Implementing Lean Manufacturing in Malaysian Small and Medium Startup Pharmaceutical Company

Science.gov (United States)

Ibrahim, Wan Mohd Khairi bin Wan; Rahman, Mohamed Abdul; Abu Bakar, Mohd Rushdi bin

2017-03-01

Domestic pharmaceutical industry has been identified by the Malaysian government as an industry to be developed under its 11th economic development plan. Most homegrown pharmaceutical companies fall under the category of small and medium enterprises (SME) and therefore need to be highly efficient in their operations to compete with the multinationals. Though lean manufacturing is a well-known methodology to achieve an efficient operation, only a small percentage of the local SMEs implement it. The study aims to determine the real success factors in lean implementation through systematic review of relevant literature on lean manufacturing implementation in local companies, onsite observation of a selected SME company, Global Factor Sdn. Bhd. (GFSB), that successfully implemented lean manufacturing followed by actual implementation of lean project at IKOP Sdn. Bhd., a small startup pharmaceutical company. Lean tools like Gemba, value stream map (VSM) and spaghetti diagram were used to analyze and improve a process at IKOP Sdn. Bhd. The literature review showed that the implementation of lean manufacturing at Malaysian SMEs involved in pharmaceutical industry is at its infancy. Study at GFSB indicated that successful implementation of lean manufacturing stems from management support, employee’s commitment, government support and knowledge on lean among employees. Application of lean tools in IKOP Sdn. Bhd. to improve the process cycle efficiency of hand sanitizer, i-Hand 4.0, has shown that the GMP guidelines are not jeopardized. The Kaizen improvement project resulted in 46.3% reduction in lead time. It may be concluded that implementing lean manufacturing in any small local startup pharmaceutical company is beneficial in reducing operational costs and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness and does not conflict with the existing GMP guidelines.

Software-as-a-Service and Cloud Computing, a solution for small and medium-sized companies

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Bajenaru, A.

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Small and medium-sized companies are an important part of today’s world economy, for their ability to offer new jobs but also for their capacity of innovation. At the same time, they are in a constant struggle with larger companies that take advantage of their negotiating power to impose their way of doing business to the SMEs. In an ICT enabled world, most large companies being intense ICT users, the lag of ICT adoption in SMEs may create a strong barrier between SMEs and large companies, promoting an over growing digital divide, the SMEs being in danger of being left out in some economic sectors. This paper aims at finding a possible solution in the Software-as-a-Service and Cloud Computing model, a rather new solution, yet more and more sought off by SMEs but also larger companies, especially considering the global financial and economic crisis, as well as evaluating the European Union’s main views and policies regarding the SAAS – Cloud model.

ANALYSIS OF THE COMPETITIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE SMALL AND MEDIUM COMMERCIAL COMPANIES OF ESMERALDAS, REPUBLIC OF THE ECUADOR

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Manuel Ruvin Quiñónez-Cabeza

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper analyzes the competitive administration of the small and medium companies of the smallest trade of Emeralds, Republic of the Ecuador. The different companies related with activities are studied that have discharge it demands in the local population. In this sense, an empiric study has been developed through 344 surveys and personal interviews carried out proprietors, administrators and workers. Finally, the most outstanding revelations in this empiric work are commented, standing out those important barriers that limit the competitiveness of the studied companies. 

Modern methods of evaluation existing suppliers and suppliers selected by customer for small and medium-sized companies

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Marie Jurová

2010-01-01

Full Text Available On existing conditions on global market (almost identical quality, almost identical purchasing values companies have to definite the total rating of importance of evaluative criteria. In post-crisis period the problem of suppliers’ evaluation is one of the biggest, because companies had to use all resources and all possibilities to develop their own business. Many authors wrote about collaborative planning and warehousing as one of possibilities to optimization work inside supply chain. For this paper define small and medium-sized enterprises (SME as enterprises with the size of maximum 250 em­ployers. In literature was read we couldn’t find information about own system of suppliers evaluation for small and medium-sized enterprises. SME can have some different types of business and in this case need the universal system of eva­lua­tion. The research of this paper is oriented on small and medium-sized enterprises with different types of business. The new theoretical universal method of calculation for evaluation existing suppliers for small and medium-sized enterprises will present in this paper. This theoretical method is based on average values. This method includes traditional evaluative criteria (quality, delivery time and other (mobility of supplier, possibilities of new level of partnership. This method of evaluation can not be used for continual manufacture. New method can improve the total evaluation of supplier in small and medium-sized enterprises.

Competitive advantages in nets of micro, small and medium companies: the case of Brazil School Network

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Vaine Fermoseli Vilga

2008-09-01

Full Text Available In this article, it is presented a study about a stationery stores’ associativism called Brazil School Network. The objective was to verify the companies’ competitive advantages once taken part in this type of association. Primary data were collected in 45 stationery stores, starting from the 85 stores of São Paulo State. The productive, technological or services cooperation among micro, small and medium companies represent an alternative for the collective proits attainment among the actors. The strategical alliances, networks of companies, clusters, virtual organizations, incubators, local productive arrangements, condominiums and trusts represent forms of complementary resources coordination and management, distinct from the hierarchy and market. In the article, the typology and mechanisms for coordination of small and medium companies’ networks are also explored. The results show high beneits to the stationery stores associated to Brazil Scholar Network, which would not be possible if they were managed in isolated and independent way.

The administration and the environmental behavior of the small and medium industrial companies: The case of a city of Argentina

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guzman Ramos, Aldo; Fernandez, Guillermina

2001-01-01

The present article approaches the subject of the management and the environmental behavior in the industrial activity, especially in the small and medium companies, a city of Argentina. It is considers that the environmentalist strategies can be a possible exit to the socioeconomic and environmental crisis, but single for the great companies; since the rest of the companies presents/displays serious difficulties (economic, social, psychological, etc.) in order to initiate a sustainable industrial development

COMPUTATION IN CLOUD; A COMPETITIVE STRATEGY FOR THE SMALL AND MEDIUM COMPANIES IN MEXICO

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Alma Lilia Sapién Aguilar

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Cloud  computing  is  a  technology  that  provides  services  via  the  Internet.  With  this technology, companies can gain a competitive advantage, provide better customer service and reduce  costs. The objective of this research  was to analyze  the Cloud computing  service of companies  in the  city of Chihuahua,  Mexico.  This  was  a non-experimental,  descriptive  and empirical study with a quantitative approach, which was based on a survey conducted in the months  of  January  2012  through  April  2013.  The  study’s  purpose  was  small  and  medium enterprises (SMEs in the industrial, commercial and service sectors which represent the study population. Finite population formula was used to obtain the sample size, which were selected in a random manner. The results showed that 93 % of companies obtain reduced costs using cloud computing. Storage and sharing information was detected as some of the most used services. Companies want to have savings in technology infrastructure in order to increase the life cycle of the equipment, in addition to provide a higher quality service to customers.

The Way For Maintaning Customer Loyalty and Using of E-Commerce in Developing Company Such as Small and Medium Entreprises

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Agus Ridwan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The Way for Maintaining Customer Loyality and Using of E-Commece in Developing Company Such as Small And Medium Enterproses. This paper aims to analyze the way of maintaining customer loyalty of company in developing their business. One of the way is providing of customer loyalty program with the reward point given to their customer. Beside that, this study analyze also the usefulness of e-commerce in developing Small and Medium Enterprises. Definitely ,the use of e-commerce able to drive business of small and Medium Enterprises quickly and promptly. Involving e-commerce in developing small and medium enterprises (SMEsis very crucial and important. There are some potential benefits derived from the strategic use of e-commerce provide: i Enhanced customer services, ii Reduced transaction costs, iii Increased business efficiencies, iv Improved operational flexibility, v. Obtaining competitive advantages and vi. Improved product and service delivery. . This study use Descriptive Qualitative Analysis Method based on the observation of the current situation of e-commerce usefulness in developing company such as small and medium enterprises and the way of maintaining customer loyalty in business development This study shows that both low customer awareness about point-based reward programs and, not surprisingly, low redemption rates. More specifically, lack of awareness about the reward points programs and the redemption procedure was shown. The important conditions positively affecting redemption of reward points were found to include awareness of the reward point program, a positive attitude about the incentives, and average frequency of credit card usage. Also, redemption rates were higher for cards that had been issued more recently. This study find also that e-commerce has big part role in developing Small and Medium Enterprises. In this, e-commerce can develop promotion and selling volume of Small and Medium Enterprises by the smart electronic

Key factors of project success in family small and medium-sized companies: the theoretical review

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Sinisa Arsic

2017-10-01

Full Text Available The paper proposes a systematization of the key success factors of projects, through the theoretical review of family-owned companies operating in the EU market. It is the small and medium companies that in their own way contribute to the overall success of the national economy in terms of economic activity, increased employment, development activities and defining better business environment. The theoretical review observed numerous studies of family businesses, and the contribution of this work is in the systematization of the results of previous research – over three horizons, i.e., over the role of managers in the creation of successful projects (or owner if it is a family enterprise, institutional support for companies in Serbia and the EU, specific industries and the parent (regional markets where a family company operates. Project management, as a general representation of the concept of implementation of strategic and operational endeavors, contains many specifics in terms of critical success factors of projects depending on the environment in which they are implemented. The goal of the paper is reflected in the identification and presentation of critical success factors of projects implemented in family companies. The paper concludes with a discussion of the research results in relation to the existing, similar research studies, as well as with the announcement of future research, which will examine the conclusions drawn on a real sample.

[Evaluation of a grant program for improving health and safety in small and medium companies in Andalusia (Spain)].

Science.gov (United States)

Carrillo Castrillo, Jesús Antonio; Onieva Giménez, Luis; Ruiz Frutos, Carlos

2012-01-01

To evaluate a grant program for the development and support of occupational safety projects in small and medium companies (SMC) in Andalusia. The analysis includes data and results of the program between 2006 and 2008. We analyzed the program characteristics in terms of budget, proposals submitted and projects financed. The views of participating companies regarding the program were evaluated through a voluntary and anonymous postal survey. Occupational injury rates in 2006 and 2007 in a subgroup of companies that had obtained a grant in 2006 were calculated. Public investment in the program (> 17 million euros) covered 44% of the investment in occupational health projects proposed by participating companies. Nearly 50% of the projects presented received grant funding. The survey was completed by 573 companies (24% of the submitted questionnaires). Among grantee companies, 89% considered the investment to have been effective and 87% considered that working conditions in the company had improved. Most of the companies (>90%) considered that lack of economic resources is an obstacle for prevention activities and that these kinds of public subsidies are necessary. Occupational injury rates decreased between 2006 and 2007 (incidence rate 0.93; 95%confidence interval, 0.78-1.11). The grant program was viewed positively by participating companies and was accompanied by a reduction of occupational injury rates among grantee companies. These programs should incorporate evaluation criteria and indicators in their design. Copyright belongs to the Societat Catalana de Seguretat i Medicina del Treball.

IMPLEMENTING SMALL AND MEDIUM IT PROJECTS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENERPRISES

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Felix DUMITRESCU

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Information technology is essential nowadays for all companies. Small enterprises are an important part of the economy and this article aims at providing some useful insight in implementing modern IT projects to their benefit. Due to the limited funding available for the IT infrastructure in most start-ups and small businesses, the projects should be adapted to fulfill the needs of the company for the lowest cost. The paper will start by defining small and medium project management theory and outlining the target of the study, small and medium sized companies. Next it will show a number of case studies of IT projects implemented in different types of small companies in Romania. Based on these implementations the article will draw some conclusions relevant to most small companies which need to design or improve their IT infrastructure.

Key Supplier Relationship Management: The Case of Croatian Medium-Sized and Large Manufacturing Companies

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Dario Miočević

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The key supplier relationship management represents a vital organizational process. Companies should pay attention not only to managing customer relationships but also to managing relationships with suppliers in order to perform well. They should identify the extent to which a certain supplier adds value through the procurement process. In this line of reasoning, both theory and practice make a distinction between strategic (key and non-strategic (transactional suppliers. By employing the segmentation of the supply market, companies balance their supplier portfolio and are capable of identifying the key suppliers. They can also develop specific programs and initiatives that are aimed at preserving these relationships. In the empirical part of the paper, a survey was conducted on a sample of 123 medium-sized and large Croatian manufacturing companies. The structural model involving the relationship between the key supplier relationship management and value-oriented purchasing was tested. The results indicate that there is a statistically direct, positive and significant relationship between these two constructs. Likewise, the results stress that a theoretical conceptualization and operationalization of the key supplier relationship management construct is both valid and justified. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications and limitations of this study are offered.

Ecolabel and ecodesign. Aims impossible for small and medium companies?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Luciani, R.; Andriola, L.; Masoni, P.

2000-01-01

It is commonly held by now that a policy of sustainable development in the production sector cannot be faced in terms of simply reducing the environmental impact at the end of the production chain but should be imprinted with a preventive approach which, intervening on the production cycles and the products themselves, helps minimize pressure on the environment. To be competitive manufacturing industry must contribute a determinant amount to sustainable development by reducing the material content of products and increasing their use value, through processes and products-services that are innovative, safer, cleaner and based on a low use of natural resources. To be effective and avoid merely shifting the problem, this work should not be aimed at the level of individual plants or industries but be broadly planned, taking into account the entire value chain and hence the product's whole life-cycle. In addition, support should be given to small and medium-sized companies that characterize Italian production, because they find it hard to use the tools of a product policy originally ideated for big business [it

E-PROCUREMENT: IMPORTANCIA Y APLICACIÓN

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Isabel Fernández Quesada

2003-04-01

Full Text Available En el trabajo se aborda uno de los aspectos externos del e-business: el e-procurement. Se valora la importancia de la utilización de la red en general y en la función logística y de compras, en particular. Partiendo de las actividades tradicionales de compras, se explicitan las ventajas que supone respecto a ellas el e-procurement y la importancia estratégica de su aplicación. Asimismo, se profundiza en el propio concepto de e-procurement y en su arquitectura desde el punto de vista de su implantación empresarial.

Environmental management in small and medium-sized companies: an analysis from the perspective of the theory of planned behavior.

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez-Medina, Agustín J; Romero-Quintero, Leonardo; Sosa-Cabrera, Silvia

2014-01-01

In the business context, concern for the environment began to develop when pressure from the public administration and environmental awareness groups raised the specific requirements for companies. The Theory of Planned Behavior considers that people's conduct is determined by the intention of carrying out a certain behavior. Thus, the individual's intent is determined by three factors related to the desired outcome of the behavior: the Personal Attitude toward the Results, the Perceived Social Norms, and the Perceived Behavioral Control over the action. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to clarify the attitudes of the managers of Canarian small and medium-sized companies about taking environmental measures, and try to demonstrate whether there is a relationship between the proposed factors and the intention to take these measures.

Developing a Methodology Based on Action Learning to Facilitate the Adoption of ICT in Small and Medium-sized Companies in Costa Rica

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nunez, Heilyn Camacho

2010-01-01

The aim of the thesis is to understand and explore better strategies to support the Small and Medium-sized companies sector in Costa Rica in the ICT adoption process. A strategy has been proposed which focuses on learning process and the interaction of university, industry and government (Triple...

An empirical study on the critical success factors of small to medium sized projects in a South African mining company

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Du Randt, Francois Jean

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Projects that fail, for whatever reason, can impact negatively on society, organisations, and other stakeholders. A number of researchers have identified various critical success factors (CSFs that can influence the outcome and success of a project. This research therefore aims to determine the CSFs that influence various success measures of small- to medium-sized projects at a South African mining company, Exxaro Resources’ Grootegeluk Coal Mine. Other objectives of this research include determining the extent of the impacts of these CSFs on the different success measures of a project. The investigation suggests that there are correlations among CSFs, and that certain factors impact the outcome of projects far more than others. This research finds that the single most important CSF for small- to medium-sized projects is the selection of a competent project manager. The competent project manager is characterised by a group of interrelated CSF factors: good leadership, commitment, and learning from past experiences. Based on the research results, other CSFs are discussed and explored in order for recommendations to be made on how this mining company, and possibly other organisations, can achieve greater project success.

Influence of Intuition and Capability on Accelerated Product Development in Big-Medium Scaled Food Companies in Indonesia

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Pepey Riawati Kurnia

2013-06-01

Full Text Available To face the pressure of competition, more and more companies perform accelerated product development by shortening the product development time so that the product will arrive at the market at the shortest time. Food industry has also performed accelerated product development. Using evolution theory, contingency theory, market-based view, and resource-based view a research model has been built. Results of the research’s initial identification show that food industry in Indonesia is in growth level towards maturity level. Meanwhile, competition in the food industry is in moderate level towards hypercompetition level. Tactics of accelerated product development often carried out is by simplifying the product development steps to eliminating the product development steps. The innovation type used is incremental innovation since it is fast and easy. Results of the research give information that intuition and capabilities are the main motivating factors for big-medium scaled food companies in Indonesia to accelerate product development.

SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGIES: IMPLEMENTATION AND IMPACTS ON PORTUGUESE SMALL AND MEDIUM COMPANIES (SMES

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Luis Fonseca

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Six Sigma is a disciplined approach for dramatically reducing defects and producing measurable financial results (Anand, 2006; Linderman et al., 2003. It should not be a simple statistical tool, but rather a strategic management approach by supporting key projects aligned with the business goals and customer requirements. Although associated with considerable Return on Investments, there is not enough evidence of Six Sigma application within Portuguese companies. It is the aim of this exploratory research to study Six Sigma utilization by Portuguese Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs. The descriptive analysis and the statistical tests carried out, point to lack of knowledge with this Methodology (Higher at Top Management level and a sense of comfort with the existing management systems (mainly ISO 9001. The authors recommend increasing Six Sigma training and education and additional studies to gather further knowledge and contribute to more competitive and sustainable organizations.

Environmental Management in Small and Medium-Sized Companies: An Analysis from the Perspective of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez-Medina, Agustín J.; Romero-Quintero, Leonardo; Sosa-Cabrera, Silvia

2014-01-01

In the business context, concern for the environment began to develop when pressure from the public administration and environmental awareness groups raised the specific requirements for companies. The Theory of Planned Behavior considers that people's conduct is determined by the intention of carrying out a certain behavior. Thus, the individual's intent is determined by three factors related to the desired outcome of the behavior: the Personal Attitude toward the Results, the Perceived Social Norms, and the Perceived Behavioral Control over the action. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are to clarify the attitudes of the managers of Canarian small and medium-sized companies about taking environmental measures, and try to demonstrate whether there is a relationship between the proposed factors and the intention to take these measures. PMID:24533094

Benefits and challenges of using social media in marketing strategy:investigating small- and medium-sized companies in the Oulu region

OpenAIRE

Orajärvi, P. (Paavo)

2016-01-01

Abstract This thesis explains what social media marketing is as a phenomenon and what kind of roles it can fill in a company’s overall marketing strategies. The thesis also provides very practical information on how small/medium-sized companies can use social media channels in their daily marketing activities. This has been achieved through a literature review on the topic supported by an empirical multi-case study. The mot...

Privatised companies and market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salini, M. P.

2001-01-01

The Italian Government decided to adopt the public company structure where a little group of medium-term investors had the task of supporting the transition of the privatised companies to the market. The article examines the reasons for this decision and its failure in attaining the purpose, not excluding the possibility for the public company of imposing itself in the long period and in a context of a minor legislative intervention and more effective Corporate Governance rules [it

Evaluation of the perception and application of social responsibility practices in micro, small and medium companies in Barranquilla. An analysis from the theory of Stakeholders

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Guillén León

2017-07-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the degree of comprehension and enforcement of social responsibility (SR practices in micro, small and medium companies in Barranquilla (Colombia, based on the Stakeholders theory. Using an exploratory factor analysis on 779 companies it was found that the variables with a stronger explanatory influence for socially responsible performance are employees, environment, and community. By contrast, corporate management, value chain, and government/public sector condition the development of SR actions. Particularly, there is a weak perception and lack of will among owners and company managers to undertake comprehensive programs of social responsibility, as well as the formalization of those actions with an impact on the SR.

Prevalencia e importancia pronóstica de la anemia en pacientes pluripatológicos

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Ignacio Novo-Veleiro

2012-03-01

CONCLUSIONES: la importancia pronóstica de la anemia en pacientes pluripatológicos, resultado no comunicado previamente, refuerza la importancia de una valoración global y completa de estos pacientes.

importancia para la enseñanza

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Concepción González Rodríguez

2014-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se realiza una revisión histórica, de aquellos estudios/experiencias relacionados con los procesos de fotosíntesis y respiración que contribuyeron a la desestimación de la “teoría del humus” como modelo de nutrición vegetal. También se incluyen aquellos problemas que preocupaban a los investigadores en ese marco histórico. Se pondrá especial énfasis en la evolución de la formulación de “la fotosíntesis”, ya que en dicho conocimiento se localizó “la clave” que otorgó a los vegetales una importancia vital para la supervivencia de la vida en nuestro planeta. La evolución del conocimiento en ese campo, permitió pasar de un modelo de nutrición vegetal centrado únicamente en el nivel organismo, a la elaboración y aceptación del modelo actual que contempla la nutrición en tres niveles: organismo, celular y ecosistema. Finalmente se muestra la importancia que esta revisión histórica tiene para la enseñanza de este tema.

Techno-economic evaluation of commercial cogeneration plants for small and medium size companies in the Italian industrial and service sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Armanasco, Fabio; Colombo, Luigi Pietro Maria; Lucchini, Andrea; Rossetti, Andrea

2012-01-01

The liberalization of the electricity market and the concern for energy efficiency have resulted in a surge of interest in cogeneration and distributed power generation. In this regard, companies are encouraged to evaluate the opportunity to build their own cogeneration plant. In Italy, the majority of such companies belong to the industrial or service sector; it is small or medium in size and the electric power ranges between 1 ÷ 10 MW. Commercially available gas turbines are the less expensive option for cogeneration. Particular attention has been given to the possibility of combining an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with gas turbine, to improve the conversion efficiency. Companies have to account for both technical and economical aspects to assess viability of cogeneration. A techno-economic analysis was performed to identify, in the Italian energy market, which users can take advantage of a cogeneration plant aimed to cover at least part of their energy demand. Since electricity and thermal needs change considerably in the same sector, single product categories have been considered in the analysis. Our work shows that in the industrial sector, independent of the product category, cogeneration is a viable option form a techno-economic perspective. - Highlights: ► The best technologies for 1 ÷ 10 MW distributed generation plant are gas turbine and ORC. ► A variety of commercial cogeneration plants is available to meet user needs. ► Cogeneration is a technical and economical advantage for industrial sector companies.

Strategic IS Planning Practices: A Case of Medium Manufacturing Company in Malaysia

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Raja Mohd. Ali Raja Haslinda

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Deployment of Information Technology/Information Systems (IT/IS has been recognized as one of the potential means to supply information for timely business decision making. Despite growing importance of IT/IS in business, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs embrace constant challenges to deploy IS effectively, and thus, hardly to optimize the IT/IS strategic values. In such situation, IS planning is getting paramount to promote more effective IT/IS management of the firms. This study reports IS planning practices of a manufacturing-based SME. The face to face interview has been carried out to explore IS planning activities in a chosen firm. The qualitative analysis suggests that the selected company did undergo the four phases of strategic IS planning process namely, planning, analysing, selection, and implementation. The owner act as the champion of the strategic IS planning process. Further, the owner and the employees plays an important role as a decision maker. Specifically, the owner decides mainly on acquiring a new technology related to the firm’s core business process whereas the users responsible on the selection of relevant application (s to be used in their respective departments. Apart from that, the owner also plays a role as a researcher for the new technology acquired whilst the users provide an input on the applications to be acquired.

Product development practice in medium-sized food processing companies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harmsen, Hanne

Market orientation has in numerous empirical NPD-studies been identified as critical for success. However, this study reveals a severe gap between the normative implications regarding market orientation and current product development practice in number of Danish food-processing companies. Through...

Role of Relationship Marketing in Small and Medium-Sized Entreprises

OpenAIRE

Ružica Butigan; Ivana Mahnić

2011-01-01

Along with marketing, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are commonly associated in literature with relationship marketing which results in marketing networks. This paper examines the specific characteristics that differentiate large companies from small and medium-sized enterprises, and the reasons that prevent SMEs from engaging in traditional marketing within the scope of marketing mix. The paper also shows that the key characteristic which distinguishes small from large companies is a pr...

Organizational factors affecting safety implementation in food companies in Thailand.

Science.gov (United States)

Chinda, Thanwadee

2014-01-01

Thai food industry employs a massive number of skilled and unskilled workers. This may result in an industry with high incidences and accident rates. To improve safety and reduce the accident figures, this paper investigates factors influencing safety implementation in small, medium, and large food companies in Thailand. Five factors, i.e., management commitment, stakeholders' role, safety information and communication, supportive environment, and risk, are found important in helping to improve safety implementation. The statistical analyses also reveal that small, medium, and large food companies hold similar opinions on the risk factor, but bear different perceptions on the other 4 factors. It is also found that to improve safety implementation, the perceptions of safety goals, communication, feedback, safety resources, and supervision should be aligned in small, medium, and large companies.

Medium-term marginal costs in competitive generation power markets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reneses, J.; Centeno, E.; Barquin, J.

2004-01-01

The meaning and significance of medium-term marginal costs for a generation company in a competitive power market in analysed. A methodology to compute and decompose medium-term generation marginal costs in a competitive environment is proposed. The methodology is based on a market equilibrium model. The aim is to provide a useful tool for generation companies so that they can manage their resources in an optimal way, helping them with their operation, decision-making processes, asset valuations or contract assessments. (author)

AN INVESTIGATION INTO MEDIUM-SIZED MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES

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Daniele Schilirò

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The paper provides an investigation of medium-sized Italian industrial enterprises that have become multinational companies. It concetrates on the set of medium and medium-large enterprises who seem to grow more in foreign markets, either through exports or through foreign direct investment. The work also offers a descriptive empirical picture of the performance of medium-sized Italian multinationals, which is compared with the performance of large corporations. From this analysis, which is based on several data sources, it is possible to outline a profile regarding the medium-size italian multinational enterprises; the aim is to understand the complex strategy towards internationalization of these companies, where the dimension of production is important and, therefore, innovation has a key role. Also the commercial dimension is crucial, because it leads to point to the direct supervision of foreign markets and to look very carefully at the customers, offering them a wide range of services. Finally, the paper highlights some critical issues that the medium sized multinational enterprises have to face for competing: namely, the stagnant productivity, the high taxation, the insufficient institutional support for internationalization, the bureaucracy and its high costs, the lack of skilled human capital available in the labor market due to inadequate policy training.

Organizational Well-Being Factors. Determinants of entrepreneurship in small and medium companies of the defense sector

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Helena de Almeida

2013-09-01

Full Text Available All over the world, the small and medium enterprises are more and more organized in consortia, cooperation networks, joint-ventures and strategical alliances allowing not only the reduction of uncertainty and turbulence of the markets but also the gathering of advantages which may make them more competitive. It is worth considering that the results of these relationships are affected by determinant factors which may inhibit or facilitate the entrepreneurship. Our aim is to evaluate the relationship between some of those determinants, association, inter-company cooperation, innovation in the methods of work and creativity—about the entrepreneurship in 236 small and medium enterprises of the national defence. One of the questions initially posed is if there is a significant relation between corporation, innovative methods of work, creativity and entrepreneurship. Secondly, if being creative is an attribute of the entrepreneur, can it have a mediator effect between innovative methods of work and entrepreneurship? A factorial exploratory analysis was made in main components (varimax rotation and multiple linear regression. The results show the direct relationship of the evaluated determinants and entrepreneurship and the partial mediator effect of the creativity between the innovation in the methods of work and entrepreneurship. These enterprises may expect to develop new methods of work as a high differential component concerning the competition and the more efficient use of knowledge and of the skills of the people who make part of the work team in order to increase their competitiveness.

Marketing Strategy Implementation: A Study of Small and Medium Companies in Indonesia

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Asmai Ishak

2009-08-01

Full Text Available A good marketing strategy does not always necessarily lead to successful marketing performance in an organization. It depends on how marketing people translate the strategy into action. A well formulated, but badly implemented strategy, will be effective (do the right things, but not efficient (do things right. While correct implementation of a badly formulated strategy will be efficient, but not effective. Firms need both effectiveness and efficiency to optimize their performance. This study, based on existing literature, identified a list of activities concerning the marketing strategy implementation, and investigated their nature in the process of the strategy implementation among small and medium companies in Indonesia. A tested structured questionnaire was used as a guidance in interviewing marketing managers -the respondents of the study. A total of 76 completed questionnaires were collected. Factor analysis was used to extract, if any, key dimensions across the data. This analysis resulted into four fundamental factors underlying 16 activities in marketing strategy implementation, namely commitment, consensus, evaluation and control, autonomy, and two factors representing 8 marketing performance that are financial, and strategic performances. Subsequently simple regression was performed to examine the impact of the four factors on the marketing performance. The study findings suggest that evaluation and control has greatest impact either on financial performance or strategic performance, followed by autonomy. Even though commitment and consensus influence the marketing performance, but their influences are not statistically significant.

Penetration of small and medium sized food companies on foreign markets

OpenAIRE

Ladislav Mura; Veronika Gašparíková

2010-01-01

In the world the interconnection of national economies and internationalization of economic processes occur. In turbulent changing business environment only those companies that understand the current trends in global economy may survive, develop and prosper. Therefore, the issue of internationalization for most companies becomes to be more important and the process of in­ter­na­tio­na­li­za­tion is the way how to stand this increasingly competitive environment. In presented contribution, the...

La importancia de los organismos electorales

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Carlos Alberto Urruty Navatta

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Estudia la importancia de los organismos electorales en la consolidación de la democracia como sistema político. Puntualiza que toda elección debe estar precedida de un marco regulatorio de jerarquía constitucional o legal que establezca las reglas de juego del acto electoral. El establecimiento de ese marco regulatorio excede la potestad reglamentaria que debe otorgarse al organismo electoral que prepara el acto eleccionario y la competencia del órgano que debe juzgarla.

Commercial Internet Adoption in China: Comparing the Experience of Small, Medium and Large Businesses.

Science.gov (United States)

Riquelme, Hernan

2002-01-01

Describes a study of small, medium, and large enterprises in Shanghai, China that investigated which size companies benefit the most from the Internet. Highlights include leveling the ground for small and medium enterprises (SMEs); increased sales and cost savings for large companies; and competitive advantages. (LRW)

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE COMPANY: THE CASE OF COMPANIES FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

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Hasan Mahmutović

2017-04-01

Full Text Available The discourse of globalization and its effects have been the most current topic in the field of economics in recent times. However, empirical research on the impact of globalization on companies, especially in transition countries, is very scarce. This paper focuses on the study of the impact of globalization on the performance of companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina by analyzing their interrelationships. The findings, in the case of companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, have confirmed earlier findings about the double impact of globalization by showing, on the one hand, its positive effects and, on the other hand, the negative effects on the performance of the companies. Additionally, the research results have shown that negative effects are felt more strongly in the case of small and medium-sized companies than in the case of large companies.

Importancia de las emociones en el TDAH

OpenAIRE

Hernández Cascón, Cristina

2015-01-01

El TDAH es un trastorno de origen neurobiológico caracterizado por los síntomas de inatención, hiperactividad e impulsividad y que a su vez interfiere y dificulta en el manejo de las distintas emociones. A través de una larga revisión bibliográfica, se ha intentado proporcionar un conocimiento mayor sobre la importancia que tienen las emociones y adquirir una autoregulación de las mismas

Importance of the PyMES in the national development and in the project. Qualification and consultancy for the intelligent use of the energy in the micro, small and medium companies; Importancia de las Pymes en el desarrollo nacional y el proyecto. Capacitacion y consultoria para el uso inteligente de la energia en las micros, pequenas y medianas empresas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez Diaz, Luis [Presidente del Consejo Directivo Nacional ATPAE, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-07-01

This document presents the complete structure of the program Qualification and consultancy for the intelligent use of the energy in the micros, small and medium companies. This program offers opportunities to increase the competitiveness of your company. In order to carry it out the Secretaria de Economia with support of the Asociacion de Tecnicos y Profesionistas en Aplicacion Energetica,(ATPAE) destined resources originated from contributors' taxes for the granting of the PyME funds. [Spanish] Este documento presenta la estructura completa del programa Capacitacion y consultoria para el uso inteligente de la energia en las micros, pequenas y medianas empresas, el cual brinda oportunidades para aumentar la competitividad de tu empresa. Para llevarlo acabo la Secretaria de Economia con apoyo de la Asociacion de Tecnicos y Profesionistas en Aplicacion Energetica, (ATPAE) destino recursos provenientes de los impuestos de los contribuyentes para el otorgamiento de los apoyos del fondo Pyme.

Importance of the PyMES in the national development and in the project. Qualification and consultancy for the intelligent use of the energy in the micro, small and medium companies; Importancia de las Pymes en el desarrollo nacional y el proyecto. Capacitacion y consultoria para el uso inteligente de la energia en las micros, pequenas y medianas empresas

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sanchez Diaz, Luis [Presidente del Consejo Directivo Nacional ATPAE, Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

2005-07-01

This document presents the complete structure of the program Qualification and consultancy for the intelligent use of the energy in the micros, small and medium companies. This program offers opportunities to increase the competitiveness of your company. In order to carry it out the Secretaria de Economia with support of the Asociacion de Tecnicos y Profesionistas en Aplicacion Energetica,(ATPAE) destined resources originated from contributors' taxes for the granting of the PyME funds. [Spanish] Este documento presenta la estructura completa del programa Capacitacion y consultoria para el uso inteligente de la energia en las micros, pequenas y medianas empresas, el cual brinda oportunidades para aumentar la competitividad de tu empresa. Para llevarlo acabo la Secretaria de Economia con apoyo de la Asociacion de Tecnicos y Profesionistas en Aplicacion Energetica, (ATPAE) destino recursos provenientes de los impuestos de los contribuyentes para el otorgamiento de los apoyos del fondo Pyme.

U.S. Accounting Education: Misalignment with the Needs of Small and Medium Companies

Science.gov (United States)

Burke, Megan M.; Gandolfi, William R.

2014-01-01

This study looks to answer the question, "Does the current accounting educational system in the United States focus too heavily on the requirements of large (and SEC registered) companies at the expense of small companies and individuals who comprise the primary clientele of most practicing CPAs?" This investigation surveys CPAs…

Finding purchase activity patterns in small & medium enterprises

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vegter, Geert J.

2015-01-01

Finding purchase activity patterns in Small & Medium Enterprises in a research program to enable SMEs to improve their purchase and company performance. Posterpresentatie KCO conferentie, 16 november 2015.

La importancia de la protección de las playas

Science.gov (United States)

Las playas son una parte importante de la vida en Estados Unidos. Las playas ofrecen un sinnúmero de beneficios para el medio ambiente, actividades recreativas y la economía local. Aprenda la importancia de las playas y cómo protegerlas.

Training in the Mexican company: a study of job training

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alma Lilia Sapién Aguilar

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The processes of training and instruction in a medium-sized Mexican company are not being understood as an investment that contributes to business success.The aim of this study was to analyze these processes. The methodological approach was exploratory and descriptive with a non-experimental or ex post facto design. The Mexican Business Information System was consulted and 17 medium-sized companies in the industrial sector were randomly chosen. The results indicated that in the median Mexican company decisive actions must be taken in order to achieve that training and instruction are no longer seen as an unnecessary expense. They need to be understood as the best investment one can make in human resources. Therefore, training and instruction must become a part of the work culture of any organization.

La importancia de los clusters para la competitividad de las PYME en una economía global

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Josep Capó-Vicedo

2007-05-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se analiza la importancia de los clusters para las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYME, en su camino hacia economías cada vez más globalizadas y basadas en el conocimiento. Para ello se estudia la influencia que tiene la globalización sobre las economías locales, así como la importancia de la concentración geográfica de las empresas para aumentar su competitividad. Entre las conclusiones obtenidas destaca el hecho de que en estas concentraciones se pueden establecer verdaderas comunidades de conocimiento, en las que éste se genere e intercambie, al mismo tiempo que se potencia la innovación, con lo que se consigue aumentar su ventaja competitiva. Finalmente, se estudia brevemente el caso del Cluster Textil Valenciano (España, validando lo visto en la parte teórica del artículoIn this work the importance of clusters for the particular case of SMEs is analyzed, in its road toward knowledge-based and globalize economies. In short the influence that globalization has about the local economies is studied, as well as the importance of the geographical concentration of the companies in order to increase their competitiveness. Among the obtained conclusions it highlights the fact that in these concentrations true communities of knowledge can settle down, where new knowledge is generated and exchanged, at the same time that innovation is empowered, and their competitive advantage is increased. Finally, the particular case of the Valencia Textile Cluster (Spain is studied, in order to validate the theoretical part of the article

Involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs in elaborating and implementing public policies: Study case-Romanian small and medium-sized enterprises

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Popescu Ruxandra

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Involvement and development of the private sector in boosting the economy nationwide is a main objective of the current program of the government, which means that a good cooperation between small and medium companies, private companies and multinationals and public environment including both public institutions and policies implemented and developed by them, becomes more than necessary. The paper summarizes the findings of a quantitative research based on a self-applied questionnaire which was aimed at Romanian small and medium-sized enterprises and also of a qualitative research that gives an overview of the process of elaborating and implementing a public policy. The involvement of small and medium-sized enterprises in the process of designing and implementing a public policy can become indispensable but it is well know that there is, in fact, a lack of initiative at this level, from both parties. One of the main research questions of this paper is to find out how much do representatives of small and medium-sized enterprises get involved in the process of elaborating a public policy and how much do these actions and measures impact the organizational policies of the companies themselves. A good cooperation between the business environment and the public institutions and a strong correlation of their joint efforts, should become a common practice between both parties, being crucial that this form of cooperation to be initiated from the very beginning. The contribution of this paper is a practical one, given the fact that the paper itself entails the direct responses of small and medium-sized enterprises on the current and future public policies that directly targets them, providing as well an analysis on the effects of public policies on small and medium-sized enterprises. Thus being said, the paper can also be a guide for both small and medium-sized enterprises in providing examples and measures of involvement and favorable public policies

Regulatory scientific advice in drug development: does company size make a difference?

Science.gov (United States)

Putzeist, Michelle; Mantel-Teeuwisse, Aukje K; Gispen-De Wied, Christine C; Hoes, Arno W; Leufkens, Hubert G

2011-02-01

To assess whether the content of Scientific Advice (SA) questions addressed to a national drug regulatory agency is associated with company size. This may help to increase understanding about the knowledge, strategic, and regulatory gaps companies face during drug development. A cross-sectional analysis was performed of SA provided by the Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board (MEB) in 2006-2008. Definition of company size was based on ranking by total revenues (Scrip's Pharmaceutical Company League Tables 2008). The content of each SA question was scored according to predefined domains (quality, nonclinical, clinical, regulatory, and product information), their subdomains (e.g., efficacy), and a selection of additional content variables (e.g., endpoints, choice of active comparator). In total, 201 SA documents including 1,087 questions could be identified. Small, medium-sized, and large companies asked for SA 110 (54.7%), 40 (19.9%), and 51 (25.4%) times, respectively. Clinical questions were asked most often (65.9%), mainly including efficacy (33.2%) and safety questions (24.0%). The most frequent topics were overall efficacy and safety strategy. Small companies asked quality and nonclinical questions more often (P companies (P = 0.004). Small companies asked significantly more clinical questions about pharmacokinetics, including bioequivalence, than medium-sized and large companies (P Company size is associated with the content of SA questions. MEB advice accommodates both innovative and noninnovative drug development.

Medium range production planning of "Tacer" company: a case study

OpenAIRE

Süer, Burak

1994-01-01

Ankara : Department of Management and the Graduate School of Business Administration of Bilkent University, 1994. Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 1994 Includes bibliographical references. In order to foresee the potential problems related with production, a production plan is undertaken for the year 1994. Product classification is determined according to the annual sales volume of the company "Tacer". A production schedule is prepared in relation with the forecast d...

Film and television production in the Netherlands - a comparison between three medium-sized companies.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sanders, Willemien; Puijk, Roel

2014-01-01

This paper discusses the different ways in which production companies established in similar ways can develop over time. It takes three Dutch private film- and television companies as cases. The research forms part of the Dutch component of a European partnership project, Success in the Film and

The main factor affecting the competitiveness of Contractor Company

Science.gov (United States)

Nurisra; Malahayati, Nurul; Mahmuddin

2018-05-01

Contractor companies must have the competitive advantage to compete in maintaining the survival of the company. Problems arise because quite a lot of advantages can be used and these advantages must be used appropriately to produce competitiveness for the company to continue to compete and to win the competition. This study aims to determine the main factors affecting the competitiveness of medium-class contractors in Banda Aceh. Data collection was obtained through questionnaires distributed to 31 middle-class contractors in Banda Aceh. Data processing and analysis is done by using descriptive analysis. Based on the result of descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that the most important competitiveness factor with a mean score value 4.52 is the relationship, and the factor that has the highest mean score value is the relationship with the government of 4.97, while the result of the ranking analysis is obtained 25 factor that is critical to the competitiveness of medium-class contractors in Banda Aceh.

Company X launch to the Chinese market

OpenAIRE

Gilles, Mylene

2012-01-01

The purpose of this thesis was to conduct a brand study for Company X, which pro-duces small and medium childcare products. The final objective was to have a better knowledge of the Chinese market to adapt as well as possible the Company X brand strategy comparing with competitors are doing in terms of brand strategy and entry mode solution. The introduction shows the purpose and the objectives of the thesis and the concep-tual framework including all the theoretical concepts developed. Th...

The Aggressive Competitiveness Influence on the Retailer Company Performance

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonio Benedito Oliveira Junior

2015-08-01

Full Text Available The aggressive competitiveness refers to the company tendency to challenge direct and intensively its competitors when entering into a market or to enhance its position outperforming its rivals. An approach about aggressive competitiveness shares the traditional view of "strength-weakness-opportunity-threat", another view consistent with the hyper-competitiveness model, and the third view follows the dynamic competitiveness line. However, researches have not yet focused either on the motivations or on the strategic guidelines before the attack or on the direct relationship between Aggressive Competitiveness (AC and Retailer Company Performance (CP through a qualitative and quantitative study. Within this context, the objective of this research was to analyze: i the impact of the AC in the retail CP; and ii the effect of company size factor (medium/large versus micro/small in this relationship. It was carried out a mixed survey in two stages. In the first it was used a qualitative approach, through multiple case study with eight companies. Then, in the second phase it was held a survey with 64 companies. The results indicate a positive and significant impact of the AC on the CP, but this impact is not different between medium and large sized enterprises versus micro/small sized companies. This research contributes theoretical and empirically to the literature about AC of retail companies, generating subsidies for managers to adopt a more aggressive attitude in the competitive dynamics of the retail market. The practical cases studied here corroborate the influence of AC on the CP. Specifically it demonstrates the AC importance for the survival and growth of the company in increasingly dynamic, turbulent and competitive markets.

INNOVATIVE CULTURE IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

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Aluisio Broering Mambrini

2011-10-01

Full Text Available In the last two decades, innovation has been a key driver of economic growth. Innovation is closely related to creating value and generating wealth through successful service to consumer needs. Thus, it is not necessarily restricted to the use of new knowledge generated from research, but on the development of new products or services that are obtained with creative use of knowledge, new or already known. This study aimed to identify management practices that promote a culture of innovation in small and medium enterprises and analyze how they contribute to the innovative capacity of these companies. The research method was the multiple case study with six small and medium businesses that have at least one case of significant innovation in its history. The main results showed that amongst the practices are: a performance in highly specialized niches and deep focus on customer needs; b strong investment and incorporation of new knowledge outside the company (open innovation; c speed and agility in the absorption and deployment of new knowledge and technologies; d retention of employees; e acting as an integrator combining diverse knowledge and technologies; f the information management of the knowledge acquired by the company; g little concern to patent the technology; h flexibility and informal, fluid and open communication between employees of the company that promotes agility in management and i the management of partnerships across the value chain, including the functional areas.

Design, Implementation, and Improvement of a Methodology for Strategic Planning for Small and Medium Companies, Based on the Imaginary Construction of Concurrent Competitors

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Nelson Santos Machado

2012-06-01

Full Text Available This article shows the results of five (5 research studies carried out in the western extreme of Santa Catarina, financed with the resources of the Fund to Support Research at the Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina – Unoesc or by participating companies. Such research had as its central objective the construction, application, and improvement of a strategic planning methodology adjusted to small and medium enterprises, for which conventional methods have proved to have complex, expensive, and questionable results. Having as reference Fahey (2003, we inserted the construction of an imaginary competitor-like tool of analysis of external and internal environments, as well as the establishment of strategies and actions for the company itself, in a time horizon, which acquires features of a fictitious competitor. The methodological procedures are qualitative, the design is the case study, with the adoption of action research in collecting and interpreting data, and research subjects were employees. The surveys were conducted between 2004 and 2010 in firms of service, commercial, and industrial sectors. As result, this methodology demonstrated applicability and feasibility, being able to be adopted by other companies of similar size and characteristics of those tested empirically. The main advantages are the creative process that involves the construction of an imaginary competitor, the participatory nature and of the use of action research, as well as the attachment that focuses on quality choices based on the experiences of the participants, rather than in statistical series, although they are used.

Social Media Impact on Marketing and Operations of Small and Medium Companies: A Delphi study

OpenAIRE

Skoumpopoulou, D; Vlachos, I; San José, J

2014-01-01

This research project investigates the impact of social media, in particular the uses of the social media in Spain, the impact of the engagement concept for the companies, the influence of the word of mouth for the businesses and the effectiveness of social media marketing in Spanish companies. Qualitative data has been gathered from five Spanish companies that use social media providing rich and detailed information. The most common use of social media in Spain is branding and promotions but...

Strategic management in micro, small and medium-sized businesses in relation to financial success of the enterprise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monika Švárová

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Small and medium sized enterprises play an essential role in the economy of the Czech Republic as a report of development of small and medium-sized enterprises and its support from 2010 announces. They are the source of development of towns, regions and the state itself. Small and medium-sized enterprises represent 99.84 % of the whole business subjects. Statistic data underline this position- they indicate that small and medium-sized enterprises employ 2/3 employees. Therefore, occupying small and medium-sized enterprises are to be taken as priority.Strategic management on the level of small and medium-sized enterprises is, as number of authors write, diverse. Small enterprises including micro have less access to capital, they have no money for employing specialists in the field, and they solve administration primarily. The aim of this follow-up GAJU project contribution concerned on process analysis of small and medium-sized enterprises is to summarize the gained results from the view of comparison of the level of strategic management in small and medium-sized enterprises.Nowadays, numbers of enterprises are thinking about whether they are able to remain in the market as an established company, they explore the possibility of improving its position. There is a question for small and medium-sized enterprises management- can strategic management be used as an instrument for increasing competitiveness? The results show that SMEs with a clearly defined strategy show better results of financial health (IN99 and ROA than companies without a defined strategy. In terms of business focus, we were able to demonstrate positive relationship between strategy and finance only for companies in the construction industry, on the significance level of 0.05. Compared to manufacturers and service-providing companies where this relation is not statistically significant.

Internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises

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Zoran Paunović

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Highly developed countries, which are similar to Croatia by size and population, highlight the importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs as holders of export activities and key factors in raising the competitiveness of the entire economy. In this paper authors research the concept of internationalization of SMEs. Analyzing the influence of decision makers on the process of internationalization and showing its advantages and disadvantages for the respective company and country, this research introduces the most common models on the basis of which this process is implemented in practice. A case study of a small export company from Croatia illustrates the process of internationalization to the U.S. market and provides useful information to the companies which are planning to enter new markets.

A Planning Guide for Small and Medium Size Wood Products Companies

Science.gov (United States)

Jeff Howe; Stephen Bratkovich

2005-01-01

At the beginning of the 21st century, North American wood products companies are facing competitive pressure from numerous sources. Traditional products are being manufactured in new regions (e.g., China and the developing nations), and substitute products are being developed by competing industries (e.g., plastics and composites). The bottom line is strained by...

Analysis of companies' environmental strategies for a green society

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarmento, Manuela; Durao, Diamantino; Duarte, Manuela

2006-01-01

The present research is based on a survey sent to large, medium and small size companies, located in Portugal and within what are considered the most pollutant industrial sectors. The analyses of the results, processed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 11.0, show that generally companies are concerned with the implementation of clean processes, green products and eco-equipment to have a cleaner environment, i.e. a more sustainable society. Statistically, the results show that the 98 potential polluting companies are moderately contributing for a green society (x m =3.1) regarding the ten environmental strategies under research. It can also be concluded that, globally, environmental strategies are directly linked to the companies' size. (author)

Local timber firm looking forward to develop on medium term

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BUCS Lorant

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This article intends to outline the challenges faced by a local timber company in struggle to resist on medium-term on the market. There will be revealed the challenges the company is facing, and also the ways to adapt to the changing world of timber industry. There will be presented a short history of the founding and the evolution of the company on the local and international market, pointing out the relevant events which have marked the life of the company during the years. There will also be presented a short review of the competition on the market and the marketing strategy and policies which the company is using to be able to face the new challenges.

The anti-CO2 tax upsets the automotive fleets management. Car makers must adapt themselves. Deluxe cars spared. Small and medium size companies tempted by the long duration rental. At Biogen, medical visitors chose their vehicle

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Larmor, P.

2006-01-01

Since the beginning of the year 2006, the pollution level is now taken into consideration in the calculation of the society vehicles tax. This measure completely upsets the management and allocation rules of provided cars. Therefore, the government foresees to relax its position. Car makers will have to propose new versions of their models with pollution levels in agreement with the tax categories imposed by the new regulation. Small and medium size companies are now tempted by long duration car rental contracts. Therefore, car rental companies foresee interesting opportunities with this fiscality stiffening. This press-kit analyzes the situation from the different points of view: fleet managers, car makers, users, company managers, car hirers. (J.S.)

The Digital Medium Meets the Advertising Message.

Science.gov (United States)

Nisenholtz, Martin

1994-01-01

Discusses the likelihood that companies will use online services as an advertising medium. Topics addressed include the art of interactive marketing; advertising in the digital age; early experiments with interactive marketing, including the use of videotex and videodisc; and recent trends that set the stage for interactive marketing to personal…

EL POTENCIAL DE LAS PREGUNTAS Y SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE LOS NIÑOS

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Katherin Torres Torres

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Las preguntas están presentes a lo largo de nuestra vida, pues son la manera por la cual intentamos buscar respuestas o dar explicaciones a todo fenómeno que nos rodea, y desde este punto de vista que las preguntas cobran gran importancia en el desarrollo del aprendizaje de los niños, basándose en el enfoque de Investigación Dirigida, se desarrollo una unidad didáctica la cual se enfoco en potenciar los cuestionamientos por parte de los niños sobre el temas como el medio ambiente, el reciclaje y los problemas presentes en su entrono. Este escrito muestra cual es la importancia de potenciar los cuestionamientos y qué importancia tiene estos en el aprendizaje de los niños. Los resultados luego del desarrollo de la unidad didáctica evidencian que potenciar cuestionamientos en los niños, generan una respuesta positiva por parte de los niños, contribuyeron en la comprensión de la contaminación y el reciclaje.

HRM implications for network collaboration of small and medium sized companies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kesting, Peter; Müller, Sabine; Jørgensen, Frances

Collaboration in innovation networks is particularly important for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to remain competitive in a rapidly changing environment. Collaboration may however be particularly challenging for SMEs, due to their size and their inherent shortage of resources. In this paper...

[Workplace Health Promotion in Small, Medium-Sized and Large Enterprises of the Health-Care Sector - Frequency, Reasons for the Company Management to Take Action and Barriers to Implementation].

Science.gov (United States)

Schaefer, E; Drexler, H; Kiesel, J

2016-03-01

The aim of this study was to gain insight into worksite health promotion in small and medium-sized companies compared to large concerns in Middle Franconia. Action in worksite health promotion, obstacles and demand for networks for workplace health promotion were determined. A standardised telephone interview served for collecting data for this cross-sectional study. The interviewee was always the manager or their proxy. 106 companies were contacted. The results of this study were analysed via qualitative and quantitative methods in SPSS(®) 20. It was possible to reach and interview 80 companies, a return rate of 75.5%. More than half the companies (68.8%) implemented at least one activity for worksite health promotion, especially ergonomic measures and measures to promote physical activity. Taking the size of the company into consideration when analysing the results, previous study results are confirmed. With an increasing size of the company, the relative frequency of measures for workplace health promotion rises. The motivation for worksite health promotion ranges from keeping the employees healthy (38.2%) to worksite health promotion as part of the business culture (9.1%). 81.1% of the companies consider their activity in worksite health promotion to be successful. Furthermore, 80.0% of the firms that implemented worksite health promotion were supported by a partner like a health insurance (43.2%). Those companies that did not implement any activities for worksite health promotion, state as a prime reason that they did not think about it as yet (44.0%). Besides, 44.0% of the companies without any worksite health promotion would like to implement measures. 65.5% of the companies that already took action in worksite health promotion and 56.0% of the companies that did not would like to cooperate with other firms in a network for workplace health promotion. Mutual exchange is the most important factor for them. The results of this study show that almost half of

DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY EXPENDITURES OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES FROM BIHOR COUNTY

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Saveanu Tomina Gabriela

2015-07-01

Full Text Available This paper investigates the social responsibility expenditures of small and medium enterprises (SME in Bihor County. In line with the literature we consider donations and sponsorship the expression of philanthropic behavior of companies. Positioned at the top of the CSR pyramid such actions are some of the few on which there is consensus in considering forms of CSR. Explaining the factors that drive such expenditures at the level of small and medium enterprises fills in a gap in the scientific knowledge both at international and national level. Particularly in Romania, the CSR processes are less studied and seem developed mimetically by large companies from the example of multinational companies. However the data provided in this paper reveals that a significant number of small and medium enterprises are engaged in CSR actions, as almost 20% of SME with registered profit donate money. The factors explaining this orientation are in line with the literature as the size of the enterprise influences both the decision to donate and the amounts donated. The larger a company in terms of profit, turnover and number of employees the bigger the chances it donates money and the amounts donated are larger. The data was extracted from the National Agency of Fiscal Administration regarding expenditures of small and medium enterprises in 2013. Future studies should include information regarding the destination of these expenditures. More, in order to fully explain CSR at SMEs level qualitative data is needed regarding the motivations of managers for such actions and the reasons behind the choice for a specific area or action.

Importancia y cultivo de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.)

OpenAIRE

Fischer,Gerhard; Almanza-Merchán,Pedro José; Miranda,Diego

2014-01-01

Physalis perurvianus L, foi adaptada no Peru e Chile e dai levada para outros países da América Latina, incluindo Brasil além da India, África do Sul e outros. Neste trabalho säo discutidas informações sobre seu cultivo em vários países, importancia econômica, aspectos botânicos, propagação, doenças e pragas e pós-colheita.

Importancia y cultivo de la uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerhard Fischer

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Physalis perurvianus L, foi adaptada no Peru e Chile e dai levada para outros países da América Latina, incluindo Brasil além da India, África do Sul e outros. Neste trabalho säo discutidas informações sobre seu cultivo em vários países, importancia econômica, aspectos botânicos, propagação, doenças e pragas e pós-colheita.

How Well are Water Companies Engaged in CSR?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lauesen, Linne Marie

2014-01-01

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how well water companies in four different nationalities and political cultures are engaged in the CSR discourse. This question is relevant after more than 20 years of privatization of the public administration's bureaucracy and its adoption...... of management styles, behaviours and thinking from the private business sphere. This paper seeks to critically examine how water companies take part in the CSR discourse, by which institutional mechanisms this managerial “thinking” in terms of institutional “logics” has come about, and which adopted “meanings......” lie behind. Design/methodology/approach – The paper shows a qualitatively, ethnographic investigation and discourse analysis of privatized water companies from four different political and market economy nations; small- and medium-sized water companies from the social-democratic state of Denmark...

Importancia del articulador semiajustable en la rehabilitación

OpenAIRE

María Elena Gutiérrez Hernández; Ileana Grau León; Gema Lauzardo García del Prado

2003-01-01

Se realiza un estudio sobre la importancia del articulador semiajustable en la rehabilitación protésica. Se define la oclusión dentaria como la relación que se establece entre las arcadas dentarias cuando estas toman contacto entre sí permaneciendo el arco inferior inmóvil con respecto al superior. Debido a que es fundamental en la rehabilitación protésica tratar de respetar la integridad funcional del paciente, nos proponemos como objetivo reestablecer los contactos en los deslizamientos dur...

THE RELATIONSHIP MARKETING APPLICATION IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

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SABOU FELICIA

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The paper presents the importance of relationship marketing, the communication between customers and romanian small and medium-sized enterprises, analyzing also how are investigated and resolved the complaints received from the customers. In the paper, I made a study through I analyzed if the small and medium-sized enterprises undertake investigations about the reasons which they have lost customers. The study was conducted during january - february 2016, the main research methods used in the study were observation, documentation, analysis and market survey. Also, I chose the study questionnaire as research tool. From this study resulted that 79,31% of companies surveyed, were concerned and investigated the reasons they lost customers. Customer satisfaction is very important to business success, so it is recommended that companies must pay attention to the customers reactions and customers dissatisfaction consequences.

Use of sales and operations planning in small and medium-sized enterprises

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Michał Adamczak

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Background: Increasing competitiveness in the market, customer expectations related to the shortening of the deadlines and the reduction of prices of products and services force companies to improve the efficiency of internal processes. The integration of planning process is one of possible ways to achieve this aim. The integration of planning processes by the use of SOP model (Sales and Operations Planning is a method to implement this idea. The study allowed to identify ways to implement the process of sales and operations planning in small and medium-sized enterprises. Material and methods: The study was conducted in companies from different industries. The research method was in-depth interviews conducted with managers of companies or persons occupying management positions in the organizational process of implementing sales and operations planning. Results: During the survey, 10 companies were asked about the use of sales and operations planning, its elements and organizational aspects of its development, by the company. Conclusions: The use of sales and operations plan is closely dependent on the size of the company and its localization in the supply chain. Small enterprises are not interested in the integration of the planning process due to the small scale of operations and the centralization of decision-making process. Medium-sized enterprises, due to the increased complexity of the processes of planning, see the benefits of their integration in the SOP model.

ATMEA and medium power reactors. The ATMEA joint venture and the ATMEA1 medium power reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathet, Eric; Castello, Gerard

2012-01-01

This Power Point presentation presents the ATMEA company (a joint venture of Areva and Mitsubishi), the main features of its medium power reactor (ATMEA1) and its building arrangement, indicates the general safety objectives. It outlines the features of its robust design which aim at protecting, cooling down and containing. It indicates the regulatory and safety frameworks, comments the review of the safety options by the ASN and the results of this assessment

Importancia de la relación familia-escuela. El modelo de participación como modelo deseable

OpenAIRE

Corino Presmanes, Macarena

2015-01-01

RESUMEN: En este trabajo el objetivo general que se persigue es abordar la relación que tienen las familias con el profesorado y el resto de la comunidad educativa en el contexto escolar, y en concreto, en la etapa de Educación Infantil. Se comienza desarrollando un marco teórico en el que se muestra la importancia que tiene la familia en la vida del niño, los cambios sociales que han influido en ambos contextos, así como la importancia que tiene establecer relaciones entre ...

Importancia y desafíos de la conservación de Vanilla spp. (orquidaceae) en Costa Rica

OpenAIRE

Azofeifa-Bolaños, José Bernal; Paniagua-Vásquez, Amelia; García-García, José Antonio

2014-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la importancia y los principales retos del uso, manejo y conservación del género Vanilla en Costa Rica. Los temas tratados fueron: taxonomía en el país y a nivel mundial, datos sobre recolección y nuevas estimaciones de parientes silvestres, la importancia económica, ecológica y social, el acervo genético de las especies costarricenses, la situación del cultivo a nivel mundial (área cosechada, producción, rendimiento, principales países productores), ...

PROFITABILITY EVALUATION METHODS – A STRATEGY FOR ROMANIAN COMPANIES TO AVOID INSOLVENCY.

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SABĂU CĂTĂLIN

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Addressing economic strategies for determining the stability and financial position of the companies has become a very topical issue in recent years due to the financial crisis manifested worlwide in 2008 and which led to the start of insolvency proceedings for a considerable number of Romanian companies , which often resulted in bankruptcy for the firms concerned. Beside the international macroeconomic context, another issue that we consider essential and which led to the bankruptcy of Romanian companies is the lack of emphasis on financial analysis and diagnostic methods in determining a company's profitability and financial prospects of development in the short, medium and long term. Precisely for this reason a large number of Romanian companies fall prey to unsustainable financial commitments, often have low liquidity and the rate of equity return (ROE is below the industry average thus denoting a lack of real competitive capabilities. This article seeks to highlight the positive contribution that can be implemented in the awareness of management regarding stability and the financial position of the company wchich is evaluated in order for the managers to make the necessary arrangements in time for the recovery, efficiency and sustainable implementation of a medium and long term business plan by analyzing the concepts of capitalization and upgrading but also but also by analyzing the evaluation method based on determining the beneficiary capacity; cash flow and discounted cash flow method.

LA IMPORTANCIA Y EL NIVEL DE DESARROLLO DE LAS COMPETENCIAS EN PSICOLOGÍA

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Pilar Alonso-Martín

2010-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar qué importancia y nivel de desarrollo otorgan a las competencias genéricas, además de observar en qué espacios didácticos reportan haberlas ido adquiriendo y/o desarrollando, así como conocer la organización y planificación de su tiempo de trabajo autónomo. La muestra está compuesta por 83 estudiantes de 3º, 4º y 5º de psicología. Los resultados muestran que el nivel de importancia de las competencias está por encima del nivel de desarrollo alcanzado; los espacios didácticos predominantes son las clases teóricas y las prácticas. El mayor porcentaje de tiempo está dedicado a trabajar en grupo y preparar exámenes. Se han encontrado diferencias significativas en función del sexo, turno y curso. Se plantean sugerencias de mejora para aumentar la calidad docente.

Development of ESCO as a tool for realising energy efficiency in small and medium sized industry; ESCO = Energy Service Company; Udvikling af ESCO som vaerktoej til realisering af energieffektivisering i smaa og mellemstore erhvervsvirksomheder

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Jensen, Ove Folmer (DS Haandvaerk og Industri, Odense (Denmark))

2011-07-01

The project carried out an advisory process in 10 different SME (small and medium-sized enterprises). The process was based on energy management and employee involvement in energy conservation activities, which has led to a wide variety of projects in companies that have focused on the initiation and solution of diverse energy-saving activities. Results of the project consist of a series of case studies that describe the processes that have been implemented in the company. The selected cases demonstrate the diversity of businesses, their energy saving potential and need for funding. It also describes and assesses the various financing possibilities, a model for qualitative advising in SMEs and a module for the training of the people involved - including installers, craftsmen and advisor. (LN)

Aspectos conceptuales y empíricos de la financiación de nuevas empresas en Colombia Conceptual and empirical aspects of the financing of new companies in Colombia

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Bernardo Barona Zuluaga

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación empírica sobre la utilización de diferentes fuentes de financiación por parte de empresas nuevas en los primeros anos de vida. El principal soporte conceptual del estudio es el paradigma del ciclo de crecimiento financiero desarrollado por Berger y Udell (1998, el cual explica satisfactoriamente los hallazgos encontrados en el componente empírico del estudio aquí presentado, que se basa en una encuesta realizada a 130 empresarios de la Ciudad de Cali (Colombia. Los entrevistados reportaron de manera mayoritaria el uso de recursos propios y de familiares y amigos y la retención de utilidades en los primeros anos de vida de una empresa. Le sigue en importancia a estas fuentes, la financiación provista por establecimientos de crédito; llama la atención la importancia relativa del leasing. Las recomendaciones mas importantes incluyen: fortalecer las fuentes de capital semilla, darle mayor peso en los cursos de finanzas de nivel universitario al estudio de los problemas de las empresas nuevas y MIPYMES, adelantar una reforma financiera que facilite la emisión de acciones y mejorar la cantidad y calidad de información pública disponible sobre la financiación de las empresas objeto de este estudio.This article presents the results of an empirical research on the type of financial resources used by a sample of new enterprises in their early years of life. The main conceptual support of the study is the financial growth cycle paradigm developed by Berger and Udell (1998. This paradigm successfully explains the findings in the empirical component of the study presented here, which is based on a survey of 130 entrepreneurs in the city of Cali, Colombia. The survey results highlighted the importance of the use of financial resources provided by the owner and theirs family and friends, and of the retention of profits in their companies in the early years. Next in importance is the

Sources of Value Creation in Born Global Companies

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Augustyniak Dobrochna

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Research about the phenomenon of rapid internationalization of small and medium size companies has evolved over the last two decades. Nevertheless, questions about business models or value creation in born global enterprises are rarely addressed in the literature. The objective of this article is to develop a theoretical framework for analyzing the sources of value creation in the business models of international new ventures (INV global companies, starting with adapting the model by Amit and Zott [2001, 2010] to early internationalizing venture. Current literature on international entrepreneurship, business models and value creation is also used as a basis for suggesting future empirical research recommendations.

La importancia del bicameralismo como garantía constitucional legislativa

OpenAIRE

Luque Bautista, Richard Jhony

2014-01-01

La investigación "IMPORTANCIA DEL BICAMERALISMO COMO GARANTÍA CONSTITUCIONAL LEGISLATIVA", busca conocer las causas y consecuencias del establecimiento en el Perú del sistema unicameral del poder legislativo y cuál es el balance de su incidencia en la vida peruana. Para tal fin, describimos el proceso histórico seguido por el Estado y la Sociedad peruana, en cuanto concierne a dicho poder del Estado. Ante la actual y creciente deslegitimación de esta modalidad legislativa, que incluso alienta...

Investigating the relationship between auditor’s opinion and stock return in the companies listed at Tehran stock exchange market

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Ali Akbar Farzinfar

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This research investigates the relationship between auditor’s opinion and stock return in the companies listed at Tehran stock exchange market. In this study, all required data are collected from aware shareholders and provide a sampling of 130 questionnaires, the data collected over the period 2010-2011 using test methods such as computer software, data analysis and statistical methods to answer research questions. According to research result through questionnaires and tests, there is a significant relationship between stock returns and the auditor's opinion, in fact, for aware shareholders of the company the auditor’s opinion has a special message. This message is based on the results of study hypothesis in comparison with previous research with regard to changes in the questionnaire and provides assumptions that are more detailed. The first finding is that unqualified audit report has a positive impact on stock returns of companies with a medium to low degree. Adverse audit report has a negative impact on stock returns of companies with medium to high degree. Disclaimer of audit report has a negative impact on stock returns of companies with medium to high degree. Finally, qualifying paragraphs, which modified the items of income statement items have more impact in comparison with qualifying paragraphs which modified the Balance Sheet items.

Operational Risk Assessment and Management in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

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Viktorija Stasytytė

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Modern organizations have raised a need to actively and quickly react to the changes in external business environment, as well as in internal processes considering not only the present situation, but also evaluating possible changes and forecasting the future. Enterprise risk assessment and management, which is strongly related with foreseeing the uncertain future, becomes topical not only scientifically, but also practically seeking to reveal new and unique solutions. Operational risk management in small and medium enterprises, creating the largest part of value added in the whole European Union, demands a separate attention and coordinated decisions and means. The objective of the paper – to analyse the process of enterprise risk management in small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as to propose adequate risk management solutions for these companies. After performing a research, it was found out that small and medium enterprises more than big organizations require a risk management strategy and methodology, need to distinguish activity objectives and events influencing them, and they can efficiently apply a risk portfolio method to manage risk. In small and medium enterprises it is recommended to incorporate a risk management system based on COSO ERM model that can be modified depending on company needs and possibilities, turning it into less formal and structured and easily applicable.

Financial planning and access to financing in small and mediumsized companies in the Venezuelan manufacturing sector

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Mary A. Vera-Colina

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The relationship between the presence of financial planning and difficulties regarding access to financing in small and medium-sized companies (SMEs in the Venezuelan manufacturing sector is studied. This is an explicative type research work, designed as non-experimental, crosssectional and correlational field work, applied to a sample of 67 SMEs. A questionnaire was applied and a review was made of the relevant literature, to establish the characteristics of the selected variables, according to the high-medium-low measurement for each of the selected indicators. The preliminary results make it possible to affirm that the financial planning variable demonstrates a medium presence in the companies, with medium and low levels of coordination among their components. Average access to financing is classified as low, marked by a medium-high access to credit from suppliers, medium access in reinvestment of profits and medium-low access to bank credit lines. There is also evidence of financing patterns compatible with the Pecking Order Theory. The conclusion is that there is a weak relationship between the characteristics of financial planning and the levels of access to financing, with the inference that the behavior of these variables is determined by a multiplicity of factors.

Corporate Social Responsibility in Food Manufacturing Companies – Environmental Dimensions

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Ľudmila Nagyová

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The degree of a company’s acceptance and integration of the CSR concept is directly reflected in the fundamental principles of the company. Through the environmental sustainability, a company can make a positive contribution to the society and the natural environment. Competitive and cost pressures are the key drivers of sustainable development in the industry. Today, many international food and drink companies are delivering excellent achievements. The present paper tries to highlight how much are food manufacturing companies committed to caring for the environment as a main component of their CSR strategy. In order to fulfil the defined objectives of the paper, the primary and secondary sources of information were collected and used, as well as there was used the method of interview, using a questionnaire (total number of respondents was 100 food manufacturing companies. In our research the highest percentage of large, SMC and micro companies indicated the reduction of negative operational impacts as the most important commitment of companies in relation to environment. Most large companies invest to installing pollution reducing technology to improve environmental quality (67% and utilizing more environmentally friendly raw materials (51%. These areas indicated the highest percentage as well as for SMC. In the case of large companies there are more visible movements in environmental practices than in micro and small-medium companies.

Financing Of Small And Medium-Size Enterprises In Cameroon ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Financing Of Small And Medium-Size Enterprises In Cameroon. ... Available data from the banking sector shows that as much as 78.7% of all ... SMEs and large companies pay back their loans better than the other ... Even the SME loan repayment rate of 62.9% is still low by World Bank ... AJOL African Journals Online.

The Role of Innovation in Internationalization of Brazilian Medium Firms that operate in Information Technology and Communication

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Fernanda Ferreira Ribeiro

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The study aimed to examine the role of innovation in the internationalization of Brazilian companies that operate in the medium sector of Information and Communication Technology (ICT. To achieve this goal, we performed a descriptive qualitative research method used and how the study of multiple cases, which were researched in depth and Light Infocon and Dígitro. The main results of the survey revealed companies with different trajectories of internationalization, but whose innovation activities are central to the entry and operations in foreign markets. The results also showed the importance of innovative cooperative activities through alliances with universities, research institutes and other companies, and government support through funding. An additional contribution of this work was the analysis of the internationalization process of Brazilian companies innovative medium-sized sectors with high technological content, since most studies on internationalization in Brazil focuses on large industrial enterprises already established for decades in the national and sectors with low technological intensity.

A case study of Facebook marketing approaches of two Nepali companies

OpenAIRE

Aryal, Sudeep Bhushan

2012-01-01

Facebook marketing as a social media is an online communication that creates an avenue for companies to reach out to their customers. Nowadays, Facebook has become an effective and cheap medium to market products and services with higher positive results and feedbacks. The main objective of this thesis was to explore whether two Nepali companies Muncha.com and Thamel.com are able to promote their goods and services through Facebook or not. Moreover, this thesis will also study the overall...

Redescubriendo El suelo: Su importancia ecológica y agrícola

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Noé Manuel Montaño

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Redescubriendo el suelo: su importancia ecológica y agrícola es un libro muy completo, actualizado y sin duda será de consulta obligada para quienes hacen investigación edafológica y como material elemental para los cursos de pre- y posgrado de suelo y materias afines, tanto en México como en América Latina.

Building a Scoring Model for Small and Medium Enterprises

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Răzvan Constantin CARACOTA

2010-09-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the paper is to produce a scoring model for small and medium enterprises seeking financing through a bank loan. To analyze the loan application, scoring system developed for companies is as follows: scoring quantitative factors and scoring qualitative factors. We have estimated the probability of default using logistic regression. Regression coefficients determination was made with a solver in Excel using five ratios as input data. Analyses and simulations were conducted on a sample of 113 companies, all accepted for funding. Based on financial information obtained over two years, 2007 and 2008, we could establishe and appreciate the default value.

Do General Practices of Management Play Role as Drivers for Employee Job Satisfaction in Pakistani Entrepreneurial Companies?

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Sergey Nikolaevich Polbitsyn

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Using general practices of management is management philosophy; many organizations practice these tools that endeavor to improve their efficiency and competitiveness in the business markets. It is an integrated approach to reaching and maintaining high-quality production and services focusing on the maintenance and continuous improvement of operations in order to satisfy or exceed the customer satisfaction. Many researchers have done a lot of work on other management practices; total quality management is an important one of them in this competitive era, which has rarely studied especially in small and medium size entrepreneurial companies in Pakistan. This quantitative research study tried to determine the impact of Total Quality Management practices on job satisfaction level of the employees of those small and medium size companies based on new and creative ideas in the capital city. The conducted survey among 550 employees of small and medium size entrepreneurial companies in the capital of Pakistan got 200 employees response properly in filling out the questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed after applying software (version 20 Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Multiple regression was applied to test the proposed model, which was found satisfied. Leadership and top management support were founded the most dominant practice among the selected Total Quality Management practices which has a significant effect on employee job satisfaction. The findings of this study prove that the implementation of Total Quality Management practices can help in increasing employees’ job satisfaction which intern would increase Productivity of small and medium size entrepreneurial companies.

La importancia de palmas en el oeste de la cuenca Amazónica

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Balslev, Henrik

2011-01-01

Las palmas forman un elemento conspicuo y dominante en muchos bosques tropicales en el oeste de la cuenca Amazónica. Existen alrededor de 100 especies de palmas en la zona, y tienen densidades de hasta 8000 individuos por hectárea. Además de su importancia ecológica, las palmas son de gran...

International Financial Reporting standard for Small and Medium-sized entities

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Z Koppeschaar

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized entities (IFRS for SMEs was published as a standard by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB during July 2009. During 2007 South Africa became one of the first countries and the first country in Africa to early accept the proposed accounting standard (exposure draft of an IFRS for SMEs. The accounting standard will probably also be accepted by numerous other countries. The aim of this article is to investigate the applicability of this accounting standard. The results indicated that the IFRS for SMEs remains too comprehensive for the majority of small companies. The IFRS for SMEs does not satisfy the needs of South African users of small company financial statements, and as a result the accounting requirements should be simplified. KEYWORDS: Financial accounting; Financial reporting requirements; IFRS for SMEs; Small companies; Users of financial statements; Small company financial statements.

DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS IN TRUCK COMPANY

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Bibiana Kaselyova

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Purpose: Design of experiment (DOE represent very powerful tool for process improvement vastly supported by six sigma methodology. This approach is mostly used by large and manufacturing orientated companies. Presented research is focused on use of DOE in truck company, which is medium size and service orientated. Such study has several purposes. Firstly, detailed description of improvement effort based on DOE can be used as a methodological framework for companies similar to researched one. Secondly, it provides example of successfully implemented low cost design of experiment practise. Moreover, performed experiment identifies key factors, which influence the lifetime of truck tyres.Design/methodology: The research in this paper is based on experiment conducted in Slovakian Truck Company. It provides detailed case study of whole improvement effort, together with problem formulation, design creation and analysis, as well as the results interpretation. The company wants to improve lifetime of the truck tyres. Next to fuel consumption, consumption of tyres and their replacement represent according to them, one of most costly processes in company. Improvement effort was made through the use of PDCA cycle. It start with analysis of current state of tyres consumption. The variability of tyres consumption based on years and types was investigated. Then the causes of tyres replacement were identified and screening DOE was conducted. After a screening design, the full factorial design of experiment was used to identify main drivers of tyres deterioration and breakdowns. Based on result of DOE, the corrective action were propose and implement.Findings: Based on performed experiment our research describes process of tyres use and replacement. It defines main reasons for tyre breakdown and identify main drivers which influence truck tyres lifetime. Moreover it formulates corrective action to prolong tyres lifetime.Originality: The study represents full

How do companies envisage the future? Functional foresight approaches

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Kononiuk Anna

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The main aim of the paper is to present the synthesis of the results of methodological analysis conducted on examples of foresight projects executed in chosen companies representing four companies type: small and medium-sized enterprise (SME, nonprofit- organization, international corporations and consulting companies as well as to posit functional approach for the implementation of foresight research within organizations. The empirical part of the study is based on the qualitative approach. A multiple case study methodology is employed. The research objects are sixteen companies experienced in foresight research. The first part of the paper gives an overview of definitions of corporate foresight and the analysis of background that have influence on the conducting of foresight in large multinational companies on one side and SMEs on the other side. In the field of the theory of foresight research, the study demonstrates that there are different motivations for foresight introduction as well as different organizational structure of teams conducting the activities and the approaches that they use. In the practical perspective, the study and a detailed functional foresight approach proposed by authors could be valuable for SMEs who consider implementing foresight research into their strategic planning processes.

Czech small and medium-sized enterprises and the success in foreign markets

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Lenka Procházková

2011-01-01

Full Text Available The importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs in national economies has been growing. For these reasons, SME’s are paid more attention. The paper deals with the success of Czech SME’s activities in the foreign markets. These enterprises exploited the opportunity of extensive European Union market without internal borders and extended its activities to foreign markets. The objective of this paper is to determine characteristics related to activities carried on by small and medium-sized Czech companies in the foreign markets and then to describe those that fundamentally affect the success of these entities in the foreign markets. The characteristics are divided into five groups (a group of characteristics relating to the company, product, management, international experience and a group of characteristics relating to the target market. The enterprises’ success in foreign markets is assessed by aggregate indicator of success. This indicator is monitored by multi-dimensional indicators of corporate success and evaluation of both objective and subjective. At the last part of the article due to analysis of relationship used, there are identified characteristics affecting the success of Czech small and medium-sized enterprises in foreign markets.

Comparability of Accounting Choices in Investment Properties of BM&FBOVESPA and NYSE Listed Companies

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Reiner Alves Botinha

2017-04-01

Full Text Available This research aimed to identify the consequence of the accounting choices made by public companies managers listed on the NYSE and the BM&FBOVESPA, in relation to the subsequent measurement of investment properties, through identifying the comparability degree of financial reports from the year 2013. The degree of comparability was calculated using the T index Taplin. In this paper, it was observed that, in a more conservative way, to both stock exchanges, there was increased use of the cost method for the sample companies. Even with the existence of accounting choices, it is considered that there is comparability between accounting practices in the recognition of investment property from the companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA and NYSE. However, the degree of comparability was presented low for the international comparability and in the medium, near the lower limit for comparability per stock exchange. A curious fact is the presentation of a greater degree of comparability for the companies listed on the BM&FBOVESPA in relation to listed on the NYSE, which is a more developed capital market. In the analysis of the comparability by sector, it was observed a medium degree close to the upper limit. It has also been inferred the low comparability degrees identified may be related to the different choices made by the companies regarding the measurement methods.

A Company's Internal Potential to Implement a Strategy to Acquire a Competitive Advantage: Action-Research Within a Mexican CompanyHttp://Dx.Doi.Org/10.5585/Riae.V9i2.1657

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Gabriel Sánchez Trejo

2010-11-01

Full Text Available The small business in Mexico made an important contribution to the economic and social development of the country. Nevertheless, they present constant difficulties to reach a global and durable performance due to its specific characteristics. The generation of an internal development constitutes an alternative to compete with enterprises of the same size and with big companies in an external environment increasingly competitively and unstably. This article presents an intervention-research in a medium company where the socioeconomic theory was applied and developed dynamical strategic capacities having a direct impact in the organizational and social performance of the company.

International orientation and export commitment in fast small and medium size firms internationalization: scales validation and implications for the Brazilian case

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Marcelo André Machado

Full Text Available Abstract A set of changes in the competitive environment has recently provoked the emergence of a new kind of organization that has since its creation a meaningful share of its revenue being originated from international activities developed in more than one continent. Within this new reality, the internationalization of the firm in phases or according to its growth has resulted in it losing its capacity to explain this process with regard to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME. Thus, in this paper, the international orientation (IO and export commitment (EC constructs have been revised under a theoretical context of the fast internationalization of medium-sized companies, so as to identify scales that more accurately measure these dimensions in the Brazilian setting. After a literature review and an exploratory research, the IO and EC scales proposed by Knight and Cavusgil (2004 and Shamsuddoha and Ali (2006 were respectively applied to a sample of 398 small- and medium-sized exporting Brazilian companies. In spite of conjunction and situation differences inherent to the Brazilian companies, the selected scales presented high measuring reliability. Furthermore, the field research outcomes provide evidence for the existence of a phenomenon of fast internationalization in medium-sized companies in Brazil, as well as support some theoretical assumptions of other empirical investigations carried out with samples from developed countries.

Performance and internationalization effects of the use of ICT in diversified companies

OpenAIRE

León, Omar; Igartua, Juan Ignacio; Ganzarain, Jaione

2018-01-01

[ENG] The relationship between Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and business performance has been a topic of great importance for academics from different areas for several decades. In this sense, this study analyzes the impact of the use of ICT on the diversification strategy of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). From a sample of 95 companies in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country, it is evident that diversified companies show a higher level of use of ICTs and th...

The Intangible Assets, the Hidden Wealth of the Romanian Companies

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Florentina MOISESCU

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Many of the Romanian companies are familiar with the intellectual capital notions but are hesitant to implement an assessment and measuring methodology of intangible resources. As in the case of the small and medium enterprises, such reticence is even higher, the study focused on measuring the performance of the intellectual capital in a micro-enterprise, by using the VAIC method. The structured methodology may be applied by such companies too only by means of internal resources, without involving additional costs, and the obtained results are easy to interpret and may be used in the value added indicators management reviews.

Tailoring CSR Strategy to Company Size?

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Alexandra ZBUCHEA

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR is one of the most debated topics in the academic and professional business literature, being analyzed in a myriad of perspectives, from philosophy, to marketing, management practice, managerial strategies or financial impact. The very term of CSR implies that involving with society in a structural way that is part of a business DNA is or should be understood as a characteristic of big size companies (e.g. ‘corporations’. Academic literature and financial reports show a direct relationship between a company size and its CSR budget, therefore some conclusions have been taken that CSR is effective mostly in cases of big budgets and, consequently, of big companies. Academic research also tends to favor large corporations. Most of the literature on CSR is dedicated to large companies. Nevertheless, in the past decade, increasingly more studies have investigated the social responsibility assumed by other types of companies (such as SMEs, by public institutions or by nonprofit organizations. Our present empirical analysis based on structured academic literature review (comprehensive selection of relevant international papers and content analysis demonstrates that CSR should go beyond the classical understanding of the ‘corporation’ concept and that it should be tailored to SMEs as well. Innovation and top management support are the drivers of effective CSR adoption by SMEs, for positive results meeting specific business model requirements, as well as for society. Going beyond social responsibility as a philosophical duty, correctly tailored CSR strategies can be efficient for small and medium enterprises in meeting strategic business objectives.

Are You Being Served? A Genre Analysis of American and Dutch Company Replies to Customer Inquiries

Science.gov (United States)

van Mulken, Margaret; van der Meer, Wouter

2005-01-01

More and more companies now rely on the benefits of e-mail communication as a means of ensuring customer service. To date, very few publications have explored the role of this medium in the establishment of an interpersonal relationship between customer and company. In a descriptive study, the e-mail replies of producers were investigated with…

La importancia de los contenidos en la enseñanza

OpenAIRE

Coll Salvador, César; Solé i Gallart, Isabel

1987-01-01

Este artículo defiende la importancia de los contenidos para la enseñanza, en base a tres líneas de argumentación. La primera se refiere al concepto mismo de educación; la opción que se adopte al respecto condiciona indefectiblemente la significación que se atribuya a los contenidos específicos. El segundo argumento apela a la interpretación que desde los postulados de la psicología cognitiva actual se hace del aprendizaje escolar, que cristaliza en la noción de aprendizaje significativo, y l...

Environmental performance assessment of a company of aluminum surface treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Susan Catieri Ramalho

2013-08-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this article was to evaluate the environmental performance of a medium-sized company that provides services for surface treatment of aluminum. The treatment is known as anodizing. The research method was qualitative numerical modeling. The environmental performance of the company was organized into five constructs: atmosphere, wastewater, energy and natural resources, solid waste, and legislation and management. Nineteen indicators were chosen to explain the five constructs. Ten employees of the company prioritized the constructs and evaluated the situation of the indicators by means of a scale of assessment. By means of a mathematical model, the general performance of the environmental operation was calculated at 74.5% of the maximum possible. The indicators that most contributed to the performance not to reach 100% were consumption of electricity and water consumption. The construct of worse performance was natural and energy resources. These are the priorities for future environmental improvement actions that the company may promote.

Role of Relationship Marketing in Small and Medium-Sized Entreprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ružica Butigan

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Along with marketing, small and medium enterprises (SMEs are commonly associated in literature with relationship marketing which results in marketing networks. This paper examines the specific characteristics that differentiate large companies from small and medium-sized enterprises, and the reasons that prevent SMEs from engaging in traditional marketing within the scope of marketing mix. The paper also shows that the key characteristic which distinguishes small from large companies is a prominent role of owner/managers. The owner/manager affects marketing of SMEs by creating his or her own personal networks with stakeholders in the environment, and considers it an important strategic focus and a factor that increases the performance of marketing decision-making. After a thorough review of secondary data sources this paper examines relationship marketing as a marketing framework for SMEs and, finally, proves that relationship marketing is more appropriate for SMEs than are traditional marketing concepts, that relationship marketing and network marketing create an important framework for SMEs and that there is a link between relationship marketing, personal networks and SMEs.

Restoration in non nutrient medium: relative importance of some separation genetic markers; Restauracao em meio nao nutriente: importancia relativa de alguns marcadores geneticos de reparacao

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bezerra, R J.A.

1981-12-31

In order to check whether the increase of celular viability observed in cultures of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, irradiated with ultraviolet and incubated in non nutrient medium, would be due to cell multiplication, and/or repair we applied a Statistical Fluctuation Test, based on Poisson Distribution. Utilizing macromolecules in strains that show true liquid holding recovery (LHR) or cell multiplication. Our results show that cell multiplication and not repair occurs in non nutrient medium for E.coli AB2470 (rrecB21), E.coli JG112 (polA1) an in the {Delta}uvrB mutant of S.typhimurium. In E.coli JG112, the multiplication rate is higher when thymine is added to the non nutrient medium, due to the auxotrophism of this strain. In E.coli lexB30 mutant, we observed repair in non nutrient medium (LHR) and cell multiplication, while in E.coli lexA1 mutant only LHR was observed. Studies of macromolecules degradation indicate that the final products are, probably reutilized by the cells, creating possibility of multiplication and/or repair. (author).

Tendencies in product development in Danish food companies: Report of a qualitative analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Harmsen, Hanne

1994-01-01

responsible for product development. The aim was to find out to which degree these companies live up to the normative advice following from earlier studi 3. Most companies did not have an explicit product development strategy. Much of product development was initiated by direct customers and had a short......, mainly a certain degree of formalisation and an emphasis on up-front activities. 2. The product development function of seven medium-sized Danish food companies was analysed in a qualitative study, based on interviews with a management representative, a person responsible for marketing, and a person...... does, however, seem to help cross-functional communication. 6. Generally, then, the companies investigated seem to score low on all three of the success factors identified in product development studies....

Testing of the 3M Company Composite Conductor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stovall, John P [ORNL; Rizy, D Tom [ORNL; Kisner, Roger A [ORNL

2010-10-01

The 3M Company has developed a high-temperature low-sag conductor referred to as Aluminum-Conductor Composite-Reinforced or ACCR. The conductor uses an aluminum metal matrix material to replace the steel in conventional conductors. The objective of this work is to accelerate the commercial acceptance by electric utilities of this new conductor design by testing four representative conductor classes in controlled conditions. A unique facility called the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) Facility was built at ORNL for testing overhead conductors. The PCAT has been uniquely designed for testing overhead bare transmission line conductors at high currents and temperatures after they have been installed and tensioned to the manufacturer's specifications. The ability to operate a transmission line conductor in this manner does not exist elsewhere in the United States. Four classes of ACCR cable designed by the 3M Company have been successfully test at ORNL small, medium, large and small/compact. Based on these and other manufacturer tests, the 3M Company has successfully introduced the ACCR into the commercial market and has completed over twenty installations for utility companies.

Quantitative marketing research on behavior of the small and medium companies on financial advisory services

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Duguleana, L.

2013-12-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the results of quantitative marketing research conducted among small and medium enterprises in Braşov County. The research identified organizational elements of the consumer behavior in the use of the financial advisory services. The objective is to determine whether there is association between firm size and the number of financial advice services outsourced. Results of the study will be based construction of the price policy for financial advisory firms, tailored to the financial constraints faced by small and medium enterprises in Romania.

Financial Management Challenges In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Strategic Management Approach

OpenAIRE

Hande Karadag

2015-01-01

Abstract :Due to their significant role in creation of new jobs, rise in GDP, entrepreneurship and innovation, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognized as the the drivers of socio-economic growth, both in developed and developing economies. In Turkey, 99.9 % of all enterprises fall into SME category. Therefore, the significance of SMEs for Turkish economy and society is much higher in Turkey, compared to other emerging and developed countries. Small and medium-sized companies ...

Importancia de las competencias en la formación de enfermería

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cecilia Latrach-Ammar

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: conocer la opinión de los profesionales e internos de enfermería sobre la importancia de las competencias de egreso en la formación de estudiantes para la práctica profesional en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Universidad Mayor de Chile, en el 2008. Método: estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal; la recolección de datos se efectuó mediante una encuesta autoadministrada en dos grupos: internos y profesionales de enfermería. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva. En los resultados se observa que los grupos encuestados aprecian que las competencias asistencial, general, educativa y de sello son "muy importantes para el desarrollo profesional"; sin embargo, el grado de importancia varía dependiendo de la función que ejercen los encuestados. Conclusión: la presente investigación permite validar, por parte de los egresados y profesionales, las competencias adquiridas por los estudiantes durante su formación universitaria, las cuales responden a las exigencias laborales y permiten la integración de los profesionales a la gestión académica.

Medium-size high-temperature gas-cooled reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peinado, C.O.; Koutz, S.L.

1980-08-01

This report summarizes high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) experience for the 40-MW(e) Peach Bottom Nuclear Generating Station of Philadelphia Electric Company and the 330-MW(e) Fort St. Vrain Nuclear Generating Station of the Public Service Company of Colorado. Both reactors are graphite moderated and helium cooled, operating at approx. 760 0 C (1400 0 F) and using the uranium/thorium fuel cycle. The plants have demonstrated the inherent safety characteristics, the low activation of components, and the high efficiency associated with the HTGR concept. This experience has been translated into the conceptual design of a medium-sized 1170-MW(t) HTGR for generation of 450 MW of electric power. The concept incorporates inherent HTGR safety characteristics [a multiply redundant prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV), a graphite core, and an inert single-phase coolant] and engineered safety features

Social world interactions: how company connects to paranoia.

Science.gov (United States)

Collip, D; Oorschot, M; Thewissen, V; Van Os, J; Bentall, R; Myin-Germeys, I

2011-05-01

Experimental studies have indicated that social contact, even when it is neutral, triggers paranoid thinking in people who score high on clinical or subclinical paranoia. We investigated whether contextual variables are predictive of momentary increases in the intensity of paranoid thinking in a sample of participants ranging across a psychometric paranoia continuum. The sample (n=154) consisted of 30 currently paranoid patients, 34 currently non-paranoid patients, 15 remitted psychotic patients, 38 high-schizotypy participants, and 37 control subjects. Based on their total score on Fenigstein's Paranoia Scale (PS), three groups with different degrees of paranoia were defined. The Experience Sampling Method (ESM), a structured diary technique, was used to assess momentary social context, perceived social threat and paranoia in daily life. There were differences in the effect of social company on momentary levels of paranoia and perceived social threat across the range of trait paranoia. The low and medium paranoia groups reported higher levels of perceived social threat when they were with less-familiar compared to familiar individuals. The medium paranoia group reported more paranoia in less-familiar company. The high paranoia group reported no difference in the perception of social threat or momentary paranoia between familiar and unfamiliar contacts. Paranoid thinking is context dependent in individuals with medium or at-risk levels of trait paranoia. Perceived social threat seems to be context dependent in the low paranoia group. However, at high levels of trait paranoia, momentary paranoia and momentary perceived social threat become autonomous and independent of social reality.

Mexico and emerging carbon markets : investment opportunities for small and medium-size companies and the global climate agenda

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vaughan, S.; Carpentier, C.L.; Patterson, Z.; Kelly, K.; De Alba, E.; Hoyt, E.A.; Breceda, M.; Ouimet, B.

2001-11-01

This report provides information to the financial services sector on major environmental issues in North America in an effort to identify potential financial opportunities in Mexico regarding the climate change agenda and those coming from possible carbon offset projects. As a non-Annex 1 country, Mexico is not obliged to meet domestic GHG emission reduction targets, but given the strong economic links between Mexico, Canada and the United States it is suggested that investment transfer links to climate change should follow existing international investment and trade patterns. This report examined three sectors in Mexico, including electric power generation, steel production and land-use change and forestry, in an effort to evaluate their potential for carbon reduction. The report identifies carbon-related opportunities involving small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs) in particular because large companies are already better positioned to examine opportunities associated with the international climate agenda. SMEs, however, face many challenges in taking advantage of climate-related projects and associated investment opportunities, including higher entry and transaction costs, difficulty in accessing capital markets, and difficulty in estimating individual baselines and inventories. The report showed that the main carbon-related opportunity in Mexico's electricity sector are closely related to the planned expansion of natural gas use. This study also suggests that the climate agenda can contribute to changing Mexican forests from their current state of being a net source of greenhouse gas emissions, to becoming a significant carbon sink. tabs., figs

FUTURE SCOPE OF WOMEN CARRIER IN THE PRINTING INDUSTRY: THE CHALLENGES OF WOMEN IN PRINTING OGANIZATIONS (A SURVEY OF TWENTY FIVE COMPANIES "SMALL, MEDIUM AND LARGE PRINTING ORGANIZATION" IN AREA "NCR DELHI AND HISAR, HR".)

OpenAIRE

Mr. Azad Singh*

2017-01-01

Women carrier in printing organization today, printing industry is growing with an expositional rate & required skills manpower. In this survey based paper to getting recruit of women 10%small, 30%medium and 60% large scale print industry. Objective of this paper is too filled out manpower skills printing industries are seaking in B.Tech women printing students to bridge the gap between skills and required in printing organization. A survey 25 companies was carried out. the result indicated t...

PROJECT MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM: STUDY IN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES OF INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paulo Eduardo Mondin

2016-12-01

Full Text Available This article aims to analyze the structuring stage and use of information systems in project management in small and medium-sized companies in the business of providing services in industrial automation. Information systems applied to project management - SIGPs can contribute to decision-making on projects, assisting in the management of reliable information in real time, making it a natural choice for most companies looking to increase performance management of their projects. The research method used was multiple case study, in line with the explanatory nature of the study, when to investigate and perform analytical comparisons on how small and medium-sized enterprises of the studied branch structure and use the SIGPs, considering the contemporary character theme and the possibility of direct observation of the object of study, in addition to conducting interviews. The main results were identified the main gaps in project management in companies and research as the management characteristics of these SMEs have influence in how their projects are managed. It was observed that there is a predominance of features involving scope, time and resources on projects, whereas aspects related to costs, risks, quality, procurement and communications have unimpressive results in relation to structuring.

“LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA GENERACIÓN DE CONTENIDOS EN EL CONTEXTO DIGITAL”

OpenAIRE

Neyra Rodríguez, Milagros Rocío

2017-01-01

La investigación tiene como Objetivo: Describir la importancia de la generación de contenidos en el contexto digital. Método: La investigación es de diseño no experimental, de tipo descriptivo. Conclusión: La generación de contenidos comunicacionales va directamente relacionada a los objetivos de producto, marketing, publicitarios, etc. Trabajo de investigacion Revisión por pares

An empirical analysis of strategy implementation process and performance of construction companies

Science.gov (United States)

Zaidi, F. I.; Zawawi, E. M. A.; Nordin, R. M.; Ahnuar, E. M.

2018-02-01

Strategy implementation is known as action stage where it is to be considered as the most difficult stage in strategic planning. Strategy implementation can influence the whole texture of a company including its performance. The aim of this research is to provide the empirical relationship between strategy implementation process and performance of construction companies. This research establishes the strategy implementation process and how it influences the performance of construction companies. This research used quantitative method approached via questionnaire survey. Respondents were G7 construction companies in Klang Valley, Selangor. Pearson correlation analysis indicate a strong positive relationship between strategy implementation process and construction companies’ performance. The most importance part of strategy implementation process is to provide sufficient training for employees which directly influence the construction companies’ profit growth and employees’ growth. This research results will benefit top management in the construction companies to conduct strategy implementation in their companies. This research may not reflect the whole construction industry in Malaysia. Future research may be resumed to small and medium grades contractors and perhaps in other areas in Malaysia.

Analysis of the Internationalization Process of a Venezuelan Company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosângela Sarmento da Silva

2013-04-01

Full Text Available This paper aimed to analyze, under the perspectives of economic and organizational behavior theories, the case of the internationalization of Agrogilca, a Venezuelan company classified as an small and medium business, which operates in the mining segment, agricultural materials and building materials. This is an instrumental case study, which had as sources of evidence the examination of documents provided directly by company’s directors and interviews with its owner and employees. For the data analysis and interpretation, it was took the procedure of adaptation to the theory, since the data obtained empirically were contrasted to elements of already consolidated theories about internationalization of companies. It is concluded that the strategy adopted by Agrogilca company is very close to Theory of Market Power proposed by Hymer, in which companies tend to intensify its position abroad and expand their operations. Its internationalization process did not occur according to the Uppsala model, in which the gradualism of relationship matches the gradualism of internationalization processes, but only with exportations that make companies intensify its position abroad, and finally, shows proximity to the internationalization strategy of Multidomestic Theory of Hoskisson. This is because this theory considers as an internationalization cause the sectoral conditions, political structures and customer needs for a greater administrative performance and competitiveness of the company.

Synergic motives and economic success of mergers of Czech companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaroslav Sedláček

2013-01-01

Full Text Available One of the motives for mergers and acquisitions is the synergy effect, which can take several forms. This paper tries to find out whether mergers implemented at the Czech market bring positive or negative synergies. The basis of our investigation is the database of the companies that implemented a merger within 2001–2009; out of these, the companies that published their financial statements in a digitalized form were selected. We monitored the development of six indicators characterizing the economic status of a company. The values of these indicators were compared for all participating companies before the merger and for the successor company three years after the merger. The hypotheses were formulated so that they expressed an expectation of a positive synergy brought about by mergers. However, hypothesis testing has not provided a clear result. A positive effect of a merger on the key indicator of net assets, whose growth means an increase in the accounting value of the company after the merger, has been proved for small and medium-sized companies only. The effect of mergers on the increase in indicators has been confirmed for retained earnings from past years and personal costs. Further research will concentrate on the relations between the indicators with the aim to create an integral indicator for the economic success of mergers.

Enfermedades del tejido conectivo: Importancia del diagnóstico precoz

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G. Patricia Abumohor, Dra.

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Las Enfermedades del Tejido Conectivo (ETC son entidades de baja prevalencia en la población general. Son de naturaleza inflamatoria y autoinmune, tienden a la cronicidad y al compromiso de muchos parénquimas, órganos y tejidos, dejando en ellos daño estructural y funcional. Dado lo anterior, amenazan la vida o disminuyen la expectativa y calidad de vida. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de estas entidades, permite cambiar su curso y muchas veces lograr remisión. Es por lo tanto de suma importancia tenerlas en mente y sospecharlas como entidades de enfermedad e iniciar un tratamiento oportuno.

La importancia de la motivación económica

OpenAIRE

Elstein, Daniela

2013-01-01

La motivación es considerada uno de los factores más importantes que desvela, tanto a los Administradores de las empresas, como a los responsables de Marketing. La importancia de la motivación, no será cuestionada en las siguientes líneas, sino que dando uso a las ideas de dos grandes pensadores de la talla de Herzberg y Maslow, buscaremos una respuesta al cómo, cuándo y hasta dónde motivar a nuestro personal. Por medio de tres categorías de motivación y un anexo especial de segmentación de e...

The Dynamic Relationship between Growth and Profitability under Long-Term Recession: The Case of Korean Construction Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Seungkyu Yoo

2015-12-01

Full Text Available We conducted an empirical analysis of the dynamic relationship between growth and profitability for small- and medium-sized construction companies that faced long-term economic stagnation in Korea. The period of the analysis spanned 2000 to 2014, and the full period was divided into two halves: before the 2008 global financial crisis and after it. Our empirical model was based on the system generalized method of moments model, and 264 construction companies were used as the study sample. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. (1 A profitability-driven management strategy limits company growth, thus prolonging the economic downturn; (2 When the macroeconomic environment is relatively stable, high growth in the previous period fosters profitability in the current period. This implies that the phenomenon of dynamic increasing returns is present in the Korean construction industry, and learning through growth enhances productivity and profitability. Consequentially, a strategy oriented towards short-term profitability (popular with small- and medium-sized Korean construction companies makes the corporate management less resilient, causing them to select “de-growth” during the long-term stagnation by decreasing their scale of operations. Accordingly, it is important for companies to maintain the balance between growth and profitability.

Key concerns of U.K. oil and gas company directors for upstream oil developments

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1996-01-01

Energy 2006 is a survey published by Ernst and Young presenting the main concerns over the past decade of the UK company directors. The upstream conclusions are presented here. In the medium term (3 years) and long term (10 years), the main concerns were with replacing reserves and with oil price changes. Company re-organisation etc., de-regulation of the gas market, maximising production, return of Iraq to the oil market, and environmental issues were also of concern. (author)

The experiences of a small Canadian petroleum company in the international arena

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rooney, J.

2002-01-01

Equatorial Energy Inc. is a small Canadian company that has succeeded in the international world of oil exploration and production. The 5 year old company has grown from zero to 13,000 boe/d through its engagement in the acquisition, exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas in Western Canada and Indonesia. Finding costs are getting higher as domestic sedimentary basins mature. This results in higher decline rates and fewer opportunities for growth. However, the international energy sector has become more accessible to small- and medium-sized companies due to the removal of political barriers and better access to new technologies. The support of capital markets and international experience also contributes to greater success in accessing the international energy sector. 16 figs

MOBIL CONTAINER UNIT FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE UTILIZATION FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM WASTWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

OpenAIRE

Stanisław Ledakowicz; Paweł Stolarek; A. Malinowski

2016-01-01

The most wastewater treatment plants in Poland are small and medium plants of flow capacity below 1000 m3/d. These plants are not able to build sludge incineration plants and the transportation costs to the nearest plants increase the total costs of wastewater treatment. Polish company Metal Expert together with the French company ETIA and Lodz University of Technology proposed mobile unit for integrated drying and pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a pilot bench scale with capacity of 100 kg/h ...

CHARACTERIZATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES OF POMERANIAN REGION IN SIX SIGMA METHODOLOGY APPLICATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Background: Six Sigma is related to product’s characteristics and parameters of actions, needed to obtain these products. On the other hand, it is a multi-step, cyclic process aimed at the improvements leading to global standard, closed to the perfection. There is a growing interest in Six Sigma methodology among smaller organizations but there are still too little publications presented such events in the sector of small and medium enterprises, especially based on good empirical results. It was already noticed at the phase of the preliminary researches, that only small part of companies from this sector in Pomerian region use elements of this methodology. Methods: The companies were divided into groups by the type of their activities as well as the employment size. The questionnaires were sent to 150 randomly selected organizations in two steps and were addressed to senior managers. The questionnaire contained the questions about basic information about a company, the level of the knowledge and the practical application of Six Sigma methodology, opinions about improvements of processes occurring in the company, opinions about trainings in Six Sigma methodology. Results: The following hypotheses were proposed, statistically verified and received the answer: The lack of the adequate knowledge of Six Sigma methodology in SMEs limits the possibility to effectively monitor and improve processes - accepted. The use of statistical tools of Six Sigma methodology requires the broad action to popularize this knowledge among national SMEs - accepted. The level of the awareness of the importance as well as practical use of Six Sigma methodology in manufacturing SMEs is higher than in SMEs providing services - rejected, the level is equal. The level of the knowledge and the use of Six Sigma methodology in medium manufacturing companies is significantly higher than in small manufacturing companies - accepted. The level of the knowledge and the application

[Mortality among able-bodied population in industrial cities in accordance with specific enterprise forming a company city].

Science.gov (United States)

Tikhonova, G I; Gorchakova, T Iu; Churanova, A N

2013-01-01

The article covers comparative analysis of mortality causes and levels among male able-bodied population in small and medium industrial cities of Murmansk region in accordance with specific enterprise forming a company city. Findings are that, if compared to Murmansk having no enterprise forming a company, other industrial cities in the region, situated in the same climate area, demonstrated higher levels of mortality among the male able-bodied population with the death causes associated etiologically to occupational hazards on the enterprises forming a company city.

Strategic use of the Internet by small- and medium-sized companies : an exploratory study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Sadowski, B.M.; Maitland, C.; Dongen, van J.

2002-01-01

The paper investigates the extent to which the adoption of Internet software and services in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been strategic, i.e. based upon the exploitation of the network characteristics of the new technology. Within SMEs, it seems that opportunistic motivations

La importancia de la oralidad en la cultura contemporánea. El caso de

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lic. María Eugenia Boito

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo titulado "La importancia de la oralidad en la cultura contemporánea. El caso de "El caldero de los cuenteros en Córdoba" la idea es analizar las manifestaciones de la tradición oral en un grupo cultural de la provincia de Córdoba, observando desde una mirada comunicacional cómo las diferentes expresiones culturales son convocadas por este grupo mediante la oralidad.Esta manifestación cultural fue elegida como objeto de análisis ya que por sus características no participa en ninguno de los tres circuitos culturales que –según los teóricos- caracterizan la dinámica de las culturas urbanas latinoamericanas y nos parece importante abordar la oralidad como componente de cultura latinoamericana. Esta forma de encuentro en donde la tradición cultural de los distintos grupos se hace presente es el objeto de análisis de este trabajo, tratar de comprender la importancia de lo oral en la cultura cotidiana, en las tradiciones propias y ajenas, en definitiva, en el imaginario social de nuestros pueblos.

Current information technology needs of small to medium sized apparel manufacturers and contractors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wimple, C., LLNL

1998-04-01

This report documents recent efforts of the American Textile Partnership (AMTEX{sup TM}) Demand Activated Manufacturing Architecture (DAMA) Project to identify opportunities for cost effective enhanced information technology use by small to medium sized apparel manufacturers and contractors. Background on the AMTEX/DAMA project and objectives for the specific DAMA Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) effort are discussed in this section. The approach used to gather information about current opportunities or needs is outlined in Section 2 Approach, and relevant findings are identified and a brief analysis of the information gathered is presented in Section 3 Findings. Recommendations based on the analysis, are offered in Section 4 Recommendations, and plans are suggested for DAMA follow-on in Section 5 Future Plans. Trip reports for each of the companies visited are contained in Appendix E - Company Trip Reports. These individual reports contain the data upon which the analysis presented in Section 3 Findings is based.

THE DUALITY OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS. SUSTAINABLE GROWTH FOR COMPANIES AND COUNTRIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LIVIU NEAMŢU

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Current civilization increasingly relies more and more on economic interdependence. In this context, the organizations, be they companies or states, are forced to grow by integrating these interdependencies into their development process. In this process of interdependent integration each participant identifies advantages wishing to exploit their own development process, pursuing a sustainable kind of development by avoiding any risks and identify as many opportunities. Direct investments in various world economies represent the spearhead for this process of identifying opportunities and reduce risk in a global development process. This process ensures both the safety on medium and long-term development and rapid application for their development plans of both companies and the economies of various countries of the world. Through this study we identified the main opportunities sought by world states in this process of internationalization of business and globalization of markets. But we also highlighted the limitations of this process and regulation needs of investing processes in order to ensure the sustainability of the process. The second advantaged component in this process of international expansion and increase of economic interconnection is represented by multinationals enjoying benefits far superior to those of states in the medium-term development. However the limits of investing process force the companies to require certain advantages or guarantees during the progress of investment processes. Thus, we highlight a duality of foreign direct investment opposing on the one hand the companies interested to secure their international operations and liberalization of markets and states requiring a relatively regulated investment process to avoid dependence on foreign capital.

Information Technology in Small Medium Enterprise: Logistic and Production Processes

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Maurizio Pighin

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents and discuss a survey which describes how small-medium enterprises (SMEs implement and use their information system with respect to their logistic and production processes. The study first describes the rationale of the research, then it identifies the characteristics of the companies and detects their general attitude towards information technology (IT. In the following section the paper presents a set of detailed processes to verify the structure and workflow of companies and how IT supports their processes. In the last part we study the influence of some company characteristics to effective use of processes and to different technological approaches, to support defined logistic and production processes. The novelty of the study and its interest, both in academic and institutional context as in the real world, resides in the opportunity to verify and understand the different attitudes of SMEs towards information technology in defining, organizing, planning and control their processes.

Employee Development in Small and Medium Enterprises in the Light of Demographic Evolution

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hana Urbancová

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Trends in the job market taking worker knowledge, abilities and skills into account show that the demand for qualified, experienced workers has been rising and that the trend will continue into the future. Accordingly, companies must put a life-long learning and development strategy in place so that even older employees (55+, the proportion of whom has been rising in organizations and in the marketplace, may maintain their positions in the job market for as long as possible. This paper aims to assess how small and medium enterprises in the Czech Republic reflect current demographic developments in terms of age management support and employee development. The data was obtained from small and medium enterprises in the Czech Republic (n = 432. The results show that age management is not an official primary focus of small and medium enterprises; but they naturally act in line with age management practices nevertheless. Any efficient solution to demographic development in the enterprises studied here, however, must be based upon an overall change of attitude coming from both entrepreneurs and company leadership focusing on young employees, as well as older employees themselves, where their ability to pass on their experience to younger coworkers is stressed. To maintain economic prosperity, continuous development is important for both categories.

SUPPLY –CHAIN AND LOGIC MODELS FOR THE TEXTILE AND CLOTHING COMPANIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

VISILEANU Emilia

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The textile and clothing industry is characterized by specific supply-chain models with companies situated in a complex cluster type structure. Depending on the size, the volume and the variety of production, companies can be classified as follows: large companies, griffes, medium size companies and subcontracting companies. The logic of companies is defined by the main feature of the textile and clothing field, namely the logic of collections, determined by the seasonality and classified into several types: planning, fast-fashion, fast fashion/ planning. The market share defined by stylistic content, product quality and price determine their typology: mass-market, bridge, diffusion, prêt-a-porter/haute-couture. The study conducted on a number of companies in the textile-clothing industry revealed the following: high share of SMEs (75%, dominant role of garments in the production (74.5%, fast-fashion logic of imitating companies is predominant (94% and mass-market type products have the highest market share (71%. Success in national and international challenges that must be faced by the textile - clothing sector: complete liberalization of world trade, the implementation of quality standards, the adoption of the EU Customs Code and relocation can be provided only by changing the supply -chain models and business strategies with a focus on short series products with high customization and fictionalization, new models of e-commerce services, e-business, etc

Importancia del patrocinio en relación con los Juegos Olímpicos

OpenAIRE

Manrique Sánchez, Sonia

2016-01-01

RESUMEN: El objeto de estudio de este trabajo es el patrocinio deportivo en general y el patrocinio deportivo relacionado con los Juegos Olímpicos en particular. El estudio sirve para entender el patrocinio deportivo, su importancia y evolución en las Olimpiadas y mostrar lo que supone la realización de la actividad de patrocinio deportivo para las empresas patrocinadoras, quedando latente los beneficios para ambas partes, patrocinado y patrocinador, cuando se realiza dicha actividad. D...

Bug tracking and project management system application in an electronic design company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sadık ARSLAN

2016-05-01

Full Text Available In this study, commercially available Bug Tracking and Management Information Systems has been investigated in a comprehensive manner. The systems that commonly used described in detail. Bug Tracking and Project Management Systems requirements analysis of medium-sized companies and Kentkart Ege Electronic which is an Information Technology company has been made. Obtained by the analysis requirements, the appropriate tools are selected for system application. JIRA that a product of Atlassian company was determined as a Bug Tracking and Project Management application tool. In this study, JIRA system adapted to the requirements, Bug Tracking and Project Management systems is designed in a structure which can be easily used by R&D employees. Cost-Benefit analysis is done and using this project was determined to be quite useful.

Neurological complications following Kontrast-U injections: damaged persons versus Swedish drug company 1974-1979

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tuveson, M.

1980-01-01

The side-effects of Kontrast-U myelography, a special X-ray method of examination of the lumbar part of the spine using a Swedish manufactured contrast medium called Kontrast-U, are reported. The legal proceedings against the drug company are described. (C.F.)

La importancia de los materiales en las viviendas de muy bajo coste

OpenAIRE

Salas, Julián

1992-01-01

El texto que sigue se encuadra en el contexto de intentar enmarcar la importancia considerable del capítulo de los materiales de construcción en el subsector de las viviendas de muy bajo coste en los Países en Vías de Desarrollo en general, y en Latinoamérica en particular. El autor trata de cuantificar, en forma global, la repercusión de los materiales en varios supuestos y como ésta aumenta al disminuir —prácticamente desaparecer— las partidas de instalaciones y acabados. De conformidad...

A Systematic Approach to Strategy Formulation for Medium-Sized Shipyards

OpenAIRE

Ma'ruf, Buana

2007-01-01

A more comprehensive strategy formulation has an important role for sustainable competitive advantage of the shipbuilding companies in the global market. The nature of shipbuilding industry differs from general industry, therefore a strategy formulation model should be developed based on its own characteristics and business environment. This paper presents a proposed strategy formulation model for medium-sized shipyards both in business and corporate levels. A new approach was developed based...

Análise dos movimentos recentes de diversificação nas empresas construtoras de porte médio no Brasil Analysis of the diversification actions developed by the Brazilian medium construction companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

João Gualberto Coutinho Rocha

2002-01-01

Full Text Available Ao longo dos últimos anos, as empresas brasileiras de construção civil vêm desenvolvendo ações de diversificação em seus negócios, com especial ênfase no segmento das concessões de obras e serviços públicos. Baseado em uma pesquisa realizada junto a 26 empresas construtoras de porte médio, o presente artigo pretende analisar as reais motivações, interesses, capacidades, formas associativas adotadas e resultados derivados da decisão por diversificar nessas empresas. O objetivo final do artigo é o de apontar eventuais distorções entre interesses e estratégias, e capacidades disponíveis e demandas exigidas para o cumprimento dos programas de diversificação em tais empresas, procurando, ainda, indicar caminhos alternativos para o futuro.Throughout the last years, the Brazilian construction companies have been developing diversification programs, especially in the fields of infrastructure privatization. Based on a research took effect with 26 medium companies, this article intends to study the real motivations, interests, capacities, partnership forms and results of the actions developed by these companies. The final purpose of the article is to discuss eventual distortions between interests and strategies, and abilities and demands, trying to point new strategic ways to the future.

A History of the Caterpillar Tractor Company's Use of Motion Pictures.

Science.gov (United States)

Veeder, Gerry A.

Film historians have tended to overlook the industrial film even though it has been widely used as a sales tool since early in this century. The Caterpillar Tractor Company was one of the first to adopt this medium as a means of demonstrating what its machines could do in a variety of situations. While other types of films have been made by…

Design of an interdisciplinary engineering elective scoped around collaboration with Small Medium Sized enterprises (SME)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christiansen, Nynne Budtz; Ulrich, Mai-Mai; Pontoppidan, Maja Lund

2014-01-01

a real life setting elective course, involving small and medium sized enterprises (SME) in engineering education. How do you engage with companies without compromising the learning outcome? How you manage the expectation from the companies and still maintaining the student responsibility for the problem...... of a compulsory 10 ECTS element with focus on interdisciplinary and industry collaboration for all Bachelors of Engineering at The Technical University of Denmark in 2016. As collaboration partner the elective has chosen to work with small and medium sized enterprises (SME) as more than half of the value added...... to the European economy comes from the SME’s and around half of all employees work in micro or small businesses with less than 50 employees5. At the same time the barriers for university collaboration with SMEs are somewhat steeper than working with larger organizations6. The paper will focus on the SME...

Importancia de la gerencia del conocimiento: contrastes entre la teoría y la evidencia empírica

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César Augusto Bernal Torres

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio analiza la importancia que las organizaciones dan en Colombia a la gerencia del conocimiento, para responder a los retos del actual orden económico mundial. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta a 2.249 personas en 83 organizaciones de diferentes tamaños y sectores de actividad económica, localizadas en la ciudad de Bogotá. En general, los resultados indican que la gerencia del conocimiento no es una práctica usual en estas organizaciones, situación que contrasta desfavorablemente con el alto grado de importancia que las organizaciones en los países desarrollados dan a estas actividades, consideradas como estratégicas para potenciar su capacidad innovadora y competitividad sostenible. Rasgos estos de los que en general adolecen las empresas en Colombia y los cuales son necesarios potenciar.

Importancia de la gerencia del conocimiento: contrastes entre la teoría y la evidencia empírica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César Augusto Bernal Torres

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio analiza la importancia que las organizaciones dan en Colombia a la gerencia del conoci- miento, para responder a los retos del actual orden económico mundial. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta a 2.249 personas en 83 organizaciones de diferentes tama ̃ nos y sectores de actividad económica, localiza- das en la ciudad de Bogotá. En general, los resultados indican que la gerencia del conocimiento no es una práctica usual en estas organizaciones, situación que contrasta desfavorablemente con el alto grado de importancia que las organizaciones en los países desarrollados dan a estas actividades, consideradas como estratégicas para potenciar su capacidad innovadora y competitividad sostenible. Rasgos estos de los que en general adolecen las empresas en Colombia y los cuales son necesarios potenciar.

Company maturity models: Application to supplier development program in oil&gas sector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jabier Retegi Albisua

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: In order to achieve excellence, outsourced maintenance contractors in Oil&Gas sector play a key role due to the important impact of their task on security, availability and energy consumption. This paper presents the process followed in order to implement a Supplier Development Program in a refinery using Company Maturity Model (CoMM and the results obtained in three cases validating the method to obtain a strategic improvement project medium term grid. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology followed consists of constructing a CoMM capturing the knowledge existing in the refinery and applying it with three supplier improvement teams. Findings and conclusions have arised through an observation of the three processes and extracting common conclusions. Findings: The resulting CoMM has been used for self-assessment by three suppliers and has demonstrated its potential to define a medium-term improvement project road map validated by the customer. Furthermore, during the design and application processes, the contribution of CoMMs to the SECI process of knowledge management has been observed. Practical implications: The use of CoMMs in a service contractor context can be applied in other sectors. It contributes to alignment of targets between the supplier and customer companies and to knowledge sharing inside both firms. Originality/value: Maturity models in many transversal fields (CMMI, EFQM, BPMM, PEMM, etc. have been thoroughly studied in the literature. Less effort has been made analysing the case of using maturity models constructed and implemented by a company for its specific purposes. In this paper, the process followed by a company to establish a Supplier Development Process using CoMMs is described.

Creativity, creations and innovations in the management of small and medium-sized business

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Usheva M.

2015-05-01

Full Text Available Creativity is a process of development and expression of new ideas interwoven in the company mission and vision to lead not only to financial success but also to real loyalty and involvement of the employees with the company problems and achievements. The main objective of this paper is through the research among contemporary managers and entrepreneurs, representatives of small and medium-sized business in the region of Blagoevgrad to prove that creativity skills are deployed in each person, to identify the specific characteristics of the creative thinking of the manager and the tools that stimulate them to increase competitiveness in the context of the sustainable development of the small and medium business in international and domestic tourism market. The main result to be achieved is evidence that when there is adequate (positive self-evaluation, intrinsic motivation or chiefly necessity of creativity manifestation, emotivity in the sense of creative enthusiasm, personal professional effectiveness and appropriate situational factors, the modern manager is able to model conditions for the manifestation of creativity (creative self-expression, both in themselves and in their subordinates. This in turn leads to increased competitiveness and intensive implementation of innovations in the company management and operation. The main research methods used in the study are literature review on the subject, survey, analysis of processes, intuitive and systematic approach, systematic observation, data classification and interpretation.

RISK IDENTIFICATION TOOLS – POLISH MSMES COMPANIES PRACTICES

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Iwona Gorzeń-Mitka

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to present risk identification tools in Polish micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs. Risk identification is a key element of the risk management process in companies. Correctly fitting risk identification tools affect the accuracy of management decisions. The result of research is to identify the leading risk identification tools used by MSMEs. The study was conducted in 2010-2012 using a mixed survey-monographic method and questionnaires. The qualitative data were obtained during the study.

Cost and Management Accounting Practices: A Survey of Manufacturing Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ali UYAR

2010-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to explore cost and management accounting practices utilized by manufacturing companies operating in Istanbul, Turkey. The sample of the study consists of 61 companies, containing both small and medium-sized enterprises, and large companies. The data collection methodology of the study is questionnaire survey. The content of the questionnaire survey is based on several previous studies. The major findings of the study are as follows: the most widely used product costing method is job costing; the complexity in production poses as the highest ranking difficulty in product costing; the most widely used three overhead allocation bases are prime costs, units produced, and direct labor cost; pricing decisions is the most important area where costing information is used; overall mean of the ratio of overhead to total cost is 34.48 percent for all industries; and the most important three management accounting practices are budgeting, planning and control, and cost-volume-profit analysis. Furthermore, decreasing profitability, increasing costs and competition, and economic crises are the factors, which increase the perceived importance of cost accounting. The findings indicate that companies perceive traditional management accounting tools still important. However, new management accounting practices such as strategic planning, and transfer pricing are perceived less important than traditional ones. Therefore, companies need to improve themselves in this aspect.

Assessing the financial positions of Ontario`s new electricity companies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Connell, T. [Standard and Poor`s, Toronto, ON (Canada)

1999-11-01

This paper describes the methodology, including the criteria factors, comparable ratings and key credit issues used in assessing the financial positions of Ontario Power Generation Inc., and the Ontario Hydro Services Company. The rating criteria factors include both business factors (such as ownership structure, regulation, service area, operations, management, etc.,) and financial factors (e.g. financial policies and guidelines, recent financial performance, margin analysis, capital structure and borrowing plans, financial projections and sensitivities). Key credit issues include considerations of competitive dynamics, nuclear portfolio performance (for Genco), regulatory changes, cost control, capital spending program, retail business exposure, future financial performance. Comparisons are made with corresponding positions of comparable entities in Australia, Finland, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA. In the case of Ontario Power Generation Inc., the company is assessed to have significant advantages initially, but various uncertainties over the medium term warrant a more cautious view of the credit profile. For the Ontario Hydro Services Company the business risks appear to be low and moderate leverage entails a strong, stable credit profile. The overall assessment of the two companies is that while certain questions such as the workability and credibility of the new industry structure, the problem of stranded debt and questions about the liquidity of market participants remain unsolved, Ontario Power Generation Inc., and the Ontario Hydro Services Company ratings compare favorably with ratings of global industry peers.

Work Organization and Professionalization in New Media Industry – The Case of a Finnish Company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Arja Haapakorpi

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The article explores work organization in one new media company in a turning point of the business, in the 2000s. The company had changed from a small workshop to a medium-sized company in a few years. Growth, increasing competition, and uncertainty of profitability had altered the management and work organization. An approach of governance, aimed at efficiency and economy, was systematically implemented; the working methods were standardized, strict division of labor was carried out, and the professional qualifications were mainstreamed according to the business. The professional employees appreciated the new business-like management, but discovered that their opportunities for creative work were diminished with decreasing resources and a new project management pattern.

IMPORTANCIA DE LA POSVENTA EN LA MEZCLA DE MERCADEO ACTUAL

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Ana Prieto Sánchez

2007-07-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la importancia de la postventa en la mezcla de mercadeo actual. Para lograr este propósito, se utilizó el método de la interpretación de los significados de la información, se llama información a los “datos” recolectados a través de la investigación documental. Se consultaron autores como: Cancer (2005, Kotler (2005, Reyes (2005,Villar (1997, Walther (1997. Con el resultado de la aplicación de este método se procedió a presentar los aspectos relevantes de la investigación: necesidad de la postventa, atención al cliente, postventa como estrategia competitiva, para finalmente plantear un nuevo modelo de organización de postventa.

75 FR 42432 - Northern Natural Gas Company, Southern Natural Gas Company, Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-21

... Natural Gas Company, Southern Natural Gas Company, Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC, Transcontinental... abandonment of facilities by Northern Natural Gas Company, Southern Natural Gas Company, Florida Gas... resources, fisheries, and wetlands; Cultural resources; Vegetation and wildlife; Endangered and threatened...

Fostering Entrepreneurial Learning On-the-Job: Evidence from Innovative Small and Medium-Sized Companies in Europe

Science.gov (United States)

Baggen, Yvette; Lans, Thomas; Biemans, Harm J. A.; Kampen, Jarl; Mulder, Martin

2016-01-01

As economies become more innovation-driven, the need for entrepreneurial behaviour amongst employees working for existing companies increases in order to enhance the organisations' capacity to develop new ideas, products and services. Hence, entrepreneurial learning and the development of entrepreneurial competencies of employees on-the-job become…

Waste minimisation in a hard chromiun plating Small Medium Enterprise (SME).

Science.gov (United States)

Viguri, J R; Andrés, A; Irabien, A

2002-01-01

The high potential of waste stream minimisation in the metal finishing sector justifies specific studies of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). In this work, the minimisation options of the wastes generated in a hard chromium plating activity have been analysed. The study has been performed in a small job shop company, which works in batch mode with big pieces. A process flowsheet after connecting the unit operations and determining the process inputs (raw and secondary materials) and outputs (waste streams) has been carried out. The main properties, quantity and current management of the waste streams have been shown. The obvious lack of information has been identified and finally the waste minimisation options that could be adopted by the company have been recorded.

Importancia económica de los bosques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yolanda Chamberlain

2011-09-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, la población mundial ha adquirido mayor conciencia sobre la importancia de los bosques y su relación con la calidad de vida de las personas. A pesar de lo anterior, la tala indiscriminada continúa y se siguen realizando proyectos que afectan la flora y la fauna de las selvas, sobre todo, en los países menos desarrollados que explotan estos recursos como materia prima.En Costa Rica se ha tratado de mantener cierto control sobre los bosques. Por ejemplo, el 16 de abril de 1996 se publicó en el Diario Oficial La Gaceta, la Ley Forestal No.7575. Dicha Ley dispone una serie de medidas para la conservación de las áreas de protección y de reserva forestal. En el primer caso, se estipulan las distancias requeridas para la protección de las nacientes permanentes, las riberas de ríos, las quebradas o arroyos, las riberas de los lagos y los embalses naturales, las áreas de recarga acuífera y otros. En estas áreas, por ejemplo, no se podrá realizar ningún tipo de construcción ni autorizarse la tala de árboles.

Are companies in the Czech Republic ready to implement IFRS for SMEs?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucie Bartůňková

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The process of integration and globalization is closely related to the need for harmonization of accounting at international level. In this connection International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS have been developed, which are primarily designed for companies whose securities are traded on regulated markets of the European Union. However, as the importance of small and medium-sized entities has been recently on the increase, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB also issued after five years of effort in July 2009 the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS for SMEs. At present, there is no legislation for the application of this standard in the Czech Republic or any other state of the European Union. Each jurisdiction must determine whether to adopt IFRS for SMEs, to what extent and for which entities the standard is mandatory and for which it is not. Already in previous years the European Commission analyzed data from surveys on this new standard and discussed its advantages and disadvantages. To date, however, it has not taken a single decision on whether to adopt and incorporate the standard into the European accounting legislation. The question also remains what attitude towards IFRS for SMEs companies operating in the Czech Republic will take. That is why this paper analyzes the opinions of some Czech companies belonging to the group of SMEs on the potential adoption of this standard.

Importancia del marketing digital para las pymes colombianas orientadas a los negocios internacionales

OpenAIRE

Hernández Camacho, Darlly Yuranny; Silva, Juan Manuel

2013-01-01

Este trabajo sigue una secuencia progresiva de lo general, teórico y estratégico a lo específico, práctico y táctico. Así, en primer lugar se hace una introducción a las concepciones del marketing a nivel general, con el fin de introducir al lector en la materia y valorar su importancia, abarcando algunos factores clave que han producido en los últimos años una innovación en los negocios internacionales. This thesis follows a progressive sequence from a general, theoretical and strategic p...

Importancia del manual de los sistemas contables en el sistema de control interno.

OpenAIRE

Nicolás Valdés Rodríguez

2007-01-01

La dirección administrativa del país en los últimos 3 años ha insistido en la necesidad de profundizar en los mecanismos de control económico –financiero de las entidades, el presente trabajo va dirigido a contribuir en alguna medida a lograr ese propósito. El sistema contable de una Entidad forma parte indisoluble del Sistema de Control Interno de la misma, por la vinculación tan estrecha que existe entre los mismos. El objetivo fundamental del trabajo ”Importancia del Manual de ...

75 FR 13524 - Northern Natural Gas Company, Southern Natural Gas Company, Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-22

... Natural Gas Company, Southern Natural Gas Company, Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC, Transcontinental... notice that on March 5, 2010, Northern Natural Gas Company (Northern Natural), 1111 South 103rd Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68124- 1000, filed on behalf of itself and other owners, Southern Natural Gas Company...

Content Marketing for Small/Medium Online Re-tailers: Case Lamnia

OpenAIRE

Ngo, Mai

2015-01-01

The aim of the study was to acquire a deeper knowledge of content marketing, its relevance to small and medium online retailing businesses, and to examine the implementation of content marketing strategy by the case company. The research is done in parallel with the case company’s marketing development activities, thus it also determines the effectiveness of different content marketing tactics that were used. The data for the theoretical part of this thesis was collected from secondary da...

ANALYSIS OF ROMANIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES BANKRUPTCY RISK

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Kulcsar Edina

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Considering the fundamental role of small and medium enterprises in Romanian economy, this paper aims to quantify the level of their bankruptcy risk for 2009 and 2012 period, after debuting of financial crisis. The main reason of selecting this type of companies is that they represent the backbone of national economy. They have an indispensable role, because they offer jobs for great part of population and their contribution for GDP stimulation is considerable. In this paper it was applied two default risk models, namely the well known Altman’s Z-score model, based on five financial ratios and a bankruptcy predictor model developed by Teti et. al (2012 used firstly exclusively for Italian small and medium-sized enterprise for 2006-2009 period. The model proposed by Teti et. is based on the investigation of financially distressed and financially non-distressed Italian small and medium-sized enterprises during the financial crisis by using a discriminant analysis model. They conclude that there are four financial ratios, which characterized well the small and medium-sized enterprises bankruptcy risk. These variables are financial ratios, like: Debt/Total Assets, Return on Sales (ROS, EBIT/Interest Expenses and Working capital/EBIDTA. They consider that small and medium-sized enterprises require a particular approach in terms of bankruptcy risk analysis. In present study I try to compare the efficiency of traditional bankruptcy risk model with a small and medium-sized specific model. The necessary database for present analysis is ensured by simplified financial reports of 120 small and medium-sized enterprises registered in Bihor County. The selected enterprises are operating in manufacturing industry (21,67% and trading (78,33%. Present investigation has an important value in actual economic background, where the healthiness and sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises is a great issue. The results of study shows contradictory

Supply Chain adoption in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Juhl, Mathias Thim; Bernon, Mike

Purpose: The importance of having a competitive supply chain strategy is not to be underestimated (Underwood & Agg 2012; Aronow et al. 2014). Despite the importance of creating strong supply chain capabilities, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) find it difficult to implement supply chain...... and customer needs. Research Approach: An exploratory case study of five small and medium sized manufacturing companies was undertaken using in-depth interviews and business reports. Combined with relevant literature, the case study interviews provide basis for a discussion on the current adoption of supply...... needs and a low interaction in the supply chain, to having an “outside-in” perspective (Day & Moorman 2013) and development of capabilities that support long-term competitive advantage. The case studies revealed two significant factors to support consistency between supply chain capabilities...

The E-Commerce solutions for Small and Medium Enterprises

OpenAIRE

Aditya M Salya

2010-01-01

Studies have shown that small and medium enterprises have embraced e-commerce to strengthen their competitive. The e-commerce is supposed to be useful in reaching out to markets. In this case of the best distro companies in Bandung, Indonesia: unkl347 and ouvalresearch that focus on selling apparel and clothing for teen segment. In this paper, we discuss findings from the support and barriers of e-commerce to entry the market, How social media such as: Google and face book could help their bu...

Diseño y prueba de un cuestionario sobre la importancia percibida de las condiciones de trabajo en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Porfirio Tamayo-Contreras

2016-09-01

Full Text Available La percepción de la importancia que el empleado otorga a los distintos aspectos de su trabajo es una base de la representación social que tiene de la empresa en la que labora y de las actitudes hacia su trabajo, como la intención de abandono, que también se relacionan con aspectos no controlables por la empresa. El propósito de este estudio fue diseñar y probar un cuestionario para medir la importancia que los trabajadores conceden a los aspectos laborales e identificar su relación con la intención de abandonar la organización. El cuestionario se aplicó a 447 trabajadores (282 hombres y 165 mujeres de empresas exportadoras de calzado de la ciudad de León, Guanajuato, México. Mediante un análisis factorial se identificaron cinco factores; la consistencia interna fue adecuada en todos los casos y la discriminación de todos los ítems resultó en la dirección esperada. La percepción sobre los factores del trabajo varió en importancia y no se relacionó con la intención de abandono, aunque un aspecto no controlable por la empresa (mejor salario reveló indicios de una relación sobre la intención de abandono.

Importancia de los lipopéptidos de Bacillus subtilis en el control biológico de enfermedades en cultivos de gran valor económico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Franklin Eduardo Sánchez Pila

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Se determinaron los avances en el control biológico de enfermedades en cultivos de importancia económica, en donde Bacillus subtilis tiene un rol preponderante, puesto que sus lipopéptidos demuestran su efectividad al momento de controlar un rango muy amplio de enfermedades que atacan a los cultivos de mayor importancia en nuestro país y en el mundo. En los tres cultivos analizados se dan detalles de la efectividad de Basillus subtilis para el control de las enfermedades más devastadoras. En Magnaporthe ryzae se determina que la severidad puede ser detenida con gran efectividad, por lo que será necesario ampliar la experimentación hacia la protección de la semilla del arroz. Para Rhizoctonia solani los resultados exhibidos son muy alentadores. Esta enfermedad es de mucha importancia no solo en el cultivo de papas, sino que en toda la variedad de solanáceas y leguminosas cultivadas principalmente en el callejón interandino. En tanto que para Mycosphaerella fijiensis se detallan excelentes resultados ante un patógeno extremadamente agresivo y que su control trae grandes impactos en la población y en el ambiente. Ante lo manifestado el Bacillus subtilis se perfila como uno de los principales agentes biocontroladores para lograr un correcto manejo fitosanitario de los cultivos de mayor importancia en nuestro medio.

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CAPACITIES AND THE BORN GLOBAL COMPANIES DOI: 10.5585/riae.v8i1.1629

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Soledad Etchebarne López

2009-08-01

Full Text Available International business transactions have increased in recent years, triggered by the opening up of markets and the development of information technologies and communications, especially in the cases of small and medium enterprises. In this context, a new type of company is emerging: the so-called 'born global' companies. These organizations have an international profile since their birth, and have not gone through the traditional evolutionary pattern of internationalization.  This article describes the theories that explain this new phenomenon, the main features of these new companies and their relationship with information technology (IT, which allows them to generate competitive advantages when entering the international market.

Influence of product innovations on financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jakub Tabas

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objective of this article is to determine possible effect of product innovations on the financial performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Czech Republic. The pilot research has been realized on the statistical sample of 100 companies which were categorized into three basic groups; service companies, trade companies, and production companies. As the measure of innovation effect, the authors applied the deviation of production power, i.e. the ration of EBIT to assets, of a business entity from the industry average while the industry average of production power was selected especially in order to reduce the influence of the economy cycles. In the three categories of companies, different effects of product innovations have been observed. In the service companies and trade companies, the positive effect is limited because of potential simplicity of imitation by competitors. More positive effect of product innovations has been observed in production companies which can protect the products or production processes better then service companies or trade companies where the product innovations are mostly connected with extension of extension of services portfolio offered. For the conclusion, the authors provide suppositions and designs for their future research in this problem of innovations’ effectiveness measurement.

Development of small and medium reactors for power and heat production

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Becka, J.

1978-01-01

Data are given on the current state of development of small and medium-power reactors designed mainly for electric power production in small power grids, for heat production for small- and medium-power desalination plants with possible electric power generation, for process steam production and heat development for district heating systems, again combined with electric power generation, and for propelling big and fast passenger ships. A diagram is shown of the primary system of an integrated PWR derived from the Otto Hahn reactor. The family is listed of the standard sizes of the integral INTERATOM company pressurized water reactors. Also listed are the specifications and design of CAS 2CG and AS 3G type reactors used mainly for long-distance heating systems. (J.B.)

The Financial Performance of the Companies Approached from the Perspective of Commercial Banks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirela SICHIGEA (GANEA

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Assessment of financial performance of a company aims at highlighting the economic potential and its financial capacity to generate future cash flow. To support the granting of a loan any commercial banking institution goes through several steps of the formal and informal analysis of the applicant. Within the analysis takes into account a system of indicators charactering the last and future performance of the company. The paper presents the steps taken by a commercial bank in the lending process with customizing the system of indicators used by Raiffeisen Bank in characterizing the financial performance of businesses ranging from small and medium enterprises (SMEs.

SAFER - Company Snapshot - SAFER - Company Snapshot

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Transportation — The Company Snapshot is a concise electronic record of company identification, size, commodity information, and safety record, including the safety rating (if any),...

Proposal of a method for formulating strategy in small and medium enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luís Henrique Piovezan

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Strategy models found in the literature are usually more suitable for big companies. However, small and medium enterprises (SME also need to plan their strategies, but in such a way that considers their peculiarities. In this context, this paper presents a simple method for strategy formulation and deployment in SME. This method was developed through a sequence of cases studies, developed in small companies (10 to 500 employees. The final version of this method is a seven-step framework that considers both business environment and firm core competencies. The final aim is the alignment of business and manufacturing strategies. This framework can be considered suitable for SME, since it is simple and allows saving time and scarce available resources for strategy formulation, both important issues in this kind of enterprises. Finally, a case study is presented, encompassing the analysis of the application of the final version of the method in a small Brazilian company. Key-words: Competitive Strategy, Small Business Strategy, Manufacturing Strategy.

To work in a medium-size enterprise in the nuclear sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Le Ngoc, B.

2017-01-01

The French nuclear industry is made up of 2500 enterprises of any size from family businesses to large groups via medium-sized enterprises and start-ups. Most small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulties to recruit qualified people whereas their order books are full. These difficulties originate from the fact that these enterprises are less known than EDF, AREVA and CEA and as a consequence less chosen by job applicants. There is another point, the image of the industry has progressively deteriorated and the idea of working in an industrial sector is no more very exciting. The last point is that nuclear industry's future may appear less clear because of the government's policy of reducing the nuclear share in power production through the early decommissioning of reactors. 3 medium-size enterprises of the nuclear sector: Assystem, REEL and Onet Technologies consider to recruit a total of about 800 people per year and give 4 reasons to join a medium-sized company: 1) a faster professional career, more diverse activities in the job, closer managing executives and a dynamic and stimulating workplace. (A.C.)

Hybrid neural intelligent system to predict business failure in small-to-medium-size enterprises.

Science.gov (United States)

Borrajo, M Lourdes; Baruque, Bruno; Corchado, Emilio; Bajo, Javier; Corchado, Juan M

2011-08-01

During the last years there has been a growing need of developing innovative tools that can help small to medium sized enterprises to predict business failure as well as financial crisis. In this study we present a novel hybrid intelligent system aimed at monitoring the modus operandi of the companies and predicting possible failures. This system is implemented by means of a neural-based multi-agent system that models the different actors of the companies as agents. The core of the multi-agent system is a type of agent that incorporates a case-based reasoning system and automates the business control process and failure prediction. The stages of the case-based reasoning system are implemented by means of web services: the retrieval stage uses an innovative weighted voting summarization of self-organizing maps ensembles-based method and the reuse stage is implemented by means of a radial basis function neural network. An initial prototype was developed and the results obtained related to small and medium enterprises in a real scenario are presented.

La educación ambiental y su importancia en la relación sustentable: Hombre-Naturaleza- Territorio

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Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Promover la importancia de la educación ambiental en el fortalecimiento de la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio en 8 niños y niñas observadores de aves de la primaria María Berchmans. Metodología. Entre agosto y noviembre del 2015 desarrollé un estudio de caso basado en el aprendizaje vivencial, social y experiencial, que se dividió en dos fases en las que se encontraban 19 actividades clasificadas dentro de siete categorías. Resultados. El desarrollo tanto de habilidades cognitivas “duras” como de habilidades socioemocionales “blandas” exponiendo diferentes ambientes educacionales, incentiva un aprendizaje activo que fortalece la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio. Conclusión. La generación de una conciencia de conservación ambiental al contemplar la importancia de la educación escolar en la relación Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio lleva a la apropiación de la biodiversidad (natural-cultural y a generar aprendizajes significativos.

How does a medium-sized enterprise shape an environmental strategy: a case study in two companies from Bogotá, Colombia Colombia

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Luisa Fernanda Latorre Carrillo

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Rev.esc.adm.neg This research study is based on Mintzberg´s theories (emerging and deliberate strategies as well as on Strategy as Practice. These theories are contrasted with the study outcomes of a multiple descriptive case done in two PyMES which are part of an Environmental Management Program of the Local Environmental Office of Bogota. This Case Study involved a service company and a production company which applied participative observation and a semi- structure interview as methods used to collect data. The authors accompanied both companies in the process of designing a strategic environmental plan, collecting information which revealed that the applied strategies were deliberate, led by middle manage-ment and arose as an answer to pressures exerted by the most stakeholders for the company. The results of this study showed the applicability of these conceptual frameworks to Colombian contexts and represented an important support to the study of environmental strategies in such contexts.

DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN POLAND

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Joanna Szwacka-Mokrzycka

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The private sector, dominated by small and medium enterprises (SME, has been rapidly developing in Poland. Small and medium enterprises are defined as economic entities hiring not more than 250 employees and have turnovers lower than 50 million euros per year. The functioning of small and medium enterprises supports a decrease in unemployment, contributes to introduction of innovative operations and products as well as significantly influences GDP generation. The SME sector faces many barriers limiting their development. They include mainly social, financial and law barriers. Operations of the Polish Agency for Enterprise Development, Academic Business Incubators and other entities support small entrepreneurship. Recently, marketing in small and medium enterprises has particularly influenced their survival. A marketing programme consists of four elements a product, price, distribution, and promotion and is described as the marketing mix. In the paper, results of research in randomly selected enterprises of the SME sector are presented. The aim of the research was to diagnose a range of marketing operations’ use in these companies. The conducted research displays that marketing activity is used mainly for promotion in the investigated enterprises and to a small extent for managing a product’s portfolio in a firm. 

Assessing the financial positions of Ontario's new electricity companies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Connell, T. (Standard and Poor' s, Toronto, ON (Canada))

1999-01-01

This paper describes the methodology, including the criteria factors, comparable ratings and key credit issues used in assessing the financial positions of Ontario Power Generation Inc., and the Ontario Hydro Services Company. The rating criteria factors include both business factors (such as ownership structure, regulation, service area, operations, management, etc.,) and financial factors (e.g. financial policies and guidelines, recent financial performance, margin analysis, capital structure and borrowing plans, financial projections and sensitivities). Key credit issues include considerations of competitive dynamics, nuclear portfolio performance (for Genco), regulatory changes, cost control, capital spending program, retail business exposure, future financial performance. Comparisons are made with corresponding positions of comparable entities in Australia, Finland, New Zealand, the UK, and the USA. In the case of Ontario Power Generation Inc., the company is assessed to have significant advantages initially, but various uncertainties over the medium term warrant a more cautious view of the credit profile. For the Ontario Hydro Services Company the business risks appear to be low and moderate leverage entails a strong, stable credit profile. The overall assessment of the two companies is that while certain questions such as the workability and credibility of the new industry structure, the problem of stranded debt and questions about the liquidity of market participants remain unsolved, Ontario Power Generation Inc., and the Ontario Hydro Services Company ratings compare favorably with ratings of global industry peers.

Business competitiveness in the small and medium-sized enterprises of the manufacturing sector in Baja California

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Manuel Alejandro Ibarra Cisneros

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this research is to determine the competitiveness level of the manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs of Baja California and to identify which areas within them affect this competitiveness. The methodology used is descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional; the systemic competitiveness model is developed at the micro level, and a measurement instrument with 64 questions is used on 195 companies in the state; in addition, traditional multiple linear regressions are performed to test the hypotheses. One of the findings is that the SMEs in the state have a medium-low competitiveness level and do not show any relationship between the size of the companies and their competitiveness; however, the production-operations area prove to be more important for their competitiveness level. Although the measurement instrument that is used has no proportionality at the municipality and subsector level, it does allow us to approach the internal operation of the SMEs.

Importancia de la potencia y la hipótesis en el valor p

OpenAIRE

Cortés Martínez, Jordi; Casals, Martí; Langohr, Klaus; González Alastrué, José Antonio

2015-01-01

Los lectores de Medicina Clínica conocen bien la importancia de definir bien el denominador de una proporción para estimar una probabilidad: “No es lo mismo la probabilidad de que un católico sea Papa que la de que un Papa sea católico”. De forma similar, en un diagnóstico, no es lo mismo la probabilidad de que un enfermo dé positivo (sensibilidad), que la de que un caso que ha dado positivo esté enfermo (valor predictivo de un positivo). El valor p (o valor de p, o p-valor, o simplement...

76 FR 41142 - Special Conditions; Cessna Aircraft Company Model M680 Airplane; Lithium-ion Battery Installations

Science.gov (United States)

2011-07-13

... Company Model M680 Airplane; Lithium-ion Battery Installations AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... design feature associated with Lithium-ion batteries. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not...) T00012WI for installation of Lithium-ion batteries in the Model 680. The Model 680 is a twin-engine, medium...

Knowledge management as a support mechanism for improving software programmes in micro, small and medium-sized companies

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Joanna Capote

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Organisations have been forced to change their philosophy due to the vast amount of information made available when running software process improvement (SPI programmes and working in a way leading to maintaining and converting this information into knowledge in order to adapt and integrate changes quickly and thereby ensuring re-maining in the competitive market. This article presents some of the most significant antecedents in defining and im-plementing knowledge management (KM in SPI programmes which have been adapted for use in small software companies, as such management represents a philosophy of true organisational capital for companies involved in software improvement projects. The advisability of implementing KM in SPI programmes or projects arising from pri-mary knowledge management targets is analysed, as is its adaptation for such projects according to identified needs, especially related to documenting and manipulating tangible and intangible products produced in an SPI pro-gramme.

Construction and application of an indicator system to assess the ergonomic performance of large and medium-sized construction companies.

Science.gov (United States)

Bezerra, Isabela Xavier Barbalho; de Carvalho, Ricardo José Matos

2012-01-01

This article proposes a system of indicators to evaluate the performance of companies in ergonomics for buildings. The system was developed based primarily on studies related to the performance evaluation of the construction industry and on Brazilian standards of ergonomics and work safety and had also the contribution of national and international indicators related to ergonomics, work safety, quality, sustainability, quality of work life and to organizational behavior. The indicators were named, classified and their components were assigned to compose the theoretical model SIDECE--System of Performance Indicators in Ergonomics for Building Construction (as for the Portuguese acronym), serving the major goals of ergonomics: health, safety and workers' satisfaction and production efficiency. The SIDECE is being validated along with the building construction companies in the city of Natal, Brazil, whose practical results, deriving from the application of instruments to collect field data, are under process, to be presented on the occasion of the 18th World Congress on Ergonomics. It is intended that the SIDECE be used by building construction companies as a support tool for excellence management.

[Management practices in medium-sized private hospitals in São Paulo, Brazil].

Science.gov (United States)

Brito, Luiz Artur Ledur; Malik, Ana Maria; Brito, Eliane; Bulgacov, Sergio; Andreassi, Tales

2017-04-03

Traditional management practices are sometimes considered merely a necessary condition for superior performance. Other resources and competencies with higher barriers to imitation are assumed to be potential sources of competitive advantage. This study describes and analyzes the effect of traditional management practices on the performance of medium-sized hospitals. Medium-sized companies frequently display the greatest differences in management practices, and only recently did the hospital sector seek ways to develop its competitiveness in the administrative arena. The results generally indicate that basic management practices can make differences in performance, offering support for the new practice-based view (PBV). Hospitals with the highest rate of adoption of practices had the highest occupancy rate, hospital-bed admissions, and accreditation. Lack of adoption of management practices by medium-sized hospitals limits their competitive capacity and can be viewed as a component of the so-called Brazil cost, but in this case an internal component.

CONDITIONS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN COMPANIES AND NGOs IN THE FIELD OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACTIVITIES: THE POLISH CASES

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Rafał Drewniak

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Corporate social responsibility (CSR is becoming an increasingly popular area of activity of companies which are interested in not only the managers or owners, but also customers, suppliers, NGOs, administrative and other stakeholders groups. The analysis aim is to present CSR initiatives as part of deliberate strategy of the company, which is one of the key sources of competitive advantage in the market. The findings concern the scope of cooperation between companies and NGOs in the field of socially responsible activities. The analysis indicates that the expected form of cooperation of NGOs with small businesses is to provide financial assistance to social organizations. However, in the case of medium-sized enterprises, these expectations also apply to material support. Moreover, in the case of medium-sized enterprises a key determinant of cooperation with social organization is realization of the social objective, while small businesses are more guided by "goodness of the heart". Considerations based on the identification of scope of CSR, are pointing to the key aspects of this activity to the company, the environment and customers. Discussions were extended to the characteristics of the benefits, barriers and forms of the cooperation, as well as, there were presented the results of research in the field of forms and determinants of such cooperation. Considerations are based on secondary sources, from national and international journals, books, magazines and specialist reports.

Importancia del apoyo familiar en el control de la glucemia

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RODRÍGUEZ-MORÁN MARTHA

1997-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar la importancia del apoyo familiar en el control de la glucemia en diabéticos no insulino dependientes. Material y métodos. Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles, considerando como casos a los pacientes con glucemia o = 140 mg/dl. El apoyo familiar se determinó con el cuestionario Environmental Barriers to Adherence Scales, que estima el apoyo otorgado para que el paciente siga las indicaciones terapéuticas. Se incluyeron 32 casos y 50 controles. Resultados. El apoyo familiar que recibe el paciente se asocia significativamente a la presencia de glucemia <140 mg/dl (razón de momios = 3.9; IC95% 1.4-11.1. Las demás variables no mostraron asociación significativa. Conclusiones. El apoyo familiar que reciben los enfermos influye en el control de la glucemia.

[Company health promotion as a possible preparatory stage of effective rehabilitation].

Science.gov (United States)

Köpke, K-H

2012-01-01

In Section 20a of Book 5 of the German Social Code (SGB V), the legislator obliged the health insurance funds to carry out company health promotion in cooperation with the accident insurance agency in charge. He thus created a foundation for more health and secure earnings or employment potential in the companies. At the same time company health promotion permits detecting threats to this potential. That helps to identify a possible need for rehabilitation at an earlier stage and to take appropriate action.To verify whether and how this instrument of preventive health policy is being used, an empirical study explored the actual application of that legal provision in small and medium-sized enterprises in particular. The law, administrative measures and company everyday evidence were set against each other under legal and de facto aspects, which showed obvious deficits in applying the law. Proposals for better company health promotion are derived from these findings. In the first place, actors in administration and self-management of the statutory health and accident insurance schemes are addressed to this end, in anticipation of enhanced implementation. A premature reduction of earning capacity could thus be counteracted. Pension insurants could retain gainful employment for a longer time, companies would have a more reliable employee basis. Social insurance carriers, notably the health and pension insurance schemes, would have to spend less in the end. A development like that would be a benefit for all--including the state. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Importancia de los aspectos psicosociales en la enfermedad celíaca

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Trini Fragoso Arbelo

2002-06-01

Full Text Available Se revisan los conceptos clínicos actuales sobre la enfermedad celíaca. Se definen con precisión los términos enfermedad celíaca activa, silente, latente y potencial. Se enfatiza en los aspectos psicosociales que influyen en su tratamiento y se trazan pautas generales acerca del manejo integral de los pacientes afectados, dada la importancia de la dieta sin gluten de por vida como único tratamiento.The current clinical concepts of celiac disease are reviewed. The terms active, silent, latent and potential related to celiac disease are accurately defined. Emphasis is made on the psychosocial aspects influencing its treatment and general guidelines are drawn on the comprehensive management of the patients suffering from this disease, given the importance of diet without gluten as the only lifelong treatment.

THE SOCIAL MEDIA IMPACT ON SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED BUSINESSES

OpenAIRE

Mihai Alexandru Constantin Logofatu

2012-01-01

This paper aims to be a short introduction to social media and discusses on few ways in which small and medium sized businesses in Romania can take advantage of this hot topic. Through the use of social media every company can reach a global audience with less effort, time and money. In a world shaped more and more around social platforms the customer behaviour has completely and forever changed and those leaders and organizations that understand and embrace this new type of communication, co...

In Good Company : When Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Acquire Multiplex Knowledge from Key Commercial Partners

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bojica, Ana Maria; Estrada Vaquero, Isabel; del Mar Fuentes-Fuentes, Maria

2018-01-01

This study explores the specific conditions under which key strategic alliances of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with commercial partners can become multiplex in knowledge exchange. Using survey data from a sample of 150 Spanish SMEs in the information and communication technology (ICT)

LA HIDROXIAPATITA, SU IMPORTANCIA EN LOS TEJIDOS MINERALIZADOS Y SU APLICACIÓN BIOMÉDICA

OpenAIRE

Margarita Victoria García-Garduño; José Reyes-Gasga

2006-01-01

La hidroxiapatita en los tejidos mineralizados reviste una gran importancia ya que se ha demostrado que es un material biocompatible, con aplicación biomédica en Odontología, Ortopedia y Cirugía Máxilofacial. Es el cristal principal de huesos y dientes ya que les confiere su dureza característica y, acompañado por la colágena, los huesos presentan determinada elasticidad. En la naturaleza se le encuentra formando parte de rocas metamórficas. En los tejidos vivos, la hidroxiapatita y sus precu...

A Case Study on Improving the Process of Desicion Making in Industrial Companies

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Valdas Bernatavičius

2011-02-01

Full Text Available The article deals with small and medium-sized industrial enterprises and looks into problems about the process of decision making in order to optimize the cost of enterprises within critical financial times. The article focuses on the theoretical models for decision making and presents the analysis of metal processing company „X“ to disclose multiple factors that have an influence on successful processes of selecting and making decisions. The paper also describes the theoretical decision-making model for optimizing company's costs on the basis of which decision-making processes should be moved to e-environment which may assist in improving the overall decision-making procedures in small enterprises.Article in Lithuanian

NEW APPROACHES TO CUSTOMER BASE SEGMENTATION FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meleancă Raluca-Cristina

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The primary purpose of this paper is to explore current praxis and theory related to customer segmentation and to offer an approach which is best suited for small and medium sized enterprises. The proposed solution is the result of an exploratory research aiming to recognize the main variables which influence the practice of segmenting the customer base and to study the most applied alternatives available for all types of enterprises. The research has been performed by studying a large set of secondary data, scientific literature and case studies regarding smaller companies from the European Union. The result of the research consists in an original approach to customer base segmentation, which combines aspects belonging to different well spread practices and applies them to the specific needs of a small or medium company, which typically has limited marketing resources in general and targeted marketing resources in particular. The significance of the proposed customer base segmentation approach lies in the fact that, even though smaller enterprises are in most economies the greatest in number compared to large companies, most of the literature on targeting practices has focused primarily on big companies dealing with a very large clientele, while the case of the smaller companies has been to some extent unfairly neglected. Targeted marketing is becoming more and more important for all types of companies nowadays, as a result of technology advances which make targeted communication easier and less expensive than in the past and also due to the fact that broad-based media have decreased their impact over the years. For a very large proportion of smaller companies, directing their marketing budgets towards targeted campaigns is a clever initiative, as broad based approaches are in many cases less effective and much more expensive. Targeted marketing stratagems are generally related to high tech domains such as artificial intelligence, data mining

IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALITATIVE RULES IN COMPANY`S INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

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Anna WOLNOWSKA

2012-07-01

Full Text Available In the article there were presented chosen issues of quality management. Important role of information and work processes in companies were emphasized . Based on eight rules of quality management, TQM standards and ideas of discipline pioneers like Deming, Juran, Crosby and Shewart, author has constructed way of using chosen rules and assumptions to company`s information circulation. Analogy, suggested by author, has not only emphasized importance of information as a company`s resource, but also has pointed to possibility of improving ways of managing this information.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COLLABORATION INTER-COMPANIES: EXPERIENCES OF LOGISTIC PROCESSES IN THE INDUSTRIES OF THE ELECTRONIC VALLEY OF MINAS GERAIS – BRAZIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osmar Vieira de Souza Filho

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to evaluate aspects of logistics management in companies in a cluster, with interest in the analysis of logistics strategies based in integration and collaboration amongst the companies of the cluster. It was found that the logistics strategies are individual and companies do not search for alignment in their strategies. Thus, they fail to exploit the potential synergies arising from geographic proximity and similarity of operational processes. This attitude helps to inhibit the formation of partnerships, associations and cooperation between the companies, which could be an adequate strategy to overcome the weaknesses and deficiencies of small and medium enterprises acting individually.

Importancia de los estudios fisiológicos en los cultivos de flores de exportación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Orozco de Amézquita Martha

1992-12-01

Full Text Available La Fisiologla Vegetal estudia el funcionamiento de las plantas y los procesos vitales que regulan su crecimiento, desarrollo y producción. En últimas, las respuestas de los vegetales dependen de lo que ocurre a nivel molecular, de organelos subcelulares, de células, de tejidos y órganos y de las
interrelaciones entre ellos, todo ésto modulado por
las condiciones ambientales. De la anterior definición, se deduce la importancia que tiene la investigación de los procesos fisiológicos en el desarrollo de la floricultura. En la actualidad, el manejo de plantas productoras de flores bajo
invernadero en la Sabana de Bogotá está basado en el interés de los floricultores por mejorar y aumentar
la calidad de la producción, lo cual ha originado un importante conocimiento emplrico, acompañado del empleo de técnicas recomendadas por expertos internacionales, que han suplido
los requerimientos necesarios para la producción. Por lo anterior, Arbeláez (1985 opina que un aspecto de vital importancia en el desarrollo futuro de la industria de flores será el poder contar con investigación suficiente que genere la tecnologla adecuada a las necesidades y condiciones colombianas.

Importancia de la educación para la salud bucal en niños escolares

OpenAIRE

Rossitto, Franco Luciano

2017-01-01

En conjunto con los alumnos de OPS de la Facultad de Odontología, en la localidad de Lisandro Olmos, se llevaron a cabo charlas educativas con el fin de enseñar y concientizar a los niños en su primera etapa escolar sobre la importancia que tiene el cuidado de nuestra salud bucal, como se debe realizar una prevención adecuada y a la vez con la intención de que se transmita lo aprendido a futuras generaciones.

O Estrategista da Micro, Pequena e Média Empresa Privada BrasileiraThe Strategist of Micro, Small and Medium Brazilian Private CompanyEl Estratega de la Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa Privada de Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

FONTES FILHO, Joaquim Rubens

2010-09-01

Full Text Available RESUMOA importância das micro, pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras (MPME para o desenvolvimento econômico e geração de empregos não tem encontrado paralelo no que tange à produção de teorias no campo da estratégia, consideradas as limitações da capacidade de ação das MPMEs e das idiossincrasias de seus líderes. Este artigo busca contribuir para a compreensão dos processos de formação das estratégias nessas empresas segundo a natureza do pensamento estratégico dos líderes-estrategistas e com base no comportamento declarado, adotando como referência a taxonomia das estratégias genéricas e dos processos cognitivos de tomada de decisão e pensamento estratégico. Tem como objetivo propor uma tipologia que permita compreender a natureza do pensamento estratégico desses gestores, identificando suas principais dimensões características e propondo instrumento que permita sua categorização e comparação. A aplicação de survey com amostra intencional formada por 70 estrategistas permitiu o uso de análise fatorial para construção das categorias e escala, e a observação que, no universo de estrategistas pesquisados no que tange a sua forma de pensar, a intuição é perspectiva complementar, não predominante, o caráter coletivo é acentuado na formação das estratégias, bem como a valorização do formalismo e a crença na importância de planejar e registrar as intenções.ABSTRACTThe importance of micro, small and medium size companies (MSMC to the economical development and job creation in the country hasn’t found parallel with respect to the production of theories in the strategy field, even considering the limited capacity of action of the MSMCs and the idiosyncrasies of their leaders. This article seeks to contribute to the understanding of the strategy formation processes in these companies by the nature of the strategic thinking of their strategists, having as reference the taxonomy of generic strategies

Employers' Attitudes on Hiring Workers with Intellectual Disabilities in Small and Medium Enterprises: An Italian Research

Science.gov (United States)

Zappella, Emanuela

2015-01-01

Employers play a significant role in the process of hiring workers with intellectual disability. Through an in-depth interview, this research aims to investigate the attitudes of 30 representatives of small and medium-sized Italian companies involved in a process of recruitment. The data were analyzed using a phenomenological approach. The results…

Non-governmental organizations and the sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises in Peru : an analysis of networks and discourses

OpenAIRE

Castro Aponte, W.V.

2013-01-01

The importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of employment and income generation has been recognized worldwide. In Peru, SMEs are responsible for 85% of the employment at the national level and they represent 98% of the total companies registered. Around 12% of SMEs, organized in associations, clusters, and cooperatives or as single companies, are dedicated to productive actives; the others are engaged in commercial and services activities. However, next to their po...

Success factors of agricultural company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Helena Chládková

2013-01-01

Full Text Available This paper focuses on developing a proposal to eliminate weaknesses in medium-sized farm and thus improving its market position. To determine the position of company’s products due to the competition, a BCG Matrix (Boston Consulting Group Matrix was used. Financial Ratio Analysis was used to identify company’s financial situation. With the help of the situational analysis of the company’s internal environment, success factors, strengths and weaknesses were defined. Further the proposals were designed to remove the selected weaknesses. In the farm was identified the following strengths: quality of managers, long-term and stable customer-supplier relationships, selling commodities at optimum moisture content and purity, the use of subsidies and high milk yield cows. A weakness was mainly breeding pigs, missing website, company profitability and obsolete buildings. Amongst others was suggested to create website for the farm.

La Vitamina D y su Importancia en la Salud Humana

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David Vásquez Awad

2013-09-01

Full Text Available En los últimos años, la vitamina D ha cobrado una importancia creciente en razón de que, además de sus beneficios reconocidos sobre el hueso, ha mostrado claros efectos benéficos en enfermedades crónicas, graves y altamente prevalentes como hipertensión, cáncer, síndrome metabólico,diabetes y esclerosis múltiple; igualmente, estados fisiológicos como el embarazo, la adolescencia y el envejecimiento se ven beneficiados, y sus eventuales adversidades mitigadas, si se mantienen niveles adecuados de 25 hidroxi-vitamina D que debieran estar en más de 40 ng/mL. Muy importante resulta entonces la suplementación con vitamina D en muchas situaciones fi siológicas o patológicas y en las dosis adecuadas, las cuales pueden situarse en el rango de 1000 a 2000 UI diarias, con la adherencia requerida para lograr los resultados óptimos que se persiguen.

Targeting overall equipment efficiency for small medium enterprises with irregular production system

Science.gov (United States)

Prasetyawan, Y.; Suef, M.; Claudia, L.; Handayani, F. D.

2018-04-01

Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is widely used to measure the maturity of a production system. The company will be considered as World Class Manufacturing if it reaches more than 85% value, with near perfect value for availability, performance and quality factor. This assessment is usually taken on industries with regular production times named shift system. A typical 8 hours shift system is used in OEE measurement and performance monitoring. There are few Small to Medium Enterprise (SME) perform regular production times with shift systems, others using irregular production systems. The irregular production time in the SME production system is used because of demand fluctuations. This paper shows a quantitative analysis as a part of manufacturing system design to achieve a specific value of OEE for SME with irregular production systems, for individual businesses as well as collective business systems (some companies use the same production facilities for several processes). The results of experiments on several companies are presented, as a basis for determining the technical strategy of achieving OEE values.

Previsional Dimension of Management in Romanian Companies

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Ion VERBONCU

2012-12-01

Full Text Available We will insist in our analysis on the managerial situation of the four types of firms defined by dimensional characteristics - micro, small, medium and large - working in almost all sectors: industries, trade, transport, agriculture, services, so on. Analysis of managerial viability refers to various fields, coming from the company’s feature of “management system”, as follows: strategies and policies, methodological, decisional, informational, organizational and human resource management, leadership, efficiency, effectiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of management system. For this purpose were used important information sources, such as: results of a special survey developed during August - October 2011, based on questionnaire, dedicated to managers and specialists from enterprises, trainers from higher education, researchers and management consultants; interviews’ results based on questionnaire of entrepreneurs and managers of SMEs with the occasion of achieving White Paper of SMEs in 2011, during March-April 2011; theoretical and pragmatic experience of the authors of this study and other members of Romanian Academic Management Society; authors’ involvement in management consultancy offered to companies over the past 22 years and literature from our country and abroad regarding management of Romanian companies.

The Influence Of Knowledge Management On Business Performance And Competitive Advantage In Riau Food Products On Small And Medium Enterprises In Pekan Baru

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Dra

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Knowledge-based economy requires organizations to be able to apply knowledge management to a company. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge management to business performance and competitive advantage in Riau food products on small and median enterprises. Mapping of conditions of knowledge management business performance competitive advantage in small and medium enterprises were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Any efforts to improve the effectiveness and performance of employees in a company or organization are important factors in improving the companys capacity of available intellectual capital.

Integration of electronic document management system with other systems in a company

OpenAIRE

Pintar, Matej

2016-01-01

This master's thesis presents specific model of integration between electronic document management system and other systems in a medium-sized company in Slovenia. The introduction part of the thesis begins with theoretical basis of the research, which is the integration of computer systems. The introduction part is folowed by presentation of a concrete electronic document management system EBA DMS. Central part of the master's thesis presents different methods of integration of electronic doc...

Societas Unius Personae – Proposal for a Directive on Single-Member Private Limited Liability Companies

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Dionis Jurić

2015-01-01

Full Text Available In 2014 European Commission composed Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on single-member private limited liability companies. The Proposal introduced Societas Unius Personae (SUP. It is variety of the single-member private limited liability company. The SUP is not a new supranational form of company. Member States shall ensure direct on-line registration for incorporation of the SUP with the compulsory use of the templates of Articles of Association and application for registration. The Proposal prescribes minimum capital requirement equivalent to one euro with the introduction of balance sheet test and solvency statement to protect creditors. The aim is removal of the barriers that exist in the national laws of the Member States in the establishment of subsidiaries in order to initiate cross-border business activities of small and medium enterprises.

FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE VERSUS NON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE. CASE STUDY AT ANTIBIOTICE TRADING COMPANY IASI

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Beleneºi Mãrioara

2012-07-01

Full Text Available The actual economical conditions, the effect of global crisis and the efforts to pass this turning point, does force trading companies toward an extremely balanced management of performance. Now, when financial indicators are neither so spectacular nor so relevant, and when the principles of a durable development are mentioned over and over, the exigencies of companies’ external environment are higher and higher. This reality does force the companies to pay more attention to social responsibilities’ assuming and investment into green innovation, as well as to the field of information’s communication in a relevant way, which should gather financial, social and environment information. The absence of a normalized balance of financial and non-financial indicators used in measuring companies’ global performance, does allow them selecting of “agreed” indicators which should reflect the company under the light of high performance. But, the same reason urges the searcher for some research studies of the most adequate diagnostic model of global performance, which should faithfully reflect company’s current status. The purpose of this study is to measure the global performance of ANTIBIOTICE Trading Company, taking into account, both financial and non-financial indicators for a period of 5 years. For the financial years 2006 and 2008 company’s global performance is an acceptable one, while for the financial years 2007, 2009 and 2010 the global performance is a medium one. It should be highlighted the lack of involvement or transparency regarding social and environment responsibility in 2006 and weak financial performance in 2008, indicators which positioned the company to an acceptable level.

La importancia de la visualización en el aprendizaje de conceptos matemáticos

OpenAIRE

Gatica, Stella Nora; Ares, Óscar Enrique

2012-01-01

En los últimos tiempos, el estudio de la visualización en el pensamiento matemático es objeto de numerosas investigaciones, en parte, posiblemente, debido al surgimiento de la computadora como un recurso didáctico para la comprensión de conceptos matemáticos. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre la importancia de poder relacionar e interpretar imágenes visuales (utilizando manipulables virtuales) con la información que está dada en forma simbólica. Presentamos una propuesta didá...

Strategic options for newly entering companies into the wine sector in the Czech Republic

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Radka Šperková

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Market environment is currently characterised by a constant dynamic development and changing conditions. The wine sector in the Czech Republic has passed and still passes through a number of changes which affect the decisions of business entities that are considering whether to enter the industry or not. The importance of strategic management is on the rise in this area as well as the significance of a company strategies creation which give the company the instructions how to use their distinctive ability and transform it into a competitive advantage. With regard to the distribution of market shares of each of the companies in the market, it is considered that the market will enter two different size firms, i.e. company A and B, in which the fundamental assumptions have been chosen so that they simulate two extreme examples of enterprises that might emerge in the market. The two chosen types of businesses are proposed recommendations focused on the most effective entry with the use of a methodological tool – GE Matrix (General Electric. For the micro-enterprise (company B it was a careful entry with minimising the entry investment, differentiation of production and subsequent gradual increase of the market share. For medium-sized enterprise (company A it means the need of high investments, primarily to the purchase of technology and marketing.

[Nutritional information of meals supplied by companies participating in the Workers' Meal Program in São Paulo, Brazil].

Science.gov (United States)

Geraldo, Ana Paula Gines; Bandoni, Daniel Henrique; Jaime, Patrícia Constante

2008-01-01

To compare the nutritional value of meals provided by companies participating in the Workers' Meal Program in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, to the nutritional recommendations and guidelines established by the Ministry of Health for the Brazilian population. The 72 companies studied were grouped according to economic sector (industrial, services, or commerce), size (micro, small, medium, or large), meal preparation modality (prepared on-site by the company itself, on-site by a hired caterer, or off-site by a hired caterer), and supervision by a dietitian (yes or no). The per capita amount of food was determined based on the lunch, dinner, and supper menus for three days. The nutritional value of the meals was defined by the amount of calories, carbohydrates, protein, total fat, polyunsaturated fat, saturated fat, trans fat, sugars, cholesterol, and fruits and vegetables. Most of the menus were deficient in the number of fruits and vegetables (63.9%) and amount of polyunsaturated fat (83.3%), but high in total fat (47.2%) and cholesterol (62.5%). Group 2, composed of mostly medium and large companies, supervised by a dietician, belonging to the industrial and/or service sectors, and using a hired caterer, on averaged served meals with higher calorie content (P<0.001), higher percentage of polyunsaturated fat (P<0.001), more cholesterol (P=0.015), and more fruits and vegetables (P<0.001) than Group 1, which was composed of micro and small companies from the commercial sector, that prepare the meals themselves on-site, and are not supervised by a dietitian. Regarding the nutrition guidelines set for the Brazilian population, Group 2 meals were better in terms of fruit and vegetable servings (P<0.001). Group 1 meals were better in terms of cholesterol content (P=0.05). More specific action is required targeting company officers and managers in charge of food and nutrition services, especially in companies without dietitian supervision.

Reformulating the calculation of mining privileges for medium and large mining

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Pedro Franco Concha

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Throughout this paper those technical and accounting concepts of the Law of mining privileges that generate ambiguity and incongruity for businesses has been analyzed and identified. For this reason, we have developed a proposal amending the calculation of mining privileges based on two main aspects: (i terminology used in the law and (ii establishment of income before retribution to stakholders and taxes as a basis for calculating privileges. As a result, it was established as an object of study for all mining companies paying privileges; however, for purposes of the investigation three representative mining companies of medium and large mining were selected. Later interviews were arranged with financial and tax managers of the companies mentioned above as well as experts in the field of mining privileges; it was concluded that the concepts of "cost" and "corresponding fiscal year" mentioned in the Law generated ambiguities, inconsistencies and accounting distortions. Also, mining companies and experts agreed that the current basis for the calculation of the privileges is not adequate for the mining sector since it does not reflect the financial situation of companies. Therefore, a proposal for reformulation of the applied priviously and a new basis for calculating the mining privileges based on the cost of sales is made; since, in the cost of sales is found what Kieso and Weygandt (1999 denominated as "the price paid for the right to seek and find a hidden Natural resources, or paid by a source already discovered"

Embryo quality and implantation rate in two different culture media: ISM1 versus Universal IVF Medium.

Science.gov (United States)

Xella, Susanna; Marsella, Tiziana; Tagliasacchi, Daniela; Giulini, Simone; La Marca, Antonio; Tirelli, Alessandra; Volpe, Annibale

2010-04-01

To compare the outcome of two different culture media marketed by the MediCult AS Company (Jyllinge, Denmark)-Universal IVF Medium and ISM1 Medium culture-which, in addition to glucose, pyruvate, and energy-providing components, also contain amino acids, nucleotides, vitamins, and cholesterol. Laboratory and retrospective clinical study. University teaching hospital. A total of 726 patients, undergoing IVF-intracytoplasmic sperm injection procedure, comparable in mean age range, oocyte retrieval, and infertility indication, were included in the study. Laboratory quality and standard procedures were maintained unaffected. Oocyte retrieval, different embryo culture media. Embryo quality, ongoing pregnancy, and implantation rate. The frequency of good-quality embryos (79% vs. 74%) and the percentages of ongoing pregnancy (27.5% vs. 18%) and implantation rate (15% vs. 10%) were significantly higher in the group treated with ISM1 Medium rather than Universal IVF Medium. ISM1 Medium culture seems to improve the performance of embryonic growth and development, as well as increasing the percentage of pregnancy. Copyright 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Changes In Company’s Management Accounting Systems: Case Study on ActivityBased Costing Implementation and Operation in Medium-Sized Production Company

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Tomasz WNUK-PEL

2010-11-01

Full Text Available This paper aims to explore factors, which influence the process of activity-based costing (ABC implementation, as well as analyze and explain the changes in the area of methodology and organization of a company, after activity-based costing implementation. The research findings are of both theoretical and practical importance. From the practical point of view, companies considering implementation of ABC should be aware of the positive and negative factors conditioning the process of implementation; in addition, they should be familiar with methodological and organizational changes, which might stem from the ABC implementation. From the theoretical point of view, this research might be helpful in determining a more general tendency: although modifications in cost accounting systems and implementation of modern methods of management accounting in Polish companies come later than in more developed economies, the tendency heads in the same direction.

La importancia del pensamiento estadístico en la Ingeniería de Fiabilidad

OpenAIRE

Raquel Caro; Fernando García Jiménez

2012-01-01

Existe de modo creciente una notable inquietud por el control de la calidad en el tiempo, lo que ha dado lugar a la búsqueda de métodos capaces de abordar eficazmente el análisis de la fiabilidad. Los estudios de Grado y Máster de Ingeniería suelen ofrecer asignaturas tales como Estadística, Estadística Industrial, Control y Gestión de la Calidad o similares, donde se estudia la importancia de la fiabilidad y la calidad de los sistemas. En el ejercicio de sus atribuciones los ingenieros deber...

EMPIRICAL STUDY REGARDING THE DETERMINING FACTORS OF THE ROMANIAN COMPANIES COMPETITIVENESS

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MOLDOVAN Nicoleta-Claudia

2013-07-01

This study is focused on the concept of company competitiveness, on the relevant factors in order to analyze and explain the advantage of competitiveness for a company in regard to another, as well as the dimension and intensity which it uses the sponsors’ capital, the organizational capital, the human capital, the innovational capital and the capital represented by the customers portfolio. Secondly, using the questionnaire method as a research method, the objective of this paper is to provide some empirical evidences designed to assess the factors determining the Romanian company competitiveness on the competitive market. By using an initial dataset of 300 companies, which are part of the 14 fields of activity provided in the activity classification of the national economy, Reviewed NACE 2, we have made their classification on size classes, taking into account as classification criteria the number of employees, the annual net turnover and the value of the total assets held, then testing the opinions of the managers from the selected sample concerning the factors determining the competitiveness of the companies they manage. According to the results, the analysis of the sample structure reflects the control of microenterprises followed by the small and medium sized enterprises. The manner of administration and organization and the quality of the employed human factor are influenced by the company dimension and position held on the market. We consider that the managers of the small size companies, as well as the ones from the provided sample, rely on a preponderant intuitive management, they deal the administered businesses based on the spur of the moment inspiration, make decisions subjectively not starting from objective economic criteria, being concerned only with the management of the current problems. Since they aren’t the beneficiaries of a managerial education, they don’t possess the necessary competences to focus on the elaboration of certain strategies

Carbon footprint analysis as a tool for energy and environmental management in small and medium-sized enterprises

Science.gov (United States)

Giama, E.; Papadopoulos, A. M.

2018-01-01

The reduction of carbon emissions has become a top priority in the decision-making process for governments and companies, the strict European legislation framework being a major driving force behind this effort. On the other hand, many companies face difficulties in estimating their footprint and in linking the results derived from environmental evaluation processes with an integrated energy management strategy, which will eventually lead to energy-efficient and cost-effective solutions. The paper highlights the need of companies to establish integrated environmental management practices, with tools such as carbon footprint analysis to monitor the energy performance of production processes. Concepts and methods are analysed, and selected indicators are presented by means of benchmarking, monitoring and reporting the results in order to be used effectively from the companies. The study is based on data from more than 90 Greek small and medium enterprises, followed by a comprehensive discussion of cost-effective and realistic energy-saving measures.

Sustainability in Small and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Enterprises: An Empirical Study

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I. Garbie

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The main goal of this paper is to analyze and investigate sustainable practices in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SMEs. A comprehensive analysis and a mathematical framework are used to assess the sustainability indexes (SDIs of each aspect/issue and pillar/dimension, and of the whole manufacturing enterprise. Sustainability in the whole manufacturing enterprise is represented by the sustainable development index (SDI. The results show that there is a significant difference in SDIs between aspects and dimensions, with economic sustainability representing the highest percentage in the SDI. Also, the results show that industrial companies are adopting sustainable practices and applying them to most of the issues/aspects of the dimensions, and they can direct manufacturing companies in the industrial sector to develop strategies for sustainability. This paper introduces a new understanding of the practices and implementation of sustainability/sustainable development by SMEs through assessing the SDIs.

Comunicación empresarial de las empresas del IBEX 35 en Twitter/ Business communication IBEX 35 companies across Twitter

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Marián Alonso González

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Las nuevas tecnologías de la información han modificado las estrategias de la comunicación empresarial. Las herramientas derivadas de la Web 2.0, y en concreto, las redes sociales incorporan nuevos paradigmas en el manejo de la comunicación hasta el punto de transformar la relación que tradicionalmente mantenían los usuarios con las corporaciones. A lo largo de este artículo, y mediante una metodología de investigación cuantitativa, analizamos la comunicación que desarrollan las empresas del IBEX 35 a través de la red social Twitter para evidenciar la importancia que las empresas conceden a esta plataforma a la hora de crear una imagen exterior coherente y que favorezca su posicionamiento en el mercado. New technologies of the information have modified the strategies of the business communication. Social networks have transformed the relation that traditionally the users were supporting with the corporations. From a quantitative research methodology, this paper present the communication that the companies of IBEX 35 develop in Twitter to demonstrate the importance that the companies give to this platforms to generate an coherent image and strength their position in the market.

STIMULATING INNOVATIONS AND PERFORMANCE OF COMPANIES IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

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Andrijana Ostojić Mihić

2016-12-01

Full Text Available The paper explores the perception of innovations and importance of innovativeness, determines innovation potential and links the application of innovations in companies to the material stimulation of employees. The aim of the paper is to provide information on encouraging and developing the culture of innovations and on strengthening the awareness of the importance of material motivation for the creation of innovations. The paper presents an overview of the existing findings on the company’s innovation potential and the possibility to encourage innovations by means of the selected tools and techniques of human resource management. The contribution of the paper is based on the empirical research of a representative sample of 250 medium-size and large companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH using the methodology of the Croatian Coefficient of Innovativeness (HKI, whereby special attention is given to the observation of the possible link between stimulating employees to innovate and accomplishing the company’s selected performance.

Comparison of different reliability improving investment strategies of Finnish medium-voltage distribution systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Laagland, H.

2012-07-01

The electricity distribution sector in Finland is highly regulated and the return on investments in distribution networks is low. Low profits don't make the electricity distribution sector attractive to outside investors. During the second regulatory period of 2008-2011 incentives are included into the Finnish regulation model which allows higher profits for the network owners for right allocated network investments leading to lower operation and interruption costs. The goal of the thesis is to find cost-effective medium-voltage distribution system investment strategies for the Finnish power distribution companies with respect to the incentives of the second regulatory period. In this work the sectionalisation concept is further developed by deriving equations for a homogeneous electricity distribution system for the economical and reliability indices as a function of the number of sectionalisation zones. The cost-effective medium-voltage distribution system investment strategies are found by studying the technical and economic interaction of feeder automation on different network structures. Ten feeder automation schemes have been applied to six urban/rural area generic feeders and two real rural area feeders of a distribution company in western Finland. The analytical approach includes modelling of the feeders and feeder functions and calculation of the economical and reliability indices. The following investment areas are included: different electricity distribution systems, new substation, new switching station, central earth-fault current compensation, cabling and feeder automation. The value of the results of this work is that they reveal the influence that feeder automation has on the reliability and economy of different distribution structures. This created transparency enables a national and/or distribution company network investment strategy to optimise the economic benefits of investments. (orig.)

Corporate social responsibility and aging workforces : an explorative study of corporate social responsibility implementation in small- and medium-sized enterprises

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Graaf, Frank Jan; Gellert, Franz Jozef

2012-01-01

Although critical differences exist between large companies and small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), limited empirical research has been done on human resource (HR)-related corporate social responsibility (CSR). In this paper we study aging workforce management (AWM) as a component of CSR.

A Flood Risk Assessment Model for Companies and Criteria for Governmental Decision-Making to Minimize Hazards

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Jieun Ryu

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Flood risks in the industrial sector and economic damages are increasing because of climate change. In addition to changes in precipitation patterns due to climate change; factors that increase flood damage include infrastructure deterioration and lack of storage facilities. Therefore; it is necessary for companies and the government to actively establish flood management policies. However; no evaluation method is currently available to determine which items should be invested in first by small and medium-sized enterprises that have limited finances. Because the government should make comprehensive and fair decisions; the purpose of this study is to propose priority investment risk items and an assessment method to decide which companies should be invested in first in flood risk management due to climate change. The multispatial scale of the method takes both the location and characteristics of the company into account. Future climate change scenarios were used to evaluate the changing patterns of flood risks. We developed the relative Flood Risk Assessment for Company (FRAC model methodology to support the government’s policymaking. This method was applied to four companies belonging to four different industries and three risk items were derived that are likely to harm the company owing to flooding.

Evaluation of co-sourcing communications amongst international company and local public relations agencies (case company: company x)

OpenAIRE

Yin, Ying

2009-01-01

The subject of the thesis is the evaluation of co-sourcing communications amongst international company and local public relations agencies, taking the company x as a case. It analyses the environment the co-sourcing PR agencies communicate with international clients, compares with the current communications the case company has, and comes up with practical suggestions for the company to have better cooperation with local agencies to achieve mutual benefits. The theoretical part consi...

Financial management practices in successful Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs

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Hendrik Petrus Wolmarans

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Although the success of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMEs is extremely important for the South African economy, their failure rate is amongst the highest in the world; some researchers estimate as high as 90 percent. Research has shown that the lack of financial management skills and application of financial management practices are some of the biggest factors contributing to SME failure. However, it is not clear from the literature which of these skills and practices are more important than others. This study aims to fill this gap by determining which financial management skills are relevant for successful SMEs. A survey was done on a sample of owner-managers of successful SMEs who had been asked, firstly, whether they performed different financial management practices and, secondly, how frequently they performed these in their companies. The study concludes that practices regarding working capital as well as profitability are much more relevant than those regarding a balance sheet or strategic finance. Similarly, financial practices related to cash flow and decision making are more relevant than those related to planning or analysing. It may be true, due to the high risk and volatile environment of SMEs, as well as the challenges that are often underestimated, that financial practices which academics regard as important are not always implemented by these companies.  This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge as it determines the relative relevance and frequency of use of financial management practices by successful SMEs. KEY WORDS Small and medium enterprises, Financial management practices, Successful SMEs, Entrepreneurship education

MODEL FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

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Natalia Stoyanova

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The goal of the author for the creation of the Entrepreneurship Model is to present it as an instrument for increasing the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises in the agrarian sector. The strengths and weaknesses of the company must be matched with the opportunities and threats that arise from the external environment so that it can realize and strengthen its competitive advantages and avoid threats. Firm strengths should focus on exploiting the potential of the environment.

EL NIÑO QUE RONCA: IMPORTANCIA Y MANEJO

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Dr. Selim Abara

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El ronquido en los niños es el signo más frecuente de trastorno respiratorio del sueño (TROS. La importancia de estos trastornos reside en su alta prevalencia y las morbilidades asociadas, como trastornos neurocognitivos, rendimiento escolar deficiente, disfunción conductual, complicaciones cardiovasculares, consecuencias metabólicas y mala calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. La sospecha clínica se basa en una buena anamnesis y examen físico, aunque en muchos casos es insuficiente para afirmar o descartar la existencia de un TROS; por esta razón es importante contar con pruebas específicas, entre las cuales la polisomnografía es el estándar de oro, pero es necesario establecer criterios para indicar estos exámenes debido a su disponibilidad limitada y a su elevado costo. La adenotonsilectomía es el tratamiento más común de TROS en los niños, sin embargo, el grupo de pacientes con comorbilidad de mayor complejidad requiere un estudio más completo y un tratamiento multidisciplinario. En esta revisión se actualizan los conocimientos acerca de los TROS y su manejo. Se propone un diagrama de flujo para el estudio y manejo de un niño que ronca.

MANAGING ECONOMIC EFFECTIVENESS OF MARKETING IN TRANSNATIONAL COMPANIES

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Oksana Bulkot

2017-11-01

Full Text Available The purpose. The purpose of the study is a generalization of international experience with regard to marketing efficiency control and development of qualitative and quantitative methods to be implemented in the estimation of marketing activity of TNCs. Methodology. The survey is based on research, conducted for 60 companies in the spring of 2015 (32% of which were Ukrainian and 68% – offices and affiliates of international companies, namely Bayer, Coca-Cola, Pepsi Co, Mondelez, Mars, Mintel, Cargill, and many others. The practical results of monitoring the effectiveness of annual plans of named companies done by authors through implementing original author’ methodology based on presenting key performance indicators (KPI. Results. The theoretical approaches to the estimation of marketing efficiency are analysed. The conditions, under which the organization is working by analysing external environment and internal company’s potential, are determined. It is substantiated by the authors that direct development of marketing plans should be based on marketing objectives, developed as a result of the situational analysis. It is proved that monitoring the effectiveness of annual plans may be done by implementing key performance indicators that enable to develop quantitative evaluation system of the organization’s strategy, based on control of its goals. The results of the research allowed authors to distinguish two major groups of effectiveness indicators for TNCs, which are financial and marketing indicators. In this standpoint, financial indicators are divided into costs’, productivity and profitability indicators and to the marketing effectiveness indicators belong market indexes, competitiveness indexes, and client’s indicators. Practical implications. The proposed methodology can be implemented for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of marketing effectiveness not only in TNCs but in small and medium business companies as well

USING THE INNOVATIVE SOFTWARE PRODUCTS IN THE COMPANIES MANAGEMENT

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Matei Radu Todoran

2015-05-01

Full Text Available In a market economy that constantly changes, companies are constrained to adopt efficient solutions to facilitate the achievement of the medium and long term objectives and also to run faster management processes. One of the most efficient methods in this direction is the usage of "innovative products". Those products are distinguished by the high degree of originality and innovation, providing thus a more dynamic framework in management decisions. In order for the usage of innovative products to become successful, they must reach certain stages related to: development of a strategy for creating a new innovative product; valorization of the internal resources of a company regarding the innovation; creating and launching the innovative product on market; engrossment of new market segments. This paper focuses on software-based products which facilitates making management decision based on obtained high utility data and information. The product that we refer to is an ERP software (Enterprise Resource Planner adapted to agricultural entrepreneurs. The product has a high degree of inoovation and aplicability.

Does the Size of a Company Make a Difference in the Prevalence of Exposure to Asthmagens and in the Use of Respiratory Protective Equipment?

Science.gov (United States)

El-Zaemey, Sonia; Carey, Renee N; Darcey, Ellie; Reid, Alison; Rushton, Lesley; McElvenny, Damien M; Fritschi, Lin

2018-05-08

About half of all workers in high-income countries work in small companies. However, regulatory bodies and researchers predominantly work with large companies because they are more convenient to study and easier to reach. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of exposure to asthmagens and the use of respiratory protective equipment (RPE) by company size. This analysis used data from the Australian Work Exposures Study-Asthma, a telephone survey which investigated exposure to 27 asthmagen groups. Among 4844 respondents, 18.8, 19.9, 31.9, and 29.4% of workers reported working in micro (200 employees) companies, respectively. Compared to workers in large companies, workers in micro, small, or medium companies had higher prevalence of exposure to most asthmagens and lesser use of RPE. Our results suggest that policy actions and regulatory measures should target micro/small companies in order to have the greatest effect.

Adoption of E-Commerce in Small and Medium Enterprises in Denmark

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hugger, Ada Scupola

2005-01-01

are the environmental, organizational and technological. Five case companies located in the area of Copenhagen have been interviewed. The preliminary results are partially in line with similar studies on e-commerce adoption. However many differences are also found. For example this study found that the external......This paper presents the preliminary results of a study on factors influencing adoption of electronic commerce in small and medium enterprises in Denmark. The Tornatsky and Fleischer (1990) model is used in the investigation, therefore the main group of factors taken into consideration...

Financial Management Challenges In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Strategic Management Approach

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hande Karadag

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Abstract :Due to their significant role in creation of new jobs, rise in GDP, entrepreneurship and innovation, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs are recognized as the the drivers of socio-economic growth, both in developed and developing economies. In Turkey, 99.9 % of all enterprises fall into SME category. Therefore, the significance of SMEs for Turkish economy and society is much higher in Turkey, compared to other emerging and developed countries. Small and medium-sized companies are faced with a number of challenges whereas the problems arising from “poor financial management” are reported as the major causes of business failures in SMEs. Strategic financial management (SFM which is a research area that has attracted the interest of researchers after 2010, is one of the key managerial areas of SMEs, due to its vital role on the survival, growth and performance of SMEs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the central role of financial management and identify the financial management challenges and practices that influence the organizational performance in Turkish SMEs, from a strategic management perspective. Within the course of this paper, the importance and challenges of SMEs in Turkey are presented in the first section, while the literature on strategic and financial management in SMEs are reviewed in the second part. In the third section, the recent strategic financial management concept, the implications of strategic financial management practices for SMEs in Turkey and the relationships between strategic financial management practices and SME performance, are discussed. Small and medium sized enterprise finance in Turkey is a developing research area, therefore this paper aims to make a significant contribution to the existing literature by analyzing the major challenges at the conduct of financial management in Turkish SMEs and the influence of strategic financial management practices on the performances of small and

Process of value co-creation and its impact on innovation strategy in service companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonia Ruiz-Moreno

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Purpose: This article analyzes the factors that influence on the capacity of service firms companies to adapt to changing environment. It analyzes how the critical dimensions of the innovation process influence the gap generated by the difference between the current level of innovation of the company and the level developed by competitors. Design/methodology/approach: Companies were selected from the database Duns and Bradstreet 2000. A sample of companies in Spain in a relatively homogeneous geographic, cultural, legal and political space was chosen. The questionnaire was sent to a total of 200 companies, most of them being large and medium enterprises. Findings and Originality/value: The results show that customer involvement in the innovation process is greater in service firms that have greater innovation gap and are more proactive. Formalization and decentralization present low innovation gap. Limitations: This study is focused on Spanish companies. This work presents the characteristics of a cross-sectional study. Practical implications: In order to better adapt to the environment, firms need to present a greater fit between results on innovation and customer expectations. Therefore, it is very important to accurately detect user needs throughout the innovation process. Originality/value: Our results provide guidance in decisions that are deliberate and which may affect the degree of proactivity of innovation in services. We have advanced in the implications of customer participation in business results. Keywords: Innovation gap, customer participation, decentralization, formalization, service firms.

Restricciones de liquidez en microempresas y la importancia del financiamiento informal en Baja California

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martín Ramírez-Urquidy

2009-01-01

Full Text Available La estructura industrial de México incorpora una proporción significativa de agentes que emprenden negocios a escalas reducidas y en un esquema de informalidad. Esta condición los aleja de los mercados formales de crédito, por lo que enfrentan una restricción permanente de liquidez. Este artículo prueba la hipótesis de que existen microempresas (MES no restringidas a pesar de esta limitación formal. Los resultados ilustran esta posibilidad al encontrar, en una muestra de mes del estado de Baja California, lo que implica el acceso a financiamiento externo y la importancia de las fuentes informales.

IMPORTANCIA DEL COMERCIO ELECTRÓNICO Y SU INCIDENCIA EN LA LOGÍSTICA DE APROVISIONAMIENTOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Mitre Aranda

2004-07-01

Full Text Available

El trabajo recoge la importancia y evolución del comercio electrónico desde su concepción tradicional hasta su aplicabilidad vía internet. Se examinan las ventajas e inconvenientes de la red como soporte del comercio electrónico y se pormenoriza sobre la problemática y las ventajas e inconvenientes que el uso del comercio electrónico produce en las actividades logísticas, en general, y en las de compras, en particular.

The strategic measures for the industrial security of small and medium business.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Chang-Moo

2014-01-01

The competitiveness of companies increasingly depends upon whether they possess the cutting-edge or core technology. The technology should be protected from industrial espionage or leakage. A special attention needs to be given to SMB (small and medium business), furthermore, because SMB occupies most of the companies but has serious problems in terms of industrial security. The technology leakages of SMB would account for more than 2/3 of total leakages during last five years. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to analyze the problems of SMB in terms of industrial security and suggest the strategic solutions for SMB in South Korea. The low security awareness and financial difficulties, however, make it difficult for SMB to build the effective security management system which would protect the company from industrial espionage and leakage of its technology. The growing dependence of SMB on network such as internet, in addition, puts the SMB at risk of leaking its technology through hacking or similar ways. It requires new measures to confront and control such a risk. Online security control services and technology deposit system are suggested for such measures.

The Strategic Measures for the Industrial Security of Small and Medium Business

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-Moo Lee

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The competitiveness of companies increasingly depends upon whether they possess the cutting-edge or core technology. The technology should be protected from industrial espionage or leakage. A special attention needs to be given to SMB (small and medium business, furthermore, because SMB occupies most of the companies but has serious problems in terms of industrial security. The technology leakages of SMB would account for more than 2/3 of total leakages during last five years. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to analyze the problems of SMB in terms of industrial security and suggest the strategic solutions for SMB in South Korea. The low security awareness and financial difficulties, however, make it difficult for SMB to build the effective security management system which would protect the company from industrial espionage and leakage of its technology. The growing dependence of SMB on network such as internet, in addition, puts the SMB at risk of leaking its technology through hacking or similar ways. It requires new measures to confront and control such a risk. Online security control services and technology deposit system are suggested for such measures.

Corporate social responsibility as a challenge for Czech companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sylvie Gurská

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The term „Corporate social responsibility“ is an umbrella term embracing theories and practises relating to how business manages its relationship with society. In the last decades the development of companies responsible behaviour has been influenced by several facts. One of them is the existence of multinational enterprises. They have an elaborated firm strategy, a value system and bring the CSR concept in partial divisions. CSR enterprises also take the advantage of differentiation from the competitors and want to be successful on unified markets. Generally there is an effort to improve unfavourable situation in the environment and the society (global warming, corruption, insufficient community support, bad working conditions. The corporate responsibility has been supported by many foundation projects in the Czech Republic, e.g. two month’s employment support campaign “JSOU ZDRAVÍ?” for disabled people (NFOZP created by the foundation Nadační fond. Czech firms have a possibility to use several portals like educating portal Boussole CSR, its aim is to approximate the responsible business mostly to small and medium sized enterprises. Currently there exist many publications regarding this topic and the companies have a big chance to get into customers’ awareness as a corporate responsible firm, like the attendance at national/international competitions. However, the firms are using other possibilities too. They participate on project creation (e.g. „Stáže manažerů bez bariér“, they establish a fair-trade stand directly in their companies or try to add an value to their business (cleaning company with a respect to the environment.

La importancia del <

OpenAIRE

Guerrero, Jose Felipe; Abad, Juan Carlos; Aguera, Emilia Del

2010-01-01

La percepcion sobre el pais de origen de un producto es uno de los principales determinates de la evaluacion y eleccion de dicho producto, sobre todo en los mercados foraneos. En la literatura de marketing existen multiples trabajos que han analizado este aspecto, si bien la amyor parte de ellos se han centrado en productos duraderos de alta implicacion. Este trabajo analiza la importancia que el atributo pais de origen tiene en el proceso de evaluacion del consumidor para el caso de la compr...

Importancia del trabajo de enfermería en la clasificación. Una revisión bibliográfica

OpenAIRE

Blanco Jiménez, Soledad

2017-01-01

Cartel presentado en el 3er Congreso Internacional de Comunicación en Salud (3ICHC), celebrado los días 19 y 20 de octubre de 2017 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. El objetivo de este trabajo conocer la importancia del triaje o clasificación de pacientes en la atención segura proporcionada al paciente.

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in international business: A survey of recent literature

OpenAIRE

Schmidt, Klaus-Dieter

1996-01-01

It is often argued that the process of globalization has mainly favoured large-scale multinational companies which are able to organize their business efficiently within internal hierarchies. However, globalization has not only pushed cross-border intra-finn transactions but also other arrangements among firms such as licensing or subcontracting that fall short of ownership involvements. This opens up new opportunities for small and medium sized enterprises, too. The paper provides a general ...

Importancia de la coordinación entre el comedor escolar y las familias en Cantabria.

OpenAIRE

Río-Sánchez, Sonia

2013-01-01

Actualmente por los diferentes estilos de vida que se llevan en nuestra sociedad, cada vez se da menos importancia al momento de la comida, muchas veces por falta de tiempo y otras de interés, por lo que los niños pueden llegar a tener una mala alimentación. La mala alimentación en edades tempranas puede ser la causa y el inicio de muchos problemas en el desarrollo del niño/a, como por ejemplo la obesidad infantil. Por eso es muy importante inculcar buenos hábitos alimenticios desde las pr...

Taxonomía e importancia clínica de las nuevas familias del orden Chlamydiales

OpenAIRE

MARTÍNEZ T., M. ANGÉLICA; DIOMEDI P., ALEXIS; KOGAN A., RICARDO; BORIE P., CONSUELO

2001-01-01

Esta revisión comprende los cambios trascendentales que se han producido recientemente en la taxonomía de clamidias, la importancia clínica de las nuevas especies del orden Chlamydiales y los métodos para su identificación. La nueva clasificación del orden Chlamydiales se basa en las características fenotípicas, antigénicas, rango de huésped y análisis filogenético del operón ribosomal y proporciona un procedimiento consistente para la identificación de las actuales especies y el establecimie...

R and D program of the Spanish National Company for Radioactive Wastes management

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Astudillo, J.

1993-01-01

The second R+D program of the Spanish National Company for Radioactive Wastes Management (ENRESA) has a whole budget of 56 million $ for the period 1991-1995. This program is included within the Spanish Energy Plan (PEN-91) and encompasses four main areas: 1) Low and medium level radioactive wastes 2) High level radioactive wastes 3) Decommissioning and dismantling of nuclear installations 4) Radiological protection The Spanish program is coordinated with policies of international organizations: CEC,OECD and IAEA

Accelerating Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the ICT Services Sector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Vicente García Manjón

2016-09-01

Full Text Available This work is aimed at establishing key organizational strategies that push small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs in the information and communication technologies (ICT services sector to be more innovative. Following an input and output approach, a theoretical model is built that helps determine such key factors. Then the model is validated with fieldwork carried out on a representative sample in Castile-Leon region (Spain. According to this model, the decision to innovate (and the trigger for research and development [R&D] activities in SMEs in the ICT services sector is the result of needs that are presented by customers (public or private sector in tailored projects. All the same, the factors leading to innovation are in order of importance, the technological level of the company, the effort made by the company in R&D, and finally, systems of incentives.

MANAGING INDUSTRIAL PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH-AND-DEVELOPMENT - A COMPARATIVE-STUDY OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL AND INNOVATIVE EFFECTIVENESS IN EUROPEAN AND ANGLO-AMERICAN COMPANIES

NARCIS (Netherlands)

OMTA, SWF; BOUTER, LM; VANENGELEN, JML

1994-01-01

Drug regulation and pricing have put strong pressure on the cost-benefit ratio of the innovative pharmaceutical industry. Therefore a study has been conducted in fourteen large and medium sized companies to determine some important organisational and managerial factors influencing success in

17 CFR 270.3a-3 - Certain investment companies owned by companies which are not investment companies.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... the definition of the term “investment company” by section 3(b)(1) or 3(b)(2) of the Act (15 U.S.C... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Certain investment companies owned by companies which are not investment companies. 270.3a-3 Section 270.3a-3 Commodity and...

Empirical research on the internal audit position of companies in Serbia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ljubisavljević Snežana

2011-01-01

Full Text Available In the context of the globalization of business operations and the increasing use of information technologies, complexity of business transactions, and business risk, the role of internal audit is becoming increasingly important and the range of tasks performed by internal auditors is growing. As a part of the company control system, the internal audit assesses the efficiency, effectiveness, economy, and fairness of the realization of tasks, provides consulting services to the enterprise’s management, and promotes the effectiveness of risk management with the aim of creating added value and enhancing business activities. It is the aim of this work, through empirical research conducted in large and medium-sized Serbian companies, to show the degree of development of the internal audit, the perception of accountants in respect to the tasks and responsibilities of internal audit, and whether there is a connection between the enterprise size and legal form on the one hand, and the organization and responsibilities of internal audit on the other.

Correlates of Tax Compliance of Small and Medium Size Businesses in Cameroon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Oludele Akinloye Akinboade

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Taxation provides a predictable and stable flow of revenue to finance development objectives. This is important in a country like Cameroon that has serious challenges with meeting its development objectives. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs are significant for economic growth in the country, contributing as much as about 22 percent of the gross domestic product. SMEs generate taxable incomes. They also collect employment and value added taxes on behalf of the government. Taxation, however, imposes high cost to small businesses. SMEs are less tax compliant in comparison to large businesses. SMEs are considered the ‘hard to tax group from the informal sector.’ As such, the literature suggests that only a fraction of their taxable incomes is reported to tax authorities. Against this background, factors that correlate with tax compliance of 575 small and medium size companies in Cameroon are discussed from a survey of companies in the manufacturing and wholesale sectors. High registration cost and time-consuming processes promote tax non-compliance. The perception that tax system is corrupt discourages registration and filing compliance. When there are too many compliance hurdles, the probability of filing compliance is reduced. However, a fair and static system encourages filing and registration compliance. A clear and consistent tax system promotes filing compliance. Authorities that understand their responsibilities and are willing to respond to enquiries during the registration process promote tax compliance in general.

Smart Companies.

Science.gov (United States)

Galagan, Patricia A.

1997-01-01

Capturing and leveraging knowledge is an important new management trend that is as yet undefined. Some companies are accounting for their intellectual capital and applying it to the company balance sheets. (JOW)

Hongos de importancia agrícola presentes en moscas de la fruta del valle de Ica, Perú

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos E. Tipismana

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente trabajo fue aislar e identificar hongos de especímenes de moscas de la fruta de los géneros Ceratitis (Macleay y Anastrepha (Schiner, del valle de Ica, Perú. Se aislaron hongos pertenecientes a los géneros Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus y Trichoderma;así como levaduras y micelios estériles. Los recuentos de hongos presentaron rangos entre 8x103 a 8x104 UFC/g para el género Ceratitis; y 7x103 a 7x104 UFC/g para el género Anastrepha. El IVI% (Índice de Valor de Importancia demostró que Cladosporium es el género con mayor valor ecológico con un 78,05%. El Índice de Similitud de especies de hongos entre ambos géneros de mosca de la fruta analizados fue 0,5. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la presencia de hongos en moscas de la fruta; y se deduce el posible impacto de estos dípteros en el área agrícola como potenciales agentes vectores de enfermedades fúngicas para los cultivos locales de importancia económica.

The impact of ownership and other corporate characteristics on performance of V4 companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

David Procházka

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The objective of this paper is to assess financial performance of Czech, Hungarian, Polish, and Slovak unlisted companies. The sample retrieved from the Amadeus database contains 171,095 firm-year observations for the period of 2010-2014. A linear regression model (weighted least squares with robust correction for standard errors is run to regress Return on Assets (ROA as the dependent variable against selected entity-specific factors, including ownership characteristics. Empirical evidence uncovers several findings. Firstly, the performance of V4 companies is comparable except for Hungary, where companies report lower ROA on average. Secondly, firms established after the failure of communist regimes outperform the privatised companies. Thirdly, the ownership characteristics do matter. Having domestic owners is not a disadvantage, as only the companies with controlling shareholders from the Anglo-Saxon countries perform better. Other jurisdictions of parents lead either to comparable (e.g., old EU members, developed Asian countries or even worse (e.g., new EU members, post-Soviet bloc performance as compared to domestic ownership. Similarly, family firms perform significantly better than the companies controlled by institutional owners or by public sector, but worse than the firms controlled by financial institutions. The listing status of a parent is not an influential factor of performance. Fourthly, the size of a company also matters, as small enterprises report better performance in their financial statements than medium and large undertakings. Fifthly, higher leverage undermines performance. Finally, there is a wide dispersion in average performance across the industries. The study results might be relevant for policy makers while choosing between direct and indirect support for diverse types of businesses.

Non-governmental organizations and the sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises in Peru : an analysis of networks and discourses

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Castro Aponte, W.V.

2013-01-01

The importance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in terms of employment and income generation has been recognized worldwide. In Peru, SMEs are responsible for 85% of the employment at the national level and they represent 98% of the total companies registered. Around 12% of

La educación ambiental y su importancia en la relación sustentable: Hombre-Naturaleza- Territorio

OpenAIRE

Ronald Fernando Quintana Arias

2017-01-01

Objetivo. Promover la importancia de la educación ambiental en el fortalecimiento de la relación sustentable Hombre-Naturaleza-Territorio en 8 niños y niñas observadores de aves de la primaria María Berchmans. Metodología. Entre agosto y noviembre del 2015 desarrollé un estudio de caso basado en el aprendizaje vivencial, social y experiencial, que se dividió en dos fases en las que se encontraban 19 actividades clasificadas dentro de siete...

A Methodology for Reducing Bench Strength in Information Technology Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Boby John

2015-07-01

Full Text Available One of the major risks in information technology (IT project execution is the non-availability of resources with required skill sets to meet the project demands. To mitigate this risk, almost every IT organization maintains a portion of their resources on bench. The bench strength reduces the delay in starting the project due to the non-availability of skilled resources. But bench strength or buffer is cost to the company. A medium scale Indian IT company incurs around USD 142,347 monthly on maintaining the bench strength. Hence this study is undertaken to develop a methodology to reduce the bench strength in IT companies. The proposed methodology is to obtain an optimum mix of resources from bench and through recruitment to meet the demands at a minimum cost. This is done by formulating the problem as an integer programming problem. The problem aims to minimize the total cost of obtaining the skilled resources without violating the constraints on demand, bench strength availability and recruitment lead time. The problem can be solved using Microsoft excel solver function or any other optimization packages like CPLEX, Gurobi, etc. A case study on the application of proposed methodology is also discussed in the paper. The case study showed that the proposed methodology is superior to the existing practice of maintaining large bench strengths to meet the demands for resources with various skills.

Fuzzy model of relationship among economic performance, competitiveness and business ethics of small and medium-sized enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nina Bočková

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The objective of this article is to study the relations among financial indicators, competitiveness and business ethics of comparable small and medium-sized enterprises. A sample of 59 SMEs from the South Moravia region was chosen. All selected companies either produce or service electronics. This research is based on the application of scientific analysis, synthesis, induction, fuzzy logic and modeling. Information for this research was obtained from secondary information sources – Amadeus database, accounting statements and information from the register of companies. Each company is described by a set of 10 variables. Fuzzy sets and reasoning are ideal tools to cope with vague, ill-structured and uncertain scenarios which can be found frequently in business and economics. This is the main reason why fuzzy logic was used in this research. The paper is self-explanatory and no a prior knowledge of fuzzy reasoning is required.

MERGER ACCOUTING FOR COMPANIES

OpenAIRE

SUCIU GHEORGHE

2014-01-01

Companies, especially nowadays, are characterized through great mobility, fast circulation of capital, occurring in their chase for profit. In this context, companies look for alliances, economical and political assistance. These objectives can materialize through merging of companies. The merger can be internal (between Romanian companies) or transboundary, which includes foreign companies. In order to correctly reflect these events, the merger operations must be regulated and mu...

Risks of a town-forming enterprise in the risk system of a company town

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Antonyuk V.S.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The article is devoted to review of risks of a town-forming enterprise in the risk system of the company town counterparties (infrastructure, population, small and medium business, local self-government authorities. It contains an algorithm of stepwise study of risks of a town-forming enterprise from the perspective of their interconnection with the risk system of the company town counterparties. Approbation of theoretical and methodical provisions by the example of town-forming enterprise Asha Metallurgical Plant OJSC, Asha, Chelyabinsk region, with the help of the graph theory allowed to analyze interconnections and dependence of risks of the town-forming enterprise and to make a conclusion on its negative role in creation of a crisis situation in the economy of the company town. The article is completed with a complex of lines for neutralization of risks of AMP OJSC: TFE’s infrastructural and technological risk management; personnel risk management policy; mitigation of consumer, product and supply risks; competitive struggle risk management and advertising risk management.

Importancia cuantificada de los síntomas sutiles de amenaza de parto pretérmino

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernesto Rosell Juarte

2000-06-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles, para valorar la importancia cuantificada de los síntomas sutiles de amenaza de parto pretérmino desde octubre de 1993 hasta abril de 1997 en 9 municipios de la provincia Camagüey. Fueron estudiados 364 casos y 654 controles a partir de los registros oficiales de atención perinatal, complementados con una encuesta. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizaron métodos univariados, bivariados y el multivariado de regresión logística. La presencia de los síntomas sutiles fueron: incremento o cambios en las pérdidas vaginales, dolor o presión lumbar en las caderas, dolor abdominal bajo, las contracciones uterinas y los retortijones abdominales. Todos estuvieron asociados al nacimiento pretérmino en ese orden, y fueron las contracciones uterinas las que ocuparon el cuarto lugar en importanciaA case-control study was conducted to assess the quantitated importance of the subtle symptoms of threatened preterm delivery from October, 1993, to April, 1997, in 9 municipalities of the province of Camagüey. 364 cases and 654 controls were studied based on the official registries of perinatal care complemented with a survey. Univariate and bivariate methods and the multivariate of logistic regression were used to process the data. The presence of the subtle symptoms was characterized by: increase or changes in the vaginal losses, lumbar pain or pressure in the hips, low abdominal pain, uterine contractions and abdominal gripes. All of them were associated with preterm birth in that order. Uterine contractions were in the fourth place in importance

PBL - Problem Based Learning for Companies and Clusters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hamburg, I; Vladut, G.

2016-07-01

Small and medium sized companies (SMEs) assure economic growth in Europe. Generally many SMEs are struggling to survive in an ongoing global recession and often they are becoming reluctant to release or pay for staff training. In this paper we present shortly the learning methods in SMEs particularly the Problem Based Learning (PBL) as an efficient form for SMEs and entrepreneurship education. In the field of Urban Logistics it was developed four Clusters with potential of innovation and research in four European Regions: Tuscany - Italy, Valencia - Spain, Lisbon and Tagus - Portugal, Oltenia – Romania. Training and mentoring for SMEs, are essential to create competitiveness. Information and communication technologies (ICT) support the tutors by using an ICT platform which is in the development. (Author)

Open Source Telecommunication Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Liu

2007-08-01

Full Text Available Little is known about companies whose core business is selling telecommunications products that lever open source projects. Open source telecommunications (OST companies operate in markets that are very different from typical software product markets. The telecommunications market is regulated, vertically integrated, and proprietary designs and special chips are widely used. For a telecommunications product to be useful, it must interact with both access network products and core network products. Due to specifications in Service Agreements Levels, penalties for failures of telecommunications products are very high. This article shares information that is not widely known, including a list of OST companies and the open source projects on which they depend, the size and diversity of venture capital investment in OST companies, the nature of the commercial product-open source software and company-project relationships, ways in which OST companies make money, benefits and risks of OST companies, and competition between OST companies. Analysis of this information provides insights into the ways in which companies can build business models around open source software. These findings will be of interest to entrepreneurs, top management teams of incumbent companies that sell telecommunications products, and those who care about Ontario's ability to compete globally.

Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Diptera: Muscidae) y su importancia en Entomología Forense e investigación aplicada

OpenAIRE

Ivorra Cazorla, Tania

2016-01-01

Synthesiomyia nudiseta (van der Wulp, 1883) es un múscido de origen tropical y subtropical, siendo la única especie conocida dentro del género Synthesiomyia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1893. Se trata de una especie con gran importancia forense para la estimación del intervalo postmortem, en diferentes zonas del mundo (p. ej.: Costa Rica, Estados Unidos, India, Malasia, Tailandia). Su presencia en España y Europa es relativamente reciente y en los últimos años se ha citado con cierta frecuencia en a...

Electric Company - Medium Voltage Substations

OpenAIRE

MacCosham, Spencer

2014-01-01

The capstone project goal was to recommend ways to increase sales of our client’s product by a factor of 10. The core of our project included researching and analyzing the client’s “Model III” package-unit-substations. Specifically, the project objectives were two-fold: First, we were to conduct market research and data analysis on package unit substations in North America. We needed to identify sales channels, competitors, potential substitutes, etc. Second, we were to identify market/channe...

A Knowledge Management Scenario to Support Knowledge Applications Development in Small and Medium Enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ROSU, S. M.

2009-02-01

Full Text Available Nowadays, in the European countries more than 95% of the companies are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs and majority of the European Union employees work in these companies. In order to develop intelligent business to become competitive, the enterprises must increase the quality and technologic level of products and services, to have permanent new product or to make old products bettering and to have a good prices policy. These activities request first a large amount of data, information and knowledge collected from all sources and then request transferring knowledge at each enterprise level. Therefore, this work analyses the state of art of the knowledge and knowledge management (KM and propose KM scenario to support knowledge applications (KApps development in SMEs. In addition, the paper presents how can be knowledge bases built at the enterprise level.

Physician-owned companies.

Science.gov (United States)

Kostuik, John P

2007-05-15

The author relates his experience in the development of a spinal implant development company (K2M) that is significantly advised by physicians. To provide information about the development of a spinal implant company (K2M) advised by a group of professional spinal surgeons. To relate the federal laws (STARK and anti-kickback) as they pertain to surgeon-influenced companies. To discuss the role of a scientific advisory board. A self-developed company was developed together with significant, but minority physician financial input and majority scientific advice. A privately owned spinal implant development corporation (K2M) was developed 3 years ago. Physician financial participation was less than 20% (Stark laws state no more than 40%). Users of product are greater than 60% non-investor physicians. The development of a large scientific advisory board has been very influential in product development. A privately owned spinal implant company (K2M) has been developed strictly within Federal laws. Its board of scientific advisors that receives recompense commissurate only with effort significantly impacts the company policy.

The Discriminant Analysis: an Exploratory Study Concerning the Degree of Financial Autonomy of Companies in the Context of the Romanian Business Environment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marinela Mironiuc

2010-12-01

Full Text Available This study aims at analyzing the evolution of financial autonomy on a sample of 80 companies quoted in the Bucharest Stock Exchange, between 2006-2008. Classically, financial autonomy is measured using the global and day-to-day rates of financial autonomy. However, this study has tested the dependency between the global rate of financial autonomy (Own Capital/ Total debts and a series of economic and financial indicators, with the purpose of obtaining both a score function that would help making a classification of the companies subject to our analysis, in performance groups (companies with a high financial autonomy, companies with a medium financial autonomy, companies with a low financial autonomy, and companies with no financial autonomy, and quantifying the influence of the relative variations of these economic and financial indicators on the relative variation of financial autonomy. In order to calculate the results, the statistic instrument SPSS 15.0 was used, and the work method was the discriminant analysis and the regression and multiple correlation analysis.

Commitment to Sustainability in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises : The Influence of Strategic Orientations and Management Values

OpenAIRE

Jansson, Johan; Nilsson, Jonas; Modig, Frida; Hed Vall, Gabriella

2017-01-01

Ecosystem degradation and social sustainability have become important issues in the corporate sphere during the last few decades. However, research discussing corporate social responsibility and related concepts has often focused on larger companies, sometimes neglecting the specifics of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between two common strategic orientations, market orientation (MO) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO...

The environmental policy of companies: evolutions and perspectives; La politique environnementale des entreprises: evolutions et perspectives

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Demarq, F.; Martin, V.

1999-07-01

This document presents the stakes of the environmental management in French companies and the role played by the French agency of environment and energy mastery (ADEME) in adapting the French environmental plan, developed by the public authorities, to the small and medium-size companies and industries. The risks of environmental impact are numerous and linked with a bad mastery of the consumption of raw materials, energy and water and with a bad control of waste effluents (impact on ecosystems and on public health). In order to facilitate the application of the environmental plan, the international standard organization (ISO) has developed the series of ISO 14000 standards. This work was carried out by the technical committee 207 which has developed a common approach for the environmental management of processes and products. This paper focusses on the ISO 14001 standard, on its philosophy and on its accreditation procedure, and on the application of the European eco-audit regulation for the promotion of the continuous improvement of the environmental performances of companies. The Ademe has developed the 'company environment plan' (PEE) in order to define, grade and quantify the objectives of an environmental policy at the scale of companies. Different types of environmental indicators can be defined to characterize the environmental impact of the activities of companies and reported in an 'environmental report' in order to precise the financial effort made by companies to respect the regulations or to evaluate the possible financial consequences of the non-respect of the environmental regulations. (J.S.)

A Decision Frameworkon Small and Medium Enterprises to Adopt Cloud Software as a Service

OpenAIRE

Lu Hsi-Peng; Liu Yao-Yuan

2016-01-01

Software as a service (SaaS)is the future trend in software services. However, only a few successful SaaS providerscurrently exist. This study investigated how Taiwanese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can utilize SaaS, giveSaaSprovidersbusiness strategy references, and supply a basis for information system operators to transfer service mode in order to innovate the provision of SaaS. The study is based on survey results obtained from 474 SMEs for a telecom company in Taiwan to determine ...

CLUSTER AS A MODEL OF SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRENEURSHIP IN THE TOURIST MARKET

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kresimir Mikinac

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Tourism has had an exceptionally long tradition in the Republic of Croatia. Therefore Croatia as such is not an unknown destination on the tourist map of the world. However, due to the globalization process and the increasingly strong competition in the tourist market, especially among the Mediterranean countries, several questions are raised: the question of competitiveness of the Croatian tourist product; as well as that of the competitiveness of Croatia as a tourist destination, and as an economy as a whole.The answer to the question why Croatian tourism does not achieve results proportional to its natural resource basis is to be sought at the company level. In fact, even though debate over achieving competitiveness and economic development is still frequently associated with the macroeconomic level, it is becoming increasingly clear that wealth and competitiveness are accumulated at the macroeconomic level of an economy.If we take into account that the main indicator of competitiveness of a company is productivity, in a broad perspective it being the basis of GDP, i.e. the standard of living in a country, it is easy to deduce that the productivity of Croatian companies falls significantly behind that of their European counterparts, where an especially big discrepancy is noticeable in the area of small enterprise.Even though tourism is unconceivable without the existing natural and cultural attractions, modern research undoubtedly indicates that competitiveness is directly associated with advanced specialised factors based on knowledge, developed specialised infrastructure, high technology and innovation, with a natural correlation between innovative capacity of a company and its size. As those factors are frequently beyond the reach of small and medium enterprises, the question of making them more available is raised, with the purpose of increasing the competitiveness of a tourist product, namely service.Precisely for this reason, in a time

CSR and Financial Performance: The Case of Polish Small and Medium Manufacturers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zaborek Piotr

2014-09-01

Full Text Available The paper explores the hypothesized link between involvement in social responsibility and financial performance. In particular, it looks at this relationship among Polish small and medium manufacturing companies that operate in food, beverage and cosmetics industries. The statistical analysis involves developing and testing structural model on the basis of data from a survey of 187 managers supplemented by validated financial metrics from an external database. The outcomes suggests the existence of a weak but statistically significant positive correlation between the CSR involvement construct and sales profit margin (β=0.2. However, CSR seems to have no discernible direct effect on ROA. The study, as the first project of this kind in Poland, adds to the sparse body of literature on financial outcomes of CSR in small and medium enterprises from emerging economies. Another distinguishing feature of this research is its methodological approach which compares favorably to many previous studies in terms of robustness.

VULNERABILITY OF COMPANIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ARMEAN ANDREEA

2013-06-01

Full Text Available In present, the study of vulnerability of companies is increasing in every field due to the unstable economic environment influences. The object of this research is to define and identify vulnerabilities of companies and the establishment of evaluation methods at their level. This article emphasizes the importance and usefulness of one of the best known model in this way, from our point of view, namely Băileşteanu, Negrila Pattern. This pattern covers both external factors and internal ones, that increase vulnerabilities of companies, and fit the companies in which the state of vulnerability are (vitality, viability, vulnerability, high vulnerability, difficulty and high difficulty, with a matrix. The result of the research is that any company belonging to any field, can be analyzed using this model, and assigned to one of the conditions defined within.

The Danish East India Company

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Karsten Engsig

2005-01-01

The article analysis the first Danish East India Company incorporated in 1616, which was the first Danish Stock Company and which has impacts even on modern Danish company la......The article analysis the first Danish East India Company incorporated in 1616, which was the first Danish Stock Company and which has impacts even on modern Danish company la...

Company Portfolios Answer the Question: What Do You Know about My Company?

Science.gov (United States)

Watson, Michelle L.

2001-01-01

Job seekers can demonstrate their knowledge of a potential employer by developing a company portfolio. Elements include company history, mission, values, and goals; size and location(s); financial status; and recent changes in the company and industry. (SK)

Beyond and between academia and business: How Austrian biotechnology researchers describe high-tech startup companies as spaces of knowledge production.

Science.gov (United States)

Fochler, Maximilian

2016-04-01

Research and innovation policy has invested considerable effort in creating new institutional spaces at the interface of academia and business. High-tech startups founded by academic entrepreneurs have been central to these policy imaginaries. These companies offer researchers new possibilities beyond and between academia and larger industry. However, the field of science and technology studies has thus far shown only limited interest in understanding these companies as spaces of knowledge production. This article analyses how researchers working in small and medium-sized biotechnology companies in Vienna, Austria, describe the cultural characteristics of knowledge production in this particular institutional space. It traces how they relate these characteristics to other institutional spaces they have experienced in their research biographies, such as in academia or larger corporations. It shows that the reasons why researchers decide to work in biotechnology companies and how they organize their work are deeply influenced by their perception of deficiencies in the conditions for epistemic work in contemporary academia and, to a lesser degree, in industry.

Analysis of the impact of ISO 14001 in the economic variables of the Spanish ceramic tile industry's companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Peiro-Signes, A.; Segarra-Ona, M.; Mondejar-Jimenez, J.; Vargas-Vargas, M.

2013-01-01

The increased in the adoption of formally environmental certified practices through environmental management systems is a provable fact. Its implementation, which has a high cost for the companies, is expected to generate benefits, although the relation between the implementation of ISO 14001 and its influence on the improvement of economic indicators over time has not been documented. This paper analyzes the relation between the implementation of an environmental management system, the ISO 14001, and economic performance in the short, medium and long term for the companies of the Spanish ceramic tile industry. It explores the economic indicators for each of the 66 manufacturing companies which have implemented the aforementioned standard from 1996 until 2009 through a comparison with a control group. Results show that ISO 14001 does not affect the economic results of the studied companies. We have not found significant differences in the operating income values, neither in the increase in revenues in the long term in any of the three analyzed periods, contrary to the expected results. (Author) 60 refs.

Leading Players of the Global Petrochemical Industry. Overview of Groups - SWOTs - Benchmarking - Company Profiles and Financials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-02-01

This study presents: The medium-term and mega trends of the industry market developments and geographical segments; The competitive landscape and the main corporate rankings; The main conclusions of the report, summarised in 10 analytical slides. Content: 1. Overview: The Sector, Ranking, Performance Analysis; 2. Company Profiles: ExxonMobil, Total, BASF, Dow Chemical, Reliance Industries, Sabic, LyondellBasell, Mitsubishi Chemical, LG Chem, Sumitomo Chemical; 3. Sources; 4. Annexes

Impact of VAT on the Profitability and the Cash Flow of Romanian Small and Medium Enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MARIA ZENOVIA GRIGORE

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The options available to taxpayers make tax systems attractive and give them an opportunity to choose one system or another after a careful analysis of the fiscal advantages and disadvantages of each choice. A small or medium company has to explore the options available, whether that is VAT registration or de-registration or choosing the best VAT special scheme. VAT optimisation is particularly interesting because of the high cash flow involved and because of the cash flow benefits that can be obtained. This paper presents an analysis of VAT costs and their impact on profitability and cash flow of small and medium enterprises. We also analysed specific mechanisms to improve profitability and cash flow through VAT optimisation.

IMPACT OF VAT ON THE PROFITABILITY AND THE CASH FLOW OF ROMANIAN SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTREPRISES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Zenovia GRIGORE

2014-05-01

Full Text Available The options available to taxpayers make tax systems attractive and give them an opportunity to choose one system or another after a careful analysis of the fiscal advantages and disadvantages of each choice. A small or medium company has to explore the options available, whether that is VAT registration or de-registration or choosing the best VAT special scheme. VAT optimisation is particularly interesting because of the high cash flow involved and because of the cash flow benefits that can be obtained. This paper presents an analysis of VAT costs and their impact on profitability and cash flow of small and medium enterprises. We also analysed specific mechanisms to improve profitability and cash flow through VAT optimisation.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS. A CASE STUDY ON THE INTEGRATED REPORTS OF AN IT COMPANY

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

GORGAN CĂTĂLINA

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Our analysis relies on the 2011 integrated report published by SAP, a European IT company included in the International Integrated Reporting Committee (IIRC Pilot Programme Business Network. The research methodology used is the analysis of the content as we search for a number of selected characteristics in the report and also for a set of key performance indicators (KPI. We use as references the guide provided by DVFA (Society of Investment Professionals in Germany and EFFAS (European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies – EFFAS (2010 for the software industry. The aim of our study is to analyse the way in which an IT company applies the guidelines recognised by the European Commission to identify and communicate the material nonfinancial information, in order to assess the organization’s abilities to create value on a short, medium and long term.

DETECTING OPTIMAL FINANCIAL AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE: THE CASE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SME IN REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jasenka Bubic

2016-03-01

Full Text Available One of the most frequent buzzwords nowadays in the economic science is word »optimum« or its adjective »optimal«. In most cases it includes the maximization of certain variables, but in the case of financial and capital structure it refers to the most favourable ratio of debt and capital. In order to determine the most suitable range of financial (capital structure it must be associated with company's success. The question that arises is – how to measure success of a company? There are many ways – most common is definitely profitability. But nowadays profitability in many cases cannot be reliable indicator of company's success because there are many ways to embellish »bottom line« without substantial upturns. There is notable number of cases in which profitable companies go bankrupt. That is the reason why business continuity was used as a measure of company's success in this paper. Relation between financial (capital structure and opening bankruptcy proceeding will be analyzed to determine which companies according to their affinities in financing are more likely to go bankrupt. Also, financial (capital structure movement in years before bankruptcy occured and difference between financial (capital structure of companies which belong to manufacturing and retail and wholesale activity will be analyzed. Sample consists of small and medium enterprises which operated in Republic of Croatia. They are divided in two subsamples – first subsample includes companies which have opened bankruptcy proceeding and second subsample includes companies which haven't opened bankruptcy proceeding and continued their business activity. Financial data was gathered from Croatian Financial Agency official website and data about bankruptcy proceedings was collected from Croatian Official Gazzette.

Leading Players of the Global Oil and Gas Industry. Overview of Groups - SWOTs - Benchmarking - Company Profiles and Financials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-07-01

This study presents: The medium-term and mega trends of the industry market developments and geographical segments; The competitive landscape and the main corporate rankings; The main conclusions of the report, summarised in 10 analytical slides. Content: 1. Overview: The Sector, Ranking, Performance Analysis; 2. Company Profiles: Sinopec, PetroChina, Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, Total, Chevron, Gazprom, Lukoil, Eni; 3. Sources; 4. Annexes

Regulating Listed Companies: Between Company Law and Financial Market Law in Danish Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Clausen, Nis Jul

2011-01-01

The article discusses different elements and aspects of the regulation of listed companies in particular whether such regulation should be placed in company law or in financial marked law.......The article discusses different elements and aspects of the regulation of listed companies in particular whether such regulation should be placed in company law or in financial marked law....

IMPORTANCIA Y DESAFÍOS DE LA CONSERVACIÓN DE Vanilla spp. (ORQUIDACEAE EN COSTA RICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jos\\u00E9 Bernal Azofeifa-Bola\\u00F1os

2014-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir la importancia y los principales retos del uso, manejo y conservación del género Vanilla en Costa Rica. Los temas tratados fueron: taxonomía en el país y a nivel mundial, datos sobre recolección y nuevas estimaciones de parientes silvestres, la importancia económica, ecológica y social, el acervo genético de las especies costarricenses, la situación del cultivo a nivel mundial (área cosechada, producción, rendimiento, principales países productores, causas que disminuyen el potencial productivo de las especies, los métodos de cultivo, la posibilidad de extinción de Vanilla planifolia y el potencial genético existente en el país respecto a la concentración de vainillina. Se expone una estrategia integral de conservación que pretende perpetuar los recursos fitogenéticos de vainilla en bancos de germoplasma a través de un sistema formal de producción de semillas, para su utilización ulterior con fines de mejoramiento, investigación y producción comercial. Además, mediante un uso sustentable se protegerán las especies y variedades costarricenses. Las personas, físicas o jurídicas, que utilicen dicho material deberán generar a los proveedores beneficios monetarios, o no monetarios, por el uso de los recursos a través de un sistema justo y equitativo. Las condiciones agroecológicas de Costa Rica así como el material genético de vainilla tanto silvestre como cultivado abren la posibilidad de desarrollar modelos productivos basados en la agricultura orgánica.

Estructura e importancia de la cadena productiva y comercial de la miel en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Magaña Magaña

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Los objetivos fueron analizar la importancia socioeconómica de la cadena productiva y del proceso comercial de la miel en México, así como examinar la problemática e influencia que dicho proceso ejerce en apicultor, en particular sobre el comportamiento de los precios, el valor generado y su distribución. Se utilizaron como marco metodológico y teórico los fundamentos del comercio interregional y de la economía de los mercados agrarios, los cuales permiten analizar la integración y relación entre los niveles de mercado. Se encontró que la importancia socioeconómica de la apicultura se limita principalmente a su aporte de divisas y generación de empleos e ingresos en el medio rural. El principal canal de comercialización de la miel a granel lo conforman el apicultor, los acopiadores rurales, la empresa comercializadora mayorista y el agente comercial internacional. La producción y comercialización de miel está integrada para su acopio, proceso y entrega al comercializador externo o, en su caso, su distribución al mercado interno, pero con limitado beneficio al apicultor. La cosecha y oferta de miel en el mercado se concentra en pocos meses; esta situación y la necesidad de liquidez de los productores, favorece la ventaja de apropiación de valor que tienen los otros eslabones de la cadena, en especial el mayorista, quien determina el precio. Así, el valor que se agrega a la miel en la cadena productiva y comercial no se distribuye equitativamente, y su diferencia estriba en la capacidad de apropiación o poder de mercado de cada participante.

Exploring the Perceptions of Inhibitors and Drivers of Social Media Progression among Small and Medium Enterprises at Different Stages of E-Business Maturity.

OpenAIRE

Velthoven, Gerlach

2009-01-01

The adoption of social media (web 2.0) in the e-marketing strategy of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is not yet researched much. Research findings in bigger companies in the USA, Europe and the Netherlands suggest that the issue is high on the think list of marketers and entrepreneurs. But what are the drivers and barriers for small and medium enterprises to make, execute, and further develop their strategy on social media? This paper places the perceptions and actions of 10 SMEs in the ...

Capital Structure Determinants of Small and Medium Enterprises in Croatia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nataša Šarlija

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Most of the research about capital structure is focused towards two theories: trade off theory (TOT and pecking order theory (POT. The idea is to explore which theory works better in certain conditions and identify the key determinants that affect the capital structure of the company. However, in different countries different determinants with opposite relation to the leverage are found to be significant. Besides, most of the previous researches are oriented on listed companies. The aim of this paper is to analyse the capital structure of small and medium enterprises in Croatia through the analysis of the fundamental determinants of the capital structure. The research was conducted on a data sample of 500 SMEs in Croatia in the period of 2005–2011. On the unbalanced panel data set a linear regression is applied. Influence of determinants on leverage is estimated by a static panel model with random effect and with fixed effect estimation. Four capital structure determinants are analysed: growth, size, profitability and tangible assets. The results of this research support the pecking order theory confirming that SMEs in Croatia are primarily financed frominternally generated funds that affect profitability, growth, tangible assets and enterprise size.

77 FR 20882 - Manning Grain Company; Acquisition and Operation Exemption; Fillmore Western Railway Company

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-06

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35612] Manning Grain Company; Acquisition and Operation Exemption; Fillmore Western Railway Company Manning Grain Company (MGC... Docket No. FD 35607, Manning Rail, Inc.--Acquisition and Operation Exemption--Manning Grain Company...

Significance assessment of small-medium sized reactors

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kanno, Minoru [Japan Atomic Power Co., Research and Development Dept., Tokyo (Japan)

2002-12-01

Preliminary assessment for deployment of small-medium sized reactor (S and M reactor) as a future option has been conducted at the JAPCO (Japan Atomic Power Company) under the cooperation with the CRIERI (Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry). Significance of the S and M reactor introduction is listed as follows; lower investment cost, possible siting near demand side, enlarged freedom of siting, shorter transmission line, good compatibility with slow increase of demand and plain explanation of safety using simpler system such as integral type vessel without piping, natural convection core cooling and passive safety system. The deployment of simpler plant system, modular shop fabrication, ship-shell structured building and longer operation period can assure economics comparable with that of a large sized reactor, coping with scale-demerit. Also the S and M reactor is preferable in size for the nuclear heat utilization such as hydrogen production. (T. Tanaka)

MERGER ACCOUTING FOR COMPANIES

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SUCIU GHEORGHE

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Companies, especially nowadays, are characterized through great mobility, fast circulation of capital, occurring in their chase for profit. In this context, companies look for alliances, economical and political assistance. These objectives can materialize through merging of companies. The merger can be internal (between Romanian companies or transboundary, which includes foreign companies. In order to correctly reflect these events, the merger operations must be regulated and must respect national and international regulations. One important request concerning the merger operations is that the accounting values of the assets, debts and ownership equity must be brought to the present financial value.

Countries and companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jenning, J.S.

1990-01-01

The trends and factors currently emerging are likely to have significant influence on the way the upstream oil and gas industry evolves in the coming decade. This paper discusses how these trends might influence events in the 1990s, particularly how they might influence relationships between host countries and companies in the oil industry. State owned companies will dominate the industry in resource terms. These statcos fall into three groups: a small group of technically able, financially sound, well-managed companies; a group of consumer statcos that have limited domestic production but significant domestic demand; a large group that are finding it difficult to maintain their production facilities in good standing to maximize recovery from their resources. This paper describes the future private sector as consisting of the Surviving Sisters and smaller, private companies very active in the upstream. How will these various players behave in the years to come? Conventional activity in the upstream will continue as companies seek to optimize their upstream portfolios

Global oil company profiles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-01-01

Global Oil Company Profiles provides a comprehensive review of 50 of the top oil companies in the world. Each chapter is devoted to an individual company, providing an invaluable insight into the organisation, its structure and operations. Using the most recent data available, the report offers an up-to-date analysis of performance and future direction, as well as a unique benchmarking system for each company profiled. (author)

SAFER - Company Snapshot

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Transportation — The Company Snapshot is a concise electronic record of company identification, size, commodity information, and safety record, including the safety rating (if any),...

Medium-Based Design: Extending a Medium to Create an Exploratory Learning Environment

Science.gov (United States)

Rick, Jochen; Lamberty, K. K.

2005-01-01

This article introduces "medium-based" design -- an approach to creating "exploratory learning environments" using the method of "extending a medium". First, the characteristics of exploratory learning environments and medium-based design are described and grounded in related work. Particular attention is given to "extending a medium" --…

Major multinational food and beverage companies and informal sector contributions to global food consumption: implications for nutrition policy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yach Derek

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background In recent years, 10 major multinational food and beverage companies have worked together within the International Food and Beverage Alliance (IFBA to increase their commitments to public health. Current IFBA commitments include initiatives to improve the nutrition quality of products and how these products are advertised to children. The impact and magnitude of IFBA member contributions to the total market share of packaged foods and beverages consumed remain incompletely understood, however. Methods In order to evaluate this impact, we examined packaged food and soft drink company shares provided by Euromonitor, an international independent market analysis company. Packaged foods include baby food, bakery, canned/preserved food, chilled/processed food, confectionery, dairy, dried processed food, frozen processed food, ice cream, meal replacement, noodles, oils and fats, pasta, ready meals, sauces, dressings and condiments, snack bars, soup, spreads, and sweet and savoury snacks. Soft drinks include carbonates, packaged fruit/vegetable juice, bottled water, functional drinks, concentrates, ready-to-drink tea, ready-to-drink coffee and Asian specialty drinks. We calculated the market shares for IFBA companies, globally and within nine countries--the US, China, India, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and the UK. Results Worldwide, the top ten packaged food companies account for 15.2% of sales, with each individual company contributing less than 3.3%. The top ten soft drink companies account for 52.3% of sales worldwide; Coca-Cola and PepsiCo lead with 25.9% and 11.5% of sales, respectively. Conclusions Although the top ten soft drink companies account for half of global sales, the top ten packaged food companies account for only a small proportion of market share with most individual companies contributing less than 3.3% each. Major multinational companies need to be joined by the myriad of small- and medium

Major multinational food and beverage companies and informal sector contributions to global food consumption: implications for nutrition policy

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

Background In recent years, 10 major multinational food and beverage companies have worked together within the International Food and Beverage Alliance (IFBA) to increase their commitments to public health. Current IFBA commitments include initiatives to improve the nutrition quality of products and how these products are advertised to children. The impact and magnitude of IFBA member contributions to the total market share of packaged foods and beverages consumed remain incompletely understood, however. Methods In order to evaluate this impact, we examined packaged food and soft drink company shares provided by Euromonitor, an international independent market analysis company. Packaged foods include baby food, bakery, canned/preserved food, chilled/processed food, confectionery, dairy, dried processed food, frozen processed food, ice cream, meal replacement, noodles, oils and fats, pasta, ready meals, sauces, dressings and condiments, snack bars, soup, spreads, and sweet and savoury snacks. Soft drinks include carbonates, packaged fruit/vegetable juice, bottled water, functional drinks, concentrates, ready-to-drink tea, ready-to-drink coffee and Asian specialty drinks. We calculated the market shares for IFBA companies, globally and within nine countries--the US, China, India, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and the UK. Results Worldwide, the top ten packaged food companies account for 15.2% of sales, with each individual company contributing less than 3.3%. The top ten soft drink companies account for 52.3% of sales worldwide; Coca-Cola and PepsiCo lead with 25.9% and 11.5% of sales, respectively. Conclusions Although the top ten soft drink companies account for half of global sales, the top ten packaged food companies account for only a small proportion of market share with most individual companies contributing less than 3.3% each. Major multinational companies need to be joined by the myriad of small- and medium-sized enterprises in developing and

Major multinational food and beverage companies and informal sector contributions to global food consumption: implications for nutrition policy.

Science.gov (United States)

Alexander, Eleanore; Yach, Derek; Mensah, George A

2011-08-01

In recent years, 10 major multinational food and beverage companies have worked together within the International Food and Beverage Alliance (IFBA) to increase their commitments to public health. Current IFBA commitments include initiatives to improve the nutrition quality of products and how these products are advertised to children. The impact and magnitude of IFBA member contributions to the total market share of packaged foods and beverages consumed remain incompletely understood, however. In order to evaluate this impact, we examined packaged food and soft drink company shares provided by Euromonitor, an international independent market analysis company. Packaged foods include baby food, bakery, canned/preserved food, chilled/processed food, confectionery, dairy, dried processed food, frozen processed food, ice cream, meal replacement, noodles, oils and fats, pasta, ready meals, sauces, dressings and condiments, snack bars, soup, spreads, and sweet and savoury snacks. Soft drinks include carbonates, packaged fruit/vegetable juice, bottled water, functional drinks, concentrates, ready-to-drink tea, ready-to-drink coffee and Asian specialty drinks. We calculated the market shares for IFBA companies, globally and within nine countries--the US, China, India, Egypt, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Turkey and the UK. Worldwide, the top ten packaged food companies account for 15.2% of sales, with each individual company contributing less than 3.3%. The top ten soft drink companies account for 52.3% of sales worldwide; Coca-Cola and PepsiCo lead with 25.9% and 11.5% of sales, respectively. Although the top ten soft drink companies account for half of global sales, the top ten packaged food companies account for only a small proportion of market share with most individual companies contributing less than 3.3% each. Major multinational companies need to be joined by the myriad of small- and medium-sized enterprises in developing and implementing programs to improve the

Importancia de la traducción e interpretación de idiomas para las empresas exportadoras de cacao

OpenAIRE

Martinetti Macias, Nicole; Chóez Ortega, Miriam

2015-01-01

El presente trabajo analiza la importancia del servicio de traducción e interpretación en las negociaciones internacionales por parte de las empresas ecuatorianas exportadoras, considerando que en la actualidad existe un mayor interés por parte de los productores locales por captar un porcentaje de mercado en Asia. De acuerdo a este hecho uno de los aspectos importantes es el papel del traductor y del intérprete en la comunicación con los importadores. Sin embargo, las empresas del sector ...

A study on the Chinese beliefs and their effects on small and medium sized business after 1990

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Kenneth Wall; Zhang Runtong; Yang Yancheng; Lin Hua

2008-01-01

As a result of economic reform commencing in 1978 in China, cultural beliefs of the Chinese business owners are changing. While much has been published concerning large and multinational businesses, there is a gap in knowledge Of cultural beliefs of small and medium sized enterprises. To provide new knowledge, a survey on these smaller sized enterprises located throughout China was conducted in the summer of 2006. Respondents were selected from urban and rural areas, coastal and inland provinces and various industries to provide information on their opinions on how some of their cultural beliefs have changed from 1990 to present. Specific beliefs questioned include: Use of fengshui, Traditional Forbidden Activities, Company Naming Responsibility, Company Name Basis, Use of Numbers, Use of Physiognomy, and Prediction of a Company's Future. The importance of fengshui has risen over in the last sixteen years and certain traditional forbidden activities such as not turning over the fish while eating has remained important as a cultural belief Naming a company is important and the desirability of a good name is based on various factors. Use of numbers, physiognomy, and non-scientific methods for predicting the future success of companies are of lesser use. These aspects of cuhure are reviewed in consideration of the change from a planned economy to a market-based economy.

La importancia del pensamiento estadístico en la Ingeniería de Fiabilidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raquel Caro

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Existe de modo creciente una notable inquietud por el control de la calidad en el tiempo, lo que ha dado lugar a la búsqueda de métodos capaces de abordar eficazmente el análisis de la fiabilidad. Los estudios de Grado y Máster de Ingeniería suelen ofrecer asignaturas tales como Estadística, Estadística Industrial, Control y Gestión de la Calidad o similares, donde se estudia la importancia de la fiabilidad y la calidad de los sistemas. En el ejercicio de sus atribuciones los ingenieros deberían desarrollar una nueva forma de pensar. El pensamiento estadístico es una manera de pensar, de comportarse, de actuar, de trabajar, de interacción con otros.

La Importancia del Intangible en la Empresa de Internet: Una Propuesta de Medición Contable

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Fuentes Martín

2005-04-01

Full Text Available En el presente documento de trabajo se analiza la importancia de intangible en el valor de la empresa de Internet y por tanto en la obtención de financiación para la misma, la problemática de su contabilización, así como un estudio empírico en el que se propone la aplicación de una metodología basada en las técnicas operativas proporcionadas por la teoría de los subconjuntos difusos, a la identificación, y posterior tratamiento de los intangibles generadores de ventaja competitiva y su inclusión en un "balance invisible.

LA IMPORTANCIA DE LOS EJES DE FIJACIÓN DEL PAISAJE URBANO EN LA EDUCACIÓN VIAL

OpenAIRE

Nina, Mónica Marianela; Filippeti, Rosana; Pauletto, Selva del Valle

2012-01-01

La enseñanza de los ejes de fijación en el espacio urbano son elementos que deben ser vinculados con la educación vial ya que la misma no forma parte del diseño curricular en la educación formal. El propósito del presente trabajo es que a través de la enseñanza de las funciones de las arterias de circulación como calles, avenidas, rutas, autopistas se busca la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes de la importancia de conocer los principios de la educación vial para prevenir los accidentes de trá...

Potential Beneficiaries Of Cloud Accounting Technology: Small Or Large Companies?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bogdan Ştefan Ionescu

2013-05-01

Full Text Available The article addresses the issue of Cloud Computing concept from the perspective of its implications on the business environment. In this respect we have analyzed the changes brought by the new technology which come to connect the discontinuities between the IT solutions adopted by small and medium organizations and those adopted by large corporations. The article analyzes the benefits and limitations of cloud both in terms of small companies and in terms of more developed entities. Whatever the size and type of organization but especially for SMEs Cloud provides a competitive advantage by providing access to affordable, reliable and flexible IT solutions that allows them to operate more efficiently among their competitors in the market.

CRM strategy in the case of Colombian companies of bio-products

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rojas Lopez, Miguel David; Vera, Madalyd; Arias, Maria Isabel

2012-01-01

The agricultural sector in Colombia and in the world presents growth rates, indicating potential customers for the use of inputs in production. The use of these products is increasingly constrained by environmental factors and health factors; thus, the market for bio-products for agricultural uses growth considerably, but far from achieving the sales of agro-chemical products. In Colombia, there are medium and small companies engaged in the development and production of technologies that compete with large corporations, for a market accustomed to use chemical products from traditional brands. The implementation of solid strategies for managing the customer relationships (CRM) will be an alternative to increase market share.

Leading Players of the European Power and Gas Industry Overview of Groups - SWOTs - Benchmarking - Company Profiles and Financials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-09-01

This study presents: The medium-term and mega trends of the industry market developments and geographical segments; The competitive landscape and the main corporate rankings; The main conclusions of the report, summarised in 10 analytical slides. Content: 1. Overview: The Sector, Ranking, Performance Analysis; 2. Company Profiles: EDF, Enel, Engie, RWE, E.ON, SSE, Iberdrola, Gas Natural Fenosa, Vattenfall, EDP; 3. Sources; 4. Annexes

17 CFR 250.12 - Exemption of certain public utility companies from the definition of subsidiary companies of...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... utility companies from the definition of subsidiary companies of holding companies. 250.12 Section 250.12... REGULATIONS, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 Registration and General Exemptions § 250.12 Exemption of certain public utility companies from the definition of subsidiary companies of holding companies...

Section 1: Company directory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1991-01-01

This is a 1992 directory of those companies doing business in all areas of the independent power producers industry. The listing includes the company name, address, telephone and FAX numbers, and the name of a company contact. The listing is international in scope

Global gas company profiles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1997-01-01

This report provides a detailed assessment of 60 of the top gas companies form around the world, analysing them according to their internal dynamics and in relation to their competitors. It devotes each chapter to an individual company, providing invaluable insight into the organisation's operational background, financial performance and strategic goals. Using the most up-to-date information available, Global Gas Company Profiles allows you to make detailed analysis of each company's performance and future direction. (author)

Importancia de la microbiota gastrointestinal en pediatría

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

V P Zamudio-Vázquez

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Las enfermedades del tubo gastrointestinal forman parte importante de la morbilidad y de la mortalidad mundiales; incluyen desde las enfermedades infecciosas, alérgicas, inflamatorias crónicas (como la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerativa hasta padecimientos considerados como funcionales, como el síndrome de intestino irritable. En algunas de ellas el tratamiento puede ser difícil, ya que en ocasiones pueden existir diferentes teorías en relación a las mismas y en las que se han encontrado múltiples factores tanto psicosociales como genéticos. En los últimos años ha cobrado gran importancia el papel que desempeña la microbiota intestinal en la génesis de algunas de ellas.   Desde el siglo XV se describió la presencia de microorganismos en el tubo gastrointestinal, pero fue hasta que se originó la biología molecular cuando se logró un mejor conocimiento de la función y la composición del ecosistema gastrointestinal, el cual contribuye de manera importante para los procesos de digestión y absorción de sustratos de la dieta, así como para las funciones inmunológicas y protectoras de la microbiota gastrointestinal en cada organismo, lo que resulta esencial para comprender su participación en el tratamiento y en la prevención de múltiples enfermedades.

Are Entrepreneur-Led Companies Better? Evidence from Publicly Traded U.S. Companies: 1998-2010

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joel M. Shulman

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Do U.S. publicly-traded companies led by entrepreneurs perform better than nonentrepreneur-led U.S. public companies? Our data suggests they do. We analyze monthly stock returns of U.S. publicly traded companies over the time period 1998-2010 and find compelling evidence demonstrating that irrespective of market capitalization and time period, companies led by U.S. entrepreneurs provide better stock performance than several stock market indices primarily comprised of non-entrepreneur-led U.S. companies.

Born global companies: A case study about the internationalization behaviours of Portuguese companies

OpenAIRE

Carlos, Diogo Miguel Pais Grou Simões

2015-01-01

Portuguese Born Global Companies have been performing an important role in the Portuguese market, mainly due to their innovative ideas and the positive contribution to exportations. This study focuses on the international strategies of four of these companies, comparing them with four international Non-Born Global Companies, in qualitative analysis. It will be possible to see a preference by the Non-Born Global Companies over proximate cultural countries. By following opportunities instead...

Distribución actual e importancia epidemiológica de las especies de triatominos (Reduviidae: Triatominae en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge A. Molina

2000-12-01

Full Text Available Se presenta la distribución geográfica y la importancia epidemiológica en la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas de las 23 especies de triatominos presentes en Colombia, tomando como base los registros bibliográficos existentes en el pais y las colecciones de referencia del Laboratorio de Entomologia del Instituto Nacional de Salud y del Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiologia y Parasitologia Tropical de la Universidad de los Andes; además, se realiza un análisis de las condiciones ecológicas en las cuales han sido registrados triatominos en los paises con fronteras con Colombia para poder establecer la presencia de posibles especies que aún no se han registrado en nuestro pais. De esta manera. existe la posibilidad de tener en Colombia especies con hábitos silvestres como: Alberprosenia malheiroi. Belminus laportei y Cavernicola lenti, preentes todas ellas en los departamentos amazónicos; Triatoma nigromaculata en la Cordillera Oriental y con hábitos intradomiciliarios; Panstrongylus chinai con posibilidad de encontrarse en hábitats selváticos o en las viviendas de los colonos de la Amazonia debido a su atracción por la luz y Alberprosenia goyovargasien hábitats silvestres de la frontera con Venezuela. Se resalta la importancia de la vigilancia entomológica a nivel nacional como estrategia para reforzar los estudios de triatominos silvestres en Colombia.

A design study for a medium-scale field demonstration of the viscous barrier technology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moridis, G.; Yen, P.; Persoff, P.; Finsterle, S.; Williams, P.; Myer, L.; Pruess, K.

1996-09-01

This report is the design study for a medium-scale field demonstration of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's new subsurface containment technology for waste isolation using a new generation of barrier liquids. The test site is located in central California in a quarry owned by the Los Banos Gravel Company in Los Banos, California, in heterogeneous unsaturated deposits of sand, silt, and -ravel typical of many of the and DOE cleanup sites and particularly analogous to the Hanford site. The coals of the field demonstration are (a) to demonstrate the ability to create a continuous subsurface barrier isolating a medium-scale volume (30 ft long by 30 ft wide by 20 ft deep, i.e. 1/10th to 1/8th the size of a buried tank at the Hanford Reservation) in the subsurface, and (b) to demonstrate the continuity, performance, and integrity of the barrier

El desequilibrio de importancia entre las lenguas oficiales de Bolivia ¿ Por qué existen lenguas que son más oficiales que otras?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cancino, Rita

EL DESEQUILIBRIO DE IMPORTANCIA ENTRE LAS LENGUAS OFICIALES DE BOLIVIA ¿ POR QUÉ EXISTEN LENGUAS QUE SON MÁS OFICIALES QUE OTRAS? Con la Constitución de Bolivia muchas lenguas originarias fueron declaradas oficiales y levantadas a un nivel de lengua oficial en paridad con el español. En el Artículo...... 5 de la Constitución boliviana, la Política del Estado reconoce oficialmente a 36 idiomas como lenguas oficiales. Este reconocimiento formó parte de un proceso de descolonización, devolviendo de esta manera el orgullo de las lenguas y culturas a los pueblos originarios de Bolivia. En 2012, se...... de Bolivia”. La pregunta es si esta política lingüística en realidad confiere a todas las lenguas oficiales el mismo peso, influencia e importancia o hay algunas menos poderosas. Palabras clave: Lenguas oficiales, política lingüística, lenguas originarias, bilingüismo, diglosia....

Los Humedales de la Quebrada Estero en San Ramón, Costa Rica: importancia y estado actual.

OpenAIRE

Rodríguez-Arias, Cindy Elena; Silva Benavides, Ana Margarita

2017-01-01

Los humedales de la microcuenca alta de la Quebrada Estero, en San Ramón, Costa Rica, son considerados una prioridad de conservación por su representatividad y ubicación que los hace únicos en su tipo. Por eso se planteó el objetivo de conocer su importancia y estado actual para que esta información sirva de base para su recuperación y conservación. Se llevó a cabo la identificación de los servicios ecosistémicos y de las amenazas e impactos que tienen las actividades humanas en ellos mediant...

FUNCIONES E IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA DEL RECURSO CHAPULIXTLE (DODONAEA VISCOSA) EN UN EJIDO DEL SUBTRÓPICO MEXICANO

OpenAIRE

José Isabel Juan Pérez

2013-01-01

El chapulixtle (Dodonaea viscosa) es una planta cosmopolita. Para demostrar la importancia económica de esta planta, se realizó una investigación de campo en un Ejido del Subtrópico Mexicano, durante el período 2010 - 2012. Fue explorado el hábitat de la planta y su utilización por parte de las familias campesinas. La investigación se sustentó en la Geografía Ambiental (Bocco, 2007) y la Ecología Cultural (Steward, 1955), complementándose con la aplicación de un cuestionario al 100% de las f...

'That proves my point': How mediums reconstrue disconfirmation in medium-sitter interactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Enoksen, Anette Einan; Dickerson, Paul

2018-04-01

Previous research has examined how the talk of mediums attends to the epistemological status of their readings. Such work has identified that mediums frequently use question-framed propositions that are typically confirmed by the sitter, thereby conferring epistemological status on the medium. This study seeks to investigate what happens when the sitter disconfirms the propositions of the medium. The study focuses on the ways in which such disconfirmation can be responded to such that it is reconstrued as evidence of the psychic nature of the medium's reading. Televised demonstrations of psychic readings involving British and US mediums and their sitters are analysed. The results suggest that mediums rework disconfirmation as proof in several ways: first, by emphasizing the different access that sitter and medium have to knowledge (e.g., about the future); second, as evidence that the medium has access to the actual voice of the deceased (and may therefore mishear what the deceased has said to them); and third, as revealing an important truth that has hitherto been concealed from the sitter. The implications of these findings are considered for cases where speakers bring different and potentially competing, epistemological resources to an interaction. © 2018 The British Psychological Society.

Information technology use in the food and beverage industry: a planning model for small and medium manufacturing enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gibson Barcelos Reggiani

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The determinant variables of the performance of small and medium companies (SMEs are associated to aspects of entrepreneurial capacity, regional economy, positioning in the market and type of operational management. These aspects are all influenced by the use of information technology (IT. This paper presents the intervening factors in the management process of these companies and a model that contemplates IT as an integrant part of the enterprise planning. The model, based on the Competence Theory, identifies in the business context of the company the critical factors to its success, the capacities and resources necessary to its sustain and the metrical which should reflect the evolution of the results of the company in relation to its objectives. Associated to these capacities IT resources are identified to be applied to upgrade the existing competences, or to develop new ones, according to the strategic focus and positioning of the company in the market. It is presented also a case study of a manufacturing SME of beverages where the model is being applied. The case shows some metrical results which certify the effectiveness of the model, although the short time of implantation. In spite of still being in the validation phase, with implementations in companies of other sectors, the model has shown favorable aspects mainly due to its  cognitive and recurrent approach, which is well appropriate to the management process of  SMEs.

75 FR 36153 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Terminations: Victore Insurance Company

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-24

... from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should not be renewed. The Circular may be... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds--Terminations: Victore Insurance Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service, Department of the...

Reflexiones sobre la importancia de la Crítica de Lucas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Sánchez Puerta

2005-04-01

Full Text Available La crítica de Lucas sostiene que, bajo la hipótesis de expectativas racionales, los parámetros estimados a partir de un modelo econométrico no se mantendrían. La ocurrencia de cambios de política llevaría a los agentes a modificar sus comportamientos, a fin de adecuarse a la nueva realidad. En consecuencia, los modelos econométricos no podrían utilizarse para fines de formulación de políticas económicas. La crítica de Lucas desafió rigurosamente el modo en que el modelado econométrico se utilizaba tradicionalmente como instrumento para la evaluación de políticas económicas y la forma en que se consideraba la política económica. Aunque la importancia empírica de la crítica sigue siendo motivo de debate, ella contribuyó a la imposición de nuevos patrones en el modelado de la interacción entre las reglas de política y las respuestas de los agentes privados.

Importancia agroecológica del coyul (Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Blanca C. Ramírez Hernández

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Acrocomia mexicana Karw. ex Mart. es una especie que se extiende desde el Pacífico mexicano hasta Centro y Sudamérica. El fruto (coyul es apreciado desde la época prehispánica, sin embargo, su consumo ha disminuido frente a otros frutos nativos y así como de los introducidos con mayor aceptación en el mercado. Se realizó un estudio en San Blas, Nayarit, México, en el que se llevó a cabo la caracterización de un agroecosistema típico donde se explotan poblaciones silvestres y cultivadas de coyul de forma tradicional y se resaltó la importancia económica, ecológica y cultural de la especie. Asimismo, se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica del fruto; la pulpa y la semilla son fuente principalmente de grasas. De esta especie se pueden obtener subproductos tales como aceites comestibles, alimento para ganado, artesanías, entre otros; igualmente se exponen alternativas de uso llevadas a cabo por otras regiones y países que puedan conducir a conservar espacios ecológicos y culturales.

Importancia clínica de las Chlamydias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Digna Llorente Molina

Full Text Available Introducción: las infecciones por Chlamydia han alcanzado alta incidencia en el mundo. Constituyen importantes patógenos para los animales y el hombre. En la especie humana pueden ocasionar múltiples infecciones en diferentes órganos y sistemas de órganos. Objetivo: resumir los aspectos más novedosos relacionados con las Chlamydias en cuanto a sus características y formas de evitarla. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre la importancia clínica de las Chlamydias en la especie humana y su elevada incidencia. Se consultó la base de datos Medline disponible en INFOMED, de donde se extrajeron referencias bibliográficas entre los años 1995 y 2011, acerca de algunos aspectos etiológicos, clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de acuerdo a los últimos apuntes más relevantes en la literatura médica sobre Chlamydias y su relación con el hombre. Resultados: la Chlamydia Trachomatis en particular responsable del tracoma, primera causa de ceguera prevenible, provoca un impacto deletéreo en la salud reproductiva, produciendo entidades como abortos espontáneos, rotura prematura de membranas, restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, endometritis, conjuntivitis y neumonía del recién nacido. Es responsable además de Linfogranuloma Venéreo, Uretritis no Gonocóccica, Síndrome de Reiter, Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica, Síndrome de Fitz Hugh Curtis, Embarazo Ectópico Crónico, Dolor Pélvico Crónico y más recientemente Carcinoma Cervical, entre otras. Conclusiones: partiendo de la base del impacto social y económico que tiene la infección por Chlamydias en el mundo y en nuestro país, pudimos resumir los aspectos más novedosos en cuanto a los tipos, infecciones que causan y sus características, diagnóstico, terapéutica y medidas generales para evitarlas o reducir su impacto negativo en la sociedad.

Company environmental communication

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andriola, L.; Luciani, R.; Borghini, S.

2001-01-01

Environmental communication is becoming a sine qua non for companies which are more and more pressed by the need to reinforce communication with interested parties: environmental groups, local communities, local and national authorities, employees, share-holders, banks, insurance companies, customers and consumers. Reliable environmental information, just like economical and property data, is now required during both company take-over and financing, and in some cases it can affect insurance premiums. In fact, environmental guarantees are more and more often required because breaching environmental regulations can entail legal sanctions going as far as suspension of business. There now also Green investment funds that engage their resources only against specific environmental guarantees on the part of the companies that, before being selected for the investment, are submitted to rather accurate questionnaires by the investment manager [it

International company restructuring and the effects on high-skilled employees in lead companies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Nana Wesley

2016-01-01

insulated from international restructuring processes. However, effects on wage and working conditions vary dependent on the motivation for restructuring, and as companies learn to take advantage of pools of skilled employees abroad. Continued international restructuring appear to challenge the insulation......International company restructuring involving knowledge intensive jobs causes increasing concern about the effect on the globalization of high-skilled employees. Drawing on case studies in four Danish-based companies, this article argues that high-skilled employees in lead companies are rarely...... of high-skilled workers over time. Further, the article shows that knowledge intensive Companies increasingly apply relational global value chain governance with multidirectional consequences for wage and working conditions among the high-skilled employees....

76 FR 30397 - Faribault Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, MN; Faribo Woolens, Inc., a Related Company of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-05-25

... Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, MN; Faribo Woolens, Inc., a Related Company of Faribault Woolen Mill... December 9, 2009, applicable to workers of Faribault Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, Minnesota. The notice... Mill Company, a retail outlet store for the subject firm, Faribault Woolen Mill Company. Accordingly...

Company Vision and Organizational Learning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vojko Toman

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The effectiveness of a company is largely dependent on the company itself; it depends above all on its corporate governance, management, and implementation, as well as on decision-making processes and coordination. Many authors believe that organizational learning and knowledge are the most relevant aspects of company effectiveness. If a company wants to be effective it needs to create and realize its vision; to do this, it needs creativity, imagination, and knowledge, which can be obtained or enhanced through learning. This paper defines vision, learning, creativity and management and, above all, their relationships. The author argues that company vision influences the learning and knowledge of employees in the company through the vision’s content, through the vision-creating process, and through the vision enforcement process. Conversely, the influence of learning on company vision is explained. The paper is aimed at the use in the practice of companies and helps them to increase their effectiveness.

Health challenges in South African automotive companies: Wellness in the workplace

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anna Meyer-Weitz

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Orientation: In South Africa, workplace programmes in the automotive industry focus predominantly on occupational health and safety and HIV and AIDS. The implementation of focused workplace interventions might be hampered when companies are not convinced that the condition (i.e. HIV and AIDS is the main negative health influencing factor responsible for increased production costs. Research purpose: The study investigated the health influencing conditions perceived to negatively impact company production costs and related interventions. Motivation for the study: Apart from HIV and AIDS, little information is available about the health challenges in the South African workplace and focused HIV and AIDS programmes might only partly respond to the key health challenges of workplaces. The inter-relatedness of various risky lifestyle factors linked to health conditions necessitates a comprehensive health promotion approach. Research approach, design and method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted amongst 74 companies selected through stratified random sampling. Non-parametric tests were conducted to investigate the health influencing factors perceived to impact production costs, the monitoring thereof, extent of containment and the implementation of interventions in terms of company size and ownership. Main findings: The health factors perceived to have a moderate to large impact were HIV and AIDS, smoking, alcohol use, stress, back and neck ache and tuberculosis, also reported to be better monitored and managed by medium and large organisations. Small organisations reported a smaller impact, fewer efforts and less success. HIV and AIDS programmes were more evident in large companies and those with wellness programmes (52%. Workplace programmes enabled better monitoring and managing of impacting health conditions. Smaller organisations were not convinced of the benefits of interventions in addressing health challenges. Practical

JAPANESE MONOPOLIST COMPANIES – INSTRUMENTS OF THE 'NATIONAL POLICY'

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mihut Marius Ioan

2012-12-01

Full Text Available As the title suggests, this article discusses the problem of monopolistic Japanese companies, unique features among advanced countries, and perhaps worldwide. The japanese most ardent desire was always to reach and to overcome the Western, and, as a balanced development of all companies would have taken a long time, japanese policy makers decided to support only those with good performances, around them being concentrated all energies in the east Asian archipelago. Following these important efforts (from the State, small and medium companies, people, etc., as it is well known, Japan has succeeded, precisely by those holdings, to become a tough opponent for developed countries and even to overcome them, becoming the second global power behind the United States. The importance of this article derives precisely from the fact that these companies (Zaibatsu and later hondings were the driving force behind Japan's economic development, whether we talk about the period preceding the Second World War or the next one. Even if after the American occupation, it was wanted with at all costs their liquidation, holdings being considered as close to prewar militaristic power, after the American withdrawal from the archipelago, they were rebuilt as a Japanese principle, the foundation of Japanese reconstruction. The paper aims to embody the main dimensions on which these companies have arrived, as well as their structure, the relations between them, their organization. On the topic discussed, the literature contains more general issue of the Japanese economy, without being paid (at least in the contemporary period consideration to these main pillars of Japanese capitalism development. The main work in which they are giving increased attention is written at the end of the Second World War, thus the need for the additions concerning the next period is important. The authors’ contribution lies precisely in the synthesis of information that he provides, from

Oil Companies Climb Global List

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

JESSY ZHANG

2006-01-01

@@ Backed by the huge market size,China's energy companies have been ranked in the group of the world's largest industry players. On September 6th,eight companies from the Chinese mainland and six companies from Hong Kong SAR were included in this year's Platts Top 250 Energy Companies List.

US market potential for small and medium-sized nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hardie, R.W.; Jackson, S.V.

1988-01-01

This paper presents the results of on-site interviews with representatives of 23 investor-owned utilities and 3 publicly-owned utilities. The purpose of the interviews was to obtain information on utilities' attitudes towards small and medium-sized power plants and towards building new nuclear plants in general. Most of the utilities interviewed preferred power plants smaller than the ones currently being offered, as long as the smaller plants did not incur a major economic penalty. However, according to the utilities interviewed, without changes in the current environment it is unlikely that there will be a significant market for new nuclear plants of any size. A trend in the utility industry towards generating companies appears to be a positive step. (orig.)

US market potential for small and medium-sized nuclear reactors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hardie, R.W.; Jackson, S.V.

1987-01-01

This paper presents the results of on-site interviews with representatives of 23 investor-owned utilities and 3 publicly-owned utilities. The purpose of the interviews was to obtain information on utilities' attitudes toward small and medium-sized power plants and towards building new nuclear plants in general. Most of the utilities interviewed preferred power plants smaller than the ones currently being offered, as long as the smaller plants did not incur a major economic penalty. However, according to the utilities interviewed, without changes in the current environment it is unlikely that there will be a significant market for new nuclear plants of any size. A trend in the utility industry towards generating companies appears to be a positive step. (author)

78 FR 15053 - Simpson Lumber Company, LLC, Shelton, Washington; Simpson Lumber Company, LLC, Tacoma, Washington...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-08

...,372B] Simpson Lumber Company, LLC, Shelton, Washington; Simpson Lumber Company, LLC, Tacoma, Washington; Simpson Lumber Company, LLC, Longview, Washington; Notice of Revised Determination on Reconsideration On... Reconsideration for the workers and former workers of Simpson Lumber Company, LLC, Shelton, Washington (TA-W-81...

The importance of corporate social responsibility for advertising of social capital in small and medium enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rogério Rodrigues da Silva

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Social, economic and technological changes within the modern world have transformed the role of companies before society and, through this prism, the issue of Corporative Social Responsibility stands out. However, for small and mediumsized companies, there are several limitations which prevent their management to benefit from a bigger integration in such matter. As a means of overcoming obstacles, a broader application of social capital concept is been attemptively set through stronger trust bonds, belief and norm sharing, and social network interaction. Therefore, the present study aims to present the theory of social capital and link it to Corporative Social Responsibility and comprehend their interactions, applicability and gains applied to small and medium enterprises. It is also pointed out some variables which may serve to measure Corporative Social Responsibility and Social Capital in future researches.

Statistical Results of Activities Categorization in Czech Agricultural Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Svobodová J.

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In today’s competitive environment, to identify and correctly adjust the individual components of the business model is an important strategic device for every entrepreneur. This paper (preliminary study deals with different types of business models applied to the sector of small and medium-size farms in the Czech Republic. The main objective was to identify and categorize activities undertaken by Czech farmers into homogeneous clusters and offer recommendations on possible business model modification. The research was based on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (hereafter FADN. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were carried out as part of the assessment, under which farms are categorized into homogeneous groups. The results showed that the farms surveyed can be categorized according to similar economic characteristics, production plans, and implementation processes into three basic clusters. The first business model is elaborated for the classic field production and various kinds of vegetable or livestock production, the second model for the special crop and livestock production, and the third one for the animal production. The use of FADN data and the fact that most Czech agricultural companies are of small- and medium-size should be taken into account as limiting factors of the study.

The level of the usage of the human resource information system and electronic recruitment in Croatian companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Snježana Pivac

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Performing business according to contemporary requirements influences companies for continuous usage of modern managerial tools, such as a human resource information system (HRIS and electronic recruitment (ER. Human resources have been recognised as curtail resources and the main source of a competitive advantage in creation of successful business performance. In order to attract and select the top employees, companies use quality information software for attracting internal ones, and electronic recruitment for attracting the best possible external candidates. The main aim of this paper is to research the level of the usage of HRIS and ER within medium-size and large Croatian companies. Moreover, the additional aim of this paper is to evaluate the relationship among the usage of these modern managerial tools and the overall success of human resource management within these companies. For the purpose of this paper, primary and secondary research has been conducted in order to reveal the level of the usage of HRIS and ER as well as the overall success of human resource management in Croatian companies. The companies’ classification (HRIS and ER is done by using the non-hierarchical k-means cluster method as well as the nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test. Further, the companies are ranked by the multicriteria PROMETHEE method. Relevant nonparametric tests are used for testing the overall companies’ HRM. Finally, binary logistic regression is estimated, relating binary variable HRM and HRIS development. After detailed research, it can be concluded that large Croatian companies apply HRIS in majority (with a positive relation to HRM performance, but still require certain degrees of its development.

Reorganization of the nuclear energy industry from the point of view of supply companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Holzer, J.

1990-01-01

The actual state of the waste management concept for low and medium level radioactive wastes from nuclear power plants, and the most important social components involved, are outlined and evaluated, the starting point of the developments being the occurrences related to the Transnuklear company, which escalated into a public scandal. A new waste management concept is presented which is marked above all by a clear separation of entrepreneurial responsibility, and by a strict application of clear guidelines. It is imperative to regain confidence in the branch in a joint effort. (UA) [de

Study on Municipal Energy Companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2009-07-01

This is a summarizing overview of the local, renewable energy initiatives that are grouped under the heading of 'municipal energy company'. A municipal energy company (or sustainable energy company) is a local energy company that initiates, coordinates and/or manages sustainable energy projects with the primary objective of realizing the climate objectives. [nl

Leading Players of the Global Renewable Energy Equipment Industry. Overview of Groups - SWOTs - Benchmarking - Company Profiles and Financials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2017-06-01

This study presents: The medium-term and mega trends of the industry market developments and geographical segments; The competitive landscape and the main corporate rankings; The main conclusions of the report, summarised in 10 analytical slides. Content: 1. Overview: The Sector, Ranking, Performance Analysis; 2. Company Profiles: Toshiba, Vestas, Dong Energy, GE Renewable Energy, Siemens, Goldwind, First Solar, SunPower, Andritz, Yingli Green Energy; 3. Sources; 4. Annexes

Climaterio y menopausia: importancia de su atención en el nivel primario

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Lugones Botell

1997-10-01

Full Text Available Se realiza una revisión relacionada con el climaterio y la menopausia donde se relacionan sus bases anatomofisiológicas con los diversos aspectos biológicos, psicosociales, sexuales y con las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y el cáncer ginecológico, en la que se resalta la necesidad de una atención diferenciada y especializada, así como integral, de estas mujeres, por la importancia que tiene mejorar la calidad y el estilo de vida para hacer prevención y promoción de salud.A review concerning climateric and menopause is made and their anatomophysiological bases are related to the different biological psychosocial and sexual aspect and to non-communicable chronic disease and gynecological cancer. it is stressed the need of giving these women a diferentiated, specialized and com0prenhensive attention so as to improve their quality of life and their life style and to prevent diseases and promote health.

Automated Demand Response Technology Demonstration Project for Small and Medium Commercial Buildings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Page, Janie; Kiliccote, Sila; Dudley, Junqiao Han; Piette, Mary Ann; Chiu, Albert K.; Kellow, Bashar; Koch, Ed; Lipkin, Paul

2011-07-01

Small and medium commercial customers in California make up about 20-25% of electric peak load in California. With the roll out of smart meters to this customer group, which enable granular measurement of electricity consumption, the investor-owned utilities will offer dynamic prices as default tariffs by the end of 2011. Pacific Gas and Electric Company, which successfully deployed Automated Demand Response (AutoDR) Programs to its large commercial and industrial customers, started investigating the same infrastructures application to the small and medium commercial customers. This project aims to identify available technologies suitable for automating demand response for small-medium commercial buildings; to validate the extent to which that technology does what it claims to be able to do; and determine the extent to which customers find the technology useful for DR purpose. Ten sites, enabled by eight vendors, participated in at least four test AutoDR events per site in the summer of 2010. The results showed that while existing technology can reliably receive OpenADR signals and translate them into pre-programmed response strategies, it is likely that better levels of load sheds could be obtained than what is reported here if better understanding of the building systems were developed and the DR response strategies had been carefully designed and optimized for each site.

Exploring the Perceptions of Inhibitors and Drivers of Social Media Progression among Small and Medium Enterprises at Different Stages of E-Business Maturity.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Gerlach Velthoven

2009-01-01

The adoption of social media (web 2.0) in the e-marketing strategy of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) is not yet researched much. Research findings in bigger companies in the USA, Europe and the Netherlands suggest that the issue is high on the think list of marketers and entrepreneurs. But what

ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CSR CONCEPT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Kaźmierczak

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This article attempts to assess the importance of the environmental dimension of the concept of corporate social responsibility (Social Corporate Responsibility - CSR in small and medium-sized enterprises. The first part describes the essence of corporate social responsibility. The second part is the basic pillar of CSR, which is an ecological area. The third part presents the environmental efforts undertaken by small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of CSR. The analysis was based on the literature available and data obtained from empirical research conducted by the writer. The results show that companies, however in different extent undertake ecological activities willingly. Furthermore, those activities benefit not only in terms of the environmental dimension of CSR, but also in other areas of the organization.

Factors Influencing Company Relations with Market Stakeholders, in the Face of Crises in Company Development

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Olszewska Barbara

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Crises in company development are a particular subset of management crises. They emerge on various stages of company development, as a result of gradual depletion of effective management solutions. Crisis situations in companies have varied impact on company stakeholders. The paper presents results of empirical studies of factors influencing company relations with market stakeholders and those that facilitate the process of restoring and maintaining any relations that suffered in the course of crises in company development. The authors’ intention was to identify such factors and evaluate their importance, in relation to various stages of company development and the associated types of crisis situations faced by companies. Empirical studies suggest that certain factors may facilitate conflict resolution in matters concerning company relations with market stakeholders, and that the impact of these factors varies depending on the phase of organizational development and the type of the associated crisis situation. It must be noted, that one of the most important factors to influence problem resolution is the perceived honesty of the exchange participants. Moreover, research suggests that opinions on the significance of organizational dependence of exchange participants in the resolution of problems in relations with market stakeholders are varied.

Importancia del conteo de células somáticas en la calidad de la leche

OpenAIRE

Hernández Reyes, Juan Manuel; Bedolla Cedeño, José Luís Carlos

2008-01-01

Este trabajo es una revisión sobre la importancia de las células somáticas en la calidad de la leche. Las células somáticas son, entre otras, células blancas propias del organismo que le sirven como defensa a la glándula mamaria de la vaca contra organismos patógenos. La determinación del contenido de células somáticas de la leche del tanque, o de los cuartos de la glándula mamaria de las vacas, es el medio auxiliar de diagnóstico más importante para juzgar el estado de salud de la ubre de un...

Osteomielitis: Criterios actuales e importancia para el Estomatólogo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elena Morán López

2001-04-01

Full Text Available Entre las múltiples afecciones que se presentan en el complejo bucofacial se encuentra la osteomielitis, una enfermedad ósea poco frecuente, que con el advenimiento de los antibióticos ha dejado de ser un problema de salud para muchos países del mundo. Dada la importancia que tiene su conocimiento para el estomatólogo, se recopilan criterios actuales sobre esta entidad en lo referente a la etiopatogenia, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento, especialmente cuando afecta al maxilar o a la mandíbula. Tomando como base algunas consideraciones generales, y abarcando varios elementos, se exponen las características macroscópicas y microscópicas de las lesiones causadas por esta enfermedad.Among the various affections of the orofacial complex is osteomyelitis, a rare bone disease that, with the introduction of antibiotics, has cesed to be a health problem in many countries. Given the importante of the detection of this disease by the dentist, present criteria on this entity as to etiopathogenecity, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment are collected, specially when the maxilla or the jaw is affected. Taking some general considerations and a number of elements as a basis, some macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the lesions caused by this disease were set forth in this paper.

Results from an exploratory study to identify the factors that contribute to success for UK medical device small- and medium-sized enterprises.

Science.gov (United States)

Hourd, P C; Williams, D J

2008-07-01

This paper reports the results from an exploratory study that sets out to identify and compare the strategic approaches and patterns of business practice employed by 14 UK small- and medium-sized enterprises to achieve success in the medical device sector of the health-care industry. An interview-based survey was used to construct individual case studies of the medical device technology (MDT) companies. A cross-case analysis was performed to search for patterns and themes that cut across these individual cases. Exploratory results revealed the heterogeneity of MDT companies and the distinctive features of the MDT innovation process that emphasize the importance of a strategic approach for achieving milestones in the product development and exploitation process and for creating value for the company and its stakeholders. Recognizing the heterogeneity of MDT companies, these exploratory findings call for further investigation to understand better the influence of components of the MDT innovation process on the commercialization life cycle and value trajectory. This is required to assist start-up or spin-out MDT companies in the UK and worldwide to navigate the critical transitions that determine access to financial and consumer markets and enhance the potential to build a successful business. This will be important not only for bioscience-based companies but also for engineering-based companies aiming to convert their activities into medical devices and the health- and social-care market.

ONE PERSON COMPANY IN INDIA: A SYNOPTIC VIEW IN THE LIGHT OF THE COMPANIES ACT, 2013

OpenAIRE

ROY, SUHAS

2016-01-01

One Person Company (OPC) is a revolutionary concept that has been elaborately discussed in the Companies Act, 2013. It is one of the classifications of companies based on the number of persons. One Person Company (OPC) means a company which has only one individual as a member. Only natural-born citizens viz., small businessmen, entrepreneurs, artisans, weavers or traders among others can reap the benefits of One Person Company (OPC). Non-resident Indians cannot form an OPC. The shareholder sh...

Determinants of Supply and Demand for Trade Credit by Micro, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudinê Jordão de Carvalho

2015-08-01

Full Text Available This article investigates the determinant factors of supply and demand for trade credit by micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs, using data collected in a survey of managers from 481 firms in 32 cities in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais (Brazil between 2008 and 2010. The multivariate relationship model proposed here is grounded in trade credit, agency and transaction costs theories. This study is based on a technique known as path analysis that uses a system of simple regressions estimated by simultaneous equations. The main results show the following: (i trade credit and short-term bank loans are supplementary (and not substitute sources of funds for MSMEs, which demonstrates that trade credit can be used by financial institutions as an indicator of the creditworthiness of the company; (ii the proportion of credit sales, the days sales outstanding measure and sales growth are positively related to the amount of trade credit demanded, which suggests that trade credit is transferred along the supply chain; and (iii the supply of trade credit is positively related to the importance that management ascribes to both internal capital and bank credit, which illustrates the strategic use of the supply of trade credit to increase sales. These results have important implications for companies' managers, financial institutions and the government agencies responsible for formulating policies that support and promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Management of environmental aspects as well as impacts in a company of tubes, sized tubes and conicals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marco Aurélio Batista de Sousa

2007-10-01

Full Text Available This article aims to describe the application of the Management Method of Environment Impacts and Aspects - MMEIA( GAIA - in a industrial company of medium size. The research is charactarized as exploratory, with a qualitative approach as well as quantitative that is done by a case in a industry that makes tubes, small tubes and conicals paper and sized paper. The data were colected by visits to industry, with the verification of its produtive process, research and documents analysis, interviews non structured with the managers and workers of the company as well as a questionnaire application referent to MMEIA (GAIA method aspects. The results of this mthod application are satisfactory about the observed aspects, although the company presents some questions that still can be improved in its produtice process. One can conclude the at the end of this study the organization started the people sensibilization as well as to the processes improvement, searching ways of developing its activiteies focalized on the environmental development and on the sustentability.

Third European Company Survey: Workplace innovation in European companies

OpenAIRE

Oeij, P.; Žiauberyté-Jakštiené, R.; Dhondt, S.; Corral, A.; Totterdill, P.; Preenen, P.

2015-01-01

Workplace innovation (WPI) is a developed and implemented practice or combination of practices which enables employees to participate in organisational change and renewal and hence improve the quality of working life and organisational performance. This report looks at reasons for enabling WPI, adoption and implementation, and impact on organisation and management, employees and employee representatives. The research is based on 51 companies identified in Eurofound’s third European Company Su...

75 FR 6791 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Termination: Trinity Universal Insurance Company

Science.gov (United States)

2010-02-10

.... However, no new bonds should be accepted from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds--Termination: Trinity Universal Insurance Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service...

77 FR 29472 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Termination: Atlantic Bonding Company, Inc.

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-17

... be accepted from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should not be renewed. The... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds--Termination: Atlantic Bonding Company, Inc. AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service, Department...

75 FR 33897 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Terminations: Commercial Alliance Insurance Company

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-15

... be accepted from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should not be renewed. The... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds--Terminations: Commercial Alliance Insurance Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service...

Geographical proximity on the valuations of unlisted agrarian companies: Does distance from company to company and to strategic points matter?

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Occhino, P.; Maté, M.

2017-07-01

This paper is a first attempt to examine the role played by the geography on agrarian firms’ valuations. The geography was evaluated through the physical proximity from agrarian companies to other companies and to some strategic points which ease their accessibility to external economic agents. To get our purpose, we developed an empirical application on a sample of non-listed agrarian Spanish companies located in the region of Murcia over the period 2010-2015. We applied Discount Cash Flow methodology for non-listed companies to get their valuations. With this information, we used spatial econometric techniques to analyse the spatial distribution of agrarian firms’ valuations and model the behavior of this variable. Our results supported the assertion that agrarian firms’ valuations are conditioned by the geography. We found that firms with similar valuations tend to be grouped together in the territory. In addition, we found significant effects on agrarian firms valuations derived from the geographical proximity among closer agrarian companies and from them to external agents and transport facilities.

Geographical proximity on the valuations of unlisted agrarian companies: Does distance from company to company and to strategic points matter?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Occhino, P.; Maté, M.

2017-01-01

This paper is a first attempt to examine the role played by the geography on agrarian firms’ valuations. The geography was evaluated through the physical proximity from agrarian companies to other companies and to some strategic points which ease their accessibility to external economic agents. To get our purpose, we developed an empirical application on a sample of non-listed agrarian Spanish companies located in the region of Murcia over the period 2010-2015. We applied Discount Cash Flow methodology for non-listed companies to get their valuations. With this information, we used spatial econometric techniques to analyse the spatial distribution of agrarian firms’ valuations and model the behavior of this variable. Our results supported the assertion that agrarian firms’ valuations are conditioned by the geography. We found that firms with similar valuations tend to be grouped together in the territory. In addition, we found significant effects on agrarian firms valuations derived from the geographical proximity among closer agrarian companies and from them to external agents and transport facilities.

The development of a neutralizing amines based reagent for maintaining the water chemistry for medium and high pressures steam boilers

Science.gov (United States)

Butakova, M. V.; Orlov, K. A.; Guseva, O. V.

2017-11-01

An overview of the development for neutralizing amine based reagent for water chemistry of steam boilers for medium and high pressures was given. Total values of the neutralization constants and the distribution coefficients of the compositions selected as a main criteria for reagent composition. Experimental results of using this new reagent for water chemistry in HRSG of power plant in oil-production company are discussed.

Innovation in Industrial Clusters: a Survey of Footwear Companies in Brazil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hélcio Martins Tristão

2013-09-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to characterize the relationships in innovation and business clustering processes in the productive chain of small and medium enterprises (SME of Brazil. The object of study are SMEs the local procuctive cluster of the shoes in Franca, State of São Paulo. The conceptual model developed is based on the following constructs: vertical integration, innovation and characteristics of the cluster, and it is focused on identifying the agents that act predominantly in product innovation processes in the cluster. A survey was conducted. It was found that there is cooperation between the companies in the productive arrangement studied, and that shoe manufacturers are those who, predominantly, stimulate innovation within the cluster.

Importancia de la donación de células madre en pacientes con anemia de Fanconi

OpenAIRE

Sánchez Martín, Lucía

2014-01-01

La importancia de la donación tanto de médula ósea como de sangre del cordón umbilical se debe a que contiene unas células denominadas células madre. Estas células pueden ser de dos tipos: embrionarias, que se obtienen de la sangre del cordón umbilical, y maduras, que se pueden obtener de la médula ósea y de sangre periférica. La capacidad que tienen estas células y las hace tan especiales es que pueden dividirse formando nuevas células madre, o formar otras células más especializa...

75 FR 38188 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Termination: Stonebridge Casualty Insurance Company

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... should be accepted from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should not be renewed. The... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service [NAIC 10952] Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds--Termination: Stonebridge Casualty Insurance Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal...

75 FR 81331 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds: Termination-Penn Millers Insurance Company

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-27

... should be accepted from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should not be renewed. The... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds: Termination--Penn Millers Insurance Company AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service, Department...

RISK MANAGEMENT IN SMALL AND MEDIUM – SIZED ENTERPRISES: A GENDER-SENSITIVE APPROACH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iwona Gorzeń-Mitka

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Risk is inherent in all business functions and in every kind of activity. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs are particularly vulnerable to continuously daily internal and external undesirable events that adversely affect business performance. To deal with many risk determinants effectively, SMEs need a systemic method of approach to risk management. One of the factors of company risk management approach is gender of the owners or top executives. Especially from a managerial perspective, the link between risk-taking and gender has been examined through a wide range of approaches, such as entrepreneurial orientation and leadership related literatures. Some researchers point that male SME owners appear to show a greater risk appetite than female SME owners. The leading question in the undertaken research was to determine whether the gender of the firm's owners or top executives are reflected in the approach to risk management. The focal point of the research is identification of differences in risk taking and risk management in Polish SMEs companies from a gender perspective.

Employee Reviews on Company Independent Sites and its Impact on Organizational Attractiveness: Role of Information Realism, Person – Environment Fit and Source Credibility Framework

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tavleen Kaur

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Extant literature on recruitment has focused on the traditional sources of recruitment like company brochures, career fairs, and impact of such sources on intent to join the organization, productivity and turnover intention. The influence of recruitment related information on pre hire outcomes is still scarce and inconclusive. With the advent of technology and access to Internet, company websites have become an important source of recruitment. Apart from company websites, job seekers are now using company independent websites, forums or online communities to gather a more truthful picture and information about the job and organizational attributes. Social media too has become increasingly important medium where the current employees’ share how it is to work with the organization However research on web based recruitment is limited to company websites. Despite the widespread growth and practical use of these new and innovative media very little is known about how these independent sites influence recruitment pre hire outcomes. In this direction the proposed study presents a conceptual framework about how job seekers perceive company independent websites as a tool for providing recruitment communication and their impact on organizational attractiveness using Information Realism, Person-Environment fit framework, Source Credibility framework.

Why job autonomy matters for young companies' performance: company maturity as a moderator between job autonomy and company performance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Preenen, P.T.Y.; Howaldt, J.; Oeij, P.R.A.; Dhondt, S.; Kraan, K.O.; Jansen, E.

2016-01-01

Although the positive impact of job autonomy has been widely shown for individual-level employee outcomes, research on job autonomy and company-level outcomes has been surprisingly scarce. Therefore, among 3,311 companies in the Netherlands, we investigate the relationship between employees' job

MOBIL CONTAINER UNIT FOR SEWAGE SLUDGE UTILIZATION FROM SMALL AND MEDIUM WASTWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Stanisław Ledakowicz

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The most wastewater treatment plants in Poland are small and medium plants of flow capacity below 1000 m3/d. These plants are not able to build sludge incineration plants and the transportation costs to the nearest plants increase the total costs of wastewater treatment. Polish company Metal Expert together with the French company ETIA and Lodz University of Technology proposed mobile unit for integrated drying and pyrolysis of sewage sludge in a pilot bench scale with capacity of 100 kg/h of dewatered sludge. The pilot plant was mounted in a typical mobile container which could provide service to small and medium wastewater treatment plants offering thermal processing of sewage sludge. This unit consists of KENKI contact dryer and „Spirajoule”® pyrolyser supplied with electricity utilizing the Joule effect, and a boiler, wherein the pyrolysis gases and volatile products are burned producing steam sent to the contact dryer. The bio-char produced during sludge pyrolysis could be utilized for agriculture purposes. During preliminary experiments and short-term exploitation of the unit at Elbląg Wastewater Treatment Plant the obtained results allowed us to make a mass and energy balance depended on the process conditions in the pyrolysis temperature range of 400÷800 °C. Based on the obtained results a calculator was created in the Excel , which enables assessment of pyrolysis products content and making mass and energy balances depended on process parameters such as initial moisture of sludge, pyrolysis temperature and installation output.

Active Internationalization of Small and Medium-Sized Software Enterprises - Cases of French Software Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurício Floriano Galimberti

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Implementations of software production processes usually ignore organizational, market, and economical attributes of products that are to be inserted in international markets. Software engineering has begun to deal with the business aspects of software products only recently. The Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge v3.0 presents two concepts of life cycle: the software development life cycle and the software product life cycle. The second is more concerned with business issues related to software products, but research on those issues is still due. In this sense, this paper aims to answer the following question: what factors allow small and medium software enterprises to offer high value added products in order to enter and remain in the international market? This work selects four research dimensions from literature and explores a number of variables inside those dimensions, which are considered as candidates to help explaining a successful process of active internationalization. The paper presents a multiple case study that shows that although innovation, entrepreneurship, and foreign market knowledge are important dimensions for the active internationalization, networking is not as relevant as it could be thought.

76 FR 77442 - Mutual Insurance Holding Company Treated as Insurance Company

Science.gov (United States)

2011-12-13

... insurance industry traces its roots back to England, where, in 1696, the first mutual fire insurer was... FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION 12 CFR Part 380 RIN 3064-AD89 Mutual Insurance Holding Company Treated as Insurance Company AGENCY: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). ACTION: Notice...

Customer-oriented innovations in the energy market - involving small and medium-sized commercial customers in product development; Kundenorientierte Innovationen im Energiemarkt - die Einbeziehung von Gewerbekunden in die Produktentwicklung

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Papesch, G. [Stadtwerke Augsburg (Germany); Holzhauer, B.; Lueers, T. [Prof. Homburg und Partner, Mannheim (Germany)

2007-06-15

Boon or burden? Next to large industrial customers and private customers, small and medium-sized commercial customers are an important customer group for power supply companies. Being too small for a separate contract they are usually grouped together with private customers in a single customer group. However, this manner of business fails to do justice to the special needs and the potential of small and medium-sized commercial customers. Qualitative market research methods can give valuable impulses in attempts to develop innovative approaches that are more appropriate to the specific needs and requirements of small and medium-sized commercial customers, as the example set by Augsburg utilities demonstrates.

The European Model Company Act

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cleff, Evelyne Beatrix

2011-01-01

European Company Law regulation is currently undergoing a reform. These reforms raise a number of regulatory questions, such as what should be the aims of companies' legislation, and how these aims should best be met by regulation. Many of the reforms and discussions (both on EU and national level...... an increasing influence on the framing of company legislation, such as the choice between mandatory or default rules. This article introduces the project 'European Company Law and the choice of Regulatory Method' which is carried out in collaboration with the 'European Model Company Act Group'. The project aims...

Las aguas subterráneas transfronterizas México-Estados Unidos: importancia e invisibilidad dentro del contexto del TLCAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gonzalo HATCH KURI

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Este artículo identifica la importancia del agua subterránea transfronteriza México-Estados Unidos, en relación con el vacío jurídico que predomina en su regulación en las diferentes escalas que intervienen en el uso, manejo y extracción de la misma y el significado de la escasez hídrica en la configuración del discurso hegemónico de seguridad nacional en el panorama neoliberal de integración regional del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN.

The social effectiveness of small and medium-sized entities standard from the view point of Game Theory

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandre Gonzales

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Accounting has been undergoing significant changes, and among these changes is the creation of a standard for the accounting of small and medium enterprises, in line with international accounting standards for companies of this size. This rule arose from the development of a pronouncement by the Accounting Pronouncements Committee – CPC, which subsequently was approved by the Federal Accounting Council - CFC through specific resolutions. The present study aimed to analyze trends of accounting professionals and business managers concerning the adoption of Technical Pronouncement emitted by Accounting Pronouncements Committee for Small and Medium Enterprises. Considering the level of complexity of the operations performed by companies of this size, the lack of oversight by specific entities and the question of enforcement of these pronouncements, it was used the game theory to determine possible strategies adopted by the accountants and business managers regarding to the effective adoption of pronouncement for SMEs. The study was characterized as a descriptive research, using bibliographical and field research. With the use of surveys sought to identify the perceptions of accounting professionals regarding the adoption of the pronouncement. It was found that this statement constitutes a valid legal standard, endowed with legal effectiveness and technical efficiency, but lacking social effectiveness, due to the low level of efforts for its adoption, both by accounting professionals and by firms.

The Bat'a Company in Zlín: A Shoe Company or a School Company?

Science.gov (United States)

Kasper, Tomáš; Kasperová, Dana

2018-01-01

The first part of the study focuses on the characteristics and analysis of Zlín as an example of a company town. Life in the company town is characterised as a means of forming 'a new man' in Bat'a's Zlín. The second section analyses the aims of worker education in Bat'a's Zlín (in the so-called Bat'a school of work) and highlights the methods and…

76 FR 58263 - Kenai Pipe Line Company; Tesoro Alaska Company; Tesoro Logistics Operations, LLC; Notice of...

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-20

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. OR11-21-000] Kenai Pipe Line Company; Tesoro Alaska Company; Tesoro Logistics Operations, LLC; Notice of Request for Jurisdictional..., 2011, Kenai Pipe Line Company (KPL), Tesoro Alaska Company (Tesoro Alaska), and Tesoro Logistics, LLC...

EL CAPITAL DE TRABAJO NETO Y EL VALOR EN LAS EMPRESAS LA IMPORTANCIA DE LA RECOMPOSICIÓN DEL CAPITAL DE TRABAJO NETO EN LAS EMPRESAS QUE ATRAVIESAN O HAN ATRAVESADO CRÍSIS FINANCIERAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Marcela Rizzo

2007-07-01

Full Text Available La importancia del capital de trabajo en la generación de valor de las empresas se pone en evidencia a partir de la ausencia del mismo. En este trabajo vamos a exponer qué ocurre en las empresas cuando no hay el suficiente capital de trabajo y la importancia que reviste su recompo-sición. Veremos, en los tres ejemplos presentados, cómo a partir de la recomposición del capital de trabajo de se comienza o se mejora la actividad de las empresas y, por ende, la generación de valor.

Micropropagation of Alstroemeria in liquid medium using slow release of medium components

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Klerk, de G.J.M.; Brugge, ter J.

2010-01-01

Alstroemeria rhizomes were micropropagated on semi-solid medium (AM) and in liquid medium (LM). In LM, growth was much enhanced (ca. 70%). Adequate gas exchange was crucial. This was obtained by agitation and in static medium by a sufficient large contact area of the explant and the gaseous

78 FR 38309 - Northern Natural Gas Company; Southern Natural Gas Company, L.L.C.; Florida Gas Transmission...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-26

... Natural Gas Company; Southern Natural Gas Company, L.L.C.; Florida Gas Transmission Company, LLC; Notice of Application Take notice that on June 4, 2013, Northern Natural Gas Company (Northern), 1111 South 103rd Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68124; on behalf of itself, Southern Natural Gas Company, L.L.C., and...

La anticipación defensiva en los deportes de equipo: Un estudio de la importancia otorgada a sus variables

OpenAIRE

Guzmán, José Francisco; García Ferriol, Ángel

2002-01-01

El presente estudio pretendió identificar las principales variables que inciden sobre el éxito en la anticipación defensiva y realizar una jerarquización de su nivel de importancia a partir de las opiniones de los propios practicantes del deporte. El estudio se realizó con una muestra de 181 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria y Universidad, todos ellos con experiencia deportiva extraescolar, de edades comprendidas entre 16 y 20 años, a los cuales se les administró un cuestionario de 10 ítems...

Organizational architecture of multinational companies

OpenAIRE

Sikorová, Lenka

2009-01-01

The main goal of the bachelor thesis Organizational Architecture of Multinational Companies is to elaborate the overview of organizational structures that are used by modern global companies. The thesis contains an analysis of such companies development, principles of functioning, pros and cons and the opportunities which these brings. It also contains a description of the basic concepts associated with organizational architecture such as globalization, multinational companies and organizatio...

Four state companies are markedly different

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aalund, L.R.

1995-01-01

The Journal continues its profiles of state owned oil companies with a return to the Persian Gulf, South America, and a first time look at the state oil company of Romania, one of Eastern Europe's most active and oldest producers. The government of Kazakhstan's activities are also covered in this report. These profiles detail the organization of the companies, with emphasis on upstream and downstream operations. Support functions, though essential to a company, are not covered in detail. Company projects and capabilities are only described in this report when necessary to put the company in perspective. Following are the profiles of state companies for Bahrain, Kuwait, Romania, and Venezuela

Public Shareholdership Energy Companies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kist, A.W.; Crone, F.J.M.; Hudig, D.F.; Ketting, N.G.; De Swaan, T.; Willems, R.

2008-06-01

National and international developments on the energy markets and changes in legislation and regulation require a renewed strategic orientation of energy companies and their shareholders. Decentralized authorities will have to reconsider their position as a shareholder in energy companies carefully. This report provides an overview of the recommendations of the Kist Commission on how provinces and municipalities can make a well-considered choice as shareholder of energy companies. [mk] [nl

Risk Management in Insurance Companies

OpenAIRE

Yang, Xufeng

2006-01-01

Insurance is the uncertain business in uncertain society. Today, insures face more complex and difficult risks. Efficient risk management mechanisms are essential for the insurers. The paper is set out initially to explore UK insurance companies risk management and risk disclosure by examining companies annual report after all the listed insurance companies are required to disclose risk information in their annual report, which seeks to reflect the recent development in UK insurance companies...

An evaluation of HACCP implementation status in UK small and medium enterprises in food manufacturing.

Science.gov (United States)

Fielding, L M; Ellis, L; Beveridge, C; Peters, A C

2005-04-01

To reduce foodborne illnesses, hazard and risk-based quality management systems are essential. Small and medium sized companies (SMEs) tend to have a poor understanding of such systems and limited adoption of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point system (HACCP). The requirement for full HACCP implementation by 2006 will place an even greater burden on these businesses. The aim of this project is to assess the current levels of understanding of hazards and risks in SMEs in the manufacturing sector. A questionnaire survey was made of 850 SMEs, including microbusinesses. This determined the industry sector and processes carried out, whether the company operated hazard-based quality management and the knowledge of the technical manager regarding the associated hazards and risks. Follow-up visits to the manufacturing plant observed the processes and the operatives to determine their level of understanding. A benchmarking audit was carried out and each company was rated. The results show that the majority of respondents stated that they operated hazard analysis-based quality management. The ability of the respondents to correctly define a hazard or risk or identify different types of hazard was, however, poor. There was no correlation between business type and audit score. The microbusinesses did, however, perform significantly less well than the larger SMEs.

Company Secretaries: Their duties and powers

OpenAIRE

2009-01-01

Every company must have a company secretary. Their main role is to: carry out the directors’ instructions; help ensure that the company obeys the law and its own constitutional rules; and prepare and maintain the associated company documents.

CNG: Aiming to be an energy company, not a gas company

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wheatley, R.

1997-01-01

Long before regulatory changes in the US paved the way for the union of natural gas and electric utility companies, Consolidated Natural Gas Co. (CNG) embarked on a strategy that would serve the company well in the 1990s. In 1995, CNG began a corporate repositioning to meet mounting competition, switching emphasis from its regulated businesses to the non-regulated side. The goal: to become an energy player, not only in the US but internationally. This paper focuses on the company's operations, business plans, and management strategies. The paper gives an overview, then discusses production of oil and gas, the growing exploration program and plans for the future

Startup activities of established Finnish companies

OpenAIRE

Saalasti, Sini

2016-01-01

Established companies have collaborated with startups for decades in order to enhance their capabilities in technology and innovation. However, in the recent years, the changes in the business environment have induced established companies to increase their collaboration with startups. Thus, startup activities of established companies have become a timely phenomenon. This study explores the startup activities of established companies by analyzing all the activity established companies conduct...

Electric Holding Company Areas

Data.gov (United States)

Department of Homeland Security — Holding companies are electric power utilities that have a holding company structure. This vector polygon layer represents the area served by electric power holding...

26 CFR 1.831-1 - Tax on insurance companies (other than life or mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, and...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, and mutual fire insurance companies issuing perpetual... companies (other than life or mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, and mutual fire insurance... insurance companies and mutual fire insurance companies exclusively issuing either perpetual policies, or...

Strategy Assessment of Company ECOPOSTES

OpenAIRE

Cortazar Sanabria, Javier Mauricio

2015-01-01

This thesis focuses on developing a research on the different types of strategies a company can implement depending on their situation and the various analyses that must be completed before making the strategy decision. External and internal environment methods are described together with the various forms of corporate restructure methods a company can use if needed. The whole process is followed step by step to provide a strategy assessment to company Ecopostes, a Colombian company focused o...

Modeling renewable energy company risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sadorsky, Perry

2012-01-01

The renewable energy sector is one of the fastest growing components of the energy industry and along with this increased demand for renewable energy there has been an increase in investing and financing activities. The tradeoff between risk and return in the renewable energy sector is, however, precarious. Renewable energy companies are often among the riskiest types of companies to invest in and for this reason it is necessary to have a good understanding of the risk factors. This paper uses a variable beta model to investigate the determinants of renewable energy company risk. The empirical results show that company sales growth has a negative impact on company risk while oil price increases have a positive impact on company risk. When oil price returns are positive and moderate, increases in sales growth can offset the impact of oil price returns and this leads to lower systematic risk.

17 CFR 210.3-18 - Special provisions as to registered management investment companies and companies required to be...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... registered management investment companies and companies required to be registered as management investment... Financial Statements § 210.3-18 Special provisions as to registered management investment companies and companies required to be registered as management investment companies. (a) For filings by registered...

Las enfermedades infecciosas y su importancia en el sector avícola

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier Andrés Jaimes Olaya

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Dentro del contexto de un país cuyas mejores capacidades se encuentran en el sector agropecuario, la industria avícola se ha convertido en uno de los sectores más promisorios y de mayor crecimiento en Colombia. Por esta razón, actualmente se vienen implementando programas para el mejoramiento de la calidad de los productos avícolas, con el objetivo no solo de mantener el crecimiento de la industria,sino de poder expandir las fronteras de exportación. Sin embargo, la avicultura enfrenta un gran reto encuanto a su producción, debido a que las enfermedades infecciosas que afectan a las aves continúan siendo una problemática importante del sector, aun por encima de la alimentación y la genética. En este artículo se presentan elementos de relevancia referentes a la industria avícola, así como en relación con las enfermedades de control oficial y algunas de las enfermedades infecciosas que más la aquejan, enfatizando en la importancia de la intervención en el manejo y control de dichas enfermedades.

Responsibilities of Companies towards Employees

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Monray Marsellus Botha

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Central to company law is the promotion of corporate governance. An important question in company law still today is in whose interest the company should be managed. Corporate governance needs to address the entire span of responsibilities to stakeholders of the company such as customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers and the community at large. The promotion of human rights in the application of company law must also take place. This is extremely important given the significant role of enterprises within the social and economic life of the nation. The interests of various stakeholder groups in the context of the corporation as a "social institution" should be enhanced and protected. Because corporations are part of society and the community, like all of us, it is required of them to be socially responsible and have greater accountability to all stakeholders of the company. Although directors must act in the best interests of shareholders collectively they must also consider the interests of other stakeholders. Sustainable relationships with all the relevant stakeholders are thus important. The advancement of social justice is thus important to corporations in that they should take note of the Constitution, labour legislation and company law legislation when social justice issues are dealt with. Employees have become very important stakeholders of companies and their needs should be taken into account in the bigger corporate governance and social responsibility framework.

12 CFR 5.35 - Bank service companies.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

.... (d) Definitions—(1) Bank service company means a corporation or limited liability company organized... liability company. (2) Limited liability company means any non-corporate company, partnership, trust, or..., obligation, or liability of the company solely by reason of being, or acting as, a member or manager of such...

12 CFR 584.2-2 - Permissible bank holding company activities of savings and loan holding companies.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... savings and loan holding companies. 584.2-2 Section 584.2-2 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY SAVINGS AND LOAN HOLDING COMPANIES § 584.2-2 Permissible bank holding company activities of savings and loan holding companies. (a) General. For purposes of § 584.2(b)(6)(i) of this part...

77 FR 42554 - Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds-Termination: Peerless Insurance Company (NAIC #24198)

Science.gov (United States)

2012-07-19

... should be accepted from this company, and bonds that are continuous in nature should not be renewed. The... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Surety Companies Acceptable on Federal Bonds--Termination: Peerless Insurance Company (NAIC 24198) AGENCY: Financial Management Service, Fiscal Service...

78 FR 62616 - Salmon Creek Hydroelectric Company, Salmon Creek Hydroelectric Company, LLC; Notice of Transfer...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-22

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 3730-005] Salmon Creek Hydroelectric Company, Salmon Creek Hydroelectric Company, LLC; Notice of Transfer of Exemption 1. By letter filed September 23, 2013, Salmon Creek Hydroelectric Company informed the Commission that they have...

Ownership structures of principal petroleum companies in Canada: company profiles - significant events - takeovers and acquisitions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1997-01-01

This reference document on ownership structures of principal petroleum companies identifies 'who owns whom' in the Canadian petroleum industry. The publication consists of three chapters. Chapter one, entitled 'Corporate Structures' includes the equity linkages between the energy enterprise and its parents and subsidiaries, names of directors and officers of the company and their ownership of voting shares. Chapter two under the title of 'Significant Events', provides company incorporation and listing data, outlining information on address of the company's head office, the nature of its business, number of employees in Canada, and stock exchanges on which the company equity is listed, stock symbol, high, low and closing prices as of December 31, 1996. Chapter three, entitled 'Takeovers and Acquisitions 1976-1997, provides a list of purchases, mergers and acquisitions and the estimated value of each, where applicable. All information included is provided by the companies themselves

Innovative Characteristics of Small and Medium Enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Barbara Bigliardi

2011-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of the paper is to investigate the technological innovative characteristics in the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs belonging to the Italian manufacturing sector. A survey based on e-mail and fax questionnaire of 285 SMEs was conducted with a response rate of about 45%. On the basis of this survey, the innovative profile of SMEs has been highlighted as well as the factors and problems of innovative process analyzed. The methodology consisted in a descriptive analysis on general data and in a discriminant analysis on data related to the innovative activity and aimed at determine the factors distinguishing more and less innovative companies. The results show that innovative firms are market anticipation and customer focus, point to product enrichment in terms of different characteristics in respect to competitors’ products in order to obtain a superior product in terms of quality. Innovation results to be part of their business strategy and is based more around developing new ways of working than new product innovations.

The European Company : From a Swedish private company perspective

OpenAIRE

Öster, Alexandra; Alm, Cecilia

2006-01-01

The development within the European Union is that we are heading towards a common internal market. The law has during the year become more harmo-nized within the Union in many areas. The company law within the European Union has become harmonized through several company law directives and the freedom of establishment, which is included in the EC Treaty. The aim of an internal market is about to be achieved, but there are still differences between the systems of law within the Member States. T...

Information Technology and Accounting Information Systems’ Quality in Croatian Middle and Large Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivana Mamić Sačer

2013-12-01

Full Text Available An accounting information system is of a great importance for preparing quality accounting information for a wide range of users. The study elaborates the impact of information technology on accounting process and as a consequence on accounting information systems quality. This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of accounting information systems quality, discussing the model of AIS’s quality measurement. The perception of the quality of accounting information systems by accountants in medium and large companies in Croatia is also presented. The paper presents the historical overview of AIS’s quality based on three empirical studies conducted in 2001, 2008 and 2012.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF COMPANY PERFORMANCE WITH EXTERNAL STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION (STUDY AT INDUSTRIAL METAL PROCESSING COMPANY IN SULAWESI)

OpenAIRE

Amar, Muh Yunus

2011-01-01

Attainment of company performance relates to participation of its external stakeholder. External stakeholder here defined as the group which having importance with company and cannot be controlled by company management. Existence of external stakeholder becomes of vital importance and influential to performance and continuity of company life (Kasali, 1990). Therefore, management of the company needs to paying attention more to the importance of the external stakeholder. External stakeholders ...

Repositorio de objetos de aprendizaje: importancia de su uso en la Universidad de Oriente

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ing. Alfredo Díaz-Calzada

2015-10-01

Full Text Available La creciente producción de materiales educativos en formatodigital ha promovido la aparición en estos últimos años, de repositorios que concentran valiosos recursos para docentes, estudiantes e instituciones educativas, en general.En la actualidad los proyectos de Repositorios de Objetos de Aprendizaje (ROA han ido en aumento, es por esto que este trabajo aborda el tema de los ROA y su uso en la Universidad de Oriente, para su desarrollo se hace una revisión de los conceptos básicos de los Objetos de Aprendizaje, ya que no se podría hablar de los ROA sin antes mencionar estos tipos de objetos y después se plantea el porqué del uso de este en la Universidad de Oriente y la estrategia a seguir para su implementación, además de la importancia que tiene la utilización de estos repositorios en la enseñanza-aprendizaje.

77 FR 29884 - Assessment of Fees on Large Bank Holding Companies and Nonbank Financial Companies Supervised by...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-21

... holding company's four most recent Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies (FR Y-9C... with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or greater and nonbank financial companies supervised by... financial institutions and insurance companies were critical of the proposed use of total consolidated...

The Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises Office (SME Office) at the European Medicines Agency.

Science.gov (United States)

Carr, M

2010-01-01

On 15 December 2005, the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) launched an "SME Office" to provide financial and administrative assistance to micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), with the aim of promoting innovation and the development of new human and veterinary medicinal products by SMEs. According to current EU definition of an SME, companies with fewer than 250 employees, and an annual turnover of not more than 50 million euro or an annual balance sheet total of not more than 43 million euro, are eligible for assistance from the SME Office. Incentives available from the EMEA for SMEs, include: Administrative and procedural assistance from SME Office within the Agency; Fee reductions (90%) for scientific advice and inspections; Fee exemptions for certain administrative services (excluding parallel distribution); Deferral of the fee payable for an application for marketing authorisation or related inspection until after the grant of the marketing authorisation; Conditional fee exemption where scientific advice followed and marketing application is unsuccessful; Assistance with translations of the product information documents. At the end of May 2009, more than 380 companies from 21 countries across the European Economic Area (EEA) had SME status assigned by the EMEA. The large majority of companies are developing medicinal products for human use, 16 are veterinary companies, 15 companies are developing products for both human and veterinary use and 38 are regulatory consultants. Since the SME initiative started the Agency has processed more than 130 requests for scientific advice with fee reductions totalling of 6.9 million euro. Regulatory assistance has been provided to more than 170 companies and 12 companies have benefited from the SME translation service. Stakeholders have acknowledged the significant role the SME Office now plays as a service provider. In the period between January 2006 and June 2009, 34 applications for marketing authorization

77 FR 66216 - Union Railroad Company-Corporate Family Merger Exemption-McKeesport Connecting Railroad Company

Science.gov (United States)

2012-11-02

..., accounting, reporting, and related burdens associated with the maintenance of the two separate corporate... Company--Corporate Family Merger Exemption-- McKeesport Connecting Railroad Company Union Railroad Company... verified notice of exemption under 49 CFR 1180.2(d)(3) for a corporate family transaction pursuant to which...

APROXIMACIÓN AL CONCEPTO DE GOBERNANZA EN COLOMBIA Y ALGUNOS APUNTES SOBRE SU IMPORTANCIA EN EL DERECHO AMBIENTAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Erika Castro Buitrago

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo presenta un breve estudio sobre la recepción del concepto de Gobernanza en Colombia, su uso en la política ambiental y la investigación interna que existe en esta materia. En especial, el artículo llama la atención sobre la necesidad de estudiar la influencia del término en el ámbito del derecho administrativo ambiental, a partir de la importancia que otros ordenamientos jurídicos le han otorgado. En el caso europeo, la gobernanza se entiende como el modelo ideal de gobernación para gestionar los asuntos ambientales

Information diffusion system for encouraging small and medium-size companies to improve their environmental performances; Systeme de diffusion d'information pour encourager les PME-PMI a ameliorer leurs performances environnementales

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gondran, N

2001-11-01

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are the cornerstone of the French economy and job creation. However, due to financial and resource constraints, they are not inclined to look for environmental information autonomously. As a result, they often consider environmental issues as a constraint rather than a potential benefit. SMEs generally invest neither time nor money in order to reduce the environmental impacts of their activities and thus remain in an 'inactivity cycle'. Their global environmental impact cannot be neglected which makes their interested parties more and more concerned. The aim of this study is to analyse the environmental information system of SMEs in order to identify scope for potential improvements. The first hypothesis of this study is that SMEs do not have the knowledge that is necessary in order to implement a 'rational' pollution prevention policy. It is also assumed that access to environmental information is necessary for the SME to reduce the environmental impact of its activities. In order to validate these hypotheses and to identify which information channels contribute to the reduction of environmental impacts, a method is proposed to simultaneously evaluate the environmental policies of the SME and its ability to access to environmental information. This approach has been used to survey 47 SMEs. In addition, more than 300 pieces of information that were given to companies by two industrial associations were analysed. These data were analysed using principal component analysis, multiple correspondence analysis and chi square tests on contingency tables. The survey shows that SMEs favour direct contact with various organisations. The more a company is open to partners, the more it prevents pollution. Each SME has a different 'partnership profile' according to the area where it is situated, its level of independence, its status according to environmental legislation and its situation with respect to quality standards. Most of the

Determinants of the company value

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kamila Růžičková

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Today, there are many conceptions involving creation of the company value, as it is the main objective for the owners. However, there are still many companies interested primarily in the different company’s objectives and enhance its competitive position differently. The aim of the paper is to present and analyze the viewpoints of Czech and foreign specialists on the issue of company value creation. The paper provides the determination of factors positively influencing the company value, the description of their characteristics, and on the basis of a detailed academic discussion proposes conclusions. Attention is paid especially to the value drivers which are not recorded in the financial documents.The introduction of the paper gives a brief overview of the topic. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part introduces the effective cost management. It clarifies the concept of the managerial accounting and explains its contribution to the creation of the company value. The second part deals with the external relationships of the company. It focuses on the buyer-supplier relationships and offers the detailed perspective on the specific issue of the agricultural companies and their competitiveness in relation to the land leases. The third part concentrates on the internal company environment, namely on the human capital potential and its effects on the value of the company. In the concluding part, the findings are summarized. Based on the results, the figure describing the determinants and generators of the company value is formed. This figure can be considered a systematic procedure how to create a company value.All findings are supported with the literature review e.g. Armstrong (2007, Fibírová and Šoljaková (2005, Marinič (2008, Petřík (2007 and Porter (2004. Within the paper elaboration, the analysis and synthesis as scientific methods were used for explanation of the experts’ points of view and then summed up as the

Natural gas annual 1993 supplement: Company profiles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1995-02-01

The Natural Gas Annual provides information on the supply and disposition of natural gas to a wide audience including industry, consumers, Federal and State agencies, and educational institutions. This report, the Natural Gas Annual 1993 Supplement: Company Profiles, presents a detailed profile of 45 selected companies in the natural gas industry. The purpose of this report is to show the movement of natural gas through the various States served by the companies profiled. The companies in this report are interstate pipeline companies or local distribution companies (LDC`s). Interstate pipeline companies acquire gas supplies from company owned production, purchases from producers, and receipts for transportation for account of others. Pipeline systems, service area maps, company supply and disposition data are presented.

Diagnóstico de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos y su importancia en la productividad de los sistemas ganaderos.

OpenAIRE

Castillo O., Mayela; Hernández, Javier A.; Betancourt, Arquímedes; Suniaga Q., José

2007-01-01

Editorial. Suniaga Q., José La codorniz fuente proteica para consumo humano. Díaz Cuellar, Doraida R. y González, Diomary Diagnóstico de parásitos gastrointestinales en bovinos y su importancia en la productividad de los sistemas ganaderos. Castillo O., Mayela; Hernández, Javier A.; Betancourt, Arquímedes y Suniaga Q., José Nutrición vegetal (II). Moyeja Santana, Juan de Jesús Nutrición vegetal (III). Moyeja Santana, Juan de Jesús Plagas chupadoras de las cítrica...

Does Capital Structure Influence Company Profitability?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Herciu Mihaela

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Every company has a different structure of balance sheet. Some of the companies have more liabilities than equity. Considering the industry or debt-to-equity ratio, the balance sheet structure affects the company profitability measured by DuPont system. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the structure of balance sheet and to identify some optimal levels in order to increase company profitability. The DuPont returns like ROA (return on assets and ROE (return on equity will be used to measure the company profitability, while the debt-to-equity ratio will be used as a measure (reflection of capital structure. The samples consist on the most profitable non-financial companies ranked in Fortune Global 500. The companies will be grouped in clusters (based on industry or debt-to-equity ratio in order to identify the signification of the correlation between the profit and the balance sheet structure. The main results of the paper refer to the company profitability that can be increased by using an optimal structure of liabilities and equity.

Influence of Components of Net Working Capital on Costs of Companies Manufacturing Machinery and Equipment in the Czech Republic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zdeněk Motlíček

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The approach to working capital management significantly affects the performance of companies. Nevertheless, this effect varies depending on the observed industry and company’s size and it may be assumed that it is also dependent on territory differences. The paper presents an empirical research aiming to identify particular links between net working capital and costs of the company. The outcomes indicate a relatively strong positive correlation between the variables, especially in case of inventory. Furthermore he ratio of financial costs to ordinary costs is low, as well as the impact of net working capital components on financial costs. It follows that a focus on collection period would not lead to significant savings. The findings appropriately complement Czech and foreign literature focused more on impact of net working capital or working capital on profitability indicators. Further studies concerning a more detailed analysis of the influence of net working capital on corporate costs are difficult to be found. The present research has been conducted on medium-sized companies located in the Czech Republic and manufacturing machinery and equipment. The obtained results suggest the most suitable area of focus for optimization of working capital in relation to costs for the types of companies defined above.

Human resource policy and Danish multinational companies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Fleming, Daniel; Søborg, Henrik

A study of Danish multinational companies' human resource policy in their subsidiaries in Malaysia and Singapore.The sample of companies consists of 8 Danish multinational companies with activities in both Malaysia and Singapore.......A study of Danish multinational companies' human resource policy in their subsidiaries in Malaysia and Singapore.The sample of companies consists of 8 Danish multinational companies with activities in both Malaysia and Singapore....

National companies : performance, ventures, utility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Didier, F.

1994-01-01

The author shows how a performing National Company can efficiently contribute, in line with the producing State, to the negotiation with International Companies and the success of large oil ventures contemplated by reserves-short countries. Fully entrepreneurial, the National Company will usefully ''explore'' touchy matters, and bring closer national rationale and petroleum rationale. (Author)

Multilingualism in Companies: An Introduction

Science.gov (United States)

Sherman, Tamah; Strubell, Miquel

2013-01-01

This thematic collection of four papers explores a number of perspectives on companies in which multiple languages are used. The "organisational" perspective concerns the question of how the presence of or demand for multiple languages in the company is managed--how companies are guided by national and other policies in regard to the use…

26 CFR 1.831-3 - Tax on insurance companies (other than life or mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, mutual...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, mutual fire insurance companies issuing perpetual policies, and mutual fire or flood insurance companies operating on the basis of premium deposits; taxable years... fire insurance companies issuing perpetual policies, and mutual fire or flood insurance companies...

Trade Companies and their Classification

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

P. Tărchilă

2013-12-01

Full Text Available The Romanian legislation does not define anyhow the concept of companies. It was the merit of the doctrine, which attempted such a definition, starting usually from the provisions of the Civil Code, which in art. 1491 defines the civil society, for the purpose of the memorandum of the association1. For that matter, also in the specialized foreign doctrine (ex. the French doctrine companies are defined based on similar concepts, but standardized by the Civil Code. The two meanings that the company has to be regarded through, also explain the very specific legal matter, a matter of concepts resulting from understanding the concept of memorandum of association and the company-institution. Thus, the contractual conception, imposed by the development of the contract theory in the last century, explains the existence of the companies starting from the validity conditions imposed to any contract and from the contractual techniques that establish the relationships formed within the society (for example, the company management is based on a mandate contract under which the executive operates.

12 CFR 225.82 - How does a bank holding company elect to become a financial holding company?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... holding company to become a financial holding company shall not be effective if, during the period...) Effective date of election—(1) In general. An election filed by a bank holding company under paragraph (a... financial holding company is effective prior to the 31st day after the date that a complete declaration was...

Company analysis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jenster, Per V.; Hussey, David

This volume looks at the company appraisal as a whole, examining the continuing need to appraise companies as part of the continuing strategy process. Building from a sound basis of theory, the text aims to be practical and to give guidance to senior managers and others involved in the strategy...... process. It is thus a book primarily aimed at managers, but should also be useful for MBA students undertaking strategy assignments It provides helpful, practical guidance and identifies weaknesses of traditional methods. It also presents a variety of tools which may be used in the appraisal process...

La importancia de la cosmética termal para los balnearios y el turismo termal: el caso de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia - España

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcel Rodrigo Henn Bonfada

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo engloba el turismo termal dentro del concepto del turismo de salud y la cosmética termal como un nuevo negocio para los balnearios españoles. El objetivo es identificar la importancia de la cosmética termal para los balnearios gallegos y de los aspectos del marketing relacionados a ella en estos centros. La metodología está basada en una investigación empírica, descriptiva y se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo. Como instrumento de recogida de datos fue hecho un cuestionario estructurado, utilizándose la técnica de la entrevista en profundidad con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Los resultados fueron que la cosmética termal tiene gran importancia en aspectos intangibles para los balnearios gallegos y fueron descritos estos aspectos además de identificar otras importantes informaciones relacionadas al marketing.

Challenges to Professional Football Companies and their Answers with Particular Regard to Organisational Changes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bács Éva Bába Ms

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Professional football has been going through a period of unprecedented economic growth since the ’90s. Football ventures are increasingly becoming medium-sized companies. There have also been organizational changes, reflected in changes in the legal forms of professional football clubs, and in the use of modern controlling, planning, risk and financial management. Important questions remain unanswered with regard to the financing of football clubs, such as the impact of risks or the market value of capital costs. In addition to liquidity and the above, the acceptance of the determinational dependence of certain capital funds on sports results and the development of a strategy suitable for the optimal target system are also important requirements. In this article, we would like to present the answers football companies have given to the challenges they have been facing which affect their organisational system. In the light of international comparison, we examine the status of Hungarian football, which was once world famous and enjoyed better times in the past.

Companies as "Cyborgs"?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thompson, Grahame

This paper investigates the legal and commercial consequences of companies being considered as both an entity and a person in law – hence the notion of ‘cyborg’ in its title. It concentrates upon legal personhood and relates this particular feature to the issue of corporate citizenship. In turn...... corporate citizenship provides a link to considering the political role of companies, since in claiming citizenship they are implicitly at least claiming a particular set of political rights consequent upon that status, and announcing a particular politically constrained context associated...... with their operational characteristics. But what would be involved in granting companies full citizenship rights in the image of natural person citizenship? The paper explores this issue in connection to the differences between corporate social responsibility and an earlier idea of the socially responsible corporation...

Natural gas annual 1992: Supplement: Company profiles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1994-01-01

The data for the Natural Gas Annual 1991 Supplement : Company Profiles are taken from Form EIA-176, (open quotes) Annual Report of Natural and Supplemental Gas Supply and Disposition (close quotes). Other sources include industry literature and corporate annual reports to shareholders. The companies appearing in this report are major interstate natural gas pipeline companies, large distribution companies, or combination companies with both pipeline and distribution operations. The report contains profiles of 45 corporate families. The profiles describe briefly each company, where it operates, and any important issues that the company faces. The purpose of this report is to show the movement of natural gas through the various States served by the 45 large companies profiled.

Virtual Company and Modelbank

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Thorsteinsson, Uffe

1996-01-01

Ansøgning til Socrates programmet vedr. Tematisk netværk inden for området Virtual Company and Modelbank......Ansøgning til Socrates programmet vedr. Tematisk netværk inden for området Virtual Company and Modelbank...

Conclusion: The balanced company

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Scheuer, John Damm; Jensen, Inger

2013-01-01

This concluding chapter brings together the various research findings of the book "The balanced company - organizing for the 21st Century" and develops a general overview of their implications for our understanding of the balancing processes unfolding in companies and organizations....

Director remuneration, corporate governance and performance: A comparison between government linked companies vs non government linked companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nazrul Hisyam Ab Razak

2014-07-01

Full Text Available This study has examined the relationship between director’s remuneration, corporate governance structure and performance of a sample of 150 companies listed on the Bursa Malaysia from year 2008 until 2013. The sample was selected to provide matched-pair of government linked companies (GLCs and non-government linked companies (non-GLCs, as it was anticipated that these group would have different governance structure, the key difference being government ownership. The result holds even when we control for company specific characteristic such as corporate governance, company size, leverage, director’s remuneration, board size and auditors. This study uses panel based regression model to examine the impact of government control mechanism on company performance using two important measurers. These are accounting based measure proxies by ROA and non-accounting based measures by Tobin’s Q. Statistically significant relationships were found across the groupings and for different performance measures. Findings appear to suggest that there is a significant impact of government ownership on company performance after controlling for company specific characteristics.

Principles of European Company Law

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Werlauff, Erik

2010-01-01

The article focuses on how much we have in common in Europe within company law and its development, and on the principles which are the determining factors for the activities of European companies. The article shows that what we have in common greatly outweighs what divides us, and this is presen......The article focuses on how much we have in common in Europe within company law and its development, and on the principles which are the determining factors for the activities of European companies. The article shows that what we have in common greatly outweighs what divides us...

26 CFR 1.821-4 - Tax on mutual insurance companies other than life insurance companies and other than fire, flood...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... life insurance companies and other than fire, flood, or marine insurance companies, subject to tax... Life and Certain Marine Insurance Companies and Other Than Fire Or Flood Insurance Companies Which... other than life insurance companies and other than fire, flood, or marine insurance companies, subject...

La importancia y el papel del nutricionista en la atención primaria en Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brasil.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Karla Adriana Oliveira da COSTA

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Brasil está experimentando muchos cambios, entre ellos los de naturaleza poblacional, epidemiológica y nutricional, siendo este último caracterizado por la disminución de la desnutrición y el aumento de sobrepeso / obesidad así como de la hipertensión y la diabetes. Siendo la alimentación y la nutrición, al mismo tiempo factor protector y de riesgo para el desarrollo de tales condiciones, se considera que la inclusión del nutricionista en la atención primaria en salud (APS puede tener un impacto importante. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la importancia y el papel del nutricionista en la APS. Fue realizada una investigación cuali-cuantitativa. En este artículo, se muestra el uso de técnicas de la hermenéutica dialéctica y el Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo (DSC de los profesionales actuando en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF en Vitoria de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brasil, entre 2010 y 2011, se examinó la importancia y el papel del nutricionista en la APS. A partir del análisis del perfil epidemiológico se constata la importancia de las enfermedades crónicodegenerativas en consonancia con la transición nutricional. El DSC nos permitió concluir que el profesional de la nutrición es el más adecuado para hacer frente a este escenario adverso, y las acciones de la nutrición / alimentación deben ser desarrolladas por todos los trabajadores de la salud. Los entrevistados destacaron la necesidad de un especialista en nutrición como parte de la ESF, actuando en el equipo nuclear, sin el mínimo perjuicio para su inserción en el Núcleo de Apoyo a Salud de la Familia (NASF. Es urgente organizar y darle calidad a la atención nutricional en la APS, ya que la actual inserción del nutricionista está lejos Revista Tempus Actas de Saúde Coletiva 69 de lo necesario para hacer frente a la realidad epidemiológica en Brasil.

Premium Forecasting of AN Insurance Company:

Science.gov (United States)

Fouladvand, M. Ebrahim; Darooneh, Amir H.

We present an analytical study of an insurance company. We model the company's performance on a statistical basis and evaluate the predicted annual income of the company in terms of insurance parameters namely the premium, the total number of insured, average loss claims etc. We restrict ourselves to a single insurance class the so-called automobile insurance. We show the existence of a crossover premium pc below which the company is operating at a loss. Above pc, we also give a detailed statistical analysis of the company's financial status and obtain the predicted profit along with the corresponding risk as well as ruin probability in terms of premium. Furthermore we obtain the optimal premium popt which maximizes the company's profit.

The Impact of EU Funds on the Development of a Business Model for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Olinski Marian

2016-09-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of grants received by companies on the formation of a business model. The study covered micro, small and medium-sized enterprises based in rural areas, which received support in the form of investment grants within the Regional Operational Programmes 2007-2013 for northern Poland. The research was done using a direct survey method, and covered a total of 155 companies. The results of the study indicate that the grant obtained affected implicitly the modification of the business model elements that are placed on the left side of the template of the Business Model Canvas. However, the tendency of enterprises to undertake an innovative activity usually means changes in their business model both on the left and right side. The greatest strength of the dependence was observed in the case of relationship between the size of the company and changes in the model elements. Mediumsized enterprises were the most active in this respect, when compared to comparison to micro and small businesses, and changed the largest number of elements of the business model due to the obtained grant.

Enteropatógenos de importancia en salud pública

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maribel Riveros

Full Text Available La diarrea continúa siendo la tercera causa de muerte en niños menores de 5 años, pese a los avances recientes en el manejo y prevención de esta enfermedad. Es causada por múltiples patógenos, sin embargo, la prevalencia de cada uno varía según el grupo de edad, la zona geográfica y el escenario donde se registran los casos (comunitario vs hospitalario. Los patógenos de mayor relevancia en salud pública son aquellos asociados con mayor carga de enfermedad, severidad, complicaciones y mortalidad. En nuestro medio, el norovirus, Campylobacter y las E. coli diarrogénicas, son los patógenos más prevalentes a nivel comunitario en niños. En este artículo se revisa la epidemiología local y las potenciales áreas de desarrollo en cinco patógenos seleccionados: rotavirus, norovirus, E. coli productora de toxina Shiga (STEC, Shigella y Salmonella. De estos, el rotavirus es el más importante en la población pediátrica y el principal responsable de la mortalidad infantil por diarrea. La introducción de la vacunación contra rotavirus en nuestro país tendrá un importante impacto en la carga de enfermedad y la mortalidad por diarrea. Sin embargo, se requieren estudios de vigilancia para determinar el impacto de la vacunación y el cambio en la epidemiología de la diarrea en el Perú luego de la introducción de nuevas vacunas, así como la vigilancia de las tasas de resistencia antibiótica para las bacterias de importancia clínica.

Tax-saving, Innovative Incentives for Small and Medium - Sized Enterprises in Hungary

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rita Ambrus

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The small-and medium-sized enterprises in the Hungarian economy have been playing a decisive role. Among the difficulties they face during their activities one of the most serious is to raise funds for their labour costs. They try to reduce their tax wedge burden, which is regarded one of the highest in Europe, in various ways. In order to keep the adequate workforce they can provide fringe benefits supplementing to wages and salaries. The cautious application of the referring acts enables companies to motivate workforce and reduce the tax and contribution burdens at the same time. Our research aimed to find an answer how SMEs take these advantages and what factors support or hinder the use of the system.

Organizational architecture of multinational company

OpenAIRE

Vrbová, Tereza

2012-01-01

The Bachelor's Thesis ,,Organizational architecture of multinational company" sets the target to analyse organizational structures used in multinational companies at present. In the teoretical section is briefly described development of this subject, basic concepts associated with organizational architecture such as globalization, multinational companies and organizational architecture. I also generalized main characteristics of organizational forms and describe their pros and cons. The pract...

ANALYSIS ON THE IMPACT OF NON-COMPLIANCE WITH ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES BY COMPANIES, IN TERMS OF EXTERNAL FINANCIAL AUDIT “FILTERS”

OpenAIRE

Ovidiu-Constantin BUNGET; Alin-Constantin DUMITRESCU

2010-01-01

In order to demonstrate that there is a direct link between compliance with accounting principles and auditor’s opinion, which, of course, is „filtered” through professional judgement, the study starts from information provided by a representative medium-sized audit company located in the western part of Romania. The research starting point is represented by audit opinions expressed on statutory audit engagements for financial years ended 31 December 2008 and 31 December 2009, respectively. T...

Study of the fermentative activity of Hansenula anomala and production of chemical compounds of sensory importance Estudio de la actividad fermentativa de Hansenula anomala y producción de compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Waldir Estela Escalante

2012-02-01

Full Text Available The fermentative behaviour of Hansenula anomala RIVE 7-1-5 was studied in order to evaluate the production of chemical compounds of sensory importance. The results demonstrated that the strain ferments very well monosaccharides and also sucrose and maltose. Its fermentative activity was inhibited at concentrations of 100 mg/L of sodium metabisulphite in the medium. Furthermore, it was able to produce 5,81±0,1% (v/v of ethanol. Agitation of the culture medium increases the production of higher alcohols (679,2 mg/L and ethyl acetate (206,0±8,0 mg/L, but on the contrary affects the production of acetic acid (196,0±7,0mg/L. Glycerol production was similar in static (without agitation and shaken cultivation. During batch cultivation carried out in biorreactor under aerated conditions the growth rate (μ reached value of 0,13 h-1 and, it was also observed production of acetic acid at levels of 4,2±0,3 g/L. The oxygen concentration in the medium affects its metabolism, thus insufficient amounts of oxygen would provoke a respirofermentative metabolism with production of ethanol, higher alcohols, esters and acetic acid. The control of aeration during fermentation is a useful tool to control the balance between the respiratory and fermentative activity and thus; synthesis of compounds of sensory importance in the production of non-traditional fermented beverages.Se ha estudiado la actividad fermentativa de Hansenula anomala RIVE 7-1-5 con el objetivo de evaluar la producción de compuestos químicos de importancia sensorial. Los resultados mostraron que fermenta bien monosacáridos y también sucrosa y maltosa. Su actividad fermentativa es inhibida a concentraciones de 100,0mg/L de metabisulfito de sodio en el medio. Además, es capaz de producir 5,81±0,1 % v/v de etanol. La agitación del medio de cultivo incrementa la producción de alcoholes superiores (679,2 mg/L y etil acetato (206,0±8,0 mg/L, por el contrario disminuye la producción de �

Medium-voltage switching devices: State-of-the art on technical standards; Mittelspannungs-Schaltanlagen: Stand der technischen Normen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Voss, Gerhard [Ingenieurbuero IGV Elektrotechnik, Ladenburg (Germany)

2008-11-15

With enhanced exchange box systems many low voltage switch devices can be equipped more compact (less volume demand), cost friendly and more reliable because of advanced arc discharge safety engineering. Presented is utilization and operation in the facility managment and industrial applications in detail. In the last years operation-important standards have been revised for planners and users. So users and planners have to occupy with new standards for medium-voltage switching devices. This knowledge forms the conditions to design devices in future extensively to individual demands of the company and according to standards. (GL)

Model business intelligence system design of quality products by using data mining in R Bakery Company

Science.gov (United States)

Fitriana, R.; Saragih, J.; Luthfiana, N.

2017-12-01

R Bakery company is a company that produces bread every day. Products that produced in that company have many different types of bread. Products are made in the form of sweet bread and wheat bread which have different tastes for every types of bread. During the making process, there were defects in the products which the defective product turns into reject product. Types of defects that are produced include burnt, sodden bread and shapeless bread. To find out the information about the defects that have been produced then by applying a designed model business intelligence system to create database and data warehouse. By using model business Intelligence system, it will generate useful information such as how many defect that produced by each of the bakery products. To make it easier to obtain such information, it can be done by using data mining method which data that we get is deep explored. The method of data mining is using k-means clustering method. The results of this intelligence business model system are cluster 1 with little amount of defect, cluster 2 with medium amount of defect and cluster 3 with high amount of defect. From OLAP Cube method can be seen that the defect generated during the 7 months period of 96,744 pieces.

78 FR 62614 - Guttman Energy, Inc., PBF Holding Company LLC v. Buckeye Pipe Line Company, L.P., Laurel Pipe...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-10-22

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. OR14-4-000] Guttman Energy, Inc., PBF Holding Company LLC v. Buckeye Pipe Line Company, L.P., Laurel Pipe Line Company, L.P... complaint against Buckeye Pipe Line Company L.P. and Laurel Pipe Line Company L.P. (Respondents) challenging...

Importancia dada a la cultura corporativa por los responsables del área de talento humano, en empresas colombianas medianas y grandes

OpenAIRE

Olga Lucía Anzola Morales

2010-01-01

El proyecto de investigación cuyos resultados parciales se presentan en este artículo, indaga por las similitudes y diferencias encontradas entre las propuestas de estudio que enfatizan en la importancia de la cultura organizacional como un elemento que permite a las empresas establecer rasgos de diferenciación en el mercado y elevar sus niveles competitivos, con las apreciaciones y las prácticas de 50 encargados del área de talento humano de empresas colombianas medianas y grandes. La invest...

Energy efficiency and sustainability assessment of about 500 small and medium-sized enterprises in Central Europe region

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Viesi, Diego; Pozzar, Francesca; Federici, Alessandro; Crema, Luigi; Mahbub, Md Shahriar

2017-01-01

Nowadays more than 20 million small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are located in the European Union (EU): they are a key driver for economic growth, innovation, employment and social integration. The first step towards better industrial energy and environmental performance is the acknowledgement of the savings potential that can be realized by the company ownership and management board. Following this goal, the CEEM (Central Environmental and Energy Management) project provided to about 500 Central Europe SMEs of 5 countries (Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy and Slovenia) a user friendly and free of charge web tool called 3EMT (Eco Energy Efficiency Management Tool). Through a questionnaire the 3EMT analyzes and sums up eco-energy patterns, helps to self-assess the company environmental performance, benchmarks a company with other Central Europe’s enterprises, delivers a customized Assessment Report, suggests further services and facilities. In this paper, the large 3EMT database is analyzed, and statistics focused on SMEs eco-energy performance and future & innovation perspectives are presented and discussed. Furthermore, key challenges and key intervention points were defined by local stakeholders (policy makers, Energy Service Companies, SMEs representatives, researchers), this paper summarizes the main policy outcomes. - Highlights: • Evaluation of Central Europe SME performance in energy efficiency and sustainability. • Extension of SME statistics at European and national level. • Identification of key challenges and key interventions for new industrial policies.

Narrative Accounting Practices in Indonesia Companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Inten Meutia

2017-05-01

Full Text Available This research aimed to reveal creative accounting practices in the form of narrative accounting occuring in companies in Indonesia. Using content analysis, this research analyzed the management discussion and analysis section in the annual report on the group of companies whose performance had increased and declined in several companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research finds that the narrative accounting practices are applied in these companies. The four methods of accounting narratives are found in both groups of companies. There are stressing the positive and downplaying the negative, baffling the readers, differential reporting, and attribution.

Relocating a Company within the EU

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Werlauff, Erik

2008-01-01

This article analyses how a public or private limited company can be relocated in another EU country via establishment of a subsidiary in the second country, followed by a reverse vertical merger (the parent ceases to exist and the subsidiary is the continuing company). The consideration for the ...... for the merger is shares in the subsidiary, which can be effected by giving the parent company's shares in the subsidiary to the parent company's shareholders, but after the shares have taken a brief respite in the subsidiary as own shares......This article analyses how a public or private limited company can be relocated in another EU country via establishment of a subsidiary in the second country, followed by a reverse vertical merger (the parent ceases to exist and the subsidiary is the continuing company). The consideration...

Analysis Of Employee Engagement And Company Performance

OpenAIRE

Mekel, Peggy A.; Saerang, David P.E.; Silalahi, Immanuel Maradopan

2014-01-01

Employee could be a competitive advantage of a company if company manages its employees well. The success of a company could be seen from how a company manages their employees and engages their employees. Most of big companies put their employees in top priority in order to keep their top performance. These big companies manage their employees and try to engage their employees so that their employees could generate high performance. In this study, employee engagement is the factor to examine ...

Quality management in shipping companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Đergović Dragana M.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available As international business becomes more competitive, companies are finding that they need to work more effectively to stay in business. Quality assurance has become very important to the majority of production and service companies with international activity. Shipping companies were also required to implement a quality management system. The huge importance of safety in maritime transport operations resulted in the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code by the International Maritime Organization. The general management system principles embodied by the maritime ISM Code and generics ISO standards, have enabled their complementary application in establishing a quality management system in shipping companies, within a safety management system as its subset.

Innovation policy of European chemical companies with special focus on large companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Supriyo Das

2015-07-01

Full Text Available According to Arora et alii (1998, the chemical industry is one of the largest and most R&D-intensive manufacturing sectors in all the advanced economies, and its innovative patterns and productivity growth processes can have profound impacts on economic growth as a whole. The European chemical industry supplies virtually all sectors of the economy and accounts for 17.8% of the total sales of chemicals in the world. This paper gives an overview of the European chemical industry and the changing scenario of the world chemical industry by focusing on the top fifteen chemical companies in Europe. It describes the current problems this industry is facing in Europe especially after the economic crisis and shows that the region and the top companies are investing in R&D to bring about innovation and overcome the current challenges. It shows that R&D spending in absolute terms has hardly changed over the years and that the industry is still globally the largest investor in R&D activities. In terms of R&D, BASF has made the greatest investment followed by Bayer and Syngenta, while R&D intensity is highest for Syngenta and Bayer. BASF and Bayer have made most patent applications and have also had the highest number of patents granted. The quality of research in most chemical companies is very high and most of the large European companies make their first patent application in Europe rather than elsewhere. All the large chemical companies use Merger & Acquisition (M&A to gain access to innovation. Industry-academia collaboration is one way to generate innovation in the chemical industry in Europe. Chemical clusters and the geographical distribution of chemical companies play a significant role in generating innovation.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY DETERMINANTS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES ON BORDER AREAS IN WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zbigniew Brodziński

2016-03-01

Full Text Available The aim of the article was getting to know the factors, determining socio-economic activity of small and mediumsized businesses on border areas in Warmińsko-Mazurskie voivodeship. The study was conducted by telephone interviewing in 2015 amongst randomly selected group of 76 entrepreneurs. The gathered empirical data allowed to determine the areas which need taking action from local authorities to work for socio-economic development of border areas and improve the functionality conditions of the already existing companies. In entrepreneurs’ opinion, an important element in small and medium-sized businesses development is advertisement of the area and introduction of investment incentives. The study shows that endogenous possibilities of entrepreneurship development are limited. The most frequently raised issues were connected with the functioning of companies in their remote location, and also progressing depopulation of the area and low purchasing power of the local community.

IMPORTANCIA DE LA VALORACIÓN DE LA EMPRESA FAMILIAR: LOS PROBLEMAS DE ILIQUIDEZ

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfonso Andrés Rojo Ramírez

2009-12-01

Full Text Available It is clear the importance of Family Business (FB around de word and the impact of family managers on company value. Nonetheless, little has been research on the importance of knowing the value of BF for the management and succession planning.This work brings us closer to this problem, and in particular the issue of lack of marketability and securities' illiquidity, which usually exist in FB, which is reflected in its value, demonstrating the practice of reducing a rate of between 20 por 100 and 50 por 100 of value without a clear theory that supports this.Seeking to avoid the subjectivity some practice-oriented models have been developed, either by looking for percentage according to the type of company, or incorporating the specific risk onto rate when using the discount cash flow model. Within this orientation fits the model of AECA (2005 with value reductions of around 20 por 100.The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the reality of the valuation of the company and, in particular, the FB, opening a line of research under-exploited in Europe and Spain, however, is of considerable practical significance.

The Analysis of Company Characteristic Influence Toward CSR Disclosure: Empirical Evidence of Manufacturing Companies Listed in Jsx

OpenAIRE

Rahman, Arief; Widyasari, Kurnia Nur

2008-01-01

This paper investigates the influence of company characteristic toward Corporate Social Responsibility disclosure. The research is using the proxy of management ownership, leverage, size, profitability and company profile as the variable of company characteristic, while the CSR disclosure, unlike the previous researches, is proxied by dummy score from the companies' mandatory disclosure based on the items of Public Environmental Reporting Initiative (PERI) and Global Reporting Initiative Soci...

Vectors of technical innovation delivery by small and medium Australian construction firms

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marie Hardie

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Long-established Schumpeterian theory on innovation assumes that significant innovations are generated by large companies with ample spare resources. The allocation of time and money to speculative endeavours with unclear outcomes has often been regarded as beyond the scope of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs. As a result, authorities sometimes advise SMEs to concentrate on the adoption of existing innovative products and processes rather than the generation of new creative ideas. Despite this traditional wisdom, some very capable individuals actively choose to participate in the SME sector because the relative absence of internal bureaucratic processes and the capacity for agile response to changing circumstances. Ten case studies of significant technical innovations generated within construction SMEs were examined in the light of common themes identified through a literature review. The case studies were classified according to existing taxonomies of innovation. Content analysis was used to map the identified themes against the published material about the innovations from patent applications, company websites, trade literature and industry magazines. The findings indicate that SME innovation stems from several distinct motivations. These drivers of innovation can be described vectors. They inspire innovative solutions but the generated innovations also drive development towards solutions for other, quite different problems.

Fleet average NOx emission performance of 2004 model year light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks and medium-duty passenger vehicles

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2006-05-01

The On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations came into effect on January 1, 2004. The regulations introduced more stringent national emission standards for on-road vehicles and engines, and also required that companies submit reports containing information concerning the company's fleets. This report presented a summary of the regulatory requirements relating to nitric oxide (NO x ) fleet average emissions for light-duty vehicles, light-duty trucks, and medium-duty passenger vehicles under the new regulations. The effectiveness of the Canadian fleet average NO x emission program at achieving environmental performance objectives was also evaluated. A summary of the fleet average NO x emission performance of individual companies was presented, as well as the overall Canadian fleet average of the 2004 model year based on data submitted by companies in their end of model year reports. A total of 21 companies submitted reports covering 2004 model year vehicles in 10 test groups, comprising 1,350,719 vehicles of the 2004 model year manufactured or imported for the purpose of sale in Canada. The average NO x value for the entire Canadian LDV/LDT fleet was 0.2016463 grams per mile. The average NO x values for the entire Canadian HLDT/MDPV fleet was 0.321976 grams per mile. It was concluded that the NO x values for both fleets were consistent with the environmental performance objectives of the regulations for the 2004 model year. 9 tabs

The evolution analysis of listed companies co-holding non-listed financial companies based on two-mode heterogeneous networks

Science.gov (United States)

An, Pengli; Li, Huajiao; Zhou, Jinsheng; Chen, Fan

2017-10-01

Complex network theory is a widely used tool in the empirical research of financial markets. Two-mode and multi-mode networks are new trends and represent new directions in that they can more accurately simulate relationships between entities. In this paper, we use data for Chinese listed companies holding non-listed financial companies over a ten-year period to construct two networks: a two-mode primitive network in which listed companies and non-listed financial companies are considered actors and events, respectively, and a one-mode network that is constructed based on the decreasing-mode method in which listed companies are considered nodes. We analyze the evolution of the listed company co-holding network from several perspectives, including that of the whole network, of information control ability, of implicit relationships, of community division and of small-world characteristics. The results of the analysis indicate that (1) China's developing stock market affects the share-holding condition of listed companies holding non-listed financial companies; (2) the information control ability of co-holding networks is focused on a few listed companies and the implicit relationship of investment preference between listed companies is determined by the co-holding behavior; (3) the community division of the co-holding network is increasingly obvious, as determined by the investment preferences among listed companies; and (4) the small-world characteristics of the co-holding network are increasingly obvious, resulting in reduced communication costs. In this paper, we conduct an evolution analysis and develop an understanding of the factors that influence the listed companies co-holding network. This study will help illuminate research on evolution analysis.

State oil companies have diverse strategies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1994-01-01

The Journal's series on state-owned oil companies continues with profiles on seven more companies which already are, or could be, important players in the international oil industry. The first part of this series appeared last August. It featured the world's producing giants. This installment shows that national oil companies are definitely not cut from the same mold and that they have diverse mandates from their countries or have developed unusual niches in the oil world. The objective of these profiles is not to fully cover the plans and performance of such companies. That is done regularly in weekly editions of OGJ. Rather, these articles are written by a team of experienced Journal editors to characterize the individual companies, describe their mandates and organization, and present some professional background information, when available, on those in top management with the hope of getting some insight into the corporate cultures. The companies covered come from Brazil, China, Finland, Japan, Norway, Oman, and Vietnam. In addition the article profiles Borealis Holding A/S, created from the merger of two state companies from Norway and Finland

78 FR 9907 - TGP Development Company, LLC; TGP Flying Cloud Holdings, LLC; WEC TX Company, LLC v. Arizona...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-02-12

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. EL13-45-000] TGP Development Company, LLC; TGP Flying Cloud Holdings, LLC; WEC TX Company, LLC v. Arizona Public Service Company... section 206 of the Federal Power Act, 16 U.S.C. 824(e) (2006), TGP Development Company, LLC, TGP Flying...

Importancia y propiedades físico química de la Rosa mosqueta (R. canina, R. rubiginosa: una revisión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. Espinoza

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Los consumidores cada día exigen productos en sus dietas que no solo aporten los nutrientes requeridos para una vida sana, sino que además son de preferencia aquellos que puedan complementar con propiedades benéficas para la salud. En las últimas décadas se ha reconocido a la Rosa mosqueta, la Rosa canina y a la Rosa rubiginosa, como frutos que contienen muchas propiedades nutracéuticas. El presente trabajo hace una revisión de los artículos de investigación realizados a la Rosa mosqueta desde un punto de vista de su importancia de su consumo y sus beneficios para la salud; describiendo las características químicas, físicas y bioquímicas tales como el contenido de componentes fenólicos, ácidos grasos, ácido linoleico, minerales; y de otros compuestos importantes también desde el punto de vista industrial, tales como el contenido de antioxidantes, pigmentos, entre otros. De acuerdo a los antecedentes recopilados, la Rosa mosqueta es una fuente de micronutrientes incluyendo la vitamina c y el licopeno, entregando además un buen aporte nutricional; por lo anterior debe ser considerado como un alimento funcional. Aun siendo una especie que crece en estado salvaje, sobre suelos forestales; siendo un frutal menor y una planta medicinal su importancia en el consumo masivo debe ser considerada.

Suggestion of Islamic Insurance Company Model

OpenAIRE

Abdullah Ibrahim Nazal

2015-01-01

This study is one of very few studies which have investigated Islamic Insurance Companies as solution. It explained its operations also comparing with Traditional Insurance Companies and theoretical Islamic insurance models. As result to this study Islamic Insurance companies are profit organization. It helps Islamic banks but it costs customer to face expect risk. Islamic Insurance companies have many ways to get profits and consider all customers installments grants. Its operation gap comes...

RESTRUCTURING COMPANIES UNDER CRISIS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hezi Aviram SHAYB

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Nobody is planning to fail, but many companies are failing because of lack of planning. Real business experience showed during the years that crisis can be prevented, avoided or limited. If detected in time, the risks associated with the crisis can be mitigated and the effects can be diminished, with the condition that the actions required are done fast, in a sharp and accurate manner. When it comes, a crisis brings an intense level of pressure and under these conditions there is no time or room for mistakes. Delays, losing focus and lack of planning will bring a company one step away from failure. The right way to deal with crisis, if required measures are not done in time, is to minimize the losses and reposition in the best way possible. Analysing the success stories of some of the biggest and strongest companies in the world, led to an important conclusion: the majority of these companies were in the situation to face huge crises which threatened their ability to survive in certain moments, on their way to success. With the right planning and by setting a proper organisational structure, the negative aspects of the crisis can be turned into benefits and opportunities for the company. The most critical challenge for management is to assess the level of exposure to risk of the company and identify the key points to focus on in order to overcome the crisis and create value. In order to set up a strong plan in dealing with crisis, a business organisation needs reliable, efficient and effective tools and this is what this article is all about.

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF HOTEL COMPANIES: CASE STUDY OF HOTEL COMPANIES IN VOJVODINA (SERBIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Svetlana VUKOSAV

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Contemporary approaches to the management of the company are focused on achieving long-term success of the company in its complex and changing environment. Company as part of the wider environment, must adapt to the changing environment in order to survive, growing and developing. The task of strategic management is to enable the enterprise in the tourism industry to rationally and promptly react to changes in the environment in which it carries out its business and general activity. The aim of this paper is to determine whether and to what extent the process of the strategic management is being implemented in hotels in Vojvodina(that are changed ownership structure and what is their response to the competitive pressures and opportunities, and demands and needs of consumers Strategic positioning in order to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through product differentiation and segmentation of demand is imperative for success of hotel companies in Vojvodina.

KNOWLEDGE IN LEARNING COMPANIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alexandrina Cristina VASILE

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Changes are the only constant value in the current unpredictable economy. Under these circumstances leaders and employees must manage the external and internal environment and bring profitability for their companies. This paper gives an introductory approach to different perspective over learning companies in international literature. Different theoretical aspects, models and theories are taken into account for having a higher visibility to the complex concept of learning companies from leadership side to multiculturalism as the firm profitability should be the final goal of each economic system. The article concludes that not the process of learning is important but the adaptability to every different environment must be seen as vital.

Biodiversity footprint of companies - Summary report

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Rooij, van W.; Arets, E.J.M.M.

2017-01-01

Companies are becoming increasingly aware of their impact on biodiversity and natural capital. This may result from their implicit dependence on natural capital, from increasingly more critical consumers, or from the genuine concern of company managers and owners. Consequently, companies have an

Early stages of technology intensive companies

OpenAIRE

Muhos, M. (Matti)

2011-01-01

Abstract This study aims to clarify the early development stages of technology intensive companies. The current literature does not offer an extensive review of stage perspectives for company growth – the overall picture of the field is somewhat vague. The evolution of this field remains unclear as well as the current state. Further, recent empirical stage models focusing on technology intensive companies have not been delineated. As companies move through their early stages, they face ev...

Crucial market demands and company competencies

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Bjarne; Stacey, Julia

1999-01-01

More and more, it is acknowledged that a company's success depends on it being capable of complying with the market's demands and wishes. It is, however, not always obvious, how the individual company will be able to meet the market's demands. A recent MAPP study has investigated this topic...... and identified a number of central market demands, which Danish food companies are faced with. Moreover, the study has identified which competencies are required to meet these demands and have also looked at howsuccessful companies structure some of these competencies. The study takes its point of departure...... in a literature review of MAPP's research. Results show that there are 27 central market demands, retail and consumer demands that Danish companies ought to be able to live up to. The study has also identified which competencies food companies must possess to be able to meet market's demands. Results from three...

Coomunication Culture in a company

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M V Korotitskaya

2008-03-01

Full Text Available The article substantiates the interconnections between the level of communicative culture in a company and the level of management, which shows the investment and financial attractiveness of the enterprise. The article reveals principles and methods of sociocommunicative technology, whose application positively affects the state of communicative culture of within a company. Application examples of these principles and methods in management of power grid companies in the Belgorod region are also given.

Benchmarking in Mobarakeh Steel Company

OpenAIRE

Sasan Ghasemi; Mohammad Nazemi; Mehran Nejati

2008-01-01

Benchmarking is considered as one of the most effective ways of improving performance in companies. Although benchmarking in business organizations is a relatively new concept and practice, it has rapidly gained acceptance worldwide. This paper introduces the benchmarking project conducted in Esfahan's Mobarakeh Steel Company, as the first systematic benchmarking project conducted in Iran. It aims to share the process deployed for the benchmarking project in this company and illustrate how th...

STUDY REGARDING THE USE OF THE TOOLS OFFERED BY MICROSOFT EXCEL SOFTWARE IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE BIHOR COUNTY COMPANIES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Țarca Naiana

2014-07-01

Full Text Available A business activity involves many decision situations. These include organization, aggregation, processing, modelling and analysis of large volumes of information. By using specialized software that provides tools for analysis, aggregation and data modeling, company managers can quickly obtain significant information about company activity. For different reasons some companies are opting for a summary analysis of data, while others for a complex analysis of the data. Many companies use spreadsheet applications for inventory, data processing, modeling and analysis, useful for business activities. Microsoft Excel software is used by many of those who know and use spreadsheet applications for carrying out the work. Using tools to organize, aggregate, modelling and data analysis provided by spreadsheet application, these companies can make complex economic analyses and prognoses that lead to better decisions. For example, the Pivot tables are a simple way to extract relevant information from complex data sets in a quick and simple manner. Solver can be used to solve optimization problems. Correlation is useful in interpreting the relationships between various indicators. Based on these considerations we conducted a study in which we sought to obtain information on how instruments such as Pivot tables, Solver and Correlation are used in the business activities of companies. Companies that attaches high importance of using Pivot tables are medium and large companies. Among the companies using Solver tool, very little use GRG Nonlinear and Evolutionary Algorithms. Therefore, the Solver is used more to resolving optimization problems involving linear modeling. Correlation tool, which could help decision makers to understand more easily why the increasing of one of the factors implies the change of other factors and consequently help them make better decisions, is used far too little. Still too many companies give less importance to data organizing

77 FR 62378 - Supervisory and Company-Run Stress Test Requirements for Covered Companies

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-12

... consolidated assets as reported on the bank holding company's four most recent Consolidated Financial Statement... bank holding company with total consolidated assets of $50 billion or more and each nonbank financial... consolidated assets of more than $10 billion and for which the Board is the primary federal financial...

COMPANIES GROUPINGIN ALGERIAN AND COMPARATIVE LAW

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H’oriya SOUIKI

2017-12-01

Full Text Available A business cluster is the merging of two businesses or more, under the authority of one company called the parent company; the companies under its control are called the affiliates. What raises the debate about business clustering is the contradiction that may appear, at first glance, in the modus operandi of this business cluster and the relationship existing between its structures, knowing that the affiliated company has a legal independent status, but is at the same time subordinate to the parent company and subject to its control. The absence of an independent and detailed legal text to organize the mysteries of this giant economic structure makes this debate more intense.

78 FR 49990 - Dean Foods Company and WhiteWave Foods Company; Filing of Food Additive Petition

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-16

.... FDA-2013-N-0888] Dean Foods Company and WhiteWave Foods Company; Filing of Food Additive Petition... the WhiteWave Foods Company proposing that the food additive regulations be amended to provide for the expanded safe uses of vitamin D 2 and vitamin D 3 as nutrient supplements in food. DATES: The food additive...

IMPORTANCIA E IMPACTO SOCIAL DE LA TUBERCULOSIS EN LOS NIÑOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magnolia Arango Loboguerrero

2015-09-01

Full Text Available

Sin importar lo significativa que es la existencia de la tuberculosis (TB infantil, esta ha sido olvidada y subestimada hasta ahora y es de importancia secundaria en los programas de salud pública y en la clínica. Por inmadurez inmunológica y fisiopatogenia, hay expresiones clínicas inespecíficas, diversas y muy variables; presenta además dificultades en el diagnóstico por ser causada por poblaciones bacilares escasas, es decir es paucibacilar y difícil de detectar en las baciloscopias; las muestras son dispendiosas de recolectar debido a la limitación normal que tiene el niño para expectorar hasta los 4 a 5 años, lo cual hace que exista un bajo rendimiento de la positividad de los estudios.

IMPORTANCE AND SOCIAL IMPACT OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN

ABSTRACT

No matter how significant children tuberculosis (TB might be, it is a forgotten condition, so far underestimated, of secondary importance in public health programs and from its clinical aspect. Due to immunologic immaturity and physiopathogeny, there are non specific different and very variable manifestations, showing diagnostic difficulties for sputum being paucibacillar, germs not readiliy found in bacilloscopies; sputum samples are hard to collect, since children younger than 5 have trouble in coughing up, so bacilloscopies are seldom positive.

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Koch bacillus, children pneumopathies

Aligning ERP systems with companies' real needs: an `Operational Model Based' method

Science.gov (United States)

Mamoghli, Sarra; Goepp, Virginie; Botta-Genoulaz, Valérie

2017-02-01

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems offer standard functionalities that have to be configured and customised by a specific company depending on its own requirements. A consistent alignment is therefore an essential success factor of ERP projects. To manage this alignment, an 'Operational Model Based' method is proposed. It is based on the design and the matching of models, and conforms to the modelling views and constructs of the ISO 19439 and 19440 enterprise-modelling standards. It is characterised by: (1) a predefined design and matching order of the models; (2) the formalisation, in terms of modelling constructs, of alignment and misalignment situations; and (3) their association with a set of decisions in order to mitigate the misalignment risk. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the alignment management during ERP projects is given. Unlike existing methods, this one includes decisions related to the organisational changes an ERP system can induce, as well as criteria on which the best decision can be based. In this way, it provides effective support and guidance to companies implementing ERP systems, as the alignment process is detailed and structured. The method is applied on the ERP project of a Small and Medium Enterprise, showing that it can be used even in contexts where the ERP project expertise level is low.

Financial performances of Romanian wood industry companies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fitim DEARI

2015-06-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to analyze financial performances of 40 selected Romanian companies for the 2009-2013 period. The selected companies operate in the wood industry and we have used panel type data to perform a quantitative analysis. We have found that companies with higher total assets, current assets, average inventory and accounts receivables have higher sales. It seems larger companies with higher total and current assets (especially accounts receivable are more profitable than their counterparties. Similarly, larger companies with lower current assets, average inventory and accounts receivable have lower assets turnover. Companies with lower average inventory have higher ROA and assets turnover. Larger companies have more total and current assets, net profit, average inventory and accounts receivable than their counterparties, however they seem to display lower assets turnover and current to total assets ratio. Companies with higher current to total assets ratio have higher assets turnover and ROA.