Induction of Mitochondrial Dependent Apoptosis in Human Leukemia K562 Cells by Meconopsis integrifolia: A Species from Traditional Tibetan Medicine

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Jianping Fan

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Objectives: Meconopsis integrifolia (M. integrifolia is one of the most popular members in Traditional Tibetan Medicine. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effect of M. integrifolia and to detect the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Methods: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT assay and trypan blue assay were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of M. integrifolia. Changes in cell nuclear morphology and reactive oxygen species (ROS level were observed by fluorescent microscopy. Apoptosis ratio, DNA damage and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP loss were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting assay was adopted to detect the proteins related to apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the release of cytochrome C. Results: The obtained data revealed that M. integrifolia could significantly inhibit K562 cell viability, mainly by targeting apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Collapse in cell morphology, chromatin condensation, DNA damage and ROS accumulation were observed. Further mechanism detection revealed that mitochondrion might be a key factor in M. integrifolia-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: M. integrifolia could induce mitochondria mediated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase with little damage to normal cells, suggesting that M. integrifolia might be a potential and efficient anticancer agent that deserves further investigation.

Great genetic differentiation among populations of Meconopsis integrifolia and its implication for plant speciation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

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Fu-Sheng Yang

Full Text Available The complex tectonic events and climatic oscillations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP, the largest and highest plateau in the world, are thought to have had great effects on the evolutionary history of the native plants. Of great interest is to investigate plant population genetic divergence in the QTP and its correlation with the geologic and climatic changes. We conducted a range-wide phylogeographical analysis of M. integrifolia based on the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA trnL-trnF and trnfM-trnS regions, and defined 26 haplotypes that were phylogenetically divided into six clades dated to the late Tertiary. The six clades correspond, respectively, to highly differentiated population groups that do not overlap in geographic distribution, implying that the mountain ranges acting as corridors or barriers greatly affected the evolutionary history of the QTP plants. The older clade of M. integrifolia only occurs in the southwest of the species' range, whereas the distributions of younger clades extend northeastward in the eastern QTP, suggesting that climatic divergence resulting from the uplift of the QTP triggered the initial divergence of M. integrifolia native to the plateau. Also, the nrDNA ITS region was used to clarify the unexpected phylogenetic relationships of cpDNA haplotypes between M. integrifolia and M. betonicifolia. The topological incongruence between the two phylogenies suggests an ancestral hybridization between the two species. Our study indicates that geographic isolation and hybridization are two important mechanisms responsible for the population differentiation and speciation of Meconopsis, a species-rich genus with complex polyploids.

El vigía de la costa: funcionario olvidado de la historia de Yucatán, siglos XVI al XIX

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Jorge Victoria Ojeda

2015-09-01

This article presents an official who worked on the beaches of Yucatan, whose presence in regional history goes from colonial to independent times (XVI century-1867. Its role had not been studied in Hispanic America. In this research we give you to know the legal and illegal affairs that the watchtower (vigía performed in his job and waht that employment had implied.

Evaluation of a SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme involved in resistance to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in Solanum peruvianum, through a tomato mottle virus VIGS assay

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Mayra Janeth Esparza-Araiza

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm causes bacterial wilt and canker of tomato. Currently, no Solanum lycopersicum resistant varieties are commercially available, but some degree of Cmm resistance has been identified in Solanum peruvianum. Previous research showed up-regulation of a SUMO E2 conjugating enzyme (SCEI transcript in resistant S. peruvianum compared to susceptible S. lycopersicum following infection by Cmm. In order to test the role of SCEI in resistance to Cmm, a fragment of the gene from S. peruvianum was cloned into a novel virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS vector based on the geminivirus Tomato Mottle Virus (ToMoV. Using biolistic inoculation, the ToMoV-based VIGS vector was shown to be effective in S. peruvianum by silencing the magnesium chelatase gene, which resulted in leaf bleaching. The ToMoV_SCEI construct resulted in approx. 61% silencing of SCEI in leaves of S. peruvianum as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. VIGS of SCEI in S. peruvianum resulted in unilateral wilting (15 dpi and subsequent death (20 dpi of the entire plant after Cmm inoculation, whereas empty vector-treated plants only showed wilting in the Cmm-inoculated leaf. SCEI-silenced plants also showed higher Cmm colonization with an average of 4.5 times more damaged tissue compared to the empty vector control plants. SCEI appears to play an important role in the innate immunity of S. peruvianum against Cmm, perhaps through the regulation of WRKY transcription factors, which may lead to expression of proteins involved in salicylic acid-dependent defense responses.

Flowering Without Vernalization in Winter Canola (Brassica napus: use of Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS to accelerate genetic gain

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Raúl Álvarez-Venegas

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Ciclos de reproducción cortos y la oportunidad de incrementar la ganancia genética, junto con el estudio de las bases moleculares de la vernalización, son áreas esenciales de investigación dentro de la biología de plantas. Varios métodos se han empleado para lograr el silenciamiento génico en plantas, pero ninguno reportado a la fecha para canola (Brassica napus, y en particular para inducir la floración sin vernalización en líneas de invierno a través del uso de secuencias sentido de DNA en vectores diseñados para el silenciamiento génico inducido por virus (VIGS. La presente investigación provee los métodos para transitoriamente regular a la baja, por medio de VIGS, genes de la vernalización en plantas anuales de invierno, específicamente la familia de genes de Flowering Locus C (FLC en canola de invierno (BnFLC1 a BnFLC5. La regulación a la baja de estos genes permite a las plantas anuales de invierno florecer sin vernalización y, consecuentemente, provee los medios para acelerar la ganancia genética. El sistema de silenciamiento propuesto puede ser utilizado para regular a la baja familias de genes, para determinar la función génica, y para inducir la floración sin la vernalización en líneas de invierno tanto del género Brassica como de muchos cultivos importantes de invierno.

Padrão do ciclo sono-vigília e sua relação com a ansiedade em estudantes universitários Sleep/wake cycle pattern and its relationship with anxiety in college students

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Katie Moraes de Almondes

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, foram investigadas as relações entre o ciclo sono-vigília e a ansiedade. O ciclo sono-vigília e traço e estado de ansiedade foram avaliados em 37 estudantes do segundo ano do curso médico. Os estudantes responderam ao Índice de Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburgh - IQSP, ao Inventário de Estado e Traço de Ansiedade - IDATE e a um questionário de matutinidade - vespertinidade (cronotipo. Todos registraram seu sono em um diário durante duas semanas. Os resultados mostraram que os estudantes de medicina tinham altos escores de traço e estado de ansiedade. Aqueles que tinham maiores escores de traço de ansiedade acordavam mais cedo nos dias de semana e finais de semana enquanto os que apresentavam irregularidade do seu ciclo sono-vigília apresentaram maior estado de ansiedade. Sugere-se que há uma relação entre o ciclo sono-vigília e a ansiedade.This paper examines the relationship between the sleep/wake cycle and anxiety in medical students. The sleep/wake cycle and anxiety were evaluated in 37 second year medical school students. The volunteers answered a morningness-eveningness questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI and state and trait of anxiety inventory - STAI; all kept a sleep/wake diary for two weeks. The results showed that the students had high anxiety trait and state. Students who had high anxiety trait had an earlier sleep offset on weekdays and weekend, and students who displayed irregularity in the sleep/wake cycle had high anxiety state. These results suggest a relationship between the sleep/wake cycle and anxiety.

Sono-vigília, aspectos de memória e melatonina em Síndrome de Williams-Beuren: uma revisão de literatura

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Stella Donadon Santoro

2014-12-01

Full Text Available A Síndrome de Williams-Beuren, distúrbio genético (microdeleção na região cromossômica 7q11.23, apresenta como fenótipo aparente habilidade social que contrasta com o mau funcionamento cognitivo global e visuo-espacial, problemas na forma receptiva, estrutural e semântica da comunicação, além de déficits na atenção, hiperatividade e na memória visuoespacial. Outra caracteristica são desordens no ciclo sono-vigília, com sono ineficaz, resistência em ir para a cama, acordares durante a noite e sonolência durante o dia. Uma possibilidade ainda não explorada nesta síndrome seria o padrão anormal na síntese de melatonina, hormônio capaz de modular a qualidade do sono. Considerando que a qualidade do sono é diretamente influenciada pelos níveis de melatonina e que tanto a melatonina quanto o sono são essenciais para o desenvolvimento adequado das funções cognitivas, buscou-se nesta revisão de literatura quais estudos investigaram separadamente e ou correlacionaram estes três aspectos (melatonina, sono-vigília e memória na síndrome de Williams-Beuren. Para busca, foram utilizadas as bases de dados Medline/Pubmed, SciELO e Lilacs, com os seguintes descritores: "Williams Beuren syndrome, síndrome de Williams Beuren, memory, memória, sleep-wake, sono-vigília, melatonin e melatonina", por meio de cruzamento e com o conectivo AND. O levantamento bibliográfico mostrou que não existem na literatura trabalhos que correlacionaram estas três variáveis entre si nem tampouco trabalhos que investigaram a melatonina na síndrome de Williams-Beuren. As investigações sobre sono assim como as investigações sobre memória são criticamente discutidas neste trabalho que ressalta a necessidade de estudos que correlacionem estes parâmetros, bem como outros fatores comportamentais, cognitivos e bioquímicos a eles relacionados.

Die vroeë kommunikasieontwikkeling van ’n groep babas met pediatriese MIV/VIGS in sorgsentrums

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Isabel Bam

2003-11-01

Full Text Available The high prevalence and serious sequelae of the pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS in South Africa pose great challenges for clinicians involved in early intervention to develop appropriate interdisciplinary programmes for primary prevention of transmission of the virus as well as secondary interventions directed at the early management of the unique combination of serious health problems, neuro-developmental needs and caregiving circumstances of the infants. Opsomming Die hoë prevalensie en ernstige gevolge van die pediatriese menslike immuniteitsgebrek-virus (MIV/VIGS in Suid-Afrika stel groot uitdagings aan klinici betrokke by vroeë intervensie om toepaslike interdissiplinêre programme te ontwikkel vir primêre voorkoming van oordrag van die virus asook sekondêre intervensies gerig op die vroeë hantering van die babas se unieke kombinasie van ernstige Gesondheids-probleme, neuro-ontwikkelingsbehoeftes en versorgingsomstandighede. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the presence of methimazole therapy Vasculite leucocitoclástica cutânea na vigência de terapêutica com metimazol

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Carla de Oliveira Ribeiro

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Treatment with antithyroid drugs may be accompanied by side effects. We present a patient diagnosed with Grave's Disease who developed extensive vasculitis in the lower limbs during methimazole use. After suspension of the methimazole and the introduction of prednisone in immunesupressor doses the cutaneous lesions started to involute.A terapêutica com drogas antitireoidianas pode ser acompanhada de efeitos colaterais. Apresentamos um caso de paciente com diagnóstico de Doença de Graves que na vigência da terapêutica com metimazol desenvolveu um quadro extenso de vasculite de membros inferiores. A partir da suspensão do metimazol e da introdução de prednisona em doses imunossupressoras as lesões cutâneas entraram em involução.

Ecological status of high altitude medicinal plants and their sustainability: Lingshi, Bhutan.

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Lakey; Dorji, Kinley

2016-10-11

Human beings use plants for a multitude of purposes of which a prominent one across the globe is for their medicinal values. Medicinal plants serve as one of the major sources of income for high altitude inhabitants in the Himalaya, particularly in countries like Nepal, and Bhutan. People here harvest huge volumes of medicinal plants indiscriminately, risking their sustainability. This paper attempts to identify some of the priority medicinal plant species harvested in the wild and assess their ecological status for their judicious utilization, and to help provide policy guidance for possible domestication and support strategic conservation frameworks. Out of the 16 priority species identified by the expert group, collectors' perception on ecological status of the priority species differed from survey findings. Chrysosplenium nudicaule (clumps) ranked as most threatened species followed by Corydalis dubia, and Meconopsis simplicifolia. Onosma hookeri, Corydalis crispa and Delphinium glaciale were some of the species ranked as threatened species followed by Halenia elliptica (not in priority list). Percent relative abundance showed irregular pattern of species distribution. High species evenness was recorded among Nardostachys grandiflora, Chrysosplenium nudicaule, Saussurea gossypiphora and Aconitum orochryseum with average species density of 8 plant m -2 . Rhodiola crenulata, and Dactylorhiza hatagirea followed by Meconopsis horridula and Meconopsis simplicifolia were ranked as most threatened species with average species density of 0.4, 0.4, 5.6 and 6.0 plant m -2 , respectively. The most abundant (common) species was Onosma hookeri (plant m -2 ). Species composition and density also differed with vegetation, altitude, slope and its aspects. Priority species identified by expert group were found vulnerable and patchy in distribution. Survey results and collectors' perceptions tally to an extent. Some of the species (Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Rhodiola crenulata

Estudio hidrogeológico para el establecimiento de un campo de pozos a explotar por aguas de Mérida c.a., en la zona comprendida entre los sectores de Aroa II y Prado Hermoso de El Vigía, municipio Alberto Adriani del Estado Mérida

OpenAIRE

Pérez Moreno, Nohelia del Rocío; Sánchez Caro, Carlos Paúl

2014-01-01

Tutor Indutrial Ing. Leonardo Trejo. La zona estudiada se ubica en la ciudad de El Vigía, entre los sectores de Aroa II y la Urb. Prado Hermoso del municipio Alberto Adriani; abarca un área aproximada de tres (3) kilómetros cuadrados, ubicada dentro de un abanico aluvial, donde se hicieron tres (3) calicatas, alcanzando una profundidad máxima de 138 centímetros, y en las que se apreció una granocrecencia de tope a base. De igual manera, se recolectaron ci...

An Optimized Protocol to Increase Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Efficiency and Minimize Viral Symptoms in Petunia

OpenAIRE

Broderick, Shaun R.; Jones, Michelle L.

2013-01-01

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used to down-regulate endogenous plant genes. VIGS efficiency depends on viral proliferation and systemic movement throughout the plant. Although tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS has been successfully used in petunia (Petunia × hybrida), the protocol has not been thoroughly optimized for efficient and uniform gene down-regulation in this species. Therefore, we evaluated six parameters that improved VIGS in petunia. Inoculation of mechanically wounde...

Gradient phonological inconsistency affects vocabulary learning.

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Muench, Kristin L; Creel, Sarah C

2013-09-01

Learners frequently experience phonologically inconsistent input, such as exposure to multiple accents. Yet, little is known about the consequences of phonological inconsistency for language learning. The current study examines vocabulary acquisition with different degrees of phonological inconsistency, ranging from no inconsistency (e.g., both talkers call a picture /vig/) to mild but detectable inconsistency (e.g., one talker calls a picture a /vig/, and the other calls it a /vIg/), up to extreme inconsistency (e.g., the same picture is both a /vig/ and a /dIdʒ/). Previous studies suggest that learners readily extract consistent phonological patterns, given variable input. However, in Experiment 1, adults acquired phonologically inconsistent vocabularies more slowly than phonologically consistent ones. Experiment 2 examined whether word-form inconsistency alone, without phonological competition, was a source of learning difficulty. Even without phonological competition, listeners learned faster in 1 accent than in 2 accents, but they also learned faster in 2 accents (/vig/ = /vIg/) than with completely different labels (/vig/ = /dIdʒ/). Overall, results suggest that learners exposed to multiple accents may experience difficulty learning when 2 forms mismatch by more than 1 phonological feature, plus increased phonological competition due to a greater number of word forms. Implications for learning from variable input are discussed. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved.

Fabricate-On-Demand Vacuum Insulating Glazings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McCamy, James W. [PPG Industries, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

2017-09-19

PPG proposed to design a fabricate-on-demand manufacturing process to overcome the cost and supply chain issues preventing widespread adoption of vacuum insulated glazing (VIG) units. To do so, we focused on improving three areas of VIG manufacturing that drive high costs and limit the ability for smaller manufacturers to enter the market: edge sealing, pillar design/placement, and evacuating the VIG.

Identification of an attenuated barley stripe mosaic virus for the virus-induced gene silencing of pathogenesis-related wheat genes

OpenAIRE

Buhrow, Leann M.; Clark, Shawn M.; Loewen, Michele C.

2016-01-01

Background Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has become an emerging technology for the rapid, efficient functional genomic screening of monocot and dicot species. The barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) has been described as an effective VIGS vehicle for the evaluation of genes involved in wheat and barley phytopathogenesis; however, these studies have been obscured by BSMV-induced phenotypes and defense responses. The utility of BSMV VIGS may be improved using a BSMV genetic background which...

Implementing a video-based intervention to empower staff members in an autism care organization: a qualitative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hall, Alex; Finch, Tracy; Kolehmainen, Niina; James, Deborah

2016-10-21

Implementing good-quality health and social care requires empowerment of staff members within organizations delivering care. Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) is an intervention using positive video feedback to empower staff through reflection on practice. This qualitative study explored the implementation of VIG within an autism care organization in England, from the perspective of staff members undergoing training to deliver VIG. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 7 participants working within the organization (5 staff undergoing training to deliver VIG; 2 senior managers influencing co-ordination of training). Participants were asked about their views of VIG and its implementation. The topic guide was informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Data were analysed inductively and emerging issues were related to NPT. Five broad themes were identified: (1) participants reported that they and other staff did not understand VIG until they became involved, initially believing it would highlight negative rather than positive practice; (2) enthusiastic feedback from staff who had been involved seemed to encourage other staff to become involved; (3) key implementation challenges included demands of daily work and securing managers' support; (4) ideas for future practice arising from empowerment through VIG seemed difficult to realise within an organizational culture reportedly unreceptive to creative ideas from staff; (5) individuals' emotional responses to implementation seemed beyond the reach of NPT, which focused more upon collective processes. Implementation of VIG may require recognition that it is not a 'quick fix'. Peer advocacy may be a fruitful implementation strategy. Senior managers may need to experience VIG to develop their understanding so that they can provide appropriate implementation support. NPT may lack specificity to explain how individual agency weaves with collective processes and social systems to embed

Genetic diversity and population structure in Meconopsis ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

STORAGESEVER

2010-05-24

May 24, 2010 ... The location and main ecological characteristics of sample sites are shown in ..... suggest that this is wind-pollinated and allogamous plant species ... (Teleostei, Characidae) from an urban stream, Hydrobiology, 553: 245-254 ...

A literature review of the impact of HIV and AIDS on the role of the elderly in the sub-Saharan African community

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Eucebious Lekalakala- Mokgele

2011-11-01

Opsomming Die status van ouer volwassenes in Afrika beklee’n klein, maar vinnig groeiende deel van die globale verouderings literatuur. Die menslike immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV en verworwe immuniteitsgebreksindroom (VIGS pandemie het ‘n nuwe fokus op die veranderende rol van bejaardes in die gemeenskap wat deur VIGS beïnvloed word, gegenereer. In sub-Sahara Afrika waar na beraming miljoene geïnfekteer word met MIV, met sowat twee miljoen sterftes jaarliks gerekordeer onder die tradisoneel produktiewe volwassenes, word daar van die kinders en bejaardes verwag om ongewone verantwoordelikhede op hulle te neem as gevolg van die verlies aan ouers of broodwinners. ‘n Literatuuroorsig wat handel oor bejaardes en MIV en VIGS het die geanaliseerde data voorsien vir hierdie artikel. Toegang tot die databasis was meestal deur EBSCO (www.ebsco.co wat soektog toegelaat het tot groot databasisse en soekenjins wat bruikbaar in die akademiese opset is en die vind van artikels aangaande gesondheid, gesondheidverwante akademiese joernale en argief verslae. Bevindings toon dat die VIGS pandemie direkte en indirekte effekte het. Hierdie effekte manifisteer in ‘n stel sosiaal verwante, ekonomiese en psigologiese dimensies wat ten einde ‘n impak op die gesondheid en welstand van bejaardes het. Daar is tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat meer gedoen moet word om die kennis basis van MIV en VIGS te artikuleer om die sosiale, ekonomiese en politiese beleid in kennis te stel, om sodoende die resulterende probleme van MIV en VIGS op die bejaarde Afrika populasie te verlig.

Down-regulation of osmotin (PR5) gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) leads to susceptibility of resistant Piper colubrinum Link. to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici Leonian.

Science.gov (United States)

Anu, K; Jessymol, K K; Chidambareswaren, M; Gayathri, G S; Manjula, S

2015-06-01

Piper colubrinum Link., a distant relative of Piper nigrum L., is immune to the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora capsici Leonian that causes 'quick wilt' in cultivated black pepper (P. nigrum). The osmotin, PR5 gene homologue, earlier identified from P. colubrinum, showed significant overexpression in response to pathogen and defense signalling molecules. The present study focuses on the functional validation of P. colubrinum osmotin (PcOSM) by virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) using Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV)-based vector. P. colubrinum plants maintained under controlled growth conditions in a growth chamber were infiltrated with Agrobacterium carrying TRV empty vector (control) and TRV vector carrying PcOSM. Three weeks post infiltration, viral movement was confirmed in newly emerged leaves of infiltrated plants by RT-PCR using TRV RNA1 and TRV RNA2 primers. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR confirmed significant down-regulation of PcOSM gene in TRV-PcOSM infiltrated plant compared with the control plants. The control and silenced plants were challenged with Phytophthora capsici which demonstrated that knock-down of PcOSM in P. colubrinum leads to increased fungal mycelial growth in silenced plants compared to control plants, which was accompanied by decreased accumulation of H2O2 as indicated by 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining. Thus, in this study, we demonstrated that Piper colubrinum osmotin gene is required for resisting P. capsici infection and has possible role in hypersensitive cell death response and oxidative burst signaling during infection.

The potential of virus-induced gene silencing for speeding up functional characterization of plant genes

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Benedito, V.A.; Visser, P.B.; Angenent, G.C.; Krens, F.A.

2004-01-01

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has been shown to be of great potential in plant reverse genetics. Advantages of VIGS over other approaches, such as T-DNA or transposon tagging, include the circumvention of plant transformation, methodological simplicity and robustness, and speedy results. These

Effectiveness of hospital-based video interaction guidance on parental interactive behavior, bonding, and stress after preterm birth : A randomized controlled trial

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hoffenkamp, H.N.; Tooten, A.; Hall, R.A.S.; Braeken, J.; Eliens, M.; Vingerhoets, A.J.J.M.; van Bakel, H.J.A.

2015-01-01

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effectiveness of hospital-based Video Interaction Guidance (VIG; Eliëns, 2010; Kennedy, Landor, & Todd, 2011) for mothers and fathers of infants born preterm (25-37 weeks of gestation). METHOD: VIG is a preventive video-feedback intervention to support the

Virus-induced gene silencing in Medicago truncatula and Lathyrus odorata

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grønlund, Mette; Kjær, Gabriela Didina Constantin; Piednoir, Elodie

2008-01-01

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has become an important reverse genetics tool for functional genomics. VIGS vectors based on Pea early browning virus (PEBV, genus Tobravirus) and Bean pod mottle virus (genus Comovirus) are available for the legume species Pisum sativum and Glycine max, respec...

A Foxtail mosaic virus Vector for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Maize.

Science.gov (United States)

Mei, Yu; Zhang, Chunquan; Kernodle, Bliss M; Hill, John H; Whitham, Steven A

2016-06-01

Plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). A limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or VIGS in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses Brome mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus have been shown to induce VIGS in maize (Zea mays). We describe here a new DNA-based VIGS system derived from Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV), a monopartite virus that is able to establish systemic infection and silencing of endogenous maize genes homologous to gene fragments inserted into the FoMV genome. To demonstrate VIGS applications of this FoMV vector system, four genes, phytoene desaturase (functions in carotenoid biosynthesis), lesion mimic22 (encodes a key enzyme of the porphyrin pathway), iojap (functions in plastid development), and brown midrib3 (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase), were silenced and characterized in the sweet corn line Golden × Bantam. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the FoMV infectious clone establishes systemic infection in maize inbred lines, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis), indicating the potential wide applications of this viral vector system for functional genomics studies in maize and other monocots. © 2016 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

A Foxtail mosaic virus Vector for Virus-Induced Gene Silencing in Maize1[OPEN

Science.gov (United States)

Mei, Yu; Kernodle, Bliss M.; Hill, John H.

2016-01-01

Plant viruses have been widely used as vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). A limited number of viruses have been developed into viral vectors for the purposes of gene expression or VIGS in monocotyledonous plants, and among these, the tripartite viruses Brome mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus have been shown to induce VIGS in maize (Zea mays). We describe here a new DNA-based VIGS system derived from Foxtail mosaic virus (FoMV), a monopartite virus that is able to establish systemic infection and silencing of endogenous maize genes homologous to gene fragments inserted into the FoMV genome. To demonstrate VIGS applications of this FoMV vector system, four genes, phytoene desaturase (functions in carotenoid biosynthesis), lesion mimic22 (encodes a key enzyme of the porphyrin pathway), iojap (functions in plastid development), and brown midrib3 (caffeic acid O-methyltransferase), were silenced and characterized in the sweet corn line Golden × Bantam. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the FoMV infectious clone establishes systemic infection in maize inbred lines, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), and green foxtail (Setaria viridis), indicating the potential wide applications of this viral vector system for functional genomics studies in maize and other monocots. PMID:27208311

Antibodies to the A27 protein of vaccinia virus neutralize and protect against infection but represent a minor component of Dryvax vaccine--induced immunity.

Science.gov (United States)

He, Yong; Manischewitz, Jody; Meseda, Clement A; Merchlinsky, Michael; Vassell, Russell A; Sirota, Lev; Berkower, Ira; Golding, Hana; Weiss, Carol D

2007-10-01

The smallpox vaccine Dryvax, which consists of replication-competent vaccinia virus, elicits antibodies that play a major role in protection. Several vaccinia proteins generate neutralizing antibodies, but their importance for protection is unknown. We investigated the potency of antibodies to the A27 protein of the mature virion in neutralization and protection experiments and the contributions of A27 antibodies to Dryvax-induced immunity. Using a recombinant A27 protein (rA27), we confirmed that A27 contains neutralizing determinants and that vaccinia immune globulin (VIG) derived from Dryvax recipients contains reactivity to A27. However, VIG neutralization was not significantly reduced when A27 antibodies were removed, and antibodies elicited by an rA27 enhanced the protection conferred by VIG in passive transfer experiments. These findings demonstrate that A27 antibodies do not represent the major fraction of neutralizing activity in VIG and suggest that immunity may be augmented by vaccines and immune globulins that include strong antibody responses to A27.

The chloroplast min system functions differentially in two specific nongreen plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Peng; Zhang, Jie; Su, Jianbin; Wang, Peng; Liu, Jun; Liu, Bing; Feng, Dongru; Wang, Jinfa; Wang, Hongbin

2013-01-01

The nongreen plastids, such as etioplasts, chromoplasts, etc., as well as chloroplasts, are all derived from proplastids in the meristem. To date, the Min system members in plants have been identified as regulators of FtsZ-ring placement, which are essential for the symmetrical division of chloroplasts. However, the regulation of FtsZ-ring placement in nongreen plastids is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the division site placement of nongreen plastids by examining the etioplasts as representative in Arabidopsis Min system mutants. Surprisingly, the shape and number of etioplasts in cotyledons of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 mutants were similar to that observed in wild-type plants, whereas arc12 and parc6 mutants exhibited enlarged etioplasts that were reduced in number. In order to examine nongreen plastids in true leaves, we silenced the ALB3 gene in these Min system mutant backgrounds to produce immature chloroplasts without the thylakoidal network using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS). Interestingly, consistent with our observations in etioplasts, enlarged and fewer nongreen plastids were only detected in leaves of parc6 (VIGS-ALB3) and arc12 (VIGS-ALB3) plants. Further, the FtsZ-ring assembled properly at the midpoint in nongreen plastids of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 (VIGS-ALB3) plants, but organized into multiple rings in parc6 (VIGS-ALB3) and presented fragmented filaments in arc12 (VIGS-ALB3) plants, suggesting that division site placement in nongreen plastids requires fewer components of the plant Min system. Taken together, these results suggest that division site placement in nongreen plastids is different from that in chloroplasts.

The chloroplast min system functions differentially in two specific nongreen plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peng Wang

Full Text Available The nongreen plastids, such as etioplasts, chromoplasts, etc., as well as chloroplasts, are all derived from proplastids in the meristem. To date, the Min system members in plants have been identified as regulators of FtsZ-ring placement, which are essential for the symmetrical division of chloroplasts. However, the regulation of FtsZ-ring placement in nongreen plastids is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the division site placement of nongreen plastids by examining the etioplasts as representative in Arabidopsis Min system mutants. Surprisingly, the shape and number of etioplasts in cotyledons of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 mutants were similar to that observed in wild-type plants, whereas arc12 and parc6 mutants exhibited enlarged etioplasts that were reduced in number. In order to examine nongreen plastids in true leaves, we silenced the ALB3 gene in these Min system mutant backgrounds to produce immature chloroplasts without the thylakoidal network using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS. Interestingly, consistent with our observations in etioplasts, enlarged and fewer nongreen plastids were only detected in leaves of parc6 (VIGS-ALB3 and arc12 (VIGS-ALB3 plants. Further, the FtsZ-ring assembled properly at the midpoint in nongreen plastids of arc3, arc11 and mcd1 (VIGS-ALB3 plants, but organized into multiple rings in parc6 (VIGS-ALB3 and presented fragmented filaments in arc12 (VIGS-ALB3 plants, suggesting that division site placement in nongreen plastids requires fewer components of the plant Min system. Taken together, these results suggest that division site placement in nongreen plastids is different from that in chloroplasts.

Video Interaction Guidance in Collaborative Group Work: Impact on Primary School Pupils' Self-Esteem and Behaviours

Science.gov (United States)

Musset, Matthew; Topping, Keith

2017-01-01

Video interaction guidance (VIG) is an increasingly recognised evidence-based intervention. VIG was used to enhance pupil responses during a group work programme. Fifteen primary-aged classes across a range of socio-economic status received regular group work over a year. A mixed methods repeated measures design involved nine experimental classes…

Developing Teaching Assistants' Skills in Positive Behaviour Management: An Application of Video Interaction Guidance in a Secondary School

Science.gov (United States)

Hayes, Ben; Richardson, Sally; Hindle, Sarah; Grayson, Katy

2011-01-01

This paper reports an action research project in a school in the UK designed to investigate the impact of a brief Video Interaction Guidance (VIG) intervention in promoting skills of non-teaching staff in positive behaviour management. A summary of the literature in relation to VIG is provided before describing the project and data collected. Ten…

Protocol: using virus-induced gene silencing to study the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in Pisum sativum

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Grønlund, Mette; Olsen, Anne; Johansen, Elisabeth

2010-01-01

, the available PEBV-VIGS protocols are inadequate for studying genes involved in the symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Here we describe a PEBV-VIGS protocol suitable for reverse genetics studies in pea of genes involved in the symbiosis with AMF and show its effectiveness in silencing genes...... involved in the early and late stages of AMF symbiosis....

Kaks elunägemist Edinburghi rahvusvaheliselt filmifestivalislt / Siim Vatalin

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Vatalin, Siim

2007-01-01

Edinburghi rahvusvahelisest filmifestivalist. Kahest festivalil linastunud dokumentaalfilmist - "Klooster. Hr Vig ja nunn" ("The Monastery: Mr Vig and the Nun"), Taani 2006, režii ja kaamera Pernille Rose GrınkjΜr ja "Kuidas toota vastuhakku? Michael Moore'i varjatud pale" ("Manufacturing Dissent: Uncovering Michael Moore"), Kanada 2007, režii Deborah Melnik ja Rick Caine, kaamera Rick Caine

Utilizing virus-induced gene silencing for the functional characterization of maize genes during infection with the fungal pathogen Ustilago maydis.

Science.gov (United States)

van der Linde, Karina; Doehlemann, Gunther

2013-01-01

While in dicotyledonous plants virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is well established to study plant-pathogen interaction, in monocots only few examples of efficient VIGS have been reported so far. One of the available systems is based on the brome mosaic virus (BMV) which allows gene silencing in different cereals including barley (Hordeum vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and maize (Zea mays).Infection of maize plants by the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis leads to the formation of large tumors on stem, leaves, and inflorescences. During this biotrophic interaction, plant defense responses are actively suppressed by the pathogen, and previous transcriptome analyses of infected maize plants showed comprehensive and stage-specific changes in host gene expression during disease progression.To identify maize genes that are functionally involved in the interaction with U. maydis, we adapted a VIGS system based on the Brome mosaic virus (BMV) to maize at conditions that allow successful U. maydis infection of BMV pre-infected maize plants. This setup enables quantification of VIGS and its impact on U. maydis infection using a quantitative real-time PCR (q(RT)-PCR)-based readout.

The Video Interaction Guidance approach applied to teaching communication skills in dentistry.

Science.gov (United States)

Quinn, S; Herron, D; Menzies, R; Scott, L; Black, R; Zhou, Y; Waller, A; Humphris, G; Freeman, R

2016-05-01

To examine dentists' views of a novel video review technique to improve communication skills in complex clinical situations. Dentists (n = 3) participated in a video review known as Video Interaction Guidance to encourage more attuned interactions with their patients (n = 4). Part of this process is to identify where dentists and patients reacted positively and effectively. Each dentist was presented with short segments of video footage taken during an appointment with a patient with intellectual disabilities and communication difficulties. Having observed their interactions with patients, dentists were asked to reflect on their communication strategies with the assistance of a trained VIG specialist. Dentists reflected that their VIG session had been insightful and considered the review process as beneficial to communication skills training in dentistry. They believed that this technique could significantly improve the way dentists interact and communicate with patients. The VIG sessions increased their awareness of the communication strategies they use with their patients and were perceived as neither uncomfortable nor threatening. The VIG session was beneficial in this exploratory investigation because the dentists could identify when their interactions were most effective. Awareness of their non-verbal communication strategies and the need to adopt these behaviours frequently were identified as key benefits of this training approach. One dentist suggested that the video review method was supportive because it was undertaken by a behavioural scientist rather than a professional counterpart. Some evidence supports the VIG approach in this specialist area of communication skills and dental training. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Identification of Meconopsis species by a DNA barcode sequence ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding is a novel technology that uses a standard DNA sequence to facilitate species identification. Species identification is necessary for the authentication of traditional plant based medicines. Although a consensus has not been agreed regarding which DNA sequences can be used as ...

Characterization of a Brome mosaic virus strain and its use as a vector for gene silencing in monocotyledonous hosts.

Science.gov (United States)

Ding, Xin Shun; Schneider, William L; Chaluvadi, Srinivasa Rao; Mian, M A Rouf; Nelson, Richard S

2006-11-01

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is used to analyze gene function in dicotyledonous plants but less so in monocotyledonous plants (particularly rice and corn), partially due to the limited number of virus expression vectors available. Here, we report the cloning and modification for VIGS of a virus from Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue) that caused systemic mosaic symptoms on barley, rice, and a specific cultivar of maize (Va35) under greenhouse conditions. Through sequencing, the virus was determined to be a strain of Brome mosaic virus (BMV). The virus was named F-BMV (F for Festuca), and genetic determinants that controlled the systemic infection of rice were mapped to RNAs 1 and 2 of the tripartite genome. cDNA from RNA 3 of the Russian strain of BMV (R-BMV) was modified to accept inserts from foreign genes. Coinoculation of RNAs 1 and 2 from F-BMV and RNA 3 from R-BMV expressing a portion of a plant gene to leaves of barley, rice, and maize plants resulted in visual silencing-like phenotypes. The visual phenotypes were correlated with decreased target host transcript levels in the corresponding leaves. The VIGS visual phenotype varied from maintained during silencing of actin 1 transcript expression to transient with incomplete penetration through affected tissue during silencing of phytoene desaturase expression. F-BMV RNA 3 was modified to allow greater accumulation of virus while minimizing virus pathogenicity. The modified vector C-BMV(A/G) (C for chimeric) was shown to be useful for VIGS. These BMV vectors will be useful for analysis of gene function in rice and maize for which no VIGS system is reported.

THE ROLE OF THE VIDEO INTERACTION GUIDANCE IN THE ENRICHMENT OF STUDENT TEACHERS’ SOCIAL SKILLS

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ŠÍROVÁ, Eva

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The school is a complicated social organism. The integration in it could be complicated for teacher novices, who have studied theoretically psychological and pedagogical aspects of learning, but have not many opportunities to develop their professional abilities in the real education. The article deals with using of the video interaction guidance (VIG in the education of the teachers to support their professional development – above all in the area of communication skills. The improvement of the communication significantly helps to create a positive, relaxed, but learning centred climate whereby increases the efficiency of the whole teaching process. The investigation of using of the VIG in the preparation of student teachers is presented in the form of quantitative research and an illustrative case-study. Results of the research suggest that the positive video feedback provides a valuable opportunity for personal, professional and social development for both teachers and pupils across the range of contexts. The VIG improves the communication skills of student teachers, therefore enhances effective learning and teaching and minimises negative contact, e.g. misunderstanding, inattention or conflict. As a consequence, the using of the VIG had a positive impact on the self-esteem and mental hygiene of student teachers who have started fully enjoy the teaching, being energized by it.

HIV and AIDS knowledge and sexual behaviours amongst secondary school learners in Harare, Zimbabwe

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Margaret Mlingo

2012-07-01

Most learners had obtained their HIV and AIDS knowledge from schools, but some did so from their parents, community activities, the radio or television. No learner had commenced with sexual activities and all had heard about HIV, but not all knew what HIV was, and even fewer could define AIDS. Less than one-third of the learners could mention the three most important HIV preventive measures. Most learners were willing to undergo voluntary counselling and testing (VCT, but few had done so. As no learner had commenced sexual activities, opportunities existed to empower Grade 8 (Form 1 learners with adequate HIV and AIDS knowledge. Generally the learners’ HIV and AIDS knowledge levels were high but some misconceptions existed. Schools should engage with radio and television programmes to address misconceptions about HIV and AIDS. Learners should be enabled to access VCT services. More effective HIV prevention education in Zimbabwe’s schools, could enable more youth to remain HIV negative. Opsomming Pogings om die Menslike Immuniteitsgebrekvirus (MIV en Verworwe immuniteits-gebreksindroom (VIGS pandemiese golf in Afrika te stuit, beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid dat leerders ingeligte besluite moet kan neem. Alhoewel leerders in Zimbabwe se skole onderrig word oor MIV en VIGS, behoort die omvang van die kennis vasgestel te word. Die hoofdoelwit was om sekondêre skool leerders van Harare, Zimbabwe, se MIV en VIGS kennis te bepaal. Gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer met 75 Graad 8 (Vorm 1 sekondêre skool leerders van vier skole in Harare. Die meeste leerders het hulle MIV and VIGS kennis by skole opgedoen terwyl ‘n paar dit van hulle ouers, gemeenskapsaktiwiteite, die radio en televisie gekry het. Geen leerders het met seksuele aktiwiteite begin nie, almal het van MIV gehoor, maar nie almal het geweet wat MIV is nie, en nog minder kon VIGS definieer. Minder as een-derde kon die drie belangrikste MIV voorkomende maatreëls noem. Die meeste leerders was gewillig om

Virus-induced gene silencing of Withania somnifera squalene synthase negatively regulates sterol and defence-related genes resulting in reduced withanolides and biotic stress tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Singh, Anup Kumar; Dwivedi, Varun; Rai, Avanish; Pal, Shaifali; Reddy, Sajjalavarahalli Gangireddy Eswara; Rao, Dodaghatta Krishnarao Venkata; Shasany, Ajit Kumar; Nagegowda, Dinesh A

2015-12-01

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is an important Indian medicinal plant that produces withanolides, which are triterpenoid steroidal lactones having diverse biological activities. To enable fast and efficient functional characterization of genes in this slow-growing and difficult-to-transform plant, a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was established by silencing phytoene desaturase (PDS) and squalene synthase (SQS). VIGS of the gene encoding SQS, which provides precursors for triterpenoids, resulted in significant reduction of squalene and withanolides, demonstrating its application in studying withanolides biosynthesis in W. somnifera leaves. A comprehensive analysis of gene expression and sterol pathway intermediates in WsSQS-vigs plants revealed transcriptional modulation with positive feedback regulation of mevalonate pathway genes, and negative feed-forward regulation of downstream sterol pathway genes including DWF1 (delta-24-sterol reductase) and CYP710A1 (C-22-sterol desaturase), resulting in significant reduction of sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. However, there was little effect of SQS silencing on cholesterol, indicating the contribution of sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol, but not of cholesterol, towards withanolides formation. Branch-point oxidosqualene synthases in WsSQS-vigs plants exhibited differential regulation with reduced CAS (cycloartenol synthase) and cycloartenol, and induced BAS (β-amyrin synthase) and β-amyrin. Moreover, SQS silencing also led to the down-regulation of brassinosteroid-6-oxidase-2 (BR6OX2), pathogenesis-related (PR) and nonexpressor of PR (NPR) genes, resulting in reduced tolerance to bacterial and fungal infection as well as to insect feeding. Taken together, SQS silencing negatively regulated sterol and defence-related genes leading to reduced phytosterols, withanolides and biotic stress tolerance, thus implicating the application of VIGS for functional analysis of genes related to withanolides

Die erediensgebed en MIV/vigs

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B.J. de Klerk

2003-08-01

Full Text Available Prayers in the worship service and HIV/Aids It seems as if most churches are still – to a great extent – not seriously involved in the problems of the HIV/Aids pandemic, and that prayers in the worship service for people suffering from HIV/Aids are few or even totally absent. The extent of the pandemic is overwhelming, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The needs and the suffering of Aids patients in terms of the physical, psychological and social aspects of their lives are likewise radical. The stigmatisation of Aids is far-reaching among all the population groups and forms the source of degradation and loneliness experienced by HIV-positive people. Churches should thus bring this suffering before God in prayer. Prayer is a communicative action in the worship service, but it is much more than communication; it is communion with the almighty God. In his communion with people praying to Him, God gives them strength to bring about a change of heart and attitude towards those for whom they are praying. Guidelines are suggested for focusing on HIV/Aids too in the elements of doxology, thanksgiving, humbling and prayers during the worship service. The conclusion arrived at implies that occasional worship-service prayers focusing on HIV/Aids can have a definite influence on the congregation’s attitude towards, their involvement with, and their active care for people suffering from HIV/Aids.

Die erediensgebed en MIV/vigs

OpenAIRE

De Klerk, B.J.

2003-01-01

Prayers in the worship service and HIV/Aids It seems as if most churches are still – to a great extent – not seriously involved in the problems of the HIV/Aids pandemic, and that prayers in the worship service for people suffering from HIV/Aids are few or even totally absent. The extent of the pandemic is overwhelming, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. The needs and the suffering of Aids patients in terms of the physical, psychological and social aspects of their lives are likewise radical...

Refugees’ perceptions regarding HIV and AIDS in Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality in Limpopo Province

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Elizabeth Nkwinika

2014-10-01

Doelwitte: Die navorsing het ten doel gehad om vlugtelinge te Humulani dorpie in Ba-Phalaborwa munisipaliteit, Limpopo provinsie, se persepsies oor MIV en vigs te ondersoek en beskryf. Die doelwitte het die bepaling van geslagspersepsies oor MIV en vigs ingesluit, asook om aanbevelings te bied vir maniere om die vlugtelinge ’n beter begrip van MIV en vigs te gee. Metode: ’n Kwantitatiewe benadering tot hierdie navorsing is gevolg. Die teikenpopulasie van die studie was al die vlugtelinge te Humulani dorpie. Die steekproef het uit beide manlike (n = 78 en vroulike (n = 122 deelnemers bestaan wat vraelyste voltooi het. Die steekproef vlugtelinge was van verskillende etniese groepe afkomstig: Mosambiek, Nigerië, Ghana en Zimbabwe. Die vraelys het twee afdelings gehad: Afdeling A het die biografiese data bevat en Afdeling B het die vlugtelinge se kennis van MIV ondersoek. Resultate: Die bevindinge van die studie het onthul dat die deelnemers oor lae kennisvlakke rakende MIV beskik – dit kan toegeskryf word aan hul geloof in die mites aangaande MIV en vigs. Gevolgtrekking: Die populasie van MIV-besmette vlugtelinge in Limpopo mag steeds groei indien daar nie aandag geskenk word aan die unieke behoeftes van die vlugtelinge nie, soos die versterking van voortplantingsgesondheidsdienste, gesinsbeplanning, en moeder- en kindersorg, asook die verbetering van hul opvoedkundige en sosio-ekonomiese welstand.

High Reliability R-10 Windows Using Vacuum Insulating Glass Units

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Stark, David

2012-08-16

The objective of this effort was for EverSealed Windows (“EverSealed” or “ESW”) to design, assemble, thermally and environmentally test and demonstrate a Vacuum Insulating Glass Unit (“VIGU” or “VIG”) that would enable a whole window to meet or exceed the an R-10 insulating value (U-factor ≤ 0.1). To produce a VIGU that could withstand any North American environment, ESW believed it needed to design, produce and use a flexible edge seal system. This is because a rigid edge seal, used by all other know VIG producers and developers, limits the size and/or thermal environment of the VIG to where the unit is not practical for typical IG sizes and cannot withstand severe outdoor environments. The rigid-sealed VIG’s use would be limited to mild climates where it would not have a reasonable economic payback when compared to traditional double-pane or triple-pane IGs. ESW’s goals, in addition to achieving a sufficiently high R-value to enable a whole window to achieve R-10, included creating a VIG design that could be produced for a cost equal to or lower than a traditional triple-pane IG (low-e, argon filled). ESW achieved these goals. EverSealed produced, tested and demonstrated a flexible edge-seal VIG that had an R-13 insulating value and the edge-seal system durability to operate reliably for at least 40 years in the harshest climates of North America.

Assessing behavioural intention of small and medium enterprises in implementing an HIV/AIDS policy and programme

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Parsadh

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs are likely to feel the impact of an HIV/AIDS epidemic through reduced productivity and an increased percentage of absenteeism; staff turnover; recruitment and training costs; cost of employee benefits; and poor staff morale. One of the interventions is to implement an HIV/AIDS policy and programme, yet a literature search showed that psychological studies of SMEs in implementing an HIV/AIDS policy and programme are limited. The present study utilised the model of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1988, 1991, which is an extension of the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980. The intention to implement an HIV/AIDS policy and programme was predicted by the theory of planned behaviour constructs such as attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. The theory of planned behaviour was found to have limited use in assessing behavioural intention of SMEs in implementing an HIV/AIDS policy and programme. Opsomming Die uitwerking van die MIV/VIGS pandemie op Klein en Medium Sake-ondernemings sal tot gevolg hê ’n afname in produktiwiteit; ’n toename in personeelafwesigheid, personeelomset, personeelwerwing en –opleidingskoste, personeelvoordele; en swak personeel moraal tot gevolg hê. Een manier om die probleem aan te spreek is om ’n MIV/VIGS beleid en program te implimenteer. Navorsing toon dat psigologiese studies van klein en medium sakeondernemings om ’n HIV/VIGS beleid en program te implimenteer, beperk is. Hierdie navorsing steun op die teorie van planmatige gedrag (Ajzen, 1988; 1991, wat ’n verlenging is van die teorie van beredeneerde optrede (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980. Die oogmerk met die implimentering van ’n MIV/VIGS beleid en program is bepaal deur die teorie van planmagtige gedrag soos waargeneem in houding, subjektiewe norme en waargenome gedragskontrole. Die resultate toon dat die teorie van planmagtige gedrag

Virus-induced plasma membrane aquaporin PsPIP2;1 silencing inhibits plant water transport of Pisum sativum.

Science.gov (United States)

Song, Juanjuan; Ye, Guoliang; Qian, Zhengjiang; Ye, Qing

2016-12-01

Aquaporins (AQPs) are known to facilitate water transport across cell membranes, but the role of a single AQP in regulating plant water transport, particularly in plants other than Arabidopsis remains largely unexplored. In the present study, a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique was employed to suppress the expression of a specific plasma membrane aquaporin PsPIP2;1 of Pea plants (Pisum sativum), and subsequent effects of the gene suppression on root hydraulic conductivity (Lp r ), leaf hydraulic conductivity (K leaf ), root cell hydraulic conductivity (Lp rc ), and leaf cell hydraulic conductivity (Lp lc ) were investigated, using hydroponically grown Pea plants. Compared with control plants, VIGS-PsPIP2;1 plants displayed a significant suppression of PsPIP2;1 in both roots and leaves, while the expression of other four PIP isoforms (PsPIP1;1, PsPIP1;2, PsPIP2;2, and PsPIP2;3) that were simultaneously monitored were not altered. As a consequence, significant declines in water transport of VIGS-PsPIP2;1 plants were observed at both organ and cell levels, i.e., as compared to control plants, Lp r and K leaf were reduced by 29 %, and Lp rc and Lp lc were reduced by 20 and 29 %, respectively. Our results demonstrate that PsPIP2;1 alone contributes substantially to root and leaf water transport in Pea plants, and highlight VIGS a useful tool for investigating the role of a single AQP in regulating plant water transport.

Moderate, but not vigorous, intensity exercise training reduces C-reactive protein.

Science.gov (United States)

Fedewa, Michael V; Hathaway, Elizabeth D; Higgins, Simon; Forehand, Ronald L; Schmidt, Michael D; Evans, Ellen M

2018-06-01

Sprint interval cycle training is a contemporary popular mode of training but its relative efficacy, under conditions of matched energy expenditure, to reduce risk factors for cardiometabolic disease is incompletely characterised, especially in young women. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative efficacy of six weeks of moderate-intensity cycling (MOD-C) and vigorous sprint-interval cycling (VIG-SIC) on lipid profile, insulin (INS) and insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in inactive, overweight/obese (OW/OB) young women. Participants (BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 , waist circumference ≥88 cm) were randomly assigned to MOD-C (20-30 min at 60-70% of heart rate reserve(HRR)) or VIG-SIC (5-7 repeated bouts 30-second maximal effort sprints, followed by four minutes of active recovery) supervised training three days/week for six weeks, with each group matched on energy expenditure. Adiposity (%Fat) was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. Forty-four participants (20.4 ± 1.6 years, 65.9% Caucasian, 29.8 ± 4.1 kg/m 2 ) were included in the analysis. The improvement in CRP observed in the MOD-C group was larger than the VIG-C group (p = .034). Overall, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels improved following training (p  .05). These results indicate MOD-C training may be more effective in reducing CRP than VIG-SIC.

Estado Confusional Agudo nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos

OpenAIRE

Santos, L; Alcântara, J

1996-01-01

As alterações do comportamento frequentemente observadas em doentes internados nas unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI), podem ser adequadamente designadas, na maioria das vezes, por estado confusional agudo, o qual se caracteriza por: flutuação do estado de vigília, distúrbio do ciclo vigília-sono, défice de atenção e concentração, desorganização do pensamento, manifestado entre outras formas por discurso incoerente, distúrbios da percepção sob a forma de ilusões e/ou alucinações, desorient...

Development of Agrobacterium-mediated virus-induced gene silencing and performance evaluation of four marker genes in Gossypium barbadense.

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Jinhuan Pang

Full Text Available Gossypiumbarbadense is a cultivated cotton species and possesses many desirable traits, including high fiber quality and resistance to pathogens, especially Verticilliumdahliae (a devastating pathogen of Gossypium hirsutum, the main cultivated species. These elite traits are difficult to be introduced into G. hirsutum through classical breeding methods. In addition, genetic transformation of G. barbadense has not been successfully performed. It is therefore important to develop methods for evaluating the function and molecular mechanism of genes in G. barbadense. In this study, we had successfully introduced a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS system into three cultivars of G. barbadense by inserting marker genes into the tobacco rattle virus (TRV vector. After we optimized the VIGS conditions, including light intensity, photoperiod, seedling age and Agrobacterium strain, 100% of plants agroinfiltrated with the GaPDS silencing vector showed white colored leaves. Three other marker genes, GaCLA1, GaANS and GaANR, were employed to further test this VIGS system in G. barbadense. The transcript levels of the endogenous genes in the silenced plants were reduced by more than 99% compared to control plants; these plants presented phenotypic symptoms 2 weeks after inoculation. We introduced a fusing sequence fragment of GaPDS and GaANR gene silencing vectors into a single plant, which resulted in both photobleaching and brownish coloration. The extent of silencing in plants agroinfiltrated with fusing two-gene-silencing vector was consistent with plants harboring a single gene silencing vector. The development of this VIGS system should promote analysis of gene function in G. barbadense, and help to contribute desirable traits for breeding of G. barbadense and G. hirsutum.

Virus-induced down-regulation of GmERA1A and GmERA1B genes enhances the stomatal response to abscisic acid and drought resistance in soybean.

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Takuya Ogata

Full Text Available Drought is a major threat to global soybean production. The limited transformation potential and polyploid nature of soybean have hindered functional analysis of soybean genes. Previous research has implicated farnesylation in the plant's response to abscisic acid (ABA and drought tolerance. We therefore used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS to evaluate farnesyltransferase genes, GmERA1A and GmERA1B (Glycine max Enhanced Response to ABA1-A and -B, as potential targets for increasing drought resistance in soybean. Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV-mediated GmERA1-down-regulated soybean leaves displayed an enhanced stomatal response to ABA and reduced water loss and wilting under dehydration conditions, suggesting that GmERA1A and GmERA1B negatively regulate ABA signaling in soybean guard cells. The findings provide evidence that the ALSV-VIGS system, which bypasses the need to generate transgenic plants, is a useful tool for analyzing gene function using only a single down-regulated leaf. Thus, the ALSV-VIGS system could constitute part of a next-generation molecular breeding pipeline to accelerate drought resistance breeding in soybean.

Therapeutic Vaccines and Antibodies for Treatment of Orthopoxvirus Infections

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Stuart N. Isaacs

2010-10-01

Full Text Available Despite the eradication of smallpox several decades ago, variola and monkeypox viruses still have the potential to become significant threats to public health. The current licensed live vaccinia virus-based smallpox vaccine is extremely effective as a prophylactic vaccine to prevent orthopoxvirus infections, but because of safety issues, it is no longer given as a routine vaccine to the general population. In the event of serious human orthopoxvirus infections, it is important to have treatments available for individual patients as well as their close contacts. The smallpox vaccine and vaccinia immune globulin (VIG were used in the past as therapeutics for patients exposed to smallpox. VIG was also used in patients who were at high risk of developing complications from smallpox vaccination. Thus post-exposure vaccination and VIG treatments may again become important therapeutic modalities. This paper summarizes some of the historic use of the smallpox vaccine and immunoglobulins in the post-exposure setting in humans and reviews in detail the newer animal studies that address the use of therapeutic vaccines and immunoglobulins in orthopoxvirus infections as well as the development of new therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.

Identification of an attenuated barley stripe mosaic virus for the virus-induced gene silencing of pathogenesis-related wheat genes.

Science.gov (United States)

Buhrow, Leann M; Clark, Shawn M; Loewen, Michele C

2016-01-01

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) has become an emerging technology for the rapid, efficient functional genomic screening of monocot and dicot species. The barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) has been described as an effective VIGS vehicle for the evaluation of genes involved in wheat and barley phytopathogenesis; however, these studies have been obscured by BSMV-induced phenotypes and defense responses. The utility of BSMV VIGS may be improved using a BSMV genetic background which is more tolerable to the host plant especially upon secondary infection of highly aggressive, necrotrophic pathogens such as Fusarium graminearum. BSMV-induced VIGS in Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) cv. 'Fielder' was assessed for the study of wheat genes putatively related to Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), the necrotrophism of wheat and other cereals by F. graminearum. Due to the lack of 'Fielder' spike viability and increased accumulation of Fusarium-derived deoxynivalenol contamination upon co-infection of BSMV and FHB, an attenuated BSMV construct was generated by the addition of a glycine-rich, C-terminal peptide to the BSMV γ b protein. This attenuated BSMV effectively silenced target wheat genes while limiting disease severity, deoxynivalenol contamination, and yield loss upon Fusarium co-infection compared to the original BSMV construct. The attenuated BSMV-infected tissue exhibited reduced abscisic, jasmonic, and salicylic acid defense phytohormone accumulation upon secondary Fusarium infection. Finally, the attenuated BSMV was used to investigate the role of the salicylic acid-responsive pathogenesis-related 1 in response to FHB. The use of an attenuated BSMV may be advantageous in characterizing wheat genes involved in phytopathogenesis, including Fusarium necrotrophism, where minimal viral background effects on defense are required. Additionally, the attenuated BSMV elicits reduced defense hormone accumulation, suggesting that this genotype may have applications for the

Introduction : les archives religieuses à Madagascar… et ailleurs

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Sophie Blanchy

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Au cours d’une recherche précédente, consacrée aux pratiques religieuses à Madagascar, notre attention avait été attirée par d’exceptionnelles archives constituées au xixe siècle par Lars Vig, missionnaire ethnographe de l’église luthérienne norvégienne (ill. 1. C’est donc dans une démarche de retour du terrain aux archives qu’une partie de l’équipe s’est reconstituée pour s’inscrire dans le programme de l’aci « Le terrain ethnographique et son archivage ». Le pasteur L. Vig avait été en pos...

The experiences of AIDS orphans living in a township

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Dalena van Rooyen

2012-02-01

Opsomming ‘n Uitdaging wat professionele gesondheidswerkers huidiglik oorweldig, is dienslewering aan VIGS weeskinders. Die doel van die studie was om die geleefde ervaring van kinders wat in dorpsgebiede woon en VIGS weeskinders geword het, te verken en te beskryf ten einde hul leefwêreld te verstaan. Hierdie inligting kan deur Primêre Gesondheidsorg Verpleegkundiges (PVGs, verwante beroepslui en vennote betrokke by die versorging van hierdie kinders, gebruik word as basis om versorging te beplan wat in die kinders se unieke behoeftes sal voorsien. ‘n Kwalitatiewe navorsingsontwerp met verkennende, beskrywende, kontekstuele en fenomologiese strategieë van ondersoek, is gebruik. Data is versamel deur middel van in-diepte onderhoude met ‘n doelbewus geselekteerde steekproef. Data is geanaliseer ooreenkomstig die stappe van kwalitatiewe data analise volgens Tesch (in Creswell 1994. Guba se model was gebruik om die betroubaarheid van data te bepaal. Twee hooftemas en hul subtemas is geïdentifiseer. Die eerste tema was dat kinders dramatiese veranderinge in hulle lewensomstandighede ervaar wanneer hulle VIGS weeskinders word. Die tweede tema wat na vore gekom het, was hoe die deelnemers die hoop om voort te gaan met die lewe, herontdek het. Aanbevelings, gebaseer op die bevindinge, is gemaak wat verpleegpraktyk, onderrig en navorsing sal rig.

Smallpox vaccination and adverse reactions. Guidance for clinicians.

Science.gov (United States)

Cono, Joanne; Casey, Christine G; Bell, David M

2003-02-21

The guidance in this report is for evaluation and treatment of patients with complications from smallpox vaccination in the preoutbreak setting. Information is also included related to reporting adverse events and seeking specialized consultation and therapies for these events. The frequencies of smallpox vaccine-associated adverse events were identified in studies of the 1960s. Because of the unknown prevalence of risk factors among today's population, precise predictions of adverse reaction rates after smallpox vaccination are unavailable. The majority of adverse events are minor, but the less-frequent serious adverse reactions require immediate evaluation for diagnosis and treatment. Agents for treatment of certain vaccine-associated severe adverse reactions are vaccinia immune globulin (VIG), the first-line therapy, and cidofovir, the second-line therapy. These agents will be available under Investigational New Drug (IND) protocols from CDC and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Smallpox vaccination in the preoutbreak setting is contraindicated for persons who have the following conditions or have a close contact with the following conditions: 1) a history of atopic dermatitis (commonly referred to as eczema), irrespective of disease severity or activity; 2) active acute, chronic, or exfoliative skin conditions that disrupt the epidermis; 3) pregnant women or women who desire to become pregnant in the 28 days after vaccination; and 4) persons who are immunocompromised as a result of human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, autoimmune conditions, cancer, radiation treatment, immunosuppressive medications, or other immunodeficiencies. Additional contraindications that apply only to vaccination candidates but do not include their close contacts are persons with smallpox vaccine-component allergies, women who are breastfeeding, those taking topical ocular steroid medications, those with moderate-to-severe intercurrent illness, and

Prediction of vine vigor and precocity using data and knowledge-based fuzzy inference systems

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Cécile Coulon-Leroy

2012-09-01

Significance and impact of the study: This work answers the significant problem of VIG and PRE assessment according to environmental factors, which is a prerequisite in order to best adapt long-term cultural practices.

The experience of nursing students in caring for aids patients

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Marieta Naude

1997-12-01

In Suid-Afrika het 969 persone reeds tussen 1982 en 1991 aan VIGS gely (Epidemilogiese aantekeninge vol. 18, (11, November 1991. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Protein: MPA1 [TP Atlas

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available MPA1 TLR signaling molecules Rsad2 Vig1 Radical S-adenosyl methionine domain-containing pr...otein 2 Viperin, Virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated, interferon-inducible 10090 Mus musculus 58185 Q8CBB9 21435586 ...

New records on cyclomorphosis in the marine eutardigrade Halobiotus crispae (Eutardigrada: Hypsibiidae

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Reinhardt MØBJERG KRISTENSEN

2007-09-01

Full Text Available Halobiotus crispae is a marine eutardigrade belonging to Hypsibiidae. A characteristic of this species is the appearance of seasonal cyclic changes in morphology and physiology, i.e. cyclomorphosis. Halobiotus crispae was originally described from Nipisat Bay, Disko Island, Greenland. The present study investigates the distribution of this species and describes the seasonal appearance of cyclomorphic stages at the southernmost locality, Vellerup Vig in the Isefjord, Denmark. Our sampling data indicate that the distribution of H. crispae is restricted to the Northern Hemisphere where we now have found this species at seven localities. At Vellerup Vig data from sampling cover all seasons of the year and all of the originally described cyclomorphic stages have been found at this locality. However, when comparing the lifecycles of H. crispae at Nipisat Bay and Vellerup Vig, profound differences are found in the time of year, as well as the period in which these stages appear. Noticeably, at Nipisat Bay the pseudosimplex 1 stage is a hibernating stage occurring during the long Arctic winter. In contrast, at Vellerup Vig, this stage appears during the summer. Thus, while pseudosimplex 1 seems to be an adaptation to withstand low temperatures in Greenland, this stage possibly enables the animal to tolerate periods of oxygen depletion and heat stress during the Danish summer. Moreover, a characteristic of the Danish population is the presence of a prolonged pseudosimplex 2 stage. The environmental or endogenous signals underlying the transition between different stages remain unknown. In addition, we report the genetic diversity and phylogenetic position of H. crispae based on the first molecular data obtained from this species. Our molecular data confirm that H. crispae from Greenland and Denmark are in fact the same species. Thus, the observed life cycle changes occur within a species and do not represent life cycle variation between different species

Apple latent spherical virus vectors for reliable and effective virus-induced gene silencing among a broad range of plants including tobacco, tomato, Arabidopsis thaliana, cucurbits, and legumes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Igarashi, Aki; Yamagata, Kousuke; Sugai, Tomokazu; Takahashi, Yukari; Sugawara, Emiko; Tamura, Akihiro; Yaegashi, Hajime; Yamagishi, Noriko; Takahashi, Tsubasa; Isogai, Masamichi; Takahashi, Hideki; Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki

2009-01-01

Apple latent spherical virus (ALSV) vectors were evaluated for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of endogenous genes among a broad range of plant species. ALSV vectors carrying partial sequences of a subunit of magnesium chelatase (SU) and phytoene desaturase (PDS) genes induced highly uniform knockout phenotypes typical of SU and PDS inhibition on model plants such as tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana, and economically important crops such as tomato, legume, and cucurbit species. The silencing phenotypes persisted throughout plant growth in these plants. In addition, ALSV vectors could be successfully used to silence a meristem gene, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and disease resistant N gene in tobacco and RCY1 gene in A. thaliana. As ALSV infects most host plants symptomlessly and effectively induces stable VIGS for long periods, the ALSV vector is a valuable tool to determine the functions of interested genes among a broad range of plant species.

Inhibition of TNF-α production in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytic cells by the crude extracts of seven Bhutanese medicinal plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Wangchuk, Phurpa; Keller, Paul A; Pyne, Stephen G; Taweechotipatr, Malai

2013-07-30

Seven studied medicinal plants; Aconitum laciniatum, Ajania nubigena, Codonopsis bhutanica, Corydalis crispa, Corydalis dubia, Meconopsis simplicifolia and Pleurospermum amabile, are currently used in the Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (BTM) for the management of different types of disorders including the diseases that bore relevance to various inflammatory conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of TNF-α production in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytic cells by the crude extracts of seven selected Bhutanese medicinal plants. It is expected to; (a) generate a scientific basis for their use in the BTM and (b) form a basis for prioritization of the seven plants for further phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies. Seven plants were selected using an ethno-directed bio-rational approach and their crude extracts were prepared using four different solvents (methanol, hexane, dichloromethane and chloroform). The TNF-α inhibitory activity of these extracts was determined by cytokine-specific sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The results were quantified statistically and the statistical significance were evaluated by GraphPad Prism version 5.01 using Student's t-test with one-tailed distribution. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Of the seven plants studied, the crude extracts of six of them inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytic cells. Amongst the six plants, Corydalis crispa gave the best inhibitory activity followed by Pleurospermum amabile, Ajania nubigena, Corydalis dubia, Meconopsis simplicifolia and Codonopsis bhutanica. Of the 13 extracts that exhibited statistically significant TNF-α inhibitory activity (p<0.05; p<0.01), five of them showed very strong inhibition when compared to the DMSO control and RPMI media. Six medicinal plants studied here showed promising TNF-α inhibitory activity. These findings rationalize the traditional

Silencing of a Germin-Like Gene in Nicotiana attenuata Improves Performance of Native Herbivores1[W

Science.gov (United States)

Lou, Yonggen; Baldwin, Ian T.

2006-01-01

Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) are known to function in pathogen resistance, but their involvement in defense against insect herbivores is poorly understood. In the native tobacco Nicotiana attenuata, attack from the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta or elicitation by adding larval oral secretions (OS) to wounds up-regulates transcripts of a GLP. To understand the function of this gene, which occurs as a single copy, we cloned the full-length NaGLP and silenced its expression in N. attenuata by expressing a 250-bp fragment in an antisense orientation with an Agrobacterium-based transformation system and by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Homozygous lines harboring a single insert and VIGS plants had significantly reduced constitutive (measured in roots) and elicited NaGLP transcript levels (in leaves). Silencing NaGLP improved M. sexta larval performance and Tupiocoris notatus preference, two native herbivores of N. attenuata. Silencing NaGLP also attenuated the OS-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), diterpene glycosides, and trypsin proteinase inhibitor responses, which may explain the observed susceptibility of antisense or VIGS plants to herbivore attack and increased nicotine contents, but did not influence the OS-elicited jasmonate and salicylate bursts, or the release of the volatile organic compounds (limonene, cis-α-bergamotene, and germacrene-A) that function as an indirect defense. This suggests that NaGLP is involved in H2O2 production and might also be related to ethylene production and/or perception, which in turn influences the defense responses of N. attenuata via H2O2 and ethylene-signaling pathways. PMID:16461381

Discovery of Sound in the Sea 2015 Annual Report

Science.gov (United States)

2015-09-30

Harvard University Medical School, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), and Arthur N. Popper (University of Maryland). MAI and GSO make all...on Aquatic Life (Arthur N. Popper and Anthony Hawkins, eds.). Springer, New York. Vigness-Raposa, K.J., Scowcroft, G., Knowlton, C., and Worcester

African Journal of AIDS Research - Vol 15, No 1 (2016)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Involving parents from the start: formative evaluation for a large randomised controlled trial with Botswana Junior Secondary School students · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. Jessica Vig, Kim S. Miller, Catherine Chirwa-Motswere, Kate Winskell, Elizabeth Stallcup.

Effects of vigabatrin, carbamazepine or its combination on the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Objectives: Epilepsy is the most common non-infectious neurologic disease in developing African countries following stroke and Alzheimer's disease. ... of VIG and CBZ resulted into pituitary-gonadal axis hormonal deregulation and alterations in the sperm profile which were however reversible upon cessation of treatment.

Rites thérapeutiques : réflexion sur le terrain et les archives

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Chantal Radimilahy

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Rites thérapeutiques : réflexion sur le terrain et les archives. En comparant la façon dont l’écrit sert à noter et à fixer des pratiques de guérissage, d’une part dans les archives de L. Vig et d’autre part dans les carnets d’un guérisseur malgache contemporain, l’auteur esquisse une réflexion sur la stabilité apparente des formes du langage et des pratiques rituelles dans un contexte social transformé.Therapeutic rituals: consideration on fieldwork and archives. By comparing the way in which writing is used to record and establish traditional healing practices, on the one hand in the archives of L. Vig and on the other, in the notes of a contemporary Madagascan traditional healer, the author outlines her reflections on the apparent stability of language forms and ritual practices in a transformed social context.

Health Management for Seeds and Other Organic Propagation Material

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Koch, E.; Groot, S.P.C.

2015-01-01

Propagation material is an integral part of the crop produc­ tion chain. The genetic constitution of the cultivar should guar­ atee optimal adaptation to the growing conditions and a good yield with the desired quality characteristics. Healthy and vig­ orous seeds, seed tubers, or transplants are

Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) based silencing of cotton enoyl-CoA reductase (ECR) gene and the role of very long chain fatty acids in normal leaf development and resistance to wilt disease

Science.gov (United States)

A Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) assay was employed as a reverse genetic approach to study gene function in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). This approach was used to investigate the function of Enoyl-CoA reductase (GhECR) in pathogen defense. Amino acid sequence al...

Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. G. Maheswar. Articles written in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. Volume 37 Issue 4 December 2016 pp 38 Review. Interstellar Medium and Star Formation Studies with the Square Kilometre Array · P. Manoj S. Vig G. Maheswar U. S. Kamath A. Tej.

Solanum venturii, a suitable model system for virus-induced gene silencing studies in potato reveals StMKK6 as an important player in plant immunity

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dobnik, David; Lazar, Ana; Stare, Tjaša; Gruden, Kristina; Vleeshouwers, Vivianne G.A.A.; Žel, Jana

2016-01-01

Background: Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an optimal tool for functional analysis of genes in plants, as the viral vector spreads throughout the plant and causes reduced expression of selected gene over the whole plant. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important food crops,

Suppression of PCD-related genes affects salt tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Science.gov (United States)

Bahieldin, Ahmed; Alqarni, Dhafer A M; Atef, Ahmed; Gadalla, Nour O; Al-matary, Mohammed; Edris, Sherif; Al-Kordy, Magdy A; Makki, Rania M; Al-Doss, Abdullah A; Sabir, Jamal S M; Mutwakil, Mohammed H Z; El-Domyati, Fotouh M

2016-01-01

This work aims at examining a natural exciting phenomenon suggesting that suppression of genes inducing programmed cell death (PCD) might confer tolerance against abiotic stresses in plants. PCD-related genes were induced in tobacco under oxalic acid (OA) treatment (20 mM), and plant cells were characterized to confirm the incidence of PCD. The results indicated that PCD was triggered 24 h after the exposure to OA. Then, RNAs were extracted from tobacco cells 0, 2, 6, 12 and 24 h after treatment for deep sequencing. RNA-Seq analyses were done with a special emphasis to clusters whose PCD-related genes were upregulated after 2 h of OA exposure. Accordingly, 23 tobacco PCD-related genes were knocked down via virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), whereas our results indicated the influence of five of them on inducing or suppressing PCD. Knockout T-DNA insertion mutants of these five genes in Arabidopsis were tested under salt stress (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl), and the results indicated that a mutant of an antiapoptotic gene, namely Bax Inhibitor-1 (BI-1), whose VIGS induced PCD in tobacco, was salt sensitive, while a mutant of an apoptotic gene, namely mildew resistance locus O (Mlo), whose VIGS suppressed PCD, was salt tolerant as compared to the WT (Col) control. These data support our hypothesis that retarding PCD-inducing genes can result in higher levels of salt tolerance, while retarding PCD-suppressing genes can result in lower levels of salt tolerance in plants. Copyright © 2016 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Virus-induced gene silencing of the two squalene synthase isoforms of apple tree (Malus × domestica L.) negatively impacts phytosterol biosynthesis, plastid pigmentation and leaf growth.

Science.gov (United States)

Navarro Gallón, Sandra M; Elejalde-Palmett, Carolina; Daudu, Dimitri; Liesecke, Franziska; Jullien, Frédéric; Papon, Nicolas; Dugé de Bernonville, Thomas; Courdavault, Vincent; Lanoue, Arnaud; Oudin, Audrey; Glévarec, Gaëlle; Pichon, Olivier; Clastre, Marc; St-Pierre, Benoit; Atehortùa, Lucia; Yoshikawa, Nobuyuki; Giglioli-Guivarc'h, Nathalie; Besseau, Sébastien

2017-07-01

The use of a VIGS approach to silence the newly characterized apple tree SQS isoforms points out the biological function of phytosterols in plastid pigmentation and leaf development. Triterpenoids are beneficial health compounds highly accumulated in apple; however, their metabolic regulation is poorly understood. Squalene synthase (SQS) is a key branch point enzyme involved in both phytosterol and triterpene biosynthesis. In this study, two SQS isoforms were identified in apple tree genome. Both isoforms are located at the endoplasmic reticulum surface and were demonstrated to be functional SQS enzymes using an in vitro activity assay. MdSQS1 and MdSQS2 display specificities in their expression profiles with respect to plant organs and environmental constraints. This indicates a possible preferential involvement of each isoform in phytosterol and/or triterpene metabolic pathways as further argued using RNAseq meta-transcriptomic analyses. Finally, a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to silence MdSQS1 and MdSQS2. The concomitant down-regulation of both MdSQS isoforms strongly affected phytosterol synthesis without alteration in triterpene accumulation, since triterpene-specific oxidosqualene synthases were found to be up-regulated to compensate metabolic flux reduction. Phytosterol deficiencies in silenced plants clearly disturbed chloroplast pigmentation and led to abnormal development impacting leaf division rather than elongation or differentiation. In conclusion, beyond the characterization of two SQS isoforms in apple tree, this work brings clues for a specific involvement of each isoform in phytosterol and triterpene pathways and emphasizes the biological function of phytosterols in development and chloroplast integrity. Our report also opens the door to metabolism studies in Malus domestica using the apple latent spherical virus-based VIGS method.

Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Home; Journals; Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. U. S. Kamath. Articles written in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy. Volume 37 Issue 4 December 2016 pp 38 Review. Interstellar Medium and Star Formation Studies with the Square Kilometre Array · P. Manoj S. Vig G. Maheswar U. S. Kamath A. Tej.

Virus-induced gene silencing in diverse maize lines using the Brome Mosaic virus-based silencing vector

Science.gov (United States)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a widely used tool for gene function studies in many plant species, though its use in monocots has been limited. Using a Brome mosaic virus (BMV) vector designed to silence the maize phytoene desaturase gene, a genetically diverse set of maize inbred lines was ...

VIGS in afrika, met spesiale verwysing na Suid-Afrika

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A. T. Viljoen

1990-03-01

Full Text Available It is generally accepted that Africa is the continent that is most seriously affected by the AIDS epidemic. As a result of under-reporting, the actual incidence of AIDS may be more than ten times higher than indicated by the official figures. The majority of females of child-bearing age can be infected within the next 4-6 years. Infant mortality is expected to increase dramatically. Up to 50% of babies born to HIV-infected mothers are also infected. Most of these babies will develop an AIDS-related illness and die at a very young age. Twelve factors have been identified which place the black population of South-Africa among the highest risk groups in the world. No vaccine or cure is available at this stage. Education of the general population, with the aim to bring about a change in sexual practices, is the only way to prevent a demographic catastrophe in this country.

VIGS � di� keer deur �n Sendingkundige bril

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P. G. J. Meiring

1989-08-01

Full Text Available AIDS � from a missiological angle As concern for the rising pandemic, AIDS, continues to grow across the globe, so does the body of books, articles, and conference resolutions devoted to the subject. Theologians, too, had no option but to take serious note of �the black death� of modem times. Since 1981, when the disease was first identified and named, numerous documents in the field of missions and missiology have been published, looking at the dangers and challenges of the AIDS era, from their own peculiar vantage point.

Dilemas e conflitos de ser mãe na vigência do HIV/Aids Dilemas y conflictos de ser madre en casos de VIH/Sida Dilemmas and conflitcs of being a mother with HIV/Aids

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Marli Teresinha Gimeniz Galvão

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se apreender os dilemas e conflitos revelados por mulheres que engravidaram na vigência da infecção pelo HIV/Aids. Estudo qualitativo com oito mulheres atendidas em ambulatório em Fortaleza-CE. Mediante entrevistas observou-se que as mulheres gestam com expectativa do resultado da sorologia do concepto; depois de nascidos vivenciam incertezas e mantêm superproteção da criança. Relatam maneiras inadequadas da comunicação do diagnóstico e pouca orientação para gestar em face do HIV. As mulheres transformam o desejo de ser mãe em realidade. Para elas, lidar com uma criança com possibilidade de contrair infecção pelo HIV é algo além de sua capacidade. Conclui-se ser essencial oferecer suporte emocional e social para essas mulheres independente das fases da vida.La finalidad fue aprehender los dilemas y conflictos revelados por mujeres infectadas por el VIH/Sida que quedaron embarazadas. Estudio cualitativo con ocho mujeres atendidas en ambulatorio en Fortaleza-CE. Mediante entrevistas fue observado que las mujeres gestan con expectativa del resultado de la serología del concepto; después de nacidos viven incertidumbres y mantienen protección exagerada del niño. Relatan maneras inadecuadas de comunicar el diagnóstico y poca orientación para gestar ante el VIH. Las mujeres transforman el deseo de ser madre en realidad. Para ellas, lidiar con un niño con posibilidad de contraer infección por el VIH es algo más allá de su capacidad. Se concluye que es esencial ofrecer soporte emocional y social para esas mujeres independientemente de las fases de la vida.This study aimed to apprehend the dilemmas and conflicts revealed by women infected with HIV/Aids who got pregnant. This qualitative study involved eight women attended at an outpatient clinic in Fortaleza-CE. Through interviews, it was observed that the women go through their pregnancy with expectations about their child's serological status; after birth, they

Acute effect of exercise intensity and duration on acylated ghrelin and hunger in men.

Science.gov (United States)

Broom, David R; Miyashita, Masashi; Wasse, Lucy K; Pulsford, Richard; King, James A; Thackray, Alice E; Stensel, David J

2017-03-01

Acute exercise transiently suppresses the orexigenic gut hormone acylated ghrelin, but the extent to which exercise intensity and duration determine this response is not fully understood. The effects of manipulating exercise intensity and duration on acylated ghrelin concentrations and hunger were examined in two experiments. In experiment one, nine healthy males completed three, 4-h conditions (control, moderate-intensity running (MOD) and vigorous-intensity running (VIG)), with an energy expenditure of ~2.5 MJ induced in both MOD (55-min running at 52% peak oxygen uptake (V.O 2peak )) and VIG (36-min running at 75% V.O 2peak ). In experiment two, nine healthy males completed three, 9-h conditions (control, 45-min running (EX45) and 90-min running (EX90)). Exercise was performed at 70% V.O 2peak In both experiments, participants consumed standardised meals, and acylated ghrelin concentrations and hunger were quantified at predetermined intervals. In experiment one, delta acylated ghrelin concentrations were lower than control in MOD (ES = 0.44, P = 0.01) and VIG (ES = 0.98, P Hunger ratings were similar across the conditions (P = 0.35). In experiment two, delta acylated ghrelin concentrations were lower than control in EX45 (ES = 0.77, P Hunger ratings were lower than control in EX45 (ES = 0.20, P = 0.01) and EX90 (ES = 0.27, P = 0.001); EX45 and EX90 were similar (ES = 0.07, P = 0.34). Hunger and delta acylated ghrelin concentrations remained suppressed at 1.5 h in EX90 but not EX45. In conclusion, exercise intensity, and to a lesser extent duration, are determinants of the acylated ghrelin response to acute exercise. © 2017 Society for Endocrinology.

PacCYP707A2 negatively regulates cherry fruit ripening while PacCYP707A1 mediates drought tolerance.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Qian; Chen, Pei; Dai, Shengjie; Sun, Yufei; Yuan, Bing; Kai, Wenbin; Pei, Yuelin; He, Suihuan; Liang, Bin; Zhang, Yushu; Leng, Ping

2015-07-01

Sweet cherry is a non-climacteric fruit and its ripening is regulated by abscisic acid (ABA) during fruit development. In this study, four cDNAs (PacCYP707A1-4) encoding 8'-hydroxylase, a key enzyme in the oxidative catabolism of ABA, were identified in sweet cherry fruits using tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and particle bombardment approaches. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed significant down-regulation of target gene transcripts in VIGS-treated cherry fruits. In PacCYP707A2-RNAi-treated fruits, ripening and fruit colouring were promoted relative to control fruits, and both ABA accumulation and PacNCED1 transcript levels were up-regulated by 140%. Silencing of PacCYP707A2 by VIGS significantly altered the transcripts of both ABA-responsive and ripening-related genes, including the ABA metabolism-associated genes NCED and CYP707A, the anthocyanin synthesis genes PacCHS, PacCHI, PacF3H, PacDFR, PacANS, and PacUFGT, the ethylene biosynthesis gene PacACO1, and the transcription factor PacMYBA. The promoter of PacMYBA responded more strongly to PacCYP707A2-RNAi-treated fruits than to PacCYP707A1-RNAi-treated fruits. By contrast, silencing of PacCYP707A1 stimulated a slight increase in fruit colouring and enhanced resistance to dehydration stress compared with control fruits. These results suggest that PacCYP707A2 is a key regulator of ABA catabolism that functions as a negative regulator of fruit ripening, while PacCYP707A1 regulates ABA content in response to dehydration during fruit development. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

32 APPRAISAL OF TAUNGYA FARMING AS A SUSTAINABLE ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

term effect of taungya practice on soil fertility will however depend on the management both agricultural crops and forest trees. The broad objective of this study is to assess the practice of taungya farming as a sustainable land-use option in Vandeikya Local. Government (VIG). The specific objectives are to: (i) Determine the ...

Down-Regulation of Gene Expression by RNA-Induced Gene Silencing

Science.gov (United States)

Travella, Silvia; Keller, Beat

Down-regulation of endogenous genes via post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) is a key to the characterization of gene function in plants. Many RNA-based silencing mechanisms such as post-transcriptional gene silencing, co-suppression, quelling, and RNA interference (RNAi) have been discovered among species of different kingdoms (plants, fungi, and animals). One of the most interesting discoveries was RNAi, a sequence-specific gene-silencing mechanism initiated by the introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), homologous in sequence to the silenced gene, which triggers degradation of mRNA. Infection of plants with modified viruses can also induce RNA silencing and is referred to as virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). In contrast to insertional mutagenesis, these emerging new reverse genetic approaches represent a powerful tool for exploring gene function and for manipulating gene expression experimentally in cereal species such as barley and wheat. We examined how RNAi and VIGS have been used to assess gene function in barley and wheat, including molecular mechanisms involved in the process and available methodological elements, such as vectors, inoculation procedures, and analysis of silenced phenotypes.

Desenvolvimento das gônadas de Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: Cuterebridae

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Edy de Lello

1985-06-01

Full Text Available O trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento das gônadas do berne (D. hominis durante o período pupal. As pupas desenvolvidas de larvas com peso superior a 650 mg, deram imagos fêmeas, enquanto que as desenvolvidas daquelas pesando entre 500 e 650 mg deram macho, tendo havido um erro ao redor de 5%. Até o oitavo dia de pupação os testículos crescem mais que os ovários; a partir daí diminui o desenvolvimento, parando de crescer entre o vigésimo e vigésimo quinto dias. A espermatogênese inicia por volta do sétimo dia de pupa quando é grande o número de espermatócitos. No décimo dia alguns testículos apresentam considerável número de espermátides e os espermatozóides começam a aparecer por volta do vigésimo dia. A espermiogênese desenvolve-se sem interrupção e ao final da pupação quase toda loja testicular está repleta de espermatózóides. Os machos começam a nascer dois dias antes das fêmeas. Nessas, os ovaríolos aparecem formados por volta do oitavo dia de pupa; os folículos se individualizam por volta do vigésimo dia de pupa onde se distingue os trofócitos com núcleos politênicos e citoplasmas bem basófilos, enquanto o ovócito tem citoplasma mais acidófilo e núcleo com cromatina bastante frouxa. A vitelogênese tem início ao redor do vigésimo quinto dia de pupa e se completa ao nascimento da imago. A ligação das gônadas com suas respectivas estruturas somáticas acontece ao redor do décimo terceiro dia de pupação.Gonadal development of Dermatobia hominis during pupal period is described. Pupae developing from larvae weighing above 650 mg turned into female flies whereas the ones from larvae weighing between 500 and 600 mg turned into males (with plus of minus 5% of error. Up to the 8th day of pupation the testes are larger than the ovaries; from that time on they decrease their speed of development and stop growing between the 20th and 25th day. The spermatogenesis starts around the 7th day when there

Supplement to the Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Frequency Control (42nd) Held in Baltimore, Maryland on 1-3 June 1988. Subject and Author Index for the Proceedings for the 10th to 42nd Symposia on Frequency Control and Symposium Historical Information, 1946-1988

Science.gov (United States)

1988-01-01

Supplement to the Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Symposium on Frequency Control 1988 Subject and Author Index for the Proceedings of the 10th to 42nd...nsducers . ............................... 71 14/ Other Topics ............................................. 727V" Author / Index ....................................................... 740...John R. Vig, US Army Electronics Technology and Devices Laboratory (LABCOM) This index consists of a subject index and an author index . Each paper

Les statuts sociaux dans les Hautes Terres malgaches à la lumière des archives missionnaires norvégiennes

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Lolona Nathalie Razafindralambo

2008-08-01

Full Text Available Les statuts sociaux sur les Hautes Terres malgaches à la lumière des archives de Vig. Les statuts sociaux semblent avoir figuré parmi les thèmes de recherche et de réflexion des missionnaires norvégiens du xixe siècle, avec la religion et l’histoire des différents royaumes du Betsileo (Sud des Hautes Terres de Madagascar, auxquels ils sont liés. Les textes portent notamment sur les groupes princiers qui détiennent le pouvoir et, à l’autre extrémité de l’échelle sociale, les groupes d’andevo (« esclaves ».Social status in Madagascar’s Highlands in light of the Vig Archives. Social status seems to have figured among the themes for research and reflection by the Norwegian missionaries of the 19th century, together with the religion and history of the different kingdoms of Betsileo (in Madagascar’s Southern Highlands to which they are linked. The texts mainly concern the princely groups who were in power, and, at the other end of the social scale, the groups of andevo (slaves.

Verslaggewing oor volhoubaarheid in die mynbousektor: die identifisering van kritieke aan geleenthede

OpenAIRE

Viviers, S; Boudler, J-M

2010-01-01

Hierdie studie ondersoek tendense in die volhoubaarheidsverslaggewing deur vyf prominente mynmaatskappye wat op die JSE genoteer is. Die 2005-, 2006-, 2007- en 2008- jaar- en volhoubaarheidsverslae van hierdie maatskappye is ontleed deur middel van inhoudsanalise. Sleutelwoorde wat verband hou met ekonomiese bemagtiging, MIV/VIGS, ander gesondheid- en veiligheidsaangeleenthede en omgewingsimpak sowel as opleiding en onderwys, is getel. Hierdie aangeleenthede is ook gekategoriseer in terme van...

Estudo da capacidade de manter o alerta em pacientes com fibromialgia por meio do teste da manutenção da vigília Degree of daytime sleepiness in patients with fibromyalgia through the awakefulness maintenance test

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Djalma Gomes Ribeiro Sobrinho

2008-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar, de forma objetiva, a capacidade de manter o alerta em pacientes com fibromialgia por meio do teste da manutenção da vigília (TMV. MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo caso-controle de 15 pacientes com diagnóstico de fibromialgia com pelo menos 11 de 18 pontos dolorosos e dor difusa nos últimos três meses. O grupo-controle foi constituído de 15 indivíduos hígidos pareados por idade e sexo, selecionados seqüencialmente. Os participantes responderam à escala de sonolência de Epworth e foram submetidos ao TMV. Foram realizadas quatro captações, cada uma com duração mínima de 20 minutos e com intervalo de duas horas. Considerou-se como normal a latência para o início do sono maior do que 20 minutos, e patológica a latência menor que 11 minutos. RESULTADOS: O grupo com fibromialgia apresentou significante redução da latência para o início do sono no TMV, comparado ao grupo-controle 9,9 ± 4,6 e 14,9 ± 5,1, respectivamente, p = 0,01, sendo que em 66,7% dos casos o resultado foi patológico, em comparação com 26,7% no grupo-controle (p = 0,03. Não se observou correlação entre o resultado do TMV e a idade dos pacientes ou a pontuação na escala de sonolência de Epworth. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo-piloto, pacientes com fibromialgia apresentam redução da latência do sono no TMV.OBJECTIVE: To assess in an objective way the degree of alertness in patients with fibromyalgia through the Maintenance Wakefulness Test ( MWT. METHOD: Fifteen patients with fibromyalgia and 15 age and sex- matched healthy controls were sequentially selected. The inclusion criteria for fibromyalgia were the presence of at least 11 of the 18 tender points and diffuse pain during three months prior to evaluation. All participants answered the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS and underwent four 20 minutes sessions of MWT scheduled at 2-hour intervals. Mean sleep latency higher than 20 minutes or lower than 10 minutes was considered normal or

A New Approach for Identifying Ionospheric Gradients in the Context of the Gagan System

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Kudala, Ravi Chandra

The Indian Space Research Organization and the Airports Authority of India are jointly implementing the Global Positioning System (GPS) aided GEO Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system in order to meet the following required navigation performance (RNP) parameters: integrity, continuity, accuracy, and availability (for aircraft operations). Such a system provides the user with orbit, clock, and ionospheric corrections in addition to ranging signals via the geostationary earth orbit satellite (GEOSAT). The equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), due to rapid non-uniform electron-ion recombination that persists on the Indian subcontinent, causes ionospheric gradients. Ionospheric gradients represent the most severe threat to high-integrity differential GNSS systems such as GAGAN. In order to ensure integrity under conditions of an ionospheric storm, the following three objectives must be met: careful monitoring, error bounding, and sophisticated storm-front modeling. The first objective is met by continuously tracking data due to storms, and, on quiet days, determining precise estimates of the threat parameters from reference monitoring stations. The second objective is met by quantifying the above estimates of threat parameters due to storms through maximum and minimum typical thresholds. In the context GAGAN, this work proposes a new method for identifying ionospheric gradients, in addition to determining an appropriate upper bound, in order to sufficiently understand error during storm days. Initially, carrier phase data of the GAGAN network from Indian TEC stations for both storm and quiet days was used for estimating ionospheric spatial and temporal gradients (the vertical ionospheric gradient (σVIG) and the rate of the TEC index (ROTI), respectively) in multiple viewing directions. Along similar lines, using the carrier to noise ratio (C/N0) for the same data, the carrier to noise ratio index (σCNRI) was derived. Subsequently, the one-toone relationship between σVIG

Systemic virus-induced gene silencing allows functional characterization of maize genes during biotrophic interaction with Ustilago maydis.

Science.gov (United States)

van der Linde, Karina; Kastner, Christine; Kumlehn, Jochen; Kahmann, Regine; Doehlemann, Gunther

2011-01-01

Infection of maize (Zea mays) plants with the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis leads to the formation of large tumors on the stem, leaves and inflorescences. In this biotrophic interaction, plant defense responses are actively suppressed by the pathogen, and previous transcriptome analyses of infected maize plants showed massive and stage-specific changes in host gene expression during disease progression. To identify maize genes that are functionally involved in the interaction with U. maydis, we adapted a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system based on the brome mosaic virus (BMV) for maize. Conditions were established that allowed successful U. maydis infection of BMV-preinfected maize plants. This set-up enabled quantification of VIGS and its impact on U. maydis infection using a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR)-based readout. In proof-of-principle experiments, an U. maydis-induced terpene synthase was shown to negatively regulate disease development while a protein involved in cell death inhibition was required for full virulence of U. maydis. The results suggest that this system is a versatile tool for the rapid identification of maize genes that determine compatibility with U. maydis. © (2010) Max Planck Society. Journal compilation © New Phytologist Trust (2010).

Investigating Gene Function in Cereal Rust Fungi by Plant-Mediated Virus-Induced Gene Silencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Panwar, Vinay; Bakkeren, Guus

2017-01-01

Cereal rust fungi are destructive pathogens, threatening grain production worldwide. Targeted breeding for resistance utilizing host resistance genes has been effective. However, breakdown of resistance occurs frequently and continued efforts are needed to understand how these fungi overcome resistance and to expand the range of available resistance genes. Whole genome sequencing, transcriptomic and proteomic studies followed by genome-wide computational and comparative analyses have identified large repertoire of genes in rust fungi among which are candidates predicted to code for pathogenicity and virulence factors. Some of these genes represent defence triggering avirulence effectors. However, functions of most genes still needs to be assessed to understand the biology of these obligate biotrophic pathogens. Since genetic manipulations such as gene deletion and genetic transformation are not yet feasible in rust fungi, performing functional gene studies is challenging. Recently, Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) has emerged as a useful tool to characterize gene function in rust fungi while infecting and growing in host plants. We utilized Barley stripe mosaic virus-mediated virus induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) to induce HIGS of candidate rust fungal genes in the wheat host to determine their role in plant-fungal interactions. Here, we describe the methods for using BSMV-VIGS in wheat for functional genomics study in cereal rust fungi.

VIGS en die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomiese en bestuurswêreld - Enkele perspektiewe

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P. C. Schutte

1990-03-01

Full Text Available There is no doubt anymore that AIDS as a disease has the potential to become a very serious issue in the South African social, political, demographic and economic environment. AIDS will have macro-economic as well as micro-business implications. At macro-level (without the influence of AIDS decision-makers already anticipate and plan for a • shortage in housing for blacks; • shortage in employment opportunities; • high level of unemployment; • uncontrollable urbanisation; and a • lack of educational infrastructure. Burning issues for decision-makers and managers will be • who will be the worker tomorrow? • who will be the manager? • will there be sufficient manpower resources? • what would a training strate& took like ? • in what ways will production and productivity be managed? • in what ways will sound labour relations be created and maintained? Although a great many decision-makers and managers still have a sceptical view and perception regarding AIDS, it is certain that it will affect the entire spectrum of life. Managers should proactively plan for the implications of AIDS on business, and if projections do not realise as darkly, it could be seen and accepted as a "bonus"

VI-G, Sec. 661, P.L. 91-230. Final Performance Report.

Science.gov (United States)

1976

Presented is the final performance report of the CSDC model which is designed to provide services for learning disabled high school students. Sections cover the following program aspects: organizational structure, inservice sessions, identification of students, materials and equipment, evaluation of student performance, evaluation of the model,…

Waardegedrewe gemeenskaps-kommunikasie – die sosiale entstof teen MIV en VIGS?

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P.J. Schutte

2005-07-01

Full Text Available Value-driven community-based communication – the social vacine against HIV and AIDS? Recent statistics show the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in South Africa is still not decreasing, despite numerous intervention programmes and the formation of AIDS councils. In the medium to long term HIV/AIDS prevention could be more successful if there were to be a stronger paradigm shift towards more horizontal communication at the community level as opposed to the current mainly government-driven top-down approach which communicates solutions primarily through the national media. An interpersonal and interactive community approach, based on dialogue, is therefore urgently needed. Above all, this community focus should be based on clear values to ensure sustainability. Faith-based organisations should play a far greater role in AIDS campaigns in which the normative dimension is spelled out explicitly.

VIGS en die Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomiese en bestuurswêreld - Enkele perspektiewe

OpenAIRE

P. C. Schutte

1990-01-01

There is no doubt anymore that AIDS as a disease has the potential to become a very serious issue in the South African social, political, demographic and economic environment. AIDS will have macro-economic as well as micro-business implications. At macro-level (without the influence of AIDS) decision-makers already anticipate and plan for a • shortage in housing for blacks; • shortage in employment opportunities; • high level of unemployment; • uncontrollable urbanisation; and a • lack of ...

Discovery of Sound in the Sea 2013 Annual Report

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-30

develop and maintain resources that address the long-term goal. The resources include a website (Figure 1), a tri-fold educational pamphlet (available in...on whale watches during the winter months. The DOSITS tri-fold brochure was translated to French for distribution at the 21st International...University of Rhode Island. (tri-fold pamphlet ) Vigness-Raposa, K.J., Scowcroft, G., Miller, J.H., and Ketten, D.R. 2012. Discovery of Sound in

Attention Functions in Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke: An Exploration of the Predictors of Daily Living Difficulties and the Correlates of the CogniPlus Vigilance Training Programme

OpenAIRE

Shehab, Al Amira Safa

2012-01-01

Attention deficits are common in traumatic brain injury and stroke. These difficulties can impact the individual’s everyday life, affecting activities of daily living such as running errands, increasing cognitive errors such as failing to notice signs, and minimising community integration. They also call for specific training to improve these functions. We investigated the relationship between attention functions and these daily living aspects, as well as the correlates of the CogniPlus VIG t...

Caring for terminal AIDS patients: The experiences of caregivers in a palliative care institution

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Magdalena (Dalena van Rooyen

2009-06-01

were developed in order to provide support for such caregivers. Opsomming Die fokus van hierdie navorsing was op die beleefde ervaringe van die versorgers wat met VIGS pasiënte werk, veral pasiënte wat sterf aan die siekte terwyl hulle in 'n formele inrigting is. 'n Kwalitatiewe, eksploratiewe, beskrywende en kontektuele navorsingsontwerp met 'n fenomenologiese benadering was gebruik. Dertien ongestruktueërde onderhoude, wat op 'n audioband opgeneem was is gehou met versorgers wat voltyds in 'n formele inrigting sorg vir pasiënte wat aan VIGS sterf werk. Tesch se metode van beskrywende analise was gebruik om die transkribeerde onderhoude te analiseer (in Cresswell 1994:115. Een sentrale tema het na vore gekom, naamlik dat versorgers tydens die uitvoering van hulle daaglikse pligte (in die werk 'n verskeidenheid uitdagings ondervind het as gevolg van hul pasiënte wat sterf van VIGS en vyf sub-temas is geformuleer deur verdure analise. Hierdie vyf sub-temas was: • Versorgers ervaar emosionele uitdagings tydings die versorging van pasiënte wat van VIGS sterf; • Versorgers ervaar n verskil in die dood en sterfte van volwassesnes teenoor die van kinders; • Versorgers ervaar die rasionaliseering van dood en sterfte verskillend; • Versorgers ervaar dat vertroue in God hulle krag gee om die dood en sterfte beter te hanteer; • Versorgers ervaar dat die versorging van pasiënte wat sterf of sterwend is vervullend is ten spyte van die hartseer van dood en sterfte. Die deelnemers ervaar die dood van hul pasiënte daagliks van 'n siekte wat ongetelde lyding vir hulself, die pasiënt en hul familie veroorsaak. Die versorgers wens dat hulle kon die angs en die pyn voorkom, sowel as die ombekwaamheid van die mediese beroep om huidiglik meer te kan doen om die siekte te genees. Hulle beskryf hul emosionele ervaringe wat die verskillende uitdagings wat hul ervaar as gevolg van hul betrokkenheid by die dood en afsterwe van hul pasiënte aan VIGS. Die inligting wat deur

The effectiveness of video interaction guidance in parents of premature infants: A multicenter randomised controlled trial

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Tooten Anneke

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Studies have consistently found a high incidence of neonatal medical problems, premature births and low birth weights in abused and neglected children. One of the explanations proposed for the relation between neonatal problems and adverse parenting is a possible delay or disturbance in the bonding process between the parent and infant. This hypothesis suggests that due to neonatal problems, the development of an affectionate bond between the parent and the infant is impeded. The disruption of an optimal parent-infant bond -on its turn- may predispose to distorted parent-infant interactions and thus facilitate abusive or neglectful behaviours. Video Interaction Guidance (VIG is expected to promote the bond between parents and newborns and is expected to diminish non-optimal parenting behaviour. Methods/design This study is a multi-center randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of Video Interaction Guidance in parents of premature infants. In this study 210 newborn infants with their parents will be included: n = 70 healthy term infants (>37 weeks GA, n = 70 moderate term infants (32–37 weeks GA which are recruited from maternity wards of 6 general hospitals and n = 70 extremely preterm infants or very low birth weight infants (i.e. full term infants and their parents, receiving care as usual, a control group (i.e. premature infants and their parents, receiving care as usual and an intervention group (i.e. premature infants and their parents, receiving VIG. The data will be collected during the first six months after birth using observations of parent-infant interactions, questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Primary outcomes are the quality of parental bonding and parent-infant interactive behaviour. Parental secondary outcomes are (posttraumatic stress symptoms, depression, anxiety and feelings of anger and hostility. Infant secondary outcomes are behavioral aspects such as crying

Factores determinantes del compromiso por el trabajo o work engagement. El caso de la Asociación Malagueña en favor de las Personas con Discapacidad Intelectual-ASPROMANIS

OpenAIRE

Benítez Saña, Rosa María

2015-01-01

El presente Trabajo Fin de Grado tiene como objetivo el estudio del work engagement, que ha captado recientemente el interés de los investigadores, surgiendo como un concepto novedoso y considerado opuesto al burnout, y estudiado por la Psicología Ocupacional Positiva desde un enfoque totalmente distinto, cuyo fin es fomentar las potencialidades y fortalezas de los trabajadores, y su óptimo funcionamiento desde un punto de vista positivo. Es un constructo tridimensional caracterizado por vig...

Talking Video in 'Everyday Life':Interactional Practices of Localising, Translating and Stretching Conduct in Reality TV Parenting Programmes

OpenAIRE

McIlvenny, Paul

2010-01-01

For better or worse, video technologies have made their way into many domains of social life, for example in the domain of therapeutics. Techniques such as Marte Meo, Video Interaction Guidance (ViG), Video-Enhanced Reflection on Communication, Video Home Training and Video intervention/prevention (VIP) all promote the use of video as a therapeutic tool. This paper focuses on media therapeutics and the various in situ uses of video technologies in the mass media for therapeutic purposes. Real...

Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study

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Shah Gaurang R

2012-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Evidence is lacking for multi-ingredient herbal supplements claiming therapeutic effect in sexual dysfunction in men. We examined the safety and efficacy of VigRX Plus (VXP – a proprietary polyherbal preparation for improving male sexual function, in a double blind, randomized placebo-controlled, parallel groups, multi-centre study. Methods 78 men aged 25–50 years of age; suffering from mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (ED, participated in this study. Subjects were randomized to receive VXP or placebo at a dose of two capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. The international index of erectile function (IIEF was the primary outcome measure of efficacy. Other efficacy measures were: Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS, Serum testosterone, Semen analysis, Investigator’s Global assessment and Subjects’ opinion. Results In subjects receiving VXP, the IIEF-Erectile Function (EF scores improved significantly as compared to placebo. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (sd IIEF-EF score at baseline increased from 16.08 (2.87 to 25.08 (4.56 in the VXP group versus 15.86 (3.24 to 16.47 (4.25 in the placebo group (P P  Conclusions VigRX Plus was well tolerated and more effective than placebo in improving sexual function in men. Trial Registration Clinical Trial Registry India, CTRI/2009/091/000099, 31-03-2009

Política Externa Independente: origem, desenvolvimento e colapso sob a perspectiva teórica- histórica da relação entre a política externa e a opinião pública

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Tânia Maria P. G. Manzur

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar, em perspectiva histórica e teórica, a Política Externa Independente (PEI, que teve lugar no Brasil entre os anos de 1961 e 1964 e a significativa interação que se deu, na vigência da PEI, entre a opinião pública nacional e os direcionamentos da política externa. Naqueles anos, evidenciou-se uma estratégia de inserção internacional que procurou a independência e no Brasil em relação aos blocos antagônicos da Guerra Fria, tentando ampliar o leque de oportunidades para o comércio internacional e as relações políticas; o País quis se projetar como um interlocutor privilegiado entre o Norte e defendeu a existência de um sistema internacional mais justo.Naquele momento, a opinião pública movimentou-se dramaticamente em face dos temas da inserção internacional do Brasil. A relação entre a opinião pública e política externa na vigência da PEI tomou força como um dos elementos essenciais para a mudança estrutural do regime político ocorrida no Brasil em 1964.

Investigação da memória de longo prazo na taxa de câmbio no Brasil

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Sergio R. S. Souza

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho, é medida a evolução da memória de longo prazo da taxa de câmbio diária, Real contra Dólar dos Estados Unidos, no período de 1995 a 2004. Essa medição é realizada por meio da análise R/S clássica, com janela móvel de dados. O trabalho focaliza o abandono do regime de câmbio administrado em favor do de câmbio flutuante, ocorrido em 1999, identificando antipersistência da taxa de câmbio durante a vigência do primeiro regime e memória longa a partir do início da vigência do segundo regime. Mostra também evidência de memória longa para as volatilidades dos retornos das taxas analisadas.This paper presents measures of long-range dependence in daily exchange rates of the Brazilian Real against the US Dollar, taken from 1995 to 2004 employing the classical R/S analysis with a rolling sample. It analyses the switch from a crawling peg exchange regime to a floating exchange regime, in 1999, finding antipersistence in the exchange rate during the first exchange regime, and long memory in the exchange rates along the second one. Also, it finds long memory for the exchange rates' volatilities along the whole period.

Die behandeling van VIGS - Geneesmiddels en vaksiene - Wat hou die toekoms in?

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C. J. van der Schyf

1990-03-01

Full Text Available The developing epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS has prompted a broadly based research effort to find drugs and vaccines for preventing and treating this disease. Compounds such as zidovudine (AZT, ampligen and the broad spectrum of pyrimidine dideaxynucleosides have yielded some promise for the treatment of AIDS in terms of better quality of life for sufferers, but no cure is in sight yet. Also the quest for therapeutic and preventative vaccines has also been ongoing for several years. The latest development of the Salk vaccine has led to wild speculation in the lay press of a cure for AIDS. However, some seemingly insurmountable practical and moral-ethical problems beset both the development of AIDS chemotherapy and an AIDS vaccine. The most vexing of these problems is the lack of a suitable animal model for testing and the consequent questions of whether uninfected or HIV-infected but symptom-free volunteers can or should be used in testing potentially lethal compounds or vaccines.

Specific degradation of 3[prime prime or minute] regions of GUS mRNA in posttranscriptionally silenced tobacco lines may be related to 5[prime prime or minute]-3[prime prime or minute] spreading of silencing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Braunstein, T.H.; Moury, B.; Johannessen, M.M.

2002-01-01

background, we have performed detailed analyses of target regions in three spontaneously beta-glucuronidase (GUS) silencing tobacco lines of different origin. From quantitative cosuppression experiments, we show that the main target region in all three tobacco lines is found within the 3' half of the GUS...... VIGS. Surprisingly, only evidence for spreading of the target region in the 5'-3' direction was obtained. This finding may help explain why the majority of target regions examined to date lie within the 3' region of transgenes....

Specific degradation of 3' regions of GUS mRNA in posttranscriptionally silenced tobacco lines may be related to 5'-3' spreading of silencing

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Braunstein, Thomas Hartig; Moury, Benoit; Johannessen, Marina

2002-01-01

background, we have performed detailed analyses of target regions in three spontaneously beta-glucuronidase (GUS) silencing tobacco lines of different origin. From quantitative cosuppression experiments, we show that the main target region in all three tobacco lines is found within the 3' half of the GUS...... VIGS. Surprisingly, only evidence for spreading of the target region in the 5'-3' direction was obtained. This finding may help explain why the majority of target regions examined to date lie within the 3' region of transgenes....

Functional analyses of cellulose synthase genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum) by virus-induced gene silencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Chantreau, Maxime; Chabbert, Brigitte; Billiard, Sylvain; Hawkins, Simon; Neutelings, Godfrey

2015-12-01

Flax (Linum usitatissimum) bast fibres are located in the stem cortex where they play an important role in mechanical support. They contain high amounts of cellulose and so are used for linen textiles and in the composite industry. In this study, we screened the annotated flax genome and identified 14 distinct cellulose synthase (CESA) genes using orthologous sequences previously identified. Transcriptomics of 'primary cell wall' and 'secondary cell wall' flax CESA genes showed that some were preferentially expressed in different organs and stem tissues providing clues as to their biological role(s) in planta. The development for the first time in flax of a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to functionally evaluate the biological role of different CESA genes in stem tissues. Quantification of transcript accumulation showed that in many cases, silencing not only affected targeted CESA clades, but also had an impact on other CESA genes. Whatever the targeted clade, inactivation by VIGS affected plant growth. In contrast, only clade 1- and clade 6-targeted plants showed modifications in outer-stem tissue organization and secondary cell wall formation. In these plants, bast fibre number and structure were severely impacted, suggesting that the targeted genes may play an important role in the establishment of the fibre cell wall. Our results provide new fundamental information about cellulose biosynthesis in flax that should facilitate future plant improvement/engineering. © 2015 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Non-host Plant Resistance against Phytophthora capsici Is Mediated in Part by Members of the I2 R Gene Family in Nicotiana spp.

Science.gov (United States)

Vega-Arreguín, Julio C; Shimada-Beltrán, Harumi; Sevillano-Serrano, Jacobo; Moffett, Peter

2017-01-01

The identification of host genes associated with resistance to Phytophthora capsici is crucial to developing strategies of control against this oomycete pathogen. Since there are few sources of resistance to P. capsici in crop plants, non-host plants represent a promising source of resistance genes as well as excellent models to study P. capsici - plant interactions. We have previously shown that non-host resistance to P. capsici in Nicotiana spp. is mediated by the recognition of a specific P. capsici effector protein, PcAvr3a1 in a manner that suggests the involvement of a cognate disease resistance (R) genes. Here, we have used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transgenic tobacco plants expressing dsRNA in Nicotiana spp. to identify candidate R genes that mediate non-host resistance to P. capsici . Silencing of members of the I2 multigene family in the partially resistant plant N. edwardsonii and in the resistant N. tabacum resulted in compromised resistance to P. capsici . VIGS of two other components required for R gene-mediated resistance, EDS1 and SGT1 , also enhanced susceptibility to P. capsici in N. edwardsonii , as well as in the susceptible plants N. benthamiana and N. clevelandii . The silencing of I2 family members in N. tabacum also compromised the recognition of PcAvr3a1. These results indicate that in this case, non-host resistance is mediated by the same components normally associated with race-specific resistance.

Glycerol-3-phosphate metabolism in wheat contributes to systemic acquired resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici.

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Yuheng Yang

Full Text Available Glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P is a proposed regulator of plant defense signaling in basal resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR. The GLY1-encoded glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH and GLI1-encoded glycerol kinase (GK are two key enzymes involved in the G3P biosynthesis in plants. However, their physiological importance in wheat defense against pathogens remains unclear. In this study, quantification analysis revealed that G3P levels were significantly induced in wheat leaves challenged by the avirulent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst race CYR23. The transcriptional levels of TaGLY1 and TaGLI1 were likewise significantly induced by avirulent Pst infection. Furthermore, knocking down TaGLY1 and TaGLI1 individually or simultaneously with barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS inhibited G3P accumulation and compromised the resistance in the wheat cultivar Suwon 11, whereas the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA and the expression of the SA-induced marker gene TaPR1 in plant leaves were altered significantly after gene silencing. These results suggested that G3P contributes to wheat systemic acquired resistance (SAR against stripe rust, and provided evidence that the G3P function as a signaling molecule is conserved in dicots and monocots. Meanwhile, the simultaneous co-silencing of multiple genes by the VIGS system proved to be a powerful tool for multi-gene functional analysis in plants.

The cotton MAPK kinase GhMPK20 negatively regulates resistance to Fusarium oxysporum by mediating the MKK4-MPK20-WRKY40 cascade.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Chen; He, Xiaowen; Li, Yuzhen; Wang, Lijun; Guo, Xulei; Guo, Xingqi

2017-11-02

Fusarium wilt is one of the most serious diseases affecting cotton. However, the pathogenesis and mechanism by which Fusarium oxysporum overcomes plant defence responses are unclear. Here, a new group D mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) gene, GhMPK20, was identified and functionally analysed in cotton. GhMPK20 expression was significantly induced by F. oxysporum. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of GhMPK20 in cotton increased the tolerance to F. oxysporum, whereas ectopic GhMPK20 overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana reduced F. oxysporum resistance via disruption of the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defence pathway. More importantly, an F. oxysporum-induced MAPK cascade pathway composed of GhMKK4, GhMPK20 and GhWRKY40 was identified. VIGS of GhMKK4 and GhWRKY40 also enhanced F. oxysporum resistance in cotton, and the function of GhMKK4-GhMPK20 was shown to be essential for F. oxysporum-induced GhWRKY40 expression. Together, our results indicate that the GhMKK4-GhMPK20-GhWRKY40 cascade in cotton plays an important role in the pathogenesis of F. oxysporum. This research broadens our knowledge of the negative role of the MAPK cascade in disease resistance in cotton and provides an important scientific basis for the formulation of Fusarium wilt prevention strategies. © 2017 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.

Estimulantes tipo-anfetamínicos : uma abordagem no trânsito, analítica e forense

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Kristiane de Cássia Mariotti

2013-01-01

A utilização de substâncias estimulantes tipo-anfetamínicos (ATS) por motoristas com objetivo de aumentar o tempo de vigília é um conhecido problema nacional com consequências sociais e legais. A dietilpropiona (DIE) e o femproporex (FEN) figuram entre os estimulantes do sistema nervoso central (SNC) mais utilizados por condutores no trânsito brasileiro. O metilfenidato (MPH) é um fármaco que apresenta propriedades similares à cocaína e à anfetamina (AMP). Sua utilização como droga de rua e r...

Programa favela-bairro: uma inovação estratégica? Estudo do programa favela-bairro no contexto do plano estratégico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro

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Izabel Cristina Reis Mendes

2006-01-01

O Programa Favela-Bairro foi difundido como modelo inovador de intervenção em favelas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro por tratar a problemática dessas áreas em seu conjunto, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida da população e de transformar o conceito e a imagem das favelas na cidade. A metodologia desenvolvida pelo Programa parece representar o modelo de urbanismo em vigência na cidade, baseado nos conceitos do planejamento urbano estratégico, mas ao mesmo tempo traz em sua base uma me...

Determinação do valor de referência para o cortisol basal sérico em população pediátrica sem doença adrenal

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Cristina Botelho Barra

2012-01-01

A medida do cortisol basal reflete a atividade hipotalâmica-hipofisária-adrenal. É utilizada na avaliação da integridade da resposta do eixo, principalmente em pacientes submetidos a longos períodos de tratamento glicocorticoide, por apresentarem maior risco de supressão adrenal. Em pediatria, a supressão adrenal deve ser sempre considerada em crianças que receberam doses suprafisiológicas de glicocorticoides por mais de duas semanas. Nessas condições, há risco de crise adrenal mesmo em vigên...

Seroprevalencia de leptospirosis bovina en relación a los factores de riesgo en el Municipio Alberto Adriani estado Mérida, Venezuela

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Ramírez, Miguel; Rivera Pirela, Sergio E.

2009-01-01

Se recolectaron mediante punción de la vena yugular, muestras de sangre de 384 bovinos en 32 fincas productoras de leche, localizadas en El Vigía, municipio Alberto Adriani, estado Mérida, Venezuela. Se realizó la prueba de aglutinación microscópica (AM). De los 384 sueros, 231 (60,1%) resultaron positivos y 153 negativos (39,9%). El serovar hardjo estaba presente en el 40,78% y el hebdomadis en un 30,74% de los sueros positivos. Sesenta y dos sueros (26,83%) reaccionaron aisladamente al sero...

Evaluation of sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints, chronotype, and time zone adaptation of Brazilian athletes participant in the Sydney 2000 paralympic games

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Mello, Marco Tulio de [UNIFESP; Esteves, Andrea Maculano [UNIFESP; Comparoni, Aniella; Benedito-Silva, Ana Amélia [UNIFESP; Tufik, Sergio [UNIFESP

2002-01-01

Diversas metodologias têm sido desenvolvidas para investigar a qualidade e as principais queixas e distúrbios relacionados ao sono. Uma forma conhecida de investigar as características temporais dos organismos é a cronobiologia, ciência divide a população em três cronotipos básicos para avaliar as diferenças individuais na prevalência pelos horários de vigília e de sono: os matutinos, os vespertinos e os indiferentes. Outro ponto importante, é que existem poucos estudos relacionando o padrão ...

Surgical treatment for infective endocarditis and hospital mortality in a Brazilian single-center Tratamento cirúrgico para endocardite infecciosa e mortalidade hospitalar em centro único brasileiro

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Maurício Nassau Machado

2013-03-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: We evaluated patients underwent cardiac valve surgery in the presence of infective endocarditis in an attempt to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality. METHODS: We evaluated 837 consecutive patients underwent cardiac valve surgery from January 2003 to May 2010 in a tertiary hospital in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo (SP, Brazil. The study group comprised patients who underwent intervention in the presence of infective endocarditis and was compared to the control group (without infective endocarditis, evaluating perioperative clinical outcomes and 30-day all cause mortality. RESULTS: In our series, 64 patients (8% underwent cardiac valve surgery in the presence of infective endocarditis, and 37.5% of them had surgical intervention in multiple valves. The study group had prolonged ICU length of stay (16%, greater need for dialysis (9% and higher 30-day mortality (17% compared to the control group (7%, P=0.020; 2%, P=0.002 and 9%, P=0.038; respectively. In a Cox regression analysis, age (P = 0.007, acute kidney injury (P = 0.004, dialysis (P = 0.026, redo surgery (P = 0.026, re-exploration for bleeding (P = 0.013, tracheal reintubation (P OBJETIVO: Avaliamos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia valvar em vigência de endocardite infecciosa na tentativa de identificar preditores independentes de mortalidade intrahospitalar em 30 dias. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 837 pacientes consecutivamente submetidos à cirurgia valvar, no período de janeiro de 2003 a maio de 2010, em um hospital terciário de São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil. O Grupo de Estudo compreendeu indivíduos submetidos à intervenção em vigência de endocardite infecciosa e foi comparado ao Grupo Controle, considerando complicações clínicas perioperatórias e óbito por todas as causas em 30 dias. RESULTADOS: Em nossa casuística, 64 (8% pacientes foram submetidos à cirurgia valvar em vigência de endocardite infecciosa, sendo 37,5% deles com indica

Religiosidade popular católica no Brasil durante a vigência do Padroado

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Mauro Dillmann

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Este artigo pretende realizar uma breve revisão bibliográfica sobre a religiosidade popular no Brasil, do período colonial ao final do século XIX, bem como uma rápida apreciação da historiografia produzida sobre o tema no país, destacando os diferentes enfoques e interpretações sobre as peculiaridades das manifestações populares de fé. Aborda também características atribuídas para a categoria “popular”, destacando, por fim, as irmandades religiosas como os espaços próprios e exemplares de manifestações de práticas leigas do catolicismo.

O sindicalismo brasileiro e as práticas anti-sindicais

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Olga Maria Boschi Aguiar de Oliveira

2005-01-01

A influência do anarco-sindicalismoé bastante visível na estrutura sindicalbrasileira, no período de Getúlio Vargas,durante a vigência do Estado Novo (1938-1945). Entretanto, as idéias do anarco-sindicalismoe do socialismo não conseguiram prevalecersobre o sindicalismo brasileiro, quecomeçava a se desenvolver apoiado pela Igrejae pelo Estado, os quais viam com medouma organização sindical autônoma e revolucionária.A sistematização conferida pelaConsolidação das Leis do Trabalho – CLT, de1943,...

O Convênio de Taubaté e a Economia Cafeeira de Minas Gerais – 1906/1929

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Pires, Anderson

2008-01-01

O artigo utiliza-se de base bibliográfica para avaliar a importância e o significado histórico da economia agrária de exportação que se desenvolveu em Minas Gerais, na sua principal região produtora no período de vigência da política de valorização cafeeira, a zona da mata mineira. Utilizando instrumentos teóricos analíticos denominados de “Global Commodity Chains” ( rede ou cadeia mundial de mercadorias), posiciona essa economia além do contexto regional e nacional em que ...

BALANCE PARCIAL DE NITRÓGENO EN EL SISTEMA DE CULTIVO DE MAÍZ (Zea mays L.) CON COBERTURA DE LEGUMINOSAS EN CHIAPAS, MÉXICO

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José David Álvarez-Solís; Ramón Muñoz-Arroyo; Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga; José Nahed-Toral

2016-01-01

El potencial de las leguminosas para mejorar la fertilidad del suelo y sostener la producción de cultivos asociados como el maíz, varía entre especies. Este trabajo evalúa la contribución de 3 leguminosas como cultivos de cobertura (CC) en el balance parcial de Nitrógeno (N) en el cultivo de maíz. Fue realizado en Ejido La Bella Ilusión, Maravilla Tenejapa, estado de Chiapas, México, con 4 tratamientos en asociación al cultivo de maíz: 1) frijol nescafé (Mucuna pruriens), 2) frijol arroz (Vig...

Meaning-making of a group of South Africans in their experience of living with HIV: a phenomenological study

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H G Pretorius

2005-11-01

Full Text Available With the primary focus of disease specific studies on the medical and biological transmission and progression of HIV/AIDS, the lived experience and meaning-making of individuals who live with this disease, is a literary scarcity. Opsomming Met die primêre fokus van siektespesifieke studies op die mediese en ook biologiese oordrag en progressie van MIV/VIGS, is daar ‘n literêre skaarste oor die geleefde ondervinding en betekenisgewing van individue wat met hierdie siekte leef. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

Demarcação e Divulgação dos Limites entre o Brasil e a Colômbia

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Novaes, André Reyes; Palacios, David Ramírez

2015-01-01

Os documentos aqui reproduzidos expressam um momento importante no processo de demarcação dos limites entre o Brasil e a Colômbia. O primeiro é a “Acta da vigésima primeira e última conferência da Comissão Mixta Brasileira Colombiana Demarcadora de Limites”, realizada em 5 de janeiro de 1937 na cidade de Manaus. O segundo é a “Carta geográfica da fronteira do Alto Solimões entre Brasil, Perú e Colômbia”, publicada em 1940 com base nos trabalhos da citada comissão, e disponível na Biblioteca D...

O desenvolvimento da autonomia do estudante de guitarra através da experimentação lúdica nas primeiras fases da aprendizagem

OpenAIRE

Soares, Eduardo Daniel Martins Baltar

2013-01-01

Relatório de estágio de mestrado em Ensino da Música Ao longo da nossa experiência contexto do ensino básico da música em regime articulado em Portugal, observamos a vigência de um conjunto de práticas educativas musicais baseadas na procura da máxima produtividade, uma tendência que actualmente goza de grande aceitação social. Na nossa opinião, estas práticas podem promover hábitos negativos que não proporcionam uma formação musical e humana completa, nem facilita a progressiv...

Despenalización del aborto y la reducción de prácticas abortivas clandestinas en el Cercado de Lima, período 2015

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Berrospi Fernández, Sergio

2017-01-01

A veces las formas en que aparecen algunas cosas dicen mucho de ellas. La propuesta para despenalizar el autoaborto y el aborto consentido ―así, de manera libre, sin indicación o plazo de ningún tipo― fue presentada por la Dra. Rosa Mavila (en adelante, la comisionada) a la Comisión Especial Revisora del Código Penal del Congreso de la República. Semanas más tarde la comisionada modificó su propuesta inicial con relación al delito de autoaborto previsto en el artículo 114 del Código Penal vig...

Complexo agroindustrial, grupos de interesses e politicas publicas : o caso do trigo no Brasil

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Alvaro Ramalho Junior

1994-01-01

Resumo:Esta tese procura demonstrar que apesar de ter sido definida por um instrumento de força, em plena vigência de um regime autoritário, a política tritícola desencadeada pela promulgação do Decreto-Lei 210, de 1967, não pode ser caracterizada como uma imposição unilateral do Estado, mas, sim, como resultado de um intercâmbio que pretendeu conciliar interesses públicos e de grupos privados. Evidenciou-se ainda que a política tritícola definida por aquele decreto-lei resultou de um process...

Patrón y nivel de la sobrevivencia fetal en Cuba:1998-2002

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Herrera León, Lorenzo Inocente

2006-01-01

La tesis versa sobre el estudio de la vida intrauterina en una de sus fases más importantes: el período fetal, que se inicia en la vigésima segunda semana de gestación. Este trabajo corresponde a una continuación é integración de varias investigaciones del autor en este campo. En el estudio se enfoca al embarazo como un proceso temporal y continuo de cambios de estados. El feto después de una “permanencia” en el vientre de la madre en la cual se produce su desarrollo y crecimiento, es expulsa...

Alcances en materia jurídico electoral de la recién promulgada Ley 9379 para la promoción de la Autonomía Personal de las Personas con Discapacidad: Un análisis de la función cuasi legislativa del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

OpenAIRE

Lucía Soto Chacón

2018-01-01

En el marco del vigésimo aniversario de la promulgación de la Ley 7600, y habiéndose cumplido ocho años desde la ratificación de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad por parte del Estado costarricense, se promulgó en agosto de 2016 la ley 9379 para la Promoción de la Autonomía Personal de las Personas con Discapacidad. Esta norma busca dotar de asistentes personales y apoyo legal a aquellos sujetos con diversidad funcional cuya situación económica no les permite a...

A política externa independente (PEI): antecedentes, apogeu e declínio

OpenAIRE

Manzur,Tânia Maria P. G.

2014-01-01

Este artigo analisa o período de 1961 a 1964, quando a sociedade brasileira vivenciou o processo de gestação, desenvolvimento, apogeu e declínio da Política Externa Independente (PEI). Na vigência das presidências de Jânio Quadros e, posteriormente, João Goulart, observa-se expressivo envolvimento da opinião pública com assuntos de política exterior, envolvimento esse que é fruto de um amálgama entre o populismo e o desenvolvimento e a disseminação dos meios de comunicação de massa, bem como ...

Members of WRKY Group III transcription factors are important in TYLCV defense signaling pathway in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Ying; Li, Meng-Yao; Wu, Peng; Xu, Zhi-Sheng; Que, Feng; Wang, Feng; Xiong, Ai-Sheng

2016-10-07

Transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tomato yellow leaf curly virus (TYLCV) has posed serious threats to plant growth and development. Plant innate immune systems against various threats involve WRKY Group III transcription factors (TFs). This group participates as a major component of biological processes in plants. In this study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs (SolyWRKY41, SolyWRKY42, SolyWRKY53, SolyWRKY54, SolyWRKY80, and SolyWRKY81) were identified, and these TFs responded to TYLCV infection. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were nuclear proteins in vivo. Many elements, including W-box, were found in the promoter region of Group III TFs. Interaction network analysis revealed that Group III TFs could interact with other proteins, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase 5 (MAPK) and isochorismate synthase (ICS), to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses. Positive and negative expression patterns showed that WRKY Group III genes could also respond to TYLCV infection in tomato. The DNA content of TYLCV resistant lines after SolyWRKY41 and SolyWRKY54 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was lower than that of the control lines. In the present study, 6 WRKY Group III TFs in tomato were identified to respond to TYLCV infection. Quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and VIGS analyses demonstrated that Group III genes served as positive and negative regulators in tomato-TYLCV interaction. WRKY Group III TFs could interact with other proteins by binding to cis elements existing in the promoter regions of other genes to regulate pathogen-related gene expression.

Influence of local habitat features on disease avoidance by Caribbean spiny lobsters in a casita-enhanced bay.

Science.gov (United States)

Briones-Fourzán, Patricia; Candia-Zulbarán, Rebeca I; Negrete-Soto, Fernando; Barradas-Ortiz, Cecilia; Huchin-Mian, Juan P; Lozano-Álvarez, Enrique

2012-08-27

In Bahía de la Ascensión, Mexico, 'casitas' (large artificial shelters) are extensively used to harvest Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus. After the discovery of a pathogenic virus, Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1), in these lobsters, laboratory experiments revealed that PaV1 could be transmitted by contact and through water, and that lobsters avoided shelters harboring diseased conspecifics. To examine these issues in the context of casitas, which typically harbor multiple lobsters of all sizes, we examined the distribution and aggregation patterns of lobsters in the absence/presence of diseased conspecifics (i.e. visibly infected with PaV1) in 531 casitas distributed over 3 bay zones, 1 poorly vegetated ('Vigía Chico', average depth: 1.5 m) and 2 more extensively vegetated ('Punta Allen': 2.5 m; 'Los Cayos': 2.4 m). All zones had relatively high indices of predation risk. Using several statistical approaches, we found that distribution parameters of lobsters were generally not affected by the presence of diseased conspecifics in casitas. Interestingly, however, in the shallower and less vegetated zone (Vigía Chico), individual casitas harbored more lobsters and lobsters were actually more crowded in casitas containing diseased conspecifics, yet disease prevalence was the lowest in lobsters of all sizes. These results suggest that (1) investment in disease avoidance by lobsters is partially modulated by local habitat features, (2) contact transmission rates of PaV1 may be lower in nature than in the laboratory, and (3) water-borne transmission rates may be lower in shallow, poorly vegetated habitats more exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation, which can damage viral particles.

TaNAC1 acts as a negative regulator of stripe rust resistance in wheat, enhances susceptibility to Pseudomonas syringae, and promotes lateral root development in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana

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Fengtao eWang

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Plant-specific NAC transcription factors constitute a large family and play important roles in regulating plant developmental processes and responses to environmental stresses, but only some of them have been investigated for effects on disease reaction in cereal crops. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS is an effective strategy for rapid functional analysis of genes in plant tissues. In this study, TaNAC1, encoding a new member of the NAC1 subgroup, was cloned from bread wheat and characterized. It is a transcription factor localized in the cell nucleus, and contains an activation domain in its C-terminal. TaNAC1 was strongly expressed in wheat roots and was involved in responses to infection by the obligate pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and defense-related hormone treatments such as salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate and ethylene. Knockdown of TaNAC1 with barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS enhanced stripe rust resistance. TaNAC1-overexpression in Arabidopsis plants gave enhanced susceptibility, attenuated systemic-acquired resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, and promoted lateral root development. Jasmonic acid-signaling pathway genes PDF1.2 and ORA59 were constitutively expressed in transgenic plants. TaNAC1 overexpression suppressed the expression levels of resistance-related genes PR1 and PR2 involved in SA signaling and AtWRKY70, which functions as a connection node between the JA- and SA-signaling pathways. Collectively, TaNAC1 is a novel NAC member of the NAC1 subgroup, negatively regulates plant disease resistance, and may modulate plant JA- and SA-signaling defense cascades.

Manipulation of MKS1 gene expression affects Kalanchoë blossfeldiana and Petunia hybrida phenotypes.

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Gargul, Joanna Maria; Mibus, Heiko; Serek, Margrethe

2015-01-01

The establishment of alternative methods to chemical treatments for growth retardation and pathogen protection in ornamental plant production has become a major goal in recent breeding programmes. This study evaluates the effect of manipulating MAP kinase 4 nuclear substrate 1 (MKS1) expression in Kalanchoë blossfeldiana and Petunia hybrida. The Arabidopsis thaliana MKS1 gene was overexpressed in both species via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, resulting in dwarfed phenotypes and delayed flowering in both species and increased tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato in transgenic Petunia plants. The lengths of the stems and internodes were decreased, while the number of nodes in the transgenic plants was similar to that of the control plants in both species. The transgenic Kalanchoë flowers had an increased anthocyanin concentration, and the length of the inflorescence stem was decreased. The morphology of transgenic Petunia flowers was not altered. The results of the Pseudomonas syringae tolerance test showed that Petunia plants with one copy of the transgene reacted similarly to the nontransgenic control plants; however, plants with four copies of the transgene exhibited considerably higher tolerance to bacterial attack. Transgene integration and expression was determined by Southern blot hybridization and RT-PCR analyses. MKS1 in wild-type Petunia plants was down-regulated through a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method using tobacco rattle virus vectors. There were no significant phenotypic differences between the plants with silenced MKS1 genes and the controls. The relative concentration of the MKS1 transcript in VIGS-treated plants was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. © 2014 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Vigs in die werksomgewing : ekonomiese, politiese en etiese oorwegings in die Suid-Afrikaanse mynboubedryf

OpenAIRE

2014-01-01

M.Com. (Business Management) HIV/AIDS infection is becoming one of the greatest threats the world has had to face the past century. opinions on the subject vary from doomsday scenarios to those that feel that it will just pass as another storm in a teacup, without having any real effect on society. since the indications are there that it is especially the economically active that are exposed to the infection, top management cannot take the chance of ignoring the issue. Unfortunately this s...

Vigs-voorligting: kennis, houdings en gedrag in ’n multi-kulturele, heteroseksuele konteks1

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Alta van Dyk

1994-03-01

Full Text Available The first decade of the AIDS epidemic was mainly characterized by the dissemination of information, without taking the needs of different target groups into consideration. The objective of this study was to examine the knowledge, myths, causaI attributions, attitudes, susceptibility, sexual behaviour, sexual behavioural change and obstacles preventing behavioural change in a multi-cultural, heterosexual context. Possible cultural differences were established and recommendations made for AIDS education programs. A survey was conducted and data collected through questionnaires obtained from 1494 subjects. Although marked cultural differences were evident, the results indicated that all AIDS prevention programs should contain certain basic components, which should be modified to suit the needs of specific target groups. The purpose of AIDS education programs should be to give practical advice about AIDS; to dispel myths about the spread of HIV; to correct faulty attributions about the causes of AIDS; to change attitudes and to establish a sense of compassion for infected people; to alleviate anxiety and to establish a realistic sense of susceptibility, to motivate people to change their sexual behaviour, and to determine and rectify the obstacles preventing people from changing their sexual behaviour.

Comparação dos valores do índice bispectral em pacientes com paralisia cerebral em estado de vigília Comparación de los valores del índice bispectral en pacientes con parálisis cerebral en estado de vigilia Comparison of the bispectral index in awake patients with cerebral palsy

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Verônica Vieira da Costa

2007-08-01

Full Text Available JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O EEG-BIS foi criado por meio de estudos em pacientes adultos saudáveis e as primeiras publicações em crianças surgiram a partir de 1998. A paralisia cerebral (PC é secundária à lesão estática do encéfalo em desenvolvimento. A necessidade de realização de exames e procedimentos cirúrgicos para correção de deformidades sob anestesia ou sedação é comum nesses pacientes. Torna-se cada vez mais necessária a monitorização do estado de hipnose do paciente anestesiado e pode-se incluir nesse grupo os pacientes com paralisia cerebral. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficiência do EEG-BIS nos pacientes com paralisia cerebral (PC em comparação com os pacientes sem doenças neurológicas (sem PC, em estado de vigília. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados dois grupos de pacientes: um com diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral e outro sem doença do sistema nervoso central (SNC. Na véspera da intervenção cirúrgica, na enfermaria, junto aos pacientes despertos era colocado o monitor de EEG-BIS e solicitado que fechassem os olhos. Os valores que apareciam na tela do monitor, em um intervalo de 10 minutos, eram anotados e registrados em ficha padronizada, sendo calculado um valor médio por paciente. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 188 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 10, 07 ± 2,9 (PC e 10,21 ± 3,1 (sem PC anos. O grupo PC apresentou EEG-BIS basal de 95,83 ± 5,142 e o grupo sem PC de 96,56 ± 1,941 sem haver diferença estatística significativa entre eles. CONCLUSÕES: Os sinais de EEG são captados normalmente e os valores de EEG-BIS dos pacientes com PC são semelhantes ao dos pacientes sem PC no estado de vigília.JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El EEG-BIS fue creado a través de estudios en pacientes adultos saludables y las primeras publicaciones en niños surgieron a partir de 1998. La parálisis cerebral (PC es secundaria a la lesión estática del encéfalo en desarrollo. La necesidad de

AÇÃO POPULAR: REQUISITO DA LESIVIDADE

OpenAIRE

Ramos Junior, Adilson

2010-01-01

A ação popular nasceu no Direito Romano e se sabe que ela apareceu primeiramente no Brasil na Constituição do Império. O seu objetivo sempre foi o de possibilitar aos cidadãos a defesa da res pública (coisa pública). Contudo, muito tempo já passou desde a vigência da Lei nº 4.717, de 1965, e ainda hoje existem divergências sobre a necessidade ou não de se preencher o requisito da lesividade para que seja possível o julgamento da ação popular. A dissertação busca justamente a...

Influência da qualidade do sono na saúde, no comportamento e na aprendizagem escolar de alunos de 2º e 3º ciclos do ensino básico

OpenAIRE

Oliveira, Olinda

2012-01-01

Dissertação de mestrado em Estudos da Criança (área de especialização em Promoção da Saúde e do Meio Ambiente) O sono é uma função biológica vital que desempenha um papel fundamental na vida humana e pode ser definido como um estado de inconsciência do qual podemos ser despertados, por exemplo, por estímulos sensoriais (Guyton & Hall, 2002). Não é por acaso que passamos dois terços da nossa vida em vigília e um terço a dormir (Deitos, 2004). Porém, uma quantidade suficiente de so...

Estimativas de parâmetros genéticos de características reprodutivas de touros Nelore, de dois e três anos de idade Genetic parameter estimates for reproductive traits in young Nelore bulls

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J.C. Dias

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Estimaram-se a herdabilidade e a correlação genética entre características ponderais e reprodutivas de 579 touros da raça Nelore, de 19 a 39 meses de idade. As características reprodutivas avaliadas foram: circunferência escrotal (CE; consistência, volume, forma, comprimento e largura dos testículos; motilidade e vigor dos espermatozóides; defeitos espermáticos maiores, menores e totais; e classificação andrológica por pontos (CAP. As características foram analisadas pelo método de máxima verossimilhança restrita, com algoritmos livres de derivadas, sob modelo animal, com inclusão da matriz de numeradores dos coeficientes de parentesco entre os animais e seus ascendentes, utilizando o programa MTDFREML. As estimativas de herdabilidade para consistência testicular, motilidade e vigor espermáticos e defeitos espermáticos maiores, menores e totais e CAP foram, respectivamente, 0,46; 0,10; 0,08; 0,16; 0,09; 0,11 e 0,10. As correlações genéticas entre CE e: peso, volume testicular, motilidade e vigor espermáticos, defeitos espermáticos menores, defeitos totais e CAP foram, respectivamente, 0,72; 0,99; 0,72; 0,60; -0,67; -0,12 e 0,64. As correlações genéticas entre CAP e: peso, volume testicular, defeitos espermáticos maiores e defeitos totais foram, respectivamente, 0,19; 0,71; -0,47 e -0,58. Os resultados sugerem compatibilidade de crescimento corporal e fertilidade nos programas de seleção de reprodutores Nelore.Heritabilities and genetic correlations between performance and reproductive traits were estimated using Multiple Trait Derivative-Free Restricted Maximum Likelihood methodology in 579 pasture-raised Nelore bulls that were 19 to 39 months of age. Traits were breeding soundness evaluation (BSE, scrotal circumference (SC, testicular consistency (TC, testicular volume (TV, testicular shape (TS, length and width of right and left testicles, and semen traits including motility (Mot, vigor (Vig, major (MD sperm

Non-verbal mother-child communication in conditions of maternal HIV in an experimental environment Comunicación no verbal madre/hijo em la existencia del HIV materna en ambiente experimental Comunicação não-verbal mãe/filho na vigência do HIV materno em ambiente experimental

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Simone de Sousa Paiva

2010-02-01

Full Text Available Non-verbal communication is predominant in the mother-child relation. This study aimed to analyze non-verbal mother-child communication in conditions of maternal HIV. In an experimental environment, five HIV-positive mothers were evaluated during care delivery to their babies of up to six months old. Recordings of the care were analyzed by experts, observing aspects of non-verbal communication, such as: paralanguage, kinesics, distance, visual contact, tone of voice, maternal and infant tactile behavior. In total, 344 scenes were obtained. After statistical analysis, these permitted inferring that mothers use non-verbal communication to demonstrate their close attachment to their children and to perceive possible abnormalities. It is suggested that the mother’s infection can be a determining factor for the formation of mothers’ strong attachment to their children after birth.La comunicación no verbal es predominante en la relación entre madre/hijo. Se tuvo por objetivo verificar la comunicación no verbal madre/hijo en la existencia del HIV materno. En ambiente experimental, fueron evaluadas cinco madres HIV+, que cuidaban de sus hijos de hasta seis meses de vida. Las filmaciones de los cuidados fueron analizadas por peritos, siendo observados los aspectos de la comunicación no verbal, como: paralenguaje, cinestésica, proximidad, contacto visual, tono de voz y comportamiento táctil materno e infantil. Se obtuvo 344 escenas que, después de un análisis estadístico, posibilitó inferir que la comunicación no verbal es utilizada por la madre para demonstrar su apego íntimo a los hijos y para percibir posibles anormalidades. Se sugiere que la infección materna puede ser un factor determinante para la formación del fuerte apego de la madre por su bebé después el nacimiento.A comunicação não-verbal é predominante na relação entre mãe/filho. Objetivou-se verificar a comunicação não-verbal mãe/filho na vigência do HIV

SlBIR3 Negatively Regulates PAMP Responses and Cell Death in Tomato

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Shuhua Huang

2017-09-01

Full Text Available Bri1-associated kinase 1 (BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase (BIR proteins have been shown to play important roles in regulating growth and development, pathogen associated molecular pattern (PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI responses, and cell death in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. We identified four BIR family members in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, including SlBIR3, an ortholog of AtBIR3 from A. thaliana. SlBIR3 is predicted to encode a membrane localized non-arginine-aspartate (non-RD kinase that, based on protein sequence, does not have autophosphorylation activity but that can be phosphorylated in vivo. We established that SlBIR3 interacts with SlBAK1 and AtBAK1 using yeast two-hybrid assays and co-immunoprecipitation and maltose-binding protein pull down assays. We observed that SlBIR3 overexpression in tomato (cv. micro-tom and A. thaliana has weak effect on growth and development through brassinosteroid (BR signaling. SlBIR3 overexpression in A. thaliana suppressed flg22-induced defense responses, but did not affect infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (PstDC3000. This result was confirmed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS in tomato in conjunction with PstDC3000 infection. Overexpression of SlBIR3 in tomato (cv. micro-tom and A. thaliana resulted in enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. In addition, co-silencing SlBIR3 with SlSERK3A or SlSERK3B using VIGS and the tobacco rattle virus (TRV-RNA2 vector containing fragments of both the SlSERK3 and SlBIR3 genes induced spontaneous cell death, indicating a cooperation between the two proteins in this process. In conclusion, our study revealed that SlBIR3 is the ortholog of AtBIR3 and that it participates in BR, PTI, and cell death signaling pathways.

Toll-like receptors and interferon associated immune factors responses to spring viraemia of carp virus infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio).

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Xinxian; Li, Xiao Zheng; Zheng, Xiaocong; Jia, Peng; Wang, Jinjin; Yang, Xianle; Yu, Li; Shi, Xiujie; Tong, Guixiang; Liu, Hong

2016-08-01

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) toll-like receptors (TLRs), antiviral agent interferon (IFN) and the effector IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) play a fundamental role in the innate immune response against viruses among all vertebrate classes. Common carp is a host for spring viraemia of carp virus (Rhabdovirus carpio, SVCV), which belong to Rhabdoviridae family. The present in-vivo experiment was conducted to investigate the expression of these innate immune factors in early phase as well as during recovery of SVCV infection by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A less lethal SVCV infection was generated in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and was sampled at 3, 6, 12 h post infection (hpi), 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days post infection (dpi). At 3 hpi, the SVCV N gene was detected in all three fish and all three fish showed a relative fold increase of TLR2, TLR3 and TLR7, IFNa1, ISG15 and Vig1. Viral copies rapidly increased at 12 hpi then remained high until 5 dpi. When viral copy numbers were high, a higher expression of immune genes TLR2, TLR3, TLR7, IFNa1, IFNa2, IFNa1S, IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), IRF7, interleukin 1β (IL1β), IL6, IL10, ADAR, ISG15, Mx1, PKR and Vig1 were observed. Viral copies were gradually reduced in 5 to 10 dpi fish, and also the immune response was considerably reduced but remained elevated. A high degree of correlation was observed between immune genes and viral copy number in each of the sampled fish at 12 hpi. The quick and prolonged elevated expression of the immune genes indicates their crucial role in survival of host against SVCV. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Efeitos da melatonina no sistema genital feminino: breve revisão Melatonin effects on the female genital system: a brief review

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Carla C. Maganhin

2008-06-01

Full Text Available A melatonina é um hormônio produzido pela glândula pineal, cuja secreção está diretamente relacionada ao ciclo claro-escuro. É um poderoso antioxidante e tem papel fundamental na regulação do estado sono/vigília, do ritmo de vários processos fisiológicos, participando do controle do relógio biológico, inclusive nos seres humanos. Ressalta-se que há evidências da sua ação no sistema genital feminino, influenciando a função ovariana e a fertilidade. De fato, este hormônio interage com esteróides sexuais, como o estrogênio, modificando a sinalização celular e a resposta no tecido alvo. Estudos clínicos sugerem que o tratamento com a melatonina interviria com a evolução de neoplasia-dependente do estrogênio. O objetivo dessa revisão é analisar as principais ações da melatonina no sistema neuroendócrino, no ciclo sono-vigília, no sistema imunológico, no sistema cardiovascular, bem como no sistema reprodutor.Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and this is linked to the day/night cycle. It is an antioxidant and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the jet-lag stage, in several physiological reactions and in control of the biologic rhythm. Human melatonin has an important influence on the female genital system. In fact, melatonin may influence production and action of steroids, modifying cellular signalization on the target tissue. There are many evidences that the melatonin therapy may be interfering with neoplasia development, mainly of the estrogen-dependent tumor. This paper aims to analyze the actions of melatonin on the neuroendocrine, immunological and cardiovascular systems, as well as on the reproductive function.

Arte e movimento estudantil: análise de uma obra de Antonio Manuel

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Artur Freitas

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Podem as manifestações visuais, e no limite a própria visualidade, participar crítica e reflexivamente dos grandes debates do espaço público? Em linhas gerais, é justamente a crença nesse poder de intervenção crítica que manteve acesa, no caso das artes plásticas, uma intensa atividade pública, contestatória e coletiva das vanguardas brasileiras durante o regime militar, sobretudo em seus primeiros anos de vigência. E é a partir desse contexto histórico que este artigo pretende analisar algumas implicações estéticas e ideológicas presentes na obra Movimento estudantil 68, serigrafia de Antonio Manuel premiada no Salão Paranaense de 1968. Produzida em plena efervescência política do movimento estudantil, mas exibida ao público nos primeiros dias de vigência do Ato Institucional nº 5, Movimento estudantil 68 será aqui entendida como uma trama discursiva em que se cruzam história e visualidade.Can the visual manifestations participate critic and reflexively of the great debates of the public space? Usually, during the first years of military regime, the plastic arts believed in this participation, and this faith sustained the public, oppositional and collective activity of the Brazilian vanguards. In this historical context, therefore, this article will analyze some aesthetic and ideological implications presents in the work Movimento estudantil 68, engraving of Antonio Manuel rewarded in the Salão Paranaense of 1968. Movimento estudantil 68 was produced in the political effervescence peak of student movement, but it was exhibited for the public in the first days ofAct Institutional number 5.Thus, this art work will be understood here as a discursive plot, a crossing between history and visuality.

Evaluation of a multi-herb supplement for erectile dysfunction: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Science.gov (United States)

Shah, Gaurang R; Chaudhari, Manojkumar V; Patankar, Suresh B; Pensalwar, Shrikant V; Sabale, Vilas P; Sonawane, Navneet A

2012-09-15

Evidence is lacking for multi-ingredient herbal supplements claiming therapeutic effect in sexual dysfunction in men. We examined the safety and efficacy of VigRX Plus (VXP) - a proprietary polyherbal preparation for improving male sexual function, in a double blind, randomized placebo-controlled, parallel groups, multi-centre study. 78 men aged 25-50 years of age; suffering from mild to moderate erectile dysfunction (ED), participated in this study. Subjects were randomized to receive VXP or placebo at a dose of two capsules twice daily for 12 weeks. The international index of erectile function (IIEF) was the primary outcome measure of efficacy. Other efficacy measures were: Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), Serum testosterone, Semen analysis, Investigator's Global assessment and Subjects' opinion. In subjects receiving VXP, the IIEF-Erectile Function (EF) scores improved significantly as compared to placebo. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (sd) IIEF-EF score at baseline increased from 16.08 (2.87) to 25.08 (4.56) in the VXP group versus 15.86 (3.24) to 16.47 (4.25) in the placebo group (P sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction).There was a significant difference for VXP versus placebo comparison of mean (sd) EDITS scores of patients: 82.31(20.23) vs 36.78(22.53) and partners :(82.75(9.8) vs 18.50(9.44);P global assessment rated VXP therapy as very good to excellent in more than 50% patients and placebo therapy as fair to good in about 25% of patients. Incidence of side effects and subject's rating for tolerability of treatment was similar in both groups. VigRX Plus was well tolerated and more effective than placebo in improving sexual function in men. Clinical Trial Registry India, CTRI/2009/091/000099, 31-03-2009.

Assistant in design of tissue targeting leads with radio-combinatorial screening vivo

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Ciyi; Zeng Jun; Xie Wenhui; Hu Silong; Jin Muxiu

2004-01-01

The diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency of drug depends highly on the drug distribution in target tissues (tumor for example) both specifically and accumulatively. We report here a powerful approach in design of tissue targeting leads with the assistant of radio-combinatorial screening technique developed in our laboratory. Methods: The C-terminal amide tripeptide libraries were synthesized on Rink Amide-MBHA resin in the OXX aO1OXaO1O2O positional scanning format and iterative protoco. A technetium (V) oxo core[(TcO)3+] was bound to the N4-triligands of tripeptide libraries via four deprotonated anfide nitrogen atoms to form a structure of 99Tcm-tripeptoid libraries. The radio-combinatorial screening (RCS) in vivo was then carried out after SD rats and A549 tumor bearing mice received i.v. with 99Tcm-tripeptoid libraries. Results: Signals of tissue distribution and metabolism of libraries were recorded by g counting or imaging. From library of 8,000 99Tcm-tripeptoid members, the tissue targeting leads had been identified by RCS. Those included 99Tcm-DSG (RES), 99Tcm-VAA, and 99Tcm-VIG that had specific tissue targeting in kidney, stomach, and liver respectively. The percent injected dose per gram tissue (%ID/g) of 99Tcm labeled leads in their target tissues was highly structure-dependent The discovery of 99Tcm-VAA and 99Tcm-VIG indicates that side chain methyl at positionl and 2 are crucial for stomach and liver accumulating 99Tcm-tripeptoids. In the case of kidney targeting, Ser in the position 2 and 3 is crucial for 99Tcm-tripeptoids renal excretion and accumulation characteristics respectively. Conclusion: RCS in vivo is a powerful tool for design of tissue targeting leads. (authors)

TaCPK2-A, a calcium-dependent protein kinase gene that is required for wheat powdery mildew resistance enhances bacterial blight resistance in transgenic rice.

Science.gov (United States)

Geng, Shuaifeng; Li, Aili; Tang, Lichuan; Yin, Lingjie; Wu, Liang; Lei, Cailin; Guo, Xiuping; Zhang, Xin; Jiang, Guanghuai; Zhai, Wenxue; Wei, Yuming; Zheng, Youliang; Lan, Xiujin; Mao, Long

2013-08-01

Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are important Ca2+ signalling components involved in complex immune and stress signalling networks; but the knowledge of CPK gene functions in the hexaploid wheat is limited. Previously, TaCPK2 was shown to be inducible by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis tritici, Bgt) infection in wheat. Here, its functions in disease resistance are characterized further. This study shows the presence of defence-response and cold-response cis-elements on the promoters of the A subgenome homoeologue (TaCPK2-A) and D subgenome homoeologue (TaCPK2-D), respectively. Their expression patterns were then confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) using genome-specific primers, where TaCPK2-A was induced by Bgt treatment while TaCPK2-D mainly responded to cold treatment. Downregulation of TaCPK2-A by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) causes loss of resistance to Bgt in resistant wheat lines, indicating that TaCPK2-A is required for powdery mildew resistance. Furthermore, overexpression of TaCPK2-A in rice enhanced bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo) resistance. qRT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of TaCPK2-A in rice promoted the expression of OsWRKY45-1, a transcription factor involved in both fungal and bacterial resistance by regulating jasmonic acid and salicylic acid signalling genes. The opposite effect was found in wheat TaCPK2-A VIGS plants, where the homologue of OsWRKY45-1 was significantly repressed. These data suggest that modulation of WRKY45-1 and associated defence-response genes by CPK2 genes may be the common mechanism for multiple disease resistance in grass species, which may have undergone subfunctionalization in promoters before the formation of hexaploid wheat.

Development of a gene silencing DNA vector derived from a broad host range geminivirus

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Hancock Leandria C

2009-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Gene silencing is proving to be a powerful tool for genetic, developmental, and physiological analyses. The use of viral induced gene silencing (VIGS offers advantages to transgenic approaches as it can be potentially applied to non-model systems for which transgenic techniques are not readily available. However, many VIGS vectors are derived from Gemini viruses that have limited host ranges. We present a new, unipartite vector that is derived from a curtovirus that has a broad host range and will be amenable to use in many non-model systems. Results The construction of a gene silencing vector derived from the geminivirus Beet curly top virus (BCTV, named pWSRi, is reported. Two versions of the vector have been developed to allow application by biolistic techniques or by agro-infiltration. We demonstrate its ability to silence nuclear genes including ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit (rbcS, transketolase, the sulfur allele of magnesium chelatase (ChlI, and two homeotic transcription factors in spinach or tomato by generating gene-specific knock-down phenotypes. Onset of phenotypes occurred 3 to 12 weeks post-inoculation, depending on the target gene, in organs that developed after the application. The vector lacks movement genes and we found no evidence for significant spread from the site of inoculation. However, viral amplification in inoculated tissue was detected and is necessary for systemic silencing, suggesting that signals generated from active viral replicons are efficiently transported within the plant. Conclusion The unique properties of the pWSRi vector, the ability to silence genes in meristem tissue, the separation of virus and silencing phenotypes, and the broad natural host range of BCTV, suggest that it will have wide utility.

PhOBF1, a petunia ocs element binding factor, plays an important role in antiviral RNA silencing.

Science.gov (United States)

Sun, Daoyang; Li, Shaohua; Niu, Lixin; Reid, Michael S; Zhang, Yanlong; Jiang, Cai-Zhong

2017-02-01

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a common reverse genetics strategy for characterizing the function of genes in plants. The detailed mechanism governing RNA silencing efficiency triggered by viruses is largely unclear. Here, we reveal that a petunia (Petunia hybrida) ocs element binding factor, PhOBF1, one of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, was up-regulated by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infection. Simultaneous silencing of PhOBF1 and a reporter gene, phytoene desaturase (PDS) or chalcone synthase (CHS), by TRV-based VIGS led to a failure of the development of leaf photobleaching or the white-corollas phenotype. PhOBF1 silencing caused down-regulation of RNA silencing-related genes, including RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs), Dicer-like RNase III enzymes (DCLs), and Argonautes (AGOs). After inoculation with the TRV-PhPDS, PhOBF1-RNAi lines exhibited a substantially impaired PDS silencing efficiency, whereas overexpression of PhOBF1 resulted in a recovery of the silencing phenotype (photobleaching) in systemic leaves. A compromised resistance to TRV and Tobacco mosaic virus was found in PhOBF1-RNAi lines, while PhOBF1-overexpressing lines displayed an enhanced resistance to their infections. Compared with wild-type plants, PhOBF1-silenced plants accumulated lower levels of free salicylic acid (SA), salicylic acid glucoside, and phenylalanine, contrarily to higher levels of those in plants overexpressing PhOBF1. Furthermore, transcripts of a number of genes associated with the shikimate and phenylpropanoid pathways were decreased or increased in PhOBF1-RNAi or PhOBF1-overexpressing lines, respectively. Taken together, the data suggest that PhOBF1 regulates TRV-induced RNA silencing efficiency through modulation of RDRs, DCLs, and AGOs mediated by the SA biosynthesis pathway. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

El concepto Segunda independencia en el pensamiento chileno y argentino de los siglos XIX y XX: variaciones de una estrategia para alcanzarla: cuatro reflexiones y una propuesta = The concept f Second Independence in chilean and argentine thought in the 19th and 20th centuries: variations of strategy to attain it: four reflections and one suggestion

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Pinedo, Javier

2009-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo, através de quatro reflexões, analisa a história, a aplicação e o significado do conceito de “segunda independência”, desde seu início nos pensadores românticos do século XIX (Esteban Echeverría, José Victorino Lastarria, Francisco Bilbao, mais tarde com José Martí, que o consolida definitivamente, e terminando no Chile dos anos 60, com aquilo que foi estabelecido por Salvador Allende. Por último, se analisa a situação atual e qual deveria ser sua vigência no futuro, às vésperas do Bicentenário

Impacto do estresse crônico associado a um modelo de obesidade sobre atividades comportamentais e marcadores hormonais e bioquímicos

OpenAIRE

Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira

2013-01-01

Introdução: O ciclo sono-vigília, a alimentação e o metabolismo de lipídios e de glicose estão sujeitos à regulação circadiana a qual visa sincronizar a energia disponível e o gasto necessário para mudanças no meio externo de acordo com a fase claro-escuro. O desajuste do ritmo circadiano pode ser fator causal para uma relação positiva entre o trabalho noturno e obesidade. A exposição ao estresse crônico devido à liberação de glicocorticóides provoca distribuição anômala de gordura, principal...

VIG Seminar April 5, 2018 Rachel Van Duyne and Melissa Fernandez | Center for Cancer Research

Science.gov (United States)

Please join us for the Virology Interest Group Seminar on Thursday, April 5th, from 2:30 until 3:30 in Frederick, Building 549, Conference Room A. The seminar will also be broadcasted to Bethesda, Building 50, Room 2328.

Transplante cardíaco pediátrico em vigência de choque cardiogênico refratário: análise crítica da viabilidade, aplicabilidade e resultados Pediatric heart transplantation in refractory cardiogenic shock: a critical analysis of feasibility, applicability and results

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Marcelo Biscegli Jatene

2008-05-01

Full Text Available FUNDAMENTO: Considerando crianças com miocardiopatia dilatada, na lista de espera de transplante de coração, podemos avaliar a gravidade do quadro hemodinâmico desses pacientes. Alguns apresentam choque cardiogênico e um elevado índice de mortalidade. Mesmo com suporte inotrópico e respiratório, o transplante de coração é considerado uma condição de extrema gravidade. OBJETIVO: Apresentar nossa experiência com crianças na circunstância de transplante cardíaco em vigência de choque cardiogênico refratário, procurando analisar a viabilidade, a aplicabilidade e os resultados desses transplantes. MÉTODOS: De março de 2001 a fevereiro de 2004, 22 crianças com miocardiopatia dilatada, previamente registradas na lista de transplante, apresentaram choque cardiogênico, necessitando transferência para unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI pediátrica, intubação e suporte inotrópico. As idades variaram de 11 meses a 11 anos (média = 4,3 idade, com 55% do sexo masculino; 14 poderiam ser listados como prioridade clínica e os outros 8 foram excluídos da lista de espera em razão de condição clínica desfavorável. RESULTADOS: Oito transplantes de coração foram executados, 6 crianças faleceram na fila de espera (42,9%. Duas crianças faleceram (25% após o transplante; as outras 6 receberam alta hospitalar com boas condições clínicas. As duas principais complicação são rejeição, em 4 casos, e infecção, em 5 casos. Dois apresentaram complicações neurológicas, com recuperação total em um dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças com miocardiopatia e choque cardiogênico necessitam de transplante imediato; somente 57,1% podiam ser transplantadas, com mortalidade de 25%. Daquelas que sobreviveram ao transplante, a evolução clínica foi boa, similar às crianças transplantas em cirurgias eletivas.BACKGROUND: In children with dilated cardiomyopathy who are on the waiting list for heart transplantation, we evaluate the

Marco Antonio Silva

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F. Imelda Zamudio Castro

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El Premio Nacional de Danza UAM-INBA es una condecoración de especial importancia en los escenarios nacional e intercontinental. Un evento que desde sus inicios busca reconocer la voz del ser humano contemporáneo, del ser humano vivo de nuestro tiempo que busca expresarse. El INBA y la UAM se han comprometido a que este galardón tenga características muy particulares, llegando a ser un premio intercontinental en el que los jurados internacionales han tenido presencia importante y se ha contado con curadores de festivales internacionales como invitados de honor, además, una vigésima cuarta edición del premio habla de una constancia que es fundamental en este país.

Die voorstelling van VIGS-verwante stigma in ’n versameling gedigte deur Afrikaanssprekende hoërskoolleerders

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A. Carstens

2004-07-01

Full Text Available The representation of AIDS-related stigma in a collection of poems by Afrikaans-speaking teenagers This article reports on a discourse analysis of twenty-two poems written by a group of white South African teenagers, with special reference to the construal of people living with HIV/AIDS and the role that stigmatisation plays. The vantage point is that of Christian ethics, while psycho-social models of stigma, and the archetypes of people living with HIV/AIDS (as portrayed by the media serve as the descriptive framework. The most salient stigma-enhancing factor was found to be the perception that self-stigmatisation is an undeniable reaction to the disease. Although coming to terms with one’s HIV status by finding a deeper meaning in the disease can be regarded as a stigma-reducing response, it may be harmful if personal responsibility for one’s physical and mental well-being is not acknowledged and exercised. The article concludes with a number of recommendations regarding destigmatising intervention messages based on ethical principles.

VIGS approach reveals the modulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes by CaMYB in Chili pepper leaves

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zhen ezhang

2015-07-01

Full Text Available The purple coloration of pepper leaves arises from the accumulation of anthocyanin. Three regulatory and 12 structural genes have been characterized for their involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthesis. Examination of the abundance of these genes in leaves showed that the majority of them differed between anthocyanin pigmented line Z1 and non-pigmented line A3. Silencing of the R2R3-MYB transcription factor CaMYB in pepper leaves of Z1 resulted in the loss of anthocyanin accumulation. Moreover, the expression of multiple genes was altered in the silenced leaves. The expression of MYC was significantly lower in CaMYB-silenced leaves, whereas WD40 showed the opposite pattern. Most structural genes including CHS, CHI, F3H, F3’5’H, DFR, ANS, UFGT, ANP and GST were repressed in CaMYB-silenced foliage with the exception of PAL, C4H and 4CL. These results indicated that MYB plays an important role in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthetic related genes. Besides CaMYB silenced leaves rendered more sporulation of Phytophthora capsici Leonian indicating that CaMYB might be involved in the defense response to pathogens.

Validação da escala de ritmo circadiano - ciclo vigília/sono para adolescentes Validación de la escala de ritmo circadiano - ciclo vigilia / sueño para adolescentes Validity of a circadian rhythm scale - sleep/wake cycle for adolescents

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Márcia Finimundi

2012-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Validar a Escala Puberty and Phase Preference, de Carskadon, Vieira e Acebo (1993, traduzida para a língua portuguesa, que investiga os horários de acordar e dormir de adolescentes e seus sentimentos com relação a estes, denominando-os matutinos ou vespertinos. MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 144 alunos do ensino fundamental, 86 meninos e 58 meninas, com média de idade de 13,2±1,6 anos. A validade de constructo foi por critério preditivo. A escala de ritmo circadiano foi aplicada na sala de aula; após um mês de tal aplicação, os alunos foram solicitados a responder por sete dias consecutivos outro questionário. Este perguntava, referente ao dia anterior, o horário em que foi dormir e, referente ao próprio dia, o momento em que despertou. Para avaliar as evidências de validade de critério foram comparadas as médias por análise de variância one-way e teste post-hoc da diferença mínima significativa. RESULTADOS: As propriedades psicométricas da escala mostraram-se satisfatórias. A análise de consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach foi de 0,791. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicaram fidedignidade e validade nas preferências de alocação do ciclo vigília e sono. Os índices foram significativos e direcionados aos horários esperados, evidenciando a validade da escala.OBJETIVO: Validar la Escala Puberty and Phase Preference, de Carskadon, Vieira e Acebo (1993, traducida al portugués, que investiga los horarios de despertar y dormir de adolescentes y sus sentimientos respecto a esos horarios, nombrándolos matutinos o vespertinos. MÉTODOS: Participaron del estudio 144 alumnos de la primaria, 86 muchachos y 58 muchachas, con promedio de edad de 13,2±1,6 años. La validez de constructo fue por criterio predictivo. La escala de ritmo circadiano fue aplicada en el aula; después de un mes de esa aplicación, se solicitó que los alumnos contestaran, durante siete días consecutivos, a otro cuestionario. �

Spermatic Viability of Cryopreserved Semen of Piau swine breed analyzed by Thermo Resistant Test

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Maurício Hoshino da Costa Barros

2014-06-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT. Barros M.H.C., Shiomi H.H., Amorim L.S., Guimarães S.E.F., Lopes P.S., Siqueira J.B., Pinho R.O. & Guimarães J.D. [Spermatic Viability of Cryopreserved Semen of Piau swine breed analyzed by Thermo Resistant Test.] Viabilidade espermática de sêmen congelado de suínos da raça Piau avaliada pelo Teste de Termorresistência. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária 36(2:131-136, 2014. Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, MG 36571-000, Brasil. E-mail: hugoshiomi@hotmail.com The objective of this study was to verify three protocols of semen cryopreservation on spermatic viability after thawing from Piau swine breed (Sus scrofa, by thermo resistant test (TTR. Twenty two ejaculates from 5 Piau mature boars were collected by glove hand technique. To freezing, the ejaculates was split and submitted to three protocols (P: (P1 freezing method proposed by Furst et al. (2005, altered by diluent media, (P2 freezing method proposed by Furst et al. (2005, altered by cooled curve; and (P3 freezing method proposed by Ohata et al. (2001. After thawing, semen was submitted to TTR, been incubated at 37o C by 2 hours, motility sperm (MOT and vigor (VIG was analyzed at 30 minutes of interval. MOT and VIG after thawing was 20.9±12.4, 29.5±10.9 and 49.5±12.1%; 2.5±0.5, 2.9±0.4 and 3.4±0.4, respectively to P1, P2 and P3. The TTR results show gradually decrease of motility and vigor along 2 hours of test procedure utilized, with best average to protocol 3 at all time of analyze. The protocol 3 tested by Piau boars shows highest values in cellular semen cryopreservation.

Discovering Host Genes Involved in the Infection by the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Complex and in the Establishment of Resistance to the Virus Using Tobacco Rattle Virus-based Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing

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Rosa Lozano-Durán

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The development of high-throughput technologies allows for evaluating gene expression at the whole-genome level. Together with proteomic and metabolomic studies, these analyses have resulted in the identification of plant genes whose function or expression is altered as a consequence of pathogen attacks. Members of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV complex are among the most important pathogens impairing production of agricultural crops worldwide. To understand how these geminiviruses subjugate plant defenses, and to devise counter-measures, it is essential to identify the host genes affected by infection and to determine their role in susceptible and resistant plants. We have used a reverse genetics approach based on Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (TRV-VIGS to uncover genes involved in viral infection of susceptible plants, and to identify genes underlying virus resistance. To identify host genes with a role in geminivirus infection, we have engineered a Nicotiana benthamiana line, coined 2IRGFP, which over-expresses GFP upon virus infection. With this system, we have achieved an accurate description of the dynamics of virus replication in space and time. Upon silencing selected N. benthamiana genes previously shown to be related to host response to geminivirus infection, we have identified eighteen genes involved in a wide array of cellular processes. Plant genes involved in geminivirus resistance were studied by comparing two tomato lines: one resistant (R, the other susceptible (S to the virus. Sixty-nine genes preferentially expressed in R tomatoes were identified by screening cDNA libraries from infected and uninfected R and S genotypes. Out of the 25 genes studied so far, the silencing of five led to the total collapse of resistance, suggesting their involvement in the resistance gene network. This review of our results indicates that TRV-VIGS is an exquisite reverse genetics tool that may provide new insights into the

Avatares del paradigma conexionista

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Asier Arias

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Hace ahora un año que falleciera David Everett Rumelhart, conexionista pionero y editor junto con James Lloyd McClelland de la llamada “biblia del Procesamiento Distribuido en Paralelo” (PDP. Al mismo tiempo, los dos volúmenes de la referida biblia celebraban su vigésimo quinto cumpleaños. También uno de los padres de la inteligencia artificial, John McCarthy, que bautizara de hecho la disciplina, nos abandonó el pasado mes de octubre a los 84 años. Estas tres efemérides nos sirven de pretexto para un breve recorrido por las derivas y obstáculos a los que se ha enfrentado el llamado paradigma conexionista desde su puesta en escena como alternativa al cognitivismo clásico.

Perceptions of health promoters about health promotion programmes for families with adolescents orphaned as a result of AIDS in the rural Hammanskraal region in South Africa

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Maseapo P. Mthobeni

2013-02-01

Full Text Available South African communities are still greatly affected by the high rate of infection with HIV or who are living with AIDS, mirrored in the 2008 overall national HIV prevalence of 29.3%(UNAIDS 2010:10. In addressing the challenge, the health system is dependent on community care level workers such as caregivers to render health promotion and education in the homes and communities. The caregivers based in the communities are the ones with first-hand information on what is needed for the success of health promotion programmes. This study, aimed at exploring the challenges faced by the health promoters, described their perceptions regarding a health promotion programme for families with adolescents orphaned as a result of AIDS. Data were collected on the purposively selected participants at the rural Hammanskraal region in South Africa and the research question: ‘What is your perception regarding health promotion programmes for families with adolescents orphaned as a result of AIDS’ was asked and discussed by participants in a focus group interview. Data were analysed using the adapted Tesch method to organize and isolate the main categories, sub-categories and themes. The following main categories were isolated: attitudes of adolescents, effectiveness of home visits, need for health education and limited resources. Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that health care planners assist in the improvement of health promotion and education by using the community and national media, providing information material and providing access to the internet in order to allow more people, including young people, to access the information.Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe word steeds grootliks beïnvloed deur die hoë vlak van MIV en vigs, soos weerspieël in die algehele nasionale MIV-syfer in 2008 van 29.3% (UNAIDS 2010:10. In die aanspreek van hierdie uitdaging is die gesondheidstelsel afhanklik van gemeenskapsorgwerkers om gesondheidsbevordering

Perceptions of health promoters about health promotion programmes for families with adolescents orphaned as a result of AIDS in the rural Hammanskraal region in South Africa

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Maseapo P. Mthobeni

2013-02-01

Full Text Available South African communities are still greatly affected by the high rate of infection with HIV or who are living with AIDS, mirrored in the 2008 overall national HIV prevalence of 29.3%(UNAIDS 2010:10. In addressing the challenge, the health system is dependent on community care level workers such as caregivers to render health promotion and education in the homes and communities. The caregivers based in the communities are the ones with first-hand information on what is needed for the success of health promotion programmes. This study, aimed at exploring the challenges faced by the health promoters, described their perceptions regarding a health promotion programme for families with adolescents orphaned as a result of AIDS. Data were collected on the purposively selected participants at the rural Hammanskraal region in South Africa and the research question: ‘What is your perception regarding health promotion programmes for families with adolescents orphaned as a result of AIDS’ was asked and discussed by participants in a focus group interview. Data were analysed using the adapted Tesch method to organize and isolate the main categories, sub-categories and themes. The following main categories were isolated: attitudes of adolescents, effectiveness of home visits, need for health education and limited resources. Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that health care planners assist in the improvement of health promotion and education by using the community and national media, providing information material and providing access to the internet in order to allow more people, including young people, to access the information. Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskappe word steeds grootliks beïnvloed deur die hoë vlak van MIV en vigs, soos weerspieël in die algehele nasionale MIV-syfer in 2008 van 29.3% (UNAIDS 2010:10. In die aanspreek van hierdie uitdaging is die gesondheidstelsel afhanklik van gemeenskapsorgwerkers om gesondheidsbevordering

Sindrome de Guillain-Barré como manifestação do lupus eritematoso sistêmico: registro de um caso

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Pedro F. Moreira Filho

1980-06-01

Full Text Available É relatado caso de paciente jovem do sexo feminino que apresentou, de modo agudo, quadro de polirradiculoneurite com acometimento de vários nervos cranianos e dissociação albumino-citológica no líquido cefalorraqueano. Os exames complementares mostraram tratar-se de lupus eritematoso sistêmico. A biópsia de nervo periférico revelou diminuição de fibras mielínicas, fibrose do endo e perineuro e hipertrofia da camada média dos vasa-nervorum. Os autores chamam a atenção para a raridade do acometimento do sistema nervoso periférico na vigência da doença lúpica. Acreditam que a síndrome de Guillain-Barré provocada pelo lupus eritematoso sistêmico seria devido a um mecanismo imuno-alérgico.

Presentación de las V Jornadas del Instituto de Inmunología Clínica

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Guillermo Terán-Ángel

2013-12-01

Full Text Available La "V Jornada Científica del Instituto de Inmunología Clínica de la Universidad de los Andes" es un evento que se realiza en e l marco de la celebración de nuestro vigésimo aniversario de creación. En estas Jornadas se realizan actividades académicas de actualización (conferencias, presentación de trabajos libres, cursos y talleres prejornadas en el área de la inmunología y en general de las diferentes ramas de la biomedicina. Como eventos previos a las Jornadas se realizan dos cursos, el primero de clonación y producción de proteínas recombinantes seguido de un curso de inmunodiagnóstico . También se realiza un taller de manejo de infecciones recurrentes

Temperature influences the expression profiling of immune response genes in rainbow trout following DNA vaccination and VHS virus infection

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Einer-Jensen, Katja; Gautier, Laurent; Rasmussen, Jesper Skou

balancing mechanism of the immune system. An experimental VHSV challenge was performed 7 weeks pv. Similar protection levels of approximately 10% mortality were found for the vaccinated fish, regardless of temperature during immunisation and challenge, whereas the course and level of mortality among...... an early unspecific antiviral response as well as a long-lasting specific protection. However, temperature appears to influence immune response with respect to the nature and duration of the protective mechanisms. In this study, groups of fish were temperature acclimated, vaccinated and challenged at three...... different temperatures (5, 10 and 15ºC). Tissue and organ samples were collected at numerous time points post vaccination (pv) and post viral challenge (pch). Then, gene expression levels of a two immune genes (Vig-1 and Mx3) involved in unspecific antiviral response mechanisms were determined by Q...

Talking Video in 'Everyday Life'

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

McIlvenny, Paul

For better or worse, video technologies have made their way into many domains of social life, for example in the domain of therapeutics. Techniques such as Marte Meo, Video Interaction Guidance (ViG), Video-Enhanced Reflection on Communication, Video Home Training and Video intervention....../prevention (VIP) all promote the use of video as a therapeutic tool. This paper focuses on media therapeutics and the various in situ uses of video technologies in the mass media for therapeutic purposes. Reality TV parenting programmes such as Supernanny, Little Angels, The House of Tiny Tearaways, Honey, We...... observation and instruction (directives) relayed across different spaces; 2) the use of recorded video by participants to visualise, spatialise and localise talk and action that is distant in time and/or space; 3) the translating, stretching and cutting of social experience in and through the situated use...

Uso de los resultados de investigacion en salud en Colombia

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Adalberto Campo-Arias

2013-10-01

Full Text Available En los países en vía de desarrollo, como Colombia, la investigación en todas las áreas del conocimiento debe ayudar a comprender la situación de los ciudadanos. Este es el comienzo para el desarrollo de estrategias de intervención para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población. Sin embargo, en la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos la producción de investigación es incipiente. Latinoamérica da cuenta de sólo el 1% o menos de la producción en investigación en los cinco continentes. Y Colombia es responsable de algo menos de una vigésima parte de la producción científica de la región1.

La música electroacústica de Gustavo Becerra (Homenaje a sus 80 años Gustavo Becerra: His Electronic Compositions

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Federico Schumacher Ratti

2007-06-01

Full Text Available El distinguido compositor chileno Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt cumplió 80 años el 26 de agosto de 2005. Como un homenaje a su vigésimo octavo aniversario se escribió este artículo, dando cuenta de los aportes del Maestro en el campo de la música electroacústica a través de un breve análisis de sus creaciones en ese ámbito. Además, se elaboró un catálogo de sus obras electrónicasThis article has been written as a hommage to the distinguished Chilean composer Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt on his 80th birthday (August 26, 2005. It examines his creative output in the field of electronic music by means of an analytical survey of his main electronic compositions. A catalog of his electronic works is provided

Reprodutibilidade da medida ambulatorial da pressão arterial em pacientes hipertensos com diabete melito tipo 2 Reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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João Soares Felício

2007-02-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade e o efeito placebo sobre a monitorização ambulatorial da pressão arterial (MAPA (SpaceLabs-90207. MÉTODOS: Mensurou-se a PA no consultório e por meio de duas MAPA, realizadas em um intervalo de 1 a 10 meses (média de 4,9 meses, de 26 pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 e hipertensão. Onze pacientes (G1 realizaram as duas MAPA sem medicação anti-hipertensiva por 15 dias, enquanto o G2 (N = 15 fez a segunda MAPA em uso de placebo pelo mesmo período. RESULTADOS: Ao avaliarmos os coeficientes de variação (CV da PA sistólica na vigília (PASV, PA diastólica na vigília (PADV, PA sistólica nas 24h (PAS24h e PA diastólica nas 24h (PAD24h, encontramos valores de 4,6%, 3,9%, 5,0% e 4,0% no G1 e 4,3%, 5,1%, 3,7% e 5,1% no G2, respectivamente. Quanto ao CV da PA sistólica e diastólica durante o sono (PASS e PADS, encontramos 7,7% e 8,2% para G1, e 5,6% e 6,3% para G2, respectivamente. O CV da freqüência cardíaca na vigília e durante o sono foram: G1 = 5,9% e 9,0%, G2 = 6,9% e 5,8%, respectivamente. Analisando o total dos pacientes, todas as variáveis mostraram fortes correlações entre a primeira e a segunda MAPA (PASV, r=0,76; POBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM (SpaceLabs-90207 and placebo effect on ABPM. METHODS: Blood pressure was measured in the office and over two ABPM periods with an interval from one to ten months (mean 4.9 months, in 26 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Eleven patients (G1 had two ABPMs without taking antihypertensive drugs for 15 days, whereas G2 (N=15 had the second ABPM after administration of a placebo for 15 days. RESULTS: In the evaluation of the coefficient of variation (CV of diurnal (awake systolic BP (DSBP, of diurnal (awake diastolic BP (DDBP, of 24-hour systolic BP (24hSBP and of 24-hour diastolic BP (24hDBP, the values found were 4.6%, 3.9%, 5.0%, 4.0% for G1 and 4.3%, 5.1%, 3.7%, 5

Phylogenetic assessment reveals continuous evolution and circulation of pigeon-derived virulent avian avulaviruses 1 in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa.

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Sabra, Mahmoud; Dimitrov, Kiril M; Goraichuk, Iryna V; Wajid, Abdul; Sharma, Poonam; Williams-Coplin, Dawn; Basharat, Asma; Rehmani, Shafqat F; Muzyka, Denys V; Miller, Patti J; Afonso, Claudio L

2017-09-26

The remarkable diversity and mobility of Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) includes virulent viruses of genotype VI. These viruses are often referred to as pigeon paramyxoviruses 1 because they are normally isolated and cause clinical disease in birds from the Columbidae family. Genotype VI viruses occasionally infect, and may also cause clinical disease in poultry. Thus, the evolution, current spread and detection of these viruses are relevant to avian health. Here, we describe the isolation and genomic characterization of six Egyptian (2015), four Pakistani (2015), and two Ukrainian (2007, 2013) recent pigeon-derived NDV isolates of sub-genotype VIg. These viruses are closely related to isolates from Kazakhstan, Nigeria and Russia. In addition, eight genetically related NDV isolates from Pakistan (2014-2016) that define a new sub-genotype (VIm) are described. All of these viruses, and the ancestral Bulgarian (n = 2) and South Korean (n = 2) viruses described here, have predicted virulent cleavage sites of the fusion protein, and those selected for further characterization have intracerebral pathogenicity index assay values characteristic of NDV of genotype VI (1.31 to 1.48). A validated matrix gene real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) NDV test detect all tested isolates. However, the validated rRT-PCR test that is normally used to identify the virulent fusion gene fails to detect the Egyptian and Ukrainian viruses due to mismatches in primers and probe. A new rapid rRT-PCR test to determine the presence of virulent cleavage sites for viruses from sub-genotypes VIg was developed and evaluated on these and other viruses. We describe the almost simultaneous circulation and continuous evolution of genotype VI Newcastle disease viruses in distant locations, suggesting epidemiological connections among three continents. As pigeons are not migratory, this study suggests the need to understand the possible role of human activity in the dispersal of these viruses. Complete

Organizações e ambiente legal: a construção do sistema de identificação civil brasileiro

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Thais Gualda Carneiro Akiyama

2015-12-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo visa compreender a influência da articulação de organizações públicas e privadas, por meio da mobilização de recursos e estratégias de framing, no processo de construção social da Lei Federal no 9.454/1997, que instituiu o Registro Único de Identificação Civil brasileiro (RIC no período 1997-2011. O trabalho se fundamenta na ideia de que textos legais são passíveis de interpretações acerca de sua aplicabilidade, alcance e validade no campo organizacional, o que implica admitir diferentes concepções de legalidade. Para tanto, considera organizações públicas e privadas como agentes engajados na política de produção e manutenção de significados legais. A coleta dos dados considerou fontes documentais, tratadas longitudinalmente, e entrevistas semiestruturadas, de natureza seccional retrospectiva. Utilizou-se análise qualitativa de conteúdo, de base temática, a partir de categorias pré-definidas e emergentes. O período considerado vai de 1997 a 2011, marcado pela lacuna entre a vigência legal e a vigência social da Lei Federal no 9.454/1997. Apesar dos interesses distintos, resultados evidenciaram o engajamento de organizações públicas e privadas com o compartilhamento de uma interpretação acerca da legalidade. Também foram constatadas ações que conflitavam com parâmetros institucionalizados e que contrariavam leis existentes – as quais foram legitimadas em função de sua aderência à noção de legalidade socialmente compartilhada. Conclui-se que noções de legitimidade e legalidade estão articuladas por meio do significado dado às leis e compartilhado entre os pares no campo organizacional. Nesse sentido, o trabalho favorece a aproximação de aspectos do institucionalismo organizacional e da sociologia do direito no tratamento do ambiente legal, como parte do contexto institucional das organizações

Transtornos alimentares e padrão circadiano alimentar: uma revisão Eating disorders and circadian eating pattern: a review

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Fabiana Bernardi

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar aspectos relacionados a transtornos alimentares e suas relações com as alterações no ritmo circadiano. Realizou-se uma busca sistematizada das informações nas bases de dados PubMed usando os seguintes descritores: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder e sleep patterns. Os transtornos alimentares, como a síndrome do comer noturno e o transtorno da compulsão alimentar periódica, têm sido considerados e relacionados a um atraso no ritmo circadiano da ingestão alimentar e saciedade prejudicada. Os ritmos circadianos são aqueles que apresentam um período de 24 h, como, por exemplo, o ciclo sono-vigília, temperatura corporal, atividade e comportamento alimentar. Distúrbios provocados pelas alterações nos horários de sono/vigília influenciam o apetite, a saciedade e, consequentemente, a ingestão alimentar, o que parece favorecer o aumento desses transtornos. Percebe-se que o comportamento alimentar pode ser influenciado por ritmos circadianos. Porém, mais estudos e o maior conhecimento sobre a ritmicidade alimentar podem contribuir com o melhor entendimento do comportamento alimentar atual, atuando na prevenção e/ou tratamento de transtornos alimentares.This review aims at reviewing aspects related to eating disorders arising from changes in circadian rhythm. There was a systematic search in PubMed databases, using the following descriptors: eating disorders, circadian rhythm, night eating syndrome, binge eating disorder, and sleep patterns. Eating disorders, such as night eating syndrome and binge eating disorder, have been considered and related to a delay in circadian rhythm in food intake and impaired satiety. Circadian rhythms are those that show a period of 24 h, for example, sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, activity and eating behavior. Disorders related to changes in sleep-wake schedules influence the appetite, satiety and consequently

Characterization of the Wheat Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) Fungal Effector Candidate PEC6 and Its Corresponding Host Targets

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liu, Changhai

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important fungal diseases on wheat worldwide and a serious threat to wheat production. Understanding the plant-microbe interaction mechanism is the basic step to assist future plant breeding aiming at increasing...... factor. By using the yeast two-hybrid system, the adenosine kinase (ADK) was identified as a host target of PEC6. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of ADK enhanced wheat susceptibility to stripe rust indicates that ADK is a positive regulator in plant defense. Based on EtHAn-mediated effector delivery......, seventy-two wheat landraces were screened to search for the presence of potential resistance (R) genes. Three landraces showed strong hypersensitive response (HR) when PEC6 was expressed in the cells, suggesting the presence of certain R gene(s) recognizing PEC6. However, these landraces did not show...

Educação infantil no período militar: nuances políticas de sua implantação na Escola Estadual João Pinheiro (Ituiutaba, MG, 1964 a 1985

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Carlos Henrique de Carvalho

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem por propósito apresentar e discutir a base legal que possibilitou a implantação da educação infantil no Brasil, durante o período de vigência da Ditadura Civil Militar no País (1964 a 1985. Mas para proceder tal estudo examinamos como foi esse processo de instauração da educação infantil na Escola Estadual João Pinheiro, no município de Ituiutaba (MG. Por outro lado, também é nosso objetivo discorrer sobre algumas das práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas nas primeiras séries dessa modalidade de ensino, procurando situá-las no âmbito do comportamento social já determinado pelo próprio contexto educacional vigente à época, ou seja, configurado a partir das diretrizes política-institucionais instauradas pelo Estado Militar.

Responsabilidade e Imputabilidade: Diálogos entre a Psicanálise e o Direito

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Aline Fridman

Full Text Available RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é tomar a atualidade dos debates sobre responsabilidade e imputabilidade para discuti-la em um diálogo entre a Psicanálise e o Direito. Revisita-se a etimologia dos vocábulos freudianos e as elucidações de Lacan, recuperando a definição de responsabilidade em Psicanálise e contrapondo-a à aplicabilidade das categorias jurídicas.Sugere-se que o sujeito responsável é constituído e comandado pela adesividade (Haftbarkeit pulsional que antecede o dever de respondere (Verantwortung.Convocado pelo trabalho da análise, pela fala, a assumir a responsabilidade por seus pensamentos imorais subjacentes aos sonhos e à vida de vigília, esse sujeito determinado pelas pulsões não é escutado pelas operações do Direito, voltadas para indicar com exatidão o imputável e o incapaz de entendimento e autodeterminação.

The Subcellular Localization and Functional Analysis of Fibrillarin2, a Nucleolar Protein in Nicotiana benthamiana

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Luping Zheng

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Nucleolar proteins play important roles in plant cytology, growth, and development. Fibrillarin2 is a nucleolar protein of Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana. Its cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR and inserted into expression vector pEarley101 labeled with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP. The fusion protein was localized in the nucleolus and Cajal body of leaf epidermal cells of N. benthamiana. The N. benthamiana fibrillarin2 (NbFib2 protein has three functional domains (i.e., glycine and arginine rich domain, RNA-binding domain, and α-helical domain and a nuclear localization signal (NLS in C-terminal. The protein 3D structure analysis predicted that NbFib2 is an α/β protein. In addition, the virus induced gene silencing (VIGS approach was used to determine the function of NbFib2. Our results showed that symptoms including growth retardation, organ deformation, chlorosis, and necrosis appeared in NbFib2-silenced N. benthamiana.

Alterações do ciclo sono-vigília moduladas por Dopamina e suas consequências Mnemônicas

OpenAIRE

Franca, Arthur Sergio Cavalcanti de

2012-01-01

As descobertas da neurociência estão em franca ascensão. A sua grande interdisciplinaridade facilita uma abordagem mais complexa do cérebro, abrangendo com profundidade diversas áreas. No entanto, muitos fenômenos que fascinam a humanidade estão longe de ser completamente elucidados; nesse contexto se encontra a relação entre a consolidação das memórias e o sono. Nesse trabalho investigamos o papel de parte do sistema dopaminérgico no processo de consolidação de memórias e n...

Dessaturação noturna: preditores e influência no padrão do sono de pacientes portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica com hipoxemia leve em vigília Nocturnal desaturation: predictors and the effect on sleep patterns in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and concomitant mild daytime hypoxemia

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Renata Claudia Zanchet

2006-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar o padrão da oximetria noturna em portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica sem apnéia do sono e com hipoxemia leve em vigília, identificar prováveis parâmetros diurnos capazes de predizer a dessaturação noturna e verificar sua influência no padrão de sono. MÉTODOS: Avaliaram-se 25 pacientes, divididos em dois grupos: com e sem dessaturação noturna. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se o primeiro grupo (52% com o segundo observou-se: idade, 63 ± 5 versus 63 ± 6 anos; volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo, 53 ± 31% versus 56 ± 19% do previsto; relação entre volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e capacidade vital forçada, 49 ± 14% versus 52 ± 10%; pressão parcial de oxigênio no sangue arterial, 68 ± 8mmHg versus 72 ± 68mmHg; saturação arterial de oxigênio, 93 ± 2% versus 94 ± 1%. O grupo com dessaturação noturna apresentou menores valores de saturação arterial de oxigênio diurna e saturação periférica de oxigênio noturna. Não houve diferença no padrão de sono entre os grupos. Houve correlação da relação entre o volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e a capacidade vital forçada, pressão parcial de oxigênio no sangue arterial e saturação arterial de oxigênio diurnas, e saturação periférica de oxigênio no exercício com os níveis de saturação periférica de oxigênio noturna, porém somente a saturação arterial de oxigênio diurna foi preditora da dessaturação noturna. CONCLUSÃO: A única variável capaz de predizer dessaturação noturna foi a saturação arterial de oxigênio diurna. A dessaturação noturna não influencia o padrão de sono de portadores de doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica com hipoxemia diurna leve.OBJECTIVE: To determine the nocturnal oximetry pattern in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients having no sleep apnea and presenting mild daytime hypoxemia, to identify probable daytime parameters capable of

A Escola de Governo: do berço à idade adulta

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FÁBIO KONDER COMPARATO

Full Text Available resumo A Escola de Governo foi criada em São Paulo em 1990, com o objetivo de explicar o mecanismo de funcionamento de nossas instituições políticas. Seu objetivo não é meramente teórico, mas sim prático; ou seja, colaborar para a progressiva correção dos rumos de nossa vida política, em obediência aos princípios fundamentais da República, da Democracia e do Estado de Direito. Para alcançar esse objetivo, os cursos ministrados na Escola focalizam principalmente os dois fatores estruturantes de toda sociedade política; a saber, a estrutura hierarquizada do poder e a mentalidade coletiva dominante. Procura-se mostrar que, desde sempre, tem havido uma dupla vigência do ordenamento jurídico nesse particular: por trás do direito oficial, em geral copiado do estrangeiro e praticamente inaplicado, existe efetivamente um outro direito, todo submetido aos comandos de uma oligarquia binária, composta dos potentados econômicos privados e dos grandes agentes estatais.

Manipulation of Auxin Response Factor 19 affects seed size in the woody perennial Jatropha curcas

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Sun, Yanwei; Wang, Chunming; Wang, Ning; Jiang, Xiyuan; Mao, Huizhu; Zhu, Changxiang; Wen, Fujiang; Wang, Xianghua; Lu, Zhijun; Yue, Genhua; Xu, Zengfu; Ye, Jian

2017-01-01

Seed size is a major determinant of seed yield but few is known about the genetics controlling of seed size in plants. Phytohormones cytokinin and brassinosteroid were known to be involved in the regulation of herbaceous plant seed development. Here we identified a homolog of Auxin Response Factor 19 (JcARF19) from a woody plant Jatropha curcas and genetically demonstrated its functions in controlling seed size and seed yield. Through Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS), we found that JcARF19 was a positive upstream modulator in auxin signaling and may control plant organ size in J. curcas. Importantly, transgenic overexpression of JcARF19 significantly increased seed size and seed yield in plants Arabidopsis thaliana and J. curcas, indicating the importance of auxin pathway in seed yield controlling in dicot plants. Transcripts analysis indicated that ectopic expression of JcARF19 in J. curcas upregulated auxin responsive genes encoding essential regulators in cell differentiation and cytoskeletal dynamics of seed development. Our data suggested the potential of improving seed traits by precisely engineering auxin signaling in woody perennial plants. PMID:28102350

Anti-inflammatory effects of active commuting and leisure time exercise in overweight and obese women and men

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gram, Anne Sofie; Bladbjerg, Else-Marie; Quist, Jonas Salling

2017-01-01

and men. METHODS: We randomized 130 younger (20-45 years), physically inactive, healthy, overweight and obese (BMI: 25-35 kg/m(2)) women and men recruited from the Copenhagen area, Denmark, to either 6 months of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure time exercise......-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), and 90 participants (CON, n = 16; BIKE, n = 19; MOD, n = 31, VIG, n = 24) were included in a per-protocol analysis. RESULTS: We observed lower concentrations of CRP in MOD compared with CON at 6 months (p = 0.013) and within-group decreases in CRP in BIKE (3...... months: p = 0.045) and MOD (3 months: p = 0.061; 6 months: p = 0.038) corresponding to a 30% decrease in BIKE and 19% in MOD from baseline till 6 months. No effects of exercise were observed on fibrinogen, vWF, t-PA, PAI-1 or the t-PA/PAI-1 ratio within or between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings...

MEMÓRIA SOCIAL E INDIVIDUALIZAÇÃO NA TRAJETÓRIA DE ATORES ENGAJADOS EM PROJETOS DE EDUCAÇÃO PATRIMONIAL

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Rodrigo Manoel Dias da Silva

Full Text Available RESUMO: Assumindo a hipótese de Joel Candau acerca da vigência hodierna de processos de individualização e fragmentação das memórias sociais, o presente artigo objetivou analisar as correspondências entre memória social e individualização na trajetória de atores sociais engajados em projetos de educação patrimonial no Brasil. Para tal, mobilizou duas estratégias analíticas. Na primeira, visou sumariar os principais contornos dos processos de individualização na modernidade e suas dimensões institucionais, sob inspiração da abordagem sociológica de Ulrich Beck. Na segunda, a partir de estudo empírico, objetivou analisar a trajetória de um ator envolvido em práticas de educação patrimonial, a fim de examinar a composição das pautas de suas proposições políticas e a suposta individualização de suas intervenções nos municípios em que atua.

Regimes de financiamento, risco crescente do endividamento e fragilidade financeira

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Gilberto Tadeu Lima

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Elabora-se um modelo macroeconômico de curto prazo na tradição pós-keynesiana, no qual a oferta de crédito é endógena e o grau de endividamento das firmas é explicitamente modelado. Relacionam-se as condições de vigência dos regimes minskyanos de financiamento - hedge, especulativo ou Ponzi - não somente ao grau de endividamento e à taxa de juros, mas, inclusive, aos parâmetros da função investimento desejado da firmas e à propensão a poupar dos capitalistas produtivos e financeiros.It is developed a short-run macromodel in the post-keynesian tradition, in which credit supply is endogenous and firms' debt position is explicitly modeled. The conditions under which each one of the minskyan financing regimes will prevail are related not only to the degree of indebtedness and the level of interest rate, but also to the parameters of firms' desired investment function and the saving propensity of productive and financial capitalists.

Identification of the TaBTF3 gene in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and the effect of its silencing on wheat chloroplast, mitochondria and mesophyll cell development.

Science.gov (United States)

Ma, Hong-Zhen; Liu, Guo-Qin; Li, Cheng-Wei; Kang, Guo-Zhang; Guo, Tian-Cai

2012-10-05

The full-length cDNA (882bp) and DNA (1742bp) sequences encoding a basic transcription factor 3, designated as TaBTF3, were first isolated from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Subcellular localization studies revealed that the TaBTF3 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus. In TaBTF3-silenced transgenic wheat seedlings obtained using the Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method, the chlorophyll pigment content was markedly reduced. However, the malonaldehyde (MDA) and H(2)O(2) contents were enhanced, and the structure of the wheat mesophyll cell was seriously damaged. Furthermore, transcripts of the chloroplast- and mitochondrial-encoded genes were significantly reduced in TaBTF3-silenced transgenic wheat plants. These results suggest that the TaBTF3 gene might function in the development of the wheat chloroplast, mitochondria and mesophyll cell. This paper is the first report to describe the involvement of TaBTF3 in maintaining the normal plant mesophyll cell structure. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Subjetidade e subjetividade: uma meditação histórico-ontológica a partir de Heidegger

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Marcos Aurélio Fernandes

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Resumo: este texto apresenta e discute a diferença e a referência entre subjetidade (Subiectität e subjetividade (Subjektivität, segundo o pensamento histórico-ontológico de Martin Heidegger. Expõem-se os modos como aparecem a subjetidade na era da metafísica, de início, do comparecimento do tema do “hypokeímenon” (o subjacente no pensamento dos primeiros pensadores gregos (Heráclito e Parmênides em especial à concepção do ser como “ousía” (vigência, presença, substância, essência em Platão e em Aristóteles. Depois, da concepção da substancialidade no medievo se passa à concreção da subjetidade como subjetividade na modernidade e à sua configuração como sistema. Por fim, expõe-se sobre a nova verdade do ente na época da técnica e a perda do sentido da objetividade e da subjetividade no viger da disponibilidade.

O amante japonês, de Armando Silva Carvalho: sobrevivência ou desaparecimento dos vaga-lumes? DOI - 10.5752/P.2358-3428.2013v17n33p85

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Luis Maffei

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Em 2008, Armando Silva Carvalho publicou um livro intitulado O amante japonês, que encena uma relação cheia de afeto entre um indivíduo e um veículo automotivo. Partindo dessa premissa, os poemas, dotados de alta coesão, problematizam diversas questões fortes em nossa contemporaneidade, como o trato do humano com a máquina e a vigência, em nossas sociedades, da mercadoria como item inexorável e que, cada vez mais, exige uma reflexão em estado de abertura. No mesmo ano de 2008, Georges Didi-Huberman editou Sobrevivência dos vaga-lumes, ensaio no qual reflete acerca das possibilidades de perda ou manutenção de zonas inteligentes de afeto em nosso tempo. Este ensaio propõe-se a ler a obra de Armando Silva Carvalho tendo o texto de Didi-Huberman como interlocutor privilegiado.Palavras-chave: Armando Silva Carvalho. Poesia portuguesa. Corpo x máquina. Georges Didi-Huberman. Contemporaneidade.

The relationship between shift work and sleep patterns in nurses Relação entre trabalho por turnos e padrões de sono em enfermeiros

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Manuel Fernando dos Santos Barbosa

2013-03-01

Full Text Available The scope of this study was to evaluate the sleep/wake cycle in shift work nurses, as well as their sleep quality and chronotype. The sleep/wake cycle was evaluated by keeping a sleep diary for a total of 60 nurses with a mean age of 31.76 years. The Horne & Östberg Questionnaire (1976 for the chronotype and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI for sleep quality were applied. The results revealed a predominance of indifferent chronotypes (65.0%, followed by moderately evening persons (18.3%, decidedly evening persons (8.3%, moderately morning persons (6.6% and decidedly morning persons (1.8%. The sleep quality perception was analyzed by the visual analogical scale, showing a mean score of 5.85 points for nighttime sleep and 4.70 points for daytime sleep, which represented a statistically significant difference. The sleep/wake schedule was also statistically different when considering weekdays and weekends. The PSQI showed a mean of 7.0 points, characterizing poor sleep quality. The results showed poor sleep quality in shift work nurses, possibly due to the lack of sport and shift work habits.Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar o ciclo vigília-sono em enfermeiros que trabalham por turnos, bem como a qualidade do sono e cronótipo. O ciclo vigília-sono foi avaliado através do diário de sono, num total de 60 enfermeiros, com idade média de 31.76 anos. Para o cronótipo utilizou-se o Questionário de Horne e Östberg, de 1976, e para medir a qualidade de sono calculou-se o Índice Qualidade de Sono de Pittsburg (PSQI. Os resultados do cronótipo mostraram uma predominância para tipo indiferente (65.0%, seguido do tipo Moderamente Vespertinos (18.3%, Definitivamente Vespertino (8.3%, Moderadamente Matutinos (6.6% e Definitivamente Matutinos (1.8%. A percepção da qualidade do sono autorreportada pela Escala Analógica Visual (VAS foi de 5.85 pontos, em média, para o sono nocturno e 4.70 para o sono diurno, diferen

Health promotion needs of Hammanskraal families with adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS

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M D Peu

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Health promotion is regarded as the cornerstone of good health. It is the action expected from individuals and families in order to better their own health situation. Health promotion is an art and science (Edelman & Mandle, 2002:16 that is integrated into the primary health care to reduce existing health problems. The purpose of the research on which this article is reporting, was to explore and describe the health promotion needs of families with adolescents orphaned by human immunodeficiency virus or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS. The research was located within a qualitative paradigm that is both exploratory and descriptive. Eight families who were purposely selected participated in the research process. Qualitative methods, such as group interviews and field notes were utilised to collect data. The health promotion needs of the families with adolescents orphaned by HIV/AIDS were explored and described. Tesch’s analysis process, which entails a series of steps, was followed (Creswell, 2003:192. Themes, categories and subcategories that form the central focus of health promotion needs emerged during the data analysis. These themes,categories and subcategories are used to develop guidelines for health promotion. Opsomming Die bevordering van gesondheid is die hoeksteen van gesondheid. Dit is die aksie wat van individue en familie verwag word, sodat hulle hul eie gesondheidstoestand kan verbeter. Die bevordering van gesondheid is ‘n kuns en ‘n wetenskap, wat geïntegreer is in primêre gesondheidsorg, om bestaande gesondheidsprobleme te verminder (Edelman & Mandle, 2002:16. Die doel van die navorsing, waarna in hierdie artikel verwys word, was om uit te vind wat die gesondheidsorgbehoeftes van families, met adolessente wat wees gelaat is as gevolg van menslike immunogebrek virus of verworve immuungebrek sindroom (MIV/VIGS, is, en dit te beskryf. Die navorsing was binne die raamwerk van ‘n kwalitatiewe paradigma, wat

Programs for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities. P.L. 91-230, Title VI-G Formal Final Evaluation. (Statistical Analysis of Data).

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, Philip J.

The paper reports the final evaluation of a program for approximately 143 learning disabled (LD) students (grades 6-to-12) from six school districts. A number of test instruments were used to evaluate student progress during the program, including the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), the Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty, and the…

OPÇÃO PELOS POBRES: LUZ NO ENSINAMENTO SOCIAL DA IGREJA

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. Editorial

1988-01-01

Full Text Available Para comemorar o vigésimo aniversário da Encíclica Populorum Progressio de Paulo VI, o papa João Paulo II escreveu nova encíclica social. Nela pretende retomar e atualizar o ensinamento da encíclica jubilar. A encíclica Populorum Progreçsio, na década de sessenta, colocou- se no caminho aberto pela Mater et Magistra, de João XXIII, quando a Igreja se preocupa, pela primeira vez de maneira explícita, com as desigualdades e o subdesenvolvimento existentes no mundo. O Terceiro Mundo emerge na consciência da Igreja. Esta preocupação estará presente na Constituição Pastoral Gaudium et Spes, do Concilio Vaticano II, e terá a sua formulação mais explícita e lúcida na Populorum Progressio. Daí o impacto que teve citada encíclica, especialmente no Terceiro Mundo e mais especificamente na América Latina. Um ano após a sua publicação realizava-se a II Conferência Episcopal.

Age-related Resistance and the Defense Signaling Pathway of Ph-3 Gene Against Phytophthora infestans in Tomatoes

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Sayed Rashad Ali Shah

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Resistance (R genes against plant pathogens often have age-related resistance (ARR effects. However, the mechanism involved in this phenomenon remains unknown. In this paper, Solanum lycopersicum ‘CLN2037B’ and S. pimpinellifolium ‘L3708’ harboring the Ph-3 gene, as well as S. habrochaites ‘LA2099’, ‘LA1777’ and ‘LA1033’ harboring quantitative trait loci (QTLs, were tested to investigate age-related resistance against late blight (LB; caused by Phytophthora infestans in the three-leaf stage of the plants. The results demonstrated that the QTL-related LB resistance showed the same age-related resistance as the Ph-3-mediated resistance at the six- and nine-leaf stages compared with the three-leaf stage. This indicated that there is a common defense mechanism in tomatoes against P. infestans via ARR. In addition, we combined ethylene (ET, salicylic acid (SA and jasmonic acid (JA mutants with virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS to study the Ph-3-dependent resistance signaling pathway. The results showed that ethylene and salicylic acid, but not jasmonic acid, are involved in the LB resistance mediated by the Ph-3 gene.

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene plays a key role in the quality of corm and yield of cormels in gladiolus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seng, Shanshan; Wu, Jian; Sui, Juanjuan; Wu, Chenyu; Zhong, Xionghui; Liu, Chen; Liu, Chao; Gong, Benhe; Zhang, Fengqin; He, Junna; Yi, Mingfang

2016-01-01

Starch is the main storage compound in underground organs like corms. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in storage organs and is likely one of the most important determinant of sink strength. Here, we identify an AGPase gene (GhAGPS1) from gladiolus. The highest transcriptional levels of GhAGPS1 were observed in cormels and corms. Transformation of GhAGPS1 into Arabidopsis rescued the phenotype of aps1 mutant. Silencing GhAGPS1 in gladiolus corms by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) decreased the transcriptional levels of two genes and starch content. Transmission electron microscopy analyses of leaf and corm sections confirmed that starch biosynthesis was inhibited. Corm weight and cormel number reduced significantly in the silenced plants. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibiting the expression of AGPase gene could impair starch synthesis, which results in the lowered corm quality and cormel yield in gladiolus. -- Highlights: •Cormel quantity was reduced significantly in silenced Gladiolus plants. •Corm quality was declined significantly in silenced Gladiolus plants. •Starch synthesis was inhibited in silenced Gladiolus plants.

Silencing of the SlNAP7 gene influences plastid development and lycopene accumulation in tomato

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Fu, Da-Qi; Meng, Lan-Huan; Zhu, Ben-Zhong; Zhu, Hong-Liang; Yan, Hua-Xue; Luo, Yun-Bo

2016-12-01

Ripening is an important stage of fruit development. To screen the genes associated with pigment formation in tomato fruit, a suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) cDNA library was constructed by using tomato fruit in the green ripe and break ripe stages, and 129 differential genes were obtained. Using redness as a screening marker, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the differential genes was performed with a sprout vacuum-infiltration system (SVI). The results showed that silencing the SlNAP7 gene affected the chloroplast development of tomato leaves, manifesting as a photo-bleaching phenotype, and silenced fruit significantly affected the accumulation of lycopene, manifested as a yellow phenotype. In our study, we found that silencing the SlNAP7 gene downregulates the expression of the POR and PORA genes and destroys the normal development of the chloroplast. The expression of related genes included in the lycopene biosynthesis pathway was not significantly changed, but lycopene accumulation was significantly reduced in tomato fruit. Perhaps it was caused by the destruction of the chromoplast, which leads to the oxidation of lycopene. The results show that the SlNAP7 gene influences chloroplast development and lycopene accumulation in tomato.

Análise econômica da primeira Lei de Patentes brasileira

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Andrea Felippe Cabello

Full Text Available Resumo O Brasil foi um dos primeiros países a ter uma lei de patentes e um dos únicos a conceder prazos de duração da patente de acordo com a qualidade da invenção. Este trabalho analisa um banco de dados inédito com todos os 783 privilégios industriais concedidos sob a vigência da primeira lei de patentes brasileira entre 1830 e 1882. Os resultados mostram que a atividade inventiva esteve conectada à estrutura econômica e social da época e que a escassez de mão de obra incentivou a invenção de máquinas e equipamentos para o setor cafeicultor. O número de patentes apenas começou a se elevar a partir de 1870, quando a economia brasileira passou por grandes mudanças que levaram ao seu desenvolvimento, evidenciando que pouco resultado surge quando se institui uma lei de patentes em um ambiente de estagnação econômica. Mesmo assim, a lei revelou-se o mecanismo menos dispendioso para estimular a atividade inventiva no Brasil do século XIX.

Incidencias de la variabilidad térmica y los tipos de circulación atmosférica sobre el número de casos y la tasa de gripe en la ciudad de Vitoria: unos resultados para la reflexión

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Pablo Fernández de Arróyabe Hernáez

2001-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se sitúa conceptualmente dentro del área de la climatología médica. Trata acerca de la relación existente entre la variabilidad de alta frecuencia experimentada por la temperatura en la ciudad de Vitoria, las situaciones sinópticas diarias y el número de diagnósticos de gripe registrados por la Red de Médicos Vigía de la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco en mencionada localidad. Los resultados obtenidos en este estudio preliminar muestran la existencia de una importante conexión entre los tres factores durante el periodo de expansión de la enfermedad en la ciudad de Vitoria en el otoño - invierno de 1999. Finalmente, se incide en la importancia que esta relación puede tener en el área de la planificación sanitaria de cara a la implantación de métodos de análisis preventivos que faciliten la gestión de los recursos sanitarios en fases expansivas de epidemias gripales

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene plays a key role in the quality of corm and yield of cormels in gladiolus

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seng, Shanshan, E-mail: seshsh108@126.com [Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuan Mingyuan Western Road 2#, Beijing 100193 (China); Wu, Jian [Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuan Mingyuan Western Road 2#, Beijing 100193 (China); Sui, Juanjuan [Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuan Mingyuan Western Road 2#, Beijing 100193 (China); College of Biology, Fuyang Normal College, Qinghe Western Road 100#, Fuyang 236037, Anhui (China); Wu, Chenyu; Zhong, Xionghui; Liu, Chen; Liu, Chao; Gong, Benhe; Zhang, Fengqin; He, Junna [Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuan Mingyuan Western Road 2#, Beijing 100193 (China); Yi, Mingfang, E-mail: ymfang@cau.edu.cn [Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, China Agricultural University, Yuan Mingyuan Western Road 2#, Beijing 100193 (China)

2016-05-20

Starch is the main storage compound in underground organs like corms. ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in storage organs and is likely one of the most important determinant of sink strength. Here, we identify an AGPase gene (GhAGPS1) from gladiolus. The highest transcriptional levels of GhAGPS1 were observed in cormels and corms. Transformation of GhAGPS1 into Arabidopsis rescued the phenotype of aps1 mutant. Silencing GhAGPS1 in gladiolus corms by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) decreased the transcriptional levels of two genes and starch content. Transmission electron microscopy analyses of leaf and corm sections confirmed that starch biosynthesis was inhibited. Corm weight and cormel number reduced significantly in the silenced plants. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibiting the expression of AGPase gene could impair starch synthesis, which results in the lowered corm quality and cormel yield in gladiolus. -- Highlights: •Cormel quantity was reduced significantly in silenced Gladiolus plants. •Corm quality was declined significantly in silenced Gladiolus plants. •Starch synthesis was inhibited in silenced Gladiolus plants.

La Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina por el camino de la ciencia

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Olga Franco Alvarado

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El 15 de enero de 1960,el Comandante en Jefe Fidel Castro Ruz en la celebración del vigésimo aniversario de la Sociedad Espeleológica de Cuba, en la sede actual del Museo Nacional de Historia de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, pronunció un histórico discurso donde esbozó las bases de la política de formación humana y desarrollo profesional y científico de la Revolución. En esa alocución expresó: …”El futuro de nuestro país tiene que ser necesariamente un futuro de hombres de Ciencias, un futuro de hombres de pensamiento”… Por esa razón, cada año esta fecha ha sido escogida para celebrar en la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina el Día de la Ciencia Cubana, donde se exhiben importantes logros del saber en diferentes ramas. Este día se festeja con un amplio programa de actividades, centrado en el legado del recién fallecido líder de la Revolución Fidel Castro, principal artífice de esta disciplina.

Estatuto da Terra: debates políticos e as disputas pela forma da reforma agrária no primeiro governo militar

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Carmem Lúcia Gomes De Salis

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Em plena vigência da ditadura, em 30 de novembro de 1964, foi promulgado pelo governo militar de Humberto Alencar Castello Branco, o Estatuto da Terra, caracterizado enquanto um conjunto de dispositivos legais que definiam, entre outros fatores, o que era propriedade da terra no Brasil, bem como, os instrumentos necessários para se realizar a Reforma Agrária. Embora tenha sido aprovado pelo Congresso ainda no primeiro ano do governo, seu processo de elaboração e tramitação constituiu-se em um período de intensas discussões políticas acerca do alcance e da natureza que esta proposta deveria assumir.  Neste sentido, o presente artigo objetiva compreender as disputas políticas que ocorreram, mesmo sobre o regime de exceção, pela forma da Reforma Agrária. Para essa análise utilizamos, especialmente os discursos parlamentares proferidos nos meses que antecederam a aprovação da lei e as colunas publicadas na grande imprensa, pois essas fontes possibilitam refletir sobre os posicionamentos de diversos agentes envolvidos, como: políticos, associações patronais e o governo.

[Cloning and functional characterization of phytoene desaturase in Andrographis paniculata].

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Qin-qin; Li, Li-xia; Zhan, Peng-lin; Wang, Qiang

2015-10-01

A full-length cDNA of phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene from Andrographis paniculata was obtained through RACE-PCR. The cDNA sequence consists of 2 224 bp with an intact ORF of 1 752 bp (GeneBank: KP982892), encoding a ploypeptide of 584 amino acids. Homology analysis showed that the deduced protein has extensive sequence similarities to PDS from other plants, and contains a conserved NAD ( H) -binding domain of plant dehydrase cofactor binding-domain in N-terminal. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that ApPDS was more related to PDS of Sesamum indicum and Pogostemon cablin. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that ApPDS expressed in whole aboveground tissues with the highest expression in leaves. Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) was performed to characterize the functional of ApPDS in planta. Significant photobleaching was not observed in infiltrated leaves, while the PDS gene has been down-regulated significantly at the yellowish area. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first report of PDS gene cloning and functional characterization from A. paniculata, which lays the foundation for further investigation of new genes, especially that correlative to andrographolide biosynthetic pathway.

C3HC4-type RING finger protein NbZFP1 is involved in growth and fruit development in Nicotiana benthamiana.

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Wenxian Wu

Full Text Available C3HC4-type RING finger proteins constitute a large family in the plant kingdom and play important roles in various physiological processes of plant life. In this study, a C3HC4-type zinc finger gene was isolated from Nicotiana benthamiana. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene encodes a 24-kDa protein with 191 amino acids containing one typical C3HC4-type zinc finger domain; this gene was named NbZFP1. Transient expression of pGDG-NbZFP1 demonstrated that NbZFP1 was localized to the chloroplast, especially in the chloroplasts of cells surrounding leaf stomata. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS analysis indicated that silencing of NbZFP1 hampered fruit development, although the height of the plants was normal. An overexpression construct was then designed and transferred into Nicotiana benthamiana, and PCR and Southern blot showed that the NbZFP1 gene was successfully integrated into the Nicotiana benthamiana genome. The transgenic lines showed typical compactness, with a short internode length and sturdy stems. This is the first report describing the function of a C3HC4-type RING finger protein in tobacco.

Imagens e sentidos no discurso da mídia impressa acerca de uma epidemia de intoxicação ocupacional por benzeno

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Maria Ligia Rangel-S.

2006-06-01

Full Text Available Analisa-se a construção de imagens públicas realizada por quatro jornais de Salvador-Bahia-Brasil, para os diferentes atores sociais envolvidos no debate público, na vigência da epidemia de intoxicação ocupacional pelo benzeno, que afetou trabalhadores do Complexo Petroquímico de Camaçari-Bahia-Brasil (COPEC, durante os anos de 1990 e 1991. Recorre-se ao Interacionismo Simbólico, principalmente a Erving Goffman, um dos mais expressivos sociólogos dessa perspectiva de pesquisa, para a análise do discurso dos jornais, utilizando-se as categorias analíticas "vozes", "arranjo" e "face", em 30% do total de matérias jornalísticas publicadas ao longo de 18 meses. A análise revelou a construção de faces oscilantes, em conflito e dóceis, que decorrem das variações nas dinâmicas com que os atores são dispostos no texto e operam nas notícias. Estas conformam distintas imagens públicas para os trabalhadores petroquímicos, para os empregadores do COPEC e para os representantes governamentais, nos diferentes jornais.

Infestacion domestica por triatoma infestans y prevalencia de seropositivos al Trypanosoma cruzi en un area rural del nordeste argentino

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M. Esther Bar

1996-12-01

Full Text Available Se llevó a cabo un estúdio epidemiológicopara obtener unpanorama general de la transmisión doméstica del Trypanosoma cruzi en áreas rurales del Departamento San Miguel, Conientes, Argentina. Se investigaron 100 viviendas precarias, 50,0% de las mismas resultó infestado por Triatoma infestans y 1,0% por T. sórdida, citãndose por primera vez para la provinda de Comentes la colonización domiciliaria de esta especie. El 23,1% de T. infestans estaba infectado por T. cruzi. La seroprevalencia de 388 pacientes analizados por hemaglutinacíôn indirecta e inmunofluorescencia indirecta fue 23,4%, destacándose el alto índice (12,9% constatado en menores de 10 anos. Losporcentajes de seropositividad aumentaron con la edad, alcanzándose 50,0% de infectados entre los 31-40 anos. La infestación doméstica por T. infestans, la prevalencia humana de seropositivos al T. cruzi y las condiciones deprecariedad en que se desenvuelve la vida de los pobladores revelan la vigência de la endemia chagãsica en el área estudiada.

Trabalho subordinado e qualidade de vida: conciliação impossível

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Giuseppina De Grazia

2013-02-01

Full Text Available O artigo trata da deterioração da condição humana resultante das novas formas de subjugação do trabalho ao capital, a partir de alguns resultados preliminares de pesquisa desenvolvida junto a algumas categorias de trabalhadores na Região Metropolitana doRio de Janeiro. Busca-se aprofundar a investigação em relação às consequências do alastramento de fenômenos que se reproduzem em escala mundial como desemprego, trabalhos parciais e precarizados, concomitantemente a uma brutal intensificação do trabalho em jornadas que se prolongam noite adentro e fins de semana, invadindo e subjugando os demais tempos sociais. As consequências des-trutivas, tanto no que se refere à vida pessoal, à saúde física e mental,como ao conjunto das relações sociais, ao contrário do que afirmamalgumas teorias recentes, reforçam a vigência da centralidade dotrabalho na vida humana. Simultaneamente, porém, atestam a con-tradição insolúvel entre o trabalho subordinado aos interesses do capital e a emancipação humana.

BusVigía: Análisis en tiempo real de la circulación para el control de un Carril-Bus

OpenAIRE

Fernández López, David

2010-01-01

Proyecto Fin de Carrera leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2009/2010. Tutores del Proyecto: Juan Jósé Pantrigo Fernández y Antonio Sanz Montemayor Ciencias de la Computación

Ação do tacrolimus na pancreatite aguda experimental induzida pela arginina

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Marlus Moreira

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar se o tacrolimus administrado em ratos, em vigência de pancreatite induzida pela L-Arginina, interfere nos níveis séricos da amilase e glicose e no padrão histológico do parênquima pancreático. MÉTODOS: quarenta ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em quatro grupos com 10 ratos cada. Grupo controle (C, grupo tacrolimus (T, grupo pancreatite (P e grupo pancreatite-tacrolimus (PT. Foram avaliados os níveis séricos de amilase, glicose e tacrolimus e feitas avaliações histológicas do pâncreas, A indução de pancreatite foi feita pela inoculação de L-Arginina na dose de 500mg/100g de peso corporal por via intraperitoneal e o tratamento com tacrolimus na dose de 1ìg/kg por via subcutânea durante quatro dias. RESULTADOS: a amilasemia estava mais elevada (p=0,0000 nos grupos PT, T e P do que no grupo controle. A média do grupo PT foi maior (p=0,0009 que a do grupo T, mas não diferiu (p=0,6802 da média do grupo P. Entre os grupos P e T não houve diferença (p=0,2568. Não houve diferença nas médias de glicemia entre os grupos (p=0,4920 e os níveis séricos de tacrolimus foram similares nos grupos PT e T (p=0,7112. Não ocorreram alterações histológicas nos grupos T e C e não ocorreu hemorragia no pâncreas dos ratos dos grupos P e PT. No grupo P, em 30% não se observou edema, em 20% observou-se a forma leve e em 50%, a moderada; quanto à infiltração inflamatória, em 80% moderada e em 20% não ocorreu, e a atrofia do parênquima foi de 60% moderada e 40% acentuada. No grupo PT, houve ocorrência de edema, infiltração inflamatória e atrofia do pâncreas em todos os ratos. CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento pelo tacrolimus induziu aumento nos níveis séricos de amilase em ratos normais, não alterou a glicemia nem o padrão histológico do parênquima pancreático. Na vigência de pancreatite induzida pela L-Arginina o tacrolimus induziu edema, infiltração inflamatória e atrofia com maior gravidade no par

Salmonella sp. bacteriology monitoring in laying hens at different growing and laying periods from poultry farms in Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza Monitoramento bacteriológico para Salmonella sp. em poedeira comercial em diferentes fases de recria e produção de empresas avícolas da Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza

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Emanuella Evangelista da Silva

2008-07-01

Full Text Available

This work aimed to verify Salmonella occurrence in laying hen flocks from eight poultry farms in Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza city. Swab collections were performed in transport boxes of day-old-chicks, totaling 40 feces samples (5 samples/flock, which presented no Salmonella contamination. Bacterial analyses from a pool of feces were performed in the same flocks at 10, 20, 30 and 40 weeks of age. Salmonella enterica rough strain and Salmonella Newport were found in two flocks at 20 and 40 weeks of age, respectively. These results suggest that the birds were infected with Salmonella after their arrival in the poultry farms. It was verified that 25% of the poultry farms presented positive feces samples for Salmonella contamination, indicating the need for a more efficacious preventive program in the poultry farms for egg production. This work suggests that day old birds were of Salmonella contamination which indicates no vertical Salmonella transmission, however the rearing phase present failures regarding bacterial control.

KEY WORDS: Bacteriology, chickens, eggs, feces, Salmonella.

Functional and Promoter Analysis of ChiIV3, a Chitinase of Pepper Plant, in Response to Phytophthora capsici Infection.

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zhiqin; Shi, Lanping; Yang, Sheng; Lin, Youquan; Weng, Yahong; Li, Xia; Hussain, Ansar; Noman, Ali; He, Shuilin

2017-08-01

Despite the involvement of many members of the chitinase family in plant immunity, the precise functions of the majority of the members remain poorly understood. Herein, the gene ChiIV3 in Capsicum annuum encoding a chitinase protein containing a chitin binding domain and targeting to the plasma membrane was found to be induced by Phytophthora capsici inoculation (PCI) and applied chitin treatment. Besides its direct inhibitory effect on growth of Phytophthora capsici ( P. capsici ), ChiIV3 was also found by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transient overexpression (TOE) in pepper plants to act as a positive regulator of plant cell death and in triggering defense signaling and upregulation of PR (pathogenesis related) genes against PCI. A 5' deletion assay revealed that pChiIV3 -712 to -459 bp was found to be sufficient for ChiIV3' response to PCI. Furthermore, a mutation assay indicated that W-box -466 to -461 bp in pChiIV3 -712 to -459 bp was noted to be the PCI-responsible element. These results collectively suggest that ChiIV3 acts as a likely antifungal protein and as a receptor for unidentified chitin in planta to trigger cell death and defense signaling against PCI.

Transient plant transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Principles, methods and applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Krenek, Pavel; Samajova, Olga; Luptovciak, Ivan; Doskocilova, Anna; Komis, George; Samaj, Jozef

2015-11-01

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used as a versatile tool for development of stably transformed model plants and crops. However, the development of Agrobacterium based transient plant transformation methods attracted substantial attention in recent years. Transient transformation methods offer several applications advancing stable transformations such as rapid and scalable recombinant protein production and in planta functional genomics studies. Herein, we highlight Agrobacterium and plant genetics factors affecting transfer of T-DNA from Agrobacterium into the plant cell nucleus and subsequent transient transgene expression. We also review recent methods concerning Agrobacterium mediated transient transformation of model plants and crops and outline key physical, physiological and genetic factors leading to their successful establishment. Of interest are especially Agrobacterium based reverse genetics studies in economically important crops relying on use of RNA interference (RNAi) or virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. The applications of Agrobacterium based transient plant transformation technology in biotech industry are presented in thorough detail. These involve production of recombinant proteins (plantibodies, vaccines and therapeutics) and effectoromics-assisted breeding of late blight resistance in potato. In addition, we also discuss biotechnological potential of recombinant GFP technology and present own examples of successful Agrobacterium mediated transient plant transformations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Granuloma eosinófilo da coluna cervical com manifestação neurológica, liquorica e radiológica atípica

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Umbertina Conti Reed

1975-06-01

Full Text Available É relatado um caso de granuloma eosinófilo da coluna cervical em menino branco de 10 anos de idade que apresentava dor cervical na altura de C5-C6, hemiparesia direita que evoluiu ulteriormente para tetraparesia, mista, de tipo motonêuronio inferior para membros superiores e de tipo motonêuronio superior para membros inferiores. O exame do líquido cefalorraquano (LCR revelou alterações de tipo inflamatório. Radiografias da coluna cervical mostravam apenas aspecto irregular da apófise espinhosa de C6 com rarefação na base. Houve acentuada e rápida melhora do quadro neurológico e normalização do LCR na vigência de córticoterapia e, reagravamento da sintomatologia neurológica bem como das alterações no LCR após supressão da referida medicação. A biópsia do processo espinhoso da sexta vértebra cervical revelou tratar-se de granuloma eosinófilo. A evolução foi excelente após radioterapia local associada a corticosteróides. São discutidas as características do caso e daqueles referidos na literatura.

Simples Nacional no Brasil: o difícil balanço entre estímulos às pequenas empresas e aos gastos tributários

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Nelson Leitão Paes

2014-12-01

Full Text Available As microempresas e as pequenas empresas (MPEs brasileiras possuem alta representatividade na economia, principalmente no tocante à oferta de empregos. Trata-se de um grupo expressivo e que apresenta uma série de singularidades no que diz respeito à tributação. Em razão de serem pequenas, elas podem incorrer em custos econômicos superiores ao das maiores empresas. Nesse sentido, muitos países têm buscado criar mecanismos específicos de apoio às MPEs. Com o Simples Nacional, o Brasil concedeu uma série de benefícios fiscais e simplificações administrativas para as microempresas e as pequenas empresas. A arrecadação do Simples Nacional cresceu a taxas muito superiores a de todos os demais tributos, tendo sido três vezes maior do que a taxa real de crescimento de toda a arrecadação. O valor arrecadado por estabelecimento cresceu expressivamente durante a vigência do Simples Nacional, corroborando a evidência de que houve forte crescimento das empresas optantes pelo novo regime. O crescimento da arrecadação trouxe como contrapartida o incremento das renúncias fiscais, que cresceram a taxas ainda maiores do que o aumento da arrecadação.

Avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana de antissépticos e desinfetantes utilizados em um serviço público de saúde

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Lúcia Margarete dos Reis

2011-10-01

Full Text Available O estudo teve como objetivo determinar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana de antissépticos e desinfetantes utilizados no serviço de atenção primária à saúde de uma cidade do norte do Paraná, utilizando microrganismos padronizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Para tanto, foram realizadas análises da atividade antimicrobiana e da estabilidade química de três diferentes antissépticos e um desinfetante utilizados no serviço de atenção primária à saúde. A partir das análises realizadas no primeiro, sétimo, décimo quarto e vigésimo primeiro dias, após a abertura dos frascos, verificou-se que as amostras mantiveram sua atividade antimicrobiana in vitro em relação às cepas padronizadas, evidenciadas pela ausência de crescimento de unidades formadoras de colônias e estabilidade química dos princípios ativos dos antissépticos. O estudo permitiu verificar a eficácia das amostras frente a análises microbiológicas in vitro utilizando microrganismos padronizados.

Stabilization of Fermi level via electronic excitation in Sn doped CdO thin films

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Arkaprava; Singh, Fouran

2018-04-01

Pure and Sn doped CdO sol-gel derived thin films were deposited on corning glass substrate and further irradiated by swift heavy ion (SHI) (Ag and O) with fluence upto 3×1013 ions/cm2. The observed tensile stress from X-ray diffraction pattern at higher fluence for Ag ions can be corroborated to the imbrications of cylindrical tracks due to multiple impacts. The anomalous band gap enhancement after irradiation may be attributed to the consolidated effect of Burstein-Moss shift (BMS) and impurity induced virtual gap states (ViGs). At higher excitation density as Fermi stabilization level (EFS) tends to coincide with charge neutrality level (CNL), band gap enhancement saturates as further creation of additional defects inside the lattice becomes unsustainable. Raman spectroscopy divulges an intensity enhancement of 478 cm-1 LO phonon mode with Sn doping and irradiation induces further asymmetric peak broadening due to damage and disordering inside the lattice. However for 3% Sn doped thin film irradiated with Ag ions having 3×1013 fluence shows a drastic change in structural properties and reduction in band gap which might be attributed to the generation of localized energy levels between conduction and valance band due to high density of defects.

Análises morfométricas de quatro espécies de Scolelepis (Annelida: Spionidae no litoral do Brasil

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Marcelo B. Rocha

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Características morfológicas de quatro espécies de Scolelepis De Blainville, 1828 foram analisadas utilizando-se análise morfométrica com o ojetivo foi avaliar se essas espécies podem ser discriminadas através da utilização de dados morfométricos. Além disso, foram fornecidos novos caracteres que possam ser utilizados para uma reavaliação da taxonomia do gênero. A análise baseada nas variáveis canônicas revelou que S. chilensis, S. goodbodyi e S. squamata são mais similares entre si, quanto a forma, do que com S. acuta. Os caracteres mais significativos para a discriminação das quatro espécies foram o comprimento da brânquia, o comprimento da base do palpo até o vigésimo setígero, o comprimento e a largura do prostômio e a largura e o comprimento do setígero 5 e 20. Destes, destacam-se o formato das brânquias e do prostômio, pois vem sendo utilizados como caracteres diagnósticos em estudos taxonômicos do gênero.

A relação linguagem, pensamento e ação na microgênese das funções psíquicas superiores

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Jairo Werner

2015-04-01

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar, de forma concreta, a mediação da fala na constituição das funções psíquicas superiores do sujeito, buscando articular autores da vertente histórico-cultural, como Vigotski,1 com a perspectiva metodológica de Heloisa Marinho, pesquisadora brasileira que centrou na linguagem sua contribuição pioneira no âmbito do desenvolvimento infantil. A metodologia utilizada fundamentou-se no estudo da relação oral-gráfica (MARINHO; WERNER, 1982, em amostra constituída por três mil crianças, foi realizada a análise microgenética-indiciária (WERNER, 1999, 2001 da atividade gráfica de menino de dois anos de idade cronológica, oriundo da creche UFF. Como resultado, foi possível ilustrar como, na vigência de processo de interação-interlocução adulto-criança e criança-crianças, ocorrem transformações qualitativas nas funções psíquicas (microgênese, nas quais a mediação, por meio dos signos da linguagem (mediação semiótica, reveste-se de papel fundante e constitutivo.

Gladiolus hybridus ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 5 (GhABI5 is an important transcription factor in ABA signaling that can enhance Gladiolus corm dormancy and Arabidopsis seed dormancy.

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Jian eWu

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA regulates plant development and is crucial for abiotic stress response. In this study, cold storage contributes to reducing endogenous ABA content, resulting in dormancy breaking of Gladiolus. The ABA inhibitor fluridone also promotes germination, suggesting that ABA is an important hormone that regulates corm dormancy. Here, we report the identification and functional characterization of the Gladiolus ABI5 homolog (GhABI5, which is a basic leucine zipper motif transcriptional factor (TF. GhABI5 is expressed in dormant vegetative organs (corm, cormel and stolon as well as in reproductive organs (stamen, and it is up-regulated by ABA or drought. Complementation analysis reveals that GhABI5 rescues the ABA insensitivity of abi5-3 during seed germination and induces the expression of downstream ABA response genes in Arabidopsis thaliana (EM1, EM6 and RD29B. Down-regulation of GhABI5 in dormant cormels via Virus Induced Gene Silence (VIGS promotes sprouting and reduces the expression of downstream genes (GhLEA and GhRD29B. The results of this study reveal that GhABI5 regulates bud dormancy (vegetative organ in Gladiolus in addition to its well-studied function in Arabidopsis seeds (reproductive organ.

Educação e ideologia tecnocrática na ditadura militar

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Amarilio Ferreira Jr.

Full Text Available O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a ideologia tecnocrática subjacente à educação brasileira durante a vigência da ditadura militar (1964-1985. Adotamos a premissa segundo a qual as reformas educacionais implementadas após 1964 ficaram marcadas tanto pelo modelo de modernização autoritária do capitalismo brasileiro adotado a partir de 1964, quanto pela teoria econômica do "capital humano". A propaganda ufanista, que tinha como lema o "Brasil Grande Potência", gerado pela "eficiência técnica" aplicada na forma de administrar o Estado e as suas empresas, também teve os seus corolários ideológicos no âmbito da própria política educacional levada à prática após a reforma universitária de 1968 e a reforma da educação de 1º e 2º graus de 1971. Assim, o sistema nacional de educação que emergiu com as reformas da ditadura militar foi marcado pela ideologia tecnocrática, que propugnava uma concepção pedagógica autoritária e produtivista na relação entre educação e mundo do trabalho.

TURISMO E EMPREENDEDORISMO: Projeto Aprender para Empreender Goiás

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Christianne Viana Ferreira Paiva Gonzaga

2017-11-01

Full Text Available O projeto Aprender para Empreender Goiás foi criado pelos acadêmicos do curso de Turismo, em conjunto com a professora orientadora, em fevereiro de 2017, para atender à disciplina de Empreendedorismo. A vigência do projeto é de um semestre. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo utilizar o projeto como um instrumento de análise para os acadêmicos do quinto período do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Gestão de Turismo da Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Cora Coralina em Goiás. Foi possível no decorrer da observação prática do projeto promover a aproximação entre acadêmicos e empresários do ramo do turismo para possibilitar trocas de saberes e experiências. Como recurso metodológico a observação participante durante as etapas do projeto que ocorreu entre fevereiro e março do corrente ano, possibilitou a realização da pesquisa e o levantamento dos dados aqui apresentados. Para a compreensão sobre a relação turismo e empreendedorismo, autores como Chiavenato (2012; Dolabela (1999; Carneiro (2010, entre outros, foram fundamentais.

Juventude e Gestão Social: um relato das práticas desenvolvidas pelo Projeto Gestão Social nas escolas na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte (CE

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Waléria Maria Menezes Morais de Alencar

2015-12-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2015v17nespp197 O Projeto Gestão Social nas Escolas é uma iniciativa do Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Estudos em Gestão Social (LIEGS da Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA, cujo objetivo é fomentar, nos espaços escolares, práticas que estimulem o senso de coletividade e a participação social. A finalidade deste estudo é demonstrar como é possível contemplar os aportes teóricos da Gestão Social nas práticas pedagógicas. Esse projeto entrou em vigência em 2011 e perdura até os dias de hoje, tendo, como público-alvo, jovens de duas escolas públicas de ensino médio da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte. O presente trabalho consiste no relato das práticas ali realizadas e dos resultados percebidos no processo. Foi possível observar que, apesar das resistências iniciais, os jovens participaram de forma ativa do processo e conseguiram desenvolver aspectos importantes em suas vidas, como a autonomia, a noção de pertencimento territorial e a cooperação.

Necessidades em saúde segundo percepções de pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar

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Paula Hino

Full Text Available O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções sobre necessidades em saúde de pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido no distrito administrativo Capão Redondo, São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados em janeiro de 2010 por meio de entrevista semidiretiva. Foram entrevistadas onze pessoas em tratamento contra tuberculose, com idade mínima de 18 anos e sem limites de cognição. O material empírico foi decodificado a partir de técnica de análise de discurso. As percepções sobre necessidades em saúde estão relacionadas às dificuldades enfrentadas no processo saúde-doença, e o reconhecimento das necessidades em saúde mostrou-se condicionado à vigência do agravo à saúde. As necessidades identificadas decorrem de alterações biológicas, do cotidiano e de insuficiências no processo de produção dos serviços de saúde. A qualidade da assistência às pessoas com tuberculose está, entre outros fatores, condicionada à identificação e ao atendimento de suas necessidades em saúde.

[Epidemiology of accidents in a cohort of adults over 64 years old in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country].

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de Castro, Visitación; Mokoroa, Olatz; Artieda, Juncal; Muniozguren, Nerea; Etxebarriarteun, Larraitz; Alvarez, Lorea; Garcia Calabuig, Miguel Angel

2015-01-01

Accidents represent a significant health problem for elderly people. The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of accidents in over-64-year-olds in the Basque Country population, and to describe the clinical-epidemiological features leading to them. This was a prospective cohort study of 15,192 non-institutionalised individuals over 64 years of age, conducted under the auspices of the Basque Sentinel Practice Network (Red Vigía) over one year. A questionnaire was completed for each accident. The rates and risks of accidents were calculated by sex and age group of the individuals who had the accidents. The rates of accidents were 46.52 and 81.87 per 1000 men and women, respectively. The most common type of accident was a fall (92%), and the most severe injuries were fractures (17%), with the risk of an accident being significantly higher in women and in the over-75-year-olds. These data reflect the scale of accidents in over-64-year-olds in the Basque Country. The most frequent accident was the fall, which represents a dramatic event among the elderly, being one of the main causes of injury, disability and institutionalisation among this population group. Copyright © 2014 SEGG. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Bruxismo e qualidade de vida = Bruxism and life quality

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Pereira, Rafaelle Pessoa Alves

2006-01-01

Full Text Available O bruxismo é caracterizado pelo ato parafuncional de apertar ou ranger dos dentes, que pode ocorrer de maneira consciente ou inconsciente, durante o sono ou em vigília. Fatores psicossociais, os distúrbios do sono, o uso crônico de drogas de ação central, desarmonias oclusais e distúrbios na via neuronal dopaminérgica são comumente considerados na sua gênese. Por ser de etiologia complexa e ainda obscura, é impossível estabelecer um tratamento padrão para todos os pacientes. Entretanto, medidas importantes baseadas na educação do paciente, controle consciente do bruxismo, melhora na qualidade do sono e terapias de suporte podem ter sucesso no controle da parafunção e resolução da maioria dos sintomas. O presente trabalho retrata os mais prováveis fatores desencadeantes do bruxismo hoje conhecidos, desconsiderando antigos conceitos, e expõe as alternativas terapêuticas disponíveis. Os autores deste trabalho concluem que ainda é impossível garantir a cura total, contudo o controle da parafunção com ênfase na conscientização e na melhora da qualidade de vida parece ser a abordagem mais prudente para o bruxismo

Two showy traits, scent emission and pigmentation, are finely coregulated by the MYB transcription factor PH4 in petunia flowers.

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Cna'ani, Alon; Spitzer-Rimon, Ben; Ravid, Jasmin; Farhi, Moran; Masci, Tania; Aravena-Calvo, Javiera; Ovadis, Marianna; Vainstein, Alexander

2015-11-01

The mechanism underlying the emission of phenylpropanoid volatiles is poorly understood. Here, we reveal the involvement of PH4, a petunia MYB-R2R3 transcription factor previously studied for its role in vacuolar acidification, in floral volatile emission. We used the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach to knock down PH4 expression in petunia, measured volatile emission and internal pool sizes by GC-MS, and analyzed transcript abundances of scent-related phenylpropanoid genes in flowers. Silencing of PH4 resulted in a marked decrease in floral phenylpropanoid volatile emission, with a concurrent increase in internal pool levels. Expression of scent-related phenylpropanoid genes was not affected. To identify putative scent-related targets of PH4, we silenced PH5, a tonoplast-localized H(+) -ATPase that maintains vacuolar pH homeostasis. Suppression of PH5 did not yield the reduced-emission phenotype, suggesting that PH4 does not operate in the context of floral scent through regulation of vacuolar pH. We conclude that PH4 is a key floral regulator that integrates volatile production and emission processes and interconnects two essential floral traits - color and scent. © 2015 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.

Alcances en materia jurídico electoral de la recién promulgada Ley 9379 para la promoción de la Autonomía Personal de las Personas con Discapacidad: Un análisis de la función cuasi legislativa del Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones

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Lucía Soto Chacón

2018-01-01

Full Text Available En el marco del vigésimo aniversario de la promulgación de la Ley 7600, y habiéndose cumplido ocho años desde la ratificación de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad por parte del Estado costarricense, se promulgó en agosto de 2016 la ley 9379 para la Promoción de la Autonomía Personal de las Personas con Discapacidad. Esta norma busca dotar de asistentes personales y apoyo legal a aquellos sujetos con diversidad funcional cuya situación económica no les permite acceder a tales servicios. Además, estatuye la anulación de los regímenes de “Interdicción”, “Insania” y “Nombramiento de Curador” dispuestos en los códices civiles y de familia. Así, la Ley 9379 aboga por la recuperación de la capacidad de actuar de estos individuos, con lo que recobran aquellos derechos personales que habían perdido con su inhabilitación. Entre tales prerrogativas está el derecho al sufragio activo, en razón de lo cual se manda a reinscribir al Padrón Electoral a quienes fueron segregados en cumplimiento de una sentencia civil.

Tomato SlRbohB, a member of the NADPH oxidase family, is required for disease resistance against Botrytis cinerea and tolerance to drought stress

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Xiaohui eLi

2015-06-01

Full Text Available NADPH oxidases (also known as respiratory burst oxidase homologues, Rbohs are the enzymes that catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS in plants. In the present study, eight SlRboh genes were identified in tomato and their possible involvement in resistance to Botrytis cinerea and drought tolerance was examined. Expression of SlRbohs was induced by B. cinerea and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato but displayed distinct patterns. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS-based silencing of SlRbohB resulted in reduced resistance to B. cinerea but silencing of each of other SlRbohs did not affect the resistance. The SlRbohB-silenced plants accumulated more ROS and attenuated expression of defense genes after infection of B. cinerea than the nonsilenced plants. Silencing of SlRbohB also suppressed flg22-induced ROS burst and the expression of SlLrr22, a marker gene related to PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI. Transient expression of SlRbohB in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlRbohB resulted in decreased drought tolerance, accelerated water loss in leaves and altered expression of drought-responsive genes. Our data demonstrate that SlRbohB positively regulates the resistance to B. cinerea, flg22-induced PTI and drought tolerance in tomato.

Fasceíte necrotizante da mama: relato de caso Necrotizing fasciitis of the breast: case report

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Marco Aurélio da Costa Silva

1998-05-01

Full Text Available É apresentado um caso de fasceíte necrotizante, na mama, em uma paciente de 68 anos que foi submetida à excisão de um volumoso lipoma mamário e evoluiu com infecção local agressiva, apresentando necrose extensa do parênquima da mama e de suas fáscias, além da pele, quadro este que caracteriza as fasceítes. O trabalho chama a atenção para a gravidade da entidade e a dificuldade diagnóstica, em razão do comprometimento cutâneo mais tardio e menos extenso; enfatiza-se a necessidade de afastar tal diagnóstico na vigência de infecções mamárias, assim como ter uma abordagem precoce e agressiva na presença de um quadro de fasceíte necrotizante mamária.A case of postsurgical necrotizing fasciitis is presented. A 68-year-old female patient was submitted to a lumpectomy for a big breast lipoma. After surgen there was an aggressive local infection, with extensive necrosis of the breast tissue, including the superficial and deep fasciae and also the skin over the breast. The gravity of the disease and the difficulties in its diagnosis due to the late skin necrosis are emphasized. Under such circunstances an early and aggressive approach is necessary.

A prescrição tributária nos tributos sujeitos a homologação

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Nedson Fernandes Brilhante da Silva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available A prescrição tributária, objeto deste trabalho, tem como fundamento legal o artigo 174 do Código Tributário Nacional e, por conta disto, à guisa do que muitos imaginam,possui regras e natureza jurídica própria que lhe distingue da prescrição civil. A pesquisa segue como sendo descritiva quanto aos objetivos, quanto aos procedimentos bibliográfico e documental, numa abordagem qualitativa e embasamento teórico.Sendo ainda de método dedutivo se fazendo análise do conteúdo.Assim, conclui-se que toda a celeuma jurídica que envolvia otema prescrição tributária, em tributos sujeitos a homologação,somente ficou superada a partir de 04 de agosto de 2011,oportunidade em que o Supremo Tribunal Federal proferiu decisão, nos autos do Recurso Extraordinário nº. 556.621,submetido ao regime de repercussão geral, firmando o entendimento de que o prazo prescricional quinquenal tão somente deve ser aplicado às ações ajuizadas após a entrada em vigor da LC n. 118/2005, e não aos valores indevidamente recolhidos antes de sua vigência da referida lei, conforme o STJ vinha concluindo.

M-type thioredoxins are involved in the xanthophyll cycle and proton motive force to alter NPQ under low-light conditions in Arabidopsis.

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Da, Qingen; Sun, Ting; Wang, Menglong; Jin, Honglei; Li, Mengshu; Feng, Dongru; Wang, Jinfa; Wang, Hong-Bin; Liu, Bing

2018-02-01

M-type thioredoxins are required to regulate zeaxanthin epoxidase activity and to maintain the steady-state level of the proton motive force, thereby influencing NPQ properties under low-light conditions in Arabidopsis. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) helps protect photosynthetic organisms from photooxidative damage via the non-radiative dissipation of energy as heat. Energy-dependent quenching (qE) is a major constituent of NPQ. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of qE is not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the m-type thioredoxins TRX-m1, TRX-m2, and TRX-m4 (TRX-ms) interact with the xanthophyll cycle enzyme zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE) and are required for maintaining the redox-dependent stabilization of ZE by regulating its intermolecular disulfide bridges. Reduced ZE activity and accumulated zeaxanthin levels were observed under TRX-ms deficiency. Furthermore, concurrent deficiency of TRX-ms resulted in a significant increase in proton motive force (pmf) and acidification of the thylakoid lumen under low irradiance, perhaps due to the significantly reduced ATP synthase activity under TRX-ms deficiency. The increased pmf, combined with acidification of the thylakoid lumen and the accumulation of zeaxanthin, ultimately contribute to the elevated stable qE in VIGS-TRX-m2m4/m1 plants under low-light conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that TRX-ms are involved in regulating NPQ-dependent photoprotection in Arabidopsis.

Functional molecular markers for crop improvement.

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Kage, Udaykumar; Kumar, Arun; Dhokane, Dhananjay; Karre, Shailesh; Kushalappa, Ajjamada C

2016-10-01

A tremendous decline in cultivable land and resources and a huge increase in food demand calls for immediate attention to crop improvement. Though molecular plant breeding serves as a viable solution and is considered as "foundation for twenty-first century crop improvement", a major stumbling block for crop improvement is the availability of a limited functional gene pool for cereal crops. Advancement in the next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies integrated with tools like metabolomics, proteomics and association mapping studies have facilitated the identification of candidate genes, their allelic variants and opened new avenues to accelerate crop improvement through development and use of functional molecular markers (FMMs). The FMMs are developed from the sequence polymorphisms present within functional gene(s) which are associated with phenotypic trait variations. Since FMMs obviate the problems associated with random DNA markers, these are considered as "the holy grail" of plant breeders who employ targeted marker assisted selections (MAS) for crop improvement. This review article attempts to consider the current resources and novel methods such as metabolomics, proteomics and association studies for the identification of candidate genes and their validation through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for the development of FMMs. A number of examples where the FMMs have been developed and used for the improvement of cereal crops for agronomic, food quality, disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance traits have been considered.

Efeitos Entrincheramento e Alinhamento e Informatividade dos Lucros Contabeis: estudo comparativos

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Antonio Carlos Coelho

2017-08-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da pesquisa consiste em analisar se efeitos decorrentes de estrutura de propriedade concentrada predominam na forma de entrincheiramento ou de alinhamento para o atributo de informatividade do lucro, condicionado à presença de padrão contábil baseado em princípios. Foi utilizada amostra de empresas listadas na BM&FBovespa considerando o período de 2008 a 2014. Sarlo Neto et al. (2010 exploraram o tema em pesquisa similar, que fundamenta e se compara neste estudo. Aplicaram-se modelos baseados em Easton e Harris (1991 associando informatividade com concentração de votos em posse do maior acionista e indicador de divergência entre direitos do maior acionista (fluxo de caixa e voto. Os dados foram coletados nos sistemas Economática® e SInC® e processados por regressões com estimação com dados em painel. Sob a hipótese de interferência dos efeitos estudados na informatividade dos lucros, evidenciou-se que há: persistência do coeficiente lucro/retorno indicando significante informatividade dos lucros e influência do efeito entrincheiramento na informatividade, não se rejeitando a hipótese. Ademais, a informatividade apresentou-se mais efetiva na vigência do padrão contábil IFRS.

PhCESA3 silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia.

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Yang, Weiyuan; Cai, Yuanping; Hu, Li; Wei, Qian; Chen, Guoju; Bai, Mei; Wu, Hong; Liu, Juanxu; Yu, Yixun

2017-02-02

Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CESAs) play important roles in plant growth, development and disease resistance. Previous studies have shown an essential role of Arabidopsis thaliana CESA3 in plant growth. However, little is known about the role of CESA3 in species other than A. thaliana. To gain a better understanding of CESA3, the petunia (Petunia hybrida) PhCESA3 gene was isolated, and the role of PhCESA3 in plant growth was analyzed in a wide range of plants. PhCESA3 mRNA was present at varying levels in tissues examined. VIGS-mediated PhCESA3 silencing resulted in dwarfing of plant height, which was consistent with the phenotype of the A. thaliana rsw1 mutant (a temperature-sensitive allele of AtCESA1), the A. thaliana cev1 mutant (the AtCESA3 mild mutant), and the antisense AtCESA3 line. However, PhCESA3 silencing led to swollen stems, pedicels, filaments, styles and epidermal hairs as well as thickened leaves and corollas, which were not observed in the A. thaliana cev1 mutant, the rsw1 mutant and the antisense AtCESA3 line. Further micrographs showed that PhCESA3 silencing reduced the length and increased the width of cells, suggesting that PhCESA3 silencing inhibits elongation and stimulates radial expansion in petunia.

The impact of exercise intensity on whole body and adipose tissue metabolism during energy restriction in sedentary overweight men and postmenopausal women.

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Walhin, Jean-Philippe; Dixon, Natalie C; Betts, James A; Thompson, Dylan

2016-12-01

This study aimed to establish whether vigorous-intensity exercise offers additional adipose-related health benefits and metabolic improvements compared to energy-matched moderate-intensity exercise. Thirty-eight sedentary overweight men (n = 24) and postmenopausal women (n = 14) aged 52 ± 5 years (mean ± standard deviations [SD]) were prescribed a 3-week energy deficit (29302 kJ∙week -1 ) achieved by increased isocaloric moderate or vigorous-intensity exercise (+8372 kJ∙week -1 ) and simultaneous restricted energy intake (-20930 kJ∙week -1 ). Participants were randomly assigned to either an energy-matched vigorous (VIG; n = 18) or moderate (MOD; n = 20) intensity exercise group (five times per week at 70% or 50% maximal oxygen uptake, respectively). At baseline and follow-up, fasted blood samples and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained and oral glucose tolerance tests conducted. Body mass was reduced similarly in both groups (∆ 2.4 ± 1.1 kg and ∆ 2.4 ± 1.4 kg, respectively, P restriction provide broadly similar (positive) changes in metabolic control and adipose tissue gene expression. © 2016 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society.

OS CENTROS LOGÍSTICOS E INDUSTRIAIS ADUANEIROS E A INTEGRAÇÃO TERRITORIAL NO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

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Lucas Ferreira Rosa Penha

2009-12-01

Full Text Available De agosto a dezembro de 2006 esteve em vigência uma medida provisória que alterava os procedimentos de criação de estações aduaneiras em zona secundária (portos secos e criava, assim, uma nova categoria de recinto aduaneiro: o Centro Logístico e Industrial Aduaneiro (CLIA. São armazéns alfandegados onde se realizam os procedimentos de desembaraço aduaneiro na importação e exportação de mercadorias, entretanto, não estão localizados nas zonas de portos e aeroportos (zona primária. A medida estabeleu uma “liberalização” do setor ao transferir a iniciativa da criação destes recintos à esfera privada quando até então era de encargo exclusivo da Receita Federal, por meio de processos licitatórios. Trata-se de objetos geográficos com densidades técnicas e normativas que firmam-se como alternativa aos portos e aeroportos para os procedimentos de desembaraço aduaneiro. O presente trabalho pretende entender as implicações territoriais destas novas estruturas no estado de São Paulo, em um período caracterizado pela dispersão e dissolução do processo produtivo e pela crescente importância da circulação dentro deste.

Planos diretores e os dilemas da governança urbana no Brasil = Master plans and the dilemmas of urban governance in Brazil

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Lima, Antônia Jesuíta de

2012-01-01

Full Text Available O presente artigo aborda a temática da governança urbana e discute a inserção da sociedade civil na formulação de políticas públicas a partir da análise da experiência de elaboração do Plano Diretor de Teresina/PI, o qual foi ungido sob o discurso da participação. Intitulado de Agenda 2015, o novo Plano Diretor surge 14 anos após a edição do primeiro conjunto de leis de regulação urbanística e num contexto de vigência da nova carta constitucional e do Estatuto da Cidade (BRASIL, 2001. Com efeito, nasce sob o signo da descentralização e da participação. Mas, a análise permitiu concluir que o processo caracterizou-se por uma metodologia que inibiu o envolvimento dos setores populares no processo, ficando restrito aos agentes estatais e especialistas, o que leva à ponderação de Dagnino (2002, segundo a qual uma gestão que, de fato, incorpore a noção de participação como partilha do poder decisório, tem sido um desafio para a sociedade e o poder público

A novel F-box protein CaF-box is involved in responses to plant hormones and abiotic stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).

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Chen, Rugang; Guo, Weili; Yin, Yanxu; Gong, Zhen-Hui

2014-02-10

The F-box protein family is characterized by an F-box motif that has been shown to play an important role in regulating various developmental processes and stress responses. In this study, a novel F-box-containing gene was isolated from leaves of pepper cultivar P70 (Capsicum annuum L.) and designated CaF-box. The full-length cDNA is 2088 bp and contains an open reading frame of 1914 bp encoding a putative polypeptide of 638 amino acids with a mass of 67.8 kDa. CaF-box was expressed predominantly in stems and seeds, and the transcript was markedly upregulated in response to cold stress, abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatment, and downregulated under osmotic and heavy metal stress. CaF-box expression was dramatically affected by salt stress, and was rapidly increased for the first hour, then sharply decreased thereafter. In order to further assess the role of CaF-box in the defense response to abiotic stress, a loss-of-function experiment in pepper plants was performed using a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique. Measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and electrolyte leakage revealed stronger lipid peroxidation and cell death in the CaF-box-silenced plants than in control plants, suggesting CaF-box plays an important role in regulating the defense response to abiotic stress resistance in pepper plants.

Investigation of Ionospheric Spatial Gradients for Gagan Error Correction

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Chandra, K. Ravi

In India, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has established with an objective to develop space technology and its application to various national tasks. The national tasks include, establishment of major space systems such as Indian National Satellites (INSAT) for communication, television broadcasting and meteorological services, Indian Remote Sensing Satellites (IRS), etc. Apart from these, to cater to the needs of civil aviation applications, GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system is being jointly implemented along with Airports Authority of India (AAI) over the Indian region. The most predominant parameter affecting the navigation accuracy of GAGAN is ionospheric delay which is a function of total number of electrons present in one square meter cylindrical cross-sectional area in the line of site direction between the satellite and the user on the earth, i.e. Total Electron Content (TEC). In the equatorial and low latitude regions such as India, TEC is often quite high with large spatial gradients. Carrier phase data from the GAGAN network of Indian TEC Stations is used for estimating and identifying ionospheric spatial gradients inmultiple viewing directions. In this paper amongst the satellite signals arriving in multipledirections,Vertical ionospheric gradients (σVIG) are calculated, inturn spatial ionospheric gradients are identified. In addition, estimated temporal gradients, i.e. rate of TEC Index is also compared. These aspects which contribute to errors can be treated for improved GAGAN system performance.

Evaluation of an ethnopharmacologically selected Bhutanese medicinal plants for their major classes of phytochemicals and biological activities.

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Wangchuk, Phurpa; Keller, Paul A; Pyne, Stephen G; Taweechotipatr, Malai; Tonsomboon, Aunchalee; Rattanajak, Roonglawan; Kamchonwongpaisan, Sumalee

2011-09-01

As many as 229 medicinal plants have been currently used in the Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (BTM) as a chief ingredient of polyherbal formulations and these plants have been individually indicated for treating various types of infections including malaria, tumor, and microbial. We have focused our study only on seven species of these plants. We aim to evaluate the antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and cytotoxicity activities of the seven medicinal plants of Bhutan selected using an ethno-directed bio-rational approach. This study creates a scientific basis for their use in the BTM and gives foundation for further phytochemical and biological evaluations which can result in the discovery of new drug lead compounds. A three stage process was conducted which consisted of: (1) an assessment of a pharmacopoeia and a formulary book of the BTM for their mode of plant uses; (2) selecting 25 anti-infective medicinal plants based on the five established criteria, collecting them, and screening for their major classes of phytochemicals using appropriate test protocols; and (3) finally analyzing the crude extracts of the seven medicinal plants, using the standard test protocols, for their antiplasmodial, antimicrobial, anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and cytotoxicity activities as directed by the ethnopharmacological uses of each plant. Out of 25 medicinal plants screened for their major classes of phytochemicals, the majority contained tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Out of the seven plant species investigated for their biological activities, all seven of them exhibited mild antimicrobial properties, five plants gave significant in vitro antiplasmodial activities, two plants gave moderate anti-Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense activity, and one plant showed mild cytotoxicity. Meconopsis simplicifolia showed the highest antiplasmodial activity with IC(50) values of 0.40 μg/ml against TM4/8.2 strain (a wild type chloroquine and

Mecanismos Institucionais de Regulação Federal e seus Resultados nas Políticas de Educação e Saúde

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Daniel Arias Vazquez

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Este artigo analisa o arranjo federativo definido por reformas institucionais implantadas nos anos 1990, as quais definiram um modelo de execução local das políticas descentralizadas no Brasil, sob diretrizes definidas centralmente. Estas reformas levaram em conta as necessidades de expansão da oferta e de estímulo à descentralização, além de definir quais mecanismos de redistribuição dos recursos e de compatibilização entre receita e oferta seriam mais adequados para cada política. A partir da análise das políticas de educação e saúde, foi possível comprovar a eficácia da regulação federal em obter a adesão dos governos municipais, com: a a ampliação da oferta municipal das matrículas de ensino fundamental e das ações de atenção básica de saúde; e b o aumento dos gastos per capita aplicados nos municípios e redução da desigualdade horizontal no financiamento da educação (Fundef e da saúde (Piso de Atenção Básica, medida pelo coeficiente de Gini, durante o período de vigência de cada mecanismo de regulação (1998 a 2006.

Resgate in vitro de embriões em genótipos diplóides de bananeira

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Neves Tárcia dos Santos

2001-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a técnica de resgate de embriões de sementes de bananeira em genótipos diplóides e a influência de defeitos do embrião e do endosperma na germinação in vitro. Foram utilizados os genótipos Calcutta, Malaccensis, Butuhan, França, 0304-02, 1304-06, 4252-04 e 9379-09. De cada genótipo, 100 sementes recém-coletadas foram embebidas em água destilada, por 24 horas, e desinfestadas em solução à base de nitrato de prata e cloreto de sódio. Os embriões extraídos foram introduzidos em meio MS com 30 g L-1 desacarose e 7 g L-1 de ágar, e cultivados em câmara de crescimento, no escuro e em temperatura de 26 ± 2ºC. A germinação concentrou-se do quinto ao vigésimo dia de cultivo e apresentou uma média de 53,25% após 45 dias, independentemente do genótipo. As espécies selvagens apresentaram porcentagem média de germinação maior do que a dos genótipos híbridos. A presença de embrião e endosperma normais não foi essencial para a germinação in vitro.

A new generic system for the pantropical Caesalpinia group (Leguminosae

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Edeline Gagnon

2016-10-01

Full Text Available The Caesalpinia group is a large pantropical clade of ca. 205 species in subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae in which generic delimitation has been in a state of considerable flux. Here we present new phylogenetic analyses based on five plastid and one nuclear ribosomal marker, with dense taxon sampling including 172 (84% of the species and representatives of all previously described genera in the Caesalpinia group. These analyses show that the current classification of the Caesalpinia group into 21 genera needs to be revised. Several genera (Poincianella, Erythrostemon, Cenostigma and Caesalpinia sensu Lewis, 2005 are non-monophyletic and several previously unclassified Asian species segregate into clades that merit recognition at generic rank. In addition, the near-completeness of our taxon sampling identifies three species that do not belong in any of the main clades and these are recognised as new monospecific genera. A new generic classification of the Caesalpinia group is presented including a key for the identification of genera, full generic descriptions, illustrations (drawings and photo plates of all genera, and (for most genera the nomenclatural transfer of species to their correct genus. We recognise 26 genera, with reinstatement of two previously described genera (Biancaea Tod., Denisophytum R. Vig., re-delimitation and expansion of several others (Moullava, Cenostigma, Libidibia and Erythrostemon, contraction of Caesalpinia s.s. and description of four new ones (Gelrebia, Paubrasilia, Hererolandia and Hultholia, and make 75 new nomenclatural combinations in this new generic system.

Molecular identification of GAPDHs in cassava highlights the antagonism of MeGAPCs and MeATG8s in plant disease resistance against cassava bacterial blight.

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Zeng, Hongqiu; Xie, Yanwei; Liu, Guoyin; Lin, Daozhe; He, Chaozu; Shi, Haitao

2018-06-01

MeGAPCs were identified as negative regulators of plant disease resistance, and the interaction of MeGAPCs and MeATG8s was highlighted in plant defense response. As an important enzyme of glycolysis metabolic pathway, glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase (GAPDH) plays important roles in plant development, abiotic stress and immune responses. Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is most important tropical crop and one of the major food crops, however, no information is available about GAPDH gene family in cassava. In this study, 14 MeGAPDHs including 6 cytosol GAPDHs (MeGAPCs) were identified from cassava, and the transcripts of 14 MeGAPDHs in response to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam) indicated their possible involvement in immune responses. Further investigation showed that MeGAPCs are negative regulators of disease resistance against Xam. Through transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, we found that overexpression of MeGAPCs led to decreased disease resistance against Xam. On the contrary, MeGAPCs-silenced cassava plants through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) conferred improved disease resistance. Notably, MeGAPCs physically interacted with autophagy-related protein 8b (MeATG8b) and MeATG8e and inhibited autophagic activity. Moreover, MeATG8b and MeATG8e negatively regulated the activities of NAD-dependent MeGAPDHs, and are involved in MeGAPCs-mediated disease resistance. Taken together, this study highlights the involvement of MeGAPCs in plant disease resistance, through interacting with MeATG8b and MeATG8e.

Eletrencefalograma quantitativo e topográfico (mapeamento cerebral: estudo do padrão normal para uma população adulta

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ANGHINAH RENATO

1998-01-01

Full Text Available Realizamos estudo com o intuito de normatizar a atividade elétrica cerebral de base de indivíduos adultos e normais, com EEG quantitativo e topográfico. Foram avaliados 20 pacientes que apresentaram exames clínico, laboratoriais e de análise visual do EEG normais, além do mini-exame do estado mental com escores superiores a 27 pontos. Após a aplicação da transformada rápida de Fourier (FFT encontramos distribuição do espectro com padrão monomodal no histograma de barras às custas de maiores potenciais em regiões posteriores na faixa de frequência alfa. Ao analisarmos a média dos espectros nas diferentes bandas de frequência (delta, teta, alfa, beta 1, beta 2, beta 3 encontramos alguns padrões que diferem dos achados tradicionalmente descritos na eletrencefalografia com análise visual, tais como a presença de atividade alfa em regiões anteriores e atividade delta difusa durante a vigília. Os comportamentos das bandas beta 2, e beta 3, também com distribuição difusa, não são os classicamente encontrados. Por outro lado, outros achados são congruentes à análise visual, como o predomínio alfa posterior e a maior presença de atividade teta em regiões centrais.

Superando barreiras e preconceitos: trajetórias, narrativas e memórias de atletas negras Overcoming barriers and prejudices: black women athletes' trajectories, narratives and memories

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Cláudia Maria de Farias

2011-12-01

Full Text Available O trabalho reafirma a importância dos estudos de gênero para a compreensão dos processos históricos contemporâneos através dos quais se deram a inserção, a permanência e a ampliação da participação das mulheres no campo esportivo brasileiro, entre os anos 1960 e 1970. Através das narrativas orais de duas atletas negras - Eliane Pereira de Souza e Aída dos Santos -, são examinadas as múltiplas intersecções do gênero com outros componentes de diferenciação social, como classe, raça/etnia e geração, fundamentais para a reconstrução das experiências que marcaram os projetos, as carreiras, as trajetórias e as memórias dessas mulheres durante a vigência da Ditadura Militar brasileira.This investigation reaffirms the relevance of the gender studies to the understanding of the contemporary historical processes in which women appeared, remained and grew participation in Brazilian sports field between 1960 and 1970. Through the narratives of two black women athletes - Eliane Pereira de Souza e Aída dos Santos -, the multiple intersections of gender with the other components of social differentiation as class, race/ethnics and generation, fundamental for the reconstruction of the experiences that marked their projects, careers, trajectories and memories during the military dictatorship in Brazil are observed.

Silencing of copine genes confers common wheat enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.

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Zou, Baohong; Ding, Yuan; Liu, He; Hua, Jian

2018-06-01

Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), is a major threat to the production of wheat (Triticum aestivum). It is of great importance to identify new resistance genes for the generation of Bgt-resistant or Bgt-tolerant wheat varieties. Here, we show that the wheat copine genes TaBON1 and TaBON3 negatively regulate wheat disease resistance to Bgt. Two copies of TaBON1 and three copies of TaBON3, located on chromosomes 6AS, 6BL, 1AL, 1BL and 1DL, respectively, were identified from the current common wheat genome sequences. The expression of TaBON1 and TaBON3 is responsive to both pathogen infection and temperature changes. Knocking down of TaBON1 or TaBON3 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) induces the up-regulation of defence responses in wheat. These TaBON1- or TaBON3-silenced plants exhibit enhanced wheat disease resistance to Bgt, accompanied by greater accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and heightened cell death. In addition, high temperature has little effect on the up-regulation of defence response genes conferred by the silencing of TaBON1 or TaBON3. Our study shows a conserved function of plant copine genes in plant immunity and provides new genetic resources for the improvement of resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. © 2017 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.

Política social y el trabajo social = Social policy and social work

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Alayón, Norberto

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo aborda o tratamento das complexas e estreitas relações existentes entre a Política Social e o Trabalho Social. Argumenta sobre o motivo pelo qual ambas as categorias estão histórica e intimamente relacionadas e por que, certamente, assim permanecerão no futuro. Destaca a característica essencialmente antidemocrática do sistema capitalista e as possibilidades de atenuar ou de neutralizar politicamente a sua vigência pela ação do Estado, mediante o direito trabalhista e as políticas sociais. Menciona os debates ocorridos na década de 1970 a respeito da natureza, do significado e das funções desempenhadas pelas políticas sociais, e mais tarde, o enfraquecimento dos Estados de Bem-estar, o surgimento das brutais propostas neoliberais, seguido da própria crise do neoliberalismo e, finalmente, o resurgimento dos modelos desenvolvimentistas e populistas que voltam a privilegiar a política sobre a economia e a defesa dos direitos sociais na procura de sociedades mais igualitárias. Argumenta sobre a necessidade de resignificar a ação profissional dos trabalhadores sociais, na perspectiva de contribuir para a consolidação do processo coletivo em benefício da defesa da democracia e da ampliação dos direitos humanos, nas sua mais ampla e abrangente aceitação

A queda do muro de Berlim: um estudo com fontes brasileiras

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Carlos Federico Domínguez Ávila

2010-10-01

Full Text Available O artigo explora os acontecimentos que resultaram na queda do muro de Berlim, bem como algumas das suas mais importantes conseqüências, inclusive no que diz respeito à reunificação alemã, em 1990. O texto utiliza prioritariamente fontes primárias resgatadas no Arquivo Histórico do Ministério das Relações Exteriores do Brasil - após vários anos de resguardo legal. Também são utilizadas fontes secundárias - isto é, literatura especializada na temática publicada no Brasil e no exterior. Analiticamente o artigo constata a transcendental relevância da queda do muro de Berlim e eventos subseqüentes, tanto na própria Alemanha, quanto na Europa e no mundo. Nessa linha, o texto alude ao colapso político e econômico da República Democrática da Alemanha (RDA, aos atores fundamentais que levaram ao esboroamento do muro, aos condicionantes domésticos, inter-alemães, europeus e globais que incidiram no processo de reunificação da nação alemã e aos dilemas específicos da cidade de Berlim no contexto geral da reunificação germânica. O trabalho inclui uma pós-data de novembro de 2009, em que se comenta brevemente as comemorações do vigésimo aniversário da queda do muro de Berlim.

Cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica sob baixa dose de dobutamina na identificação do miocárdio viável Low-dose dobutamine myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in the identification of viable myocardium

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Renata Freire de Moraes

2010-10-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Verificar se a cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica(99mTc-sestamibi/tálio-201, método de alta sensibilidade para identificação do músculo viável, tem sua especificidade aumentada com a inclusão de informações sobre reserva contrátil miocárdica obtidas simultaneamente através de gated SPECT na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina de forma semelhante ao ecocardiograma. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se 260 segmentos miocárdicos de 13 pacientes com infarto do miocárdio, encaminhados para pesquisa de viabilidade antes do procedimento de revascularização. Avaliaram-se a integridade celular e a reserva contrátil pela cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica duoisotópica com imagens de repouso e redistribuição do tálio-201 e de estresse (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT, em condições basais e na vigência de baixas doses de dobutamina. A melhora do desempenho contrátil em controle cintilográfico pós-revascularização (99mTc-sestamibi gated SPECT confirmava a presença de viabilidade. Para análise dos resultados quantificaram-se os parâmetros funcionais dos segmentos miocárdicos nas diferentes etapas do estudo, estratificando-os quanto à viabilidade para posterior comparação funcional pós-revascularização. RESULTADOS: No tratamento estatístico a análise do espessamento sistólico se destacou como parâmetro de avaliação da reserva contrátil miocárdica pelo método, mostrando tendência a incremento na especificidade (84%, demonstrando valores superiores aos da literatura. CONCLUSÃO: O método tende a apresentar contribuições efetivas na busca do miocárdio viável.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the increase in specificity of dual isotope myocardial perfusion gated SPECT (99mTc-sestamibi/thallium-201, a highly sensitive method to detect viable myocardium, with addition of data on contractile reserve simultaneously acquired by low-dose dobutamine gated SPECT, similarly to echocardiography

TEMPERATURA E SUBSTRATO NA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE FLOR-DE-SEDA

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José Robson da Silva

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Silk flower [Calotropis procera (Aiton R. Br.] is a very common plant in the north-eastern Brazil, used in the animal ration in the period of food scarcity, beyond presenting phytotherapic properties and effect presented against nematoid when incorporated to the ground. The work was considered to evaluate the influence of the substrate and the temperature on the germination of seeds and the development of the seedlings. The knowledge on the germination and the more adjusted substrate can propitiate an increment in the production of seedling of silk flower. The temperature can cause changes in the germination percentage, in the speed and relative frequency of germination. In laboratory experiment using the entirely randomized delineation in array factorial 3 x 3, with 4 repetitions, whose plots had been constituted by 25 seeds. The treatments had been to the combinations of three substrate (paper towel, sand and vermiculite with three temperatures, 25 ºC (bookshelf coated with plastic canvas, 27 ºC (laboratory environment, 30º C (chamber of controlled temperature. The analyzed variable had been the percentage of germination, VIG, SDM and height dry of the seedlings. Paper towel, under temperatures 27 and 30 °C, showed it more appropriate for the germination five days after the sowing. Sand and vermiculite under temperatures 25 and 27 ºC, showed it more appropriate for the germination and the index of speed of germination twelve days after the sowing. The dry matter of the seedlings, on sand and vermiculite was superior under temperature 30 ºC.

Suscetibilidade de biomphalaria glabrata, B. straminea e B. tenagophila a diferentes cepas de schistosoma mansoni

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Luiz Candido de Souza Dias

1987-08-01

Full Text Available Em condições experimentais foi estudada a suscetibilidade de Biomphalaria glabrata, B. straminea e B. tenagophila a quatro linhagens humanas (MAP, PTH, UPH, e OuH e duas de roedores silvestres (PTR e VPR do Schistosoma mansoni. Grupos de 50 moluscos foram expostos individualmente a 10 miracídios e observados durante 70 dias. Avaliou-se a suscetibilidade dos moluscos ao parasito por meio da % de animais com esporocistos, % de moluscos que eliminavam cercárias e mortalidade conjunta dos animais expostos e infectados. Exemplares de B. glabrata mineira infectaram-se com cepa simpátrica (MAP e com 5 alopátricas do Estado de São Paulo (PTH, VPH, OuH, PTR e VPR. B. glabrata paulista mostrou altas taxas de infecção com as cepas MAP, VPR e OuH do trematódeo. Quatro % dos exemplares B. straminea de São Paulo eliminavam cercárias de cepas simpátricas; com cepa mineira apenas 4% apresentaram esporocistos na vigência de 20 miracídios por molusco; as menores taxas de mortalidade foram registradas com essa espécie de molusco, não sendo maior do que 20%. B. tenagophila paulista foi suscetível apenas às linhagens simpáticas sendo 6% a maior taxa de moluscos que eliminaram cercárias. Os resultados indicam que os movimentos populacionais humanos dentro do território paulista e para fora dele são importantes na disseminação da esquistossomose mansônica.

Chloroplastic thioredoxin-f and thioredoxin-m1/4 play important roles in brassinosteroids-induced changes in CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato

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Cheng, Fei; Zhou, Yan-Hong; Xia, Xiao-Jian; Shi, Kai; Zhou, Jie; Yu, Jing-Quan

2014-01-01

Chloroplast thioredoxins (TRXs) and glutathione function as redox messengers in the regulation of photosynthesis. In this work, the roles of chloroplast TRXs in brassinosteroids (BRs)-induced changes in cellular redox homeostasis and CO2 assimilation were studied in the leaves of tomato plants. BRs-deficient d ^im plants showed decreased transcripts of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x, while exogenous BRs significantly induced CO2 assimilation and the expression of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-x. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the chloroplast TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-y genes individually increased membrane lipid peroxidation and accumulation of 2-Cys peroxiredoxin dimers, and decreased the activities of the ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzymes and the ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) in the leaves. Furthermore, partial silencing of TRX-f, TRX-m2, TRX-m1/4, and TRX-y resulted in decreased expression of genes involved in the Benson–Calvin cycle and decreased activity of the associated enzymes. Importantly, the BRs-induced increase in CO2 assimilation and the increased expression and activities of antioxidant- and photosynthesis-related genes and enzymes were compromised in the partially TRX-f- and TRX-m1/4-silenced plants. All of these results suggest that TRX-f and TRX-m1/4 are involved in the BRs-induced changes in CO2 assimilation and cellular redox homeostasis in tomato. PMID:24847092

Silencing the SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 Genes in Tomato Reduces Abscisic Acid—Mediated Drought Tolerance

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Yan Liang

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Drought is a major threat to agriculture production worldwide. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs play a pivotal role in sensing and converting stress signals into appropriate responses so that plants can adapt and survive. To examine the function of MAPKs in the drought tolerance of tomato plants, we silenced the SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 genes in wild-type plants using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS method. The results indicate that silencing the individual genes or co-silencing SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 reduced the drought tolerance of tomato plants by varying degrees. Co-silencing SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 impaired abscisic acid (ABA-induced and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2-induced stomatal closure and enhanced ABA-induced H2O2 production. Similar results were observed when silencing SpMPK3 alone, but not when SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 were individually silenced. These data suggest that the functions of SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 are redundant, and they overlap with that of SpMPK3 in drought stress signaling pathways. In addition, we found that SpMPK3 may regulate H2O2 levels by mediating the expression of CAT1. Hence, SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 may play crucial roles in enhancing tomato plants’ drought tolerance by influencing stomatal activity and H2O2 production via the ABA-H2O2 pathway.

Characterization of Triticum aestivum Abscisic Acid Receptors and a Possible Role for These in Mediating Fusairum Head Blight Susceptibility in Wheat

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Gordon, Cameron S.; Rajagopalan, Nandhakishore; Risseeuw, Eddy P.; Surpin, Marci; Ball, Fraser J.; Barber, Carla J.; Buhrow, Leann M.; Clark, Shawn M.; Page, Jonathan E.; Todd, Chris D.; Abrams, Suzanne R.; Loewen, Michele C.

2016-01-01

Abscisic acid (ABA) is a well-characterized plant hormone, known to mediate developmental aspects as well as both abiotic and biotic stress responses. Notably, the exogenous application of ABA has recently been shown to increase susceptibility to the fungal pathogen Fusarium graminearum, the causative agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other cereals. However roles and mechanisms associated with ABA’s modulation of pathogen responses remain enigmatic. Here the identification of putative ABA receptors from available genomic databases for Triticum aestivum (bread wheat) and Brachypodium distachyon (a model cereal) are reported. A number of these were cloned for recombinant expression and their functionality as ABA receptors confirmed by in vitro assays against protein phosphatases Type 2Cs. Ligand selectivity profiling of one of the wheat receptors (Ta_PYL2DS_FL) highlighted unique activities compared to Arabidopsis AtPYL5. Mutagenic analysis showed Ta_PYL2DS_FL amino acid D180 as being a critical contributor to this selectivity. Subsequently, a virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach was used to knockdown wheat Ta_PYL4AS_A (and similar) in planta, yielding plants with increased early stage resistance to FHB progression and decreased mycotoxin accumulation. Together these results confirm the existence of a family of ABA receptors in wheat and Brachypodium and present insight into factors modulating receptor function at the molecular level. That knockdown of Ta_PYL4AS_A (and similar) leads to early stage FHB resistance highlights novel targets for investigation in the future development of disease resistant crops. PMID:27755583

Virus-Induced Silencing of Key Genes Leads to Differential Impact on Withanolide Biosynthesis in the Medicinal Plant, Withania somnifera.

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Agarwal, Aditya Vikram; Singh, Deeksha; Dhar, Yogeshwar Vikram; Michael, Rahul; Gupta, Parul; Chandra, Deepak; Trivedi, Prabodh Kumar

2018-02-01

Withanolides are a collection of naturally occurring, pharmacologically active, secondary metabolites synthesized in the medicinally important plant, Withania somnifera. These bioactive molecules are C28-steroidal lactone triterpenoids and their synthesis is proposed to take place via the mevalonate (MVA) and 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathways through the sterol pathway using 24-methylene cholesterol as substrate flux. Although the phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities of Withania extracts have been well studied, limited genomic information and difficult genetic transformation have been a major bottleneck towards understanding the participation of specific genes in withanolide biosynthesis. In this study, we used the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-mediated virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) approach to study the participation of key genes from MVA, MEP and triterpenoid biosynthesis for their involvement in withanolide biosynthesis. TRV-infected W. somnifera plants displayed unique phenotypic characteristics and differential accumulation of total Chl as well as carotenoid content for each silenced gene suggesting a reduction in overall isoprenoid synthesis. Comprehensive expression analysis of putative genes of withanolide biosynthesis revealed transcriptional modulations conferring the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms leading to withanolide biosynthesis. In addition, silencing of genes exhibited modulated total and specific withanolide accumulation at different levels as compared with control plants. Comparative analysis also suggests a major role for the MVA pathway as compared with the MEP pathway in providing substrate flux for withanolide biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that transcriptional regulation of selected Withania genes of the triterpenoid biosynthetic pathway critically affects withanolide biosynthesis, providing new horizons to explore this process further, in planta.

Plant oxidosqualene metabolism: cycloartenol synthase-dependent sterol biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana.

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Gas-Pascual, Elisabet; Berna, Anne; Bach, Thomas J; Schaller, Hubert

2014-01-01

The plant sterol pathway exhibits a major biosynthetic difference as compared with that of metazoans. The committed sterol precursor is the pentacyclic cycloartenol (9β,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β-ol) and not lanosterol (lanosta-8,24-dien-3β-ol), as it was shown in the late sixties. However, plant genome mining over the last years revealed the general presence of lanosterol synthases encoding sequences (LAS1) in the oxidosqualene cyclase repertoire, in addition to cycloartenol synthases (CAS1) and to non-steroidal triterpene synthases that contribute to the metabolic diversity of C30H50O compounds on earth. Furthermore, plant LAS1 proteins have been unambiguously identified by peptidic signatures and by their capacity to complement the yeast lanosterol synthase deficiency. A dual pathway for the synthesis of sterols through lanosterol and cycloartenol was reported in the model Arabidopsis thaliana, though the contribution of a lanosterol pathway to the production of 24-alkyl-Δ(5)-sterols was quite marginal (Ohyama et al. (2009) PNAS 106, 725). To investigate further the physiological relevance of CAS1 and LAS1 genes in plants, we have silenced their expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. We used virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) based on gene specific sequences from a Nicotiana tabacum CAS1 or derived from the solgenomics initiative (http://solgenomics.net/) to challenge the respective roles of CAS1 and LAS1. In this report, we show a CAS1-specific functional sterol pathway in engineered yeast, and a strict dependence on CAS1 of tobacco sterol biosynthesis.

SIMULAÇÃO DE CURVAS ISOFÔNICAS PARA UM PLANO DE ZONEAMENTO DE RUÍDO DO AEROPORTO INTERNACIONAL EDUARDO GOMES, EM MANAUS, AMAZONAS

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Clive Reis Nascimento

2015-10-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho visa simular curvas isofônicas aeronáuticas para o Aeroporto Internacional de Manaus/Eduardo Gomes seguindo a metodologia determinada pelo RBAC Nº 161, assim como tecer comparações com as curvas isofônicas atualmente em vigor. O software utilizado na simulação foi o INM. Foi simulado um conjunto de cinco curvas, sendo elas as de: 85, 80, 75, 70, 65 dB(A, que se propagaram por uma área de 2.214,7 hectares sobre a cidade de Manaus. Atualmente há um conjunto de duas curvas em vigência, uma de 75 e outra de 65 dB(A que abrangem 1.249,49 hectares. A quantidade de curvas em cada conjunto diverge devido a atualizações na legislação aeronáutica, que deu um novo cenário à problemática do ruído aeronáutico sobre as áreas no entorno dos aeroportos. O maior número delimita uma área de 1.074,75 hectares sobre a cidade de Manaus, onde as edificações necessitariam de tratamento acústico. Em trabalhos futuros seria interessante a realização de comparações de dados obtidos em estações de monitoramento de ruído das aeronaves que operam nesse aeroporto com os dados gerados pelo INM, assim como buscar conhecer como os habitantes abrangidos pelas curvas de ruído aeronáutico reagem a esse impacto ambiental.

Silencing of dehydrin CaDHN1 diminishes tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in Capsicum annuum L.

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Chen, Ru-gang; Jing, Hua; Guo, Wei-li; Wang, Shu-Bin; Ma, Fang; Pan, Bao-Gui; Gong, Zhen-Hui

2015-12-01

We cloned a dehydrins gene CaDHN1 from pepper and the expression of CaDHN1 was markedly upregulated by cold, salt, osmotic stresses and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. Dehydrins (DHNs) are a subfamily of group 2 late embryogenesis-abundant (LEA) proteins that are thought to play an important role in enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants. In this study, a DHN EST (Expressed Sequence Tag) was obtained from 6 to 8 true leaves seedlings of pepper cv P70 (Capsicum annuum L.) by our laboratory. However, the DHN gene in pepper was not well characterized. According to this EST sequence, we isolated a DHN gene, designated as CaDHN1, and investigated the response and expression of this gene under various stresses. Our results indicated that CaDHN1 has the DHN-specific and conserved K- and S- domain and encodes 219 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CaDHN1 belonged to the SKn subgroup. Tissue expression profile analysis revealed that CaDH N1 was expressed predominantly in fruits and flowers. The expression of CaDHN1 was markedly upregulated in response to cold, salt, osmotic stresses and salicylic acid (SA) treatment, but no significant change by abscisic acid (ABA) and heavy metals treatment. Loss of function of CaDHN1 using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique led to decreased tolerance to cold-, salt- and osmotic-induced stresses. Overall, these results suggest that CaDHN1 plays an important role in regulating the abiotic stress resistance in pepper plants.

A integração bilateral Brasil-Argentina: tecnologia nuclear e Mercosul

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Odete Maria de Oliveira

1998-06-01

Full Text Available O presente trabalho focaliza o complexo processo de integração bilateral Brasil-Argentina, iniciado formalmente na década de 80, desdobrado em sua dupla abrangência: a cooperação pacífica da tecnologia nuclear; b constituição de um mercado comum. A evolução desse processo conduziu-se através de ciclos fundamentais: primeira etapa, antecedentes de aproximação; segunda etapa, os decisivos instrumentos da ampla integração; terceira etapa, solidificação de duas bases, uma de nível tecnológico nuclear, pactuando um sistema sui generis de salvaguardas e a vigência do Tratado de Tlatelolco (emendado, e, outra, de nível econômico pelo Tratado de Assunção, instituindo o Mercosul.The present work focuses on the complex bilateral integration process involving Brazil and Argentina that began formally during the 80's, and displayed in its double scope: a pacific cooperation on nuclear technology; b constitution of a common market. This process evolution took place in three fundamental circles: the first one, approximation antecedents; the second one, decisive instruments for a large integration; and the third one, the solidification of two basis, one at the nuclear technological level, joining the two countries in the sui generis back up system and the operation of the Tlatelolco Treaty, the other, at the economic level instituting the Mercosur by the Asunción Treaty.

Não-reeleição, laicidade do Estado e luta pela terra: reflexões sobre a vigência de três postulados da Revolução Mexicana

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Carlos Federico Domínguez Avila

2010-11-01

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O artigo explora e reflete sobre três reivindicações fundamentais no contexto da revolução mexicana: (i o principio da não-reeleição dos governantes, (ii a laicidade do Estado, e (iii a luta pela terra e pela justiça social nas áreas rurais. As três reivindicações citadas acabaram sendo incorporadas na Constituição de 1917, e implementadas de forma mais ou menos exitosa no período pós-revolucionário. O texto acrescenta que aquelas reivindicações continuam vigentes no inicio do século XXI no México e em outros países latino-americanos.

Pseudoaneurisma de artéria ilíaca comum como complicação de cirurgia para hérnia discal lombar: relato de caso

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HANEL RICARDO A.

1999-01-01

Full Text Available A cirurgia para tratamento da doença discal lombo-sacra pode cursar com complicações severas, iatrogênicas incluindo-se as neurológicas, vasculares, entéricas, ureterais e disfunção sexual podendo levar o paciente à morte dependendo da extensão da lesão. Abramovitz relata que as complicações vasculares do acesso posterior para o tratamento hérnia discal lombo-sacra ocorrem em menos de 0,1% dos casos As lesões vasculares podem manifestar-se de maneira imediata como hemorragia arterial levando a choque hipovolêmico no per ou pós-operatório imediato, devendo ser diagnosticadas e tratadas prontamente. Sinais precoces de hemorragia retroperitoneal se manifestam na vigência de lesões traumáticas, sendo os pseudoaneurismas e as fístulas arteriovenosas diagnosticados tardiamente, semanas ou mesmo após anos. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 39 anos que foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico de hérnia discal no espaço L4-L5, à direita, em outro serviço. Devido ao fato de persistirem os sintomas dolorosos, foi encaminhada ao nosso serviço. Na investigação a ressonância magnética mostrou lesão paravertebral sugestiva de abscesso. A angiografia aorto-ilíaca revelou a presença de pseudoaneurisma na artéria ilíaca comum esquerda, o qual foi reparado cirurgicamente com sucesso. Discutimos os mecanismos das lesões vasculares e as precauções para evitá-las.

O período toxêmico da esquistossomose

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J. Leocádio

1969-06-01

Full Text Available O A. apresenta seis casos de pacientes observados durante o período toxêmico da esquistosomose mansônica. Dêstes, um foi de mulher cuja sintomatologia datava de um ano. Concebeu e deu à luz durante a enfermidade. Apresentava sinais de fibrose hepática quando do primeiro exame, ainda na vigência de sintomas do período agudo da enfermidade. Todos êstes pacientes apresentavam febre, dores abdominais, hepatoesplenomegalia e outras manifestações que têm sido descritas neste período da parasitose. Como notas dominantes no hemograma, leucocitose com eosinofilia, como ocorre nas infecções por helmintos com ciclo textrino, e anemia. Esta, nem todos apresentavam. Além de alterações do equilíbrio proteico e de resultados da exploração funcional do fígado, o A. chamou a atenção para a hípoglicemia e hipocolesterolemia encontradas em alguns dos observados. Foi digno de registro, também, a positividade tardia da intradermorreação para diagnóstico da esquistosomose. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento antimonial, com bom resultado. Como reação colateral devemos mencionar a exacerbação da febre forçando, por vêzes à interrupção do mesmo. O A. faz referências a outros recursos terapêuticos empregados no Oriente: o F30.066, um nitrofurano de uso oral, e as sementes de Cucurbita moshata. Sugere a investigação em animais e no homem com sementes de abóbora outrora empregadas como tenifugo

Avaliação e transformações da educação superior brasileira (1995-2009: do provão ao Sinaes Evaluation and transformations in brazilian higher education (1995-2009: from provão to Sinaes

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José Dias Sobrinho

2010-01-01

Full Text Available O texto estabelece um eixo entre as principais políticas de avaliação e as transformações da educação superior brasileira, concebidas e praticadas a partir de 1995, destacando alguns dos efeitos sobre o ensino de graduação. Esse período coincide com os governos dos presidentes Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002 e Lula (2003-... e a vigência da LDBEN (1996. Após um breve panorama da educação superior brasileira nesse período, serão analisados os principais instrumentos de avaliação praticados no Brasil, com ênfase no Provão e no ENADE, e alguns de seus efeitos no ensino superior. No final, são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre os exames gerais ou de larga escala, com intuito também de apontar suas interferências no ensino.This text establishes a basic connection between the main evaluation policies and the transformations in Brazilian higher education, conceived and practiced since 1995, pointing out some of the effects on undergraduate teaching. This period coincides with the government of presidents Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002 and Lula (2003 - ... and the time period of the current LDBEN law (1996. After a brief panorama of Brazilian higher education during this period, the main evaluation instruments used in Brazil are analyzed, emphasizing Provão and ENADE, and some of their effects on higher education. At the end, a few considerations on general or large-scale exams are presented with the purpose of also pointing out their interference in education.

Isolation and characterization of terpene synthases in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum).

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Yang, Chang-Qing; Wu, Xiu-Ming; Ruan, Ju-Xin; Hu, Wen-Li; Mao, Yin-Bo; Chen, Xiao-Ya; Wang, Ling-Jian

2013-12-01

Cotton plants accumulate gossypol and related sesquiterpene aldehydes, which function as phytoalexins against pathogens and feeding deterrents to herbivorous insects. However, to date little is known about the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes in this crop. Herein is reported that 5 monoterpenes and 11 sesquiterpenes from extracts of a glanded cotton cultivar, Gossypium hirsutum cv. CCRI12, were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). By EST data mining combined with Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends (RACE), full-length cDNAs of three terpene synthases (TPSs), GhTPS1, GhTPS2 and GhTPS3 were isolated. By in vitro assays of the recombinant proteins, it was found that GhTPS1 and GhTPS2 are sesquiterpene synthases: the former converted farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) into β-caryophyllene and α-humulene in a ratio of 2:1, whereas the latter produced several sesquiterpenes with guaia-1(10),11-diene as the major product. By contrast, GhTPS3 is a monoterpene synthase, which produced α-pinene, β-pinene, β-phellandrene and trace amounts of other monoterpenes from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP). The TPS activities were also supported by Virus Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) in the cotton plant. GhTPS1 and GhTPS3 were highly expressed in the cotton plant overall, whereas GhTPS2 was expressed only in leaves. When stimulated by mechanical wounding, Verticillium dahliae (Vde) elicitor or methyl jasmonate (MeJA), production of terpenes and expression of the corresponding synthase genes were induced. These data demonstrate that the three genes account for the biosynthesis of volatile terpenes of cotton, at least of this Upland cotton. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

VALLE DE ABURRÁ: ¿QUO VADIS?

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Hermelin Michel

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Se da una descripción somera de la evolución que ha tenido la prevención de los riesgos de origen natural en el Valle de Aburrá . Tanto la naturaleza litológica y estructural del valle como sus condiciones topográficas y climáticas lo hacen propenso a la ocurrencia de fenómenos naturales como sismos, movimientos de vertiente, avenidas torrenciales y, en menor grado, inundaciones. El aumento de la población que es actualmente de 3.5 millones de habitantes y la frecuente ocupación de lugares expuestos a amenazas han resultado en numerosos desastres. En este momento funcionan para la prevención y atención de desastres entidades como el SIMPAD y el DAPARD, con responsabilidades municipales y departamentales respectivamente. El grado de conocimiento del entorno físico del valle se considera insuficiente, así como las reglamentaciones que deberían tener como consecuencias de un uso de la tierra más acorde con las restricciones naturales. Se han realizado ya varias reuniones acerca de la gestión de riesgos naturales en la zona y los organizadores de la de 2007, que conmemora el vigésimo aniversario de la catástrofe de Villa Tina, pueden tomar la decisión de llevarlas a cabo cada dos años. Asimismo proponen la creación de un grupo técnicocientífico permanente dispuesto a estudiar los eventos ocurridos, a fomentar la difusión de la información pertinente y en general a propender por un mejor conocimiento del Valle de Aburrá.

Una mirada histórica a los International Congress of Mathematicians

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Curbera Costello, Guillermo

2007-06-01

Full Text Available We review the history of the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM. These congresses arose at the end of the 19-th century, being the last step on the professionalizing process of mathematical research. Its meetings have gathered all areas of mathematical research, exhibiting the best mathematics of the moment, and honouring the great mathematicians from the past. Prizes associated to ICMs have had a very important role, in particular, the Fields medal. The history of the congresses allow to appreciate how the rooted feeling among mathematicians of constituting a scientific research community has aided ICMs to overcome all the tragic events of the history of the 20-th century, arriving safely to the 25-th congress in Madrid in 2006.En este artículo se repasa la historia de los International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM. Estos congresos surgieron a finales del siglo XIX como culminación del proceso de profesionalización de la investigación matemática. Sus reuniones han congregado a todas las áreas de la investigación matemática, presentado la mejor matemática del momento, y han honrando a las grandes figuras del pasado. Los premios asociados a los ICM, especialmente la medalla Fields, han tenido un papel muy importante. La historia de los congresos permite apreciar cómo el arraigado sentimiento entre los matemáticos de formar una comunidad científica ha permitido a los ICM sortear los avatares de la convulsa historia del siglo XX, permitiendo llegar a la vigésima quinta edición en Madrid en 2006

Divulgação de Informações por Segmento: Panorama da Aplicação do CPC 22

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Valdirene Gasparetto

2013-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo da pesquisa foi traçar um panorama da divulgação de segmentos nas demonstrações financeiras das companhias abertas que operam no Brasil, publicadas em 2010, primeiro ano de vigência do CPC 22. Para isso procurou-se identificar como foram definidos e quantos são os segmentos publicados, além de analisar tais resultados em relação a características corporativas da empresa: tamanho, setor de atuação e status de listagem da companhia nos níveis de governança corporativa. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental com foco descritivo. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado em notas explicativas de 81 companhias abertas selecionadas entre as maiores empresas, na edição 2010 da Revista Melhores e Maiores. A análise dos dados foi realizada com estatística descritiva e análise de correlação. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que há empresas que não fizeram qualquer referência a informações por segmentos. A definição dos segmentos atendeu predominantemente ao critério de linha de negócios, e 27% das companhias agruparam as atividades em um único segmento. A análise da correlação mostrou que somente o tamanho do ativo apresentou relacionamento significante e positivo com as características de definição e quantidade de segmentos publicados. Constatou-se que há grande heterogeneidade nas estruturas dos relatórios por segmento publicados.

Bioética e avaliação tecnológica em saúde

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Schramm Fermin Roland

2000-01-01

Full Text Available A vigência simultânea do paradigma biotecnocientífico (que incentiva a incorporação tecnológica e da cultura dos limites (que seleciona as tecnologias constitui um grande desafio aos sistemas sanitários atuais, suscitando debates éticos e políticos sobre as escolhas a serem feitas. A avaliação tecnológica em saúde diz respeito à análise das conseqüências dos cuidados em saúde e das políticas de saúde, e apresenta pontos de interseção com a bioética, apesar de serem campos distintos. A importância das implicações éticas e sociais da avaliação tecnológica é cada vez mais reconhecida, mas a maioria das publicações tem enfatizado apenas os aspectos metodológicos e científicos. Existem vários tipos de interesses envolvidos na incorporação tecnológica, fontes de conflitos de valores. As implicações éticas incluem aquelas relativas aos ensaios clínicos para aferir sua eficácia; à avaliação da boa ou má prática médica; à forma de incorporar as novas tecnologias e à sua efetividade; ao acesso e à alocação de recursos disponíveis. A incorporação da dimensão ética na avaliação tecnológica possibilitará melhor compreensão da prática de saúde e um avanço em direção ao seu aprimoramento.

Garantia literária: elementos para uma revisão crítica após um século

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Mario Barité

Full Text Available Considerando o princípio da garantia literária, formulado por Hulme em 1911, para quem os termos de um sistema de classificação devem derivar antes da literatura a ser efetivamente classificada (o que se encontra documentado do que de considerações puramente teóricas (classificações científicas ou filosóficas ou em uma suposta autoridade dos primeiros classificacionistas, observa-se uma ruptura com as concepções de Harris e de Dewey que, por sua vez, haviam se baseado em Bacon e Leibnitz. Deste modo, busca-se contribuir para uma síntese crítica do referido princípio como subsídio teórico aos estudos de organização do conhecimento. Para tanto, estuda-se a vigência deste princípio ao longo de um século por meio de distintos dados documentais (registro em dicionários, recuperação no Google etc., reconhecendo-o enquanto elemento metodológico em sistemas de classificação e em padrões de registro. Nesse âmbito discutem-se os procedimentos top-down ou bottom-up de desenho de sistemas e se resenham três aplicações tradicionais da garantia literária, sugerindo-se três novas aplicações, em virtude de seu potencial metodológico. Tais aspectos levam a concluir pela crescente perspectiva de aplicação da garantia literária dentro e fora do campo da Ciência da Informação.

O caso do frei Manuel da Madre de Deus: notas sobre um processo eclesiástico na Bahia do século XVIII Father Manuel da Madre de Deus: case notes on an ecclesiastic process in XVIII century, Bahia/Brazil

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Roberto da Silva Ribeiro

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Frei Manuel da Madre de Deus Bulhões nasceu em Salvador, em 1673 e morreu em data posterior a 1742. Foi procurador geral do Carmo em Lisboa e vigário geral da Vigaria do Carmo da Bahia e Pernambuco. Em 1727 é acusado de diversos crimes. Foi o caso julgado a pedido do visitador geral de Lisboa, em primeira instância no convento carmelita da Bahia. Foi frei Manuel acusado de viver em concubinato com a viúva Helena de Lima, violar o voto de pobreza ao obter lucros com um engenho na ilha das Fontes e mandar matar Manuel Guedes de Brito e seu escravo. Frei Manuel foge de seu convento e entra com recursos contra a condenação. Em 1739 é absolvido e é reinvestido de suas prerrogativas.Father Manuel da Madre de Deus Bulhões was born in Salvador, Brazil, in 1673 and dead after 1742. He was general procurator of Carmel Order in Lisbon and general father of Vigaria of Carmel on Bahia and Pernambuco. In 1727 he was accused of several crimes. The case was judged by petition of general visitator of Lisbon, on first instance on Carmel’s convent of Bahia. Father Manuel was accused to live in concubinate with the widow Helena de Lima, to abandon the vow of poverty when he obtained profits with a engenho on Ilha das Fontes and to kill Manuel Guedes de Brito and his slave. Father Manuel runway from his convent and applied against his condemnation. In 1739 he was absolved and got again his prerogatives.

Identification of Putative Genes Involved in Limonoids Biosynthesis in Citrus by Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

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Fusheng Wang

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Limonoids produced by citrus are a group of highly bioactive secondary metabolites which provide health benefits for humans. Currently there is a lack of information derived from research on the genetic mechanisms controlling the biosynthesis of limonoids, which has limited the improvement of citrus for high production of limonoids. In this study, the transcriptome sequences of leaves, phloems and seeds of pummelo (Citrus grandis (L. Osbeck at different development stages with variances in limonoids contents were used for digital gene expression profiling analysis in order to identify the genes corresponding to the biosynthesis of limonoids. Pair-wise comparison of transcriptional profiles between different tissues identified 924 differentially expressed genes commonly shared between them. Expression pattern analysis suggested that 382 genes from three conjunctive groups of K-means clustering could be possibly related to the biosynthesis of limonoids. Correlation analysis with the samples from different genotypes, and different developing tissues of the citrus revealed that the expression of 15 candidate genes were highly correlated with the contents of limonoids. Among them, the cytochrome P450s (CYP450s and transcriptional factor MYB demonstrated significantly high correlation coefficients, which indicated the importance of those genes on the biosynthesis of limonoids. CiOSC gene encoding the critical enzyme oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC for biosynthesis of the precursor of triterpene scaffolds was found positively corresponding to the accumulation of limonoids during the development of seeds. Suppressing the expression of CiOSC with VIGS (Virus-induced gene silencing demonstrated that the level of gene silencing was significantly correlated to the reduction of limonoids contents. The results indicated that the CiOSC gene plays a pivotal role in biosynthesis of limonoids.

Comparative mapping of powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 and functional characterization of resistance-related genes in wheat.

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He, Huagang; Zhu, Shanying; Jiang, Zhengning; Ji, Yaoyong; Wang, Feng; Zhao, Renhui; Bie, Tongde

2016-04-01

The powdery mildew resistance gene Pm21 was physically and comparatively mapped by newly developed markers. Seven candidate genes were verified to be required for Pm21 -mediated resistance to wheat powdery mildew. Pm21, a gene derived from wheat wild relative Dasypyrum villosum, has been transferred into common wheat and widely utilized in wheat resistance breeding for powdery mildew. Previously, Pm21 has been located to the bin FL0.45-0.58 of 6VS by using deletion stocks. However, its fine mapping is still a hard work. In the present study, 30 gene-derived 6VS-specific markers were obtained based on the collinearity among genomes of Brachypodium distachyon, Oryza and Triticeae, and then physically and comparatively mapped in the bin FL0.45-0.58 and its nearby chromosome region. According to the maps, the bin FL0.45-0.58 carrying Pm21 was closely flanked by the markers 6VS-03 and 6VS-23, which further narrowed the orthologous regions to 1.06 Mb in Brachypodium and 1.38 Mb in rice, respectively. Among the conserved genes shared by Brachypodium and rice, four serine/threonine protein kinase genes (DvMPK1, DvMLPK, DvUPK and DvPSYR1), one protein phosphatase gene (DvPP2C) and two transcription factor genes (DvGATA and DvWHY) were confirmed to be required for Pm21-mediated resistance to wheat powdery mildew by barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing (BSMV-VIGS) and transcriptional pattern analyses. In summary, this study gives new insights into the genetic basis of the Pm21 locus and the disease resistance pathways mediated by Pm21.

Hipertensão induzida farmacologicamente em paciente com isquemia em território vértebro-basilar associada com estenose vertebral bilateral Pharmacologically-induced hypertension in a patient with vertebro-basilar territory ischemia associated with bilateral vertebral stenosis

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Jamary Oliveira-Filho

2002-06-01

Full Text Available A hipertensão arterial é um dos principais fatores de risco para acidentes vasculares encefálicos. No entanto, o tratamento agressivo da hipertensão na fase aguda pode estar associada a pior evolução clínica. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente de 81 anos, admitida após múltiplos infartos encefálicos em circulação posterior. Em vigência de anticoagulação plena, a paciente apresentou deterioração neurológica coincidindo com normalização dos níveis pressóricos. Uma angiorressonância documentou uma estenose vertebral bilateral. Após indução de hipertensão com dopamina, a paciente apresentou rápida melhora dos déficits. Nesse primeiro relato de hipertensão induzida na literatura brasileira, ilustramos o potencial benefício dessa estratégia terapêutica em pacientes com documentado mecanismo hemodinâmico de piora clínica.Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for stroke. However, treating hypertension in the acute phase may cause further neurological deterioration. We present a case of an 81-year-old woman, admitted after multiple infarcts in the posterior circulation. While fully anticoagulated, her neurological deficits worsened, coinciding with normalization of her blood pressure levels. Magnetic resonance angiography documented bilateral vertebral artery stenoses. Induced hypertension was followed by rapid clinical improvement. In this first report of induced hypertension in the Brazilian literature, we illustrate the potencial benefit of this therapeutic strategy in patients with documented hemodynamic mechanism of clinical deterioration.

Combining the auxin-inducible degradation system with CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing for the conditional depletion of endogenous Drosophila melanogaster proteins.

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Bence, Melinda; Jankovics, Ferenc; Lukácsovich, Tamás; Erdélyi, Miklós

2017-04-01

Inducible protein degradation techniques have considerable advantages over classical genetic approaches, which generate loss-of-function phenotypes at the gene or mRNA level. The plant-derived auxin-inducible degradation system (AID) is a promising technique which enables the degradation of target proteins tagged with the AID motif in nonplant cells. Here, we present a detailed characterization of this method employed during the adult oogenesis of Drosophila. Furthermore, with the help of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing, we improve the utility of the AID system in the conditional elimination of endogenously expressed proteins. We demonstrate that the AID system induces efficient and reversible protein depletion of maternally provided proteins both in the ovary and the early embryo. Moreover, the AID system provides a fine spatiotemporal control of protein degradation and allows for the generation of different levels of protein knockdown in a well-regulated manner. These features of the AID system enable the unraveling of the discrete phenotypes of genes with highly complex functions. We utilized this system to generate a conditional loss-of-function allele which allows for the specific degradation of the Vasa protein without affecting its alternative splice variant (solo) and the vasa intronic gene (vig). With the help of this special allele, we demonstrate that dramatic decrease of Vasa protein in the vitellarium does not influence the completion of oogenesis as well as the establishment of proper anteroposterior and dorsoventral polarity in the developing oocyte. Our study suggests that both the localization and the translation of gurken mRNA in the vitellarium is independent from Vasa. © 2017 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.

IgE, IgG4 and IgA specific to Bet v 1-related food allergens do not predict oral allergy syndrome.

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Guhsl, E E; Hofstetter, G; Lengger, N; Hemmer, W; Ebner, C; Fröschl, R; Bublin, M; Lupinek, C; Breiteneder, H; Radauer, C

2015-01-01

Birch pollen-associated plant food allergy is caused by Bet v 1-specific IgE, but presence of cross-reactive IgE to related allergens does not predict food allergy. The role of other immunoglobulin isotypes in the birch pollen-plant food syndrome has not been investigated in detail. Bet v 1-sensitized birch pollen-allergic patients (n = 35) were diagnosed for food allergy by standardized interviews, skin prick tests, prick-to-prick tests and ImmunoCAP. Concentrations of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1, IgG4 and IgA to seven Bet v 1-related food allergens were determined by ELISA. Bet v 1, Cor a 1, Mal d 1 and Pru p 1 bound IgE from all and IgG4 and IgA from the majority of sera. Immunoglobulins to Gly m 4, Vig r 1 and Api g 1.01 were detected in allergy and increased or reduced levels of IgE, IgG1, IgG4 or IgA specific to most Bet v 1-related allergens. Api g 1-specific IgE was significantly (P = 0.01) elevated in celeriac-allergic compared with celeriac-tolerant patients. Likewise, frequencies of IgE (71% vs 15%; P = 0.01) and IgA (86% vs 38%; P = 0.04) binding to Api g 1.01 were increased. Measurements of allergen-specific immunoglobulins are not suitable for diagnosing Bet v 1-mediated plant food allergy to hazelnut and Rosaceae fruits. In contrast, IgE and IgA to the distantly related allergen Api g 1 correlate with allergy to celeriac. © 2014 The Authors. Allergy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

O cenário esportivo como arena de disputas políticas: entre a memória recitada e o apagamento de rastros = The sports scene as a political dispute arena: between recited memory and deletion of trails = La escena deportiva como arena de disputas políticas: entre la memoria recitada y la borradura de pistas

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Fontineles, Claudia Cristina da Silva

2017-01-01

Full Text Available O presente texto discute em que medida dois elementos da vida esportiva do Piauí – o estádio de futebol “Albertão” e o time de futebol Tiradentes – foram tratados como acionadores na disputa entre os dois grupos políticos majoritários no cenário político piauiense, entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980. Tratados como insígnias do primeiro governo de Alberto Silva (1971-1975, foram aplaudidos por seus aliados como sinônimo da inscrição do estado em um contexto de prosperidade e da euforia desenvolvimentista, consonante com o cenário político em vigência no Brasil em tempos de Ditadura Civil-Militar, e rechaçados por seus oponentes por serem considerados a reafirmação da presença deste governo na história e na memória da sociedade piauiense. Neste artigo, discutimos como essas disputas manifestaram-se nas disputas políticas estabelecidas entre estes grupos e inscreveram-se no cotidiano e na memória social local. Para tanto, foram analisados como fontes históricas documentos oficiais, jornais de circulação no período, além das fotografias usadas pelo governo em suas correspondências oficiais e de relatos orais, que, à luz da interlocução teórica com Michel de Certeau, Réne Rémond, Paul Ricœur, Paul Veyne, Michel Pollak, entre outros, contribuíram para a elucidação analítica da temática

Review of Prosodies. With Special Reference to Iberian Languages. Edited by Sónia Frota, Marina Vigário & Maria João Freitas (2005. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

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Carlos Gussenhoven

2007-12-01

Full Text Available The volume under review contains the written versions of twelve of the pres-entations at the first Phonetics and Phonology in Iberia (PaPI conference. I wrote this review shortly after attending the third PaPI in Braga in 2007. Both the volume and the fact that the conference of 2003 made it into a series dem-onstrate that the field is thriving in Iberian studies. The PaPI conferences are firmly rooted in the Laboratory Phonology movement and exude a healthy desire to treat phonology as a conventional branch of science.

A consciência: algumas concepções atuais sobre sua natureza, função e base neuroanatômica Consciousness: some current conceptions on its nature, function and neuroanatomic basis

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Maurício Marx e Silva

2003-04-01

Full Text Available Após um século da ênfase nos processos mentais inconscientes dada por Freud, estes se tornaram largamente aceitos, e, nos últimos anos, na verdade tem se verificado que o maior mistério reside na natureza da consciência. A distinção entre a consciência no sentido de coma/vigília, no sentido de consciência moral e no sentido da sensação de existir e estar vivenciando algo, encontrou respaldo nos avanços da neurociência. Esta última acepção, o "sentimento do que acontece" nas palavras de Damásio, presente durante o sonhar e ausente em certos estados de vigília como nas crises de ausência, é a propriedade de certos processos mentais que mais tem sido alvo de estudo. Evidências recentes sugerem que tanto a sensação de continuidade da consciência quanto a impressão de que ela preceda a tomada de decisão seriam ilusórias. Também a antiga crença de que a consciência fosse uma função dependente de um funcionamento cortical global tem sido questionada. A evolução da consciência a partir dos mecanismos de homeostase, como um feed-back sofisticado dos processos mentais que permite a detecção de erros nas predições realizadas pelo cérebro sobre o self e o ambiente, com a possibilidade de correções em partes do processo mental sem a necessidade de descartá-lo por inteiro, são exemplos das modernas compreensões sobre este tema, e que têm importantes implicações para a clínica psicoterápica. Neste trabalho, os autores revisam algumas das principais teorias recentes sobre a consciência, sua natureza, funções, aspectos evolucionistas, relação com a linguagem, com os sistemas de memória e com a questão da integração dos diferentes inputs e registros mnêmicos numa cena unificada do self interagindo com o ambiente, salientando que, embora já tenhamos alguns desenvolvimentos muito interessantes, a compreensão do tema ainda está nos seus primórdios.A century after Freud's emphasis on unconscious mental

Radiação gama na redução da carga microbiana de filés de frango Gamma radiation on reduction of the microbial contamination of chicken steaks

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Marta Helena Filet SPOTO

1999-12-01

Full Text Available Neste trabalho estudou-se o efeito da radiação gama na destruição dos microrganismos presentes em filés de frango armazenados sob refrigeração. Um dos possíveis fatores de deterioração da carne de frango é a atividade microbiana. A irradiação é um processo de conservação de alimentos através da eliminação de microrganismos. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com 5 fatores (períodos de armazenamento e 5 níveis (doses de radiação, com 3 repetições por tratamento. As amostras de filé de frango foram irradiadas com doses de 0,0; 2,0; 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0kGy e em seguida armazenadas sob refrigeração (± 5ºC por 1, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A contagem total dos microrganismos foi realizada por plaqueamento em profundidade em meio de cultivo PCA. As amostras não irradiadas permitiram um acréscimo de dois ciclos logarítmicos na contagem microbiana ao longo dos vinte e oito dias de armazenamento (de 10(5 para 10(7UFC/g. As amostras irradiadas com dose de 2,0kGy permitiram acréscimo de um ciclo logarítmico durante os vinte e oito dias de armazenamento (de 10³ para 10(4UFC/g. As doses de radiação de 4,0; 6,0 e 8,0kGy reduziram a população microbiana a níveis de 10²UFC/g no vigésimo primeiro dia e 10¹UFC/g no vigésimo oitavo dia de armazenamento. A irradiação pode ser um processo eficiente para a redução da carga microbiana de filés de frango porque a dose de radiação de 4,0kGy foi suficiente para manter os filés de frango refrigerados com uma população microbiana de 10¹UFC/g até vinte e oito dias de armazenamento.This work evaluate the effect of gamma radiation on reduction of the microbial contamination in chicken steaks stored under refrigeration. Microbial activity causes deterioration in poultry. Irradiation is a process of food preservation by reduction of the number of the microorganisms. The experimental design was in random blocks with 5 factors (storage periods and 5 levels

EEG recording after sleep deprivation in a series of patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy Registros eletrencefalográficos após privação de sono em uma série de pacientes com epilepsia mioclônica juvenil

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Nise Alessandra de Carvalho Sousa

2005-06-01

Full Text Available Seizures in Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME are dependent on the sleep-wake cycle and precipitant factors, among which sleep deprivation (SD is one of the most important. Still an under diagnosed syndrome, misinterpretation of the EEGs contributes to diagnostic delay. Despite this, a quantitative EEG investigation of SD effects has not been performed. We investigated the effect of SD on EEGs in 41 patients, aged 16-50 yr. (mean 25.4, who had not yet had syndromic diagnosis after a mean delay of 8.2 yr. Two EEG recordings separated by a 48-hour interval were taken at 7 a.m. preceded by a period of 6 hours of sleep (routine EEG and after SD (sleep-deprived EEG. The same protocol was followed and included a rest wakefulness recording, photic stimulation, hyperventilation and a post-hyperventilation period. The EEGs were analyzed as to the effect of SD on the number, duration, morphology, localization and predominance of abnormalities in the different stages. A discharge index (DI was calculated. Out of the 41 patients, 4 presented both normal EEG recordings. In 37 (90.2% there were epileptiform discharges (ED. The number of patients with ED ascended from 26 (70.3% in the routine EEG to 32 (86.5% in the sleep-deprived exam. The presence of generalized spike-wave and multispike-wave increased from 20 (54.1% and 13 (35.1% in the first EEG to 29 (78.4% and 19 (51.4% in the second, respectively (pNa epilepsia mioclônica juvenil (EMJ, uma síndrome epiléptica ainda subdiagnosticada, as crises são dependentes do ciclo vigília-sono e de fatores precipitantes, entre os quais a privação de sono (PS é um dos mais importantes. A interpretação inadequada dos EEGs contribui para atraso no diagnóstico. Ainda não foi realizada investigação quantitativa sobre os efeitos da PS. Avaliamos o efeito da PS nos EEGs de 41 pacientes entre 16 e 50 anos (média 25,4 com EMJ em dois registros eletrencefalográficos, separados por intervalo de 48 horas. Os

O líquido cefalorraqueano no post-mortem

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A. Spina-França

1969-12-01

Full Text Available Foi estudado o LCR de 45 cadáveres, sendo os resultados considerados em função do tempo decorrido entre o momento da morte e a colheita do LCR (TOC. Obedecendo a esse critério os casos foram assim grupados: 1 aqueles com TOC até 4 horas; 2 aqueles com TOC de 4 a 8 horas; 3 aqueles com TOC de 8 horas ou mais. Com o aumento do TOC a presença de hemácias no LCR de cadáveres se torna mais freqüente e mais intensa. A mistura de sangue ao LCR prejudica a avaliação das modificações cadavéricas de outros componentes do LCR, conforme foi demonstrado para as concentrações de cloretos glicose e proteínas totais, para o perfil protêico e para a atividade de transaminases. Assim sendo, para avaliar as modificações da composição do LCR próprias ao post-mortem devem ser considerados apenas os casos com menos de 1000 hemácias/mm³. O número normal de leucócitos foi proporcionalmente mais comum nas amostras provenientes de cadáveres cujo TOC era igual ou superior a 8 horas. A pleocitose foi observada com mais freqüência que o número normal de leucócitos, sendo mais comumente ligeira ou discreta. Quantidades superiores a 50 leucócitos/mm³ foram observadas geralmente em casos relativos a pacientes que faleceram na vigência de processos infecciosos agudos. As concentrações de cloretos e de glicose no LCR tendem a cair no postmortem e as diminuições mostraram-se, em média, tanto mais intensas quanto maior o TOC. A hipoglicorraquia foi, em média mais acentuada nos casos com pleoeitose mais intensa. A concentração de uréia tende a elevar-se de modo precoce, não tendo sido encontradas médias significativamente diversas em função do TOC. A atividade de TGO tende a elevar-se no post-mortem sendo esta elevação, em média, mais nítida a partir do grupo de casos com TOC de 4 até 8 horas. Ocorre também tendência a aumento da atividade de TGP; esta se mostrou menos intensa que a de TGO e, em média, foi mais nítida a

Múltiplos tuberculomas intracerebrais na vigência de terapia específica para tuberculose pulmonar: a propósito de um caso Intracranial tuberculomas developing during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: case report

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MARIA LÚCIA VELLUTINI PIMENTEL

2000-06-01

Full Text Available A forma clássica de apresentação da neurotuberculose é a meningite. Os tuberculomas cerebrais são formas raras de neurotuberculose e resultam da disseminação hematogênica de focos distantes de infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Aproximadamente 1% dos pacientes com tuberculose do sistema nervoso central desenvolve tuberculomas intracranianos, poucas semanas ou meses após o início da quimioterapia tuberculostática. A involução das lesões é lenta e não necessariamente significa resistência medicamentosa ou falta de aderência ao tratamento. Descrevemos o caso, diagnosticado e tratado na 25ª Enfermaria da Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, de um paciente imunocompetente que apresentou meningite e tuberculomas múltiplos do sistema nervoso central, durante o tratamento específico de tuberculose miliar. A literatura é revisada e o diagnóstico, terapêutica e possíveis mecanismos imunológicos são discutidos.The classical presentation of neurotuberculosis is meningitis. Intracranial tuberculomas are a rare manifestation of neurotuberculosis and are due to hematogenous dissemination of distant focuses of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Around 1% of patients with central nervous system tuberculosis develop intracranial tuberculomas some weeks or months after the beginning of the specific treatment with tuberculostatic chemotherapy. The involution of the lesions is slow and does not mean drug resistance nor lack of adequate treatment. We describe the case, diagnosed and treated at the 25th Infirmary of Santa Casa da Misericórdia do Rio de Janeiro, of an immunocompetent male patient who developed meningitis and multiple intracranial tuberculomas during the specific treatment of miliary tuberculosis. The literature is revised and the diagnosis, treatment and possible immunological mechanisms are discussed.

Hematoma de músculo iliopsoas na vigência de tratamento com varfarina Hematoma de músculo iliopsoas en la vigencia de tratamiento con warfarina Iliopsoas muscle hematoma during treatment with warfarin

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Gabriel Zago

2010-01-01

Full Text Available A varfarina é droga amplamente utilizada na prevenção de fenômenos tromboembólicos e o conhecimento de seus efeitos adversos faz-se necessário para o acompanhamento dos pacientes. Embora o desenvolvimento de discrasias sanguíneas seja complicação potencial nesses pacientes, a ocorrência de sangramento retroperitoneal é rara. Este artigo discute o caso de um paciente que evoluiu com hematoma do músculo iliopsoas durante tratamento com a referida droga, pós-implante de prótese aórtica metálica, com quadro clínico envolvendo importantes diagnósticos diferenciais.La warfarina es un fármaco ampliamente utilizado en la prevención de fenómenos tromboembólicos, y el conocimiento de sus efectos adversos se hace necesario para el seguimiento de los pacientes. Aunque el desarrollo de discrasias sanguíneas es la complicación potencial en estos pacientes, la ocurrencia de sangrado retroperitoneal es rara. Este artículo discute el caso de un paciente que evolucionó con hematoma del músculo ileopsoas durante tratamiento con el referido fármaco en el postimplante de prótesis mitral metálica, con cuadro clínico implicando importantes diagnósticos diferenciales.Warfarin is a widely used drug for the prevention of thromboembolic events. Knowledge of its adverse effects is necessary for patient follow-up. Although the development of blood dyscrasias is a potential complication in these patients, retroperitoneal bleeding is rare. This article reports the case of a patient who developed iliopsoas muscle hematoma during treatment with warfarin after implantation of a metallic prosthetic aortic valve. The clinical manifestations involved important differential diagnoses.

Aneurisma da artéria carótida interna extracraniana: relato de caso Aneurysm of the extracranial internal carotid artery: a case report

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Marcio Ricardo Taveira Garcia

2004-08-01

Full Text Available Os aneurismas verdadeiros da artéria carótida interna extracraniana são raros, ao contrário dos supraclinóideos, somando menos de 4% dos aneurismas periféricos. Eles se apresentam clinicamente como massas palpáveis cervicais, junto à margem inferior do ângulo da mandíbula, causando rouquidão, disfagia e dor por compressão nervosa. Há freqüente associação desta doença com outros aneurismas periféricos devido à sua etiologia principal (aterosclerose. Os aneurismas periféricos são comumente identificados à ultra-sonografia Doppler, quando na vigência de janela acústica adequada. Nesta situação, os aneurismas podem ser avaliados tanto morfológica como hemodinamicamente. Sua identificação e estudo são importantes para prevenir graves complicações, como tromboses, infartos maciços ou embólicos da área correspondente no sistema nervoso central, ruptura e dissecção, além de auxiliar na indicação da melhor conduta terapêutica.Unlike supraclinoid aneurysms, true aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery are extremely rare (less than 4% of the peripheral aneurysms. The commonest presentation is a pulsatile neck swelling below the angle of the jaw associated with hoarseness, dysphagia and pain (neural compression. Concomitance with other peripherical aneurysms is frequent and caused by atherosclerosis. The morphological and hemodynamic features are very well evaluated by Doppler ultrasound, when the acoustic window is satisfactory. Identification and evaluation of these aneurysms are very important to prevent thrombosis, rupture, dissections, massive strokes and embolic brain infarcts, besides helping in the decision of the best treatment.

Albumina sérica como marcador nutricional de pacientes em hemodiálise Serum albumin as nutritional marker of hemodialysis patients

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Nelma Scheyla José dos Santos

2004-09-01

Full Text Available A prevalência de desnutrição protéico-energético em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à terapia de hemodiálise é elevada. Dentre os diversos parâmetros disponíveis para a avaliação do estado nutricional, a albumina tem sido o mais comumente utilizado para este fim visto a sua estreita associação com a morbidade e mortalidade nesta população. No entanto, vários fatores como idade, comorbidades, hipervolemia e perdas corpóreas podem influenciar as concentrações séricas de albumina. Além disso, na vigência de inflamação, condição comumente presente neste grupo de pacientes, o metabolismo da albumina pode encontrar-se alterado, influenciando os seus níveis plasmáticos. Sendo assim, esta comunicação tem como objetivo abordar os aspectos gerais da albumina e discutir a sua utilização na avaliação do estado nutricional de pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica submetidos à hemodiálise.The prevalence of protein-energy malnutrition is high in patients with chronic renal failure on long-term hemodialysis therapy. Among several parameters available for the assessment of nutritional status, albumin has been the most commonly used given its strong association with morbidity and mortality in those patients. However, many factors such as age, comorbidities, hypervolemia and body losses, can affect the serum albumin concentration. Furthermore, the albumin metabolism can be altered in the presence of inflammation, a common condition in this group of patients. Thus, this communication aimed to address the general aspects of albumin and discuss its usefulness for assessing nutritional status in chronic renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis.

ANÁLISE DOS CICLOS DE PRECIPITAÇÃO NA REGIÃO DE BOA VISTA - RR NOS ANOS DE 1910 A 2014

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Danielle Alves Silva

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este estudo buscou relacionar e identificar a influência dos fenômenos ENOS nos índices de precipitação da série histórica (1910 a 2014 da estação pluviométrica de Boa Vista, Capital do Estado de Roraima, Brasil. Os procedimentos metodológicos compreenderam: a análises estatísticas dos dados diários, mensais e anuais para definição da série pluviométrica identificação de diferentes ciclos pluviométricos; b identificação e confrontação dos dados pluviométricos com os períodos de vigência dos fenômenos ENOS (El Niño e La Niña a fim de identificar relações destes com anomalias observadas na série histórica. A análise da série histórica permitiu a identificação de quatro ciclos pluviométricos, representados por dois ciclos secos e outros dois úmidos. Os eventos ENOS (El Niño e La Niña apresentaram grande compatibilidade com as variações pluviométricas da série. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade do estado e da sociedade civil se organizar aos efeitos dos ciclos de El Niño, em especial a retração do volume superficial de água disponível, estações secas mais fortes e ampliação de eventos de queimadas e, no caso dos ciclos de  La Niña, recorrência de cheias e eventos associados.

An efficient viral vector for functional genomic studies of Prunus fruit trees and its induced resistance to Plum pox virus via silencing of a host factor gene.

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Cui, Hongguang; Wang, Aiming

2017-03-01

RNA silencing is a powerful technology for molecular characterization of gene functions in plants. A commonly used approach to the induction of RNA silencing is through genetic transformation. A potent alternative is to use a modified viral vector for virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to degrade RNA molecules sharing similar nucleotide sequence. Unfortunately, genomic studies in many allogamous woody perennials such as peach are severely hindered because they have a long juvenile period and are recalcitrant to genetic transformation. Here, we report the development of a viral vector derived from Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), a widespread fruit tree virus that is endemic in all Prunus fruit production countries and regions in the world. We show that the modified PNRSV vector, harbouring the sense-orientated target gene sequence of 100-200 bp in length in genomic RNA3, could efficiently trigger the silencing of a transgene or an endogenous gene in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana. We further demonstrate that the PNRSV-based vector could be manipulated to silence endogenous genes in peach such as eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E isoform (eIF(iso)4E), a host factor of many potyviruses including Plum pox virus (PPV). Moreover, the eIF(iso)4E-knocked down peach plants were resistant to PPV. This work opens a potential avenue for the control of virus diseases in perennial trees via viral vector-mediated silencing of host factors, and the PNRSV vector may serve as a powerful molecular tool for functional genomic studies of Prunus fruit trees. © 2016 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and The Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Tarifa externa comum - TEC: estrutura, definição e histórico de mudanças 10.5102/uri.v9i1.1374

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Rafael Battella de Siqueira

2011-06-01

Full Text Available A Tarifa Externa Comum foi criada em 1994 no âmbito do Conselho do Mercado Comum e se prestou à uniformização das alíquotas incidentes sobre bens, serviços e direitos comercializados no MERCOSUL. Assim que promulgada, a estrutura inicial da Tarifa possuía onze níveis, variando de zero a vinte por cento. Em princípio, os bens com maior valor agregado devem sofrer maior taxação, embora este não seja o único critério para o estabelecimento da alíquota a ser recolhida. Outras circunstâncias podem influir na majoração da alíquota, como a existência de produção dos insumos comercializados nos países do bloco e fatores políticos considerados importantes para os objetivos econômicos e sociais do MERCOSUL. Desde sua criação, a Tarifa Externa Comum sofreu diversas alterações em função dos mais variados fatores como, por exemplo, a suficiência, ou não, de abastecimento dos mercados locais com a produção do bloco. Tomando-se por parâmetro a facilitação das transações no âmbito do bloco regional, o objetivo deste artigo é tecer considerações sobre a estrutura, a definição e o histórico das alterações da Tarifa Externa Comum ao longo dos seus dezessete anos de vigência, bem como apontar os principais desafios a serem enfrentados pelo MERCOSUL. Palavras-chave: MERCOSUL. Tarifa Externa Comum. Alterações. Estrutura. Critério. Histórico.

Genome-wide identification of mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family in Gossypium raimondii and the function of their corresponding orthologs in tetraploid cultivated cotton.

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Zhang, Xueying; Wang, Liman; Xu, Xiaoyang; Cai, Caiping; Guo, Wangzhen

2014-12-10

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a crucial role in plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. Knowledge about the MAPK gene family in cotton is limited, and systematic investigation of MAPK family proteins has not been reported. By performing a bioinformatics homology search, we identified 28 putative MAPK genes in the Gossypium raimondii genome. These MAPK members were anchored onto 11 chromosomes in G. raimondii, with uneven distribution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the MAPK candidates could be classified into the four known A, B, C and D groups, with more MAPKs containing the TEY phosphorylation site (18 members) than the TDY motif (10 members). Furthermore, 21 cDNA sequences of MAPKs with complete open reading frames (ORFs) were identified in G. hirsutum via PCR-based approaches, including 13 novel MAPKs and eight with homologs reported previously in tetraploid cotton. The expression patterns of 23 MAPK genes reveal their important roles in diverse functions in cotton, in both various developmental stages of vegetative and reproductive growth and in the stress response. Using a reverse genetics approach based on tobacco rattle virus-induced gene silencing (TRV-VIGS), we further verified that MPK9, MPK13 and MPK25 confer resistance to defoliating isolates of Verticillium dahliae in cotton. Silencing of MPK9, MPK13 and MPK25 can significantly enhance cotton susceptibility to this pathogen. This study presents a comprehensive identification of 28 mitogen-activated protein kinase genes in G. raimondii. Their phylogenetic relationships, transcript expression patterns and responses to various stressors were verified. This study provides the first systematic analysis of MAPKs in cotton, improving our understanding of defense responses in general and laying the foundation for future crop improvement using MAPKs.

Síndrome de Fournier secundária a adenocarcinoma de próstata avançado: relato de caso Fournier's syndrome secondary to advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma: case report

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Rodrigo Rocha Batista

2010-06-01

Full Text Available A Síndrome de Fournier é uma fasciite necrotizante rapidamente progressiva que acomete a genitália e região perineal. Mesmo com os avanços na terapêutica, a morbidade e a mortalidade desta afecção permanecem elevadas. É relatado caso de paciente masculino, 70 anos, com diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma de próstata avançado. Há um dia com dor e aumento de volume escrotal associado a febre. Ao exame físico, paciente séptico com gangrena gasosa do pênis e escroto; ao toque retal, lesão ulcero-vegetante em parede anterior do reto estendendo-se de 3 a 7 cm da borda anal. Realizado desbridamento cirúrgico, com identificação de fístula reto-escrotal transtumoral. Estudo histo-patológico da lesão retal confirmou infiltração por adenocarcinoma de próstata. Recebeu alta hospitalar no vigésimo dia de internação, atualmente em acompanhamento oncológico ambulatorial.Fournier's syndrome is a rapidly progressive necrotizing fasciitis affecting the genitalia and perineal region. Even with the advances in therapy, morbidity and mortality of this disease remain high. We report the case of male patient, 70 years old, diagnosed with advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate. A day with pain and swelling near scrotum associated with fever. The physical examination revealed septic patient with gas gangrene of the penis and scrotum; on digital rectal examination, a vegetative and ulcerated lesion on the anterior wall of the rectum extending from 3 to 7 cm from the anal edge. Performed surgical debridement, with identification of scrotal-rectal fistula transtumoral. Histo-pathological study of the lesion confirmed rectal infiltration by adenocarcinoma of prostate. Was discharged from the hospital on the twentieth day of hospitalization, outpatient cancer currently monitoring.

Mercury contents in aquatic macrophytes from two reservoirs in the Paraíba do Sul: Guandú river system, SE Brazil

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M. M. Molisani

Full Text Available This paper reports on a study to determine the Hg content in the five most abundant aquatic macrophyte species (Elodea densa, Sagittaria montevidensis, Salvinia auriculata, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes in two artificial reservoirs flooded by water diverted from the Paraíba do Sul river, SE Brazil. The potential of these species for Hg accumulation and their role in Hg transport along the river system due to macrophyte management were evaluated. Mercury concentrations were higher in free-floating than in rooted species. Roots were also richer in Hg than were leaves. Dry weight Hg concentrations in leaves and roots from all species varied from 46-246 ng.g-1 to 37-314 ng.g-1, respectively. These values are higher than those reported for uncontaminated lakes in Brazil and in other tropical areas and similar to those reported for moderately contaminated sites. Mercury concentrations can be attributed to fluvial transport from the heavily industrialized Paraíba do Sul river basin. Intensive sampling of Pistia stratiotes from two sites in the Vigário reservoir was performed to evaluate the capacity of Hg incorporation in short periods of time. The results showed a significant negative correlation between Hg content and size class of individual plants, demonstrating the importance of juveniles, fast growing plants in absorbing Hg. The foremost impact related to Hg contents in the studied area concerns the periodic removal of macrophytes for reservoir management, followed by disposal in nearby areas. This results in the mobilization of 0.52 to 1.3 Kg of Hg per year, a significant fraction of the Hg burden present in reservoir waters. Disposal of such material may result in Hg leaching to river systems, affecting the Hg transfer throughout the basin.

Ação do 1-metilciclopropeno na conservação pós-colheita de manga 'Palmer' em diferentes estádios de maturação

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Danielly Cristina Gomes da Trindade

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Resumo:O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP em manga 'Palmer' (Mangifera indica, nos estádios de maturação 2 e 3, para a conservação pós-colheita do fruto durante o período de armazenamento. Foram realizados dois experimentos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro, mangas no estádio de maturação 2 foram submetidas a diferentes doses de 1-MCP (controle, 300, 600 e 1.000 nL L-1, por 12 horas, e tempos de armazenamento refrigerado de 0, 8 e 15 dias a 14,5±2°C e 85±6% UR, seguidos de 3, 5, 7 e 9 dias a 24±2°C e 60±6% UR. No segundo experimento, mangas no estádio de maturação 3 foram submetidas aos mesmos tratamentos do primeiro, porém com aplicação de 1-MCP durante 14 horas e com armazenamento a 13±0,6°C e 87±2% UR, e 24,4±1,9°C e 47±8% UR. O uso de 1-MCP nas doses de 300 e 600 nL L-1, no estádio de maturação 2, melhora a aparência dos frutos, embora se restrinja a efeitos temporários sobre a firmeza de polpa e a degradação de amido. Nas doses de 600 e 1.000 nL L-1, no estádio de maturação 3, o 1-MCP limita a perda de firmeza e mantém a aparência comercial do fruto até o vigésimo quarto dia.

Comportamento de lactentes nascidos a termo pequenos para a idade gestacional no primeiro trimestre da vida Behavior of full term infants small for gestational age in the first three months of life

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Bernadete Balanin A. Mello

2004-12-01

Full Text Available O objetivo foi comparar o comportamento de lactentes nascidos a termo com peso adequado (AIG a lactantes pequenos para a idade gestacional (PIG, no primeiro trimestre de vida. A amostra foi de 20 lactentes, avaliados no 1º, 2º e 3º meses. Foram utilizadas as Escalas Bayley de Desenvolvimento Infantil - II, com ênfase na Escala de Classificação do Comportamento (ECC. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos no 2º mês, com maior número de lactentes PIG classificados como alterados na ECC. O Fator Qualidade Motora demonstrou valores da mediana significativamente menores no grupo PIG, nos itens Motricidade Axial, Controle de Movimentos e Hipertonia Muscular. O Fator Atenção/Vigília não mostrou diferença entre os grupos. Entretanto, quando analisados os itens Exploração de Objetos e de Ambiente e Interação com o Examinador, houve diferença significativa no 2º mês, com valores da mediana menores no grupo PIG.The objective was to compare the behavior of full-term infants small-for-gestational age (SGA with full-term appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA. The sample considered 20 infants in the 1st, 2nd and in the 3rd months of life. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II were used, with attention to items related to Behavior Rate Scale (BRS. It was found that SGA infants showed lower average values in the BRS in the 2nd month. The Motor Quality Factor displayed significantly lower average values in SGA group, in the items Gross-motor Movement Required by Tasks, Control of Movements and Hypertonicity. The Attention/Arousal Factor in the items Exploration of Objects/Surroundings and Orientation to Examiner displayed significantly lower average values in the SGA group.

Regularização de passivos decorrentes das infrações ao regime de Área de Preservação Permanente na lei de proteção da vegetação nativa

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Ana Schenkel

2016-02-01

Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2016v29n1p155 Política florestal não é tema novo no Brasil; desde a época imperial leis foram produzidas tratando das florestas, incluindo os Códigos Florestal e de Águas de 1934 e o Novo Código Florestal de 1965. A versão original do Código de 1965 proibiu a supressão de vegetação em áreas sensíveis – como encostas e margens de rios. Este estudo avalia a operacionalização do Programa de Regularização Ambiental na Microrregião de Florianópolis. Foram utilizadas como referências as normas correlatas ao tema e materiais disponibilizados em sítios eletrônicos de agências governamentais e ONGs. Os dados mostram que depois de três anos de vigência da Lei 12.651/2012, muito do que é exigido não foi implementado e os prazos são ignorados pela União. Pela nova lei agricultores com terras desmatadas terão de replantá-las, o que promoverá o reflorestamento de 30 milhões de hectares, mas a nova lei continua a ser difícil de aplicar, criando expectativa de impunidade para o desmatamento futuro. A partir desta análise, conclui-se que, se não houver pressão da sociedade civil, a Lei 12.651/2012 será uma lei revogada por falta de cumprimento. Isso requer maior informação sobre a lei e o quanto a preservação do ambiente afeta a vida diária de todos.

Landslide Tsunami Hazard in Madeira Island, NE Atlantic - Numerical Simulation of the 4 March 1930 Tsunami

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Omira, R.; Baptista, M. A.; Quartau, R.; Ramalho, M. I.

2017-12-01

Madeira, the main Island of the Madeira Archipelago with an area of 728 km2, is a North East Atlantic volcanic Island highly susceptible to cliff instability. Historical records contain accounts of a number of mass-wasting events along the Island, namely in 1969, 1804, 1929 and 1930. Collapses of cliffs are major hazards in oceanic Islands as they involve relatively large volumes of material, generating fast running debris avalanches, and even cause destructive tsunamis when entering the sea. On March 4th, 1930, a sector of the Cape Girão cliff, located in the southern shore of Madeira Island, collapsed into the sea and generated an 8 m tsunami wave height. The landslide-induced tsunami propagated along Madeirás south coast and flooded the Vigário beach, 200-300 m of inundation extent, causing 20 casualties. In this study, we investigate the 1930 subaerial landslide-induced tsunami and its impact on the nearest coasts using numerical modelling. We first reconstruct the pre-event morphology of the area, and then simulate the initial movement of the sliding mass, the propagation of the tsunami wave and the inundation of the coast. We use a multi-layer numerical model, in which the lower layer represents the deformable slide, assumed to be a visco-plastic fluid, and bounded above by air, in the subaerial motion phase, and by seawater governed by shallow water equations. The results of the simulation are compared with the historical descriptions of the event to calibrate the numerical model and evaluate the coastal impact of a similar event in present-day coastline configuration of the Island. This work is supported by FCT- project UID/GEO/50019/2013 - Instituto Dom Luiz and by TROYO project.

REFORMA TRIBUTARIA NO BRASIL: entre o ideal e o possível

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Edilberto Carlos Pontes Lima

2009-08-01

Full Text Available Há um sentimento generalizado na sociedade brasileira de que a reforma tributaria tornou-se necessária. As rápidas transformações pelas quais a economia mundial vem passando nos últimos anos, em particular a intensa integração entre os mercados, deixam pouca margem para que se conviva com um sistema tributário que entrave o crescimento econômico ao reduzir a produtividade da economia do país. Grande parte das deficiências do sis-tema tributário nacional tem origem na Constituição de 1988, que reformou amplamente o papel do Estado na economia, incluindo a tributação. A sensação na sociedade - compartilhada por diversos especialistas - e de que a Constituição criou um sistema de financiamento insuficiente para o tamanho do Estado nela definido. 0 resultado foi que o governo federal teve de criar, posteriormente a promulgação da Carta Magna, uma serie de tributos para completar o financiamento do Estado, sem maior preocupação com regras econômicas de tributação, apenas visando a arrecadação. Assim, criaram-se a Contribuição Social sobre o Lucro Liquido (CSLL, em 1989, o Imposto Provisório sobre Movimentação Financeira (IPMF,com vigência em 1993, posteriormente recriado como Contribuição Provisória sobre Movimentação Financeira (CPMF,em 1996, sucessivamente prorrogada, e aumentou-se a alíquota da Contribuição para o Financiamento da Seguridade Social (Cofins de 0,5 para 2%, em1990, e para 3%, em 1999.

Jasmonate ZIM-domain (JAZ protein regulates host and nonhost pathogen-induced cell death in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana.

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Yasuhiro Ishiga

Full Text Available The nonhost-specific phytotoxin coronatine (COR produced by several pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae functions as a jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile mimic and contributes to disease development by suppressing plant defense responses and inducing reactive oxygen species in chloroplast. It has been shown that the F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1 (COI1 is the receptor for COR and JA-Ile. JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ proteins act as negative regulators for JA signaling in Arabidopsis. However, the physiological significance of JAZ proteins in P. syringae disease development and nonhost pathogen-induced hypersensitive response (HR cell death is not completely understood. In this study, we identified JAZ genes from tomato, a host plant for P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000, and examined their expression profiles in response to COR and pathogens. Most JAZ genes were induced by COR treatment or inoculation with COR-producing Pst DC3000, but not by the COR-defective mutant DB29. Tomato SlJAZ2, SlJAZ6 and SlJAZ7 interacted with SlCOI1 in a COR-dependent manner. Using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS, we demonstrated that SlJAZ2, SlJAZ6 and SlJAZ7 have no effect on COR-induced chlorosis in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana. However, SlJAZ2-, SlJAZ6- and SlJAZ7-silenced tomato plants showed enhanced disease-associated cell death to Pst DC3000. Furthermore, we found delayed HR cell death in response to the nonhost pathogen Pst T1 or a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP, INF1, in SlJAZ2- and SlJAZ6-silenced N. benthamiana. These results suggest that tomato JAZ proteins regulate the progression of cell death during host and nonhost interactions.

Induction of leafy galls in Acacia mearnsii De Wild seedlings infected by Rhodococcus fascians

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Marguerite Quoirin

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Plantlets of blackwattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild were inoculated with the bacterium Rhodococcus fascians and cultured in vitro. Leafy galls appeared at the cotyledonary nodes in 75% of the infected plants. The galls were separated from the plants and cultured on a medium containing three-quarters-strength MS salts (Murashige and Skoog, 1962, MS vitamins, 2% sucrose and an antibiotic (cephalothin, supplemented with or without 0.2% activated charcoal. Histological studies conducted from the sixth to the twenty-second day after plant infection revealed the presence of newly formed meristematic centers, first in the axillary region, then on the petioles and lamina of the leaflets around the apical meristem. Approximately 37% of the galls developed one shoot with both concentrations of cephalothin.Plantas recém germinadas de acácia negra (Acacia mearnsii De Wild. foram inoculadas com a bactéria Rhodococcus fascians e cultivadas in vitro. Galhas cobertas por folhas apareceram na altura do nó cotiledonar em 75% das plantas infectadas. As galhas foram separadas das plantas e cultivadas num meio de cultura contendo os sais do meio MS (Murashige e Skoog, 1962 reduzidos a 3/4, as vitaminas do mesmo meio, 2% de sacarose e um antibiótico (cefalotina, adicionado ou não de 0,2% de carvão ativo. Estudos histológicos realizados entre o sexto e o vigésimo segundo dia depois da inoculação, revelaram a presença de centros meristemáticos novos, primeiro nas regiões axilares, em seguida nos pecíolos e limbos dos folíolos ao redor do meristema apical. Aproximadamente 37% das galhas desenvolveram um broto na presença de cefalotina.

Sono, trabalho e estudo: duração do sono em estudantes trabalhadores e não trabalhadores Sleep, work, and study: sleep duration in working and non-working students

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Érico Felden Pereira

2011-05-01

Full Text Available Este estudo objetivou investigar a duração do sono e fatores associados em escolares trabalhadores e não trabalhadores. Foram coletadas informações sobre o padrão do ciclo vigília/sono de 863 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos em escolas de São Paulo, Brasil. Análises ajustadas foram aplicadas para comparação da duração do sono entre trabalhadores e não trabalhadores. O porcentual de adolescentes trabalhadores foi de 18,4% e 52% dos jovens que trabalhavam apresentaram oito ou menos horas de sono. A prevalência de baixa duração do sono foi maior nos trabalhadores dos sexos masculino (p = 0,017 e feminino (p The aim of this study was to investigate the duration of sleep and associated factors in working and non-working students. Data were analyzed on the sleep-wake cycle in 863 teenage students in São Paulo, Brazil. Adjusted analyses were performed to compare sleep duration in working and non-working students. 18.4% of the group worked, and 52% of the working students slept eight hours or less per night. Prevalence of short sleep duration was higher in working students of both sexes (males, p = 0.017; females, p < 0.001. Working students showed short sleep duration in the analysis adjusted for socioeconomic status, but short sleep was more frequent in older adolescents (p = 0.004 and in lower (p = 0.001 and middle (p = 0.011 socioeconomic classes. Although more working students were in night school, in the model adjusted for gender and socioeconomic status, working students in afternoon courses showed higher prevalence of short sleep duration (PR = 2.53; 95%CI: 1.68-4.12.

Two transcriptional activators of N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 and melatonin biosynthesis in cassava.

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Wei, Yunxie; Liu, Guoyin; Bai, Yujing; Xia, Feiyu; He, Chaozu; Shi, Haitao; Foyer, Christine

2017-10-13

Similar to the situation in animals, melatonin biosynthesis is regulated by four sequential enzymatic steps in plants. Although the melatonin synthesis genes have been identified in various plants, the upstream transcription factors of them remain unknown. In this study on cassava (Manihot esculenta), we found that MeWRKY79 and heat-shock transcription factor 20 (MeHsf20) targeted the W-box and the heat-stress elements (HSEs) in the promoter of N-acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 2 (MeASMT2), respectively. The interaction between MeWRKY79, MeHsf20, and the MeASMT2 promoter was evidenced by the activation of promoter activity and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) in cassava protoplasts, and by an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The transcripts of MeWRKY79, MeHsf20, and MeASMT2 were all regulated by a 22-amino acid flagellin peptide (flg22) and by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv manihotis (Xam). In common with the phenotype of MeASMT2, transient expression of MeWRKY79 and MeHsf20 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves conferred improved disease resistance. Through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) in cassava, we found that MeWRKY79- and MeHsf20-silenced plants showed lower transcripts of MeASMT2 and less accumulation of melatonin, which resulted in disease sensitivity that could be reversed by exogenous melatonin. Taken together, these results indicate that MeASMT2 is a target of MeWRKY79 and MeHsf20 in plant disease resistance. This study identifies novel upstream transcription factors of melatonin synthesis genes in cassava, thus extending our knowledge of the complex modulation of melatonin synthesis in plant defense. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

CONTROLADORIA: UM NOVO CONCEITO APLICADO À GESTÃO PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL

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Evandro Kunz

2008-01-01

Full Text Available A inclusão do princípio da eficiência, através da Emenda Constitucional nº. 19, de 04 de junho de 1998, e a edição da Lei Complementar nº. 101, de 04 de maio de 2000, que objetiva uma gestão pública gerencialmente planejada, equilibrada, eficiente, eficaz e transparente, marcam uma nova era na administração pública brasileira. Inicia, assim, a modernização da gestão pública, que recorre a ferramentas desenvolvidas para empresas privadas, visando a melhorar a gestão da organização e, conseqüentemente, otimizar a aplicação dos recursos públicos. Este artigo tem por objetivo demonstrar a sensível mudança na forma de administrar órgãos públicos após a vigência dessas leis. Demonstra o nascimento da controladoria aplicada à administração pública, a necessidade da utilização da contabilidade de custos, instituição de sistemas de controle, avaliação da gestão, reformulação das políticas de recursos humanos, elaboração de planos orçamentários coerentes e participação ativa da sociedade nesse processo. Do ponto de vista metodológico, o artigo é de cunho descritivo, utilizando-se procedimentos de revisão bibliográfica e documental e provocando a reflexão sobre a importância da boa gestão pública para o bem-estar da sociedade. Palavras-chave: Controladoria. Gestão Pública. Administração Pública.

Marxismo, a alienação e o tempo histórico da barbárie social do capital Marxism, Alienation and the Historic Time of the Social Barbarity of Capital

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Giovanni Alves

2013-06-01

Full Text Available O objetivo do ensaio é expor a alienação/estranhamento como o problema crucial do nosso tempo histórico, buscando salientar os significados do conceito de "autotranscendência positiva da alienação", considerada por István Meszáros, como sendo o eixo da reflexão marxiana nos Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos. Para tanto, discorre sobre o novo registro histórico da Aufhebung nas condições da crise estrutural do capital e a vigência do capitalismo global como capitalismo manipulatório. Aborda a centralidade ontológica da problemática da vida cotidiana e o estranhamento na perspectiva da crítica radical do trabalho. Finalmente, coloca elementos para refletir, na perspectiva do marxismo radical, sobre a transição como sendo o problema de produção dos sujeitos humanos, capazes da autotranscendência positiva da alienação.The purpose of this essay is to explore alienation as a crucial problem of our historic time, seeking to emphasize the meanings of the concept of "positive self-transcendence of alienation", which is considered by István Meszáros as the central axis of Marxian reflection in the Economic-Philosophic Manuscripts. To do so, it looks at the new historic registration of Aufhebung considering the conditions of the structural crisis of capital and the rule of global capitalism as manipulative capitalism. It addresses the ontological centrality of the problematic of everyday life and alienation from the perspective of the radical criticism of work. Finally, it raises elements for reflection, from a radical Marxist perspective, about the transition as being the problem of production of human subjects, capable of positive self-transcendence from alienation.

TaEDS1 genes positively regulate resistance to powdery mildew in wheat.

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Chen, Guiping; Wei, Bo; Li, Guoliang; Gong, Caiyan; Fan, Renchun; Zhang, Xiangqi

2018-04-01

Three EDS1 genes were cloned from common wheat and were demonstrated to positively regulate resistance to powdery mildew in wheat. The EDS1 proteins play important roles in plant basal resistance and TIR-NB-LRR protein-triggered resistance in dicots. Until now, there have been very few studies on EDS1 in monocots, and none in wheat. Here, we report on three common wheat orthologous genes of EDS1 family (TaEDS1-5A, 5B and 5D) and their function in powdery mildew resistance. Comparisons of these genes with their orthologs in diploid ancestors revealed that EDS1 is a conserved gene family in Triticeae. The cDNA sequence similarity among the three TaEDS1 genes was greater than 96.5%, and they shared sequence similarities of more than 99.6% with the respective orthologs from diploid ancestors. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the EDS1 family originated prior to the differentiation of monocots and dicots, and EDS1 members have since undergone clear structural differentiation. The transcriptional levels of TaEDS1 genes in the leaves were obviously higher than those of the other organs, and they were induced by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) infection and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. The BSMV-VIGS experiments indicated that knock-down the transcriptional levels of the TaEDS1 genes in a powdery mildew-resistant variety of common wheat compromised resistance. Contrarily, transient overexpression of TaEDS1 genes in a susceptible common wheat variety significantly reduced the haustorium index and attenuated the growth of Bgt. Furthermore, the expression of TaEDS1 genes in the Arabidopsis mutant eds1-1 complemented its susceptible phenotype to powdery mildew. The above evidences strongly suggest that TaEDS1 acts as a positive regulator and confers resistance against powdery mildew in common wheat.

Mechanisms Controlling Annual, Interannual, and Decadal Changes in California's Carbon Budget

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Goulden, M. L.; Jin, Y.; Randerson, J. T.; Trumbore, S.; Hsueh, D.; Fellows, A.; Anderson, R.; McMillan, A.; Roberts, D.; Riley, W.; Dennison, P.

2006-12-01

We used remote sensing-based measurements of land-surface properties, in-situ measurements of land- atmosphere exchange, mechanistic models of biogeochemistry and atmospheric transport, and previously compiled data sets of fossil fuel use, agricultural yield, land use, and biomass to better understand California's Carbon budget. Key findings include: (1) California's NPP in the early 2000s (190 x 1012 gC y-1) was roughly double its fossil fuel emission (95 x 1012 gC y-1). Since ecosystem carbon storage is typically less than half NPP, California's net C budget was dominated by fossil fuel emissions. (2) Fluctuations in ecosystem NEP caused by climate variability (18 x 1012 gC y-1) were the dominant cause of interannual carbon cycle variability. Fluctuations in fossil fuel consumption caused by the business cycle (8 x 1012 gC y-1) and fluctuations associated with wildland fire (3 x 1012 gC y-1) were smaller. (3) Approximately 50% of California's fossil fuel emissions are advected to the south or west; only 50% of California's fossil fuel emissions are transported east, creating a challenge for efforts to use longitudinal CO2 gradients to constrain North America's carbon budget. (4) Alternative spectral indices based on visible greenness (VARI or VIG) or that include information on short-wave IR absorption (NDWI, NDII7 or RSR) were more tightly correlated with LAI, live fuel moisture, and whole ecosystem CO2 flux than more commonly used near-IR-based indices (NDVI, EVI). (5) Unmanaged forests, especially in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, have lost carbon over the last 70 years as a result of the selective mortality of large trees. This mortality was likely caused by episodic insect outbreaks, which may have been exacerbated by stand thickening associated with fire suppression.

Entre as "máfias" e a "ajuda": a construção de conhecimento sobre tráfico de pessoas Between the "mafias" and "help": the building of knowledge on human trafficking

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Adriana Piscitelli

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Neste artigo comento algumas dificuldades relativas à produção do conhecimento sobre tráfico de pessoas. Tomo como referência experiências de pesquisa realizadas no Brasil e na Espanha que mostram a importância de mapear e situar os pressupostos dos diferentes grupos de interesse envolvidos, incluindo as pessoas que se espera proteger e atender. Analiso problemas metodológicos, discutindo os efeitos da vigência de diferentes definições de tráfico de pessoas na produção de dados e documentos. Finalmente, levo em conta a contribuição das distinções entre crime e violação dos direitos humanos para refletir sobre um dos aspectos presentes no material: a distância entre a percepção de pessoas tecnicamente consideradas vítimas de tráfico e definições legais desse crime.In this article, I comment on some difficulties related to the building up of knowledge on human trafficking. I base myself on research experience carried out in Brazil and in Spain which shows the importance of mapping and locating the notions of the different interest groups involved, including those people whom it is expected to protect and help. I analyze methodological problems, discussing the effects of the validity of the different definitions of human trafficking in the production of data and documents. In conclusion, I take into consideration the distinctions between crime and the violation of human rights so as to reflect on one of the aspects present in the material: the distance between the perception of tose technically considered to be victims of trafficking and the legal definitions of this crime.

McWRI1, a transcription factor of the AP2/SHEN family, regulates the biosynthesis of the cuticular waxes on the apple fruit surface under low temperature

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Ji, Qianlong; Zhang, Kezhong; Yang, Mingfeng

2017-01-01

Cuticular waxes of plant and organ surfaces play an important role in protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stress and extending the freshness, storage time and shelf life in the post-harvest agricultural products. WRI1, a transcription factor of AP2/SHEN families, had been found to trigger the related genes taking part in the biosynthesis of seed oil in many plants. But whether WRI1 is involved in the biosynthesis of the cuticular waxes on the Malus fruits surface has been unclear. We investigated the changes of wax composition and structure, the related genes and WRI1 expression on Malus asiatica Nakai and sieversii fruits with the low temperature treatments, found that low temperature induced the up-regulated expression of McWRI1, which promoted gene expression of McKCS, McLACs and McWAX in very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis pathway, resulting in the accumulation of alkanes component and alteration of wax structure on the fruit surface. Corresponding results were verified in McWRI1 silenced by VIGS, and WRI1 silenced down-regulated the related genes on two kinds of fruits, it caused the diversity alteration in content of some alkanes, fatty acid and ester component in two kinds of fruits. We further conducted Y1H assay to find that McWRI1 transcription factor activated the promoter of McKCS, McLAC and McWAX to regulate their expression. These results demonstrated that McWRI1 is involved in regulating the genes related synthesis of very long chain fatty acid on surface of apple fruits in storage process, providing a highlight for improvement of the modified atmosphere storage of apple fruits. PMID:29073205

Caracterização morfológica de frutos, sementes e germinação de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. e Schult. Penn. (Sapotaceae

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Kelina Bernardo Silva

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Estudos que visam ao conhecimento da morfologia de sementes e plântulas contribuem para a identificação das espécies, facilitando o reconhecimento das fases iniciais do seu desenvolvimento. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram caracterizar morfologicamente as estruturas externa e interna dos frutos e das sementes de Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. e Schult. Penn., além de descrever e ilustrar a morfologia externa da plântula. Para a descrição dos frutos foram observados detalhes externos e internos do pericarpo, referentes a textura, consistência, cor, pilosidade, brilho, forma, número de sementes por fruto e deiscência. Foram analisadas as seguintes variáveis externas das sementes: dimensões, cor, textura, consistência, forma e posição do hilo e da micrópila; e as internas: presença ou ausência de endosperma, tipo, forma, cor, posição dos cotilédones, eixo-hipocótilo-radícula e plúmula. A germinação foi considerada desde o intumescimento da semente até a emissão dos protófilos, sendo a plântula considerada estabelecida quando os protófilos já estavam totalmente expandidos. Os frutos de S. obtusifolium são dos tipos bacoide, globoso ou elipsoide, indeiscente e monospérmico. As sementes variam de globosas a elipsoides, e o embrião é do tipo cotiledonar e ocupa posição basal na semente. A germinação tem início no décimo segundo dia e pode ser encerrada no vigésimo primeiro dia após a semeadura.

Programs for Children with Specific Learning Disabilities. P.L. 91-230, Title VI-G. Final Report on Products and Results of Year's Work, July 1, 1973 to June 30, 1974. Fail Save Continuum.

Science.gov (United States)

1974

Presented is the final report of the Learning Disability Fail-Save Continuum Project, designed to provide identification, assessment, and placement services to 378 elementary and secondary level students. Outlined in Section I are the following project components: major revisions from the original proposal (such as implementation of the itinerant…

Esquistossomose pulmonar. III. Forma crônica extensa com hipertensão pulmonar e na vigência de hipertensão portal associada a provável coroidite e retinite esquistossomótica

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Jayme Neves

1980-12-01

Full Text Available Os Autores descrevem um caso grave de esquistossomose mansoni numa criança de 9 anos de idade (forma hepática com hipertensão portai associada a forma pulmonar com hipertensão pulmonar e cor pulmonale clinicamente caracterizado por episódios de insuficiência respiratória desencadeados em face de esforços físicos moderados. Sucessivos exames radiológicos de tórax revelaram comprometimento predominantemente arteriolar ao iado de uma micronodulação delicada e difusamente distribuída e configuração de cor pulmonale. Ao contrário do caso anteriormente descrito, a evolução se deu sem que se verificassem manifestações febris. Embora tenham sido afastadas várias hipóteses de associação da esquistossomose a concausas infectuosas, optou-se pelo tratamento de prova da tuberculose pulmonar. O fundo de olho também apresentava vários nódulos esbranquiçados disseminados pelo coróide e retina, caracterizando provável coroidite e retinite esquistossomótica. O tratamento antituberculoso resultou praticamente nulo. Não se procedeu ao tratamento específico da esquistossomose, considerando-se o alto risco da cardiopatia face aos esquistossomicidas disponíveis. A alta foi fornecida após treze meses de observação hospitalar. Não compareceu a ulterior controle.

Efeito da inversão dos turnos de trabalho sobre capacidade aeróbia e respostas cardiovasculares ao esforço máximo Effect of the work shift reversal on the aerobic capacity and cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise

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Anna Myrna Jaguaribe de Lima

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Os distúrbios do sono e alterações associadas atingem grande parte da população que trabalha no turno noturno, afetando a sua qualidade de vida. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a capacidade aeróbia e as respostas cardiovasculares ao exercício máximo em indivíduos com ciclo sono vigília fisiológico e com inversão dos turnos de trabalho. Foram analisados 18 indivíduos do sexo masculino, sedentários, com idade entre 23-35 anos, divididos em 2 grupos: a grupo controle, formado por estudantes (n=9 e b grupo experimental, composto por controladores de tráfego aéreo que trabalhavam com inversão dos turnos de trabalho (n=9. Para a medida da capacidade aeróbia, foi determinado o VO2máx. por meio do analisador de gases metabólicos (VO-2000, Aerosport, Medgraphics. Para o teste de esforço máximo foi realizado o protocolo de rampa em esteira (Millenniun ATL Inbramed e as respostas cardiovasculares (FC, PAS e PAD foram verificadas antes e após a realização do exercício. De acordo com os resultados, o grupo experimental apresentou valores inferiores de FC no repouso (79,8 ± 11,5 bpm vs. 70,3 ± 3,8 bpm, no 5º (112,7± 15,1 bpm vs. 98,7 ± 6,3 bpm e no 7º minuto (108,7 ± 16,6 bpm vs. 93,9 ± 6,8 bpm de recuperação. Quanto à PAS, foram observados valores superiores durante o repouso (110,0 ± 11,2 mmHg vs. 104,0 ± 5,7 mmHg, nos indivíduos do grupo controle. Já a PAD, mostrou níveis superiores no 5º minuto da recuperação no grupo experimental (67,0 ± 4,4 mmHg vs. 58,9 ± 6,0 mmHg. Por fim, foram verificados valores superiores de VO2máx. para os indivíduos do grupo controle (58,9 ± 6,1 ml/kg/min em relação ao experimental (53,7 ± 2,5 ml/kg/min. Desta forma, podemos concluir que a inversão nos turnos de trabalho, afetando o ciclo sono-vigília, altera não apenas o ciclo circadiano das variáveis cardiovasculares no repouso e na recuperação do esforço, como também traz prejuízos à capacidade

Cronobiologia e suas Influências nas Vivências de Lazer

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Bianca Araujo Pizzolito

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Resumo

A exclusão no lazer, em geral, é estudada a partir de diversas variáveis, sendo as mais clássicas: renda, gênero, idade, escolaridade e inserção espacial. Este estudo abordou outra variável: a relação sono/vigília, questão estudada diretamente pela cronobiologia, área que estuda os ritmos biológicos, caracterizando os seres humanos em matutinos, vespertinos ou intermediários. O estudo verificou os possíveis impactos que esses ritmos biológicos exercem sobre o lazer dos indivíduos, assim como, as possíveis reordenações diárias das atividades de trabalho e lazer a que são submetidos por esta condição. O método utilizado foi a história oral, com a coleta de dados realizada por meio das técnicas da historia oral temática, contando com um roteiro de temas, entrevistas gravadas e transcritas. As principais considerações foram: uma vez que os horários sociais são essencialmente diurnos, os indivíduos matutinos não apontaram grande dificuldade em (re organizar seus horários, para esses indivíduos as vivências de lazer noturnas ficam restritas, geralmente, a eventos de cunho social, enquanto as atividades de lazer pela manhã são mais individuais. Enquanto que com as pessoas vespertinas, foi possível identificar maior dificuldade de adequação aos horários sociais e um esforço de adaptação dos horários de maior disposição com os de produtividade. As atividades de lazer coincidiam com a oferta social de lazer, geralmente, nos períodos da tarde e da noite. Desta forma, verificou-se que embora exista um horário social, do qual participam diferentes indivíduos, existem características de um lazer matutino e um vespertino que são sustentadas no cotidiano e nos discursos.