FABRICATION OF Cu-Al-Ni SHAPE MEMORY THIN FILM BY THERMAL EVOPRATION

OpenAIRE

Özkul, İskender; Canbay, Canan Aksu; Tekataş, Ayşe

2017-01-01

Among the functional, materials shape memory alloysare important because of their unique properties. So, these materials haveattracted more attention to be used in micro/nano electronic andelectromechanic systems. In this work, thermal evaporation method has been usedto produce CuAlNi shape memory alloy thin film. The produced CuAlNi thin filmhas been characterized and the presence of the martensite phase wasinvestigated and compared with the CuAlNi alloy sample. CuAlNi shape memoryalloy thin...

Precipitation of Ni4Ti3-variants in a polycrystalline Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bojda, Ondřej; Eggeler, G.; Dlouhý, Antonín

2005-01-01

Roč. 53, č. 1 (2005), s. 99-104 ISSN 1359-6462 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA106/05/0918 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20410507 Keywords : NiTi shape memory alloys * Ni4Ti3 precipitation * Transmission electron microscopy Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.228, year: 2005

Ab-initio thermodynamic and elastic properties of AlNi and AlNi3 intermetallic compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Yalameha, Shahram; Vaez, Aminollah

2018-04-01

In this paper, thermodynamic and elastic properties of the AlNi and AlNi3 were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (APW) in the framework of the generalized gradient approximation as used as implemented in the Wien2k package. The temperature dependence of thermal expansion coefficient, bulk modulus and heat capacity in a wide range of temperature (0-1600 K) were investigated. The calculated elastic properties of the compounds show that both intermetallic compounds of AlNi and AlNi3 have surprisingly negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). The results were compared with other experimental and computational data.

NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu shape memory thin film heterostructures for vibration damping in MEMS

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaur, Navjot; Kaur, Davinder, E-mail: dkaurfph@iitr.ernet.in

2014-03-25

Highlights: • Fabrication of NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu heterostructure using dc/rf magnetron sputtering. • Exhibits highest hardness (38 GPa) and elastic modulus (187 GPa). • Enhanced dissipation of mechanical energy (E{sub d} = 5.7 N J). • High damping capacity (0.052) and figure of merit (∼0.62). • Can be applied for vibration damping in MEMS. -- Abstract: Shape memory alloy (NiTiCu) thin films coupled with piezoelectric AlN layer produce an intelligent material for vibration damping. In the present study pure NiTiCu, NiTiCu/AlN and NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu heterostructures have been deposited on Si substrate using magnetron sputtering technique. By the use of the interfaces and shape memory effect provided by NiTiCu layers, the damping capacity can be increased along with increase in stiffness and mechanical hardness. The heterostructures were characterized in terms of structural, electrical, morphological and mechanical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD), four probe resistivity method, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. The NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu heterostructure exhibit enhanced mechanical and damping properties as compared to NiTiCu/AlN and pure NiTiCu. This enhancement in hardness and damping of the heterostructure could be attributed to the shape memory effect of NiTiCu, intrinsic piezoelectricity of AlN and increased number of interfaces in heterostructure that help in dissipation of mechanical vibrations. The findings of this work provide additional impetus for the application of these heterostructures in emerging fields of nanotechnology and microelectro mechanical (MEMS) devices.

NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu shape memory thin film heterostructures for vibration damping in MEMS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaur, Navjot; Kaur, Davinder

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Fabrication of NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu heterostructure using dc/rf magnetron sputtering. • Exhibits highest hardness (38 GPa) and elastic modulus (187 GPa). • Enhanced dissipation of mechanical energy (E d = 5.7 N J). • High damping capacity (0.052) and figure of merit (∼0.62). • Can be applied for vibration damping in MEMS. -- Abstract: Shape memory alloy (NiTiCu) thin films coupled with piezoelectric AlN layer produce an intelligent material for vibration damping. In the present study pure NiTiCu, NiTiCu/AlN and NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu heterostructures have been deposited on Si substrate using magnetron sputtering technique. By the use of the interfaces and shape memory effect provided by NiTiCu layers, the damping capacity can be increased along with increase in stiffness and mechanical hardness. The heterostructures were characterized in terms of structural, electrical, morphological and mechanical properties by X-ray diffraction (XRD), four probe resistivity method, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoindentation. The NiTiCu/AlN/NiTiCu heterostructure exhibit enhanced mechanical and damping properties as compared to NiTiCu/AlN and pure NiTiCu. This enhancement in hardness and damping of the heterostructure could be attributed to the shape memory effect of NiTiCu, intrinsic piezoelectricity of AlN and increased number of interfaces in heterostructure that help in dissipation of mechanical vibrations. The findings of this work provide additional impetus for the application of these heterostructures in emerging fields of nanotechnology and microelectro mechanical (MEMS) devices

Fabrication of SLM NiTi Shape Memory Alloy via Repetitive Laser Scanning

Science.gov (United States)

Khoo, Zhong Xun; Liu, Yong; Low, Zhi Hong; An, Jia; Chua, Chee Kai; Leong, Kah Fai

2018-01-01

Additive manufacturing has the potential to overcome the poor machinability of NiTi shape-memory alloy in fabricating smart structures of complex geometry. In recent years, a number of research activities on selective laser melting (SLM) of NiTi have been carried out to explore the optimal parameters for producing SLM NiTi with the desired phase transformation characteristics and shape-memory properties. Different effects of energy density and processing parameters on the properties of SLM NiTi were reported. In this research, a new approach—repetitive laser scanning—is introduced to meet these objectives as well. The results suggested that the laser absorptivity and heat conductivity of materials before and after the first scan significantly influence the final properties of SLM NiTi. With carefully controlled repetitive scanning process, the fabricated samples have demonstrated shape-memory effect of as high as 5.11% (with an average value of 4.61%) and exhibited comparable transformation characteristics as the NiTi powder used. These results suggest the potential for fabricating complex NiTi structures with similar properties to that of the conventionally produced NiTi parts.

Fabrication of SLM NiTi Shape Memory Alloy via Repetitive Laser Scanning

Science.gov (United States)

Khoo, Zhong Xun; Liu, Yong; Low, Zhi Hong; An, Jia; Chua, Chee Kai; Leong, Kah Fai

2018-03-01

Additive manufacturing has the potential to overcome the poor machinability of NiTi shape-memory alloy in fabricating smart structures of complex geometry. In recent years, a number of research activities on selective laser melting (SLM) of NiTi have been carried out to explore the optimal parameters for producing SLM NiTi with the desired phase transformation characteristics and shape-memory properties. Different effects of energy density and processing parameters on the properties of SLM NiTi were reported. In this research, a new approach—repetitive laser scanning—is introduced to meet these objectives as well. The results suggested that the laser absorptivity and heat conductivity of materials before and after the first scan significantly influence the final properties of SLM NiTi. With carefully controlled repetitive scanning process, the fabricated samples have demonstrated shape-memory effect of as high as 5.11% (with an average value of 4.61%) and exhibited comparable transformation characteristics as the NiTi powder used. These results suggest the potential for fabricating complex NiTi structures with similar properties to that of the conventionally produced NiTi parts.

Role of atomic bonding for compound and glass formation in Ni-Si, Pd-Si, and Ni-B systems

Science.gov (United States)

Tanaka, K.; Saito, T.; Suzuki, K.; Hasegawa, R.

1985-11-01

Valence electronic structures of crystalline compounds and glassy alloys of Ni silicides, Pd silicides, and Ni borides are studied by soft-x-ray spectroscopy over wide ranges of Si and B concentrations. The samples prepared include bulk compounds, glassy ribbons, and amorphous sputtered films. Silicon Kβ emissions of Ni and Pd silicides generally consist of a prominent peak fixed at ~=4.5 and ~=5.8 eV below the Fermi level EF, respectively, with a shoulder near EF which grows and shifts toward lower energy with increasing Si concentration. The former is identified as due to Si p-like states forming Si 3p-Ni 3d or Si 3p-Pd 4d bonding states while the latter as due to the corresponding antibonding states. Ni L3 and Pd L3 emissions of these silicides indicate that Ni 3d and Pd 4d states lie between the above two states. These local electronic configurations are consistent with partial-density-of-states (PDOS) calculations performed by Bisi and Calandra. Similar electronic configurations are suggested for Ni borides from B Kα and Ni L3 emissions. Differences of emission spectra between compounds and glasses of similar compositions are rather small, but some enhancement of the contribution of antibonding states to the PDOS near EF is suggested for certain glasses over that of the corresponding compounds. These features are discussed in connection with the compound stability and glass formability.

Large magnetocaloric effect of GdNiAl2 compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dembele, S.N.; Ma, Z.; Shang, Y.F.; Fu, H.; Balfour, E.A.; Hadimani, R.L.; Jiles, D.C.; Teng, B.H.; Luo, Y.

2015-01-01

This paper presents the structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect of the polycrystalline compound GdNiAl 2 . Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and Rietveld refinement revealed that GdNiAl 2 alloy is CuMgAl 2 -type phase structure with about 1 wt% GdNi 2 Al 3 secondary phase. Magnetic measurements suggest that the compound is ferromagnetic and undergoes a second-order phase transition near 28 K. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change reaches 16.0 J/kg K for an applied magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe and the relative cooling power was 6.4×10 2 J/kg. It is a promising candidate as a magnetocaloric material working near liquid hydrogen temperature (~20 K) exhibiting large relative cooling power. - Highlights: • Preferred orientation with axis of [010] was found in the GdNiAl 2 compound. • The ΔS Mmax and the RCP are 16.0 J/kg K and 640 J/kg, respectively, for ΔH=50 kOe. • Relative low rare earth content in GdNiAl 2 comparing with other candidates

Cold Forming of Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy Sheet

Science.gov (United States)

Fann, Kaung-Jau; Su, Jhe-Yung

2018-03-01

Ni-Ti shape memory alloy has two specific properties, superelasiticity and shape memory effect, and thus is widely applied in diverse industries. To extend its further application, this study attempts to investigate the feasibility of cold forming its sheet blank especially under a bi-axial tensile stress state. Not only experiments but also a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) with DEFORM 2D was conducted in this study. The material data for FEA was accomplished by the tensile test. An Erichsen-like cupping test was performed as well to determine the process parameter for experiment setup. As a result of the study, the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy sheet has a low formability for cold forming and shows a relative large springback after releasing the forming load.

Synthesis and characterization of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy multilayer thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gómez-Cortés, J.F.; San Juan, J.; López, G.A.; Nó, M.L.

2013-01-01

Among active materials, shape memory alloys are well recognized for their work output density. Because of that, these alloys have attracted much attention to be used in micro/nano electromechanical systems. In the present work, the electron beam evaporation technique has been used to growth, by a multilayer method, two shape memory alloy thin films with different Cu–Al–Ni composition. Multilayers have been further thermally treated to produce the alloys by solid solution diffusion. The produced multilayers have been characterized and the presence of the martensite phase in the obtained thin films was studied. Furthermore, the influence of two different coatings onto the Si substrates, namely Si/SiO 2 and Si/Si 3 N 4 , was investigated. Mechanically stable, not detaching from the substrates, Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy thin films, about 1 micrometre thick, showing a martensitic transformation have been produced. - Highlights: ► Multilayer thin films of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys produced by e-beam evaporation. ► SiN X 200 nm thick coating is good for high quality Cu–Al–Ni shape memory thin films. ► Thermal treatment renders Cu–Al–Ni multilayer in homogeneous martensite thin film

Shape memory effect and microstructures of sputter-deposited Cu-Al-Ni films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Minemura, T.; Andoh, H.; Kita, Y.; Ikuta, I.

1985-01-01

The shape memory effect has been found in many alloy systems which exhibit a thermoelastic martensite transformation. Cu-Al-Ni alloys exhibit an excellent shape memory effect in single crystalline states, but they have not yet been commercially used due to their brittle fracture along the grain boundaries in polycrystalline states. This letter reports the shape memory effect and microstructures of the sputter-deposited Cu-Al-Ni films. Cu-14%Al-4%Ni alloy ingot was prepared. A target for sputter deposition was cut from the ingot. Aluminium foils (20 μm thick) were used for the substrates of sputter deposition. The microstructures and crystal structures of the films were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction using CuKα radiation, respectively. The effect of the sputtering conditions such as substrate temperature, partial pressure of argon gas, and the sputtering power on the structures of sputter-deposited Cu-14%Al-4%Ni films were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Results are shown and discussed. Photographs demonstrate shape memory behaviour of Cu-14%Al-4%Ni films sputter-deposited on aluminium foils from (a) liquid nitrogen temperature to (d) room temperature. (author)

Thermomechanical model for NiTi shape memory wires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frost, M; Sedlák, P; Sippola, M; Šittner, P

2010-01-01

A simple one-dimensional rate-independent model is proposed. It is able to capture responses of a NiTi shape memory alloy wire element to mechanical and thermal loadings. Since the model takes into account martensitic phase transformation as well as deformation processes in the martensite, both shape memory effects and pseudoelasticity can be simulated. The model introduces non-hysteretic transformation strain. Particular attention was paid to description of partial loading cycles. By changing the input parameters the model can be adapted to various types of NiTi-based materials. The model was implemented in the finite element code Abaqus as a User routine and several simulations were performed to validate the implementation

Microstructural evolution of Ni40Zr60 alloy during early stage of mechanical alloying of intermetallic compounds NiZr2 and Ni11Zr9

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee Peeyew; Koch, C.C.

1994-01-01

The microstructural change of Ni 40 Zr 60 alloy during mechanical alloying of mixtures of the intermetallic compounds NiZr 2 and Ni 11 Zr 9 has been studied by transmission electron microscopy. A specific ''cauliflower'' phase was formed during early stage of mechanical alloying process. It is suggested that the solid state reaction between intermetallic compounds NiZr 2 and Ni 11 Zr 9 is not the only origin for the formation of the ''cauliflower'' phase. ((orig.))

Effect of adding Si on shape memory effect in Co-Ni alloy system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou Weimin [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China); Liu Yan [Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050 (China); Jiang Bohong [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China)]. E-mail: bhjiang@sjtu.edu.cn; Zhou Pingnan [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030 (China)

2006-11-25

In this paper, the effect of adding Si to Co-31.5 mass% Ni alloys on fcc-hcp martensitic transformation is investigated. The Co-Ni-Si ternary alloys with different amount of Si from 1 to 5 mass% were prepared. The stacking fault probability of Co-Ni-Si polycrystalline alloys were determined by X-ray diffraction profile analysis and compared with the binary Co-Ni alloy. The results show that the stacking fault probability of the fcc phase of alloys increases with increasing Si content. The effect of Si on phase transformation and shape memory behavior is evaluated. The experimental results show that both the critical strength and the shape memory effect of the ternary alloys will increase by the addition of Si. The improvement mechanism of the shape memory effect by adding Si to binary Co-Ni alloys is discussed.

Microstructure, mechanical and functional properties of NiTi-based shape memory ribbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mehrabi, K.; Bruncko, M.; Kneissl, A.C.

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Melt-spun samples exhibited martensite structure and shape memory effects immediately after processing at room temperature. ► Using a new etchant and interference contrast, it is possible to reveal the fine microstructures and grain boundaries. ► The martensite structure in NiTi is very fine, and nano-sized twin boundaries could be revealed using TEM only. ► Two-way effects have been successfully introduced by different thermomechanical training methods in NiTi, NiTiCu and NiTiW alloys, which can be used for several applications, e.g. microsensors and microactuators. - Abstract: The present work has been aimed to study the microstructures, functional properties and the influence of different thermomechanical training methods on the two-way shape memory effect in NiTi-based melt-spun ribbons. In order to get small-dimensioned shape memory alloys (SMAs) with good functional and mechanical properties, a rapid solidification technique was employed. Their fracture and elasticity characteristics have been determined, as well as shape memory properties by thermomechanical cycling. The ribbons were trained under tensile and bending deformation by thermal cycling through the phase transformation temperature range. The results displayed that all different training methods were effective in developing a two-way shape memory effect (TWSME). The influence of copper (5–25 at.% Cu) and tungsten (2 at.% W) on the microstructure, and the functional and mechanical behavior of NiTi thin ribbons was also investigated. All samples show a shape memory effect immediately after processing without further heat treatment. The melt-spun ribbons were trained under constant strain (bending and tensile deformation) by thermal cycling through the phase transformation temperature range. The addition of copper was effective to narrow the transformation hysteresis. The W addition has improved the TWSME stability of the NiTi alloys and mechanical properties. Results about

Synthesis and characterization of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy multilayer thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gómez-Cortés, J.F. [Dpt. Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); San Juan, J., E-mail: jose.sanjuan@ehu.es [Dpt. Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); López, G.A.; Nó, M.L. [Dpt. Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain)

2013-10-01

Among active materials, shape memory alloys are well recognized for their work output density. Because of that, these alloys have attracted much attention to be used in micro/nano electromechanical systems. In the present work, the electron beam evaporation technique has been used to growth, by a multilayer method, two shape memory alloy thin films with different Cu–Al–Ni composition. Multilayers have been further thermally treated to produce the alloys by solid solution diffusion. The produced multilayers have been characterized and the presence of the martensite phase in the obtained thin films was studied. Furthermore, the influence of two different coatings onto the Si substrates, namely Si/SiO{sub 2} and Si/Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}, was investigated. Mechanically stable, not detaching from the substrates, Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy thin films, about 1 micrometre thick, showing a martensitic transformation have been produced. - Highlights: ► Multilayer thin films of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys produced by e-beam evaporation. ► SiN{sub X} 200 nm thick coating is good for high quality Cu–Al–Ni shape memory thin films. ► Thermal treatment renders Cu–Al–Ni multilayer in homogeneous martensite thin film.

Deposition of Chitosan Layers on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kowalski P.

2015-04-01

Full Text Available The NiTi shape memory alloys have been known from their application in medicine for implants as well as parts of medical devices. However, nickel belongs to the family of elements, which are toxic. Apart from the fact that nickel ions are bonded with titanium into intermetallic phase, their presence may cause allergy. In order to protect human body against release of nickel ions a surface of NiTi alloy can be modified with use of titanium nitrides, oxides or diamond-like layers. On the one hand the layers can play protective role but on the other hand they may influence shape memory behavior. Too stiff or too brittle layer can lead to limiting or completely blocking of the shape recovery. It was the reason to find more elastic covers for NiTi surface protection. This feature is characteristic for polymers, especially, biocompatible ones, which originate in nature. In the reported paper, the chitosan was applied as a deposited layer on surface of the NiTi shape memory alloy. Due to the fact that nature of shape memory effect is sensitive to thermo and/or mechanical treatments, the chitosan layer was deposited with use of electrophoresis carried out at room temperature. Various deposition parameters were checked and optimized. In result of that thin chitosan layer (0.45µm was received on the NiTi alloy surface. The obtained layers were characterized by means of chemical and phase composition, as well as surface quality. It was found that smooth, elastic surface without cracks and/or inclusions can be produced applying 10V and relatively short deposition time - 30 seconds.

Superconducting properties of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa Heusler compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saad Alzahrani

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The superconducting properties of a series of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization, and ac susceptibility measurements. While the parent compound, ZrNi2Ga, exhibited the cubic L21 Heusler structure, multiple non-cubic structures formed in the Zr and Ni rich doped materials. For x ≤ 0.3, all Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds demonstrated superconducting behavior, but no superconductivity was observed in the Zr1+xNi2-xGa alloys for x > 0.2. The magnetization data revealed that all materials in both Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa series exhibited type-II superconductivity. With increasing doping concentration x, the paramagnetic ordering were enhanced in both systems while the superconducting properties were found to weaken. The observations are discussed considering the structural disorders in the systems.

Study of hyperfine interactions in intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lapolli, Andre Luis

2006-01-01

Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (B hf ) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of B hf were carried out at the rare earth atom and in sites using the nuclear probes 140 Ce and 11 '1Cd respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from 140 Ce probe as well as at in sites obtained from 111 Cd probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin B hf (T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to B hf comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of B hf (T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with 111 Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the 111 Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdln and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature. (author)

Large magnetocaloric effect of GdNiAl{sub 2} compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dembele, S.N.; Ma, Z.; Shang, Y.F. [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Fu, H., E-mail: fuhao@uestc.edu.cn [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Balfour, E.A. [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China); Hadimani, R.L.; Jiles, D.C. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Ames Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Ames, IA 50011 (United States); Teng, B.H.; Luo, Y. [School of Physical Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)

2015-10-01

This paper presents the structure, magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect of the polycrystalline compound GdNiAl{sub 2}. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and Rietveld refinement revealed that GdNiAl{sub 2} alloy is CuMgAl{sub 2}-type phase structure with about 1 wt% GdNi{sub 2}Al{sub 3} secondary phase. Magnetic measurements suggest that the compound is ferromagnetic and undergoes a second-order phase transition near 28 K. The maximum value of magnetic entropy change reaches 16.0 J/kg K for an applied magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe and the relative cooling power was 6.4×10{sup 2} J/kg. It is a promising candidate as a magnetocaloric material working near liquid hydrogen temperature (~20 K) exhibiting large relative cooling power. - Highlights: • Preferred orientation with axis of [010] was found in the GdNiAl{sub 2} compound. • The ΔS{sub Mmax} and the RCP are 16.0 J/kg K and 640 J/kg, respectively, for ΔH=50 kOe. • Relative low rare earth content in GdNiAl{sub 2} comparing with other candidates.

Neutron diffraction determination of atomic mean-square displacements in cubic compounds of Ni-Al and Ni-Al-Cu systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khidirov, I.; Mukhtarova, N.N.

2002-01-01

The atomic mean-square displacements (AMSD) are some of important characteristics of the solid and can be the main information for determination of a number of other characteristics of substances. In the work AMSD is determined for a number of cubic compounds of Ni-Al, Ni-Al-Cu systems immediately from intensities of neutron diffraction maxima. It is shown by the offered method that in all NiAl x and NiAlCu x compounds with the CsCl - type structure AMSD are near each other and they are practically constant. Therefore it is possible to assume that within the homogeneity region of these compounds the interatomic bond forces are changed insignificantly

Phase transformation and precipitation in aged Ti-Ni-Hf high-temperature shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meng, X.L.; Cai, W.; Zheng, Y.F.; Zhao, L.C.

2006-01-01

More attention has been paid to ternary Ti-Ni-Hf high-temperature shape memory alloys (SMAs) due to their high phase transformation temperatures, good thermal stability and low cost. However, the Ti-Ni-Hf alloys have been found to have low ductility and only about 3% shape memory effect and these have hampered their applications. It is well known that there are three methods to improve the shape memory properties of high-temperature SMAs: (a) cold rolling + annealing; (b) adding another element to the alloy; (c) aging. These methods are not suitable to improve the properties of Ti-Ni-Hf alloys. In this paper, a method of conditioning Ni-rich Ti-Ni-Hf alloys as high-temperature SMAs by aging is presented. For Ni-rich Ti 80-x Ni x Hf 20 alloys (numbers indicate at.%) the phase transformation temperatures are on average increased by more than 100 K by aging at 823 K for 2 h. Especially for those alloys with Ni contents less than 50.6 at.%, the martensitic transformation start temperatures (M s ) are higher than 473 K after aging. Transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of (Ti + Hf) 3 Ni 4 precipitates after aging. Compared with the precipitation of Ti 3 Ni 4 particles in Ni-rich Ti-Ni alloys, the precipitation of (Ti + Hf) 3 Ni 4 particles in Ni-rich Ti-Ni-Hf alloys needs higher temperatures and longer times

Thin film Heusler compounds manganese nickel gallium

Science.gov (United States)

Jenkins, Catherine Ann

Multiferroic Heusler compounds Mn3--xNi xGa (x=0,1,2) have a tetragonal unit cell that can variously be used for magneto-mechanically coupled shape memory ( x=1,2) and spin-mechanical applications (x=0). The first fabrication of fully epitaxial thin films of these and electronically related compounds by sputtering is discussed. Traditional and custom lab characterization of the magnetic and temperature driven multiferroic behavior is augmented by more detailed synchrotron-based high energy photoemission spectroscopic techniques to describe the atomic and electronic structure. Integration of the MnNi2Ga magnetic shape memory compound in microwave patch antennas and active free-standing structures represents a fraction of the available and promising applications for these compounds. Prototype magnetic tunnel junctions are demonstrated by Mn3Ga electrodes with perpendicular anisotropy for spin torque transfer memory structures. The main body of the work concentrates on the definition and exploration of the material series Mn3--xNi xGa (x=0,1,2) and the relevant multiferroic phenomena exhibited as a function of preparation and external stimuli. Engineering results on each x=0,1,2 are presented with device prototypes where relevant. In the appendices the process of the materials design undertaken with the goal of developing new ternary intermetallics with enhanced properties is presented with a full exploration of the road from band structure calculations to device implementation. Cobalt based compounds in single crystal and nanoparticle form are fabricated with an eye to developing the production methods for new cobalt- and iron-based magnetic shape memory compounds for device applications in different forms. Mn2CoSn, a compound isolectronic and with similar atomic ordering to Mn2NiGa is experimentally determined to be a nearly half-metallic ferromagnet in contrast to the metallic ferrimagnetism in the parent compound. High energy photoemission spectroscopy is shown to

Study of Cu-Al-Ni-Ga as high-temperature shape memory alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xin; Wang, Qian; Zhao, Xu; Wang, Fang; Liu, Qingsuo

2018-03-01

The effect of Ga element on the microstructure, mechanical properties and shape memory effect of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni- xGa (wt%) high-temperature shape memory alloy was investigated by optical microscopy, SEM, XRD and compression test. The microstructure observation results showed that the Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni- xGa ( x = 0.5 and 1.0) alloys displayed dual-phase morphology which consisted of 18R martensite and (Al, Ga)Cu phase, and their grain size was about several hundred microns, smaller than that of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni alloy. The compression test results proved that the mechanical properties of Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni- xGa alloys were improved by addition of Ga element owing to the grain refinement and solid solution strengthening, and the compressive fracture strains were 11.5% for x = 0.5 and 14.9% for x = 1.0, respectively. When the pre-strain was 8%, the shape memory effect of 4.2 and 4.6% were obtained for Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-0.5 Ga and Cu-13.0Al-4.0Ni-1.0 Ga alloys after being heated to 400 °C for 1 min.

Laser welding of NiTi shape memory alloy: Comparison of the similar and dissimilar joints to AISI 304 stainless steel

Science.gov (United States)

Mirshekari, G. R.; Saatchi, A.; Kermanpur, A.; Sadrnezhaad, S. K.

2013-12-01

The unique properties of NiTi alloy, such as its shape memory effect, super-elasticity and biocompatibility, make it ideal material for various applications such as aerospace, micro-electronics and medical device. In order to meet the requirement of increasing applications, great attention has been given to joining of this material to itself and to other materials during past few years. Laser welding has been known as a suitable joining technique for NiTi shape memory alloy. Hence, in this work, a comparative study on laser welding of NiTi wire to itself and to AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel wire has been made. Microstructures, mechanical properties and fracture morphologies of the laser joints were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Vickers microhardness (HV0.2) and tensile testing techniques. The results showed that the NiTi-NiTi laser joint reached about 63% of the ultimate tensile strength of the as-received NiTi wire (i.e. 835 MPa) with rupture strain of about 16%. This joint also enabled the possibility to benefit from the pseudo-elastic properties of the NiTi component. However, tensile strength and ductility decreased significantly after dissimilar laser welding of NiTi to stainless steel due to the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds in the weld zone during laser welding. Therefore, a suitable modification process is required for improvement of the joint properties of the dissimilar welded wires.

Nonvolatile memory characteristics influenced by the different crystallization of Ni-Si and Ni-N nanocrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, W.-R.; Yeh, J.-L.; Chang, C.-Y.; Chang, T.-C.; Chen, S.-C.

2008-01-01

The formation of Ni-Si and Ni-N nanocrystals by sputtering a Ni 0.3 Si 0.7 target in argon and nitrogen environment were proposed in this paper. A transmission electron microscope analysis shows the nanocrystals embedded in the nitride layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction also offer the chemical material analysis of nanocrystals with surrounding dielectric and the crystallization of nanocrystals for different thermal annealing treatments. Nonvolatile Ni-Si nanocrystal memories reveal superior electrical characteristics for charge storage capacity and reliability due to the improvement of thermal annealing treatment. In addition, we used energy band diagrams to explain the significance of surrounding dielectric for reliability

Powder metallurgy of NiTi-alloys with defined shape memory properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bram, M.; Ahmad-Khanlou, A.; Buchkremer, H.P.; Stoever, D.

2001-01-01

The aim of the present work is the development of fabrication processes for NiTi shape memory alloys by powder metallurgical means. The starting materials used were prealloyed powders as well as elemental powder mixtures. Three techniques seem to be very promising for shaping of NiTi compacts. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) has been examined for the production of dense semi-finished components. A promising technique for the production of dense and porous coatings with an increased wear resistance is Vacuum Plasma Spraying (VPS). Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) is especially suitable for near-net shape fabrication of small components with a complex geometry considering that large numbers of units have to be produced for compensating high tool and process costs. Subsequently, thermal treatments are required to establish defined shape memory properties. The reproducibility and stability of the shape memory effect are main aspects thinking about a production of NiTi components in an industrial scale. (author)

Shape memory characteristics of sputter-deposited Ti-Ni thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miyazaki, Shuichi; Ishida, Akira.

1994-01-01

Ti-Ni shape memory alloy thin films were deposited using an RF magnetron sputtering apparatus. The as-sputtered films were heat-treated in order to crystallize and memorize. After the heat treatment, the shape memory characteristics have been investigated using DSC and thermomechanical tests. Upon cooling the thin films, the solution-treated films showed a single peak in the DSC curve indicating a single stage transformation occurring from B2 to the martensitic phase, while the age-treated films showed double peaks indicating a two-stage transformation, i.e., from B2 to the R-phase, then to the martensitic phase. A perfect shape memory effect was achieved in these sputter-deposited Ti-Ni thin films in association both with the R-phase and martensitic transformations. Transformation temperatures increased linearly with increasing applied stress. The transformation strain also increased with increasing stress. The shape memory characteristics were strongly affected by heat-treatment conditions. (author)

Electron energy-loss spectroscopy study of NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Z.Q.; Schryvers, D.

2008-01-01

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) investigations were carried out on NiTi shape memory alloys. The composition of lens-shaped precipitates is determined to be Ni 4 Ti 3 by model-based EELS quantification, and the Ni-depleted zone in the B2 matrix surrounding the Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates was quantified. The Young's modulus Y m of the B2 matrix with 51 at.% Ni and the Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates was evaluated to be about 124 and 175 GPa, respectively. The intensity of the Ni L 3 edge for the precipitate is slightly higher than that for the B2 phase

X-ray diffraction studies of NiTi shape memory alloys

OpenAIRE

E. Łągiewka; Z. Lekston

2007-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present the results of the investigations of phase transitions of TiNiCo and Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys designed for medical applications.Design/methodology/approach: Temperature X-ray diffraction (TXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electrical resistivity (ER) and the temperature shape recovery measurements in three-point bending ASTM 2082-01 tests were used.Findings: It has been found in this work that ageing after solution treatme...

Effect of cold rolling on fatigue crack propagation of TiNi/A16061 shape memory composite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jin Kyung; Lee, Sang Pill; Park, Young Chul; Lee, Kyu Chang; Cho, Youn Ho; Lee, Joon Hyun

2005-01-01

TiNi alloy fiber was used to recover the original shape of materials using its shape memory effect. The shape memory alloy plays an important role within the metal matrix composite. The shape memory alloy can control the crack propagation in metal matrix composite, and improve the tensile strength of the composite. In this study, TiNi/A16061 Shape Memory Alloy(SMA) composite was fabricated by hot press method, and pressed by a roller for its strength improvement. The four kinds of specimens were fabricated with 0%, 3.2%, 5.2% and 7% volume fraction of TiNi alloy fiber, respectively. A fatigue test has performed to evaluate the crack initiation and propagation for the TiNi/A16061 SMA composite fabricated by this method. In order to study the shape memory effect of the TiNi alloy fiber, the test has also done under both conditions of the room temperature and high temperature. The relationship between the crack growth rate and the stress intensity factor was clarified for the composite, and the cold rolling effect was also studied

Effect of surface oxidation on thermomechanical behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy wire

Science.gov (United States)

Ng, Ching Wei; Mahmud, Abdus Samad

2017-12-01

Nickel titanium (NiTi) alloy is a unique alloy that exhibits special behavior that recovers fully its shape after being deformed to beyond elastic region. However, this alloy is sensitive to any changes of its composition and introduction of inclusion in its matrix. Heat treatment of NiTi shape memory alloy to above 600 °C leads to the formation of the titanium oxide (TiO2) layer. Titanium oxide is a ceramic material that does not exhibit shape memory behaviors and possess different mechanical properties than that of NiTi alloy, thus disturbs the shape memory behavior of the alloy. In this work, the effect of formation of TiO2 surface oxide layer towards the thermal phase transformation and stress-induced deformation behaviors of the NiTi alloy were studied. The NiTi wire with composition of Ti-50.6 at% Ni was subjected to thermal oxidation at 600 °C to 900 °C for 30 and 60 minutes. The formation of the surface oxide layers was characterized by using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The effect of surface oxide layers with different thickness towards the thermal phase transformation behavior was studied by using the Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC). The effect of surface oxidation towards the stress-induced deformation behavior was studied through the tensile deformation test. The stress-induced deformation behavior and the shape memory recovery of the NiTi wire under tensile deformation were found to be affected marginally by the formation of thick TiO2 layer.

Thermal processing of polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frick, Carl P.; Ortega, Alicia M.; Tyber, Jeffrey; Maksound, A.El.M.; Maier, Hans J.; Liu Yinong; Gall, Ken

2005-01-01

The objective of this study is to examine the effect of heat treatment on polycrystalline Ti-50.9 at.% Ni in hot-rolled and cold-drawn states. In particular, we examine microstructure, transformation temperatures as well as mechanical behavior in terms of both uniaxial monotonic testing and instrumented Vickers micro-indentation. The results constitute a fundamental understanding of the effect of heat treatment on thermal/stress-induced martensite and resistance to plastic flow in NiTi, all of which are critical for optimizing the mechanical properties. The high temperature of the hot-rolling process caused recrystallization, recovery, and hindered precipitate formation, essentially solutionizing the NiTi. The subsequent cold-drawing-induced a high density of dislocations and martensite. Heat treatments were carried out on hot-rolled, as well as, hot-rolled then cold-drawn materials at various temperatures for 1.5 h. Transmission Electron Microscopy observations revealed that Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates progressively increased in size and changed their interface with the matrix from being coherent to incoherent with increasing heat treatment temperature. Accompanying the changes in precipitate size and interface coherency, transformation temperatures were observed to systematically shift, leading to the occurrence of the R-phase and multiple-stage transformations. Room temperature stress-strain tests illustrated a variety of mechanical responses for the various heat treatments, from pseudoelasticity to shape memory. The changes in stress-strain behavior are interpreted in terms of shifts in the primary martensite transformation temperatures, rather then the occurrence of the R-phase transformation. The results confirm that Ti 3 Ni 4 precipitates can be used to elicit a desired isothermal stress-strain behavior in polycrystalline NiTi. Instrumented micro-indention tests revealed that Martens (Universal) Hardness values are more dependent on the resistance to dislocation

Magnetic and transport properties of EuNi(Si1-xGex)3 compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uchima, K; Takaesu, Y; Akamine, H; Kakihana, M; Tomori, K; Uejo, T; Teruya, A; Nakamura, A; Hedo, M; Nakama, T; Yagasaki, K; Matsubayashi, K; Uwatoko, Y

2014-01-01

The magnetization M, electrical resistivity ρ, thermopower S and specific heat C of EuNi(Si 1-x Ge x ) 3 compounds have been measured at temperatures from 2 to 300 K. For the compounds of EuNi(Si 1-x Ge x ) 3 , we obtained an effective magnetic moment of μ eff ∼ 7.7 μ B , which is close to the divalent Eu value of μ eff =7.94 μ B . All compounds of EuNi(Si 1-x Ge x ) 3 order antiferromagnetically. The Néel temperature T N decreases monotonously with increasing the Ge concentration x from T N =49 K for EuNiSi 3 to T N =14 K for EuNiGe 3 . In the low temperature region below T N , anomalies corresponding to an additional magnetic phase transition into ferromagnetic state for compounds with x < 0.3, and into another antiferromagnetic for x > 0.3 were observed. The Curie temperature T C rapidly decreases with increasing x and vanishes at x ≈ 0.3. It is found that the magnetic phase transition temperatures of T N and T C in EuNi(Si 1-x Ge x ) 3 are strongly connected with the change of volume induced by the atomic substitution of Si by Ge

On the development of high quality NiTi shape memory and pseudoelastic parts by additive manufacturing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haberland, Christoph; Elahinia, Mohammad; Walker, Jason M; Meier, Horst; Frenzel, Jan

2014-01-01

Additive manufacturing provides an attractive processing method for nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape memory and pseudoelastic parts. In this paper, we show how the additive manufacturing process affects structural and functional properties of additively manufactured NiTi and how the process parameter set-up can be optimized to produce high quality NiTi parts and components. Comparisons of shape recovery due to shape memory and pseudoelasticity in additively manufactured and commercial NiTi exhibit promising potential for this innovative processing method. (paper)

Surface microstructures and corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Kun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Thin Film Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST (United Kingdom); Li, Yan, E-mail: liyan@buaa.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Thin Film Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Huang, Xu [Memry Corporation, Bethel, CT 06801 (United States); Gibson, Des [Institute of Thin Films, Sensors & Imaging, Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE (United Kingdom); Zheng, Yang; Liu, Jiao; Sun, Lu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Thin Film Technology, Beihang University, Beijing 100191 (China); Fu, Yong Qing, E-mail: richard.fu@northumbria.ac.uk [Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 8ST (United Kingdom)

2017-08-31

Highlights: • The corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory thin films is investigated. • Modified surface oxide layers improve the corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti-Nb films. • Further Nb additions reduce the potential corrosion tendency of the films. - Abstract: Ni-Ti-Nb and Ni-Ti shape memory thin films were sputter-deposited onto silicon substrates and annealed at 600 °C for crystallization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that all of the annealed Ni-Ti-Nb films were composed of crystalline Ni-Ti (Nb) and Nb-rich grains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests showed that the surfaces of Ni-Ti-Nb films were covered with Ti oxides, NiO and Nb{sub 2}O{sub 5}. The corrosion resistance of the Ni-Ti-Nb films in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated using electrochemical tests such as open-circuit potential (OCP) and potentio-dynamic polarization tests. Ni-Ti-Nb films showed higher OCPs, higher corrosion potentials (E{sub corr}) and lower corrosion current densities (i{sub corr}) than the binary Ni-Ti film, which indicated a better corrosion resistance. The reason may be that Nb additions modified the passive layer on the film surface. The OCPs of Ni-Ti-Nb films increased with further Nb additions, whereas no apparent difference of E{sub corr} and i{sub corr} was found among the Ni-Ti-Nb films.

Magnetic and structural properties of the magnetic shape memory compound Ni2Mn1.48Sb0.52

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brown, P J; Gandy, A P; Neumann, K U; Sheikh, A; Ziebeck, K R A; Ishida, K; Oikawa, K; Ito, W; Kainuma, R; Kanomata, T; Ouladdiaf, B

2010-01-01

Magnetization and high resolution neutron powder diffraction measurements on the magnetic shape memory compound Ni 2 Mn 1.48 Sb 0.52 have confirmed that it is ferromagnetic below 350 K and undergoes a structural phase transition at T M ∼310 K. The high temperature phase has the cubic L2 1 structure with a = 5.958 A, with the excess manganese atoms occupying the 4(b) Sb sites. In the cubic phase above ∼310 K the manganese moments are ferromagnetically aligned. The magnetic moment at the 4(a) site is 1.57(12) μ B and it is almost zero (0.15(9) μ B ) at the 4(b) site. The low temperature orthorhombic phase which is only fully established below 50 K has the space group Pmma with a cell related to the cubic one by a Bain transformation a orth = (a cub + b cub )/2; b orth = c cub and c orth = (a cub - b cub ). The change in cell volume is ∼2.5%. The spontaneous magnetization of samples cooled in fields less than 0.5 T decreases at temperatures below T M and at 2 K the magnetic moment per formula unit in fields up to 5.5 T is 2.01(5) μ B . Neutron diffraction patterns obtained below ∼132 K gave evidence for a weak incommensurate magnetic modulation with propagation vector (2/3, 1/3, 0).

Magnetocaloric effect in textured rare earth intermetallic compound ErNi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aparna Sankar

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Melt-spun ErNi crystallizes in orthorhombic FeB-type structure (Space group Pnma, no. 62 similar to the arc-melted ErNi compound. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD experiments reveal the presence of texture and preferred crystal orientation in the melt-spun ErNi. The XRD data obtained from the free surface of the melt-spun ErNi show large intensity enhancement for (1 0 2 Bragg reflection. The scanning electron microscopy image of the free surface depicts a granular microstructure with grains of ∼1 μm size. The arc-melted and the melt-spun ErNi compounds order ferromagnetically at 11 K and 10 K (TC respectively. Field dependent magnetization (M-H at 2 K shows saturation behaviour and the saturation magnetization value is 7.2 μB/f.u. for the arc-melted ErNi and 7.4 μB/f.u. for the melt-spun ErNi. The isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm close to TC has been calculated from the M-H data. The maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change, -ΔSmmax, is ∼27 Jkg-1K-1 and ∼24 Jkg-1K-1 for the arc-melted and melt-spun ErNi for 50 kOe field change, near TC. The corresponding relative cooling power values are ∼440 J/kg and ∼432 J/kg respectively. Although a part of ΔSm is lost to crystalline electric field (CEF effects, the magnetocaloric effect is substantially large at 10 K, thus rendering melt-spun ErNi to be useful in low temperature magnetic refrigeration applications such as helium gas liquefaction.

Magnetocaloric effect in textured rare earth intermetallic compound ErNi

Science.gov (United States)

Sankar, Aparna; Chelvane, J. Arout; Morozkin, A. V.; Nigam, A. K.; Quezado, S.; Malik, S. K.; Nirmala, R.

2018-05-01

Melt-spun ErNi crystallizes in orthorhombic FeB-type structure (Space group Pnma, no. 62) similar to the arc-melted ErNi compound. Room temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments reveal the presence of texture and preferred crystal orientation in the melt-spun ErNi. The XRD data obtained from the free surface of the melt-spun ErNi show large intensity enhancement for (1 0 2) Bragg reflection. The scanning electron microscopy image of the free surface depicts a granular microstructure with grains of ˜1 μm size. The arc-melted and the melt-spun ErNi compounds order ferromagnetically at 11 K and 10 K (TC) respectively. Field dependent magnetization (M-H) at 2 K shows saturation behaviour and the saturation magnetization value is 7.2 μB/f.u. for the arc-melted ErNi and 7.4 μB/f.u. for the melt-spun ErNi. The isothermal magnetic entropy change (ΔSm) close to TC has been calculated from the M-H data. The maximum isothermal magnetic entropy change, -ΔSmmax, is ˜27 Jkg-1K-1 and ˜24 Jkg-1K-1 for the arc-melted and melt-spun ErNi for 50 kOe field change, near TC. The corresponding relative cooling power values are ˜440 J/kg and ˜432 J/kg respectively. Although a part of ΔSm is lost to crystalline electric field (CEF) effects, the magnetocaloric effect is substantially large at 10 K, thus rendering melt-spun ErNi to be useful in low temperature magnetic refrigeration applications such as helium gas liquefaction.

A Two-Way Shape Memory Study on Ni-Rich NiTi Shape Memory Alloy by Combination of the All-Round Treatment and the R-Phase Transformation

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Z. H.; Vokoun, D.; Leu, C. C.; Hu, C. T.

2017-12-01

Ni4Ti3 precipitates are formed in Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) after a certain heat treatment. Such a treatment then results in the changed phase transformation behavior of the alloy switching from the one-step reversible phase change B2 ↔ B19' to the two-step, B2 ↔ R ↔ B19', phase change. The present study reports a two-way shape memory (TWSM) due to an all-round treatment followed by an R-phase constraint aging at room temperature. The enhanced TWSM behavior was observed upon temperature cycling between 273 K (R-phase) and 77 K (B19' phase). The effect of various constraint strains in R-phase aging by employing different diameters of the constraint ring was studied. However, the TWSM effect due to constraining the R-phase will be eliminated after a temperature rise of specimen to the fully parent phase (373 K).

Thermal Expansion of Ni3Al Intermetallic Compound: Experiment and Simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Hai-Peng; Lü Peng; Zhou Kai; Wei Bing-Bo

2016-01-01

The thermal expansion of Ni 3 Al intermetallic compound is determined by a thermal dilatometer and simulated by the molecular dynamics method. The results of the linear thermal expansion coefficients are presented from 200 K up to the maximum temperature of 1600 K. The single phase of Ni 3 Al intermetallic compound is confirmed by x-ray diffraction together with DSC melting and solidification peaks, from which the solidus and the liquidus temperatures are obtained to be 1660 and 1695 K, respectively. The measured linear thermal expansion coefficient increases from 1.5 × 10 −5 to 2.7 × 10 −5 K −1 in the experimental temperature range, in good agreement with the data obtained by the molecular dynamics simulation, just a slight difference from the temperature dependence coefficient. Furthermore, the atomic structure and position are presented to reveal the atom distribution change during thermal expansion of Ni 3 Al compound. (paper)

Mechanical and shape memory properties of porous Ni50.1Ti49.9 alloys manufactured by selective laser melting.

Science.gov (United States)

Taheri Andani, Mohsen; Saedi, Soheil; Turabi, Ali Sadi; Karamooz, M R; Haberland, Christoph; Karaca, Haluk Ersin; Elahinia, Mohammad

2017-04-01

Near equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloys were fabricated in dense and designed porous forms by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and their mechanical and shape memory properties were systematically characterized. Particularly, the effects of pore morphology on their mechanical responses were investigated. Dense and porous NiTi alloys exhibited good shape memory effect with a recoverable strain of about 5% and functional stability after eight cycles of compression. The stiffness and residual plastic strain of porous NiTi were found to depend highly on the pore shape and the level of porosity. Since porous NiTi structures have lower elastic modulus and density than dense NiTi with still good shape memory properties, they are promising materials for lightweight structures, energy absorbers, and biomedical implants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Confining jackets for concrete cylinders using NiTiNb and NiTi shape memory alloy wires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Eunsoo; Yoon, Soon-Jong [Department of Civil Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 121-791 (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Tae-Hyun [School of Materials Science and Engineering and ERI, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 600-701 (Korea, Republic of); Cho, Sun-Kyu [School of Civil Engineering, Seoul National University of Technology, Seoul 139-743 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Joonam, E-mail: eunsoochoi@hongik.ac.k [Department of Railroad Structure Research, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang 437-050, Korea (Korea, Republic of)

2010-05-01

This study used prestrained NiTiNb and NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires to confine concrete cylinders. The recovery stress of the wires was measured with respect to the maximal prestrain of the wires. SMA wires were preelongated during the manufacturing process and then wrapped around concrete cylinders of 150 mmx300 mm ({phi}xL). Unconfined concrete cylinders were tested for compressive strength and the results were compared to those of cylinders confined by SMA wires. NiTiNb SMA wires increased the compressive strength and ductility of the cylinders due to the confining effect. NiTiNb wires were found to be more effective in increasing the peak strength of the cylinders and dissipating energy than NiTi wires. This study showed the potential of the proposed method to retrofit reinforced concrete columns using SMA wires to protect them from earthquakes.

Crystal structure of the Ce2Ni2Zn15 compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Opainich, I.M.; Pavlyuk, V.V.; Bodak, O.I.; Cherny, R.; Yvon, K.

1996-01-01

A structure of a new ternary compound of the composition Ce2Ni2Zn15 (sp.gr.R3-barm,a=0.9080(3) nm, c=1.3294(3) nm) was determined on single-crystal and powder specimens. The study was performed on a Philips PW1100 automatic diffractometer and a DRON-4.07 powder diffractometer. The Ce2Ni2Zn15 compound is crystallized in the Ce2Al2Co15 structure type with the aluminum positions being occupied by nickel and cobalt positions being occupied by zinc

Determination of the enthalpy of formation of Ni-Al intermetallic compounds using differential scanning calorimetry technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kubaski, Evaldo Toniolo; Capocchi, Jose Deodoro Trani; Cintho, Osvaldo Mitsuyuki

2010-01-01

The compositions Ni20Al80, Ni25Al75, Ni40Al60, Ni50Al50, Ni60Al40 and Ni75Al25 (at. %) were heated in a calibrated thermal analysis equipment. All runs were conducted at a heating rate of 10 deg C/min under a dynamic argon atmosphere. Each composition was heated until the completion of the corresponding exothermic reaction responsible for intermetallic compound formation, and, also heated to 1480 deg C. The products obtained were characterized using X ray diffraction in order to identify the intermetallic compounds that were synthesized. Moreover, the results were evaluated using variance analysis. As a result, enthalpies of formation of Ni 2 Al 3 and Ni 3 Al compounds were determined by means of this methodology. Experimental values were 167 kJ/mol and 93 kJ/mol for Ni 2 Al 3 and Ni 3 Al, respectively. The former is 18% lower than the value found on literature, while the latter is 6% greater. (author)

Nitride coating enhances endothelialization on biomedical NiTi shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ion, Raluca [University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest (Romania); Luculescu, Catalin [National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, P.O. Box MG-36, 077125 Magurele-Bucharest (Romania); Cimpean, Anisoara, E-mail: anisoara.cimpean@bio.unibuc.ro [University of Bucharest, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 91-95 Spl. Independentei, 050095 Bucharest (Romania); Marx, Philippe [AMF Company, Route de Quincy, 18120 Lury-sur-Arnon (France); Gordin, Doina-Margareta; Gloriant, Thierry [INSA Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR, 20 Avenue des Buttes de Coësmes, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7 (France)

2016-05-01

Surface nitriding was demonstrated to be an effective process for improving the biocompatibility of implantable devices. In this study, we investigated the benefits of nitriding the NiTi shape memory alloy for vascular stent applications. Results from cell experiments indicated that, compared to untreated NiTi, a superficial gas nitriding treatment enhanced the adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), cell spreading and proliferation. This investigation provides data to demonstrate the possibility of improving the rate of endothelialization on NiTi by means of nitride coating. - Highlights: • Gas nitriding process of NiTi is competent to promote cell spreading. • Surface nitriding of NiTi is able to stimulate focal adhesion formation and cell proliferation. • Similar expression pattern of vWf and eNOS was exhibited by bare and nitrided NiTi. • Gas nitriding treatment of NiTi shows promise for better in vivo endothelialization.

Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of Ni-Doped ZrCoSb Half-Heusler Compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Degang Zhao

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The Ni-doped ZrCo1−xNixSb half-Heusler compounds were prepared by arc-melting and spark plasma sintering technology. X-ray diffraction analysis results showed that all samples were crystallized in a half-Heusler phase. Thermoelectric properties of ZrCo1−xNixSb compounds were measured from room temperature to 850 K. The electrical conductivity and the absolute value of Seebeck coefficient increased with the Ni-doping content increasing due to the Ni substitution at Co. sites. The lattice thermal conductivity of ZrCo1−xNixSb samples was depressed dramatically because of the acoustic phonon scattering and point defect scattering. The figure of merit of ZrCo1−xNixSb compounds was improved due to the decreased thermal conductivity and improved power factor. The maximum ZT value of 0.24 was achieved for ZrCo0.92Ni0.08Sb sample at 850 K.

Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Single Crystal Wires with High Transformation Temperature

Science.gov (United States)

Hautcoeur, Alain; Fouché, Florian; Sicre, Jacques

2016-01-01

CN-250X is a new material with higher performance than Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy (SMA). For space mechanisms, the main disadvantage of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloy is the limited transformation temperature. The new CN-250X Nimesis alloy is a Cu-Al-Ni single crystal wire available in large quantity because of a new industrial process. The triggering of actuators made with this Cu-Al-Ni single crystal wire can range from ambient temperature to 200 C in cycling and even to 250 C in one-shot mode. Another advantage of CN-250X is a better shape recovery (8 to 10%) than Ni-Ti (6 to 7%). Nimesis is the first company able to produce this type of material with its new special industrial process. A characterization study is presented in this work, including the two main solicitation modes for this material: tensile and torsion. Different tests measure the shape recovery of Cu-Al-Ni single crystals wires during heating from room temperature to a temperature higher than temperature of end of martensitic transformation.

Enhanced photomechanical response of a Ni-Ti shape memory alloy coated with polymer-based photothermal composites

Science.gov (United States)

Perez-Zúñiga, M. G.; Sánchez-Arévalo, F. M.; Hernández-Cordero, J.

2017-10-01

A simple way to enhance the activation of shape memory effects with light in a Ni-Ti alloy is demonstrated. Using polydimethylsiloxane-carbon nanopowder (PDMS+CNP) composites as coatings, the one-way shape memory effect (OWSME) of the alloy can be triggered using low power IR light from a laser diode. The PDMS+CNP coatings serve as photothermal materials capable to absorb light, and subsequently generate and dissipate heat in a highly efficient manner, thereby reducing the optical powers required for triggering the OWSME in the Ni-Ti alloy. Experimental results with a cantilever flexural test using both, bare Ni-Ti and coated samples, show that the PDMS+CNP coatings perform as thermal boosters, and therefore the temperatures required for phase transformation in the alloy can be readily obtained with low laser powers. It is also shown that the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) can be set in the Ni-Ti alloy through cycling the TWSME by simply modulating the laser diode signal. This provides a simple means for training the material, yielding a light driven actuator capable to provide forces in the mN range. Hence, the use of photothermal coatings on Ni-Ti shape memory alloys may offer new possibilities for developing light-controlled smart actuators.

The ferromagnetic shape-memory effect in Ni-Mn-Ga

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Marioni, M.A.; O'Handley, R.C.; Allen, S.M.; Hall, S.R.; Paul, D.I.; Richard, M.L.; Feuchtwanger, J.; Peterson, B.W.; Chambers, J.M.; Techapiesancharoenkij, R.

2005-01-01

Active materials have long been used in the construction of sensors and devices. Examples are piezo-electric ceramics and shape memory alloys. The more recently developed ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys (FSMAs) have received considerable attention due to their large magnetic field-induced, reversible strains (up to 10%). In this article, we review the basic physical characteristics of the FSMA Ni-Mn-Ga (crystallography, thermal, mechanical and magnetic behavior). Also, we present some of the works currently under way in the areas of pulse-field and acoustic-assisted actuation, and vibration energy absorption

Additive Manufacturing of NiTiHf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Benafan, Othmane; Bigelow, Glen S.; Elahinia, Mohammad; Moghaddam, Narges Shayesteh; Amerinatanzi, Amirhesam; Saedi, Soheil; Toker, Guher Pelin; Karaca, Haluk

2017-01-01

Additive manufacturing of a NiTi-20Hf high temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) was investigated. A selective laser melting (SLM) process by Phenix3D Systems was used to develop components from NiTiHf powder (of approximately 25-75 m particle fractions), and the thermomechanical response was compared to the conventionally vacuum induction skull melted counterpart. Transformation temperatures of the SLM material were found to be slightly lower due to the additional oxygen pick up from the gas atomization and melting process. The shape memory response in compression was measured for stresses up to 500 MPa, and transformation strains were found to be very comparable (Up to 1.26 for the as-extruded; up to 1.52 for SLM).

Effect of NiO growth conditions on the bipolar resistance memory switching of Pt/NiO/SRO structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kurnia, F.; Hadiyawarman, H.; Jung, C. U.; Liu, C. L.; Lee, S. B.; Yang, S. M.; Park, H. W.; Song, S. J.; Hwang, C. S.

2010-01-01

We deposited NiO thin films with SrRuO 3 bottom electrodes on SrTiO 3 (001) substrates by using pulsed laser deposition. The growth temperature and the oxygen pressure were varied in order to obtain NiO films with different structural and electrical properties. We investigated the I-V characteristics of the Pt/NiO/SRO structures and observed a strong dependence of bipolar resistance switching on the growth conditions of the NiO thin films. Stable bipolar memory resistance switching was observed only in the devices with NiO films deposited at 400 .deg. C and 10 mTorr of O 2 . The off-state I-V curve of bipolar switching showed a linear fitting to the Schottky effect, indicating its origin in the NiO/SRO interface. Our results suggest that the growth conditions of NiO may affect the bipolar switching behavior through the film's resistance, the film's crystallinity, or the status of the grain boundaries.

Texture memory and strain-texture mapping in a NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye, B.; Majumdar, B. S.; Dutta, I.

2007-01-01

The authors report on the near-reversible strain hysteresis during thermal cycling of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy at a constant stress that is below the yield strength of the martensite. In situ neutron diffraction experiments are used to demonstrate that the strain hysteresis occurs due to a texture memory effect, where the martensite develops a texture when it is cooled under load from the austenite phase and is thereafter ''remembered.'' Further, the authors quantitatively relate the texture to the strain by developing a calculated strain-texture map or pole figure for the martensite phase, and indicate its applicability in other martensitic transformations

Study of hyperfine interactions in intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In; Estudo de interacoes hiperfinas em compostos intermetalicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lapolli, Andre Luis

2006-07-01

Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (B{sub hf}) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of B{sub hf} were carried out at the rare earth atom and in sites using the nuclear probes {sup 140}Ce and {sup 11}'1Cd respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from {sup 140}Ce probe as well as at in sites obtained from {sup 111}Cd probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin B{sub hf}(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to B{sub hf} comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of B{sub hf}(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with {sup 111}Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the {sup 111}Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdln and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature. (author)

Study of hyperfine interactions in intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In; Estudo de interacoes hiperfinas em compostos intermetalicos Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In, Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In e Ho(Ni,Pd)In

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lapolli, Andre Luis

2006-07-01

Systematic behavior of magnetic hyperfine field (B{sub hf}) in the intermetallic compounds Gd(Ni,Pd,Cu)In Tb(Ni,Pd)In, Dy(Ni,Pd)In and Ho(Ni,Pd)In was studied by Perturbed Gamma-Gamma Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The measurements of B{sub hf} were carried out at the rare earth atom and in sites using the nuclear probes {sup 140}Ce and {sup 11}'1Cd respectively. The variation of hyperfine field with temperature, in most cases, follows the Brillouin function predicted from the molecular field theory. The hyperfine field values at rare earth atom sites obtained from {sup 140}Ce probe as well as at in sites obtained from {sup 111}Cd probe for each series of compounds were extrapolated to zero Kelvin B{sub hf}(T=0) from these curves. These values were compared with the values of the literature for other compounds containing the same rare earth element and all of them show a linear relationship with the ordering temperature. This indicates that the main contribution to B{sub hf} comes from the conduction electron polarization (CEP) through Fermi contact interaction and the principal mechanism of magnetic interaction in these compounds can be described by the RKKY type interaction. The values of B{sub hf}(T=0) for each family of intermetallic compounds RNiIn and RPdIn when plotted as a function of 4f spin projection of rare earth element also shows a linear relationship. Exceptions are the results for the compounds RNiIn obtained with {sup 111}Cd probe where a small deviation from linearity is observed. The results of the measurements carried out with the {sup 111}Cd probe were also analyzed to obtain the hyperfine parameters of the quadrupole interaction as a function of temperature for RPdln and GdNiIn compounds. The results show that for the compound GdPdIn there might be some Gd-In disorder at high temperature. (author)

Explosive device of conduit using Ti Ni alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Yu. Kolobov

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Presently, materials have been developed which are capable at changing temperate to return significant inelastic deformations, exhibit rubber-like elasticity, convert heat into mechanical work, etc. The aggregate of these effects is usually called the shape memory effect.At present a great number of compounds and alloys with a shape memory effect has been known.These are alloys based on titanium nickelide (TiNi, copper-based alloys (Cu-Al, Cu-Sn, Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Si, etc., gold and silver (Ag-Cd, Au-Ag-Cd, Au-Cd-Cu, Au-Zn-Cu, etc., manganese (Mn-Cr, Fe-Cu, Mn-Cu-Ni, Mn-Cu-Zr, Mn-Ni, etc., iron (Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Al, etc., and other compounds.The alloys based on titanium nickelide (nitinol are the most widely used.Alloys with shape memory effect find various applications in engineering and medicine, namely connecting devices, actuators, transformable design, multipurpose medical implants, etc.There is a task of breaking fuel conduit during separating the spacecraft from the rocket in space technology.The paper examines the procedure for design calculation of the separating device of conduit with the use of Ti-Ni alloy. This device can be used instead of the pyro-knives.The device contains two semi-rings from Ti-Ni alloy. In the place of break on the conduit an annular radius groove is made.At a temperature of martensite passage the semi-rings undergo deformation and in the strained state are set in the device. With heating to the temperature of the austenitic passage of bushing macro-deformation the energy stored by the nitinol bushing is great enough to break the conduit on the neck.The procedures of design calculation and response time of device are given.

Magnetic domain structure and domain-wall energy in UFe8Ni2Si2 and UFe6Ni4Si2 intermetallic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wyslocki, J.J.; Suski, W.; Wochowski, K.

1994-01-01

Magnetic domain structures in the UFe 8 Ni 2 Si 2 and UFe 6 Ni 4 Si 2 compounds were studied using the powder pattern method. The domain structure observed is typical for uniaxial materials. The domain-wall energy density γ was determined from the average surface domain width D s observed on surfaces perpendicular to the easy axis as equal to 16 erg/cm 2 for UFe 8 Ni 2 Si 2 and 10 erg/cm 2 for UFe 6 Ni 4 Si 2 . Moreover, the critical diameter for single domain particle D c was calculated for the studied compounds

Preparation of NiFe binary alloy nanocrystals for nonvolatile memory applications

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2010-01-01

In this work,an idea which applies binary alloy nanocrystal floating gate to nonvolatile memory application was introduced.The relationship between binary alloy’s work function and its composition was discussed theoretically.A nanocrystal floating gate structure with NiFe nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 dielectric layers was fabricated by magnetron sputtering.The micro-structure and composition deviation of the prepared NiFe nanocrystals were also investigated by TEM and EDS.

Antiferromagnetic ordering of Er2NiSi3 compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pakhira, Santanu; Mazumdar, Chandan; Ranganathan, R.

2014-01-01

Ternary intermetallics of the stoichiometric composition R 2 TX 3 , where, R = rare earth element, T = d-electron transition metal and X= p-electron element, crystallizes in hexagonal A1B 2 type crystal structure with space group P6/mmm. We report here the synthesis and basic magnetic properties of the compound Er 2 NiSi 3 . Paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase change occurs below 5.4 K for this compound. (author)

Efficiency of Energy Harvesting in Ni-Mn-Ga Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Lindquist, Paul; Hobza, Tony; Patrick, Charles; Müllner, Peter

2018-03-01

Many researchers have reported on the voltage and power generated while energy harvesting using Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys; few researchers report on the power conversion efficiency of energy harvesting. We measured the magneto-mechanical behavior and energy harvesting of Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys to quantify the efficiency of energy harvesting using the inverse magneto-plastic effect. At low frequencies, less than 150 Hz, the power conversion efficiency is less than 0.1%. Power conversion efficiency increases with (i) increasing actuation frequency, (ii) increasing actuation stroke, and (iii) decreasing twinning stress. Extrapolating the results of low-frequency experiments to the kHz actuation regime yields a power conversion factor of about 20% for 3 kHz actuation frequency, 7% actuation strain, and 0.05 MPa twinning stress.

First-principles calculations of two cubic fluoropervskite compounds: RbFeF3 and RbNiF3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mubarak, A.A.; Al-Omari, Saleh

2015-01-01

We present first-principles calculations of the structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic and optical properties for RbFeF 3 and RbNiF 3 . The full-potential linear augmented plan wave (FP-LAPW) method within the density functional theory was utilized to perform the present calculations. We employed the generalized gradient approximation as exchange-correlation potential. It was found that the calculated analytical lattice parameters agree with previous studies. The analysis of elastic constants showed that the present compounds are elastically stable and anisotropic. Moreover, both compounds are classified as a ductile compound. The calculations of the band structure and density functional theory revealed that the RbFeF 3 compound has a half-metallic behavior while the RbNiF 3 compound has a semiconductor behavior with indirect (M–Γ) band gap. The ferromagnetic behavior was studied for both compounds. The optical properties were calculated for the radiation of up to 40 eV. A beneficial optics technology is predicted as revealed from the optical spectra. - Highlights: • RbFeF 3 and RbNiCl 3 compounds are elastically stable. • RbFeF 3 and RbNiCl 3 compounds are classified as a ductile compound. • The RbFeF 3 compound has a half-metallic behavior while the RbNiF 3 compound has a semiconductor behavior. • The optical properties were calculated for the radiation of up to 40 eV

Pitting Corrosion of Ni3(Si,Ti Intermetallic Compound at Various Chloride Concentrations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gadang Priyotomo

2013-10-01

Full Text Available The pitting corrosion of Ni3(Si,Ti intermetallic compound was investigated as function of chloride concentration by using electrochemical method and scanning electron microscope in sodium chloride solutions at 293 K.  In addition, the pitting corrosion of type C276 alloy was also studied under the same experimental condition for comparison.  The pitting potential obtained for the intermetallic compound decreased with increasing chloride concentration.  The specific pitting potential and pitting potential of Ni3(Si,Ti were lower than those of C276 alloy, which means that the pitting corrosion resistance of C276 alloy was higher than that of Ni3(Si,Ti.

DO22-(Cu,Ni)3Sn intermetallic compound nanolayer formed in Cu/Sn-nanolayer/Ni structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Lilin; Huang, Haiyou; Fu Ran; Liu Deming; Zhang Tongyi

2009-01-01

The present work conducts crystal characterization by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) on Cu/Sn-nanolayer/Ni sandwich structures associated with the use of Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The results show that DO 22 -(Cu,Ni) 3 Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) ordered structure is formed in the sandwich structures at the as-electrodeposited state. The formed DO 22 -(Cu,Ni) 3 Sn IMC is a homogeneous layer with a thickness about 10 nm. The DO 22 -(Cu,Ni) 3 Sn IMC nanolayer is stable during annealing at 250 deg. C for 810 min. The formation and stabilization of the metastable DO 22 -(Cu,Ni) 3 Sn IMC nanolayer are attributed to the less strain energy induced by lattice mismatch between the DO 22 IMC and fcc Cu crystals in comparison with that between the equilibrium DO 3 IMC and fcc Cu crystals.

Local atomic and crystal structure rearrangement during the martensitic transformation in Ti50Ni25Cu25 shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Menushenkov, Alexey; Grishina, Olga; Shelyakov, Alexander; Yaroslavtsev, Alexander; Zubavichus, Yan; Veligzhanin, Alexey; Bednarcik, Jozef; Chernikov, Roman; Sitnikov, Nikolay

2014-01-01

Highlights: • Local crystalline structure of TiNiCu SMA is investigated using EXAFS. • Peculiarities of Ni and Cu local environment are found. • Ti atoms show greater mobility relative to Ni atoms. • Ni local environment change is significant for shape memory effect. -- Abstract: The changes of crystal structure and local crystalline environment of Ti, Ni and Cu atoms in Ti 50 Ni 25 Cu 25 shape memory alloy are investigated using X-ray diffraction and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) in temperature range of martensite transformation. The analysis of the EXAFS-spectra shows that the bonds involving Ni atoms have the highest degree of disorder and the change in the local environment around Ni atoms is significant for the occurrence of the shape memory effect, while Cu atoms occupy the normal positions in the crystallographic structure and have the lowest displacement amplitude leading to the stabilization of both phases

Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in polycomponent TiNi-based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khachin, V.N.; Voronin, V.P.; Sivokha, V.P.; Pushin, V.G.

1995-01-01

The results of martesitic transformation (MT) and shape memory effect (SME) in quaternary Ti 50 (NiCoCu) 50 , Ti 50 (NiFeCu) 50 and (TiAl) 50 (NiCu) 50 alloys studies are generalized in this paper. On alloying TiNi simultaneously by two elements, their individual effect on MT and SME is conserved. Martensitic transformations B2→R and B2→B19' are almost simultaneously realizing in a binary TiNi. One can selectively control each of two MT channels by selecting property of alloying elements. As a result, the alloys having any sequences of MT and their realizations temperatures, including simultaneous realization of two MTs at low temperatures, which was not observed earlier, can be produced. (orig.)

Functional Properties of Porous Ti-48.0 at.% Ni Shape Memory Alloy Produced by Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis

Science.gov (United States)

Resnina, Natalia; Belyaev, Sergey; Voronkov, Andrew

2018-03-01

The functional behavior of the porous shape memory alloy produced by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis from the Ti-48.0 at.% Ni powder mixture was studied. It was found that a large unelastic strain recovered on unloading and it was not attributed to the pseudoelasticity effect. A decrease in deformation temperatures did not influence the value of strain that recovered on unloading, while the effective modulus decreased from 1.9 to 1.44 GPa. It was found that the porous Ti-48.0 at.% Ni alloy revealed the one-way shape memory effect, where the maximum recoverable strain was 5%. The porous Ti-48.0 at.% Ni alloy demonstrated the transformation plasticity and the shape memory effects on cooling and heating under a stress. An increase in stress did not influence the shape memory effect value, which was equal to 1%. It was shown that the functional properties of the porous alloy were determined by the TiNi phase consisted of the two volumes Ti49.3Ni50.7 and Ti50Ni50 where the martensitic transformation occurred at different temperatures. The results of the study showed that the existence of the Ti49.3Ni50.7 volumes in the porous Ti-48.0 at.% Ni alloy improved the functional properties of the alloy.

Sn buffered by shape memory effect of NiTi alloys as high-performance anodes for lithium ion batteries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu Renzong; Zhu Min; Wang Hui; Liu Jiangwen; Liuzhang Ouyang; Zou Jin

2012-01-01

By applying the shape memory effect of the NiTi alloys to buffer the Sn anodes, we demonstrate a simple approach to overcome a long-standing challenge of Sn anode in the applications of Li-ion batteries – the capacity decay. By supporting the Sn anodes with NiTi shape memory alloys, the large volume change of Sn anodes due to lithiation and delithiation can be effectively accommodated, based on the stress-induced martensitic transformation and superelastic recovery of the NiTi matrix respectively, which leads to a decrease in the internal stress and closing of cracks in Sn anodes. Accordingly, stable cycleability (630 mA h g −1 after 100 cycles at 0.7C) and excellent high-rate capabilities (478 mA h g −1 at 6.7C) were attained with the NiTi/Sn/NiTi film electrode. These shape memory alloys can also combine with other high-capacity metallic anodes, such as Si, Sb, Al, and improve their cycle performance.

A study on the shape memory characteristics of Ti-Ni50-x-Pdx alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, H. W.; Chun, B. S.; Oh, S. J.; Kuk, I.H.

1991-01-01

The shape memory characteristics in TiNi alloys are greatly effected by the alloy composition and heat treatment condition. The present work was aimed to investigate the effect of Pd x (x=5,10,15,20) addition on the shape memory chracteristics of TiNi alloys by means of electrical resistance measurement. X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry and electron dispersive analysis X-ray measurement. The results obtained from this study are as follows; 1. The martensitic transformation start temperature, Ms of Ti-Ni 50-x -Pd x alloys decreased considerably with the increase of Pd content up to 10at%, whereas increased largely with the increase of Pd content in the alloys with Pd content more than 15at%. 2. The Ms temperature of Ti-Ni 50-x -Pd x alloys with cold working was significantly lower than that of the fully annealed alloys because high density dislocation has been introduced by the cold working which suppressed the martensitic transformation. (Author)

Site determination of Ni atoms in Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys by electron channelling enhanced microanalysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakata, Yoshiyuki; Tadaki, Tsugio; Shimizu, Ken-ichi

1990-01-01

The crystallographic site of Ni atoms in the parent phase of differently heat-treated Cu-28.6Al-3.7Ni (at.%) shape memory alloys has been examined by electron channelling enhanced microanalysis (ALCHEMI) in order to clarify effects of heat-treatments on the Ni atom site and M s temperature. The heat-treatments were as follows: (a) Quenching into a 10% NaOH solution at 263 K, (b) Quenching into hot water at 363 K and (c) Aging at 523 K for 3.6 ks after treatment (b). The M s temperatures of specimens (a), (b) and (c) were 158, 185 and 259 K, respectively, increasing with lowering quenching rate or aging. ALCHEMI revealed that Ni atoms occupied an identical site in all the three kinds of specimens: The Ni atoms were located at the nearest neighbor sites around Al atoms. This preferential occupation of Ni atoms was attributed to the strong binding force between Ni and Al atoms. Thus, the change in M s temperature due to different heat-treatments was not directly related to the crystallographic site of Ni atoms, but might be caused by the ordering between the next nearest neighbor Cu and Al atoms. (author)

Elastic properties of LaSnxNi5-x compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yeheskel, O.; Nattrass, C.E.; Leisure, R.G.; Jacob, I.; Bowman, R.C. Jr.

2004-01-01

Ultrasonic methods were used to measure the room-temperature elastic moduli of polycrystalline LaSn x Ni 5-x compounds for 0≤x≤0.5. These materials are of great importance for their hydrogen storage properties. The samples, prepared by a hot isostatic pressing method, had near-theoretical densities with calculated porosities ranging from 0 to 1.5%. The porosity-corrected moduli decreased with increasing x. Poisson's ratio was approximately constant at 0.314 for all the compounds. The Debye temperature, calculated from the RT polycrystalline moduli, decreased from 359 to 344 K as x increased from 0 to 0.5. The results were used to calculate the elastic interaction energy of an interstitial hydrogen atom with the strain fields of all the other interstitial hydrogen. This energy was in turn used to calculate the critical temperature below which phase separation occurs in LaM x Ni 5-x H y compounds (M=Sn or Al). It was found that the critical temperature decreases with increasing x, confirming in a more general way a conclusion drawn for a specific case from earlier thermodynamic measurements. It is suggested that the lowering of the critical temperature plays a role in limiting the width of the plateaus in pressure-composition isotherms for the two-phase regions of these compounds. This suggestion implies a relation between the elastic properties and the maximum hydrogen capacity

Shape memory properties in NiTi alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Airoldi, G.; Vicentini, B.; Ranucci, T.; Rivolta, B.

1991-01-01

Mechanical properties of shape memory NiTi alloys are here examined in the frame of literature's results. The operating temperature respect to the intrinsic transformation temperatures explains thoroughly the different stress-strain behaviour, ascribed to different deformation mechanisms acting and to their interplay. Attention is moreover paid to the stress-strain behaviour consequent to a different physical state (martensite phase or parent phase), obtained within the hysteresis cycle, at the same temperature. Evidence of oriented variants, selected by the applied stress, is also given

The influence of the substrate on the adhesive strength of the micro-arc oxidation coating developed on TiNi shape memory alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Hsieh, Shy-Feng; Ou, Shih-Fu; Chou, Chia-Kai

2017-01-01

TiNi shape memory alloys (SMAs), used as long-term implant materials, have a disadvantage. Ni-ion release from the alloys may trigger allergies in the human body. Micro-arc oxidation has been utilized to modify the surface of the TiNi SMA for improving its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, there are very few reports investigating the essential adhesive strength between the micro-arc oxidized film and TiNi SMA. Two primary goals were attained by this study. First, Ti50Ni48.5Mo1.5 SMA having a phase transformation temperature (Af) less than body temperature and good shape recovery were prepared. Next, the Ti50Ni50 and Ti50Ni48.5Mo1.5 SMA surfaces were modified by micro-arc oxidation in phosphoric acid by applying relatively low voltages to maintain the adhesive strength. The results indicated that the pore size, film thickness, and P content increased with applied voltage. The micro-arc oxidized film, comprising Ti oxides, Ni oxide, and phosphate compounds, exhibited a glassy amorphous structure. The outmost surface of the micro-arc oxidized film contained a large amount of P (>12 at%) but only a trace of Ni (micro-arc oxidized films exceeded the requirements of ISO 13779. Furthermore, Mo addition into TiNi SMAs was found to be favorable for improving the adhesive strength of the micro-arc oxidized film.

Biocorrosion investigation of two shape memory nickel based alloys: Ni-Mn-Ga and thin film NiTi.

Science.gov (United States)

Stepan, L L; Levi, D S; Gans, E; Mohanchandra, K P; Ujihara, M; Carman, G P

2007-09-01

Thin film nitinol and single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga represent two new shape memory materials with potential to be used as percutaneously placed implant devices. However, the biocompatibility of these materials has not been adequately assessed. Immersion tests were conducted on both thin film nitinol and single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga in Hank's balanced salt solution at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. After 12 h, large pits were found on the Ni-Mn-Ga samples while thin film nitinol displayed no signs of corrosion. Further electrochemical tests on thin film nitinol samples revealed breakdown potentials superior to a mechanically polished nitinol disc. These results suggest that passivation or electropolishing of thin film nitinol maybe unnecessary to promote corrosion resistance.

Shape memory behavior of high strength NiTiHfPd polycrystalline alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karaca, H.E.; Acar, E.; Ded, G.S.; Basaran, B.; Tobe, H.; Noebe, R.D.; Bigelow, G.; Chumlyakov, Y.I.

2013-01-01

Systematic characterization of the shape memory properties of a quaternary Ni 45.3 –Ti 29.7 –Hf 20 –Pd 5 (at.%) polycrystalline alloy was performed in compression after selected aging treatments. Precipitation characteristics were revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The effects of aging temperature and time on transformation temperatures, recoverable and residual strains, and temperature and stress hystereses were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, constant-load thermal cycling experiments and isothermal strain cycling (superelasticity) tests. The crystal structure and lattice parameters of the transforming phases were determined from X-ray diffraction analysis. It was revealed that precipitation hardening significantly improved the shape memory properties of the NiTiHfPd alloy. Under optimum aging conditions, shape memory strains of up to 4% under 1 GPa were possible, and superelasticity experiments resulted in full strain recovery without any plastic deformation, even at stress levels as high as 2 GPa. The NiTiHfPd polycrystalline alloy exhibited very high damping capacity/absorbed energy (30–34 J cm −3 ) and work output (30–35 J cm −3 ), which were attributed to the ability to operate at high stress levels without significant plastic deformation and to a high mechanical hysteresis (>900 MPa) at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 80 °C

The response of macrophages to a Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Colić, Miodrag; Tomić, Sergej; Rudolf, Rebeka; Anzel, Ivan; Lojen, Gorazd

2010-09-01

Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been investigated as materials for medical devices, but little is known about their biocompatibility. The aim of this work was to study the response of rat peritoneal macrophages (PMØ) to a Cu-Al-Ni SMA in vitro, by measuring the functional activity of mitochondria, necrosis, apoptosis, and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Rapidly solidified (RS) thin ribbons were used for the tests. The control alloy was a permanent mold casting of the same composition, but without the shape memory effect. Our results showed that the control alloy was severely cytotoxic, whereas RS ribbons induced neither necrosis nor apoptosis of PMØ. These findings correlated with the data that RS ribbons are significantly more resistant to corrosion compared to the control alloy, as judged by the lesser release of Cu and Ni in the conditioning medium. However, the ribbons generated intracellular reactive oxygen species and upregulated the production of IL-6 by PMØ. These effects were almost completely abolished by conditioning the RS ribbons for 5 weeks. In conclusion, RS significantly improves the corrosion stability and biocompatibility of Cu-Al-Ni SMA. The biocompatibility of this functional material could be additionally enhanced by conditioning the ribbons in cell culture medium.

Formation of titanium oxide coatings on NiTi shape memory alloys by selective oxidation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pohl, M.; Glogowski, T.; Kuehn, S.; Hessing, C.; Unterumsberger, F.

2008-01-01

Materials used for medical devices that are in contact with human tissue must have good corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) are often used in medical applications due to their special functional and mechanical properties (shape memory effect, pseudo elasticity). Because of the high Ni content in nearly stoichiometric NiTi SMAs, the possibility of Ni being released needs to be considered as Ni may cause problems in the human body. SMAs exhibit a high intrinsic corrosion resistance because of the thermodynamic stability of Ni (thermodynamic reason) and the low degree of disorder in a thin protective TiO 2 -layer (kinetic reason). While therefore there is no need to be concerned too much about a normal corrosive attack in the human body, it has to be kept in mind that in medical applications, these materials represent one part of a tribological system where wear processes need to be considered. The formation of a uniform TiO 2 -layer can be beneficial in this respect. The selective oxidation of Ti to TiO 2 on the surface is a promising method to decrease the Ni release significantly. This can be achieved by controlling the partial pressure of oxygen during a controlled oxidation process. The atmosphere must be adjusted so that TiO 2 is stable while NiO cannot yet form. The result of a selective oxidation is a TiO 2 -layer that has an excellent degree of purity and represents a safe barrier against Ni emission

Surface microstructures and corrosion resistance of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Kun; Li, Yan; Huang, Xu; Gibson, Des; Zheng, Yang; Liu, Jiao; Sun, Lu; Fu, Yong Qing

2017-08-01

Ni-Ti-Nb and Ni-Ti shape memory thin films were sputter-deposited onto silicon substrates and annealed at 600 °C for crystallization. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that all of the annealed Ni-Ti-Nb films were composed of crystalline Ni-Ti (Nb) and Nb-rich grains. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests showed that the surfaces of Ni-Ti-Nb films were covered with Ti oxides, NiO and Nb2O5. The corrosion resistance of the Ni-Ti-Nb films in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated using electrochemical tests such as open-circuit potential (OCP) and potentio-dynamic polarization tests. Ni-Ti-Nb films showed higher OCPs, higher corrosion potentials (Ecorr) and lower corrosion current densities (icorr) than the binary Ni-Ti film, which indicated a better corrosion resistance. The reason may be that Nb additions modified the passive layer on the film surface. The OCPs of Ni-Ti-Nb films increased with further Nb additions, whereas no apparent difference of Ecorr and icorr was found among the Ni-Ti-Nb films.

Ti Ni shape memory alloy film-actuated microstructures for a MEMS probe card

Science.gov (United States)

Namazu, Takahiro; Tashiro, Youichi; Inoue, Shozo

2007-01-01

This paper describes the development of a novel silicon (Si) cantilever beam device actuated by titanium-nickel (Ti-Ni) shape memory alloy (SMA) films. A Ti-Ni SMA film can yield high work output per unit volume, so a Ti-Ni film-actuated Si cantilever beam device is a prospective tool for use as a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) probe card that provides a relatively large contact force between the probe and electrode pad in spite of its minute size. Before fabrication of the device, the thermomechanical deformation behavior of Ti-Ni SMA films with various compositions was investigated in order to determine a sufficient constituent film for a MEMS actuator. As a result, Ti-Ni films having a Ti content of 50.2 to 52.6 atomic% (at%) were found to be usable for operation as a room temperature actuator. We have developed a Ti-Ni film-actuated Si cantilever beam device, which can produce a contact force by the cantilever bending when in contact, and also by the shape memory effect (SME) of the Ti-Ni film arising from Joule heating. The SME of the Ti-Ni film can generate an additional average contact force of 200 µN with application of 500 mW to the film. In addition to physical contact, a dependable electric contact between the Au film-coated probe tip and the Al film electrode was achieved. However, the contact resistance exhibited an average value of 25 Ω, which would have to be reduced for practical use. Reliability tests confirmed the durability of the Ti-Ni film-actuated Si cantilever-beam, in that the contact resistance was constant throughout a large number of physical contacts (>104 times).

Formation of the distributed NiSiGe nanocrystals nonvolatile memory formed by rapidly annealing in N2 and O2 ambient

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, Chih-Wei; Chang, Ting-Chang; Tu, Chun-Hao; Chiang, Cheng-Neng; Lin, Chao-Cheng; Chen, Min-Chen; Chang, Chun-Yen; Sze, Simon M.; Tseng, Tseung-Yuen

2010-01-01

In this work, electrical characteristics of the Ge-incorporated Nickel silicide (NiSiGe) nanocrystals memory device formed by the rapidly thermal annealing in N 2 and O 2 ambient have been studied. The trapping layer was deposited by co-sputtering the NiSi 2 and Ge, simultaneously. Transmission electron microscope results indicate that the NiSiGe nanocrystals were formed obviously in both the samples. The memory devices show obvious charge-storage ability under capacitance-voltage measurement. However, it is found that the NiSiGe nanocrystals device formed by annealing in N 2 ambient has smaller memory window and better retention characteristics than in O 2 ambient. Then, related material analyses were used to confirm that the oxidized Ge elements affect the charge-storage sites and the electrical performance of the NCs memory.

Electronic structure, magnetic and transport properties of the Heusler shape memory alloy Mn{sub 2}NiGa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Blum, C.G.F. [Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg - University, Mainz (Germany); Institute of Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden (Germany); Ouardi, S.; Fecher, G.H.; Balke, B.; Felser, C. [Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg - University, Mainz (Germany); Wurmehl, S.; Buechner, B. [Institute of Solid State Research, IFW Dresden, D-01171 Dresden (Germany); Ueda, S.; Kobayashi, K. [NIMS Beamline Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan. (Germany)

2011-07-01

Magnetic shape memory based on Heusler compounds have received increasing interest, due their potential use for actuator and sensor applications. The single crystals Mn{sub 2}NiGa were grown by the optical floating zone method using a image furnace with vertical setup under a purified argon atmosphere. The both cubic (austenite) and tetragonal (martensite) phases of the sample were determined using temperature dependence powder x-ray diffraction XRD. The effect of martensitic transitions on the magnetic and transport properties of the compound was investigated by measuring the saturation magnetization, electrical resistivity {rho}(T), the Seebeck coefficient S(T) and magnetoresistance R{sub M}. All measurements detect clear signatures of the martensitic transition around room temperature with a thermal hysteresis up to 30 K. The electronic structures of the martensitic as well the austenitic phase were investigated using bulk-sensitive hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES).

Anodic Fabrication of Ti-Ni-O Nanotube Arrays on Shape Memory Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Qiang Liu

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Surface modification with oxide nanostructures is one of the efficient ways to improve physical or biomedical properties of shape memory alloys. This work reports a fabrication of highly ordered Ti-Ni-O nanotube arrays on Ti-Ni alloy substrates through pulse anodization in glycerol-based electrolytes. The effects of anodization parameters and the annealing process on the microstructures and surface morphology of Ti-Ni-O were studied using scanning electron microscope and Raman spectroscopy. The electrolyte type greatly affected the formation of nanotube arrays. A formation of anatase phase was found with the Ti-Ni-O nanotube arrays annealed at 450 °C. The oxide nanotubes could be crystallized to rutile phase after annealing treatment at 650 °C. The Ti-Ni-O nanotube arrays demonstrated an excellent thermal stability by keeping their nanotubular structures up to 650 °C.

NI Based System for Seu Testing of Memory Chips for Avionics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boruzdina Anna

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the results of implementation of National Instrument based system for Single Event Upset testing of memory chips into neutron generator experimental facility, which used for SEU tests for avionics purposes. Basic SEU testing algorithm with error correction and constant errors detection is presented. The issues of radiation shielding of NI based system are discussed and solved. The examples of experimental results show the applicability of the presented system for SEU memory testing under neutrons influence.

Precipitation Strengthenable NiTiPd High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Bigelow, Glen; Garg, Anita; Benafan, Othmane; Noebe, Ronald; Gaydosh, Darrell; Padula, Santo, II

2017-01-01

In binary NiTi alloys, it has long been known that Ni-rich alloys can be heat treated to produce precipitates which both strengthen the matrix against dislocations and improve the behavior of the material under thermal and mechanical cycling. Within recent years, the same effect has been observed in Ni-rich NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloys and heat treatment regimens have been defined which will reliably produce improved properties. In NiTiPd alloys, precipitation has also been observed, but studies are still underway to define reliable heat treatments and compositions which will provide a balance of strengthening and good thermomechanical properties. For this study, a series of NiTi-32 at.Pd alloys was produced to determine the effect of changing nickeltitanium content on the transformation behavior and heat treatability of the material. Samples were aged at temperatures between 350C and 450C for times up to 100 hours. Actuation type behavior was evaluated using uniaxial constant force thermal cycling (UCFTC) to determine the effect of composition and aging on the material behavior. TEMSEM was used to evaluate the microstructure and determine the types of precipitates formed. The correlation between composition, heat treat, microstructure, and thermomechanical behavior will be addressed and discussed.

Structure and properties of nitrided surface layer produced on NiTi shape memory alloy by low temperature plasma nitriding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Czarnowska, Elżbieta; Borowski, Tomasz; Sowińska, Agnieszka; Lelątko, Józef; Oleksiak, Justyna; Kamiński, Janusz; Tarnowski, Michał; Wierzchoń, Tadeusz

2015-01-01

Highlights: • Low temperature plasma nitriding process of NiTi shape memory alloy is presented. • The possibility of treatment details of sophisticated shape. • TiN surface layer has diffusive character. • TiN surface layer increases corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy. • Produced TiN layer modify the biological properties of NiTi alloy. - Abstract: NiTi shape memory alloys are used for bone and cardiological implants. However, on account of the metallosis effect, i.e. the release of the alloy elements into surrounding tissues, they are subjected to various surface treatment processes in order to improve their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility without influencing the required shape memory properties. In this paper, the microstructure, topography and morphology of TiN surface layer on NiTi alloy, and corrosion resistance, both before and after nitriding in low-temperature plasma at 290 °C, are presented. Examinations with the use of the potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were carried out and show an increase of corrosion resistance in Ringer's solution after glow-discharge nitriding. This surface titanium nitride layer also improved the adhesion of platelets and the proliferation of osteoblasts, which was investigated in in vitro experiments with human cells. Experimental data revealed that nitriding NiTi shape memory alloy under low-temperature plasma improves its properties for bone implant applications

Structure and properties of nitrided surface layer produced on NiTi shape memory alloy by low temperature plasma nitriding

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Czarnowska, Elżbieta [Children' s Memorial Health Institute, Pathology Department, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw (Poland); Borowski, Tomasz [Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw (Poland); Sowińska, Agnieszka [Children' s Memorial Health Institute, Pathology Department, Al. Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw (Poland); Lelątko, Józef [Silesia University, Faculty of Computer Science and Materials Science, 75 Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzów (Poland); Oleksiak, Justyna; Kamiński, Janusz; Tarnowski, Michał [Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw (Poland); Wierzchoń, Tadeusz, E-mail: twierz@inmat.pw.edu.pl [Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw (Poland)

2015-04-15

Highlights: • Low temperature plasma nitriding process of NiTi shape memory alloy is presented. • The possibility of treatment details of sophisticated shape. • TiN surface layer has diffusive character. • TiN surface layer increases corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy. • Produced TiN layer modify the biological properties of NiTi alloy. - Abstract: NiTi shape memory alloys are used for bone and cardiological implants. However, on account of the metallosis effect, i.e. the release of the alloy elements into surrounding tissues, they are subjected to various surface treatment processes in order to improve their corrosion resistance and biocompatibility without influencing the required shape memory properties. In this paper, the microstructure, topography and morphology of TiN surface layer on NiTi alloy, and corrosion resistance, both before and after nitriding in low-temperature plasma at 290 °C, are presented. Examinations with the use of the potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were carried out and show an increase of corrosion resistance in Ringer's solution after glow-discharge nitriding. This surface titanium nitride layer also improved the adhesion of platelets and the proliferation of osteoblasts, which was investigated in in vitro experiments with human cells. Experimental data revealed that nitriding NiTi shape memory alloy under low-temperature plasma improves its properties for bone implant applications.

Interfacial reaction of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} intermetallic compound in Ni/SnAg solder/Ni system under thermomigration

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Yi-Shan; Yang, Chia-Jung; Ouyang, Fan-Yi, E-mail: fyouyang@ess.nthu.edu.tw

2016-07-25

The growth of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} intermetallic compound (IMC) between liquid–solid interface in micro-scale Ni/SnAg/Ni system was investigated under a temperature gradient of 160 °C/cm at 260 °C on a hot plate. In contrast to a symmetrical growth of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} on both interfaces under isothermally annealed at 260 °C, the interfacial Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} IMC exhibited asymmetric growth under a temperature gradient; the growth of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} at cold interface was faster than that at hot side because of temperature gradient induced mass migration of Ni atoms from the hot end toward the cold end. It was found that two-stage growth behavior of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} IMC under a temperature gradient. A growth model was established and growth kinetic analysis suggested that the chemical potential gradient controlled the growth of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} at stage I (0–120 min) whereas the dynamic equilibrium between chemical potential gradient and temperature gradient forces was attained at the hot end at stage II (120–210 min). When dynamic equilibrium was achieved at 260 °C, the critical length-temperature gradient product at the hot end was experimentally estimated to be 489.18 μm × °C/cm and the moving velocity of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} interface due to Ni consumption was calculated to be 0.134 μm/h. The molar heat of transport (Q*) of Ni atoms in molten SnAg solder was calculated to be +0.76 kJ/mol. - Highlights: • Interfacial reaction in Ni/SnAg solder/Ni system under thermal gradient. • Growth rate of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} at cold end is faster than that at hot end. • Critical length-temperature gradient product at hot end is 489.2 μm°C/cm at 260 °C. • Velocity of Ni{sub 3}Sn{sub 4} moving interface is 0.134 μm/h during dynamic equilibrium. • Molar heat of transport (Q*) of Ni in molten SnAg was +0.76 kJ/mol.

Magnetic properties of two new compounds: Pr2Ni3Si5 and Ho2Ni3Si5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazumdar, C.; Padalia, B.D.; Godart, C.

1994-01-01

Formation of two more new materials, Pr 2 Ni 3 Si 5 and Ho 2 Ni 3 Si 5 , of the series, R 2 Ni 3 Si 5 (R = rare earth and Y) and their magnetic properties are reported here. These materials crystallize in the orthorhombic U 2 Co 3 Si 5 -type structure (space group Ibam). Magnetic susceptibility measurement in the temperature range 5 K--300 K show that the compound Pr 2 Ni 3 Si 5 order antiferromagnetically at T N ∼ 8.5 K and Ho 2 Ni 3 Si 5 at ∼ 6 K. Considering T N (Gd 2 Ni 3 Si 5 ) ∼ 15 K, T N (Pr 2 Ni 3 Si 5 ) ∼ 8.5 K is rather high. The magnetic susceptibility of both of the materials, in the paramagnetic state, follows a Curie-Weiss law with effective moment close to that of the corresponding free trivalent rare earth ion

Review on structural fatigue of NiTi shape memory alloys: Pure mechanical and thermo-mechanical ones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guozheng Kang

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Structural fatigue of NiTi shape memory alloys is a key issue that should be solved in order to promote their engineering applications and utilize their unique shape memory effect and super-elasticity more sufficiently. In this paper, the latest progresses made in experimental and theoretical analyses for the structural fatigue features of NiTi shape memory alloys are reviewed. First, macroscopic experimental observations to the pure mechanical and thermo-mechanical fatigue features of the alloys are summarized; then the state-of-arts in the mechanism analysis of fatigue rupture are addressed; further, advances in the construction of fatigue failure models are provided; finally, summary and future topics are outlined.

Powder-metallurgy preparation of NiTi shape-memory alloy using mechanical alloying and spark-plasma sintering.

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novák, P.; Moravec, H.; Vojtěch, V.; Knaislová, A.; Školáková, A.; Kubatík, Tomáš František; Kopeček, Jaromír

2017-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 1 (2017), s. 141-144 ISSN 1580-2949 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA14-03044S Institutional support: RVO:61389021 ; RVO:68378271 Keywords : mechanical alloying * spark plasma sintering * NiTi * shape memory alloy Subject RIV: JG - Metallurgy; JG - Metallurgy (FZU-D) OBOR OECD: Materials engineering ; Materials engineering (FZU-D) Impact factor: 0.436, year: 2016 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313900224_Powder-metallurgy_preparation_of_NiTi_shape-memory_alloy_using_mechanical_alloying_and_spark-plasma_sintering

Effect of Manganese on Microstructures and Solidification Modes of Cast Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Huabei; Wen, Yuhua; Du, Yangyang; Yu, Qinxu; Yang, Qin

2013-10-01

We investigated microstructures and solidification modes of cast Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni shape memory alloys to clarify whether Mn was an austenite former during solidification. Furthermore, we examined whether the Creq/Nieq equations (Delong, Hull, Hammer and WRC-1992 equations) and Thermo-Calc software® together with database TCFE6 were valid to predict the solidification modes of cast Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni shape memory alloys. The results have shown that the solidification modes of Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni alloys changed from the F mode to the FA mode with increasing the Mn concentration. Mn is an austenite former during the solidification for the cast Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloys. The Delong, Hull, Hammer, and WRC-1992 equations as well as Thermo-Calc software® together with database TCFE6 are invalid to predict the solidification modes of cast Fe-(13-27)Mn-5.5Si-8.5Cr-5Ni SMAs. To predict the solidification modes of cast Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni alloys, a new Creq/Nieq equation should be developed or the thermodynamic database of Thermo-Calc software® should be corrected.

Sodium borohydride hydrolysis in the presence of intermetallic compound LaNi5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Korobov, I.I.; Mozgina, N.G.

1992-01-01

Kinetics of catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride in the 1 mol/l solution of caustic sodium within the range of 298-318 K in presence of LaNi 5 intermetallic compound is studied. It is established that the reaction has zero order by NaBH 4 and the first one by LaNi 5 . The apparent activation energy of NaBH 4 catalytic hydrolysis in presence of LaNi 5 , calculated on the basis of temperature dependence of reaction velocity, is constant within the temperature range under investigation and constitutes 56$+-$1.5 kJ/mol. Recombination of surface hydrogen on LaNi 5 in molecular one is limiting stage determining NaBH 4 hydrolysis rate

Reactive Stresses in Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 Shape-Memory-Alloy Single Crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Averkin, A. I.; Krymov, V. M.; Guzilova, L. I.; Timashov, R. B.; Soldatov, A. V.; Nikolaev, V. I.

2018-03-01

The reactive stresses induced in Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6-alloy single crystals during martensitic transformations with a limited possibility of shape-memory-strain recovery have been experimentally studied. The data on these crystals are compared with the results obtained previously for Cu-Al-Ni, Ni-Ti, and Ni‒Fe-Ga crystals. The potential of application of the Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 single crystals in designing drives and power motors is demonstrated.

Surface treatment of NiTi shape memory alloy by modified advanced oxidation process

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

CHU Cheng-lin; WANG Ru-meng; YIN Li-hong; PU Yue-pu; DONG Yin-sheng; GUO Chao; SHENG Xiao-bo; LIN Ping-hua; CHU Paul-K

2009-01-01

A modified advanced oxidation process(AOP) utilizing a UV/electrochemically-generated peroxide system was used to fabricate titania films on chemically polished NiTi shape memory alloy(SMA). The microstructure and biomedical properties of the film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPMS), hemolysis analysis, and blood platelet adhesion test. It is found that the modified AOP has a high processing effectiveness and can result in the formation of a dense titania film with a Ni-free zone near its top surface. In comparison, Ni can still be detected on the outer NiTi surface by the conventional AOP using the UV/H2O2 system. The depth profiles of O, Ni, Ti show that the film possesses a smooth graded interface structure next to the NiTi substrate and this structure enhances the mechanical stability of titania film. The titania film can dramatically reduce toxic Ni ion release and also improve the hemolysis resistance and thromboresistance of biomedical NiTi SMA.

Ageing effects in a Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Daříček, Tomáš; Lašek, Jiří; Zárubová, Niva; Novák, Václav; Bartuška, Pavel

2001-01-01

Roč. 11, - (2001), s. Pr8-179-Pr8-184 ISSN 1155-4339 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA1010909; GA AV ČR IAA1010817 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : Cu-Al-Ni alloy * shape memory * martensitic transformation * resistometry Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.401, year: 2001

Tribological characteristics of ceramic conversion treated NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ju, X; Dong, H

2007-01-01

NiTi shape memory alloys are very attractive for medical implants and devices (such as orthopaedic and orthodontic implants) and various actuators. However, wear is a major concern for such applications and a novel surface engineering process, ceramic conversion treatment, has recently been developed to address this problem. In this study, the tribological characteristics of ceramic conversion treated NiTi alloy have been systematically investigated under dry unidirectional wear, reciprocating-corrosion wear and fretting-corrosion wear condition. Based on the experimental results, the wear behaviour under different conditions is compared and wear mechanisms involved are discussed

Tribological characteristics of ceramic conversion treated NiTi shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ju, X; Dong, H [Department of Metallurgy and Materials, School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT (United Kingdom)

2007-09-21

NiTi shape memory alloys are very attractive for medical implants and devices (such as orthopaedic and orthodontic implants) and various actuators. However, wear is a major concern for such applications and a novel surface engineering process, ceramic conversion treatment, has recently been developed to address this problem. In this study, the tribological characteristics of ceramic conversion treated NiTi alloy have been systematically investigated under dry unidirectional wear, reciprocating-corrosion wear and fretting-corrosion wear condition. Based on the experimental results, the wear behaviour under different conditions is compared and wear mechanisms involved are discussed.

DO{sub 22}-(Cu,Ni){sub 3}Sn intermetallic compound nanolayer formed in Cu/Sn-nanolayer/Ni structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu Lilin [School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275 (China); Huang, Haiyou [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) (Hong Kong); Hong Kong - Beijing Joint Research Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, Nansha, Guangzhou (China); Fu Ran; Liu Deming [ASM Assembly Automation Ltd. (Hong Kong); Zhang Tongyi, E-mail: mezhangt@ust.h [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) (Hong Kong); Hong Kong - Beijing Joint Research Center, HKUST Fok Ying Tung Graduate School, Nansha, Guangzhou (China)

2009-11-03

The present work conducts crystal characterization by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) on Cu/Sn-nanolayer/Ni sandwich structures associated with the use of Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The results show that DO{sub 22}-(Cu,Ni){sub 3}Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) ordered structure is formed in the sandwich structures at the as-electrodeposited state. The formed DO{sub 22}-(Cu,Ni){sub 3}Sn IMC is a homogeneous layer with a thickness about 10 nm. The DO{sub 22}-(Cu,Ni){sub 3}Sn IMC nanolayer is stable during annealing at 250 deg. C for 810 min. The formation and stabilization of the metastable DO{sub 22}-(Cu,Ni){sub 3}Sn IMC nanolayer are attributed to the less strain energy induced by lattice mismatch between the DO{sub 22} IMC and fcc Cu crystals in comparison with that between the equilibrium DO{sub 3} IMC and fcc Cu crystals.

The effect of applied stress on the shape memory behavior of TiNi-based alloys with different consequences of martensitic transformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meisner, L.L.; Sivokha, V.P.

2004-01-01

The development of plastic deformation and shape memory behavior of the Ti 49.5 Ni 50.5 , Ti 50 Ni 34 Pt 16 , Ti 50 Ni 39,25 Cu 10 Fe 0,75 alloys are studied. The alloys differ by consequences of martensitic transformations (MT). It is found that the behavior of both accumulated and returned strain components exhibit some features in the alloys under consideration. The strain-temperature diagrams of the Ti 49.5 Ni 50.5 alloy with the B2↔B19' MT are of the one-step form. There are three stages on the strain-stress curves of this alloy depending on value of the applied mechanical torque. The regularity of plastic behavior of the Ti 50 Ni 34 Pt 16 alloy with the B2↔B19 transformation is similar to that of the Ti 49.5 Ni 50.5 alloy. The strain-stress diagram has three stages. However, there is a significant difference in the shape memory behavior of this alloy. The shape-memory behavior of the Ti 50 Ni 39,25 Cu 10 Fe 0,75 alloy corresponds to the two-stage nature of its B2↔B19↔B19' MT. The deformation mechanisms for these stages have their features in contrast to those of the foregoing alloys. The strain and temperature parameters of the shape memory effect and plastic behavior of the TiNi-based alloys are also examined

Martensitic transformation behavior and shape memory properties of Ti-Ni-Pt melt-spun ribbons

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inamura, Tomonari; Takahashi, Yohei; Hosoda, Hideki; Wakashima, Kenji; Nagase, Takeshi; Nakano, Takayoshi; Umakoshi, Yukichi; Miyazaki, Shuichi

2006-01-01

Martensitic transformation behavior and shape memory properties of a Ti 50 Ni 40 Pt 10 (TiNiPt) melt-spun ribbon fabricated by a single roll melt-spinning technique were characterized. The constituent phases of the as-spun ribbon were B2 (parent phase) and B19 (martensite phase) at room temperature. The B2-B19 martensitic transformation temperatures of the as-spun ribbon were 100K higher than those of the bulk-material with the same chemical composition. The martensitic transformation temperatures of the as-spun ribbon were decreased with increasing the temperature of the heat-treatment made after the melt-spinning. The as-spun ribbon and the heat-treated ribbons exhibited shape recovery by heating and/or pseudoelasticity. The martensitic transformation temperatures determined from the temperature dependence of the 0.2% flow stress of the pseudoelastic deformation were in good agreement with those of B2-B19 martensitic transformation determined by DSC. It was confirmed that the observed shape recovery and pseudoelasticity are shape memory effect and superelasticity due to the B2-B19 martensitic transformation. Shape memory effect and superelasticity of melt-spun TiNiPt alloy were found to appear at higher temperatures compared to those of Bulk-material with the same composition. (author)

Fracture behaviour of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys obtained by powder metallurgy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodriguez, P. P.; Perez-Saez, R. B.; Recarte, V.; San Juan, J.M.; Ruano, O. A.; No, M. L.

2001-01-01

Polycrystalline Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys have been scarcely employed for technological applications due to their high brittleness. The development of a new elaboration technique based on powder metallurgy has recently overcome this problem, through the improvement of the ductility of the produced alloys without affecting its shape memory properties. The fracture behaviour of an alloy obtained using the elaboration technique has been studied by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy and mechanical testing. The results show a ductile fracture with a maximum strain close to 13%, which is the best fracture behaviour obtained for Cu-Al-Ni polycrystals. The microstructure of such alloys ha been studied by means of Transmission Electron Microscopy, showing a poligonyzed structure in which martensite plated passing through the subboundaries easily. (Author) 19 refs

Effect of precipitation on the shape memory effect of Ti50Ni25Cu25 melt-spun ribbon

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tong Yunxiang; Liu Yong; Xie Zeliang; Zarinejad, Mehrdad

2008-01-01

The present research aims to provide accurate understanding of the relation between precipitation (volume fraction, morphology, type) and shape memory effect of Ti 50 Ni 25 Cu 25 melt-spun ribbon. Rapid thermal annealing was used to control the microstructural development while the shape memory effect of the ribbon was determined under constraint thermal cycling. The results show that the precipitation process takes the following sequence: B11 TiCu → B11 TiCu + Ti 2 (Ni, Cu) → Ti 2 (Ni, Cu) with increasing annealing temperature or duration. The shape memory effect is found to depend on both the volume fraction and the distribution of the precipitates. The former affects the shape recovery strain through reduction of the transformation volume participating the shape recovery. The latter affects the shape recovery strain through strengthening the matrix thus reducing the martensite strain which is more predominant under low constraint stresses. Precipitation strengthening, on the other hand, reduces the tendency of dislocation generation/movement, thus reducing the irreversible strain and improving shape recovery strain. This understanding provides guidelines on the optimization of the shape memory properties of the Ti 50 Ni 25 Cu 25 melt-spun ribbon via post-processing annealing

On the widths of the hysteresis of mechanically and thermally induced martensitic transformations in Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jaeger, Stefanie; Maass, Burkhard; Frenzel, Jan; Schmidt, Marvin; Ullrich, Johannes; Seelecke, Stefan; Schuetze, Andreas; Kastner, Oliver; Eggeler, Gunther [Bochum Univ. (Germany). Inst. fuer Werkstoffe

2015-10-15

It is well known that a good crystallographic compatibility between austenite and martensite in Ni-Ti-based shape memory alloys results in narrow thermal hystereses (e.g. Ball and James, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 1987). The present work suggests that a good crystallographic fit is moreover associated with a small mechanical hysteresis width, observed during a forward and reverse stress-induced transformation. Furthermore, shape memory alloys with a good crystallographic fit show smaller transformation strains. The results obtained in the present study suggest that these correlations are generic and apply to binary Ni-Ti (with varying Ni contents) and quaternary Ni-Ti-Cu-X (X = Cr, Fe, V) alloys. For binary Ni-Ti, it was observed that Ni-rich compositions (good lattice fit) show a lower accumulation of irreversible strains during pseudoelastic cycling.

Thermomechanical behavior of Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paula, A.S.; Mahesh, K.K.; Santos, C.M.L. dos; Braz Fernandes, F.M.; Costa Viana, C.S. da

2008-01-01

Phase transformations associated with shape memory effect in nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloys can be one-stage, B19' (martensite) ↔ B2 (austenite), two-stage including an intermediate R-phase stage, or multiple-stage depending on the thermal and/or mechanical history of the alloy. In the present paper, we highlight the effect of (i) deformation by cold-rolling (from 10% to 40% thickness reduction) and (ii) final annealing on the transformation characteristics of a Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy. For this purpose, one set of samples initially heat treated at 773 K followed by cold-rolling (10-40% thickness reduction), has been further heat treated at various temperatures between 673 and 1073 K. Another sample was subjected to heat treatment at 1040 K for 300 s followed by hot rolling (50%) after cooling in air to 773 K and water quenching to room temperature (T room ). Phase transformations were studied using differential scanning calorimetry, electrical resistivity measurements and in situ X-ray diffraction. A specific pattern of transformation sequences is found as a result of combination of the competing effects due to mechanical-working and annealing

Observation of martensitic structure evolution in Cu-Al-Ni single crystals with shape memory effect under external load using photoacoustic microscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Muratikov, K.L.; Glazov, A.L.; Nikolaev, V.I.; Pul'nev, S.A.

2006-01-01

Photoacoustic microscopy is applied to observe the surface structure of Cu-Al-Ni shape-memory single crystals in both the loaded and unloaded states. Visualizing the early stages of the loading-induced martensitic transformation in Cu-Al-Ni single crystals is demonstrated to be feasible. The photoacoustic images are distinguished to advantage from the corresponding optical images by a higher contrast between different phases of the Cu-Al-Ni shape-memory alloy [ru

The pressure effect on magnetic properties of YNi5, LaNi5 i CeNi5 compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grechnev, G.E.; Logosha, A.V.; Panfilov, A.S.; Kuchin, A.G.; Vasil'ev, A.N.

2012-01-01

The pressure effect on electronic structure and magnetic properties of YNi 5 , LaNi 5 and CeNi 5 compounds is studied. For these systems high values of the magneto volume effect for magnetic susceptibility χ , d lnχ / d lnV ∼ 4-7, are obtained at low temperatures. The experimental data and ab initio calculated results of electronic structure and paramagnetic contributions to susceptibility indicate a close proximity of YNi 5 , LaNi 5 and CeNi 5 to the quantum critical point. It is found that in these exchange-enhanced itinerant paramagnets the orbital Van Vleck contribution to susceptibility amounts to 15-20% and should be taken into account for description of experimental χ and d ln V / d lnV values. The calculated spin and orbital paramagnetic moments, induced by an external magnetic field for atoms in the YNi 5 unit cell, demonstrate a nonuniform distribution of magnetization density and nontrivial competition between spin and orbital moments.

Pressure dependence of the Curie temperature in the Kondo lattice compound YbNiSn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sparn, G; Thompson, J D [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Hamzic, A [Dept. of Physics, Zagreb (Yugoslavia)

1992-04-03

We have measured the magnetic susceptibility (2 K < T < 300 K) and the electrical resistivity under pressure (1.2 K < T < 300 K; p < 20 kbar) of the Kondo lattice compound YbNiSn, which may be considered as the ''hole'' analogue of the isostructural compound CeNiSn. In contrast with CeNiSn, YbNiSn does not show an energy gap at low temperatures but instead undergoes a magnetic phase transition at T{sub M} = 5.5 K. The magnetic state might be either a weakly ferromagnetic or a complex antiferromagnetic state. By applying pressure the room temperature resistance {rho}{sub RT} decreases, while T{sub M} increases. This behavior can be interpreted with respect to Doniach's Kondo necklace model as a decrease in the local exchange coupling constant J with increasing pressure, which reduces Kondo spin compensation and favors long-range magnetic order. These results show that the idea that YbNiSn is the hole counterpart to CeNiSn holds well for the properties such as dT{sub M}/dP and d{rho}{sub RT}/dP but that it fails in more detailed aspects, such as the origin of the energy gap formation. (orig.).

The effect of hafnium content on the transformation temperatures of Ni49Ti51-xHfx shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Angst, D.R.; Thoma, P.E.; Kao, M.Y.

1995-01-01

Ternary alloys of NiTiHf, having higher transformation temperatures than binary NiTi shape memory alloys, have been produced and analyzed. Beginning with a base composition of Ni 49 Ti 51 , Hf was substituted for Ti up to 30 atomic percent. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to determine the transformation temperatures of the as-cast alloys. The peak martensite temperature of the Ni 49 Ti 51 alloy was 69 C and increased to 525 C for the Ni 49 Ti 21 Hf 30 alloy. The peak austenite temperature of the Ni 49 Ti 51 alloy was 114 C and increased to 622 C for the Ni 49 Ti 21 Hf 30 alloy. An apparent minimum in the peak transformation temperatures occurred between 0 and 3 atomic percent Hf. Preliminary experiments were also conducted to determine the effect of thermomechanical processing on the shape memory properties of the Ni 49 Ti 41 Hf 10 . Data are presented on the effect of cold work and heat treatment on the transformation temperatures of this alloy. (orig.)

High frequency and magnetoelectrical properties of magnetoresistive memory element based on FeCoNi/TiN/FeCoNi film

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kurlyandskaya, G. V.

2000-08-01

Full Text Available A miniaturised memory device for information recording and readout processes have been designed on the basis of anisotropic magnetoresistive effect in Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å/ TiN(50Å/Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å three-layered film done by rf diode sputtering. Stable recording and readout processes were available for 32 rectangular element column, where each element had μm dimensions convenient to fabricate memory chip with 106 bits capacity. Rectangles of different sizes with removed corners were used in order to define the geometry of most of all stable recording and readout processes. Magnetoresistance and magnetoimpedance effects of a magnetic memory device have been comparatively analysed. We suggest that the decrease of the absolute value of the magnetoimpedance of the memory device comes from the reduction of the real part via the magnetoresistance.

Se ha diseñado un dispositivo de memoria para la grabación y lectura de información basado en el efecto de la anisotropía magnetorresistiva de una multicapa fabricada por sputtering mediante diodo de rf. El elemento de memoria se compone de tres películas delgadas, de composición Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å/ TiN(50Å/Fe15Co20Ni65(160Å. El dispositivo permite procesos de grabación y lectura estables, y se compone de 32 elementos de memoria rectangulares por columna, donde cada elemento tiene dimensiones de μm lo que permite la fabricación de memorias integradas con capacidades del orden de 106 bits. Se han ensayado elementos de memoria rectangulares de diferentes tamaños, con las esquinas redondeadas con objeto de conseguir procesos de lectura-escritura lo más estable posible. Se han analizado comparativamente los efectos de magnetorresistencia y magnetoimpedancia de los elementos de memoria de diferentes dimensiones. Sugerimos que la disminución del valor absoluto de la magnetoimpedancia del elemento de memoria es consecuencia de la reducción de la parte real, de origen magnetorresistivo.

Effects of Stoichiometry on Transformation Temperatures and Actuator-Type Performance of NiTiPd and NiTiPdX High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Bigelow, Glen S.; Gaydosh, Darrell; Garg, Anita; Padula, Santo A., II; Noebe, Ronald D.

2007-01-01

High-temperature shape memory NiTiPd and NiTiPdX (X=Au, Pt, Hf) alloys were produced with titanium equivalent (Ti+Hf) compositions of 50.5, 50.0, 49.5, and 49.0 at.%. Thermo-mechanical testing in compression was used to evaluate the transformation temperatures, transformation strain, work output, and permanent deformation behavior of each alloy to study the effects of quaternary alloying and stoichiometry on high-temperature shape memory alloy behavior. Microstructural evaluation showed the presence of second phases for all alloy compositions. No load transformation temperatures in the stoichiometric alloys were relatively unchanged by Au and Pt substitutions, while the substitution of Hf for Ti causes a drop in transformation temperatures. The NiTiPd, NiTiPdAu and NiTiPdHf alloys exhibited transformation temperatures that were highest in the Ti-rich compositions, slightly lower at stoichiometry, and significantly reduced when the Ti equivalent composition was less than 50 at.%. For the NiTiPdPt alloy, transformation temperatures were highest for the Ti-rich compositions, lowest at stoichiometry, and slightly higher in the Ni-rich composition. When thermally cycled under constant stresses of up to 300 MPa, all of the alloys had transformation strains, and therefore work outputs, which increased with increasing stress. In each series of alloys, the transformation strain and thus work output was highest for stoichiometric or Ti-rich compositions while permanent strain associated with the constant-load thermal cycling was lowest for alloys with Ni-equivalent-rich compositions. Based on these results, basic rules for optimizing the composition of NiTiPd alloys for actuator performance will be discussed.

Fabrication of Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloy powders by ball milling method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, S.; Nam, T.

2001-01-01

Ti-Ni and Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory alloy powders have been fabricated by ball milling method, and then alloying behavior and transformation behavior were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. As milled Ti-Ni powders fabricated with milling time less than 20 hrs was a mixture of pure elemental Ti and Ni, and therefore it was unable to obtain alloy powders because the combustion reaction between Ti and Ni occurred during heat treatment. Since those fabricated with milling time more than 20 hrs was a mixture of Ti-rich and Ni-rich Ti-Ni solid solution, however, it was possible to obtain alloy powders without the combustion reaction during heat treatment. Clear exothermic and endothermic peaks appeared in the cooling and heating curves, respectively in DSC curves of 20 hrs and 30 hrs milled Ti-Ni powders. On the other hand, in DSC curves of 1 hr, 10 hrs, 50 hrs and 100 hrs, the thermal peaks were almost discernible. The most optimum ball milling time for fabricating Ti-Ni alloy powders was 30 hrs. Ti-40Ni-10Cu(at%) alloy powders were fabricated successfully by ball milling conditions with rotating speed of 100 rpm and milling time of 30 hrs. (author)

Modelling and experimental investigation of geometrically graded NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shariat, Bashir S; Liu, Yinong; Rio, Gerard

2013-01-01

To improve actuation controllability of a NiTi shape memory alloy component in applications, it is desirable to create a wide stress window for the stress-induced martensitic transformation in the alloy. One approach is to create functionally graded NiTi with a geometric gradient in the actuation direction. This geometric gradient leads to transformation load and displacement gradients in the structure. This paper reports a study of the pseudoelastic behaviour of geometrically graded NiTi by means of mechanical model analysis and experimentation using three types of sample geometry. Closed-form solutions are obtained for nominal stress–strain variation of such components under cyclic tensile loading and the predictions are validated with experimental data. The geometrically graded NiTi samples exhibit a distinctive positive stress gradient for the stress-induced martensitic transformation and the slope of the stress gradient can be adjusted by sample geometry design. (paper)

Study on properties of stress relaxation for NiTiNb shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Xuchang; Mo Huaqiang; Zeng Guangting; Shen Baoluo; Huo Yongzhong

2002-01-01

Stress relaxation tests at high temperature are performed for NiTiNb shape memory alloy to obtain the properties of stress relaxation. The relaxation curve fitted with the expression, which is deduced based on the relation between the relaxation and the creep. With the aid of experimental data, relaxation characteristic coefficient and remaining stress ratio are obtained, which characterize the relaxation behavior. The results of the study show that stress relaxation would be more evident with the higher temperature and/or greater initial stress. NiTiNb alloy has good relaxation resistance in the temperature range 300-400 degree C and the initial stress range 260-360 MPa. NiTiNb has better properties to resist relaxation than NiTiFe, therefore it is more applicable to work at high temperature

Effect of grain size of parent phase on twinning modes of B19` martensite in an equiatomic Ti-Ni shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nishida, M. [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Mater. Sci. and Resource Eng.; Itai, I. [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Mater. Sci. and Resource Eng.; Kitamura, K. [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Mater. Sci. and Resource Eng.; Chiba, A. [Kumamoto Univ. (Japan). Dept. of Mater. Sci. and Resource Eng.; Yamauchi, K. [Tokin Corp., Sendai (Japan)

1995-12-01

The effect of grain size of B2 parent phase on the twinning modes of B19` martensite in a Ti-50.0 at% Ni shape memory alloy has been studied. The grain size of parent phase was controlled from submicrons to several ten microns by cold-rolling and subsequent annealing. (001) compound twins were dominantly observed in the grain less than 4 {mu}m in diameter, although the (001) compound twinning did not give a solution to the phenomenological crystallographic theory. The triangular self-accommodating morphology of the martensite variants consisting of left angle 011 right angle Type II twins which were theoretically and experimentally recognized as a lattice invariant shear of the present transformation appeared in the whole grain more than 4 {mu}m in diameter. The formation mechanism of the (001) compound twinning in the fine grain is also discussed. (orig.).

Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Ni50Al50-xMox (X=0-5 Intermetallic Compound During Mechanical Alloying Process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Khajesarvi

2015-07-01

Full Text Available In the present study, nanocrystalline Ni50Al50-xMox (X = 0, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 intermetallic compound was produced through mechanical alloying of nickel, aluminum, and molybdenum powders. AlNi compounds with good and attractive properties such as high melting point, high strength to weight ratio and high corrosion resistance especially at high temperatures have attracted the attention of many researchers. Powders produced from milling were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM and X-ray diffractometry (XRD. The results showed that intermetallic compound of NiAl formed at different stage of milling operation. It was concluded that at first disordered solid solution of (Ni,Al was formed then it converted into ordered intermetallic compound of NiAl. With increasing the atomic percent of molybdenum, average grain size decreased from 3 to 0.5 μm. Parameter lattice and lattice strain increased with increasing the atomic percent of molybdenum, while the crystal structure became finer up to 10 nm. Also, maximum microhardness was obtained for NiAl49Mo1 alloy.

Orientation dependence and tension/compression asymmetry of shape memory effect and superelasticity in ferromagnetic Co40Ni33Al27, Co49Ni21Ga30 and Ni54Fe19Ga27 single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chumlyakov, Y.; Panchenko, E.; Kireeva, I.; Karaman, I.; Sehitoglu, H.; Maier, H.J.; Tverdokhlebova, A.; Ovsyannikov, A.

2008-01-01

In the present study the effects of crystal axis orientation, stress state (tension/compression) and test temperature on shape memory effect and superelasticity of Ni 54 Fe 19 Ga 27 (I), Co 40 Ni 33 Al 27 (II), Co 49 Ni 21 Ga 30 (III) (numbers indicate at.%) single crystals were investigated. The shape memory effect, the start temperature of superelasticity T 1 and the mechanical hysteresis Δσ were found to be dependent on crystal axis orientation and stress state. Superelasticity was observed at T 1 = A f (A f , reverse transformation-finish temperature) in tension/compression for [0 0 1]-oriented Ni-Fe-Ga crystals and in compression for [0 0 1]-oriented Co-Ni-Ga crystals, which all displayed a small mechanical hysteresis (Δσ ≤ 30 MPa). An increase in Δσ of up to 90 MPa in the Co-Ni-Al and the Co-Ni-Ga crystals lead to stabilization of the stress-induced martensite, and an increase in to T 1 = A f + Δ. The maximal value of Δ (75 K) was found in [0 0 1]-oriented Co-Ni-Al crystals in tension. A thermodynamic criterion describing the dependencies of the start temperature of superelasticity T 1 on crystal axis orientation, stress state and the magnitude of mechanical hysteresis is discussed

Effect of ageing temperatures on pseudoelasticity of Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Mohamad, Hishamiakim; Mahmud, Abdus Samad; Nashrudin, Muhammad Naqib; Razali, Muhammad Fauzinizam

2018-05-01

The shape memory behavior of NiTi alloy is very sensitive to alloy composition and heat treatments, particularly annealing and ageing. This paper analysed the effect of ageing towards the thermomechanical behaviour of Ti-51at%Ni wire. The analysis focused on the effect of ageing at the different temperature on thermal transformation sequence and tensile deformation behaviour with respect to the recoverability of the alloy. It was found that B2-R transformation peak appeared in the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement when the alloys were aged at the temperature between 400°C to 475°C for 30 minutes. Further ageing at 500°C to 550°C yielded two stage transformation, B2-R-B19' in cooling. All aged wires exhibited good pseudoelastic behaviour when deformed at room temperature and yielded below 1% residual strain upon unloading. Ageing at 450°C resulted the smallest unrecovered strain of about 0.4%.

Processing and Characterization of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Particle Reinforced Sn-In Solders

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Chung, Kohn C

2006-01-01

.... In previous work, it was proposed that reinforcement of solder by NiTi shape memory alloy particles to form smart composite solder reduces the inelastic strain of the solder and hence, may enhance...

Atomistic characterization of pseudoelasticity and shape memory in NiTi nanopillars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhong Yuan; Gall, Ken; Zhu Ting

2012-01-01

Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study the atomistic mechanisms governing the pseudoelasticity and shape memory in nickel–titanium (NiTi) nanostructures. For a 〈1 1 0〉 – oriented nanopillar subjected to compressive loading–unloading, we observe either a pseudoelastic or shape memory response, depending on the applied strain and temperature that control the reversibility of phase transformation and deformation twinning. We show that irreversible twinning arises owing to the dislocation pinning of twin boundaries, while hierarchically twinned microstructures facilitate the reversible twinning. The nanoscale size effects are manifested as the load serration, stress plateau and large hysteresis loop in stress–strain curves that result from the high stresses required to drive the nucleation-controlled phase transformation and deformation twinning in nanosized volumes. Our results underscore the importance of atomistically resolved modeling for understanding the phase and deformation reversibilities that dictate the pseudoelasticity and shape memory behavior in nanostructured shape memory alloys.

Neutron diffraction studies of Ho1-xYxNi2B2C compounds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chang, L.J.; Tomy, C.V.; Paul, D.M.K.

1996-01-01

Neutron diffraction measurements have been carried out to investigate the nature of magnetic ordering in Ho(1-x)Y(x)Ni(2)B(2)C (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) compounds. HoNi(2)B(2)C shows a complex type of magnetic ordering below the superconducting transition, with a commensurate antiferromagnetic ordering...

Shape memory and pseudoelastic properties of Fe-Mn-Si and Ti-Ni based alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guenin, G.

1997-01-01

The aim of this presentation is to analyse and discuss some recent advances in shape memory and pseudoelastic properties of different alloys. Experimental work in connection with theoretical ones will be reviewed. The first part is devoted to the microstructural origin of shape memory properties of Fe-Mn-Si based alloys (γ-ε transformation); the second part is a synthetic analysis of the effects of thermomechanical treatments on shape memory and pseudoelastic effects in Ti-Ni alloys, with some focus on the behaviour of the R phase introduced. (orig.)

Characterization of the laser gas nitrided surface of NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cui, Z.D.; Man, H.C.; Yang, X.J.

2003-01-01

Owing to its unique properties such as shape memory effects, superelasticity and radiopacity, NiTi alloy is a valuable biomaterial for fabricating implants. The major concern of this alloy for biological applications is the high atomic percentage of nickel in the alloy and the deleterious effects to the body by the corrosion and/or wears products. In this study, a continuous wave Nd-YAG laser was used to conduct laser gas nitriding on the substrate of NiTi alloy. The results show that a continuous and crack-free thin TiN layer was produced in situ on the NiTi substrate. The characteristics of the nitrided surface layer were investigated using SEM, XRD, XPS and AAS. No nickel signal was detected on the top surface of the laser gas nitrided layer. As compared with the mechanical polished NiTi alloy, the nickel ion release rate out of the nitrided NiTi alloy decreased significantly in Hanks' solution at 37 deg. C, especially the initial release rate

Estimation of Transformation Temperatures in Ti-Ni-Pd Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Narayana, P. L.; Kim, Seong-Woong; Hong, Jae-Keun; Reddy, N. S.; Yeom, Jong-Taek

2018-03-01

The present study focused on estimating the complex nonlinear relationship between the composition and phase transformation temperatures of Ti-Ni-Pd shape memory alloys by artificial neural networks (ANN). The ANN models were developed by using the experimental data of Ti-Ni-Pd alloys. It was found that the predictions are in good agreement with the trained and unseen test data of existing alloys. The developed model was able to simulate new virtual alloys to quantitatively estimate the effect of Ti, Ni, and Pd on transformation temperatures. The transformation temperature behavior of these virtual alloys is validated by conducting new experiments on the Ti-rich thin film that was deposited using multi target sputtering equipment. The transformation behavior of the film was measured by varying the composition with the help of aging treatment. The predicted trend of transformational temperatures was explained with the help of experimental results.

The effect of the melting spinning cooling rate on transformation temperatures in ribbons Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramos, A.P.; Castro, W.B.; Anselmo, G.C. dos S.

2014-01-01

Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have been attracting attention by their high performance of shape memory effect and decrease of thermal and stress hysteresis in comparison with Ti-Ni binary alloys. One important challenge of microsystems design is the implementation of miniaturized actuation principles efficient at the micro-scale. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have early on been considered as a potential solution to this problem as these materials offer attractive properties like a high-power to weight ratio, large deformation and the capability to be processed at the micro-scale. Shape memory characteristics of Ti-37,8Cu-18,7Ni alloy ribbons prepared by melt spinning were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. In these experiments particular attention has been paid to change of the velocity of cooling wheel from 21 to 63 m/s. Then the cooling rates of ribbons were controlled. The effect of this cooling rate on austenitic and martensitic transformations behaviors is discussed. (author)

Fast Response Shape Memory Effect Titanium Nickel (TiNi) Foam Torque Tubes

Science.gov (United States)

Jardine, Peter

2014-01-01

Shape Change Technologies has developed a process to manufacture net-shaped TiNi foam torque tubes that demonstrate the shape memory effect. The torque tubes dramatically reduce response time by a factor of 10. This Phase II project matured the actuator technology by rigorously characterizing the process to optimize the quality of the TiNi and developing a set of metrics to provide ISO 9002 quality assurance. A laboratory virtual instrument engineering workbench (LabVIEW'TM')-based, real-time control of the torsional actuators was developed. These actuators were developed with The Boeing Company for aerospace applications.

Characterisation of melt spun Ni-Ti shape memory Ribbons' microstructure

Science.gov (United States)

Mehrabi, Kambiz; Brunčko, Mihael; Kneissl, Albert C.; Čolič, Miodrag; Stamenković, Dragoslav; Ferčec, Janko; Anžel, Ivan; Rudolf, Rebeka

2012-06-01

NiTi alloys are the most technologically important medical Shape Memory Alloys in a wide range of applications used in Orthopaedics, Neurology, Cardiology and interventional Radiology as guide-wires, self-expandable stents, stent grafts, inferior vena cava filters and clinical instruments. This paper discusses the use of rapid solidification by the melt spinning method for the preparation of thin NiTi ribbons for medical uses. Generally, the application of rapid solidification via melt-spinning can change the microstructure drastically, which improves ductility and shape memory characteristics and leads to samples with small dimensions. As the increase in the wheel speed led to a reduced ribbon thickness, the cooling rate increased and, therefore, the martensitic substructure became finer. Furthermore, no transition from the crystalline phase to the amorphous phase was obtained by increasing the cooling rate, even at a wheel speed of 30 m/s. Specimens for our metallographic investigation were cut from the longitudinal cross sections of melt-spun ribbons. Conventional TEM studies were carried out with an acceleration voltage of 120 kV. Additionally, the chemical composition of the samples was examined with a TEM equipped with an EDX analyser. The crystallographic structure was determined using Bragg-Brentano x-ray diffraction with Cu-Kα radiation at room temperature.

Magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy NiMnFeGa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Z.H.; Ma, X.Q.; Zhu, Z.Y.; Luo, H.Z.; Liu, G.D.; Chen, J.L.; Wu, G.H.; Zhang Xiaokai; Xiao, John Q.

2011-01-01

The magnetoresistance (MR){=[R(H)-R(0)]/R(0)} properties in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy of NiMnFeGa ribbons and single crystals, and NiFeGa ribbons have been investigated. It is found that the NiMnFeGa melt-spun ribbon exhibited GMR effect, arising from the spin-dependent scattering from magnetic inhomogeneities consisting of antiferromagnetically coupled Mn atoms in B2 structure. In the absence of these magnetic inhomogeneities, Heusler alloys seem to show a common linear MR behavior at around 0.8T C , regardless of sample structures. This may be explained by the s-d model. At low temperatures, conventional AMR behaviors due to the spin-orbital coupling are observed. This is most likely due to the diminished MR from s-d model because of much less spin fluctuation, and is not associated with martensite phase. MR anomaly at intermediate field (ρ perpendicular >ρ || ) is also observed in single crystal samples, which may be related to unique features of Heusler alloys. - Highlights: → NiMnFeGa melt-spun ribbon exhibited GMR effect with a large negative MR up to -13%. → GMR behavior is arising from the spin-dependent scattering from magnetic inhomogeneities. → In the absence of these magnetic inhomogeneities, Heusler alloys seem to show a common linear MR behavior at around 0.8T C . → Conventional AMR behaviors due to the spin-orbital coupling are observed in NiMnFeGa single crystal and Ni 2 FeGa ribbon samples at low temperatures.

Toxicity assessment and selective leaching characteristics of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys in biomaterials applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Chang, Shih-Hang; Chen, Bor-Yann; Lin, Jin-Xiang

2016-04-06

Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) possess two-way shape memory effects, superelasticity, and damping capacity. Nonetheless, Cu-Al-Ni SMAs remain promising candidates for use in biomedical applications, as they are more economical and machinable than other SMAs. Ensuring the biocompatibility of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs is crucial to their development for biomedical applications. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the toxicity of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs using a Probit dose-response model and augmented simplex design. In this study, the effects of Cu2+, Al3+ and Ni2+ metal ions on bacteria (Escherichia coli DH5α) using Probit dose-response analysis and augmented simplex design to assess the actual toxicity of the Cu-Al-Ni SMAs. Extraction and repetition of Escherichia coli DH5α solutions with high Cu2+ ion concentrations and 30-hour incubation demonstrated that Escherichia coli DH5α was able to alter its growth mechanisms in response to toxins. Metal ions leached from Cu-Al-Ni SMAs appeared in a multitude of compositions with varying degrees of toxicity, and those appearing close to a saddle region identified in the contour plot of the augmented simplex model were identified as candidates for elevated toxicity levels. When the Cu-13.5Al-4Ni SMA plate was immersed in Ringer's solution, the selective leaching rate of Ni2+ ions far exceeded that of Cu2+ and Al3+. The number of Cu2+, Al3+ and Ni2+ ions leached from Cu-Al-Ni SMAs increased with immersion time; however, at higher ratios, toxicity interactions among the metal ions had the effect of gradually reducing overall toxicity levels with regard to Escherichia coli DH5α. The quantities of Cu2+, Al3+ and Ni2+ ions leached from the Cu-13.5Al-4Ni SMA plate increased with immersion time, the toxicity interactions associated with these compositions reduced the actual toxicity to Escherichia coli DH5α.

Fabrication and thermal characterization of amorphous and nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tavoosi, Majid, E-mail: ma.tavoosi@gmail.com

2017-01-15

In this study, the fabrication and structural characterization of amorphous/nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti phase has been performed. In this regards, milling and annealing processes were applied on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} (at. %) powder mixture for different periods of time. The prepared samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and differential scanning calorimetery (DSC). According to the results, supersaturated solid solution, nanocrystalline Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti (with average crystallite size of about 7 nm) and amorphous phases indicated three different microstructures which can be formed in Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} system during milling process. The formed supersaturated solid solution and amorphous phases were unstable and transformed to Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound during annealing process. It is shown that, Al{sub 9}FeNi phase in Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti intermetallic compound can decompose into Al{sub 3}Ni, Al{sub 13}Fe{sub 4} and liquid phases during a reversible peritectic reaction at 809 °C. - Highlights: • We study the effect of milling process on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} alloy. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} supersaturated solid solution phase. • We study the effect of annealing on Al{sub 80}Fe{sub 10}Ti{sub 5}Ni{sub 5} amorphous phase. • We study the thermal behaviour of Al{sub 9}FeNi/Al{sub 3}Ti compound.

Mechanical response of nitrogen ion implanted NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kucharski, S.; Levintant-Zayonts, N.; Luckner, J.

2014-01-01

Highlights: • The effect of ion implantation process on shape memory alloy was investigated. • In the implantation process both surface layer and bulk material are modified. • The microstructure is modified and superelastic effect is destroyed in surface layer. • The parameters of superelastic phenomena are changed in bulk material. - Abstract: In the paper a change of material (mechanical) parameters of NiTi shape memory alloy subjected to ion implantation treatment is investigated. The spherical indentation tests in micro- and nano-scale and tension test have been performed to study an evolution of local superelastic effect in different volumes of nonimplanted and nitrogen ion implanted NiTi alloy. The differential scanning calorimetry has been applied to measure the change of characteristic temperatures due to ion implantation treatment. The structure of implanted material has been investigated using electron microscopy technique. It has been found that the ion implantation process changes the properties not only in a thin surface layer but also in bulk material. In the layer the pseudoelastic effect is destroyed, and in the substrate is preserved, however its parameters are changed. The characteristic phase transformation temperatures in substrate are also modified

Magnetic and calorimetric investigations of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni54Fe19Ga27

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, V K; Chattopadhyay, M K; Kumar, Ravi; Ganguli, Tapas; Kaul, Rakesh; Majumdar, S; Roy, S B

2007-01-01

We report results of magnetization and differential scanning calorimetry measurements in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni 54 Fe 19 Ga 27 . This alloy undergoes an austenite-martensite phase transition in its ferromagnetic state. The nature of the ferromagnetic state, both in the austenite and the martensite phase, is studied in detail. The ferromagnetic state in the martensite phase is found to have higher anisotropy energy as compared with the austenite phase. The estimated anisotropy constant is comparable to that of a well-studied ferromagnetic shape memory alloy system NiMnGa. Further, the present study highlights various interesting features accompanying the martensitic transition (MT). These features suggest the possibility of either a premartensitic transition and/or an inter-MT in this system

Thermomechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of a Ni(Pd)-rich Ni{sub 24.3}Ti{sub 49.7}Pd{sub 26} high temperature shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benafan, O., E-mail: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov [NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135 (United States); Garg, A. [University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606 (United States); NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135 (United States); Noebe, R.D.; Bigelow, G.S.; Padula, S.A. [NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135 (United States); Gaydosh, D.J. [Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142 (United States); NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135 (United States); Vaidyanathan, R. [Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816 (United States); Clausen, B.; Vogel, S.C. [Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States)

2015-09-15

Highlights: • A Ni(Pd)-rich Ni{sub 24.3}Ti{sub 49.7}Pd{sub 26} high temperature shape memory alloy was characterized. • Aging resulted in fine dispersion of nano-sized precipitates. • Thermomechanical cycling resulted in dimensional instabilities due to lattice defects. • A two-way shape memory effect strain of 2% strain was obtained after cycling. - Abstract: The effect of thermomechanical cycling on a slightly Ni(Pd)-rich Ni{sub 24.3}Ti{sub 49.7}Pd{sub 26} (near stochiometric Ni–Ti basis with Pd replacing Ni) high temperature shape memory alloy was investigated. Aged tensile specimens (400 °C/24 h/furnace cooled) were subjected to constant-stress thermal cycling in conjunction with microstructural assessment via in situ neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), before and after testing. It was shown that in spite of the slightly Ni(Pd)-rich composition and heat treatment used to precipitation harden the alloy, the material exhibited dimensional instabilities with residual strain accumulation reaching 1.5% over 10 thermomechanical cycles. This was attributed to insufficient strengthening of the material (insufficient volume fraction of precipitate phase) to prevent plasticity from occurring concomitant with the martensitic transformation. In situ neutron diffraction revealed the presence of retained martensite while cycling under 300 MPa stress, which was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of post-cycled samples. Neutron diffraction analysis of the post-thermally-cycled samples under no-load revealed residual lattice strains in the martensite and austenite phases, remnant texture in the martensite phase, and peak broadening of the austenite phase. Texture developed in the martensite phase was composed mainly of those martensitic tensile variants observed during thermomechanical cycling. Presence of a high density of dislocations, deformation twins, and retained martensite was revealed in the austenite state via in

Behavior and effect of Ti2Ni phase during processing of NiTi shape memory alloy wire from cast ingot

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bhagyaraj, J.; Ramaiah, K.V.; Saikrishna, C.N.; Bhaumik, S.K.; Gouthama

2013-01-01

Highlights: •Ti 2 Ni second phase particles forms in different sizes and shapes in cast ingot. •TEM evidences showed shearing/fragmentation of Ti 2 Ni during processing. •Matrix close to Ti 2 Ni experienced severe plastic deformation lead to amorphisation. •Ti 2 Ni interfaces were mostly faceted and assist in nucleation of martensite. •Heterogeneity of microstructure observed near to and away from Ti 2 Ni. -- Abstract: Binary NiTi alloy is one of the commercially successful shape memory alloys (SMAs). Generally, the NiTi alloy composition used for thermal actuator application is slightly Ti-rich. In the present study, vacuum arc melted alloy of 50.2Ti–Ni (at.%) composition was prepared and characterized using optical, scanning and transmission electron microcopy. Formation of second phase particles (SPPs) in the cast alloy and their influence on development of microstructure during processing of the alloy into wire form has been investigated. Results showed that the present alloy contained Ti 2 Ni type SPPs in the matrix. In the cast alloy, the Ti 2 Ni particles form in varying sizes (1–10 μm) and shapes. During subsequent thermo-mechanical processing, these SPPs get sheared/fragmented into smaller particles with low aspect ratio. The presence of SPPs plays a significant role in refinement of the microstructure during processing of the alloy. During deformation of the alloy, the matrix phase around the SPPs experiences conditions similar to that observed in severe plastic deformation of metallic materials, leading to localized amorphisation of the matrix phase

Study of Ni50+xMn25Ga25-x (x = 2-11) as high-temperature shape-memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma Yunqing; Jiang Chengbao; Li Yan; Xu Huibin; Wang Cuiping; Liu Xingjun

2007-01-01

Ni 50+x Mn 25 Ga 25-x (x = 2-11) alloys were studied as high-temperature shape-memory alloys, with regard to their microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior and high-temperature shape-memory effect. Single phase of martensite with tetragonal structure was present for x p increase monotonically from 39.1 deg. C for x = 2 to 443.8 deg. C for x = 7, then remain almost constant at 440 deg. C for x ≥ 7. The shape-memory strains of the alloys decreased gradually from 6.1% for x = 4 to 2.8% for x = 8 and 0% for x = 11 under the same pre-strain. The variations of the martensitic transformation temperatures and the shape-memory effects with Ni contents correlate with changes in size factor, electron concentration and precipitation of γ phase

Comparative studies on ultrasonic, friction, laser and resistance pressure welding of NiTi shape memory alloys with high-alloy steels. Final report; Vergleichende Untersuchungen zum Ultraschall-, Reib-, Laserstrahl- und Widerstandspressschweissen von NiTi-Shape-Memory-Metall mit hochlegierten Staehlen. Abschlussbericht

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zuckschwerdt, K.

2000-04-01

The suitability of different welding techniques for welding of NiTi shape memory alloys with high-alloy steel (C12CrNi17-7, X5CrNiNb19-9, X20Cr13) was investigated. The quality of the welds was analyzed using mechanical-technological, fractographic, metallographic and electron microscopy analysis. [German] Ziel dieses Forschungsvorhabens ist es, die Eignung der einzelnen Schweissverfahren fuer das Fuegen von NiTi-Formgedaechtnislegierungen mit hochlegiertem Stahl (X12CrNi17-7, X5CrNiNb19-9, X20Cr13) darzustellen und zu beurteilen. Die Qualitaet der Fuegeverbindungen wird mit Hilfe mechanisch-technologischer, fraktographischer, metallographischer und elektronenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen bewertet.

Formation of two-way shape memory effect in rapid-quenched TiNiCu alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shelyakov, A.V.; Bykovsky, Yu.A.; Matveeva, N.M.; Kovneristy, Yu.K.

1995-01-01

Recently we have developed a number of devices for an optical radiation control based on the shape memory effect. A blind of rapid-quenched TiNiCu alloy having a two-way shape memory in bending was used as a basic element. So far as the rapid quenched alloy used is amorphous in initial state, it needs thermal annealing to form shape memory. This paper describes procedure of thermo-mechanical treatment, that allows to form desired two-way shape memory immediately during thermal annealing of amorphous alloy without training. It was shown that degree of two-way shape recovery depends critically on initial strain, temperature and duration of the annealing. It was experimentally determined optimum parameters of thermo-mechanical treatment to achieve maximum two-way shape memory. (orig.)

Memory and Perfection in Ferroelastic Inclusion Compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hollingsworth, M.; Peterson, M.; Rush, J.; Brown, M.; Abel, M.; Black, A.; Dudley, M.; Raghothamachar, B.; Werner-Zwanziger, U.

2005-01-01

In a series of ferroelastic urea inclusion compounds (UICs), in which domain reorientation occurs upon application of an external anisotropic force, introduction of a relaxive impurity that disrupts a specific hydrogen-bonding network transforms a plastic (irreversible) domain-switching process into one that exhibits a striking memory effect and 'rubber-like behavior', a form of pseudoelasticity. As expected for a highly cooperative process, the ferroelastic response to the impurity concentration exhibits a critical threshold. Through synchrotron white-beam X-ray topography (SWBXT) of crystals under stress, videomicroscopy of spontaneous repair during crystal growth, acoustomechanical relaxation of daughter domains, kinetic measurements of spontaneous domain reversion, and solid-state 2 H NMR of labeled guests, this work shows how relaxive impurities lower the barrier to domain switching and how differences in perfection between mother and daughter domains provide the driving force for the memory effects. Although the interfacial effects implicated here are different from the volume effects that operate in certain shape memory materials, the twinning and defect phenomena responsible for the rubber-like behavior and memory effects should be generally applicable to domain switching in ferroelastic and ferroelectric crystals and to other solid-state processes

Biocompatibility and corrosion behavior of the shape memory NiTi alloy in the physiological environments simulated with body fluids for medical applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khalil-Allafi, Jafar; Amin-Ahmadi, Behnam; Zare, Mehrnoush

2010-01-01

Due to unique properties of NiTi shape memory alloys such as high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, super elasticity and shape memory behavior, NiTi shape memory alloys are suitable materials for medical applications. Although TiO 2 passive layer in these alloys can prevent releasing of nickel to the environment, high nickel content and stability of passive layer in these alloys are very debatable subjects. In this study a NiTi shape memory alloy with nominal composition of 50.7 atom% Ni was investigated by corrosion tests. Electrochemical tests were performed in two physiological environments of Ringer solution and NaCl 0.9% solution. Results indicate that the breakdown potential of the NiTi alloy in NaCl 0.9% solution is higher than that in Ringer solution. The results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) reveal that low pitting corrosion occurred in Ringer solution compared with NaCl solution at potentiostatic tests. The pH value of the solutions increases after the electrochemical tests. The existence of hydride products in the X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the decrease of the concentration of hydrogen ion in solutions. Topographical evaluations show that corrosion products are nearly same in all samples. The biocompatibility tests were performed by reaction of mouse fibroblast cells (L929). The growth and development of cells for different times were measured by numbering the cells or statistics investigations. The figures of cells for different times showed natural growth of cells. The different of the cell numbers between the test specimen and control specimen was negligible; therefore it may be concluded that the NiTi shape memory alloy is not toxic in the physiological environments simulated with body fluids.

Severe plastic deformation of melt-spun shape memory Ti2NiCu and Ni2MnGa alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pushin, Vladimir G.; Korolev, Alexander V.; Kourov, Nikolai I.; Kuntsevich, Tatiana E.; Valiev, Eduard Z.; Yurchenko, Lyudmila I.; Valiev, Ruslan Z.; Gunderov, Dmitrii V.; Zhu, Yuntian T.

2006-01-01

This paper describes the influence of severe plastic deformation (SPD) on the structure, phase transformations, and physical properties of melt-spun Ti 2 NiCu-based and Ni 2 MnGa-based shape memory intermetallic alloys. It was found that the SPD by high pressure torsion (HPT) at room temperature can be effectively used for the synthesis of bulk nanostructured states in these initially submicro-grained or amorphized alloys obtained by melt-spinning method in the form of a ribbon. The subsequent low-temperature annealing of HPT-processed alloys leads to formation of homogeneous ultrafine nano-grained structure. This is connected with a very high degree and high homogeneity of deformation at SPD in the whole volume of deformed samples. (author)

Texture development and anisotropic behaviour of a TI-44.2NI4.9CU (AT.%) shape memory alloy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zhao, L.

1997-01-01

The objective of this work was to determine the relationship between texture development and anisotropy of shape memory properties. A commercial Ti-45Ni-5Cu (at.%) shape memory alloy was selected. Textures were developed by controlling rolling parameters, such as rolling temperature, intermediate

Thermal and electron transport studies on the valence fluctuating compound YbNiAl4

Science.gov (United States)

Falkowski, M.; Kowalczyk, A.

2018-05-01

We report the thermoelectric power S and thermal conductivity κ measurements on the valence fluctuating compound YbNiAl4, furthermore taking into account the impact of the applied magnetic field. We discuss our new results with revisiting the magnetic [χ(T)], transport [ρ(T)], and thermodynamic [Cp(T)] properties in order to better understand the phenomenon of thermal and electron transport in this compound. The field dependence of the magnetoresistivity data is also given. The temperature dependence of thermoelectric power S(T) was found to exhibit a similar behaviour as expected for Yb-based compounds with divalent or nearly divalent Yb ions. In addition, the values of total thermal conductivity as a function of temperature κ(T) of YbNiAl4 are fairly low compared to those of pure metals which may be linked to the fact that the conduction band is perturbed by strong hybridization. A deeper analysis of the specific heat revealed the low-T anomaly of the ratio Cp(T)/T3, most likely associated with the localized low-frequency oscillators in this alloy. In addition, the Kadowaki-Woods ratio and the Wilson ratio are discussed with respect to the electronic correlations in YbNiAl4.

Shape memory effect in Fe-Mn-Ni-Si-C alloys with low Mn contents

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Min, X.H., E-mail: MIN.Xiaohua@nims.go.jp [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Sawaguchi, T.; Ogawa, K. [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Maruyama, T. [Awaji Materia Co., Ltd. 2-3-13, Kanda ogawamachi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0052 (Japan); Yin, F.X. [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Tsuzaki, K. [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047 (Japan)

2011-06-15

Highlights: {yields} A class of new Fe-Mn-Ni-Si-C shape memory alloys with low Mn contents has been designed. {yields} A Mn content for the onset of the {alpha}' martensite is less than 13 mass%, and the {epsilon} martensite still exists in the alloy with a 9 mass% Mn. {yields} The shape recovery strain decreases considerably when the Mn content is reduced from 13 to 11 mass%. {yields} The sudden decrease in the shape recovery strain is mainly caused by the formation of {alpha}' martensite. - Abstract: An attempt was made to develop a new Fe-Mn-Si-based shape memory alloy from a Fe-17Mn-6Si-0.3C (mass%) shape memory alloy, which was previously reported to show a superior shape memory effect without any costly training treatment, by lowering its Mn content. The shape memory effect and the phase transformation behavior were investigated for the as-solution treated Fe-(17-2x)Mn-6Si-0.3C-xNi (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) polycrystalline alloys. The shape recovery strain exceeded 2% in the alloys with x = 0-2, which is sufficient for an industrially applicable shape memory effect; however, it suddenly decreased in the alloys between x = 2 and 3 although the significant shape recovery strain still exceeded 1%. In the alloys with x = 3 and 4, X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscope observation revealed the existence of {alpha}' martensite, which forms at the intersection of the {epsilon} martensite plates and suppresses the crystallographic reversibility of the {gamma} austenite to {epsilon} martensitic transformation.

High Work Output Ni-Ti-Pt High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys and Associated Processing Methods

Science.gov (United States)

Noebe, Ronald D. (Inventor); Draper, Susan L. (Inventor); Nathal, Michael V. (Inventor); Garg, Anita (Inventor)

2009-01-01

According to the invention, compositions of Ni-Ti-Pt high temperature, high force, shape memory alloys are disclosed that have transition temperatures above 100 C.; have narrow hysteresis; and produce a high specific work output.

Fabrication and AE characteristics of TiNi/A16061 shape memory alloy composite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Young Chul; Lee, Jin Kyung

2004-01-01

TiNi/A16061 Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) composite was fabricated by hot press method to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties. Interface bonding between TiNi reinforcement and A1 matrix was observed by using SEM and EDS. Pre-strain was imposed to generate compressive residual stress inside composite. A tensile test for specimen, which underwent pre-strain, was performed at high temperature to evaluate the variation of strength and the effect of pre-strain. It was shown that interfacial reactions occurred at the bonding between matrix and fiber, creating two inter-metallic layers. And yield stress increased with the amount of pre-strain. Acoustic emission technique was also used to nondestructively clarify the microscopic damage behavior at high temperature and the effect of pre-strain of TiNi/A16061 SMA composite

Observation of the structural, optical and magnetic properties during the transformation from hexagonal NiS nano-compounds to cubic NiO nanostructures due to thermal oxidation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Linganiso, E.C., E-mail: elinganiso@csir.co.za [National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001 (South Africa); DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050 (South Africa); Mwakikunga, B.W., E-mail: bmwakikunga@csir.co.za [National Centre for Nano-Structured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001 (South Africa); Coville, N.J. [DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg, Wits 2050 (South Africa); Mhlanga, S.D. [Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg (South Africa)

2015-04-25

Graphical abstract: The transition temperature of 350 °C for the formation of c-NiO from h-NiS oxidation was obtained from structural and optical property studies and by calculating the number of spins obtained from the EPR data. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) shows that this pure NiS has both ferromagnetic ordering and paramagnetic domains. Further, the transition temperature of −9 °C of the pure α-NiS nano-alloys was confirmed by performing electrical measurements on the as-synthesized material. - Highlights: • Single hexagonal phase NiS obtained by microwave assisted hydrothermal synthesis. • NiS nanoalloys show both ferromagnetic and paramagnetic domains by VSM. • Structural evolution of annealed NiS and temperature dependent NiS oxidation presented. • Phase transition from NiS to NiO studied and correlated to the EPR spin population data and crystallite size. • Ferromagnetic and paramagnetic ordering observed for the raw NiS nanostructures. - Abstract: Single phase α-NiS nano-compounds with uniformly distributed hierarchical networks were synthesized by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique. The materials were evaluated for thermal stability under an oxidative environment and at temperatures between 150 °C and 600 °C. NiS materials showed stability at 300 °C and NiO formation was observed from 350 °C to 600 °C. The annealing effect on the crystalline size and IR absorption of the annealed samples is reported by XRD and FTIR studied. The EPR properties of the annealed materials were studied and compared to the oxidized materials. The transition temperature of 350 °C for the formation of NiO from NiS oxidation was confirmed by calculating the number of spins obtained from the EPR data. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) shows that this pure NiS has both ferromagnetic ordering and paramagnetic domains. Further, the transition temperature of −9 °C of the pure α-NiS nano-compounds was confirmed by performing electrical

TiNi shape memory alloys: effects of the fabrication route, the oxygen content and the zirconium or hafnium additions on the metallurgical characteristics and the thermomechanical properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olier, P.

1996-01-01

In order to promote the development of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, we have studied the correlation between the fabrication route, the chemical composition (O 2 content, Zr or Hf additions), the metallurgical characteristics and the thermomechanical properties. A conventional sintering does not allow to obtain a homogeneous compound of pure Ti 50 Ni 50 alloy because of the occurrence of Kirkendall porosities which act as a diffusion barrier. An original process including combustion synthesis and hot-extrusion was successfully developed. Resulting products exhibit a smaller grain size (15-20μm) and an enhanced workability in comparison with products obtained by arc-melting and subsequent hot rolling. The presence of oxygen in equiatomic Ti-Ni alloy induces the oxide precipitation of Ti 4 Ni 2 O x type (with x ≤ 1). The precipitated particle fraction is proportional to the oxygen nominal content of the alloy. We show that the decrease of the transformation temperatures is correlated with the decrease of Ti in solid solution due to Ti 4 Ni 2 O precipitation. Moreover, we find that a fine and homogenous oxide dispersion is suitable to decrease the grain size during hot rolling and to enhance to the one way shape memory properties. An increase of the typical transformation temperatures is obtained through of Zr or Hf (in substitution to Ti). But, an increase of the hardness is measured, and consequently the workability of the ternary alloys becomes reduced. However, it is worthwhile to point out that a Ti 38 Ni 50 Hf 12 product obtained by arc melting and hot extrusion is able to fully recover an apparent plastic strain of more than 4% during tensile tests performed under special loading conditions. Such as behaviour is of great interest with respect to potential applications in a temperature range higher that 100 deg. C. (author)

Deformation and Phase Transformation Processes in Polycrystalline NiTi and NiTiHf High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Benafan, Othmane

2012-01-01

The deformation and transformation mechanisms of polycrystalline Ni49.9Ti50.1 and Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 (in at.%) shape memory alloys were investigated by combined experimental and modeling efforts aided by an in situ neutron diffraction technique at stress and temperature. The thermomechanical response of the low temperature martensite, the high temperature austenite phases, and changes between these two states during thermomechanical cycling were probed and reported. In the cubic austenite phase, stress-induced martensite, deformation twinning and slip processes were observed which helped in constructing a deformation map that contained the limits over which each of the identified mechanisms was dominant. Deformation of the monoclinic martensitic phase was also investigated where the microstructural changes (texture, lattice strains, and phase fractions) during room-temperature deformation and subsequent thermal cycling were compared to the bulk macroscopic response. When cycling between these two phases, the evolution of inelastic strains, along with the shape setting procedures were examined and used for the optimization of the transformation properties as a function of deformation levels and temperatures. Finally, this work was extended to the development of multiaxial capabilities at elevated temperatures for the in situ neutron diffraction measurements of shape memory alloys on the VULCAN Diffractometer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

First-principles calculations of two cubic fluoropervskite compounds: RbFeF3 and RbNiF3

Science.gov (United States)

Mubarak, A. A.; Al-Omari, Saleh

2015-05-01

We present first-principles calculations of the structural, elastic, electronic, magnetic and optical properties for RbFeF3 and RbNiF3. The full-potential linear augmented plan wave (FP-LAPW) method within the density functional theory was utilized to perform the present calculations. We employed the generalized gradient approximation as exchange-correlation potential. It was found that the calculated analytical lattice parameters agree with previous studies. The analysis of elastic constants showed that the present compounds are elastically stable and anisotropic. Moreover, both compounds are classified as a ductile compound. The calculations of the band structure and density functional theory revealed that the RbFeF3 compound has a half-metallic behavior while the RbNiF3 compound has a semiconductor behavior with indirect (M-Γ) band gap. The ferromagnetic behavior was studied for both compounds. The optical properties were calculated for the radiation of up to 40 eV. A beneficial optics technology is predicted as revealed from the optical spectra.

On the shock response of the shape memory alloy, NiTi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Millett, J.C.F.; Bourne, N.K.; Stevens, G.S.; Gray, G.T. III

2002-01-01

There has been recent interest in the behaviour of the shape-memory alloy NiTi since it undergoes a stress-induced phase change at a low stress value. It has been additionally noted that the NiTi does not appear to exhibit a Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) in the way normally associated with other metals. In order to investigate the possible mechanisms operating to give rise to these effects, a series of plate impact experiments have been conducted in order to probe the material's response to shock. In particular attention has been paid to determination of the material Hugoniot in order to ascertain whether the observed features of the response may be explained. A series of other shots where shaped waves are applied are described in order to probe the lower rate response

Magnetic order of Y{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3}-type R{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} (R=Gd–DY) compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morozkin, A.V., E-mail: morozkin@tech.chem.msu.ru [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Yapaskurt, V.O. [Department of Petrology, Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Nirmala, R. [Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036 (India); Malik, S.K.; Quezado, S. [Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59082-970 (Brazil); Yao, Jinlei; Mozharivskyj, Y. [Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1 (Canada); Nigam, A.K. [Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005 (India); Isnard, O. [Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst NEEL, BP166, F-38042 Grenoble (France); CNRS, Institut NEEL, 25 rue des martyrs, F-38042 Grenoble (France)

2016-01-15

Magnetic measurements and neutron powder diffraction investigations on the Y{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3}-type R{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} compounds (R=Gd, Tb, Dy) reveal their complex antiferromagnetic ordering. Magnetic measurements on Gd{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3}, Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} and Dy{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} indicate antiferromagnetic-like transition at temperatures 260 K, 202 K and 140 K, respectively. Also, the Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} and Dy{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} compounds show spin-reorientation transition at 132 K and 99 K, respectively. Below the spin-reorientation transition, the isothermal magnetization curves indicate the metamagnetic-like behavior of Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} and Dy{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3}. The magnetocaloric effect of Dy{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} is calculated in terms of isothermal magnetic entropy change and it reaches a maximum value of −1.2 J/kg K and −1.1 J/kg K for a field change of 50 kOe near 146 K and 92 K, respectively. The neutron diffraction studies of Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} suggest the magnetic ordering of the Tb2 4j sublattice and no magnetic ordering of the Tb1 2a sublattice. Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} transforms from the high temperature paramagnetic state to the commensurate high-temperature a- and c-axis antiferromagnet of I′2/m magnetic space group below 250 K. Below 150 K, the high-temperature antiferromagnet transforms into the low-temperature a-, b- and c-axis antiferromagnet of I′i magnetic space group. At 1.5 K, the terbium magnetic moment in Tb2 sublattice and its a-, b- and c-axis components reach the values of M{sub Tb2}=8.2(1) μ{sub B}, M{sub aTb2}=5.9(1) μ{sub B}, M{sub bTb2}=4.3(2) μ{sub B} and M{sub cTb2}=3.7(2) μ{sub B}, respectively. - Highlights: • Gd{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3}, Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} and Dy{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} have Neel points of 260. 202 and 140 K. • Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} and Dy{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} show spin-reorientation transition at 132 and 99 K. • Tb{sub 3}NiSi{sub 3} exhibits the commensurate magnetic ordering of Tb2 4j sublattice

The effect of pH on the corrosion behavior of intermetallic compounds Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti) and Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti) + 2Mo in sodium chloride solutions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Priyotomo, Gadang, E-mail: gada001@lipi.go.id; Nuraini, Lutviasari, E-mail: Lutviasari@gmail.com [Research Center for Metallurgy and Material, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Gd.474, Setu, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314 (Indonesia); Kaneno, Yasuyuki, E-mail: kaneno@mtr.osakafu-u.ac.id [Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 (Japan)

2015-12-29

The corrosion behavior of the intermetallic compounds, Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti) (L1{sub 2}: single phase) and Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti) + 2Mo (L1{sub 2} and (L12 + Ni{sub ss}) mixture region), has been investigated using an immersion test, electrochemical method and surface analytical method (SEM; scanning electron microscope and EDAX: Energy Dispersive X-ray) in 0.5 kmol/m{sup 3} NaCl solutions at various pH. The corrosion behavior of nickel alloy C-276 was studied under the same experimental conditions as a reference. It was found that the uniform attack was observed on Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti) for the immersion test at lower pH, while the pitting attack was observed on this compound for this test at neutral solution. Furthermore, Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti)+2Mo had the preferential dissolution of L1{sub 2} compared to (L1{sub 2} + Ni{sub ss}) mixture region at lower pH, while pitting attack occurred in (L1{sub 2} + Ni{sub ss}) mixture region at neutral solution. For both intermetallic compounds, the magnitude of pitting and uniform attack decrease with increasing pH of solutions. From the immersion test and polarization curves, the corrosion resistance of Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti)+2Mo is lower than that of Ni{sub 3}(Si,Ti), while the nickel alloy C-276 is the highest one at various pH of solutions. On the other hand, in the lower pH of solutions, the corrosion resistance of tested materials decreased significantly compared to those in neutral and higher pH of solutions.

Impurity levels and fatigue lives of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rahim, M.; Frenzel, J.; Frotscher, M.; Pfetzing-Micklich, J.; Steegmüller, R.; Wohlschlögel, M.; Mughrabi, H.; Eggeler, G.

2013-01-01

In the present work we show how different oxygen (O) and carbon (C) levels affect fatigue lives of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys. We compare three alloys, one with an ultrahigh purity and two which contain the maximum accepted levels of C and O. We use bending rotation fatigue (up to cycle numbers >10 8 ) and scanning electron microscopy (for investigating microstructural details of crack initiation and growth) to study fatigue behavior. High cycle fatigue (HCF) life is governed by the number of cycles required for crack initiation. In the low cycle fatigue (LCF) regime, the high-purity alloy outperforms the materials with higher number densities of carbides and oxides. In the HCF regime, on the other hand, the high-purity and C-containing alloys show higher fatigue lives than the alloy with oxide particles. There is high experimental scatter in the HCF regime where fatigue cracks preferentially nucleate at particle/void assemblies (PVAs) which form during processing. Cyclic crack growth follows the Paris law and does not depend on impurity levels. The results presented in the present work contribute to a better understanding of structural fatigue of pseudoelastic NiTi shape memory alloys

Characterization of NiTi Shape Memory Damping Elements designed for Automotive Safety Systems

Science.gov (United States)

Strittmatter, Joachim; Clipa, Victor; Gheorghita, Viorel; Gümpel, Paul

2014-07-01

Actuator elements made of NiTi shape memory material are more and more known in industry because of their unique properties. Due to the martensitic phase change, they can revert to their original shape by heating when subjected to an appropriate treatment. This thermal shape memory effect (SME) can show a significant shape change combined with a considerable force. Therefore such elements can be used to solve many technical tasks in the field of actuating elements and mechatronics and will play an increasing role in the next years, especially within the automotive technology, energy management, power, and mechanical engineering as well as medical technology. Beside this thermal SME, these materials also show a mechanical SME, characterized by a superelastic plateau with reversible elongations in the range of 8%. This behavior is based on the building of stress-induced martensite of loaded austenite material at constant temperature and facilitates a lot of applications especially in the medical field. Both SMEs are attended by energy dissipation during the martensitic phase change. This paper describes the first results obtained on different actuator and superelastic NiTi wires concerning their use as damping elements in automotive safety systems. In a first step, the damping behavior of small NiTi wires up to 0.5 mm diameter was examined at testing speeds varying between 0.1 and 50 mm/s upon an adapted tensile testing machine. In order to realize higher testing speeds, a drop impact testing machine was designed, which allows testing speeds up to 4000 mm/s. After introducing this new type of testing machine, the first results of vertical-shock tests of superelastic and electrically activated actuator wires are presented. The characterization of these high dynamic phase change parameters represents the basis for new applications for shape memory damping elements, especially in automotive safety systems.

Relationship between microstructure, cytotoxicity and corrosion properties of a Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Colić, Miodrag; Rudolf, Rebeka; Stamenković, Dragoslav; Anzel, Ivan; Vucević, Dragana; Jenko, Monika; Lazić, Vojkan; Lojen, Gorazd

2010-01-01

Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been investigated as materials for medical devices, but their biomedical application is still limited. The aim of this work was to compare the microstructure, corrosion and cytotoxicity in vitro of a Cu-Al-Ni SMA. Rapidly solidified (RS) thin ribbons, manufactured via melt spinning, were used for the tests. The control alloy was a permanent mould casting of the same composition, but without shape memory effect. The results show that RS ribbons are significantly more resistant to corrosion compared with the control alloy, as judged by the lesser release of Cu and Ni into the conditioning medium. These results correlate with the finding that RS ribbons were not cytotoxic to L929 mouse fibroblasts and rat thymocytes. In addition, the RS ribbon conditioning medium inhibited cellular proliferation and IL-2 production by activated rat splenocytes to a much lesser extent. The inhibitory effects were almost completely abolished by conditioning the RS ribbons in culture medium for 4 weeks. Microstructural analysis showed that RS ribbons are martensitic, with boron particles as a minor phase. In contrast, the control Cu-Al-Ni alloy had a complex multiphase microstructure. Examination of the alloy surfaces after conditioning by energy dispersive X-ray and Auger electron spectroscopy showed the formation of Cu and Al oxide layers and confirmed that the metals in RS ribbons are less susceptible to oxidation and corrosion compared with the control alloy. In conclusion, these results suggest that rapid solidification significantly improves the corrosion stability and biocompatibility in vitro of Cu-Al-Ni SMA ribbons.

Experimental investigation on local mechanical response of superelastic NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao, Yao; Zeng, Pan; Lei, Liping

2016-01-01

In this paper, primary attention is paid to the local mechanical response of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) under uniaxial tension. With the help of in situ digital image correlation, sets of experiments are conducted to measure the local strain field at various thermomechanical conditions. Two types of mechanical responses of NiTi SMA are identified. The residual strain localization phenomena are observed, which can be attributed to the localized phase transformation (PT) and we affirm that most of the irreversibility is accumulated simultaneously during PT. It is found that temperature and PT play important roles in inducing delocalization of the reverse transformation. We conclude that forward transformation has more influence on the transition of mechanical response in NiTi SMA than reverse transformation in terms of the critical transition temperature for inducing delocalized reverse transformation. (technical note)

Magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in the HoNi1−xCuxIn (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4) intermetallic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mo, Zhao-Jun; Shen, Jun; Yan, Li-Qin; Tang, Cheng-Chun; He, Xiao-Nan; Zheng, Xinqi; Wu, Jian-Feng; Sun, Ji-Rong; Shen, Bao-Gen

2014-01-01

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in HoNi 1−x Cu x In (x=0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.4) compounds have been investigated. With the substitution of Cu for Ni, the Ho magnetic moment will cant from the c-axis, and form a complicated magnetic structure. These compounds exhibit two successive magnetic transitions with the increase in temperature. The large reversible magnetocaloric effects have been observed in HoNi 1−x Cu x In compounds around T ord , with no thermal and magnetic hysteresis loss. The large reversible isothermal magnetic entropy change (−ΔS M ) is 20.2 J/kg K and the refrigeration capacity (RC) reaches 356.7 J/kg for field changes of 5 T for HoNi 0.7 Cu 0.3 In. Especially, the value of −ΔS M (12.5 J/kg K) and the large RC (132 J/kg) are observed for field changes of 2 T for HoNi 0.9 Cu 0.1 In. Additionally, the values of RC are improved to 149 J/K for the field changes of 2 T due to a wide temperature span for the mix of HoNi 0.9 Cu 0.1 In and HoNi 0.7 Cu 0.3 In compounds with the mass ratio of 1:1. These compounds with excellent MCE are expected to have effective applications in magnetic refrigeration around 20 K. - Highlights: • For magnetic-field changes of 2 T, the values of RC are improved to 149 J/K. • MCEs of these compounds show no thermal and magnetic hysteresis. • Compounds show two successive magnetic transitions with the increase in temperature. • With the substitution of Cu for Ni, compounds form a complicated magnetic structure

Microstructure and mechanical behavior of a shape memory Ni-Ti bi-layer thin film

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohri, Maryam [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Nili-Ahmadabadi, Mahmoud, E-mail: nili@ut.ac.ir [School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Center of Excellence for High Performance Materials, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Ivanisenko, Julia [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Schwaiger, Ruth [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Applied Materials, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Hahn, Horst; Chakravadhanula, Venkata Sai Kiran [Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany)

2015-05-29

Two different single-layers and a bi-layer Ni-Ti thin films with chemical compositions of Ni{sub 45}Ti{sub 50}Cu{sub 5}, Ni{sub 50.8}Ti{sub 49.2} and Ni{sub 50.8}Ti{sub 49.2}/Ni{sub 45}Ti{sub 50}Cu{sub 5} (numbers indicate at.%) determined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were deposited on Si (111) substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. The structures, surface morphology and transformation temperatures of annealed thin films at 500 °C for 15 min and 1 h were studied using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. Nanoindentation was used to characterize the mechanical properties. The DSC and X-ray diffraction results indicated the austenitic structure of the Ni{sub 50.8}Ti{sub 49.2} and martensitic structure of the Ni{sub 45}Ti{sub 50}Cu{sub 5} thin films while the bi-layer was composed of austenitic and martensitic thin films. TEM study revealed that copper encourages crystallization in the bi-layer such that crystal structure containing nano-precipitates in the Ni{sub 45}Ti{sub 50}Cu{sub 5} layer was detected after 15 min annealing while the Ni{sub 50.8}Ti{sub 49.2} layer crystallized after 60 min at 500 °C. Furthermore, after annealing at 500 °C for 15 min, a precipitate free zone and thin layer amorphous were observed closely to the interface in the top layer. The bi-layer was completely crystallized at 500 °C for 1 h and the orientation of the Ni-rich precipitates indicated a stress gradient in the bi-layer. The bi-layer thin film showed different transformation temperatures and mechanical behavior from the single-layers. The developed bi-layer has different phase transformation temperatures, the higher temperatures of shape memory effect and lower temperature of pseudo-elastic behavior compared to the single-layers. Also, the bi-layer thin film exhibited a combined pseudo-elastic behavior and shape memory effect with a reduced

Designing a New Ni-Mn-Sn Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy with Excellent Performance by Cu Addition

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kun Zhang

2018-02-01

Full Text Available Both magnetic-field-induced reverse martensitic transformation (MFIRMT and a high working temperature are crucial for the application of Ni-Mn-Sn magnetic shape memory alloys. Here, by first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the substitution of Cu for Sn is effective not only in enhancing the MFIRMT but also in increasing martensitic transformation, which is advantageous for its application. Large magnetization difference (ΔM in Ni-Mn-Sn alloy is achieved by Cu doping, which arises from the enhancement of magnetization of austenite due to the change of Mn-Mn interaction from anti-ferromagnetism to ferromagnetism. This directly leads to the enhancement of MFIRMT. Meanwhile, the martensitic transformation shifts to higher temperature, owing to the energy difference between the austenite L21 structure and the tetragonal martensite L10 structure increases by Cu doping. The results provide the theoretical data and the direction for developing a high temperature magnetic-field-induced shape memory alloy with large ΔM in the Ni-Mn-Sn Heusler alloy system.

Production and characterization of stainless steel based Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si(-Co) shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Otubo, J.

1995-01-01

It is well known that the Fe based alloys can exhibit shape memory effect due to the γ to ε martensitic transformation. The effect may not be as striking as observed in the NiTi alloy but it might become attractive from the practical point of view. In this work, two compositions of Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si(-Co) stainless steel based shape memory alloy, prepared by the VIM technique, will be presented. The results are good with shape recovery of 95% for a pre-strain of 4% after some training cycles. In terms of workability the alloys produced are worse than the usual AISI304. However, adjusting the thermo-mechanical processing, it is perfectly possible to produce wire as thin as 1,20mm in dia. or down. (orig.)

NiTi shape memory via solid-state nudge-elastic band

Science.gov (United States)

Zarkevich, Nikolai A.; Johnson, Duane D.

2014-03-01

We determine atomic mechanisms of the shape memory effect in NiTi from a generalized solid-state nudge elastic band (SSNEB) method. We consider transformation between the austenite B2 and the ground-state base-centered orthorhombic (BCO) structures. In these pathways we obtain the R-phase and discuss its structure. We confirm that BCO is the ground state, and determine the pathways to BCO martensite, which dictate transition barriers. While ideal B2 is unstable, we find a B2-like NiTi high-temperature solid phase with significant local displacement disorder, which is B2 on average. This B2-like phase appears to be entropically stabilized. This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Science and Engineering. Ames Laboratory is operated for the U.S. DOE by Iowa State University under contract DE-AC02-07CH11358.

Homogeneous (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 intermetallic compound joints rapidly formed in asymmetrical Ni/Sn/Cu system using ultrasound-induced transient liquid phase soldering process.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Z L; Dong, H J; Song, X G; Zhao, H Y; Tian, H; Liu, J H; Feng, J C; Yan, J C

2018-04-01

Homogeneous (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 intermetallic compound (IMC) joints were rapidly formed in asymmetrical Ni/Sn/Cu system by an ultrasound-induced transient liquid phase (TLP) soldering process. In the traditional TLP soldering process, the intermetallic joints formed in Ni/Sn/Cu system consisted of major (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 and minor Cu 3 Sn IMCs, and the grain morphology of (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 IMCs subsequently exhibited fine rounded, needlelike and coarse rounded shapes from the Ni side to the Cu side, which was highly in accordance with the Ni concentration gradient across the joints. However, in the ultrasound-induced TLP soldering process, the intermetallic joints formed in Ni/Sn/Cu system only consisted of the (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 IMCs which exhibited an uniform grain morphology of rounded shape with a remarkably narrowed Ni concentration gradient. The ultrasound-induced homogeneous intermetallic joints exhibited higher shear strength (61.6 MPa) than the traditional heterogeneous intermetallic joints (49.8 MPa). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Neutron diffraction study of dense-Kondo compound CeNi2Al5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munoz, A.; Givord, F.; Boucherie, J.X.; Flouquet, J.; Isikawa, Y.; Mizushima, T.; Sakurai, J.; Mori, K.; Oliveira, I.S.

1993-01-01

Intermetallic CeNi 2 Al 5 is a dense-Kondo compound with a magnetic transition temperature at 2.6 K. We have carried out a neutron diffraction measurement to study a magnetic structure of CeNi 2 Al 5 using a powder sample and a single crystalline sample. It is found that the magnetic structure is an incommensurate sinusoidal one with a propagation vector k = (0.5, 0.405, 0.083) and that the amplitude of magnetic moment is 1.54 μ Β and the direction of magnetic moment is declined 8 deg. from the b-axis toward the a-axis. (authors). 3 refs., 2 figs

Gd-Ni-Si system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bodak, O.I.; Shvets, A.F.

1983-01-01

By X-ray phase analysis method isothermal cross section of phase diagram of the Gd-Ni-Si system at 870 K is studied. The existence of nine previously known compounds (GdNisub(6.72)Sisub(6.28), GdNi 10 Si 2 , GdNi 5 Si 3 , GdNi 4 Si, GdNi 2 Si 2 , GdNiSi 3 , GdNiSi 2 , Gd 3 Ni 6 Si 2 and GdNiSi) is confirmed and three new compounds (GdNisub(0.2)Sisub(1.8), Gdsub(2)Nisub(1-0.8)Sisub(1-1.2), Gd 5 NiSi 4 ) are found. On the base of Gd 2 Si 3 compound up to 0.15 at. Ni fractions, an interstitial solid solution is formed up to 0.25 at Ni fractions dissolution continues of substitution type. The Gd-Ni-Si system is similar to the Y-Ni-Si system

Tensile and superelastic fatigue characterization of NiTi shape memory cables

Science.gov (United States)

Sherif, Muhammad M.; Ozbulut, Osman E.

2018-01-01

This paper discusses the tensile response and functional fatigue characteristics of a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) cable with an outer diameter of 5.5 mm. The cable composed of multiple strands arranged as one inner core and two outer layers. The results of the tensile tests revealed that the SMA cable exhibits good superelastic behavior up to 10% strain. Fatigue characteristics were investigated under strain amplitudes ranging from 3% to 7% and a minimum of 2500 loading cycles. The evolutions of maximum tensile stress, residual strains, energy dissipation, and equivalent viscous damping under a number of loading cycles were analyzed. The fracture surface of a specimen subjected to 5000 loading cycles and 7% strain was discussed. Functional fatigue test results indicated a very high superelastic fatigue life cycle for the tested NiTi SMA cable.

Processing of Ni30Pt20Ti50 High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloy Into Thin Rod Demonstrated

Science.gov (United States)

Noebe, Ronald D.; Draper, Susan L.; Biles, Tiffany A.; Leonhardt, Todd

2005-01-01

High-temperature shape-memory alloys (HTSMAs) based on nickel-titanium (NiTi) with significant ternary additions of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), or hafnium (Hf) have been identified as potential high-temperature actuator materials for use up to 500 C. These materials provide an enabling technology for the development of "smart structures" used to control the noise, emissions, or efficiency of gas turbine engines. The demand for these high-temperature versions of conventional shape-memory alloys also has been growing in the automotive, process control, and energy industries. However these materials, including the NiPtTi alloys being developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center, will never find widespread acceptance unless they can be readily processed into useable forms.

Thermomechanical behavior of Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni shape memory alloys modified with samarium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shakoor, R.A.; Khalid, F. Ahmad

2009-01-01

The deformation and training behavior of Fe-14Mn-3Si-10Cr-5Ni (wt.%) shape memory alloys containing samarium addition has been studied in the iron-based shape memory alloys. It is noticed that thermomechanical treatment (training) has significant influence on proof stress, critical stress and shape memory behavior of the alloys. The improvement in shape memory behavior can be attributed to the decrease in the proof stress and critical stress which facilitates the formation of ε (hcp martensite). It is also observed that alloy 2 containing samarium undergoes less softening as compared to alloy 1 with training which inhibits the formation of α (bcc martensite) and thus enhances the shape memory behavior. The excessive thermomechanical treatment with increase in the training cycle has led to the formation of α (bcc martensite) along with ε (hcp martensite) in the alloy 1 which appeared to have decline in the shape memory effect. This has been demonstrated by the examination of microstructure and identification of α (bcc martensite) martensite in the alloy 1 as compared to alloy 2

Effect of Ta Additions on the Microstructure, Damping, and Shape Memory Behaviour of Prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Safaa N. Saud

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The influence of Ta additions on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys was investigated in this paper. The addition of Ta significantly affects the green and porosity densities; the minimum percentage of porosity was observed with the modified prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni-2.0 wt.% Ta. The phase transformation temperatures were shifted towards the highest values after Ta was added. Based on the damping capacity results, the alloy of Cu-Al-Ni-3.0 wt.% Ta has very high internal friction with the maximum equivalent internal friction value twice as high as that of the prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni SMA. Moreover, the prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni SMAs with the addition of 2.0 wt.% Ta exhibited the highest shape recovery ratio in the first cycle (i.e., 100% recovery, and when the number of cycles is increased, this ratio tends to decrease. On the other hand, the modified alloys with 1.0 and 3.0 wt.% Ta implied a linear increment in the shape recovery ratio with increasing number of cycles. Polarization tests in NaCl solution showed that the corrosion resistance of Cu-Al-Ni-Ta SMA improved with escalating Ta concentration as shown by lower corrosion current densities, higher corrosion potential, and formation of stable passive film.

Effect of Ta Additions on the Microstructure, Damping, and Shape Memory Behaviour of Prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloys.

Science.gov (United States)

Saud, Safaa N; Hamzah, E; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H R; Abubakar, T

2017-01-01

The influence of Ta additions on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys was investigated in this paper. The addition of Ta significantly affects the green and porosity densities; the minimum percentage of porosity was observed with the modified prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni-2.0 wt.% Ta. The phase transformation temperatures were shifted towards the highest values after Ta was added. Based on the damping capacity results, the alloy of Cu-Al-Ni-3.0 wt.% Ta has very high internal friction with the maximum equivalent internal friction value twice as high as that of the prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni SMA. Moreover, the prealloyed Cu-Al-Ni SMAs with the addition of 2.0 wt.% Ta exhibited the highest shape recovery ratio in the first cycle (i.e., 100% recovery), and when the number of cycles is increased, this ratio tends to decrease. On the other hand, the modified alloys with 1.0 and 3.0 wt.% Ta implied a linear increment in the shape recovery ratio with increasing number of cycles. Polarization tests in NaCl solution showed that the corrosion resistance of Cu-Al-Ni-Ta SMA improved with escalating Ta concentration as shown by lower corrosion current densities, higher corrosion potential, and formation of stable passive film.

Impurity induced antiferromagnetic order in Haldane gap compound SrNi2-xMgxV2O8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pahari, B.; Ghoshray, K.; Ghoshray, A.; Samanta, T.; Das, I.

2007-01-01

The effect of nonmagnetic Mg 2+ doping in SrNi 2 V 2 O 8 , a Haldane gap system with a disordered ground state, was investigated using DC magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements in polycrystalline samples of SrNi 2-x Mg x V 2 O 8 with x=0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1 and 0.14. The results clearly reveal that the substitution of Ni 2+ (S=1) ion by Mg 2+ (S=0) ion induces a magnetic phase transition with the ordering temperatures lying in the range 3.4-4.3K, for the samples with lowest and highest value of x. The intrachain exchange constant (J/k B ) and the Haldane gap (Δ) for all the compounds were estimated to be ∼98+/-2 and 25K, respectively, which are close to that of the undoped compound. The magnetization data further suggest that the compounds exhibit metamagnetic behavior below T N , supporting a picture of antiferromagnet with significant magnetic anisotropy and competing intrachain and interchain interactions

The High Performance Shape Memory Effect (HP-SME in Ni Rich NiTi Wires: In Situ X-Ray Diffraction on Thermal Cycling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Coduri Mauro

2015-01-01

Full Text Available A novel approach for using Shape Memory Alloys (SMA was recently proposed and named highperformance shape memory effect (HP-SME. The HP-SME exploits the thermal cycling of stress-induced martensite for producing extremely high mechanical work with a very stable functional fatigue behaviour in Ni rich NiTi alloy. The latter was found to differ significantly from the functional fatigue behaviour observed for conventional SMA. This study was undertaken in order to elucidate the microstructural modifications at the basis of this particular feature. To this purpose, the functional fatigue was coupled to in situ Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Diffraction, by recording patterns on wires thermally cycled by Joule effect under a constant applied stress (800 MPa. The accurate analysis the line profile XRD data suggests the accumulation of defects upon functional cycling, while the fibre texture was not observed to change. The functional fatigue exhibits a very similar behaviour as the line broadening of XRD peaks, thus suggesting the accumulation of dislocations as the origin of the mechanism of the permanent deformation.

GRAIN-REFINEMENT AND THE RELATED PHENOMENA IN QUATERNARY Cu-Al-Ni-Ti SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS

OpenAIRE

Sugimoto , K.; Kamei , K.; Matsumoto , H.; Komatsu , S.; Akamatsu , K.; Sugimoto , T.

1982-01-01

It was reported that the addition of a small amount of titanium (0.5 - 3.99%) to a Cu-13.93%Al-3.36%Ni ternary alloy resulted in a remarkable grain-refining. The original grain-size of about 750 microns under hot-rolled and quenched conditions of the ternary alloy was reduced to that of the order of about 100 microns by addition of tiatanium. It was suggested that several technical improvements of the mechanical properties of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys, such as better formability, less crac...

The Effect of Heat Treatment on the Thermo-Elastic Behavior of Ti Ni Shape Memory Alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahmed, K.

2008-01-01

The Ti-Ni shape memory alloys are used in industrial, medical and biological applications because of their outstanding mechanical properties . Research work has been done to design a remote handling unit using such alloy to work in a high neutron irradiated areas .The pre-alloyed powder is supplied by Memory-Metalle GmbH with composition Ti-49.5 at % Ni. The Metal Injection Molding (MIM) technique has been used to fabricate the alloy and subsequent different heat treatments, spectroscopic and thermal analysis have been done to test the alloy performance. Regarding to this pre-alloyed powder composition, the thermo-elastic behavior is perfect. Transformation temperature in the range 27 degree C - 63 degree C has been achieved .The final sintering quality is not satisfactory. The results show that the proposed heat treatments are not able to release the generated internal stress

Laser Shock Wave-Assisted Patterning on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Ilhom, Saidjafarzoda; Seyitliyev, Dovletgeldi; Kholikov, Khomidkohodza; Thomas, Zachary; Er, Ali O.; Li, Peizhen; Karaca, Haluk E.; San, Omer

2018-01-01

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a unique class of smart materials and they were employed in various applications in engineering, biomedical, and aerospace technologies. Here, we report an advanced, efficient, and low-cost direct imprinting method with low environmental impact to create thermally controllable surface patterns. Patterned microindents were generated on Ni50Ti50 (at. %) SMAs using an Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength at 10 Hz. Laser pulses at selected fluences were focused on the NiTi surface and generated pressure pulses of up to a few GPa. Optical microscope images showed that surface patterns with tailorable sizes can be obtained. The depth of the patterns increases with laser power and irradiation time. Upon heating, the depth profile of SMA surfaces changed where the maximum depth recovery ratio of 30% was observed. Recovery ratio decreased and stabilized when the number of pulses and thus the well depth were further increased. A numerical simulation of pressure evolution in shape memory alloys showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The stress wave closely followed the rise time of the laser pulse to its peak value and initial decay. Rapid attenuation and dispersion of the stress wave were found in our simulation.

Laser Shock Wave-Assisted Patterning on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Ilhom, Saidjafarzoda; Seyitliyev, Dovletgeldi; Kholikov, Khomidkohodza; Thomas, Zachary; Er, Ali O.; Li, Peizhen; Karaca, Haluk E.; San, Omer

2018-03-01

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a unique class of smart materials and they were employed in various applications in engineering, biomedical, and aerospace technologies. Here, we report an advanced, efficient, and low-cost direct imprinting method with low environmental impact to create thermally controllable surface patterns. Patterned microindents were generated on Ni50Ti50 (at. %) SMAs using an Nd:YAG laser with 1064 nm wavelength at 10 Hz. Laser pulses at selected fluences were focused on the NiTi surface and generated pressure pulses of up to a few GPa. Optical microscope images showed that surface patterns with tailorable sizes can be obtained. The depth of the patterns increases with laser power and irradiation time. Upon heating, the depth profile of SMA surfaces changed where the maximum depth recovery ratio of 30% was observed. Recovery ratio decreased and stabilized when the number of pulses and thus the well depth were further increased. A numerical simulation of pressure evolution in shape memory alloys showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The stress wave closely followed the rise time of the laser pulse to its peak value and initial decay. Rapid attenuation and dispersion of the stress wave were found in our simulation.

Laser beam welding of NiTi-shape memory alloys; Laserstrahl-Schweissen von NiTi-Formgedaechtnislegierungen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Haas, T.

1996-04-01

Using a Nd:YAG laser, the weldability of binary nickel-titanium shape memory alloys containing 50.0 and 48.5 at.-% Ti respectively was investigated. By tensile tests within a temperature range of -80 C to +200 C the mechanical properties of the laser welded joints were examined. Changes in the transformation behaviour were detected by calorimetric measurements (DSC method). The stress-strain behaviour was attributed to the microstructure of the welds, revealed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), the mechanisms of failure were examined. Joints of the martensitic Ti-rich alloy were brittle, showing an ultimate tensile strength of 600 MPa, corresponding to half of the value of the base material. The reduction in strength was explained by the formation of Ti{sub 2}Ni precipitations along grain boundaries in the weld. Since the welds still exhibited twin deformation, pseudoplastic strains of 7% were achieved. Ultimate strength data showed a very low scatter. Therefore it was possible to use the shape memory effect up to a strain of 6% without failure. After a total elongation to 6% strain, the laser welded joints showed a free recovery with an amnesia of 0.3%. The shape memory effect was shown to be retained in the laser welded joints. 154 refs.

Influence of Silver nanoparticles addition on the phase transformation, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saud, Safaa N.; Hamzah, E., E-mail: esah@fkm.utm.my; Abubakar, T.; Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R.; Farahany, S.; Abdolahi, A.; Taheri, M.M.

2014-11-05

Highlights: • Thermal analysis showed four different phase β, α, NiAl and γ2 during solidification. • The martensite appeared in the microstructure as a plate and needle like shape. • Shape recovery ratio of 80% was obtained after Ag nanoparticles addition. • Effect of Ag nanoparticles on the corrosion behaviour of Cu–Al–Ni SMA was investigated. - Abstract: Incorporation of silver nanoparticles into Cu-based shape memory alloys is recommended to enhance their phase transformation behaviour. However, this incorporation can affect their transformation temperatures, mechanical, microstructural and corrosion characteristics. Four different phase reactions β, α, NiAl and γ{sub 2} were detected on a derivative curve during the solidification by-computer-aided cooling curve thermal analysis. The highest fraction solid (82%) was calculated for the parent phase (β) based on the Newtonian baseline method. The microstructural changes and mechanical properties were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction tensile test and shape memory effect test. It was found that the addition of Ag can control the phase morphology and orientations along with the formation of the Ag-rich precipitates, and thus the tensile strength, elongation, fracture stress–strain, yield strength and shape memory effect are improved. Remarkably, the shape recovery ratio reached approximately 80% of the original shape. The corrosion behaviour of the Cu–Al–Ni shape memory alloy were investigated using electrochemical tests in NaCl solution and their results showed that the corrosion potential (E{sub corr}) of Cu–Al–Ni SMA is shifted towards the nobler direction from −307.4 to −277.1 m V{sub SCE} with the addition of 0.25 wt.% Ag.

Static critical phenomena in Co-Ni-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sethi, Brahmananda; Sarma, S.; Srinivasan, A.; Santra, S. B.

2014-01-01

Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys are smart materials because they exhibit temperature driven shape memory effect and magnetic field induced strain. Thus two types of energy, i.e. thermal and magnetic, are used to control their shape memory behaviour. Study of critical phenomenon in such materials has received increased experimental and theoretical attention for better understanding of the magnetic phase transition behavior as well as further development of ferromagnetic shape memory materials. In the present study we report the preparation and characterization of bulk Co 45 Ni 25 Ga 30 alloy, prepared by a sequence of arc melting technique followed by homogenization at 1150 °C for 24 hours and ice-water quenching. Structural and magnetic properties of the alloys were studied by means of X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer in an applied field range of ±18 kOe equipped with a high temperature oven. We have determined the critical temperature T C (∼375.5 K) and the critical exponents viz; β=0.40, γ=1.68 and δ=5.2. Asymptotic critical exponents β, γ, and δ obey Widom scaling relation, γ+β=βδ, and the magnetization data satisfy the scaling equation of state for second-order phase transition in the asymptotic critical region

The tensile behavior of Ti36Ni49Hf15 high temperature shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Y.Q.; Zheng, Y.F.; Cai, W.; Zhao, L.C.

1999-01-01

Recently, ternary Ti-Ni-Hf alloys have attracted great interest in the field of high temperature shape memory materials research and development. Extensive studies have been made on its manufacture process, constitutional phases, phase transformation behavior, the structure, substructure and interface structure of martensite and the precipitation behavior during ageing. Yet up to date there is no report about the fundamental mechanical properties of Ti-Ni-Hf alloys, such as the stress-strain data, the variation laws of the yield strength and elongation with the temperature. In the present study, tensile tests at various temperatures are employed to investigate the mechanical behavior of Ti-Ni-Hf alloy with different matrix structures, from full martensite to full parent phase structure, with the corresponding deformation mechanism discussed

Oxidation Kinetics of a NiPtTi High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Smialek, James L.; Humphrey, Donald L.; Noebe, Ronald D.

2007-01-01

A high temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA), Ni30Pt50Ti, with an M(sub s) near 600 C, was isothermally oxidized in air for 100 hr over the temperature range of 500 to 900 C. Parabolic kinetics were confirmed by log-log and parabolic plots and showed no indication of fast transient oxidation. The overall behavior could be best described by the Arrhenius relationship: k(sub p) = 1.64 x 10(exp 12)[(-250 kJ/mole)/RT] mg(sup 2)/cm(sup 4)hr. This is about a factor of 4 reduction compared to values measured here for a binary Ni47Ti commercial SMA. The activation energy agreed with most literature values for TiO2 scale growth measured for elemental Ti and other NiTi alloys. Assuming uniform alloy depletion of a 20 mil (0.5 mm) dia. HTSMA wire, approx. 1 percent Ti reduction is predicted after 20,000 hr oxidation at 500 C, but becomes much more serious at higher temperatures.

Laser shock wave assisted patterning on NiTi shape memory alloy surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Seyitliyev, Dovletgeldi; Li, Peizhen; Kholikov, Khomidkhodza; Grant, Byron; Karaca, Haluk E.; Er, Ali O.

2017-02-01

An advanced direct imprinting method with low cost, quick, and less environmental impact to create thermally controllable surface pattern using the laser pulses is reported. Patterned micro indents were generated on Ni50Ti50 shape memory alloys (SMA) using an Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm combined with suitable transparent overlay, a sacrificial layer of graphite, and copper grid. Laser pulses at different energy densities which generates pressure pulses up to 10 GPa on the surface was focused through the confinement medium, ablating the copper grid to create plasma and transferring the grid pattern onto the NiTi surface. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope images of square pattern with different sizes were studied. One dimensional profile analysis shows that the depth of the patterned sample initially increase linearly with the laser energy until 125 mJ/pulse where the plasma further absorbs and reflects the laser beam. In addition, light the microscope image show that the surface of NiTi alloy was damaged due to the high power laser energy which removes the graphite layer.

Reaction of intermetallic compounds of the ScT composition (T=Ag, Cu, Zn, Ni) with hydrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shilkin, S.P.; Volkova, L.S.; Tarasov, B.P.

1995-01-01

Reaction of intermetallic compounds of ScT composition (T=Ag, Cu, Zn, Ni), crystallized in CsCl structural type, with hydrogen at 0.2-10 MPa pressure and 293-673 K temperature is studied by chemical, x-ray phase and complex thermogravimetry analysis methods. It is shown that under such conditions hydrogen absorption by ScAg and ScCu is accompanied by the decay of their source matrices into scandium dihydride and metal silver and copper respectively. For ScZn a fine-dispersion mixture of scandium dihydride with zinc and hydride phase of a new zinc-containing intermetallic compound appears to be the finite reaction product. In case of ScNi a hydride phase of ScNiH 2.6 composition is produced, which is crystallized in a rhombic syngony with the lattice periods: a=0.5281±0.0007, b=0.7393±0.0009 and c=0.3327±0.0004 nm. 9 refs.; 2 tabs

Effect of Substrate Roughness on Adhesion and Structural Properties of Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloy Thin Film.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Donghwan; Lee, Hyunsuk; Bae, Joohyeon; Jeong, Hyomin; Choi, Byeongkeun; Nam, Taehyun; Noh, Jungpil

2018-09-01

Ti-Ni shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films are very attractive material for industrial and medical applications such as micro-actuator, micro-sensors, and stents for blood vessels. An important property besides shape memory effect in the application of SMA thin films is the adhesion between the film and the substrate. When using thin films as micro-actuators or micro-sensors in MEMS, the film must be strongly adhered to the substrate. On the other hand, when using SMA thin films in medical devices such as stents, the deposited alloy thin film must be easily separable from the substrate for efficient processing. In this study, we investigated the effect of substrate roughness on the adhesion of Ti-Ni SMA thin films, as well as the structural properties and phase-transformation behavior of the fabricated films. Ti-Ni SMA thin films were deposited onto etched glass substrates with magnetron sputtering. Radio frequency plasma was used for etching the substrate. The adhesion properties were investigated through progressive scratch test. Structural properties of the films were determined via Feld emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Phase transformation behaviors were observed with differential scanning calorimetry and low temperature-XRD. Ti-Ni SMA thin film deposited onto rough substrate provides higher adhesive strength than smooth substrate. However the roughness of the substrate has no influence on the growth and crystallization of the Ti-Ni SMA thin films.

Effects of annealing and deforming temperature on microstructure and deformation characteristics of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

He Zhirong, E-mail: hezhirong01@163.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723003 (China); Liu Manqian [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723003 (China)

2012-07-25

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The deformation behaviors of annealed Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V shape memory alloy (SMA) were given. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of annealing temperature on microstructure and deformation characteristics of Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V SMA was shown. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The effect of deforming temperature on deformation characteristics of Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V SMA was given. - Abstract: Effects of annealing temperature T{sub an} and deforming temperature T{sub d} on microstructure and deformation characteristics of Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V (atomic fraction, %) shape memory alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy and tensile test. With increasing T{sub an}, the microstructure of Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V alloy wire changes from fiber style to equiaxed grain, and the recrystallization temperature of the alloy is about 580 Degree-Sign C; the critical stress for stress-induced martensite {sigma}{sub M} of the alloy decreases first and then increases, and the minimum value 382 MPa is got at T{sub an} = 450 Degree-Sign C; the residual strain {epsilon}{sub R} first increases, then decreases, and then increases, and its maximum value 2.5% is reached at T{sub an} = 450 Degree-Sign C. With increasing T{sub d}, a transformation from shape memory effect (SME) to superelasticity (SE) occurs in the alloy annealed at different temperatures, and the SME {yields} SE transformation temperature was affected by T{sub an}; the {sigma}{sub M} of the alloy increases linearly; the {epsilon}{sub R} of the alloy annealed at 350-600 Degree-Sign C decreases first and then tends to constant, while that of the alloy annealed at 650 Degree-Sign C and 700 Degree-Sign C decreases first and then increases. To get an excellent SE at room temperature for Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V alloy, T{sub an} should be 500-600 Degree-Sign C.

CuNi Nanoparticles Assembled on Graphene for Catalytic Methanolysis of Ammonia Borane and Hydrogenation of Nitro/Nitrile Compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu, Chao

2017-01-01

Here we report a solution phase synthesis of 16 nm CuNi nanoparticles (NPs) with the Cu/Ni composition control. These NPs are assembled on graphene (G) and show Cu/Ni composition-dependent catalysis for methanolysis of ammonia borane (AB) and hydrogenation of aromatic nitro (nitrile) compounds to primary amines in methanol at room temperature. Among five different CuNi NPs studied, the G-Cu 36 Ni 64 NPs are the best catalyst for both AB methanolysis (TOF = 49.1 mol H2 mol CuNi -1 min -1 and E a = 24.4 kJ/mol) and hydrogenation reactions (conversion yield >97%). In conclusion, the G-CuNi represents a unique noble-metal-free catalyst for hydrogenation reactions in a green environment without using pure hydrogen.

Ab initio study of the compound-energy modeling of multisublattice structures: The (hP6) Ni2In-type intermetallics of the Ni–In–Sn system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ramos de Debiaggi, S.; González Lemus, N.V.; Deluque Toro, C.; Fernández Guillermet, A.

2015-01-01

Highlights: • A DFT study of the compounds involved in CALPHAD modeling of the Ni–In–Sn (hP6) phase. • Several three-sublattice compounds of Ni, In, Sn and vacancies are studied ab initio. • Structural, cohesive and thermodynamic properties and the electronic DOS are reported. • Trends in calculated properties are correlated with changes in electronic structure. • A picture of the chemical bonding trends for these s-p/d type compounds is discussed. - Abstract: The thermodynamic modeling of non-stoichiometric, multisublattice intermetallic phases using the Compound-Energy Formalism (CEF) involves the determination of parameters representing the Gibbs energy (G m ) of binary compounds, the so-called “end-member compounds” (EMCs), which are often metastable or hypothetical. In current CALPHAD (i.e., “Calculation of Phase Diagrams”) work, these quantities are treated as free parameters to be determined by searching for the best fit to the available information in the optimization procedure. The general purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical approach to the study of the EMCs which makes use of density-functional-theory (DFT) ab initio calculations. The present method is applied to the EMCs involved in the CEF modeling of the non-stoichiometric (hP6) Ni 2 In-structure type phase of the Ni–In and Ni–In–Sn systems using the three-sublattice models (Ni) 1 (Ni,Va) 1 (In,Ni) 1 and (Ni,Va) 1 (Ni,Va) 1 (In,Ni,Sn) 1 , respectively. By means of systematic ab initio projected augmented waves (PAW) calculations using the VASP code we study the EMCs involved in the CEF formulations of the G m for this phase in the binary and the ternary systems. Specifically, we study the twelve EMCs corresponding to the following sublattice occupations: (Ni) 1 (Ni) 1 (In) 1 , which is usually described as Ni:Ni:In (i.e., a compound with formula “Ni 2 In”), Ni:Ni:Ni (i.e., “Ni 3 ”), Ni:Ni:Sn (“Ni 2 Sn”), Ni:Va:In (i.e., “NiIn”), Ni:Va:Ni (i

Energetics of intrinsic defects in NiO and the consequences for its resistive random access memory performance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dawson, J. A., E-mail: jad95@cam.ac.uk; Guo, Y.; Robertson, J. [Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ (United Kingdom)

2015-09-21

Energetics for a variety of intrinsic defects in NiO are calculated using state-of-the-art ab initio hybrid density functional theory calculations. At the O-rich limit, Ni vacancies are the lowest cost defect for all Fermi energies within the gap, in agreement with the well-known p-type behaviour of NiO. However, the ability of the metal electrode in a resistive random access memory metal-oxide-metal setup to shift the oxygen chemical potential towards the O-poor limit results in unusual NiO behaviour and O vacancies dominating at lower Fermi energy levels. Calculated band diagrams show that O vacancies in NiO are positively charged at the operating Fermi energy giving it the advantage of not requiring a scavenger metal layer to maximise drift. Ni and O interstitials are generally found to be higher in energy than the respective vacancies suggesting that significant recombination of O vacancies and interstitials does not take place as proposed in some models of switching behaviour.

Energetics of intrinsic defects in NiO and the consequences for its resistive random access memory performance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dawson, J. A.; Guo, Y.; Robertson, J.

2015-01-01

Energetics for a variety of intrinsic defects in NiO are calculated using state-of-the-art ab initio hybrid density functional theory calculations. At the O-rich limit, Ni vacancies are the lowest cost defect for all Fermi energies within the gap, in agreement with the well-known p-type behaviour of NiO. However, the ability of the metal electrode in a resistive random access memory metal-oxide-metal setup to shift the oxygen chemical potential towards the O-poor limit results in unusual NiO behaviour and O vacancies dominating at lower Fermi energy levels. Calculated band diagrams show that O vacancies in NiO are positively charged at the operating Fermi energy giving it the advantage of not requiring a scavenger metal layer to maximise drift. Ni and O interstitials are generally found to be higher in energy than the respective vacancies suggesting that significant recombination of O vacancies and interstitials does not take place as proposed in some models of switching behaviour

Powder Metallurgy Fabrication of Porous 51(at.%)Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Ibrahim, Mustafa K.; Hamzah, E.; Saud, Safaa N.; Nazim, E. M.

2018-05-01

The effect of time and temperature on the microwave sintering of 51(at.%)Ni-Ti shape memory alloys (SMAs) was investigated in the current research. Furthermore, the microstructure, mechanical properties, and bio-corrosion properties were analyzed based on the sintering conditions. The results revealed that the sintering condition of 700 °C for 15 min produced a part with coherent surface survey that does not exhibit gross defects. Increasing the sintering time and temperature created defects on the outer surface, while reducing the temperature to 550 °C severely affected the mechanical properties. The microstructure of these samples showed two regions of Ni-rich region and Ti-rich region between them Ti2Ni, NiTi, and Ni3Ti phases. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves of Ni-Ti samples exhibited a multi-step phase transformation B19'-R-B2 during heating and cooling. An increase in the sintering temperature from 550 to 700 °C was found to increase the fracture strength significantly and decreased the fracture strain slightly. Reducing the sintering temperature from 700 to 550 °C severely affected the corrosion behaviors of 51%Ni-Ti SMAs. This research aims to select the optimum parameters to produce Ni-Ti alloys with desired microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors for biomedical applications.

Nanoscale compositional analysis of NiTi shape memory alloy films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sharma, S. K.; Mohan, S. [Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012 (India); Bysakh, S. [Central Glass and Ceramics Research Institute, Kolkata-700032 (India); Kumar, A.; Kamat, S. V. [Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory, Hyderabad-500058 (India)

2013-11-15

The formation of surface oxide layer as well as compositional changes along the thickness for NiTi shape memory alloy thin films deposited by direct current magnetron sputtering at substrate temperature of 300 °C in the as-deposited condition as well as in the postannealed (at 600 °C) condition have been thoroughly studied by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy techniques. Formation of titanium oxide (predominantly titanium dioxide) layer was observed in both as-deposited and postannealed NiTi films, although the oxide layer was much thinner (8 nm) in as-deposited condition. The depletion of Ti and enrichment of Ni below the oxide layer in postannealed films also resulted in the formation of a graded microstructure consisting of titanium oxide, Ni{sub 3}Ti, and B2 NiTi. A uniform composition of B2 NiTi was obtained in the postannealed film only below a depth of 200–250 nm from the surface. Postannealed film also exhibited formation of a ternary silicide (Ni{sub x}Ti{sub y}Si) at the film–substrate interface, whereas no silicide was seen in the as-deposited film. The formation of silicide also caused a depletion of Ni in the film in a region ∼250–300 nm just above the film substrate interface.

Effects of 7-NI and ODQ on memory in the passive avoidance, novel object recognition, and social transmission of food preference tests in mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Akar, Furuzan; Mutlu, Oguz; Komsuoglu Celikyurt, Ipek; Bektas, Emine; Tanyeri, Pelin; Ulak, Guner; Erden, Faruk

2014-03-19

Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger that plays a critical role in learning and memory processes. Effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors on cognitive function remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of an NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), and a GC inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on different aspects of memory in passive avoidance (PA), novel object recognition (NOR), and social transmission of food preference (STFP) tests. Male Balb-c mice were treated intraperitoneally with 7-NI (15 mg/kg), ODQ (3,10 mg/kg), L-arginine (100 mg/kg) + 7-NI (15 mg/kg), or physiological saline. ODQ (10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly decreased second-day latency in PA test. 7-NI (15 mg/kg) and ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the ratio index in the NOR test. 7-NI and ODQ (10 mg/kg) decreased cued/non-cued food eaten in STFP test. Amount of time spent in center zone significantly increased in ODQ (10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) groups in open field test, but there was no effect on total distance moved and speed of animals. ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly increased number of entries into new compartments in exploratory activity apparatus, while 7-NI had no effect. Administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg) before 7-NI reversed 7-NI-induced effects, supporting the role of NO in cognition. Our results confirm that inhibition of NO/cGMP/GS pathway might disturb emotional, visual, and olfactory memory in mice. Also, 7-NI and ODQ had anxiolytic effects in open field test, and ODQ also enhanced exploratory activity.

Shape memory effect of Fe-14% Mn-6% Si-9% Cr-6% Ni alloy polycrystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Inagaki, Hirosuke

1992-01-01

Factors affecting the shape memory effect in Fe-14% Mn-6% Si-9% Cr-6% Ni alloy polycrystals were studied in detail. It was found that the shape memory effect in this alloy was most influenced by the amount of deformation. With increasing amount of deformation, the shape memory effect diminished appreciably. Although the fraction of the initial dimensional change that could be restored was about 45% in the specimen strained by 4%, only 21% of the initial dimensional change was recovered in the specimen strained by 9%. Temperatures of deformation were found to be also an important factor that affected the shape memory effect. The maximum shape memory effect was observed in the specimens strained at temperatures between the M s and M d temperatures. In this alloy, however, specimens strained at temperatures below the M s temperature indicated a relatively large shape memory effect, too. It was further found that the shape memory effect was appreciably intensified by repeated straining and annealing, especially when straining was performed at 500deg C. It was suggested that the shape memory effect in Fe base alloys was strongly influenced by the dislocation substructure present in the starting material. (orig.) [de

B2 intermetallic compounds of Zr. New class of the shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koval, Yu.N.; Delaey, L.; Jang, W.Y.

1995-01-01

It is known that the B2 equiatomic intermetallic compounds of Zr (ZrCo-based) undergo a martensitic transformation (MT) with wide temperature hysteresis. It was found that the MT is accompanied by the perfect shape memory effect (SME) for ZrCu and ZrRh. In this report we represent the results of structural analysis, electrical resistivity, calorimetric and SME measurements for ZrCu- and ZrCo-based compounds. Interrelation between structural, thermodynamical parameters of MT and SME in this alloys will be described. The shape memory aspects of this potential alloys for the application at high temperatures will be discussed. (orig.)

Hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds to hydrocarbons over Ni/SiO2-ZrO2 catalysts.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Xinghua; Zhang, Qi; Wang, Tiejun; Ma, Longlong; Yu, Yuxiao; Chen, Lungang

2013-04-01

Inexpensive non-sulfided Ni-based catalysts were evaluated for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) using guaiacol as model compound. SiO2-ZrO2 (SZ), a complex oxide synthesized by precipitation method with different ratio of Si/Zr, was impregnated with Ni(NO3)2·6H2O and calcined at 500°C. Conversion rates and product distribution for guaiacol HDO at 200-340°C were determined. Guaiacol conversion reached the maximum at 300°C in the presence of Ni/SZ-3. When HDO reaction was carried out with real lignin-derived phenolic compounds under the optimal conditions determined for guaiacol, the total yield of hydrocarbons was 62.81%. These hydrocarbons were comprised of cyclohexane, alkyl-substituted cyclohexane and alkyl-substituted benzene. They have high octane number, would be the most desirable components for fungible liquid transportation fuel. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of plastic strain on shape memory characteristics in sputter-deposited Ti-Ni thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nomura, K.

1995-01-01

The plastic strain which is introduced during cooling and heating under a constant stress has an influence upon the transformation and deformation characteristics of sputter-deposited Ti-Ni shape memory alloy thin films. With increasing the accumulated plastic strain, Ms rises and recovery strain increases. The changes in such characteristics are due to the internal stress field that is formed by plastic deformation. However, the change in Ms in Ti-50.5at%Ni is larger than that in Ti-48.9at%Ni, although the plastic strain in the former is lower than that in the latter. In order to understand this point, the effective internal stresses were estimated in both alloys; the internal stress in the former is more effectively created by the introduction of plastic strain than in the latter. (orig.)

Long-term superelastic cycling at nano-scale in Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy micropillars

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

San Juan, J., E-mail: jose.sanjuan@ehu.es; Gómez-Cortés, J. F. [Dpto. Física Materia Condensada, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Univ. del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); López, G. A.; Nó, M. L. [Dpto. Física Aplicada II, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Univ. del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Jiao, C. [FEI, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven (Netherlands)

2014-01-06

Superelastic behavior at nano-scale has been studied along cycling in Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy micropillars. Arrays of square micropillars were produced by focused ion beam milling, on slides of [001] oriented Cu-Al-Ni single crystals. Superelastic behavior of micropillars, due to the stress-induced martensitic transformation, has been studied by nano-compression tests during thousand cycles, and its evolution has been followed along cycling. Each pillar has undergone more than thousand cycles without any detrimental evolution. Moreover, we demonstrate that after thousand cycles they exhibit a perfectly reproducible and completely recoverable superelastic behavior.

Characterization of the Ni-45wt% Ti shape memory alloy rapidly solidified

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anselmo, G.C.S.; Castro, W.B. de; Araujo, C.J. de

2010-01-01

One important challenge of microsystems design is the implementation of miniaturized actuation principles efficient at the micro-scale. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have early on been considered as a potential solution to this problem as these materials offer attractive properties like a high-power to weight ratio, large deformation and the capability to be processed at the micro-scale. shape memory characteristics of Ni-45wt%Ti alloy ribbons prepared by melt spinning were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray. In these experiments particular attention has been paid to change the velocity of cooling wheel from 30 to 50 m/s. Then the cooling rates of ribbons were controlled. The effect of this cooling rate on martensitic transformation behaviors and structure are discussed. (author)

Steam reforming of different biomass tar model compounds over Ni/Al_2O_3 catalysts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Artetxe, Maite; Alvarez, Jon; Nahil, Mohamad A.; Olazar, Martin; Williams, Paul T.

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Order of reactivity: anisole > furfural > indene > phenol > toluene > methyl naphthalene. • Higher coke deposition for oxygenates (1.5–2.8%) than for aromatics (0.5–0.8%). • Amorphous coke is deposited for oxygenates and filamentous carbon for aromatics. • Ni content of 20 wt.% shows the higher conversion (90%) and H_2 potential (63%). - Abstract: This work focuses on the removal of the tar derived from biomass gasification by catalytic steam reforming on Ni/Al_2O_3 catalysts. Different tar model compounds (phenol, toluene, methyl naphthalene, indene, anisole and furfural) were individually steam reformed (after dissolving each one in methanol), as well as a mixture of all of them, at 700 °C under a steam/carbon (S/C) ratio of 3 and 60 min on stream. The highest conversions and H_2 potential were attained for anisole and furfural, while methyl naphthalene presented the lowest reactivity. Nevertheless, the higher reactivity of oxygenates compared to aromatic hydrocarbons promoted carbon deposition on the catalyst (in the 1.5–2.8 wt.% range). When the concentration of methanol is decreased in the feedstock and that of toluene or anisole is increased, the selectivity to CO is favoured in the gaseous products, thus increasing coke deposition on the catalyst and decreasing catalyst activity for the steam reforming reaction. Moreover, an increase in Ni loading in the catalyst from 5 to 20% enhances carbon conversion and H_2 formation in the steam reforming of a mixture of all the model compounds studied, but these values decrease for a Ni content of 40%. Coke formation also increased by increasing Ni loading, attaining its maximum value for 40% Ni (6.5 wt.%).

Characterization of the shape memory properties of a Ni45.3Ti39.7Hf10Pd5 alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Acar, E.; Karaca, H.E.; Tobe, H.; Noebe, R.D.; Chumlyakov, Y.I.

2013-01-01

Highlights: •Ni 45.3 Ti 39.7 Hf 10 Pd 5 alloys have transformation strain of up to 4.6% and work output of up to 29 J cm −3 . •The alloy showed good superelastic behavior at 90 °C with recoverable strain of 4.3%. •The alloy exhibited 1.6% two-way shape memory strain after a simple training procedure. •The formation of 〈0 1 1〉 type II twins in martensite plates results in large transformation strain. -- Abstract: The load-biased shape memory and superelastic responses of a Ni 45.3 Ti 39.7 Hf 10 Pd 5 polycrystalline alloy were investigated in compression. Transformation strain of up to 4.6% and work output of up to 29 J cm −3 were determined from load-biased thermal cycling experiments. The alloy showed good superelastic behavior at 90 o C with recoverable strain of over 4%. It was also determined that the Ni 45.3 Ti 39.7 Hf 10 Pd 5 alloy could develop two-way shape memory strain of 1.6% without an intense training process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the internal twins formed in the martensite variants were 〈0 1 1〉 type II twins

Recovery stress and shape memory stability in Ni-Ti-Cu thin wires at high temperatures

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Molnár, Peter; Van Humbeeck, J.

2011-01-01

Roč. 102, č. 11 (2011), s. 1362-1368 ISSN 1862-5282 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : shape memory alloys * recovery stress * Ni-Ti-Cu * stress relaxation Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.830, year: 2011 http://www.ijmr.de/directlink.asp?MK110596

Ab initio study of the compound-energy modeling of multisublattice structures: The (hP6) Ni{sub 2}In-type intermetallics of the Ni–In–Sn system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos de Debiaggi, S., E-mail: susana.ramos@fain.uncoma.edu.ar [Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300 Neuquén (Argentina); Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería de Procesos, Biotecnología y Energías Alternativas – CONICET-UNCo (Argentina); González Lemus, N.V. [Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300 Neuquén (Argentina); Deluque Toro, C. [Grupo de Nuevos Materiales, Universidad de la Guajira, Riohacha (Colombia); Fernández Guillermet, A. [CONICET - Instituto Balseiro, Centro Atómico Bariloche, Avda. Bustillo 9500, 8400 Bariloche (Argentina)

2015-01-15

Highlights: • A DFT study of the compounds involved in CALPHAD modeling of the Ni–In–Sn (hP6) phase. • Several three-sublattice compounds of Ni, In, Sn and vacancies are studied ab initio. • Structural, cohesive and thermodynamic properties and the electronic DOS are reported. • Trends in calculated properties are correlated with changes in electronic structure. • A picture of the chemical bonding trends for these s-p/d type compounds is discussed. - Abstract: The thermodynamic modeling of non-stoichiometric, multisublattice intermetallic phases using the Compound-Energy Formalism (CEF) involves the determination of parameters representing the Gibbs energy (G{sub m}) of binary compounds, the so-called “end-member compounds” (EMCs), which are often metastable or hypothetical. In current CALPHAD (i.e., “Calculation of Phase Diagrams”) work, these quantities are treated as free parameters to be determined by searching for the best fit to the available information in the optimization procedure. The general purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical approach to the study of the EMCs which makes use of density-functional-theory (DFT) ab initio calculations. The present method is applied to the EMCs involved in the CEF modeling of the non-stoichiometric (hP6) Ni{sub 2}In-structure type phase of the Ni–In and Ni–In–Sn systems using the three-sublattice models (Ni){sub 1}(Ni,Va){sub 1}(In,Ni){sub 1} and (Ni,Va){sub 1}(Ni,Va){sub 1}(In,Ni,Sn){sub 1}, respectively. By means of systematic ab initio projected augmented waves (PAW) calculations using the VASP code we study the EMCs involved in the CEF formulations of the G{sub m} for this phase in the binary and the ternary systems. Specifically, we study the twelve EMCs corresponding to the following sublattice occupations: (Ni){sub 1}(Ni){sub 1}(In){sub 1}, which is usually described as Ni:Ni:In (i.e., a compound with formula “Ni{sub 2}In”), Ni:Ni:Ni (i.e., “Ni{sub 3}”), Ni:Ni:Sn (“Ni

Effect of heat treatment on transformation behavior of Ti-Ni-V shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

He Zhirong; Liu Manqian

2011-01-01

Highlights: → New shape memory alloy (SMA) - Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V SMA. → The evolution laws of transformation types of annealed Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V SMA. → The evolution laws of transformation types of aged Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V SMA. → The effect laws of annealing on transformation temperature and hysteresis of the alloy. → The effect laws of aging on transformation temperature and hysterises of the alloy. - Abstract: Effects of annealing and aging processes on the transformation behaviors of Ti-50.8Ni-0.5V (atomic fraction, %) shape memory alloy were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The A → R/R → A (A - parent phase, R - R phase) type one-stage reversible transformation occurs in 350-400 deg. C annealed alloy, the A → R → M/M → R → A (M - martensite) type two-stage transformation occurs in 450-500 deg. C annealed alloy, the A → R → M/M → A type transformation occurs in 550 deg. C annealed alloy, and A → M/M → A type transformation occurs in the alloy annealed at above 600 deg. C upon cooling/heating. The transformation type of 300 deg. C aged alloy is A → R/R → A, and that of 500 deg. C aged alloy is A → R → M/M → A, while that of 400 deg. C aged alloy changes from A → R/R → A to A → R → M/M → R → A with increasing aging time. The effects of annealing and aging processes on R and M transformation temperatures and temperature hysteresis are given. The influence of annealing and aging temperature on transformation behaviors is stronger than that of annealing and aging time.

Influence of Structure and Microstructure on Deformation Localization and Crack Growth in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Paul, Partha P.; Fortman, Margaret; Paranjape, Harshad M.; Anderson, Peter M.; Stebner, Aaron P.; Brinson, L. Catherine

2018-04-01

Porous NiTi shape memory alloys have applications in the biomedical and aerospace fields. Recent developments in metal additive manufacturing have made fabrication of near-net-shape porous products with complicated geometries feasible. There have also been developments in tailoring site-specific microstructures in metals using additive manufacturing. Inspired by these developments, we explore two related mechanistic phenomena in a simplified representation of porous shape memory alloys. First, we computationally elucidate the connection between pore geometry, stress concentration around pores, grain orientation, and strain-band formation during tensile loading of NiTi. Using this, we present a method to engineer local crystal orientations to mitigate the stress concentrations around the pores. Second, we experimentally document the growth of cracks around pores in a cyclically loaded superelastic NiTi specimen. In the areas of stress concentration around holes, cracks are seen to grow in large grains with [1 1 0] oriented along the tensile axis. This combined work shows the potential of local microstructural engineering in reducing stress concentration and increasing resistance to propagation of cracks in porous SMAs, potentially increasing the fatigue life of porous SMA components.

Cyclic deformation of NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Yong; Van Humbeeck, J.; Xie Zeliang

1999-01-01

Recently, there is an increasing interest in applying the high damping capacity of shape memory alloys (SMAs). The purpose is to explore the feasibility of those materials for the protection of buildings and other civil constructions as a result of earthquake damages. So far, few experimental results have been reported concerning the mechanical cyclic behaviour of SMAs in their martensitic state (ferroelastic). In the present work, the experimental results on the mechanical behaviour of martensitic NiTi SMAs under tension-compression cyclic deformation up to strains of ±4% are summarized with major attention to the damping capacity, characteristic stresses and strains as a function of deformation cycles. Effect of strain rate, strain amplitude and annealing condition on the martensite damping is summarized. Explanation of the cyclic hardening and cyclic softening phenomenon is proposed based on TEM observations. (orig.)

7-NI and ODQ Disturbs Memory in the Elevated Plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Radial Arm Maze Tests in Mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Mutlu, Oguz; Akar, Furuzan; Celikyurt, Ipek Komsuoglu; Tanyeri, Pelin; Ulak, Guner; Erden, Faruk

2015-01-01

Nitric oxide (NO) is an atypical neurotransmitter that causes changes in cognition. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitors have been shown to exert some effects on cognition in previous studies; however, the findings have been controversial. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of an NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), and a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), on spatial memory in modified elevated plus maze (mEPM), Morris water maze (MWM), and radial arm maze (RAM) tests. Male Balb-c mice were treated via intraperitoneal injections with 7-NI (15 mg/kg), ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg), L-arginine (100 mg/kg) + 7-NI (15 mg/kg), or physiological saline. ODQ (3 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the second-day latency in the mEPM test. 7-NI (15 mg/kg) and ODQ (10 mg/kg) significantly increased the escape latency in second, third, and fourth sessions, decreased the time spent in the escape platform's quadrant, and increased the mean distance to the platform in the probe trial of the MWM test. ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg) and 7-NI (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of errors, whereas only 7-NI increased the latency in the RAM test. The administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg) prior to 7-NI inverted the effects of 7-NI, which supports the role of NO on cognition. Our study shows that the NO/cGMP/GS pathway can regulate spatial memory in mice.

Alloying effect on K shell X-ray fluorescence cross-sections and yields in Ti-Ni based shape memory alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bünyamin Alım

2018-04-01

Full Text Available K shell X-ray fluorescence cross-sections (σKα, σKβ and σK, and K shell fluorescence yields (ωK of Ti, Ni both in pure metals and in different alloy compositions (TixNi1-x; x = 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7 were measured by using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF technique. The samples were excited by 22.69 keV X-rays from a 10 mCi Cd-109 radioactive point source and K X rays emitted by samples were counted by a high resolution Si(Li solid-state detector coupled to a 4 K multichannel analyzer (MCA. The alloying effects on the X-ray fluorescence (XRF parameters of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs were investigated. It is clearly observed that alloying effect causes to change in K shell XRF parameter values in Ti-Ni based SMAs for different compositions of x. Also, the present investigation makes it possible to perform reliable interpretation of experimental σKα, σKβ and ωK values for Ti and Ni in SMAs and can also provide quantitative information about the changes of K shell X-ray fluorescence cross sections and fluorescence yields of these metals with alloy composition. Keywords: Alloying effect, XRF, K X-ray fluorescence cross-section, K shell fluorescence yield, Shape memory alloy

Tribological performance of near equiatomic and Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tillmann, Wolfgang; Momeni, Soroush

2015-01-01

Near equiatomic and Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy thin films were magnetron sputtered with the same processing parameters and thickness of 3 μm. The microstructure, composition, shape memory behavior, mechanical and tribological properties of the deposited thin films were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, ball-on-disc, scratch test, and three dimensional (3D) optical microscopy. The obtained results clearly show how the crystallization evolution and precipitation formation of these two sets of thin films can drastically influence their mechanical and tribological performances

Electrochemical Properties of Ni 47 Ti 49 Co 4 Shape Memory Alloy in Artificial Urine for Urological Implant

KAUST Repository

Ahmed, Rasha A.

2015-09-02

© 2015 American Chemical Society. The corrosion performance of Ni47Ti49Co4 shape memory alloys (SMA) in artificial urine solution was evaluated in comparison with Ni51Ti49 alloy as reference, at 37°C and pH 5.6-6.4. SEM results revealed less pitting attack for Ni47Ti49Co4 SMA surface after immersion in artificial urine solution. The XRD analysis demonstrated the formation of passive film on Ni47Ti49Co4 SMA. The XPS analysis indicated that the film mainly consisted of O, Ti, Co, P, and a small amount of Ni, and the concentration of Ni ions release was greatly reduced compared to that of the Ni51Ti49 SMA. Linear polarization results illustrated that corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), and ac polarization resistance (Rp) were affected greatly by alloying Co to Nitinol alloy. Our observations indicated that the corrosion resistance of the ternary alloy, Ni47Ti49Co4 SMA, offers superior corrosion resistance in artificial urine when compared to Ni51Ti49 SMA, which was suitable for medical applications.

Electrochemical Properties of Ni 47 Ti 49 Co 4 Shape Memory Alloy in Artificial Urine for Urological Implant

KAUST Repository

Ahmed, Rasha A.

2015-01-01

© 2015 American Chemical Society. The corrosion performance of Ni47Ti49Co4 shape memory alloys (SMA) in artificial urine solution was evaluated in comparison with Ni51Ti49 alloy as reference, at 37°C and pH 5.6-6.4. SEM results revealed less pitting attack for Ni47Ti49Co4 SMA surface after immersion in artificial urine solution. The XRD analysis demonstrated the formation of passive film on Ni47Ti49Co4 SMA. The XPS analysis indicated that the film mainly consisted of O, Ti, Co, P, and a small amount of Ni, and the concentration of Ni ions release was greatly reduced compared to that of the Ni51Ti49 SMA. Linear polarization results illustrated that corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), and ac polarization resistance (Rp) were affected greatly by alloying Co to Nitinol alloy. Our observations indicated that the corrosion resistance of the ternary alloy, Ni47Ti49Co4 SMA, offers superior corrosion resistance in artificial urine when compared to Ni51Ti49 SMA, which was suitable for medical applications.

Influence of compressive load conditions and thickness on the two-way shape memory behavior in tube-shaped NiTi alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yoo, Young Ik; Shin, Dong Kil; Lee, Jung Ju; Lee, Chang Ho

2012-01-01

The two-way shape memory behavior of Ni 55 Ti 45 was investigated to develop a tube-shaped NiTi actuator which could generate a large amount of force. The two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was induced by thermal cycling under various amounts of constant compressive stress. Six specimens with the same outer diameter and different thickness were used to apply the TWSME to an actuator. A fast saturation tendency of the recovery strain was shown through training at each level of constant stress, after which the two-way shape memory strain was quantitatively measured during thermal cycling for each level of applied stress. From the results, the maximum two-way strain value was obtained after training at a constant level of stress and then decreased thereafter. In addition, the two-way strain was found to depend on the thickness of the tube-shaped specimen. All specimens could be divided into two groups depending on the rate of increase in the two-way strain. After two-way strain was obtained, the two-way recovery stress was measured to verify the performance of the sample as an actuator. The results showed that the two-way recovery stress behavior was similar to the two-way strain; if the optimal thickness of the specimen and the stress applied for training are used for the development of the TWSME, tube-shaped NiTi using the TWSME can replace one-way shape memory alloys. (paper)

Influence of the substitution of Ni for Fe on the microstructure evolution and magnetic phase transition in La(Fe1−xNix)11.5Si1.5 compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun, Song; Ye, Rongchang; Long, Yi

2013-01-01

Graphical abstract: M–T curves show that all the compounds undergo a ferromagnetic–paramagnetic magnetic phase transition process. Besides, the Curie temperature T c of La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) compounds increase monotonously from 195 K to 219 K when Ni content x varies from 0 to 0.03. Highlights: ► We substituted Fe by new element Ni in La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 compounds. ► The microstructure evolution, magnetic phase transition and Curie temperature of La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 compounds were investigated. ► The small substitution of Ni for Fe in La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 compounds enhances the formation of 1:13 phase and helps the elimination of impurity phase significantly. ► The Curie temperature T C of La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 compounds increase monotonously from 195 K to 219 K when x varies from 0 to 0.03. - Abstract: The influence of Ni substitution on the microstructure evolution and magnetic phase transition has been investigated in La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) compounds. Results show that partial substitution of Ni for Fe in La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) alloys promotes fining of the as-cast microstructure. Besides, the formation of 1:13 phase and the elimination of impurity phases is facilitated significantly when annealed at 1373 K for 5 days. Large amounts of inhomogeneities are present in the annealed LaFe 11.5 Si 1.5 alloy. While almost single 1:13 phase is obtained in La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 (x = 0.02, 0.03) alloys. Moreover, the Curie temperature T C of La(Fe 1−x Ni x ) 11.5 Si 1.5 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) compounds increase monotonously from 195 K to 219 K when Ni content x varies from 0 to 0.03.

Reaction pathways of model compounds of biomass-derived oxygenates on Fe/Ni bimetallic surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Weiting; Chen, Jingguang G.

2015-10-01

Controlling the activity and selectivity of converting biomass-derivatives to fuels and valuable chemicals is critical for the utilization of biomass feedstocks. There are primarily three classes of non-food competing biomass, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. In the current work, glycolaldehyde, furfural and acetaldehyde are studied as model compounds of the three classes of biomass-derivatives. Monometallic Ni(111) and monolayer (ML) Fe/Ni(111) bimetallic surfaces are studied for the reaction pathways of the three biomass surrogates. The ML Fe/Ni(111) surface is identified as an efficient surface for the conversion of biomass-derivatives from the combined results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments. A correlation is also established between the optimized adsorption geometry and experimental reaction pathways. These results should provide helpful insights in catalyst design for the upgrading and conversion of biomass.

Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nanostructured MgXNi1-XO Compound by Mg-NiO Mixture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nader Setoudeh

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Synthesis of magnesium nickel oxide phase such as MgxNi1-xO solid solutions has been studied in this research article using mechnochmical reaction between magnesium and nickel oxide. Mixtures of magnesium powder and nickel oxide (Mg+NiO with stoichiometric compositions were milled for different times in a planetary ball mill. Reduction reaction of nickel oxide by magnesium via a mechanically induced self-sustaining reaction (MSR was confirmed in the XRD measurements of the as-milled samples. Formation of nanostructured magnesium nickel oxide phases (such as Mg0.4Ni0.6O or MgNiO2 was observed after isothermal heating of the 30 minutes milled samples at 1000°C where nickel phase seems to disappear in XRD patterns. The traces of phases such as Mg0.4Ni0.6O or MgNiO2 were also observed in the as-milled mixtures. Therefore, the XRD results of the as-milled samples suggested that the formation of magnesium nickel oxide phases could be possible even after prolonged milling. The XRD and SEM results of both as-milled and isothermally heated samples indicated that the crystallite size and particle size of the final products reached to nanoscale after milling. Morphological and compositional evolution of the samples after heat treatment was monitored through SEM imaging and elemental analyses. The results confirmed that the composition of final product is close to Mg0.4Ni0.6O compound.

Interactive effects of morphine and dopaminergic compounds on spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Jian-Hong Wang; Joshua Dominie Rizak; Yan-Mei Chen; Liang Li; Xin-Tian Hu; Yuan-Ye Ma

2013-01-01

Opiates and dopamine (DA) play key roles in learning and memory in humans and animals.Although interactions between these neurotransmitters have been found,their functional roles remain to be fully elucidated,and their dysfunction may contribute to human diseases and addiction.Here we investigated the interactions of morphine and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems with respect to learning and memory in rhesus monkeys by using the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) delayed-response task.Morphine and DA agonists (SKF-38393,apomorphine and bromocriptine) or DA antagonists (SKF-83566,haloperidol and sulpiride) were co-administered to the monkeys 30 min prior to the task.We found that dose-patterned co-administration of morphine with D1 or D2 antagonists or agonists reversed the impaired spatial working memory induced by morphine or the compounds alone.For example,morphine at 0.01 mg/kg impaired spatial working memory,while morphine (0.01 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.01 or 0.06 mg/kg) co-treatment ameliorated this effect.Our findings suggest that the interactions between morphine and dopaminergic compounds influence spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys.A better understanding of these interactive relationships may provide insights into human addiction.

Atomistic to Continuum Multiscale and Multiphysics Simulation of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Gur, Sourav

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are materials that show reversible, thermo-elastic, diffusionless, displacive (solid to solid) phase transformation, due to the application of temperature and/ or stress (/strain). Among different SMAs, NiTi is a popular one. NiTi shows reversible phase transformation, the shape memory effect (SME), where irreversible deformations are recovered upon heating, and superelasticity (SE), where large strains imposed at high enough temperatures are fully recovered. Phase transformation process in NiTi SMA is a very complex process that involves the competition between developed internal strain and phonon dispersion instability. In NiTi SMA, phase transformation occurs over a wide range of temperature and/ or stress (strain) which involves, evolution of different crystalline phases (cubic austenite i.e. B2, different monoclinic variant of martensite i.e. B19', and orthorhombic B19 or BCO structures). Further, it is observed from experimental and computational studies that the evolution kinetics and growth rate of different phases in NiTi SMA vary significantly over a wide spectrum of spatio-temporal scales, especially with length scales. At nano-meter length scale, phase transformation temperatures, critical transformation stress (or strain) and phase fraction evolution change significantly with sample or simulation cell size and grain size. Even, below a critical length scale, the phase transformation process stops. All these aspects make NiTi SMA very interesting to the science and engineering research community and in this context, the present focuses on the following aspects. At first this study address the stability, evolution and growth kinetics of different phases (B2 and variants of B19'), at different length scales, starting from the atomic level and ending at the continuum macroscopic level. The effects of simulation cell size, grain size, and presence of free surface and grain boundary on the phase transformation process

Narrow thermal hysteresis of NiTi shape memory alloy thin films with submicrometer thickness

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hou, Huilong; Hamilton, Reginald F., E-mail: rfhamilton@psu.edu; Horn, Mark W. [Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (United States)

2016-09-15

NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) thin films were fabricated using biased target ion beam deposition (BTIBD), which is a new technique for fabricating submicrometer-thick SMA thin films, and the capacity to exhibit shape memory behavior was investigated. The thermally induced shape memory effect (SME) was studied using the wafer curvature method to report the stress-temperature response. The films exhibited the SME in a temperature range above room temperature and a narrow thermal hysteresis with respect to previous reports. To confirm the underlying phase transformation, in situ x-ray diffraction was carried out in the corresponding phase transformation temperature range. The B2 to R-phase martensitic transformation occurs, and the R-phase transformation is stable with respect to the expected conversion to the B19′ martensite phase. The narrow hysteresis and stable R-phase are rationalized in terms of the unique properties of the BTIBD technique.

Finding the energy source for self-propagating high-temperature synthesis production of NiTi shape memory alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Novák, P.; Školáková, A.; Pignol, D.; Průša, F.; Salvetr, P.; Kubatík, Tomáš František; Perriere, L.; Karlík, M.

2016-01-01

Roč. 181, September (2016), s. 295-300 ISSN 0254-0584 Institutional support: RVO:61389021 Keywords : NiTi * Shape memory alloys * Powder metallurgy * Microstructure Subject RIV: JG - Metallurgy Impact factor: 2.084, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S025405841630476X

Microstructure of epitaxial thin films of the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Ni{sub 2}MnGa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Eichhorn, Tobias

2011-12-09

This work is concerned with the preparation and detailed characterization of epitaxial thin films of the Heusler compound Ni{sub 2}MnGa. This multiferroic compound is of both technological and scientific interest due to the outstanding magnetic shape memory (MSM) behavior. Huge magnetic-field-induced strains up to 10 % have been observed for single crystals close to a Ni{sub 2}MnGa composition. The effect is based on a redistribution of crystallographic twin variants of tetragonal or orthorhombic symmetry. Under the driving force of the external magnetic field twin boundaries can move through the crystal, which largely affects the macroscopic shape. The unique combination of large reversible strain, high switching frequency and high work output makes the alloy a promising actuator material. Since the MSM effect results from an intrinsic mechanism, MSM devices possess great potential for implementation in microsystems, e.g. microfluidics. So far significant strains, in response to an external magnetic field, have been observed for bulk single crystals and foams solely. In order to take advantage of the effect in applications concepts for miniaturization are needed. The rather direct approach, based on epitaxial thin films, is explored in the course of this work. This involves sample preparation under optimized deposition parameters and fabrication of freestanding single-crystalline films. Different methods to achieve freestanding microstructures such as bridges and cantilevers are presented. The complex crystal structure is extensively studied by means of X-ray diffraction. Thus, the different crystallographic twin variants that are of great importance for the MSM effect are identified. In combination with microscopy the twinning architecture for films of different crystallographic orientation is clarified. Intrinsic blocking effects in samples of (100) orientation are explained on basis of the variant configuration. In contrast, a promising twinning microstructure

7-NI and ODQ Disturbs Memory in the Elevated plus Maze, Morris Water Maze, and Radial Arm Maze Tests in Mice

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oguz Mutlu

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Nitric oxide (NO is an atypical neurotransmitter that causes changes in cognition. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS and guanylate cyclase (GC inhibitors have been shown to exert some effects on cognition in previous studies; however, the findings have been controversial. This study was aimed at understanding the effects of an NOS inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, and a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, 1 H -[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, on spatial memory in modified elevated plus maze (mEPM, Morris water maze (MWM, and radial arm maze (RAM tests. Male Balb-c mice were treated via intraperitoneal injections with 7-NI (15 mg/kg, ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg, L-arginine (100 mg/kg + 7-NI (15 mg/kg, or physiological saline. ODQ (3 mg/kg and 7-NI (15 mg/kg significantly increased the second-day latency in the mEPM test. 7-NI (15 mg/kg and ODQ (10 mg/kg significantly increased the escape latency in second, third, and fourth sessions, decreased the time spent in the escape platform's quadrant, and increased the mean distance to the platform in the probe trial of the MWM test. ODQ (3, 10 mg/kg and 7-NI (15 mg/kg significantly increased the number of errors, whereas only 7-NI increased the latency in the RAM test. The administration of L-arginine (100 mg/kg prior to 7-NI inverted the effects of 7-NI, which supports the role of NO on cognition. Our study shows that the NO/cGMP/GS pathway can regulate spatial memory in mice.

Application of Taguchi method to optimization of surface roughness during precise turning of NiTi shape memory alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Kowalczyk, M.

2017-08-01

This paper describes the research results of surface quality research after the NiTi shape memory alloy (Nitinol) precise turning by the tools with edges made of polycrystalline diamonds (PCD). Nitinol, a nearly equiatomic nickel-titanium shape memory alloy, has wide applications in the arms industry, military, medicine and aerospace industry, and industrial robots. Due to their specific properties NiTi alloys are known to be difficult-to-machine materials particularly by using conventional techniques. The research trials were conducted for three independent parameters (vc, f, ap) affecting the surface roughness were analyzed. The choice of parameter configurations were performed by factorial design methods using orthogonal plan type L9, with three control factors, changing on three levels, developed by G. Taguchi. S/N ratio and ANOVA analyses were performed to identify the best of cutting parameters influencing surface roughness.

Surface mechanical attrition treatment induced phase transformation behavior in NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hu, T.; Wen, C.S.; Lu, J.; Wu, S.L.; Xin, Y.C.; Zhang, W.J.; Chu, C.L.; Chung, J.C.Y.; Yeung, K.W.K.; Kwok, D.T.K.; Chu, Paul K.

2009-01-01

The phase constituents and transformation behavior of the martensite B19' NiTi shape memory alloy after undergoing surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) are investigated. SMAT is found to induce the formation of a parent B2 phase from the martensite B19' in the top surface layer. By removing the surface layer-by-layer, X-ray diffraction reveals that the amount of the B2 phase decreases with depth. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) further indicates that the deformed martensite in the sub-surface layer up to 300 μm deep exhibits the martensite stabilization effect. The graded phase structure and transformation behavior in the SMATed NiTi specimen can be attributed to the gradient change in strain with depth.

Vacancy dynamic in Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merida, D., E-mail: david.merida@ehu.es [Fisika Aplikatua II Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, p.k. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); Elektrizitate eta Elektronika Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, p.k. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); García, J. A. [Fisika Aplikatua II Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, p.k. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain); BC Materials (Basque Centre for Materials, Application and Nanostructures), 48040 Leioa (Spain); Sánchez-Alarcos, V.; Pérez-Landazábal, J. I.; Recarte, V. [Departamento de Física, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Campus de Arrosadia, 31006 Pamplona (Spain); Plazaola, F. [Elektrizitate eta Elektronika Saila, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, p.k. 644, 48080 Bilbao (Spain)

2014-06-09

Vacancies control any atomic ordering process and consequently most of the order-dependent properties of the martensitic transformation in ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. Positron annihilation spectroscopy demonstrates to be a powerful technique to study vacancies in NiMnGa alloys quenched from different temperatures and subjected to post-quench isothermal annealing treatments. Considering an effective vacancy type the temperature dependence of the vacancy concentration has been evaluated. Samples quenched from 1173 K show a vacancy concentration of 1100 ± 200 ppm. The vacancy migration and formation energies have been estimated to be 0.55 ± 0.05 eV and 0.90 ± 0.07 eV, respectively.

Scale up of NiTi shape memory alloy production by EBM

Science.gov (United States)

Otubo, J.; Rigo, O. D.; Moura Neto, C.; Kaufman, M. J.; Mei, P. R.

2003-10-01

The usual process to produce NiTi shape memory alloy is by vacuum induction melting (VIM) using a graphite crucible, which causes contamination of the melt with carbon. Contamination with oxygen originates from the residual oxygen inside the melting chamber. An alternative process to produce NiTi alloys is by electron beam melting (EBM) using a water-cooled copper crucible that eliminates carbon contamination, and the oxygen contamination would be minimal due to operation in a vacuum of better than 10^{-2} Pa. In a previous work, it was demonstrated that the technique is feasible for button shaped samples weighing around 30g. The present work presents the results on the scale up program that enables the production of larger samples/ingots. The results are very promising in terms of chemical composition homogeneity as well as in terms of carbon contamination, the latter being four to ten times lower than the commercially-produced VIM products, and in terms of final oxygen content which is shown to depend primarily on the starting raw materials.

Irreversibility in room temperature current–voltage characteristics of NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles: A signature of electrical memory effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dey, P.; Debnath, Rajesh; Singh, Swati; Mandal, S.K.; Roy, J.N.

2017-01-01

Room temperature I–V characteristics study, both in presence and absence of magnetic field (1800 Oe), has been performed on NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles, having different particle size (φ~14, 21 and 31 nm). Our experiments on these nanoparticles provide evidences for: (1) electrical irreversibility or hysteretic behaviour; (2) positive magnetoresistance and (3) magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility or hysteresis in the sample. “Hysteretic” nature of I–V curve reveals the existence of electrical memory effect in the sample. Significantly, such hysteresis has been found to be tuned by magnetic field. In order to explain the observed electrical irreversibility, we have proposed a phenomenological model on the light of induced polarization in the sample. Both the positive magnetoresistance and the observed magnetic field dependence of electrical irreversibility have been explained through magnetostriction phenomenon. Interestingly, such effects are found to get reduced with increasing particle size. For NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles having φ=31 nm, we did not observe any irreversibility effect. This feature has been attributed to the enhanced grain surface effect that in turn gives rise to the residual polarization and hence electrical memory effect in NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles, having small nanoscopic particle size. - Highlights: • I-V characteristics study of NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles with varying particle sizes. • Experiments evident electrical hysteretic behaviour, i.e., electrical memory effect. • Magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility is due to magnetostriction. • A phenomenological model has been proposed on the light of induced polarization. • Such electrical irreversibility decreases with increasing particle sizes.

Influence of cold working on deformation behavior and shape memory effect of Ti-Ni-Nb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okita, K.; Semba, H.; Okabe, N.; Sakuma, T.; Mihara, Y.

2005-01-01

In this study, the influence of cold working on the deformation behavior and the transformation characteristics was investigated on the Ti-Ni-Nb shape memory alloy (SMA). Both the tensile test and the shape recovery test were performed for the wire specimens of 1mm in the diameter with some different rates of cold working. The shape recovery tests were performed for the wire specimens of different cold working rates until the various levels of maximum applied strain, and the reverse-transformation characteristics on the process of heating after unloading were studied. It is clarified that the higher cold-working rate improves the shape memory properties of the alloy. (orig.)

Nanoscale structural heterogeneity in Ni-rich half-Heusler TiNiSn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Douglas, Jason E.; Pollock, Tresa M.; Chater, Philip A.; Brown, Craig M.; Seshadri, Ram

2014-01-01

The structural implications of excess Ni in the TiNiSn half-Heusler compound are examined through a combination of synchrotron x-ray and neutron scattering studies, in conjunction with first principles density functional theory calculations on supercells. Despite the phase diagram suggesting that TiNiSn is a line compound with no solid solution, for small x in TiNi 1+x Sn there is indeed an appearance—from careful analysis of the scattering—of some solubility, with the excess Ni occupying the interstitial tetrahedral site in the half-Heusler structure. The analysis performed here would point to the excess Ni not being statistically distributed, but rather occurring as coherent nanoclusters. First principles calculations of energetics, carried out using supercells, support a scenario of Ni interstitials clustering, rather than a statistical distribution.

Thermomechanical behavior of NiTiPdPt high temperature shape memory alloy springs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nicholson, D E; Vaidyanathan, R; Padula II, S A; Noebe, R D; Benafan, O

2014-01-01

Transformation strains in high temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) are generally smaller than for conventional NiTi alloys and can be purposefully limited in cases where stability and repeatability at elevated temperatures are desired. Yet such alloys can still be used in actuator applications that require large strokes when used in the form of springs. Thus there is a need to understand the thermomechanical behavior of shape memory alloy spring actuators, particularly those consisting of alternative alloys. In this work, a modular test setup was assembled with the objective of acquiring stroke, stress, temperature, and moment data in real time during joule heating and forced convective cooling of Ni 19.5 Ti 50.5 Pd 25 Pt 5 HTSMA springs. The spring actuators were subjected to both monotonic axial loading and thermomechanical cycling. The role of rotational constraints (i.e., by restricting rotation or allowing for free rotation at the ends of the springs) on stroke performance was also assessed. Finally, recognizing that evolution in the material microstructure can result in changes in HTSMA spring geometry, the effect of material microstructural evolution on spring performance was examined. This was done by taking into consideration the changes in geometry that occurred during thermomechanical cycling. This work thus provides insight into designing with HTSMA springs and predicting their thermomechanical performance. (paper)

Mechanical and functional properties of two-phase Ni53Mn22Co6Ga19 high-temperature shape memory alloy with the addition of Dy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, S Y; Wang, C P; Liu, X J

2013-01-01

The effects of Dy addition on microstructure, martensitic transformation, mechanical and shape memory properties of the two-phase Ni 53 Mn 22 Co 6 Ga 19 high-temperature shape memory alloy were investigated. It is found that a small Dy addition results in the refinement of grain size, which can effectively improve the tensile ductility and strength of the two-phase Ni 53 Mn 22 Co 6 Ga 19 alloy. However, a Dy(Ni,Mn) 4 Ga precipitate forms in the alloys with the Dy addition, and its amount increases with an increase in the Dy addition. This change causes the ductility of the alloys to decrease when the Dy addition is further increased to 0.3 at.%. The results further show that the changes in the martensitic transformation temperature of the studied alloys can be attributed to the combined effects of the tetragonality (c/a) and electron concentration (e/a) of martensite. Additionally, the shape memory effects of the alloys are closely related to the refinement of grain size and the alloy strength. In this study, the (Ni 53 Mn 22 Co 6 Ga 19 ) 99.8 Dy 0.2 alloy exhibits a variety of good properties, including a high martensitic transformation starting temperature of 385.7 °C, a tensile ductility of 10.3% and a shape memory effect of 2.8%. (paper)

Magnetic ordering of YPd{sub 2}Si-type HoNi{sub 2}Si and ErNi{sub 2}Si compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Morozkin, A.V., E-mail: morozkin@tech.chem.msu.ru [Department of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, House 1, Building 3, GSP-2, Moscow, 119992 (Russian Federation); Isnard, O. [CNRS, Insitut. Néel, 25 Rue Des Martyrs BP166 x, F-38042 Grenoble (France); Université Grenoble Alpes, Inst. Néel, F-38042 Grenoble (France); Nirmala, R. [Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036 (India); Quezado, S.; Malik, S.K. [Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59082-970 (Brazil)

2016-12-01

Magnetic properties of YPd{sub 2}Si-type HoNi{sub 2}Si and ErNi{sub 2}Si were investigated via neutron diffraction and magnetisation measurements. HoNi{sub 2}Si and ErNi{sub 2}Si show ferromagnetic-like ordering at T{sub C} of 9 K and 7 K, respectively. The paramagnetic Weiss temperatures are 9 K and 11 K and the effective magnetic moments are 10.76 μ{sub B}/fu and 9.79 μ{sub B}/fu for HoNi{sub 2}Si and ErNi{sub 2}Si compounds, respectively. The HoNi{sub 2}Si and ErNi{sub 2}Si are soft ferromagnets with saturation magnetization of 8.1 μ{sub B}/fu and 7.5 μ{sub B}/fu, respectively at 2 K and in field of 140 kOe. The isothermal magnetic entropy change, ΔS{sub m}, has a maximum value of −15.6 J/kg·K at 10 K for HoNi{sub 2}Si and −13.9 J/kg·K at 6 K for ErNi{sub 2}Si for a field change of 50 kOe. Neutron diffraction study in zero applied field shows mixed ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic ordering of HoNi{sub 2}Si at ~9 K and its magnetic structure is a sum of a-axis ferromagnetic F{sub a}, b-axis antiferromagnetic AF{sub b} and c-axis antiferrromagnetic AF{sub c} components of Pn′a2{sub 1}′={1, m_x′/[1/2, 1/2, 1/2], 2_y′/[0, 1/2, 0], m_z/[1/2, 0, 1/2]} magnetic space group and propagation vector K{sub 0}=[0, 0, 0]. The holmium magnetic moment reaches a value of 9.23(9) μ{sub B} at 1.5 K and the unit cell of HoNi{sub 2}Si undergoes isotropic contraction around the temperature of magnetic transition. - Graphical abstract: HoNi{sub 2}Si: mixed ferro-antiferromagnet (F{sub a}+AF{sub b}+AF{sub c}){sup K0} with Pn′a2{sub 1}′ magnetic space group and K{sub 0}=[0, 0, 0] propagation vector below 10 K. - Highlights: • Ferro-antiferromagnetic ordering is observed in HoNi{sub 2}Si at 9 K and in ErNi{sub 2}Si at 7 K. • HoNi{sub 2}Si is soft ferromagnet with ΔS{sub m} of −15.6 J/kg·K at 10 K in field of 0–50 kOe. • ErNi{sub 2}Si is soft ferromagnet with ΔS{sub m} of −13.9 J/kg·K at 6 K in field of 0–50 kOe. • HoNi{sub 2}Si shows mixed F�

Characterization of Ternary NiTiPd High-Temperature Shape-Memory Alloys under Load-Biased Thermal Cycling

Science.gov (United States)

Bigelow, Glen S.; Padula, Santo A.; Noebe, Ronald D.; Garg, Anita; Gaydosh, Darrell

2010-01-01

While NiTiPd alloys have been extensively studied for proposed use in high-temperature shape-memory applications, little is known about the shape-memory response of these materials under stress. Consequently, the isobaric thermal cyclic responses of five (Ni,Pd)49.5Ti50.5 alloys with constant stoichiometry and Pd contents ranging from 15 to 46 at. pct were investigated. From these tests, transformation temperatures, transformation strain (which is proportional to work output), and unrecovered strain per cycle (a measure of dimensional instability) were determined as a function of stress for each alloy. It was found that increasing the Pd content over this range resulted in a linear increase in transformation temperature, as expected. At a given stress level, work output decreased while the amount of unrecovered strain produced during each load-biased thermal cycle increased with increasing Pd content, during the initial thermal cycles. However, continued thermal cycling at constant stress resulted in a saturation of the work output and nearly eliminated further unrecovered strain under certain conditions, resulting in stable behavior amenable to many actuator applications.

Compound words prompt arbitrary semantic associations in conceptual memory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bastien eBoutonnet

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Linguistic relativity theory has received empirical support in domains such as colour perception and object categorisation. It is unknown however, whether relations between words idiosyncratic to language impact nonverbal representations and conceptualisations. For instance, would one consider the concepts of horse and sea as related were it not for the existence of the compound seahorse? Here, we investigated such arbitrary conceptual relationships using a non-linguistic picture relatedness task in participants undergoing event-related brain potential recordings. Picture pairs arbitrarily related because of a compound and presented in the compound order elicited N400 amplitudes similar to unrelated pairs. Surprisingly, however, pictures presented in the reverse order (as in the sequence horse – sea reduced N400 amplitudes significantly, demonstrating the existence of a link in memory between these two concepts otherwise unrelated. These results break new ground in the domain of linguistic relativity by revealing predicted semantic associations driven by lexical relations intrinsic to language.

Effect of Chemical Composition on The Microstructure and High-Temperature Properties of Ti-Ni-Hf High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Choi, Seong-Woo; Lee, Hak-Sung; Jeon, Yeong-Min; Yeom, Jong-Taek; Kim, Seong-Woong; Park, Chan-Hee; Hong, Jae-Keun; Oh, Chang-Seok [Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon (Korea, Republic of); Nam, Tae-Hyun [Gyeongsang National University, Jinju (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Jeoung Han [Hanbat National University, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-03-15

The effect of Ni and Hf content on the microstructure, phase transformation, and hot workability of Ti-Ni-Hf high-temperature shape memory alloys (SMAs) were investigated. Twelve different Ti-xNi (x=49, 50.2, 50.5, 50.8 at%)-yHf (y=10, 12, 14 at%) SMA ingots were prepared by vacuum arc re-melting, and then analyzed by SEM, DSC, TEM, and XRD after heat treatment. Precipitation behavior was mostly dependent on Ni content rather than Hf content. The effect of homogenization treatment on the particle precipitation and phase transformation behavior was studied. We also found that hot workability was greatly dependent on the solidification structure of the austenite phase.

The elastocaloric effect of Ni50.8Ti49.2 shape memory alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Min; Li, Yushuang; Zhang, Chen; Li, Shaojie; Wu, Erfu; Li, Wei; Li, Laifeng

2018-04-01

Solid-state cooling technologies are considered as possible alternatives for vapor compression cooling systems. The elastocaloric cooling (whose caloric effects are driven by uniaxial stress) technology, as an efficient and clean solid-state cooling technology, is receiving a great deal of attention very recently. Herein, a NiTi-based elastocaloric bulk material was reported. A large coefficient-of-performance of the material (COPmater) of 4.5 was obtained, which was even higher than that of other NiTi bulk materials. The temperature changes (ΔT) increased with increasing applied strain (ɛ), and reached 18 K upon loading and  -11 K upon unloading when the ɛ value increased to 4%. The high temperature changes were attributed to the large stress-induced entropy changes (the maximum ΔS σ value was 37 J kg-1 K-1). The temperature changes decreased with loading-unloading tensile cycles, and stabilized at 6.5 K upon loading and  -6 K upon unloading after tens of mechanical cycles. The Ni50.8Ti49.2 shape memory alloy showed great promise for application in solid-state refrigeration (or as heat pumps).

Mechanical properties and related substructure of TiNi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Filip, P.; Kneissl, A.C.

1995-01-01

The mechanical properties of binary near equiatomic TiNi shape memory alloys were investigated after different types of mechanical and heat treatments. The changes of deformation behaviour are explained on the basis of substructure differences after work hardening. The ''elastic moduli'' of both the high-temperature phase B2 and the martensite B19' as well as the ''easy stage of deformation'' are dependent on the work hardening intensity and these changes are related to the mobility of B2/B19' interfaces. The martensite changes its morphology after work hardening. In contrast to a twinned martensite, typical for annealed alloys, the internally slipped martensite was detected after work hardening. (orig.)

Experimental study on Response Parameters of Ni-rich NiTi Shape Memory Alloy during Wire Electric Discharge Machining

Science.gov (United States)

Bisaria, Himanshu; Shandilya, Pragya

2018-03-01

Nowadays NiTi SMAs are gaining more prominence due to their unique properties such as superelasticity, shape memory effect, high fatigue strength and many other enriched physical and mechanical properties. The current studies explore the effect of machining parameters namely, peak current (Ip), pulse off time (TOFF), and pulse on time (TON) on wire wear ratio (WWR), and dimensional deviation (DD) in WEDM. It was found that high discharge energy was mainly ascribed to high WWR and DD. The WWR and DD increased with the increase in pulse on time and peak current whereas high pulse off time was favourable for low WWR and DD.

Low-temperature synthesis of the infinite-layer compound LaNiO2 by soft-chemical techniques

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takamatsu, Tomohisa; Kato, Masatsune; Noji, Takashi; Koike, Yoji

2010-01-01

Bulk samples of LaNiO 2 with the so-called infinite-layer structure have successfully been synthesized. First, polycrystalline samples of LaNiO 3 with the perovskite structure were prepared using molten KOH at a temperature of 400-450degC. Then, they were finely ground with a double stoichiometric excess of reductant CaH 2 and sealed in an evacuated Pyrex tube. The sealed ampoule was then heated at 300degC for 24 h. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that the product obtained after removing the residual CaH 2 and the byproduct CaO is of almost single phase with tetragonal symmetry, indicating the formation of the infinite-layer compound LaNiO 2 . (author)

A micromechanical constitutive model for anisotropic cyclic deformation of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy single crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Chao; Kang, Guozheng; Kan, Qianhua

2015-09-01

Based on the experimental observations on the anisotropic cyclic deformation of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy single crystals done by Gall and Maier (2002), a crystal plasticity based micromechanical constitutive model is constructed to describe such anisotropic cyclic deformation. To model the internal stress caused by the unmatched inelastic deformation between the austenite and martensite phases on the plastic deformation of austenite phase, 24 induced martensite variants are assumed to be ellipsoidal inclusions with anisotropic elasticity and embedded in the austenite matrix. The homogeneous stress fields in the austenite matrix and each induced martensite variant are obtained by using the Mori-Tanaka homogenization method. Two different inelastic mechanisms, i.e., martensite transformation and transformation-induced plasticity, and their interactions are considered in the proposed model. Following the assumption of instantaneous domain growth (Cherkaoui et al., 1998), the Helmholtz free energy of a representative volume element of a NiTi shape memory single crystal is established and the thermodynamic driving forces of the internal variables are obtained from the dissipative inequalities. The capability of the proposed model to describe the anisotropic cyclic deformation of super-elastic NiTi single crystals is first verified by comparing the predicted results with the experimental ones. It is concluded that the proposed model can capture the main quantitative features observed in the experiments. And then, the proposed model is further used to predict the uniaxial and multiaxial transformation ratchetting of a NiTi single crystal.

The effect of the melting spinning cooling rate on transformation temperatures in ribbons Ti-Ni-Cu shape memory; Efeito da taxa de resfriamento nas temperaturas de transformacao de uma liga Ni-Cu-Ti com efeito de memoria de forma solidificadas rapidamente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ramos, A.P.; Castro, W.B.; Anselmo, G.C. dos S., E-mail: walman@dem.ufcg.edu.br [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil)

2014-07-01

Ti-Ni-Cu alloys have been attracting attention by their high performance of shape memory effect and decrease of thermal and stress hysteresis in comparison with Ti-Ni binary alloys. One important challenge of microsystems design is the implementation of miniaturized actuation principles efficient at the micro-scale. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have early on been considered as a potential solution to this problem as these materials offer attractive properties like a high-power to weight ratio, large deformation and the capability to be processed at the micro-scale. Shape memory characteristics of Ti-37,8Cu-18,7Ni alloy ribbons prepared by melt spinning were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. In these experiments particular attention has been paid to change of the velocity of cooling wheel from 21 to 63 m/s. Then the cooling rates of ribbons were controlled. The effect of this cooling rate on austenitic and martensitic transformations behaviors is discussed. (author)

Characteristics and in vitro biological assessment of (Ti, O, N)/Ti composite coating formed on NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sun Tao; Wang Langping; Wang Min; Tong, Ho-Wang; Lu, William W.

2011-01-01

In this investigation, plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) was used to fabricate a (Ti, O, N)/Ti coating on NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) to improve its long-term biocompatibility and wear resistance. The surface morphology, composition and roughness of uncoated and coated NiTi SMA samples were examined. Energy dispersive X-ray elemental mapping of cross-sections of (Ti, O, N)/Ti coated NiTi SMA revealed that Ni was depleted from the surface of coated samples. No Ni was detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the surface of coated samples. Furthermore, three-point bending tests showed that the composite coating could undergo large deformation without cracking or delamination. After 1 day cell culture, SaOS-2 cells on coated samples spread better than those on uncoated NiTi SMA samples. The proliferation of SaOS-2 cells on coated samples was significantly higher at day 3 and day 7 of cell culture.

Evaluation of the interfacial shear strength between pseudoplastic NiTi shape memory alloy wires and epoxy by the pull-out method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Spārniņš, E; Michaud, V; Leterrier, Y; Andersons, J

2015-01-01

The interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between nickel–titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy wires, characterized by a nonlinear stress–strain behavior, and epoxy matrix was determined by pull-out tests. Tests were carried out at several temperatures and levels of pre-strain in the wires, to evaluate the effects of embedded wire length and of crystalline state of the alloy. The IFSS between the twinned NiTi and epoxy was estimated at 24 MPa, and found to increase to 47 MPa for completely detwinned and preloaded martensitic NiTi. This increase in IFSS values was attributed to microcracking of the superficial TiO 2 layer and the resulting roughening of the NiTi wire surface. (paper)

The study of new complex compounds of Ni (II) and Co (II) with N- hydroxy-succinimide and their potential applications as sensors

Science.gov (United States)

Sibiescu, Doina; Tutulea, Mihaela-Dana; Mîţă, Carmen; Stan, Corneliu; Roţca, Ioan; Vizitiu, Mihaela

2010-11-01

In this paper, the study of obtaining new coordination compounds of Ni (II) and Co(II) using as ligand, N-hydroxy-succinimide, was presented. Also, the stability constants of these compounds in aqueous medium were determined. The obtaining conditions and the stability of the new compounds were accomplished in aqueous solutions using characteristic methods for coordination compounds: pH-metry, conductometry and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. The combination ratios and the stability constants were determined with methods characteristic for studies in solutions. From experimental data resulted that the combination ratio of central metallic atoms with the ligand N-hydroxy-succinimide was: 1:1 and respectively 1:2. In the experiments were used salts of NiCl2.6H2O and CoCl2.6H2O. The optimal domain of pH stability of the studied compounds is limited between 5.74 - 5.86 for Co- N-hydroxy-succinimide (for molar ratio 1:1 and 1:2) and respectively 5.69 - 5.87 for Ni-N-hydroxysuccinimide( for molar ratio 1:1 and 1:2, too). It is important to mention that these compounds were used with very good results in determination of wastewaters from textile, metallurgical, chemical and food industry. Complexion reactions with this ligand are very sensitive for the cations in this paper mentioned. Therefore it is used most often with success in analytical chemistry and also it is posibil to use as sensors. The new complex compounds has electronics transitions at λ = 517 nm for both complexes Co-N-hydroxy-succinimide at molar ratio 1:1 and 1:2 and also at the same λ = 397nm for Ni-N-hydroxysuccinimide at molar ratio 1:1 and 1:2. These complexes compounds was separated and recrystallized from aqueous solution. From the spectrophotometric data it was determined the type and the nature of the electronics transitions by Dq parameters.

The study of mechanical properties and reactive stresses in the i-Ni-Nb shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Popov, N.N.; Sysoeva, T.I.; Lar'kin, V.F.; Vedernikova, I.I.; Prokoshkin, S.D.

2007-01-01

One investigated into the effect of the induced deformation value, rate and temperature, of the thermal treatment procedure and of the chemical composition on the mechanical properties and the development of the reactive stresses in Ti-Ni-Nb system shape memory alloys. One showed the effect of the material composition and of the deformation temperature on the mechanical features of the investigated alloys. One determined the temperature and deformation conditions ensuring the maximum level of the reactive stresses in the alloys. One revealed the dependence of the maximum reactive stress value on the austenite mechanical features, namely, on its yield limit. One chose Ti-Ni-Nb alloy compositions applicable in the pipeline thermomechanical connections [ru

Magnetron sputtered Cu{sub 3}N/NiTiCu shape memory thin film heterostructures for MEMS applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaur, Navjot; Choudhary, Nitin [Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Functional Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Physics and Centre of Nanotechnology (India); Goyal, Rajendra N. [Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Department of Chemistry (India); Viladkar, S. [Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Functional Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Physics and Centre of Nanotechnology (India); Matai, I.; Gopinath, P. [Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Centre for Nanotechnology (India); Chockalingam, S. [Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Department of Biotechnology (India); Kaur, Davinder, E-mail: dkaurfph@iitr.ernet.in [Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Functional Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Physics and Centre of Nanotechnology (India)

2013-03-15

In the present study, for the first time, Cu{sub 3}N/NiTiCu/Si heterostructures were successfully grown using magnetron sputtering technique. Nanocrystalline copper nitride (Cu{sub 3}N with thickness {approx}200 nm) thin films and copper nanodots were subsequently deposited on the surface of 2-{mu}m-thick NiTiCu shape memory thin films in order to improve the surface corrosion and nickel release properties of NiTiCu thin films. Interestingly, the phase transformation from martensite phase to austenite phase has been observed in Cu{sub 3}N/NiTiCu heterostructures with corresponding change in texture and surface morphology of top Cu{sub 3}N films. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope images of the heterostructures reveals the formation of 20-nm-sized copper nanodots on NiTiCu surface at higher deposition temperature (450 Degree-Sign C) of Cu{sub 3}N. Cu{sub 3}N passivated NiTiCu films possess low corrosion current density with higher corrosion potential and, therefore, better corrosion resistance as compared to pure NiTiCu films. The concentration of Ni released from the Cu{sub 3}N/NiTiCu samples was observed to be much less than that of pure NiTiCu film. It can be reduced to the factor of about one-ninth after the surface passivation resulting in smooth, homogeneous and highly corrosion resistant surface. The antibacterial and cytotoxicity of pure and Cu{sub 3}N coated NiTiCu thin films were investigated through green fluorescent protein expressing E. coli bacteria and human embryonic kidney cells. The results show the strong antibacterial property and non cytotoxicity of Cu{sub 3}N/NiTiCu heterostructure. This work is of immense technological importance due to variety of BioMEMS applications.

High quality vacuum induction melting of small quantities of NiTi shape memory alloys in graphite crucibles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frenzel, J.; Zhang, Z.; Neuking, K.; Eggeler, G.

2004-01-01

Binary NiTi based shape memory alloys can be produced starting from the pure elements (Ni-pellets, Ti-rods) by using vacuum induction melting (VIM). VIM ingot metallurgy is known to produce materials with a good chemical homogeneity; it, moreover, is cheaper than vacuum arc melting (VAM) when small quantities of laboratory materials are needed. In a VIM procedure, graphite crucibles are attractive because they have appropriate electrical properties. For NiTi melting, graphite crucibles are interesting because they are reasonably priced and they show a good resistance against thermal cracking. On the other hand, it is well known that melting of Ti alloys in graphite crucibles is associated with a vigorous interface reaction. And the carbon concentration of NiTi alloys needs to be kept below a certain minimum in order to assure that the functional properties of the alloys meet the required targets. Therefore, it is important to minimize the carbon pick up of the melt. The present work presents experimental results and discusses thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the reaction of NiTi melts with graphite crucibles; a method is suggested to keep the carbon dissolution into the melt at a minimum

Transformation lines in an Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si polycrystalline shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, Kikuaki; Hayashi, Toshimitsu; Fischer, F.D.; Buchmayr, B.

1994-01-01

Transformation lines, the martensite/austenite start and finish conditions in the stress-temperature plane, are determined in an Fe-Cr-Ni-Mn-Si polycrystalline shape memory alloy with two different experimental procedures. The transformation lines are shown to be almost linear with nearly the same slope. The martensitic transformation zone and the reverse transformation zone do not coincide, and the reverse transformation zone is very wide; T Af -T As ∼ 180 K. The strong dependence on the preloading of the transformation lines, especially of the reverse transformation lines, is examined. (orig.)

Molecular dynamics simulation of radiation-induced amorphization of the ordered compound NiZr2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Devanathan, R.; Meshii, M.

1992-12-01

We have studied the electron irradiation-induced amorphization of the ordered intermetallic compound NiZr 2 by molecular dynamics simulations in conjunction with embedded-atom potentials. Randomly chosen Frenkel pairs and chemical disorder were introduced into the system in separate processes. In both cases, the energy and volume of the system rose above the corresponding levels of a quenched liquid and the calculated diffraction patterns indicated the occurrence of a crystalline-to-amorphous transition. In addition, the average shear elastic constant fell to about 50% of its value in the perfect crystal and the system became elastically isotropic. These results indicate that NiZr 2 can be amorphized by chemical disorder as well as Frenkel pairs and are in good agreement with experimental observations

The effect of addition of various elements on properties of NiTi-based shape memory alloys for biomedical application

Science.gov (United States)

Kök, Mediha; Ateş, Gonca

2017-04-01

In biomedical applications, NiTi and NiTi-based alloys that show their shape memory effects at body temperature are preferred. In this study, the purpose is to produce NiTi and NiTi-based alloys with various chemical rates and electron concentrations and to examine their various physical properties. N45Ti55, Ni45Ti50Cr2.5Cu2.5, Ni48Ti51X (X=Mn, Sn, Co) alloys were produced in an arc melter furnace in this study. After the homogenization of these alloys, the martensitic phase transformation temperatures were determined with differential-scanner calorimeter. The transformation temperature was found to be below the 37 ° C (body temperature) in Ni45Ti50Cr2.5Cu2.5, Ni48Ti51X (X=Mn, Co) alloys; and the transformation temperature of the N45Ti55, Ni48Ti51Sn alloys was found to be over 37 ° C . Then, the micro and crystal structure analyses of the alloys were made, and it was determined that Ni45Ti50Cr2.5Cu2.5, Ni48Ti51X (X=Mn, Co) alloys, which were in austenite phase at room temperature, included B2 (NiTi) phase and Ti2Ni precipitation phase, and the alloys that were in the martensite phase at room temperature included B19ı (NiTi) phase and Ti2Ni phase. The common phase in both alloy groups is the Ti2Ni phase, and this type of phase is generally seen in NiTi alloys that are rich in titanium (Ti-rich).

The effect of a fourth element (Co, Cu, Fe, Pd) on the standard enthalpy of formation of the Heusler compound Ni{sub 2}MnSn

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yin, Ming, E-mail: myin1@hawk.iit.edu; Nash, Philip

2016-05-15

The standard enthalpies of formation of quaternary Heusler compounds (X, Ni){sub 2}MnSn (X = Co, Cu, Fe, Pd) were investigated experimentally using high temperature direct reaction calorimetry. Lattice parameters of these compounds were determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Microstructures were identified using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The effect of an additional X element on the standard enthalpy of formation of the Heusler compound Ni{sub 2}MnSn is discussed. - Highlights: • Enthalpies of formation of (X,Ni){sub 2}YZ (X = Co, Cu, Fe, Pd) were measured by drop calorimeters. • Magnetic contribution to enthalpy of formation plays an important role. • Introducing a fourth element could stabilize an unstable Heusler structure. • Lattice parameters do not necessarily obey the Vegard's law. • It is possible to tailor properties of Heusler compounds with enough background information.

The crystal structure and electronic properties of a new metastable non-stoichiometric BaAl{sub 4}-type compound crystallized from amorphous La{sub 6}Ni{sub 34}Ge{sub 60} alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hasegawa, Masashi [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Suzuki, Shoichiro [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Ohsuna, Tetsu [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Matsubara, Eiichiro [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Endo, Satoshi [Center for Low Temperature Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan); Inoue, Akihisa [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Katahira 980-8577 (Japan)

2004-11-17

A new metastable La-Ge-Ni ternary BaAl{sub 4}-type (ThCr{sub 2}Si{sub 2}-type) compound, of which the space group is I4/mmm is synthesized. It is obtained by a polymorphic transformation from an La{sub 6}Ni{sub 34}Ge{sub 60} amorphous alloy on crystallizing. The formula of the compound is (La{sub 0.3}Ge{sub 0.7})(Ni{sub 0.85}Ge{sub 0.15}){sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. This indicates that it is highly non-stoichiometric compared to the stoichiometric LaNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. It is found that the c-axis lattice parameter of this compound is much longer than that of LaNi{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}. It should be noted that the longer c-axis unit cell parameter is attributable only to the longer interlayer distance between Ge site and Ni site layers. The temperature dependences of electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power of the (La{sub 0.3}Ge{sub 0.7})(Ni{sub 0.85}Ge{sub 0.15}){sub 2}Ge{sub 2} compound and La{sub 6}Ni{sub 34}Ge{sub 60} amorphous alloy are also clarified. The comparison of these electronic properties between the two materials indicates that sp-electrons mainly contribute to the density of states around the Fermi level of this compound.

Thin film shape memory alloys for optical sensing applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fu, Y Q; Luo, J K; Huang, W M; Flewitt, A J; Milne, W I

2007-01-01

Based on shape memory effect of the sputtered thin film shape memory alloys, different types of micromirror structures were designed and fabricated for optical sensing application. Using surface micromachining, TiNi membrane mirror structure has been fabricated, which can be actuated based on intrinsic two-way shape memory effect of the free-standing TiNi film. Using bulk micromachining, TiNi/Si and TiNi/Si 3 N 4 microcantilever mirror structures were fabricated

Characteristics of Ti-Ni-Pd shape memory alloy thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang Congchun; Yang Chunsheng; Ding Duifu; Qian Shiqiang; Wu Jiansheng

2005-01-01

Ti-Ni-Pd thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. Microstructure and phase transformation behaviors were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), by transmission electron microscopy and by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Also tensile tests and the internal friction characteristics were examined. Annealing at 750 deg. C followed by subsequent annealing at 450 deg. C resulted in relatively homogeneous microstructure and uniform martensite/austenite transformation. The results from DSC showed clearly the martensitic transformation upon heating and cooling, the transformation temperatures are 112 deg. C (M* peak) and 91 deg. C (M peak), respectively. The transformation characteristics are also found in strain-temperature curves and internal friction-temperature curves. The film had shape memory effect. The frequency had no effect on the modulus, but the internal friction decreased with increasing frequency

Structural and Mössbauer spectroscopy characterization of bulk and nanostructured TiFe{sub 0.5} Ni{sub 0.5}/graphite compounds and their hydrides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Martínez, M. A. R., E-mail: fisicorodriguez@gmail.com; André-Filho, J.; Félix, L. L.; Coaquira, J. A. H.; Garg, V. K.; Oliveira, A. C. [Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Núcleo de Física Aplicada (Brazil); Mestnik-Filho, J. [Instituto de Pesquisas energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN-CNEN/SP (Brazil)

2015-06-15

The structural and hyperfine properties of bulk TiFe{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5} intermetallic and ball-milled TiFe{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}/graphite compounds and their hydrides have been studied. The bulk and nanostructured TiFe{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5} compounds crystallize in the cubic crystal structure of CsCl (B2). After hydrogenation, the formation of hydrogen-poor phase (∝-phase) and hydride phase (β-phase) have been determined for the bulk compound. However, the formation of the ∝-phase and the hydrogen-richest phase (γ-phase) and other secondary phases have been determined for the ball-milled TiFe{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}/graphite sample. It has been determined that the ball-milled TiFe{sub 0.5}Ni{sub 0.5}/graphite sample presents a large amount of the γ-phase which indicates that the presence of graphite nearby nanostructured intermetallic grains enhances the absorption of hydrogen. Mossbauer results are consistent with the structural results. Meanwhile, no significant changes in the isomer shift (IS) value has been determined for the α-phase with respect to the intermetallic compound, a strong increase in the IS value has been determined for the β- and γ-phases with respect to the ∝-phase. That increase indicates a decrease of the s-electron density at the Fe nuclei due to the charge transfer from the metal to the nearby hydrogen atoms.

Rapid Obtaining of Nano-Hydroxyapatite Bioactive Films on NiTi Shape Memory Alloy by Electrodeposition Process

Science.gov (United States)

Lobo, A. O.; Otubo, J.; Matsushima, J. T.; Corat, E. J.

2011-07-01

Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) crystalline films have been developed in this study by electrodeposition method on NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA). The electrodeposition of the n-HA films was carried out using 0.042 mol/L Ca(NO3)2 · 4H2O + 0.025 mol/L (NH4) · 2HPO4 electrolytes by applying a constant potential of -2.0 V for 120 min and keeping the solution temperature at 70 °C. The characterization of n-HA films is of special importance since bioactive properties related to n-HA have been directly identified with its specific composition and crystalline structure. AFM, XRD, EDX, FEG-SEM and Raman spectroscopy shows a homogeneous film, with high crystallinity, special composition, and bioactivity properties (Ca/P = 1.93) of n-HA on NiTi SMA surfaces. The n-HA coating with special structure would benefit the use of NiTi alloy in orthopedic applications.

Magnetic domains and twin microstructure of single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Heczko, Oleg; Kopecký, Vít; Fekete, Ladislav; Jurek, Karel; Kopeček, Jaromír; Straka, L.; Seiner, Hanuš

2015-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 11 (2015), s. 1-4, č. článku 2505304. ISSN 0018-9464 R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36566G Institutional support: RVO:68378271 ; RVO:61388998 Keywords : magnetic domain * magnetic shape memory * NiMnGa Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism OBOR OECD: Condensed matter physics (including formerly solid state physics, supercond.) Impact factor: 1.277, year: 2015

Magnetic domains and twin microstructure of single crystal Ni-Mn-Ga exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Heczko, Oleg; Kopecký, Vít; Fekete, Ladislav; Jurek, Karel; Kopeček, Jaromír; Straka, L.; Seiner, Hanuš

2015-01-01

Roč. 51, č. 11 (2015), s. 7150406 ISSN 0018-9464 R&D Projects: GA ČR GB14-36566G; GA MŠk LO1409 Grant - others:FUNBIO(XE) CZ.2.16/3.1.00/21568 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 ; RVO:61388998 Keywords : magnetic domain * magnetic shape memory * NiMnGa Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.277, year: 2015

PRECIPITATION HARDENING IN B2-ORDERED NiAl BY Ni2AlTiCOMPOUND

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

W.H. Tian; K. Ohishi; M. Nemoto

2001-01-01

Microstructural variations and correlated hardness changes in B2-ordered NiAl containing fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi have been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and hardness tests. The amount of age hardening is not large as compared to the large microstructural variations during aging. TEM observations have revealed that the L21-type Ni2AlTi precipitates keep a lattice coherency with the NiAl matrix at the beginning of aging. By longer periods of aging Ni2AlTi precipitates lose their coherency and change their morphology to the globular ones surrounded by misfit dislocations. The temperature dependence of the yield strength of precipitate-containing B2-ordered NiAl was investigated by compression tests over the temperature range of 873-1273K. The fine precipitation of Ni2AlTi was found to enhance greatly the yield strength and the high-temperature strength is comparison with that of superalloy Mar-M200.``

Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in NiTi alloy covered by chitosan/silver layer

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Goryczka Tomasz

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The NiTi shape memory alloy was covered with chitosan/silver layer. Coatings were deposited at room temperature using combination of processing parameters such as deposition voltage and amount of silver in colloidal suspension. Structure of layers was studied by means of X-ray diffraction. Quality of the coatings was evaluated basing on observations done in scanning electron microscopy. Transformation behaviour of coated samples was studied with use of differential scanning calorimeter. The covered sample revealed presence of the reversible martensitic transformation and ability to deformation (in bending mode up to 8%. Forward martensitic transformation, in as-received NiTi alloy and in alloy after layer deposition occurred in two steps B2-R-B19’. After deformation quality of the chitosan/silver layer remained unchanged.

Hydrogen storage in Mg-Ni-Fe compounds prepared by melt spinning and ball milling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palade, P. [Settore Materiali, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (Italy); National Institute for Physics of Materials, Atomistilor 105 bis, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Sartori, S. [Settore Materiali, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (Italy); Maddalena, A. [Settore Materiali, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (Italy); Principi, G. [Settore Materiali, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Universita di Padova, via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova (Italy)]. E-mail: giovanni.principi@unipd.it; Lo Russo, S. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova (Italy); Lazarescu, M. [National Institute for Physics of Materials, Atomistilor 105 bis, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Schinteie, G. [National Institute for Physics of Materials, Atomistilor 105 bis, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Kuncser, V. [National Institute for Physics of Materials, Atomistilor 105 bis, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania); Filoti, G. [National Institute for Physics of Materials, Atomistilor 105 bis, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele (Romania)

2006-05-18

Magnesium-rich Mg-Ni-Fe intermetallic compounds have been prepared by two different routes: (a) short time ball milling of ribbons obtained by melt spinning; (b) long time ball milling of a mixture of MgH{sub 2}, Ni and Fe powders. The first type of samples displays an hydrogen desorption kinetics better than the second one. Pressure composition isotherm measurements exhibit for both type of samples two plateaux, the lower and wider corresponding to the MgH{sub 2} phase and the upper and shorter corresponding to the Mg{sub 2}NiH{sub 4} phase. The presence of the two types of hydrides is confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Moessbauer spectroscopy shows that in melt spun and subsequently milled samples iron is mainly in a disordered structure and segregates after hydrogenation, while in directly milled powders remains mainly unalloyed. After multiple hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles the main part of iron is in metallic state in samples of both types, those of first type preserving better hydrogen desorption kinetics.

Computational modelling of Ti50Pt50-xMx shape memory alloys (M: Ni, Ir or Pd and x = 6.25-43.75 at.%)

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Modiba, Rosinah M

2017-09-01

Full Text Available The ab initio density functional theory approach was employed to study the effect of Ni, Ir or Pd addition to the TiPt shape memory alloy. The supercell approach in VASP was used to substitute Pt with 6.25, 18.75, 25.00, 31.25 and 43.75 at.% Ni, Ir...

NiTi shape-memory alloy oxidized in low-temperature plasma with carbon coating: Characteristic and a potential for cardiovascular applications

Science.gov (United States)

Witkowska, Justyna; Sowińska, Agnieszka; Czarnowska, Elżbieta; Płociński, Tomasz; Borowski, Tomasz; Wierzchoń, Tadeusz

2017-11-01

Surface layers currently produced on NiTi alloys do not meet all the requirements for materials intended for use in cardiology. Plasma surface treatments of titanium and its alloys under glow discharge conditions make it possible to produce surface layers, such as TiN or TiO2, which increases corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. The production of layers on NiTi alloys with the same properties, and maintaining their shape memory and superelasticity features, requires the use of low-temperature processes. At the same time, since it is known that the carbon-based layers could prevent excessive adhesion and aggregation of platelets, we examined the composite a-CNH + TiO2 type surface layer produced by means of a hybrid method combining oxidation in low-temperature plasma and Radio Frequency Chemical Vapor Deposition (RFCVD) processes. Investigations have shown that this composite layer increases the corrosion resistance of the material, and both the low degree of roughness and the chemical composition of the surface produced lead to decreased platelet adhesion and aggregation and proper endothelialization, which could extend the range of applications of NiTi shape memory alloys.

Effect of electrothermal annealing on the transformation behavior of TiNi shape memory alloy and two-way shape memory spring actuated by direct electrical current

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Z.G.; Zu, X.T.; Feng, X.D.; Zhu, S.; Deng, J.; Wang, L.M.

2004-01-01

In this work, the effect of electrothermal annealing on the transformation characterization of TiNi shape memory alloy and the electrothermal actuating characteristics of a two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) extension spring were investigated with direct electrical current. The results showed that with increasing direct electrical current density, the B2→R-phase transformation shifts to a lower temperature and R-phase→B19' shifts to a higher temperature in the cooling process. When annealing electrical current density reached 12.2 A/mm 2 , the R-phase disappeared and austenite transformed into martensite directly. The electrothermal annealing was an effective method of heat treatment in a selected part of shape memory alloy device. The electrothermal actuating characteristics of a TWSME spring showed that the time response and the maximum elongation greatly depended on the magnitude of the electrical current

Shape Memory Characteristics of Ti(sub 49.5)Ni(sub 25)Pd(sub 25)Sc(sub 0.5) High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy After Severe Plastic Deformation

Science.gov (United States)

Atli, K. C.; Karaman, I.; Noebe, R. D.; Garg, A.; Chumlyakov, Y. I.; Kireeva, I. V.

2011-01-01

A Ti(49.5)Ni25Pd25Sc(0.5) high-temperature shape memory alloy is thermomechanically processed to obtain enhanced shape-memory characteristics: in particular, dimensional stability upon repeated thermal cycles under constant loads. This is accomplished using severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and post-processing annealing heat treatments. The results of the thermomechanical experiments reveal that the processed materials display enhanced shape memory response, exhibiting higher recoverable transformation and reduced irrecoverable strain levels upon thermal cycling compared with the unprocessed material. This improvement is attributed to the increased strength and resistance of the material against defect generation upon phase transformation as a result of the microstructural refinement due to the ECAE process, as supported by the electron microscopy observations.

Annealing behavior and shape memory effect in NiTi alloy processed by equal-channel angular pressing at room temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shahmir, Hamed; Nili-Ahmadabadi, Mahmoud; Wang, Chuan Ting; Jung, Jai Myun; Kim, Hyoung Seop; Langdon, Terence G.

2015-01-01

A martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy was processed successfully by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) for one pass at room temperature using a core–sheath billet design. The annealing behavior and shape memory effect of the ECAP specimens were studied followed by post-deformation annealing (PDA) at 673 K for various times. The recrystallization and structural evolution during annealing were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The results indicate that the shape memory effect improves by PDA after ECAP processing. Annealing for 10 min gives a good shape memory effect which leads to a maximum in recoverable strain of 6.9 pct upon heating where this is more than a 25 pct improvement compared with the initial state

Stress-temperature phase diagram of a ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chernenko, V.A.; Pons, J.; Cesari, E.; Ishikawa, K.

2005-01-01

A sequence of thermally and stress-induced intermartensitic transformations has been found in a Ni 52.0 Mn 24.4 Ga 23.6 single crystal, which have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy through in situ cooling experiments. The stress-strain-temperature behavior under compression along the P and P crystallographic directions has also been studied for this compound and a stress-temperature phase diagram has been established

Role of nano-precipitation on the microstructure and shape memory characteristics of a new Ni{sub 50.3}Ti{sub 34.7}Zr{sub 15} shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Evirgen, A. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Karaman, I., E-mail: ikaraman@tamu.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A& M University, College Station, TX 77843 (United States); Pons, J.; Santamarta, R. [Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Noebe, R.D. [Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 (United States)

2016-02-08

The microstructure and shape memory characteristics of the Ni{sub 50.3}Ti{sub 34.7}Zr{sub 15} shape memory alloy were investigated as a function of aging heat treatments that result in nanometer to submicron size precipitates. Microstructure–property relationships were developed by characterizing samples using transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and load-biased thermal cycling experiments. The precipitate size was found to strongly influence the martensitic transformation–precipitate interactions and ultimately the shape memory characteristics of the alloy. Aging treatments resulting in relatively fine precipitates, which are not an obstacle to twin boundaries and easily bypassed by martensite variants, exhibited higher transformation strain, lower transformation thermal hysteresis, and better thermal and dimensional stability compared to samples with relatively large precipitates. When precipitate dimensions approached several hundred nanometers in size they acted as obstacles to martensite growth, limiting martensite variant and twin size resulting in reduced functional and structural properties. Aging heat treatments were also shown to result in a wide range of transformation temperatures, increasing them above 100 °C in some cases, and affected the stress dependence of the transformation hysteresis and the stress versus transformation temperature relationships for the Ni{sub 50.3}Ti{sub 34.7}Zr{sub 15} alloy.

Role of nano-precipitation on the microstructure and shape memory characteristics of a new Ni_5_0_._3Ti_3_4_._7Zr_1_5 shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Evirgen, A.; Karaman, I.; Pons, J.; Santamarta, R.; Noebe, R.D.

2016-01-01

The microstructure and shape memory characteristics of the Ni_5_0_._3Ti_3_4_._7Zr_1_5 shape memory alloy were investigated as a function of aging heat treatments that result in nanometer to submicron size precipitates. Microstructure–property relationships were developed by characterizing samples using transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and load-biased thermal cycling experiments. The precipitate size was found to strongly influence the martensitic transformation–precipitate interactions and ultimately the shape memory characteristics of the alloy. Aging treatments resulting in relatively fine precipitates, which are not an obstacle to twin boundaries and easily bypassed by martensite variants, exhibited higher transformation strain, lower transformation thermal hysteresis, and better thermal and dimensional stability compared to samples with relatively large precipitates. When precipitate dimensions approached several hundred nanometers in size they acted as obstacles to martensite growth, limiting martensite variant and twin size resulting in reduced functional and structural properties. Aging heat treatments were also shown to result in a wide range of transformation temperatures, increasing them above 100 °C in some cases, and affected the stress dependence of the transformation hysteresis and the stress versus transformation temperature relationships for the Ni_5_0_._3Ti_3_4_._7Zr_1_5 alloy.

Heat treatments and thermomechanical cycling influences on the R-phase in Ti-Ni shape memory alloys

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cezar Henrique Gonzalez

2010-09-01

Full Text Available This article studies changes observed on the R-phase thermoelastic behavior in a near-equiatomic Ti-Ni shape memory alloy. Three kinds of procedures have been performed: different treatments, thermomechanical cycling under constant loading in shape memory helical springs and thermal cycling in as-treated and trained samples. Several heat treatments were carried out to investigate evolution of the R-phase by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC. A heat treatment was chosen on which R-phase is absent. Shape memory springs were produced and submitted to a training process in an apparatus by tensioning the springs under constant loading. Thermal cycling in DSC was realized in as-treated and trained samples. Several aspects of one-step (B2→B19' and two-steps (B2→R→B19' martensitic transformations and R-phase formation and their evolution during tests were observed and discussed.

Phase volume fractions and strain measurements in an ultrafine-grained NiTi shape-memory alloy during tensile loading

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, M.L.; Wagner, M.F.-X.; Frenzel, J.; Schmahl, W.W.; Eggeler, G.

2010-01-01

An ultrafine-grained pseudoelastic NiTi shape-memory alloy wire with 50.9 at.% Ni was examined using synchrotron X-ray diffraction during in situ uniaxial tensile loading (up to 1 GPa) and unloading. Both macroscopic stress-strain measurements and volume-averaged lattice strains are reported and discussed. The loading behavior is described in terms of elasto-plastic deformation of austenite, emergence of R phase, stress-induced martensitic transformation, and elasto-plastic deformation, grain reorientation and detwinning of martensite. The unloading behavior is described in terms of stress relaxation and reverse plasticity of martensite, reverse transformation of martensite to austenite due to stress relaxation, and stress relaxation of austenite. Microscopically, lattice strains in various crystallographic directions in the austenitic B2, martensitic R, and martensitic B19' phases are examined during loading and unloading. It is shown that the phase transformation occurs in a localized manner along the gage length at the plateau stress. Phase volume fractions and lattice strains in various crystallographic reflections in the austenite and martensite phases are examined over two transition regions between austenite and martensite, which have a width on the order of the wire diameter. Anisotropic effects observed in various crystallographic reflections of the austenitic phase are also discussed. The results contribute to a better understanding of the tensile loading behavior, both macroscopically and microscopically, of NiTi shape-memory alloys.

Damage-based life prediction model for uniaxial low-cycle stress fatigue of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy microtubes

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Di; Kang, Guozheng; Kan, Qianhua; Yu, Chao; Zhang, Chuanzeng

2015-08-01

Based on the experimental observations for the uniaxial low-cycle stress fatigue failure of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy microtubes (Song et al 2015 Smart Mater. Struct. 24 075004) and a new definition of damage variable corresponding to the variation of accumulated dissipation energy, a phenomenological damage model is proposed to describe the damage evolution of the NiTi microtubes during cyclic loading. Then, with a failure criterion of Dc = 1, the fatigue lives of the NiTi microtubes are predicted by the damage-based model, the predicted lives are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and all of the points are located within an error band of 1.5 times.

Damage-based life prediction model for uniaxial low-cycle stress fatigue of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy microtubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Di; Kang, Guozheng; Kan, Qianhua; Yu, Chao; Zhang, Chuanzeng

2015-01-01

Based on the experimental observations for the uniaxial low-cycle stress fatigue failure of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy microtubes (Song et al 2015 Smart Mater. Struct. 24 075004) and a new definition of damage variable corresponding to the variation of accumulated dissipation energy, a phenomenological damage model is proposed to describe the damage evolution of the NiTi microtubes during cyclic loading. Then, with a failure criterion of D c = 1, the fatigue lives of the NiTi microtubes are predicted by the damage-based model, the predicted lives are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and all of the points are located within an error band of 1.5 times. (paper)

Vacuum Arc Melting Processes for Biomedical Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy

OpenAIRE

Tsai De-Chang; Chiang Chen-Hsueh

2015-01-01

This study primarily involved using a vacuum arc remelting (VAR) process to prepare a nitinol shape-memory alloy with distinct ratios of alloy components (nitinol: 54.5 wt% to 57 wt%). An advantage of using the VAR process is the adoption of a water-cooled copper crucible, which effectively prevents crucible pollution and impurity infiltration. Optimising the melting production process enables control of the alloy component and facilitates a uniformly mixed compound during subsequent processi...

Applications of shape memory alloys in Japan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asai, M.; Suzuki, Y.

2000-01-01

In Japan, a first application of shape memory TiNi alloy was a moving flap in an air-conditioner which was developed as sensing function of shape memory alloy at Matsushista Electric Industrial Co. Then, shape memory utilized in a coffee maker, an electric rice-cooker, a thermal mixing valve and etc. were commercialized in Japan. And brassiere wires, a guide wire for medical treatment, an antenna for portable telephone and others were commercialized utilizing superelasticity. At the same time with these commercial products, there was not only progress in fabrication technology to effect accurate transformation temperature, but also the discovery of small hysteresis alloy such as R-phase or TiNiCu alloy and low transformation temperature alloy such as TiNiFe, TiNiV and TiNiCo alloys. Therefore the shape memory alloy market has expanded widely to electric appliances, automobile, residence, medical care and other field today. (orig.)

Nucleus incertus inactivation impairs spatial learning and memory in rats.

Science.gov (United States)

Nategh, Mohsen; Nikseresht, Sara; Khodagholi, Fariba; Motamedi, Fereshteh

2015-02-01

Nucleus incertus (NI) is a pontine nucleus which releases mainly GABA and relaxin-3 in rats. Its suggested functions include response to stress, arousal, and modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm. Since the role of NI in learning and memory has not been well characterized, therefore the involvement of this nucleus in spatial learning and memory and the aftermath hippocampal levels of c-fos and pCREB were evaluated. NI was targeted by implanting cannula in male rats. For reference memory, NI was inactivated by lidocaine (0.4 μl, 4%) at three stages of acquisition, consolidation and retrieval in Morris water maze paradigm. For working memory, NI was inactivated in acquisition and retrieval phases. Injection of lidocaine prior to the first training session of reference memory significantly increased the distance moved, suggesting that inactivation of NI delays acquisition in this spatial task. Inactivation also interfered with the retrieval phase of spatial reference memory, as the time in target quadrant for lidocaine group was less, and the escape latency was higher compared to the control group. However, no difference was observed in the consolidation phase. In the working memory task, with inter-trial intervals of 75 min, the escape latency was higher when NI was inactivated in the retrieval phase. In addition, c-fos and pCREB/CREB levels decreased in NI-inhibited rats. This study suggests that nucleus incertus might participate in acquisition of spatial reference, and retrieval of both spatial reference and working memory. Further studies should investigate possible roles of NI in the hippocampal plasticity. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Electron irradiation effect on the reverse phase transformation temperatures in TiNi shape memory alloy thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Z.G.; Zu, X.T.; Fu, Y.Q.; Zhu, S.; Wang, L.M.

2005-01-01

In this work, Ti-Ni shape memory alloy thin films were irradiated by 1.7 MeV electron with three types of fluences: 4 x 10 20 , 7 x 10 20 and 1 x 10 21 /m 2 . The influence of electron irradiation on the transformation behavior of the TiNi thin films were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry. The transformation temperatures A s and A f shifted to higher temperature after electron irradiation, the martensite was stabilized. The electron irradiation effect can be easily eliminated by one thermal cycle. The shifts of the transformation temperatures can be explained from the change of potential energy barrier and coherency energy between parent phase and martensite after irradiation

Irreversibility in room temperature current–voltage characteristics of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles: A signature of electrical memory effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dey, P., E-mail: pujaiitkgp2007@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, W.B. 713340 (India); Debnath, Rajesh; Singh, Swati; Mandal, S.K. [Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046 (India); Roy, J.N. [Department of Physics, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, W.B. 713340 (India); Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046 (India)

2017-01-01

Room temperature I–V characteristics study, both in presence and absence of magnetic field (1800 Oe), has been performed on NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles, having different particle size (φ~14, 21 and 31 nm). Our experiments on these nanoparticles provide evidences for: (1) electrical irreversibility or hysteretic behaviour; (2) positive magnetoresistance and (3) magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility or hysteresis in the sample. “Hysteretic” nature of I–V curve reveals the existence of electrical memory effect in the sample. Significantly, such hysteresis has been found to be tuned by magnetic field. In order to explain the observed electrical irreversibility, we have proposed a phenomenological model on the light of induced polarization in the sample. Both the positive magnetoresistance and the observed magnetic field dependence of electrical irreversibility have been explained through magnetostriction phenomenon. Interestingly, such effects are found to get reduced with increasing particle size. For NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles having φ=31 nm, we did not observe any irreversibility effect. This feature has been attributed to the enhanced grain surface effect that in turn gives rise to the residual polarization and hence electrical memory effect in NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles, having small nanoscopic particle size. - Highlights: • I-V characteristics study of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles with varying particle sizes. • Experiments evident electrical hysteretic behaviour, i.e., electrical memory effect. • Magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility is due to magnetostriction. • A phenomenological model has been proposed on the light of induced polarization. • Such electrical irreversibility decreases with increasing particle sizes.

Development of a self-stressing NiTiNb shape memory alloy (SMA)/fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) patch

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

El-Tahan, M; Dawood, M; Song, G

2015-01-01

The objective of this research is to develop a self-stressing patch using a combination of shape memory alloys (SMAs) and fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. Prestressed carbon FRP patches are emerging as a promising alternative to traditional methods to repair cracked steel structures and civil infrastructure. However, prestressing these patches typically requires heavy and complex fixtures, which is impractical in many applications. This paper presents a new approach in which the prestressing force is applied by restraining the shape memory effect of NiTiNb SMA wires. The wires are subsequently embedded in an FRP overlay patch. This method overcomes the practical challenges associated with conventional prestressing. This paper presents the conceptual development of the self-stressing patch with the support of experimental observations. The bond between the SMA wires and the FRP is evaluated using pull-out tests. The paper concludes with an experimental study that evaluates the patch response during activation subsequent monotonic tensile loading. The results demonstrate that the self-stressing patch with NiTiNb SMA is capable of generating a significant prestressing force with minimal tool and labor requirements. (paper)

Influence of the particle size on phase transformation temperatures of Ni-49at.%Ti shape memory alloy powders

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anselmo, George Carlos. S.; Castro, Walman B. de; Araujo, Carlos Jose de

2009-01-01

It is important to control the martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) of Ti-Ni alloys because it determines the temperature range over which the shape memory effect and superelasticity appear. Powder metallurgy (PM) is known to provide the possibility of material saving and automated fabrication of at least semi-finished products as well as net-shape components for NiTi alloys. In this study powder with different particle sizes was subjected by gas atomization. The evolution of the control the martensitic transformation start temperature (Ms) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The effect of the particle size of powders on the transformation temperatures behaviors was discussed. (author)

Regularity in the formation of compounds in ternary R-Me-Sn systems, R - REM, Me - Fe, Co, Ni, Cu

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Skolozdra, R.V.; Komarovskaya, L.P.; Koretskaya, O.Eh.

1992-01-01

For the ternary alloy systems of (La, Y, Gd, Lu)-Fe-Sn, (Ce, Y, Gd)-Co-Sn, (Ce, Y, Gd, Lu)-Ni-Sn and (Pr, Gd, Lu)-Cu-Sn isothermal sections of phase diagrams were plotted within the range of 670 to 870 K. It was revealed that substitution of transition metal in the kFe-Co-Ni-Cu series led to changes both in a number of ternary stannides and their structural types. A tendency was observed in change of stannide numbers depending on quantity ratio of R and Me components. Crystallochemical analysis of compounds obtained showed that they could be treated as interstitial structures or lsuperstructures with respect to them. The results of magnetic properties measurements were used for explanation of structural features of ternary compounds considered

Compound Schisandra-Ginseng-Notoginseng-Lycium Extract Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Disorders in Mice

OpenAIRE

Li, Ning; Liu, Cong; Jing, Shu; Wang, Mengyang; Wang, Han; Sun, Jinghui; Wang, Chunmei; Chen, Jianguang; Li, He

2017-01-01

Schisandra, Ginseng, Notoginseng, and Lycium barbarum are traditional Chinese medicinal plants sharing cognitive-enhancing properties. To design a functional food to improve memory, we prepared a compound Schisandra-Ginseng-Notoginseng-Lycium (CSGNL) extract and investigated its effect on scopolamine-induced learning and memory loss in mice. To optimize the dose ratios of the four herbal extracts in CSGNL, orthogonal experiments were performed. Mice were administered CSGNL by gavage once a da...

Shape memory behavior of single and polycrystalline nickel rich nickel titanium alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Kaya, Irfan

NiTi is the most commonly used shape memory alloy (SMA) and has been widely used for bio-medical, electrical and mechanical applications. Nickel rich NiTi shape memory alloys are coming into prominence due to their distinct superelasticity and shape memory properties as compared to near equi-atomic NiTi shape memory alloys. Besides, their lower density and higher work output than steels makes these alloys an excellent candidate for aerospace and automotive industry. Shape memory properties and phase transformation behavior of high Ni-rich Ni54Ti46 (at.%) polycrystals and Ni-rich Ni 51Ti49 (at.%) single-crystals are determined. Their properties are sensitive to heat treatments that affect the phase transformation behavior of these alloys. Phase transformation properties and microstructure were investigated in aged Ni54Ti46 alloys with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to reveal the precipitation characteristics and R-phase formation. It was found that Ni54Ti46 has the ability to exhibit perfect superelasticity under high stress levels (~2 GPa) with 4% total strain after 550°C-3h aging. Stress independent R-phase transformation was found to be responsible for the change in shape memory behavior with stress. The shape memory responses of [001], [011] and [111] oriented Ni 51Ti49 single-crystals alloy were reported under compression to reveal the orientation dependence of their shape memory behavior. It has been found that transformation strain, temperatures and hysteresis, Classius-Clapeyron slopes, critical stress for plastic deformation are highly orientation dependent. The effects of precipitation formation and compressive loading at selected temperatures on the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) properties of a [111]- oriented Ni51Ti49 shape memory alloy were revealed. Additionally, aligned Ni4Ti3 precipitates were formed in a single crystal of Ni51Ti49 alloy by aging under applied compression stress along the

Low-temperature heat-capacity study of the U6X (XequivalentMn, Fe, Co, Ni) compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, K.N.; Maple, M.B.; DeLong, L.E.; Huber, J.G.; Junod, A.

1989-01-01

Measurements of the superconducting- and normal-state heat capacity of U 6 X (XequivalentMn, Fe, Co, Ni) compounds have been performed over a temperature range 1 Kapprox. 6 X compounds have strong renormalizations of the free-carrier effective mass m/sup */ in the range 10m/sub e/approx. 6 X heat capacities suggest the presence of high densities of low-energy excitations of undetermined nature. The results are analyzed in terms of models appropriate to heavy-fermion liquids, and anisotropic or strong-coupled superconductors. The U 6 X compounds form a link between relatively low-m/sup */, high-transition-temperature A15 compounds and the more extreme examples of heavy-fermion superconductors such as UBe/sub 13/, UPt 3 , and CeCuSi 2 for which m/sup */∼10 2 m/sub e/. .AE

Magnetization, shape memory and hysteresis behavior of single and polycrystalline FeNiCoTi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sehitoglu, H.; Efstathiou, C.; Maier, H.J.; Chumlyakov, Y.

2005-01-01

We report on the shape memory characteristics and magnetic behavior of polycrystalline and single crystalline FeNiCoTi. Predeforming the samples in the martensitic state and biasing of the martensite variants produced anisotropy in the magnetization behavior allowing the 'easy axis' to be identified as the 'a-axis' in the martensitic state. Based on these results, we provide an estimate of the magnetic anisotropy energy as 8.34x10 5 ergs/cm 3 . The results confirm the different magnetization behavior in the martensitic and austenitic states, and the shift in transformation temperatures upon application of a magnetic field. Shape memory strains near 2.5% are demonstrated under constant stress temperature cycling and upon heating at zero stress after deformation. We present a thermodynamics based theory that explains the origin of the hysteresis in this class of alloys emanating from the dissipation of energy due to plastic deformation. We predict the thermal hysteresis (135 K), and the shift in transformation temperature (14 K) with applied magnetic fields in agreement with the experimental results. The possibility of utilizing these classes of alloys as magnetic shape memory alloys is discussed

Martensitic transformation and phase stability of In-doped Ni-Mn-Sn shape memory alloys from first-principles calculations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Xiao, H. B.; Yang, C. P.; Wang, R. L.; Luo, X.; Marchenkov, V. V.

2014-01-01

The effect of the alloying element Indium (In) on the martensitic transition, magnetic properties, and phase stabilities of Ni 8 Mn 6 Sn 2−x In x shape memory alloys has been investigated using the first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method based on density functional theory. The energy difference between the austenitic and martensitic phases was found to increase with increasing In content, which implies an enhancement of the martensitic phase transition temperature (T M ). Moreover, the formation energy results indicate that In-doping increases the relative stability of Ni 8 Mn 6 Sn 2−x In x both in austenite and martensite. This results from a reduction in density of states near the Fermi level regions caused by Ni-3d–In-5p hybridization when Sn is replaced by In. The equilibrium equation of state results show that the alloys Ni 8 Mn 6 Sn 2−x In x exhibit an energetically degenerated effect for an In content of x = ∼1.5. This implies the coexistence of antiparallel and parallel configurations in the austenite.

Use of response surface methodology to evaluate the effect of metal ions (Ca2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cu2+) on production of antifungal compounds by Paenibacillus polymyxa.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Waseem; Hongsheng, Wu; Qirong, Shen

2010-03-01

The effects of four metal ions (Ca(2+), Ni(2+), Mn(2+) and Cu(2+)) were evaluated on growth and production of antifungal compounds by Paenibacillus polymyxa SQR-21 and a quadratic predictive model was developed using response surface methodology (RSM). The results revealed, Mn(2+) and Ni(2+) showed most positive synergistic interactive affect on production of antifungal compounds followed by the positive interactive synergistic affect of Cu(2+) and Ni(2+) and then Mn(2+) and Cu(2+). While the interactive effect of Ca(2+) with all other three metals inhibited the production of antifungal compounds. The Mn(2+) (P=0.0384), Ni(2+) (P=0.0004) and Cu(2+) (P=0.0117) significantly affected the production of antifungal compounds while the effect of Ca(2+) (P=0.1851) was less significant. The maximum growth (OD(600)=1.55) was obtained at 500 (0), 125 (0), 100 (-2) and 37.5 (0) microM levels and the maximum size of inhibition zone (31 mm) was measured at 400 (-1), 150 (1), 400 (1) and 25 microM (-1) levels of Ca(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+) and Cu(2+), respectively. The RSM model provided an easy and effective way to determine the interactive effect of metal ions on production of antifungal compounds by P. polymyxa SQR-21 so that optimum media recipes can be developed to produce maximum amounts of antifungal compounds under laboratory and commercial fermentation conditions. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Exploiting NiTi shape memory alloy films in design of tunable high frequency microcantilever resonators

Science.gov (United States)

Stachiv, I.; Sittner, P.; Olejnicek, J.; Landa, M.; Heller, L.

2017-11-01

Shape memory alloy (SMA) films are very attractive materials for microactuators because of their high energy density. However, all currently developed SMA actuators utilize martensitic transformation activated by periodically generated heating and cooling; therefore, they have a slow actuation speed, just a few Hz, which restricts their use in most of the nanotechnology applications such as high frequency microcantilever based physical and chemical sensors, atomic force microscopes, or RF filters. Here, we design tunable high frequency SMA microcantilevers for nanotechnology applications. They consist of a phase transforming NiTi SMA film sputtered on the common elastic substrate material; in our case, it is a single-crystal silicon. The reversible tuning of microcantilever resonant frequencies is then realized by intentionally changing the Young's modulus and the interlayer stress of the NiTi film by temperature, while the elastic substrate guarantees the high frequency actuation (up to hundreds of kHz) of the microcantilever. The experimental results qualitatively agree with predictions obtained from the dedicated model based on the continuum mechanics theory and a phase characteristic of NiTi. The present design of SMA microcantilevers expands the capability of current micro-/nanomechanical resonators by enabling tunability of several consecutive resonant frequencies.

Tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Ni-rich NiTi plates: functional behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, J. P.; Barbosa, D.; Braz Fernandes, F. M.; Miranda, R. M.

2016-03-01

It is often reported that, to successfully join NiTi shape memory alloys, fusion-based processes with reduced thermal affected regions (as in laser welding) are required. This paper describes an experimental study performed on the tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of 1.5 mm thick plates of Ni-rich NiTi. The functional behavior of the joints was assessed. The superelasticity was analyzed by cycling tests at maximum imposed strains of 4, 8 and 12% and for a total of 600 cycles, without rupture. The superelastic plateau was observed, in the stress-strain curves, 30 MPa below that of the base material. Shape-memory effect was evidenced by bending tests with full recovery of the initial shape of the welded joints. In parallel, uniaxial tensile tests of the joints showed a tensile strength of 700 MPa and an elongation to rupture of 20%. The elongation is the highest reported for fusion-welding of NiTi, including laser welding. These results can be of great interest for the wide-spread inclusion of NiTi in complex shaped components requiring welding, since TIG is not an expensive process and is simple to operate and implement in industrial environments.

Improvement of Ti-plasma coating on Ni-Ti shape memory alloy applying to implant materials and its evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Okuyama, Masaru; Endo, Jun; Take, Seisho; Itoi, Yasuhiko; Kambe, Satoshi

2002-01-01

Utilizing of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy for implant materials has been world-widely studied. it is, however, known that Ni-Ti alloy is easily attacked by chloride ion contained in body liquid. To prevent Ni dissolution, the authors tried to coat the alloy surface with titanium metal by means of plasma-spray coating method. The plasma coating films resulted in rather accelerating pitting corrosion because of their high porosity. Therefore, sealing of the porous films was required. In order to solve this problem and satisfy prolonged lifetime in the body, the authors tried to use the vacuum evaporation technique of titanium metal. Two types of Ti vacuum evaporation procedures were employed. The one was to cover a thin film on Ni-Ti alloy surface prior to massive Ti plasma spray coating. The other was to first coat plasma spray films on Ni-Ti alloy and then to cover them with vacuum evaporation films of Ti. Protective ability against pitting corrosion was examined by electrochemical polarization measurement in physiological solution and the coating films were characterized by microscopic and SEM observation and EPMA analysis. Vacuum evaporation thin films could not protect Ni-Ti alloy from pitting corrosion. In the case of plasma spray coating over the Ti vacuum evaporation thin film, the substrate Ni-Ti alloy could not be better protected. On the contrary, vacuum evaporation of Ti over the porous plasma spray coating layer remarkably improved corrosion protective performance

Thin Co/Ni-based bottom pinned spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory stacks with high annealing tolerance

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tomczak, Y., E-mail: Yoann.Tomczak@imec.be [IMEC Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Swerts, J.; Mertens, S.; Lin, T.; Couet, S.; Sankaran, K.; Pourtois, G.; Kim, W.; Souriau, L.; Van Elshocht, S.; Kar, G.; Furnemont, A. [IMEC Kapeldreef 75, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium); Liu, E. [Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven (Belgium)

2016-01-25

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) is considered as a replacement for next generation embedded and stand-alone memory applications. One of the main challenges in the STT-MRAM stack development is the compatibility of the stack with CMOS process flows in which thermal budgets up to 400 °C are applied. In this letter, we report on a perpendicularly magnetized MgO-based tunnel junction (p-MTJ) on a thin Co/Ni perpendicular synthetic antiferromagnetic layer with high annealing tolerance. Tunnel magneto resistance (TMR) loss after annealing occurs when the reference layer loses its perpendicular magnetic anisotropy due to reduction of the CoFeB/MgO interfacial anisotropy. A stable Co/Ni based p-MTJ stack with TMR values of 130% at resistance-area products of 9 Ω μm{sup 2} after 400 °C anneal is achieved via moment control of the Co/Ta/CoFeB reference layer. Thinning of the CoFeB polarizing layer down to 0.8 nm is the key enabler to achieve 400 °C compatibility with limited TMR loss. Thinning the Co below 0.6 nm leads to a loss of the antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange coupling strength through Ru. Insight into the thickness and moment engineering of the reference layer is displayed to obtain the best magnetic properties and high thermal stability for thin Co/Ni SAF-based STT-MRAM stacks.

Fe-solubility of Ni7S6 and Ni9S8: Thermodynamic analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waldner, P.

2011-01-01

Experimental data on phase equilibria have been used for thermodynamic analysis of the iron solubility of the nickel sulfides Ni 7 S 6 and Ni 9 S 8 . For both compounds, a two-sublattice approach within the framework of the compound energy formalism has been applied to perform Gibbs free energy modelling at 0.1 MPa total pressure consistently embedded in recent thermodynamic assessment studies of other iron-nickel-sulfides. The predicted maxima of iron solubility around 3 at% of Ni 7 S 6 and 5.5 at% of Ni 9 S 8 are confirmed by experimental data. The calculations of complex ternary phase relations with Fe-bearing Ni 7 S 6 and Ni 9 S 8 gain further improvement. The first internally consistent description of all thermodynamically stable phases known in the literature for the iron-nickel-sulfur system is completed.

On the Ni-Ion release rate from surfaces of binary NiTi shape memory alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Ševčíková, Jana; Bártková, Denisa; Goldbergová, Monika; Kuběnová, Monika; Čermák, Jiří; Frenzel, Jan; Weiser, Adam; Dlouhý, Antonín

2018-01-01

The study is focused on Ni-ion release rates from NiTi surfaces exposed in the cell culture media and human vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) culture environments. The NiTi surface layers situated in the depth of 70 μm below a NiTi oxide scale are affected by interactions between the NiTi alloys and the bio-environments. The finding was proved with use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electron microscopy experiments. As the exclusive factor controlling the Ni-ion release rates was not only thicknesses of the oxide scale, but also the passivation depth, which was two-fold larger. Our experimental data strongly suggested that some other factors, in addition to the Ni concentration in the oxide scale, admittedly hydrogen soaking deep below the oxide scale, must be taken into account in order to rationalize the concentrations of Ni-ions released into the bio-environments. The suggested role of hydrogen as the surface passivation agent is also in line with the fact that the Ni-ion release rates considerably decrease in NiTi samples that were annealed in controlled hydrogen atmospheres prior to bio-environmental exposures.

Highly uniform and reliable resistive switching characteristics of a Ni/WOx/p+-Si memory device

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, Tae-Hyeon; Kim, Sungjun; Kim, Hyungjin; Kim, Min-Hwi; Bang, Suhyun; Cho, Seongjae; Park, Byung-Gook

2018-02-01

In this paper, we investigate the resistive switching behavior of a bipolar resistive random-access memory (RRAM) in a Ni/WOx/p+-Si RRAM with CMOS compatibility. Highly unifrom and reliable bipolar resistive switching characteristics are observed by a DC voltage sweeping and its switching mechanism can be explained by SCLC model. As a result, the possibility of metal-insulator-silicon (MIS) structural WOx-based RRAM's application to Si-based 1D (diode)-1R (RRAM) or 1T (transistor)-1R (RRAM) structure is demonstrated.

Challenges and Progress in the Development of High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys Based on NiTiX Compositions for High-Force Actuator Applications

Science.gov (United States)

Padula, Santo, II; Bigelow, Glen; Noebe, Ronald; Gaydosh, Darrell; Garg, Anita

2006-01-01

Interest in high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMA) has been growing in the aerospace, automotive, process control, and energy industries. However, actual materials development has seriously lagged component design, with current commercial NiTi alloys severely limited in their temperature capability. Additions of Pd, Pt, Au, Hf, and Zr at levels greater than 10 at.% have been shown to increase the transformation temperature of NiTi alloys, but with few exceptions, the shape memory behavior (strain recovery) of these NiTiX systems has been determined only under stress free conditions. Given the limited amount of basic mechanical test data and general lack of information regarding the work attributes of these materials, a program to investigate the mechanical behavior of potential HTSMAs, with transformation temperatures between 100 and 500 C, was initiated. This paper summarizes the results of studies, focusing on both the practical temperature limitations for ternary TiNiPd and TiNiPt systems based on the work output of these alloys and the ability of these alloys to undergo repeated thermal cycling under load without significant permanent deformation or "walking". These issues are ultimately controlled by the detwinning stress of the martensite and resistance to dislocation slip of the individual martensite and austenite phases. Finally, general rules that govern the development of useful, high work output, next-generation HTSMA materials, based on the lessons learned in this work, will be provided

Room temperature magnetocaloric effect in Ni-Mn-In-Cr ferromagnetic shape memory alloy thin films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Akkera, Harish Sharma [Functionalnanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667 (India); Singh, Inderdeep [Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-24667 (India); Kaur, Davinder, E-mail: dkaurfph@iitr.ernet.in [Functionalnanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667 (India)

2017-02-15

The influence of Cr substitution for In on the martensitic phase transformation and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) has been investigated in Ni-Mn-Cr-In ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) thin films fabricated by magnetron sputtering. Temperature dependent magnetization (M-T) measurements demonstrated that the martensitic transformation temperatures (T{sub M}) monotonously increase with the increase of Cr content due to change in valence electron concentration (e/a) and cell volume. From the study of isothermal magnetization curves (M-H), magnetocaloric effect around the martensitic transformation has been investigated in these FSMA thin films. The magnetic entropy change ∆S{sub M} of 7.0 mJ/cm{sup 3}-K was observed in Ni{sub 51.1}Mn{sub 34.9}In{sub 9.5}Cr{sub 4.5} film at 302 K in an applied field of 2 T. Further, the refrigerant capacity (RC) was also calculated for all the films in an applied field of 2 T. These findings indicate that the Cr doped Ni-Mn-In FSMA thin films are potential candidates for room temperature micro-length-scale magnetic refrigeration applications. - Highlights: • The Cr content leads to an increase in the martensitic transformation temperature. • The ∆S{sub M} =7 mJ/cm{sup 3}-K at 302 K was observed in the Ni{sub 51.1}Mn{sub 34.9}In{sub 9.5}Cr{sub 4.5}. • The RC =39.2 mJ/K at 2 T was obtained in Ni{sub 51.1}Mn{sub 34.9}In{sub 9.5}Cr{sub 4.5} film.

Advances in developing TiNi nanoparticles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Castro, A. Torres; Cuellar, E. Lopez; Mendez, U. Ortiz; Yacaman, M. Jose

2006-01-01

The elaboration of nanoparticles has become a field of great interest for many scientists. Nanoparticles possess different properties than those ones shown in bulk materials. Shape memory alloys have the exceptional ability to recuperate its original shape by simple heating after being 'plastically' deformed. When this process is originated, important changes in properties, as mechanical and electrical, are developed in bulk material. If there is possible to obtain nanoparticles with shape memory effects, these nanoparticles could be used in the elaboration of nanofluids with the ability to change their electrical and thermal conductivity with temperature changes, i.e., smart nanofluids. In this work, some recent results and discussion of TiNi nanoparticles obtained by ion beam milling directly from a TiNi wire with shape memory are presented. The nanoparticles obtained by this process are about 2 nm of diameter with a composition of Ti-41.0 at.% Ni. Synthesized nanoparticles elaborated by this method have an ordered structure

Creation of submicrocrystalline structure and enhancing of functional properties of Ti-Ni-Fe alloys with the shape-memory effect using equichannel-angular pressing (ECAP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prokoshkin, S.D.; Belousov, M.N.; Abramov, V.Ya.

2007-01-01

Methods of X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy, mechanical and thermomechanical tests are used to study structure, mechanical and service properties of Ti-Ni-Fe system shape memory alloys (Ti-47.6 % Ni-2.4 % Fe; Ti-47 % Ni-3 % Fe; Ti-46.6 % Ni-3.4 % Fe). The alloys are subjected to hardening, high temperature thermomechanical treatment (HTMT) and equal-channel angular pressing (EChAP). Thermomechanical connecting pieces of given alloys are tested for carrying capacity and low temperature stability. It is established that the use of EChAP and post-deformation annealing at pressing temperature provides more high properties of the alloys in comparison with hardening and HTMT [ru

Lattice anisotropy in uranium ternary compounds

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Maskova, S.; Adamska, A.M.; Havela, L.

2012-01-01

Several U-based intermetallic compounds (UCoGe, UNiGe with the TiNiSi structure type and UNiAl with the ZrNiAl structure type) and their hydrides were studied from the point of view of compressibility and thermal expansion. Confronted with existing data for the compounds with the ZrNiAl structure...

The effect of martensite plasticity on the cyclic deformation of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Song, Di; Kang, Guozheng; Kan, Qianhua; Yu, Chao; Zhang, Chuanzeng

2014-01-01

Based on stress-controlled cyclic tension–unloading experiments with different peak stresses, the effect of martensite plasticity on the cyclic deformation of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy micro-tubes is investigated and discussed. The experimental results show that the reverse transformation from the induced martensite phase to the austenite phase is gradually restricted by the plastic deformation of the induced martensite phase caused by an applied peak stress that is sufficiently high (higher than 900 MPa), and the extent of such restriction increases with further increasing the peak stress. The residual and peak strains of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy accumulate progressively, i.e., transformation ratchetting occurs during the cyclic tension–unloading with peak stresses from 600 to 900 MPa, and the transformation ratchetting strain increases with the increase of the peak stress. When the peak stress is higher than 900 MPa, the peak strain becomes almost unchanged, but the residual strain accumulates and the dissipation energy per cycle decreases very quickly with the increasing number of cycles due to the restricted reverse transformation by the martensite plasticity. Furthermore, a quantitative relationship between the applied stress and the stabilized residual strain is obtained to reasonably predict the evolution of the peak strain and the residual strain. (paper)

Effects of aging on the shape memory and superelasticity behavior of ultra-high strength Ni54Ti46 alloys under compression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaya, I.; Tobe, H.; Karaca, H.E.; Basaran, B.; Nagasako, M.; Kainuma, R.; Chumlyakov, Y.

2016-01-01

This study investigates the effects of aging on the shape memory and superelasticity behavior of a Ni-rich Ni 54 Ti 46 (at%) alloy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compression test (thermal cycling under stress and superelasticity) were carried out after 3 h agin;g from 450 °C to 600 °C. The alloys show recoverable shape memory effect with transformation strains of about 1% and narrow hysteresis under high stress levels. The work output of 14.1 Jg −1 was observed at an ultra-high stress level of 1500 MPa after 600 °C 3 h aging. 450 °C 3 h aging resulted in a very narrow temperature hysteresis of 8°C under an ultra-high stress level of 1500 MPa. At room temperature, the superelastic response with 4% total strain was obtained even when high stress level of 2000 MPa is applied after 550 °C 3 h aging.

Orientation dependence of shape memory and super elastic effects in Ti-30% Ni-20% Cu single crystals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chumlyakov, Yu.I.; Kireeva, I.V.

1999-01-01

Single crystals of Ti-30% Ni-20% Cu (at.%) alloy experiencing B2-B19 martensitic transformation are used to study the dependence of deforming stress σ cr , shape memory effect and super elasticity on test temperature, crystal orientation and the sign of tension/compression stresses. It is shown that experimental values of shape memory effect and super elasticity as well as their dependences on orientation and loading regime are described within the frameworks of the model taking into account lattice distortions only. The orientation dependence and axial stress asymmetry in the temperature range of stress-induced martensite formation are determined by the dependence of lattice distortion during B2-B19 martensitic transformations on the orientation and the sign of applied stresses [ru

Correlation between Mechanical Behavior and Actuator-type Performance of Ni-Ti-Pd High-temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Bigelow, Glen S.; Padula, Santo A., II; Garg, Anita; Noebe, Ronald D.

2007-01-01

High-temperature shape memory alloys in the NiTiPd system are being investigated as lower cost alternatives to NiTiPt alloys for use in compact solid-state actuators for the aerospace, automotive, and power generation industries. A range of ternary NiTiPd alloys containing 15 to 46 at.% Pd has been processed and actuator mimicking tests (thermal cycling under load) were used to measure transformation temperatures, work behavior, and dimensional stability. With increasing Pd content, the work output of the material decreased, while the amount of permanent strain resulting from each load-biased thermal cycle increased. Monotonic isothermal tension testing of the high-temperature austenite and low temperature martensite phases was used to partially explain these behaviors, where a mismatch in yield strength between the austenite and martensite phases was observed at high Pd levels. Moreover, to further understand the source of the permanent strain at lower Pd levels, strain recovery tests were conducted to determine the onset of plastic deformation in the martensite phase. Consequently, the work behavior and dimensional stability during thermal cycling under load of the various NiTiPd alloys is discussed in relation to the deformation behavior of the materials as revealed by the strain recovery and monotonic tension tests.

Elaboration and characterization of unreported (Pr,Nd)5Ni19 hydrides

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lemort, Lucille; Latroche, Michel; Knosp, Bernard; Bernard, Patrick

2011-01-01

Research highlights: → Two new compounds Pr 5 Ni 19 and Nd 5 Ni 19 have been synthesized and their crystallographic structures have been determined. → Two polymorphic types are reported to coexist for the same composition, one rhombohedral and one hexagonal. → The hydrogen sorption properties of these two novel compounds have been measured and they exhibit capacities of 1.33%(wt) for Pr 5 Ni 19 and 1.17%(wt) for Nd 5 Ni 19 under 10 MPa. - Abstract: In this study two new compounds have been synthesized: Pr 5 Ni 19 and Nd 5 Ni 19 . The crystallographic structures as well as the thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen absorbing compounds Pr 5 Ni 19 and Nd 5 Ni 19 have been determined. Both compounds exist under two polymorphic types that can be described as the stacking along the c axis of two different subunits [(Pr,Nd) 2 Ni 4 ] and [(Pr,Nd)Ni 5 ]: the hexagonal (2H) Pr 5 Co 19 -type structure (space group P6 3 /mmc) and the rhombohedral (3R) Ce 5 Co 19 -type structure (space group R-3m). The two compounds are able to form hydrides at room temperature, in the pressure range of 0-10 MPa. They show desorption pressure plateaux around 0.8 MPa for Pr 5 Ni 19 and 1 MPa for Nd 5 Ni 19 and exhibit capacities under 10 MPa of 1.33 wt% for Pr 5 Ni 19 and 1.17 wt% for Nd 5 Ni 19 at the first cycle.

Effects of water plasma immersion ion implantation on surface electrochemical behavior of NiTi shape memory alloys in simulated body fluids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, X.M.; Wu, S.L.; Chu, Paul K.; Chung, C.Y.; Chu, C.L.; Yeung, K.W.K.; Lu, W.W.; Cheung, K.M.C.; Luk, K.D.K.

2007-01-01

Water plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) was conducted on orthopedic NiTi shape memory alloy to enhance the surface electrochemical characteristics. The surface composition of the NiTi alloy before and after H 2 O-PIII was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was utilized to determine the roughness and morphology of the NiTi samples. Potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out to investigate the surface electrochemical behavior of the control and H 2 O-PIII NiTi samples in simulated body fluids (SBF) at 37 deg. C as well as the mechanism. The H 2 O-PIII NiTi sample showed a higher breakdown potential (E b ) than the control sample. Based on the AFM results, two different physical models with related equivalent electrical circuits were obtained to fit the EIS data and explain the surface electrochemical behavior of NiTi in SBF. The simulation results demonstrate that the higher resistance of the oxide layer produced by H 2 O-PIII is primarily responsible for the improvement in the surface corrosion resistance

Moessbauer effect measurements on the intermetallic compounds Ni3Al and Ni3Ge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Drijver, J.W.; Woude, F. van der

1975-01-01

Moessbauer parameters obtained from room temperature emission and absorption spectra of Ni 3 Al and Ni 3 Ga processed by a computer assuming a singlet and a doublet are given. The doublet is due to iron or cobalt atoms at the nickel site. Quadrupole splitting at 57 Fe nuclei in Ni 3 Ga is larger than in Ni 3 Al, viz. 0.52 and 0.37 mm/sec, respectively. Isomer shift at the Al/Ga position is very close to -0.02 mm/sec found in metallic nickel. Also given are the hyperfine magnetic fields at 4.2 K. Considering the preference of 57 Co and 57 Fe atoms in the lattice, the field intensities at the nickel and aluminium sites are found to be 227 +- 1 and 238 +- 1 kOe, respectively. (Z.S.)

Application of rapid solidification powder metallurgy processing to prepare Cu–Al–Ni high temperature shape memory alloy strips with high strength and high ductility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Vajpai, S.K., E-mail: vajpaisk@gmail.com [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh (India); Dube, R.K., E-mail: rkd@iitk.ac.in [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh (India); Sangal, S., E-mail: sangals@iitk.ac.in [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh (India)

2013-05-15

Cu–Al–Ni high temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) strips were successfully prepared from rapid solidified water atomized Cu–Al–Ni pre-alloyed powders via hot densification rolling of unsheathed sintered powder preforms. Finished heat-treated Cu–Al–Ni alloy strips had fine-grained structure, average grain size approximately 16 μm, and exhibited a combination of high strength and high ductility. It has been demonstrated that the redistribution of nano-sized alumina particles, present on the surface as well as inside the starting water atomized Cu–Al–Ni pre-alloyed powder particles, due to plastic deformation of starting powder particles during hot densification rolling resulted in the fine grained microstructure in the finished SMA strips. The finished SMA strips were almost fully martensitic in nature, consisting of a mixture of β{sub 1}{sup ′} and γ{sub 1}{sup ′} martensite. The average fracture strength and fracture strain of the finished SMA strips were 810 MPa and 12%, respectively, and the fractured specimens exhibited primarily micro-void coalescence type ductile nature of fracture. Finished Cu–Al–Ni SMA strips exhibited high characteristic transformation temperatures and an almost 100% one-way shape recovery was obtained in the specimens up to 4% applied deformation pre-strain. The retained two-way shape memory recovery increased with increasing applied training pre-strain, achieving a maximum value of 16.25% at 5% applied training pre-strain.

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, martensitic transformation and magnetic properties of Mn{sub 53}Ni{sub 25}Ga{sub 22} ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dong, G.F., E-mail: dgfu0451@sina.com [Department of mechanics Dalian University, Dalian 116622 (China); Gao, Z.Y. [National Key Laboratory Precision Hot Processing of Metals, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 405, Harbin 150001 (China)

2016-02-01

In this study, the effect of heat treatment on crystal structure, martensitic transformation, thermodynamic behavior and magnetic properties of polycrystalline Mn{sub 53}Ni{sub 25}Ga{sub 22} ferromagnetic shape memory alloy was systematically investigated. The results show that the heat treatment has obvious effect on martensitic transformation temperatures, crystal structure and hysteresis loops. Heat treatment greatly effects on transformation temperatures due to modified composition of the matrix. Martensitic transformation temperature, saturation magnetization decreased with the increase heat treatment temperature, reaching their minimum values at the heat treatment temperature of 1173 K for 12 h. Curie temperature of maximum values obtained at solution-treated of 1173 K for 12 h. In other word, increasing heat treatment temperature and time has an effect on Curie temperature. In addition, the annealed alloy Mn{sub 53}Ni{sub 25}Ga{sub 22} may completely dissolve in vacuum tubes at 1173 K for 12 h. It is found that the studied alloys have some (Mn,Ni){sub 4} Ga-type compound precipitates, which can be seen dispersing both in grain interiors and on grain boundaries at other heat treatment process. Lastly, Rietveld analysis shows the good agreement between experiment and calculated data of XRD patterns. - Highlights: • Heat treatment has obvious effect on transformation, structure and hysteresis. • Transformation temperature decreased with increase heat treatment temperature. • Magnetization decreased with increase heat treatment temperature. • Annealed alloy completely dissolve in vacuum tubes at 1123 K for 24 h.

Catalytic reforming of toluene as tar model compound: effect of Ce and Ce-Mg promoter using Ni/olivine catalyst.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Ruiqin; Wang, Huajian; Hou, Xiaoxue

2014-02-01

Tar produced by biomass gasification as a route of renewable energy must be removed before the gas can be used. This study was undertaken using toluene as a model tar compound for evaluating its steam reforming conversion with three Ni-based catalysts, Ni/olivine, Ni-Ce/olivine and Ni-Ce-Mg/olivine. Effects of Ce and Mg promoters on the reaction activity and coke deposition were studied. Overall the performance of Ce and Mg promoted Ni/olivine catalysts is better than that of only Ce promoter and Ni/olivine alone. The experimental results indicate that Ni-Ce-Mg/olivine catalysts could improve the resistance to carbon deposition, enhance energy gases yield and resist 10ppm H2S poison at 100mLmin(-1) for up to 400min. Furthermore, the activity of catalysts was related to the steam/carbon (S/C) ratios; at S/C ratio=5, T=790°C, space velocity=782h(-1) and t=2h, the Ni-Ce-Mg/olivine system yielded 89% toluene conversion, 5.6Lh(-1) product gas rate, 62.6mol% H2 content and 10% (mol useful gas mol(-1) toluene) energy yield. Moreover, at low S/C ratio, it had higher reaction activity and better ability to prevent coking. There is a small amount of carbon deposition in the form of amorphous carbon after 7h. Various characterization techniques such as XRD, FTIR and thermogravimetric were performed to investigate the coke deposition of Ni/olivine, Ni-Ce/olivine and Ni-Ce-Mg/olivine. It is suggested that 3% Ni-1% Ce-1% Mg/olivine was the most promising catalyst due to its minimum coke amount and the lower activation energy of coke burning. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Single crystals of the anisotropic Kagome staircase compounds Ni3V2O8 and Co3V2O8

OpenAIRE

Balakrishnan, G.; Petrenko, O. A.; Lees, M. R.; Paul, D. McK.

2004-01-01

Compounds with a Kagome type lattice are known to exhibit magnetic frustration. Large single crystals of two compounds Ni3V2O8 and Co3V2O8, which are variants of a Kagome net lattice, have been grown successfully by the floating zone technique using an optical image furnace. The single crystals are of high quality and exhibit intriguing magnetic properties.

Interplay of structural instability and lattice dynamics in Ni{sub 2}MnAl shape memory alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mehaddene, T.

2007-02-12

The work presented here is devoted to investigate the interplay of lattice dynamics and structural instability in Ni{sub 2}MnAl shape memory alloys. Inelastic neutron scattering is used to get more insight on the dynamic precursors of structural instability in Ni{sub 2}MnAl. Differential Scanning Calorimetry was used to characterise the martensitic transition in Ni{sub 2}MnAl alloys. Effects of composition and heat treatments have been investigated. The measured martensitic transition temperature in Ni-Mn-Al alloys depends linearly on the valence electron concentration. Two single crystals with different compositions have been succesfully grown using the Czochralski technique. Acoustic and optical phonon modes have been measured at room temperature in the high symmetry directions of the cubic B2 phase. The force constants have been fitted to the measured data using the Born-von Karman model. The character of the phonon softening measured in Ni{sub 2}MnAl corresponds to the pattern of atomic displacements of the modulations 2M, 10M, 12M and 14M observed in bulk and thin-films of Ni{sub 2}MnAl. The effect of the composition on the lattice instability has been investigated by measuring normal modes of vibration in two different crystals, Ni{sub 51}Mn{sub 18}Al{sub 31} and Ni{sub 53}Mn{sub 22}Al{sub 25}, with e/a ratios of 7.29 and 7.59 respectively. The stabilisation of a single L2{sub 1} phase in Ni{sub 2}MnAl by annealing a Ni{sub 51}Mn{sub 18}Al{sub 31} single crystal at 673 K during 45 days has been attempted. Despite of the long-time annealing, a single L2{sub 1} phase could not be stabilised because of either a slow diffusion kinetics or the establishment of an equilibrium between the L2{sub 1} and the B2 phases. Phonon measurements of the TA{sub 2}[{xi}{xi}0] branch in the annealed sample revealed a substantial effect. The wiggle, associated with the anomalous softening, is still present but the degree of softening is smaller below 673 K and changes

TiNi shape memory alloys: effects of the fabrication route, the oxygen content and the zirconium or hafnium additions on the metallurgical characteristics and the thermomechanical properties; Alliages a memoires de forme de base TiNi: influence du mode de fabrication de la teneur en oxygene et de l`ajout de Zr ou Hf sur les caracteristiques metallurgiques et les proprietes mecaniques

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Olier, P.

1996-12-31

In order to promote the development of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys, we have studied the correlation between the fabrication route, the chemical composition (O{sub 2} content, Zr or Hf additions), the metallurgical characteristics and the thermomechanical properties. A conventional sintering does not allow to obtain a homogeneous compound of pure Ti{sub 50}Ni{sub 50} alloy because of the occurrence of Kirkendall porosities which act as a diffusion barrier. An original process including combustion synthesis and hot-extrusion was successfully developed. Resulting products exhibit a smaller grain size (15-20{mu}m) and an enhanced workability in comparison with products obtained by arc-melting and subsequent hot rolling. The presence of oxygen in equiatomic Ti-Ni alloy induces the oxide precipitation of Ti{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}O{sub x} type (with x {<=} 1). The precipitated particle fraction is proportional to the oxygen nominal content of the alloy. We show that the decrease of the transformation temperatures is correlated with the decrease of Ti in solid solution due to Ti{sub 4}Ni{sub 2}O precipitation. Moreover, we find that a fine and homogenous oxide dispersion is suitable to decrease the grain size during hot rolling and to enhance to the one way shape memory properties. An increase of the typical transformation temperatures is obtained through of Zr or Hf (in substitution to Ti). But, an increase of the hardness is measured, and consequently the workability of the ternary alloys becomes reduced. However, it is worthwhile to point out that a Ti{sub 38}Ni{sub 50}Hf{sub 12} product obtained by arc melting and hot extrusion is able to fully recover an apparent plastic strain of more than 4% during tensile tests performed under special loading conditions. Such as behaviour is of great interest with respect to potential applications in a temperature range higher that 100 deg. C. (author). 105 refs.

Unraveling Network-induced Memory Contention: Deeper Insights with Machine Learning

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Groves, Taylor Liles; Grant, Ryan; Gonzales, Aaron; Arnold, Dorian

2017-01-01

Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) is expected to be an integral communication mechanism for future exascale systems enabling asynchronous data transfers, so that applications may fully utilize CPU resources while simultaneously sharing data amongst remote nodes. We examine Network-induced Memory Contention (NiMC) on Infiniband networks. We expose the interactions between RDMA, main-memory and cache, when applications and out-of-band services compete for memory resources. We then explore NiMCs resulting impact on application-level performance. For a range of hardware technologies and HPC workloads, we quantify NiMC and show that NiMCs impact grows with scale resulting in up to 3X performance degradation at scales as small as 8K processes even in applications that previously have been shown to be performance resilient in the presence of noise. In addition, this work examines the problem of predicting NiMC's impact on applications by leveraging machine learning and easily accessible performance counters. This approach provides additional insights about the root cause of NiMC and facilitates dynamic selection of potential solutions. Finally, we evaluated three potential techniques to reduce NiMCs impact, namely hardware offloading, core reservation and network throttling.

A model compound (methyl oleate, oleic acid, triolein) study of triglycerides hydrodeoxygenation over alumina-supported NiMo sulfide

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Coumans, A.E.; Hensen, E.J.M.

We studied hydrodeoxygenation of model compounds for vegetable oil into diesel-range hydrocarbons on a sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst under trickle-flow conditions. Methyl oleate (methyl ester of oleic acid, a C18 fatty acid with one unsaturated bond in the chain) represented the C18 alkyl esters in

The effect of annealing on the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tadayyon, Ghazal [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland); Mazinani, Mohammad, E-mail: mazinani@um.ac.ir [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Guo, Yina [Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick (Ireland); Zebarjad, Seyed Mojtaba [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Tofail, Syed A.M. [Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick (Ireland); Biggs, Manus J. [Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)

2016-04-26

An investigation was carried out into the influence of the annealing temperatures on the thermo-mechanical behavior of Ti-rich NiTi alloy with regard to transformation temperatures, mechanical properties at room temperature and microstructure evolution under deformation. It was found that annealing above the recrystallization temperature (600 °C) modulated the mechanical behavior of the alloy significantly. Based on tensile and DSC analysis, it was observed that by increasing the annealing temperature, the shape memory behavior of the alloys improved. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the fracture surfaces and microstructural evolution of the NiTi samples after failure. Fractography revealed the brittle fracture area produced through the propagation of cleavage cracks; however, ductile fracture via nucleation growth and coalescence of micro-dimples in the martensitic phase at room temperature were also observed. During plastic deformation, the NiTi alloy was also observed to undergo a detwinning process, dislocation slip and the formation of submicrocrystalline grains, nanocrystallization and amorphous bands.

An in situ neutron diffraction study of shape setting shape memory NiTi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Benafan, O.; Padula, S.A.; Noebe, R.D.; Brown, D.W.; Clausen, B.; Vaidyanathan, R.

2013-01-01

A bulk polycrystalline Ni 49.9 Ti 50.1 (at.%) shape memory alloy specimen was shape set while neutron diffraction spectra were simultaneously acquired. The objective was to correlate internal stress, phase volume fraction, and texture measurements (from neutron diffraction spectra) with the macroscopic stress and shape changes (from load cell and extensometry measurements) during the shape setting procedure and subsequent shape recovery. Experimental results showed the evolution of the martensitic transformation (lattice strains, phase fractions and texture) against external constraints during both heating and cooling. Constrained heating resulted in a build-up of stresses during the martensite to austenite transformation, followed by stress relaxation due to thermal expansion, final conversion of retained martensite, and recovery processes. Constrained cooling also resulted in stress build-up arising from thermal contraction and early formation of martensite, followed by relaxation as the austenite fully transformed to martensite. Comparisons were also made between specimens pre-shape set and post-shape set with and without external constraints. The specimens displayed similar shape memory behavior consistent with the microstructure of the shape set sample, which was mostly unchanged by the shape setting process and similar to that of the as-received material

Forming and control of pores by capsule-free hot isostatic pressing in NiTi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuan, B; Zhu, M; Gao, Y; Li, X; Chung, C Y

2008-01-01

In this study, the pore evolution process of porous NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) fabricated by capsule-free hot isostatic pressing (CF-HIP) was investigated by adopting different fabricating parameters. It is shown that porous NiTi SMAs with homogeneous pore distribution and nearly spherical pore shape can be prepared by CF-HIP under suitable conditions. In addition, two novel pore structures were produced, one with a sandwich-like structure, and another with controlled gradient of porosity along the radial direction, with pore size increasing from the outside towards the center of the specimen. The former was obtained by balancing the pressure in the HIP chamber and the gas pressure resulting from the gas expansion in the green sample. The latter resulted from the formation of air bubbles in the liquid phase during the sintering

Breakdown of Shape Memory Effect in Bent Cu-Al-Ni Nanopillars: When Twin Boundaries Become Stacking Faults.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Lifeng; Ding, Xiangdong; Sun, Jun; Li, Suzhi; Salje, Ekhard K H

2016-01-13

Bent Cu-Al-Ni nanopillars (diameters 90-750 nm) show a shape memory effect, SME, for diameters D > 300 nm. The SME and the associated twinning are located in a small deformed section of the nanopillar. Thick nanopillars (D > 300 nm) transform to austenite under heating, including the deformed region. Thin nanopillars (D faults in the deformed region. No SME occurs and heating converts only the undeformed regions into austenite. The defect-rich, deformed region remains in the martensite phase even after prolonged heating in the stability field of austenite. A complex mixture of twins and stacking faults was found for diameters 130 nm < D < 300 nm. The size effect of the SME in Cu-Al-Ni nanopillars consists of an approximately linear reduction of the SME between 300 and 130 nm when the SME completely vanishes for smaller diameters.

Characterization of the Ni-45wt% Ti shape memory alloy rapidly solidified; Caracterizacao da liga Ni-45wt%Ti com efeito de memoria de forma solidificadas rapidamente

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anselmo, G.C.S.; Castro, W.B. de; Araujo, C.J. de, E-mail: walman@dem.ufcg.edu.b [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UAEM/UFCG), PB (Brazil). Unidade Academica de Engenharia Mecanica

2010-07-01

One important challenge of microsystems design is the implementation of miniaturized actuation principles efficient at the micro-scale. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have early on been considered as a potential solution to this problem as these materials offer attractive properties like a high-power to weight ratio, large deformation and the capability to be processed at the micro-scale. shape memory characteristics of Ni-45wt%Ti alloy ribbons prepared by melt spinning were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray. In these experiments particular attention has been paid to change the velocity of cooling wheel from 30 to 50 m/s. Then the cooling rates of ribbons were controlled. The effect of this cooling rate on martensitic transformation behaviors and structure are discussed. (author)

Boron-substitution and defects in B2-type AlNi compound: Site-preference and influence on structural, thermodynamic and electronic properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Capaz, Rodrigo B. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil); ElMassalami, M., E-mail: massalam@if.ufrj.br [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil); Terrazos, L.A. [Centro de Educação e Saúde, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Cuité, PB 58175-000 (Brazil); Elhadi, M. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil); Takeya, H. [National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, 305-0047 (Japan); Ghivelder, L. [Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Caixa Postal 68528, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972 (Brazil)

2016-06-05

Using a combination of theoretical (first-principles total-energy and electronic structure calculations) as well as experimental (structural, thermodynamics) techniques, we systematically investigated the influence of B incorporation on the structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of a series of technologically-important B-containing AlNi matrix. Special attention was paid to calculating the energy cost of placing B at various sites within the cubic unit cell. The most energetically favorable defects were identified to be, depending on initial stoichiometry, substitutional B at Al site (B{sub Al}), Ni vacancy (V{sub Ni}), or Ni antisite (Ni{sub Al}). We show that the induced variation in the lattice parameters can be correlated with the type and concentration of the involved defects: e.g. the surge of V{sub Ni} defects leads to a stronger lattice-parameter reduction, that of Ni{sub Al} ones to a relatively weaker reduction while that of B{sub Al} defects to a much weaker influence. Both electronic band structure calculations as well as thermodynamics measurements indicate that the 3d bands of Ni are fully occupied and magnetically unpolarized and that the resulting N(E{sub F}) is very small: all studied compounds are normal conductors with no trace of superconductivity or magnetic polarization.

Electronic Topological Transitions in CuNiMnAl and CuNiMnSn under pressure from first principles study

Science.gov (United States)

Rambabu, P.; Kanchana, V.

2018-06-01

A detailed study on quaternary ordered full Heusler alloys CuNiMnAl and CuNiMnSn at ambient and under different compressions is presented using first principles electronic structure calculations. Both the compounds are found to possess ferromagnetic nature at ambient with magnetic moment of Mn being 3.14 μB and 3.35 μB respectively in CuNiMnAl and CuNiMnSn. The total magnetic moment for both the compounds is found to decrease under compression. Fermi surface (FS) topology change is observed in both compounds under pressure at V/V0 = 0.90, further leading to Electronic Topological Transitions (ETTs) and is evidenced by the anomalies visualized in density of states and elastic constants under compression.

Cavitation resistance of surface composition "Steel-Ni-TiNi-TiNiZr-cBNCo", formed by High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel spraying

Science.gov (United States)

Blednova, Zh. M.; Dmitrenko, D. V.; Balaev, E. U. O.

2018-01-01

The object of the study is a multilayered surface composition "Steel - a Multicomponent material with Shape Memory Effect - a wear-resistant layer" under conditions of cavitation effects in sea water. Multicomponent TiNi-based coatings with addition of alloying elements such as Zr in an amount up to 10% mass, allow to create a composite material with a gradient of properties at the interface of layers, which gives new properties to coatings and improves their performance significantly. The use of materials with shape memory effect (SME) as surface layers or in the composition of surface layered compositions allows to provide an effective reaction of materials to the influence of external factors and adaptation to external influences. The surface composite layer cBN-10%Co has high hardness and strength, which ensures its resistance to shock cyclic influences of collapsing caverns. The increased roughness of the surface of a solid surface composite in the form of strong columnar structures ensures the crushing of vacuum voids, redistributing their effect on the entire surface, and not concentrating them in certain zones. In addition, the gradient structure of the multilayer composite coating TiNi-Ti33Ni49Zr18-cBN-10%Co Co makes it possible to create conditions for the relaxation of stresses created by the variable impact load of cavitation caverns and the manifestation of compensating internal forces due to thermo-elastic martensitic transformations of SME materials. The cavitation resistance of the coating TiNi-Ti33Ni49Zr18-cBN-10%Co according to the criterion of mass wear is 15-20 times higher than that of the base material without coating and 10-12 times higher than that of the TiNi-TiNiZr coating. The proposed architecture of the multifunctional gradient composition, "steel-Ni-TiNi- Ti33Ni49Zr18-cBN-10%Co", each layer of which has its functional purpose, allows to increase the service life of parts operating under conditions of cavitation-fatigue loading in

Ellipsometry applied to phase transitions and relaxation phenomena in Ni.sub.2./sub.MnGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Dejneka, Alexandr; Zablotskyy, Vitaliy A.; Tyunina, Marina; Jastrabík, Lubomír; Pérez-Landazábal, J.I.; Recarte, V.; Sánchez-Alarcos, V.; Chernenko, V.A.

2012-01-01

Roč. 101, č. 14 (2012), "141908-1"-"141908-5" ISSN 0003-6951 R&D Projects: GA TA ČR TA01010517; GA ČR GAP108/12/1941 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100522 Keywords : shape memory alloy * ellipsometry * Ni 2 MnGa Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.794, year: 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4757393

Stress-induced martensitic transformations in a Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloy studied by in situ transmission electron microscopy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Zárubová, Niva; Gemperlová, Juliana; Gärtnerová, Viera; Gemperle, Antonín

481-482, č. 5 (2008), s. 457-461 ISSN 0921-5093 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/04/2016; GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA200100627 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : in situ TEM straining * CuAlNi shape memory alloy * stress -induced formation of martensite Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.806, year: 2008

Shape Memory Alloys (Part II: Classification, Production and Application

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I. Ivanic

2014-09-01

Full Text Available Shape memory alloys (SMAs have been extensively investigated because of their unique shape memory behaviour, i.e. their ability to recover their original shape they had before deformation. Shape memory effect is related to the thermoelastic martensitic transformation. Austenite to martensite phase transformation can be obtained by mechanical (loading and thermal methods (heating and cooling. Depending on thermomechanical conditions, SMAs demonstrate several thermomechanical phenomena, such as pseudoelasticity, superelasticity, shape memory effect (one-way and two-way and rubber-like behaviour. Numerous alloys show shape memory effect (NiTi-based alloys, Cu-based alloys, Fe-based alloys etc.. Nitinol (NiTi is the most popular and the most commonly used SMA due to its superior thermomechanical and thermoelectrical properties. NiTi alloys have greater shape memory strain and excellent corrosion resistance compared to Cu – based alloys. However, they are very costly. On the other hand, copper-based alloys (CuZn and CuAl based alloys are much less expensive, easier to manufacture and have a wider range of potential transformation temperatures. The characteristic transformation temperatures of martensitic transformation of CuAlNi alloys can lie between −200 and 200 °C, and these temperatures depend on Al and Ni content. Among the Cu – based SMAs, the most frequently applied are CuZnAl and CuAlNi alloys. Although CuZnAl alloys with better mechanical properties are the most popular among the Cu-based SMAs, they lack sufficient thermal stability, while CuAlNi shape memory alloys, in spite of their better thermal stability, have found only limited applications due to insufficient formability owing to the brittle γ2 precipitates. The most important disadvantage of polycrystalline CuAlNi alloys is a small reversible deformation (one-way shape memory effect: up to 4 %; two-way shape memory effect: only approximately 1.5 % due to intergranular

Fabrication Process and Reliability Evaluation of Shape Memory Alloy Composite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jin Kyung; Choi, Il Kook; Park, Young Chul; Lee, Kyu Chang; Lee, Joon Hyun

2001-01-01

Shape memory alloy has been used to improve the tensile strength of composite by the occurrence of compressive residual stress in matrix using its shape memory effect. In order to fabricate shape memory alloy composite, TiNi alloy and A16061 were used as reinforcing material and mix, respectively. In this study, TiNi/A16061 shape memory alloy composite was made by using hot press method. However, the specimen fabricated by this method had the bonding problem at the boundary between TiNi fiber and Al matrix when the load was applied to it. A cold rolling was imposed to the specimen to improve the bonding effect. It was found that tensile strength of specimen subjected to cold rolling was more increased than that of specimen which did not underwent cold rolling. In addition, acoustic emission technique was used to quantify the microscopic damage behavior of cold rolled TiNi/A16061 shape memory alloy composite at high temperature

Characterization and modeling of the magnetic field-induced strain and work output in Ni2MnGa magnetic shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kiefer, B.; Karaca, H.E.; Lagoudas, D.C.; Karaman, I.

2007-01-01

This paper is concerned with the experimental characterization and the constitutive modeling of magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMA), in terms of their applicability as actuator materials. The key properties that determine the actuation characteristics are the magnetic field-induced strain (MFIS) and the blocking stress. With the goal of increasing the corresponding actuation output, a material selection strategy was followed which was aimed at obtaining a higher magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, while keeping the detwinning stress low. This was achieved by choosing a composition in which the separation of the Curie temperature and the martensitic transformation temperatures was large, and then selecting an operating temperature just below the phase transformation temperature. In the selected Ni 51.1 Mn 24.0 Ga 24.9 composition a more than 50% increase of the actuation work output was observed, compared to corresponding data reported in the literature for other off-stoichiometric compositions of the Ni 2 MnGa intermetallic compound. The second part of the paper describes a phenomenological constitutive model that predicts the MFIS hysteresis curves observed in the first part. The model is concerned with the field-induced reorientation of martensitic variants and changes in the magnetic microstructure. Dissipative effects are captured by introducing internal state variables into the free energy function. In its most general form the contributing energy terms are the elastic strain energy, the Zeeman energy, the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and appropriate mixing terms. Typical loading cases are considered and the accuracy of the model predictions is evaluated by comparison with the experimental data presented in the first part of this work

Effect of surface modification by nitrogen ion implantation on the electrochemical and cellular behaviors of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy.

Science.gov (United States)

Maleki-Ghaleh, H; Khalil-Allafi, J; Sadeghpour-Motlagh, M; Shakeri, M S; Masoudfar, S; Farrokhi, A; Beygi Khosrowshahi, Y; Nadernezhad, A; Siadati, M H; Javidi, M; Shakiba, M; Aghaie, E

2014-12-01

The aim of this investigation was to enhance the biological behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy while preserving its super-elastic behavior in order to facilitate its compatibility for application in human body. The surfaces of NiTi samples were bombarded by three different nitrogen doses. Small-angle X-ray diffraction was employed for evaluating the generated phases on the bombarded surfaces. The electrochemical behaviors of the bare and surface-modified NiTi samples were studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) using electrochemical impedance and potentio-dynamic polarization tests. Ni ion release during a 2-month period of service in the SBF environment was evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry. The cellular behavior of nitrogen-modified samples was studied using fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the effect of surface modification on super-elasticity was investigated by tensile test. The results showed the improvement of both corrosion and biological behaviors of the modified NiTi samples. However, no significant change in the super-elasticity was observed. Samples modified at 1.4E18 ion cm(-2) showed the highest corrosion resistance and the lowest Ni ion release.

Thermokinetic Simulation of Precipitation in NiTi Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Cirstea, C. D.; Karadeniz-Povoden, E.; Kozeschnik, E.; Lungu, M.; Lang, P.; Balagurov, A.; Cirstea, V.

2017-06-01

Considering classical nucleation theory and evolution equations for the growth and composition change of precipitates, we simulate the evolution of the precipitates structure in the classical stages of nucleation, growth and coarsening using the solid-state transformation Matcalc software. The formation of Ni3Ti, Ni4Ti3 or Ni3Ti2 precipitate is the key to hardening phenomenon of the alloys, which depends on the nickel solubility in the bulk alloys. The microstructural evolution of metastable Ni4Ti3 and Ni3Ti2 precipitates in Ni-rich TiNi alloys is simulated by computational thermokinetics, based on thermodynamic and diffusion databases. The simulated precipitate phase fractions are compared with experimental data.

Wafer-level integration of NiTi shape memory alloy on silicon using Au–Si eutectic bonding

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gradin, Henrik; Bushra, Sobia; Braun, Stefan; Stemme, Göran; Van der Wijngaart, Wouter

2013-01-01

This paper reports on the wafer level integration of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) sheets with silicon substrates through Au–Si eutectic bonding. Different bond parameters, such as Au layer thicknesses and substrate surface treatments were evaluated. The amount of gold in the bond interface is the most important parameter to achieve a high bond yield; the amount can be determined by the barrier layers between the Au and Si or by the amount of Au deposition. Deposition of a gold layer of more than 1 μm thickness before bonding gives the most promising results. Through patterning of the SMA sheet and by limiting bonding to small areas, stresses created by the thermal mismatch between Si and NiTi are reduced. With a gold layer of 1 μm thickness and bond areas between 200 × 200 and 800 × 800 μm 2 a high bond strength and a yield above 90% is demonstrated. (paper)

A Novel Ni/WOX/W Resistive Random Access Memory with Excellent Retention and Low Switching Current

Science.gov (United States)

Chien, Wei-Chih; Chen, Yi-Chou; Lee, Feng-Ming; Lin, Yu-Yu; Lai, Erh-Kun; Yao, Yeong-Der; Gong, Jeng; Horng, Sheng-Fu; Yeh, Chiao-Wen; Tsai, Shih-Chang; Lee, Ching-Hsiung; Huang, Yu-Kai; Chen, Chun-Fu; Kao, Hsiao-Feng; Shih, Yen-Hao; Hsieh, Kuang-Yeu; Lu, Chih-Yuan

2011-04-01

The behavior of WOX resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is a strong function of the top electrode material, which controls the conduction mechanism and the forming process. When using a top electrode with low work function, the current conduction is limited by space charges. On the other hand, the mechanism becomes thermionic emission for devices with a high work function top electrode. These (thermionic) devices are also found to have higher initial resistance, reduced forming current, and larger resistance window. Based on these insights and considering the compatibility to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, we proposed to use Ni as the top electrode for high performance WOX ReRAM devices. The new Ni/WOX/W device can be switched at a low current density less than 8×105 A/cm2, with RESET/SET resistance ratio greater than 100, and extremely good data retention of more than 300 years at 85 °C.

Characteristics of the stress-induced formation of R-phase in ultrafine-grained NiTi shape memory wire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Olbricht, J.; Yawny, A.; Pelegrina, J.L.; Eggeler, G.; Yardley, V.A.

2013-01-01

Highlights: •We investigated the stress-induced formation of R-phase in NiTi shape memory wires. •The R-phase related strains were isolated from the overall stress-strain-behavior. •The stress–strain characteristics of R-phase suggest a homogeneous transformation. •Thermography confirms the homogeneous R-phase formation in ultrafine-grained NiTi. -- Abstract: The transformation between the cubic B2 and monoclinic B19′ phases in ultrafine-grained pseudoelastic NiTi can occur as a two-step process involving the intermediate rhombohedral R-phase. Experimental work using differential scanning calorimetry, electrical resistance measurements and transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated the formation of this intermediate phase during thermal cycling and during mechanical loading. In the present paper, complementary mechanical and thermographic results are presented which allow to further assess the character of the stress-induced R-phase formation. The transformation from B2 to R-phase is demonstrated to occur homogeneously within the gauge length rather than via advancing Lüders-type transition regions as it is the case in the localized transformation from B2 or R-phase to B19′

Atomistic simulation of radiation-induced amorphization of the B2 ordered intermetallic compound NiTi

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sabochick, M.J.

1990-12-01

Amorphization of the B2 intermetallic compound NiTi under electron irradiation has been investigated using molecular dynamics. The effect of irradiation was simulated using two processes: (1) Ni and Ti atoms were exchanged, resulting in chemical disorder, and (2) Frenkel pairs were introduced, leading to the formation of stable point defects and also chemical disorder upon mutual recombination of interstitials and vacancies. After ∼0.4 exchanges per atom, the first process resulted in an energy increase of approximately 0.11 eV/atom and a volume increase of 1.91%. On the other hand, after introducing ∼0.5 Frenkel pairs per atom, the second process led to smaller increases of 0.092 eV/atom in energy and 1.43% in volume. The calculated radial distribution functions (RDFs) were essentially identical to each other and to the calculated RDF of a quenched liquid. The structure factor, however, showed that long-range order was still present after atom exchanges, while the introduction of Frenkel pairs resulted in the loss of long-range order. It was concluded that point defects are necessary for amorphization to occur in NiTi, although chemical disorder alone is capable of storing enough energy to make the transition possible. 18 refs., 3 figs

Structural features in Ni-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abylkalykova, R.B.; Kveglis, L.I.; Rakhimova, U.A.; Nasokhova, Sh.B.; Tazhibaeva, G.B.

2007-01-01

Purpose of the work is study of structural transformations under diverse memory effect in Ni-Al alloys. Examination were conducted in following composition samples: Ni -75 at.% and Al - 25 at.%. The work is devoted to clarification reasons both formation atom-ordered structures in inter-grain boundaries of bulk samples under temperature action and static load. Revealed inter-grain inter-boundary layers in Ni-Al alloy both bulk and surface state have complicated structure

Atomistic study on shock behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Yin, Qiuyun; Wu, Xianqian; Huang, Chenguang

2017-06-01

The shock behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloy is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulation. The nano-pillar samples of the alloy are subjected to the impact of a piston with a velocity of 350 m/s at initial environment temperatures of 325 and 500 K. At 325 K, we observe two different pathways of the formation of BCO phase, the gradient twins, and the detwinning phenomena, strongly depending on the local stress and the deformation state. As the initial temperature increases to 500 K, the plasticity is dominated by the dislocation movements rather than the twinning at 325 K. The phase transformation and plasticity result in stress attenuation when the stress wave propagates through the nano-pillar. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that multiple stress peaks occur due to the formation of local complex atomic structures with various wave speeds, leading to the catch up and overlap of the stress waves.

Soldering-induced Cu diffusion and intermetallic compound formation between Ni/Cu under bump metallization and SnPb flip-chip solder bumps

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Chien-Sheng; Jang, Guh-Yaw; Duh, Jenq-Gong

2004-04-01

Nickel-based under bump metallization (UBM) has been widely used as a diffusion barrier to prevent the rapid reaction between the Cu conductor and Sn-based solders. In this study, joints with and without solder after heat treatments were employed to evaluate the diffusion behavior of Cu in the 63Sn-37Pb/Ni/Cu/Ti/Si3N4/Si multilayer structure. The atomic flux of Cu diffused through Ni was evaluated from the concentration profiles of Cu in solder joints. During reflow, the atomic flux of Cu was on the order of 1015-1016 atoms/cm2s. However, in the assembly without solder, no Cu was detected on the surface of Ni even after ten cycles of reflow. The diffusion behavior of Cu during heat treatments was studied, and the soldering-process-induced Cu diffusion through Ni metallization was characterized. In addition, the effect of Cu content in the solder near the solder/intermetallic compound (IMC) interface on interfacial reactions between the solder and the Ni/Cu UBM was also discussed. It is evident that the (Cu,Ni)6Sn5 IMC might form as the concentration of Cu in the Sn-Cu-Ni alloy exceeds 0.6 wt.%.

Effect of Thermomechanical Processing on the Microstructure, Properties, and Work Behavior of a Ti50.5 Ni29.5 Pt20 High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Noebe, Ronald; Draper, Susan; Gaydosh, Darrell; Garga, Anita; Lerch, Brad; Penney, Nicholas; Begelow, Glen; Padula, Santo, II; Brown, Jeff

2006-01-01

TiNiPt shape memory alloys are particularly promising for use as solid state actuators in environments up to 300 C, due to a reasonable balance of properties, including acceptable work output. However, one of the challenges to commercializing a viable high-temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) is to establish the appropriate primary and secondary processing techniques for fabrication of the material in a required product form such as rod and wire. Consequently, a Ti(50.5)Ni(29.5)Pt20 alloy was processed using several techniques including single-pass high-temperature extrusion, multiple-pass high-temperature extrusion, and cold drawing to produce bar stock, thin rod, and fine wire, respectively. The effects of heat treatment on the hardness, grain size, room temperature tensile properties, and transformation temperatures of hot- and cold-worked material were examined. Basic tensile properties as a function of temperature and the strain-temperature response of the alloy under constant load, for the determination of work output, were also investigated for various forms of the Ti(50.5)Ni(29.5)Pt20 alloy, including fine wire.

First-principles prediction of shape memory behavior and ferrimagnetism in Mn2NiSn

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Paul, Souvik; Ghosh, Subhradip

2011-01-01

Using first-principles density functional theory, we show that, in Mn 2 NiSn, an energy lowering phase transition from the cubic to tetragonal phase occurs which indicates a martensitic phase transition. This structural phase transition is nearly volume-conserving, implying that this alloy can exhibit shape memory behavior. The magnetic ground state is a ferrimagnetic one with antiparallel Mn spin moments. The calculated moments with different electronic structure methods in the cubic phase compare well with each other but differ from the experimental values by more than 1 μ B . The reason behind this discrepancy is explored by considering antisite disorder in our calculations, which indicates that the site ordering in this alloy can be quite complex.

Investigation into the MgF2-NiF2, CaF2-NiF2, SrF2-NiF2 systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ikrami, D.D.; Petrov, S.V.; Fedorov, P.P.; Ol'khovaya, L.A.; Luginina, A.A.; AN SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Fizicheskikh Problem; AN SSSR, Moscow. Inst. Kristallografii)

1984-01-01

Using the methods of differential thermal and X-ray phase analyses the systems MgF 2 -NiF 2 , CaF 2 -NiF 2 , SrF 2 -NiF 2 have been studied. In the system SrF 2 -NiF 2 the only orthorhombic compounds SrNiF 4 (a=14.43; b=3.93; c=5.66 (+-0.01 A)) is formed. SrNiF 4 density constitutes: dsub(X-ray)=4.60+-0.01 g/cm 3 , dsub(exp.)=4.60+-0.03 g/cm 3 . Refraction indices are as follows SrNiF 4 :Ng=1.500; Nsub(m)=1.497; Nsub(p)=1.479. SrNiF 4 magnetic ordering temperature Tsub(N) approximately 100 K

Effects of aging on the shape memory and superelasticity behavior of ultra-high strength Ni{sub 54}Ti{sub 46} alloys under compression

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kaya, I., E-mail: irfan_kaya@anadolu.edu.tr [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir TR 26555 (Turkey); Tobe, H.; Karaca, H.E. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (United States); Basaran, B. [Department of Engineering Technology, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 (United States); Nagasako, M. [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Kainuma, R. [Department of Material Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan); Chumlyakov, Y. [Siberian Physical-Technical Institute at Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050 (Russian Federation)

2016-12-15

This study investigates the effects of aging on the shape memory and superelasticity behavior of a Ni-rich Ni{sub 54}Ti{sub 46} (at%) alloy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compression test (thermal cycling under stress and superelasticity) were carried out after 3 h agin;g from 450 °C to 600 °C. The alloys show recoverable shape memory effect with transformation strains of about 1% and narrow hysteresis under high stress levels. The work output of 14.1 Jg{sup −1} was observed at an ultra-high stress level of 1500 MPa after 600 °C 3 h aging. 450 °C 3 h aging resulted in a very narrow temperature hysteresis of 8°C under an ultra-high stress level of 1500 MPa. At room temperature, the superelastic response with 4% total strain was obtained even when high stress level of 2000 MPa is applied after 550 °C 3 h aging.

Understanding the shape-memory alloys used in orthodontics.

Science.gov (United States)

Fernandes, Daniel J; Peres, Rafael V; Mendes, Alvaro M; Elias, Carlos N

2011-01-01

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape-memory alloys (SMAs) have been used in the manufacture of orthodontic wires due to their shape memory properties, super-elasticity, high ductility, and resistance to corrosion. SMAs have greater strength and lower modulus of elasticity when compared with stainless steel alloys. The pseudoelastic behavior of NiTi wires means that on unloading they return to their original shape by delivering light continuous forces over a wider range of deformation which is claimed to allow dental displacements. The aim of this paper is to discuss the physical, metallurgical, and mechanical properties of NiTi used in Orthodontics in order to analyze the shape memory properties, super-elasticity, and thermomechanical characteristics of SMA.

Synthesis, crystal structure determination, thermal and magnetic properties of the new Cu{sub 0.73}Ni{sub 0.27}(HSeO{sub 3}){sub 2} compound

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hentech, I., E-mail: hentechimen@yahoo.fr [Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux et de l' Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, Université de Sfax, 3000 (Tunisia); CMTR, ICMPE, UMR7182, CNRS – Université Paris Est Créteil, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, F-94320 Thiais (France); Zehani, K. [CMTR, ICMPE, UMR7182, CNRS – Université Paris Est Créteil, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, F-94320 Thiais (France); Kabadou, A.; Ben Salah, A.; Loukil, M. [Laboratoire des Sciences des Matériaux et de l' Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP 1171, Université de Sfax, 3000 (Tunisia); Bessais, L. [CMTR, ICMPE, UMR7182, CNRS – Université Paris Est Créteil, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, F-94320 Thiais (France)

2017-01-15

A novel three-dimensional Cu{sub 0.73}Ni{sub 0.27}(HSeO{sub 3}){sub 2} compound was prepared from an aqueous solution. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with P2{sub 1}/n space group and with the following cell parameters: a=6.4379(3) Å; b=7.3555(3) Å; c=5.7522(3) Å; β=93.4341(1)°; V=271.90(2) Å{sup 3} and Z=2. The reported material has been structurally characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and confirmed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (MEB/EDS) analysis. The copper/nickel atom is surrounded by an octahedron coordination of oxygen atoms from sex hydrogenoselenites anions. The presence of (HSeO{sub 3}){sup −} has been further confirmed by IR spectroscopy and this compound exhibits a phase transition at 356 K, this transition has been detected by differential scanning calorimetry and TG-DTA measurement. The magnetic property of this material was determined. The ferromagnetic ordering is further confirmed by the magnetic field dependence of the magnetization (Hysteresis loop) at 10 K. The substitution of Cu by Ni induces a ferro-paramagnetic transition at T=31 K. Field cooled (FC) and Zero field cooled (ZFC) magnetization measurements under an applied field of 100 Oe in the temperature range of 10–300 K were performed. These measurements have been resulted the blocking temperature (T{sub B}) at around 25 K. - Highlights: • A novel three-dimensional Cu{sub 0.73}Ni{sub 0.27}(HSeO{sub 3}){sub 2} compound was prepared from an aqueous solution. • Magnetic measurements reveal the occurrence of weak ferromagnetism at low temperature for this compound. • The substitution of Cu by Ni induces a ferro-paramagnetic transition at T=31 K.

Laser Welding of Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Oliveira, Joao Pedro de Sousa

Joining of shape memory alloys is of great importance for both functional and structural applications as it can provide an increased design flexibility. In this work similar NiTi/NiTi, CuAlMn/CuAlMn and dissimilar NiTi/Ti6Al4V joints were produced by Nd:YAG laser. For the NiTi/NiTi joints the effect of process parameters (namely the heat input) on the superelastic and shape memory effects of the joints was assessed and correlated to its microstructure. Microstructural analysis was performed by means of X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, which allowed for fine probing of the welded material. It was noticed the presence of martensite in the thermally affected regions, while the base material remained fully austenitic. The mechanisms for the formation of martensite, at room temperature, due to the welding procedure are presented and the influence of this phase on the functional properties of the joints is discussed. Additionally, the residual stresses were determined using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. For the dissimilar NiTi/Ti6Al4V joints, a Niobium interlayer was used to prevent the formation undesired brittle intermetallic compounds. Additionally, it was observed that positioning of the laser beam was of significant importance to obtain a sound joint. The mechanisms responsible for the joint formation are discussed based on observations with advanced characterization techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy. At the NiTi/Nb interface, an eutectic reaction promotes joining of the two materials, while at the Ti6Al4V/Nb interface fusion and, subsequent solidification of the Ti6Al4V was responsible for joining. Short distance diffusion of Nb to the fusion zone of Ti6Al4V was observed. Although fracture of the dissimilar welded joints occurred at a stress lower than the minimum required for the stress induced transformation, an improvement on the microstructure and mechanical properties, relatively to existing literature, was obtained. Finally

Peculiarities of the intermediate valence state of Ce in CeM2Si2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koterlyn, M.; Shcherba, I.; Yasnitskii, R.; Koterlyn, G.

2007-01-01

The results of thermoelectric power and the electrical resistivity measurements connected with the intermediate valence (IV) of Ce are presented for the compounds CeM 2 Si 2 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) in the temperature range of 4-800 K. It is shown that CeM 2 Si 2 are Kondo-lattices with the coherence scale T coh ∼ 60-80 K and the so-called single-site Kondo temperature T K ∼ 10 3 K. On the example of CeNi 2 Si 2 we have studied the changes in the structure of density of f states (f-DOS) near the Fermi energy caused by atomic substitutions. The results of structural, transport, magnetic, and Ce L III X-ray absorption spectra measurements in the series Ce 1-x La x Ni 2 Si 2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6), Ce(Ni 1-y Cu y ) 2 Si 2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.6) and CeNi 2 (Si 1-z Ge z ) 2 (0 ≤ z ≤ 0.5) are presented. We found that the IV state of Ce in the CeM 2 Si 2 is an evidence of possible opening a wide pseudogap Δ ∼ kT K within the f-DOS structure slightly above the Fermi energy

Evaluation on microscopic damage and fabrication process of shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Jin Kyung; Choi, Il Kook; Park, Young Chul; Lee, Kyu Chang; Lee, Jun Hyun

2002-01-01

Shape memory alloy has been used to improve the tensile strength of composite by the occurrence of compressive residual stress in matrix using its shape memory effect. In order to fabricate shape memory alloy composite, TiNi alloy and Al6061 were used as reinforcing material and matrix, respectively. In this study, TiNi/Al6061 shape memory alloy composite was made by using hot press method. However, the specimen fabricated by this method had the bonding problem at tile boundary between TiNi fiber anti Al matrix when the load was applied to it. A cold rolling was imposed to the specimen to improve the bonding effort. It was found that tensile strength of specimen subjected to cold rolling was more increased than that of specimen which did not underwent cold rolling. In addition, acoustic emission technique was used to quantify the microscopic damage behavior of cold rolled TiNi/Al6061 shape memory alloy composite at high temperature.

Bulk-compositional changes of Ni2Al3 and NiAl3 during ion etching

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen Houwen; Wang Rong

2008-01-01

Bulk-compositional changes of Ni 2 Al 3 and NiAl 3 in a Ni-50 wt% Al alloy during ion etching have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analyses. After etching with 7, 5 and 3 keV Ar + ions for 15, 24 and 100 h nickel contents in both Ni 2 Al 3 and NiAl 3 exceeded greatly those in the initial compounds and increased with the decrement of the sputtering energy. After 100 h etching with 3 keV Ar + ions the compositions of these two compounds reached a similar value, about Ni 80-83 Al 12-15 Fe 3-4 Cr 1-2 (at%). A synergistic action of preferential sputtering, radiation-induced segregation and radiation-enhanced diffusion enables the altered-layers at the top and bottom of the film extend through the whole film. The bulk-compositional changes are proposed to occur in the unsteady-state sputtering regime of ion etching and caused by an insufficient supply of matter in a thin film

Vacuum Arc Melting Processes for Biomedical Ni-Ti Shape Memory Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tsai De-Chang

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This study primarily involved using a vacuum arc remelting (VAR process to prepare a nitinol shape-memory alloy with distinct ratios of alloy components (nitinol: 54.5 wt% to 57 wt%. An advantage of using the VAR process is the adoption of a water-cooled copper crucible, which effectively prevents crucible pollution and impurity infiltration. Optimising the melting production process enables control of the alloy component and facilitates a uniformly mixed compound during subsequent processing. This study involved purifying nickel and titanium and examining the characteristics of nitinol alloy after alloy melt, including its microstructure, mechanical properties, phase transition temperature, and chemical components.

Effect of grain size on superelasticity in Fe-Mn-Al-Ni shape memory alloy wire

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Omori

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Effects of grain size on superelastic properties in Fe-34Mn-15Al-7.5Ni alloy wires with a ⟨110⟩ fiber-texture were investigated by cyclic tensile tests. It was confirmed that the critical stress for induced martensitic transformation and the superelastic strain are functions of relative grain size d/D (d: mean grain diameter, D: wire diameter, and that the critical stress is proportional to (1–d/D2 as well as in Cu-based shape memory alloys. A large superelastic strain of about 5% was obtained in the specimen with a large relative grain size over d/D = 1.

Influence of Test Procedures on the Thermomechanical Properties of a 55NiTi Shape Memory Alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Padula, Santo A., II; Gaydosh, Darrell J.; Noebe, Ronald D.; Bigelow, Glen S.; Garg, Anita; Lagoudas, Dimitris; Karaman, Ibrahim; Atli, Kadri C.

2008-01-01

Over the past few decades, binary NiTi shape memory alloys have received attention due to their unique mechanical characteristics, leading to their potential use in low-temperature, solid-state actuator applications. However, prior to using these materials for such applications, the physical response of these systems to mechanical and thermal stimuli must be thoroughly understood and modeled to aid designers in developing SMA-enabled systems. Even though shape memory alloys have been around for almost five decades, very little effort has been made to standardize testing procedures. Although some standards for measuring the transformation temperatures of SMA s are available, no real standards exist for determining the various mechanical and thermomechanical properties that govern the usefulness of these unique materials. Consequently, this study involved testing a 55NiTi alloy using a variety of different test methodologies. All samples tested were taken from the same heat and batch to remove the influence of sample pedigree on the observed results. When the material was tested under constant-stress, thermal-cycle conditions, variations in the characteristic material responses were observed, depending on test methodology. The transformation strain and irreversible strain were impacted more than the transformation temperatures, which only showed an affect with regard to applied external stress. In some cases, test methodology altered the transformation strain by 0.005-0.01mm/mm, which translates into a difference in work output capability of approximately 2 J/cu cm (290 in!lbf/cu in). These results indicate the need for the development of testing standards so that meaningful data can be generated and successfully incorporated into viable models and hardware. The use of consistent testing procedures is also important when comparing results from one research organization to another. To this end, differences in the observed responses will be presented, contrasted and

Long-Range Atomic Order and Entropy Change at the Martensitic Transformation in a Ni-Mn-In-Co Metamagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vicente Sánchez-Alarcos

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The influence of the atomic order on the martensitic transformation entropy change has been studied in a Ni-Mn-In-Co metamagnetic shape memory alloy through the evolution of the transformation temperatures under high-temperature quenching and post-quench annealing thermal treatments. It is confirmed that the entropy change evolves as a consequence of the variations on the degree of L21 atomic order brought by thermal treatments, though, contrary to what occurs in ternary Ni-Mn-In, post-quench aging appears to be the most effective way to modify the transformation entropy in Ni-Mn-In-Co. It is also shown that any entropy change value between around 40 and 5 J/kgK can be achieved in a controllable way for a single alloy under the appropriate aging treatment, thus bringing out the possibility of properly tune the magnetocaloric effect.

Shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaszuwara, W.

2004-01-01

Shape memory alloys (SMA), when deformed, have the ability of returning, in certain circumstances, to their initial shape. Deformations related to this phenomenon are for polycrystals 1-8% and up to 15% for monocrystals. The deformation energy is in the range of 10 6 - 10 7 J/m 3 . The deformation is caused by martensitic transformation in the material. Shape memory alloys exhibit one directional or two directional shape memory effect as well as pseudoelastic effect. Shape change is activated by temperature change, which limits working frequency of SMA to 10 2 Hz. Other group of alloys exhibit magnetic shape memory effect. In these alloys martensitic transformation is triggered by magnetic field, thus their working frequency can be higher. Composites containing shape memory alloys can also be used as shape memory materials (applied in vibration damping devices). Another group of composite materials is called heterostructures, in which SMA alloys are incorporated in a form of thin layers The heterostructures can be used as microactuators in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Basic SMA comprise: Ni-Ti, Cu (Cu-Zn,Cu-Al, Cu-Sn) and Fe (Fe-Mn, Fe-Cr-Ni) alloys. Shape memory alloys find applications in such areas: automatics, safety and medical devices and many domestic appliances. Currently the most important appears to be research on magnetic shape memory materials and high temperature SMA. Vital from application point of view are composite materials especially those containing several intelligent materials. (author)

The martensitic transformation in Ti-rich TiNi shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lin, H.C.; Wu, S.K.; Lin, J.C.

1994-01-01

The martensitic (Ms) transformation temperatures and their ΔH values of Ti 51 Ni 49 and Ti 50.5 Ni 49.5 alloys are higher than those of equiatomic or Ni-rich TiNi alloys. The Ti-rich TiNi alloys exhibit good shape recovery in spite of a great deal of second phase Ti 2 Ni or Ti 4 Ni 2 O existing around B2 grain boundaries. The nearly identical transformation temperatures indicate that the absorbed oxygen in Ti-rich TiNi alloys may react with Ti 2 Ni particles, instead of the TiNi matrix, to form Ti 4 Ni 2 O. Martensite stabilization can be induced by cold rolling at room temperature. Thermal cycling can depress the transformation temperatures significantly, especially in the initial 20 cycles. The R-phase transformation can be promoted by both cold rolling and thermal cycling in Ti-rich TiNi alloys due to introduced dislocations depressing the Ms temperature. The strengthening effects of cold rolling and thermal cycling on the Ms temperature of Ti-rich TiNi alloys are found to follow the expression Ms = To - KΔσ y . The K values are affected by different strengthening processes and related to the as-annealed transformation temperatures. The higher the as-annealed Ms (or As), the larger the K value. (orig.)

Training and two-way shape memory in NiTi alloys: influence on thermal parameters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lahoz, R.; Puertolas, J.A.

2004-01-01

The two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was studied in a near equiatomic commercial alloy. A training procedure based on a constant load applied in the temperature range of the parent → martensite transformation was carried out on NiTi wires. The efficiency of the method was determined from deformation-temperature measurements by MTA at different training stress and number of cycles. A maximum of two shape memory strain was obtained for a stress training of 115 MPa, independently of number of training cycles. A correlation was established between the TWSME arisen and the permanent strain generated during the training. The A s and A f transitions present a positive shift and the M s and M f a negative one with increasing training stress. All the transitions temperatures decrease with the training cycling. In the trained material, the P→M and M→P temperatures and the latent heat of these conversions undergoes a strong decrease with increasing training stress, with a strong asymmetry between the forward and the reversed transitions. The changes of these thermal parameters as a function of the training parameters were studied on a thermodynamic frame

Martensitic transformation and shape memory effect in Ni54.75Mn13.25Fe7Ga25 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, H.B.; Sui, J.H.; Liu, C.; Cai, W.

2008-01-01

The martensitic transformation and shape memory effect of Ni 54.75 Mn 13.25 Fe 7 Ga 25 (at.%) alloy are studied in the present paper. It is shown that tetragonal martensite with parallel bands substructure transforms to parent phase heated by electron beam. It can be clearly observed that the martensite band becomes smaller and smaller, then transforms to parent phase completely in the end. A large reversible transformation strain, about 1.5%, is obtained in this undeformed polycrystalline alloy due to martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation. This transformation strain is also increased to 1.8% by the external magnetic field. It is believed that the effect of the magnetic field on the preferential orientation of martensitic variants increases the transformation strain

Structure and microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal exhibiting magnetic shape memory effect analysed by high resolution X-ray diffraction

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Heczko, Oleg; Cejpek, P.; Drahokoupil, Jan; Holý, V.

2016-01-01

Roč. 115, Aug (2016), s. 250-258 ISSN 1359-6454 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-30397S; GA ČR GA15-00262S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : magnetic field-induced strain * magnetic shape memory effect * X-ray diffraction * structure of Ni-Mn-Ga Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 5.301, year: 2016

Influence of Ni content on physico-chemical characteristics of Ni, Mg, Al-Hydrotalcite like compounds

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Carlos Camacho Rodrigues

2003-12-01

Full Text Available The physico-chemical properties of a series of Ni,Mg,Al-HTLC with Al/(Al+Mg+Ni = 0.25 and low Ni/Mg ratios were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD, thermogravimetric (TGA and thermodifferential (DTA analysis, N2 physissorption and temperature programmed reduction (TPR. The as-synthesized materials were well-crystallized, with XRD patterns typical of the HTLCs in carbonate form. Upon calcination and dehydration the dehydroxilation of the layers with concurrent decomposition of carbonate anions produced mixed oxides with high surface area. XRD analysis indicated that the different nickel and aluminum oxides species are well-dispersed in a poor-crystallized MgO periclase-type phase. As observed by TPR, the different Ni species showed distinct interactions with Mg(AlO phase, which were influenced by both nickel content and calcination temperature. Regardless of the the nickel content, the reduction of nickel species was not complete as indicated by the presence of metallic dispersions.

Rapid thermal annealing of Ti-rich TiNi thin films: A new approach to fabricate patterned shape memory thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Motemani, Y.; Tan, M.J.; White, T.J.; Huang, W.M.

2011-01-01

This paper reports the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) of Ti-rich TiNi thin films, synthesized by the co-sputtering of TiNi and Ti targets. Long-range order of aperiodic alloy could be achieved in a few seconds with the optimum temperature of 773 K. Longer annealing (773 K/240 s), transformed the film to a poorly ordered vitreous phase, suggesting a novel method for solid state amorphization. Reitveld refinement analyses showed significant differences in structural parameters of the films crystallized by rapid and conventional thermal annealing. Dependence of the elastic modulus on the valence electron density (VED) of the crystallized films was studied. It is suggested that RTA provides a new approach to fabricate patterned shape memory thin films.

Effect of different stages of deformation on the microstructure evolution of Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tadayyon, Ghazal, E-mail: Ghazal.tadayyon@gmail.com [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland); Guo, Yina, E-mail: Yina.Guo@ul.ie [Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick (Ireland); Mazinani, Mohammad, E-mail: mazinani@um.ac.ir [Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Zebarjad, Seyed Mojtaba, E-mail: mojtabazebarjad@shirazu.ac.ir [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Tiernan, Peter, E-mail: Peter.Tiernan@ul.ie [Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick (Ireland); Tofail, Syed A.M., E-mail: Tofail.Syed@ul.ie [Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick (Ireland); Biggs, Manus J.P., E-mail: manus.biggs@nuigalway.ie [Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland, Galway (Ireland)

2017-03-15

The main objective of this work was to investigate the thermomechanical behavior and microstructural changes of a Ti-rich NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA). The microstructural and texture evolution of aged NiTi alloy at different degrees of deformation were elicited by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An effort was made to correlate results obtained from the tensile test with results from microstructure studies. The undeformed sample reveals a self-accommodated morphology with straight and well defined twin boundaries. At different stages of deformation, diverse mechanisms were involved. These mechanisms include marstraining, detwinning accompanied by dislocation movement, and finally, severe plastic deformation, subdivision and amorphization of the matrix. Under increasing strains, high density lattice defects were generated and the morphology of B19’ became disordered. - Graphical abstract: The summary of microstructure changes of the martensite twins during tensile deformation in polycrystalline NiTi SMAs. - Highlights: • Initial elastic response, dislocation avalanche and deformation bands were studied. • < 011 > Type II twin accompanied by detwinned area after 2% cold work was observed. • Visible parallel fine stacking faults showed plastic flow of the material. • At higher strains, subgrains changed to recrystallized, finely amorphous structure.

The Ni3Al and NiAl alloys: a class of intermetallics which can replace the Ni-base superalloys for the aerospace high temperature structural applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lucaci, M.; Vidu, C.D.; Vasile, E.

2001-01-01

The paper presents the results obtained in synthesizing Ni-base refractory intermetallics from elemental powder mixes. In view of this, four mixes were made for the Ni 3 Al intermetallics and five mixes for the NiAl ones. The compound synthesis was made at T = 660 o C under vacuum by the SHS method, in the thermo-explosion mode. The variable parameters were the compacting pressure and the aluminum amount in the mixes. The obtained materials were then characterized by the microstructure and by the physical properties. The product synthesis degree was followed as well as their influence on the types of microstructures obtained. The reaction products were evidenced by x-ray diffraction and by quantitative chemical microanalysis. The obtained results revealed the formation of the Ni 3 Al compound having a primitive cubic crystal lattice with a 0 = 3,564 Aa and the formation of the NiAl compound, of a bcc lattice having a 0 = 2,86 Aa. Those obtained prove the ample influences of the powder homogeneity degree and of the powder purity on the possibility to produce an adequate synthesis, as well as the influence of the amount liquid appeared in the system on the synthesis degree, on the reaction rate and on the porosity of materials obtained. (author)

Effects of Hydrogen Charging on the Phase Transformation of Martensitic NiTi Shape Memory Alloy Wires

Science.gov (United States)

Snir, Yoav; Carl, Matthew; Ley, Nathan A.; Young, Marcus L.

2017-12-01

Ti-rich martensitic NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) wires of 0.5 mm diameter were tested under hydrogen-charging conditions to reveal the effects on phase transformation. Hydrogen charging was performed by immersion testing for several durations. The SMA wires were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) for the the as-received, polished, and hydrogen-charged conditions. The DSC revealed the phase-transformation behavior of the NiTi SMA wires. Single and triple heating/cooling cycles in the DSC show the relationship between hydrogen and temperature on the material. Five distinct peaks (peaks I-V) are observed during heating/cooling in the DSC. Peak I corresponds to the martensite-to-austenite (M → A) transformation. Peaks II, III, and IV are related to hydrogen charging. Peak II appears at about 210-230 °C, while peaks III and IV appear at about 350 and 440 °C, respectively. These higher temperature peaks, peaks II-IV, were observed for the first time for a martensitic NiTi SMA due to the large temperature range covered using the DSC. Only one peak (peak V) appears during cooling and corresponds to the austenite-to-martensite transformation peak. Ex situ and in situ SR-XRD revealed the phases and the crystallographic relationship to peaks I-V in the DSC.

First-principles study of the nickel–silicon binary compounds under pressure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Yuhong, E-mail: zyh388@sina.com [College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051 (China); Hou, Hua [College of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051 (China); Zhao, Yuhui [Department of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Hebei College of Industry and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050091 (China); Han, Peide [College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024 (China)

2015-08-15

Highlights: • The structural and elastic properties of Ni–Si system under pressure are firstly studied. • The lattice parameters of NiSi{sub 2} are the most sensitive to external pressure change. • Ni{sub 3}Si, Ni{sub 31}Si{sub 12}, Ni{sub 2}Si (δ) and Ni{sub 3}Si{sub 2} are mechanical stability with pressure up to 50 GPa. • The hardness of the four compounds can be improved by increasing pressure. • Electronic structures are analyzed to understand pressure effect on the seven compounds. - Abstract: The effects of high pressure on structural, stable, elastic, thermodynamic properties and electronic structures of Ni–Si binary compounds (i.e. β-Ni{sub 3}Si, γ-Ni{sub 31}Si{sub 12}, δ-Ni{sub 2}Si, θ-Ni{sub 2}Si, ε-Ni{sub 3}Si{sub 2}, ε-NiSi and α-NiSi{sub 2}) have been firstly studied by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory method within generalized gradient approximation. The calculated lattice parameters of the seven compounds at zero pressure and zero temperature agree well with the available experimental values and previous theoretical data. The values of V/V{sub 0} decrease with pressure going up to 50 GPa and the rate of change decrease gradually. The lattice parameters of NiSi{sub 2} are the most sensitive to external pressure change. Ni{sub 3}Si, Ni{sub 31}Si{sub 12}, Ni{sub 2}Si (δ) and Ni{sub 3}Si{sub 2} are mechanical stability by estimating stability criteria with pressure ranging from 0 to 50 GPa. But Ni{sub 2}Si (θ), NiSi and NiSi{sub 2} are not mechanically stable with pressure up to 10, 40 and 30 GPa, respectively. The calculated results of bulk modulus B, shear modulus G and Young’s modulus E illustrate pressure can improve the hardness of Ni{sub 3}Si, Ni{sub 31}Si{sub 12}, Ni{sub 2}Si (δ) and Ni{sub 3}Si{sub 2} compounds. In addition, ratio of shear modulus to bulk modulus G/B shows that all the considered compounds are ductile materials except NiSi. The Debye temperature Θ{sub D} of Ni{sub 3}Si

Radioactive 63Ni in biological research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kasprzak, K.S.; Sunderman, F.W. Jr.

1979-01-01

Applications of 63 Ni in biological research are reviewed, with emphasis upon recent investigations of nickel metabolism and toxicology in experimental animals. The radiochemistry of 63 Ni is summarized, including consideration of the preparation of certain 63 Ni compounds (e.g. 63 Ni(CO) 4 and 63 Ni 3 S 2 ) that are of current interest in toxicology, teratology and cancer research. Practical guidance is given regarding the detection and determination of 63 Ni in biological materials by autoradiography and liquid scintillation spectrometry. (author)

Study of the behavior of the compound Mg2Ni0.5Co0.5 front to hydriding process

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martinez, C; Ordonez, S; Serafini, D; Guzman, D; Bustos, O

2012-01-01

This paper study the behavior of the compound Mg 2 Ni 0,5 Co 0,5 during the hydriding process. Elemental powders of Mg, Ni and Co, with an atomic ratio of 2:0,5:0,5 were mechanically alloyed using a high energy mill SPEX 8000D for 36h. The amorphous and crystalline structure of the samples was characterized through X-ray diffraction The hydriding process was performed by the volumetric technique Sievert at 90 o C and a pressure of 20 bar H 2 . The desorption process was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry. Based on the results we can conclude that the amorphous structure absorbs more hydrogen, reaching a maximum of 3.6 wt% H2, besides the incorporation of cobalt act as catalyst for the absorption of H2 obtaining values higher than those reported in the Mg-Ni system amorphous state. The desorption process is influenced by the type of structure that presents the alloy

Microstructural evaluation of NiTi-based films deposited by magnetron sputtering

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Crăciunescu, Corneliu M., E-mail: corneliu.craciunescu@upt.ro; Mitelea, Ion, E-mail: corneliu.craciunescu@upt.ro; Budău, Victor, E-mail: corneliu.craciunescu@upt.ro [Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara (Romania); Ercuţa, Aurel [Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Politehnica University of Timisoara and Department of Physics, West University Timisoara (Romania)

2014-11-24

Shape memory alloy films belonging to the NiTi-based systems were deposited on heated and unheated substrates, by magnetron sputtering in a custom made system, and their structure and composition was analyzed using electron microscopy. Several substrates were used for the depositions: glass, Cu-Zn-Al, Cu-Al-Ni and Ti-NiCu shape memory alloy ribbons and kapton. The composition of the Ti-Ni-Cu films showed limited differences, compared to the one of the target and the microstructure for the DC magnetron sputtering revealed crystallized structure with features determined on peel off samples from a Si wafer. Both inter and transcrystalline fractures were observed and related to the interfacial stress developed on cooling from deposition temperature.

High-strength shape memory steels alloyed with nitrogen

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ullakko, K.; Jakovenko, P.T.; Gavriljuk, V.G.

1996-01-01

Since shape memory effect in Fe-Mn-Si systems was observed, increasing attention has been paid to iron based shape memory alloys due to their great technological potential. Properties of Fe-Mn-Si shape memory alloys have been improved by alloying with Cr, Ni, Co and C. A significant improvement on shape memory, mechanical and corrosion properties is attained by introducing nitrogen in Fe-Mn-Si based systems. By increasing the nitrogen content, strength of the matrix increases and the stacking fault energy decreases, which promote the formation of stress induced martensite and decrease permanent slip. The present authors have shown that nitrogen alloyed shape memory steels exhibit recoverable strains of 2.5--4.2% and recovery stresses of 330 MPa. In some cases, stresses over 700 MPa were attained at room temperature after cooling a constrained sample. Yield strengths of these steels can be as high as 1,100 MPa and tensile strengths over 1,500 MPa with elongations of 30%. In the present study, effect of nitrogen alloying on shape memory and mechanical properties of Fe-Mn-Si, Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni and Fe-Mn-Cr-Ni-V alloys is studied. Nitrogen alloying is shown to exhibit a beneficial effect on shape memory properties and strength of these steels

On the origin of resistive switching volatility in Ni/TiO{sub 2}/Ni stacks

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cortese, Simone, E-mail: simone.cortese@soton.ac.uk; Trapatseli, Maria; Khiat, Ali; Prodromakis, Themistoklis [Nano Research Group, Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom)

2016-08-14

Resistive switching and resistive random access memories have attracted huge interest for next generation nonvolatile memory applications, also thought to be able to overcome flash memories limitations when arranged in crossbar arrays. A cornerstone of their potential success is that the toggling between two distinct resistance states, usually a High Resistive State (HRS) and a Low Resistive State (LRS), is an intrinsic non-volatile phenomenon with the two states being thermodynamically stable. TiO{sub 2} is one of the most common materials known to support non-volatile RS. In this paper, we report a volatile resistive switching in a titanium dioxide thin film sandwiched by two nickel electrodes. The aim of this work is to understand the underlying physical mechanism that triggers the volatile effect, which is ascribed to the presence of a NiO layer at the bottom interface. The NiO layer alters the equilibrium between electric field driven filament formation and thermal enhanced ion diffusion, resulting in the volatile behaviour. Although the volatility is not ideal for non-volatile memory applications, it shows merit for access devices in crossbar arrays due to its high LRS/HRS ratio, which are also briefly discussed.

H-Phase Precipitation and Martensitic Transformation in Ni-rich Ni-Ti-Hf and Ni-Ti-Zr High-Temperature Shape Memory Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Evirgen, A.; Pons, J.; Karaman, I.; Santamarta, R.; Noebe, R. D.

2018-03-01

The distributions of H-phase precipitates in Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 and Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 alloys formed by aging treatments at 500 and 550 °C or slow furnace cooling and their effects on the thermal martensitic transformation have been investigated by TEM and calorimetry. The comparative study clearly reveals faster precipitate-coarsening kinetics in the NiTiZr alloy than in NiTiHf. For precipitates of a similar size of 10-20 nm in both alloys, the martensite plates in Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 have larger widths and span a higher number of precipitates compared with the Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 alloy. However, for large H-phase particles with hundreds of nm in length, no significant differences in the martensitic microstructures of both alloy systems have been observed. The martensitic transformation temperatures of Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 are 80-90 °C higher than those of Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 in the precipitate-free state and in the presence of large particles of hundreds on nm in length, but this difference is reduced to only 10-20 °C in samples with small H-phase precipitates. The changes in the transformation temperatures are consistent with the differences in the precipitate distributions between the two alloy systems observed by TEM.

Elaboration and characterization of unreported (Pr,Nd){sub 5}Ni{sub 19} hydrides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemort, Lucille [ICMPE CMTR CNRS UMR 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais Cedex (France); Latroche, Michel, E-mail: michel.latroche@icmpe.cnrs.fr [ICMPE CMTR CNRS UMR 7182, 2-8 rue Henri Dunant, 94320 Thiais Cedex (France); Knosp, Bernard; Bernard, Patrick [SAFT, Direction de la Recherche, 111-113 Boulevard Alfred Daney, 33074 Bordeaux (France)

2011-09-15

Research highlights: > Two new compounds Pr{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and Nd{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} have been synthesized and their crystallographic structures have been determined. > Two polymorphic types are reported to coexist for the same composition, one rhombohedral and one hexagonal. > The hydrogen sorption properties of these two novel compounds have been measured and they exhibit capacities of 1.33%(wt) for Pr{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and 1.17%(wt) for Nd{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} under 10 MPa. - Abstract: In this study two new compounds have been synthesized: Pr{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and Nd{sub 5}Ni{sub 19}. The crystallographic structures as well as the thermodynamic properties of the hydrogen absorbing compounds Pr{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and Nd{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} have been determined. Both compounds exist under two polymorphic types that can be described as the stacking along the c axis of two different subunits [(Pr,Nd){sub 2}Ni{sub 4}] and [(Pr,Nd)Ni{sub 5}]: the hexagonal (2H) Pr{sub 5}Co{sub 19}-type structure (space group P6{sub 3}/mmc) and the rhombohedral (3R) Ce{sub 5}Co{sub 19}-type structure (space group R-3m). The two compounds are able to form hydrides at room temperature, in the pressure range of 0-10 MPa. They show desorption pressure plateaux around 0.8 MPa for Pr{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and 1 MPa for Nd{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and exhibit capacities under 10 MPa of 1.33 wt% for Pr{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} and 1.17 wt% for Nd{sub 5}Ni{sub 19} at the first cycle.

Thermomechanical characterization of Ni-rich NiTi fabricated by selective laser melting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saedi, Soheil; Turabi, Ali Sadi; Karaca, Haluk; Andani, Mohsen Taheri; Haberland, Christoph; Elahinia, Mohammad

2016-01-01

This study presents the shape memory behavior of as-fabricated and solution annealed Ni 50.8 Ti 49.2 alloys fabricated using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. Results were compared to the initial ingot that was used to fabricate powders. Optical microscopy was employed to reveal the microstructure. The shape memory effect under constant compressive stress and isothermal compressive stress cycling tests were utilized to investigate the shape memory characteristics of the initial ingot and fabricated alloys. It was revealed that the SLM method and post heat treatments can be used to tailor the microstructure and shape memory response. Partial superelasticity was observed after the SLM process. Solutionizing the fabricated samples increased the strength and improved the superelasticity but slightly decreased the recoverable strain. (paper)

Magnetic characteristics of M2FeV3O11 (M = Mg, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni) compounds

Science.gov (United States)

Groń, T.; Blonska-Tabero, A.; Filipek, E.; Stokłosa, Z.; Duda, H.; Sawicki, B.

2018-02-01

The unusual physical characteristics of the multicomponent oxide systems renewed the interest as the potential cathode materials in high-energy cells. Since the earlier magnetic characteristics were not entirely conclusive, we report the results of dc magnetic measurements including higher harmonics of ac magnetic susceptibility of the M2FeV3O11 (M = Mg, Zn, Pb, Co, Ni) compounds. Ferrimagnetic long-range and antiferromagnetic short-range interactions for all compounds under study at low temperatures as well as superparamagnetic-like behavior with the blocking temperature of 29 K and the freezing parameter of 0.013 were observed. These effects are discussed within the framework of superexchange and double exchange magnetic interactions as well as the mixed valence band of iron ions.

Structural characterization of half-metallic Heusler compound NiMnSb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nowicki, L. E-mail: lech.nowicki@fuw.edu.pl; Abdul-Kader, A.M.; Bach, P.; Schmidt, G.; Molenkamp, L.W.; Turos, A.; Karczewski, G

2004-06-01

High resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) and Rutherford backscattering/channeling (RBS/c) techniques were used to characterize layers of NiMnSb grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on InP with a In{sub x}Ga{sub 1-x}As buffer. Angular scans in the channeling mode reveal that the crystal structure of NiMnSb is tetragonally deformed with c/a=1.010{+-}0.002, in agreement with HRXRD data. Although HRXRD demonstrates the good quality of the pseudomorphic NiMnSb layers the channeling studies show that about 20% of atoms in the layers do not occupy lattice sites in the [0 0 1] rows of NiMnSb. The possible mechanisms responsible for the observed disorder are discussed.

Effect of Si substitution on structural, electronic and optical properties of YNi{sub 4}Si-type DyNi{sub 5−x}Si{sub x} (x=0, 1, 2) compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maurya, Dinesh Kumar; Saini, Sapan Mohan, E-mail: smsaini.phy@nitrr.ac.in

2016-10-15

We employed first principle calculations for investigation of structural, electronic and optical properties of YNi{sub 4}Si-type DyNi{sub 5−x}Si{sub x} (x=0, 1, 2) compounds. These properties are studied first time on YNi{sub 4}Si-type DyNi{sub 5−x}Si{sub x} compounds. The exchange and correlation potential is treated by the Coulomb corrected local spin density approximation (LSDA+U) method for better accounting of the correlation between the 4f electrons. The optimized lattice constants and internal cell parameters are in agreement with the available data. Self consistence band structure calculations show that Ni-3d states remains in valance band and dominant below the E{sub F}, while Dy-5d and 4f states mainly contributes above Fermi Energy (E{sub F}) in DyNi{sub 5−x}Si{sub x} (x=0, 1, 2) compounds. We also find that when silicon for nickel substitution takes place (DyNi{sub 4}Si), there is a gradual hybridization of Ni-3d and Si-3p states results, nickel moments decrease rapidly in agreement with the experiment. Optical spectra shows the main absorption peak around 4 eV depends on the substituent concentration and could be due to transition from hybridized band (Ni-3d and Si-3p), below E{sub F} to free Dy-4d states. Frequency-dependent refractive index, n(ω), and the extinction coefficient, k(ω), of DyNi{sub 5−x}Si{sub x} (x=0, 1, 2) are also calculated for the radiation up to 14 eV. - Highlights: • Calculated DOS revels that Ni-3d states are dominated below Fermi level (E{sub F}). • Spin down Dy-4f states show significant contribution to DOS above E{sub F.} • Nickel moments decrease rapidly with substitution of silicon for nickel (DyNi{sub 4}Si). • Most significant peak is found around 7eV in optical conductivity. • Nickel moments decrease rapidly with substitution of silicon for nickel (DyNi{sub 4}Si). • Peak indicates the possibility of transitions from Ni-3d states to empty spin down Dy-4f states.

The specific heat of Cu-Al-Ni shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruiz-Larrea, I.; Lopez-Echarri, A.; Bocanegra, E.H.; No, M.L.; San Juan, J.M.

2006-01-01

The specific heat of Cu 81.8 Al 13.7 Ni 4.5 (AK10) shape memory alloy has been studied by means of conventional DSC and adiabatic calorimetry techniques. The transformation temperatures and the shape of the calorimetric curves obtained by adiabatic calorimetry do not show any noticeable dependence on the temperature measurement rates, contrarily to what is observed by other calorimetric techniques. The dynamical character of the various experimental methods together with the influence of the latent heat associated to the first order character of these phase transitions are discussed. The specific heat of AK10 has been measured from 50 to 350 K which covers the phase transformation temperature range. The forward and reverse martensitic transformation peaks were found at 299.5 and 304.6 K, showing a thermal hysteresis of 5.1 deg. C. The C p accuracy can be estimated in 0.1% of C p and permits a reliable assignment of the following values to the phase transition thermodynamic functions: ΔH = 7.4 ± 0.2 J/g and ΔS = 0.025 ± 0.001 J/gK

Heterogeneous hydrogenation of unsaturated compounds with catalyst P-2-Ni with turnover numbers up to 90,000

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Strohmeier, W; Pfoehler, M; Steigerwald, H [Wuerzburg Univ. (Germany, F.R.). Inst. fuer Physikalische Chemie

1977-12-01

Unsaturated compounds are very rapidly hydrogenated with nickel-boride catalyst P-2-Ni without solvent under mild conditions (70-85/sup 0/C and 10 bar). Turnover numbers UZ up to 90,000 and space-time-yields of 7.440 mmol product per l and 1 mgA Nickel in one hour with a mean catalyst activity a = 124 were observed. This hydrogenation catalyst has a power, which is in the same magnitude of very active noble metal catalysts.

PIIID-formed (Ti, O)/Ti, (Ti, N)/Ti and (Ti, O, N)/Ti coatings on NiTi shape memory alloy for medical applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sun Tao, E-mail: taosun@hotmail.com.hk [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road (Hong Kong); Institute of Microelectronics, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A-STAR) (Singapore); Wang Langping, E-mail: aplpwang@hit.edu.cn [State Key Lab of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (China); Wang Min; Tong Howang [Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road (Hong Kong); Lu, William W. [Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road (Hong Kong)

2012-08-01

(Ti, O)/Ti, (Ti, N)/Ti and (Ti, O, N)/Ti composite coatings were fabricated on NiTi shape memory alloy via plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID). Surface morphology of samples was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cross-sectional morphology indicated that the PIIID-formed coatings were dense and uniform. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the phase composition of samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that the surface of coated NiTi SMA samples was Ni-free. Nanoindentation measurements and pin-on-disc tests were carried out to evaluate mechanical properties and wear resistance of coated NiTi SMA, respectively. For the in vitro biological assessment of the composite coatings in terms of cell morphology and cell viability, osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells were cultured on NiTi SMA samples, respectively. SaOS-2 cells attached and spread better on coated NiTi SMA. Viability of MCF-7 cells showed that the PIIID-formed composite coatings were noncytotoxic and coated samples were more biocompatible than uncoated samples. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer PIIID-formed coatings were fabricated on NiTi SMA to improve its biocompatibility. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of coatings were investigated. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer All PIIID-formed composite coatings were noncytotoxic and cytocompatible.

Microstructure of precipitates and magnetic domain structure in an annealed Co.sub.38./sub.Ni.sub.33./sub.Al.sub.29./sub. shape memory alloy

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bártová, Barbora; Wiese, N.; Schryvers, D.; Chapman, J. N.; Ignacová, Silvia

2008-01-01

Roč. 56, č. 16 (2008), 4470-4476 ISSN 1359-6454 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : CoNiAl shape memory alloys * microstructure * precipitates * magnetic domains * Lorentz microscopy Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 3.729, year: 2008

Heavy metal environmental impact. Nickel (Ni); Impatto ambientale da metalli pesanti. Il Nichel (Ni)

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bressa, G. [Padua Univ. Padua (Italy). Dipt. di Farmacologia, Lab. di Tossicologia

2001-02-01

Nickel (Ni) is a heavy metal in over 3.000 different alloys used to produce kitchen utensils, batteries, coins, etc.. Human extractive and industrial activities are therefore a cause for environmental dispersion of this metal into the biosphere. This shows how in urban areas car traffic and house-heating are the main sources of nickel pollution. Nickel is relatively non-toxic, such as iron, cobalt, copper and zinc; nevertheless prolonged inhalation of dust containing such compounds as Ni O or NiCl{sub 2} concurs in the outbreak of respiratory pathologies. The carcinogenic effect of such compounds as Ni S, Ni O and Ni(CO){sub 4} has been confirmed by experiments on laboratory animals. Ni potentially toxic concentrations, and as a consequence of potential environmental impact, are to be mainly found in populated areas where the main sources are represented by industries and landfills. [Italian] Il nichel (Ni) e' un metallo presente in oltre 3.000 differenti leghe che vengono utilizzate per la produzione di utensili da cucina, batterie, monete, ecc.. Le attivita' estrattive ed industriali dell'uomo sono quindi causa di una dispersione del metallo nella biosfera. Sono stati riscontrati elevati tassi di Ni nell'atmosfera di aree urbane. Cio' sta a dimostrare che nelle aree urbane il traffico automobilistico e il riscaldamento domestico sono le fonti principali di inquinamento da tale metallo. Il nichel e' relativamente atossico, analogamente a ferro, cobalto, rame e zinco, tuttavia l'inalazione protratta di polveri contenenti composti come il NiO o il NiCl{sub 2} contribuisce al manifestarsi di patologie dell'apparato respiratorio. E' stato confermato sperimentalmente su animali da laboratorio l'effetto cancerogeno di alcuni composti quali NiS, NiO e Ni(CO){sub 4}. Concentrazioni potenzialmente tossiche di Ni, e quindi di probabile impatto ambientale, sono maggiormente da ricercare nelle zone antropizzate dove le fonti

Magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds La(Ni,Co,Cu)3

Science.gov (United States)

Tazuke, Y.; Tanikawa, H.; Okano, A.; Miyaji, T.

2006-09-01

LaNi3 exhibited a metallic antiferromagnetic property with T N = 30 K. La(Ni1-x Cox )3 with x = 0.01, 0.03 and 0.05 exhibited ferromagnetic properties, T C increasing linearly with increasing x . La(Ni1-2z Coz Cuz )3 with z = 0.015 exhibited a ferromagnetic property with a small T C. A La(Ni1-y Cuy )3 sample with y = 0.01 exhibited a Pauli-paramagnetic property; those with y = 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 exhibited gradual metamagnetic behavior and that with y = 0.05 exhibited a ferromagnetic property. The gradual metamagnetic M -H variations are numerically simulated by using Landau-type free energies. The results suggest that the gradual metamagnetic behavior occurs from an antiferromagnetic state to a ferromagnetic one.

Magnetocaloric effect in Heusler shape-memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Planes, A.; Manosa, Ll.; Moya, X.; Krenke, T.; Acet, M.; Wassermann, E.F.

2007-01-01

We present a comparative study of the magnetocaloric properties of Ni-Mn-X Heusler shape-memory alloys with X=Ga, Sn and In. In these materials, the magnetocaloric effect is a consequence of the magnetostructural coupling that enables the magnetic shape-memory properties. We show that inverse magnetocaloric effects can occur in these materials. The origin of this anomalous behavior is different in stoichiometric Ni 2 MnGa and in Ni-Mn-Sn/In. In the former case it is related to the strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of the martensitic phase, while in the later it is an intrinsic effect associated with an incipient antiferromagnetism

Effect of titanium addition on shape memory effect and recovery stress of training-free cast Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni shape memory alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Gaixia; Peng, Huabei; Sun, Panpan; Wang, Shanling; Wen, Yuhua

2016-01-01

The shape memory effect and recovery stress of cast Fe–17.2Mn–5.28Si–9.8Cr–4.57Ni (18Mn) and Fe–17.5Mn–5.29Si–9.68Cr–4.2Ni–0.09Ti (18Mn–Ti) alloys have been investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), and resistivity–temperature curves. The cast 18Mn and 18Mn–Ti alloys solidified as the ferritic mode for which liquid phase fully transforms into primary δ ferrite. The role of titanium is to indirectly refine the austenite through refining the primary δ ferrite. In this case, the austenitic grains of the cast 18Mn alloy were much bigger than that of the cast 18Mn–Ti alloy, although the two alloys underwent δ→γ phase transformation. Grain refinement suppresses the stress-induced ε martensitic transformation, and thus the shape memory effect of the cast 18Mn–Ti alloy is worse than that of the cast 18Mn alloy. On the contrary, the maximum recovery stress and the recovery stress at room temperature are higher for the cast 18Mn–Ti alloy annealed at 1073 K for 30 min than for the cast 18Mn alloy annealed at 973 K for 30 min, because grain refinement suppresses the relaxation of recovery stress caused by the plastic deformation and the stress-induced ε martensitic transformation during cooling process. It is difficult to obtain the training-free cast Fe–Mn–Si based shape memory alloys with excellent shape memory effect and high recovery stress only by grain refinement.

Effects of Compound Yi-Zhi on D-galactose-induced learning and memory deficits in mice

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

XUJiang-Ping; WUHang-Yu; LILin

2004-01-01

AIM: To explore the effects of Compound Yi-Zhi (YZC) on learning and memory capacity and free radical metabolism in D-galactose induced mice dementia model. METHODS: The mice dementia model was induced by a daily D-galactose 0.15g/kg sc for 45 days and after 5 days'D-galactose injection, the mice were treated with three doses of YZC

The formation of the two-way shape memory effect in rapidly quenched TiNiCu alloy under laser radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shelyakov, A V; Sitnikov, N N; Borodako, K A; Menushenkov, A P; Fominski, V Yu; Sheyfer, D V

2015-01-01

The effect of pulsed laser radiation (λ = 248 nm, τ = 20 ns) on structural properties and shape memory behavior of the rapidly quenched Ti 50 Ni 25 Cu 25 alloy ribbon was studied. The radiation energy density was varied from 2 to 20 mJ mm −2 . The samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, microhardness measurements and shape memory bending tests. It was ascertained that the action of the laser radiation leads to the formation of a structural composite material due to amorphization or martensite modification in the surface layer of the ribbon. Two methods are proposed which allow one to generate the pronounced two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) in a local area of the ribbon by using only a single pulse of the laser radiation. With increasing energy density of laser treatment, the magnitude of the reversible angular displacement with realization of the TWSME increases. The developed techniques can be used for the creation of various micromechanical devices. (paper)

Titanium-nickel shape memory alloys development in Taiwan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, S. K.; Lin, H. C.

1997-01-01

In Taiwan, many groups engage in the development of TiNi SMAs. The two-stage martensitic transformations of B2 R-phase B19' and B2 B19 B19' have been clarified for both TiNi binary and ternary alloys. The deformation behaviours have been investigated by cold-rolling, hot-rolling and wire drawing. Both shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity can be improved by some thermo-mechanical treatments. The damping characteristics of TiNi and TiNiX SMAs have also been systematically studied. Both B19'/B19 martensite (M) and R-phase (R) have high damping capacities due to stress induced movement of twin boundaries. Meanwhile, the addition of third elements, Fe and Cu, can largely increase the damping capacity. Recently, some high temperature shape memory alloys of TiNiPd and TiNiAu SMAs and thin films of TiNi and TiNiX alloys have also been intensively studied in Taiwan. All these potential investigations on the TiNi SMAs in Taiwan have attracted much attention and their important characteristics will be applied widely in the near future. (author)

Experimental observations on uniaxial whole-life transformation ratchetting and low-cycle stress fatigue of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy micro-tubes

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Di; Kang, Guozheng; Kan, Qianhua; Yu, Chao; Zhang, Chuanzeng

2015-07-01

In this work, the low-cycle fatigue failure of super-elastic NiTi shape memory alloy micro-tubes with a wall thickness of 150 μm is investigated by uniaxial stress-controlled cyclic tests at human body temperature 310 K. The effects of mean stress, peak stress, and stress amplitude on the uniaxial whole-life transformation ratchetting and fatigue failure of the NiTi alloy are observed. It is concluded that the fatigue life depends significantly on the stress levels, and the extent of martensite transformation and its reverse play an important role in determining the fatigue life. High peak stress or complete martensite transformation shortens the fatigue life.