plant communities of Par Pond began in June 1995, three months after the refilling of Par Pond to approximately 200 feet above mean sea level. These surveys continued in July, September, and late October, 1995. Communities similar to the pre-drawdown, Par Pond aquatic plant communities are becoming re-established. Emergent beds of maidencane, lotus, waterlily, and watershield are extensive and well developed. Cattail occurrence continued to increase during the summer, but large beds common to Par Pond prior to the drawdown have not formed. Estimates from SPOT HRV, remote sensing satellite data indicated that as much as 120 hectares of emergent wetlands vegetation may have been present along the Par Pond shoreline by early October, 1995. To track the continued development of macrophytes in Par Pond, future surveys throughout 1996 and 1997, along with the continued evaluation of satellite data to map the areal extent of the macrophyte beds of Par Pond, are planned

  8. La marea autoritaria: nacimiento, desarrollo y consolidación de regímenes parafascistas en Austria y España

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se explica el nacimiento y propagación de los movimientos fascistas a partir de las secuelas de la I Guerra Mundial y del escenario político y social que le siguió. Los casos que analizamos en el presente trabajo, Austria y España, encajan perfectamente en ese contexto; y de ello deriva el interés de su estudio para la comprensión de la llegada e implantación del fascismo en Europa, así como del parafascismo (regímenes que, aunque no fueron plenamente fascistas, sí compartieron algunas características y fueron fuertemente influenciados por el fascismo en su nacimiento, implantación y consolidación. El análisis y comparación de regímenes como el Ständestaat y el franquista quizá pongan de manifiesto que el parafascismo pudo ser más la norma que la excepción a la alternativa plenamente fascista en la Europa de entreguerras.______________________ABSTRACT:The present work tries to explain the birth and the spread of facist movements from the consequences of theFirst World War and the political and social scene that followed it. The cases that we analyzed in this work, Austria and Spain, fit perfectly in that context; this kind of analysis facilitates the understanding of the coming and implantation of fascism in Europe, as well as of parafascism phenomenon (a kind of regime that, although is not totally facist, it shares some characteristics and is strongly influenced by the fascism in its birth, implantation and consolidation. The analysis and comparison of regimes just as the Ständestaat and the Franquista's one can show that the parafascism could be the norm in lieu of the exception to the totally facist alternative in the inter-war Europe.

  9. EDF: The revision of the electrical supply tariff system

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaczmarek, A.M.

    1982-01-01

    The article deals with proposals by EDF for restructuring their tariffs for the supply of electricity. The objective is to take account of probable developments in demand, notably the steadily increasing gap between the summer and winter rates of consumption, and in generation, notably the large increase in the fraction of the total load that is met by nuclear stations. It is estimated that by 1990 generation will be 70% nuclear, 16% hydraulic, 9% by coal and 4% by oil, nuclear generation being by far the cheapest. The general philosophy of the new tariffs is: to retain the two-part (kW and kWh) structure; to simplify tariffs for small consumers; to apply to large consumers sophisticated tariffs that accurately reflect true costs of supply; to make maximum demand rather than supply voltage the determining factor; tariffs will be geographically uniform except for a few very large consumers favourably situated with respect to key points in the network; to adopt special means to spread peak loads. The new tariffs and some additional related measures for influencing the incidence of electricity consumption are described in some detail. (C.J.O.G.)

  10. Innovative Approaches to Knowledge Management in EDF Energy Generation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Johnson, A.; Robinson, P.; Roberts, A.

    2016-01-01

    Full text: Organizational learning is a key discipline in the safe, sustainable operation of civil nuclear fleet. In order to have an effective organizational learning culture a free flow of information is required. To facilitate this free flow of information and ideas EDF Energy Nuclear Generation created the concept of the Organizational Learning Portal (OLP). The OLP was created to remove existing barriers to knowledge sharing and allow easy exchange of information and ideas. To transfer existing data from legacy systems onto the OLP required a considerable effort, to ensure that information and knowledge was preserved and available to recall easily for future use. The OLP, was designed using the latest ‘App’ design to promote accessibility, in line with contemporary information portals and applications sites to ensure a positive and intuitive user journey. A key operational use of the OLP is for accelerated learning, after significant events, e.g., reactor Trips or SCRAM. Additional functionality within the OLP allows implementation of video OPEX and cataloguing of information sources. The OLP was recognized in the 2015 Operational and Safety Assessment Readiness Team as a Best Practice. (author

  11. Regímenes estacionales de precipitación en la vertiente mediterránea de la Península Ibérica

    OpenAIRE

    Luis Arrillaga, Martín de; González Hidalgo, José Carlos; Longares, Luis Alberto; Stepanek, Petr

    2008-01-01

    Ponencia presentada en: VI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en Tarragona del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2008. [ES]En este trabajo analizamos los regímenes estacionales de precipitación de la fachada Mediterránea de la Península Ibérica empleando la base de datos de precipitaciones mensuales MOPREDAMES (1113 series mensuales; periodo 1951-2000). En cada observatorio se estimó el régimen de precipitación promedio y anualmente se calculó el régime...

  12. ParABS system in chromosome partitioning in the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio A Iniesta

    Full Text Available Chromosome segregation is an essential cellular function in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The ParABS system is a fundamental player for a mitosis-like process in chromosome partitioning in many bacterial species. This work shows that the social bacterium Myxococcus xanthus also uses the ParABS system for chromosome segregation. Its large prokaryotic genome of 9.1 Mb contains 22 parS sequences near the origin of replication, and it is shown here that M. xanthus ParB binds preferentially to a consensus parS sequence in vitro. ParB and ParA are essential for cell viability in M. xanthus as in Caulobacter crescentus, but unlike in many other bacteria. Absence of ParB results in anucleate cells, chromosome segregation defects and loss of viability. Analysis of ParA subcellular localization shows that it clusters at the poles in all cells, and in some, in the DNA-free cell division plane between two chromosomal DNA masses. This ParA localization pattern depends on ParB but not on FtsZ. ParB inhibits the nonspecific interaction of ParA with DNA, and ParA colocalizes with chromosomal DNA only when ParB is depleted. The subcellular localization of ParB suggests a single ParB-parS complex localized at the edge of the nucleoid, next to a polar ParA cluster, with a second ParB-parS complex migrating after the replication of parS takes place to the opposite nucleoid edge, next to the other polar ParA cluster.

  13. Experimental contamination of margaritana margaritifera (L) (a Fresh water bivalve) by caesium 137; Contamination experimentale de margaritana margaritifera (L) (bivalve d'eau douce) par le cesium 137

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Foulquier, L.; Bovard, P.; Grauby, A. [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Cadarache (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1966-07-01

    The hydro biological research carried out in the Radio-Ecology Section has led the authors to study some Margaritana sampling stations situated down-stream from the Monts d'Arree nuclear power station. They describe the preservation and contamination methods used for fixing the {sup 137}Cs concentration factors in the case of Margaritana Margaritifera (L). The results of experiments carried out over a period of one hundred days show that the specific activity of the various organs is stabilized after thirty to thirty-five days. The authors have noticed a relatively low adsorption on the shell through the intermediary of micro-organisms, and a strong and rapid absorption in the soft parts. The concentration factors have values, at equilibrium, of around: 9 for the shell, 300 for all the organs, and 38 for the whole animal. A comparison of these results with work published by other authors makes it possible to draw general conclusions concerning the mechanism of {sup 137}Cs fixation by lamellibranch, as well as their capacity of fixation. (author) [French] Les etudes hydrobiologiques effectuees au sein de la Section de Radio-Ecologie ont amene les auteurs a etudier des stations de prelevement de Margaritana en aval de la Centrale Nucleaire des Monts d'Arree. Ils decrivent les methodes de conservation et de contamination utilisees pour l'etablissement des facteurs de concentration du {sup 137}Cs par Margaritana margaritifera (L). Les resultats des experimentations menees pendant cent jours montrent que les activites specifiques de la coquille et des differents organes se stabilisent au bout de trente a trente-cinq jours. Les auteurs constatent une adsorption relativement faible sur la coquille par l'intermediaire des micro-organismes et une absorption forte et rapide dans les parties molles. Les facteurs de concentration se situent, a l'equilibre, autour de: 9 pour la coquille, 300 pour l'ensemble des organes et 38 si l'on considere

  14. Electronuclear reactors - EDF. Synthesis of study appraisal and of modifications associated with the safety re-examination of 1300 MWe reactors after 30 years of operation (VD3 1300)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bigot, Franck

    2014-01-01

    This report states the opinion of the IRSN on the adequacy of safety improvements adopted by EDF and of the update of the safety demonstration, as well as their consistency with guidelines defined for this safety re-examination; on the modalities defined by EDF to assess the compliance and status of installations (topics related to the ageing of containment enclosure and vessels being excluded); on the adequacy of the validation performed by EDF in terms of organisational and human factors for the whole set of modifications related to reactor ageing management and obsolescence management (notably those related to the modernisation of control rooms); on the acceptability of modifications declared by EDF in April 2014 on issues related to design, implementation and exploitation with respect to elements of the Code of the Environment. Thus, the report addresses: the safety demonstration update and adopted improvements (studies of operating conditions and their radiological consequences with respect to the different identified risks, design of systems which are important for safety and civil works components, aggressions with an external or internal origin, probabilistic safety studies), the installation compliance and status (decennial tests, program of additional investigations), the modernisation of the control room and social, organisational and human aspects, and equipment modifications. A table in appendix indicates the different topics of the VD 1300 safety re-examination, the associated published IRSN opinions and reports, and the associated ASN letters. Another appendix contains a set of recommendations regarding rules, methods and accident studies for the Safety Report, for the primary circuit dilution risks, for the radiological consequences of severe accidents, for the safety of the nuclear fuel stored in a pool, for the modernisation of the control room and the organisational and human factors, for equipment modifications, and for different parts of the

  15. Diagnosis of faults in EDF power plants: from monitoring to diagnosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Joussellin, A.

    1994-06-01

    Electricite de France is constantly is search of means to improve safety and availability in its nuclear power plants. To this end, EDF has designed new monitoring systems for the major components of its units: for turbogenerator and inlet valves monitoring, for reactor coolant pumps monitoring, for internal structures monitoring and for loose parts detection. New techniques for signal acquisition and processing for diagnosis are used and all these monitoring systems are designed with the same general concept on monitoring. Simultaneously, a workstation for monitoring and aid in diagnosis (PSAD) is under development. It will integrate every monitoring system and will constitute an indispensable tool for plant personnel, enabling them to diagnose the condition of plant equipment, and providing them with high efficiency and user-friendly tools. The PSAD will have a flexible architecture, guaranteeing optimum distribution of computing power to make it available where it is needed. (author). 5 figs., 4 refs

  16. Radical, reformist and aborted liberalism: origins of national regimes in Central America Liberalismo radical, reformista y frustrado: orígenes de los regímenes nacionales en América central

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    James MAHONEY

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available During the twentieth century, the countries of Central America were characterized by remarkably different political regimes: military-authoritarianism in Guatemala and El Salvador, progressive democracy in Costa Rica and traditional-authoritarianism in Honduras and Nicaragua. This article explains these contrasting regime outcomes by exploring the agrarian and state-building reforms pursued by political leaders during the nineteenth– and early twentieth century liberal reform period. Based on differences in the transformation of state and class structures, three types of liberalism are identified: radical liberalism in Guatemala and El Salvador, reformist liberalism in Costa Rica and aborted liberalism in Honduras and Nicaragua. It is argued that these types of liberalism set the Central American countries on contrasting paths of political development, culminating in diverse regime outcomes.Durante el siglo XX, los países de América Central se caracterizaron por tener regímenes políticos muy diferentes: el autoritarismo militar en Guatemala y El Salvador; la democracia progresista en Costa Rica y el autoritarismo tradicional en Honduras y Nicaragua. Este artículo explica los resultados de estos distintos regímenes mediante la exploración de las reformas agrarias y de la construcción del Estado llevadas a cabo por los líderes políticos durante el siglo XIX y principios del periodo de reformas liberales del siglo XX. Basándose en las diferencias de la transformación del Estado y de las estructuras de clases, se pueden identificar tres tipos de liberalismo: liberalismo radical en Guatemala y El Salvador; liberalismo reformista en Costa Rica y liberalismo frustrado en Honduras y Nicaragua. Se argumenta que estos tipos de liberalismo condujeron a los países de América Central a caminos contrarios al desarrollo político, culminando así en regímenes con resultados diversos.

  17. Analysis of ParB-centromere interactions by multiplex SPR imaging reveals specific patterns for binding ParB in six centromeres of Burkholderiales chromosomes and plasmids.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pillet, Flavien; Passot, Fanny Marie; Pasta, Franck; Anton Leberre, Véronique; Bouet, Jean-Yves

    2017-01-01

    Bacterial centromeres-also called parS, are cis-acting DNA sequences which, together with the proteins ParA and ParB, are involved in the segregation of chromosomes and plasmids. The specific binding of ParB to parS nucleates the assembly of a large ParB/DNA complex from which ParA-the motor protein, segregates the sister replicons. Closely related families of partition systems, called Bsr, were identified on the chromosomes and large plasmids of the multi-chromosomal bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia and other species from the order Burkholeriales. The centromeres of the Bsr partition families are 16 bp palindromes, displaying similar base compositions, notably a central CG dinucleotide. Despite centromeres bind the cognate ParB with a narrow specificity, weak ParB-parS non cognate interactions were nevertheless detected between few Bsr partition systems of replicons not belonging to the same genome. These observations suggested that Bsr partition systems could have a common ancestry but that evolution mostly erased the possibilities of cross-reactions between them, in particular to prevent replicon incompatibility. To detect novel similarities between Bsr partition systems, we have analyzed the binding of six Bsr parS sequences and a wide collection of modified derivatives, to their cognate ParB. The study was carried out by Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi) mulitplex analysis enabling a systematic survey of each nucleotide position within the centromere. We found that in each parS some positions could be changed while maintaining binding to ParB. Each centromere displays its own pattern of changes, but some positions are shared more or less widely. In addition from these changes we could speculate evolutionary links between these centromeres.

  18. La pelade par plaques

    Science.gov (United States)

    Spano, Frank; Donovan, Jeff C.

    2015-01-01

    Résumé Objectif Présenter aux médecins de famille des renseignements de base pour faire comprendre l’épidémiologie, la pathogenèse, l’histologie et l’approche clinique au diagnostic de la pelade par plaques. Sources des données Une recension a été effectuée dans PubMed pour trouver des articles pertinents concernant la pathogenèse, le diagnostic et le pronostic de la pelade par plaques. Message principal La pelade par plaques est une forme de perte pileuse auto-immune dont la prévalence durant une vie est d’environ 2 %. Des antécédents personnels ou familiaux de troubles auto-immuns concomitants, comme le vitiligo ou une maladie de la thyroïde, peuvent être observés dans un petit sous-groupe de patients. Le diagnostic peut souvent être posé de manière clinique en se fondant sur la perte de cheveux non cicatricielle et circulaire caractéristique, accompagnée de cheveux en « point d’exclamation » en périphérie chez ceux dont le problème en est aux premiers stades. Le diagnostic des cas plus complexes ou des présentations inhabituelles peut être facilité par une biopsie et un examen histologique. Le pronostic varie largement et de mauvais résultats sont associés à une apparition à un âge précoce, une perte importante, la variante ophiasis, des changements aux ongles, des antécédents familiaux ou des troubles auto-immuns concomitants. Conclusion La pelade par plaques est une forme auto-immune de perte de cheveux périodiquement observée en soins primaires. Les médecins de famille sont bien placés pour identifier la pelade par plaques, déterminer la gravité de la maladie et poser le diagnostic différentiel approprié. De plus, ils sont en mesure de renseigner leurs patients à propos de l’évolution clinique de la maladie ainsi que du pronostic général selon le sous-type de patients.

  19. Size and distribution of Pandarus satyrus (Copepoda: Pandaridae on the blue shark Prionace glauca (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae in Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Rodrigo Rojas M.

    2001-03-01

    Full Text Available A total of 80 specimens of Pandarus satyrus, a cosmopolitan ectoparasitic copepod, were taken from fishery catches of blue sharks (Prionace glauca in the Eastern Pacific coast of Costa Rica. All specimens were found in the dorsal surface of pectoral fins (8-30 per shark. Longer specimens were most abundant.Un total de 80 especímenes de Pandarus satyrus, un copépodo ectoparásito cosmopolita, fueron tomados de tiburones azules (Prionace glauca capturados en la costa del Pacífico Oriental de Costa Rica. Todos los especímenes fueron encontrados en la superficie dorsal de las aletas pectorales (entre 8 y 30 por tiburón. Los parásitos más grandes son los más abundantes.

  20. Keratometric alterations following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Citirik, Mehmet; Batman, Cosar; Bicer, Tolga; Zilelioglu, Orhan

    2009-09-01

    To assess the alterations in keratometric astigmatism following the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy versus the conventional pars plana vitrectomy. Sixteen consecutive patients were enrolled into the study. Conventional vitrectomy was applied to eight of the cases and 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy was performed in eight patients. Keratometry was performed before and after the surgery. In the 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless pars plana vitrectomy group, statistically significant changes were not observed in the corneal curvature in any post-operative follow-up measurement (p > 0.05); whereas in the conventional pars plana vitrectomy group, statistically significant changes were observed in the first postoperative day (p = 0.01) and first postoperative month (p = 0.03). We noted that these changes returned to baseline in three months (p = 0.26). Both 25-gauge transconjunctival sutureless and conventional pars plana vitrectomy are effective surgical modalities for selected diseases of the posterior segment. Surgical procedures are critical for the visual rehabilitation of the patients. The post-operative corneal astigmatism of the vitrectomised eyes can be accurately determined at least two months post-operatively.

  1. Zinc injection on the EDF pressurized light water reactors. Current results and operating experience feedback

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Piana, Olivier; Duval, Arnaud; Moleiro, Edgar; Benfarah, Moez; Bretelle, Jean-Luc; Chaigne, Guy

    2014-01-01

    Nowadays, zinc injection, as well as pH management and hydrogen control, is increasingly considered as an essential element of PWR Primary Water Chemistry worldwide. After a first implementation of zinc injection at Bugey 2 since 2004 and Bugey 4 since 2006, EDF decided to extend this practice, which constitutes a modification of primary circuit chemical conditioning, to other units of its fleet. Currently, 15 among the 58 reactors of the French fleet are injecting depleted zinc acetate into the primary coolant water. Three main goals were identified at the beginning of this program. Indeed, the expected benefits of zinc injection were: Reduction of the rate of generalized corrosion and mitigation of stress corrosion cracking initiation on nickel based alloys (Material goal). Curative or preventive reduction of radiation sources to which workers are exposed (Radiation fields' goal). Mitigation of the AOA or CIPS risks by reduction of corrosion products releases and mitigation of crud deposition (Fuel protection goal). To monitor the zinc addition, EDF has defined a complete survey program concerning: chemistry and radiochemistry responses (primary coolant monitoring of corrosion and fission products and calculation of zinc injected, zinc removed and zinc incorporated in RCS surfaces) ; radiation fields (dose rates and deposited activities measurements) ; materials (statistical analysis of SG tube cracks) ; fuel (oxide thickness measurements and visual exams) ; effluents (corrosion products releases and isotopic distribution follow up) ; wastes (radiochemical characterization of filters). This paper will detail the present results of this monitoring program. It appears that the expected benefits of zinc injection have yet to be fully realized; further operating experience will be required in order to fully evaluate its impact. (author)

  2. Centromere pairing by a plasmid-encoded type I ParB protein

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ringgaard, Simon; Löwe, Jan; Gerdes, Kenn

    2007-01-01

    The par2 locus of Escherichia coli plasmid pB171 encodes two trans-acting proteins, ParA and ParB, and two cis-acting sites, parC1 and parC2, to which ParB binds cooperatively. ParA is related to MinD and oscillates in helical structures and thereby positions ParB/parC-carrying plasmids regularly......, hence identifying the N terminus of ParB as a requirement for ParB-mediated centromere pairing. These observations suggest that centromere pairing is an important intermediate step in plasmid partitioning mediated by the common type I loci....

  3. Sickness absence from 1978 to 1992 of Electricite de France (EDF) workers exposed to ELF-EMF: the substation group

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Souques, M.; Dab, W.; Lambrozo, J.; Chevalier, A.; Coing, F.

    1996-01-01

    Electromagnetic fields are suspected of many health effects, including cancers, immunity and fertility disorders, congenital malformations, suicides and depression.... Although the results of all studies are contradictory and no biological mechanism has been found, populations are concerned about this matter. This study analyzes the absence from work of some EDF employees who are a priori the most professionally exposed to ELF EMF. Absence from work is taken as an health indicator. Although it is not specific, it can be predictive of serious health problems. The specific context of EDF has made it possible to collect and analyze the medical aspect of absence from work, that is rare in France. We were interested with employees working with high voltage (over 90 kV). Three job categories have been selected: live line workers, substation maintenance workers and substation exploitation workers (called in the company the ATEX). The first group concerned the live linemen and the results were exposed previously. It appeared they had more accidents at work, but this was more related to the job of lineman rather than to the EMF exposure. Nevertheless, substation workers have an exposure less intensive but longer than live linemen. We present here the result about the absenteeism of the substation workers, maintenance and exploitation. (author)

  4. Analysis of ParB-centromere interactions by multiplex SPR imaging reveals specific patterns for binding ParB in six centromeres of Burkholderiales chromosomes and plasmids.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Flavien Pillet

    Full Text Available Bacterial centromeres-also called parS, are cis-acting DNA sequences which, together with the proteins ParA and ParB, are involved in the segregation of chromosomes and plasmids. The specific binding of ParB to parS nucleates the assembly of a large ParB/DNA complex from which ParA-the motor protein, segregates the sister replicons. Closely related families of partition systems, called Bsr, were identified on the chromosomes and large plasmids of the multi-chromosomal bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia and other species from the order Burkholeriales. The centromeres of the Bsr partition families are 16 bp palindromes, displaying similar base compositions, notably a central CG dinucleotide. Despite centromeres bind the cognate ParB with a narrow specificity, weak ParB-parS non cognate interactions were nevertheless detected between few Bsr partition systems of replicons not belonging to the same genome. These observations suggested that Bsr partition systems could have a common ancestry but that evolution mostly erased the possibilities of cross-reactions between them, in particular to prevent replicon incompatibility. To detect novel similarities between Bsr partition systems, we have analyzed the binding of six Bsr parS sequences and a wide collection of modified derivatives, to their cognate ParB. The study was carried out by Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (SPRi mulitplex analysis enabling a systematic survey of each nucleotide position within the centromere. We found that in each parS some positions could be changed while maintaining binding to ParB. Each centromere displays its own pattern of changes, but some positions are shared more or less widely. In addition from these changes we could speculate evolutionary links between these centromeres.

  5. ¿Qué hay detrás del miedo a los exámenes? Why do people fear exams?

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. Sender

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Introducción: Se analizan las características psicológicas de una muestra de 32 estudiantes de medicina que solicitan ayuda para afrontar el miedo a los exámenes. Material y método: Las pruebas seleccionadas para el análisis de esta población son el GHQ-28, el STAI de rasgo, la escala de percepción de estrés del UNCAHS y la Sensibilidad al Castigo y a la Recompensa (SCRS. Los puntajes obtenidos se compararon con los de un grupo control de estudiantes de primer curso. Resultados: 90 % de los sujetos de la muestra fueron mujeres y el 25 % recibieron o estaban recibiendo atención psicológica o psiquiátrica. Entre los estudiantes que solicitaron ayuda había un nivel más alto de psicopatología, una más alta sensibilidad al castigo y una más baja sensibilidad a la recompensa que en el grupo control. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes con ansiedad ante los exámenes presentan más sensibilidad al castigo y menos sensibilidad a la recompensa, y muestran más síntomas depresivos y obsesivos que los estudiantes del grupo control.Introduction: Psychological traits are analysed in a sample of medicine students (n=32 who requested treatment for their fear of examinations. Material and method: Psychopathological variables were evaluated by GHQ-28 and STAI; perceived stress by the UNCAHS, and sensitivity to punishment and reward by the SPSR questionnaire. The group’s scores were compared with those obtained by a control group comprising first-year medicine students. Results: 90% of the sample were woman and 25% had received (or were receiving psychological or psychiatric attention. Among students who asked for treatment there was a higher rate of psychopathology, a higher sensitivity to punishment and lower sensitivity to reward than among controls. Conclusions: Students with fear of examinations were more sensitive to punishment and less sensitive to reward, and showed more depressive and obsessive symptoms than controls.

  6. 1988 Progress report of the EDF department for the analysis of experimental data and measurements

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    1988-01-01

    The 1988 activity report of the department for the analysis of experimental data and measurements (Department of Retour d'Experience Mesures-Essais, of EDF, France), is presented. The mission of the department is to collect and investigate data from the nuclear power plant operations. The investigations started before 1988, were carried on in 1988. The department main activities are: technology and information transfer from experimental activities, the construction of a standard data acquisition and processing system, the actions involving the N4 turbine, and the modelling and construction of new non-destructive methods of control. The most important facts and activities carried out in 1988 are presented [fr

  7. CFD analysis of PAR performance as function of inlet design

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Park, Kweonha; Khor, Chong Lee

    2016-01-01

    Highlights: • The new concept of PAR (passive autocatalytic recombiner) was proposed and analyzed. • Guidance wall was added at the bottom of PAR to enhance the flow rate through the catalyst. • The new concept of PAR was proved to have a better hydrogen removal performance. - Abstract: Passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) is very useful hydrogen mitigation measurement. It is widely implemented in the current and advanced light water reactors (ALWRs). The design of the PARs should be optimized for the specific use under severe accident scenarios. Several techniques and innovations have been fused into the PAR, as an effort to increase its efficiency of hydrogen mitigation. This study proposes different concepts of PAR, which applied some changes to the honeycomb catalyst PAR made by the Korea Nuclear Technology (KNT) Inc. Two slices of plate are added to the bottom of PAR model, which intended to act as a reflection wall and promote the gas flow into PAR. Hydrogen volume fraction was given 4 vol. % which tested by KNT to investigate the performance of PAR in different direction gas flow conditions to see maximum hydrogen recombination rate. The new concept of PAR was proved to have a better hydrogen removal performance compared to the original honeycomb catalyst PAR.

  8. CFD analysis of PAR performance as function of inlet design

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Park, Kweonha, E-mail: khpark@kmou.ac.kr [Division of Mechanical and Energy systems Engineering, Korea Maritime University, Dongsam-dong, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 606-791 (Korea, Republic of); Khor, Chong Lee, E-mail: itachi_829@hotmail.com [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Maritime University (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-01-15

    Highlights: • The new concept of PAR (passive autocatalytic recombiner) was proposed and analyzed. • Guidance wall was added at the bottom of PAR to enhance the flow rate through the catalyst. • The new concept of PAR was proved to have a better hydrogen removal performance. - Abstract: Passive autocatalytic recombiner (PAR) is very useful hydrogen mitigation measurement. It is widely implemented in the current and advanced light water reactors (ALWRs). The design of the PARs should be optimized for the specific use under severe accident scenarios. Several techniques and innovations have been fused into the PAR, as an effort to increase its efficiency of hydrogen mitigation. This study proposes different concepts of PAR, which applied some changes to the honeycomb catalyst PAR made by the Korea Nuclear Technology (KNT) Inc. Two slices of plate are added to the bottom of PAR model, which intended to act as a reflection wall and promote the gas flow into PAR. Hydrogen volume fraction was given 4 vol. % which tested by KNT to investigate the performance of PAR in different direction gas flow conditions to see maximum hydrogen recombination rate. The new concept of PAR was proved to have a better hydrogen removal performance compared to the original honeycomb catalyst PAR.

  9. Par Pond Fish, Water, and Sediment Chemistry

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Paller, M.H.; Wike, L.D.

    1996-06-01

    The objectives of this report are to describe the Par Pond fish community and the impact of the drawdown and refill on the community, describe contaminant levels in Par Pond fish, sediments, and water and indicate how contaminant concentrations and distributions were affected by the drawdown and refill, and predict possible effects of future water level fluctuations in Par Pond

  10. Par Pond Fish, Water, and Sediment Chemistry

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Paller, M.H. [Westinghouse Savannah River Company, AIKEN, SC (United States); Wike, L.D.

    1996-06-01

    The objectives of this report are to describe the Par Pond fish community and the impact of the drawdown and refill on the community, describe contaminant levels in Par Pond fish, sediments, and water and indicate how contaminant concentrations and distributions were affected by the drawdown and refill, and predict possible effects of future water level fluctuations in Par Pond.

  11. SDIN a new information system for the EDF's fleet of French nuclear reactors

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Corre, Y.; Sasseigne, P.; Herodin, J.M.; Leclerq, J.

    2013-01-01

    The SDIN is the new information system that allows the management of operating and maintenance activities of EDF's fleet of nuclear power plants. This new system relies on 6 main softwares that allow: 1) the management of operations and maintenance, 2) the management of documentation, 3) the management of activities during unit outages, 4) the management of diagrams, schemes and designs, 5) the reporting of activities, and 6) a unified access to the SDIN. SDIN entered into operation in 2012 (6 years after its launching) in a testing phase in the Blayais power plant and in 2 engineering departments. SDIN is expected to improve the plant performance and its standard of safety as well as to prepare the way in terms of adequate technical conditions for operating life extension. (A.C.)

  12. Concerning the dynamic instability of actin homolog ParM

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Popp, David; Yamamoto, Akihiro; Iwasa, Mitsusada; Narita, Akihiro; Maeda, Kayo; Maeda, Yuichiro

    2007-01-01

    Using in vitro TIRF- and electron-microscopy, we reinvestigated the dynamics of native ParM, a prokaryotic DNA segregation protein and actin homolog. In contrast to a previous study, which used a cysteine ParM mutant, we find that the polymerization process of wild type ATP-ParM filaments consists of a polymerization phase and a subsequent steady state phase, which is dynamically unstable, like that of microtubules. We find that the apparent bidirectional polymerization of ParM, is not due to the intrinsic nature of this filament, but results from ParM forming randomly oriented bundles in the presence of crowding agents. Our results imply, that in the bacterium, ParM filaments spontaneously form bipolar bundles. Due to their intrinsic dynamic instability, ParM bundles can efficiently 'search' the cytoplasmic lumen for DNA, bind it equally well at the bipolar ends and segregate it approximately symmetrically, by the insertion of ParM subunits at either end

  13. First-in-human uPAR PET

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Persson, Morten; Skovgaard, Dorthe; Brandt-Larsen, Malene

    2015-01-01

    A first-in-human clinical trial with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in patients with breast, prostate and bladder cancer, is described. uPAR is expressed in many types of human cancers and the expression is predictive...... for targeted molecular imaging with PET. The safety, pharmacokinetic, biodistribution profile and radiation dosimetry after a single intravenous dose of (64)Cu-DOTA-AE105 were assessed by serial PET and computed tomography (CT) in 4 prostate, 3 breast and 3 bladder cancer patients. Safety assessment...... of invasion, metastasis and indicates poor prognosis. uPAR PET imaging therefore holds promise to be a new and innovative method for improved cancer diagnosis, staging and individual risk stratification. The uPAR specific peptide AE105 was conjugated to the macrocyclic chelator DOTA and labeled with (64)Cu...

  14. uPAR as anti-cancer target

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lund, Ida K; Illemann, Martin; Thurison, Tine

    2011-01-01

    , and a potential diagnostic and predictive impact of the different uPAR forms has been reported. Hence, pericellular proteolysis seems to be a suitable target for anti-cancer therapy and numerous approaches have been pursued. Targeting of this process may be achieved by preventing the binding of uPA to u...... using mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against mouse uPA or uPAR. These reagents will target uPA and uPAR in both stromal cells and cancer cells, and their therapeutic potential can now be assessed in syngenic mouse cancer models....

  15. Protease-activated receptor (PAR2, but not PAR1, is involved in collateral formation and anti-inflammatory monocyte polarization in a mouse hind limb ischemia model.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lisa G van den Hengel

    Full Text Available AIMS: In collateral development (i.e. arteriogenesis, mononuclear cells are important and exist as a heterogeneous population consisting of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/repair-associated cells. Protease-activated receptor (PAR1 and PAR2 are G-protein-coupled receptors that are both expressed by mononuclear cells and are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions, while PAR2 also plays a role in repair-associated responses. Here, we investigated the physiological role of PAR1 and PAR2 in arteriogenesis in a murine hind limb ischemia model. METHODS AND RESULTS: PAR1-deficient (PAR1-/-, PAR2-deficient (PAR2-/- and wild-type (WT mice underwent femoral artery ligation. Laser Doppler measurements revealed reduced post-ischemic blood flow recovery in PAR2-/- hind limbs when compared to WT, while PAR1-/- mice were not affected. Upon ischemia, reduced numbers of smooth muscle actin (SMA-positive collaterals and CD31-positive capillaries were found in PAR2-/- mice when compared to WT mice, whereas these parameters in PAR1-/- mice did not differ from WT mice. The pool of circulating repair-associated (Ly6C-low monocytes and the number of repair-associated (CD206-positive macrophages surrounding collaterals in the hind limbs were increased in WT and PAR1-/- mice, but unaffected in PAR2-/- mice. The number of repair-associated macrophages in PAR2-/- hind limbs correlated with CD11b- and CD115-expression on the circulating monocytes in these animals, suggesting that monocyte extravasation and M-CSF-dependent differentiation into repair-associated cells are hampered. CONCLUSION: PAR2, but not PAR1, is involved in arteriogenesis and promotes the repair-associated response in ischemic tissues. Therefore, PAR2 potentially forms a new pro-arteriogenic target in coronary artery disease (CAD patients.

  16. Apoplejía pituitaria con parálisis del III par craneal: Reporte de caso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Pinto Valdivia

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available Se describe el caso de un varón de 65 años de edad, sin antecedentes patológicos de importancia, que acudió a emergencia del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia por presentar cefalea intensa y ptosis palpebral izquierda. El examen físico mostró parálisis aislada del III par craneal izquierdo. Los análisis de laboratorio mostraron hiponatremia e hipopituitarismo y la resonancia magnética nuclear un adenoma pituitario con áreas de hemorragia e invasión de los senos cavernosos. El tratamiento incluyó glucocorticoides y descompresión quirúrgica transesfenoidal. La anatomía patológica confirmó el diagnóstico de infarto hemorrágico de un adenoma pituitario. El paciente fue dado de alta con terapia sustitutiva de levotiroxina y prednisona. La ptosis palpebral izquierda se recuperó en forma parcial. La apoplejía pituitaria es un síndrome clínico producido por un proceso expansivo dentro de la silla turca, secundario a hemorragia o infarto de un adenoma pituitario, que se caracteriza por cefalea, déficit visual, oftalmoplejía y alteración del nivel de conciencia. Este proceso expansivo puede comprimir los pares craneales en los senos cavernosos, produciendo diferentes grados de parálisis de los músculos oculomotores. La parálisis aislada del III par craneal es rara.(Rev Med Hered 2011;22:186-189.

  17. Copenhagen uPAR prostate cancer (CuPCa) database

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Lippert, Solvej; Berg, Kasper D; Høyer-Hansen, Gunilla

    2016-01-01

    AIM: Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) plays a central role during cancer invasion by facilitating pericellular proteolysis. We initiated the prospective 'Copenhagen uPAR Prostate Cancer' study to investigate the significance of uPAR levels in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. METHODS...

  18. Responsabilidad internacional del individuo y responsabilidad internacional del Estado: Encuentros y desencuentros en torno a la figura de los `crímenes de derecho internacional´

    OpenAIRE

    Chinchón Álvarez, Javier

    2009-01-01

    Lo que nos va a ocupar en la presente contribución es la necesidad de una clara distinción entre lo propio de la responsabilidad internacional del Estado y lo relativo a la responsabilidad internacional del individuo; en un ámbito singular como es el de los conocidos como "crímenes de derecho internacional". Cuestión que, a nadie escapa, tiene unas implicaciones esenciales para no naufragar en los procelosos mares del Derecho internacional contemporáneo

  19. Recombination in the human Pseudoautosomal region PAR1.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anjali G Hinch

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available The pseudoautosomal region (PAR is a short region of homology between the mammalian X and Y chromosomes, which has undergone rapid evolution. A crossover in the PAR is essential for the proper disjunction of X and Y chromosomes in male meiosis, and PAR deletion results in male sterility. This leads the human PAR with the obligatory crossover, PAR1, to having an exceptionally high male crossover rate, which is 17-fold higher than the genome-wide average. However, the mechanism by which this obligatory crossover occurs remains unknown, as does the fine-scale positioning of crossovers across this region. Recent research in mice has suggested that crossovers in PAR may be mediated independently of the protein PRDM9, which localises virtually all crossovers in the autosomes. To investigate recombination in this region, we construct the most fine-scale genetic map containing directly observed crossovers to date using African-American pedigrees. We leverage recombination rates inferred from the breakdown of linkage disequilibrium in human populations and investigate the signatures of DNA evolution due to recombination. Further, we identify direct PRDM9 binding sites using ChIP-seq in human cells. Using these independent lines of evidence, we show that, in contrast with mouse, PRDM9 does localise peaks of recombination in the human PAR1. We find that recombination is a far more rapid and intense driver of sequence evolution in PAR1 than it is on the autosomes. We also show that PAR1 hotspot activities differ significantly among human populations. Finally, we find evidence that PAR1 hotspot positions have changed between human and chimpanzee, with no evidence of sharing among the hottest hotspots. We anticipate that the genetic maps built and validated in this work will aid research on this vital and fascinating region of the genome.

  20. Plasma suPAR is lowered by smoking cessation

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Eugen-Olsen, Jesper; Ladelund, Steen; Sørensen, Lars Tue

    2016-01-01

    BACKGROUND: Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is a stable inflammatory biomarker. In patients, suPAR is a marker of disease presence, severity and prognosis. In the general population, suPAR is predictive of disease development, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease a...

  1. La obligación de investigar las desapariciones forzadas y su aplicación a los crímenes del franquismo en España

    OpenAIRE

    Galella, Patricio

    2014-01-01

    La sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de España en el caso por prevaricato contra el juez Garzón por pretender investigar los crímenes del franquismo ha cerrado la vía judicial como medio para canalizar las reclamaciones de los familiares de víctimas del franquismo. En su lugar, el Tribunal sostuvo que otros mecanismos eran los apropiados. La práctica indica, sin embargo, que los juzgados competentes han archivado sistemáticamente las causas y la Ley de Memoria Histórica es insuficiente, colocand...

  2. Information report sent in according to the Rule's article 146 by the finance, general economy and budget control Commission related to EDF's and Areva's financial situation and perspectives - Nr 4463

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Goua, Marc; Rocca Serra, Camille de

    2012-01-01

    This report presents a synthesis of the most recent information on the both public companies, EDF and AREVA, within the context of their industrial sector. While discussing hypotheses and assessments of future expenses, the report outlines that future expenses related to the electronuclear activity are well provisioned in the accounts of both companies, but that their value is probably under-estimated. As far as EDF is concerned, the authors outline that the international development strategy impacted investment and partnership choices, and that the company should review this posture within a new context. As far as Areva is concerned, they think that the company possesses the required assets to be revived, but this requires rigorous financial and industrial choices

  3. Analizando los regímenes de violación en la intersección entre la guerra y la paz en el Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Boesten, Jelke

    2011-01-01

    Utilizando el conflicto político en el Perú (1980-2000) como estudio de caso, en este trabajo sostengo que el hecho de entender la violación como arma de guerra oculta otros regímenes de violación que tuvieron lugar durante el conflicto armado interno y que no encajan necesariamente con esta definición.Estas prácticas incluyen la violación como consumo, la violación oportunista, la violación perpetrada por vecinos o miembros de la familia, la prostitución forzada y la violación en el periodo ...

  4. EDF's new environment-oriented method for planning the Extra High Voltage transmission network

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Trogneux, F.; Doquet, M.; Blondel, H.; Mallet, P.

    1996-01-01

    As EDF is experiencing increasing difficulties to develop its transmission network, the time may have come to reconsider the project selection method. In this paper, we point out that the currently used method essentially relies on a classical discounted balance criterion. We then present a new method taking into account the impact of a project on the environment by considering an environmental risk which may jeopardize the project's success. This method helps to evaluate the probability that each possible route of each project will be carried through. A simple probability computation then allows us to derive a global comparison of the eligible projects on the basis of an expected discounted balance criterion. Experiments now in progress will help to decide upon this method's efficiency in the context of an operational use. (author). 5 figs., 1 tab., 4 refs

  5. The inflammatory marker suPAR after cardiac arrest

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Rundgren, Malin; Lyngbaek, Stig; Fisker, Helle

    2015-01-01

    . This pilot study aimed at investigating suPAR levels in relation to outcome after CA and mild induced hypothermia. METHODS: suPAR levels were measured at 6, 36, and 72 hours in patients treated with hypothermia after CA. suPAR levels were analyzed in relation to survival after 6 months. Receiver operating...

  6. EDF and local authorities: a historical model of compromise and control?

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bouneau, Ch.

    2008-01-01

    The June 15, 1906 Distribution Act is central to the country's legal and energy heritage, and has retained, after 1946, its validity and relevance, in the era of EDF. By acknowledging the essential role of local authorities, mainly cities, it established the local public electricity agency (SPL) based on relationships between the licensor and the Licence Holder. After setting up the FNCCR (Federation Nationale des Collectivites Concedantes et Regies) in 1933, the April 8, 946 Nationalization Act had initiated a golden age for local electric economy control by public agencies, by confirming the privileges of local authorities. The end of rural electrification, the role of FACE (Fonds d'Amortissement des charges d'electrification rurale) and the increasing number of inter-city associations symbolize the French model of concession economy. Open competition under European energy liberalization directives since 1990 has led to increased authority, as well as responsibilities, for local authorities looking for a new SPL. Its key words are not only competitiveness, but also social and territorial solidarity and the new requirements of sustainable energy development, and its agenda. (author)

  7. Linear study and bundle adjustment data fusion; Application to vision localization; Recherche lineaire et fusion de donnees par ajustement de faisceaux; Application a la localisation par vision

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Michot, J.

    2010-12-09

    de reduire le temps de convergence des minimisations. Une difficulte des algorithmes de localisation en temps reel par la vision (SLAM monoculaire) est que la trajectoire estimee est souvent affectee par des derives: derives d'orientation, de position et d'echelle. Puisque ces algorithmes sont incrementaux, les erreurs et approximations sont cumulees tout au long de la trajectoire, et une derive se forme sur la localisation globale. De plus, un systeme de localisation par vision peut toujours etre ebloui ou utilise dans des conditions qui ne permettent plus temporairement de calculer la localisation du systeme. Pour resoudre ces problemes, nous proposons d'utiliser un capteur supplementaire mesurant les deplacements de la camera. Le type de capteur utilise varie suivant l'application ciblee (un odometre pour la localisation d'un vehicule, une centrale inertielle legere ou un systeme de navigation a guidage inertiel pour localiser une personne). Notre approche consiste a integrer ces informations complementaires directement dans l'ajustement de faisceaux, en ajoutant un terme de contrainte pondere dans la fonction de cout. Nous evaluons trois methodes permettant de selectionner dynamiquement le coefficient de ponderation et montrons que ces methodes peuvent etre employees dans un SLAM multi-capteur temps reel, avec differents types de contrainte, sur l'orientation ou sur la norme du deplacement de la camera. La methode est applicable pour tout autre terme de moindres carres. Les experimentations menees sur des sequences video reelles montrent que cette technique d'ajustement de faisceaux contraint reduit les derives observees avec les algorithmes de vision classiques. Ils ameliorent ainsi la precision de la localisation globale du systeme

  8. It's quicker "Par Avignon"!

    CERN Multimedia

    2005-01-01

    For a few years, the CERN Library has been receiving books from the University of Hanover sent via Avignon, at least that's what it says on the envelope. Such a detour would mean that parcels were travelling 720 km more than the distance separating Geneva and Hanover, which would be a very strange state of affairs. The explanation lies in a spelling mistake. The sender has been stamping parcels with a stamp that says "Par Avignon prioritaire" (first-class via Avignon) instead of "Par Avion prioritaire" (First Class Air Mail), a source of much amusement to the librarians!

  9. Burst slug detection system in french power reactors (1961); La detection des ruptures de gaines dans les reacteurs de puissance francais (1961)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Megy, J; Roguin, A [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1961-07-01

    Gas samples are taken from the channels of the reactor and the short lived fission products are electrostatically collected to be analysed by a phosphor and photomultiplier system. The electrostatic collection and rotating electrode detector is described and its main uses exposed. Experience has shown the interest of measuring the evolution of fission products activities and not their absolute value only. In this way, data processing equipment have been designed and adapted to the detection apparatus. The system developed and realized for the G-l - G-2 - G-3 - EDF-1 - EDF-2 reactors are compared. (authors) [French] Un prelevement de gaz est effectue dans les canaux du reacteur et les produits de fission a vie courte sont collectes electrostatiquement pour etre analyses par un ensemble scintillateur-photomultiplicateur. Le detecteur a collection electrostatique et electrode tournante est decrit et ses applications principales sont exposees. L'experience a montre l'interet de mesurer l'evolution des activites en produits de fission et non seulement leur valeur absolue. D'ou le developpement d'ensembles de traitement des informations associes aux chaines de detection. Comparaison des realisations sur les reacteurs G-l - G-2 - G-3 - EDF-1 et EDF-2. (auteurs)

  10. Serum suPAR in patients with FSGS: trash or treasure?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maas, Rutger J H; Deegens, Jeroen K J; Wetzels, Jack F M

    2013-07-01

    The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has important functions in cell migration. uPAR can be shed from the cell membrane resulting in soluble uPAR (suPAR). Further cleavage gives rise to shorter fragments with largely unknown functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that both overexpression of uPAR on podocytes and the administration of suPAR cause proteinuria in mice. The common pathogenic mechanism involves the activation of podocyte β3-integrin. Increased activation of β3-integrin is also observed in patients with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). These observations form the basis for the hypothesis that suPAR may be the circulating factor causing FSGS. A recent study fosters this idea by demonstrating increased suPAR levels in the serum of patients with FSGS and reporting an association with recurrence after transplantation and response to plasmapheresis. However, this study was heavily biased, and subsequent studies have given conflicting results. Although the experimental work is very suggestive, at present there is no proof that any known human suPAR fragment causes FSGS in humans. We therefore suggest that the measurement of suPAR using currently available assays has absolutely no value at the present time in decision-making in routine clinical practice.

  11. Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1 regulates leukemic stem cell functions.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nicole Bäumer

    Full Text Available External signals that are mediated by specific receptors determine stem cell fate. The thrombin receptor PAR1 plays an important role in haemostasis, thrombosis and vascular biology, but also in tumor biology and angiogenesis. Its expression and function in hematopoietic stem cells is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed expression and function of PAR1 in primary hematopoietic cells and their leukemic counterparts. AML patients' blast cells expressed much lower levels of PAR1 mRNA and protein than CD34+ progenitor cells. Constitutive Par1-deficiency in adult mice did not affect engraftment or stem cell potential of hematopoietic cells. To model an AML with Par1-deficiency, we retrovirally introduced the oncogene MLL-AF9 in wild type and Par1-/- hematopoietic progenitor cells. Par1-deficiency did not alter initial leukemia development. However, the loss of Par1 enhanced leukemic stem cell function in vitro and in vivo. Re-expression of PAR1 in Par1-/- leukemic stem cells delayed leukemogenesis in vivo. These data indicate that Par1 contributes to leukemic stem cell maintenance.

  12. Proteinase-Activated Receptor 1 (PAR1) regulates leukemic stem cell functions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bäumer, Nicole; Krause, Annika; Köhler, Gabriele; Lettermann, Stephanie; Evers, Georg; Hascher, Antje; Bäumer, Sebastian; Berdel, Wolfgang E; Müller-Tidow, Carsten; Tickenbrock, Lara

    2014-01-01

    External signals that are mediated by specific receptors determine stem cell fate. The thrombin receptor PAR1 plays an important role in haemostasis, thrombosis and vascular biology, but also in tumor biology and angiogenesis. Its expression and function in hematopoietic stem cells is largely unknown. Here, we analyzed expression and function of PAR1 in primary hematopoietic cells and their leukemic counterparts. AML patients' blast cells expressed much lower levels of PAR1 mRNA and protein than CD34+ progenitor cells. Constitutive Par1-deficiency in adult mice did not affect engraftment or stem cell potential of hematopoietic cells. To model an AML with Par1-deficiency, we retrovirally introduced the oncogene MLL-AF9 in wild type and Par1-/- hematopoietic progenitor cells. Par1-deficiency did not alter initial leukemia development. However, the loss of Par1 enhanced leukemic stem cell function in vitro and in vivo. Re-expression of PAR1 in Par1-/- leukemic stem cells delayed leukemogenesis in vivo. These data indicate that Par1 contributes to leukemic stem cell maintenance.

  13. Serum suPAR in patients with FSGS: trash or treasure?

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Maas, R.J.H.; Deegens, J.K.J.; Wetzels, J.F.M.

    2013-01-01

    The urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has important functions in cell migration. uPAR can be shed from the cell membrane resulting in soluble uPAR (suPAR). Further cleavage gives rise to shorter fragments with largely unknown functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that both

  14. On-line acoustic monitoring of EDF nuclear plants in operation and loose-part diagnosis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morel, J.L.; Puyal, C.

    1991-05-01

    In order to detect incipient failures in nuclear power plant components, EDF has now put into operation more than 50 loose-part monitoring systems, on its 900 MW and 1 300 MW units. This paper first reviews the experience gained on the 900 MW reactors in recent years. It then focuses on the 1 300 MW loose part monitoring system (IDEAL) and to the tools developed for the diagnosis off site within a specific Expertise Laboratory at the Research and Development Division. New studies have been undertaken within the Monitoring and Aid to Diagnosis Station (PSAD) in order to extend the capabilities of loose part diagnosis on site. The new tools here presented integrate the recent progress in acquisition technology (SMART system) and in artificial intelligence (MIGRE expert system)

  15. Accouchement par forceps: indications et pronostic materno-foetal ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    L'accouchement par voie basse, peut être parfois compromis par des facteurs maternels, foetaux ou materno-foetaux nécessitant des moyens thérapeutiques comme le forceps pour achever l'accouchement par voie naturelle. Le forceps, une méthode qui n'est pas sans risque pour la mère et le nouveau-né. Nous avons ...

  16. Operating procedures for emergency situations in EDF PWR plants

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Depond, G.; Resse, L.

    1992-01-01

    Analysis of incidents and accidents occurring at French and foreign power plants - particularly the TMI accident - and the commissioning of many units in France, as well as tests on simulators, have all demonstrated that an improvement of safety in nuclear power units depends largely on the improvement of the man-machine interface and particularly of emergency operating procedures (EOP). EDF has taken numerous actions in this direction, especially since 1979. First of all, in improving the classical approach based on event-oriented procedures: Rewriting of initial accident operating procedures with regard to their technical contents their form, and the organization of the operating team (procedures I and A); Extension of initial procedures into areas at the limits of design basis and beyond the design basis limits (procedures H). Nevertheless, this approach is subject to several weaknesses. Dependence on a precise initial diagnosis, impossibility to take into account all the conceivable accidental situations, discrepancies between the predicted pattern and the reality. These drawbacks of the event approach have led us to revise the technical conception of the EOPs, and to develop a new approach based on a continuous monitoring of the physical states of the plant and the ability to define a relationship between the physical state of the plant and the operator actions. (author). 4 figs

  17. MERMOS. An EDF project to update the PHRA methodology

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Le Bot, P.; Desmares, E.; Bieder, C.; Bonnet, J.L.; Cara, F.

    1997-09-01

    To account for successive evolution of nuclear power plants emergency operation, EDF had several times to review PHRA methodologies. It was particularly the case when event-based procedures were left behind to the benefit of state-based procedures. These are the main ambitions of the project named MERMOS that started in 1996. The design effort for a new PHRA method is carried out by a multidisciplinary team involving reliability engineers, psychologists and ergonomists. The method, considered as the analysis tool dedicated to PHRA analysts, is one of the two outcomes of the project. The other one is the formalization of the design approach for the method, aimed at a good appropriation of the method by the analysts. The PHRA method is based upon a model of emergency operation called 'SAD model'. The formalization effort of the design approach lead to clarify and justify it. The model describes and explains both functioning and dys-functioning of emergency operation in PSA scenarios. It combines a systemic approach and what is called distributed cognition in cognitive sciences. Collective aspects are considered as an important feature in explaining phenomena under study in operation dys-functioning. The PHRA method is to be operational early next year (1998). Preliminary validation tests were performed quite early in the design process. These tests will set the grounds for the presentation of examples of the application of the method. (author)

  18. EFICACIA DE UNA INTERVENCIÓN PARA DISMINUIR LA ANSIEDAD FRENTE A LOS EXÁMENES EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS ARGENTINOS/ EFFICACY OF AN INTERVENTION AIMED AT REDUCING TEST ANXIETY IN ARGENTINEAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS/ EFICÁCIA DE UMA INTERVENÇÃO PARA DIMINUIR A ANSIEDADE ANTE OS EXAMES EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS ARGENTINOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luis Alberto Furlan

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó la efectividad de un programa para disminuir la ansiedad ante los exámenes, la procrastinación académica e incrementar la autoeficacia regulatoria, con 19 estudiantes universitarios de Argentina. El programa estimula el automonitoreo de las estrategias de aprendizaje implementadas, el aprendizaje de técnicas cognitivo-conductuales de control de la ansiedad y el ensayo anticipado de exámenes. Al comparar los resultados pre- y posintervención, se constataron mejorías moderadas. Se deben revisar los procedimientos para incrementar la adherencia al programa y la validez de los resultados.

  19. Problems presented by the filtration and sampling of aerosols in the atomic energy programme; Problemes poses par la filtration et le prelevement des aerosols dans le cadre de l'energie atomique

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Cochinal, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France).Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1959-07-01

    The maximum permissible limits for radioactive aerosols are much lower than those for aerosols encountered in the non-nuclear industries. These limits depend on numerous factors such as: nature of the radiation, half-life, etc. The radioactive aerosols can be prepared by various methods. The filtering of the air in high activity laboratories or in plutonium treatment factories necessitates an installation consisting of: - aspiration filters, - extraction filters of very high efficiency (those used for {alpha} emitter cells: designed to be replaced without incurring contamination risks; those used for {gamma} emitter cells: designed to be replaced by remote control). The filtering in nuclear reactors is also effectuated by filter papers: - the G1 reactor with open circuit: the air coolant is entirely filtered at the entry and on leaving; - the G2, G3 and EDF1 reactors with closed circuits: filtering under pressure of a small portion of the coolant gas. (author) [French] Les limites maxima permises des aerosols radioactifs sont beaucoup plus faibles que celles des aerosols rencontres dans l'industrie classique. Elles dependent de nombreux facteurs tel que: nature du rayonnement, periode radioactive, etc... La formation des aerosols radioactifs est de nature diverse. La filtration des laboratoires de haute activite, ou d'usines d'elaboration de plutonium conduit a des types d'installations comportant: - des filtres d'aspiration; - des filtres d'extraction a rendement extremement eleve (type pour cellules emettrices {alpha} concu pour etre change sans risque de contamination, type pour cellules emettrices {gamma}: concu pour etre change a distance) La filtration des reacteurs nucleaires sont egalement effectuee par des papiers filtres: - reacteur G1 a circuit ouvert: air de refroidissement totalement filtre a l'aspiration et a l'extraction; - reacteurs G2, G3, EDF1: a circuit ferme: filtration sous pression d'une faible partie du gaz de refroidissement. (auteur)

  20. Sobre el dominio territorial como requisito del elemento político en la definición de los crímenes de lesa humanidad. Un análisis enfocado en la calificación jurídica de los actos de la izquierda armada en Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Francisco Iosa

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Ofrezco primero una caracterización  de la teoría de los dos demonios. Esta teoría, tras gozar del rol de discurso de Estado luego de la recuperación democrática en Argentina, ha sido explícitamente rechazada en la segunda generación de juicios: aquí se consideró que sólo los militares (no las organizaciones de izquierda cometieron crímenes contra la humanidad. Mi interés está centrado en evaluar las razones que sustentan esa distinción. Con vistas a ese fin, segundo, presento la figura de los crímenes contra la humanidad tal como está fijada en el Estatuto de Roma y distingo cuatro concepciones relativas a cómo debe delinearse su  elemento político. Tercero, reconstruyo la interpretación que la Corte y los tribunales argentinos hacen de los requisitos necesarios para que un delito califique como crimen contra la humanidad. Hago foco en  el elemento político y específicamente en las condiciones que una organización debe satisfacer para ser capaz de cometer dichos crímenes. Cuarto, comparo las decisiones argentinas con las tomadas por las cortes internacionales. Quinto, ofrezco una reconstrucción de los requisitos que a mi entender deben ser tenidos en cuenta (según la concepción normativa que considero correcta en la definición legal de los crímenes contra la humanidad. Con esta herramienta conceptual en mano evalúo las decisiones jurisprudenciales mencionadas más arriba. Por último, presento la que considero como la calificación jurídica adecuada de los delitos cometidos por la izquierda armada en los setenta. 

  1. The ASN imposes on EDF complementary requirements for the setting of the hard-core unit

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Anon.

    2014-01-01

    In January 2014, the ASN (French Authority for Nuclear Safety) published a list of 19 decisions concerning the implementation of a 'post-Fukushima' hard-core unit in each EDF nuclear power plant. The purpose of the hard-core unit is to have structures and equipment able to resist very extreme events and able to assure the vital functions necessary for the reactor safety. The 19 decisions detail the rules for the design of the hard-core unit. For example the hard-core unit will have to resist earthquakes for which the probability of occurrence is about 1 every 20.000 years while the probability taking into account for the design of the reactor is only 1 every 1000 or 10.000 years

  2. EDF decommissioning programme: A global commitment to safety, environment and cost efficiency of nuclear energy

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grenouillet, J.-J.

    2002-01-01

    Nowadays, decommissioning of nuclear power plants has become a key issue for the nuclear industry in Europe. The phasing out of nuclear energy in Germany, Belgium and Sweden, as well as the early closure of nuclear units in applicant countries in the frame of EU enlargement, has largely contributed to consider decommissioning as the next challenge to face. The situation is slightly different in France: Nuclear energy is still considered as a safe, cost-effective and environment friendly energy source and EDF is still working on the development of a new generation of reactors to replace the existing ones. Nevertheless, to achieve this objective, it will be necessary to get the support of political decision-makers and the acceptance of public opinion. (author)

  3. Predictibilidad de los exámenes de conocimientos para ingresar a las preparatorias de la Universidad De La Salle Bajío

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Humberto de Anda Padilla

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente estudio se determinó, como una medida del grado de predictibilidad, la correlación que hay entre los exámenes de conocimientos que sustentan los alumnos al ingresar a la preparatoria en la Universidad De La Salle Bajío y el desempeño académico durante el primer año de estudios de los propios alumnos. Adicionalmente a lo anterior se trabajó con una tercera variable que corresponde al promedio de los dos primeros años de secundaria y que conjuntamente con el examen de conocimientos aumenta el grado de predictibilidad. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se calcularon los coeficientes de correlación entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en el examen de admisión, global y por área evaluada, y las calificaciones finales obtenidas en cada materia al terminar el primero y segundo semestre, así como el promedio de calificaciones del primer año. Fueron analizadas las características del instrumento para medir cada una de las áreas que lo componen y sus posibles variaciones entre las versiones equivalentes aplicadas a dos cohortes diferentes en los campi que componen la Universidad (2005 y 2006. La hipótesis de investigación plantea que los coeficientes de correlación entre las puntuaciones de los exámenes de conocimientos y las calificaciones del primer año serán al menos del 0.3. Se trabajó con datos correspondientes al total de sustentantes que concluyeron el segundo semestre de estudios de la preparatoria. Entre los resultados se encontró que el promedio de los dos primeros años de estudio de secundaria y las puntuaciones obtenidas en el examen de admisión presentan junto con el promedio de cada materia una correlación mayor a 0.3 en las 20 materias que se cursan en los dos primeros semestres de preparatoria. Alcanzando la relación más importante con los promedios de calificaciones de 1° y 2° semestre y todo el primer año, con coeficientes de correlación de r1er sem=0.57, r2do sem=0.58 y r1er año=0

  4. Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4): A Promising Target for Antiplatelet Therapy.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rwibasira Rudinga, Gamariel; Khan, Ghulam Jilany; Kong, Yi

    2018-02-14

    Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are currently among the leading causes of death worldwide. Platelet aggregation is a key cellular component of arterial thrombi and major cause of CVDs. Protease-activated receptors (PARs), including PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4, fall within a subfamily of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR). Human platelets express PAR1 and PAR4, which contribute to the signaling transduction processes. In association with CVDs, PAR4 not only contributes to platelet activation but also is a modulator of cellular responses that serve as hallmarks of inflammation. Although several antiplatelet drugs are available on the market, they have many side effects that limit their use. Emerging evidence shows that PAR4 targeting is a safer strategy for preventing thrombosis and consequently may improve the overall cardiac safety profile. Our present review summarizes the PAR4 structural characteristics, activation mechanism, role in the pathophysiology of diseases and understanding the association of PAR4 targeting for improved cardiac protection. Conclusively, this review highlights the importance of PAR4 antagonists and its potential utility in different CVDs.

  5. Anticipation of maintenance of EDF nuclear power plants: the studying of the feasibility of big components repair or replacement

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Dubreuil Chambardel, A.

    2001-01-01

    Maintaining the technical-economic performance of nuclear power stations is in the first place provided by standard preventive maintenance. These are operations of test, monitoring or maintenance performed periodically on the components, providing the guarantee of a level of safety and availability of the NPPs at the lowest possible cost. To this standard maintenance is added exceptional maintenance which covers important operations of maintenance to be performed (generally only once) on a large number of units, the achievement of which may have a strong impact in terms of resources and availability. As an example can be quoted replacement of steam generators. The second level of anticipation of maintenance consists of having a prospective vision of major degradations which could affect components, of identifying exceptional operations of maintenance which should ''probably'' be performed some day, and of making certain that measures are taken in order that, if needed, their implementation affects as little as possible the performance of the EDF nuclear power stations. EDF has developed these two levels of anticipation since the onset of running its NPPs. However it has turned out to be necessary to intensify the preceding actions in particular with regard to the possibilities to repair or replace components, by identifying as completely as possible the equipment which could create problems and by assessing the interest to implement solutions with a view of making the best use of allocated resources. (author)

  6. Anticipation of maintenance of EDF nuclear power plants: the studying of the feasibility of big components repair or replacement

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Dubreuil Chambardel, A. [Electricite de France (EDF), Div. Production Nucleaire, 93 - Saint-Denis (France)

    2001-07-01

    Maintaining the technical-economic performance of nuclear power stations is in the first place provided by standard preventive maintenance. These are operations of test, monitoring or maintenance performed periodically on the components, providing the guarantee of a level of safety and availability of the NPPs at the lowest possible cost. To this standard maintenance is added exceptional maintenance which covers important operations of maintenance to be performed (generally only once) on a large number of units, the achievement of which may have a strong impact in terms of resources and availability. As an example can be quoted replacement of steam generators. The second level of anticipation of maintenance consists of having a prospective vision of major degradations which could affect components, of identifying exceptional operations of maintenance which should ''probably'' be performed some day, and of making certain that measures are taken in order that, if needed, their implementation affects as little as possible the performance of the EDF nuclear power stations. EDF has developed these two levels of anticipation since the onset of running its NPPs. However it has turned out to be necessary to intensify the preceding actions in particular with regard to the possibilities to repair or replace components, by identifying as completely as possible the equipment which could create problems and by assessing the interest to implement solutions with a view of making the best use of allocated resources. (author)

  7. Vibration monitoring of EDF rotating machinery using artificial neural networks

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alguindigue, I.E.; Loskiewicz-Buczak, A.; Uhrig, R.E.; Hamon, L.; Lefevre, F.

    1991-01-01

    Vibration monitoring of components in nuclear power plants has been used for a number of years. This technique involves the analysis of vibration data coming from vital components of the plant to detect features which reflect the operational state of machinery. The analysis leads to the identification of potential failures and their causes, and makes it possible to perform efficient preventive maintenance. Earlydetection is important because it can decrease the probability of catastrophic failures, reduce forced outgage, maximize utilization of available assets, increase the life of the plant, and reduce maintenance costs. This paper documents our work on the design of a vibration monitoring methodology based on neural network technology. This technology provides an attractive complement to traditional vibration analysis because of the potential of neural networks to operate in real-time mode and to handle data which may be distorted or noisy. Our efforts have been concentrated on the analysis and classification of vibration signatures collected by Electricite de France (EDF). Two neural networks algorithms were used in our project: the Recirculation algorithm and the Backpropagation algorithm. Although this project is in the early stages of development it indicates that neural networks may provide a viable methodology for monitoring and diagnostics of vibrating components. Our results are very encouraging

  8. PAR1 activation affects the neurotrophic properties of Schwann cells.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pompili, Elena; Fabrizi, Cinzia; Somma, Francesca; Correani, Virginia; Maras, Bruno; Schininà, Maria Eugenia; Ciraci, Viviana; Artico, Marco; Fornai, Francesco; Fumagalli, Lorenzo

    2017-03-01

    Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is the prototypic member of a family of four G-protein-coupled receptors that signal in response to extracellular proteases. In the peripheral nervous system, the expression and/or the role of PARs are still poorly investigated. High PAR1 mRNA expression was found in the rat dorsal root ganglia and the signal intensity of PAR1 mRNA increased in response to sciatic nerve transection. In the sciatic nerve, functional PAR1 receptor was reported at the level of non-compacted Schwann cell myelin microvilli of the nodes of Ranvier. Schwann cells are the principal population of glial cells of the peripheral nervous system which myelinate axons playing an important role during axonal regeneration and remyelination. The present study was undertaken in order to determine if the activation of PAR1 affects the neurotrophic properties of Schwann cells. Our results suggest that the stimulation of PAR1 could potentiate the Schwann cell ability to favour nerve regeneration. In fact, the conditioned medium obtained from Schwann cell cultures challenged with a specific PAR1 activating peptide (PAR1 AP) displays increased neuroprotective and neurotrophic properties with respect to the culture medium from untreated Schwann cells. The proteomic analysis of secreted proteins in untreated and PAR1 AP-treated Schwann cells allowed the identification of factors differentially expressed in the two samples. Some of them (such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2, decorin, syndecan 4, complement C1r subcomponent, angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1) appear to be transcriptionally regulated after PAR1 AP treatment as shown by RT-PCR. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Protease-Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4: A Promising Target for Antiplatelet Therapy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gamariel Rwibasira Rudinga

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs are currently among the leading causes of death worldwide. Platelet aggregation is a key cellular component of arterial thrombi and major cause of CVDs. Protease-activated receptors (PARs, including PAR1, PAR2, PAR3 and PAR4, fall within a subfamily of seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR. Human platelets express PAR1 and PAR4, which contribute to the signaling transduction processes. In association with CVDs, PAR4 not only contributes to platelet activation but also is a modulator of cellular responses that serve as hallmarks of inflammation. Although several antiplatelet drugs are available on the market, they have many side effects that limit their use. Emerging evidence shows that PAR4 targeting is a safer strategy for preventing thrombosis and consequently may improve the overall cardiac safety profile. Our present review summarizes the PAR4 structural characteristics, activation mechanism, role in the pathophysiology of diseases and understanding the association of PAR4 targeting for improved cardiac protection. Conclusively, this review highlights the importance of PAR4 antagonists and its potential utility in different CVDs.

  10. Jurisdicción Universal sobre Crímenes de Guerra: Evolución Histórica y su Codificación en el Derecho de Ginebra

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco J. Bariffi

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available En lo que podríamos calificar como una postura doctrinaria ampliamente mayoritaria, se podría afirmar que el derecho internacional humanitario (DIH establece la obligación(en el ámbito convencional o la facultad (en el ámbito consuetudinario de los Estado de la Comunidad Internacional de ejercer su jurisdicción criminal para juzgar y sancionar actos calificados como crímenes de guerra sin necesidad de acreditar vínculo de territorialidad, nacionalidad, carácter de beligerante, o defensa de intereses nacionales. Aunque la práctica internacional en este sentido, es más bien escasa, la incorporación de este principio en las legislaciones nacionales parece evidenciar una clara tendencia.A pesar la anterior afirmación, y que, desde la creación de la Cruz Roja en 1863, y la adopción un año más tarde del Convenio para aliviar la suerte de los militares heridos de los ejércitos en campaña, el DIH aplicable a los conflictos armados no ha cesado de desarrollarse, la represión de la criminalidad de guerra por la sociedad internacionalorganizada no comienza, realmente, hasta la finalización de la Segunda Guerra Mundial(II G.M. Antes de dicho hito histórico, no resulta fácil identificar normas vinculantes sobre represión penal de crímenes guerra, y con posterioridad al mismo, las escasas disposiciones codificadas por el Derecho de Ginebra, no parecen haberse puesto enpráctica.

  11. EDF, the market and Europe. The future of a public utility

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Fitoussi, J.P.

    2003-01-01

    European governments have decided, in the framework of the unique market, to open their national market to competition. Electricite de France (EdF), like the overall French public utilities, has to adapt to this new situation. The question is: how to perform this mutation and avoid ultra-liberalism? This is the main guideline of this book which aim is to define the modalities of the necessary implication of the government and the ones of a new kind of company governance in a sector where regulation errors can have dramatic consequences (like the power outage in the US). The objective of the author is not to propose a simple compromise between market and public utility logics, but to consider the double opening of markets and companies capital as new opportunities to improve both the public utility and the companies efficiency. Such a company 'of the third kind' (somewhere between governmental and private) can be built only if the new rules and reforms are made in a clever and profitable way, i.e. in compliance with sustainable development principles, in the respect of management transparency, and for the benefit of general people and in particular the end-users. (J.S.)

  12. The company, strategist and negotiator in the domain of environment. The case of EDF's hydroelectric industry; L'entreprise, stratege et negociateur en matiere d'environnement. Le cas de la filiere hydroelectrique d'EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Gaudefroy de Mombynes-Lemenager, T

    2007-11-15

    This thesis tries to answer the practical and theoretical problems of environment protection in the case of the hydropower branch of Electricite de France (EDF) company. These problems concern the contribution of the company to environment protection and the evaluation of this contribution. The work stresses on the synergic dimension (cooperation and negotiation) of the company/environment problem but also on the conflict dimension necessarily associated to this problem. The environmental management of a company has to deal with the complex game between the internal organisational stakes and the external relational strategies. A model is proposed which allows to evaluate the efficiency of a given environmental management system and to evaluate the participation of companies to this system with respect to the above listed points. Finally, some recommendations and elements of answers are proposed. (J.S.)

  13. Vote par sondage uniforme incorruptible

    OpenAIRE

    Blanchard , Nicolas

    2016-01-01

    International audience; Introduit en 2012 par David Chaum, le vote par sondage uniforme (random-sample voting) est un protocole de vote basé sur un choix d'une sous-population représentative , permettant de limiter les coûts tout en ayant de nombreux avantages, principalement lorsqu'il est couplé a d'autres techniques comme ThreeBallot. Nous analysons un problème de corruptibilité potentielle où les votants peuvent vendre leur vote au plus offrant et proposons une variation du protocole reméd...

  14. Assessment of the radiological inventory of EDF's graphite waste through an assimilation method

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Poncet, B.

    2014-01-01

    The definitive disposal of graphite from the decommissioned UNGG reactors (Chinon A3, Saint-Laurent A1, Saint-Laurent A2 and Bugey 1) has required a radiological inventory of the irradiated graphite. This study focuses on Cl 36 that is produced by neutron absorption on Cl 35 that was present initially in graphite as an impurity (about 80 mg/t of Cl initially in Bugey 1 graphite)). It appears that the changes of Cl 36 concentration along the height of a stack of graphite do neither fit the changes in the neutron flux nor the changes in the graphite temperature. This fact is explained by the high level of purity of the graphite and the nugget effect. Challenged by the absence of spatial correlation of the Cl 36 concentration, an EDF's team has developed an assimilation method based on comparisons between calculations and measurements in order to get a conservative inventory. (A.C.)

  15. The double par locus of virulence factor pB171: DNA segregation is correlated with oscillation of ParA

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ebersbach, G; Gerdes, K; Charbon, Gitte Ebersbach

    2001-01-01

    Prokaryotic plasmids and chromosomes encode partitioning (par) loci that segregate DNA to daughter cells before cell division. Recent database analyses showed that almost all known par loci encode an ATPase and a DNA-binding protein, and one or more cis-acting regions where the proteins act. All...

  16. The role of pars flaccida in human middle ear sound transmission.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Aritomo, H; Goode, R L; Gonzalez, J

    1988-04-01

    The role of the pars flaccida in middle ear sound transmission was studied with the use of twelve otoscopically normal, fresh, human temporal bones. Peak-to-peak umbo displacement in response to a constant sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane was measured with a noncontacting video measuring system capable of repeatable measurements down to 0.2 micron. Measurements were made before and after pars flaccida modifications at 18 frequencies between 100 and 4000 Hz. Four pars flaccida modifications were studied: (1) acoustic insulation of the pars flaccida to the ear canal with a silicone rubber baffle, (2) stiffening the pars flaccida with cyanoacrylate cement, (3) decreasing the tension of the pars flaccida with a nonperforating incision, and (4) perforation of the pars flaccida. All of the modifications (except the perforation) had a minimal effect on umbo displacement; this seems to imply that the pars flaccida has a minor acoustic role in human beings.

  17. Concept and measure of improved equity: attempt of implementation to the 'blue-white-red' tariff option of EDF; Concept et mesure d'equite amelioree: tentative d'application a l'option tarifaire ''bleu-blanc-rouge'' d'EDF

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Bezzina, J. [Montpellier-1 Unirv. Faculte des Sciences Economiques, Centre de Recherche en Economie et Droit de l' Energie - ATER - CREDEN, 34 (France)

    1997-12-01

    The issue of cross-subsidies and cost allocation practices concerns a large part of debates facing the deregulation of electric public utilities. The first aim of this paper is to deal with the regulation of an electric multi-product monopoly in association with equity and efficiency dimensions. To this end, we develop a concept and measure of improved equity. From a practical point of view, we also try to compute improved equity measurement considering the case of EDF tariff for domestic customers. (author)

  18. Détermination en tridimensionnel des pertes par courant de Foucault dans la cuve d'un transformateur

    Science.gov (United States)

    Guérin, Christophe; Tanneau, Gérard; Meunier, Gérard; Sakellaris, Ioannis

    1993-03-01

    This paper deals with 3D electromagnetic modelling of a transformer so as to evaluate eddy current losses in the tank. In this purpose, several numerical methods have been used with two 3D softwares, FLUX3D (LEG) and TRIFOU (EDF). These methods use either nodal finite elements with the magnetic vector potential (FLUX3D), or the edge finite elements with the magnetic field as the state variable (TRIFOU). Classical volume elements and several special elements have been used : shell elements with the magnetic vector potential for the modelling of thin conducting regions, and surface elements for conducting regions with a small skin depth. The results given by these methods with several characteristics of the tank and magnetic core have been compared and their validity domain has been verified. The shell elements suit well when the skin depth is larger than the tank thickness, whereas in the opposite case, the surface elements for thin skin depth regions are well adapted. Nous présentons la modélisation tridimensionnelle d'un transformateur pour la détermination des pertes par courants de Foucault dans sa cuve. Pour cela, plusieurs méthodes numériques ont été utilisées à l'aide de deux codes de calcul tridimensionnels : FLUX3D (LEG) et TRIFOU (EDF). Ces méthodes utilisent soit les éléments finis nodaux avec le potentiel vecteur magnétique (FLUX3D), soit les éléments finis d'arête avec le champ magnétique comme variable d'état (TRIFOU). Outre l'utilisation des éléments volumiques, nous avons employé des éléments surfaciques de type coque en potentiel vecteur magnétique pour la modélisation de regions conductrices minces, ainsi que des éléments surfaciques pour les régions conductrices présentant une faible épaisseur de peau. Les résultats obtenus avec ces méthodes pour différentes caractéristiques du matériau de la cuve et du circuit magnétique ont permis de vérifier leur domaine de validité. Les éléments de type coque conviennent

  19. Movement and equipositioning of plasmids by ParA filament disassembly

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Ringgaard, Simon; van Zon, Jeroen; Howard, Martin

    2009-01-01

    , plasmids consistently migrate behind disassembling ParA cytoskeletal structures, suggesting that ParA filaments pull plasmids by depolymerization. The perpetual cycles of ParA assembly and disassembly result in continuous relocation of plasmids, which, on time averaging, results in equidistribution...

  20. PAR-1 contributes to the innate immune response during viral infection

    Science.gov (United States)

    Antoniak, Silvio; Owens, A. Phillip; Baunacke, Martin; Williams, Julie C.; Lee, Rebecca D.; Weithäuser, Alice; Sheridan, Patricia A.; Malz, Ronny; Luyendyk, James P.; Esserman, Denise A.; Trejo, JoAnn; Kirchhofer, Daniel; Blaxall, Burns C.; Pawlinski, Rafal; Beck, Melinda A.; Rauch, Ursula; Mackman, Nigel

    2013-01-01

    Coagulation is a host defense system that limits the spread of pathogens. Coagulation proteases, such as thrombin, also activate cells by cleaving PARs. In this study, we analyzed the role of PAR-1 in coxsackievirus B3–induced (CVB3-induced) myocarditis and influenza A infection. CVB3-infected Par1–/– mice expressed reduced levels of IFN-β and CXCL10 during the early phase of infection compared with Par1+/+ mice that resulted in higher viral loads and cardiac injury at day 8 after infection. Inhibition of either tissue factor or thrombin in WT mice also significantly increased CVB3 levels in the heart and cardiac injury compared with controls. BM transplantation experiments demonstrated that PAR-1 in nonhematopoietic cells protected mice from CVB3 infection. Transgenic mice overexpressing PAR-1 in cardiomyocytes had reduced CVB3-induced myocarditis. We found that cooperative signaling between PAR-1 and TLR3 in mouse cardiac fibroblasts enhanced activation of p38 and induction of IFN-β and CXCL10 expression. Par1–/– mice also had decreased CXCL10 expression and increased viral levels in the lung after influenza A infection compared with Par1+/+ mice. Our results indicate that the tissue factor/thrombin/PAR-1 pathway enhances IFN-β expression and contributes to the innate immune response during single-stranded RNA viral infection. PMID:23391721