Warming preterm infants in the delivery room: polyethylene bags, exothermic mattresses or both?

Science.gov (United States)

McCarthy, Lisa K; O'Donnell, Colm P F

2011-12-01

To compare the admission temperature of infants treated with polyethylene bags alone to infants treated with exothermic mattresses in addition to bags in the delivery room. We prospectively studied infants born at bags at birth. Some infants were also placed on mattresses. Admission axillary temperatures were measured in all infants on admission to the neonatal intensive care. We compared the temperatures of infants treated with bags alone to those treated with mattresses and bags. We studied 43 infants: 15 were treated with bags while 28 were treated with a bag and mattress. Mean admission temperature was similar between the groups. Hypothermia and hyperthermia occurred more frequently in infants treated with a bag and mattress, and more infants treated with a bag had admission temperatures 36.5-37.5°C. The use of exothermic mattresses in addition to polyethylene bags, particularly in younger, smaller newborns, may result in more hypothermia and hyperthermia on admission. A randomised controlled trial is necessary to determine which strategy results in more infants having admission temperatures in the normal range. © 2011 The Author(s)/Acta Paediatrica © 2011 Foundation Acta Paediatrica.

30 CFR 62.160 - Hearing protectors.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS OCCUPATIONAL NOISE EXPOSURE § 62.160 Hearing protectors. (a) A mine operator must provide a hearing protector to a miner whose noise exposure equals or exceeds the action level under § 62.120 of this part. In addition, the mine operator must: (1) Train the miner in accordance with § 62.180 of this...

Cost-effectiveness of hip protectors in frail institutionalized elderly

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Schoor, N.M.; de Bruyne, M.C.; van der Roer, N.; Lommerse, E.; van Tulder, M.; Bouter, L.M.; Lips, P.T.A.M.

2004-01-01

A randomized controlled trial was performed to examine the cost-effectiveness of external hip protectors in the prevention of hip fractures. Since the hip protectors were not effective in preventing hip fractures in our study, the main objective became to examine whether the use of hip protectors

Bases y Protectores Cavitarios, Realidad y Futuro

OpenAIRE

Seijas Rodriguez, Pedro; Seijas Sanchez, Cecilia

2014-01-01

Con la aparición de nuevos materiales en odontología restauradora se ha despertado discusión en relación con el uso de lo que se conoce con el nombre de bases y protectores cavitarios. Tradicionalmente el uso de bases y protectores cavitarios siempre han ocupado lugar prominente en odontologia restauradora. Una ligera digresión puede permitirnos la separación y clarificación de conceptos entre lo que es una base y un protector cavitario o dentinario. Las diferencias radican en la viscosidad d...

Analisis Reduksi Intensitas Cahaya Pada Smartphones’ Screen Protector Dan Dampaknya Pada Mata

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bhekti Kumorowati

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Analisis reduksi intensitas cahaya yang melewati screen protector dan identifikasi kemampuan screen protector sebagai pelindung mata dilakukan dengan mengukur reduksi intensitas cahaya menggunakan luxmeter, kemudian menetapkan fokus bahasan yang mencakup kemampuan cahaya menembus screen protector dan analisis fisis screen protector sebagai pelindung mata. Peran sebagai pelindung mata dikaji melalui pendekatan peristiwa polarisasi yaitu proses terserapnya sebagian arah getar cahaya. Dihasilkan sebagian arah getar cahaya layar smartphone sebelum masuk ke mata akan terserap oleh screen protector sehingga dapat memperlambat terjadinya degenerasi makula. Rekomendasi pemilihan screen protector bergantung pada besarnya koefisien atenuasi (koefisien penyerapan yang dimiliki masing-masing screen protector. Koefisien atenuasi terbesar dimiliki oleh screen protector jenis anti spy.

Does a foamy-block mattress system prevent pressure sores ? A prospective randomised clinical trial in 1729 patients.

Science.gov (United States)

Berthe, J V; Bustillo, A; Mélot, C; de Fontaine, S

2007-01-01

Pressure ulcers are a frequent complication of bed rest. The development of an efficient and low cost pressure relieving system for the prevention of bed-sores would be of considerable hospital health and economic interest. Our study was designed to determine the effectiveness in pressure-sore prevention of an interface pressure-decreasing mattress, the Kliniplot mattress, used in our institution since 1978. In a prospective randomised controlled 7-month clinical trial we compared the Kliniplot mattress with our standard hospital mattress in 1729 patients admitted to medical and surgical departments (neurology, cardiology, oncology-haematology, neurosurgery, thoracic surgery and orthopaedic surgery). Two groups (Klinipot mattress and standard hospital mattress) were monitored for the prevention of pressure sores. The patients were evaluated on a daily basis from their admission until the eventual occurrence of a bed-sore. Patients' characteristics and pressure-sore risk factors were similar at the baseline in both groups. Patients presenting with a pressure sore at the time of admission were excluded. Forty-two of the 1729 patients (2.4%) who entered the study developed at least one pressure sore. Twenty-one of the 657 patients (3.2%) nursed on the Kliniplot mattress, and 21 of the 1072 patients (1.9%) on the standard mattress developed bed-sores (p = 0.154). The median time for the occurrence of pressure sores was 31 days (range 6-87) with the Kliniplot mattress and 18 days (range 2 to 38) with the standard mattress (p sores using the modified Ek's scale were no different at the baseline between both groups (p = 0.764). The severity of the pressure sores was no different between both groups (p = 0.918). Our results show that the occurrence of pressure sores is not reduced but is delayed when patients are nursed on a Kliniplot pressure-decreasing mattress.

Sterilization using ozone-ion gas sterilization using ozone-ion gas for mattresses used by the elderly; Ozone ion kunjoho ni kansuru kenkyu. Ozone ion kunjoho no zaitaku kaigoyo mattress mekkin eno oyo

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mikami, H.; Suzuki, A.; Hamasaki, H. [Shinryo Corp., Tokyo (Japan); Ishikawa, S.; Miyata, M.; Nanba, T. [Kitasato Univ., Tokyo (Japan); Sueyoshi, K. [Mitsubishi Research Institute Inc., Tokyo (Japan)

1999-05-25

The new generation of Japanese is facing an aging society: the number of young people is decreasing dramatically, while the number of elderly is increasing. Consequently, care for the elderly has become a big problem. One particular problem area we`ve investigated is the use of unclean mattresses by the bedridden elderly. These mattresses provide an all too excellent environments for the growth of microbes. We measured the density of microbes on the cover of mattresses at 775cfu/cm{sup 2} and in the bed filling at 136cfu/g. The dominant species of microbes were MRSA and Bacillus. We used MRSA, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli as biological indicators and tested whether our system using ozone-ion fumigants was applicable for sterilization of mattresses. The survival ratio of MRSA were 10{sup -8} {approx} 10{sup -9}, 10{sup -7} {approx} 10{sup -8} for B. subtilis and below 10{sup -8} for E. coli. These experiments made it clear that our system is applicable for sterilization of the mattresses used by bedfast elderly. (author)

Evaluation of free-stall mattress bedding treatments to reduce mastitis bacterial growth

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kristula, M A; Dou, Z; Toth, J D; Smith, B I; Harvey, N; Sabo, M [University of Penn, Kennett Square, PA (United States)

2008-05-15

Bacterial counts were compared in free-stall mattresses and teat ends exposed to 5 treatments in a factorial study design on 1 dairy farm. Mattresses in five 30-cow groups were subjected to 1 of 5 bedding treatments every other day: 0.5 kg of hydrated limestone, 120 mL of commercial acidic conditioner, 1 kg of coal fly ash, 1 kg of kiln-dried wood shavings, and control (no bedding). Counts of coliforms, Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus spp. were lowest on mattresses bedded with lime. Mattresses bedded with the commercial acidic conditioner had the next lowest counts for coliforms, Klebsiella spp., and Streptococcus spp. Wood shavings and the no-bedding control had the highest counts for coliform and Klebsiella spp. Compared with wood shavings or control, fly ash reduced the counts of coliforms, whereas for the other 3 bacterial groups, the reduction was not always significant. Streptococcus spp. counts were greatest in the control group and did not differ among the shavings and fly ash groups. Teat swab results indicated that hydrated lime was the only bedding treatment that significantly decreased the counts of both coliforms and Klebsiella spp. There were no differences in Streptococcus spp. numbers on the teats between any of the bedding treatments. Bacterial populations grew steadily on mattresses and were generally higher at 36 to 48 h than at 12 to 24 h, whereas bacterial populations on teats grew rapidly by 12 h and then remained constant. Hydrated lime was the only treatment that significantly reduced bacterial counts on both mattresses and teat ends, but it caused some skin irritation.

Bedding on geotextile mattresses: how much is needed to improve cow comfort?

Science.gov (United States)

Tucker, C B; Weary, D M

2004-09-01

The objective of our study was to evaluate how the amount of sawdust bedding on mattresses affects dairy cattle behavior and preferences. Eleven nonlactating, multiparous cows were housed individually in pens with access to 3 free stalls. Each stall was fitted with a geotextile mattress covered with either 0, 1, or 7.5 kg of kiln-dried sawdust. The experiment began with 7 d of acclimatization to all 3 stalls. Cows were then allowed access to only 1 of the 3 stalls at a time, each for 3 d (restriction phase). At the end of this restriction phase, cows were allowed free access to all 3 stalls for 3 d (free-choice phase). Time spent lying and the number of lying bouts increased significantly with the amount of bedding, from 12.3 +/- 0.53 h lying and 8.5 +/- 0.62 bouts per 24 h on bare mattresses to 13.8 +/- 0.53 h lying and 10.0 +/- 0.62 bouts per 24 h on mattresses with 7.5 kg of sawdust. In addition, the animals spent less time standing with only the front hooves in the stalls when more sawdust was present. When allowed free access to all 3 options, all 11 animals spent a majority of their time lying and standing in the 7.5-kg option. In conclusion, cows preferred mattresses bedded with 7.5 kg of sawdust, on which they spent more time lying down and less time standing with only the front hooves in stalls. These results indicate that more sawdust bedding improves cow comfort in stalls with geotextile mattresses.

Mechanical Evaluation of Polymer Composite Hip Protectors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jose Daniel Diniz Melo

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Hip fractures often result in serious health implications, particularly in the geriatric population, and have been related to long-term morbidity and death. In most cases, these fractures are caused by impact loads in the area of the greater trochanter, which are produced in a fall. This work is aimed at developing hip protectors using composite materials and evaluating their effectiveness in preventing hip fractures under high impact energy (120 J. The hip protectors were developed with an inner layer of energy absorbing soft material and an outer rigid shell of fiberglass-reinforced polymer composite. According to the experimental results, all tested configurations proved to be effective at reducing the impact load to below the average fracture threshold of proximal femur. Furthermore, an addition of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA to the impacted area of the composite shell proved to be beneficial to increase impact strength of the hip protectors. Thus, composite hip protectors proved to be a viable alternative for a mechanically efficient and cost-effective solution to prevent hip fractures.

A systematic review on the effectiveness of back protectors for motorcyclists.

Science.gov (United States)

Ekmejian, Rafael; Sarrami, Pooria; Naylor, Justine M; Harris, Ian A

2016-10-04

Motorcyclists are a vulnerable road-user population who are overrepresented in traffic injuries. Utilisation of back protectors may be an effective preventive measure for spine injuries in motorcyclists. Since use of back protectors is increasing it is important that clinical evidence supports their use. The study aimed to investigate the current evidence on the ability of back protectors to reduce the rate of back injuries and patient mortality in motorcycle crashes. A systematic literature search was conducted using various electronic databases. Systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, cohort studies, case series and case reports were included Opinion pieces and laboratory or biomechanical studies were excluded. Back protectors and spine protectors were included as the intervention; neck braces and speed humps were excluded. The target outcomes were any injuries to the back or death. Only English language studies were included. The search strategy yielded 185 studies. After excluding 183 papers by title and abstract and full-text evaluation, only two small cross-sectional studies were included. Foam inserts in motorcycle jackets and non-standard clothing may possibly be associated with higher risk of injuries, while hard shell and standard back protectors may possibly be associated with a reduced rate of back and spinal injury. This systematic review highlighted lack of appropriate evidence on efficacy of back protectors. Based on limited information, we are uncertain about the effects of back protectors on spinal injuries. Further research is required to substantiate the effects of back protectors on mortality and other injuries to the back.

Protector predominantly for pump sucker rods

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Razhetdinov, U.Z.; Prokopov, O.I.; Sharafutdinov, I.G.; Valishim, Yu.G.

1982-01-01

A protector is proposed which includes a cylindrical housing with connecting threaded sections on the ends and rim with spheres attached to the outer surface of the housing. In order to improve reliable operation of the protector by reducing wear of the rocking supports, the rim on the outer surface of the housing is installed at an angle to its axis with the possibility of movement of the sphere in the rim around the sucker rods with interaction of them with the pump-compressor pipes.

Research on the relationship between the structural properties of bedding layer in spring mattress and sleep quality.

Science.gov (United States)

Shen, Liming; Chen, Yu-xia; Guo, Yong; Zhong, ShiLu; Fang, Fei; Zhao, Jing; Hu, Tian-Yi

2012-01-01

Mattress, as a sleep platform, its types and physical properties has an important effect on sleep quality and rest efficiency. In this paper, by subjective evaluations, analysis of sleeping behaviors and tests of depth of sleep, the relationship between characteristics of the bedding materials, the structure of mattress, sleep quality and sleep behaviors were studied. The results showed that: (1) Characteristics of the bedding materials and structure of spring mattress had a remarkable effect on sleep behaviors and sleep quality. An optimum combination of the bedding materials, the structure of mattress and its core could improve the overall comfort of mattress, thereby improving the depth of sleep and sleep quality. (2) Sleep behaviors had a close relationship with sleeping postures and sleep habits. The characteristics of sleep behaviors vary from person to person.

Manual cleaning of hospital mattresses: an observational study comparing high- and low-resource settings.

Science.gov (United States)

Hopman, J; Hakizimana, B; Meintjes, W A J; Nillessen, M; de Both, E; Voss, A; Mehtar, S

2016-01-01

Hospital-associated infections (HAIs) are more frequently encountered in low- than in high-resource settings. There is a need to identify and implement feasible and sustainable approaches to strengthen HAI prevention in low-resource settings. To evaluate the biological contamination of routinely cleaned mattresses in both high- and low-resource settings. In this two-stage observational study, routine manual bed cleaning was evaluated at two university hospitals using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Standardized training of cleaning personnel was achieved in both high- and low-resource settings. Qualitative analysis of the cleaning process was performed to identify predictors of cleaning outcome in low-resource settings. Mattresses in low-resource settings were highly contaminated prior to cleaning. Cleaning significantly reduced biological contamination of mattresses in low-resource settings (P cleaning in both the high- and low-resource settings seemed comparable. Cleaning with appropriate type of cleaning materials reduced the contamination of mattresses adequately. Predictors for mattresses that remained contaminated in a low-resource setting included: type of product used, type of ward, training, and the level of contamination prior to cleaning. In low-resource settings mattresses were highly contaminated as noted by ATP levels. Routine manual cleaning by trained staff can be as effective in a low-resource setting as in a high-resource setting. We recommend a multi-modal cleaning strategy that consists of training of domestic services staff, availability of adequate time to clean beds between patients, and application of the correct type of cleaning products. Copyright © 2015 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Operation Unified Protector

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Buhl, Kenneth Øhlenschlæger

2012-01-01

Formålet med denne artikel er at se nærmere på erfaringerne fra den maritime kampagne under den militære indsats i konflikten i Libyen i 2011, som i NATO regi blev kendt som Operation Unified Protector (OUP). Dækningen i de danske medier fokuserede primært på luftkampagnen, hvilket må tilskrives,...

Use of backboard and deflation improve quality of chest compression when cardiopulmonary resuscitation is performed on a typical air inflated mattress configuration.

Science.gov (United States)

Oh, Jaehoon; Kang, Hyunggoo; Chee, Youngjoon; Lim, Taeho; Song, Yeongtak; Cho, Youngsuk; Je, Sangmo

2013-02-01

No study has examined the effectiveness of backboards and air deflation for achieving adequate chest compression (CC) depth on air mattresses with the typical configurations seen in intensive care units. To determine this efficacy, we measured mattress compression depth (MCD, mm) on these surfaces using dual accelerometers. Eight cardiopulmonary resuscitation providers performed CCs on manikins lying on 4 different surfaces using a visual feedback system. The surfaces were as follows: A, a bed frame; B, a deflated air mattress placed on top of a foam mattress laid on a bed frame; C, a typical air mattress configuration with an inflated air mattress placed on a foam mattress laid on a bed frame; and D, C with a backboard. Deflation of the air mattress decreased MCD significantly (B; 14.74 ± 1.36 vs C; 30.16 ± 3.96, P deflation of the air mattress decreased MCD more than use of a backboard (B; 14.74 ± 1.36 vs D; 25.46 ± 2.89, P = 0.002). The use of a both a backboard and a deflated air mattress in this configuration reduces MCD and thus helps achieve accurate CC depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

The Amsterdam Hip Protector Study: Compliance and determinants of compliance

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Schoor, N.M.; Asma, G.; Smit, J.H.; Bouter, L.M.; Lips, P.T.A.M.

2003-01-01

Hip protectors appear to be effective in reducing the incidence of hip fractures. However, compliance is often poor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the compliance and determinants of compliance with external hip protectors. A prospective study was performed in residents from

Food allergens in mattress dust in Norwegian homes - a potentially important source of allergen exposure.

Science.gov (United States)

Bertelsen, R J; Faeste, C K; Granum, B; Egaas, E; London, S J; Carlsen, K-H; Lødrup Carlsen, K C; Løvik, M

2014-01-01

Sensitization to food allergens and food allergic reactions are mostly caused by ingesting the allergen, but can also occur from exposure via the respiratory tract or the skin. Little is known about exposure to food allergens in the home environment. The objective of this study was firstly to describe the frequency of detection of allergens from fish, egg, milk, and peanut in mattress dust collected from homes of 13-year-old adolescents and secondly to identify home characteristics associated with the presence of food allergen contamination in dust. Food allergens were measured by dot blot analysis in mattress dust from 143 homes in Oslo, Norway. We analysed associations between home characteristics (collected by parental questionnaires and study technicians) and food allergens by multivariate regression models. Fish allergen was detected in 46%, peanut in 41%, milk in 39%, and egg allergen in 22% of the mattress dust samples; only three samples contained none of these allergens. All four food allergens were more frequently detected in mattresses in small dwellings (Food allergens occurred frequently in beds in Norwegian homes, with dwelling size and proximity of kitchen and bedroom as the most important determinants. Due to the amount of time children spent in the bedroom, mattress dust may be an important source of exposure to food allergens. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Microcontrolled air-mattress for ulcer by pressure prevention

Science.gov (United States)

Pasluosta, Cristian F.; Fontana, Juan M.; Beltramone, Diego A.; Taborda, Ricardo A. M.

2007-11-01

An ulcer by pressure is produced when a constant pressure is exerted over the skin. This generates the collapse of the blood vessels and, therefore, a lack in the contribution of the necessary nutrients for the affected zone. As a consequence, the skin deteriorates, eventually causing an ulcer. In order to prevent it, a protocol must be applied to the patient, which is reflected on time and cost of treatment. There are some air mattresses available for this purpose, but whose performance does not fulfill all requirements. The prototype designed in our laboratory is based on the principle of the air mattress. Its objective is to improve on existing technologies and, due to an increased automation, reduce time dedication for personnel in charge of the patient. A clinical experience was made in the local Emergencies Hospital and also in an institution dedicated to aged patients care. In both cases, the results obtained and the comments from the personnel involved were favorable.

Microcontrolled air-mattress for ulcer by pressure prevention

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pasluosta, Cristian F; Fontana, Juan M; Beltramone, Diego A; Taborda, Ricardo A M

2007-01-01

An ulcer by pressure is produced when a constant pressure is exerted over the skin. This generates the collapse of the blood vessels and, therefore, a lack in the contribution of the necessary nutrients for the affected zone. As a consequence, the skin deteriorates, eventually causing an ulcer. In order to prevent it, a protocol must be applied to the patient, which is reflected on time and cost of treatment. There are some air mattresses available for this purpose, but whose performance does not fulfill all requirements. The prototype designed in our laboratory is based on the principle of the air mattress. Its objective is to improve on existing technologies and, due to an increased automation, reduce time dedication for personnel in charge of the patient. A clinical experience was made in the local Emergencies Hospital and also in an institution dedicated to aged patients care. In both cases, the results obtained and the comments from the personnel involved were favorable

Microcontrolled air-mattress for ulcer by pressure prevention

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pasluosta, Cristian F; Fontana, Juan M; Beltramone, Diego A; Taborda, Ricardo A M [Universidad Nacional de Cordoba. Cordoba (Argentina)

2007-11-15

An ulcer by pressure is produced when a constant pressure is exerted over the skin. This generates the collapse of the blood vessels and, therefore, a lack in the contribution of the necessary nutrients for the affected zone. As a consequence, the skin deteriorates, eventually causing an ulcer. In order to prevent it, a protocol must be applied to the patient, which is reflected on time and cost of treatment. There are some air mattresses available for this purpose, but whose performance does not fulfill all requirements. The prototype designed in our laboratory is based on the principle of the air mattress. Its objective is to improve on existing technologies and, due to an increased automation, reduce time dedication for personnel in charge of the patient. A clinical experience was made in the local Emergencies Hospital and also in an institution dedicated to aged patients care. In both cases, the results obtained and the comments from the personnel involved were favorable.

Fabric protectors. Part II - Propane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and petroleum distillates levels in air after application of fabric protectors.

Science.gov (United States)

Otson, R; Williams, D T; Bothwell, P D

1984-01-01

Propane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and petroleum distillates levels in air which were generated during the use of aerosol type fabric protectors were monitored by means of the NIOSH charcoal tube, a glass bulb grab sampling, and the GASBADGE passive device techniques. Although 1982 ACGIH TLV-STEL were readily exceeded in an unventilated test room, when fabric was sprayed with 450 g of fabric protector in an unconfined area within a home the generated vapors quickly dispersed and STEL and 8-hour TWA-TLV were not exceeded.

The Public Protector as a mechanism of political accountability: the ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The paper, however, cautions that the Public Protector is not an alternative dispute resolution institution parallel to courts. But that the Public Protector complements the role played by courts by offering another medium through which such right may be realised. Keywords: Right to access to adequate housing; political ...

Tecnology of development phytogenetic protector's andcreation of raw-material base

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rzayev, N.R.; Guliyev, N.T

2011-01-01

Full tex: Recently in order to protect organisms from the of radiation effect radio protectors have been applied principally concerning to sulfur compounds, aminothioles and indolilalkins. Although the achievements obtained in the direction of synthetic medicines discovery, they can not completely replace the medicinal preparation of natural origin. That is why the study of natural biological active substances with radio protector property are of special importance.One of the goals of the project is the detection of plant species rich with anti mutagen and radio protector, the study of their cultivation technology, and the produce of natural raw material with high quality in planting condition. Flora of Azerbaijan is considered one of the richest countries for its species' richness. There are plant varieties for producing radio protector substances (essence-oil, lipid, lipoid, phenol compounds, pigment substances, proteins, vitamins and various amino acids). We have cultivated new varieties and forms of sea buckthorn, black caraway, basil, tarragons which are richer with their radio protector substances among these plants. Our aim in producing new varieties and forms is to get new varieties which rich with protector property substances, by conducting selection in condition of the cultivation without touching the balance of natural biodiversity and to protect the species with few natural resources.In the article it is intended to prepare aerosol, consisted of essence oils and lipid mixtures, for respiratory system treatment in extreme conditions having radiation threat. The plants with essence oil are potential radio protectors.A technology will be worked out for the produce of cream, protecting surrounding tissues during radiation therapy; for producing radio protector propertied oils from these plant, fruits and seeds in order to treat radioactive burns of digestive system and skin; balsam producing for prophylactic purposes; hygienic remedies such as shampoo

PROTECTORS FOR PROOFING OF IRON-CARBON-ALLOYS FROM CORROSIVE EFFECT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. A. Pivovarchyk

2017-01-01

Full Text Available The article presents the results of practical testing of the developed compositions of protectors for proofing of low-carbon alloys used in the automotive industry and made from melting stocks of secondary aluminum raw materials. The results of the study of the effectiveness of the proofing of the developed protectors are presented.

Technology of development phytogenetic protectors and creation of raw material base

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rzayev, N.R.; Guluyev, N.T.

2010-01-01

Recently in order to protect organisms from the of radiation effect radio protectors have been applied principally concerning to sulfur compounds, aminothioles and indolilalkins. Although the achievements obtained in the direction of synthetic medicines discovery, they can not completely replace the medicinal preparation of natural origin. That is why the study of natural biological active substances with radio protector property are of special importance. One of the goals of the project is the detection of plant species rich with anti mutagen and radio protector, the study of their cultivation technology, and the produce of natural raw material with high quality in planting condition. Flora of Azerbaijan is considered one of the richest countries for its species' richness. There are plant varieties for producing radio protector substances (essence-oil, lipid, lipoid, phenol compounds, pigment substances, proteins, vitamins and various amino acids). It was cultivated new varieties and forms of sea buckthorn, black caraway, basil, tarragons which are richer with their radio protector substances among these plants. In the article it is intended to prepare aerosol, consisted of essence oils and lipid mixtures, for respiratory system treatment in extreme conditions having radiation threat. The plants with essence oil are potential radio protectors. On industry scale the researches will be conducted in the direction of this technology realization. There are also some achievements in the field of working out of production technology of food products, with polyvitamins, from plants for extreme conditions and it will be improved in the process of project activies. Scientific importance of alcoholic and less alcoholic drinks in liquidating the impact of radioactive substances in organism and their disposal out of the organism have been found in literatures. It is also intended to conduct research works on production technology of medicinal preparations, liquor, alcohol of

Mapping Emplaced Articulated Concrete Mattress Using Geoelectrical and Electromagnetic Techniques

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Sjostrom, Keith

1998-01-01

Articulated concrete mattresses (ACM) are structures placed parallel to the river current for the purpose of stabilizing the concave banks in river bends, reduce the effects of erosion, and maintain the river channel...

The effect of human-mattress interface's temperature on perceived thermal comfort.

Science.gov (United States)

Califano, R; Naddeo, A; Vink, P

2017-01-01

In recent years, methods that allow for an objective evaluation of perceived comfort, in terms of postural, physiological, cognitive and environmental comfort, have received a great deal of attention from researchers. This paper focuses on one of the factors that influences physiological comfort perception: the temperature difference between users and the objects with which they interact. The first aim is to create a measuring system that does not affect the perceived comfort during the temperatures' acquisition. The main aim is to evaluate how the temperature at the human-mattress interface can affect the level of perceived comfort. A foam mattress has been used for testing in order to take into account the entire back part of the human body. The temperature at the interface was registered by fourteen 100 Ohm Platinum RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detectors) placed on the mattress under the trunk, the shoulders, the buttocks, the legs, the thighs, the arms and the forearms of the test subject. 29 subjects participated in a comfort test in a humidity controlled environment. The test protocol involved: dress-code, anthropometric-based positioning on mattress, environment temperature measuring and an acclimatization time before the test. At the end of each test, each of the test subject's thermal sensations and the level of comfort perception were evaluated using the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) scale. The data analyses concerned, in the first instance, correlations between the temperature at the interface and comfort levels of the different parts of the body. Then the same analyses were performed independently of the body parts being considered. The results demonstrated that there was no strong correlation among the studied variables and that the total increase of temperature at interface is associated with a reduction in comfort. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigation of symphony orchestra musicians' use of hearing protectors

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Poulsen, Torben; Koskinen, Heli

2010-01-01

A questionnaire study was performed about the use of hearing protectors in Danish symphony orchestras. The musicians in three Danish symphony orchestras were asked to complete a questionnaire about their use of hearing protection. A total of 146 musicians filled in the questionnaire. Results show...... an investigation is performed about the use of hearing aids as hearing protectors by symphony orchestra musicians. Preliminary results from this investigation will be presented at the conference....

The Impact of Legislation on Gas Can- and Mattress-Related Burn Injuries.

Science.gov (United States)

Kellogg, Levi; Butcher, Brandon; Peek-Asa, Corinne; Wibbenmeyer, Lucy

2018-01-01

Burn prevention program success requires thorough evaluation of intervention outcomes. The impact of 2 engineering-specific burn prevention regulations, the Children's Gasoline Burn Prevention Act and the Standard for the Flammability of Mattress Sets, will be assessed. Records from 1997 to 2015 within the Consumer Product Safety Commission's (CPSC) National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) were reviewed. After identifying gas can- and mattress-involved burn injuries, injury incidence was estimated by utilizing survey sampling weights associated with each record. Logistic regression, incorporating estimated injury incidence and adjusting for gender and age, was performed to test for change in injury risk following these regulations. Within NEISS, there were 493 burns involving gas cans, yielding an estimated 19,339 injuries (95% confidence interval [CI], 15,781-22,896) during the 19-year study period. The odds of a gas can burn injury after legislation decreased by 67% for children younger than 5 years (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.16-0.66; P = 0.0018). There was no significant change in risk for persons 5 years and older (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.80-1.41; P = 0.66). During the same time, there were 219 NEISS burns involving mattresses, yielding an estimated 6864 injuries (95% CI, 5071-8658). The odds of a mattress burn injury following legislation enactment decreased by 31% for all ages (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51-0.94; P = 0.02). Both regulations decreased the odds of injury in their target populations. This study demonstrates that passive interventions involving engineering standards remain a powerful tool for burn prevention and should be the focus of future efforts to improve burn care.

A study of the behaviour of and the forces in a bed protecting mattress : The falling apron

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Vrijling, J.K.; Ravenstijn, P.

2001-01-01

In many cases the bottom around a structure that is exposed to current has to be protected by a mattress. The purpose of the mattress is to protect the soil besides the structure from erosion and scour, thus preserving the strength of the foundation of the structure. Examples are the bottom

The impact of compliant surfaces on in-hospital chest compressions: effects of common mattresses and a backboard.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Noordergraaf, G.J.; Paulussen, I.W.; Venema, A.; Berkom, P.F. van; Woerlee, P.H.; Scheffer, G.J.; Noordergraaf, A.

2009-01-01

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in a hospital setting, the influence of different, common mattresses, with and without a backboard, on chest movement during CPR. DESIGN AND SETTING: Sixty CPR sessions (140s each, 30:2, C:R ratio 1:1) were performed using a manikin on standard hospital mattresses, with or

New gonad protector for public survey X-ray images

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joos, M.

1976-01-01

A new gonad shield intended to be used for pubic survey X-ray images is introduced. This protector is mounted on the light sight and produces a shadow free of central radiation on the patient's body. The shield provides such a shape that in women the area limited by the terminal line and in which 95% of the ovaria are situated, is covered, and that in men the region below the pubic angle is protected. The 2 mm thick lead shield has dimensions of 4.0 to 2.5 cm and is inserted into a plexiglass ruler which lies freely movable on a plexiglass plate under the light sight. This shield was tested on the water phantom and on 125 patients. With this protector it was possible to lower the surface dosages calculated by film dosimeters to 20% in women, and also to reduce the gonade dosages to 9% of the dosages without protection. The position of the new gonad protector at a distance from the body provides several advantages: the shield does not alter its position when the patient moves, the protector does not slip off the abdomen in adipose female patients, the radiation protected region has always the same extent, independent from the abdominal curvature of the female patient, the hygienic problems are eliminated, and the shield can be used for both sexes.

Dose reduction using Bismuth protectors in chest computed tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anaya, R.

2012-01-01

This monography is about the Dose reduction using Bismuth protectors in chest CT. The radiation protection of specific areas is necessary when the tissues or radiosensitive organs are near the path of light beam. The correct use of protection represents a challenge for the radiologist because of the time and materials required. The method used was a prospective investigatio in CHPR (TC service) and the doses was measured with TLD dosimeters. It is important to use these protectors in children hospitals.

Hip protectors: recommendations for biomechanical testing-an international consensus statement (part I)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Robinovitch, S.N.; Evans, S.L.; Minns, J.

2009-01-01

Hip protectors represent a promising strategy for preventing fall-related hip fractures. However, clinical trials have yielded conflicting results due, in part, to lack of agreement on techniques for measuring and optimizing the biomechanical performance of hip protectors as a prerequisite to cli...

Comparison of friction produced by two types of orthodontic bracket protectors.

Science.gov (United States)

de Lima Mendonça, Steyner; Praxedes Neto, Otávio José; de Oliveira, Patricia Teixeira; dos Santos, Patricia Bittencourt Dutra; de Sá Leitão Pinheiro, Fábio Henrique

2014-01-01

Fixed orthodontic appliances have been regarded as a common causative factor of oral lesions. To manage soft tissue discomfort, most orthodontists recommend using a small amount of utility wax over the brackets in order to alleviate trauma. This in vitro study aimed at evaluating friction generated by two types of bracket protectors (customized acetate protector [CAP] and temporary resin protector [TRP]) during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. An experimental model (test unit) was used to assess friction. In order to measure the friction produced in each test, the model was attached to a mechanical testing machine which simulated maxillary canines alignment. Intergroup comparison was carried out by one-way ANOVA with level of significance set at 5%. The friction presented by the TRP group was statistically higher than that of the control group at 6 mm. It was also higher than in the control and CAP groups in terms of maximum friction. The customized acetate protector (CAP) demonstrated not to interfere in friction between the wire and the orthodontic bracket slot.

16 CFR Figure 8 to Part 1633 - Jig for Setting Mattresses and Foundation Sides in Same Plane

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Jig for Setting Mattresses and Foundation Sides in Same Plane 8 Figure 8 to Part 1633 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION.... 8 Figure 8 to Part 1633—Jig for Setting Mattresses and Foundation Sides in Same Plane ER15MR06.007 ...

A new gonad protector for public survey X-ray images

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joos, M.

1976-01-01

A new gonad shield intended to be used for pubic survey X-ray images is introduced. This protector is mounted on the light sight and produces a shadow free of central radiation on the patient's body. The shield provides such a shape that in women the area limited by the terminal line and in which 95% of the ovaria are situated, is covered, and that in men the region below the pubic angle is protected. The 2 mm thick lead shield has dimensions of 4.0 to 2.5 cm and is inserted into a plexiglass ruler which lies freely movable on a plexiglass plate under the light sight. This shield was tested on the water phantom and on 125 patients. With this protector it was possible to lower the surface dosages calculated by film dosimeters to 20% in women, and also to reduce the gonade dosages to 9% of the dosages without protection. The position of the new gonad protector at a distance from the body provides several advantages: the shield does not alter its position when the patient moves, the protector does not slip off the abdomen in adipose female patients, the radiation protected region has always the same extent, independent from the abdominal curvature of the female patient, the hygienic problems are eliminated, and the shield can be used for both sexes. (orig./HP) [de

Multicenter comparison of the efficacy on prevention of pressure ulcer in postoperative patients between two types of pressure-relieving mattresses in China

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Qixia; Li, Xiaohua; Zhang, Aiqin; Guo, Yanxia; Liu, Yahong; Liu, Haiying; Qu, Xiaolong; Zhu, Yajun; Guo, Xiujun; Liu, Li; Zhang, Liyan; Bo, Suping; Jia, Jing; Chen, Yuejuan; Zhang, Rui; Wang, Jiandong

2014-01-01

Objective: Present study is designed to evaluate the effects of preventing pressure ulcer in surgical patients with two types of pressure-relieving mattresses. Methods: 1074 surgical patients from 12 hospitals in China were divided into A group (static air mattress with repositioning every 2 hours, n = 562) and B group (power pressure air mattress with repositioning every 2 hours, n = 512). The patient was subjected to a pressure-relieving mattress and observed from 0-5 days after surgery. Indications include the Braden scores, hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) incidence and stage. Results: The Braden scores between two groups in five days after surgery were no significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of HAPU between two groups in same days also was no significant (1.07% vs. 0.98%, P > 0.05). The incidence of Stage I and stage II pressure ulcers in group A and B were 1.07% (6/562) and 0.98% (5/512), respectively (χ2 = 0.148, P = 0.882). Conclusion: The effects of preventing pressure ulcer in surgical patients with two types of pressure-relieving mattresses are similar, but the protocol by static air mattress with repositioning every 2 hours is benefit when no power. PMID:25356144

Radiation therapy for malignant lid tumor; Effectiveness of racket-shaped lead protector

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Totsuka, Seiichi; Itsuno, Hajime (Shinshu Univ., Matsumoto, Nagano (Japan). Faculty of Medicine)

1991-04-01

The case of a 42-year-old man with Meibomian gland carcinoma in his right lower lid is reported. The tumor found in the nasal part of the lower lid, was 12 mm x 13 mm in size. First, surgical resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis of the frozen section was 'undifferentiated basal cell epithelioma'. Second, cryotherapy was performed all over the cut surface. Later, the permanent section was pathologically diagnosed as 'undifferentiated Meibomian gland carcinoma'. Total 50 Gy irradiation therapy was therefore performed using a 9 Mev Linac electron beam, 25 x 20 mm field, with a lead protector for the cornea and lens. A lead contact lens did not afford good results because it was too easily shifted on the cornea, owing to its weight. Therefore, we made a racket-shaped lead protector. Fixed well with tape, this protector afforded good protective effect. Three years after treatment, the patient has good visual function, with no recurrence. This racket-shaped lead protector is thought to be useful in radiation therapy for malignant lid tumors. (author).

An Enhanced Sensing Application Based on a Flexible Projected Capacitive-Sensing Mattress

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wen-Ying Chang

2014-04-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a cost-effective sensor system for mattresses that can classify the sleeping posture of an individual and prevent pressure ulcers. This system applies projected capacitive sensing to the field of health care. The charge time (CT method was used to sensitively and accurately measure the capacitance of the projected electrodes. The required characteristics of the projected capacitor were identified to develop large-area applications for sensory mattresses. The area of the electrodes, the use of shielding, and the increased length of the transmission line were calibrated to more accurately measure the capacitance of the electrodes in large-size applications. To offer the users comfort in the prone position, a flexible substrate was selected and covered with 16 × 20 electrodes. Compared with the static charge sensitive bed (SCSB, our proposed system-flexible projected capacitive-sensing mattress (FPCSM comes with more electrodes to increase the resolution of posture identification. As for the body pressure system (BPS, the FPCSM has advantages such as lower cost, higher aging-resistance capability, and the ability to sense the capacitance of the covered regions without physical contact. The proposed guard ring design effectively absorbs the noise and interrupts leakage paths. The projected capacitive electrode is suitable for proximity-sensing applications and succeeds at quickly recognizing the sleeping pattern of the user.

Acceptance and compliance with external hip protectors: A systematic review of the literature

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Schoor, N.M.; Deville, W.L.J.M.; Bouter, L.M.; Lips, P.T.A.M.

2002-01-01

Hip fractures may be prevented by the use of external hip protectors, but compliance is often poor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the determinants of compliance with hip protectors by systematically reviewing the literature. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase

Acceptance and compliance with external hip protectors: a systematic review of the literature.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schoor, N.M. van; Devillé, W.L.; Bouter, L.M.; Lips, P.

2002-01-01

Hip fractures may be prevented by the use of external hip protectors, but compliance is often poor. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the determinants of compliance with hip protectors by systematically reviewing the literature. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase

Wound edge protectors in open abdominal surgery to reduce surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

André L Mihaljevic

Full Text Available Surgical site infections remain one of the most frequent complications following abdominal surgery and cause substantial costs, morbidity and mortality.To assess the effectiveness of wound edge protectors in open abdominal surgery in reducing surgical site infections.A systematic literature search was conducted according to a prespecified review protocol in a variety of data-bases combined with hand-searches for randomized controlled trials on wound edge protectors in patients undergoing laparotomy. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of included trials was conducted.We identified 16 randomized controlled trials including 3695 patients investigating wound edge protectors published between 1972 and 2014. Critical appraisal uncovered a number of methodological flaws, predominantly in the older trials. Wound edge protectors significantly reduced the rate of surgical site infections (risk ratio 0.65; 95%CI, 0.51-0.83; p = 0.0007; I2 = 52%. The results were robust in a number of sensitivity analyses. A similar effect size was found in the subgroup of patients undergoing colorectal surgery (risk ratio 0.65; 95%CI, 0.44-0.97; p = 0.04; I2 = 56%. Of the two common types of wound protectors double ring devices were found to exhibit a greater protective effect (risk ratio 0.29; 95%CI, 0.15-0.55 than single-ring devices (risk ratio 0.71; 95%CI, 0.54-0.92, but this might largely be due to the lower quality of available data for double-ring devices. Exploratory subgroup analyses for the degree of contamination showed a larger protective effect in contaminated cases (0.44; 95%CI, 0.28-0.67; p = 0.0002, I2 = 23% than in clean-contaminated surgeries (0.72, 95%CI, 0.57-0.91; p = 0.005; I2 = 46% and a strong effect on the reduction of superficial surgical site infections (risk ratio 0.45; 95%CI, 0.24-0.82; p = 0.001; I2 = 72%.Wound edge protectors significantly reduce the rate of surgical site infections in open abdominal surgery. Further trials are needed to

Maximum potential preventive effect of hip protectors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

van Schoor, N.M.; Smit, J.H.; Bouter, L.M.; Veenings, B.; Asma, G.B.; Lips, P.T.A.M.

2007-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the maximum potential preventive effect of hip protectors in older persons living in the community or homes for the elderly. DESIGN: Observational cohort study. SETTING: Emergency departments in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Hip fracture patients aged 70 and older who

Hip protector compliance: a 13-month study on factors and cost in a long-term care facility.

Science.gov (United States)

Burl, Jeffrey B; Centola, James; Bonner, Alice; Burque, Colleen

2003-01-01

To determine if a high compliance rate for wearing external hip protectors could be achieved and sustained in a long-term care population. A 13-month prospective study of daytime use of external hip protectors in an at-risk long-term care population. One hundred-bed not-for-profit long-term care facility. Thirty-eight ambulatory residents having at least 1 of 4 risk factors (osteoporosis, recent fall, positive fall screen, previous fracture). The rehabilitation department coordinated an implementation program. Members of the rehabilitation team met with eligible participants, primary caregivers, families, and other support staff for educational instruction and a description of the program. The rehabilitation team assumed overall responsibility for measuring and ordering hip protectors and monitoring compliance. By the end of the third month, hip protector compliance averaged greater than 90% daily wear. The average number of falls per month in the hip protector group was 3.9 versus 1.3 in nonparticipants. Estimated total indirect staff time was 7.75 hours. The total cost of the study (hip protectors and indirect staff time) was 6,300 US dollars. High hip protector compliance is both feasible and sustainable in an at-risk long-term care population. Achieving high compliance requires an interdisciplinary approach with one department acting as a champion. The cost of protectors could be a barrier to widespread use. Facilities might be unable to cover the cost until the product is paid for by third-party payers.

Variables relacionadas con los factores protectores en estudiantes de una universidad pública colombiana, 2016

OpenAIRE

Jaramillo, C.P.; Vélez, C.; Hoyos, M.; Escobar, M.P.; Pico, M.E.

2017-01-01

Introducción: Los factores protectores se definen como aquellos que fomentan los comportamientos favorables y positivos y desestimulan e inhiben los comportamientos de riesgo, limitando los efectos de los riesgos a los cuales se exponen los individuos. El fomento de factores protectores facilita el desarrollo de comportamientos y hábitos saludables así como la prevención de factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Analizar las variables relacionadas con los factores protectores en estudiantes de una uni...

A quantitative analysis of microcirculation in sore-prone pressure areas on conventional and pressure relief hospital mattresses using laser Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry.

Science.gov (United States)

Rothenberger, Jens; Krauss, Sabrina; Held, Manuel; Bender, Dominik; Schaller, Hans-Eberhard; Rahmanian-Schwarz, Afshin; Constantinescu, Mihai Adrian; Jaminet, Patrick

2014-11-01

Pressure ulcers are associated with severe impairment for the patients and high economic load. With this study we wanted to gain more insight to the skin perfusion dynamics due to external loading. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of different types of pressure relief mattresses. A total of 25 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Perfusion dynamics of the sacral and the heel area were assessed using the O2C-device, which combines a laser light, to determine blood flow, and white light to determine the relative amount of hemoglobin. Three mattresses were evaluated compared to a hard surface: a standard hospital foam mattress bed, a visco-elastic foam mattress, and an air-fluidized bed. In the heel area, only the air-fluidized bed was able to maintain the blood circulation (mean blood flow of 13.6 ± 6 versus 3.9 ± 3 AU and mean relative amount of hemoglobin of 44.0 ± 14 versus 32.7 ± 12 AU.) In the sacral area, all used mattresses revealed an improvement of blood circulation compared to the hard surface. The results of this study form a more precise pattern of perfusion changes due to external loading on various pressure relief mattresses. This knowledge may reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers and may be an influencing factor in pressure relief mattress selection. Copyright © 2014 Tissue Viability Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New ISO standards for hearing protectors (A)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Poulsen, Torben

2000-01-01

Working Group 17 under ISO/TC43/SC1 deals with measurement of hearing protector attenuation. WG17 is presently involved in revision of the present 4869-1 standard (especially sound field requirements and reproducibility estimations) and formulation of a new standard where inexperienced hearing...

The Design and Implementation of Test System Based on Programmable Excitation Power Supply for Mining Comprehensive Protector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhi-jie Zhang

2013-11-01

Full Text Available As comprehensive protectors for coal mining (referred to comprehensive protectors in use are prone to fail, it can timely screen out the invalid comprehensive protector by periodic functional test when it is used (it is called test in use to ensure the production safety. The test in use needs the specialized test equipment, which is not used in delivery inspection by the manufacturers of comprehensive protectors. Thus, testing excitation power becomes a constraint for the improvement of the accuracy of test in use and the degree of automation. To solve the problem, this paper developed a power frequency programmed input-output testing excitation power supply, and on that basis it also realized the mining comprehensive protector test system in use with the excitation circuit and voltage program-controlled output.

Could martial arts fall training be safe for persons with osteoporosis?: a feasibility study

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

Background Osteoporosis is a well-established risk factor for fall-related hip fractures. Training fall arrest strategies, such as martial arts (MA) fall techniques, might be useful to prevent hip fractures in persons with osteoporosis, provided that the training itself is safe. This study was conducted to determine whether MA fall training would be safe for persons with osteoporosis extrapolated from the data of young adults and using stringent safety criteria. Methods Young adults performed sideways and forward MA falls from a kneeling position on both a judo mat and a mattress as well as from a standing position on a mattress. Hip impact forces and kinematic data were collected. For each condition, the highest hip impact force was compared with two safety criteria based on the femoral fracture load and the use of a hip protector. Results The highest hip impact force during the various fall conditions ranged between 1426 N and 3132 N. Sideways falls from a kneeling and standing position met the safety criteria if performed on the mattress (max 1426 N and 2012 N, respectively) but not if the falls from a kneeling position were performed on the judo mat (max 2219 N). Forward falls only met the safety criteria if performed from a kneeling position on the mattress (max 2006 N). Hence, forward falls from kneeling position on a judo mat (max 2474 N) and forward falls from standing position on the mattress (max 3132 N) did not meet both safety criteria. Conclusions Based on the data of young adults and safety criteria, the MA fall training was expected to be safe for persons with osteoporosis if appropriate safety measures are taken: during the training persons with osteoporosis should wear hip protectors that could attenuate the maximum hip impact force by at least 65%, perform the fall exercises on a thick mattress, and avoid forward fall exercises from a standing position. Hence, a modified MA fall training might be useful to reduce hip fracture risk in persons with

Could martial arts fall training be safe for persons with osteoporosis?: a feasibility study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Smulders Ellen

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Osteoporosis is a well-established risk factor for fall-related hip fractures. Training fall arrest strategies, such as martial arts (MA fall techniques, might be useful to prevent hip fractures in persons with osteoporosis, provided that the training itself is safe. This study was conducted to determine whether MA fall training would be safe for persons with osteoporosis extrapolated from the data of young adults and using stringent safety criteria. Methods Young adults performed sideways and forward MA falls from a kneeling position on both a judo mat and a mattress as well as from a standing position on a mattress. Hip impact forces and kinematic data were collected. For each condition, the highest hip impact force was compared with two safety criteria based on the femoral fracture load and the use of a hip protector. Results The highest hip impact force during the various fall conditions ranged between 1426 N and 3132 N. Sideways falls from a kneeling and standing position met the safety criteria if performed on the mattress (max 1426 N and 2012 N, respectively but not if the falls from a kneeling position were performed on the judo mat (max 2219 N. Forward falls only met the safety criteria if performed from a kneeling position on the mattress (max 2006 N. Hence, forward falls from kneeling position on a judo mat (max 2474 N and forward falls from standing position on the mattress (max 3132 N did not meet both safety criteria. Conclusions Based on the data of young adults and safety criteria, the MA fall training was expected to be safe for persons with osteoporosis if appropriate safety measures are taken: during the training persons with osteoporosis should wear hip protectors that could attenuate the maximum hip impact force by at least 65%, perform the fall exercises on a thick mattress, and avoid forward fall exercises from a standing position. Hence, a modified MA fall training might be useful to reduce hip

How Britain underdeveloped Bechuanaland protectorate: a brief ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Britain declared Bechuanaland a 'protectorate' in 1885 in a move largely driven by military strategic considerations rather than by the availability of economic resources. This can give the impression that in Botswana the process of economic underdevelopment that is often associated with colonialism never took place in this ...

Project Seahorse evolves into major marine protector | IDRC ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2012-10-29

Oct 29, 2012 ... Project Seahorse evolves into major marine protector ... local people, have greatly improved the prospects of survival for threatened species. ... “We tackle issues on any political level or geographical scale, according to what ...

Risk Perception, Knowledge and Safety Attitude and Hearing Protector Use in Petrochemical Industry Workers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mahdi Jahangiri

2008-06-01

Full Text Available Background and Aim: Hearing protectors (HP are widely employed as the only measure against noise exposure. However, it is well known that unless do workers wear HP continuously, its efficacy will be very low. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of risk perception, knowledge and safety attitude on hearing protection use in petrochemical industry's workers.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a structural questionnaire was administrated to 236 randomly selected workers in Iranian petrochemical industry who had been to 85 dBA noise and some influencing factors including risk perception, knowledge and general attitude to safety on using of HP had been investigated.Results: This study showed that only 20.3% of employees claimed to wear hearing protection all the time when they exposed to noise. There was a significant relationship between use of hearing protector and worker's risk perception (p=0.048 and also their knowledge about hearing protection(p=0.009. Also, the relationship between general attitude of workers to safety and risk perception was statistically significant (p=0.046. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that for promoting the use of hearing protectors, two main strategy should be followed. First, removing the barriers to make hearing protectors compliant, and second enhancing the workers’ risk perception about hearing loss and proper use of ear protectors.

A retrospective study to determine the incidence of pressure ulcers in burn patients using an alternating pressure mattress.

Science.gov (United States)

Still, Joseph M; Wilson, Joan; Rinker, Connie; Law, Edward; Craft-Coffman, Beretta

2003-08-01

In immobilized patients, unrelieved pressure can create decubitus ulcers over bony prominences. Those burn patients who require prolonged bed rest, are prone to the development of such problems. Various methods of reducing pressure on these areas, including frequent turning and the use of air fluidized and low air loss beds, have been adopted to attempt to prevent the development of this complication. The Pegasus Renaissance alternating pressure mattress is such a device, intended to reduce the incidence of decubitus ulcers. It was introduced at our burn unit and evaluated over a 29-month period. During the study period, 186 (13.4%) of 1390 acutely burned patients, believed to be at high risk for the development of decubiti, were placed on this mattress. Other patients were treated in the standard hospital bed. Care was otherwise the same. No decubitus ulcers developed in any of the patients treated on the Pegasus Renaissance mattress.

Contribution of the protector adsorbed by the active site to the enzyme protection against γ-radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kravetskaya, T.P.; Krutyakov, V.M.; Sverdlov, A.G.

1976-01-01

It has been shown that 5-methoxytryptamine (mexamine) is a competitive inhibitor of trypsin. This prompted compairing the protection of the enzyme under varying conditions, that is: 90 per cent of the enzyme molecules are in a free state and 90 per cent of the enzyme molecules are bound with the protector molecules. A four-time increase in the protecting effect was observed with the protector bound to the active site of trypsin. A quantitative comparison of the trypsin protection by a tissue extract of a ''cellular'' concentration and by mexamine of a maximum ''organismal'' concentration has shown that radical scavenging is not a principal mechanism responsible for the protector effect in a cell even if the adsorption of the protector on the biopolymers is taken into account

A Randomized, Crossover Trial of a Novel Sound-to-Sleep Mattress Technology in Children with Autism and Sleep Difficulties.

Science.gov (United States)

Frazier, Thomas W; Krishna, Jyoti; Klingemier, Eric; Beukemann, Mary; Nawabit, Rawan; Ibrahim, Sally

2017-01-15

This preliminary study investigated the tolerability and efficacy of a novel mattress technology-the Sound-To-Sleep (STS) system-in the treatment of sleep problems in children with autism. After screening, 45 children, ages 2.5 to 12.9 years, were randomized to order of mattress technology use (On-Off vs. Off-On). Treatment conditions (On vs. Off) lasted two weeks with immediate crossover. Tolerability, including study discontinuation and parent-report of mattress tolerance and ease of use, was tracked throughout the study. Efficacy assessments were obtained at baseline, prior to crossover, and end of study and included measures of autism traits, other psychopathology symptoms, sensory abnormalities, communication difficulties, quality of life, sleep diary parameters, and single-blinded actigraphy-derived sleep parameters. Statistical analyses evaluated differences in tolerability and efficacy when the STS system was on versus off. STS system use was well tolerated (n = 2, 4.4% dropout) and resulted in parent-reported sleep quality improvements (STS off mean = 4.3, 95% CI = 4.05-4.54 vs. on mean = 4.9, 95%CI = 4.67-5.14). The technology was described by parents as very easy to use and child tolerance was rated as good. Parent-diary outcomes indicated improvements in falling asleep and reduced daytime challenging behavior. Actigraphy-derived sleep parameters indicated improved sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Improvements in child and family quality of life were identified on parent questionnaires. A future large sample phase 2 trial of the STS system is warranted and would benefit from extended study duration, an objective primary efficacy outcome, and careful attention to methodological issues that promote compliance with the intervention and study procedures. © 2017 American Academy of Sleep Medicine

Biomechanical characteristics of the horizontal mattress stitch: implication for double-row and suture-bridge rotator cuff repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Tamboli, Mallika; Mihata, Teruhisa; Hwang, James; McGarry, Michelle H; Kang, Yangmi; Lee, Thay Q

2014-03-01

We investigated the effects of bite-size horizontal mattress stitch (distance between the limbs passed through the tendon) on the biomechanical properties of the repaired tendon. We anchored 20 bovine Achilles tendons to bone using no. 2 high-strength suture and 5-mm titanium suture anchors in a mattress-suture technique. Tendons were allocated randomly into two groups of ten each to receive stitches with a 4- or 10-mm bite. Specimens underwent cyclic loading from 5 to 30 N at 1 mm/s for 30 cycles, followed by tensile testing to failure. Gap formation, tendon strain, hysteresis, stiffness, yield load, ultimate load, energy to yield load, and energy to ultimate load were compared between groups using unpaired t tests. The 4-mm group had less (p row repair, small mattress stitches provide a tighter repair, whereas large stitches are beneficial to prevent sutures from pulling through the tendon after surgery. For suture-bridge rotator cuff repair, large stitches are beneficial because the repaired tendon has a higher strength, and the slightly mobile medial knot can be tightened by lateral fixation.

Surface Microbiology of Smartphone Screen Protectors Among Healthcare Professionals.

Science.gov (United States)

Raza, Ibrahim; Raza, Awais; Razaa, Syed Ahmad; Sadar, Ahmad Bani; Qureshi, Ahmad Uzair; Talib, Usama; Chi, Gerald

2017-12-26

The use of smartphones with touch screens has become a norm for healthcare professionals (HCP). The risk of smart screen contamination has been proven, and guidelines are available to deal with possible contamination. A large number of smartphone users apply plastic or glass screen protectors onto their mobile phone screens to prevent scratches. However, these materials are not scratch proof, and their antipathogenic properties have not been studied. We have conducted a study to determine the frequency of smartphone screen protector contamination and compared the data with contamination on the bare area on the same mobile screens. The sample size included only HCPs working in acute care settings and having at least eight hours of exposure time every day. A total of 64 samples were collected, which reported 62.5% (n = 40/64) positive culture swabs from the protected areas of the screen and 45.3% (n = 29/64) from the unprotected area of the screen. Micrococcus and Gram-negative rods grew only on samples taken from the protected area whereas the bare area showed no such growth. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency based on smart screen size, duration of use during duty hours, or the setting where it was used. Smartphone screen protectors from healthcare providers may harbor pathogenic bacteria, especially in acute care settings. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci followed by Bacillus species were the most commonly yielded bacteria among house officers and postgraduate trainees in the present study.

Pop-rock musicians: assessment of their satisfaction provided by hearing protectors.

Science.gov (United States)

Santoni, Cristiane Bolzachini; Fiorini, Ana Claudia

2010-01-01

Pop-rock musicians are at risk of developing hearing loss and other symptoms related to amplified music. The aim of the present study was to assess the satisfaction provided by the use of hearing protection in pop-rock musicians. Contemporary cohort study. A study of 23 male pop-rock musicians, aged between 25 to 45 years. After audiological evaluation (pure tone audiometry, middle ear analysis, TEOAE and DPOAE) hearing protective devices were provided to be used for three months. After that musicians answered a satisfaction assessment questionnaire. The prevalence of hearing loss was of 21.7%. The most common complaints about the hearing protectors were: autophonia, pressure in the ears, interference in high frequencies perception and full time use of the hearing protector during concerts. There was a positive correlation between a reduction in tinnitus after the use of the HPD with the following complaints: tinnitus after beginning the career (p= 0.044), discomfort with the sound intensity in the work place (p= 0.009) and intolerance to loud sound (p= 0.029). There was a high prevalence of hearing loss and a positive tendency towards the use of the ear protector device among the sample population.

Vegetation and Grazing in the St. Katherine Protectorate, South ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Plants were surveyed in the St. Katherine Protectorate of South Sinai, Egypt. The most frequently recorded plant species include: Artemisia herba-alba, Artemisia judaica, Fagonia arabica, Fagonia mollis, Schismus barbatus, Stachys aegyptiaca, Tanacetum sinaicum, Teucrium polium and Zilla spinosa. Dominant plant ...

Geographical variation and the determinants of domestic endotoxin levels in mattress dust in Europe

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chen, C.M.; Thiering, E.; Doekes, G.; Zock, J.P.; Bakolis, I.; Norbäck, D.; Sunyer, J.; Villani, S.; Verlato, G.; Täubel, M.; Jarvis, D.

2012-01-01

Endotoxin exposures have manifold effects on human health. The geographical variation and determinants of domestic endotoxin levels in Europe have not yet been extensively described. To investigate the geographical variation and determinants of domestic endotoxin concentrations in mattress dust in

Finite element modeling for predicting the contact pressure between a foam mattress and the human body in a supine position.

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Wookjin; Won, Byeong Hee; Cho, Seong Wook

2017-01-01

In this paper, we generated finite element (FE) models to predict the contact pressure between a foam mattress and the human body in a supine position. Twenty-year-old males were used for three-dimensional scanning to produce the FE human models, which was composed of skin and muscle tissue. A linear elastic isotropic material model was used for the skin, and the Mooney-Rivlin model was used for the muscle tissue because it can effectively represent the nonlinear behavior of muscle. The contact pressure between the human model and the mattress was predicted by numerical simulation. The human models were validated by comparing the body pressure distribution obtained from the same human subject when he was lying on two different mattress types. The experimental results showed that the slope of the lower part of the mattress caused a decrease in the contact pressure at the heels, and the effect of bone structure was most pronounced in the scapula. After inserting a simple structure to function as the scapula, the contact pressure predicted by the FE human models was consistent with the experimental body pressure distribution for all body parts. These results suggest that the models proposed in this paper will be useful to researchers and designers of products related to the prevention of pressure ulcers.

Comparison of impact force attenuation by various combinations of hip protector and flooring material using a simplified fall-impact simulation device.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Ning; Tsushima, Eiki; Tsushima, Hitoshi

2013-04-05

Use of hip protectors and compliant flooring has been recommended for preventing hip fracture due to falls. We aimed to identify the factors attenuating forces in falls by comparing and analyzing the impact forces occurring with various combinations of hip protectors and flooring materials. We designed a simplified pendulum device to simulate the impact force at the hip during falling. The impact force was measured on pressure-sensitive recording film under combined conditions of two kinds of hip protector (hard or soft shell) and three kinds of floor material (concrete, wooden, or tatami matting). We then calculated the percentage force attenuation under each test condition compared with the use of a concrete floor and no hip protector. All the tests using tatami matting reduced the impact to below the average fracture threshold of elderly people (3472N). A combination of tatami and soft hip protector provided the best attenuation (72.5%). Multiple regression analyses showed that use of tatami matting and a soft hip protector had the biggest force-attenuation effect. The soft hip protector gave better percentage force attenuation than did the hard one. Use of tatami matting as a flooring material could be an effective strategy for helping prevent hip fractures. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A retrospective study to determine the incidence of pressure ulcers in burn patients using a low air loss pressure relieving mattress.

Science.gov (United States)

Still, Joseph M; Wilson, Joan; Rinker, Connie; Law, Edward; Craft-Coffman, Beretta

2003-06-01

In immobilized patients, unrelieved pressure can create decubitus ulcers over bony prominences. Those burn patients who require prolonged bed rest, are prone to the development of such problems. Various methods of reducing pressure on these areas, including frequent turning and the use of air fluidized and low air loss beds, have been adopted to attempt to prevent the development of this complication. The Pegasus Renaissance alternating pressure mattress is such a device, intended to reduce the incidence of decubitus ulcers. It was introduced at our burn unit and evaluated over a 29-month period. During the study period, 186 (13.4%) of 1390 acutely burned patients, believed to be at high risk for the development of decubiti, were placed on this mattress. Other patients were treated in the standard hospital bed. Care was otherwise the same. No decubitus ulcers developed in any of the patients treated on the Pegasus Renaissance mattress.

On the effectiveness of incorporating shear thickening fluid with fumed silica particles in hip protectors

Science.gov (United States)

Haris, A.; Goh, B. W. Y.; Tay, T. E.; Lee, H. P.; Rammohan, A. V.; Tan, V. B. C.

2018-01-01

The objective of this research is to develop a smart hip protector by incorporating shear thickening fluid (STF) into conventional foam hip protectors. The shear thickening properties of fumed silica particles dispersed in liquid polyethylene glycol (PEG) were determined from rheological tests. Dynamic drop tests, using a 4 kg drop platen at 0.5 m drop height, were conducted to study how STF improves energy absorption as compared to unfilled foam and PEG filled foam. The results show that PEG filled foam reduces the mean peak force transmitted by a further 55% and mean peak displacement by 32.5% as compared to the unfilled foam; the STF filled foam further reduces mean peak force and displacement by 15% and 41% respectively when compared to the PEG filled foam. At a displacement of 22 mm, the STF filled foam absorbs 7.4 times more energy than the PEG filled foam. The results of varying the drop mass and drop height show that the energy absorbed per unit displacement for STF filled foam is always higher than that of PEG filled foam. Finally, the effectiveness of a prototype of hip protector made from 15 mm thick STF filled foam in preventing hip fractures was studied under two different loading conditions: distributed load (plate drop test) and concentrated load (ball drop test). The results of the plate and ball drop tests show that among all hip protectors tested in this study, only the prototype can reduce the mean peak impact force to be lower than the force required to fracture a hip bone (3.1 kN) regardless of the type of loading. Moreover, the peak force of the prototype is about half of this value, suggesting thinner prototype could have been used instead. These findings show that STF is effective in improving the performance of hip protectors.

Emission of phthalates and phthalate alternatives from vinyl flooring and crib mattress covers: the influence of temperature.

Science.gov (United States)

Liang, Yirui; Xu, Ying

2014-12-16

Emissions of phthalates and phthalate alternatives from vinyl flooring and crib mattress covers were measured in a specially designed chamber. The gas-phase concentrations versus time were measured at four different temperatures, that is, 25, 36, 45, and 55 °C. The key parameter that controls the emissions (y0, gas-phase concentration in equilibrium with the material phase) was determined, and the emissions were found to increase significantly with increasing temperature. Both the material-phase concentration (C0) and the chemical vapor pressure (Vp) were found to have great influence on the value of y0. The measured ratios of C0 to y0 were exponentially proportional to the reciprocal of temperature, in agreement with the van't Hoff equation. A emission model was validated at different temperatures, with excellent agreement between model calculations and chamber observations. In residential homes, an increase in the temperature from 25 to 35 °C can elevate the gas-phase concentration of phthalates by more than a factor of 10, but the total airborne concentration may not increase that much for less volatile compounds. In infant sleep microenvironments, an increase in the temperature of mattress can cause a significant increase in emission of phthalates from the mattress cover and make the concentration in the infant's breathing zone about four times higher than that in the bulk room air, resulting in potentially high exposure.

Flora of St Katherine Protectorate: key to families and genera ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Flora of St Katherine Protectorate: key to families and genera. Wafaa Kamel, Magda Gazar, Samy Zalat, Francis Gilbert. Abstract. Egyptian Journal of Natural History Vol.1 1999: 1-39. Full Text: EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT.

Statutory Instrument No. 122, The Nuclear Installations (British Solomon Islands Protectorate) Order 1972

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1972-01-01

This Order extends to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, with the exceptions, adaptations and modificatons specified in the Schedule to the Order, certain provisions of the Nuclear Installations Act 1965, as amended. It is the 1965 Act which implements the provisions of the Paris Convention and the Brussels Supplementary Convention in the United Kingdom. The provisions so extended impose a duty on the nuclear operator to secure that no nuclear occurrence taking place within the territorial limits of the British Solomon Islands Protectorate causes nuclear injury or damage, and relate to the right to compensation for breach of that duty, the bringing and satisfaction of claims and other matters. (NEA) [fr

Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897) in mattress and floor dust in a temperate climate (Acari : Pyroglyphidae)

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Bronswijk, van J.E.M.H.

1973-01-01

The arthropod fauna of mattress dust, bedroom dust and living-room dust was sampled during a 1-year period in a center for asthmatic children (near Nijmegen, The Netherlands) with the aid of a vacuum cleaner, Berlese funnels and a flotation method. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was most abundant;

A randomized trial of exothermic mattresses for preterm newborns in polyethylene bags.

LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

McCarthy, Lisa K

2013-07-01

Hypothermia on admission to the NICU is associated with increased mortality in preterm infants. Many newborns are hypothermic on admission despite using polyethylene bags (PBs). Using exothermic mattresses (EMs) in addition to PBs may reduce hypothermia but increase hyperthermia. We wished to determine whether placing preterm newborns in PBs on EMs in the DR results in more infants with rectal temperature outside the range 36.5 to 37.5°C on NICU admission.

Effect of mattress and pillow encasings on children with asthma and house dust mite allergy

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Halken, Susanne; Høst, Arne; Niklassen, Ulla

2003-01-01

BACKGROUND: House dust mite (HDM) allergy is a frequent cause of allergic asthma in children. Reduction of exposure seems to be the most logical way to treat these patients. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to investigate whether mattress and pillow encasings resulted in an effective long-term control of H...

Aproximación a un modelo de costo eficacia de protectores auditivos en el ambiente laboral

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ivonne Valero-Pacheco

2014-06-01

Full Text Available Introducción: La escasa información disponible en relación con modelos de evaluación de costo efectividad de la protección auditiva, para la prevención de la hipoacusia neurosensorial inducida por el ruido laboral en Colombia, así como la confiabilidad de la información del nivel de atenuación de ruido que es suministrada por los fabricantes de elementos de protección auditiva, justificaron el desarrollo de esta investigación. Objetivos: Proponer un modelo de evaluación de costo eficacia de protectores auditivos ofertados en el mercado colombiano, frente a las necesidades de atenuación contra el ruido establecidas por la legislación colombiana. Materiales y Métodos: Se elaboró un modelo de costo eficacia de protectores auditivos en Colombia. Para ello se seleccionó del total de la oferta existente en el mercado colombiano un protector tipo copa y otro tipo inserción, a los cuales se les aplicó la metodología ANSI S3.19 para determinar el Nivel de Reducción del Ruido (NRR. En la prueba participaron 21 sujetos. En el modelo se consideraron variables como el costo equivalente anual, el nivel de atenuación real y la relación costo eficacia. Resultados: El nivel de atenuación del ruido suministrado en las fichas técnicas del fabricante difiere del encontrado en la prueba realizada para cada uno de los protectores, en el caso de los de tipo copa su eficacia es del 37% menos de lo esperado y para los de inserción del 59%. El cálculo de la Razón de Costo Efectividad (RCE para los protectores tipo copa muestra un valor de $90.055 por cada unidad de eficacia, mientras que la RCE de los protectores de inserción es de $465.034. Discusión/Conclusiones: Aunque las diferencias en el nivel de eficacia observado pueden estar afectadas por factores humanos, la metodología de la prueba y las características propias del protector auditivo, estos hallazgos son consistentes con la recomendación de National Institute for Occupational

UN-mandated maritime arms embargo operations in Operation Unified Protector

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fink, M.D.

2011-01-01

On the basis of UNSC Resolutions 1970 and 1973 on the situation in Libya, between March and October 2011 NATO conducted the Operation Unified Protector (OUP). An important part of this NATO-led mission was that of enforcing a UN-mandated arms embargo at sea. In this context, this article examines

Allgöwer-Donati Versus Vertical Mattress Suture Technique Impact on Perfusion in Ankle Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial Using Intraoperative Angiography.

Science.gov (United States)

Shannon, Steven F; Houdek, Matthew T; Wyles, Cody C; Yuan, Brandon J; Cross, William W; Cass, Joseph R; Sems, Stephen A

2017-02-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate which primary wound closure technique for ankle fractures affords the most robust perfusion as measured by laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography: Allgöwer-Donati or vertical mattress. Prospective, randomized. Level 1 Academic Trauma Center. Thirty patients undergoing open reduction internal fixation for ankle fractures were prospectively randomized to Allgöwer-Donati (n = 15) or vertical mattress (n = 15) closure. Demographics were similar for both cohorts with respect to age, sex, body mass index, surgical timing, and OTA/AO fracture classification. Skin perfusion (mean incision perfusion and mean perfusion impairment) was quantified in fluorescence units with laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography along the lateral incision as well as anterior and posterior to the incision at 30 separate locations. Minimum follow-up was 3 months with a mean follow-up 4.7 months. Allgöwer-Donati enabled superior perfusion compared with the vertical mattress suture technique. Mean incision perfusion for Allgöwer-Donati was 51 (SD = 13) and for vertical mattress was 28 (SD = 10, P ankle fractures. Theoretically, this may enhance soft tissue healing and decrease the risk of wound complications. Surgeons may take this into consideration when deciding closure techniques for ankle fractures. Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

[Legislation on the pharmaceutical industry in Morocco during the French protectorate 1912 - 1956].

Science.gov (United States)

Nhaili, Hicham; Taoufik, Jamal

2015-06-01

In Morocco, the pharmaceutical industry was born with the French protectorate. She knew a great evolution: from a limited production for local needs, it became an important activity, organized to export pharmaceutical patent medicines. This article revisits the birth and history of this industry during the protectorate. It refers to the situation at the time by listing some examples of active establishments and some specialities marketed. It also aims to increase knowledge about the industry and provides an overview of the situation of practitioners remembering the texts governing the profession. Based on the available literature, we examined and analyzed the arrangements related to the establishment, organization and evolution of the pharmaceutical industry.

Hearing protector fit testing with off-shore oil-rig inspectors in Louisiana and Texas.

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, William J; Themann, Christa L; Murata, Taichi K

2016-11-01

This field study aimed to assess the noise reduction of hearing protection for individual workers, demonstrate the effectiveness of training on the level of protection achieved, and measure the time required to implement hearing protector fit testing in the workplace. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted field studies in Louisiana and Texas to test the performance of HPD Well-Fit. Fit tests were performed on 126 inspectors and engineers working in the offshore oil industry. Workers were fit tested with the goal of achieving a 25-dB PAR. Less than half of the workers were achieving sufficient protection from their hearing protectors prior to NIOSH intervention and training; following re-fitting and re-training, over 85% of the workers achieved sufficient protection. Typical test times were 6-12 minutes. Fit testing of the workers' earplugs identified those workers who were and were not achieving the desired level of protection. Recommendations for other hearing protection solutions were made for workers who could not achieve the target PAR. The study demonstrates the need for individual hearing protector fit testing and addresses some of the barriers to implementation.

Flora of St Katherine Protectorate: key to families and genera ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

An illustrated key to families and genera of the flora of the St Katherine Protectorate is provided to facilitate the identification of the unique flora of the area, based on five years of collecting mainly in the mountains and wadis surrounding the town of St Katherine. The key includes 43 families and 141 genera, the families ...

[Contraception and protection against STDs. CERPOD measures use of the Protector condom in Mali].

Science.gov (United States)

Konate, M K

1993-08-01

In April 1993, a technical assistance contract to measure general condom use, particularly use of the brand name Protector, which has been marketed in Mali since March 1992, was made between the Center of Studies and Research on Population for Development (CERPOD) and the Popular Pharmacy of Mali. In June-July 1991, the SOMARC project and the Malian Institute for Applied Research in Development conducted a baseline survey to determine the condom use rate in Mali before Protector was introduced on the Malian market, so the social marketing project for contraception could be evaluated. It examined knowledge, use, and achievable target level and determined the characteristics of users of the Protector condom. It revealed that more than 90% of both men and women believed birth spacing was a good idea. Men approved of birth spacing for cost-saving reasons, while women approved birth spacing because it allowed mothers time to recuperate between births. Another earlier study in 1987 in Bamako found that 78% of the women already favored birth spacing. 90% of the men in the main cities in Mali knew about condoms. 63% of these men had used them in the past, mainly to prevent sexually transmitted diseases. 30% used them consistently. One hoped that this number was going to grow, since 80% of the men said that they would use condoms in the future. The evaluation of the 1991 social marketing campaign will end in August 1993 and will measure whether it was successful or not. In November 1992, CERPOD followed the framework of a recent baseline survey for an IEC (information, education, and communication) family planning program, operated jointly by the Malian Association for the Protection and Promotion of the Family and Population Communication Services, to measure the effect of the brand name Protector. CERPOD's survey results will be compared with those of the 1993 survey.

The primary factor for suture configuration at rotator cuff repair: Width of mattress or distance from tear edge

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Onur Hapa

2016-08-01

Conclusion: Bite size from the edge of the tendon seems to be more important than the width of the mattress. The curve of the suture passing device may also have an effect on the strength of the suture tendon interface.

Pressure ulcers prevention efficacy of an alternating pressure air mattress in elderly patients: E²MAO a randomised study.

Science.gov (United States)

Sauvage, P; Touflet, M; Pradere, C; Portalier, F; Michel, J-M; Charru, P; Passadori, Y; Fevrier, R; Hallet-Lezy, A-M; Beauchêne, F; Scherrer, B

2017-06-02

Our aim was to compare Axtair One, an alternating pressure air mattress (APAM), with a viscoelastic foam mattress (VFM) in elderly patients at moderate to high risk of developing pressure ulcers (PUs). A randomised, controlled, superiority, parallel-group, open-label, multicentre study, was conducted, between February 2012 and March 2015, in nine French, medium- and long-term stay facilities. Eligible patients were aged 70 and over, had no PUs on enrolment, were bedridden for at least 15 hours per day, had reduced mobility, an absent or minimal positioning capability, a Braden score 12 and a Karnofsky score elderly patients, bedridden for more than 15 hours per day, severely dependent, at moderate-to high-risk of PUs, with an instantaneous risk for the appearance of PUs 7.57 times greater in the VFM group than in the APAM group. This study provides descriptive information and evidence for practice.

ALGORITMO PARA DISEÑAR LÍNEAS DE TRANSMISIÓN CON CABLES PROTECTORES SEGMENTADOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Héctor Silvio Llamo Laborí

2011-02-01

Full Text Available En las líneas de transmisión a voltajes de 220 kV y mayores, el valor de las pérdidas en loscables protectores puede justificar económicamente su segmentación para reducirlas a cero.Se presentan los resultados y las características de un algoritmo para diseñar o comprobar eldiseño de esquemas de cables protectores segmentados a partir de calcular el voltaje máximoinducido electromagnéticamente en los mismos.  In the 220 kV and higher transmission lines, the lost value in the ground wires can justifieseconomically its segmentation to reduce it to zero.Are presented the characteristics and results of an algorithm to design or test the schemesof segmented ground wires calculating the electromagnetic voltage induced on it.

Low Cost Plastic Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor Embedded in Mattress for Vital Signal Monitoring.

Science.gov (United States)

Sartiano, Demetrio; Sales, Salvador

2017-12-13

The aim of this paper is to report the design of a low-cost plastic optical fiber (POF) pressure sensor, embedded in a mattress. We report the design of a multipoint sensor, a cheap alternative to the most common fiber sensors. The sensor is implemented using Arduino board, standard LEDs for optical communication in POF (λ = 645 nm) and a silicon light sensor. The Super ESKA ® plastic fibers were used to implement the fiber intensity sensor, arranged in a 4 × 4 matrix. During the breathing cycles, the force transmitted from the lungs to the thorax is in the order of tens of Newtons, and the respiration rate is of one breath every 2-5 s (0.2-0.5 Hz). The sensor has a resolution of force applied on a single point of 2.2-4.5%/N on the normalized voltage output, and a bandwidth of 10 Hz, it is then suitable to monitor the respiration movements. Another issue to be addressed is the presence of hysteresis over load cycles. The sensor was loaded cyclically to estimate the drift of the system, and the hysteresis was found to be negligible.

Low Cost Plastic Optical Fiber Pressure Sensor Embedded in Mattress for Vital Signal Monitoring

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Demetrio Sartiano

2017-12-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to report the design of a low-cost plastic optical fiber (POF pressure sensor, embedded in a mattress. We report the design of a multipoint sensor, a cheap alternative to the most common fiber sensors. The sensor is implemented using Arduino board, standard LEDs for optical communication in POF (λ = 645 nm and a silicon light sensor. The Super ESKA® plastic fibers were used to implement the fiber intensity sensor, arranged in a 4 × 4 matrix. During the breathing cycles, the force transmitted from the lungs to the thorax is in the order of tens of Newtons, and the respiration rate is of one breath every 2–5 s (0.2–0.5 Hz. The sensor has a resolution of force applied on a single point of 2.2–4.5%/N on the normalized voltage output, and a bandwidth of 10 Hz, it is then suitable to monitor the respiration movements. Another issue to be addressed is the presence of hysteresis over load cycles. The sensor was loaded cyclically to estimate the drift of the system, and the hysteresis was found to be negligible.

Effect evaluation of a heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients' temperatures in prehospital emergency care - an intervention study.

Science.gov (United States)

Aléx, Jonas; Karlsson, Stig; Björnstig, Ulf; Saveman, Britt-Inger

2015-01-01

Background The ambulance milieu does not offer good thermal comfort to patients during the cold Swedish winters. Patients' exposure to cold temperatures combined with a cold ambulance mattress seems to be the major factor leading to an overall sensation of discomfort. There is little research on the effect of active heat delivered from underneath in ambulance care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an electrically heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients' temperatures in the prehospital emergency care. Methods A quantitative intervention study on ambulance care was conducted in the north of Sweden. The ambulance used for the intervention group (n=30) was equipped with an electrically heated mattress on the regular ambulance stretcher whereas for the control group (n=30) no active heat was provided on the stretcher. Outcome variables were measured as thermal comfort on the Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS), subjective comments on cold experiences, and finger, ear and air temperatures. Results Thermal comfort, measured by CDS, improved during the ambulance transport to the emergency department in the intervention group (p=0.001) but decreased in the control group (p=0.014). A significant higher proportion (57%) of the control group rated the stretcher as cold to lie down compared to the intervention group (3%, pthermal comfort and may prevent the negative consequences of cold stress.

Effect evaluation of a heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients' temperatures in prehospital emergency care--an intervention study.

Science.gov (United States)

Aléx, Jonas; Karlsson, Stig; Björnstig, Ulf; Saveman, Britt-Inger

2015-01-01

The ambulance milieu does not offer good thermal comfort to patients during the cold Swedish winters. Patients' exposure to cold temperatures combined with a cold ambulance mattress seems to be the major factor leading to an overall sensation of discomfort. There is little research on the effect of active heat delivered from underneath in ambulance care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an electrically heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients' temperatures in the prehospital emergency care. A quantitative intervention study on ambulance care was conducted in the north of Sweden. The ambulance used for the intervention group (n=30) was equipped with an electrically heated mattress on the regular ambulance stretcher whereas for the control group (n=30) no active heat was provided on the stretcher. Outcome variables were measured as thermal comfort on the Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS), subjective comments on cold experiences, and finger, ear and air temperatures. Thermal comfort, measured by CDS, improved during the ambulance transport to the emergency department in the intervention group (p=0.001) but decreased in the control group (p=0.014). A significant higher proportion (57%) of the control group rated the stretcher as cold to lie down compared to the intervention group (3%, pthermal comfort and may prevent the negative consequences of cold stress.

Hip protectors: recommendations for conducting clinical trials--an international consensus statement (part II)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cameron, I D; Robinovitch, S; Birge, S

2010-01-01

While hip protectors are effective in some clinical trials, many, including all in community settings, have been unable to demonstrate effectiveness. This is due partly to differences in the design and analysis. The aim of this report is to develop recommendations for subsequent clinical research....

On some aspects of the UN Security Council Mandate Application during the NATO Operation Unified Protector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zdeněk Kříž

2012-12-01

Full Text Available The question of the compliance of the NATO operation Unified Protector with the international law has not become a key topic of scholarly debate yet. The prevailing attitude is such that NATO intervention was in accordance with the international law. Nevertheless, the article argues that NATO in Libya exceeded the UN Security Council mandate. Unified Protector was an operation conducted in the favour of one side, in this case, the rebels. NATO military engagement in Libya very much approached providing air support to Libyan rebelling groups in order to topple the regime. Furthermore, this conclusion is also confirmed by the fact that Western countries had provided military advisors and arms as well.

Risk by use of hearing protectors--expert programme supports SMEs in appropriate selection and use.

Science.gov (United States)

Liedtke, M

2005-01-01

Comprehensive protection by use of PPE against the hazards at work requires more than proper selection based on the protection level needed: The PPE user directive (Council Directive 89/656/EEC, Official Journal of the European Communities L 393, 30/12/1989 p.0018 - 0028) requires an assessment of personal protective equipment itself, which has to consider the risks which may be introduced by use of PPE or use of combinations of PPE. As an example risks which may be introduced by use of hearing protectors are described. Assistance in the assessment required by PPE user directive (Council Directive 89/656/EEC, Official Journal of the European Communities L 393, 30/12/1989 p. 0018 - 0028) and in selection and use of hearing protectors with regard to this assessment is presented.

Shielding effect of clinical x-ray protector and lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of 99mTc

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukuda, Atsushi; Takahashi, Masaaki; Kitabayashi, Keitarou; Koshida, Kichiro; Matsubara, Kousuke; Noto, Kimiya; Nakagawa, Hiroto; Kawabata, Chikako

2004-01-01

Various pharmaceutical companies in Japan are making radioactive drugs available for positron emission tomography (PET) in hospitals without a cyclotron. With the distribution of these drugs to hospitals, medical check-ups and examinations using PET are expected to increase. However, the safety guidelines for radiation in the new deployment of PET have not been adequately improved. Therefore, we measured the shielding effect of a clinical X-ray protector and lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of 99m Tc. We then calculated the shielding effect of a 0.25 mm lead protector, 1 mm lead, and lead glass using the EGS4 (Electron Gamma Shower Version 4) code. The shielding effects of 22-mm lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of 99m Tc were approximately 31.5% and 93.3%, respectively. The clinical X-ray protector against annihilation radiation approximately doubled the skin-absorbed dose. (author)

[Shielding effect of clinical X-ray protector and lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of 99mTc].

Science.gov (United States)

Fukuda, Atsushi; Koshida, Kichiro; Yamaguchi, Ichiro; Takahashi, Masaaki; Kitabayashi, Keitarou; Matsubara, Kousuke; Noto, Kimiya; Kawabata, Chikako; Nakagawa, Hiroto

2004-12-01

Various pharmaceutical companies in Japan are making radioactive drugs available for positron emission tomography (PET) in hospitals without a cyclotron. With the distribution of these drugs to hospitals, medical check-ups and examinations using PET are expected to increase. However, the safety guidelines for radiation in the new deployment of PET have not been adequately improved. Therefore, we measured the shielding effect of a clinical X-ray protector and lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of (99m)Tc. We then calculated the shielding effect of a 0.25 mm lead protector, 1 mm lead, and lead glass using the EGS4 (Electron Gamma Shower Version 4) code. The shielding effects of 22-mm lead glass against annihilation radiation and gamma rays of (99m)Tc were approximately 31.5% and 93.3%, respectively. The clinical X-ray protector against annihilation radiation approximately doubled the skin-absorbed dose.

Factores protectores: un aporte investigativo desde la psicología comunitaria de la salud

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Amar Amar

2003-01-01

Full Text Available La mayor preocupación de los últimos años en cuanto a salud, infancia y niñez ha sido la implementación de estrategias de prevención que fortalezcan los factores protectores en las familias, las escuelas y las comunidades locales, para tratar de optimizar las influencias ambientales en el desarrollo de los niños y, al mismo tiempo, prevenir riesgos que puedan afectar su vida. Este artículo se fundamenta en el núcleo investigativo del Proyecto de Atención Integral a la Infancia “Costa Atlántica”, desde la perspectiva de la Psicología de la Salud Comunitaria, y se centra en el estudio de los factores cotidianos de protección a los niños entre 0 y 3 años. Se presentan los resultados de las investigaciones “Factores cotidianos de protección a niños de 0 a 3 años en las poblaciones de Tasajera y Barranquilla”. Con base en estos estudios, se han propuesto dos categorías de factores protectores: a los materiales o naturales y b los inmateriales o sociales; y se concluye que los factores protectores más relevantes en el contexto de la vida cotidiana de las familias en desventaja socioeconómica son: seguridad, filiación, afectividad, valores, enseñanza de normas, roles de los miembros de la familias y acceso a servicios complementarios de apoyo que promuevan su desarrollo físico, intelectual y socio-emocional.

A Comparison of Cervical Spine Motion After Immobilization With a Traditional Spine Board and Full-Body Vacuum-Mattress Splint.

Science.gov (United States)

Etier, Brian E; Norte, Grant E; Gleason, Megan M; Richter, Dustin L; Pugh, Kelli F; Thomson, Keith B; Slater, Lindsay V; Hart, Joe M; Brockmeier, Stephen F; Diduch, David R

2017-12-01

The National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) advocates for cervical spine immobilization on a rigid board or vacuum splint and for removal of athletic equipment before transfer to an emergency medical facility. To (1) compare triplanar cervical spine motion using motion capture between a traditional rigid spine board and a full-body vacuum splint in equipped and unequipped athletes, (2) assess cervical spine motion during the removal of a football helmet and shoulder pads, and (3) evaluate the effect of body mass on cervical spine motion. Controlled laboratory study. Twenty healthy male participants volunteered for this study to examine the influence of immobilization type and presence of equipment on triplanar angular cervical spine motion. Three-dimensional cervical spine kinematics was measured using an electromagnetic motion analysis system. Independent variables included testing condition (static lift and hold, 30° tilt, transfer, equipment removal), immobilization type (rigid, vacuum-mattress), and equipment (on, off). Peak sagittal-, frontal-, and transverse-plane angular motions were the primary outcome measures of interest. Subjective ratings of comfort and security did not differ between immobilization types ( P > .05). Motion between the rigid board and vacuum splint did not differ by more than 2° under any testing condition, either with or without equipment. In removing equipment, the mean peak motion ranged from 12.5° to 14.0° for the rigid spine board and from 11.4° to 15.4° for the vacuum-mattress splint, and more transverse-plane motion occurred when using the vacuum-mattress splint compared with the rigid spine board (mean difference, 0.14 deg/s [95% CI, 0.05-0.23 deg/s]; P = .002). In patients weighing more than 250 lb, the rigid board provided less motion in the frontal plane ( P = .027) and sagittal plane ( P = .030) during the tilt condition and transfer condition, respectively. The current study confirms similar motion in the

Trabajadoras sexuales y agremiación: Protectores que brinda la Organización AMMAR ante los riesgos psicosociales Sexual work and union association: protectors offered by AMMAR Organization towards psychosocial risks.

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Matias Alfredo Dreizik

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El trabajo sexual es abordado desde distintas perspectivas, y actualmente ha sido revitalizado por la visibilidad de las organizaciones de mujeres trabajadoras sexuales. El presente trabajo apuntó a identificar si las trabajadoras sexuales cambian sus representaciones acerca del trabajo sexual a partir de nuclearse en AMMAR (Asociación de Mujeres Meretrices Argentinas, debido a los protectores sociales que brinda la Organización. Asimismo, quisimos conocer como afrontan los riesgos psicosociales del trabajo y comparar con un grupo de trabajadoras no nucleadas en AMMAR. Para esto, indagamos a través de grupos focales y entrevistas, los contenidos y significados recurrentes en sus discursos. Los resultados señalan que la Organización brinda protectores a todas las trabajadoras sexuales, con mayor impacto en mujeres que participan activamente de ésta. La diferencia radica en la apropiación, identificación y compromiso que manifiestan las nucleadas, lo cual les permite reconstruir las representaciones sociales del trabajo y proyectarse en el futuro.

The Functioning of Ombudsman (Public Protector in South Africa: Redress and Checks and Balances?

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Moses MONTESH

2009-12-01

Full Text Available The fi rst South African Ombudsman appointed in 1979 in terms of the Advocate-General Act 118 of 1979, as amended by Advocate-General Amendment Act 55 of 1983, was known as the Advocate-General. The need for this of fi ce was apparent after the facts about the Information Scandal had come to light. The of fi ce of the Advocate-General could be compared to that of the Special Prosecutor of the United States, which was also instituted in similar fashion in the wake of the Watergate scandal. The primary reason for the creation of the of fi ce of the Advocate-General was to maintain honest public administration and orderly government. This of fi ce was replaced by the Ombudsman in 1983 after amending the Advocate General Act by the Ombudsman Act of 1983. Then in 1994 the Constitution Act 108 of 1996 repealed the Interim Constitution Act 200 of 1993 and paved the way for the promulgation of the Public Protector Act 23 of 1994 which made provision for the establishment of the of fi ce and the governing principles of the Public Protector. In view of the above brief explanation, this article seeks to unravel evolution of the Ombudsman in South Africa, the challenges affecting the functioning of the Public Protector including the “independence” of the of fi ce as well as the duplication of functions with other agencies. One case study will be used, namely, the controversial “Arms Deal Joint Investigation” as well a comparative study will be done with the Parliamentary Ombudsman of Sweden.

Protector bucal por laminado a presión en paciente deportista

OpenAIRE

Corral, Camila; Mercado, Montserrat; Latapiat, André; Veliz, Andrea; Garrido, Mauricio; de Oliveira Jr, Osmir Batista

2017-01-01

RESUMEN: El traumatismo dentoalveolar incluye un conjunto de lesiones que afectan a los dientes y/o estructuras de soporte a consecuencia de un impacto violento directo o indirecto. Debido a que por lo general comprometen el sector anterior generan cambios físicos, fonéticos, psicológicos y dietarios, que pueden afectar significativamente la calidad de vida de pacientes afectados por este traumatismo. Los protectores bucales son considerados la principal medida para minimizar y/o evitar estos...

Photomultiplier protector for a fluorometer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Priarone, P.; St John, P.A.

1982-01-01

The photometer is adapted for sensing radiation emitted by a chemical sample held in a cuvette received in a first compartment and includes a highly sensitive photomultiplier in a second compartment adjacent the first compartment for detecting fluorescent radiation emitted by the chemical sample and passing through an opening between the compartments. A mechanical protector assembly is provided for protecting the photomultiplier from ambient light and includes a movable light shield movable between a first position blocking the opening and a second position not blocking the opening. A knob is provided for moving the light shield to the first position to protect the photomultiplier from light entering from the first compartment when the first compartment is opened for insertion or removal of a cuvette, and for moving the light shield to the second position not blocking the opening to permit radiation emitted by the chemical sample to impinge upon the photomultiplier in the second compartment. The photometer also includes a mechanical interlocking assembly for ensuring that the first compartment cannot be opened unless the light shield is in the first position to prevent ambient light from entering the second compartment from the first compartment and reaching the photomultiplier

Agentes protectores contra hongos asociados a la semilla de pejibaye (bactris gasipaes kunth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Arroyo

2000-01-01

Full Text Available Agentes protectores contra hongos asociados a la semilla de pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth. Se presenta un estudio de alternativas no tradicionales, para el control del ataque fungoso a las semillas de pejibaye durante el proceso de germinación. Se evaluó el efecto de 13 agentes protectores: Vitavax + Benomil, Bayletón, NaCl, Cloro, Kilol, Alcohol, H2O2, Aserrín, H2O, Gasolina, Diesel, Kerosene y Chile picante. De las sustancias probadas, la inmersión en kerosene y gasolina, mostraron un comportamiento tan efectivo como los fungicidas triadimefom (Bayletón y la mezcla de carboxin + benomyl. Esto debido al efecto fungicida y su posterior evaporación, no interfiriendo con la respiración, como fue el caso del aceite diesel. Se encontró además que el peróxido de hidrógeno (H2O2, tuvo un efecto acelerador de la germinación, pero no actuó como buen fungicida. El kilol, mostró un efecto fungicida prometedor a concentración superior a los 10 cc/l de agua

Operations Odyssey Dawn and Unified Protector: Another Win for Warden s Theory

Science.gov (United States)

2014-12-04

the aircraft aimed at armoured vehicles just outside Benghazi. At night, US Navy ships and Royal Navy submarine HMS Triumph launched 112 Tomahawk...the vicinity of Zintan: 3 tanks, 1 anti-aircraft weapon system and 1 armoured vehicles were destroyed. In the vicinity of Brega: 1 building was... demographic groups) to be sympathetic and helpful in a variety of ways.”95 For Operations Odyssey Dawn and Unified Protector, the objective was

Thyroid equivalent dose in staffs that use neck lead protector in pediatric barium meal; Dose equivalente na tireoide dos profissionais que utilizam o protetor plumbifero nos exames de seed pediatrico

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Filipov, Danielle; Sauzen, Jessica; Paschuk, Sergei A., E-mail: dfilipov@utfpr.edu.br [Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana (UTFPR), Curitiba, PR (Brazil); Schelin, Hugo R.; Denyak, Valeriy [Instituto de Pesquisa Pele Pequeno Principe (IPPP), Curitiba, PR (Brazil); Legnani, Adriano [Hospital Pequeno Principe, Curitiba, PR (Brazil)

2015-08-15

The aim of this study is to estimate the thyroid equivalent dose in staffs that perform pediatric barium meal procedures and use neck lead protector. Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLDs) were positioned on the lead protectors, used by two professionals. After that, a solid state detector was exposed (with and without the protector above it). Therefore, it was possible to obtain both lead protectors attenuation factors. At the end, average and annual doses received by the TLDs and the thyroid (applying the attenuation factor over the dosimeters doses) were obtained. It was found that the average and annual equivalent doses in the thyroid gland are, respectively, higher than in comparative studies and within the established limits. With these data, it is concluded that the application of radiation protection optimization techniques is required. (author)

[Clinical study of the effect of preventing dentine hypersensitiveness by using Fluor Protector and Green Or on the prepared vital pulp abutment teeth].

Science.gov (United States)

Qin, Jia-nan; Lu, Yu-miao; Zhou, Xiao-yan

2005-04-01

To study and evaluate the effect preventing dentine hypersensitiveness by using Fluor Protector or Green Or on the prepared vital pulp abutment teeth of PFM bridges. 118 cases, 246 prepared vital pulp abutment teeth, were randomly divided into three groups: Experimental Group A--treated with the Fluor Protector and temporary crown; Experimental Group B--treated with the Green Or and temporary crown, and Control Group--only using temporary crown. The results of desensitization in 3 groups were evaluated. F test was used for analysis (DSPV6.01). Significant differences were found between experimental Group A, B and the control group after 1 week (when cementing the PFM bridges); and also after 1 month (P0.05). The effect of preventing dental hypersensitiveness by using Fluor Protector or Green Or on the prepared vital pulp abutment teeth of PFM bridges is ideal. It is easy to use and worth being widely applied.

Generación del plan de manejo ambiental del Bosque Protector Aguarongo a partir de la evaluación de impacto ambiental

OpenAIRE

Lomas Taipe, Martha Elizabeth

2016-01-01

El documento consiste en la generación de un plan de manejo ambiental del Bosque Protector Aguarongo a partir de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental, con la finalidad de identificar los impactos ambientales que se están efectuando dentro del bosque, para el planteamiento de programas y medidas que permitan la protección y conservación de la biodiversidad presente en el Bosque Protector Aguarongo. The document consists of the generation of an environmental management plan Protected Forest Ag...

Textbook Inspection and Censorship in Korea during the Protectorate Period: A Study of Inspection Copies of Textbooks Compiled by the Young Korean Academy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soyoung Kim

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Established during the Japanese protectorate period, the censorship system lasted throughout the colonial period as well. Therefore it is necessary to examine such censorship system as part of Japan’s colonization policy and shed light on the historical and current significance of the censorship system as well as its effects. Recently, copies of textbook provided to the Ministry of Education (Hakbu for inspection in the protectorate period were newly discovered. Materials that have been inspected by the Japanese Residency-General of Korea—inspection copies of textbooks from the Young Korean Academy (Heungsadan—were included in the “Collection of new materials related to Yu Kilchun”. Using these newly discovered copies of textbooks that had been subject to inspection, this study is the first in a series of research that attempted to examine actual cases of textbook inspection and censorship during the protectorate period and shed light on the historical significance of such activities. This study therefore review legislations on inspection and censorship in this period and studied the early stages in the establishment process of a censorship system in modern Korea. Secondly, this study attempted to provide a bibliographical analysis of the inspection copies of textbooks from the protectorate period, as these are new documents that had never been analyzed or used in research.

Effect evaluation of a heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients’ temperatures in prehospital emergency care – an intervention study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonas Aléx

2015-09-01

Full Text Available Background: The ambulance milieu does not offer good thermal comfort to patients during the cold Swedish winters. Patients’ exposure to cold temperatures combined with a cold ambulance mattress seems to be the major factor leading to an overall sensation of discomfort. There is little research on the effect of active heat delivered from underneath in ambulance care. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an electrically heated ambulance mattress-prototype on thermal comfort and patients’ temperatures in the prehospital emergency care. Methods: A quantitative intervention study on ambulance care was conducted in the north of Sweden. The ambulance used for the intervention group (n=30 was equipped with an electrically heated mattress on the regular ambulance stretcher whereas for the control group (n=30 no active heat was provided on the stretcher. Outcome variables were measured as thermal comfort on the Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS, subjective comments on cold experiences, and finger, ear and air temperatures. Results: Thermal comfort, measured by CDS, improved during the ambulance transport to the emergency department in the intervention group (p=0.001 but decreased in the control group (p=0.014. A significant higher proportion (57% of the control group rated the stretcher as cold to lie down compared to the intervention group (3%, p<0.001. At arrival, finger, ear and compartment air temperature showed no statistical significant difference between groups. Mean transport time was approximately 15 minutes. Conclusions: The use of active heat from underneath increases the patients’ thermal comfort and may prevent the negative consequences of cold stress.

Biomechanical comparison of double-row versus transtendon single-row suture anchor technique for repair of the grade III partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhang, Chun-Gang; Zhao, De-Wei; Wang, Wei-Ming; Ren, Ming-Fa; Li, Rui-Xin; Yang, Sheng; Liu, Yu-Peng

2010-11-01

For partial-thickness tears of the rotator cuff, double-row fixation and transtendon single-row fixation restore insertion site anatomy, with excellent results. We compared the biomechanical properties of double-row and transtendon single-row suture anchor techniques for repair of grade III partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears. In 10 matched pairs of fresh-frozen sheep shoulders, the infraspinatus tendon from 1 shoulder was repaired with a double-row suture anchor technique. This comprised placement of 2 medial anchors with horizontal mattress sutures at an angle of ≤ 45° into the medial margin of the infraspinatus footprint, just lateral to the articular surface, and 2 lateral anchors with horizontal mattress sutures. Standardized, 50% partial, articular-sided infraspinatus lesions were created in the contralateral shoulder. The infraspinatus tendon from the contralateral shoulder was repaired using two anchors with transtendon single-row mattress sutures. Each specimen underwent cyclic loading from 10 to 100 N for 50 cycles, followed by tensile testing to failure. Gap formation and strain over the footprint area were measured using a motion capture system; stiffness and failure load were determined from testing data. Gap formation for the transtendon single-row repair was significantly smaller (P row repair for the first cycle ((1.74 ± 0.38) mm vs. (2.86 ± 0.46) mm, respectively) and the last cycle ((3.77 ± 0.45) mm vs. (5.89 ± 0.61) mm, respectively). The strain over the footprint area for the transtendon single-row repair was significantly smaller (P row repair. Also, it had a higher mean ultimate tensile load and stiffness. For grade III partial articular-sided rotator cuff tears, transtendon single-row fixation exhibited superior biomechanical properties when compared with double-row fixation.

Biomechanical characteristics of single-row repair in comparison to double-row repair with consideration of the suture configuration and suture material.

Science.gov (United States)

Baums, M H; Buchhorn, G H; Spahn, G; Poppendieck, B; Schultz, W; Klinger, H-M

2008-11-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the time zero mechanical properties of single- versus double-row configuration for rotator cuff repair in an animal model with consideration of the stitch technique and suture material. Thirty-two fresh-frozen sheep shoulders were randomly assigned to four repair groups: suture anchor single-row repair coupled with (1) braided, nonabsorbable polyester suture sized USP No. 2 (SRAE) or (2) braided polyblend polyethylene suture sized No. 2 (SRAH). The double-row repair was coupled with (3) USP No. 2 (DRAE) or (4) braided polyblend polyethylene suture No. 2 (DRAH). Arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches were used (single-row) and combined with medial horizontal mattress stitches (double-row). Shoulders were cyclically loaded from 10 to 180 N. Displacement to gap formation of 5- and 10-mm at the repair site, cycles to failure, and the mode of failure were determined. The ultimate tensile strength was verified in specimens that resisted to 3,000 cycles. DRAE and DRAH had a lower frequency of 5- (P = 0.135) and 10-mm gap formation (P = 0.135). All DRAE and DRAH resisted 3,000 cycles while only three SRAE and one SRAH resisted 3,000 cycles (P row specimens was significantly higher than in others (P 0.05). Double-row suture anchor repair with arthroscopic Mason-Allen/medial mattress stitches provides initial strength superior to single-row repair with arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches under isometric cyclic loading as well as under ultimate loading conditions. Our results support the concept of double-row fixation with arthroscopic Mason-Allen/medial mattress stitches in rotator cuff tears with improvement of initial fixation strength and ultimate tensile load. Use of new polyblend polyethylene suture material seems not to increase the initial biomechanical aspects of the repair construct.

The study of the biochemical properties of Nigelia Sativa L. and their use as radiation protectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rzayev, N.R; Guliyev, N.T.; Kiseleva, T.L; Pavlova, L.A; Bereza, N.S.

2012-01-01

Full text : Recently in order to protect organisms from the of radiation effect radio protectors have been applied principally concerning to sulfur compounds, aminothioles and indolilalkins. Due to the long-term exploitations and misuse of soil under man-made factor the area of eroded soils has significantly increased. Consequently, cultivation and pasture areas have decreased. Recently the use of synthetic medicinal preparations has increased in order to meet the demands of people. Race mates are not observed in natural substances. The presence of race mates and isomers in human organism causes different diseases. Therefore its required to set new soils in operation and cultivate highly-productive species. The seeds and seed oil have been used as a diuretic, appetitive, hemorrhagic and anti dandruff therapy in folk medicine. The seeds have also been used traditionally for centuries in the Middle East, Far East, and some Mediterranean and European countries for the treatment of deferent ailments such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiac diseases, hemorrhoids, and sexual diseases and a s an abortifacient. Essential oil plants are potential radio protectors. Many plants are applied according to radio protector features of essential oils. Radiotherapy is one of the most common therapies for treating human cancers. Several studies have indicated that irradiation induces reactive oxygen species which play an important role in radiation damage of the cell. In the scientific literature there results as alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages have been used to treat burns radioactive substances and their removal from the body. Our progress in the preparation of liqueurs, sadofos, soft drinks from plants, will allow the successful use. Clean oil of sea buck thorn, black cumin and basil have strong radio protective properties. The production of these oils without determinant of impurities has been tested in laboratory conditions, the implementations of this technology

A Novel Repair Method for Radial Tears of the Medial Meniscus: Biomechanical Comparison of Transtibial 2-Tunnel and Double Horizontal Mattress Suture Techniques Under Cyclic Loading.

Science.gov (United States)

Bhatia, Sanjeev; Civitarese, David M; Turnbull, Travis Lee; LaPrade, Christopher M; Nitri, Marco; Wijdicks, Coen A; LaPrade, Robert F

2016-03-01

Complete radial tears of the medial meniscus have been reported to be functionally similar to a total meniscectomy. At present, there is no consensus on an ideal technique for repair of radial midbody tears of the medial meniscus. Prior attempts at repair with double horizontal mattress suture techniques have led to a reportedly high rate of incomplete healing or healing in a nonanatomic (gapped) position, which compromises the ability of the meniscus to withstand hoop stresses. A newly proposed 2-tunnel radial meniscal repair method will result in decreased gapping and increased ultimate failure loads compared with the double horizontal mattress suture repair technique under cyclic loading. Controlled laboratory study. Ten matched pairs of male human cadaveric knees (average age, 58.6 years; range, 48-66 years) were used. A complete radial medial meniscal tear was made at the junction of the posterior one-third and middle third of the meniscus. One knee underwent a horizontal mattress inside-out repair, while the contralateral knee underwent a radial meniscal repair entailing the same technique with a concurrent novel 2-tunnel repair. Specimens were potted and mounted on a universal testing machine. Each specimen was cyclically loaded 1000 times with loads between 5 and 20 N before experiencing a load to failure. Gap distances at the tear site and failure load were measured. The 2-tunnel repairs exhibited a significantly stronger ultimate failure load (median, 196 N; range, 163-212 N) than did the double horizontal mattress suture repairs (median, 106 N; range, 63-229 N) (P = .004). In addition, the 2-tunnel repairs demonstrated decreased gapping at all testing states (P meniscus significantly decrease the ability of the meniscus to dissipate tibiofemoral loads, predisposing patients to early osteoarthritis. Improving the ability to repair medial meniscal radial tears in a way that withstands cyclic loads and heals in an anatomic position could significantly

Revisión conceptual del estudio de la autoestima: factores influyentes y protectores

OpenAIRE

Rocha Docampo, Carla da

2012-01-01

Se analiza el concepto de autoestima desde una perspectiva histórica y teórica, cómo se han ido desarrollando sus definiciones a lo largo del tiempo, cuáles son sus componentes y su desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo vital. Además, se exponen los factores implicados que más influyen en los niveles individuales de autoestima y se analizan los factores protectores de la autoestima utilizados en el ámbito escolar por parte de los estudiantes

Measurement of impulse peak insertion loss from two acoustic test fixtures and four hearing protector conditions with an acoustic shock tube

Science.gov (United States)

Murphy, William J.; Fackler, Cameron J.; Berger, Elliott H.; Shaw, Peter B.; Stergar, Mike

2015-01-01

Impulse peak insertion loss (IPIL) was studied with two acoustic test fixtures and four hearing protector conditions at the E-A-RCAL Laboratory. IPIL is the difference between the maximum estimated pressure for the open-ear condition and the maximum pressure measured when a hearing protector is placed on an acoustic test fixture (ATF). Two models of an ATF manufactured by the French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis (ISL) were evaluated with high-level acoustic impulses created by an acoustic shock tube at levels of 134 decibels (dB), 150 dB, and 168 dB. The fixtures were identical except that the E-A-RCAL ISL fixture had ear canals that were 3 mm longer than the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ISL fixture. Four hearing protection conditions were tested: Combat Arms earplug with the valve open, ETYPlugs® earplug, TacticalPro headset, and a dual-protector ETYPlugs earplug with TacticalPro earmuff. The IPILs measured for the E-A-RCAL fixture were 1.4 dB greater than the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) ISL ATF. For the E-A-RCAL ISL ATF, the left ear IPIL was 2.0 dB greater than the right ear IPIL. For the NIOSH ATF, the right ear IPIL was 0.3 dB greater than the left ear IPIL. PMID:26356380

Development of gonad protectors to be used in children radiology from recycled materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sousa, C.H.S.; Teixeira, G.J.; Peixoto, J.G.P.; Menezes, I.V.; Medeiros, D.O.; Nunes, M.M.; Pinheiro, R.A.; Bernardes, P.M.B.; Oliveira, D.

2014-01-01

The use of medical radiology as a diagnostic tool has become a common practice and its benefits are undeniable, however, the radiological protection of patients has become a constant concern of the international community. Since children have a longer life expectancy, the risks of stochastic effects increase significantly. Thus, this study developed and designed gonads protectors, taking into account the anatomy, dimensions and ages of pediatric patients, reducing exposure to the primary beam by 94%. Furthermore, as a result of a secondary objective,success was obtained in reusing discarded as defective aprons. (author)

Evaluation of the fullerene compound DF-1 as a radiation protector

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shankavaram Uma T

2010-05-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Fullerene compounds are known to possess antioxidant properties, a common property of chemical radioprotectors. DF-1 is a dendrofullerene nanoparticle with antioxidant properties previously found to be radioprotective in a zebrafish model. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radioprotective effects of DF-1 in a murine model of lethal total body irradiation and to assess for selective radioprotection of normal cells versus tumor cells. Methods In vitro radioresponse was evaluated with clonogenic assays with human tumor cells and fibroblast lines in the presence of varying concentrations of DF-1 or vehicle. DNA double strand break induction and repair was evaluated with immunocytochemistry for γH2AX. Lethal total body irradiation was delivered with 137Cs after intraperitoneal delivery of DF-1 or vehicle control. Bone marrow hypoxia was evaluated with piminidazole uptake assessed by flow cytometry. Results DF-1 provided modest radioprotection of human cancer cell lines and fibroblast cell lines when delivered prior to irradiation (dose modifying factor or 1.1. There was no evidence of selective protection of fibroblasts versus tumor cells. Cells treated with DF-1 at radioprotective doses were found to have fewer γH2AX foci at 1 and 6 hours after irradiation compared to vehicle treated controls. The LD50/30 for C57Bl6/Ncr mice treated with a single 300 mg/kg dose of DF-1 pre-irradiation was 10.09 Gy (95% CI 9.58-10.26 versus 8.29 Gy (95% CI, 8.21-8.32 for control mice. No protective effects were seen with a single 200 mg/kg dose. No increase in pimonidazole uptake was appreciated in bone marrow of mice treated with DF-1 compared to vehicle controls. Conclusions DF-1 has modest activity as a radiation protector in vivo. There was no evidence of selective protection from irradiation of normal versus tumor cells with DF-1.

On the sound field requirements in the hearing protector standard ISO 4869-1

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, N. S.; Poulsen, Torben

1999-01-01

The sound field requirements in the ISO 4869 1 standard for hearing protector attenuation measurements comprise two parts: 1) a sound level difference requirement for positions around the head of the listener (ie at positions 15 cm from a reference point; up-down, front-back and left-right) and 2......) a directivity requirement for the sound incidence at the reference point, measured with a directional microphone, to ensure an approximate diffuse sound field. The level difference requirement (1) is not difficult to fulfil but the directivity requirement (2) may lead to contradicting results if the measurement...

Lactancia materna como factor protector de la obesidad infantil y en edades futuras

OpenAIRE

González López, Tamara

2016-01-01

Introducción: la lactancia materna (LM) previene numerosas enfermedades, tanto del niño como de la madre, y previene la obesidad del niño, tanto en la infancia, como en las demás etapas de la vida. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar el valor de la lactancia materna como factor protector frente al sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil y edades futuras. Método: Se ha efectuado una búsqueda sistemática y se han obtenido más de 100 documentos diferentes sobre el tema. Aplic...

Issues in consultation for treatments with distressed activated abuser/protector self-states in dissociative identity disorder.

Science.gov (United States)

Chefetz, Richard A

2017-01-01

The identified "problem self-state" in a dissociative disorder consultation is like the identified patient in a family therapy; the one who is identified may have an assigned role to be blamed which serves the function of deflecting the activities of painful self-states in other family members. In consultation, the "family" includes the therapist in addition to the patient. When the state identified as a problem self-state is an abuser/protector self-state, complications often involve the profound nature of transference-countertransference enactments between patient and therapist, the delusion of separateness, chronic and acute threats of suicide, negative therapeutic reactions, and the evocation of intense negativity. They also involve affect phobia in both patient and therapist, and the emergence of intense shame in the clinical dyad amongst additional potential burdens in these complicated treatments. The task of the consultant is to protect both patient and therapist from an untoward outcome while relieving the painful burdens entailed by the treatment. The typical core dynamic of the abuser/protector state is as a repository for shame/humiliation welded to anger/rage. This dynamic, and others, must be understood in order to resolve these impasses and create useful movement toward growth in both patient and therapist.

Menander Protector. History: On the Turkish Embassy to the Persians and Byzantines in 568 A.C. (translation and commentary

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Olesia Zhdanovich

2014-01-01

Full Text Available The article presents annotated translation from ancient Greek into Russian of the book of Menander Protector. In this text Menander Protector describes first the Turkish embassy to the Persians, and then to the Byzantines. The Great Turkic Khanate was the first Steppe empire in history. The relationship between Turkic Khanate and Byzantine Empire began from the middle of 6th century, parallel to the establishment of the Steppe empire. The purpose of the first Turkish embassies to the Byzantines was conclusion of an alliance against the Persians. Since the end of the 4th century Sassanid Empire and Byzantium challenged each other for the territory of Armenia, part of Georgia and the lands of southern Arabia. At the same time the Byzantine Empire’s relationship with the barbarians in the West were problematic. In addition it was going through a difficult economical and political period inside Empire. Another side of antagonism between Persian and Byzantine Empire was silk trade. Persian Empire had a monopoly on it. Byzantine Empire was in dire need of silk and was forced to buy it overpriced. Turks had silk and proposed it to Byzantines at a bargain price. This article contains the view of the problems of relationship between European Byzantine and Asian Nomadic civilizations in terms of Byzantine author. Previously the Russian translation of Menander Protector was done in the middle of the 19th century by Spiridon Destunis. However, his translation was fragmented and unprofessional containing many imprecisions. Our versions have many rectifications and important comments to some elements of Nomadic and Byzantine style of life. This research should help to understand some part of life, customs and diplomacy of ancient Turks.

Evaluation of the radiation-sensitizer/protector and/or antioxidant efficiencies using Fricke and PAG dosimeters

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meesat, Ridthee; Jay-Gerin, Jean-Paul; Khalil, Abdelouahed; Lepage, Martin

2009-01-01

In this study, our aim is to assess the potential of Fricke and polyacrylamide gel (PAG) dosimeters to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of potential radiation sensitizers/protectors and antioxidants. These compounds are of importance in radiotherapy as well as in disease prevention and promotion of health. The basic principle of the Fricke dosimeter is the radiation-induced oxidation of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ in an aerated aqueous 0.4 M H 2 SO 4 . The production of ferric ions is most sensitive to the radical species produced in the radiolysis of water. Using this method, we observed that cystamine (one of the best of the known radioprotectors) can prevent oxydation of Fe 2+ from reactive radiolysis species. However, one obvious disadvantage of the Fricke dosimeter is that it operates under highly acidic conditions (pH 0.46), which may degrade biological compounds. In contrast, the pH of the polyacrylamide gel (PAG) dosimeter is almost neutral, such that degradation of compounds is less probable. A change in R 2 -dose sensitivity was observed in the presence of radiosensitizers/radioprotectors and antioxidants. The protective effect of Trolox (a well-known antioxidant) and thiourea (a radioprotector) was readily observed using the PAG dosimeter. Incorporation of iodinated radiation sensitizers such as NaI and an iodine contrast agent led to a quantifiable sensitizer enhancement ratio. These studies suggest that the Fricke and the PAG dosimeters have the potential to evaluate the efficiency of radiation sensitizers/protectors and antioxidants.

The plants with essence oil are potential radio protectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rzayev, N.R.; Guluyev, N.T.

2010-01-01

Azerbaijan flora is considered as one of the richest countries according to its genera and species abundance in all over the world. There are 4545 plant species in the Azerbaijan flora the native areal (origin) of many of which is just Azerbaijan. Majority of these plants is used in different fields of the national economy as useful plants. Existance of vertical zonality, abundance of the soil with balanced microelements and etc. Here resulted more amount of biologically active substances in the content of the plants that warrants to use them on the purpose of food, medicine and so on. Also while studying the collection dynamics of biologically active substances in their content quality and quantity index is usually high. Based on our 30 years experience it can be said with certainty: study of bioecological features of basil, melissa and tarragon spread in Azerbaijan Republic area, their use by their biochemical research on the purpose of quality increase of the extracts, ether and fat oils, medicaments of biologically active substances, alcohol-free drinks and food obtained of them is necessary, actual and important for the present time in tinned meat and fish production, in cosmetics and tooth pastes technology working out. In this article it is intended to prepare aerosol, consisted of essence oils and lipid mixtures, for respiratory system treatment in extreme conditions having radiation threat. Flavonoids, carotenoids and antocians along with the activeness of vitamin P and vitamin A possess antiradical, antioxidant, antimutagen, anticanceregenic and antivirus abilities. Besides the medicine they are applied in food, textile, tanning and other industries. The commenced research activities on the purpose of preparation of protector in solders food in an extremal condition, antidote and mithridate against heavy metals, also products against radioactive radiations, preparation of medical aerosols with fragrant aroma against injure of the respiratory system on the

FIRST SINGLE-PORT LAPAROSCOPIC PANCREATECTOMY IN BRAZIL

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Marcel Autran Cesar MACHADO

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Context Pancreatic surgery is an extremely challenging field, and the management of pancreatic diseases continues to evolve. In the past decade, minimal access surgery is moving towards minimizing the surgical trauma by reducing numbers and size of the port. In the last few years, a novel technique with a single-incision laparoscopic approach has been described for several laparoscopic procedures. Objectives We present a single-port laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy. To our knowledge, this is the first single-port pancreatic resection in Brazil and Latin America. Methods A 33-year-old woman with neuroendocrine tumor underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy via single-port approach. A single-incision advanced access platform with gelatin cap, self-retaining sleeve and wound protector was used. Results Operative time was 174 minutes. Blood loss was minimal, and the patient did not receive a transfusion. The recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 4. Conclusions Single-port laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy is feasible and can be safely performed in specialized centers by skilled laparoscopic surgeons.

The effects of NaF, Fluor-protector and Aminofluoride on the enamel of permanent teeth in children

OpenAIRE

Beloica, Dragan

1984-01-01

The effects of three fluor preparation (NaF, Fluor-Protector and Aminofluoride) on the enamel of permanent teeth has been studied by determinig the fluor concentrations in the enamel surface layer and the resistance of enamel to the effects of acids. The fluor preparations were applied to intact extracted teeth. Fluor concentrations were determined in the enamel samples using a Bedkman electrode with pH meter for fliuorides. Acid resistance was established by etching the enamnel samples, prev...

EFFECTS OF Citrus hystryx AS FAT PROTECTOR ON UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS, CHOLESTEROL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LAMB MEAT

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N.C. Tiven

2016-03-01

Full Text Available This study was conducted to determine the effect of Citrus hystrix as fat protector on unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and chemical composition of lamb meat. The research design applied was completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. Fifteen local male lambs aged 9-12 months weighing 14-17 kg, were divided into 3 groups of different diet treatments (P0 : sheeps were only given a basal diet; P1 : sheeps are given basal diet and 3% cooking oil; P2 : sheeps are given basal diet, 3% cooking oil and protected by 3% Citrus hystrix powder. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance, the differences among treatments were tested by Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test. The results showed meat from sheeps that consume P2 diet has a total fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids content were higher (P<0.01, with lower cholesterol content (P<0.01 than of P0, and has a protein and fat content were higher (P <0.01, but a lower water content (P<0.01 than that of PO. It can be concluded that the use of Citrus hystrix powder as fat protector can increase content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, protein and fat, but decrease cholesterol content.

LOS GRUPOS DE SOCIALIZACION COMO FACTOR PROTECTOR CONTRA LA DEPRESION EN PERSONAS ANCIANAS. BARANQUILLA, COLOMBIA

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Rafael Tuesca-Molina

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La depresión en personas ancianas es un problema de salud pública dada su prevalencia y comorbilidad. Los objetivos de este trabajo son determinar el papel de los grupos de socialización como factor protector para depresión; determinar otros factores socioculturales asociados; estimar la prevalencia y determinar la concordancia de las pruebas de cribado para depresión - criterios de la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría y el test de Hamilton. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 602 personas ancianas de entre 60 y 94 años (223 varones y 379 mujeres, muestra representativa para la población residente del sur-occidente de Barranquilla, Colombia. Previo consentimiento, se aplicó una encuesta de administración directa. Se estudiaron las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, limitación física, enfermedades degenerativas, disfunción familiar y dos tests de depresión para determinar la concordancia. Se realizó análisis bivariado entre la depresión y la pertinencia a grupos de socialización al igual que la depresión y otras variables. Se determinó análisis de cribado e índice de Kappa para la concordancia de pruebas. Resultados: La participación en grupos de socialización fue un factor protector de presentar depresión. (OR: 0,5, IC 95%: 0,34- 0,73. La prevalencia de depresión fue de 29,9% (IC95%: 21,4%- 39,4%, siendo en los varones 32,7%. La concordancia con el test de Kappa fue 0,63. (moderada a buena La sensibilidad fue del 56,1%, (48,5% a 63,4%; la especificidad de 99,3%, (IC95%: 97,8%-99,8% y el valor predictivo positivo del 97,1% ( IC95%: 97,2%-99,3%. Conclusiones: Esta investigación determina factores de riesgo para padecer depresión en ancianos potencialmente modificables. La participación en grupos de socialización es un factor protector. La disfunción familiar de tipo moderado y severo, las limitaciones sensoriales como ceguera y sordera, la soledad, ausencia de vivienda y

Design of a Novel Flexible Capacitive Sensing Mattress for Monitoring Sleeping Respiratory

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Wen-Ying Chang

2014-11-01

Full Text Available In this paper, an algorithm to extract respiration signals using a flexible projected capacitive sensing mattress (FPCSM designed for personal health assessment is proposed. Unlike the interfaces of conventional measurement systems for poly-somnography (PSG and other alternative contemporary systems, the proposed FPCSM uses projected capacitive sensing capability that is not worn or attached to the body. The FPCSM is composed of a multi-electrode sensor array that can not only observe gestures and motion behaviors, but also enables the FPCSM to function as a respiration monitor during sleep using the proposed approach. To improve long-term monitoring when body movement is possible, the FPCSM enables the selection of data from the sensing array, and the FPCSM methodology selects the electrodes with the optimal signals after the application of a channel reduction algorithm that counts the reversals in the capacitive sensing signals as a quality indicator. The simple algorithm is implemented in the time domain. The FPCSM system is used in experimental tests and is simultaneously compared with a commercial PSG system for verification. Multiple synchronous measurements are performed from different locations of body contact, and parallel data sets are collected. The experimental comparison yields a correlation coefficient of 0.88 between FPCSM and PSG, demonstrating the feasibility of the system design.

Strategies for Discovery of Small Molecule Radiation Protectors and Radiation Mitigators

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Joel S Greenberger

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Mitochondrial targeted radiation damage protectors (delivered prior to irradiation and mitigators (delivered after irradiation, but before the appearance of symptoms associated with radiation syndrome have been a recent focus in drug discovery for 1 normal tissue radiation protection during fractionated radiotherapy, and 2 radiation terrorism counter measures. Several categories of such molecules have been discovered: nitroxide-linked hybrid molecules, including GS-nitroxide, GS-nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, p53/mdm2/mdm4 inhibitors, and pharmaceutical agents including inhibitors of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway and the anti-seizure medicine, carbamazepine. Evaluation of potential new irradiation dose modifying molecules to protect normal tissue includes: clonagenic radiation survival curves; assays for apoptosis and DNA repair, and irradiation-induced depletion of antioxidant stores. Studies of organ specific radioprotection and in total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome in the mouse model for protection/mitigation facilitate rational means by which to move candidate small molecule drugs along the drug discovery pipeline into clinical development.

Strategies for Discovery of Small Molecule Radiation Protectors and Radiation Mitigators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Greenberger, Joel S.; Clump, David [Radiation Oncology Department, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Kagan, Valerian [Environmental and Occupational Health Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Bayir, Hülya [Critical Care Medicine Department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Lazo, John S. [Pharmacology Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States); Wipf, Peter [Department of Chemistry, Accelerated Chemical Discovery Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Li, Song; Gao, Xiang [Pharmaceutical Science Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Epperly, Michael W., E-mail: greenbergerjs@upmc.edu [Radiation Oncology Department, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

2012-01-13

Mitochondrial targeted radiation damage protectors (delivered prior to irradiation) and mitigators (delivered after irradiation, but before the appearance of symptoms associated with radiation syndrome) have been a recent focus in drug discovery for (1) normal tissue radiation protection during fractionated radiotherapy, and (2) radiation terrorism counter measures. Several categories of such molecules have been discovered: nitroxide-linked hybrid molecules, including GS-nitroxide, GS-nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, p53/mdm2/mdm4 inhibitors, and pharmaceutical agents including inhibitors of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase pathway and the anti-seizure medicine, carbamazepine. Evaluation of potential new radiation dose modifying molecules to protect normal tissue includes: clonogenic radiation survival curves, assays for apoptosis and DNA repair, and irradiation-induced depletion of antioxidant stores. Studies of organ specific radioprotection and in total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic syndrome in the mouse model for protection/mitigation facilitate rational means by which to move candidate small molecule drugs along the drug discovery pipeline into clinical development.

Clinical Results of Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Longitudinal Tear of Medial Meniscus by Vertical Cruciate Double Mattress Sutures with Outside-in Technique

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Seyied Hamid Barzgar

2013-09-01

Full Text Available Introduction : Meniscal tears are one of the most common injuries treated by arthroscopic techniques. Arthroscopic meniscal repair is an accepted way of treatment for meniscal tears. Different arthroscopic techniques for meniscal repair are: inside-out, outside-in and all inside. In the first 2 techniques, meniscus is repaired by sutures and in the later by suture or by commercial ready implants . The goal of current study is assessing clinical results of arthroscopic repair of longitudinal meniscal tears with vertical cruciate double mattress sutures by outside-in technique after 9 months.   Methods: In this case series study, in 13 patients having criteria for engaging the study with longitudinal isolated meniscus tear, arthroscopic meniscal repair was done with vertical cruciate double mattress sutures by outside-in technique and patients were followed for 9 months.   Results: Of 13 patients, there were 12 males (92.3% and one female (7.7% aged 15-38 (average 28.3 years. In follow up period, there was one case (7.7% of irritation by subcutaneous knot. There was not any failure of repair. Average Lysholm score increased from 55.23 to 91.23 after 9 months of follow up, which was statistically significant (p<0.001. At the end of follow up period, there was not any medial joint line tenderness of knee, giving way or significant effusion or pain.   Conclusion: This study shows that this technique has a good short term outcome with no failure and low complications but it is necessary to do more long term studies to prove it.

Design and Build an Adapter for Hearing Protector Test

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Rostam Golmohammadi

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Introduction: To determine the effectiveness of hearing protective devices that lack the technical information are one of the major challenges of occupational health experts to judge the impact of this exposure on reducing the level of occupational exposure to noise. The aim of this study was to design a built a hearing test adapter and expriment it to determine the reduction rate of earmuffs and earplugs. Methods: Technical information in real environments and glass industries were Hamadan kitchen garden and guards to ensure exceptional performance test results were compared with computational methods. Results: The results of the testing of Personal hearing protection compared with the results in real industry environment and octave-band method, have shown good regrassions average operating transmission losses. Results showed that the average noise reduction between measured and calculations method for earmuffs 9.3, 8.8 dB and 9.3, 11.2 dB for earplugs respectively. Comparison of the tests, did not show significant differences between the results in tow methods (P>0.05. Conclusion: The results of the testing designed Adaptor for some hearing protectors showed that the valid tool for used to reduction rate teste of earmuffs and earplugs

16 CFR 1633.9 - Glossary of terms.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... and stationary (see Figure 11). (m) Futon. A flexible mattress generally used on the floor that can be... riser. This is a frame of sofa seating height with two equal size mattresses without a backrest. The... or two single beds as in a high riser (see Figure 11). (dd) Tufted means buttoned or laced through...

EFECTO PROTECTOR DE PEUMUS BOLDUS EN RATAS CON TOXICIDAD HEPÁTICA INDUCIDA POR PARACETAMOL

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Christiam Ochoa

2012-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprobar el efecto protector hepático del extracto acuoso de boldo (EAB (Peumus boldus al daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén (paracetamol. Diseño: Analítico, experimental, aleatorizado, completo – experimento verdadero. Realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina de UNMSM. Material y método. 30 Ratas Holtzman macho de 250g y dos meses se dividieron en 5 grupos aleatoriamente, grupo blanco, control paracetamol 200mg/kg y 3 experimentales tratados con EAB a 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg respectivamente. Se administró EAB de 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg vía orogástrica. Luego de media hora se administró paracetamol 200mg/kg i.p. a los grupos control y experimentales. Este procedimiento se repitió por 5 días. Se tomó pruebas de transaminasas (TGP basal y final en sangre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar la data y un p<0.05 fue considerado significante. Se estudió la anatomopatología de los hígados y se tomaron muestras de tejido teñidas con HE. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa en los niveles de transaminasas (TGP entre grupos (p<0.05. El control obtuvo 196.6 U/L +- 38.1 (TGP mientras que los experimentales como máximo 55.6 U/l. Las muestras control evidencian signos de lesión hepática, degeneración grasa, congestión sinusoidal y centrolobulillar, y necrosis celular. Sin embargo los grupos experimentales no presentan signos de lesión celular y hay ausencia de inflamación. Conclusiones: El boldo tiene un efecto protector hepático al daño inducido por paracetamol en ratas Holtzmann.

La política de los Montes Protectores y su relación con los riesgos naturales en la provincia de Granada

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Miguel Ángel Mesa

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Ante el problema secular de deforestación que se padecía en la Península Ibérica y el relativofracaso de las políticas forestales que intentaron la restauración del arbolado, la administraciónmoderna intentó resolverlo sobre todo por sus repercusiones en los desastres naturales, medianteuna nueva fórmula. Esta consistió en la implantación de la figura de Monte Protector, mediantela Ley 24 de Junio de 1908 de Conservación de Montes y Repoblación Forestal. Esta figura finalmentesólo se implantaría en cuatro provincias, entre las que se encontraba la provincia de Granada.Su importancia radica en que marcará un hito en la consideración de los espacios públicosy privados como objeto de la ausencia de arbolado y lo que posteriormente significaría las políticasde repoblación de montes. En este trabajo se analizan las políticas de Montes Protectores enla provincia de Granada y su incidencia territorial, así como su relación con los riesgos naturales.

The challenge of localizing vehicle backup alarms: Effects of passive and electronic hearing protectors, ambient noise level, and backup alarm spectral content

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Khaled A Alali

2011-01-01

Full Text Available A human factors experiment employed a hemi-anechoic sound field in which listeners were required to localize a vehicular backup alarm warning signal (both a standard and a frequency-augmented alarm in 360-degrees azimuth in pink noise of 60 dBA and 90 dBA. Measures of localization performance included: (1 percentage correct localization, (2 percentage of right--left localization errors, (3 percentage of front-rear localization errors, and (4 localization absolute deviation in degrees from the alarm′s actual location. In summary, the data demonstrated that, with some exceptions, normal hearing listeners′ ability to localize the backup alarm in 360-degrees azimuth did not improve when wearing augmented hearing protectors (including dichotic sound transmission earmuffs, flat attenuation earplugs, and level-dependent earplugs as compared to when wearing conventional passive earmuffs or earplugs of the foam or flanged types. Exceptions were that in the 90 dBA pink noise, the flat attenuation earplug yielded significantly better accuracy than the polyurethane foam earplug and both the dichotic and the custom-made diotic electronic sound transmission earmuffs. However, the flat attenuation earplug showed no benefit over the standard pre-molded earplug, the arc earplug, and the passive earmuff. Confusions of front-rear alarm directions were most significant in the 90 dBA noise condition, wherein two types of triple-flanged earplugs exhibited significantly fewer front-rear confusions than either of the electronic muffs. On all measures, the diotic sound transmission earmuff resulted in the poorest localization of any of the protectors due to the fact that its single-microphone design did not enable interaural cues to be heard. Localization was consistently more degraded in the 90 dBA pink noise as compared with the relatively quiet condition of the 60 dBA pink noise. A frequency-augmented backup alarm, which incorporated 400 Hz and 4000 Hz components

Eficácia da escolha do protetor auditivo pequeno, médio e grande em programa de conservação auditiva Efficacy in the choice of small, medium or large auricular protector under auditive conservation program

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Marleide Aparecida Griggio Rodrigues

2006-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: verificar a eficácia da escolha do protetor auditivo por tamanhos Pequeno, Médio, Grande em um programa de conservação auditiva. MÉTODO: fizeram parte do estudo 30 indivíduos com audição normal previamente avaliados, de 18 a 45 anos de idade, sendo 15 do gênero feminino e 15 do gênero masculino, de Indústria Moveleira. Os sujeitos foram submetidos à avaliação audiológica convencional, audiometria em campo livre sem protetor auricular de inserção, com protetor tamanho universal e com tamanho adequado a cada indivíduo. Para análise estatística foi aplicado teste T Paramétrico para análise das diferenças. RESULTADOS: O teste T Paramétrico pareado, mostrou significância, na comparação dos protetores auriculares na freqüência de 4KHz. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados mostraram eficácia dos protetores auriculares pequeno e grande sobre os protetores tamanho universal em um programa de conservação auditiva.PURPOSE: to check the efficacy in the choice of small, medium or large auricular protector under auditive conservation program. METHODS: 30 individuals, between 18 to 45-year old, with normal hearing, were part of the study previously evaluated: 15 women and 15 men, all working in a furniture industry. The individuals were submitted to the conventional audiological evaluation, audiometry in free field without auricular insertion protector, with universal size protector and with size adequate to each individual. For statistical analysis we used Parametric T test for analyzing the differences. RESULTS: the Parametric T test showed significance, during the comparison of the auricular protectors in the frequency of 4KHz. CONCLUSION: these results demonstrate efficacy in choice of small, medium or large auditive protector, under auditive conservation program.

La biología del color protector en las mariposas

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Richter Leopold

1960-12-01

Full Text Available Los conocimientos biológicos no pueden ser considerados correctamente si se han obtenido en seres vivos, de un medio ambiente, transformado por el hombre a través de muchas centurias, como ocurre en Europa.  Por otra parte los primeros «amigos de la naturaleza» eran hijos de una época supremamente romántica y de aquella datan conceptos como «flores hermosas», «mariposas bellas». «abejas laboriosas» que contribuyen hasta para el establecimiento de leyes biológicas.  Talles conceptos se han conservado y propagado a través de los años en las cátedras de biología y en los textos escolares, como si existiesen realmente. Lo antiguo, ya aceptado, se hereda sin disgusto, especialmente si se lo relaciona con historietas amenas.  Un concepto de esta naturaleza se denomina «el colorido protector» en los insectos y especialmente en los lepidópteros. Para ver esto se hace necesario, en primer lugar, estar en medio ambiente que no haya sufrido de ninguna manera la influencia demoledora del hombre. Como segunda medida muy lógicamente debe descubrirse contra qué se protege; en el caso nuestro, una mariposa cualquiera.

Efecto Protector de Peumus Boldus en ratas con toxicidad hepática inducida por Paracetamol

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Christiam Ochoa

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Comprobar el efecto protector hepático del extracto acuoso de boldo (EAB (Peumus boldus al daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén (paracetamol. Diseño: Analítico, experimental, aleatorizado, completo ¿ experimento verdadero. Realizado en el Instituto de Patología de la Facultad de Medicina de UNMSM. Material y método. 30 Ratas Holtzman macho de 250g y dos meses se dividieron en 5 grupos aleatoriamente, grupo blanco, control paracetamol 200mg/kg y 3 experimentales tratados con EAB a 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg respectivamente. Se administró EAB de 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg y 160 mg/kg vía orogástrica. Luego de media hora se administró paracetamol 200mg/kg i.p. a los grupos control y experimentales. Este procedimiento se repitió por 5 días. Se tomó pruebas de transaminasas (TGP basal y final en sangre. Se utilizó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis para analizar la data y un p<0.05 fue considerado significante. Se estudió la anatomopatología de los hígados y se tomaron muestras de tejido teñidas con HE. Resultados: Existe diferencia significativa en los niveles de transaminasas (TGP entre grupos (p<0.05. El control obtuvo 196.6 U/L +- 38.1 (TGP mientras que los experimentales como máximo 55.6 U/l. Las muestras control evidencian signos de lesión hepática, degeneración grasa, congestión sinusoidal y centrolobulillar, y necrosis celular. Sin embargo los grupos experimentales no presentan signos de lesión celular y hay ausencia de inflamación. Conclusiones: El boldo tiene un efecto protector hepático al daño inducido por paracetamol en ratas Holtzmann.

Recubrimientos protectores de TiN y AIN: comportamiento frente a temperatura

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Auger, M. A.

2006-04-01

Full Text Available The use of ceramic materials like titanium and aluminium nitrides have experienced a great improvement in the last years due to the variety of applications they show. The use as protective coatings on industrial tools is one important application with very favorable results for the moment, as it is the use as coating molds used for different elements fabrication. One of the mostly often used techniques to deposit protective coatings is the sputtering technique, which has been used in this work. In the present study we have analysed structural and mechanical properties of TiN and AlN thin films, using X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nanoindentation and pin-on-disk techniques. Thermal treatments have been applied on the mentioned films, applying three different temperature values: 750oC, 850oC y 950oC. Changes in their properties before and after the treatments have been observed. TiN layers show a thermal resistance around 750oC. The thermal resistance for AlN layers is around 850oC, being also observed an improvement in their properties when applying 850ºC of thermal treatment.

La utilización de materiales cerámicos como el nitruro de titanio o de aluminio ha experimentado una gran popularización en los últimos años gracias a su gran variedad de aplicaciones. Una importante aplicación que cuenta hasta el momento con resultados muy favorables es la de su uso como recubrimientos protectores de herramientas industriales, así como de moldes empleados en la fabricación de diferentes elementos. Una de las técnicas más utilizadas en la obtención de recubrimientos protectores es la técnica de sputtering, utilizada en este trabajo. En el presente estudio se han analizado las propiedades estructurales y mecánicas de láminas delgadas de TiN y AlN mediante las técnicas de difracción de rayos X, microscopía electrónica de barrido, nanoindentación y pin-on-disk. Dichas capas han sido sometidas a un tratamiento t

Los grupos de socialización como factor protector contra la depresión en personas ancianas: Baranquilla, Colombia

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Tuesca-Molina Rafael

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Fundamento: La depresión en personas ancianas es un problema de salud pública dada su prevalencia y comorbilidad. Los objetivos de este trabajo son determinar el papel de los grupos de socialización como factor protector para depresión; determinar otros factores socioculturales asociados; estimar la prevalencia y determinar la concordancia de las pruebas de cribado para depresión - criterios de la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría y el test de Hamilton. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 602 personas ancianas de entre 60 y 94 años (223 varones y 379 mujeres, muestra representativa para la población residente del sur-occidente de Barranquilla, Colombia. Previo consentimiento, se aplicó una encuesta de administración directa. Se estudiaron las variables demográficas, socioeconómicas, limitación física, enfermedades degenerativas, disfunción familiar y dos tests de depresión para determinar la concordancia. Se realizó análisis bivariado entre la depresión y la pertinencia a grupos de socialización al igual que la depresión y otras variables. Se determinó análisis de cribado e índice de Kappa para la concordancia de pruebas. Resultados: La participación en grupos de socialización fue un factor protector de presentar depresión. (OR: 0,5, IC 95%: 0,34-0,73. La prevalencia de depresión fue de 29,9% (IC95%: 21,4%-39,4%, siendo en los varones 32,7%. La concordancia con el test de Kappa fue 0,63. (moderada a buena La sensibilidad fue del 56,1%, (48,5% a 63,4%; la especificidad de 99,3%, (IC95%: 97,8%-99,8% y el valor predictivo positivo del 97,1% ( IC95%: 97,2%-99,3%. Conclusiones: Esta investigación determina factores de riesgo para padecer depresión en ancianos potencialmente modificables. La participación en grupos de socialización es un factor protector. La disfunción familiar de tipo moderado y severo, las limitaciones sensoriales como ceguera y sordera, la soledad, ausencia de vivienda y bajos

FACTORES PROTECTORES QUE PROMUEVEN LA RESILIENCIA ANTE EL SUICIDIO EN ADOLESCENTES Y JÓVENES

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David Sánchez-Teruel

2014-09-01

Full Text Available El suicidio en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes se ha convertido en una prioridad educativa y de sanitaria pública. Se presentan distintas cuestiones conceptuales sobre el suicidio, y se plantean los factores de protección que están relacionados con el comportamiento suicida en esta población. Se ofrece una visión basada en la revisión de estudios sobre los aspectos resilientes que poseen y que deben ser potenciados para eliminar el impacto negativo de las situaciones adversas a las que se exponen. Además, se desarrollan pautas para el fomento de la resiliencia, que se han demostrado eficaces para la lucha contra la tentativa de suicidio y el suicidio consumado en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes, configurando un perfil con todos aquellos aspectos protectores a tener muy en cuenta para un análisis exhaustivo, dentro de la calidad de vida y bienestar emocional en este colectivo.

Symphony orchestra musicians′ use of hearing protection and attenuation of custom-made hearing protectors as measured with two different real-ear attenuation at threshold methods

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K H Huttunen

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Despite a high level of sound exposure and a fairly large selection of earplugs available, musicians have often been reported to use personal hearing protectors only seldom. For better hearing conservation, it is important to identify and eliminate the causes for the low motivation to use hearing protection. We explored the usage rate of custom-molded musician′s earplugs (ER-15 among 15 symphony orchestra musicians with a questionnaire, and measured the attenuation properties of their earplugs with a Real-Ear Attenuation at Threshold (REAT procedure in a sound field. Earplug use was found to be low, and the musicians reported that earplugs hampered listening to their own and their colleagues′ playing; earplugs affected either timbre or dynamics, or both. Additionally, several reasons related to discomfort of use were itemized, but the musicians who consistently used their earplugs did so in spite of problems with use. The REAT values obtained in sound field were relatively close to the manufacturer′s nominal specifications, being 13.7 dB, on average. In the frequency range studied (0.125-8 kHz, individual variation in REAT was, however, up to 15 dB across the measured frequencies. Fluctuation in attenuation might be related to low use of hearing protectors, and REAT measured at fixed center frequencies may be too robust a method to uncover it. We therefore tested 10 additional subjects to find out whether a sweeping signal used in Bιkιsy audiometry would bring more detailed information on earplug attenuation. Mean attenuation was found to be somewhat closer to the nominal attenuation of the ER-9 and ER-15 earplugs up to about 1 kHz, whereas REAT measurements in sound field revealed more even attenuation at frequencies between 1 and 6 kHz. No significant association was found between earplug attenuation properties and earplug use. It was concluded that support and determination to get accustomed to hearing protector use are important

Presión e intereses en torno al cargo de protector general de indios del Nuevo Reino de León: el caso de Nicolás de Villalobos, 1714-1734

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baeza Martín, Ascensión

2010-06-01

Full Text Available The pernicious transformation undergone by the system of use of the indigenous workpeople in the Nuevo Reino de Leon, characterized by the ravages and slavery to the Indians in the encomiendas or congregas, provoked their rebelliousness. The frequent assaults to the Spanish colonists and their properties, as well as the expeditions and punishments of these against the natives reflected the hard conditions of life in that province of the northeast of the Viceroyalty of Nueva España and the constant been military of the same one. With the substantial changes implanted from the viceregal government by means of the shipment in 1714 of the commissioner Francisco de Barbadillo Victoria and the creation by this one of the employment of General Indians Protector in that earth, one was to restrain this uncontrollable situation. The difficulty of which the figure of the protector, so necessary in the first times of the reforms, held fast, would let see the partisanship, passions and interests of the authorities and the diverse social sectors of that border region.

La perniciosa transformación sufrida por el sistema de utilización de la mano de obra indígena en el Nuevo Reino de León, caracterizado por los estragos y esclavitud a los indios en las encomiendas o congregas, provocaban su rebeldía. Los frecuentes asaltos a los colonos españoles y sus propiedades, así como las expediciones y castigos de estos contra los aborígenes reflejaban las duras condiciones de vida en esa provincia del nordeste del Virreinato de Nueva España y el constante estado de guerra de la misma. Con los substanciales cambios implantados desde el gobierno virreinal mediante el envío en 1714 del comisionado Francisco de Barbadillo Victoria y la creación por éste del cargo de protector general de indios en esa tierra, se trató de frenar esta incontrolable situación. La dificultad de que se afianzara la figura del protector, tan necesaria en los primeros tiempos

The transverse colon cancer with the reversed rotation of the midgut treated with single incision laparoscopic colectomy.

Science.gov (United States)

Hirano, Yasumitsu; Hattori, Masakazu; Fujita, Manami; Nishida, Youji; Douden, Kenji; Hashizume, Yasuo

2013-06-01

Reversed rotation of the midgut is a rare type of intestinal malrotation. Moreover, synchronous colon cancer has rarely been reported. Preliminary experience with single-incision laparoscopic colectomy (SILC) for colon cancer with reversed rotation of the midgut is reported. An 82-year-old woman was admitted because of a fecal occult blood. A colonoscopy revealed transverse colon cancer. An air-barium contrast enema showed the right-sided sigmoid colon and the left-sided cecum. A computed tomography revealed that the duodenum and the transverse colon were situated at the ventral side of the superior mesenteric artery, and a preoperative diagnosis of suspicion of reversed rotation of the midgut was made. First, a lap protector was inserted through a 4.0 cm transumbilical incision. Four 5 mm ports were placed in the lap protector. On the observation of laparoscopy, the cecum and the ascending colon were not fixed with the retroperitoneum and situated on the left, and the sigmoid colon was situated on the right. We successfully mobilized the transverse colon using a single-incision laparoscopic approach. Resection was achieved following extracorporealization, and the anastomosis was performed extracorporeally using staplers. The patient was discharged on the thirteenth postoperative day. Postoperative follow-up did not reveal any umbilical wound complications. SILC for colon cancer associated with malrotation of the midgut is feasible and a promising alternative method because of its less invasiveness and its adaptability to the malrotation without extending the skin incision.

Evaluation of comfort in bedridden older adults using an air-cell mattress with an automated turning function: measurement of parasympathetic activity during night sleep.

Science.gov (United States)

Futamura, Megumi; Sugama, Junko; Okuwa, Mayumi; Sanada, Hiromi; Tabata, Keiko

2008-12-01

This study objectively evaluated the degree of comfort in bedridden older adults using an air-cell mattress with an automated turning mechanism. The sample included 10 bedridden women with verbal communication difficulties. The high frequency (HF) components of heart rate variability, which reflect parasympathetic nervous activity, were compared for the manual and automated turning periods. No significant differences in the HF component were observed in 5 of the participants. Significant increases in the HF component associated with automated turning were observed in 3 participants; however, the two participants with the lowest body mass index values exhibited a significant reduction in the HF component during the automated turning period. The results revealed that comfort might not be disturbed during the automated turning period.

Acute pulmonary toxicity following occupational exposure to a floor stain protector in the building industry in Switzerland.

Science.gov (United States)

Lazor-Blanchet, Catherine; Rusca, Sophie; Vernez, David; Berry, Raymond; Albrecht, Eric; Droz, Pierre-Olivier; Boillat, Marcel-André

2004-05-01

Waterproofing agents are widely applied to leather and textile garments; they are also used as floor stain protectors by professionals. Acute respiratory injury is described in three cases of young healthy adults following occupational inhalation of a new waterproofing formulation containing an acrylate fluoropolymer. Within 1 or 2 h after exposure they developed a rapidly progressive dyspnoea; two of them had hypoxaemia and flu-like reactions. All patients improved with supportive treatment in a few days. The mechanism of toxicity is still under investigation, but experimental data suggest the role of this new acrylate fluoropolymer. Tilers should be warned against spraying floor stain repellents; there is also a need to make consumers aware that the spraying of waterproofing agents in a closed environment and concomitant smoking should be avoided.

Utilización de protectores superficiales para la conservación de la piedra: situación actual en España

OpenAIRE

Esbert, R. M.

1993-01-01

En este artículo se hace una revisión sobre el estado actual en España, de los trabajos e investigaciones referidas a la utilización de protectores superficiales para la conservación de la piedra. Se hace referencia a los parámetros y ensayos de durabilidad más frecuentemente utilizados, en el laboratorio, para predecir la idoneidad de los diferentes tratamientos. También se resalta la importancia que sobre la durabilidad de la piedra tienen los cambios infringidos por el tratamiento en...

An Anatomic and Biomechanical Comparison of Bankart Repair Configurations.

Science.gov (United States)

Judson, Christopher H; Voss, Andreas; Obopilwe, Elifho; Dyrna, Felix; Arciero, Robert A; Shea, Kevin P

2017-11-01

Suture anchor repair for anterior shoulder instability can be performed using a number of different repair techniques, but none has been proven superior in terms of anatomic and biomechanical properties. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the anatomic footprint coverage and biomechanical characteristics of 4 different Bankart repair techniques: (1) single row with simple sutures, (2) single row with horizontal mattress sutures, (3) double row with sutures, and (4) double row with labral tape. The hypotheses were as follows: (1) double-row techniques would improve the footprint coverage and biomechanical properties compared with single-row techniques, (2) horizontal mattress sutures would increase the footprint coverage compared with simple sutures, and (3) repair techniques with labral tape and sutures would not show different biomechanical properties. Controlled laboratory study. Twenty-four fresh-frozen cadaveric specimens were dissected. The native labrum was removed and the footprint marked and measured. Repair for each of the 4 groups was performed, and the uncovered footprint was measured using a 3-dimensional digitizer. The strength of the repair sites was assessed using a servohydraulic testing machine and a digital video system to record load to failure, cyclic displacement, and stiffness. The double-row repair techniques with sutures and labral tape covered 73.4% and 77.0% of the footprint, respectively. These percentages were significantly higher than the footprint coverage achieved by single-row repair techniques using simple sutures (38.1%) and horizontal mattress sutures (32.8%) ( P row and double-row groups or between the simple suture and horizontal mattress suture techniques. Likewise, there was no difference in the biomechanical properties of the double-row repair techniques with sutures versus labral tape. Double-row repair techniques provided better coverage of the native footprint of the labrum but did not provide superior

Understanding speech when wearing communication headsets and hearing protectors with subband processing.

Science.gov (United States)

Brammer, Anthony J; Yu, Gongqiang; Bernstein, Eric R; Cherniack, Martin G; Peterson, Donald R; Tufts, Jennifer B

2014-08-01

An adaptive, delayless, subband feed-forward control structure is employed to improve the speech signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the communication channel of a circumaural headset/hearing protector (HPD) from 90 Hz to 11.3 kHz, and to provide active noise control (ANC) from 50 to 800 Hz to complement the passive attenuation of the HPD. The task involves optimizing the speech SNR for each communication channel subband, subject to limiting the maximum sound level at the ear, maintaining a speech SNR preferred by users, and reducing large inter-band gain differences to improve speech quality. The performance of a proof-of-concept device has been evaluated in a pseudo-diffuse sound field when worn by human subjects under conditions of environmental noise and speech that do not pose a risk to hearing, and by simulation for other conditions. For the environmental noises employed in this study, subband speech SNR control combined with subband ANC produced greater improvement in word scores than subband ANC alone, and improved the consistency of word scores across subjects. The simulation employed a subject-specific linear model, and predicted that word scores are maintained in excess of 90% for sound levels outside the HPD of up to ∼115 dBA.

FACTORES PROTECTORES DE LA SALUD MENTAL: UN ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO SOBRE VALORES, AUTOESTIMA E INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN POBLACIÓN CLÍNICA Y POBLACIÓN GENERAL

OpenAIRE

VANESA C. GÓNGORA; MARÍA MARTINA CASULLO

2009-01-01

El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue realizar un estudio comparativo de tres factores protectores de la salud mental: inteligencia emocional, valores y autoestima entre 60 pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos de ansiedad y/o depresión y 60 sujetos de población normal. Así la muestra total quedó conformada por 120 sujetos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la Escala de Valores de Schwartz (1992), la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional Bar-On (1997), la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg...

16 CFR 1632.2 - Purpose, scope, and applicability.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... resistance of a mattress prototype or a mattress pad prototype. Use of the tests in §§ 1632.6 and 1632.7 is... prototype designs of mattresses and mattress pads before the sale in commerce or the introduction in... of a mattress prototype or a mattress pad prototype. (b) Scope. (1) All mattresses, as defined in...

Antero-posterior (AP) pelvis x-ray imaging on a trolley: Impact of trolley design, mattress design and radiographer practice on image quality and radiation dose

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tugwell, J.R.; England, A.; Hogg, P.

2017-01-01

Introduction: Physical and technical differences exist between imaging on an x-ray tabletop and imaging on a trolley. This study evaluates how trolley imaging impacts image quality and radiation dose for an antero-posterior (AP) pelvis projection whilst subsequently exploring means of optimising this imaging examination. Methods: An anthropomorphic pelvis phantom was imaged on a commercially available trolley under various conditions. Variables explored included two mattresses, two image receptor holder positions, three source to image distances (SIDs) and four mAs values. Image quality was evaluated using relative visual grading analysis with the reference image acquired on the x-ray tabletop. Contrast to noise ratio (CNR) was calculated. Effective dose was established using Monte Carlo simulation. Optimisation scores were derived as a figure of merit by dividing effective dose with visual image quality scores. Results: Visual image quality reduced significantly (p < 0.05) whilst effective dose increased significantly (p < 0.05) for images acquired on the trolley using identical acquisition parameters to the reference image. The trolley image with the highest optimisation score was acquired using 130 cm SID, 20 mAs, the standard mattress and platform not elevated. A difference of 12.8 mm was found between the image with the lowest and highest magnification factor (18%). Conclusion: The acquisition parameters used for AP pelvis on the x-ray tabletop are not transferable to trolley imaging and should be modified accordingly to compensate for the differences that exist. Exposure charts should be developed for trolley imaging to ensure optimal image quality at lowest possible dose. - Highlights: • Acquisition parameters used for AP pelvis imaging on a trolley need adapting from those used on the x-ray tabletop. • Radiation dose significantly increases for trolley imaging. • An increase in SID can reduce radiation dose and magnification for trolley imaging

Avar Embassies to Byzantium according to Menander Protector (annotated translation of the source’s fragments

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Olesya Zhdanovich

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Research objective: to provide the comments and translation of some fragments of Byzantine’s historian Menander Protector, which described the embassies from the Avars’ to Byzantine Empire. To analyze the Romans representation of the Avars as well as to define some factors that shaped these concepts. Research materials: Menander was one of the first early-medieval historian who described the appearance of the Avars in the European territories, their relations with the other peoples of the Dnieper, Black Sea and the Danube regions as well as diplomatic relations with Byzantine Empire. From Menander’s evidence we can get information about the Avars who posed a serious threat to the Empire. Research results and novelty: This publication allows to looking at the nomads from the Romans’ point of view, discovering subjective sides of this representation, which were caused by incomprehension of foreign culture and specific diplomacy. The fragments of Menander’s work are important to further research of the Byzantine Empire’s history, of the Avars and inter-civilization relation in the early Middle Ages.

Factores familiares protectores y de riesgo relacionados al consumo de drogas en adolescentes

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Patricia Cid-Monckton

Full Text Available Se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, cuyo objetivo fue verificar los factores familiares protectores y de riesgo relacionados al consumo de drogas en adolescentes, considerando los patrones de interacción que se desarrollan en la familia, sus grados de adaptabilidad y vulnerabilidad. Participaron del estudio 80 adolescentes de género femenino, del 1º al 4º año de la Enseñanza Media, que respondieron a un cuestionario. Se establecieron los factores de riesgo y protección de mayor relevancia que estarían influyendo en esta situación, tales como, patrones de interacción, grado de adaptabilidad, modo de afrontamiento de los problemas, recursos de la familia y valores. Los factores de mayor riesgo fueron el modo de enfrentar los problemas, y dentro de estos, la falta de apoyo religioso y la búsqueda de apoyo profesional, conjuntamente con las dificultades de comunicación intrafamiliares. Los de menor riesgo fueron los valores, como el esfuerzo personal. Los resultados obtenidos resaltan que el enfermero debe asumir como parte de su rol las intervenciones psicosociales, especialmente en la población escolar, ya que así estarían actuando como agentes de prevención del consumo de drogas.

Presence of Breeding Birds Improves Body Condition for a Crocodilian Nest Protector.

Science.gov (United States)

Nell, Lucas A; Frederick, Peter C; Mazzotti, Frank J; Vliet, Kent A; Brandt, Laura A

2016-01-01

Ecological associations where one species enhances habitat for another nearby species (facilitations) shape fundamental community dynamics and can promote niche expansion, thereby influencing how and where species persist and coexist. For the many breeding birds facing high nest-predation pressure, enemy-free space can be gained by nesting near more formidable animals for physical protection. While the benefits to protected species seem well documented, very few studies have explored whether and how protector species are affected by nest protection associations. Long-legged wading birds (Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes) actively choose nesting sites above resident American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), apparently to take advantage of the protection from mammalian nest predators that alligator presence offers. Previous research has shown that wading bird nesting colonies could provide substantial food for alligators in the form of dropped chicks. We compared alligator body condition in similar habitat with and without wading bird nesting colonies present. Alligator morphometric body condition indices were significantly higher in colony than in non-colony locations, an effect that was statistically independent of a range of environmental variables. Since colonially nesting birds and crocodilians co-occur in many tropical and subtropical wetlands, our results highlight a potentially widespread keystone process between two ecologically important species-groups. These findings suggest the interaction is highly beneficial for both groups of actors, and illustrate how selective pressures may have acted to form and reinforce a strongly positive ecological interaction.

Presence of Breeding Birds Improves Body Condition for a Crocodilian Nest Protector

Science.gov (United States)

Nell, Lucas A.; Frederick, Peter C.; Mazzotti, Frank J.; Vliet, Kent A.; Brandt, Laura A.

2016-01-01

Ecological associations where one species enhances habitat for another nearby species (facilitations) shape fundamental community dynamics and can promote niche expansion, thereby influencing how and where species persist and coexist. For the many breeding birds facing high nest-predation pressure, enemy-free space can be gained by nesting near more formidable animals for physical protection. While the benefits to protected species seem well documented, very few studies have explored whether and how protector species are affected by nest protection associations. Long-legged wading birds (Pelecaniformes and Ciconiiformes) actively choose nesting sites above resident American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), apparently to take advantage of the protection from mammalian nest predators that alligator presence offers. Previous research has shown that wading bird nesting colonies could provide substantial food for alligators in the form of dropped chicks. We compared alligator body condition in similar habitat with and without wading bird nesting colonies present. Alligator morphometric body condition indices were significantly higher in colony than in non-colony locations, an effect that was statistically independent of a range of environmental variables. Since colonially nesting birds and crocodilians co-occur in many tropical and subtropical wetlands, our results highlight a potentially widespread keystone process between two ecologically important species-groups. These findings suggest the interaction is highly beneficial for both groups of actors, and illustrate how selective pressures may have acted to form and reinforce a strongly positive ecological interaction. PMID:26934602

The "Parachute" Technique: A Simple and Effective Single-Row Procedure to Achieve an Increased Contact Area Between the Cuff-Tendon and Its Footprint.

Science.gov (United States)

Natera, Luis; Consigliere, Paolo; Witney-Lagen, Caroline; Brugera, Juan; Sforza, Giuseppe; Atoun, Ehud; Levy, Ofer

2017-10-01

Many techniques of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair have been described. No significant differences in clinical outcomes or rerupture rates have been observed when comparing single-row with double-row methods. Not all single- and double-row repairs are the same. The details of the technique used are crucial. It has been shown that the suture-tendon interface is the weakest point of the reconstruction. Therefore, the biomechanical properties of rotator cuff repairs might be influenced more by the suture configuration than by the number of anchors or by the number of rows involved. Techniques that secure less amount of tendon over a smaller area of the healing zone might be expected to have higher failure rates. The way the sutures of the "parachute technique" are configured represents a quadruple mattress that increases the contact and pressure between the tendon and its footprint and increases the primary load to failure of the repair. We present a simple and effective single-row technique that involves the biomechanical and biological advantages related to the increased contact area and pressure between the cuff and its footprint.

The protector role of Mn2+ in Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to 60Co gamma radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galvao, Izabela; Leal, Alexandre Soares; Neves, Maria Jose

2009-01-01

The radiation is present on all over the world and can be classified, according to the effect that produces on matter, as non-ionizing and ionizing. The ionizing radiations transfer a sufficient amount of energy to the molecule and charged atoms called ions can be formatted. The biological organisms have approximately 70% of water and when submit to the incident radiation occur the radiolysis of water. Water radiolysis produces highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) known as free radicals. The ROS can interact with all important biomolecules like lipid, protein and DNA. This interaction can cause the loss of functions of theses molecules and thus lead to cell death. The manganese is a heavy metal that at low concentrations is essential for the biological system, since it is cofactor for action of several enzymes. At high concentrations the manganese is toxic to the organisms. Recently was observed that manganese can have a protector role against oxidative stress. In this work, it was studied the anti-oxidant role of manganese in cells submitted to gamma irradiation. It was performed the determination of two oxidative stress indicators: lipid peroxidation and determination of thiol group, the results presented suggest that the manganese had protective role against lipid damage and in this way, has an antioxidant role. (author)

Development of gonad protectors to be used in children radiology from recycled materials; Desenvolvimento de protetores de gonadas para uso em radiologia pediatrica a partir de materiais reciclados

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sousa, C.H.S.; Teixeira, G.J.; Peixoto, J.G.P., E-mail: chenrique@ird.gov.br [Instituto de Radioprotecao e Dosimetria, (IRD/CNEN-RJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Menezes, I.V.; Medeiros, D.O.; Nunes, M.M.; Pinheiro, R.A.; Bernardes, P.M.B. [Hospital Copa D' Or, Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil); Oliveira, D. [Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Rio de Janeiro, RJ (Brazil)

2014-07-01

The use of medical radiology as a diagnostic tool has become a common practice and its benefits are undeniable, however, the radiological protection of patients has become a constant concern of the international community. Since children have a longer life expectancy, the risks of stochastic effects increase significantly. Thus, this study developed and designed gonads protectors, taking into account the anatomy, dimensions and ages of pediatric patients, reducing exposure to the primary beam by 94%. Furthermore, as a result of a secondary objective,success was obtained in reusing discarded as defective aprons. (author)

16 CFR 1632.1 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... resilient material used alone or in combination with other products intended or promoted for sleeping upon... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FLAMMABLE FABRICS ACT REGULATIONS STANDARD FOR THE... mattresses, day bed mattresses, roll-a-way bed mattresses, high risers, and trundle bed mattresses. See...

The effects of radioprotective agents on the radiation-induced DNA single strand breaks

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rhiu, Sung Ryul; Ko, Kyung Hwan; Jung, In Yong; Cho, Chul Ku; Kim, Tae Hwan; Park, Woo Wiun; Kim, Sung Ho; Ji, Young Hoon; Kim, Kyung Jung; Bang, Hio Chang; Jung, Young Suk; Choi, Moon Sik

1992-04-01

With the increased use of atomic energy in science, industry, medicine and public power production, the probability of nuclear accidents certainly appears to be on the increase. Therefore, early medical diagnosis and first-aid are needed urgently to establish an efficient treatment. We carried out the studies of radiation protector such as DDC, MEA, WR-2721 and variety of decontaminator with a view to establishing the protective measure and diagnostic standards for safety of worker and neighbors living around the radiation area in case of occurring the accidental contamination. In this experiment, we examined radiation-induced DNA single strand breaks as one of the study on molecular biology of the response of cells to radiation because an understanding of the radiation-induced damage in molecular level would add to our knowledge of radiation protection and treatment. (Author)

Double-Row Capsulolabral Repair Increases Load to Failure and Decreases Excessive Motion.

Science.gov (United States)

McDonald, Lucas S; Thompson, Matthew; Altchek, David W; McGarry, Michelle H; Lee, Thay Q; Rocchi, Vanna J; Dines, Joshua S

2016-11-01

Using a cadaver shoulder instability model and load-testing device, we compared biomechanical characteristics of double-row and single-row capsulolabral repairs. We hypothesized a greater reduction in glenohumeral motion and translation and a higher load to failure in a mattress double-row capsulolabral repair than in a single-row repair. In 6 matched pairs of cadaveric shoulders, a capsulolabral injury was created. One shoulder was repaired with a single-row technique, and the other with a double-row mattress technique. Rotational range of motion, anterior-inferior translation, and humeral head kinematics were measured. Load-to-failure testing measured stiffness, yield load, deformation at yield load, energy absorbed at yield load, load to failure, deformation at ultimate load, and energy absorbed at ultimate load. Double-row repair significantly decreased external rotation and total range of motion compared with single-row repair. Both repairs decreased anterior-inferior translation compared with the capsulolabral-injured condition, however, no differences existed between repair types. Yield load in the single-row group was 171.3 ± 110.1 N, and in the double-row group it was 216.1 ± 83.1 N (P = .02). Ultimate load to failure in the single-row group was 224.5 ± 121.0 N, and in the double-row group it was 373.9 ± 172.0 N (P = .05). Energy absorbed at ultimate load in the single-row group was 1,745.4 ± 1,462.9 N-mm, and in the double-row group it was 4,649.8 ± 1,930.8 N-mm (P = .02). In cases of capsulolabral disruption, double-row repair techniques may result in decreased shoulder rotational range of motion and improved load-to-failure characteristics. In cases of capsulolabral disruption, repair techniques with double-row mattress repair may provide more secure fixation. Double-row capsulolabral repair decreases shoulder motion and increases load to failure, yield load, and energy absorbed at yield load more than single-row repair. Published by

Advances in radioprotection through the use of combined agent regimens

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Weiss, J F; Kumar, K S; Walden, T L; Neta, R; Landauer, M R; Clark, E P [Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Inst., Bethesda, MD (USA)

1990-04-01

Improved radioprotection and reduced lethal toxicity of the phosphorothioate WR 2721 was observed after administration with metals (selenium, zinc or copper). A number of receptor-mediated protectors and other biological compounds, including endotoxin, eicosanoids and cytokines, have at least an additive effect when administered with thiol protectors. Eicosanoids and other bioactive lipids must be administered before exposure, whereas some immunomodulators have activity when administered either before or after exposure, e.g. interleukin administered simultaneously with WR 2721 before or after irradiation enhances the efficacy of WR 2721. The most effective single or combinations of protectors result in a decrement in locomotor activity (index of behavioural toxicity). Recent evidence indicates that caffeine mitigates toxicity of an effective dose of phosphorothioate WR 3689 without altering its efficacy. (UK).

Better backs by better beds?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bergholdt, Kim; Fabricius, Rasmus N; Bendix, Tom

2008-01-01

mattresses have a positive effect on LBP, and especially a hard mattress is commonly believed to have a positive effect. METHODS: One hundred sixty CLBP patients were randomized to 1 of 3 groups, having a mattress/bed mounted in their sleeping room for 1 month. The beds were: (1) waterbed (Akva), (2) body......-conforming foam mattress (Tempur), and (3) a hard mattress (Innovation Futon). At baseline and after 4 weeks, a blinded observer interviewed the patients on LBP levels (0-10), daily function (activities of daily living, 0-30), and on the amount of sleeping hours/night. RESULTS: Because of dropout of 19 patients...... using the probably most relevant "worst case" data. There were no relevant difference between the effects of the water bed and the foam bed. CONCLUSION: The Waterbed and foam mattress' did influence back symptoms, function and sleep more positively as apposed to the hard mattress, but the differences...

Tropical Journal of Health Sciences - Vol 22, No 1 (2015)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Diagnosis And Outcome Of Chronic Subdural Haematomas In Ilorin · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. AS Yusuf, IO Oyinloye, NA Adeleke, JO Bello, MF Adeyemi, TO Odebode, 14-17. A modified Single-track Mattress Suture Technique For Skin Closure.

Programa para fortalecer factores protectores que limitan el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes de educación media

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esparza Almanza Santiaga Enriqueta

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Los programas dirigidos a adolescentes indican que las intervenciones más efectivas para prevenir el consumo de tabaco y alcohol incluyen entrenamiento en habilidades sociales. En el presente estudio se desarrolló una intervención educativa encaminada a fortalecer los factores protectores autoestima y asertividad, aplicando canales de prevención primaria. El Modelo de Etapas Motivacionales de Componentes Múltiples y la Teoría del Aprendizaje Social brindan sustento teórico al presente estudio. Se realizaron dos mediciones, antes, y después de haber concluido la intervención. Resultados: se encontró un incremento de autoestima de Me=63.14 en la primer medición a Me=84.38 al finalizar la intervención. El nivel de asertividad se incrementó significativamente de Me=60.09 a 81.26 al finalizar la intervención en el grupo experimental (p<.001. Las medias de autoestima y asertividad fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo experimental que en el grupo control (p<.001.

Factores de riesgo y protectores en el suicidio: un estudio de casos y controles mediante la autopsia psicológica

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José M. Antón-San-Martín

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Las tasas, los métodos y algunos de los factores de riesgo en el suicidio parecen depender de las diferencias geográficas y culturales, lo que implica la elaboración de estudios en zonas específicas de alto riesgo cara a la implementación de estrategias preventivas. Este estudio busca determinar los factores de riesgo y protectores en el suicidio en la Comarca de Antequera-Málaga (España. Se realiza en un estudio de caso y controles mediante la autopsia psicológica con 40 casos de suicidio y 80 controles poblacionales emparejados en género, edad y zona de residencia. El modelo multivariante hallado está compuesto por los siguientes factores: el presentar antecedentes familiares de suicidio y agregación de desordenes mentales en la familia, un diagnóstico de trastorno de la personalidad y conflictos familiares en el mes previo al suicidio. Estos factores permiten discriminar poblaciones de riesgo cara a la implementación de programas preventivos.

Programa para fortalecer factores protectores que limitan el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes de educación media

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Santiaga Enriqueta Esparza Almanza

Full Text Available Los programas dirigidos a adolescentes indican que las intervenciones más efectivas para prevenir el consumo de tabaco y alcohol incluyen entrenamiento en habilidades sociales. En el presente estudio se desarrolló una intervención educativa encaminada a fortalecer los factores protectores autoestima y asertividad, aplicando canales de prevención primaria. El Modelo de Etapas Motivacionales de Componentes Múltiples y la Teoría del Aprendizaje Social brindan sustento teórico al presente estudio. Se realizaron dos mediciones, antes, y después de haber concluido la intervención. Resultados: se encontró un incremento de autoestima de Me=63.14 en la primer medición a Me=84.38 al finalizar la intervención. El nivel de asertividad se incrementó significativamente de Me=60.09 a 81.26 al finalizar la intervención en el grupo experimental (p<.001. Las medias de autoestima y asertividad fueron significativamente mayores en el grupo experimental que en el grupo control (p<.001.

Biomechanical comparison of four double-row speed-bridging rotator cuff repair techniques with or without medial or lateral row enhancement.

Science.gov (United States)

Pauly, Stephan; Fiebig, David; Kieser, Bettina; Albrecht, Bjoern; Schill, Alexander; Scheibel, Markus

2011-12-01

Biomechanical comparison of four different Speed-Bridge configurations with or without medial or lateral row reinforcement. Reinforcement of the knotless Speed-Bridge double-row repair technique with additional medial mattress- or lateral single-stitches was hypothesized to improve biomechanical repair stability at time zero. Controlled laboratory study: In 36 porcine fresh-frozen shoulders, the infraspinatus tendons were dissected and shoulders were randomized to four groups: (1) Speed-Bridge technique with single tendon perforation per anchor (STP); (2) Speed-Bridge technique with double tendon perforation per anchor (DTP); (3) Speed-Bridge technique with medial mattress-stitch reinforcement (MMS); (4) Speed-Bridge technique with lateral single-stitch reinforcement (LSS). All repairs were cyclically loaded from 10-60 N up to 10-200 N (20 N stepwise increase) using a material testing device. Forces at 3 and 5 mm gap formation, mode of failure and maximum load to failure were recorded. The MMS-technique with double tendon perforation showed significantly higher ultimate tensile strength (338.9 ± 90.0 N) than DTP (228.3 ± 99.9 N), LSS (188.9 ± 62.5 N) and STP-technique (122.2 ± 33.8 N). Furthermore, the MMS-technique provided increased maximal force resistance until 3 and 5 mm gap formation (3 mm: 77.8 ± 18.6 N; 5 mm: 113.3 ± 36.1 N) compared with LSS, DTP and STP (P row defect by tendon sawing first, then laterally. No anchor pullout occurred. Double tendon perforation per anchor and additional medial mattress stitches significantly enhance biomechanical construct stability at time zero in this ex vivo model when compared with the all-knotless Speed-Bridge rotator cuff repair.

Factors affecting stall use for different freestall bases.

Science.gov (United States)

Wagner-Storch, A M; Palmer, R W; Kammel, D W

2003-06-01

The objective of this study was to compare stall use (stall occupancy and cow position) by barn side for factors affecting stall use. A closed circuit television system recorded stall use four times per day for a 9-mo period starting May 9, 2001. Six factors were analyzed: stall base, distance to water, stall location within stall base section, stall location within barn, inside barn temperature, and length of time cows were exposed to stall bases. Two barn sides with different stocking densities were analyzed: low (66%), with cows milked by robotic milker; and high (100%), with cows milked 2X in parlor. Six stall base types were tested: two mattresses, a waterbed, a rubber mat, concrete, and sand (high side only). The base types were grouped 3 to 7 stalls/section and randomly placed in each row. Cows spent more time in mattress-based stalls, but the highest percentage lying was in sand-based stalls. The following significant stall occupancy percentages were found: sand had the highest percentage of cows lying on the high stocking density side (69%), followed by mattress type 1 (65%) > mattress type 2 (57%) > waterbed (45%) > rubber mat (33%) > concrete (23%). Mattress type 1 had the highest percentage stalls occupied (88%), followed by mattress type 2 (84%) > sand (79%) > soft rubber mat (65%) > waterbed (62%) > concrete (39%). On the low stocking rate side, mattress type 1 had the highest percentage cows lying (45%) and occupied (59.6%), followed by mattress type 2 > waterbed > soft rubber mat > concrete. Cow lying and stalls occupied percentages were highest for stalls 1) not at the end of a section, and 2) on the outside row, and varied by base type for time cows exposed to stalls and inside barn temperature. Lying and occupied percentages were different for different mattress types. The percentage of stalls with cows standing was higher for mat and mattress-based stalls. Results show mattress type 1 and sand to be superior and rubber mats and concrete inferior

A remote monitor of bed patient cardiac vibration, respiration and movement.

Science.gov (United States)

Mukai, Koji; Yonezawa, Yoshiharu; Ogawa, Hidekuni; Maki, Hiromichi; Caldwell, W Morton

2009-01-01

We have developed a remote system for monitoring heart rate, respiration rate and movement behavior of at-home elderly people who are living alone. The system consists of a 40 kHz ultrasonic transmitter and receiver, linear integrated circuits, a low-power 8-bit single chip microcomputer and an Internet server computer. The 40 kHz ultrasonic transmitter and receiver are installed into a bed mattress. The transmitted signal diffuses into the bed mattress, and the amplitude of the received ultrasonic wave is modulated by the shape of the mattress and parameters such as respiration, cardiac vibration and movement. The modulated ultrasonic signal is received and demodulated by an envelope detection circuit. Low, high and band pass filters separate the respiration, cardiac vibration and movement signals, which are fed into the microcontroller and digitized at a sampling rate of 50 Hz by 8-bit A/D converters. The digitized data are sent to the server computer as a serial signal. This computer stores the data and also creates a graphic chart of the latest hour. The person's family or caregiver can download this chart via the Internet at any time.

Biomechanical and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of a single- and double-row rotator cuff repair in an in vivo sheep model.

Science.gov (United States)

Baums, Mike H; Spahn, Gunter; Buchhorn, Gottfried H; Schultz, Wolfgang; Hofmann, Lars; Klinger, Hans-Michael

2012-06-01

To investigate the biomechanical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived morphologic changes between single- and double-row rotator cuff repair at different time points after fixation. Eighteen mature female sheep were randomly assigned to either a single-row treatment group using arthroscopic Mason-Allen stitches or a double-row treatment group using a combination of arthroscopic Mason-Allen and mattress stitches. Each group was analyzed at 1 of 3 survival points (6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 26 weeks). We evaluated the integrity of the cuff repair using MRI and biomechanical properties using a mechanical testing machine. The mean load to failure was significantly higher in the double-row group compared with the single-row group at 6 and 12 weeks (P = .018 and P = .002, respectively). At 26 weeks, the differences were not statistically significant (P = .080). However, the double-row group achieved a mean load to failure similar to that of a healthy infraspinatus tendon, whereas the single-row group reached only 70% of the load of a healthy infraspinatus tendon. No significant morphologic differences were observed based on the MRI results. This study confirms that in an acute repair model, double-row repair may enhance the speed of mechanical recovery of the tendon-bone complex when compared with single-row repair in the early postoperative period. Double-row rotator cuff repair enables higher mechanical strength that is especially sustained during the early recovery period and may therefore improve clinical outcome. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The role of melanin as protector against free radicals in skin and its role as free radical indicator in hair

Science.gov (United States)

Herrling, Thomas; Jung, Katinka; Fuchs, Jürgen

2008-05-01

Throughout the body, melanin is a homogenous biological polymer containing a population of intrinsic, semiquinone-like radicals. Additional extrinsic free radicals are reversibly photo-generated by UV and visible light. Melanin photochemistry, particularly the formation and decay of extrinsic radicals, has been the subject of numerous electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy studies. Several melanin monomers exist, and the predominant monomer in a melanin polymer depends on its location within an organism. In skin and hair, melanin differs in content of eumelanin or pheomelanin. Its bioradical character and its susceptibility to UV irradiation makes melanin an excellent indicator for UV-related processes in both skin and hair. The existence of melanin in skin is strongly correlated with the prevention against free radicals/ROS generated by UV radiation. Especially in the skin melanin (mainly eumelanin) ensures the only natural UV protection by eliminating the generated free radicals/ROS. Melanin in hair can be used as a free radical detector for evaluating the efficacy of hair care products. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of melanin as protector of skin against UV generated free radicals and as free radical indicator in hair.

Step-wise integration of single-port laparoscopic surgery into routine colorectal surgical practice by use of a surgical glove port.

Science.gov (United States)

Hompes, R; Lindsey, I; Jones, O M; Guy, R; Cunningham, C; Mortensen, N J; Cahill, R A

2011-06-01

The cost associated with single-port laparoscopic access devices may limit utilisation of single-port laparoscopic surgery by colorectal surgeons. This paper describes a simple and cheap access modality that has facilitated the widespread adoption of single-port technology in our practice both as a stand-alone procedure and as a useful adjunct to traditional multiport techniques. A surgical glove port is constructed by applying a standard glove onto the rim of the wound protector/retractor used during laparoscopic resectional colorectal surgery. To illustrate its usefulness, we present our total experience to date and highlight a selection of patients presenting for a range of elective colorectal surgery procedures. The surgical glove port allowed successful completion of 25 single-port laparoscopic procedures (including laparoscopic adhesiolysis, ileo-rectal anastomosis, right hemicolectomy, total colectomy and low anterior resection) and has been used as an adjunct in over 80 additional multiport procedures (including refashioning of a colorectal anastomosis made after specimen extraction during a standard multiport laparoscopic anterior resection). This simple, efficient device can allow use of single-port laparoscopy in a broader spectrum of patients either in isolation or in combination with multiport surgery than may be otherwise possible for economic reasons. By separating issues of cost from utility, the usefulness of the technical advance inherent within single-port laparoscopy for colorectal surgery can be better appreciated. We endorse the creative innovation inherent in this approach as surgical practice continues to evolve for ever greater patient benefit.

Ventilation in homes infested by house-dust mites.

Science.gov (United States)

Sundell, J; Wickman, M; Pershagen, G; Nordvall, S L

1995-02-01

Thirty single-family homes with either high (> or = 2000 ng/g) or low (< or = 1000 ng/g) house-dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in mattress dust were examined for ventilation, thermal climate, and air quality (formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Elevated concentrations of HDM allergen in mattress and floor dust were associated with the difference in absolute humidity between indoor and outdoor air, as well as with low air-change rates of the home, particularly the bedroom. No correlation was found between concentration of TVOC or formaldehyde in bedroom air and HDM allergen concentration. In regions with a cold winter climate, the air-change rate of the home and the infiltration of outdoor air into the bedroom appear to be important for the infestation of HDM.

Factores protectores familiares para la prevención del uso de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA en estudiantes de quinto de primaria de la Institución Educativa San Luis Gonzaga del corregimiento de Chicoral (El Espinal, Tolima

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Magdalena Acevedo-Silva

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Objetivo: Determinar los factores protectores familiares que previenen el uso de sustancias psicoactivas en los estudiantes del grado quinto de primaria de la Institución Educativa San Luis Gonzaga de Chicoral, corregimiento de El Espinal (Tolima. Materiales y métodos: La metodología utilizada fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. El análisis y procesamiento de la información se llevó a cabo mediante la utilización del paquete estadístico Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS versión 18. La recolección de la información se realizó a través de la aplicación de una encuesta, una escala tipo Lickert autoaplicable. La muestra estuvo constituida por un total de 130 estudiantes de quinto de primaria de la institución educativa pertenecientes al estrato 1 y 2 de acuerdo con el régimen subsidiado Sisbén. Resultados: Para la realización del análisis se empleó la estadística descriptiva con tablas de frecuencias, figuras de barras y cruces de variables. Conclusiones: El estudio permitió reconocer la importancia que tienen los factores pro - tectores para el desarrollo integral y saludable de los adolescentes. La comunicación es un posibilitador de los factores protectores familiares. El fenómeno de consumo de S PA no tiene características diferenciales para el contexto urbano y el contexto rural.

Estudio comparativo de microsutura vascular en ratas: punto simple y punto de colchonero horizontal Comparative study about vascular microsurgery on rats: classic interrupted suture versus horizontal mattress suture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C. Casado Sánchez

2009-09-01

Full Text Available La Microcirugía es la técnica empleada para la realización de la microanastomosis vascular. El objetivo del presente estudio es comparar dos tipos de técnicas de microsutura: los puntos simples clásicos, de empleo habitual en la microcirugía vascular, y los puntos de colchonero horizontales, no evaluados habitualmente para este tipo de cirugía. Fueron intervenidas 20 ratas albinas de la cepa Wistar (peso medio de 250 - 300 gr. bajo anestesia general; realizamos sección transversal en la arteria femoral, procediendo a su reparación microquirúrgica inmediata. Se establecieron 2 grupos de animales: en el grupo A (n=10, la microsutura se hizo mediante 6 puntos sueltos simples, y en el grupo B (n=10, empleando 3 puntos de colchonero horizontal. Comprobamos la patencia en el desclampado inmediato y tras una hora del desclampado (para ambas técnicas fue positiva en el 100% de los casos, y la hemorragia en ambos tiempos (se registró un único caso de sangrado en el postoperatorio inmediato en el grupo B, que requirió la revisión de la microsutura. El tiempo medio de ejecución de la sutura en el grupo B, 15 minutos aproximadamente, fue más corto que en el grupo A, 21 minutos aproximadamente, diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p Microsurgery is the procedure of choice for vascular microanastamoses. The objective of this study was to compare two types of suture techniques: classic interrupted suture anastomoses, commonly used for vascular anastamoses in microsurgery, and another technique using horizontal mattress sutures, rarely evaluated in this type of surgery. Twenty albino Wistar rats were operated (average weight: 250 - 300 gr. under general anaesthesia. A transverse section of the femoral artery was performed and immediately followed by an anastamoses. The animals were placed into two groups of ten. The classic 6 interrupted suture anastomoses technique was performed in group A (n = 10 and another technique using 3

CHARACTERIZATION OF SORBENT PRODUCED THROUGH IMMOBILIZATION OF HUMIC ACID ON CHITOSAN USING GLUTARALDEHYDE AS CROSS-LINKING AGENT AND Pb(II ION AS ACTIVE SITE PROTECTOR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uripto Trisno Santoso

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Sorbent produced through immobilization of humic acid (HA on chitosan using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent and Pb(II ions as active site protector has been characterized. Active sorption site of HA was protected by reacting HA with Pb(II ion, and the protected-HA was then activated by glutaraldehyde, crosslinked onto chitosan, and deprotected by 0.1 M disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (Na2EDTA. The protected-crosslinking method enhanced the content of immobilized-HA and its chemical stability. Based on the FTIR spectra, crosslinking of HA on chitosan probably occurred through a chemical reaction. The sorption capacity of sorbent still remains unchanged after the second regeneration, but some of HA start to be soluble. The latter shows that cross-linking reaction between HA and chitosan is through formation an unstable product. The effectiveness of sorbent regeneration can also be identified by the XRD pattern.

Biomechanical advantages of triple-loaded suture anchors compared with double-row rotator cuff repairs.

Science.gov (United States)

Barber, F Alan; Herbert, Morley A; Schroeder, F Alexander; Aziz-Jacobo, Jorge; Mays, Matthew M; Rapley, Jay H

2010-03-01

To evaluate the strength and suture-tendon interface security of various suture anchors triply and doubly loaded with ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene-containing sutures and to evaluate the relative effectiveness of placing these anchors in a single-row or double-row arrangement by cyclic loading and then destructive testing. The infraspinatus muscle was reattached to the original humeral footprint by use of 1 of 5 different repair patterns in 40 bovine shoulders. Two single-row repairs and three double-row repairs were tested. High-strength sutures were used for all repairs. Five groups were studied: group 1, 2 triple-loaded screw suture anchors in a single row with simple stitches; group 2, 2 triple-loaded screw anchors in a single row with simple stitches over a fourth suture passed perpendicularly ("rip-stop" stitch); group 3, 2 medial and 2 lateral screw anchors with a single vertical mattress stitch passed from the medial anchors and 2 simple stitches passed from the lateral anchors; group 4, 2 medial double-loaded screw anchors tied in 2 mattress stitches and 2 push-in lateral anchors capturing the medial sutures in a "crisscross" spanning stitch; and group 5, 2 medial double-loaded screw anchors tied in 2 mattress stitches and 2 push-in lateral anchors creating a "suture-bridge" stitch. The specimens were cycled between 10 and 180 N at 1.0 Hz for 3,500 cycles or until failure. Endpoints were cyclic loading displacement (5 and 10 mm), total displacement, and ultimate failure load. A single row of triply loaded anchors was more resistant to stretching to a 5- and 10-mm gap than the double-row repairs with or without the addition of a rip-stop suture (P row repair (P row created by 2 medial double-loaded suture anchors and 2 lateral push-in anchors stretched more than any other group (P row repairs with either crossing sutures or 4 separate anchor points were more likely to fail (5- or 10-mm gap) than a single-row repair loaded with 3 simple sutures

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bio protector agents against wilt induced by Verticillium spp. in pepper

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goicoechea, N.; Garmendia, I.; Sanchez-Diaz, M.; Aguirreolea, J.

2010-07-01

Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is a vascular pathogen that alters water status and growth of pepper plants and causes drastic reductions in yield. Its control is difficult because it can survive in field soil for several years. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as bio protector agents against V. dahliae is an alternative to the use of chemicals which, in addition, is more respectful with the environment. The establishment of the mutualistic association of plant roots and AMF involves a continuous cellular and molecular dialogue between both symbionts that includes the pre activation of plant defense responses that may enhance the resistance or tolerance of mycorrhizal plants to soil-borne pathogens. Some AMF can improve the resistance of Capsicum annuum L. against V. dahliae. This is especially relevant for pepper cultivars (i.e. cv. Piquillo) that exhibit high susceptibility to this pathogen. Compared with non-mycorrhizal plants, mycorrhizal pepper can exhibit more balanced antioxidant metabolism in leaves along the first month after pathogen inoculation, which may contribute to delay both the development of disease symptoms and the decrease of photosynthesis in Verticillium-inoculated plants with the subsequent benefit for yield. In stems, mycorrhizal pepper show earlier and higher deposition of lignin in xylem vessels than non mycorrhizal plants, even in absence of the pathogen. Moreover, AMF can induce new isoforms of acidic chitinases and superoxide dismutase in roots. Mycorrhizal-specific induction of these enzymatic activities together with enhanced peroxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in roots may also be involved in the bio protection of Verticillium-induced wilt in pepper by AMF. (Author) 81 refs.

Brain REST/NRSF Is Not Only a Silent Repressor but Also an Active Protector.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Yangang; Zhu, Min; Yu, Yanlan; Qiu, Linli; Zhang, Yuanyuan; He, Li; Zhang, Jiqiang

2017-01-01

fundamental protector against neurodegeneration and other disorders and may be a novel potent therapeutic target for neural disturbances.

Pressure ulcer prevention and healing using alternating pressure mattress at home: the PARESTRY project.

Science.gov (United States)

Meaume, S; Marty, M

2015-08-01

Specialised pressure-relieving supports reduce or relieve the interface pressure between the skin and the support surface. The comparative effectiveness of dynamic support surfaces is debated. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of using an alternating pressure air mattress (APAM) on pressure ulcer (PU) incidence in patients receiving home-based care. A second aim was to determine the level of patient/family satisfaction with comfort and gain the views of the care team that used the APAM. The PARESTRY study was a prospective observational study conducted in patients with a high risk of PUs (Braden score prevention groups consisted of patients with no PU at baseline who were in bed for at least 20 hours a day. Patients at baseline with a category 3 or 4 PU or a category 1 or 2 PU in association with poor general health or end-of-life status were included in the secondary prevention group. All patients were laid on an APAM. The primary end point was the % of patients with a worsening skin condition in the pressure area (heel, sacrum, ischium) at day 90 or at the end of the study. The primary analysis was done on the full analysis set (patients included with at least a second assessment), using the last observation carried forward technique to handle missing data, at day 90. A 95% confidence interval was calculated. Analysis was performed on 92 patients (30 in primary prevention and 62 in secondary prevention). The average time spent in bed was 22.7 (SD 2.7) hours a day and 22.6 (SD 2.2) hours in the primary and secondary prevention groups, respectively. At baseline, in the secondary group, 77% of patients had a sacral PU, 63% a heel PU, 8% an ischial tuberosity PU and 45% a PU in another area, a number of patients having multiple PUs. In the primary prevention group, 63% (19/30) of patients dropped out of the study (5 were hospitalised, 9 died, 5 other causes). In the secondary prevention group, 61% (38/62) dropped out (7 were hospitalised, 23 died, 8

Cost-effectiveness of pressure-relieving devices for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.

Science.gov (United States)

Fleurence, Rachael L

2005-01-01

The cost-effectiveness of alternating pressure-relieving devices, mattress replacements, and mattress overlays compared with a standard hospital (high-specification foam mattress) for the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers in hospital patients in the United Kingdom was investigated. A decision-analytic model was constructed to evaluate different strategies to prevent or treat pressure ulcers. Three scenarios were evaluated: the prevention of pressure ulcers, the treatment of superficial ulcers, and the treatment of severe ulcers. Epidemiological and effectiveness data were obtained from the clinical literature. Expert opinion using a rating scale technique was used to obtain quality of life data. Costs of the devices were obtained from manufacturers, whereas costs of treatment were obtained from the literature. Uncertainty was explored through probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Using 30,000 pounds sterling/QALY (quality-adjusted life year) as the decision-maker's cut off point (the current UK standard), in scenario 1 (prevention), the cost-effective strategy was the mattress overlay at 1, 4, and 12 weeks. In scenarios 2 and 3, the cost-effective strategy was the mattress replacement at 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Standard care was a dominated intervention in all scenarios for values of the decision-maker's ceiling ratio ranging from 5,000 pounds sterling to 100,000 pounds sterling/QALY. However, the probabilistic sensitivity analysis results reflected the high uncertainty surrounding the choice of devices. Current information suggests that alternating pressure mattress overlays may be cost-effective for the prevention of pressure ulcers, whereas alternating pressure mattress replacements appears to be cost-effective for the treatment of superficial and severe pressure ulcers.

75 FR 72944 - Third Party Testing for Certain Children's Products; Mattresses, Mattress Pads, and/or Mattress...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-29

...: Revisions to Terms of Acceptance of Children's Product Certifications Based on Third Party Conformity... under which it will accept certifications for children's products based on third party conformity..., requires that certification be based on testing of sufficient samples of the product, or samples that are...

75 FR 51020 - Third Party Testing for Certain Children's Products; Mattresses, Mattress Pads, and/or Mattress...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-18

... Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Standard 17025:2005, ``General Requirements... and of the requirements of the ISO/IEC 17025:2005 laboratory accreditation standard is provided in the... body that was ISO/IEC 17025 accredited by an ILAC-MRA member at the time of the test. For firewalled...

A bacteriological study of hospital beds before and after disinfection with phenolic disinfectant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Andrade Denise de

2000-01-01

Full Text Available In hospitals, one of the ways to control microbial contamination is by disinfecting the furniture used by patients. This study's main objective was to evaluate the microbiological condition of hospital mattresses before and after such disinfection, in order to identify bacteria that are epidemiologically important in nosocomial infection, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RODAC plates with two different culture media were used to collect specimens. Patient beds were selected according to previously established criteria, and surface areas on the mattresses were chosen at random. From the total of 1 040 plate cultures from 52 mattresses, positive results were obtained from 500 of them (48.1%, 263 before disinfection and 237 after disinfection. Considering the selectivity of the culture media, the positivity rate was high. There were high prevalences of S. aureus both before and after mattress disinfection. The study results suggest that the usual disinfection procedures, instead of diminishing the number of microbes, merely displace them from one part of the mattress to another, and the number of microorganisms remains the same.

A bacteriological study of hospital beds before and after disinfection with phenolic disinfectant

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise de Andrade

2000-03-01

Full Text Available In hospitals, one of the ways to control microbial contamination is by disinfecting the furniture used by patients. This study's main objective was to evaluate the microbiological condition of hospital mattresses before and after such disinfection, in order to identify bacteria that are epidemiologically important in nosocomial infection, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RODAC plates with two different culture media were used to collect specimens. Patient beds were selected according to previously established criteria, and surface areas on the mattresses were chosen at random. From the total of 1 040 plate cultures from 52 mattresses, positive results were obtained from 500 of them (48.1%, 263 before disinfection and 237 after disinfection. Considering the selectivity of the culture media, the positivity rate was high. There were high prevalences of S. aureus both before and after mattress disinfection. The study results suggest that the usual disinfection procedures, instead of diminishing the number of microbes, merely displace them from one part of the mattress to another, and the number of microorganisms remains the same.

Biomechanical comparison of a single-row versus double-row suture anchor technique for rotator cuff repair.

Science.gov (United States)

Kim, David H; Elattrache, Neal S; Tibone, James E; Jun, Bong-Jae; DeLaMora, Sergai N; Kvitne, Ronald S; Lee, Thay Q

2006-03-01

Reestablishment of the native footprint during rotator cuff repair has been suggested as an important criterion for optimizing healing potential and fixation strength. A double-row rotator cuff footprint repair will demonstrate superior biomechanical properties compared with a single-row repair. Controlled laboratory study. In 9 matched pairs of fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders, the supraspinatus tendon from 1 shoulder was repaired with a double-row suture anchor technique: 2 medial anchors with horizontal mattress sutures and 2 lateral anchors with simple sutures. The tendon from the contralateral shoulder was repaired using a single lateral row of 2 anchors with simple sutures. Each specimen underwent cyclic loading from 10 to 180 N for 200 cycles, followed by tensile testing to failure. Gap formation and strain over the footprint area were measured using a video digitizing system; stiffness and failure load were determined from testing machine data. Gap formation for the double-row repair was significantly smaller (P row repair for the first cycle (1.67 +/- 0.75 mm vs 3.10 +/- 1.67 mm, respectively) and the last cycle (3.58 +/- 2.59 mm vs 7.64 +/- 3.74 mm, respectively). The initial strain over the footprint area for the double-row repair was nearly one third (P row repair. Adding a medial row of anchors increased the stiffness of the repair by 46% and the ultimate failure load by 48% (P row repair improved initial strength and stiffness and decreased gap formation and strain over the footprint when compared with a single-row repair. To achieve maximal initial fixation strength and minimal gap formation for rotator cuff repair, reconstructing the footprint attachment with 2 rows of suture anchors should be considered.

La creencia en la rehabilitación y reinserción social de los internos de prisión como factor protector de la salud laboral de los trabajadores || Belief in rehabilitation and social reinsertion of prisoners positive factor employees occupational health

OpenAIRE

Miguel Clemente; Adela Reig-Botella; Raúl Coloma

2015-01-01

La literatura demuestra que un factor protector de la salud de los trabajadores de instituciones penitenciarias es la creencia en la rehabilitación y la reinserción de los internos. Esta actitud positiva previene problemas de salud laboral al evitar, fundamentalmente, el síndrome de burnout. Este trabajo investiga si una actitud positiva o negativa hacia la creencia en la rehabilitación y reinserción de los penados provee de mayor o menor protección frente a problemas de salud psicosocial. Pa...

Experiences Related to Urinary Incontinence of Stroke Patients: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Science.gov (United States)

Arkan, Gulcihan; Beser, Ayse; Ozturk, Vesile

2018-02-01

Poststroke urinary incontinence is a common problem, with a prevalence ranging from 32% to 79%. Urinary incontinence after stroke has negative physiological, psychological, and economic effects, which lead to lifestyle changes for both patients and caregivers. Nurses play an important role in preventing and improving incontinence, understanding the experiences of individuals experiencing incontinence, providing healthcare for them, and implementing behavioral therapy methods. The aim of this study was to determine the experience related to urinary incontinence of stroke patients. In this qualitative descriptive study, using semistructured interviews, 15 participants with urinary incontinence after stroke selected through purposeful sampling were interviewed. Data were collected with a semistructured interview form prepared within the framework of the Health Belief Model. All data were analyzed using content analysis. Three main themes were identified: "perception of urinary incontinence," "effects of urinary incontinence," and "management of urinary incontinence." The respondents explained that urinary incontinence also adversely affected their caregivers. They experienced many daily life and psychological problems because of urinary incontinence. In addition, they made several changes to management urinary incontinence such as limiting fluid intake, changing underwear frequently, using waterproof mattress protectors, applying traditional practice, and taking medicine. This study revealed that stroke patients needed help and support for urinary incontinence management. Nurses should provide information about management and urinary incontinence after stroke.

Triple-Loaded Suture Anchors Versus a Knotless Rip Stop Construct in a Single-Row Rotator Cuff Repair Model.

Science.gov (United States)

Noyes, Matthew P; Lederman, Evan; Adams, Christopher R; Denard, Patrick J

2018-05-01

To compare the biomechanical properties of single-row repair with triple-loaded (TL) anchor repair versus a knotless rip stop (KRS) repair in a rotator cuff repair model. Rotator cuff tears were created in 8 cadaveric matched-pair specimens and repaired with a TL anchor or KRS construct. In the TL construct, anchors were placed in the greater tuberosity and then all suture limbs were passed through the rotator cuff as simple sutures and tied. In the KRS construct, a 2-mm suture tape was passed through the tendon in an inverted mattress fashion, and a free suture was passed medial to the suture tape to create a rip-stop. Then, the suture tape and free suture were secured with knotless anchors. Displacement was observed with video tracking after cyclic loading, and specimens were loaded to failure. The mean load to failure was 438 ± 59 N in TL anchor repairs compared with 457 ± 110 N in KRS repairs (P = .582). The mean displacement with cyclic loading was 3.8 ± 1.6 mm in TL anchor repairs versus 4.3 ± 1.8 mm in the KRS group (P = .297). Mode of failure was consistent in both groups, with 6 of 8 failures in the TL anchor group and 7 of 8 failures in KRS group occurring from anchor pullout. There is no statistical difference in load to failure and cyclic loading between TL anchor and KRS single-row repair techniques. KRS repair technique may be an alternative method of repairing full-thickness supraspinatus tendon tears with a single-row construct. Copyright © 2018 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The temporal outcomes of open versus arthroscopic knotted and knotless rotator cuff repair over 5 years

Science.gov (United States)

Lucena, Thomas R; Lam, Patrick H; Millar, Neal L

2015-01-01

Background The present study aimed to determine how repair technique influenced structural and clinical outcomes at 5 years post-surgery. Methods Three cohorts of patients had repair of a symptomatic rotator cuff tear using (i) an open double-row mattress repair technique (n = 25); (ii) arthroscopic single-row simple suture knotted technique (n = 25); or (iii) arthroscopic single-row inverted mattress knotless technique (n = 36) by one surgeon. Standardized patient- and examiner-determined outcomes were obtained pre-operatively and postoperatively with a validated protocol, ultrasound were also performed at the same time. Results Retear occurred more often after open repair (48%) at 5 years than after arthroscopic knotted (33%) and arthroscopic knotless (26%) repair. Retear was associated with increasing age, pre-operative tear size and weaker pre-operative and 5 years postoperative cuff strength. Between 2 years and 5 years, the open repair group experienced an increase in the frequency of pain during activity, as well as in the difficulty experienced and the severity of pain during overhead activities (p repair group. Conclusions At 5-year follow-up, arthroscopic rotator cuff repair techniques resulted in fewer retears and better outcomes compared to an open double-row technique. PMID:27582985

The effect of 2-[(aminopropyl)amino] ethanethiol (WR 1065) on radiation-induced DNA damage and repair and cell progression in V79 cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grdina, D.J.; Nagy, B.

1986-01-01

The radioprotector 2-[(aminopropyl)amino] ethanethiol (WR 1065) was investigated with respect to its ability to affect radiation-induced DNA damage and repair in V79 cells. At a concentration of 4mM, WR 1065 protected against the formation of single strand breaks (SSB), when present during irradiation. The protector appeared, however, to inhibit the subsequent postirradiation repair or rejoining of SSB. While repair was complete within 24h, the protector reduced the rate of repair by a factor of 3. This inhibitory effect on the rate of repair did not correlate with either measured differences in cell survival or mutagenesis. WR 1065 present in the growth medium inhibited the progression of cells through S-phase, and cell-doubling time following a 3h exposure to the protector was increased from 11 to 18h. These data are consistent with the property of thiols to inhibit DNA polymerase activity. It was concluded that, while the presence of WR 1065 during irradiation reduced SSB-DNA damage, its effect on the subsequent rejoining of these breaks could not be correlated with its observed effect on protecting against radiation-induced mutagenesis. (author)

How to Find Bed Bugs

Science.gov (United States)

Find and correctly identify an infestation early before it becomes widespread. Look for rusty or reddish stains and pinpoint dark spots on bed sheets or mattresses, and search for bugs near the piping, seams and tags of the mattress and box spring.

Hearing in young adults. Part I: The effects of attitudes and beliefs toward noise, hearing loss, and hearing protector devices

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hannah Keppler

2015-01-01

Full Text Available There is great concern regarding the development of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL in youth caused by high sound levels during various leisure activities. Health-orientated behavior of young adults might be linked to the beliefs and attitudes toward noise, hearing loss, and hearing protector devices (HPDs. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of attitudes and beliefs toward noise, hearing loss, and HPDs on young adults′ hearing status. A questionnaire and an audiological test battery were completed by 163 subjects (aged 18-30 years. The questionnaire contained the Youth Attitude to Noise Scale (YANS and Beliefs about Hearing Protection and Hearing Loss (BAHPHL. A more positive attitude or belief represented an attitude where noise or hearing loss is seen as unproblematic and attitudes and beliefs regarding HPDs is worse. Hearing was evaluated using (high frequency pure tone audiometry (PTA, transient evoked and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. First, mean differences in hearing between the groups with different attitudes and beliefs were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA. Second, a χ2 test was used to examine the usage of HPDs by the different groups with different attitudes and beliefs. Young adults with a positive attitude had significantly more deteriorated hearing and used HPDs less than the other subjects. Hearing conservation programs (HCPs for young adults should provide information and knowledge regarding noise, hearing loss, and HPDs. Barriers wearing HPDs should especially be discussed. Further, those campaigns should focus on self-experienced hearing related symptoms that might serve as triggers for attitudinal and behavioral changes.

Pressure relieving support surfaces (PRESSURE) trial: cost effectiveness analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Iglesias, Cynthia; Nixon, Jane; Cranny, Gillian; Nelson, E Andrea; Hawkins, Kim; Phillips, Angela; Torgerson, David; Mason, Su; Cullum, Nicky

2006-06-17

To assess the cost effectiveness of alternating pressure mattresses compared with alternating pressure overlays for the prevention of pressure ulcers in patients admitted to hospital. Cost effectiveness analysis carried out alongside the pressure relieving support surfaces (PRESSURE) trial; a multicentre UK based pragmatic randomised controlled trial. 11 hospitals in six UK NHS trusts. Intention to treat population comprising 1971 participants. Kaplan Meier estimates of restricted mean time to development of pressure ulcers and total costs for treatment in hospital. Alternating pressure mattresses were associated with lower overall costs (283.6 pounds sterling per patient on average, 95% confidence interval--377.59 pounds sterling to 976.79 pounds sterling) mainly due to reduced length of stay in hospital, and greater benefits (a delay in time to ulceration of 10.64 days on average,--24.40 to 3.09). The differences in health benefits and total costs for hospital stay between alternating pressure mattresses and alternating pressure overlays were not statistically significant; however, a cost effectiveness acceptability curve indicated that on average alternating pressure mattresses compared with alternating pressure overlays were associated with an 80% probability of being cost saving. Alternating pressure mattresses for the prevention of pressure ulcers are more likely to be cost effective and are more acceptable to patients than alternating pressure overlays.

78 FR 46952 - Relief-Mart, Inc.; Analysis of Proposed Consent Order To Aid Public Comment

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-02

... representations that a memory foam mattress lacks the common smell associated with memory foam to mean that the... involves respondent's marketing and sale of memory foam mattresses. According to the FTC's complaint... off-gassing, and lack the odors commonly associated with memory foam. The complaint alleges that...

Decubitus prophylaxis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Andersen, Klaus Ejner; Jensen, O; Kvorning, S A

1983-01-01

Six hundred patients at risk for pressure sores were randomized in either a control group or one of two experimental groups placed on alternating-pressure air-mattresses and water-mattresses. The groups remained comparable throughout the 10-day study period. Twenty-one patients from the control...

Should care homes adopt a static-led approach to pressure ulcer prevention?

Science.gov (United States)

Keen, Delia Catherine

A static-led approach refers to the provision of high-specification foam mattresses for the whole of a population at risk of pressure damage. Such mattresses have been found to reduce the risk of pressure ulceration and cost less overall than standard mattresses, even in populations where only 1 in 100 patients develops a pressure ulcer. Reduced pressure ulcer prevalence and reduced costs resulting from decreased expenditure on dynamic mattresses following the implementation of a static-led approach have been reported. Pressure ulcers cause pain, a reduced quality of life, loss of independence, depression and social isolation for those in whom they develop. Organizations are increasingly having to pay out large sums of money following litigation surrounding pressure ulcers. This article explains why NHS healthcare providers and private care organizations need to work together to consider implementing a static-led approach to pressure ulcer prevention within care homes in order to reduce pressure ulcer incidence cost-effectively within their local populations.

Avaliação da presença de Staphylococcus aureus nos leitos do Centro de Terapia Intensiva do Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro, em relação à posição no colchão antes e após a limpeza Evaluation of presence of Staphylococcus aureus on the beds of Hospital Escola's Intensive Care Unit, concerning the position on the mattress, before and after cleaning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guilhermo Justino Mundim

2003-12-01

Full Text Available Através de meios de cultura, foi pesquisada a posição de colônias de Staphylococcus aureus em colchões, visando avaliar a eficácia do procedimento de limpeza e desinfecção dos leitos do Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro (Uberaba. Foram analisadas amostras de 50 colchões no período de 22 de outubro de 2000 a 16 de janeiro de 2001. As amostras foram coletadas e semeadas, pela técnica de esgotamento, em dois meios de cultivo (ágar sangue e manitol com posterior realização de provas de catalase e coagulase . Na análise estatística, foram utilizados os testes não paramétricos Mann-Whitney, Kruswkal- Wallis e Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test com nível de significância p 0,05. Os resultados apontam e alertam para falhas no procedimento de limpeza e desinfecção dos leitos hospitalares por nós estudados.By means of culture medium, it was researched the position of the colony of Staphylococcus aureus on the mattress, to evaluate the efficciuoness of the methods of cleaning and disinfection of the river bed in the Faculdade de Medicina do Triângulo Mineiro's School Hospital (Uberaba. It were evaluated fifty mattresses on the period of October 22th (2000 to January 16th (2001. The samples were collected and grown, the exhaustion techinique draining, on two different nutrient bases (blood agar and mannitol salt agar followed by catalase and coagulase tests. For the statistical analysis, were used non-parametrics tests Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test with significance level p < 0,05 were used. Six hundred dishes of culture medium have been used. There was growing in 94 (15,6%, being 82 (87,2% before and 12 (12,8% after cleaning and disinfection. Concerning the position on the bed, the samples obtained from mannitol salt agar medium showed significant retention on the lower position of bed. The results alert to flaws in the procedure for cleaning and disinfection from the mattresses

Pressure RElieving Support SUrfaces: a Randomised Evaluation 2 (PRESSURE 2): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Brown, Sarah; Smith, Isabelle L; Brown, Julia M; Hulme, Claire; McGinnis, Elizabeth; Stubbs, Nikki; Nelson, E Andrea; Muir, Delia; Rutherford, Claudia; Walker, Kay; Henderson, Valerie; Wilson, Lyn; Gilberts, Rachael; Collier, Howard; Fernandez, Catherine; Hartley, Suzanne; Bhogal, Moninder; Coleman, Susanne; Nixon, Jane E

2016-12-20

Pressure ulcers represent a major burden to patients, carers and the healthcare system, affecting approximately 1 in 17 hospital and 1 in 20 community patients. They impact greatly on an individual's functional status and health-related quality of life. The mainstay of pressure ulcer prevention practice is the provision of pressure redistribution support surfaces and patient repositioning. The aim of the PRESSURE 2 study is to compare the two main mattress types utilised within the NHS: high-specification foam and alternating pressure mattresses, in the prevention of pressure ulcers. PRESSURE 2 is a multicentre, open-label, randomised, double triangular, group sequential, parallel group trial. A maximum of 2954 'high-risk' patients with evidence of acute illness will be randomised on a 1:1 basis to receive either a high-specification foam mattress or alternating-pressure mattress in conjunction with an electric profiling bed frame. The primary objective of the trial is to compare mattresses in terms of the time to developing a new Category 2 or above pressure ulcer by 30 days post end of treatment phase. Secondary endpoints include time to developing new Category 1 and 3 or above pressure ulcers, time to healing of pre-existing Category 2 pressure ulcers, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, incidence of mattress change and safety. Validation objectives are to determine the responsiveness of the Pressure Ulcer Quality of Life-Prevention instrument and the feasibility of having a blinded endpoint assessment using photography. The trial will have a maximum of three planned analyses with unequally spaced reviews at event-driven coherent cut-points. The futility boundaries are constructed as non-binding to allow a decision for stopping early to be overruled by the Data Monitoring and Ethics Committee. The double triangular, group sequential design of the PRESSURE 2 trial will provide an efficient design through the possibility of early stopping for

16 CFR 1633.2 - Definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... terms, for definitions of these items. (b) Foundation means a ticking covered structure used to support a mattress or sleep surface. The structure may include constructed frames, foam, box springs, or... taped border edge of a mattress or foundation that joins the top and/or bottom with the side panels. (h...

Las competencias socioemocionales como factor protector ante la sintomatología de ansiedad y depresión en adolescentes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma Alicia Ruvalcaba Romero

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract This research paper shows a descriptive correlational study is to identify the role of the social and emotional competences as a protective factor against anxious and depressive symptomatology in adolescents. Participants were 840 Mexican adolescents that completed the Emotional Quotient Inventory, Youth Version: EQ-I:YV by Bar-On, the Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale, RCMAS by Reynolds and Richmond, and the Children’s Depression Inventory, CDI by Kovacs. We found a negative relationship between variables. In the same way, it was observed that social and emotional competences had a predictive value of 14% on the anxious symptomatology and 39% on the depressive symptomatology. The results support the importance of developing programs emphasizing socio-emotional skills training to prevent early onset of affective disorders. Resumen El presente artículo de investigación presenta un estudio de tipo descriptivo correlacional que buscó identificar el papel de las competencias socioemocionales como un factor protector ante la sintomatología ansiosa o depresiva en adolescentes. La muestra se compuso de 840 adolescentes mexicanos a los que se les aplicó el Inventario de Coeficiente Emocional de Bar-On (EQ-i: YV, la Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Niños Revisada (RCMAS, de Reynolds y Richmond, así como el Inventario de Depresión Infantil (CDI de Kovacs. Se observó una relación negativa entre las variables, y un valor predictivo de las competencias socioemocionales de un 14% para sintomatología ansiosa y de un 39% para sintomatología depresiva. Estos resultados avalan la importancia de desarrollar programas que, a partir del entrenamiento en competencias socioemocionales, contribuyan a prevenir la aparición temprana de trastornos afectivos.

INFLUÊNCIA DE PROTETORES FÍSICOS COLORIDOS NAS TROCAS GASOSAS EM MUDAS DE CANAFÍSTULA [ Peltophorum dubium (Spreng. Taub.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeferson Klein

2016-01-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT The utilization of physical protectors has been considered an efficient technique for direct sowing of different species, mainly native ones. Based on the importance of the species Peltophorum dubium for revegetation of degraded areas, tree planting and landscaping, this study evaluated gas exchanges in canafistula seedlings under the influence of physical protectors subjected to different luminosity rates. The experiment was carried out in pots a Dystropheric Red Latosol, a typical soil of the study region. Seedlings of Peltophorum dubium were evaluated at 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, and 130 days after sowing (DAS. Thus, the following treatments were adopted: T1, absence of physical protector (APP; T2, transparent physical protector (TPP; T3, transparent physical protector + blue cellophane (BPP and T4, transparent physical protector + red cellophane (RPP. The evaluated characteristics were: stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO 2 assimilation, CO 2 concentration inside the substomatal chamber and water use efficiency. In general, all types of physical protectors led to higher mean values of gas exchanges during their permanence in the sowing site until 70 DAS, except for CO 2 assimilation. However, water use efficiency was higher in APP seedlings at the same period.

16 CFR 1633.6 - Quality assurance requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... that mattress sets manufactured for sale are the same as the qualified and/or confirmed prototype on... are the same as those used in the prototype on which they are based; (2) Designation of a production lot that is represented by the prototype; and (3) Inspection of mattress sets produced for sale...

Investigation of X-ray irradiation reduction for pediatric patients in oral radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shikone, Mitsuru

1988-01-01

Diagnostic intraoral radiography carries the undue risk of thyroid gland irradiation due to their physical proximity to the radiation pathway. This is particularly true in children where maximum radiation protection is necessary due to their small physical stature and greater sensitivity of their thyroid to radiation. With this in mind, two new types of pediatric thyroid protectors were constructed. Using the 192 type CAPINTEC (Exposure/Exposure-ratemater) and the TLD (Thermo Luminescence Dosimeter), the effectiveness of the new protectors were analyzed statistically and clinically. They were also compared to other thyroid radiation dosage values reported in the past. The following results were obtained : 1) Even when the tube voltage was altered from 65 kVp to 80 kVp, the shielding effectiveness of the new protectors were satisfactory, recording below 1.0 mR (2.58 x 10 -7 C/kg) value. 2) Thyroid protector's clinical results with respect to the six projectioins of the upper and lower anteriors, cuspids, and molar regions were more than satisfactory, where the thyroid region's radiation dosage of below 0.9 mR (2.32 x 10 -6 C/kg) was obtained. 3) The new protectors were compared against other commercially available protectors with respect to adaptation, ease of handling, cone positioning during exposure, patient movement and weight of the protector. Most of the said problems were resolved with satisfactory in comparison to existing products. 4) As for the risk of thyroid gland cancer, when, the new thyroid gland protector is used it was 9 x 10 -6 and the probability was 1/100,000 ; whereas, it was about 1/50 for the existing protectors. (author)

Three-dimensional evaluation of cyclic displacement in single-row and double-row rotator cuff reconstructions under static external rotation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lorbach, Olaf; Kieb, Matthias; Raber, Florian; Busch, Lüder C; Kohn, Dieter M; Pape, Dietrich

2013-01-01

The double-row suture bridge repair was recently introduced and has demonstrated superior biomechanical results and higher yield load compared with the traditional double-row technique. It therefore seemed reasonable to compare this second generation of double-row constructs to the modified single-row double mattress reconstruction. The repair technique, initial tear size, and tendon subregion will have a significant effect on 3-dimensional (3D) cyclic displacement under additional static external rotation of a modified single-row compared with a double-row rotator cuff repair. Controlled laboratory study. Rotator cuff tears (small to medium: 25 mm; medium to large: 35 mm) were created in 24 human cadaveric shoulders. Rotator cuff repairs were performed as modified single-row or double-row repairs, and cyclic loading (10-60 N, 10-100 N) was applied under 20° of external rotation. Radiostereometric analysis was used to calculate cyclic displacement in the anteroposterior (x), craniocaudal (y), and mediolateral (z) planes with a focus on the repair constructs and the initial tear size. Moreover, differences in cyclic displacement of the anterior compared with the posterior tendon subregions were calculated. Significantly lower cyclic displacement was seen in small to medium tears for the single-row compared with double-row repair at 60 and 100 N in the x plane (P = .001) and y plane (P = .001). The results were similar in medium to large tears at 100 N in the x plane (P = .004). Comparison of 25-mm versus 35-mm tears did not show any statistically significant differences for the single-row repairs. In the double-row repairs, lower gap formation was found for the 35-mm tears (P ≤ .05). Comparison of the anterior versus posterior tendon subregions revealed a trend toward higher anterior gap formation, although this was statistically not significant. The tested single-row reconstruction achieved superior results in 3D cyclic displacement to the tested double

Early prevention of pressure ulcers among elderly patients admitted through emergency departments: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Pham, Ba'; Teague, Laura; Mahoney, James; Goodman, Laurie; Paulden, Mike; Poss, Jeff; Li, Jianli; Ieraci, Luciano; Carcone, Steven; Krahn, Murray

2011-11-01

Every year, approximately 6.2 million hospital admissions through emergency departments (ED) involve elderly patients who are at risk of developing pressure ulcers. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pressure-redistribution foam mattresses on ED stretchers and beds for early prevention of pressure ulcers in elderly admitted ED patients. Using a Markov model, we evaluated the incremental effectiveness (quality-adjusted life-days) and incremental cost (hospital and home care costs) between early prevention and current practice (with standard hospital mattresses) from a health care payer perspective during a 1-year time horizon. The projected incidence of ED-acquired pressure ulcers was 1.90% with current practice and 1.48% with early prevention, corresponding to a number needed to treat of 238 patients. The average upgrading cost from standard to pressure-redistribution mattresses was $0.30 per patient. Compared with current practice, early prevention was more effective, with 0.0015 quality-adjusted life-days gained, and less costly, with a mean cost saving of $32 per patient. If decisionmakers are willing to pay $50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained, early prevention was cost-effective even for short ED stay (ie, 1 hour), low hospital-acquired pressure ulcer risk (1% prevalence), and high unit price of pressure-redistribution mattresses ($3,775). Taking input uncertainty into account, early prevention was 81% likely to be cost-effective. Expected value-of-information estimates supported additional randomized controlled trials of pressure-redistribution mattresses to eliminate the remaining decision uncertainty. The economic evidence supports early prevention with pressure-redistribution foam mattresses in the ED. Early prevention is likely to improve health for elderly patients and save hospital costs. Copyright © 2011 American College of Emergency Physicians. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Environmental and mucosal microbiota and their role in childhood asthma.

Science.gov (United States)

Birzele, L T; Depner, M; Ege, M J; Engel, M; Kublik, S; Bernau, C; Loss, G J; Genuneit, J; Horak, E; Schloter, M; Braun-Fahrländer, C; Danielewicz, H; Heederik, D; von Mutius, E; Legatzki, A

2017-01-01

High microbial diversity in the environment has been associated with lower asthma risk, particularly in children exposed to farming. It remains unclear whether this effect operates through an altered microbiome of the mucosal surfaces of the airways. DNA from mattress dust and nasal samples of 86 school age children was analyzed by 454 pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments. Based on operational taxonomic units (OTUs), bacterial diversity and composition were related to farm exposure and asthma status. Farm exposure was positively associated with bacterial diversity in mattress dust samples as determined by richness (P = 8.1 × 10 -6 ) and Shannon index (P = 1.3 × 10 -5 ). Despite considerable agreement of richness between mattress and nasal samples, the association of richness with farming in nasal samples was restricted to a high gradient of farm exposure, that is, exposure to cows and straw vs no exposure at all. In mattress dust, the genera Clostridium, Facklamia, an unclassified genus within the family of Ruminococcaceae, and six OTUs were positively associated with farming. Asthma was inversely associated with richness [aOR = 0.48 (0.22-1.02)] and Shannon index [aOR = 0.41 (0.21-0.83)] in mattress dust and to a lower extent in nasal samples [richness aOR 0.63 = (0.38-1.06), Shannon index aOR = 0.66 (0.39-1.12)]. The stronger inverse association of asthma with bacterial diversity in mattress dust as compared to nasal samples suggests microbial involvement beyond mere colonization of the upper airways. Whether inhalation of metabolites of environmental bacteria contributes to this phenomenon should be the focus of future research. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

YEAR-ROUND HOUSEDUST MITE LEVELS ON THE HIGHVELD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

electricity. Where possible dust was collected from the main bedroom, using the Rainbow Vacuum Cleaner. Bed linen was removed and the mattress was sampled. An area of 1 m' on the mattress was vacuumed for 2 minutes. The dust sampled was placed in a plastic bag, sealed and labelled. Thereafter the carpet next to.

Monte-Carlo Simulation and Automated Test Bench for Developing a Multichannel NIR-Based Vital-Signs Monitor.

Science.gov (United States)

Bruser, Christoph; Strutz, Nils; Winter, Stefan; Leonhardt, Steffen; Walter, Marian

2015-06-01

Unobtrusive, long-term monitoring of cardiac (and respiratory) rhythms using only non-invasive vibration sensors mounted in beds promises to unlock new applications in home and low acuity monitoring. This paper presents a novel concept for such a system based on an array of near infrared (NIR) sensors placed underneath a regular bed mattress. We focus on modeling and analyzing the underlying technical measurement principle with the help of a 2D model of a polyurethane foam mattress and Monte-Carlo simulations of the opto-mechanical interaction responsible for signal genesis. Furthermore, a test rig to automatically and repeatably impress mechanical vibrations onto a mattress is introduced and used to identify the properties of a prototype implementation of the proposed measurement principle. Results show that NIR-based sensing is capable of registering miniscule deformations of the mattress with a high spatial specificity. As a final outlook, proof-of-concept measurements with the sensor array are presented which demonstrate that cardiorespiratory movements of the body can be detected and that automatic heart rate estimation at competitive error levels is feasible with the proposed approach.

Flooring for Schools: Unsightly Walkways

Science.gov (United States)

Baxter, Mark

2011-01-01

Many mattress manufacturers recommend that consumers rotate their mattresses at least twice a year to help prevent soft spots from developing and increase the product's life span. It's unfortunate that the same kind of treatment can't be applied to flooring for schools, such as carpeting, especially in hallways. Being able to flip or turn a carpet…

Dosimetric feasibility of using tungsten-based functional paper for flexible chest wall protectors in intraoperative electron radiotherapy for breast cancer

Science.gov (United States)

Kamomae, Takeshi; Monzen, Hajime; Kawamura, Mariko; Okudaira, Kuniyasu; Nakaya, Takayoshi; Mukoyama, Takashi; Miyake, Yoshikazu; Ishihara, Yoshitomo; Itoh, Yoshiyuki; Naganawa, Shinji

2018-01-01

Intraoperative electron radiotherapy (IOERT), which is an accelerated partial breast irradiation method, has been used for early-stage breast cancer treatment. In IOERT, a protective disk is inserted behind the target volume to minimize the dose received by normal tissues. However, to use such a disk, the surgical incision must be larger than the field size because the disk is manufactured from stiff and unyielding materials. In this study, the applicability of newly developed tungsten-based functional paper (TFP) was assessed as an alternative to the existing protective disk. The radiation-shielding performance of the TFP was verified through experimental measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Percentage depth dose curves and lateral dose profiles with and without TFPs were measured and simulated on a dedicated IOERT accelerator. The number of piled-up TFPs was changed from 1 to 40. In the experimental measurements, the relative doses at the exit plane of the TFPs for 9 MeV were 42.7%, 9.2%, 0.2%, and 0.1% with 10, 20, 30, and 40 TFPs, respectively, whereas those for 12 MeV were 63.6%, 27.1%, 8.6%, and 0.2% with 10, 20, 30, and 40 TFPs, respectively. Slight dose enhancements caused by backscatter radiation from the TFPs were observed at the entrance plane of the TFPs at both beam energies. The results of the Monte Carlo simulation indicated the same tendency as the experimental measurements. Based on the experimental and simulated results, the radiation-shielding performances of 30 TFPs for 9 MeV and 40 TFPs for 12 MeV were confirmed to be acceptable and close to those of the existing protective disk. The findings of this study suggest the feasibility of using TFPs as flexible chest wall protectors in IOERT for breast cancer treatment.

75 FR 67047 - Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-01

... upholstery fabric manufacturers. Response: As discussed in greater detail in the preliminary regulatory... Environmental Quality regulations and CPSC procedures for environmental review, the Commission has assessed the...

AIR NCO's AND AIRMEN

African Journals Online (AJOL)

D.F.C. o Proceeded to Cape Town 9:5:22. Left Cape Town for. African Protectorate 25:2:22. J Left for South West African Protectorate 25:2:22. [ Left for South West African Protectorate. 1:6:22. Colonel: Director of Air Services. Air Directorate. 6th June 1922. SOUTH AFRICAN AIR FORCE. NOMINAL ROLL OF AIR W.O.'s,.

Effectiveness of house dust mite acaricide tri-n-butyl tin maleate on carpets, fabrics and mattress foam: a standardization of methodology Eficácia do acaricida maleato de estanho tri-n-butílico contra ácaros de poeira em carpetes, tecidos e espuma de colchão: padronização de metodologia

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Satiko Uehara

2006-06-01

Full Text Available The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the acaricide tri-n-butyl tin maleate, industrially applied to samples of carpets, mattress foam, and fabrics used for furniture upholstery, soft toys and shoe uppers. Approximately 100 adult house dust mites of the species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were inoculated into a Petri dish containing the sample (a piece of carpet, mattress foam, or fabric, treated with the acaricide, randomly collected. Mite-maintenance culture medium was added on top of each sample. After one, two, three, seven and 30 days of incubation at 25 ºC and 75% relative humidity, each dish was examined using a 40X stereoscopic microscope (40X. One hundred percent acaricide effectiveness was obtained in treated materials by the end of the 30th-day postinoculation period, under optimal conditions for mite maintenance.O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a eficácia do acaricida maleato de estanho tri-n-butílico, aplicado industrialmente em amostras de carpetes, tecidos de revestimentos de móveis e de calçados, assim como de espumas de colchão. Aproximadamente 100 ácaros adultos da espécie Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus foram inoculados em placa de Petri contendo a amostra (pedaço de colchão, tecido ou carpete, tratada com o produto acaricida, coletados aleatoriamente. Foi acrescentado sobre a amostra, meio de cultivo para a manutenção dos ácaros. Cada placa foi examinada após 1, 2, 3, 7 e 30 dias de incubação a 25 ºC e 75% de U.R.A. (umidade relativa do ar, sob microscópio estereoscópico com 40X de aumento. O acaricida maleato de estanho tri-n-butílico apresentou 100% de eficácia acaricida após 30 dias da aplicação, em condições ótimas para a manutenção dos ácaros.

A method to reduce patient's eye lens dose in neuro-interventional radiology procedures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Safari, M.J.; Wong, J.H.D.; Kadir, K.A.A.; Sani, F.M.; Ng, K.H.

2016-01-01

Complex and prolonged neuro-interventional radiology procedures using the biplane angiography system increase the patient's risk of radiation-induced cataract. Physical collimation is the most effective way of reducing the radiation dose to the patient's eye lens, but in instances where collimation is not possible, an attenuator may be useful in protecting the eyes. In this study, an eye lens protector was designed and fabricated to reduce the radiation dose to the patients’ eye lens during neuro-interventional procedures. The eye protector was characterised before being tested on its effectiveness in a simulated aneurysm procedure on an anthropomorphic phantom. Effects on the automatic dose rate control (ADRC) and image quality are also evaluated. The eye protector reduced the radiation dose by up to 62.1% at the eye lens. The eye protector is faintly visible in the fluoroscopy images and increased the tube current by a maximum of 3.7%. It is completely invisible in the acquisition mode and does not interfere with the clinical procedure. The eye protector placed within the radiation field of view was able to reduce the radiation dose to the eye lens by direct radiation beam of the lateral x-ray tube with minimal effect on the ADRC system. - Highlights: • The eye protector can considerably reduce the patient's eye lens dose during neuro-interventional procedures. • This protector does not significantly perturb the fluoroscopy image and was completely invisible on the acquisition image due to image subtraction. • The eye protector does not significantly change the exposure parameters (kV and mAs).

Association between stall surface and some animal welfare measurements in freestall dairy herds using recycled manure solids for bedding.

Science.gov (United States)

Husfeldt, A W; Endres, M I

2012-10-01

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between stall surface and some animal welfare measurements in upper Midwest US dairy operations using recycled manure solids as bedding material. The study included 34 dairy operations with herd sizes ranging from 130 to 3,700 lactating cows. Forty-five percent of the herds had mattresses and 55% had deep-bedded stalls. Farms were visited once between July and October 2009. At the time of visit, at least 50% of the cows in each lactating pen were scored for locomotion, hygiene, and hock lesions. On-farm herd records were collected for the entire year and used to investigate mortality, culling, milk production, and mastitis incidence. Stall surface was associated with lameness and hock lesion prevalence. Lameness prevalence (locomotion score ≥ 3 on a 1 to 5 scale) was lower in deep-bedded freestalls (14.4%) than freestalls with mattresses (19.8%). Severe lameness prevalence (locomotion score ≥ 4) was also lower for cows housed in deep-bedded freestalls (3.6%) than for cows housed in freestalls with mattresses (5.9%). In addition, the prevalence of hock lesions (hock lesion scores ≥ 2 on a 1 to 3 scale, with 1=no lesion, 2=hair loss or mild lesion, and 3=swelling or severe lesion) and severe hock lesions (hock lesion score=3) was lower in herds with deep-bedded freestalls (49.4%; 6.4%) than in herds with mattresses (67.3%; 13.2%). Herd turnover rates were not associated with stall surface; however, the percentage of removals due to voluntary (low milk production, disposition, and dairy) and involuntary (death, illness, injury, and reproductive) reasons was different between deep-bedded and mattress-based freestalls. Voluntary removals averaged 16% of all herd removals in deep-bedded herds, whereas in mattress herds, these removals were 8%. Other welfare measurements such as cow hygiene, mortality rate, mastitis incidence, and milk production were not associated with stall surface

Pressure Relief, Visco-Elastic Foam with Inflated Air? A Pilot Study in a Dutch Nursing Home

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Martin Van Leen

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objective: There is still little evidence regarding the type of mattress that is the best for preventing pressure ulcers (PUs. In a Dutch nursing home, a new type of overlay mattress (air inflated visco-elastic foam was tested to analyze the opportunity for replacement of the normally used static air overlay mattress in its three-step PU prevention protocol In this small pilot the outcome measures were: healing of a category one pressure ulcer, new development or deterioration of a category one PU and need for repositioning. Methods: We included 20 nursing home residents with a new category one pressure ulcer, existing for no longer than 48 h following a consecutive sampling technic. All residents were staying for more than 30 days in the nursing home and were lying on a visco-elastic foam mattress without repositioning (step one of the 3-step protocol at the start of the pilot study. They had not suffered from a PU in the month before. The intervention involved use of an air inflated foam overlay instead of a static air overlay (normally step 2 of the 3-step protocol. At the start; the following data were registered: age; gender; main diagnosis and presence of incontinence. Thereafter; all participating residents were checked weekly for PU healing tendency; deterioration of PUs; new PUs and need of repositioning. Only when residents showed still a category one PU after 48 h or deterioration of an existing pressure ulcer or if there was development of a new pressure ulcer, repositioning was put into practice (step 3 of the PU protocol. All residents participated during 8 weeks. Results: Seven residents developed a new pressure ulcer category one and still had a category one pressure ulcer at the end of the study period. One resident developed a pressure ulcer category 2. Fifteen residents needed repositioning from one week after start of the study until the end of the study. Conclusions: Overall 40% of the residents developed a pressure ulcer

Gonad protective effect of radiation protective apron in chest radiography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hashimoto, Masatoshi; Kato, Hideyuki; Fujibuchi, Toshiou; Ochi, Shigehiro; Morita, Fuminori

2004-01-01

Depending on the facility, a radiation protective apron (protector) is used to protect the gonad from radiation exposure in chest radiography. To determine the necessity of using a protector during chest radiography, we measured the effect of the protector on the gonad in this study. First, using a human body phantom, we measured the absorbed dose of the female gonad with and without the protector, using a thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), and confirmed its protective effect. Using the protector, the absorbed dose was reduced to 28±2% and 39±4% for field sizes of 14 x 17 inch and 14 x 14 inch, respectively. Next, we used Monte Carlo simulation and confirmed, not only the validity of the actual measurement values, but also the fact that the influence of radiation on the absorbed dose of the gonad was mostly from scattered radiation from inside the body for the 14 x 17 inch field size, and also from the X-ray tube for the 14 x 14 inch field size. Although a certain protective effect is achieved by using the protector, the radiation dose to the gonad is only a few μGy even without a protector. Thus, the risk of a genetic effect would be as small as 10 -8 . Given that acceptable risk is below 10 -6 , we conclude the use of a radiation protective apron is not necessary for diagnostic chest radiography. (author)

[Gonad protective effect of radiation protective apron in chest radiography].

Science.gov (United States)

Hashimoto, Masatoshi; Kato, Hideyuki; Fujibuchi, Toshiou; Ochi, Shigehiro; Morita, Fuminori

2004-12-01

Depending on the facility, a radiation protective apron (protector) is used to protect the gonad from radiation exposure in chest radiography. To determine the necessity of using a protector during chest radiography, we measured the effect of the protector on the gonad in this study. First, using a human body phantom, we measured the absorbed dose of the female gonad with and without the protector, using a thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), and confirmed its protective effect. Using the protector, the absorbed dose was reduced to 28+/-2% and 39+/-4% for field sizes of 14 x 17 inch and 14 x 14 inch, respectively. Next, we used Monte Carlo simulation and confirmed, not only the validity of the actual measurement values, but also the fact that the influence of radiation on the absorbed dose of the gonad was mostly from scattered radiation from inside the body for the 14 x 17 inch field size, and also from the X-ray tube for the 14 x 14 inch field size. Although a certain protective effect is achieved by using the protector, the radiation dose to the gonad is only a few microGy even without a protector. Thus, the risk of a genetic effect would be as small as 10(-8). Given that acceptable risk is below 10(-6), we conclude the use of a radiation protective apron is not necessary for diagnostic chest radiography.

Construcción en madera: influencia de los protectores de madera basados en sales hidrosolubles en la corrosión de herrajes metálicos

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Borrallo Jiménez, Milagrosa

2007-06-01

Full Text Available The hydrosoluble salts are one of the products used for the treatment in depth of the wood that come using for decades with excellent results. Nevertheless, realized investigations, principally with CCA, for Cross, J. and Bailey, G. (1989, among others, demonstrates that it can be corrosive for the metallic fasteners used in the construction in wood, because of some of the chemical products that they contain and the protection system with which Autoclave is applied. In Spain, the Real Decreto 1406/1989, that prohibits the marketing and the use of compounds of arsenic from 30/06/2004, except exceptions, has forced to the companies to replace definitively the products used up to this moment that were containing toxic substances as the chrome and the arsenic (CCB, CCA, etc. for products consisted of other not toxic substances, as the ACQ (salts of quaternary ammonium. Of these new products scanty information is had on their behaviour and specially, on their compatibility with the metals which are made the fasteners used for the current construction in wood. This work does a comparative study of the corrosive behaviour of three hydrosoluble protectors (CCA, CCB and ACQ towards different metals (galvanized steel and stainless steel. The evaluation has been realized across the result of a test of accelerated corrosion in the short time in artificial atmosphere of rapid corrosion. The conclusions of the work lead to affirm that the treatments of wood hydrosolubles accelerate the speed of corrosion of the metals, though with some differences between them.Las sales hidrosolubles son uno de los productos empleados para el tratamiento de la madera en profundidad que se vienen utilizando desde hace décadas con excelentes resultados. Sin embargo, investigaciones realizadas, principalmente con CCA, por Cross, J. & Bailey, G. (1989 entre otros, demuestran que pueden ser corrosivas para los herrajes metálicos empleados en la construcción en madera, a causa

A State-of-the-Art Review of Enhanced Personal Protection Equipment Options (Analyse de Pointe des Options en Matiere D’equipement de Protection Individuelle Accrue)

Science.gov (United States)

2007-03-01

A-26 8 Deltoid Auxillary Protectors (DAPs).........................................................................................A-27 9...8 Deltoid and Auxillary Protectors (DAPs) for Interceptor Body Armor (IBA) Product Description: DAP consists of two ambidextrous modular

Relaciones entre la crianza y factores protectores o de riesgo, antes y después de una intervención para padres

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Pedro Solís-Cámara

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: identificar las relaciones entre algunas dimensiones de la crianza y algunos factores que pueden ejercer influencia protectora o de riesgo para la socialización de los niños y analizar los cambios que fomenta un programa de intervención en crianza. Las dimensiones que fomenta el programa elegido son expectativas justas y prácticas disciplinarias y de crianza positivas; los factores elegidos para identificar las relaciones fueron los comportamientos pro sociales de los niños, su desarrollo psicosocial, sus comportamientos problema y su intensidad; así como el estrés y el coraje/agresión de los padres. Participaron padres con un niño de 3 a 5 años de edad, distribuidos en un grupo experimental, que incluyó a niños con problemas de conducta (n = 30, y un grupo control (n = 30. Los resultados apoyaron estudios anteriores indicando que las intervenciones tempranas modifican los problemas de comportamiento; además, indican que dos componentes en las experiencias de los niños están relacionados con los factores elegidos y que las relaciones son modificables: 1 las expectativas de los padres que se refieren a lo que los padres esperan de manera justa que sus niños hagan y 2 las prácticas disciplinarias de los padres para ejercer control sobre la conducta de sus niños. Claramente la investigación sobre las intervenciones basadas en las teorías del aprendizaje social puede implementarse exitosamente, pero falta mucho por saber en relación a los componentes óptimos que debiesen incluirse en tales intervenciones para favorecer más los beneficios de los factores protectores.

Reduction of radiation effects by chemical protector (WR-2721)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, C.H.; Kim, Y.K.; Yun, T.K.; Koh, J.H.

1985-01-01

As a part studies on effect of radiation, the present report was carried out to evaluate the changes of leukocytes, lymphocytes percent of leukocytes and several organs in swiss webster (NIH-GP) mice by radiation protective agents prior to γ-ray exposure. The whole body irradiation after administration of a radiation protective agents was done in dose level of 25,50,100 and 300 rads by a single exposure of γ-ray delivered from 60 Co, source tele-irradiation unit at a dose rate of 100 rad/min. Mice of each experimental group were whole body γ-irradiated in plastic cage with special producted rotating machine. The radiation protective agent was employed WR-2721 and the amounts injected intraperitoneally were 400mg/kg of body weight. The leukocytes were counted with hemocytometer. Differential count of leukocytes was done with 200 cells every smear and lymphocyte percent of leukocyte were determined in relative proportion only. All major organ were examined grossly and weighted. After fixation with formalin solution, histo-pathological preparations were made for microscopical study. (Author)

Comfort zone-design free stalls: do they influence the stall use behavior of lame cows?

Science.gov (United States)

Cook, N B; Marin, M J; Mentink, R L; Bennett, T B; Schaefer, M J

2008-12-01

The behavior of 59 cows in 4 herds, each with Comfort Zone-design free stalls with dimensions suitable for 700-kg, mature Holstein dairy cows, was filmed for a 48-h period. Comparison was made between nonlame, slightly lame, and moderately lame cows on either rubber-crumb-filled mattress stall surfaces bedded with a small amount of sawdust (2 herds) or a Pack Mat design, which consisted of a rubber-crumb-filled mattress pad installed 5 cm below a raised rear curb, bedded with 5 to 8 cm of sand bedding (2 herds). All other stall design components were similar. Despite adequate resting space and freedom to perform normal rising and lying movements, lame cows on mattresses stood in the stall for >2 h longer than nonlame cows. Although a significant increase in stall standing behavior was observed in lame cows on Pack Mat stalls, the mean (95% confidence interval) standing time in the stall was only 0.7 (0 to 3.0) h/d for nonlame cows and 1.6 (0 to 4.2) h/d for moderately lame cows, which was less than the 2.1 (0 to 4.4), 4.3 (1.6 to 6.9), and 4.9 (2.5 to 7.3) h/d spent standing in the stall for nonlame, slightly lame, and moderately lame cows on mattresses, respectively. This observation supports the hypothesis that it is the nature of the stall surface that dictates changes in stall standing behavior observed in lame cows, rather than other components of stall design. The finding that only 5 to 8 cm of sand over a mattress pad provides most of the benefits of deep sand-bedded stalls, along with other advantages related to stall maintenance and manure handling, gives farmers another useful housing alternative with which to improve cow comfort and well-being.

What is the best support surface in prevention and treatment, as of 2012, for a patient at risk and/or suffering from pressure ulcer sore? Developing French guidelines for clinical practice.

Science.gov (United States)

Colin, D; Rochet, J-M; Ribinik, P; Barrois, B; Passadori, Y; Michel, J-M

2012-10-01

The use of support surfaces in the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers prevention is an important part of care for a patient at risk and/or suffering from sore(s). Define which support surfaces to use in prevention and treatment of at-risk and/or pressure sore patients. A systematic review of the literature querying the several Pascal Biomed, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases from 2000 through 2010. RESULTS (GRADE A): In prevention, a structured foam mattress is more efficient than a standard hospital mattress. An alternating pressure mattress is more effective than a visco-elastic mattress limiting the occurrence heel pressure ulcers, but those that do occur are more serious. A low-air-loss bed is more efficient than a mixed pulsating air mattress in prevention of heel pressure ulcers. Some types of sheepskin can reduce sacral pressure ulcer incidence in orthopedic patients. Use of an overlay on an operating table limits the occurrence of peroperative and postoperative pressure ulcers. An air-fluidized bed improves pressure ulcer healing. The data in the literature are not always relevant and do not suffice to dictate a clinician's choices. We are compelled to recognize the methodological limitations of many studies, the lack of corporate interest in conducting such studies and the relatively small number of available trials. However, the effectiveness of some support surfaces reaches a sufficient level of evidence, especially when they are associated with postural, hydration and nutritional measures. Support surfaces are recommended in prevention and treatment of patients at risk and/or already suffering from pressure ulcer, and their use should constitute part of an overall preventive or curative strategy. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Factores protectores de las familias para prevenir el consumo de drogas en un municipio de Colombia Fatores protetores das famílias para prevenir o consumo de drogas em um município da Colômbia Protective factors for preventing the use of drugs in the families of a Colombia locality

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Núbia Medina Arias

2010-06-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores protectores de prevención del consumo de drogas, presentes en familias con niños que asisten a Hogares Comunitarios de Bienestar Familiar en un municipio colombiano. El estudio es de tipo descriptivo y cuantitativo transversal; la muestra estuvo constituida por 256 familias, seleccionadas por muestreo aleatorio simple. El instrumento para la recolección de datos fue un cuestionario aplicado durante los meses de marzo y abril de 2007, de forma autoaplicada. Se encontraron factores protectores como demostraciones de afecto con los hijos, jugar y hablar con ellos sobre lo que les gusta, comunicación fácil, toma de decisiones en pareja, adecuada flexibilidad durante la educación familiar, y existencia de normas. Por otro lado existen factores de riesgo como el consumo de drogas lícitas (cigarrillo y alcohol y bajo porcentaje de drogas ilícitas. Un alto porcentaje de familias considera que los padres, principalmente, deben tomar medidas de prevención en los primeros años de vida del niño. Los factores protectores encontrados deben ser reforzados, debido a que no son muy fuertes; también, se deben controlar los factores de riesgo encontrados para convertirlos en factores protectores.O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os fatores protetores, visando prevenir o consumo de drogas, presente nas famílias de crianças atendidas nos Lares Comunitários do Bem-estar Familiar, em um município colombiano. Esta pesquisa é de cunho quantitativo descritivo transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 256 famílias selecionadas por amostra aleatória simples. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário usado no período de março a abril de 2007, de forma autoaplicavel. Foram encontrados fatores protetores como demonstrações de afeto com os filhos, brincar e falar com eles sobre o que eles gostam, a fácil comunicação, tomada de decisões pelo casal, adequada flexibilidade na cria

FACTORES PROTECTORES DE LA SALUD MENTAL: UN ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO SOBRE VALORES, AUTOESTIMA E INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN POBLACIÓN CLÍNICA Y POBLACIÓN GENERAL

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VANESA C. GÓNGORA

2009-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo que se informa fue realizar un estudio comparativo de tres factores protectores de la salud mental: inteligencia emocional, valores y autoestima entre 60 pacientes diagnosticados con trastornos de ansiedad y/o depresión y 60 sujetos de población normal. Así la muestra total quedó conformada por 120 sujetos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: la Escala de Valores de Schwartz (1992, la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional Bar-On (1997, la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (1965, la Escala de Ansiedad STAI-rasgo (Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg & Jacobs, 1983 y la Escala de Depresión de Beck-II (Beck, Steer & Brown, 2006. Los resultados indicaron que Autoestima y un aspecto de la inteligencia emocional, Felicidad, fueron las variables que mejor distinguieron al grupo clínico del grupo de población general. Dos componentes de la inteligencia emocional, Manejo de Estrés y Estado de Animo, distinguieron claramente entre sujetos con alta y baja ansiedad. Ambas dimensiones permitieron identificar correctamente a un 91.7% de sujetos con alta ansiedad. Un bajo nivel de valores de Autotrascendencia, una alta Autoestima y una alta dimensión del Estado de Animo de la inteligencia emocional permitieron distinguir un 85.3% de los pacientes con alta y baja depresión. Los resultados están en consonancia con los principios de la Psicología Positiva, en tanto que aspectos positivos también contribuyen a las variables patológicas y por lo tanto pueden fortalecerse a través de intervenciones positivas.

Pressure Ulcer Prevention

Science.gov (United States)

2009-01-01

��23.4) 13.1–25.7 (3100) All health care settings 26 (25.2–26.8) 13.1–53.3 (7774) * CI indicates confidence interval. † Nonacute care included sub-acute care, chronic care, complex continuing care, long-term care, and nursing home care. ‡ Mixed health care includes a mixture of acute, nonacute, and/or community care health care delivery settings. Pressure ulcers have a considerable economic impact on health care systems. In Australia, the cost of treating a single stage IV ulcer has been estimated to be greater than $61,000 (AUD) (approximately $54,000 CDN), (3) while in the United Kingdom the total cost of pressure ulcers has been estimated at £1.4–£2.1 billion annually or 4% of the National Health Service expenditure. (4) Because of the high physical and economic burden of pressure ulcers, this review was undertaken to determine which interventions are effective at preventing the development of pressure ulcers in an at-risk population. Review Strategy The main objective of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness of pressure ulcer preventive interventions including Risk Assessment, Distribution Devices, Nutritional Supplementation, Repositioning, and Incontinence Management. A comprehensive literature search was completed for each of the above 5 preventive interventions. The electronic databases searched included MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. As well, the bibliographic references of selected studies were searched. All studies meeting explicit inclusion and exclusion criteria for each systematic review section were retained and the quality of the body of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. (5) Where appropriate, a meta-analysis was undertaken to determine the overall estimate of effect of the preventive intervention under review

Comparative Evaluation of Spectral Transmittance of Some Welding Glasses with ANSI Z87.1

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saeed Rahmani

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Background: Welding emits harmful rays to the eyes. We evaluate and compare the UV, blue light and IR transmittance characteristics of some currently available welding safety protectors with ANSI Z87.1 criteria.Materials and Methods: Three type of welding safety protectors (three of each type have been evaluated for spectral transmittance. One-sample T-test was performed to establish is there a statistically significant difference between the standard criteria and UV, blue and IR regions for the welding protectors (α=0.05.Results: In ultraviolet (UV (far and near region, two types of the tested protectors (P1, P2 transmitted lower than the maximum allowable value specified in the standard (P<0.001. In infrared (IR spectrum only one type (P3 transmitted lower than the maximum allowable value specified in the standard (P<0.001. In blue light region, all of the tested protectors transmitted lower than the maximum allowable value specified in the standard (P<0.001.Conclusion: Although all of the tested glasses could meet some parts of the criteria, but none of them could meet the complete spectral transmittance requirements of ANSI Z87.1.

Novel bed integrated ventilation method for hospital patient rooms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bivolarova, Mariya Petrova; Melikov, Arsen Krikor; Kokora, Monika

2014-01-01

This study presents a novel method for advanced ventilation of hospital wards leading to improved air quality at reduced ventilation rate. The idea is to evacuate the bio-effluents generated from patients’ body by local exhaustion before being spread in the room. This concept was realized by using...... a mattress having a suction opening from which bio-effluents generated from human body are exhausted. Experiments were conducted in a full-scale two-bed hospital room mock-up, 4.7 x 5.3 x 2.6 m3 (W x L x H). Only one of the patients’ beds was equipped with the ventilated mattress. The room was air...... conditioned via mixing total volume ventilation system supplying air through a ceiling mounted diffuser. All experiments were performed at room air temperature of 23ºC. A thermal manikin was used to simulate a polluting patient on the bed equipped with the ventilated mattress. Two heated dummies were used...

Risk and protective factors associated with gang-involved youth in Trinidad and Tobago Factores de riesgo y factores protectores asociados con la participación de los adolescentes en pandillas en Trinidad y Tabago

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Charles M. Katz

2010-03-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence of gang involvement, the risk and protective factors associated with gang involvement, and the association between gang involvement and exposure to multiple risk and protective factors among school-aged youth in Trinidad and Tobago. METHODS: A survey instrument was administered to 2 206 students enrolled in 22 high-risk, urban public schools, from March-June 2006. It measured 30 risk factors and 13 protective factors within four domains: community, school, family, and peer-individual, plus levels of alcohol/drug use and delinquency. RESULTS: About 7.7% of youth reported being a gang associate; 6.8%, a former gang member; and 6.2%, a current gang member. Gang involvement was associated with perceived availability of handguns, residential mobility, having parents who favor antisocial behavior, early initiation of antisocial behavior, intention to use drugs, having antisocial peers, and having peers who use drugs. Those with social skills, belief in moral order, and interactions with prosocial peers were significantly less likely to self-report gang membership. Additionally, the probability of gang involvement increased as the number of risk factors increased. CONCLUSIONS: Gang membership among public school youth is about as prevalent in Trinidad and Tobago as it is in the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, but further research is needed. Although risk factors associated with gang involvement were present in all four domains, peer-individual risk factors were disproportionately likely to be associated with gang status. The most effective gang prevention strategies might be those that focus on multiple risk factors, with an emphasis on peer-individual factors and promoting a "belief in moral order."OBJETIVOS: Examinar la prevalencia de la participación en pandillas, los factores de riesgo y los factores protectores asociados con la participación en pandillas, y la asociación entre la participaci

Fatores protetores e de risco para depresão da mulher após o aborto Factores protectores y de riesgo para la depresión de mujeres después del aborto Protection and risk factors for women's depression after abortion

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mariana Gondim Mariutti

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivou-se identificar fatores de risco e proteção para depressão em decorrência do abortamento. Metodologia qualitativa com depoimentos de 13 mulheres. Os discursos foram analisados e possibilitaram a construção de duas categorias temáticas: fatores de risco e protetores. Os fatores de risco estão associados à precárias condições sócio-econômicas e afetivas; drogas; prostituição; falta de apoio social e familiar; violência. Nos fatores protetores observam-se presença de condições sócio-econômicas favoráveis à criação dos filhos; apoio familiar (especialmente do companheiro e social; profissão e trabalho. O reconhecimento desses aspectos abre caminhos para dar melhores cuidados às mulheres em abortamento.Estudio cualitativo que tuvo como objetivo identificar factores de riesgo y protección para depresión causada por el abortamiento. Declaraciones de 13 mujeres fueron analizadas y posibilitaron la construcción de dos categorías temáticas: factores de riesgo y protectores. Los factores de riesgo están asociados a las precarias condiciones socio-económicas y afectivas; drogas; prostitución; falta de apoyo social y familiar; violencia. En los factores protectores se observó la presencia de condiciones socio-económicas favorables a la creación de los hijos; apoyo social y familiar (especialmente del compañero; profesión y trabajo. El reconocimiento de esos aspectos abre caminos para dar mejor atención a las mujeres en abortamiento.This qualitative study aimed to identify risk and protection factors for depression caused by abortion; statements of 13 women were analyzed. Their reports were analyzed and enabled the construction of two thematic categories: risk and protection factors. The risk factors are associated to the precarious socio-economic and affective conditions; drugs; prostitution; lack of family and social support; violence. Socio-economic conditions favorable to raising children; social and

76 FR 59014 - Standard for the Flammability of Mattresses and Mattress Pads; Technical Amendment

Science.gov (United States)

2011-09-23

... of the Standard; rather, SRM usage ensures continuity of a reliably high PFLB with low variability in... demonstrates that the PFLB performance of commercial cigarettes is subject to significant variability that can... industry has sufficient test data to support the hypothesis that RIP cigarettes consistently self...

Associations of soft flooring materials in free stalls with milk yield, clinical mastitis, teat lesions, and removal of dairy cows.

Science.gov (United States)

Ruud, L E; Bøe, K E; Osterås, O

2010-04-01

The objective was to test if there was an association between free-stall base softness and milk yield, incidence of clinical mastitis (CM), teat lesions, and removal of cows. In a questionnaire sent to 1,923 dairy farms presumed to be using free-stall housing, farmers were asked for information regarding housing and stall base; for example, the year of installation and the product name or brand of their mats or mattresses. This information was merged with data for milk yield, CM, teat lesions, and removal of cows extracted from the Norwegian Dairy Herd Recording System for the years after installation of mats or mattresses. After exclusion of invalid contributions, the data set consisted of 29,326 lactations for milk yield distributed over 363 free-stalled herds in Norway. The farms were stratified into 5 categories according to the softness of the stall surface measured as millimeter impact of a sphere with a diameter of 120 mm at 2-kN load: 1=concrete, softness of 0mm; 2=rubber, softness of 1 to 8mm; 3=soft mats, softness of 9 to 16 mm; 4=multilayer mats, softness of 17 to 24 mm; and 5=mattresses, softness over 24 mm. Lactation curves were estimated as modified Wood's lactation curves using test-day data and mixed models with repeated measurements, adjusting for days in milk, parity, and softness of free-stall flooring. Herds on concrete free-stall bases yielded 6,727+/-146 kg of milk from 5 to 305 days in milk. In comparison, herds showed a decrease of 0.3% on rubber, an increase of 2.4% on soft mats, an increase of 4.5% on multilayer mats, and an increase of 3.9% on mattresses. Compared with concrete, the hazard ratio (HR) of CM was less on rubber, multilayer mats, and mattresses [HR=0.89 (0.79-0.99), 0.85 (0.73-0.996), and 0.80 (0.73-0.88), respectively]. Compared with concrete, the HR of teat lesions was less on rubber, soft mats, multilayer mats, and mattresses [HR=0.41 (0.26-0.65), 0.33 (0.24-0.44), 0.12 (0.04-0.38), and 0.47 (0.33-0.67), respectively]. The

Value-based stakeholder loyalty toward sport technology. A case of the electronic body protector and scoring system in taekwondo events. [Lealtad de los stakeholders hacia la tecnología deportiva basada en el valor percibido. El caso del protector pectoral electrónico y del sistema de puntuación en eventos de taekwondo].

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yong Jae Ko

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Only a few studies have examined issues related to sport stakeholders’ (e.g., athletes’, spectators’, and coaches’ perceived value of technology products and its influence on the purchase intention of sport technology. The model of value-based stakeholders’ loyalty toward sport technology (MVLST is offered to inform customer purchase intentions of technology-based products by proposing theoretical relationships between perceived value, brand attitude, and purchase intention. The MVLST leverages core aspects of the technology acceptance model (TAM and salient product attributes as quality, price, and innovativeness to develop the perceived value of sport technology (PVST. To test the theoretical relationships proposed in MVLST, a structural equation model was performed. Finally, multi-group SEM was employed to examine the moderating effect of consumer involvement. A total of 341 useful cases were collected from key stakeholders (e.g., spectators, coaches, and athletes attending the 2010 US Open Taekwondo Championship; the technology-based product assessed by these survey participants was the electronic body protector and scoring system. The results of this analysis demonstrate that: (i Usefulness, quality, and price are important value dimensions for attitude; (ii conative loyalty (i.e., purchase intention toward a sport technology occurs as consumers develop positive value perceptions and attitude toward the product; and (iii the purchase intention of high vs. low involvement groups is dissimilarly influenced by the proposed value dimensions. From a theoretical perspective, the current study sheds light on the importance of attitude as a mediating variable and involvement as a moderating variable. Resumen Hasta el momento, solo unos pocos estudios han examinado temas relacionados con el valor percibido de stakeholders (ej. atletas, espectadores, y entrenadores sobre productos tecnológicos y su influencia en las intenciones de compra

Prevention of pressure ulcers with a static air support surface: A systematic review.

Science.gov (United States)

Serraes, Brecht; van Leen, Martin; Schols, Jos; Van Hecke, Ann; Verhaeghe, Sofie; Beeckman, Dimitri

2018-03-05

The aims of this study were to identify, assess, and summarise available evidence about the effectiveness of static air mattress overlays to prevent pressure ulcers. The primary outcome was the incidence of pressure ulcers. Secondary outcomes included costs and patient comfort. This study was a systematic review. Six electronic databases were consulted: Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed (Medline), CINAHL (EBSCOhost interface), Science direct, and Web of Science. In addition, a hand search through reviews, conference proceedings, and the reference lists of the included studies was performed to identify additional studies. Potential studies were reviewed and assessed by 2 independent authors based on the title and abstract. Decisions regarding inclusion or exclusion of the studies were based on a consensus between the authors. Studies were included if the following criteria were met: reporting an original study; the outcome was the incidence of pressure ulcer categories I to IV when using a static air mattress overlay and/or in comparison with other pressure-redistribution device(s); and studies published in English, French, and Dutch. No limitation was set on study setting, design, and date of publication. The methodological quality assessment was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Tool. Results were reported in a descriptive way to reflect the exploratory nature of the review. The searches included 13 studies: randomised controlled trials (n = 11) and cohort studies (n = 2). The mean pressure ulcer incidence figures found in the different settings were, respectively, 7.8% pressure ulcers of categories II to IV in nursing homes, 9.06% pressure ulcers of categories I to IV in intensive care settings, and 12% pressure ulcers of categories I to IV in orthopaedic wards. Seven comparative studies reported a lower incidence in the groups of patients on a static air mattress overlay. Three studies reported a statistical (P pressure ulcers. There

A Feasibility Study for Measuring Accurate Chest Compression Depth and Rate on Soft Surfaces Using Two Accelerometers and Spectral Analysis

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Sofía Ruiz de Gauna

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR feedback devices are being increasingly used. However, current accelerometer-based devices overestimate chest displacement when CPR is performed on soft surfaces, which may lead to insufficient compression depth. Aim. To assess the performance of a new algorithm for measuring compression depth and rate based on two accelerometers in a simulated resuscitation scenario. Materials and Methods. Compressions were provided to a manikin on two mattresses, foam and sprung, with and without a backboard. One accelerometer was placed on the chest and the second at the manikin’s back. Chest displacement and mattress displacement were calculated from the spectral analysis of the corresponding acceleration every 2 seconds and subtracted to compute the actual sternal-spinal displacement. Compression rate was obtained from the chest acceleration. Results. Median unsigned error in depth was 2.1 mm (4.4%. Error was 2.4 mm in the foam and 1.7 mm in the sprung mattress (p<0.001. Error was 3.1/2.0 mm and 1.8/1.6 mm with/without backboard for foam and sprung, respectively (p<0.001. Median error in rate was 0.9 cpm (1.0%, with no significant differences between test conditions. Conclusion. The system provided accurate feedback on chest compression depth and rate on soft surfaces. Our solution compensated mattress displacement, avoiding overestimation of compression depth when CPR is performed on soft surfaces.

Hearing Protection and Hearing Symptoms in Danish Symphony Orchestras

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Laitinen, Heli; Poulsen, Torben

2006-01-01

A study about hearing protectors, problems involving hearing protector usage, hearing problems and working surroundings of classical musicians was made in three Danish symphony orchestras. The questionnaire used in the study was based on a previous study, a study made in Sweden to rock musicians,...

Factores protectores frente al consumo de alcohol: concepción de maestros de nivel inicial Fatores protetores frente ao consumo de álcool: percepção de professores de educação básica Protection factors against alcohol consumption as perceived by basic education teachers

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Juana Beatriz Sigampa

2005-10-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación busca comprender la concepción de maestros de nivel inicial sobre los factores protectores frente al consumo de alcohol, basándose en los modelos teóricos de Resiliencia y Promoción de la Salud. De enfoque metodológico cualitativo, exploratorio, aplica entrevistas semi-estructuradas y observación no estructurada a una muestra de 25 maestras. Del análisis de contenido de los datos surgen tres categorías temáticas: Significado de Alcohol/Alcoholismo - interpretado como sustancia nociva y situación problema socio-cultural -; La Escuela como Espacio de Protección Frente al Consumo de Alcohol; El Maestro como Agente de Protección. Se asocia protección con informar hasta cuidar. El maestro entiende su función desde orientador hasta consejero/protector, para la cual, mayoritariamente, no se siente preparado fundamentándose en déficits psicopedagógicos, cognocistivos, jurídico-legales y por propios prejuicios sobre alcoholismo. Los resultados confirman los presupuestos de la investigación relativos al maestro y contexto escolar.O objetivo desta pesquisa é entender a percepção de professores de educação básica sobre os fatores que protegem contra o consumo de álcool. Foi adotada uma metodologia qualitativa do tipo exploratório, com entrevistas semi-estruturadas e observação não-estruturada aplicadas a uma amostra de 25 professoras. A análise de conteúdo dos dados levantou três categorias temáticas: Significado de Álcool/Alcoolismo; A Escola como Espaço de Proteção contra o Consumo de Álcool; o Professor como Agente de Proteção. O primeiro é interpretado como uma substância nociva e uma situação problema sócio-cultural. A proteção é associada com informar, comunicar, educar, ou cuidar. Portanto, o professor compreende sua função como cobrindo desde orientador até conselheiro ou protetor. A maioria não se sente preparada para desempenhá-la, fundamentando-se em déficits psicopedag

Cat, dog and house dust mite allergen levels on children's soft toys.

Science.gov (United States)

Wu, Francis Fu-Sheng; Wu, Mei-Wen; Ting, Ming-Hui; Crane, Julian; Siebers, Rob

2014-02-01

Children's soft toys are known to harbour house dust mite (HDM) allergens, but little is known whether they harbour cat or dog allergens. The objective of the study was to measure cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1) and HDM allergens on children's soft toys. Dust was collected from 40 children's soft toys and their mattresses. Data were collected on pet ownership. Dust samples were analysed for Fel d 1, Can f 1, Der p 1 and Der f 1 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and results are expressed as median levels with inter-quartile ranges. Thirty-five (87.5%) soft toys had detectable Fel d 1 levels (median: 0.73 µg/g; inter-quartile range: 0.26-2.56 µg/g) while 34 (85%) had detectable Can f 1 levels (1.20 µg/g; 0.53-2.68). Correspondingly, 32 (80%) mattresses had detectable Fel d 1 levels (0.18 µg/g, 0.07-1.01) while 34 (85%) had detectable Can f 1 levels (0.50 µg/g; 0.33-1.06). All mattresses and soft toys had detectable HDM allergen (Der p 1 + Der f 1) levels with soft toys containing about three times higher levels than mattresses. In homes with cats (n = 10) Fel d 1 levels were higher on soft toys than homes without cats (2.49 versus 0.48 µg/g; p = 0.0009). In homes with dogs (n = 25) Can f 1 levels were generally higher on soft toys (1.38 versus 0.63 µg/g; p = 0.10). This study has shown that soft toys can harbour cat and dog allergen as well as HDM allergens, some with very high levels. Cat and dog ownership resulted in higher Fel d 1 and Can f 1 levels on soft toys and mattresses. The levels of Fel d 1, Can f 1 and HDM allergens on soft toys could be of importance to sensitized asthmatic children.

Factores de riesgo y protectores del bullying escolar en estudiantes con bajo rendimiento de cinco instituciones educativas de Santa Marta, Colombia

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F. Robert Ferrel Ortega

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo caracterizar factores del bullying escolar en estudiantes de 10° con bajo rendimiento, de cinco colegios del Núcleo Educativo N° 5 del Distrito de Santa Marta. El tipo de investigación es descriptiva, con diseño transversal y se trabajó con una población de 582 estudiantes y una muestra de 186, a quienes se les aplicó la Escala MESSY (The Matson Evaluation of Social Skills in Youngsters, de Matson, Rotatori y Helsel, 1983, previa validación en población escolar para este estudio. Los datos fueron procesados mediante el SPSS 17.0v. Se halló una concentración de altos porcentajes en el rango medio de los seis factores que mide la Escala: habilidades sociales adecuadas (59 %, asertividad inadecuada (77 %, impulsividad (75 %, sobreconfianza (49 %, celos/soledad (81 %, y Varios (83 %. Se concluyó que no existe bullying en esta población, pero se hallaron dos factores de riesgo: impulsividad (19 % y soledad (16 %; y, un factor protector (habilidades sociales adecuadas, 31 %. Se recomienda aplicar programas de prevención centrados en estos tres últimos factores. Abstract To characterize factors related to bullying in tenth grade students with low performance, taken as reference 5 from schools district No. 5 in Santa Marta. A cross-sectional study is conducted; 582 students and 186 students sampled, to whom a MESSY (Matson Evaluation of Social Skills in Youngsters de Matson Rotatori y Helsel 1983. Scale was applied, previous validity in school population for this research. Data was processed using SPSS 17.0v a highest percentages of 6 factors measured by Adequate Social Skills Scale in average level (59 %, inadequate assertiveness (77 %, impulsivity (75 %, overconfidence (49 %, jealousy/loneliness and others (83 %: As a conclusion, there is no bullying in this population, but two risk factors were found: impulsivity (19 % and loneliness (16 %; and protective factor (adequate

Survey Situation and Factors Affect on Hearing Protection Large Industry Workers of Hamadan City in 2001-2002

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F. Emami

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Noise induced hearing loss in adults is the most cause of sensory neural hearing loss after the presbycusis and industry workers severity affect by degenerative results of that. Three large works of Hamadan city which had more than 200 Workers were selected in this demonstrative quest . The mean of sound pressure level evaluated with sound level meter which amount to 82-95 dB. Total exposed workers with higher noise than 85 dB evaluated by pure tone audiometery and otoscopic evaluation and the means of hearing thresholds in four frequency :0.5,1,2,4 kHz balanced with previously . Method of concentration data was direct observation and questionnaire . 809 workers in local works exposed to invasive noise . 20.02% of them hadn’t any hearing protector and 79.98% had , which combinated of wax or dry cotton and fiber glass (76.20%, earplug (7.42%and earmuff(16.38%. The means of hearing thresholds workers with protector equal to 43.36 dB and without that was equal to 44.03 dB (t=0.29, Pv<0.05. Highest percentage quantity in two groups related to age –bracket 40-49 years old. Women with protection(9.43%were more than without protector(3.7% while the most percentage related to men without protector (96.3% in contrast to 90.57%.In totally highest percentage quantity of NIHL was in workers with past-working more than 15 years (67.54% with protector , 67.28%without protector. For awareness of degenerative results the noise in hearing large industry workers of Hamadan city 75% insignificant and 25% had efficient awareness . Not using of protectors by 20.2% of worker showing light awareness to degenerative results of noise on hearing system and poor educational healthing and noting difference in means of hearing loss at protected group on basis duration of using that, strikes the process of hearing conservation program is superficial.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

... Spilostethus pandurus in the wadis of the St Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai Abstract · Vol 10 (2008) - Articles Ecological studies of some insects associated with Bedouin settlements in St Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt. Abstract · Vol 11 (2009) - Articles Patterns of resource use by milkweed insects in Sinai

Genetic variability in the population of the endemic bee Anthophora ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The genetic diversity and spatial genetic population structure of the solitary bee Anthophora pauperata Walker 1871, a species endemic to St Katherine Protectorate, were studied by RAPD markers in seven wadis in the St Katherine Protectorate, South Sinai, Egypt. High levels of genetic diversity were found, mostly within ...

7 CFR 1755.397 - RUS performance specification for line concentrators.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... part 51. Copies of these standards are available for inspection during normal business hours at RUS.... (ii) There should be provisions for such types of lines as ground start, loop start, regular... surface of the protectors. Means for easy identification of pairs shall be provided. (v) Protectors shall...

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Sentinel behaviour and the watchman\\'s call in the Chukar at St Katherine Protectorate, Sinai, Egypt Abstract · Vol 7 (2005) - Articles Monitoring birds, reptiles and butterflies in the St Katherine Protectorate, Egypt Abstract PDF · Vol 11 (2009) - Articles Biodiversity Economics: The Value of Pollination Services to Egypt

Effects of bedding systems selected by manual muscle testing on sleep and sleep-related respiratory disturbances.

Science.gov (United States)

Tsai, Ling-Ling; Liu, Hau-Min

2008-03-01

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of applying manual muscle testing (MMT) for bedding selection and examined the bedding effect on sleep. Four lay testers with limited training in MMT performed muscle tests for the selection of the bedding systems from five different mattresses and eight different pillows for 14 participants with mild sleep-related respiratory disturbances. For each participant individually, two bedding systems-one inducing stronger muscle forces and the other inducing weaker forces-were selected. The tester-participant pairs showed 85% and 100% agreement, respectively, for the selection of mattresses and pillows that induced the strongest muscle forces. The firmness of the mattress and the height of the pillow were significantly correlated with the body weight and body mass index of the participants for the selected strong bedding system but not for the weak bedding system. Finally, differences were observed between the strong and the weak bedding systems with regard to sleep-related respiratory disturbances and the percentage of slow-wave sleep. It was concluded that MMT can be performed by inexperienced testers for the selection of bedding systems.

Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention.

Science.gov (United States)

McInnes, Elizabeth; Jammali-Blasi, Asmara; Bell-Syer, Sally E M; Dumville, Jo C; Middleton, Victoria; Cullum, Nicky

2015-09-03

Pressure ulcers (i.e. bedsores, pressure sores, pressure injuries, decubitus ulcers) are areas of localised damage to the skin and underlying tissue. They are common in the elderly and immobile, and costly in financial and human terms. Pressure-relieving support surfaces (i.e. beds, mattresses, seat cushions etc) are used to help prevent ulcer development. This systematic review seeks to establish:(1) the extent to which pressure-relieving support surfaces reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers compared with standard support surfaces, and,(2) their comparative effectiveness in ulcer prevention. In April 2015, for this fourth update we searched The Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (searched 15 April 2015) which includes the results of regular searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 3). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-randomised trials, published or unpublished, that assessed the effects of any support surface for prevention of pressure ulcers, in any patient group or setting which measured pressure ulcer incidence. Trials reporting only proxy outcomes (e.g. interface pressure) were excluded. Two review authors independently selected trials. Data were extracted by one review author and checked by another. Where appropriate, estimates from similar trials were pooled for meta-analysis. For this fourth update six new trials were included, bringing the total of included trials to 59.Foam alternatives to standard hospital foam mattresses reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers in people at risk (RR 0.40 95% CI 0.21 to 0.74). The relative merits of alternating- and constant low-pressure devices are unclear. One high-quality trial suggested that alternating-pressure mattresses may be more cost effective than alternating-pressure overlays in a UK context.Pressure-relieving overlays on the operating table reduce postoperative pressure ulcer incidence

Oral radiation protector appliance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Persico, T.M.; Dudas, R.M.; Shusta, G.W.

1982-01-01

An appliance for protecting teeth, gingiva, periodontal or alveola bone, salivary glands, and adjacent body areas against the harmful side effects of radiation therapy consists of an intraoral portion and an extraoral portion that may be selectively attached. The intraoral portion is substantially u-shaped to encompass the teeth and adjacent areas. The intraoral part may be made of lead sheet coated with plastic; the extraoral portion may be of lead sheet

40 CFR 211.204-3 - Label location and type.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... packaging if the label complying with § 211.204-3(a)(1) is not visible at the point of ultimate purchase or...) If the protector is individually packaged and so displayed at the point of ultimate purchase or... the protector is displayed at the point of ultimate purchase or distribution to prospective users in a...

Phase I trials of WR2721 in combination with radiation therapy and with the alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kligerman, M.M.; Blumberg, A.L.; Glick, J.H.; Nelson, D.F.; Glover, D.; Yuhas, J.M.; Amols, H.I.; Goodman, R.L.

Three phase I trials of the radioprotector S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR2721) have accessed 60 patients. Study 1 is devised to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a single dose of the protector 15 to 30 minutes before a single radiation treatment of a size used routinely in palliative management. Study 2 plans to determine the MTD for up to 15 daily doses of the drug over 3 weeks during palliative radiotherapy. Also, the multipe-dose study will establish the MTD before palliative irradiation for fewer than five fractions a week. Study 3 uses the existing single-dose MTD determined in Study 1 as pretreatment 15 to 30 minutes before cyclophosphamide or cis-platinum. Toxic symptoms include emesis, hypotension, hypertension, somnolence, and sneezing. Only one serious episode of hypotension, considered idiosyncratic, and one instance of moderate to severe vomiting have occurred. Forty-one patients have been entered in Study 1 and a dose of 600 mg/m2 has been reached. The next step is to proceed to the planned highest level of 740 mg/m2. Of five patients in the multiple-dose study, one has been given, without toxicity, WR2721 at the level of 100 mg/m2 for 15 fractions over 3 weeks. Fourteen patients are accessed to the alkylating agent study. Using protector doses of 450 mg/m2, a cyclophosphamide level of 1500 mg/m2 has been accomplished. However, two of three patients who received 450 mg/m2 of WR2721 before 120 mg/m2 of cis-platinum have shown moderate elevation of the serum creatinine, both of which returned to normal.

Phase I trials of WR2721 in combination with radiation therapy and with the alkylating agents cyclophosphamide and cis-platinum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kligerman, M.M.; Blumberg, A.L.; Glick, J.H.; Nelson, D.F.; Glover, D.; Yuhas, J.M.; Amols, H.I.; Goodman, R.L.

1981-01-01

Three phase I trials of the radioprotector S-2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR2721) have accessed 60 patients. Study 1 is devised to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a single dose of the protector 15 to 30 minutes before a single radiation treatment of a size used routinely in palliative management. Study 2 plans to determine the MTD for up to 15 daily doses of the drug over 3 weeks during palliative radiotherapy. Also, the multipe-dose study will establish the MTD before palliative irradiation for fewer than five fractions a week. Study 3 uses the existing single-dose MTD determined in Study 1 as pretreatment 15 to 30 minutes before cyclophosphamide or cis-platinum. Toxic symptoms include emesis, hypotension, hypertension, somnolence, and sneezing. Only one serious episode of hypotension, considered idiosyncratic, and one instance of moderate to severe vomiting have occurred. Forty-one patients have been entered in Study 1 and a dose of 600 mg/m2 has been reached. The next step is to proceed to the planned highest level of 740 mg/m2. Of five patients in the multiple-dose study, one has been given, without toxicity, WR2721 at the level of 100 mg/m2 for 15 fractions over 3 weeks. Fourteen patients are accessed to the alkylating agent study. Using protector doses of 450 mg/m2, a cyclophosphamide level of 1500 mg/m2 has been accomplished. However, two of three patients who received 450 mg/m2 of WR2721 before 120 mg/m2 of cis-platinum have shown moderate elevation of the serum creatinine, both of which returned to normal

Radiation therapy for malignant lid tumor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Totsuka, Seiichi; Itsuno, Hajime

1991-01-01

The case of a 42-year-old man with Meibomian gland carcinoma in his right lower lid is reported. The tumor found in the nasal part of the lower lid, was 12 mm x 13 mm in size. First, surgical resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis of the frozen section was 'undifferentiated basal cell epithelioma'. Second, cryotherapy was performed all over the cut surface. Later, the permanent section was pathologically diagnosed as 'undifferentiated Meibomian gland carcinoma'. Total 50 Gy irradiation therapy was therefore performed using a 9 Mev Linac electron beam, 25 x 20 mm field, with a lead protector for the cornea and lens. A lead contact lens did not afford good results because it was too easily shifted on the cornea, owing to its weight. Therefore, we made a racket-shaped lead protector. Fixed well with tape, this protector afforded good protective effect. Three years after treatment, the patient has good visual function, with no recurrence. This racket-shaped lead protector is thought to be useful in radiation therapy for malignant lid tumors. (author)

Efecto protector en cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum comparado con silimarina

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Jorge Arroyo

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia protectora del extracto etanólico de hojas de Piper aduncum (matico y su fitomedicamento en cápsulas, en la cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas. Diseño: Experimental. Lugar: Facultad Medicina, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material biológico: Hojas de Piper aduncum, y Rattus norvegicus, cepa Holtzman. Intervenciones: Las hojas fueron recolectadas en el distrito de Huariaca, departamento de Pasco. El fitomedicamento en cápsulas se preparó a partir del extracto etanólico de la planta. La cirrosis fue inducida con fenobarbital 0,5 mg/mL, diluida en el agua de beber por 15 días, y luego, tetracloruro de carbono 0,2mL/kg en aceite de oliva 1:1, oralmente por 7 días. Se colectó una muestra de sangre para determinar perfil hepático y malondialdehído; los animales fueron sacrificados extrayéndose el hígado para estudio histopatológico. Los datos fueron evaluados mediante técnicas multivariadas, con valor p < 0,05. Principales medidas de resultados: Grado de lesión hepática, marcadores bioquímicos, estrés oxidativo. Resultados: El extracto y el fitomedicamento a 200 mg/kg disminuyeron los valores de TGP (p < 0,621, bilirrubina total (p < 0,385 y bilirrubina directa (p < 0,283 e incrementaron las proteínas totales (p < 0,539 y albúmina (p < 0,114, similar al grupo silimarina. El colágeno, la fibrosis y el nivel de daño hepático se vieron aumentados con tetracloruro de carbono; estos indicadores se redujeron con los diferentes tratamientos y la silimarina. El marcador de estrés oxidativo se redujo con los tratamientos aplicados (p < 0,002. Conclusiones: El extracto etanólico de las hojas de Piper aduncum (matico y su fitomedicamento ejercieron efecto protector de la cirrosis inducida en ratas, comparativamente con la silimarina.

Effect of caffeine on the parameters of the motive and gamma-irradiated DNA molecules

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Osipov, N.D.; Kondrat'eva, O.P.; Erisman, Eh.V.

1979-01-01

The binding of caffeine with DNA and its pole as a DNA molecule protector against radiational damage have been studied. It is shown that with the ratio of DNA and caffeine concentrations used no complex formation occurs. The irradiation of the DNA solution by 1 krad dose of γ-rays causes only a few single-strand breaks which leads to the decrease in the volume macromolecules without changing its thermodynamic ligidity. The presence of caffeine in the DNA solution before its irradiation decreases considerably the extent of radiational damage

The radiation protection experience in KSNP of Taiwan during the past decade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jeng, K.T.

1991-01-01

This paper presents the radiation protection program in Kuosheng of Taiwan. Most doses are due to maintenance operations. The day-to-day efforts of the radiation protectors are to reduce occupational exposures for both external radiation exposure and internal contamination. Some salient works performed during the past decade by the radiation protectors are also addressed as feedback of radiation protection

Syphilis in Colonial Morocco - The Case of Bousbir

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Fouad Laboudi

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Syphilis is a venereal disease. Morocco has witnessed syphilis since the fifteenth century and the treatment of this disease remained archaic until the Protectorate was established.With the establishment of the colonial system in Morocco, the phenomenon of prostitution spread. Protectorate authorities designated a particular place in Casablanca for such activity that developed: Bousbir district. The authorities’ efforts failed to regulate and organize such activity because of the development of clandestine prostitution in relation to urban growth and the increase of employed, poor and downgraded urban population, especially among women who practice prostitution, and due to lack of a real social policy of the Protectorate concerning the policy of land-use planning or control that were a priority. 

Preventive effect of ozone on the development of white spot lesions during multibracket appliance therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Kronenberg, Otmar; Lussi, Adrian; Ruf, Sabine

2009-01-01

To test the null hypotheses: (1) there is no difference in the caries protective effect of ozone and Cervitec/Fluor Protector during multibracket (MB) appliance therapy, and (2) DIAGNOdent and quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) are not superior to a visual evaluation of initial caries lesions. Twenty right-handed patients with a very poor oral hygiene who required full MB appliance therapy were analyzed during 26 months. In a split-mouth-design, the four quadrants of each patient were either treated with ozone, a combination of Cervitec and Fluor Protector, or served as untreated controls. The visible plaque index (VPI) and white spot formation were analyzed clinically. DIAGNOdent and QLF were used for a quantitative assessment of white spot formation. The average VPI in all four dental arch quadrants amounted to 55.6% and was independent of the preventive measure undertaken. In the quadrants treated with Cervitec/Fluor Protector, only 0.7% of the areas developed new, clinically visible white spots. This was significantly (P Fluor Protector during MB therapy was superior to ozone, and a visual evaluation of initial caries lesions was superior to both DIAGNOdent and QLF.

Exploración del efecto protector frente a radicales libres de derivados de la uva (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Tannat en Saccharomyces cerevisiae Analysis of a putative protection against free radicals by grape derivatives (Vitis vinifera L. Cv. Tannat in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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N. Bracesco

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Se exploró un posible efecto protector del genoma por parte de un derivado de la uva (vino Tannat. Se utilizaron poblaciones celulares haploides y diploides de Saccharomyces cerevisiae como modelo eucariota. Muestras celulares se expusieron a H2O2 en medio nutriente. El ADN se analizó por densitometría láser, luego de su aislamiento y separación por electroforesis con campos pulsados. Se aplicó la distribución de Poisson para la determinación de roturas dobles. El número de roturas dobles del ADN y la frecuencia mutagénica aumentaron en función de la dosis de H2O2, disminuyendo la probabilidad de sobrevida. La combinación de H2O2 con vino Tannat aumentó significa-tivamente la probabilidad de sobrevida y disminuyó el número de roturas dobles. No se observó efecto mutagénico por el vino Tannat. Estos efectos pudieron simularse utilizando altas concentraciones de α-tocoferol. Los resultados indican que un derivado de Vitis vinifera puede, en ciertas condiciones, disminuir las dobles roturas de ADN producidas por el H2O2 e incrementar las probabilidades de sobrevida celular. Los blancos involucrados podrían ser, entre otros, componentes intracelulares de las cascadas redox y/o enzimas de reparación del ADN.The aim of this work was to analyse a possible genome protection provided by a grape derivative (Tannat wine in yeast cell populations exposed to H2O2. Haploid and diploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as eukaryotic model. Cell samples were exposed to H2O2 in a nutrient medium. Chromosomal DNA was analysed after isolation and separation by pulsed field electrophoresis. Double strand breaks were determined by laser densitometry and application of Poisson distribution. Both haploid and diploid cells showed H2O2 dose dependent DNA fractionation, as well as an increase of lethal -and mutation- events. Upon combination of the Tannat wine and H2O2 a significant decrease of double strand breaks was observed, in

Hearing Protection - Needs, Technologies and Performance (Protection de l’ouie - besoins, technologies et resultats)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-11-01

Hearing Protection Selection Considerations 6-1 6.1 Education, Training and Motivation 6-1 6.2 Overprotection 6-1 6.3 Localization and...be carefully chosen to minimize the risk of hearing damage without overprotecting and reducing situational awareness. For many operators the major...performance of the hearing protector itself. 6.2 OVERPROTECTION Hearing protectors must limit the noise exposure for the user, without reducing the

Hock lesions and free-stall design.

Science.gov (United States)

Weary, D M; Taszkun, I

2000-04-01

We compared the prevalence and severity of skin lesions on the hocks of lactating dairy cows in southern British Columbia, comparing 20 farms using three common bedding surfaces: sawdust, sand, and geotextile mattresses. Skin lesions were scored at five positions on the hock. For each position we noted if the lesion showed inflammatory attributes, and then assigned a severity score. Of the 1752 lactating cows scored, 1267 cows (73%) had at least one hock lesion. Of those cows with lesions, 87% had lesions on both legs, 76% had lesions on more than one location on the hock, and 78% had a lesion of at least moderate severity (i.e., evidence of skin breakage or an area of hair loss >10 cm2). Lesions were most prevalent on farms that used geotextile mattresses (91% of cows) and least common on farms that used sand (24% of cows). Moreover, lesions on cows from farms using mattresses were more numerous and more severe than those on cows from sand-bedded farms. The prevalence and severity of lesions on farms using sawdust was intermediate. Lesions also varied in relation to location on the hock. For farms using geotextile mattresses, lesions were more common and more severe on the lateral surfaces of both the tuber calcis and the tarsal joint. On farms using sawdust, lesions were common on the dorsal surface of the tuber calcis and the lateral surfaces of both the tuber calcis and the tarsal joint. Lesions were rare on all five positions for cows from sand-bedded farms. Among the 10 farms sampled using sawdust, we found a significant negative relationship between the length of the stall and severity of lesions. For cows with lesions, the number and severity of lesions increased with age.

Biomechanical evaluation of knotless anatomical double-layer double-row rotator cuff repair: a comparative ex vivo study.

Science.gov (United States)

Hepp, Pierre; Osterhoff, Georg; Engel, Thomas; Marquass, Bastian; Klink, Thomas; Josten, Christoph

2009-07-01

The layered configuration of the rotator cuff tendon is not taken into account in classic rotator cuff tendon repair techniques. The mechanical properties of (1) the classic double-row technique, (2) a double-layer double-row (DLDR) technique in simple suture configuration, and (3) a DLDR technique in mattress suture configuration are significantly different. Controlled laboratory study. Twenty-four sheep shoulders were assigned to 3 repair groups of full-thickness infraspinatus tears: group 1, traditional double-row repair; group 2, DLDR anchor repair with simple suture configuration; and group 3, DLDR knotless repair with mattress suture configuration. After ultrasound evaluation of the repair, each specimen was cyclically loaded with 10 to 100 N for 50 cycles. Each specimen was then loaded to failure at a rate of 1 mm/s. There were no statistically significant differences among the 3 testing groups for the mean footprint area. The cyclic loading test revealed no significant difference among the 3 groups with regard to elongation. For the load-to-failure test, groups 2 and 3 showed no differences in ultimate tensile load when compared with group 1. However, when compared to group 2, group 3 was found to have significantly higher values regarding ultimate load, ultimate elongation, and energy absorbed. The DLDR fixation techniques may provide strength of initial repair comparable with that of commonly used double-row techniques. When compared with the knotless technique with mattress sutures, simple suture configuration of DLDR repair may be too weak. Knotless DLDR rotator cuff repair may (1) restore the footprint by the use of double-row principles and (2) enable restoration of the shape and profile. Double-layer double-row fixation in mattress suture configuration has initial fixation strength comparable with that of the classic double-row fixation and so may potentially improve functional results of rotator cuff repair.

A Novel Technique That Protects the Lips during Orthognathic Surgery

Science.gov (United States)

Sugawara, Yasushi; Uda, Hirokazu; Sarukawa, Shunji; Sunaga, Ataru; Yoshimura, Kotaro

2016-01-01

Summary: Serious lip injuries can occur during orthognathic surgery. Although an Angle Wider device, which is commonly used during orthognathic surgery, provides some lip protection, it leaves more than half of the lip exposed to surgical instruments. Here, we describe a novel technique to protect the entire upper and lower lips during orthognathic surgery using a minilaparotomy wound edge protector (Lap-Protector). We used this method in 60 patients who have undergone orthognathic surgeries such as sagittal split ramus osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy since 2009, and no lip injuries have occurred. Although this technique can be somewhat challenging at first and creates some difficulty in exposing the surgical field on the lateral side, we believe that using a wound edge protector minimizes the risk of lip injury during orthognathic surgery. PMID:27975021

The influence of household pets on the composition and quantity of allergenic mite fauna within Irish homes: a preliminary investigation.

Science.gov (United States)

Clarke, D; Dix, E; Liddy, S; Gormally, M; Byrne, M

2016-03-01

Allergenic mites are responsible for inducing hypersensitive reactions in genetically predisposed people worldwide. Mites in dust from 30 Irish homes with pets (dogs, n = 23; cats, n = 7) were compared with those in 30 homes without pets. House dust mites constituted 78% of all mites recorded, with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acariformes: Pyroglyphidae) representing 57-72% of mites in furniture and mattresses in both home types compared with only 22% of mites in pet beds. Although storage mites accounted for just 13% of all mites recorded, they represented 46% of mites recorded in pet beds. Median levels of the dust mite allergen Der p 1 (µg/g) in dust samples from mattresses in homes without pets were significantly greater than in mattresses from homes with pets, reflecting the greater densities of D. pteronyssinus found in the former home category. Mite species richness was greater in homes with pets (17 species) than in homes without pets (13 species). This suggests that although the presence of pets can result in a wider variety of epidemiologically important mite species within households, increased competition among mite species may result in a more balanced mite fauna in the home, inhibiting the dominance of any one species and hence lowering allergen-associated risks. © 2015 The Royal Entomological Society.

House dust-mite allergen exposure is associated with serum specific IgE but not with respiratory outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Bakolis, I; Heinrich, J; Zock, J P; Norbäck, D; Svanes, C; Chen, C M; Accordini, S; Verlato, G; Olivieri, M; Jarvis, D

2015-06-01

Exposure to house dust has been associated with asthma in adults, and this is commonly interpreted as a direct immunologic response to dust-mite allergens in those who are IgE sensitized to house dust-mite. Mattress house dust-mite concentrations were measured in a population-based sample of 2890 adults aged between 27 and 56 years living in 22 centers in 10 countries. Generalized linear mixed models were employed to explore the association of respiratory symptoms with house dust-mite concentrations, adjusting for individual and household confounders. There was no overall association of respiratory outcomes with measured house dust-mite concentrations, even in those who reported they had symptoms on exposure to dust and those who had physician-diagnosed asthma. However, there was a positive association of high serum specific IgE levels to HDM (>3.5 kUA /l) with mattress house dust-mite concentrations and a negative association of sensitization to cat with increasing house dust-mite concentrations. In conclusion, there was no evidence that respiratory symptoms in adults were associated with exposure to house dust-mite allergen in the mattress, but an association of house mite with strong sensitization was observed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) Ensembles: Biophysical Characteristics and Predicted Work Times With and Without Chemical Protection and Active Cooling Systems

Science.gov (United States)

2015-04-29

Integrated groin protector (IGP), and Boot Protector); GORE lined leather combat boots; and NOMEX® gloves with Velcro ; and EOD9 full face helmet... effective heat removal or cooling capacity of the active cooling system could not be obtained on the manikin, reasonable estimates can be used to...Price MJ, & Oldroyd M. The effect of heat acclimation on thermal strain during explosives ordnance disposal (EOD) related activity in moderate and

The Military Dimension of the Niger Delta Crisis: Increasing the Effectiveness of Security Forces Through Information Operations

Science.gov (United States)

2010-06-11

and over 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria is a mix of cultures , languages and interests. Nigeria got its name from the River Niger, the major river in the...largely Muslim Hausa/Fulani northern protectorate and the predominantly Christian Yoruba and Igbo southern protectorate (Gascoigne 2001). Nigeria gained...keen understanding of what he referred to as the demographic battlespace as well as ―the cultural intricacies that drive the Iraqi population‖ is

Musician earplugs: Appreciation and protection.

Science.gov (United States)

Bockstael, Annelies; Keppler, Hannah; Botteldooren, Dick

2015-01-01

Recreational music exposure is a potential risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Augmented hearing protectors have been designed with modified attenuation characteristics to combine hearing protection and listening comfort. However, to date, only a few independent studies have assessed the performance of those augmented protectors in realistic exposure conditions. This study compares the listening experience and temporary effects on cochlear status with different types of earplugs after exposure to contemporary club music. Five different types of commercially available hearing protectors were worn, all commonly used during leisure-time music exposure. Four of them were augmented premolded earplugs and the fifth type was an inexpensive, standard earplug frequently distributed for free at music events. During five different test sessions of 30 min each, participants not professionally involved in music wore one particular type of protector. Contemporary club music was played at sound pressure levels (SPLs) representative of concerts and bars. After each listening session, a questionnaire on sound quality and general appreciation was completed. In addition, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) were measured directly before and after music exposure. The reported appreciation clearly differed depending on the addressed characteristics and the specific earplug type. In this test group, the reported appreciation mainly depended on comfort and looks, while differences in sound quality were less noticeable. The changes in OAE amplitude before and after noise exposure were small in terms of clinical standards. Nevertheless, the observed temporary shifts differed systematically for the different types of hearing protectors, with two types of musician earplug showing a more systematic decline than the others. Further research with respect to actual use and achieved protection for real, unsupervised music exposure is warranted.

Musician earplugs: Appreciation and protection

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Annelies Bockstael

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Recreational music exposure is a potential risk factor for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL. Augmented hearing protectors have been designed with modified attenuation characteristics to combine hearing protection and listening comfort. However, to date, only a few independent studies have assessed the performance of those augmented protectors in realistic exposure conditions. This study compares the listening experience and temporary effects on cochlear status with different types of earplugs after exposure to contemporary club music. Five different types of commercially available hearing protectors were worn, all commonly used during leisure-time music exposure. Four of them were augmented premolded earplugs and the fifth type was an inexpensive, standard earplug frequently distributed for free at music events. During five different test sessions of 30 min each, participants not professionally involved in music wore one particular type of protector. Contemporary club music was played at sound pressure levels (SPLs representative of concerts and bars. After each listening session, a questionnaire on sound quality and general appreciation was completed. In addition, otoacoustic emissions (OAEs were measured directly before and after music exposure. The reported appreciation clearly differed depending on the addressed characteristics and the specific earplug type. In this test group, the reported appreciation mainly depended on comfort and looks, while differences in sound quality were less noticeable. The changes in OAE amplitude before and after noise exposure were small in terms of clinical standards. Nevertheless, the observed temporary shifts differed systematically for the different types of hearing protectors, with two types of musician earplug showing a more systematic decline than the others. Further research with respect to actual use and achieved protection for real, unsupervised music exposure is warranted.

Latent fingerprints on different type of screen protective films

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Yuttana Sudjaroen

2016-07-01

Full Text Available The purpose of this research was to study the quality of latent fingerprint on different types of screen protective films including screen protector, matte screen protector, anti-fingerprint clear screen protector and anti-fingerprint matte screen protector by using black powder method in developing latent fingerprints. The fingerprints were performed by 10 volunteers whose fingers (right index, right thumb, left index and left thumb were stubbing at different types of screen protective films and subsequently latent fingerprints were developed by brushing with black powder. Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS counted the numbers of minutiae points from 320 latent fingerprints. Anti-fingerprint matte screen protective film produced the best quality of latent fingerprint with an average minutiae point 72.65, followed by matte screen protective film, clear screen protective film and anti-fingerprint clear screen protective film with an average minutiae point of 155.2, 135.0 and 72.65 respectively. The quality of latent fingerprints developed between a clear and a matte surface of screen protective films showed a significant difference (sig>0.05, whereas the coat and the non-coat with anti-fingerprint chemical revealed a non-significant difference (sig<0.05 in their number of minutiae points.

Relationship between comfort and attenuation measurements for two types of earplugs

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David C Byrne

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Noise-induced hearing loss is almost always preventable if properly fitted hearing protectors are worn to reduce exposure. Many individuals choose not to wear hearing protection because it may interfere with effective communication in the workplace or it may be uncomfortable. Hearing protector comfort has not received the same amount of attention as noise reduction capability. The present study was conducted to evaluate the comfort level of two different types of insert earplugs as well as the attenuation levels achieved by the earplugs. Attenuation levels were obtained with a commercially available earplug fit-test system, and the comfort ratings were obtained by questionnaire. The primary research objective was to determine whether hearing protector comfort was related to measured attenuation values. A linear mixed effects model provided evidence for an inverse relationship between comfort and attenuation.

A study on cow comfort and risk for lameness and mastitis in relation to different types of bedding materials.

Science.gov (United States)

van Gastelen, S; Westerlaan, B; Houwers, D J; van Eerdenburg, F J C M

2011-10-01

The aim was to obtain data regarding the effects of 4 freestall bedding materials (i.e., box compost, sand, horse manure, and foam mattresses) on cow comfort and risks for lameness and mastitis. The comfort of freestalls was measured by analyzing the way cows entered the stalls, the duration and smoothness of the descent movement, and the duration of the lying bout. The cleanliness of the cows was evaluated on 3 different body parts: (1) udder, (2) flank, and (3) lower rear legs, and the bacteriological counts of the bedding materials were determined. The combination of the cleanliness of the cows and the bacteriological count of the bedding material provided an estimate of the risk to which dairy cows are exposed in terms of intramammary infections. The results of the hock assessment revealed that the percentage of cows with healthy hocks was lower (20.5 ± 6.7), the percentage of cows with both damaged and swollen hocks was higher (26.8 ± 3.2), and the severity of the damaged hock was higher (2.32 ± 0.17) on farms using foam mattresses compared with deep litter materials [i.e., box compost (64.0 ± 10.4, 3.5 ± 4.7, 1.85 ± 0.23, respectively), sand (54.6 ± 8.2, 2.0 ± 2.8, 1.91 ± 0.09, respectively), and horse manure (54.6 ± 4.5, 5.5 ± 5.4, 1.85 ± 0.17, respectively)]. In addition, cows needed more time to lie down (140.2 ± 84.2s) on farms using foam mattresses compared with the deep litter materials sand and horse manure (sand: 50.1 ± 31.6s, horse manure: 32.9 ± 0.8s). Furthermore, the duration of the lying bout was shorter (47.9 ± 7.4 min) on farms using foam mattresses compared to sand (92.0 ± 12.9 min). These results indicate that deep litter materials provide a more comfortable lying surface compared with foam mattresses. The 3 deep litter bedding materials differed in relation to each other in terms of comfort and their estimate of risk to which cows were exposed in terms of intramammary infections [box compost: 17.8 cfu (1.0(4)) ± 19.4/g

Factores protectores y de riesgo familiar relacionados al fenómeno de drogas, presentes en familias de adolescentes tempranos de Valparaíso, Chile Fatores protetores e de risco familiar, relacionados ao fenômeno de drogas, entre adolescentes tempranos de Valparaíso, Chile Protective and family risk factors related to drugs in families of adolescents from Valparaíso, Chile

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Angélica Mosqueda-Díaz

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Esta investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva-transversal y exploratoria objetivó identificar y describir los factores protectores y de riesgo familiar frente al fenómeno de las drogas en familias de adolescentes tempranos de la comunidad de Valparaíso, Chile. La muestra tuvo 61 estudiantes registrados en 2008 que fueron seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario elaborado y validado por expertos de 5 países de la región de las Américas. El 86,9% de los adolescentes percibieron las relaciones familiares, en general, como factor protector, con destaque para la alta comunicación con los padres. El acumulo de tensiones, problemas de salud y comportamiento fueron vistos como factores protectores por la mayoría, un número pequeño de estudiantes lo considera como factor neutro, en ambos casos asociados al consumo de alcohol y drogas por parte de algún miembro de la familia. También, la mayoría considera como factores de riesgo la educación y el tipo de trabajo de los padres.O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e descrever os fatores protetores e de risco familiar frente ao fenômeno das drogas, em famílias de adolescentes tempranos da comunidade de Valparaiso, Chile. Trata-se de pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva transversal e exploratória. A amostra foi composta por 61 estudantes, matriculados em 2008, e selecionados por amostra aleatória simples. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário elaborado e validado por experts de 5 países das regiões das Américas. Dos adolescentes, 86,9% perceberam as relações familiares. em geral, como fator protetor, com destaque à alta comunicação com os pais. O acúmulo de tensões, problemas de saúde e comportamentais foram encontrados como fatores protetores entre número pequeno de estudantes que atuam como atores neutros, em ambos os casos associados ao consumo de álcool e drogas, por parte de algum membro da fam

Do Hearing Protectors Protect Hearing?

Science.gov (United States)

Groenewold, Matthew R.; Masterson, Elizabeth A.; Themann, Christa L.; Davis, Rickie R.

2015-01-01

Background We examined the association between self-reported hearing protection use at work and incidence of hearing shifts over a 5-year period. Methods Audiometric data from 19,911 workers were analyzed. Two hearing shift measures—OSHA standard threshold shift (OSTS) and high-frequency threshold shift (HFTS)—were used to identify incident shifts in hearing between workers’ 2005 and 2009 audiograms. Adjusted odds ratios were generated using multivariable logistic regression with multi-level modeling. Results The odds ratio for hearing shift for workers who reported never versus always wearing hearing protection was nonsignificant for OSTS (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.92–1.64) and marginally significant for HFTS (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00–1.59). A significant linear trend towards increased risk of HFTS with decreased use of hearing protection was observed (P = 0.02). Conclusion The study raises concern about the effectiveness of hearing protection as a substitute for noise control to prevent noise-induced hearing loss in the workplace. Am. J. Ind. Med. 57:1001–1010, 2014. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. PMID:24700499

Factores protectores sobre el consumo de alcohol que promueven las maestras de pre-escolares Fatores protetores contra o consumo de álcool promovidos por professores de pré-escolares Protection factors against alcohol consumption promoted by pre-school teachers

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Genoveva Elizabeth Avila

2005-10-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del estudio fue describir que factores protectores sobre el consumo de alcohol promueven las maestras de pre-escolares del departamento San Alberto, Córdoba, Argentina. El estudio es de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y se aplicó un instrumento auto-administrado a 43 maestras. Las variables estudiadas fueron sometidas a análisis estadístico descriptivo. Se logró conocer que el accionar de las maestras esta focalizado a los factores protectores de indole institucional y sociocultural de manera general e indirecta, ya que en un alto porcentaje las actividades desarrolladas se refieren a: fomento de habitos saludables, clima escolar, recreación, fortalecimiento e integración grupal, interacción y participación en las instituciones y sociedad entre las principales. Denotan la necesidad de replantearse acciones directas y concretas que implementen las maestras en relación a la problemática de alcohol en las escuelas de pre-escolares, para procurar un mayor impacto social.Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os fatores de proteção contra o consumo de álcool que são promovidos por professores de pré-escolares do departamento San Alberto, Córdoba, Argentina. O estudo é do tipo quantitativo, descritivo. Foi aplicado um questionário auto-administrado a 43 professores. As variáveis estudadas foram submetidas à análise estatística descritiva. Observamos que as ações dos professores geral e indiretamente enfocam os fatores protetores do tipo institucional e sociocultural, já que uma grande porcentagem das atividades se referem principalmente a: Estímulo de hábitos saudáveis, clima escolar, recreação, fortalecimento e integração grupal, interação e participação nas instituições e na sociedade. Apontam a necessidade de reformular ações diretas e concretas implementadas pelos professores com relação ao problema do álcool nas escolas pré-escolares com vistas a um maior impacto social.This study aimed to

Biomechanical testing of new meniscal repair techniques containing ultra high-molecular weight polyethylene suture.

Science.gov (United States)

Barber, F Alan; Herbert, Morley A; Schroeder, F Alexander; Aziz-Jacobo, Jorge; Sutker, Michael J

2009-09-01

To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of current meniscal repair techniques containing ultra high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture with and without cyclic loading. Vertical longitudinal cuts made in porcine menisci were secured with a single repair device. Noncycled and cycled (500 cycles) biomechanical tests were performed on the following groups: group 1, No. 2-0 Mersilene vertical suture (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ); group 2, No. 2-0 Orthocord vertical suture (DePuy Mitek, Westwood, MA); group 3, No. 0 Ultrabraid vertical suture (Smith & Nephew Endoscopy, Andover, MA); group 4, No. 2-0 FiberWire vertical suture (Arthrex, Naples, FL); group 5, vertically oriented mattress suture by use of an Ultra FasT-Fix device (Smith & Nephew Endoscopy) with No. 0 Ultrabraid; group 6, vertically oriented mattress suture by use of a RapidLoc A2 device (DePuy Mitek) with No. 2-0 Orthocord suture; group 7, vertically oriented stitch by use of a MaxFire device with MaxBraid PE suture (Biomet Sports Medicine, Warsaw, IN); and group 8, an obliquely oriented stitch of No. 0 UHMWPE suture inserted by use of a CrossFix device (Cayenne Medical, Scottsdale, AZ). Endpoints were failure loads, failure modes, stiffness, and cyclic displacement. Mean single-pull loads were calculated for Ultra FasT-Fix (121 N), FiberWire (110 N), MaxFire (130 N), Mersilene (84 N), Orthocord (124 N), RapidLoc A2 (86 N), CrossFix (77 N), and Ultrabraid (109 N). After 500 cyclic loads, the Orthocord (222 N) repair was stronger than the others: Ultra FasT-Fix (110 N), FiberWire (117 N), MaxFire (132 N), Mersilene (89 N), RapidLoc A2 (108 N), CrossFix (95 N), and Ultrabraid (126 N) (P Fix, RapidLoc A2, and MaxFire) were comparable to the isolated UHMWPE-containing suture repairs on single-failure load testing. UHMWPE-containing suture repairs are stronger than braided polyester suture repairs, but pure UHMWPE suture (Ultrabraid) elongated more during cycling. Orthocord suture is significantly

EFECTO PROTECTOR DE LOS POLIFENOLES ANTE EL DAÑO PROVOCADO POR ESPECIES REACTIVAS DE OXÍGENO EN MAÍZ (Zea mays L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Héctor Urueta-Cuéllar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Todos los organismos vivos están expuestos a oxidación debida a radicales libres (ROS, producidos por las células a partir de estímulos de agentes ambientales. En el presente trabajo se identifica, mediante estudios de genómica comparativa, la secuencia de bases de la enzima PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin homolog ortóloga de maíz (Zea mays L. conocida por su función relevante en el mantenimiento del estado reducido de las células. Se encontró que esta enzima contiene las secuencias características del sitio activo de la enzima PTEN de otros eucariontes. Para corroborar la función de PTEN y su sensibilidad a los ROS, se analizó el efecto del agua oxigenada en el proceso de germinación del maíz y el efecto protector de la adición del extracto metanólico de semillas de tamarindo (EMT, con una concentración conocida de antioxidantes polifenólicos. Se demostró la participación de PTEN de maíz en la vía de transducción de señales PI3K-TOR, la cual es activada por la aplicación de insulina analizando su respuesta a esta hormona. Se encontró que tanto la insulina como el peróxido de hidrógeno estimulan en el maíz la síntesis de novo de las proteínas ribosomales, medida por la cantidad de [35S]-metionina incorporada a estas proteínas, además de tener un efecto mitogénico, como se constató midiendo la incorporación de [3H]-timidina en el ADN. Estos efectos fueron neutralizados por el extracto de tamarindo, dada su capacidad de restaurar la actividad de la fosfatasa PTEN, como se demuestra al determinar la incorporación de [32P]-ortofosfato en los fosfatidilinosítidos PIP3 y PIP2 (fosfoinosítido 3,4,5 trifosfato y fosfoinosítido 4,5 bifosfato. Los resultados indican que la inhibición de la enzima PTEN por agentes oxidantes puede ser revertida por compuestos polifenólicos como los identificados en extractos de tamarindo (EMT. Así mismo, resaltan la posibilidad de identificar por medio de bioensayos en el ma

[Proximal femoral fractures in the elderly: pathogenesis, sequelae, interventions].

Science.gov (United States)

Runge, M; Schacht, E

1999-08-01

Hip fractures are a health problem of paramount importance for the individual and society. They are associated with a sharp increase of the incidence of immobility, dependency, nursing home placement, and death. In Germany, more than 100,000 elderly suffer a hip fracture every year. 90% of fractures of the proximal femur result from a fall with an impact near the hip. The kinetic energy of a fall from standing height without successful protective reactions is far above the fracture threshold of a femur in a man aged 70 and older, regardless of osteoporosis and sex. Therefore, propensity to fall and mechanisms of falling are more important in the pathogenesis of hip fracture than bone mineral density alone. The combination of age-associated gait and balance disorders, which increase the probability of falls, and age-related decreasing strength of the femur is responsible for the high incidence of hip fractures. Besides the interventions to reduce the fall frequency it is possible to decrease the number of hip fractures by a passive protection of the trochanter. An energy-shunting protector (crash helmet-like, hip padding) has been developed by Lauritzen and Lund (safehip). The protector consists of two stiff shells, sewn into special undergarment. The shells disperse the impact away from the trochanter to soft tissue, and increase the area of contact. A controlled study among nursing home residents has demonstrated a relative risk of hip fracture of 0.44 (95% CC 0.21 to 0.94) in the intervention group, i.e., the protector has reduced the number of hip fractures by more than a half. No hip fracture has happened during use of the protector. Using the protector can improve self-confidence and diminish self-restraint of physical activity, which is not rarely caused by fear of falling. Further investigations of compliance are necessary.

On the postradiation effect of cystamine in rat liver cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gil'yano, N.Ya.; Malinovskij, O.V.

1979-01-01

The effect of cystamine, classical radioprotector introduced prior to and after irradiation has been tested. The protector has been paralelly tested on the regenerating liver in a presynthetic phase of a mitotic cycle (G 1 ). White nonbred male mice have been irradiated with 205 and 6O5 rad on the RUM-11 X-ray apparatus prior to (intact liver) and 6 hours after (regenerating liver) partial hepatectomy. Cystamine has been injected to animals 15 min prior to irradiation and in different periods after irradiation in the concentration of 150 mg/kg of weight. The decrease in the share of cells with asymmetic chromosome transformations (bridges and fragments in the anaphase) has been the protector effectiveness index. It is shown that the protector is effective in the cells of a regenerating liver only when introduced before irradiation, while in the cells of an intact liver it produces a protective effect both prior to and 15 mins after irradiation. Cystamine effectiveness for cells of the intact and regenerating liver has been investigated by introducing it after irradiation of animals with 250 and 305 rad. It has been established that the protector makes it possible to modify the irradiation effect within 20 mins after irradiation in the cells of the intact liver (Go). Cystamine postradiation protection in the cells of the regenerating liver (G 1 ) is low if it is introduced immediately after irradiation (1 min) and is absent after 10 min. The dependence of cystamine postradiation protective effect on the moment of liver cell stimulation has been investigated. It has been shown that the modification of irradiation effect is possible within 5 hrs after irradiation if the protector is introduced 15 min after irradiation of animals with 250 rad. The mechanism of the preparation action is discussed

Back Pain

Science.gov (United States)

... addition, there doesn't appear to be one type of mattress that's best for people with back pain. It's probably a ... of Nondiscrimination Advertising Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization ...

Preservation of keratinized mucosa around implants using a prefabricated implant-retained stent: a case-control study

Science.gov (United States)

2016-01-01

Purpose The aim of this study was to clinically assess the impact of a prefabricated implant-retained stent clipped over healing abutments on the preservation of keratinized mucosa around implants after implant surgery, and to compare it with horizontal external mattress sutures. Methods A total of 50 patients were enrolled in this study. In the test group, a prefabricated implant-retained stent was clipped on the healing abutment after implant surgery to replace the keratinized tissue bucco-apically. In the control group, horizontal external mattress sutures were applied instead of using a stent. After the surgical procedure, the width of the buccal keratinized mucosa was measured at the mesial, middle, and distal aspects of the healing abutment. The change in the width of the buccal keratinized mucosa was assessed at 1 and 3 months. Results Healing was uneventful in both groups. The difference of width between baseline and 1 month was −0.26±0.85 mm in the test group, without any statistical significance (P=0.137). Meanwhile, the corresponding difference in the control group was −0.74±0.73 mm and it showed statistical significance (Pprefabricated implant-retained stent was shown to be effective in the preservation of the keratinized mucosa around implants and it was simple and straightforward in comparison to the horizontal external mattress suture technique. PMID:27800215

How to remove a chest drain.

Science.gov (United States)

Allibone, Elizabeth

2015-10-07

RATIONALE AND KEY POINTS: This article aims to help nurses to undertake the removal of a chest drain in a safe, effective and patient-centred manner. This procedure requires two practitioners. The chest drain will have been inserted aseptically to remove air, blood, fluid or pus from the pleural cavity. ▶ Chest drains may be small or wide bore depending on the underlying condition and clinical setting. They may be secured with a mattress suture and/or an anchor suture. ▶ Chest drains are usually removed under medical instructions when the patient's lung has inflated, the underlying condition has resolved, there is no evidence of respiratory compromise or failure, and their anticoagulation status has been assessed as satisfactory. ▶ Chest drains secured with a mattress suture should be removed by two practitioners. One practitioner is required to remove the tube and the other to tie the mattress suture (if present) and secure the site. REFLECTIVE ACTIVITY: Clinical skills articles can help update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: 1. How reading this article will change your practice. 2. How this article could be used to educate patients with chest drains. Subscribers can upload their reflective accounts at: rcni.com/portfolio .

Spine alignment in men during lateral sleep position: experimental study and modeling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leilnahari Karim

2011-11-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background A proper sleep system can affect the spine support in neutral position. Most of the previous studies in scientific literature have focused on the effects of customary mattresses on the spinal alignment. To keep the spine in optimal alignment, one can use sleep surfaces with different zonal elasticity, the so called custom-made arrangements. The required stiffness of a sleep surface for each individual can be obtained by changing this arrangement applying the experimental method and modeling. Methods In experimental part, the coordinate positions of the markers mounted on the spinous processes of the vertebrae of 25 male volunteers were registered in frontal plane through the optical tracking method and so the spinal alignment was obtained in lateral sleep position on soft and firm surfaces and on the best custom-made arrangement. Thereupon the π-P8 angles were extracted from these alignments and then were compared with each other. In modeling part the anthropometric data of four different types of volunteers were used. And then the models built in BRG.LifeMOD (ver. 2007, Biomechanics Research Group, Inc., USA based on these data and in accordance with the experimental tests, were analyzed. Results The one way ANOVA statistical model and the post hoc tests showed a significant difference in the π-P8 angles between soft & custom-made and soft & firm mattresses at the p = 0.001 level and between firm & soft mattresses at the p = 0.05 level. In modeling part, the required stiffness of the sleep surface for four weight-dimensional groups was acquired quantitatively. Conclusions The mattress with a custom-made arrangement is a more appropriate choice for heavier men with pronounced body contour. After data fitting, it was observed that the variations of spinal alignment obtained from both methods have the same trend. Observing the amount of required stiffness obtained for the sleep surface, can have a significant effect on

Feather bedding and childhood asthma associated with house dust mite sensitisation: a randomised controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Glasgow, Nicholas J; Ponsonby, Anne-Louise; Kemp, Andrew; Tovey, Euan; van Asperen, Peter; McKay, Karen; Forbes, Samantha

2011-06-01

Observational studies report inverse associations between the use of feather upper bedding (pillow and/or quilt) and asthma symptoms but there is no randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence assessing the role of feather upper bedding as a secondary prevention measure. To determine whether, among children not using feather upper bedding, a new feather pillow and feather quilt reduces asthma severity among house dust mite (HDM) sensitised children with asthma over a 1-year period compared with standard dust mite avoidance advice, and giving children a new mite-occlusive mattress cover. RCT. The Calvary Hospital in the Australian Capital Territory and the Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales. 197 children with HDM sensitisation and moderate to severe asthma. Intervention New upper bedding duck feather pillow and quilt and a mite-occlusive mattress cover (feather) versus standard care and a mite-occlusive mattress cover (standard). The proportion of children reporting four or more episodes of wheeze in the past year; an episode of speech-limiting wheeze; or one or more episodes of sleep disturbance caused by wheezing; and spirometry with challenge testing. Statistical analysis included multiple logistic and linear regression. No differences between groups were found for primary end points--frequent wheeze (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.83 to 2.76, p=0.17), speech-limiting wheeze (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.48, p=0.35), sleep disturbed because of wheezing (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.64 to 2.13, p=0.61) or for any secondary end points. Secondary analyses indicated the intervention reduced the risk of sleep being disturbed because of wheezing and severe wheeze to a greater extent for children who slept supine. No differences in respiratory symptoms or lung function were observed 1 year after children with moderate-severe asthma and HDM sensitisation were given a mite-occlusive mattress cover and then received either feather upper bedding (pillow and quilt) or standard

Controlling Bed Bugs Using Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Science.gov (United States)

Several non-chemical methods can help control an infestation, such as heat treatment or freezing, or mattress and box spring encasements. When using a pesticide, follow label directions carefully and check for EPA registration.

When ideas grow up

CERN Multimedia

Stefania Pandolfi

2016-01-01

Challenge: to use basic-research technologies to enhance mobility. A group of Finnish students accepted this challenge in 2014 and now they have come back to CERN’s IdeaSquare to develop their idea: a smart hip protector to protect elderly people in the event of a fall.   The smart hip protector protects elderly people if they fall. (Image: George Atanassov/Aalto University) The intelligent hip protector features two airbags and three different sensors – an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer. When the three sensors simultaneously show that the person is falling, a CO2 cartridge releases gas into the airbags and quickly inflates them, thus softening the impact with the ground. “This idea came about during the Challenge-Based Innovation course in 2014, in which participants were asked to use technologies developed for basic research in new solutions to facilitate mobility,” explains Enna Rane, a member of the team. “Together with students...

Plastic freezer bags: a cost-effective method to protect extraction sites in laparoscopic colorectal procedures?

Science.gov (United States)

Huynh, Hai P; Musselman, Reilly P; Trottier, Daniel C; Soto, Claudia M; Poulin, Eric C; Mamazza, Joseph; Boushey, Robin P; Auer, Rebecca C; Moloo, Husein

2013-10-01

To review surgical-site infection (SSI) and retrieval-site tumor recurrence rates in laparoscopic colorectal procedures when using a plastic freezer bag as a wound protector. Laparoscopic colorectal procedures where a plastic freezer bag used as a wound protector at the extraction site were reviewed between 1991 and 2008 from a prospectively collected database. χ test was used to compare SSI and tumor recurrence rates between groups. Costing data were obtained from the operating room supplies department. A total of 936 cases with 51 (5.45%) surgical-site infections were identified. SSI rates did not differ when comparing groups based on demographic factors, diagnosis, or location of procedure. Retrieval-site tumor recurrence rate was 0.21% (1/474). Cost of plastic freezer bags including sterilization ranged from $0.25 to $3. Plastic freezer bags as wound protectors in laparoscopic colorectal procedures are cost effective and have SSI and retrieval-site tumor recurrence rates that compare favorably to published data.

Safety Education Resources: Childproofing Your Home

Science.gov (United States)

... Kids and Babies En Español Kids and Babies - Safety Alerts Back to Safety Education Resources Air Mattresses ... Home Drowning Deaths in Spanish Kids and Babies - Safety Guides Back to Safety Education Resources Baby Safety ...

Bug bites and stings: When to see a dermatologist

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... C. Fox Award and Lectureship Grants from outside organizations Health Volunteers Overseas Grant Honorary International Society Meeting ... it under the mattress for maximum protection. Pay attention to outbreaks. Check the CDC Travel Health Notices ...

Analyzing Contingency Contracting Purchases for Operation Iraqi Freedom (Unrestricted Version)

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

that could inform such strategic purchasing decisions. 14 We used the unique contract identification number to check for cross -organization...beds, mattresses, dressers , footlockers) Other (stools, rugs, seats, cabinets, tables, folding chairs, paintings) Generators Various power generators

Bug bites and stings: When to see a dermatologist

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... and closed shoes instead of sandals. For additional protection, pull your socks up over your pants and ... floor, tuck it under the mattress for maximum protection. Pay attention to outbreaks. Check the CDC Travel ...

Single-photon sources based on single molecules in solids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moerner, W E

2004-01-01

Single molecules in suitable host crystals have been demonstrated to be useful single-photon emitters both at liquid-helium temperatures and at room temperature. The low-temperature source achieved controllable emission of single photons from a single terrylene molecule in p-terphenyl by an adiabatic rapid passage technique. In contrast with almost all other single-molecule systems, terrylene single molecules show extremely high photostability under continuous, high-intensity irradiation. A room-temperature source utilizing this material has been demonstrated, in which fast pumping into vibrational sidebands of the electronically excited state achieved efficient inversion of the emissive level. This source yielded a single-photon emission probability p(1) of 0.86 at a detected count rate near 300 000 photons s -1 , with very small probability of emission of more than one photon. Thus, single molecules in solids can be considered as contenders for applications of single-photon sources such as quantum key distribution

Single photon sources with single semiconductor quantum dots

Science.gov (United States)

Shan, Guang-Cun; Yin, Zhang-Qi; Shek, Chan Hung; Huang, Wei

2014-04-01

In this contribution, we briefly recall the basic concepts of quantum optics and properties of semiconductor quantum dot (QD) which are necessary to the understanding of the physics of single-photon generation with single QDs. Firstly, we address the theory of quantum emitter-cavity system, the fluorescence and optical properties of semiconductor QDs, and the photon statistics as well as optical properties of the QDs. We then review the localization of single semiconductor QDs in quantum confined optical microcavity systems to achieve their overall optical properties and performances in terms of strong coupling regime, efficiency, directionality, and polarization control. Furthermore, we will discuss the recent progress on the fabrication of single photon sources, and various approaches for embedding single QDs into microcavities or photonic crystal nanocavities and show how to extend the wavelength range. We focus in particular on new generations of electrically driven QD single photon source leading to high repetition rates, strong coupling regime, and high collection efficiencies at elevated temperature operation. Besides, new developments of room temperature single photon emission in the strong coupling regime are reviewed. The generation of indistinguishable photons and remaining challenges for practical single-photon sources are also discussed.

16 CFR 1633.7 - Mattress test procedure.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... consumption calorimetry. The calibration should follow generally accepted practices for calibration. The... Grade 10 machining practice with a well formed #53 drill bit). The holes shall point 5° out of the plane... practice with a well formed #53 drill bit). The holes shall point 5° out of the plane of the diagram in...

Comparison of relative and actual chest compression depths during cardiac arrest in children, adolescents, and young adults☆

Science.gov (United States)

Niles, Dana E.; Nishisaki, Akira; Sutton, Robert M.; Nysæther, Jon; Eilevstjønn, Joar; Leffelman, Jessica; Maltese, Matthew R.; Arbogast, Kristy B.; Abella, Benjamin S.; Helfaer, Mark A.; Berg, Robert A.; Nadkarni, Vinay M.

2013-01-01

Aim Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend specific chest compression (CC) target depths for children. We quantitatively describe relative anterior–posterior diameter (APD) depth, actual depth, and force of CCs during real CPR events in children. Methods CC depth and force were recorded during real CPR events in children ≥8 years using FDA-approved CC sensor. Patient chest APD was measured at conclusion of each CPR event. CC data was stratified and analyzed according to age (pre-puberty, 8–14 years; post-puberty, 15+ years). Relative (% APD) and actual CC depth, corrected for mattress deflection, were assessed and compared with American Heart Association (AHA) 2005 and 2010 pediatric CPR guidelines. Results 35 events in 32 subjects included 16,158 CCs for data analysis: 16 pre-puberty (CCs = 7484, age 11.9 ± 2 years, APD 164.6 ± 25.1 mm); 19 post-puberty (CCs = 8674, age 18.0 ± 2.7 years, APD 196.5 ± 30.4 mm). After correction for mattress deflection, 92% of CC delivered to pre-puberty were resuscitation teams were frequently <1/3 relative APD and <38 mm actual depth after mattress deflection correction, below pediatric and adult target guidelines. Mean CC actual depth and force were not significantly different in pre-puberty and post-puberty. Additional investigation to determine depth of CCs to optimize hemodynamics and outcomes is needed to inform future CPR guidelines. PMID:22079410

HUBUNGAN ANTARA PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN DAN KEPATUHAN BEROBAT PENDERITA TB DI INDONESIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Noor Edi Widya Sukoco

2012-11-01

Full Text Available Background: Indonesia constitutes the third highest of Tuberculosis (TB cases after India and China. One of the problem in TB control is still low of drug treatment compliance of TB patients. The objective of this study was to know the relationship between TB disease prevention behaviors with treatment compliance of TB patients in Indonesia. Methods: Data explored from National Basic Health Survey (Riskesdas 2010. The data is designed to represent provinces. Design of study is cross sectional. The population is all respondents of Riskesdas 2010, while samples were chosen aged > 5 years with Pulmonary TB, particularly the TB patients who was received medication and treated by health facilities. The number of samples are all 968 patients. Interviews were conducted by skilled interviewers. Data were processed by SPSS 15 version. Results: The behavior of respondents drying the wrong mattress have risk non-compliant treatment about 1. 64 compared with the behavior of respondents drying the right mattress (OR = 1. 64; P = 0.001; confidence interval (CI=1. 21-2.22. Likewise, low education has risk non-compliant treatment in the amount of 1.62 compared with highly educated respondents (OR= 1.62; P = 0.005; confidence interval (CI = 1.15-2.27. Conclusion: The updated data signify that analysis of drug adherence TB patients will show significantly in correlation between drug adherence with level of education, and behaviour of dry mattress. Key words: drug compliance, preventive behavior. tuberculosis

Comparative study of {sup 137}Cs distribution in broilers and pheasants and possibilities for protection

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mitrovic, Branislava M.; Vitorovic, Gordana; Lazarevic-Macanovic, Mirjana [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiation Hygiene, Belgrade (Serbia); Vicentijevic, Mihajlo [Insititute of Veterinary Medicine Serbia, Laboratory of Radiation Hygiene, Belgrade (Serbia); Vitorovic, Dusko [University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, Belgrade (Serbia); Pantelic, Gordana [Institute of Nuclear Sciences-Vinca, Belgrade (Serbia)

2012-03-15

The aim of the present study was to investigate distribution of {sup 137}Cs in leg and breast meat of broilers and pheasants following single alimentary contamination and administration of two protectors (AFCF and clinoptilolite). The birds were administered a single dose of {sup 137}CsCl, with an activity of 750 Bq. Protectors were given via gastric tube or mixed in the forage pellets. AFCF given via gastric tube decreased the {sup 137}Cs concentration by a factor of 7.8 in broilers leg meat and 7.4 in broilers breast meat. When AFCF was mixed in pellets, the {sup 137}Cs concentration was 19.5 times lower in broilers leg meat and 22.1 times lower in broilers breast meat, than in the control group. In pheasants, AFCF administered via gastric tube decreased the {sup 137}Cs concentration by a factor of 12.4 in leg meat and by a factor of 13.7 in breast meat, respectively. In group 4, where pheasants were administered AFCF mixed in pellets, the {sup 137}Cs concentration was 3.7 times lower in leg and breast meat, than in the control group. For comparison, clinoptilolite administered via gastric tube decreased the {sup 137}Cs concentration 1.8 times in broilers leg meat and 2.0 times in breast meat, compared to the control group. In pheasants, {sup 137}Cs concentration was 2.9 times lower in leg meat and 2.6 times lower in breast meat. Clinoptilolite mixed in the feed had relatively low efficiency of protection in broilers ({sup 137}Cs concentration was 1.4 times lower in leg meat and 1.6 lower in breast meat). A similar trend was observed in pheasants ({sup 137}Cs concentration was 1.6 lower in leg and breast meat). (orig.)

Comparative study of "1"3"7Cs distribution in broilers and pheasants and possibilities for protection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mitrovic, Branislava M.; Vitorovic, Gordana; Lazarevic-Macanovic, Mirjana; Vicentijevic, Mihajlo; Vitorovic, Dusko; Pantelic, Gordana

2012-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate distribution of "1"3"7Cs in leg and breast meat of broilers and pheasants following single alimentary contamination and administration of two protectors (AFCF and clinoptilolite). The birds were administered a single dose of "1"3"7CsCl, with an activity of 750 Bq. Protectors were given via gastric tube or mixed in the forage pellets. AFCF given via gastric tube decreased the "1"3"7Cs concentration by a factor of 7.8 in broilers leg meat and 7.4 in broilers breast meat. When AFCF was mixed in pellets, the "1"3"7Cs concentration was 19.5 times lower in broilers leg meat and 22.1 times lower in broilers breast meat, than in the control group. In pheasants, AFCF administered via gastric tube decreased the "1"3"7Cs concentration by a factor of 12.4 in leg meat and by a factor of 13.7 in breast meat, respectively. In group 4, where pheasants were administered AFCF mixed in pellets, the "1"3"7Cs concentration was 3.7 times lower in leg and breast meat, than in the control group. For comparison, clinoptilolite administered via gastric tube decreased the "1"3"7Cs concentration 1.8 times in broilers leg meat and 2.0 times in breast meat, compared to the control group. In pheasants, "1"3"7Cs concentration was 2.9 times lower in leg meat and 2.6 times lower in breast meat. Clinoptilolite mixed in the feed had relatively low efficiency of protection in broilers ("1"3"7Cs concentration was 1.4 times lower in leg meat and 1.6 lower in breast meat). A similar trend was observed in pheasants ("1"3"7Cs concentration was 1.6 lower in leg and breast meat). (orig.)

75 FR 24572 - Foreign-Trade Zone 29 - Louisville, Kentucky, Application for Subzone, Louisville Bedding Company...

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-05

... - Louisville, Kentucky, Application for Subzone, Louisville Bedding Company (Household Bedding Products...-purpose subzone status for the bedding products manufacturing facilities of Louisville Bedding Company... facilities are used to manufacture household bedding products, including mattress pads and pillows (up to 10...

Bug bites and stings: When to see a dermatologist

Medline Plus

Full Text Available ... it under the mattress for maximum protection. Pay attention to outbreaks. Check the CDC Travel Health Notices ... aad-aad-6", "site=ehs.con.aad.aad", "size=320x50", "vpos=t", "hpos=r", "zone=public", "mcat1= ...

Radiant Ceiling Panels Combined with Localized Methods for Improved Thermal Comfort of Both Patient and Medical Staff in Patient Room

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mori, Sakura; Barova, Mariya; Bolashikov, Zhecho Dimitrov

2012-01-01

The objectives were to identify whether ceiling installed radiant heating panels can provide thermal comfort to the occupants in a patient room, and to determine a method for optimal thermal environment to both patient and medical staff simultaneously. The experiments were performed in a climate...... mattress were used to provide local heating for the patient. The effects of the methods were identified by comparing the manikin based equivalent temperatures. The optimal thermal comfort level for both patient and medical staff would obtained when two conventional cotton blankets were used with extra...... chamber resembling a single-bed patient room under convective air conditioning alone or combined with the ceiling installed radiant heating panels. Two thermal manikins simulated a patient lying in the bed and a doctor standing next to the patient. Conventional cotton blanket, electric blanket, electric...

Energy Saving by Novel Bed-Integrated Local Exhaust Ventilation

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bivolarova, Mariya Petrova; Kehayova, Nushka; Melikov, Arsen Krikor

2016-01-01

High quality indoor environment in hospitals is important for patients’ healing and performance of the personnel. A novel method for minimizing spread of bio-effluents generated from hospitalized patients lying in bed was developed. The method consists of ventilated mattress (VM) which is able...... respectively with 55%, 71.1% and 85.9% and in the double room with 39.3%, 60.0%, and 80.4%. The use of the VM with reduced background CAV ventilation is an effective energy saving strategy for both double and single patient hospital rooms.......-bed hospital patient room (1.3 air changes per hour (ACH)) and double-bed patient room (1.6 ACH) was assessed by means of dynamic computer simulations. The estimated annual energy consumption for the rooms using the VM combined with CAV was compared to the annual energy consumption when the CAV ventilation...

Protector in a nuclear fusion device

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furukawa, Masayuki; Yamane, Katsumi; Niwa, Sadahiko; Ogata, Fumio; Masuda, Jun-ichi.

1975-01-01

Object: To block an abnormal voltage, which shifts from plasma to coil or power supply by means of action of mutual induction, by a circuit utilizing non-linear impedance elements. Structure: The nuclear fusion device includes a current transformer coil, a vertical field coil and a plasma circuit, with a non-linear impedance element disposed in parallel with at least the current transformer coil, said impedance element being disposed in parallel with a short-circuiting switch, relative to the abnormal voltage moving from the plasma by means of action of mutual induction. (Kamimura, M.)

Speech Intelligibility and Hearing Protector Selection

Science.gov (United States)

2016-08-29

not only affect the listener of speech communication in a noisy environment, HPDs can also affect the speaker . Tufts and Frank (2003) found that...of hearing protection on speech intelligibility in noise. Sound and Vibration . 20(10): 12-14. Berger, E. H. 1980. EARLog #4 – The

Wellhead bowl protector and retrieving tool

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Young, J.A.

1991-01-01

This patent describes improvement in a wellhead protection system including a wear bushing and a retrieving tool. The improvement comprises a wear bushing supported within the wellhead, wherein the wear bushing includes an enlarged upper end having an external support shoulder for engagement with an internal support shoulder formed in the wellhead; wherein the wear bushing further includes an internal circumferential slot intersected by at least one vertically extending slot, the vertical slot extending from the circumferential slot to the upper end of the wear bushing; a retrieving tool having at least one outwardly biased, retractable lug member mounted thereon; and wherein the retrieving tool includes an enlarged portion adapted to be received within the enlarged upper end of the wear bushing. This patent also describes a method of retrieving a wear bushing from a wellhead comprising the steps of: lowering a retrieving tool into the wellhead for locking engagement with the wear bushing; aligning the retrieving tool with the wear bushing for automatically forcing lug members carried by the retrieving tool outwardly into locking engagement with the wear bushing; monitoring drill string weight for determining engagement of the retrieving tool with the wear bushing, wherein a substantial decrease in drill string weight is an indication that the retrieving tool is engaged with the wear bushing; and removing the wear bushing from the wellhead

Radio protectors from Thai edible plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thongphasuk, Jarunee; Thongphasuk, Piyanuch

2005-11-01

Antioxidants have been used as radioprotectors in cosmetics and radiation therapy to protect normal tissues in cancer patients. The objective of this study is to determine the activities of antioxidants in Thai edible plants (holy basil, sesame (white and black). durian (Chanee and Monthong), parsley, morning glory, guava, chilies, pepper, sweet pepper, ash pumpkin, pumpkin, tomato, peppermint, and sweet basil) by using I, I-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical and to determine their capability to inhibit radiation-induced hemolysis. Gamma rays (10 KGy) from cobalt-60 was used to induce hemolysis of human red blood cells, and ascorbic acid was used as standard antioxidant. The extracts from all samples showed antioxidant activities. However, only the extracts (0.1-1,000 μg/8 x 10 9 red blood cells) from parsley, guava, peppermint, and sweet basil could significantly inhibit (p<0.05) radiation-induced hemolysis. Although ascorbic acid is a strong antioxidant, its ability to inhibit radiation-induced hemolysis was lower than the extracts. This maybe due to its hydrophilic property which limits its ability to penetrate cell membrane

Macroautophagy: protector in the diabetes drama?

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meijer, Alfred J.; Codogno, Patrice

2007-01-01

Macroautophagy ("autophagy") is regulated by the same insulin-amino acid-mTOR signaling pathway that controls protein synthesis. Although the literature does not so far include any direct studies confirming this, we expect autophagy to increase during insulin resistance. We discuss the possibility

Pressure ulcers from spinal immobilization in trauma patients: A systematic review

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ham, W.; Schoonhoven, L.; Schuurmans, M.J.; Leenen, L.P.H.

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND: To protect the (possibly) injured spine, trauma patients are immobilized on backboard or vacuum mattress, with a cervical collar, lateral headblocks, and straps. Several studies identified pressure ulcer (PU) development from these devices. The aim of this literature study was to gain

[Verification of bacteriological safety of PCM 40 air conditioner].

Science.gov (United States)

Dumas, J L; Ducel, G; Rouge, J C

1991-01-01

This study assessed the bacteriological safety of the bedside air conditioner PCM 40 (Howorth Airtech), used for prevention of intraoperative hypothermia, by blowing filtered warm air through a special mattress. The 3 microns bacterial filter of the device released 2,968 +/- 5,618 particles of diameter less than 3 microns per m3 of room air, containing 78,798 +/- 37,243 of such particles per m3. The amount of bacteries in the air pulsed from the mattress was 30 +/- 41 cfu/m3 vs 120 cfu/m3 in the ambient air and in the hot air supply tubing it reached 6 +/- 5 cfu/m3 vs 175 +/- 77 cfu/m3. It is concluded that bacteriological data do not contra-indicate the use of this air conditioner in the operating theater. The only limitations for use are the position (prone or lateral position) and type of surgery (neurosurgery).

Factors associated with allergen sensitizations in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Jing; Huang, Ying; Lin, Xiaoping; Zhao, Deyu; Tan, Guolin; Wu, Jinzhun; Zhao, Changqing; Zhao, Jing; Spangfort, Michael D; Lai, Xuxin; Zhong, Nanshan

2012-01-01

Allergen sensitization is influenced by genetic and environmental factors; however, the factors related to sensitizations in patients with rhinitis and asthma in China are largely unknown. This study investigated the factors associated with allergen sensitizations in patients with asthma and rhinitis in China. A cross-sectional survey was performed in 6304 patients with asthma and/or rhinitis from four regions of China. Patients completed a standardized questionnaire related to respiratory and allergic symptoms, family history of allergic diseases, smoking history, environmental exposure, and eating behaviors. They underwent skin-prick tests (SPTs) with 13 common aeroallergens. Blood samples were collected from 2268 of patients for specific IgE (sIgE) measurements against 16 common aeroallergens. Patients with both asthma and rhinitis had higher prevalence of SPT and sIgE positivity to most allergens than those with asthma or rhinitis alone (p history of allergic rhinitis, air-conditioner usage, sleeping on a mattress, and frequently eating meat were associated with increased risk of SPT and sIgE positivity. Using air-conditioner and sleeping on a mattress were further found to be associated with sIgE positivity to mites and molds. However, increased age and fish, fruit, and raw vegetable intake decreased the risk of SPT and sIgE positivity. Family history of allergic rhinitis, male gender, using an air conditioner, sleeping on a mattress, and frequent meat consumption are risk factors for allergen sensitizations, whereas increased age and frequent fish, fruit, and raw vegetable consumption may protect patients with asthma and/or rhinitis from developing sensitizations in China.

Effects of three types of free-stall surfaces on preferences and stall usage by dairy cows.

Science.gov (United States)

Tucker, C B; Weary, D M; Fraser, D

2003-02-01

One important criterion in choosing appropriate housing systems for dairy cattle is that the freestall provides a comfortable surface for the cow. This paper describes two experiments testing the effects of commonly used lying surfaces on stall preference and stall usage by Holstein cows. In both experiments, 12 cows were housed individually in separate pens. Each pen contained three free stalls with a different surface: deep-bedded sawdust, deep-bedded sand, and a geotextile mattress covered with 2 to 3 cm of sawdust. The animals were restricted to each surface in turn, in a random order for either 2 (Experiment 1) or 3 d (Experiment 2). Both before and after this restriction phase, the animals were allowed access to all three surfaces, and preference was determined, based on lying times. Of the 12 cows used in Experiment 1, 10 preferred sawdust before and nine after the restriction phase. During the restriction phase, average lying times and number of lying events during the restriction phase were significantly lower for the sand-bedded stalls (P sand bedded stalls. In this experiment, about half the cows preferred sand and half sawdust, after the restriction phase. During the restriction phase of experiment, lying times and number of lying events were lower, and standing times were higher when the animals were restricted to the mattresses compared to either sand or sawdust (P < or = 0.05). These results indicate that (1) free stall surface can affect both stall preferences and stall usage, and (2) mattresses are less preferred.

Forced-Air Warming Provides Better Control of Body Temperature in Porcine Surgical Patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Brian T. Dent

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Background: Maintaining normothermia during porcine surgery is critical in ensuring subject welfare and recovery, reducing the risk of immune system compromise and surgical-site infection that can result from hypothermia. In humans, various methods of patient heating have been demonstrated to be useful, but less evaluation has been performed in techniques to prevent hypothermia perioperatively in pigs. Methods: We compared body temperature regulation during surgery before and after modification of the ambient temperature of the operating laboratories. Three different methods of heating were then compared; a standard circulating water mattress, a resistive fabric blanket, and a forced hot air system. The primary measure was percentage of temperature readings outside a specification range of 36.7–40.0 °C. Results: Tighter control of the ambient temperature while using a circulating water mattress reduced the occurrence of out-of-specification body temperature readings from 20.8% to 5.0%, with most of these the result of hypothermia. Use of a resistive fabric blanket further reduced out-of-specification readings to 1.5%, with a slight increase in the occurrence of hyperthermia. Use of a forced air system reduced out-of-specification readings to less 0.1%. Conclusions: Maintenance of normothermia perioperatively in pig can be improved by tightly controlling ambient temperatures. Use of a resistive blanket or a forced air system can lead to better control than a circulating water mattress, with the forced air system providing a faster response to temperature variations and less chance of hyperthermia.

Effects of ambient conditions on the risk of pressure injuries in bedridden patients-multi-physics modelling of microclimate.

Science.gov (United States)

Zeevi, Tal; Levy, Ayelet; Brauner, Neima; Gefen, Amit

2018-06-01

Scientific evidence regarding microclimate and its effects on the risk of pressure ulcers (PU) remains sparse. It is known that elevated skin temperatures and moisture may affect metabolic demand as well as the mechanical behaviour of the tissue. In this study, we incorporated these microclimate factors into a novel, 3-dimensional multi-physics coupled model of the human buttocks, which simultaneously determines the biothermal and biomechanical behaviours of the buttocks in supine lying on different support surfaces. We compared 3 simulated thermally controlled mattresses with 2 reference foam mattresses. A tissue damage score was numerically calculated in a relevant volume of the model, and the cooling effect of each 1°C decrease of tissue temperature was deduced. Damage scores of tissues were substantially lower for the non-foam mattresses compared with the foams. The percentage tissue volume at risk within the volume of interest was found to grow exponentially as the average tissue temperature increased. The resultant average sacral skin temperature was concluded to be a good predictor for an increased risk of PU/injuries. Each 1°C increase contributes approximately 14 times as much to the risk with respect to an increase of 1 mmHg of pressure. These findings highlight the advantages of using thermally controlled support surfaces as well as the need to further assess the potential damage that may be caused by uncontrolled microclimate conditions on inadequate support surfaces in at-risk patients. © 2017 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Imaging the neonate in the incubator: an investigation of the technical, radiological and nursing issues.

Science.gov (United States)

Mutch, S J; Wentworth, S D P

2007-11-01

Modern neonatal incubators incorporate an X-ray tray device into the mattress support structure to facilitate patient examination with minimal disturbance and distress. However, the usual method of examination is to place the image plate directly underneath the baby. Users often cite radiological reasons for not using X-ray trays but modern quantitative evidence is lacking. This work looks at the technical and clinical aspects of imaging neonates in incubators and the impact that these may have in determining the imaging protocol. A number of hospitals were surveyed to determine their current method of examination and the reasons for their preference. Experimental measurements of the radiological impact of using (or not using) the X-ray tray were performed for a range of neonatal incubators. The average dose to the image plate was 5.9 microGy (range 5.4-6.4 microGy) for the "plate on mattress" method and 3.0 microGy (2.0-3.8 microGy) when using the tray--a 49% reduction owing to the mattress support materials. However, when using a computed radiography (CR) imaging system, the image quality differences were marginal. Survey results indicated that nurses preferred to use the tray but that radiographers were reluctant. We conclude that incubator manufacturers could do much to improve the radiological performance of their equipment and we offer recommendations. We also conclude that, with appropriate nurse and radiographer training and the advent of CR imaging systems, use of X-ray tray facilities may optimize imaging of the neonate in the incubator.

Application of current guidelines for chest compression depth on different surfaces and using feedback devices: a randomized cross-over study.

Science.gov (United States)

Schober, P; Krage, R; Lagerburg, V; Van Groeningen, D; Loer, S A; Schwarte, L A

2014-04-01

Current cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)-guidelines recommend an increased chest compression depth and rate compared to previous guidelines, and the use of automatic feedback devices is encouraged. However, it is unclear whether this compression depth can be maintained at an increased frequency. Moreover, the underlying surface may influence accuracy of feedback devices. We investigated compression depths over time and evaluated the accuracy of a feedback device on different surfaces. Twenty-four volunteers performed four two-minute blocks of CPR targeting at current guideline recommendations on different surfaces (floor, mattress, 2 backboards) on a patient simulator. Participants rested for 2 minutes between blocks. Influences of time and different surfaces on chest compression depth (ANOVA, mean [95% CI]) and accuracy of a feedback device to determine compression depth (Bland-Altman) were assessed. Mean compression depth did not reach recommended depth and decreased over time during all blocks (first block: from 42 mm [39-46 mm] to 39 mm [37-42 mm]). A two-minute resting period was insufficient to restore compression depth to baseline. No differences in compression depth were observed on different surfaces. The feedback device slightly underestimated compression depth on the floor (bias -3.9 mm), but markedly overestimated on the mattress (bias +12.6 mm). This overestimation was eliminated after correcting compression depth by a second sensor between manikin and mattress. Strategies are needed to improve chest compression depth, and more than two providers should alternate with chest compressions. The underlying surface does not necessarily adversely affect CPR performance but influences accuracy of feedback devices. Accuracy is improved by a second, posterior, sensor.

A Feasibility Study on the Automatic Detection of Atrial Fibrillations using an Unobtrusive Bed-Mounted Sensor

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Brueser, C.; Zink, M.D.H.; Winter, S.; Schauerte, P.; Leonhardt, S.

2012-01-01

We present a feasibility study on the automatic detection of atrialfibrillations (AF) from a cardiac vibration signal (ballistocardiogram). Signals were recorded by means of an electromechanical foil attached to a bed’s mattress. A clinical study with 10 AF patients wasconducted to assess whether

Environmental and mucosal microbiota and their role in childhood asthma

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Birzele, L T; Depner, M.; Ege, M.J.; Engel, M; Kublik, S; Bernau, C; Loss, G J; Genuneit, J.; Horak, E.; Schloter, M; Braun-Fahrländer, C.; Danielewicz, H.; Heederik, D; von Mutius, E.; Legatzki, A

BACKGROUND: High microbial diversity in the environment has been associated with lower asthma risk, particularly in children exposed to farming. It remains unclear whether this effect operates through an altered microbiome of the mucosal surfaces of the airways. METHODS: DNA from mattress dust and

Comparative efficacy of house dust mite extermination products

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schober, G.; Kniest, F.M.; Kort, H.S.M.; Saint Georges Gridelet, de D.M.O.G.; Bronswijk, van J.E.M.H.

1992-01-01

The acaricidal efficacy of nine marketed products, i.e. Acardust, Acarosan (foam and powder), Actelic 50, Artilin 3A (spirit and water base), liquid nitrogen, Paragerm AK, and Tymasil, and of intensive vacuum-cleaning have been compared on four different test surfaces: mattress, tufted carpet,

Unlike Kangaroo care, mechanically simulated Kangaroo care does not change heart rate variability in preterm neonates

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kommers, Deedee; Joshi, Rohan; van Pul, Carola; Feijs, Loe; Oei, Guid; Oetomo, Sidarto Bambang; Andriessen, Peter

2018-01-01

Background: While numerous positive effects of Kangaroo care (KC) have been reported, the duration that parents can spend kangarooing is often limited. Aim: To investigate whether a mattress that aims to mimic breathing motion and the sounds of heartbeats (BabyBe GMBH, Stuttgart, Germany) can

Lutte chimique contre les acariens de la poussière de maison

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Saint Georges Gridelet, de D.M.O.G.; Kniest, F.M.; Schober, G.; Penaud, A.; Bronswijk, van J.E.M.H.

1988-01-01

Chemical control is one of the possibilities for home sanitation for house-dust allergic patients. The causative mites may be found in mattress, padded furniture, curtains, carpets or on walls. Eight different control formulations are available in Europe : Acardust (aerosol), Acarosan (foam and wet

Bedbug Bites

Science.gov (United States)

... walls, and floors. Vacuuming some talcum powder will reduce the chance that the bugs will crawl out of the vacuum cleaner. Dispose of the vacuum cleaner filter and bags in a tightly sealed plastic bag. Use mattress, box spring, and pillow encasements to trap ...

Preventing pressure ulcers in long-term care: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Pham, Ba'; Stern, Anita; Chen, Wendong; Sander, Beate; John-Baptiste, Ava; Thein, Hla-Hla; Gomes, Tara; Wodchis, Walter P; Bayoumi, Ahmed; Machado, Márcio; Carcone, Steven; Krahn, Murray

2011-11-14

Pressure ulcers are common in many care settings, with adverse health outcomes and high treatment costs. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of evidence-based strategies to improve current prevention practice in long-term care facilities. We used a validated Markov model to compare current prevention practice with the following 4 quality improvement strategies: (1) pressure redistribution mattresses for all residents, (2) oral nutritional supplements for high-risk residents with recent weight loss, (3) skin emollients for high-risk residents with dry skin, and (4) foam cleansing for high-risk residents requiring incontinence care. Primary outcomes included lifetime risk of stage 2 to 4 pressure ulcers, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and lifetime costs, calculated according to a single health care payer's perspective and expressed in 2009 Canadian dollars (Can$1 = US$0.84). Strategies cost on average $11.66 per resident per week. They reduced lifetime risk; the associated number needed to treat was 45 (strategy 1), 63 (strategy 4), 158 (strategy 3), and 333 (strategy 2). Strategy 1 and 4 minimally improved QALYs and reduced the mean lifetime cost by $115 and $179 per resident, respectively. The cost per QALY gained was approximately $78 000 for strategy 3 and $7.8 million for strategy 2. If decision makers are willing to pay up to $50 000 for 1 QALY gained, the probability that improving prevention is cost-effective is 94% (strategy 4), 82% (strategy 1), 43% (strategy 3), and 1% (strategy 2). The clinical and economic evidence supports pressure redistribution mattresses for all long-term care residents. Improving prevention with perineal foam cleansers and dry skin emollients appears to be cost-effective, but firm conclusions are limited by the available clinical evidence.

Crianças em situação de violência de um ambulatório do Rio de Janeiro: conhecendo seu perfil Niños en situación de violencia de un ambulatorio en Rio de Janeiro: conociendo su perfil Children under violence situation followed-up in the outpatient setting at Rio de Janeiro: knowing their profile

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lucia Martins de Magalhães Pierantoni

2009-12-01

Full Text Available Buscou-se caracterizar as crianças envolvidas em situação de violência e seus familiares, e analisar o papel social do agressor/protetor no círculo da violência. Estudo quantitativo descritivo foi desenvolvido no Ambulatório da Família de um Hospital do Rio de Janeiro, entre 2006 e 2007. Dados do prontuário de 44 crianças demonstraram intensa relação entre pobreza, baixa escolaridade e gênero na matriz social da violência. Houve maior registro de meninos (64% expostos a violência do que meninas. A violência física foi a queixa mais recorrente (33,3%. Paradoxalmente, a mãe foi a principal agressora (39,1% e protetora (57,1%. Conclui-se que tanto a criança como o agressor/protetor precisam de intervenção, apoio e monitoração do serviço de saúde, e que o duplo papel social (agressor/protetor implica uma abordagem de cuidado centrado na família.Pretende caracterizar los niños implicados en la situación de violencia y sus familiares y analizar el papel social del agresor/protector en el círculo de la violencia. El estudio cuantitativo descriptivo fue desarrollado en el ambulatorio de Familia de un Hospital de Río de Janeiro entre 2006 y 2007. Datos de los registros médicos de 44 niños señalan una intensa relación entre pobreza, bajo nivel de escolaridad y género en la matriz social de la violencia. Existe un mayor índice de niños expuestos a la violencia (64% en comparación con las niñas. La violencia física es el factor que más se repite (33.3%. Paradójicamente, la madre es la principal agresora (39.1% y protectora (57.1%. Se concluyó que tanto el niño como el agresor/protector necesitan de ayuda, apoyo y supervisión de los servicios de salud. En consecuencia, la doble función social del agresor/protector implica un enfoque del cuidado centrado en la familia.The objectives of the study were to characterize children under violence situation, and their family members; and to analyze the social role of

Phosphatases as an index of biotic contamination of dust

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kniest, F.M.; Bronswijk, van J.E.M.H.; Schober, G.; Bouma, C.

1990-01-01

Enzymatic (phosphatase) activity (naphthol-release made visible with diazonium salt) of 10 mattress dust samples was correlated with number of counted arthropods, fungal spores and bacteria. This method can be helpful in the evaluation of large number of dust samples e.g. from riskful areas or from

78 FR 46949 - Essentia Natural Memory Foam Company, Inc.; Analysis of Proposed Consent Order to Aid Public Comment

Science.gov (United States)

2013-08-02

... representations that a memory foam mattress lacks the common smell associated with memory foam to mean that the... FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION [File No. 122 3130] Essentia Natural Memory Foam Company, Inc.; Analysis... containing a consent order from Essentia Natural Memory Foam Company, Inc., a corporation (``respondent...

The value of pressure ulcer risk assessment and interface pressure measurements in patients: A nursing perspective

NARCIS (Netherlands)

J.T.M. Weststrate

2005-01-01

textabstractPressure sores in an intensive care unit 35 and related variables: a descriptive study Prevalence of pressure ulcers, risk factors 47 and the use of pressure-relieving mattresses in ICU patients The clinical relevance of the Waterlow 61 Pressure Sore Risk Scale in the ICU The

78 FR 694 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request-Testing and...

Science.gov (United States)

2013-01-04

... ignition of mattresses, 16 CFR part 1632. The Open- Flame standard is intended to reduce unreasonable risks... may be introduced into commerce. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) previously approved the... suppliers, and confirmation test records, if establishments choose to pool a prototype. This documentation...

The Remedial Action of the "State of Capture" Report in Perspective

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Loammi Wolf

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In the State of Capture report the public protector instructed the president to appoint a commission of inquiry to investigate the capture of state institutions by the Gupta family. The president and his family are personally implicated and due to a conflict of interests, the public protector limited both his choice of a commissioner to conduct the inquiry and the power to specify certain terms of reference. In the Economic Freedom Fighters, the Constitutional Court ruled that the public protector's remedial action is legally binding and must be executed by the state organs concerned. President Zuma challenges the remedial action on the basis that it is the sole prerogative of the head of state under section 84(2(f of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (the Constitution to appoint commissions of inquiry and that it is an unfettered discretionary power, which may not be limited. It is not only doubtful whether the responsibility to appoint commissions of inquiry is invariably a discretionary power; it is also doubtful whether the president has an unfettered discretion. In the case of a conflict of interest the president would in any event be barred from taking a decision in terms of the nemo iudex maxim if the decision could be tainted by bias. The difficulty is that section 90 of the Constitution does not regulate the ad hoc exercise of section 84(2 powers by another state organ when the president should recuse himself from taking a decision. The limitations imposed by the public protector in regard to the commission of inquiry appear to be the best solution under the circumstances.

Study on radioprotection of alliin and damage mechanism in hepatocyte after irradiation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ji, Tae Jeong; Kim, Won Tae [Dept, of Radiological Science, Kaya University, Kimhae (Korea, Republic of)

2016-12-15

Liver tissue damage by a radiation exposure caused a jaundice and ascitic fluid e form harden atrophy. The reason for this lies in morphological damage of a liver cells. This study tried that observe damage mechanism of the cell organelles. It was especially observed mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear membrane associated with energy metabolizable. also, This study had with a radio-protector development research at the same time. Radio-protector was used to alliin that has an blood flow increase. Cell observation make used of transmission electron microscope(TEM). The result of an experiment, 7Gy of whole body irradiation was caused an inflammation in cell organelles and hypertrophy of the nucleus membrane. After 20 days, The hepatocyte has been observed in a damaged membrane on peroxisome, mitochondria and vacuole of the cell organelles. After 30 days, The hepatocyte has been observed in disconnected ribosomes on a rough endoplasmic reticulum. There was looked a giant lipoblast. There was clearly normal observed a mitochondria and nucleus membrane in the hepatocyte after alliin injection. aslo, It was no damaged the nucleus membrane. Therefore, It was identified portion a radio-protector effect from alliin.

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT MULCH MATERIALS AND SHELTER, IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PLANTS OF Pinus taeda L., BY DIRECT SOWING

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcio Ricardo Serpa

2009-09-01

Full Text Available This work has had as its objectives to evaluate different covering materials and physical protector's use in the forest population of Pinus taeda L. in direct sowing in the field. Three materials were used: vermiculit, dried and pricked pine needles, peel of rice and reference without covering, with and without physical protector (plastic cup of 300 ml, without botton, with five replications. The sowing was accomplished in the first half of May of 1997, being used three seeds per point. The evaluations done were: emergency at the 60 and 90 days, survival at the 120, 180 and 210 days and population density at the 210 days after sowing. The variance and averages analysis (Duncan 5%, has allowed to conclude that: the vermiculit and pine needles affected beneficially the number of plants emerged in the first 60 days, that is the most critical phase for the future of the forest population of Pinus taeda; the physical protector, provides the formation of a microenvironment, that guarantees larger percentage in the emergence, survival and initial density of plants of Pinus taeda; the direct sowing demonstrated to be a viable technique.

An artificial water body provides habitat for an endangered estuarine seahorse species

Science.gov (United States)

Claassens, Louw

2016-10-01

Anthropogenic development, especially the transformation of natural habitats to artificial, is a growing concern within estuaries and coastal areas worldwide. Thesen Islands marina, an artificial water body, added 25 ha of new estuarine habitat to the Knysna Estuary in South Africa, home to the Knysna seahorse. This study aimed to answer: (I) Can an artificial water body provide suitable habitat for an endangered seahorse species? And if so (II) what characteristics of this new habitat are important in terms of seahorse utilization? Four major habitat types were identified within the marina canals: (I) artificial reno mattress (wire baskets filled with rocks); (II) Codium tenue beds; (III) mixed vegetation on sediment; and (IV) barren canal floor. Seahorses were found throughout the marina system with significantly higher densities within the reno mattress habitat. The artificial water body, therefore, has provided suitable habitat for Hippocampus capensis, a noteworthy finding in the current environment of coastal development and the increasing shift from natural to artificial.

Evaluation of surgical skill of uvulopalato pharyngo plasty (UPPP)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takashima, Masayuki; Oda, Makoto; Itoi, Aya; Tomoda, Kouichi

2006-01-01

We evaluated the surgical skill of uvulopalato pharyngo plasty (UPPP) done in 35 cases in our hospital and discussed its efficacy. Our method of UPPP has three characteristics. First, a mattress suture was applied in the tonsillar bed. As a result there was no failure of the suture. Second, we made a raw surface at a little upper part of the root of the uvula and applied the mattress suture to it. This suture has efficacy of soft palate upword to the oral side. Third, no continuous suture has advantage to present scar formation. We also examined the dynamic MRI for obstructive site and images were divided some morphological obstructive pattern, and assess about efficacy of improvement rate of AHI. The efficacy was over 80% in tonsillar type. But there was 31% efficacy not only soft palate but also tongue rotation type. We concluded that the important factor to have good result of UPPP are surgical skill and adequate indication. (author)

The effect of bedding system selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related cardiovascular functions.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuo, Terry B J; Li, Jia-Yi; Lai, Chun-Ting; Huang, Yu-Chun; Hsu, Ya-Chuan; Yang, Cheryl C H

2013-01-01

Different types of mattresses affect sleep quality and waking muscle power. Whether manual muscle testing (MMT) predicts the cardiovascular effects of the bedding system was explored using ten healthy young men. For each participant, two bedding systems, one inducing the strongest limb muscle force (strong bedding system) and the other inducing the weakest limb force (weak bedding system), were identified using MMT. Each bedding system, in total five mattresses and eight pillows of different firmness, was used for two continuous weeks at the participant's home in a random and double-blind sequence. A sleep log, a questionnaire, and a polysomnography were used to differentiate the two bedding systems. Heart rate variability and arterial pressure variability analyses showed that the strong bedding system resulted in decreased cardiovascular sympathetic modulation, increased cardiac vagal activity, and increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity during sleep as compared to the weak bedding system. Different bedding systems have distinct cardiovascular effects during sleep that can be predicted by MMT.

75 FR 9247 - Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family

Science.gov (United States)

2010-03-01

... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-13] Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice... is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Lenders use the Single Family Premium...

Device for isolation of seed crystals during processing of solution

Science.gov (United States)

Montgomery, K.E.; Zaitseva, N.P.; Deyoreo, J.J.; Vital, R.L.

1999-05-18

A device is described for isolation of seed crystals during processing of solutions. The device enables a seed crystal to be introduced into the solution without exposing the solution to contaminants or to sources of drying and cooling. The device constitutes a seed protector which allows the seed to be present in the growth solution during filtration and overheating operations while at the same time preventing the seed from being dissolved by the under saturated solution. When the solution processing has been completed and the solution cooled to near the saturation point, the seed protector is opened, exposing the seed to the solution and allowing growth to begin. 3 figs.

75 FR 22303 - Safety Standard for Bassinets and Cradles: Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-28

... and conform to the body contours of the infant, whereas bassinets and cradles have flat mattresses... involved a host of miscellaneous problems, including a tear in the bassinet fabric, odors, and product... standing base and rock naturally. Most have sleep surfaces that curve, molding to an infant's body. However...

77 FR 64055 - Safety Standard for Bassinets and Cradles

Science.gov (United States)

2012-10-18

... after an infant's body, but not head, slipped through the fabric covering and underlying structural... odors, to product assembly/quality issues. Twenty-seven (about 8 percent) of the incidents reported... mattresses that are also inclined in a manner that elevates the head, as well as conforming to the body...

Pattern of Pressure Sores in Spinal Injured Patients with in the First ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Before 2006, all our spinal injured patients were nursed on conventional form mattress without pressure redistributing support surface. Pressure sore was a common complication and was a major contributing factor to prolonged hospitalization. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of pressure ...

77 FR 30501 - Uncovered Innerspring Units From the People's Republic of China: Initiation of Anticircumvention...

Science.gov (United States)

2012-05-23

... Steel & Wire Spring Co., Ltd., and 164.75 percent on seven companies that qualified for separate rates... Malaysia'' and that ``{t{time} hese Chinese raw materials are further processed in Malaysia and combined with other materials into finished innerspring units and mattresses, for sale within Malaysia and for...

Assessment of different bedding systems for lactating cows in freestall housing

Science.gov (United States)

The objective of this study was to compare different bedding systems for lactating cows in freestall housing. Bedding systems included new sand (NS), recycled byproducts of manure separation (organic solids [OS] and recycled sand [RS]), and foam-core mattresses with a shallow layer of OS (MS). The e...

Skin closure after groin hernia repair in children: a comparative ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Patients and Methods: Three suture materials (chromic catgut 3/0, silk 3/0 and nylon 3/0) and two skin closure techniques (transcutaneous interrupted mattress and subcuticular continuous running sutures) were compared in a randomized partially blinded fashion using a groin skin crease incision. The resulting scars were ...

An automatic single channel analyzer based on single-chip microcomputer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan Xuekun; Jia Mingchun; Zhang Yan; Liu Mingjian; Luo Ming

2008-01-01

The hardware and software of an automatic single channel analyzer based on AT89C51RC single-chip microcomputer is described in this paper. The equipment takes a method of channel-width-adjusting symmetrically, and makes use of single-chip microcomputer to control the two DAC0832 so as to adjust the discriminating threshold and channel-width automatically. As a result, the auto-measuring of the single channel analyzer is realized. Its circuit configuration is simple, and the uniformity of its channel-width is well, too. (authors)

Bacterial Exposures and Associations with Atopy and Asthma in Children.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Valkonen

Full Text Available The increase in prevalence of asthma and atopic diseases in Western countries has been linked to aspects of microbial exposure patterns of people. It remains unclear which microbial aspects contribute to the protective farm effect.The objective of this study was to identify bacterial groups associated with prevalence of asthma and atopy, and to quantify indoor exposure to some of these bacterial groups.A DNA fingerprinting technique, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE, was applied to mattress dust samples of farm children and control children in the context of the GABRIEL Advanced study. Associations between signals in DGGE and atopy, asthma and other allergic health outcomes were analyzed. Quantitative DNA based assays (qPCR for four bacterial groups were applied on the dust samples to seek quantitative confirmation of associations indicated in DNA fingerprinting.Several statistically significant associations between individual bacterial signals and also bacterial diversity in DGGE and health outcomes in children were observed. The majority of these associations showed inverse relationships with atopy, less so with asthma. Also, in a subsequent confirmation study using a quantitative method (qPCR, higher mattress levels of specifically targeted bacterial groups - Mycobacterium spp., Bifidobacteriaceae spp. and two different clusters of Clostridium spp. - were associated with a lower prevalence of atopy.DNA fingerprinting proved useful in identifying bacterial signals that were associated with atopy in particular. These findings were quantitatively confirmed for selected bacterial groups with a second method. High correlations between the different bacterial exposures impede a clear attribution of protective effects to one specific bacterial group. More diverse bacterial flora in mattress dust may link to microbial exposure patterns that protect against development of atopic diseases.

Infant's bed climate and bedding in the Japanese home.

Science.gov (United States)

Nakamura Ikeda, Rie; Fukai, Kiyoko; Okamoto Mizuno, Kazue

2012-06-01

to assess the bed climate of infants in their homes in Japan. descriptive, exploratory, non-experimental research design. the data were collected at the participants' homes under normal circumstances. nineteen healthy infants between the ages of two and five months. Their mothers, who joined a parenting class organised by a maternity clinic in Okayama, Japan, consented to participate in this study. we visited the infants' homes and interviewed their mothers concerning the types and use of bedding. The temperature and relative humidity of the bed climate at the back and foot of the bedding, and in the room were measured every minute for four consecutive days. Differences among the bed climates measured during three seasons (spring, summer, and autumn) were assessed by one-way analysis of variance. The bed temperature was higher for infants than for adults. No significant difference in temperature was noted among the three seasons. The bed temperature was about 36.0°C when waterproof sheets and futon mattresses for children or adult were used. The average relative humidity of the bed climate at the back was highest in summer, followed by that in spring and autumn; the differences were significant. The use of waterproof sheets and futon mattresses for children in summer increased the relative humidity to 80% or more. The use of infant beds, sunoko drainboards, and cotton futon mattresses in summer was effective in reducing the bed humidity. these results suggest that nurse-midwives should advise the parents on comfortable bed climates for their infants, as well as how to select and use bedding for them. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do single women value early retirement more than single men?

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Danø, Anne Møller; Ejrnæs, Mette; Husted, Leif

2005-01-01

and health are important determinants of the retirement decision. Furthermore, we find substantial gender differences in the retirement pattern. Healthy single women value retirement more than healthy single men and are willing to reduce their disposable income to 74% of their previous income while men......The focus of this paper is to analyse why a large fraction of single elderly people choose to retire early. A structural model directly based on the individual decision of labour supply is estimated on a sample of singles, where singles are defined as those who are living alone. We find that income...... are willing to reduce the income to 81%. Men's retirement decision is mainly influenced by income and health, whereas women's retirement decision is also affected by education and unemployment experience...

Single atom oscillations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wiorkowski, P.; Walther, H.

1990-01-01

Modern methods of laser spectroscopy allow the study of single atoms or ions in an unperturbed environment. This has opened up interesting new experiments, among them the detailed study of radiation-atom coupling. In this paper, the following two experiments dealing with this problem are reviewed: the single-atom maser and the study of the resonance fluorescence of a single stored ion. The simplest and most fundamental system for studying radiation-matter coupling is a single two-level atom interacting with a single mode of an electromagnetic field in a cavity. This problem received a great deal of attention shortly after the maser was invented

Single Electron Tunneling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ruggiero, Steven T.

2005-01-01

Financial support for this project has led to advances in the science of single-electron phenomena. Our group reported the first observation of the so-called ''Coulomb Staircase'', which was produced by tunneling into ultra-small metal particles. This work showed well-defined tunneling voltage steps of width e/C and height e/RC, demonstrating tunneling quantized on the single-electron level. This work was published in a now well-cited Physical Review Letter. Single-electron physics is now a major sub-field of condensed-matter physics, and fundamental work in the area continues to be conducted by tunneling in ultra-small metal particles. In addition, there are now single-electron transistors that add a controlling gate to modulate the charge on ultra-small photolithographically defined capacitive elements. Single-electron transistors are now at the heart of at least one experimental quantum-computer element, and single-electron transistor pumps may soon be used to define fundamental quantities such as the farad (capacitance) and the ampere (current). Novel computer technology based on single-electron quantum dots is also being developed. In related work, our group played the leading role in the explanation of experimental results observed during the initial phases of tunneling experiments with the high-temperature superconductors. When so-called ''multiple-gap'' tunneling was reported, the phenomenon was correctly identified by our group as single-electron tunneling in small grains in the material. The main focus throughout this project has been to explore single electron phenomena both in traditional tunneling formats of the type metal/insulator/particles/insulator/metal and using scanning tunneling microscopy to probe few-particle systems. This has been done under varying conditions of temperature, applied magnetic field, and with different materials systems. These have included metals, semi-metals, and superconductors. Amongst a number of results, we have

Structure of single-chain single crystals of isotactic polystyrene and their radiation resistance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bu Haishan; Cao Jie; Xu Shengyong; Zhang Ze

1997-01-01

The structure of the single-chain single crystals of isotactic polystyrene (i-PS) was investigated by electron diffraction (ED) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM). The nano-scale single-chain single crystals were found to be very stable to electron irradiation. According to the unit cell of i-PS crystals, the reflection rings in ED pattern and the lattice fringes in HREM images could be indexed, but the lower-index diffractions were not found. It is proposed that the single-chain single crystals are very small, thus secondary electrons may be allowed to escape and radiation damage is highly reduced, and that there are less lower-index lattice planes in the single-chain single crystals to provide sufficient diffraction intensity for recording. HREM images can be achieved at room temperature in the case of single-chain single crystals because of its stability to electron irradiation, therefore, this might be a novel experimental approach to the study of crystal structure of macromolecules

Search Results | Page 22 | IDRC - International Development ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Results 211 - 220 of 875 ... Mining and Seasonal Variation of the Metals Concentration in the ... Gold mining in the Puyango River Basin produces water contamination and emissions from ... rivers, which have the highest concentrations of heavy metals. ... soil, surface water, mattress and house dust samples, and in all the ...

Advanced air distribution method combined with deodorant material for exposure reduction to bioeffluents contaminants in hospitals

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bivolarova, Mariya Petrova; Mizutani, Chiyomi; Melikov, Arsen Krikor

2015-01-01

-bed hospital patient room at reduced background ventilation rare of 1.6 air changes per hour. The bed of the patient was equipped with the ventilated mattress (VM) having an exhaust opening from which bioeffluents generated from human body were sucked and discharged from the room. To enhance the pollutant...

16 CFR 1633.4 - Prototype testing requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prototype testing requirements. 1633.4... STANDARD FOR THE FLAMMABILITY (OPEN FLAME) OF MATTRESS SETS The Standard § 1633.4 Prototype testing... three specimens of each prototype to be tested according to § 1633.7 and obtain passing test results...

Army Net Zero Prove Out. Army Net Zero Training Report

Science.gov (United States)

2014-11-20

economics  Strategies must evolve as technology, markets, incentives, and economics change (e.g. PV prices dropping~50% over the last few years... Food and Beverage -------------------------------> Mattresses/beds/furniture----------------------> Building Supplies/repair parts...352 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Unclassified 19

75 FR 43921 - Certain Polyester Staple Fiber From Taiwan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-27

... sleeping bags, mattresses, ski jackets, comforters, cushions, pillows, and furniture. Merchandise of less... products sold in the home market. In fact, in our calculation for the Preliminary Results, one product sold... sold in the home market in the ordinary course of trade. Instead, from the pool of home-market sales...

Potential of Kapok Fibre as a Substitute of Cotton in Textiles ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Kapok fibre, commonly known in Kiswahili as 'sufi\\' is obtained from kapok plant, Ceiba pentandra. The conventional end uses of kapok include mattress/pillow stuffing, upholstery and thermal insulation. The market for kapok in these traditional uses has declined considerably over the past 30 years, due to the developments ...

Single ion implantation for single donor devices using Geiger mode detectors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bielejec, E; Seamons, J A; Carroll, M S

2010-01-01

Electronic devices that are designed to use the properties of single atoms such as donors or defects have become a reality with recent demonstrations of donor spectroscopy, single photon emission sources, and magnetic imaging using defect centers in diamond. Ion implantation, an industry standard for atom placement in materials, requires augmentation for single ion capability including a method for detecting a single ion arrival. Integrating single ion detection techniques with the single donor device construction region allows single ion arrival to be assured. Improving detector sensitivity is linked to improving control over the straggle of the ion as well as providing more flexibility in lay-out integration with the active region of the single donor device construction zone by allowing ion sensing at potentially greater distances. Using a remotely located passively gated single ion Geiger mode avalanche diode (SIGMA) detector we have demonstrated 100% detection efficiency at a distance of >75 μm from the center of the collecting junction. This detection efficiency is achieved with sensitivity to ∼600 or fewer electron-hole pairs produced by the implanted ion. Ion detectors with this sensitivity and integrated with a thin dielectric, for example a 5 nm gate oxide, using low energy Sb implantation would have an end of range straggle of -1 and 10 -4 for operation temperatures of ∼300 K and ∼77 K, respectively. Low temperature operation and reduced false, 'dark', counts are critical to achieving high confidence in single ion arrival. For the device performance in this work, the confidence is calculated as a probability of >98% for counting one and only one ion for a false count probability of 10 -4 at an average ion number per gated window of 0.015.

Conformal radiotherapy made easy through gravity oriented absorbers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Proimos, B S [Patras Univ. (Greece). Dept. of Medical Physics

1995-12-01

In the 50`s and the 60`s simple techniques modulating the beam intensity in synchronism with the rotation, either of the vertical patient or of the machine around the horizontal patient were developed. An absorber, which is similar in shape to a vital organ, intercepts the beam, casting its protective `shade` over the organ, for all positions of rotation. In this way, the organ is protected during the irradiation time. On any transverse cross, any point outside of the organ`s cross-section is protected for only a fraction of T, which is decreasing with the distance of that point from the organ. Consequently, the dose to the protected organ is smaller than (a) the dose it would absorb without protection (b) the dose to the surrounding (less vital) healthy tissue and (c), the dose to the neighbouring tumour. Consider a plane perpendicular to the principal plane and passing through the source. It cuts the organ and its protector in two cross-sections, which remain always homiotheta, with centre of homiothesis the source. In this way, the protector`s cross-section is projected by the beam on the organ`s cross-section for all positions of rotation. The larger the cross-section of the organ and the smaller the required protection, the smaller must be the attenuation coefficient of the material the protector is made of. The dose distributions in a series of actual cases, such as head tumours with eyes protection, neck or chest tumours with spinal cord protection, cervix tumours with rectum and bladder protection, are discussed. In most cases, if the vital organs are not overprotected, the 90% or 80% isodose surface fits to or conforms with the surface of the Planning Target Volume (PTV) no matter how irregular (convex and concave) it is.

NEURO ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATE THE HUMAN ADAPTATION TO HIGH ALTITUDE HYPOXIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mukhamed T. Shaov

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Abstract. The aim is to study the influence of neuro-information signals modulated by pulse hypoxia on the rhythm of cardiac contractions in low-mountain and high-mountain conditions. Methods. Heart rate was measured using the pulse oxymetry device ELOX-01M2. The impact analysis of information-wave signals was carried out with the help of the neuro-protector "Anthropotherapist", non-invasively (remotely at a distance of up to 5 meters for 5 min. /day during 10 days. The investigations were carried out in lowmountain conditions (city of Nalchik, 550 m above sea level and highlands, Mount Elbrus (site of "Garabashi", 3780 m. above sea level. Participants in the study were divided into groups: control group – 18 participants; experimental group - 18 participants. In the low-mountain and high-mountain conditions, the control group was not affected by the neuro-protector. In high-mountain conditions, the participants in the control group experienced only the effects of high-altitude hypoxia sessions. The experimental group was exposed to the neuro-information signals from the neuro-protector. High-altitude studies were carried out in the following mode: heart rate was recorded at the altitudes of Nalchik - exit to Elbrus – on the way to the site of "Garabashi" - return route to Nalchik. Results. It was found that with frequency exposure, there is a significant decrease and fluctuations in heart rate in low-mountain inhabitants. The stability of these changes in the rhythm of cardiac activity can also be seen in conditions of high-altitude hypoxia. Conclusion. Consequently, the proposed mode of frequency impact, implemented using the "Anthropotherapist" neuro-protector technology, can form a stage of adaptation to hypoxia and unfavorable climatic and environmental factors.

Single-Arc IMRT?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bortfeld, Thomas; Webb, Steve

2009-01-01

The idea of delivering intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a multileaf collimator in a continuous dynamic mode during a single rotation of the gantry has recently gained momentum both in research and industry. In this note we investigate the potential of this Single-Arc IMRT technique at a conceptual level. We consider the original theoretical example case from Brahme et al that got the field of IMRT started. Using analytical methods, we derive deliverable intensity 'landscapes' for Single-Arc as well as standard IMRT and Tomotherapy. We find that Tomotherapy provides the greatest flexibility in shaping intensity landscapes and that it allows one to deliver IMRT in a way that comes close to the ideal case in the transverse plane. Single-Arc and standard IMRT make compromises in different areas. Only in relatively simple cases that do not require substantial intensity modulation will Single-Arc be dosimetrically comparable to Tomotherapy. Compared with standard IMRT, Single-Arc could be dosimetrically superior in certain cases if one is willing to accept the spreading of low dose values over large volumes of normal tissue. In terms of treatment planning, Single-Arc poses a more challenging optimization problem than Tomotherapy or standard IMRT. We conclude that Single-Arc holds potential as an efficient IMRT technique especially for relatively simple cases. In very complex cases, Single-Arc may unduly compromise the quality of the dose distribution, if one tries to keep the treatment time below 2 min or so. As with all IMRT techniques, it is important to explore the tradeoff between plan quality and the efficiency of its delivery carefully for each individual case. (note)

Single-pulse and multi-pulse femtosecond laser damage of optical single films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yuan Lei; Zhao Yuan'an; He Hongbo; Shao Jianda; Fan Zhengxiu

2006-01-01

Laser-induced damage of a single 500 nm HfO 2 film and a single 500 nm ZrO 2 film were studied with single- and multi-pulse femtosecond laser. The laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) of both samples by the 1-on-1 method and the 1000-on-1 method were reported. It was discovered that the LIDT of the HfO 2 single film was higher than that of the ZrO 2 single film by both test methods, which was explained by simple Keldysh's multiphoton ionization theory. The LIDT of multi-pulse was lower than that of single-pulse for both samples as a result of accumulative effect. (authors)

Single-Phase PLLs

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Golestan, Saeed; Guerrero, Josep M.; Quintero, Juan Carlos Vasquez

2017-01-01

Single-phase phase-locked loops (PLLs) are popular for the synchronization and control of single-phase gridconnected converters. They are also widely used for monitoring and diagnostic purposes in the power and energy areas. In recent years, a large number of single-phase PLLs with different stru......-PLLs). The members of each category are then described and their pros and cons are discussed. This work provides a deep insight into characteristics of different single-phase PLLs and, therefore, can be considered as a reference for researchers and engineers....

Eye exposure to optical radiation in the glassblowing industry: an investigation in southern Ontario.

Science.gov (United States)

Oriowo, O M; Chou, B R; Cullen, A P

2000-01-01

To investigate if the levels of optical radiation hazards in glassblowing are well classified according to the hazard types defined in the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) standard for industrial eye protectors. We carried out radiometric measurements, and questionnaire survey in 4 university glassblowing laboratories, and 3 private studios. There is exposure to low levels of UV and IR radiation in all glassblowing operations. A supra-threshold IR radiation level exists in the craft glassblowing. The use of eye protectors is based on past experience regardless of the level of ocular exposure. Optical radiation hazards exist in both craft and scientific glassblowing. There seems to be an inadequate understanding about radiation types encountered by glassblowers.

Blind method of clustering for the evaluation of the dose received by personnel in two methods of administration of radiopharmaceuticals; Metodo ciego de clusterizacion para la evaluacion de la dosis recibida por el personal en dos metodos de administracion de radioformacos

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

VerdeVelasco, J. M.; Gonzalez Gonzalez, M.; Montes Fuentes, C.; Verde Velasco, J.; Gonzalez Blanco, F. J.; Ramos Pacho, J. A.

2013-07-01

The difficulty for the injection of drugs marked with radioactive isotopes while syringe is located within the lead protector does that in many cases staff do it chooses to use the syringe outside the lead protector, increasing therefore the dose of radiation received. In our service raises the possibility of using a different methodology, channeling a pathway through a catheter, which allows administer, in all cases, with the syringe within the lead guard. We will check if significant differences can be seen both in the dose absorbed by the staff as in the time it takes to perform the administration of the drug using the method proposed compared injection without guard. (Author)

Blind method of clustering for the evaluation of the dose received by personnel in two methods of administration of radiopharmaceuticals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

VerdeVelasco, J. M.; Gonzalez Gonzalez, M.; Montes Fuentes, C.; Verde Velasco, J.; Gonzalez Blanco, F. J.; Ramos Pacho, J. A.

2013-01-01

The difficulty for the injection of drugs marked with radioactive isotopes while syringe is located within the lead protector does that in many cases staff do it chooses to use the syringe outside the lead protector, increasing therefore the dose of radiation received. In our service raises the possibility of using a different methodology, channeling a pathway through a catheter, which allows administer, in all cases, with the syringe within the lead guard. We will check if significant differences can be seen both in the dose absorbed by the staff as in the time it takes to perform the administration of the drug using the method proposed compared injection without guard. (Author)

Occupational thyroid dose during cardiovascular examinations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kawaharada, Yasuhiro; Kayama, Jiro; Hatori, Noboru; Takahashi, Noboru; Koyama, Ichiro; Shiraishi, Akihisa; Otake, Hidenori; Miyazawa, Yasushi

1991-01-01

Medical system has been recently divided into many divisions where appropriate examinations and treatments are performed by specialists in each field. Special and complicated radiologic examinations such as cardiovascular angiography are performed by specialists. An occupational exposure dose tends to increase and to be limited to some specialized physicians and technicians. Therefore, efficient protective equipment and clothing have to be seriously considered so as to decrease the occupational exposure dose. The thyroid gland is not protected by any of the conventional protectors. We have tried to decrease the occupational exposure doses by improving the conventional protector and utilizing various other materials. The paper is a report on the effectiveness of the methods used and the results. (author)

Single Policy Study

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kronsell, Annica; Manners, Ian James

2015-01-01

Single policy studies are the most common form of European Union (EU) research. Single policy studies are widely used to understand the role of the EU in a wide variety of sectors, together with their development over time, and often offer public policy prescriptions. This chapter discusses...... the relevance of single policy studies in EU research and give examples of how such research can be designed and carried out. The chapter reviews three examples of single policy studies using different methods based on EU environmental policy, the EU biofuels directive, and the EU Common Security and Defence...... Policy (CSDP). The examples are illustrative of how single policy studies can be designed to use different approaches in the analysis: multiple streams approach to policy-making; a comparative hypothesis testing; and feminist institutional theory....

A Single Father's Shopping Bag: Purchasing Decisions in Single-Father Families

Science.gov (United States)

Ziol-Guest, Kathleen M.

2009-01-01

Using data from the 1980 to 2003 panels of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, this article examines purchasing decisions in father-headed single-parent families. Single-father expenditures are compared to both married-parent expenditures and single-mother expenditures on 17 broad categories of household-level goods and services. Multivariate…

Single-Sex Classrooms

Science.gov (United States)

Protheroe, Nancy

2009-01-01

Although single-sex education was once the norm in the U.S., the practice has largely been confined to private schools for more than a century. However, with the introduction of the final version of the U.S. Department of Education's so-called single-sex regulations in 2006, public schools were allowed greater flexibility to offer single-sex…

House dust mite allergen reduction and allergy at 4 yr : Follow up of the PIAMA-study

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Corver, K; Kerkhof, M; Brussee, JE; Brunekreef, B; van Strien, RT; Vos, AP; Smit, HA; Gerritsen, J; Neijens, HJ; de Jongste, JC

Exposure to high allergen levels in early life is a risk factor for the development of allergy. We previously reported limited effects of mite allergen impermeable mattress covers in the prevention and incidence of asthma and mite allergy (PIAMA) cohort at the age of 1 and 2 yr. We now present the

Single Cell Assay for Analyzing Single Cell Exosome and Endocrine Secretion and Cancer Markers

Science.gov (United States)

Chiu, Yu-Jui

To understand the inhomogeneity of cells in biological systems, there is a growing demand for the capability to characterize the properties of individual single cells. Since single cell studies require continuous monitoring of the cell behaviors instead of a snapshot test at a single time point, an effective single-cell assay that can support time lapsed studies in a high throughput manner is desired. Most currently available single-cell technologies cannot provide proper environments to sustain cell growth and cannot provide, for appropriate cell types, proliferation of single cells and convenient, non-invasive tests of single cell behaviors from molecular markers. In this dissertation, I present a highly versatile single-cell assay that can accommodate different cellular types, enable easy and efficient single cell loading and culturing, and be suitable for the study of effects of in-vitro environmental factors in combination with drug screening. The salient features of the assay are the non-invasive collection and surveying of single cell secretions at different time points and massively parallel translocation of single cells by user defined criteria, producing very high compatibility to the downstream process such as single cell qPCR and sequencing. Above all, the acquired information is quantitative -- for example, one of the studies is measured by the number of exosomes each single cell secretes for a given time period. Therefore, our single-cell assay provides a convenient, low-cost, and enabling tool for quantitative, time lapsed studies of single cell properties.

Radiation sensitivity of mammalian cells

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koch, C.J.

1985-01-01

The authors tested various aspects of the so-called ''competition'' model for radiation sensitization/protection. In this model, sensitizers and/or protectors react in first order chemical reactions with radiation-induced target radicals in the cell, producing damage fixation or repair respectively. It is only because of these parallel, first-order competing reactions that they may assign net amounts of damage on the basis of the chemical reactivity of the sentiziers/protectors with the radicals. It might be expected that such a simple model could not explain all aspects of cellular radiosensitivity and this has indeed been found to be true. However, one is able, with the simple model, to pose quite specific questions, and obtain quantitative information with respect to the relative agreement between experiment and theory. Many experiments by several investigators have found areas of disagreement with the competition theory, particularly with respect to the follow items: 1) role of cellular glutathione as the most important endogeneous radiation protector 2) characteristics of various sensitizers which cause them to behave differently from each other 3) methods relating to the quantitative kinetic analysis of experimenal results. This paper addresses these specific areas of disagreement from both an experimental and theoretical basis

Evaluation of the ocular protection for low intensity therapeutic lasers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cordon, Rosely

2003-01-01

The low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been extensively used in medicine and dentistry presenting positive effects. However, the laser radiation can also cause adverse effects. Due to the ocular focalization property, in the wavelength from 400 to 1400 nm, the retina is more susceptible to damage by radiation than any other part of the human body. Then, the ocular protection is frequently emphasized. This protection must attenuate the radiation to a safe level. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60825-1 suggests safety requirements for medical laser equipment, including the ocular protection, based on maximum permissible exposure levels. The Brazilian legislation adopts a corresponding IEC standard, the NBR IEC 601.2.22, for safety requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the ocular protectors furnished by four laser equipment manufacturers, commercially available in Brazil, commonly used for LILT. For this purpose, the laser equipment and the respective ocular protectors were characterized. The adequacy was verified according to the IEC standards. It was found, among other results, ocular protectors attenuating to safe levels the radiation emitted by the respective laser equipment, however, presenting inadequate visual transmission. Inefficient protection and protection indicated in cases where they were not necessary were also observed. (author)

Evaluation of the ocular protection for low intensity therapeutic lasers; Avaliacao da protecao ocular para lasers terapeuticos em baixa intensidade

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cordon, Rosely

2003-07-01

The low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has been extensively used in medicine and dentistry presenting positive effects. However, the laser radiation can also cause adverse effects. Due to the ocular focalization property, in the wavelength from 400 to 1400 nm, the retina is more susceptible to damage by radiation than any other part of the human body. Then, the ocular protection is frequently emphasized. This protection must attenuate the radiation to a safe level. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60825-1 suggests safety requirements for medical laser equipment, including the ocular protection, based on maximum permissible exposure levels. The Brazilian legislation adopts a corresponding IEC standard, the NBR IEC 601.2.22, for safety requirements. The aim of this study was to analyze the adequacy of the ocular protectors furnished by four laser equipment manufacturers, commercially available in Brazil, commonly used for LILT. For this purpose, the laser equipment and the respective ocular protectors were characterized. The adequacy was verified according to the IEC standards. It was found, among other results, ocular protectors attenuating to safe levels the radiation emitted by the respective laser equipment, however, presenting inadequate visual transmission. Inefficient protection and protection indicated in cases where they were not necessary were also observed. (author)

Comparison of muzzle suppression and ear-level hearing protection in firearm use.

Science.gov (United States)

Branch, Matthew Parker

2011-06-01

To compare noise reduction of commercially available ear-level hearing protection (muffs/inserts) to that of firearm muzzle suppressors. Experimental sound measurements under consistent environmental conditions. None. Muzzle suppressors for 2 pistol and 2 rifle calibers were tested using the Bruel & Kjaer 2209 sound meter and Bruel & Kjaer 4136 microphone calibrated with the Bruel & Kjaer Pistonphone using Military-Standard 1474D placement protocol. Five shots were recorded unsuppressed and 10 shots suppressed under consistent environmental conditions. Sound reduction was then compared with the real-world noise reduction rate of the best available ear-level protectors. All suppressors offered significantly greater noise reduction than ear-level protection, usually greater than 50% better. Noise reduction of all ear-level protectors is unable to reduce the impulse pressure below 140 dB for certain common firearms, an international standard for prevention of sensorineural hearing loss. Modern muzzle-level suppression is vastly superior to ear-level protection and the only available form of suppression capable of making certain sporting arms safe for hearing. The inadequacy of standard hearing protectors with certain common firearms is not recognized by most hearing professionals or their patients and should affect the way hearing professionals counsel patients and the public.

The Safety of Hospital Beds: Ingress, Egress, and In-Bed Mobility.

Science.gov (United States)

Morse, Janice M; Gervais, Pierre; Pooler, Charlotte; Merryweather, Andrew; Doig, Alexa K; Bloswick, Donald

2015-01-01

To explore the safety of the standard and the low hospital bed, we report on a microanalysis of 15 patients' ability to ingress, move about the bed, and egress. The 15 participants were purposefully selected with various disabilities. Bed conditions were randomized with side rails up or down and one low bed with side rails down. We explored the patients' use of the side rails, bed height, ability to lift their legs onto the mattress, and ability to turn, egress, and walk back to the chair. The standard bed was too high for some participants, both for ingress and egress. Side rails were used by most participants when entering, turning in bed, and exiting. We recommend that side rails be reconsidered as a means to facilitate in-bed movement, ingress, and egress. Furthermore, single deck height settings for all patients are not optimal. Low beds as a safety measure must be re-evaluated.

The Safety of Hospital Beds

Science.gov (United States)

Gervais, Pierre; Pooler, Charlotte; Merryweather, Andrew; Doig, Alexa K.; Bloswick, Donald

2015-01-01

To explore the safety of the standard and the low hospital bed, we report on a microanalysis of 15 patients’ ability to ingress, move about the bed, and egress. The 15 participants were purposefully selected with various disabilities. Bed conditions were randomized with side rails up or down and one low bed with side rails down. We explored the patients’ use of the side rails, bed height, ability to lift their legs onto the mattress, and ability to turn, egress, and walk back to the chair. The standard bed was too high for some participants, both for ingress and egress. Side rails were used by most participants when entering, turning in bed, and exiting. We recommend that side rails be reconsidered as a means to facilitate in-bed movement, ingress, and egress. Furthermore, single deck height settings for all patients are not optimal. Low beds as a safety measure must be re-evaluated. PMID:28462302

A multistep single-crystal-to-single-crystal bromodiacetylene dimerization

Science.gov (United States)

Hoheisel, Tobias N.; Schrettl, Stephen; Marty, Roman; Todorova, Tanya K.; Corminboeuf, Clémence; Sienkiewicz, Andrzej; Scopelliti, Rosario; Schweizer, W. Bernd; Frauenrath, Holger

2013-04-01

Packing constraints and precise placement of functional groups are the reason that organic molecules in the crystalline state often display unusual physical or chemical properties not observed in solution. Here we report a single-crystal-to-single-crystal dimerization of a bromodiacetylene that involves unusually large atom displacements as well as the cleavage and formation of several bonds. Density functional theory computations support a mechanism in which the dimerization is initiated by a [2 + 1] photocycloaddition favoured by the nature of carbon-carbon short contacts in the crystal structure. The reaction proceeded up to the theoretical degree of conversion without loss of crystallinity, and it was also performed on a preparative scale with good yield. Moreover, it represents the first synthetic pathway to (E)-1,2-dibromo-1,2-diethynylethenes, which could serve as synthetic intermediates for the preparation of molecular carbon scaffolds. Our findings both extend the scope of single-crystal-to-single-crystal reactions and highlight their potential as a synthetic tool for complex transformations.

The effect of different fluoride application methods on the remineralization of initial carious lesions.

Science.gov (United States)

Byeon, Seon Mi; Lee, Min Ho; Bae, Tae Sung

2016-05-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of single and combined applications of fluoride on the amount of fluoride release, and the remineralization and physical properties of enamel. Each of four fluoride varnish and gel products (Fluor Protector, FP, Ivoclar Vivadent; Tooth Mousse Plus, TM, GC; 60 Second Gel, A, Germiphene; CavityShield, CS, 3M ESPE) and two fluoride solutions (2% sodium fluoride, N; 8% tin(ii) fluoride, S) were applied on bovine teeth using single and combined methods (10 per group), and then the amount of fluoride release was measured for 4 wk. The electron probe microanalysis and the Vickers microhardness measurements were conducted to assess the effect of fluoride application on the surface properties of bovine teeth. The amount of fluoride release was higher in combined applications than in single application (p < 0.05). Microhardness values were higher after combined applications of N with FP, TM, and CS than single application of them, and these values were also higher after combined applications of S than single application of A (p < 0.05). Ca and P values were higher in combined applications of N with TM and CS than single application of them (p < 0.05). They were also increased after combined applications of the S with A than after single application (p < 0.05). Combined applications of fluoride could be used as a basis to design more effective methods of fluoride application to provide enhanced remineralization.

Synthetic and natural antioxidants: food quality protectors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Valenzuela, A.

1996-06-01

Full Text Available Oxidation of food lipid components, known as oxidative rancidity is one of the major deteriorative and quality-affecting reactions. Oxidative rancidity is initiated by oxygen free-radicals or by the reaction of molecular oxygen with pre-formed organic free-radicals from polyunsaturated fatty acids composing fats and oils. Oxidation may be prevented or delayed by antioxidants, these substances being organic molecules of either synthetic or natural origin which can scavenge the oxygen free-radicals involved in fatty acid oxidation. Synthetic antioxidants are the most popular and widely used antioxidants, however concerns about it safe to both human and animal health is encouraging research on substances from natural origin showing antioxidant properties. Few natural antioxidants have been proved to be effective when compared to synthetic products in the same experimental conditions. This work summarizes the main characteristics of the most important synthetic antioxidants, also discuss the principal characteristics of four natural antioxidants, comparing the advantages and disadvantages of using natural products compared to synthetic ones, and sight the future for natural products with antioxidant activity.

La oxidación de los componentes lípidos de un alimento, conocida como rancidez oxidativa, es una de las reacciones que deteriora y afecta en forma más importante la calidad de un producto. La rancidez oxidativa es iniciada por radicales libres del oxígeno o por el ataque del oxígeno molecular a radicales libres pre-formados en los ácidos grasos poliinsaturados que forman las grasas y aceites. La oxidación puede ser prevenida o retrasada por los antioxidantes, sustancias orgánicas de origen sintético o natural que actúan como atrapadores de los radicales libres del oxígeno involucrados en la oxidación de los ácidos grasos. Los antioxidantes sintéticos son los más populares y ampliamente utilizados, sin embargo existe preocupación respecto a la seguridad de estos para la salud tanto humana como animal. Esta situación ha estimulado la investigación sobre sustancias de origen natural con actividad antioxidante. Pocas de estas sustancias naturales han probado ser efectivas como antioxidantes cuando se les compara con los productos sintéticos en las mismas condiciones experimentales. Este trabajo resume las principales características de los antioxidantes sintéticos más importantes. También discute las características de cuatro antioxidantes naturales, compara las ventajas y desventajas del uso de antioxidantes naturales en relación a los sintéticos y visualiza el futuro de los productos naturales con actividad antioxidante.

Studies on chemical protectors against radiation, 26

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Yushi; Ohta, Setsuko; Sakurai, Nobuko; Shinoda, Masato

1989-01-01

The protective potency against skin injury on mice induced by X-irradiation was studied by use of 72 extracts of crude drugs. The protective potency was determined according to the degrees of skin injury after irradiation of 1100 R, 30 kVp soft X-ray. As a result of this study, 16 kinds of crude drugs such as Rosae Fructus, Aloe arboresces (Herba), Citri Leiocarpae Exocarpium, Schizonepetae Spica, Evodiae Fructus, Bupleuri Radix, Corni Fructus, Perillae Herba, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Menthae Herba, Trapae Fructus, Angelicae Dahuricae Radix, Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma, Ephedrae Herba. Acer nikoense (Cortex), Forsythiae Fructus, revealed protective potencies on skin injury. (author)

Studies on chemical protectors against radiation, 31

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Yushi; Ohta, Setsuko; Shinoda, Masato

1990-01-01

Protective effects of Aloe arborescens (AA) on mouse skin injury induced by soft X-irradiation were examined. The mechanisms on radiation protection by measuring scavenge activity of activated oxygen, protective effects of nucleic acid, induction of antioxidative protein and so on were further investigated. Consequently a significant protective effect of skin injury was observed in AA S6-3-b. As the mechanisms of radiation protection in AA, the following matters were found. AA S6-3-b showed scavenge activity of hydroxyl radicals generated by Haber-Weiss reaction. AA S6-3-b suppressed the changes of activity in superoxide dismutase and gluthathione peroxidase at 7d after soft X-irradiation. Metallothionein was induced in the skin and liver against normal mice at 24 h after administration of AA S6-3-b. (author)

Development of local radio protectors and adaptogens

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Praliev, K.; Seitkazina, G.; Karabalin, V.Yu.

1996-01-01

The works in the field of search and study of new highly efficient and safe preparations for prevention and treatment of many diseases are most important in this country because of the grievous ecological situation some of its regions. In particular, essential territorial contamination by radionuclides causing a threat of people radioactive poisoning and total absence of radioprotectors aggravate the above-stated problem, as it is known, that many medicinal prepared lions are low efficient in conditions .of beam affection. Besides there is another problem - it concerns elaboration of efficient adaptogens - medicinal means that help a diseased organism to manage the illness more fast.Taking into account that the problem is most vital and significant research experience on new domestic radioprotectors and adaptogens is available, we have determined the forthcoming research main tasks: - Ynthetic investigations for the piperidine derivative series, purposed to the synthesis methods development, total substances identification and elaboration of experimental samples for pharmacological research. - The synthesized substances pharmacological tests according to the principles of radioprotector and adaptogen primary selection. - Selected preparations biochemical tests on radionuclide-affected experimental animals

The national income of Bechuanaland Protectorate 1955*

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D. P. Erasmus

1961-03-01

Full Text Available The problems of economic development in Africa, south of the Sahara, excluding the Union of South Africa, may in general be regarded as homogeneous. Most of the inhabitants of this continent are Bantu, whose productivity and standard of living in terms of Western civilization are fairlyl ow. This low productivity may inter aliabe ascribed to the fact that the economicactivities in the relevant national economies are characterized by the desire to supply only the minimum requirements of existence.

Studies on chemical protectors against radiation, 18

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shinoda, Masato; Ohta, Setsuko; Hayase, Yukitoshi

1978-01-01

Radiation protective effect of S,2-aminomethylisothiuronium bromide hydrobromide and 2-mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride was tested on mice irradiated with soft x-ray of 70 kVp, using life-prolongation effect as an index. These compounds showed a marked effect on mice irradiated with 11000--13000 R, using a 10 mm acrylate filter. This method seemed to be usable as a potency testing for chemical radioprotectors. (auth.)

Studies on chemical protectors against radiation, 29

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Cheng-Ming; Ohta, Setsuko; Shinoda, Masato

1990-01-01

In order to investigate useful protective medicines for the relief of skin injury induced by irradiation, 60 methanol extracts of Chinese traditional medicines were used in the test of protective potency on skin injury. ICR male mice at 6 weeks of age were whole-body irradiated with 1100R by using a soft X-ray generator (30 kVp, 10 mA, 190 R/min). Each methanol extract of these medicines was injected intraperitoneally into mice before or after irradiation. The degrees of skin injury were determined by a score system of skin reaction within the observation period from 21st to 40th day after irradiation. Protective potency of each medicine on skin injury was calculated from the maximum mean scores of administrated group and un-administrated group. As a result of these studies, the protective potency was detected in Unsei-in, Kumibinro-to, Keisi-syakuyaku-chimo-to, Keigai-rengyo-to, Gosyuyu-to, Koso-san, Saiko-seikan-to, Syo-kankyo-to, Syo-saiko-to, Syoma-kakkon-to, Sen-kan-meimoku-to, Zokumei-to, Sokei-kakketu-to, Bokuryo-in, Mao-to and Rikkunsi-to by intraperitoneal injection before irradiation. Of these effective medicines, only Unsei-in and Mao-to are shown to have a significant protective effect by intraperitoneal injection after irradiation. (author)

Tailoring single-photon and multiphoton probabilities of a single-photon on-demand source

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Migdall, A.L.; Branning, D.; Castelletto, S.

2002-01-01

As typically implemented, single-photon sources cannot be made to produce single photons with high probability, while simultaneously suppressing the probability of yielding two or more photons. Because of this, single-photon sources cannot really produce single photons on demand. We describe a multiplexed system that allows the probabilities of producing one and more photons to be adjusted independently, enabling a much better approximation of a source of single photons on demand

Fast recognition of single molecules based on single-event photon statistics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong Shuangli; Huang Tao; Liu Yuan; Wang Jun; Zhang Guofeng; Xiao Liantuan; Jia Suotang

2007-01-01

Mandel's Q parameter, which is determined from single-event photon statistics, provides an alternative way to recognize single molecules with fluorescence detection, other than the second-order correlation function. It is shown that the Q parameter of an assumed ideal double-molecule fluorescence with the same average photon number as that of the sample fluorescence can act as the criterion for single-molecule recognition. The influence of signal-to-background ratio and the error estimates for photon statistics are also presented. We have applied this method to ascertain single Cy5 dye molecules within hundreds of milliseconds

A novel high-efficiency single-mode quantum dot single photon source

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gerard, J.M.; Gregersen, Niels; Nielsen, Torben Roland

2008-01-01

We present a novel single-mode single photon source exploiting the emission of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) located inside a photonic wire. Besides an excellent coupling (>95%) of QD spontaneous emission to the fundamental guided mode [1], we show that a single photon collection efficiency...... above 80% within a 0.5 numerical aperture can be achieved using a bottom Bragg mirror and a tapering of the nanowire tip. Because this photon collection strategy does not exploit the Purcell effect, it could also be efficiently applied to broadband single photon emitters such as F-centers in diamond....

Single-photon imaging

CERN Document Server

Seitz, Peter

2011-01-01

The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncoooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist´s view from different domains to the forthcoming “single-photon imaging” revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internati...

House dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for treating eczema.

Science.gov (United States)

Nankervis, Helen; Pynn, Emma V; Boyle, Robert J; Rushton, Lesley; Williams, Hywel C; Hewson, Deanne M; Platts-Mills, Thomas

2015-01-19

Eczema is an inflammatory skin disease that tends to involve skin creases, such as the folds of the elbows or knees; it is an intensely itchy skin condition, which can relapse and remit over time. As many as a third of people with eczema who have a positive test for allergy to house dust mite have reported worsening of eczema or respiratory symptoms when exposed to dust. To assess the effects of all house dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for the treatment of eczema. We searched the following databases up to 14 August 2014: the Cochrane Skin Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL in The Cochrane Library (2014, Issue 8), MEDLINE (from 1946), Embase (from 1974), LILACS (from 1982), and the GREAT database. We also searched five trials registers and checked the reference lists of included and excluded studies for further references to relevant studies. We handsearched abstracts from international eczema and allergy meetings. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any of the house dust mite reduction and avoidance measures for the treatment of eczema, which included participants of any age diagnosed by a clinician with eczema as defined by the World Allergy Organization. We included all non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions that sought to reduce or avoid exposure to house dust mite and their allergenic faeces. The comparators were any active treatment, no treatment, placebo, or standard care only. Two authors independently checked the titles and abstracts identified, and there were no disagreements. We contacted authors of included studies for additional information. We assessed the risk of bias using Cochrane methodology. We included seven studies of 324 adults and children with eczema. Overall, the included studies had a high risk of bias. Four of the seven trials tested interventions with multiple components, and three tested a single intervention. Two of the seven trials included only children, four included children and adults, and one

The biomechanical effects of polytetrafluoroethylene suture augmentations in lateral-row rotator cuff repairs in an ovine model.

Science.gov (United States)

Beimers, Lijkele; Lam, Patrick H; Murrell, George A C

2014-10-01

This study investigated the biomechanical effects of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) suture augmentation patches in rotator cuff repair constructs. The infraspinatus tendon in 24 cadaveric ovine shoulders was repaired using an inverted horizontal mattress suture with 2 knotless bone anchors (ArthroCare, Austin, TX, USA) in a lateral-row configuration. Four different repair groups (6 per group) were created: (1) standard repair using inverted horizontal mattress sutures, (2) repair with ePTFE suture augmentations on the bursal side of the tendon, (3) repair with ePTFE suture augmentations on the articular side, and, (4) repair with ePTFE suture augmentations on both sides of the tendon. Footprint contact pressure, stiffness, and the load to failure of the repair constructs were measured. Repairs with ePTFE suture augmentations on the bursal side exerted significantly more footprint contact pressure (0.40 ± 0.01 MPa) than those on the articular side (0.34 ± 0.02 MPa, P = .04) and those on both sides (0.33 ± 0.02 MPa, P = .01). At 15 degrees of abduction, ePTFE-augmented repairs on the bursal side had higher footprint contact pressure (0.26 ± 0.03 MPa) compared with standard repairs (0.15 ± 0.02 MPa, P = .01) and with ePTFE-augmented repairs on the articular side (0.18 ± 0.02 MPa, P = .03). The ePTFE-augmented repairs on the bursal side demonstrated significantly higher failure loads (178 ± 18 N) than standard repairs (120 ± 17 N, P = .04). Inverted horizontal mattress sutures augmented with ePTFE patches on the bursal side of the tendon enhanced footprint contact pressures and the ultimate load to failure of lateral-row rotator cuff repairs in an ovine model. Copyright © 2014 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A lumbar body support (KBS 2000) alters lumbar muscle recruitment ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

random order) either a flat conventional mattress or a LBS placed on top of the ... mirrored these changes and were higher in patients only when lying on the flat ... While studies have examined the effect of lumbar support on LBP during sitting ... measured using a 4-channel EMG and customised software programme (EM8 ...

Sengeheste og småbørn kan være en farlig cocktail

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lundemose, Sissel Banner; Scherer, Susanne; Hougen, Hans Petter

2016-01-01

We present a case with a two-year-old girl, who accidentally got caught between a mattress and a metal rod used as rail of an upper bunk and almost got suffocated. To rule out child abuse and to clarify the sequence of events, the incident was reported to the police. The police investigation...

Making 'what works' work

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Plum, Maja

2017-01-01

and a mattress. As such, the paper shows how DR, as an evidence-based method, is established through concrete relations, rather than abstracted and universal principals. It argues that these relations stabilising DR are never enacted once and for all, but require continual work to be held together as a method...... that ‘works’....

Single-photon imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seitz, Peter; Theuwissen, Albert J.P.

2011-01-01

The acquisition and interpretation of images is a central capability in almost all scientific and technological domains. In particular, the acquisition of electromagnetic radiation, in the form of visible light, UV, infrared, X-ray, etc. is of enormous practical importance. The ultimate sensitivity in electronic imaging is the detection of individual photons. With this book, the first comprehensive review of all aspects of single-photon electronic imaging has been created. Topics include theoretical basics, semiconductor fabrication, single-photon detection principles, imager design and applications of different spectral domains. Today, the solid-state fabrication capabilities for several types of image sensors has advanced to a point, where uncooled single-photon electronic imaging will soon become a consumer product. This book is giving a specialist's view from different domains to the forthcoming ''single-photon imaging'' revolution. The various aspects of single-photon imaging are treated by internationally renowned, leading scientists and technologists who have all pioneered their respective fields. (orig.)

Single-photon sources

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lounis, Brahim; Orrit, Michel

2005-01-01

The concept of the photon, central to Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect, is exactly 100 years old. Yet, while photons have been detected individually for more than 50 years, devices producing individual photons on demand have only appeared in the last few years. New concepts for single-photon sources, or 'photon guns', have originated from recent progress in the optical detection, characterization and manipulation of single quantum objects. Single emitters usually deliver photons one at a time. This so-called antibunching of emitted photons can arise from various mechanisms, but ensures that the probability of obtaining two or more photons at the same time remains negligible. We briefly recall basic concepts in quantum optics and discuss potential applications of single-photon states to optical processing of quantum information: cryptography, computing and communication. A photon gun's properties are significantly improved by coupling it to a resonant cavity mode, either in the Purcell or strong-coupling regimes. We briefly recall early production of single photons with atomic beams, and the operation principles of macroscopic parametric sources, which are used in an overwhelming majority of quantum-optical experiments. We then review the photophysical and spectroscopic properties and compare the advantages and weaknesses of various single nanometre-scale objects used as single-photon sources: atoms or ions in the gas phase and, in condensed matter, organic molecules, defect centres, semiconductor nanocrystals and heterostructures. As new generations of sources are developed, coupling to cavities and nano-fabrication techniques lead to improved characteristics, delivery rates and spectral ranges. Judging from the brisk pace of recent progress, we expect single photons to soon proceed from demonstrations to applications and to bring with them the first practical uses of quantum information

Revisión sistemática de los contructos psicológicos y contextuales protectores de la salud de los niños Systematic review of psychological and contextual protective constructs of health in children

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Carolina Interlandi

2011-12-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo se basa en el supuesto que las dimensiones de carácter psicológico-contextuales son fundamentales para comprender y promover el desarrollo saludable en los niños. Nuestro objetivo ha sido sintetizar la evidencia disponible en la bibliografía internacional acerca de los factores psicológico-contextuales que protegen la salud integral de los niños de 6 a 12 años, así como efectuar una sistematización de los abordajes metodológicos y hallazgos resultantes de los estudios revisados. La metodología consistió en una búsqueda en bases de datos especializadas y metabuscadores. Los criterios de inclusión han sido aquellos trabajos publicados en inglés, español o portugués entre los años 2000 a 2010. A partir de la revisión efectuada se han obtenido como resultados la constatación de evidencias en torno a la existencia de factores protectores de carácter personal, familiar y comunitario; cuyo estudio debe ser profundizado para orientar las políticas públicas de salud y salud mental dirigidas a los niños.The present paper is based on the supposition that the psychological- contextual protective dimensions are fundamental to understand and to promote the healthy development in children. Our goal has been to synthesize the evidence in the international literature of the psychological - contextual factors that protect the health of children aged between 6 to 12 years old, as well as to make a systematization of the methodological approaches and indings of the studies reviewed. A detail search was done in generic and specialized databases and in metasearchers. Inclusion criteria were language Spanish, English and Portuguese publications between 2000 and 2010. From the systematic review, we obtained as result the verification of evidences about the existence of protective personal, familiar and community factors. The study of these dimensions must be deepened to orientate the public policies on children health.

50 CFR 23.1 - What are the purposes of these regulations and CITES?

Science.gov (United States)

2010-10-01

... from the viewpoints of aesthetics, science, culture, recreation, and economics. (3) Although countries should be the best protectors of their own wildlife and plants, international cooperation is essential to...

Single banking supervision and the single supervisory mechanism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gheorghe, C. A.

2013-06-01

Full Text Available A resolution seems to have been found for the banking crisis. The first steps have been made towards the construction of the Economic and Monetary Union, steps involving the single supervision of banks, in order to avoid the discount of a new financial crisis on the expense of the EU state members. The Single Supervisory Mechanism – SSM is to become effective as of March 1, 2014, at the earliest.

[Prevention of pressure ulcers].

Science.gov (United States)

Negishi, Kenichi

2009-12-01

Even though they have not been diagnosed with a recognized disease, many people have or are at risk of contracting debilitating conditions. They can be referred to as being in the "ill-health zone." For example, many bedridden elderly develop pressure ulcers. The prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers should focus on two main factors: the role of pressure in the development of circulatory disorders; and increased dermal pH. In preventing the development of circulatory disorders resulting in pressure ulcers, using an air or polyurethane mattress is helpful. However, changing the mattress has little effect if the position of the bedridden person is not also changed regularly. To avoid an increase in dermal pH, caregivers should apply moisture-repellent cream and/or oil to the sacral region after careful cleansing. It is important that such preventive measures and treatment be performed daily, and caregivers should be educated on this need and subsequently monitored. Pharmacists have a role in caring for those in the ill-health zone.

Pressure ulcer incidence and progression in critically ill subjects: influence of low air loss mattress versus a powered air pressure redistribution mattress.

Science.gov (United States)

Black, Joyce; Berke, Christine; Urzendowski, Gail

2012-01-01

The primary objective of this study was to compare facility-acquired pressure ulcer incidence and progression of pressure ulcers present on admission in critically ill patients, using 2 different support surfaces. We completed a comparison cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU). The study setting was a 12-bed cardiovascular ICU in a university-based hospital in the Midwestern United States. The sample comprised 52 critically ill patients; 31 were placed on low air loss weight-based pressure redistribution-microclimate management system beds and 21 were placed on integrated powered air pressure redistribution beds. Prior to the start of the study, 5 low airloss beds were placed in open rooms in the cardiovascular surgical ICU. Inclusion criteria were anticipated ICU stay of 3 days, and patients did not receive a speciality bed for pulmonary or wound issues. Initial assessment of the patients included risk assessment and prior events that would increase risk for pressure ulcer development such as extended time in operating room, along with skin assessment for existing pressure ulcers. Subjects in both groups had ongoing skin assessment every 3 to 4 days and a subjective evaluation of heel elevation and turning or repositioning by the researcher. Data were collected until the subjects were dismissed from the ICU. Patients admitted to the unit were assigned to open rooms following the usual protocols. The mean length of stay was 7.0 days, with an 8.1-day length of stay for subjects on "low air loss with microclimate management" beds (LAL-MCM) and 6.6 days on the integrated power pressure air redistribution (IP-AR) beds (P = NS). The incidence of pressure ulcers on the buttocks, sacrum, or coccyx was 0% (0/31) on the low air loss bed and 18% (4/21) on the IP-AR bed (P = .046). Five subjects had 6 pressure ulcers on admission. Two pressure ulcers on 2 patients worsened on the integrated power air redistribution beds, which required specialty bed rental costing the facility $4116. No subjects on the low air loss beds experienced worsening of existing pressure ulcer. One patient with a deep tissue injury present on admission improved on the LAL-MCM bed. The IP-AR beds were approximately 7 years old, and the LAL-MCM beds were new. Critically ill subjects placed on low air loss beds with microclimate management in surgical ICUs had a lower pressure ulcer incidence than those placed on integrated powered air pressure redistribution beds. The clinical performance of the IP-AR surfaces may have been influenced by their age.

Work life and mental wellbeing of single and non-single working mothers in Scandinavia.

Science.gov (United States)

Bull, Torill; Mittelmark, Maurice B

2009-08-01

This study examined levels and predictors of mental wellbeing in Scandinavian working single and non-single mothers, with a special focus on financial stress, job characteristics and work-family conflict. The European Social Survey Round 2 (2005) provided questionnaire data from 73 single and 432 non-single working mothers in Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Respondents answered questions about the outcome variables life satisfaction, happiness, and positive affect, and predictor variables financial stress, job characteristics, work-family conflict, and social support. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to assess the relationships between predictor variables and mental wellbeing outcomes. Single working mothers scored significantly lower on life satisfaction and happiness, but not on positive affect, than did non-single mothers. Financial stress was higher in the single mother group. There were no significant differences in levels of enriching or stressful job characteristics, or in levels of social support. While financial stress and work-family conflict were important predictors in both groups, the relationship between financial stress and wellbeing was far stronger in the single mother group. Confidant support was a significant predictor only in the single mother group, and social participation only in the non-single mothers group. This study suggests that the Scandinavian welfare democracies have not yet been successful in relieving the financial pressure experienced by single working mothers. Development of efficient financial support systems should be prioritized. Ways to reduce work-family conflict in both single and non-single mothers in Scandinavia should also be given increased attention.

40 CFR 211.210-1 - General requirements.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-07-01

... this regulation: (1) Must be labeled at the point of ultimate purchase or distribution to the...) Manufacturers who distribute protectors in commerce to another manufacturer for packaging for ultimate purchase...

Coherent single-photon absorption by single emitters coupled to one-dimensional nanophotonic waveguides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chen Yuntian; Wubs, Martijn; Moerk, Jesper [DTU Fotonik, Department of Photonics Engineering, Oersteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby (Denmark); Koenderink, A Femius, E-mail: yche@fotonik.dtu.dk [Center for Nanophotonics, FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (AMOLF), Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam (Netherlands)

2011-10-15

We study the dynamics of single-photon absorption by a single emitter coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide that simultaneously provides channels for spontaneous emission (SE) decay and a channel for the input photon. We have developed a time-dependent theory that allows us to specify any input single-photon wavepacket guided by the waveguide as the initial condition, and calculate the excitation probability of the emitter, as well as the time evolution of the transmitted and reflected fields. For single-photon wavepackets with a Gaussian spectrum and temporal shape, we obtain analytical solutions for the dynamics of absorption, with maximum atomic excitation {approx}40%. We furthermore propose a terminated waveguide to aid the single-photon absorption. We found that for an emitter placed at an optimal distance from the termination, the maximum atomic excitation due to an incident single-photon wavepacket can exceed 70%. This high value is a direct consequence of the high SE {beta}-factor for emission into the waveguide. Finally, we have also explored whether waveguide dispersion could aid single-photon absorption by pulse shaping. For a Gaussian input wavepacket, we found that the absorption efficiency can be improved by a further 4% by engineering the dispersion. Efficient single-photon absorption by a single emitter has potential applications in quantum communication and quantum computation. (paper)

Single-Mode VCSELs

Science.gov (United States)

Larsson, Anders; Gustavsson, Johan S.

The only active transverse mode in a truly single-mode VCSEL is the fundamental mode with a near Gaussian field distribution. A single-mode VCSEL produces a light beam of higher spectral purity, higher degree of coherence and lower divergence than a multimode VCSEL and the beam can be more precisely shaped and focused to a smaller spot. Such beam properties are required in many applications. In this chapter, after discussing applications of single-mode VCSELs, we introduce the basics of fields and modes in VCSELs and review designs implemented for single-mode emission from VCSELs in different materials and at different wavelengths. This includes VCSELs that are inherently single-mode as well as inherently multimode VCSELs where higher-order modes are suppressed by mode selective gain or loss. In each case we present the current state-of-the-art and discuss pros and cons. At the end, a specific example with experimental results is provided and, as a summary, the most promising designs based on current technologies are identified.

Robotic-assisted single-port donor nephrectomy using the da Vinci single-site platform.

Science.gov (United States)

LaMattina, John C; Alvarez-Casas, Josue; Lu, Irene; Powell, Jessica M; Sultan, Samuel; Phelan, Michael W; Barth, Rolf N

2018-02-01

Although single-port donor nephrectomy offers improved cosmetic outcomes, technical challenges have limited its application to selected centers. Our center has performed over 400 single-port donor nephrectomies. The da Vinci single-site robotic platform was utilized in an effort to overcome the steric, visualization, ergonomic, and other technical limitations associated with the single-port approach. Food and Drug Administration device exemption was obtained. Selection criteria for kidney donation included body mass index da Vinci single-site platform. Our experience supported the safety of this approach but found that the technology added cost and complexity without tangible benefit. Development of articulating instruments, energy, and stapling devices will be necessary for increased application of robotic single-site surgery for donor nephrectomy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Control of Single-Stage Single-Phase PV inverter

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Ciobotaru, Mihai; Teodorescu, Remus; Blaabjerg, Frede

2005-01-01

In this paper the issue of control strategies for single-stage photovoltaic (PV) inverter is addressed. Two different current controllers have been implemented and an experimental comparison between them has been made. A complete control structure for the single-phase PV system is also presented......-forward; - and the grid current controller implemented in two different ways, using the classical proportional integral (PI) and the novel proportional resonant (PR) controllers. The control strategy was tested experimentally on 1.5 kW PV inverter....

Superconducting Single Photon Detectors

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Dorenbos, S.N.

2011-01-01

This thesis is about the development of a detector for single photons, particles of light. New techniques are being developed that require high performance single photon detection, such as quantum cryptography, single molecule detection, optical radar, ballistic imaging, circuit testing and

Coherent single-photon absorption by single emitters coupled to 1D nanophotonic waveguides

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Chen, Yuntian; Wubs, Martijn; Mørk, Jesper

2012-01-01

We have derived an efficient model that allows calculating the dynamical single-photon absorption of an emitter coupled to a waveguide. We suggest a novel and simple structure that leads to strong single-photon absorption.......We have derived an efficient model that allows calculating the dynamical single-photon absorption of an emitter coupled to a waveguide. We suggest a novel and simple structure that leads to strong single-photon absorption....

Single-base resolution and long-coverage sequencing based on single-molecule nanomanipulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

An Hongjie; Huang Jiehuan; Lue Ming; Li Xueling; Lue Junhong; Li Haikuo; Zhang Yi; Li Minqian; Hu Jun

2007-01-01

We show new approaches towards a novel single-molecule sequencing strategy which consists of high-resolution positioning isolation of overlapping DNA fragments with atomic force microscopy (AFM), subsequent single-molecule PCR amplification and conventional Sanger sequencing. In this study, a DNA labelling technique was used to guarantee the accuracy in positioning the target DNA. Single-molecule multiplex PCR was carried out to test the contamination. The results showed that the two overlapping DNA fragments isolated by AFM could be successfully sequenced with high quality and perfect contiguity, indicating that single-base resolution and long-coverage sequencing have been achieved simultaneously

Single neuron computation

CERN Document Server

McKenna, Thomas M; Zornetzer, Steven F

1992-01-01

This book contains twenty-two original contributions that provide a comprehensive overview of computational approaches to understanding a single neuron structure. The focus on cellular-level processes is twofold. From a computational neuroscience perspective, a thorough understanding of the information processing performed by single neurons leads to an understanding of circuit- and systems-level activity. From the standpoint of artificial neural networks (ANNs), a single real neuron is as complex an operational unit as an entire ANN, and formalizing the complex computations performed by real n

Single particle tracking and single molecule energy transfer

CERN Document Server

Bräuchle, Christoph; Michaelis, Jens

2009-01-01

Closing a gap in the literature, this handbook gathers all the information on single particle tracking and single molecule energy transfer. It covers all aspects of this hot and modern topic, from detecting virus entry to membrane diffusion, and from protein folding using spFRET to coupled dye systems, as well recent achievements in the field. Throughout, the first-class editors and top international authors present content of the highest quality, making this a must-have for physical chemists, spectroscopists, molecular physicists and biochemists.

75 FR 57835 - Constitution Day and Citizenship Day, Constitution Week, 2010

Science.gov (United States)

2010-09-22

... four short months, delegates to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia established a... government, a protector of liberties, and a guarantee that we are all free to shape our own destiny. As we...

Single photon ECT

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maeda, Toshio; Matsuda, Hiroshi; Tada, Akira; Bunko, Hisashi; Koizumi, Kiyoshi

1982-01-01

The detectability of lesions located deep in a body or overlapped with a physiologically increased activity improve with the help of single photon ECT. In some cases, the ECT is superior to the conventional gamma camera images and X-ray CT scans in the evaluation of the location and size of lesion. The single photon ECT of the brain compares favorably with the contrast enhansed X-ray CT scans. The most important adaptation of the single photon ECT are the detection of recurrent brain tumors after craniotomy and the evaluation of ischemic heart diseases. (author)

Single-sided NMR

CERN Document Server

Casanova, Federico; Blümich, Bernhard

2011-01-01

Single-Sided NMR describes the design of the first functioning single-sided tomograph, the related measurement methods, and a number of applications. One of the key advantages to this method is the speed at which the images are obtained.

Single molecules and nanotechnology

CERN Document Server

Vogel, Horst

2007-01-01

This book focuses on recent advances in the rapidly evolving field of single molecule research. These advances are of importance for the investigation of biopolymers and cellular biochemical reactions, and are essential to the development of quantitative biology. Written by leading experts in the field, the articles cover a broad range of topics, including: quantum photonics of organic dyes and inorganic nanoparticles their use in detecting properties of single molecules the monitoring of single molecule (enzymatic) reactions single protein (un)folding in nanometer-sized confined volumes the dynamics of molecular interactions in biological cells The book is written for advanced students and scientists who wish to survey the concepts, techniques and results of single molecule research and assess them for their own scientific activities.

Pervasive within-Mitochondrion Single-Nucleotide Variant Heteroplasmy as Revealed by Single-Mitochondrion Sequencing

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jacqueline Morris

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Summary: A number of mitochondrial diseases arise from single-nucleotide variant (SNV accumulation in multiple mitochondria. Here, we present a method for identification of variants present at the single-mitochondrion level in individual mouse and human neuronal cells, allowing for extremely high-resolution study of mitochondrial mutation dynamics. We identified extensive heteroplasmy between individual mitochondrion, along with three high-confidence variants in mouse and one in human that were present in multiple mitochondria across cells. The pattern of variation revealed by single-mitochondrion data shows surprisingly pervasive levels of heteroplasmy in inbred mice. Distribution of SNV loci suggests inheritance of variants across generations, resulting in Poisson jackpot lines with large SNV load. Comparison of human and mouse variants suggests that the two species might employ distinct modes of somatic segregation. Single-mitochondrion resolution revealed mitochondria mutational dynamics that we hypothesize to affect risk probabilities for mutations reaching disease thresholds. : Morris et al. use independent sequencing of multiple individual mitochondria from mouse and human brain cells to show high pervasiveness of mutations. The mutations are heteroplasmic within single mitochondria and within and between cells. These findings suggest mechanisms by which mutations accumulate over time, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and disease. Keywords: single mitochondrion, single cell, human neuron, mouse neuron, single-nucleotide variation

Effect of fluoride varnish on Streptococcus mutans counts in plaque of caries-free children using Dentocult SM strip mutans test: a randomized controlled triple blind study.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeevarathan, J; Deepti, A; Muthu, M S; Rathna Prabhu, V; Chamundeeswari, G S

2007-01-01

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and although of multifactorial origin, Streptococcus mutans is considered the chief pathogen in its development. Fluoride is one of the most effective agents used for the reduction of dental caries apart from oral hygiene maintenance. The aim of this study was to estimate the counts of Streptococcus mutans and to evaluate the effect of Fluor Protector fluoride varnish on these counts in the plaque of caries-free children using Dentocult SM Strip Mutans. Thirty caries-free subjects were selected for the study based on the information obtained from a questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the control group consisting of ten subjects and the study group consisting of twenty subjects. Plaque samples were collected on the strips from the Dentocult SM kit and after incubation, the presence of Streptococcus mutans was evaluated using the manufacturer's chart. The study group was subjected to a Fluor Protector fluoride varnish application following which the samples were collected again after 24 hours. The average Streptococcus mutans counts in the primary dentition of caries-free children before and after the application of Fluor Protector fluoride varnish were 10(4)-10(5) colony forming units (CFU)/ml and <10(4) CFU/ml respectively. The results showed that the study group had a statistically significant reduction in the plaque Streptococcus mutans counts than the control group.

Biomechanical comparison of 4 double-row suture-bridging rotator cuff repair techniques using different medial-row configurations.

Science.gov (United States)

Pauly, Stephan; Kieser, Bettina; Schill, Alexander; Gerhardt, Christian; Scheibel, Markus

2010-10-01

Biomechanical comparison of different suture-bridge configurations of the medial row with respect to initial construct stability (time 0, porcine model). In 40 porcine fresh-frozen shoulders, the infraspinatus tendons were dissected from their insertions. All specimens were operated on by use of the suture-bridge technique, only differing in terms of the medial-row suture-grasping configuration, and randomized into 4 groups: (1) single-mattress (SM) technique, (2) double-mattress (DM) technique, (3) cross-stitch (CS) technique, and (4) double-pulley (DP) technique. Identical suture anchors were used for all specimens (medial: Bio-Corkscrew FT 5.5 [Arthrex, Naples, FL]; lateral: Bio-PushLock 3.5 [Arthrex]). All repairs were cyclically loaded from 10 to 60 N until 10 to 200 N (20-N stepwise increase after 50 cycles each) with a material testing machine. Forces at 3 and 5 mm of gap formation, mode of failure, and maximum load to failure were recorded. The DM technique had the highest ultimate tensile strength (368.6 ± 99.5 N) compared with the DP (248.4 ± 122.7 N), SM (204.3 ± 90 N), and CS (184.9 ± 63.8 N) techniques (P = .004). The DM technique provided maximal force resistance until 3 and 5 mm of gap formation (90.0 ± 18.1 N and 128.0 ± 32.3 N, respectively) compared with the CS (72 ± 8.9 N and 108 ± 20.2 N, respectively), SM (66.0 ± 8.9 N and 90.0 ± 26.9 N, respectively), and DP (62.2 ± 6.2 N and 71 ± 13.2 N, respectively) techniques (P biomechanical construct stability at time 0 in this porcine ex vivo model. This technique increases initial stability and resistance to suture cutting through the rotator cuff tendon after arthroscopic suture-bridge repair. Copyright © 2010 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Single photon emission tomography

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buvat, Irene

2011-09-01

The objective of this lecture is to present the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging technique. Content: 1 - Introduction: anatomic, functional and molecular imaging; Principle and role of functional or molecular imaging; 2 - Radiotracers: chemical and physical constraints, main emitters, radioisotopes production, emitters type and imaging techniques; 3 - Single photon emission computed tomography: gamma cameras and their components, gamma camera specifications, planar single photon imaging characteristics, gamma camera and tomography; 4 - Quantification in single photon emission tomography: attenuation, scattering, un-stationary spatial resolution, partial volume effect, movements, others; 5 - Synthesis and conclusion

Single ventricle cardiac defect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eren, B.; Turkmen, N.; Fedakar, R.; Cetin, V.

2010-01-01

Single ventricle heart is defined as a rare cardiac abnormality with a single ventricle chamber involving diverse functional and physiological defects. Our case is of a ten month-old baby boy who died shortly after admission to the hospital due to vomiting and diarrhoea. Autopsy findings revealed cyanosis of finger nails and ears. Internal examination revealed; large heart, weighing 60 grams, single ventricle, without a septum and upper membranous part. Single ventricle is a rare pathology, hence, this paper aims to discuss this case from a medico-legal point of view. (author)

Self-templated synthesis of single-crystal and single-domain ferroelectric nanoplates

KAUST Repository

Chao, Chunying; Ren, Zhaohui; Zhu, Yihan; Xiao, Zhen; Liu, Zhenya; Xú , Gang; Mai, Jiangquan; Li, Xiang; Shen, Ge; Han, Gaorong

2012-01-01

Free-standing single-crystal PbTiO 3 nanoplates (see picture) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. A "self-templated" crystal growth is presumed to lead to the formation of the PbTiO 3 nanoplates, which have ferroelectric single

The occupational effects of unconventional (custom-made hearing protection for platinum mine workers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. J. Steenkamp

2003-10-01

Full Text Available Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL is on the priority list of the World Health Organisation (WHO. Hearing loss due to industrial noise exposure is the most prevalent industrial disease. Noise (above 85 dB is not only a physical hazard, but also a psychological hazard that may create or exacerbate ergonomic or mechanical hazards. Conventional hearing protection devices (HPDs are widely applied but also misused in the mining sector. In this investigation ownership and general attitudes were measured by determining how unconventional hearing protectors (custom-made hearing protectors (CHPDs is experienced by the mine- workers. The results could indicate whether these protectors, which is perceived by management to be costly, sophisticated and difficult to implement on a large scale, are a viable alternative to conventional hearing protectors. The results indicated certain positive directions in terms of quality hearing conservation and confirmed that CHPDs (with its unique features do not only protect hearing but has several other occupational benefits. Opsomming Geraasdoofheid is op die prioriteitslys van die Wêreld Gesondheidsorganisasie (WHO. Gehoorverlies wat deur industriële geraasblootstelling veroorsaak word, word as die mees prominente beroepgesondheidsiekte beskou. Geraas (bo 85 dB is nie net ’n fisiese risiko nie, maar hou ook ook psigologiese gevare in, wat ander meganiese en ergonomiese risiko’s kan veroorsaak of vererger. Konvensionele geraasdempers word op grootskaal in die mynsektor gebruik, maar ook wanaangewend. In hierdie ondersoek is eienaarskap en die algemene gesindhede van gebruikers gemeet deur te bepaal hoe onkonvensionele gehoorbeskermers (doelgemaakte gehoorbeskermers deur die mynwerkers self ervaar word. Die resultate kan as ‘n aanduiding dien of hierdie beskermers, wat dikwels deur bestuur as duur, gesofistikeerd en moeilik op ‘n grootskaal implementeerbaar is, as ’n lewensvatbare alternatief tot konvensionele

Menyoal Kebebasan Beragama dan Penodaan Agama Di Indonesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yayan Sopyan

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Questioning the Religious Freedom and blasphemy in Indonesia. The presence of the Constitutional Court in the reform era is the strengthening of the foundations of constitutionalism in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Year 1945. The Court in this case a role to enforce and the protector of the citizen's constitutional rights and the protector of the human rights. Including in this case, the right to religion and religious practices and teachings of their respective religions, in accordance with the constitutional mandate. However, on the other hand there is the discourse of freedom of expression and freedom of speech includes freedom to broadcast religious beliefs and understanding of the "deviant" and against the "mainstream" religious beliefs and understanding in general, as in the case of Ahmadiyah. The Court in this case is required to provide the best attitude when faced judicial review in this case still required in addition to guarding the constitution in order to run properly.   Abstrak: Menyoal Kebebasan Beragama dan Penodaan Agama di Indonesia. Kehadiran lembaga Mahkamah Konstitusi di era reformasi merupakan upaya penguatan terhadap dasar-dasar konstitusionalisme pada Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. MK dalam hal ini berperan menegakkan dan melindungi hak-hak konstitusional warga negara (the protector of the citizen’s constitutional rights dan pelindung HAM (the protector of the human rights. Termasuk dalam hal ini, hak untuk memeluk agama dan menjalankan ibadah serta ajaran agamanya masing-masing, sesuai dengan amanat konstitusi. Namun, disisi lain ada wacana kebebasan berekspresi dan kebebasan berpendapat termasuk didalamnya kebebasan untuk menyiarkan keyakinan dan pemahaman keagamaan yang “menyimpang” dan bertentangan dengan “mainstream” keyakinan dan pemahaman keagamaan pada umumnya, seperti dalam kasus Ahmadiyah. MK dalam hal ini dituntut untuk mampu memberikan sikap

Single frequency intracavity SRO

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Abitan, Haim; Buchhave, Preben

2000-01-01

Summary form only given. A single resonance optical parametric oscillator (SRO) is inserted intracavity to a CW high power, single frequency, and ring Nd:YVO4 laser. We obtain a stable single frequency CW SRO with output at 1.7-1.9 μm (idler) and a resonating signal at 2.3-2.6 μm. The behavior...

X-ray and fast neutron-induced mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the effect of dithiothreitol upon the mutant spectrum

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dellaert, L.M.W.

1980-01-01

The author discusses the genetic effects of X-ray and fast neutron seed-irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh., and the influence of a pre-irradiation treatment with the radio-protector dithiothreitol (DTT). (Auth.)

Single-tier city logistics model for single product

Science.gov (United States)

Saragih, N. I.; Nur Bahagia, S.; Suprayogi; Syabri, I.

2017-11-01

This research develops single-tier city logistics model which consists of suppliers, UCCs, and retailers. The problem that will be answered in this research is how to determine the location of UCCs, to allocate retailers to opened UCCs, to assign suppliers to opened UCCs, to control inventory in the three entities involved, and to determine the route of the vehicles from opened UCCs to retailers. This model has never been developed before. All the decisions will be simultaneously optimized. Characteristic of the demand is probabilistic following a normal distribution, and the number of product is single.

Robotic single-access splenectomy using the Da Vinci Single-Site® platform: a case report.

Science.gov (United States)

Corcione, Francesco; Bracale, Umberto; Pirozzi, Felice; Cuccurullo, Diego; Angelini, Pier Luigi

2014-03-01

Single-access laparoscopic splenectomy can offer patients some advantages. It has many difficulties, such as instrument clashing, lack of triangulation, odd angles and lack of space. The Da Vinci Single-Site® robotic surgery platform could decrease these difficulties. We present a case of single-access robotic splenectomy using this device. A 37 year-old female with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was operated on with a single-site approach, using the Da Vinci Single-Site robotic surgery device. The procedure was successfully completed in 140 min. No intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred. The patient was discharged from hospital on day 3. Single-access robotic splenectomy seems to be feasible and safe using the new robotic single-access platform, which seems to overcome certain limits of previous robotic or conventional single-access laparoscopy. We think that additional studies should also be performed to explore the real cost-effectiveness of the platform. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Single gaze gestures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Møllenbach, Emilie; Lilholm, Martin; Gail, Alastair

2010-01-01

This paper examines gaze gestures and their applicability as a generic selection method for gaze-only controlled interfaces. The method explored here is the Single Gaze Gesture (SGG), i.e. gestures consisting of a single point-to-point eye movement. Horizontal and vertical, long and short SGGs were...

Single Cell Oncogenesis

Science.gov (United States)

Lu, Xin

It is believed that cancer originates from a single cell that has gone through generations of evolution of genetic and epigenetic changes that associate with the hallmarks of cancer. In some cancers such as various types of leukemia, cancer is clonal. Yet in other cancers like glioblastoma (GBM), there is tremendous tumor heterogeneity that is likely to be caused by simultaneous evolution of multiple subclones within the same tissue. It is obvious that understanding how a single cell develops into a clonal tumor upon genetic alterations, at molecular and cellular levels, holds the key to the real appreciation of tumor etiology and ultimate solution for therapeutics. Surprisingly very little is known about the process of spontaneous tumorigenesis from single cells in human or vertebrate animal models. The main reason is the lack of technology to track the natural process of single cell changes from a homeostatic state to a progressively cancerous state. Recently, we developed a patented compound, photoactivatable (''caged'') tamoxifen analogue 4-OHC and associated technique called optochemogenetic switch (OCG switch), which we believe opens the opportunity to address this urgent biological as well as clinical question about cancer. We propose to combine OCG switch with genetically engineered mouse models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and high grade astrocytoma (including GBM) to study how single cells, when transformed through acute loss of tumor suppressor genes PTEN and TP53 and gain of oncogenic KRAS, can develop into tumor colonies with cellular and molecular heterogeneity in these tissues. The abstract is for my invited talk in session ``Beyond Darwin: Evolution in Single Cells'' 3/18/2016 11:15 AM.

Single Audit: Single Audit Act Effectiveness Issues

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Thompson, Sally

2002-01-01

As discussed in the report we are releasing today, our work to review agency actions to ensure that recipients take timely and appropriate corrective actions to fix audit findings contained in single...

Single Nanoparticle Plasmonic Sensors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manish Sriram

2015-10-01

Full Text Available The adoption of plasmonic nanomaterials in optical sensors, coupled with the advances in detection techniques, has opened the way for biosensing with single plasmonic particles. Single nanoparticle sensors offer the potential to analyse biochemical interactions at a single-molecule level, thereby allowing us to capture even more information than ensemble measurements. We introduce the concepts behind single nanoparticle sensing and how the localised surface plasmon resonances of these nanoparticles are dependent upon their materials, shape and size. Then we outline the different synthetic approaches, like citrate reduction, seed-mediated and seedless growth, that enable the synthesis of gold and silver nanospheres, nanorods, nanostars, nanoprisms and other nanostructures with tunable sizes. Further, we go into the aspects related to purification and functionalisation of nanoparticles, prior to the fabrication of sensing surfaces. Finally, the recent developments in single nanoparticle detection, spectroscopy and sensing applications are discussed.

Uniform Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. Broumi

2017-09-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we propose a new concept named the uniform single valued neutrosophic graph. An illustrative example and some properties are examined. Next, we develop an algorithmic approach for computing the complement of the single valued neutrosophic graph. A numerical example is demonstrated for computing the complement of single valued neutrosophic graphs and uniform single valued neutrosophic graph.

[Application of single-retainer all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture in replacing single anterior tooth].

Science.gov (United States)

Lili, Yang; Debiao, Du; Ruoyu, Ning; Deying, Chen; Junling, Wu

2017-08-01

Objective In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical effect of single-retainer all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial denture (RBFPD) on the single anterior tooth loss patients. Methods A total of 20 single-retainer all-ceramic RBFPD
were fabricated and evaluated in a two-year follow-up observation. The restorations were examined on the basis of the American Public Health Association (APHA) criteria. Results A total of 20 single-retainer all-ceramic RBFPD achieved class A evaluation after a six-month follow-up observation. One single-retainer all-ceramic RBFPD was classified as class B for secondary caries after a one-year follow-up observation. After a two-year follow-up observation, one single-retainer all-ceramic RBFPD was classified as class B because of secondary caries, and one single-retainer all-ceramic RBFPD was classified as class B because of fracture. Conclusion Single-retainer all-ceramic RBFPD is a promising and optional method in replacing single anterior tooth.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Detection Using Au-Decorated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Keum-Ju Lee

2011-01-01

Full Text Available We demonstrate that Au-cluster-decorated single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs may be used to discriminate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP. Nanoscale Au clusters were formed on the side walls of carbon nanotubes in a transistor geometry using electrochemical deposition. The effect of Au cluster decoration appeared as hole doping when electrical transport characteristics were examined. Thiolated single-stranded probe peptide nucleic acid (PNA was successfully immobilized on Au clusters decorating single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWNT-FETs, resulting in a conductance decrease that could be explained by a decrease in Au work function upon adsorption of thiolated PNA. Although a target single-stranded DNA (ssDNA with a single mismatch did not cause any change in electrical conductance, a clear decrease in conductance was observed with matched ssDNA, thereby showing the possibility of SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism detection using Au-cluster-decorated SWNT-FETs. However, a power to discriminate SNP target is lost in high ionic environment. We can conclude that observed SNP discrimination in low ionic environment is due to the hampered binding of SNP target on nanoscale surfaces in low ionic conditions.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of Azolla microphylla based gold nanoparticles against acetaminophen induced toxicity in a fresh water common carp fish (Cyprinus carpio L.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Selvaraj Kunjiappan

2015-04-01

Conclusion: Azolla microphylla phytochemically synthesized GNaP protects liver against oxidative damage and tissue damaging enzyme activities and could be used as an effective protector against acetaminophen-induced hepatic damage in fresh water common carp fish.

Single Nanowire Probe for Single Cell Endoscopy and Sensing

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Ruoxue

The ability to manipulate light in subwavelength photonic and plasmonic structures has shown great potentials in revolutionizing how information is generated, transformed and processed. Chemically synthesized nanowires, in particular, offers a unique toolbox not only for highly compact and integrated photonic modules and devices, including coherent and incoherent light sources, waveguides, photodetectors and photovoltaics, but also for new types of nanoscopic bio-probes for spot cargo delivery and in-situ single cell endoscopy and sensing. Such nanowire probes would enable us to carry out intracellular imaging and probing with high spatial resolution, monitor in-vivo biological processes within single living cells and greatly improve our fundamental understanding of cell functions, intracellular physiological processes, and cellular signal pathways. My work is aimed at developing a material and instrumental platform for such single nanowire probe. Successful optical integration of Ag nanowire plasmonic waveguides, which offers deep subwavelength mode confinement, and conventional photonic waveguides was demonstrated on a single nanowire level. The highest plasmonic-photonic coupling efficiency coupling was found at small coupling angles and low input frequencies. The frequency dependent propagation loss was observed in Ag nanowire and was confirmed by quantitative measurement and in agreement with theoretical expectations. Rational integration of dielectric and Ag nanowire waveguide components into hybrid optical-plasmonic routing devices has been demonstrated. This capability is essential for incorporating sub-100nm Ag nanowire waveguides into optical fiber based nanoprobes for single cell endoscopy. The nanoprobe system based on single nanowire waveguides was demonstrated by optically coupling semiconductor or metal nanowire with an optical fiber with tapered tip. This nanoprobe design requires minimal instrumentation which makes it cost efficient and readily

Understanding Single Adulthood.

Science.gov (United States)

Stein, Peter J.

The life styles and life chances of the unmarried include elements of choices. Singles may be grouped and characterized according to whether their status may be considered stable or temporary. A life cycle, or continuum model of singlehood is reviewed, including its different factors, or phases. A new model for singles is proposed--a life spiral…

La creencia en la rehabilitación y reinserción social de los internos de prisión como factor protector de la salud laboral de los trabajadores || Belief in rehabilitation and social reinsertion of prisoners positive factor employees occupational health

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Clemente

2015-11-01

Full Text Available La literatura demuestra que un factor protector de la salud de los trabajadores de instituciones penitenciarias es la creencia en la rehabilitación y la reinserción de los internos. Esta actitud positiva previene problemas de salud laboral al evitar, fundamentalmente, el síndrome de burnout. Este trabajo investiga si una actitud positiva o negativa hacia la creencia en la rehabilitación y reinserción de los penados provee de mayor o menor protección frente a problemas de salud psicosocial. Participaron en el estudio 536 trabajadores de prisiones peruanas. Se recogió información de variables personales y laborales, así como cuestionarios de burnout, satisfacción en el trabajo, conciliación entre vida laboral y familiar. Y conflicto y ambigüedad de rol. Los datos confirman que la creencia en la rehabilitación y la reinserción implica más salud laboral al provocar más satisfacción laboral, menor burnout y mayores niveles de conciliación entre la vida laboral y familiar, por otras parte implica más ambigüedad y conflicto de rol (deteriorando por lo tanto la salud psicosocial. Un análisis de regresión establece que las tres variables predictoras de la actitud positiva hacia la rehabilitación y la reinserción son la satisfacción laboral, la interacción negativa trabajo-familia, y la ambigüedad de rol. Se discuten los resultados y se proponen tanto futuras líneas de investigación como la necesidad de promocionar programas dirigidos a los trabajadores que definan más sus tareas, de cara a evitar la ambigüedad de rol.

Vest-over-Pant Method for Closure of Residual Cavity of Liver Hydatid Cyst

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Saba Behdad

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. Although several therapeutic strategies have proven to be effective for hydatid cyst of liver, but surgery is still the most common therapy despite its morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, a variety of technique has been recommended for managing the residual cavity after cystectomy. We report here a new technical method for the reconstruction of hydatid cyst residual cavity with using overlapping flaps of liver edges (Vest over Pant. Methods. In this technique after removing the cyst, the edges of one side of cyst cavity were sutured to the base of the cavity using three to four mattress sutures, and edges of other side of liver was overlapped on the dorsal part of previous layer using four to five mattress sutures. Therefore residual cavity dead space was obliterated with two surfaces of cavity. Results. Fifty males were treated by our method. The average cyst volume was 423±110 mL. There was no intraabdominal sepsis, bile leakage, or hepatic necrosis. In follow-up ultrasound study, residual cavities were disappeared one month after operation. Conclusion. Overlapping flaps of liver edges (Vest over Pant provides easy, safe closure of cyst with preservation of the liver anatomy.

Evaluation of hip fracture risk in relation to fall direction.

Science.gov (United States)

Nankaku, Manabu; Kanzaki, Hideto; Tsuboyama, Tadao; Nakamura, Takashi

2005-11-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hip fracture risk in relation to fall direction, and to elucidate factors that influence the impact force in falls on the hip. Eight healthy volunteers performed deliberate falls in three directions (lateral, posterolateral and posterior) on a force platform covered by a mattress of 13 cm thickness. Fall descent motions and impact postures were examined by a three-dimensional analyzer. The maximum ground force reaction, velocity of the greater trochanter at impact, and activity of quadriceps and gluteus medius were measured. In all trials of lateral and posterolateral falls, but not of posterior falls, the subjects hit their greater trochanter directly on the mattress. The impact forces were between 2,000 N and 4,000 N. Posterolateral falls showed significantly higher velocity at impact than did posterior falls. The height and the lower limb length exhibited positive correlations with the impact force in all directions of fall. In the lateral fall, there was a positive correlation between the activity of quadriceps and the impact force. In view of the impact point, force, and velocity, the posterolateral fall seemed to carry the highest risk of hip fracture.

Comparative efficacy of house dust mite extermination products.

Science.gov (United States)

Schober, G; Kniest, F M; Kort, H S; De Saint Georges Gridelet, D M; Van Bronswijk, J E

1992-06-01

The acaricidal efficacy of nine marketed products, i.e. Acardust, Acarosan (foam and powder), Actelic 50, Artilin 3A (spirit and water base), liquid nitrogen, Paragerm AK, and Tymasil, and of intensive vacuum-cleaning have been compared on four different test surfaces: mattress, tufted carpet, gypsum board and rough wooden board, all covered with artificial house dust. They were inoculated with the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or the house-dust fungus Aspergillus repens for evaluation of the fungistatic claims of some products. The acaricidal activity of Tymasil did not surpass that of vacuuming; its fungistatic effect was not apparent. The other products showed complete to almost complete eradication on at least one of the substrates tested. Taking into account the results of acaricidal efficacy as well as the data on safety and practicality acquired earlier, Acarosan powder was considered first choice for carpet treatment. Acarosan and liquid nitrogen, were found to be effective in the treatment of mattress, pillow, upholstered furniture and heavy curtains. On wooden surfaces Acarosan was found to be both effective and safe, while Acardust, Actelic 50, Artilin 3A (both fungistatic as well as acaricidal), liquid nitrogen and Paragerm also passed the efficiency test.

Detection of motion and posture change using an IR-UWB radar.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Nguyen; Javaid, Abdul Q; Weitnauer, Mary A

2016-08-01

Impulse radio ultra-wide band (IR-UWB) radar has recently emerged as a promising candidate for non-contact monitoring of respiration and heart rate. Different studies have reported various radar based algorithms for estimation of these physiological parameters. The radar can be placed under a subject's mattress as he lays stationary on his back or it can be attached to the ceiling directly above the subject's bed. However, advertent or inadvertent movement on part of the subject and different postures can affect the radar returned signal and also the accuracy of the estimated parameters from it. The detection and analysis of these postural changes can not only lead to improvement in estimation algorithms but also towards prevention of bed sores and ulcers in patients who require periodic posture changes. In this paper, we present an algorithm that detects and quantifies different types of motion events using an under-the-mattress IR-UWB radar. The algorithm also indicates a change in posture after a macro-movement event. Based on the findings of this paper, we anticipate that IR-UWB radar can be used for extracting posture related information in non-clinical enviroments for patients who are bed-ridden.

Knotless double-row SutureBridge rotator cuff repairs have improved self-reinforcement compared with double-row SutureBridge repairs with tied medial knots: a biomechanical study using an ovine model.

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, Geoffrey C S; Bouwmeester, Theresia M; Lam, Patrick H

2017-12-01

In double-row SutureBridge (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA) rotator cuff repairs, increasing tendon load may generate progressively greater compression forces at the repair footprint (self-reinforcement). SutureBridge rotator cuff repairs using tied horizontal mattress sutures medially may limit this effect compared with a knotless construct. Rotator cuff repairs were performed in 9 pairs of ovine shoulders. One group underwent repair with a double-row SutureBridge construct with tied horizontal medial-row mattress sutures. The other group underwent repair in an identical fashion except that medial-row knots were not tied. Footprint contact pressure was measured at 0° and 20° of abduction under loads of 0 to 60 N. Pull-to-failure tests were then performed. In both repair constructs, each 10-N increase in rotator cuff tensile load led to a significant increase in footprint contact pressure (P row SutureBridge configuration, self-reinforcement is seen in repairs with and without medial-row knots. Self-reinforcement is greater with the knotless technique. Copyright © 2017 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Single-Dose Lignocaine-Based Blood Cardioplegia in Single Valve Replacement Patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaydip Ramani

Full Text Available Abstract OBJECTIVE: Myocardial protection is the most important in cardiac surgery. We compared our modified single-dose long-acting lignocaine-based blood cardioplegia with short-acting St Thomas 1 blood cardioplegia in patients undergoing single valve replacement. METHODS: A total of 110 patients who underwent single (aortic or mitral valve replacement surgery were enrolled. Patients were divided in two groups based on the cardioplegia solution used. In group 1 (56 patients, long-acting lignocaine based-blood cardioplegia solution was administered as a single dose while in group 2 (54 patients, standard St Thomas IB (short-acting blood-based cardioplegia solution was administered and repeated every 20 minutes. All the patients were compared for preoperative baseline parameters, intraoperative and all the postoperative parameters. RESULTS: We did not find any statistically significant difference in preoperative baseline parameters. Cardiopulmonary bypass time were 73.8±16.5 and 76.4±16.9 minutes (P=0.43 and cross clamp time were 58.9±10.3 and 66.3±11.2 minutes (P=0.23 in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Mean of maximum inotrope score was 6.3±2.52 and 6.1±2.13 (P=0.65 in group 1 and group 2, respectively. We also did not find any statistically significant difference in creatine-phosphokinase-MB (CPK-MB, Troponin-I levels, lactate level and cardiac functions postoperatively. CONCLUSION: This study proves the safety and efficacy of long-acting lignocaine-based single-dose blood cardioplegia compared to the standard short-acting multi-dose blood cardioplegia in patients requiring the single valve replacement. Further studies need to be undertaken to establish this non-inferiority in situations of complex cardiac procedures especially in compromised patients.

Artificial Heads for High-Level Impulse Sound Measurement

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Buck, K

1999-01-01

If the Insertion Loss (IL) of hearing protectors has to be determined with very high impulse or continuous noise levels, the acoustic insulation of the Artificial Test Fixture has to exceed at least the Insertion Loss (IL...

Quantum optics with single quantum dot devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zwiller, Valery; Aichele, Thomas; Benson, Oliver

2004-01-01

A single radiative transition in a single-quantum emitter results in the emission of a single photon. Single quantum dots are single-quantum emitters with all the requirements to generate single photons at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. It is also possible to generate more than single photons with single quantum dots. In this paper we show that single quantum dots can be used to generate non-classical states of light, from single photons to photon triplets. Advanced solid state structures can be fabricated with single quantum dots as their active region. We also show results obtained on devices based on single quantum dots

Single-incision total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sinha Rakesh

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Single-incision laparoscopic surgery is an alternative to conventional multiport laparoscopy. Single-access laparoscopy using a transumbilical port affords maximum cosmetic benefits because the surgical incision is hidden in the umbilicus. The advantages of single-access laparoscopic surgery may include less bleeding, infection, and hernia formation and better cosmetic outcome and less pain. The disadvantages and limitations include longer surgery time, difficulty in learning the technique, and the need for specialized instruments. Ongoing refinement of the surgical technique and instrumentation is likely to expand its role in gynecologic surgery in the future. We perform single-incision total laparoscopic hysterectomy using three ports in the single transumbilical incision.

Thermoelectric single-photon detector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuzanyan, A A; Petrosyan, V A; Kuzanyan, A S

2012-01-01

The ability to detect a single photon is the ultimate level of sensitivity in the measurement of optical radiation. Sensors capable of detecting single photons and determining their energy have many scientific and technological applications. Kondo-enhanced Seebeck effect cryogenic detectors are based on thermoelectric heat-to-voltage conversion and voltage readout. We evaluate the prospects of CeB 6 and (La,Ce)B 6 hexaboride crystals for their application as a sensitive element in this type of detectors. We conclude that such detectors can register a single UV photon, have a fast count rate (up to 45 MHz) and a high spectral resolution of 0.1 eV. We calculate the electric potential generated along the thermoelectric sensor upon registering a UV single photon.

Advances in single chain technology.

Science.gov (United States)

Gonzalez-Burgos, Marina; Latorre-Sanchez, Alejandro; Pomposo, José A

2015-10-07

The recent ability to manipulate and visualize single atoms at atomic level has given rise to modern bottom-up nanotechnology. Similar exquisite degree of control at the individual polymeric chain level for producing functional soft nanoentities is expected to become a reality in the next few years through the full development of so-called "single chain technology". Ultra-small unimolecular soft nano-objects endowed with useful, autonomous and smart functions are the expected, long-term valuable output of single chain technology. This review covers the recent advances in single chain technology for the construction of soft nano-objects via chain compaction, with an emphasis in dynamic, letter-shaped and compositionally unsymmetrical single rings, complex multi-ring systems, single chain nanoparticles, tadpoles, dumbbells and hairpins, as well as the potential end-use applications of individual soft nano-objects endowed with useful functions in catalysis, sensing, drug delivery and other uses.

Effect of fluoride varnish on Streptococcus mutans counts in plaque of caries-free children using dentocult SM strip mutans test: A randomized controlled triple blind study

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeevarathan J

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Dental caries is one of the most prevalent infectious diseases and although of multifactorial origin, Streptococcus mutans is considered the chief pathogen in its development. Fluoride is one of the most effective agents used for the reduction of dental caries apart from oral hygiene maintenance. Aims: The aim of this study was to estimate the counts of Streptococcus mutans and to evaluate the effect of Fluor Protector fluoride varnish on these counts in the plaque of caries-free children using Dentocult SM Strip Mutans. Materials and Methods: Thirty caries-free subjects were selected for the study based on the information obtained from a questionnaire and were randomly assigned to the control group consisting of ten subjects and the study group consisting of twenty subjects. Plaque samples were collected on the strips from the Dentocult SM kit and after incubation, the presence of Streptococcus mutans was evaluated using the manufacturer′s chart. The study group was subjected to a Fluor Protector fluoride varnish application following which the samples were collected again after 24 hours. Results: The average Streptococcus mutan s counts in the primary dentition of caries-free children before and after the application of Fluor Protector fluoride varnish were 10 4 -10 5 colony forming units (CFU/ml and < 10 4 CFU/ml respectively. Conclusion: The results showed that the study group had a statistically significant reduction in the plaque Streptococcus mutans counts than the control group.

TREE SPECIES DIRECT SOWING FOR FOREST RESTORATION

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Robério Anastácio Ferreira

2007-09-01

Full Text Available The direct sowing to tropical forest restoration can be viable when the ecological and silvicultural aspects of species areknown. This work evaluated the effect of breaking seed dormancy and a physical protector on the initial growth of riparian treespecies. The experiment was carried out in a randomized blocks design, in a factorial (2x2, with four blocks and four plots for eachtreatment. The treatment to break seed dormancy used were: immersion in sulphuric acid for 20 minutes and washing in water for 1hour plus soaking for 24 hours for Trema micrantha; immersion in boiling water (100oC with following soaking until refreshing for24 hours to Senna multijuga and Senna macranthera and pre-soaking in water for 2 hours for Solanum granuloso-leprosum. Thephysical protector used was a transparent plastic cup (500mL. The breaking seed dormancy used was efficient in laboratory, exceptfor S. macranthera. In field conditions, it was efficient only for S. multijuga and S. macranthera. The physical protector did notpresented any benefit for the studied tree species regarding seedlings emergence and survival, but it provided significant differencesin height and base diameter for S. multijuga and in height for S. macranthera after three months. After 24 months, T. micranthapresented the highest values for height and basal diameter. S. macranthera presented the height relative growth and T. micrantha thehighest basal diameter. The studied species can be recommended for ecological forest restoration, using direct sowing.

Single Molecule Nano-Metronome

OpenAIRE

Buranachai, Chittanon; McKinney, Sean A.; Ha, Taekjip

2006-01-01

We constructed a DNA-based nano-mechanical device called the nano-metronome. Our device is made by introducing complementary single stranded overhangs at the two arms of the DNA four-way junction. The ticking rates of this stochastic metronome depend on ion concentrations and can be changed by a set of DNA-based switches to deactivate/reactivate the sticky end. Since the device displays clearly distinguishable responses even with a single basepair difference, it may lead to a single molecule ...

Thousand-fold enhancement of single-molecule fluorescence near a single gold nanorod

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Yuan, H.; Khatua, S.; Zijlstra, P.; Yorulmaz, M.; Orrit, M.

2013-01-01

Single molecules: Large enhancements of single-molecule fluorescence up to 1100 times by using synthesized gold nanorods are reported (see picture). This high enhancement is achieved by selecting a dye with its adsorption and emission close to the surface plasmon resonance of the gold nanorods

21 CFR 878.4370 - Surgical drape and drape accessories.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-01

... natural or synthetic materials intended to be used as a protective patient covering, such as to isolate a... protector that may adhere to the skin around a surgical incision or be placed in a wound to cover its...

„Mlsné huby“ v pracovním nasazení pro třetí říši. Český dělník mezi nacistickou teorií a praxí

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kokoška, Stanislav

2013-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 8 (2013), s. 10-14 ISSN 0418-5129 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-10279S Institutional support: RVO:68378114 Keywords : Third Reich * Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Subject RIV: AB - History

Anti-mite measurements in mite-sensitive adult asthma. A controlled trial.

Science.gov (United States)

Burr, M L; St Leger, A S; Neale, E

1976-02-14

A cross-over controlled trial has been conducted among 32 adult patients with mite-sensitive asthma. The bedclothes and pillows of each subject were laundered and vacuum-cleaned and a plastic cover applied to the mattress for six weeks in an attempt to reduce exposure to mites. No improvement in daily peak-flow reading or drug usage was found in comparison with a control period.

Air Force Operational Medicine: Using the Enterprise Estimating Supplies Program to Develop Materiel Solutions for the Expeditionary Medical Support (EMEDS). Volume 4. EMEDS+25

Science.gov (United States)

2011-03-28

MATTRESS LITTER F/AEROMEDICAL PT TRANSFER EA 7 7 14.00 12.45 $1,855.00 14.00 12.45 $1,855.00 A 6515015593946 NEGATIVE PRESSURE WOUND THERAPY ...AGAR5%SHE PG 10 5 10.00 5.00 $271.70 5.00 2.50 $135.85 C 6550013168746 CULTURE MED CHOCOLATE AGAR W/HEMOGLOBIN&ENRIC PG 2 1 1.70 0.02 $34.20 0.85

Net protectors defend the global commons | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2010-10-21

Oct 21, 2010 ... Deep in the basement of the Munk Centre for International Studies, ... who heads the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, .... along with further analysis, in a book to be published early next year by ...

Who is protecting us against the radiation protectors?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lorenz, Bernd

2018-01-01

The ICRU proposal of new radiation dose units is discusses with respect to the consequences for radiation protection in practice. For the range of 70 keV to 10 MeV gamma radiation practically no differences are obvious. The disadvantages include an increase of administrative procedures, retrofitting of measuring devices including personal dosimeters and software.

Intercomparison test on hearing protectors (EU, VG4)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Poulsen, Torben

1997-01-01

Real Ear Attenuation at Threshold (REAT) was measured on 16 human test subjects in accordance with EN 24869-1. Insertion loss for the individual cups was determined in accordance with EN 352-1, paragraph 7.11-7.11.3.3. Both the REAT and the insertion loss measurements were performed in an approxi......Real Ear Attenuation at Threshold (REAT) was measured on 16 human test subjects in accordance with EN 24869-1. Insertion loss for the individual cups was determined in accordance with EN 352-1, paragraph 7.11-7.11.3.3. Both the REAT and the insertion loss measurements were performed...... in an approximated diffuse field. The field was established in a semi reverberant room with uncorrelated one-third octave bands of noise from two loudspeakers. The measurements are part of a European intercomparison project 'Sound attenuation in accordance with EN-24869-1'....

Criminal gangs as perpetrators and 'protectors' | IDRC - International ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

2015-10-28

Oct 28, 2015 ... UPDATE | SAFE AND INCLUSIVE CITIES What is driving urban violence? In some ... Social cohesion – broadly understood as the willingness of members of a society to cooperate with each other to survive and prosper – is fundamental for societies to progress towards development goals. However ...

Caveolae as plasma membrane sensors, protectors and organizers.

Science.gov (United States)

Parton, Robert G; del Pozo, Miguel A

2013-02-01

Caveolae are submicroscopic, plasma membrane pits that are abundant in many mammalian cell types. The past few years have seen a quantum leap in our understanding of the formation, dynamics and functions of these enigmatic structures. Caveolae have now emerged as vital plasma membrane sensors that can respond to plasma membrane stresses and remodel the extracellular environment. Caveolae at the plasma membrane can be removed by endocytosis to regulate their surface density or can be disassembled and their structural components degraded. Coat proteins, called cavins, work together with caveolins to regulate the formation of caveolae but also have the potential to dynamically transmit signals that originate in caveolae to various cellular destinations. The importance of caveolae as protective elements in the plasma membrane, and as membrane organizers and sensors, is highlighted by links between caveolae dysfunction and human diseases, including muscular dystrophies and cancer.

Regular Single Valued Neutrosophic Hypergraphs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Aslam Malik

2016-12-01

Full Text Available In this paper, we define the regular and totally regular single valued neutrosophic hypergraphs, and discuss the order and size along with properties of regular and totally regular single valued neutrosophic hypergraphs. We also extend work on completeness of single valued neutrosophic hypergraphs.

Comparative study of three methods of esophageal anastomosis in dogs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Z. T. Abd Al-Maseeh

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This study was performed to compare three methods of esophageal anastomosis. Twenty four healthy adult dogs were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups; each one consisted of 8 animals. In group 1; two layers were used to perform the esophageal anastomosis. The first layer represented simple interrupted suture to close the mucosa with knot inside the lumen, and the second layer represented horizontal mattress interrupted suture to close the other layers of esophagus. While in group 2; one layer of cross interrupted mattress suture was used to close all layers of esophageal wall, and in group 3; one layer of Schmieden's suture was used to close all layers of esophageal wall. The results of clinical, radiological and histopathological studies after 15 and 30 days of surgical operation revealed that most of the animals showed different degrees of difficulty concerning the moderate dysphagia and regurgitation. The radiological study showed significant difference of stenosis. The best results were recorded in the second group where the mean degree of stenosis was 7.69%, however the mean degree of stenosis was 42.80% in the first group, while the mean degree of stenosis in the third groups was 37.81%, through 30 days. The histopathological study of group 2 showed rapid healing of the site of anastomosis, lack of granulation tissue and consequently the less degree of stricture and other complications as compared with groups 1 and 3. The Schmieden's suture was characterized by its standard short time as compared with group 1 and 2, although accompanied by some complications. In conclusion this study revealed that the cross mattress suture used in the second group characterized by faster healing and minimal amount of fibrous tissue formation manifested by decrease in moderate degree of stenosis as compared with the two other suture patterns used in the first and third groups.

Resources for Teachers Starting a Planet Protector’s Club

Science.gov (United States)

EPA’s Planet Protector activities are a great way to get student’s interested in reducing, reusing and recycling. Use the activities to launch an ongoing club with our club factsheet, membership badge, activity calendar, and certificate of completion.

Privathaushalte im Spannungsfeld der Staatspolitik: Sozial- und Familienpolitik im Protektorat Böhmen und Mähren

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Šustrová, Radka; Rákosník, J.

2014-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 0 (2014), s. 305-320 ISSN 1865-5548 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA14-35273S Institutional support: RVO:67985921 Keywords : Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia * Family Policy * Nation Subject RIV: AB - History

Invading Bologna

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schaub Jr, Gary John; Breitenbauch, Henrik Ø.; Pradhan-Blach, Flemming

European NATO nations need better staff officers. Operation Unified Protector exposed a widespread deficiency in the professional knowledge of field-grade European officers. Professional military education (PME) is where corrective Alliance action must focus. The Nordic countries—Norway, Denmark...

Toward Multinational Professional Military Education in Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Schaub Jr, Gary John; Breitenbauch, Henrik Ø.

European NATO nations need better staff officers. Operation Unified Protector exposed a widespread deficiency in the professional knowledge of field-grade European officers. Professional military education (PME) is where corrective Alliance action must focus. The Nordic countries—Norway, Denmark...

A versatile optical microscope for time-dependent single-molecule and single-particle spectroscopy

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hao; Yang, Haw

2018-03-01

This work reports the design and implementation of a multi-function optical microscope for time-dependent spectroscopy on single molecules and single nanoparticles. It integrates the now-routine single-object measurements into one standalone platform so that no reconfiguration is needed when switching between different types of sample or spectroscopy modes. The illumination modes include evanescent field through total internal reflection, dark-field illumination, and epi-excitation onto a diffraction-limited spot suitable for confocal detection. The detection modes include spectrally resolved line imaging, wide-field imaging with dual-color capability, and two-color single-element photon-counting detection. The switch between different spectroscopy and data acquisition modes is fully automated and executed through computer programming. The capability of this microscope is demonstrated through selected proof-of-principle experiments.

A versatile optical microscope for time-dependent single-molecule and single-particle spectroscopy.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Hao; Yang, Haw

2018-03-28

This work reports the design and implementation of a multi-function optical microscope for time-dependent spectroscopy on single molecules and single nanoparticles. It integrates the now-routine single-object measurements into one standalone platform so that no reconfiguration is needed when switching between different types of sample or spectroscopy modes. The illumination modes include evanescent field through total internal reflection, dark-field illumination, and epi-excitation onto a diffraction-limited spot suitable for confocal detection. The detection modes include spectrally resolved line imaging, wide-field imaging with dual-color capability, and two-color single-element photon-counting detection. The switch between different spectroscopy and data acquisition modes is fully automated and executed through computer programming. The capability of this microscope is demonstrated through selected proof-of-principle experiments.

Mortality in single fathers compared with single mothers and partnered parents: a population-based cohort study.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiu, Maria; Rahman, Farah; Vigod, Simone; Lau, Cindy; Cairney, John; Kurdyak, Paul

2018-03-01

Single parent families, including families headed by single fathers, are becoming increasingly common around the world. Previous evidence suggests that single parenthood is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased mortality; however, most studies have focused on single mothers, with little known about the health of single fathers. This study aimed to examine mortality in a large population-based sample of Canadian single fathers compared with single mothers and partnered fathers and mothers. We used a representative sample of 871 single fathers, 4590 single mothers, 16 341 partnered fathers, and 18 688 partnered mothers from the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycles 2001-12; earliest survey date: Sept 5, 2000; latest survey date: Dec 24, 2012). We anonymously linked survey participants to health administrative database records to ascertain health status at baseline and mortality from survey date up to Oct 28, 2016. We included individuals who were aged 15 years or older, living in a household with one or more biological or adopted child younger than 25 years, and living in Ontario, and we excluded those who left Ontario during the study period or had data discrepancies. Single parents were defined as those who were divorced, separated, widowed, or single, never-married, and non-cohabitating, and partnered parents were defined as those who were married or common-law partners. We investigated differences in mortality using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors. Median follow-up was 11·10 years (IQR 7·36-13·54). Mortality in single fathers (5·8 per 1000 person-years) was three-times higher than rates in single mothers (1·74 per 1000 person-years) and partnered fathers (1·94 per 1000 person-years). Single fathers had a significantly higher adjusted risk of dying than both single mothers (hazard ratio [HR] 2·49, 95% CI 1·20-5·15; p=0·01) and partnered fathers (2·06, 1·11-3�

Single Molecule Nano-Metronome

Science.gov (United States)

Buranachai, Chittanon; McKinney, Sean A.; Ha, Taekjip

2008-01-01

We constructed a DNA-based nano-mechanical device called the nano-metronome. Our device is made by introducing complementary single stranded overhangs at the two arms of the DNA four-way junction. The ticking rates of this stochastic metronome depend on ion concentrations and can be changed by a set of DNA-based switches to deactivate/reactivate the sticky end. Since the device displays clearly distinguishable responses even with a single basepair difference, it may lead to a single molecule sensor of minute sequence differences of a target DNA. PMID:16522050

Coherent properties of single quantum dot transitions and single photon emission

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ester, Patrick

2008-04-23

In this work, the properties and the different dephasing mechanisms of single QD transitions are analyzed. In addition, some applications are presented which arise due to the properties of the confined exciton. The isolation of a single QD out of the ensemble is achieved via near field shadow masks, which restricts excitation and QD luminescence to a single QD. The integration of a QD-layer into a diode structure allows for an analysis of various dephasing mechanisms of a confined electron hole pair. The single QD is characterized regarding the energy of nearly all possible transitions, e.g. the ground state, excited states, charged states, multiple occupations, and phonon assisted absorptions. A very important issue in this content is the voltage dependence of the transition energy and thereby the ability of tunneling processes of charge carriers in and out of the QD. The QD-states, which are subject of investigation here, are the single exciton ground state, the first excited state (p-shell), and the (GaAs-) LO (longitudinal optical) phonon assisted absorption. By applying a suitable voltage, the resonantly excited ground state exciton is able to decay by a tunneling process, which reflects the transition energy in the photocurrent spectra. The p-shell transition decays by a relaxation process into the ground state, followed by an optical recombination process. The phonon assisted absorption differs from the p-shell transition. The resonant excitation energy fits to the exciton ground state energy plus the energy of a GaAs LO phonon. In this case, the single exciton (ground state) is generated as well as a GaAs LO phonon. These three states are investigated in different respects, such as different applied voltages, excitation polarizations, excitation intensities, and coherent properties. The LO-assisted absorption shows also a saturation behavior. The exciton in the QD is able to interfere with the second laser pulse due to the storage of the phase information

Coherent properties of single quantum dot transitions and single photon emission

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ester, Patrick

2008-01-01

In this work, the properties and the different dephasing mechanisms of single QD transitions are analyzed. In addition, some applications are presented which arise due to the properties of the confined exciton. The isolation of a single QD out of the ensemble is achieved via near field shadow masks, which restricts excitation and QD luminescence to a single QD. The integration of a QD-layer into a diode structure allows for an analysis of various dephasing mechanisms of a confined electron hole pair. The single QD is characterized regarding the energy of nearly all possible transitions, e.g. the ground state, excited states, charged states, multiple occupations, and phonon assisted absorptions. A very important issue in this content is the voltage dependence of the transition energy and thereby the ability of tunneling processes of charge carriers in and out of the QD. The QD-states, which are subject of investigation here, are the single exciton ground state, the first excited state (p-shell), and the (GaAs-) LO (longitudinal optical) phonon assisted absorption. By applying a suitable voltage, the resonantly excited ground state exciton is able to decay by a tunneling process, which reflects the transition energy in the photocurrent spectra. The p-shell transition decays by a relaxation process into the ground state, followed by an optical recombination process. The phonon assisted absorption differs from the p-shell transition. The resonant excitation energy fits to the exciton ground state energy plus the energy of a GaAs LO phonon. In this case, the single exciton (ground state) is generated as well as a GaAs LO phonon. These three states are investigated in different respects, such as different applied voltages, excitation polarizations, excitation intensities, and coherent properties. The LO-assisted absorption shows also a saturation behavior. The exciton in the QD is able to interfere with the second laser pulse due to the storage of the phase information

Is the audiologic status of professional musicians a reflection of the noise exposure in classical orchestral music?

Science.gov (United States)

Emmerich, Edeltraut; Rudel, Lars; Richter, Frank

2008-07-01

The sound in classical orchestral music is louder than noise emissions allowed by national rules in industry. We wanted to assess the audiologic status of professional musicians at different ages of their careers and to look for a coherence of declined hearing ability and the sound emissions in order to substantiate advices for hearing protection and occupational medicine in musicians. Data from questionnaires (anamnestic data on sound exposure in profession and leisure times, use of hearing protection, self-evaluation of hearing function and hearing deficits), audiometric data and amplitudes of OAE were evaluated from 109 professional musicians aged 30-69 years from three major German orchestras and from 110 students of an academy of music (aged 11-19 years). Sound emissions of the whole orchestra and of single instruments/instrument groups were measured at the orchestra stages and pits during rehearsals and performances. None of the musicians was engaged in noisy hobbies and only a few used hearing protectors regularly. More than 50% of the musicians had a hearing loss of 15 dB(A) and more. Highest losses were found among the strings and the brass players. DPOAE amplitudes coincidently declined with the duration of performing music in the orchestras. Professional musicians aged older than 60 years had a significantly greater hearing loss at 4 and 6 kHz than those aged 30-39 years. Among the strings in one orchestra a dominant hearing deficit in the left ears was observed. Musicians need the same health care for their hearing as workers in noisy industry. A better education on the hearing hazards (use of hearing protectors) as well as sound protection in the rehearsal rooms is necessary. Hearing loss in professional musicians should be accepted as an occupational disease.

Condição microbiológica dos leitos hospitalares antes e depois de sua limpeza Microbiological condition of hospital beds before and after terminal cleaning

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Denise de Andrade

2000-04-01

Full Text Available INTRODUÇÃO: O meio ambiente hospitalar guarda uma íntima relação com as infecções hospitalares, podendo proporcionar focos de contato e de transmissão. Como a higiene representa uma das formas de controlar a contaminação ambiental, realizou-se estudo para avaliar as condições microbiológicas dos colchões hospitalares antes e depois de sua limpeza. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se, para a colheita dos espécimes, placas de contato -- Rodac-plate ¾ preparadas com meio de cultura ágar-sangue. Selecionaram-se os leitos de acordo com critérios previamente estabelecidos, e os locais de colheita sob o colchão foram escolhidos por sorteio aleatório. Aplicou-se o teste estatístico de Goodman para o estudo das alterações numéricas quanto a positividade das placas. RESULTADOS: Foram investigados 52 colchões, totalizando 520 placas, das quais 514 (98,8% resultaram em culturas positivas, sendo que 259 corresponderam ao período anterior à limpeza e 255 ao período posterior ao procedimento. Houve redução de culturas positivas em apenas 4 placas. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados obtidos sugerem que a limpeza, da forma como vem sendo conduzida, provoca o deslocamento da carga microbiana para outros pontos do colchão em vez de diminuí-la, resultando na manutenção da quantidade de microorganismos que existia anteriormente à limpeza.INTRODUCTION: The hospital's environment keeps a close relationship with hospital infection, which may promote focus of contact and transmission. The terminal cleaning of patient unit represents one way to control microbiological environmental contamination. The study has as its main objective to evaluate the microbiological conditions of hospital mattresses before and after cleaning. METHODS: Rodac plates were utilized for specimen collection with culture medium - blood agar plate. The patients beds were chosen by criteria established before hand and the places for specimen collection in the mattress were chosen by

ON BIPOLAR SINGLE VALUED NEUTROSOPHIC GRAPHS

OpenAIRE

Said Broumi; Mohamed Talea; Assia Bakali; Florentin Smarandache

2016-01-01

In this article, we combine the concept of bipolar neutrosophic set and graph theory. We introduce the notions of bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs, strong bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs, complete bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs, regular bipolar single valued neutrosophic graphs and investigate some of their related properties.

Single particle dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Siemens, P.J.; Jensen, A.S.

1985-01-01

It is shown that the opening of the 3-quasiparticle continuum at 3Δ sets the energy scale for the enhancement of the effective mass near the Fermi surface of nuclei. The authors argue that the spreading width of single-particle states due to coupling with low-lying collective modes is qualitatively different from the two-body collision mechanism, and contributes little to the single-particle lifetime in the sense of the optical model. (orig.)

7 CFR 1755.503 - General.

Science.gov (United States)

2010-01-01

... § 1755.501 and shall contain both a fuseless primary station protector and a modular plug and jack for... Protection Association, Inc., Quincy, MA 02269. The ANSI/NFPA 70-1999, NEC ®, and the ANSI/IEEE C2-1997, NESC...

Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of the cardioprotecting flavonoid 7-monohydroxyethylrutoside in mice.

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Hassan, MA Abou El; Kedde, MA; Zwiers, UT; Tourn, E; Haenen, GR; Vijgh, van der W.J.F.

2003-01-01

PURPOSE: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of monoHER, a promising protector against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, were determined after different routes of administration. METHODS: Mice were treated with 500 mg.kg(-1) monoHER intraperitoneally (i.p.), subcutaneously (s.c.) or

75 FR 45670 - Submission for OMB Review: Comment Request

Science.gov (United States)

2010-08-03

... audiograms; training workers on the effects of noise, hearing protectors, and audiometric examinations... the Department of Labor--Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Office of Management.... Agency: Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Type of Review: Extension without change of a...