Accuracy improvement of SPACE code using the optimization for CHF subroutine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang, Chang Keun; Kim, Yo Han; Park, Jong Eun; Ha, Sang Jun

2010-01-01

Typically, a subroutine to calculate the CHF (Critical Heat Flux) is loaded in code for safety analysis of nuclear power plant. CHF subroutine calculates CHF phenomenon using arbitrary condition (Temperature, pressure, flow rate, power, etc). When safety analysis for nuclear power plant is performed using major factor, CHF parameter is one of the most important factor. But the subroutines used in most codes, such as Biasi method, etc., estimate some different values from experimental data. Most CHF subroutines in the codes could predict only in their specification area, such as pressure, mass flow, void fraction, etc. Even though the most accurate CHF subroutine is used in the high quality nuclear safety analysis code, it is not assured that the valued predicted values by the subroutine are acceptable out of their application area. To overcome this hardship, various approaches to estimate the CHF have been examined during the code developing stage of SPACE. And the six sigma technique was adopted for the examination as mentioned this study. The objective of this study is to improvement of CHF prediction accuracy for nuclear power plant safety analysis code using the CHF database and Six Sigma technique. Through the study, it was concluded that the six sigma technique was useful to quantify the deviation of prediction values to experimental data and the implemented CHF prediction method in SPACE code had well-predict capabilities compared with those from other methods

TEKLIB, Tektronix Graphics Subroutine Library

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wolf, M.L.

1987-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: TEKLIB is a library of subroutines that produces graphical output on all Tektronix terminals with model numbers from 4010 through 4115. The application program identifies the model number in the initialization subroutine, GRSTRT, and then uses this number as a flag throughout the run to tailor the graphical output to that specific device. Output includes lines, markers, text, polygons, and panels. Graphic input is supported on all terminals. 2 - Method of solution: TEKLIB uses two coordinate systems, viewport and world, to generate graphic images on the screen. Viewport coordinates refer to an imaginary rectangular grid on the display screen surface. The world coordinate system is a rectangular grid on any x-y plane, defined by the application program. The rectangular portion of the x-y plane specified, termed a w indow , is projected onto a rectangular region of the screen, called a v iewport . In addition to 2-D graphics, TEKLIB also provides subroutines for drawing projections of 3-D objects. The application program first defines a point in space to look at the v iew point , and the direction and distance from that point to the observer's position. A viewing transformation is performed on each x,y,z point to project it onto a v iew plane , a plane perpendicular to the line of sight and passing through the view point. This view plane then becomes the x-y plane of the world window which is mapped into the viewport. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: TEKLIB does not attempt to emulate attributes such as line style and marker type in software if the terminal does not support those attributes in hardware

Quantum computing with black-box quantum subroutines

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Thompson, Jayne [Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore (Singapore); Gu, Mile [Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing (China); Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore (Singapore); Modi, Kavan [School of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Vedral, Vlatko [Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU (United Kingdom); Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore (Singapore); Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551 Singapore (Singapore)

2014-07-01

In classical computation a subroutine is treated as a black box and we do not need to know its exact physical implementation to use it. A complex problem can be decomposed into smaller problems using such modularity. We show that quantum mechanically applying an unknown quantum process as a subroutine is impossible, and this restricts computation models such as DQC1 from operating on unknown inputs. We present a method to avoid this situation for certain computational problems and apply to a modular version of Shor's factoring algorithm. We examine how quantum entanglement and discord fare in this implementation. In this way we are able to study the role of discord in Shor's factoring algorithm.

Numerical analysis of strain localization for transversely isotropic model with non-coaxial flow rule

Science.gov (United States)

Wei, Ding; Cong-cong, Yu; Chen-hui, Wu; Zheng-yi, Shu

2018-03-01

To analyse the strain localization behavior of geomaterials, the forward Euler schemes and the tangent modulus matrix are formulated based on the transversely isotropic yield criterion with non-coaxial flow rule developed by Lade, the program code is implemented based on the user subroutine (UMAT) of ABAQUS. The influence of the material principal direction on the strain localization and the bearing capacity of the structure are investigated and analyzed. Numerical results show the validity and performance of the proposed model in simulating the strain localization behavior of geostructures.

LINPACK, Subroutine Library for Linear Equation System Solution and Matrix Calculation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dongarra, J.J.

1979-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: LINPACK is a collection of FORTRAN subroutines which analyze and solve various classes of systems of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. The collection deals with general, banded, symmetric indefinite, symmetric positive definite, triangular, and tridiagonal square matrices, as well as with least squares problems and the QR and singular value decompositions of rectangular matrices. A subroutine-naming convention is employed in which each subroutine name consists of five letters which represent a coded specification (TXXYY) of the computation done by that subroutine. The first letter, T, indicates the matrix data type. Standard FORTRAN allows the use of three such types: S REAL, D DOUBLE PRECISION, and C COMPLEX. In addition, some FORTRAN systems allow a double-precision complex type: Z COMPLEX*16. The second and third letters of the subroutine name, XX, indicate the form of the matrix or its decomposition: GE: General, GB: General band, PO: Positive definite, PP: Positive definite packed, PB: Positive definite band, SI: Symmetric indefinite, SP: Symmetric indefinite packed, HI: Hermitian indefinite, HP: Hermitian indefinite packed, TR: Triangular, GT: General tridiagonal, PT: Positive definite tridiagonal, CH: Cholesky decomposition, QR: Orthogonal-triangular decomposition, SV: Singular value decomposition. The final two letters, YY, indicate the computation done by the particular subroutine: FA: Factor, CO: Factor and estimate condition, SL: Solve, DI: Determinant and/or inverse and/or inertia, DC: Decompose, UD: Update, DD: Down-date, EX Exchange. The following chart shows all the LINPACK subroutines. The initial 'S' in the names may be replaced by D, C or Z and the initial 'C' in the complex-only names may be replaced by a Z. SGE: FA, CO, SL, DI; SGB: FA, CO, SL, DI; SPO: FA, CO, SL, DI; SPP: FA, CO, SL, DI; SPB: FA, CO, SL, DI; SSI: FA, CO, SL, DI; SSP: FA, CO, SL, DI; CHI: FA, CO, SL, DI; CHP: FA, CO, SL, DI; STR

Dinamika Kerukunan Intern Umat Islam Dalam Relasi Etnisitas Dan Agama Di Kalteng

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joko Tri Haryanto

2013-06-01

Full Text Available AbstrakAgama Islam dianut oleh sebagian besar penduduk Kalimantan Tengah yang terdiri dari berbagai etnis seperti Dayak, Banjar, Jawa, Madura, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji dinamika hubungan intern umat Islam dalam konteks relasi etnisitas dan agama di Kalimantan Tengah. Permasalahannya adalah bagaimana dinamika hubungan inten umat Islam, faktor pendukung kerukunan, dan strategi adaptasi membangun harmoni di Kalimanta Tengah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan kualitatif dimana pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, Focus Group Discussion (FGD, dan telaah dokumen. Hubungan intern umat Islam di Kalimantan Tengah diwarnai dengan tanggapan terhadap konflik etnistahun 2001 antara Etnis Dayak dan Madura. Faktor yang mendukung kerukunan yang tercapai saat ini antara lain adanya daya tawar budaya, simbiosisme ekonomi, peran tokoh masyarakat, dan peran pemerintah. Adapun strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan untuk memelihara harmoni dilakukan secara kultural dengan revitalisasidan akulturasi budaya dan nilai-nilai lokal, serta secara struktural dengan politik uniformitas baik yang dilakukan oleh pranata Adat Dayak maupun pemerintah Kalimantan Tengah.Kata kunci: Kerukunan, Budaya Dominan, Politik Uniformitas, Strategi Adaptasi AbstractIslam is professed by the majority of people in Central Kalimantan who consists of various ethnic groups such as the Dayak, Banjar, Javanese, Madurese, and others. This study discusses about the dynamics of internal relationship among Muslim in the context of the relationship of ethnicity and religion in Central Kalimantan. The problems are how the dynamics of the internal relationship amongst Muslims in CentralKalimantan and what factors are supporting to the reconciliation and adaptation strategies to build harmony amongst them. This research was carried out with the qualitative approach in which data were collected through interviews, observation, Focus Group

SPTH3: subroutine for finding shortest sabotage paths

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hulme, B.L.; Holdridge, D.B.

1977-07-01

This document explains how to construct a sabotage graph which models any fixed-site facility and how to use the subroutine SPTH3 to find shortest paths in the graph. The shortest sabotage paths represent physical routes through the site which would allow an adversary to take advantage of the greatest weaknesses in the system of barriers and alarms. The subroutine SPTH3 is a tool with which safeguards designers and analysts can study the relative effects of design changes on the adversary routing problem. In addition to showing how to use SPTH3, this report discusses the methods used to find shortest paths and several implementation details which cause SPTH3 to be extremely efficient

ELEFUNT, Testing of Elementary Function Subroutines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cody, W.J.

1981-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: ELEFUNT is a FORTRAN test package for the elementary functions. Each program is an aggressive test of one or more of the elementary function subroutines generally supplied with the support library accompanying a FORTRAN compiler. Functions tested are ALOG/ALOG10, ASIN/ACOS, ATAN, EXP, POWER, SIN/ COS, SINH/COSH, SQRT, TAN/COTAN, and TANH. 2 - Method of solution: The programs check the accuracy of the functions by using purified random arguments from appropriate intervals in carefully selected identities. They also check special properties of each function, test for the handling of special arguments, and exercise the error returns. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The package contains one subroutine (MACHAR) for dynamic determination of parameters describing the floating-point arithmetic system of the host machine, the test programs must be modified to insert the necessary machine- dependent parameters in DATA statements, or otherwise make them available. This computing environment inquiry routine is known to malfunction when the arithmetic registers are wider than the storage registers

Implementation of constitutive equations for creep damage mechanics into the ABAQUS finite element code - some practical cases in high temperature component design and life assessment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Segle, P.; Samuelson, L.Aa.; Andersson, Peder; Moberg, F.

1996-01-01

Constitutive equations for creep damage mechanics are implemented into the finite element program ABAQUS using a user supplied subroutine, UMAT. A modified Kachanov-Rabotnov constitutive equation which accounts for inhomogeneity in creep damage is used. With a user defined material a number of bench mark tests are analyzed for verification. In the cases where analytical solutions exist, the numerical results agree very well. In other cases, the creep damage evolution response appear to be realistic in comparison with laboratory creep tests. The appropriateness of using the creep damage mechanics concept in design and life assessment of high temperature components is demonstrated. 18 refs

The application of an internal state variable model to the viscoplastic behavior of irradiated ASTM 304L stainless steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

McAnulty, Michael J., E-mail: mcanulmj@id.doe.gov [Department of Energy, 1955 Fremont Avenue, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 (United States); Potirniche, Gabriel P. [Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 (United States); Tokuhiro, Akira [Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Idaho, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 (United States)

2012-09-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer An internal state variable approach is used to predict the plastic behavior of irradiated metals. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The model predicts uniaxial tensile test data for irradiated 304L stainless steel. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The model is implemented as a user-defined material subroutine in the finite element code ABAQUS. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Results are compared for the unirradiated and irradiated specimens loaded in uniaxial tension. - Abstract: Neutron irradiation of metals results in decreased fracture toughness, decreased ductility, increased yield strength and increased ductile-to-brittle transition temperature. Designers use the most limiting material properties throughout the reactor vessel lifetime to determine acceptable safety margins. To reduce analysis conservatism, a new model is proposed based on an internal state variable approach for the plastic behavior of unirradiated ductile materials to support its use for analyzing irradiated materials. The proposed modeling addresses low temperature irradiation of 304L stainless steel, and predicts uniaxial tensile test data of irradiated experimental specimens. The model was implemented as a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) in the finite element software ABAQUS. Results are compared between the unirradiated and irradiated specimens subjected to tension tests.

DIGLIB, Multi Platform Graphics Subroutine Library

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buleson, R.R.

2002-01-01

Description of program or function: DIGLIB is a collection of general graphics subroutines. It was designed to be small, reasonably fast, device-independent, and compatible with DEC-supplied operating systems for VAXes, PDP-11s, and LSI-11s, and the DOS operating system for IBM PCs and IBM-compatible machines. The software is readily usable for casual programmers for two-dimensional plotting

Computer subroutines to aid analysis of experimental data from thermocouples and pressure transducers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Durham, M.E.

1976-08-01

Three subroutines (CALSET, CALBR8 and PTRCAL) have been written to provide a convenient system for converting experimental measurements obtained from thermocouples and pressure transducers to temperatures and pressures. The method of operation and the application of the subroutines are described. (author)

Subroutine for series solutions of linear differential equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tasso, H.; Steuerwald, J.

1976-02-01

A subroutine for Taylor series solutions of systems of ordinary linear differential equations is descriebed. It uses the old idea of Lie series but allows simple implementation and is time-saving for symbolic manipulations. (orig.) [de

DYNSTALL: Subroutine package with a dynamic stall model

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjoerck, Anders [Aeronautical Research Inst. of Sweden, Bromma (Sweden)

2001-03-01

A subroutine package, called DYNSTALL, for the calculation of 2D unsteady airfoil aerodynamics is described. The subroutines are written in FORTRAN. DYNSTALL is basically an implementation of the Beddoes-Leishman dynamic stall model. This model is a semi-empirical model for dynamic stall. It includes, however, also models for attached flow unsteady aerodynamics. It is complete in the sense that it treats attached flow as well as separated flow. Semi-empirical means that the model relies on empirically determined constants. Semi because the constants are constants in equations with some physical interpretation. It requires the input of 2D airfoil aerodynamic data via tables as function of angle of attack. The method is intended for use in an aeroelastic code with the aerodynamics solved by blade/element method. DYNSTALL was written to work for any 2D angles of attack relative to the airfoil, e.g. flow from the rear of an airfoil.

Crack density and electrical resistance in indium-tin-oxide/polymer thin films under cyclic loading

KAUST Repository

Mora Cordova, Angel

2014-11-01

Here, we propose a damage model that describes the degradation of the material properties of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films deposited on polymer substrates under cyclic loading. We base this model on our earlier tensile test model and show that the new model is suitable for cyclic loading. After calibration with experimental data, we are able to capture the stress-strain behavior and changes in electrical resistance of ITO thin films. We are also able to predict the crack density using calibrations from our previous model. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of our model based on simulations using material properties reported in the literature. Our model is implemented in the commercially available finite element software ABAQUS using a user subroutine UMAT.[Figure not available: see fulltext.].

Performance Analysis of Memory Transfers and GEMM Subroutines on NVIDIA Tesla GPU Cluster

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Allada, Veerendra, Benjegerdes, Troy; Bode, Brett

2009-08-31

Commodity clusters augmented with application accelerators are evolving as competitive high performance computing systems. The Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) with a very high arithmetic density and performance per price ratio is a good platform for the scientific application acceleration. In addition to the interconnect bottlenecks among the cluster compute nodes, the cost of memory copies between the host and the GPU device have to be carefully amortized to improve the overall efficiency of the application. Scientific applications also rely on efficient implementation of the BAsic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS), among which the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is considered as the workhorse subroutine. In this paper, they study the performance of the memory copies and GEMM subroutines that are critical to port the computational chemistry algorithms to the GPU clusters. To that end, a benchmark based on the NetPIPE framework is developed to evaluate the latency and bandwidth of the memory copies between the host and the GPU device. The performance of the single and double precision GEMM subroutines from the NVIDIA CUBLAS 2.0 library are studied. The results have been compared with that of the BLAS routines from the Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL) to understand the computational trade-offs. The test bed is a Intel Xeon cluster equipped with NVIDIA Tesla GPUs.

Performance Analysis of Memory Transfers and GEMM Subroutines on NVIDIA Tesla GPU Cluster

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allada, Veerendra; Benjegerdes, Troy; Bode, Brett

2009-01-01

Commodity clusters augmented with application accelerators are evolving as competitive high performance computing systems. The Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) with a very high arithmetic density and performance per price ratio is a good platform for the scientific application acceleration. In addition to the interconnect bottlenecks among the cluster compute nodes, the cost of memory copies between the host and the GPU device have to be carefully amortized to improve the overall efficiency of the application. Scientific applications also rely on efficient implementation of the BAsic Linear Algebra Subroutines (BLAS), among which the General Matrix Multiply (GEMM) is considered as the workhorse subroutine. In this paper, they study the performance of the memory copies and GEMM subroutines that are critical to port the computational chemistry algorithms to the GPU clusters. To that end, a benchmark based on the NetPIPE framework is developed to evaluate the latency and bandwidth of the memory copies between the host and the GPU device. The performance of the single and double precision GEMM subroutines from the NVIDIA CUBLAS 2.0 library are studied. The results have been compared with that of the BLAS routines from the Intel Math Kernel Library (MKL) to understand the computational trade-offs. The test bed is a Intel Xeon cluster equipped with NVIDIA Tesla GPUs.

Numerical Analysis of Deflections of Multi-Layered Beams

Science.gov (United States)

Biliński, Tadeusz; Socha, Tomasz

2015-03-01

The paper concerns the rheological bending problem of wooden beams reinforced with embedded composite bars. A theoretical model of the behaviour of a multi-layered beam is presented. The component materials of this beam are described with equations for the linear viscoelastic five-parameter rheological model. Two numerical analysis methods for the long-term response of wood structures are presented. The first method has been developed with SCILAB software. The second one has been developed with the finite element calculation software ABAQUS and user subroutine UMAT. Laboratory investigations were conducted on sample beams of natural dimensions in order to validate the proposed theoretical model and verify numerical simulations. Good agreement between experimental measurements and numerical results is observed.

Evaluation of the viscoelastic behaviour and glass/mould interface friction coefficient in the wafer based precision glass moulding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sarhadi, Ali; Hattel, Jesper Henri; Hansen, Hans Nørgaard

2014-01-01

-placements, internal diameter and thickness of the rings are measured during the tests. Viscoelastic andstructural relaxation behaviour of the glass are implemented into the ABAQUS FEM software through aFORTRAN material subroutine (UMAT) and the FE model is validated with a sandwich seal test. Then, byFE simulation...... of the ring compression test and comparison of the experimental creep with the simulatedone in an iterative procedure, viscoelastic parameters of the glass material are characterized. Finally,interfacial glass/mould friction coefficients at different temperatures are determined through FEM basedfriction...... curves combined with experimental data points. The obtained viscoelastic parameters and inter-facial friction coefficients can later be employed for prediction of the final shape/size as well as the stressdistribution in the glass wafer during a real wafer based precision glass moulding process. © 2014...

AERFORCE: Subroutine package for unsteady blade-element/momentum calculations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjoerck, Anders

2000-05-01

A subroutine package, called AERFORCE, for the calculation of aerodynamic forces of wind turbine rotors has been written. The subroutines are written in FORTRAN. AERFORCE requires the input of airfoil aerodynamic data via tables as function of angle of attack, the turbine blade and rotor geometry and wind and blade velocities as input. The method is intended for use in an aeroelastic code. Wind and blade velocities are given at a sequence of time steps and blade forces are returned. The aerodynamic method is basically a Blade-Element/Momentum method. The method is fast and coded to be used in time simulations. In order to obtain a steady state solution a time simulation to steady state conditions has to be carried out. The BEM-method in AERFORCE includes extensions for: Dynamic inflow: Unsteady modeling of the inflow for cases with unsteady blade loading or unsteady wind. Extensions to BEM-theory for inclined flow to the rotor disc (yaw model). Unsteady blade aerodynamics: The inclusion of 2D attached flow unsteady aerodynamics and a semi-empirical model for 2D dynamic stall.

SAHYB-2, Solution of Ordinary Differential Equation with User-Supplied Subroutine

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoop, H. d'; Monterosso, R.

1967-01-01

1 - Nature of physical problem solved: SAHYB-2 is a general purpose programme for the solution of ordinary differential equations. These are written in a user-supplied subroutine called DER, which uses notations very close to mathematical formulas. Special mathematical functions are included in the programme, as: Function generation, delay generation, steps, ramps and pulses, as well as a simplified standard output procedure - boundary value problems or parametric optimisation may be handled by iterations adding a subroutine called REPEAT. 2 - Method of solution: Integration is carried out by constant step fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, or by a fixed or variable step Adams-Moulton predictor corrector method. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: Maximum 150 differential equations of the first order. Maximum 30 tables for function generator or delay lines

Numerical Analysis of Deflections of Multi-Layered Beams

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Biliński Tadeusz

2015-03-01

Full Text Available The paper concerns the rheological bending problem of wooden beams reinforced with embedded composite bars. A theoretical model of the behaviour of a multi-layered beam is presented. The component materials of this beam are described with equations for the linear viscoelastic five-parameter rheological model. Two numerical analysis methods for the long-term response of wood structures are presented. The first method has been developed with SCILAB software. The second one has been developed with the finite element calculation software ABAQUS and user subroutine UMAT. Laboratory investigations were conducted on sample beams of natural dimensions in order to validate the proposed theoretical model and verify numerical simulations. Good agreement between experimental measurements and numerical results is observed.

Theoretical modeling and experimental study on fatigue initiation life of 16MnR notched components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang Xiaogui; Gao Zengliang; Qiu Baoxiang; Jiang Yanrao

2010-01-01

In order to investigate the effects of notch geometry and loading conditions on the fatigue initiation life and fatigue fracture life of 16MnR material, fatigue experiments were conducted for both smooth rod specimens and notched rod specimens. The detailed elastic-plastic stress and strain responses were computed by the finite element software (ABAQUS) incorporating a robust cyclic plasticity model via a user subroutine UMAT. The obtained stresses and strains were applied to the multiaxial fatigue damage criterion to compute the fatigue damage induced by a loading cycle on the critical material plane. The fatigue initiation life was then obtained by the proposed theoretical model. The well agreement between the predicted results and the experiment data indicated that the fatigue initiation of notched components in the multiaxial stress state related to all the nonzero stress and strain quantities. (authors)

Computer subroutine for estimating aerodynamic blade loads on Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines. [FORCE code

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sullivan, W. N.; Leonard, T. M.

1980-11-01

An important aspect of structural design of the Darrieus rotor is the determination of aerodynamic blade loads. This report describes a load generator which has been used at Sandia for quasi-static and dynamic rotor analyses. The generator is based on the single streamtube aerodynamic flow model and is constructed as a FORTRAN IV subroutine to facilitate its use in finite element structural models. Input and output characteristics of the subroutine are described and a complete listing is attached as an appendix.

Advanced finite element simulation with MSC Marc application of user subroutines

CERN Document Server

Javanbakht, Zia

2017-01-01

This book offers an in-depth insight into the general-purpose finite element program MSC Marc, which is distributed by MSC Software Corporation. It is a specialized program for nonlinear problems (implicit solver) which is common in academia and industry. The primary goal of this book is to provide a comprehensive introduction to a special feature of this software: the user can write user-subroutines in the programming language Fortran, which is the language of all classical finite element packages. This subroutine feature allows the user to replace certain modules of the core code and to implement new features such as constitutive laws or new elements. Thus, the functionality of commercial codes (‘black box’) can easily be extended by linking user written code to the main core of the program. This feature allows to take advantage of a commercial software package with the flexibility of a ‘semi-open’ code. .

FUNPACK-2, Subroutine Library, Bessel Function, Elliptical Integrals, Min-max Approximation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cody, W.J.; Garbow, Burton S.

1975-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: FUNPACK is a collection of FORTRAN subroutines to evaluate certain special functions. The individual subroutines are (Identification/Description): NATSI0 F2I0 Bessel function I 0 ; NATSI1 F2I1 Bessel function I 1 ; NATSJ0 F2J0 Bessel function J 0 ; NATSJ1 F2J1 Bessel function J 1 ; NATSK0 F2K0 Bessel function K 0 ; NATSK1 F2K1 Bessel function K 1 ; NATSBESY F2BY Bessel function Y ν ; DAW F1DW Dawson's integral; DELIPK F1EK Complete elliptic integral of the first kind; DELIPE F1EE Complete elliptic integral of the second kind; DEI F1EI Exponential integrals; NATSPSI F2PS Psi (logarithmic derivative of gamma function); MONERR F1MO Error monitoring package . 2 - Method of solution: FUNPACK uses evaluation of min-max approximations

Parameter estimation of a nonlinear Burger's model using nanoindentation and finite element-based inverse analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Hamim, Salah Uddin Ahmed

Nanoindentation involves probing a hard diamond tip into a material, where the load and the displacement experienced by the tip is recorded continuously. This load-displacement data is a direct function of material's innate stress-strain behavior. Thus, theoretically it is possible to extract mechanical properties of a material through nanoindentation. However, due to various nonlinearities associated with nanoindentation the process of interpreting load-displacement data into material properties is difficult. Although, simple elastic behavior can be characterized easily, a method to characterize complicated material behavior such as nonlinear viscoelasticity is still lacking. In this study, a nanoindentation-based material characterization technique is developed to characterize soft materials exhibiting nonlinear viscoelasticity. Nanoindentation experiment was modeled in finite element analysis software (ABAQUS), where a nonlinear viscoelastic behavior was incorporated using user-defined subroutine (UMAT). The model parameters were calibrated using a process called inverse analysis. In this study, a surrogate model-based approach was used for the inverse analysis. The different factors affecting the surrogate model performance are analyzed in order to optimize the performance with respect to the computational cost.

Utility subroutine package used by Applied Physics Division export codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adams, C.H.; Derstine, K.L.; Henryson, H. II; Hosteny, R.P.; Toppel, B.J.

1983-04-01

This report describes the current state of the utility subroutine package used with codes being developed by the staff of the Applied Physics Division. The package provides a variety of useful functions for BCD input processing, dynamic core-storage allocation and managemnt, binary I/0 and data manipulation. The routines were written to conform to coding standards which facilitate the exchange of programs between different computers

Performance Analysis of Parallel Mathematical Subroutine library PARCEL

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamada, Susumu; Shimizu, Futoshi; Kobayashi, Kenichi; Kaburaki, Hideo; Kishida, Norio

2000-01-01

The parallel mathematical subroutine library PARCEL (Parallel Computing Elements) has been developed by Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute for easy use of typical parallelized mathematical codes in any application problems on distributed parallel computers. The PARCEL includes routines for linear equations, eigenvalue problems, pseudo-random number generation, and fast Fourier transforms. It is shown that the results of performance for linear equations routines exhibit good parallelization efficiency on vector, as well as scalar, parallel computers. A comparison of the efficiency results with the PETSc (Portable Extensible Tool kit for Scientific Computations) library has been reported. (author)

FORTRAN subroutine for computing the optimal estimate of f(x)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaffney, P.W.

1980-10-01

A FORTRAN subroutine called RANGE is presented that is designed to compute the optimal estimate of a function f given values of the function at n distinct points x 1 2 < ... < x/sub n/ and given a bound on one of the derivatives of f. We donate this estimate by Ω. It is optimal in the sense that the error abs value (f - Ω) has the smallest possible error bound

Library of subroutines to produce one- and two-dimensional statistical distributions on the ES-1010 computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vzorov, I.K.; Ivanov, V.V.

1978-01-01

A library of subroutines to produce 1- and 2-dimensional distribution on the ES-1010 computer is described. 1-dimensional distribution is represented as the histogram, 2-dimensional one is represented as the table. The library provides such opportunities as booking and deleting, filling and clearing histograms (tables), arithmetic operations with them, and printing histograms (tables) on the computer printer with variable printer line. All subroutines are written in FORTRAN-4 language and can be called from the program written in FORTRAN or in ASSEMBLER. This library can be implemented on all computer systems that offer a FORTRAN-4 compiler

Perseo. A flexible subroutine system for plotting of threedimensional graphs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guasp, J.

1979-01-01

The Perseo subroutine system allows the drawing of three dimensional grafics at the digital plotter Calcomp-936, as well in ordinary perspective, with two variable angles, as in cavalier perspective, with only one angle. It has high versatility and can be used in a very simple way. The drawing of lines uses histograms and allows the correct handling of hidden lines. It has been writen in Fortran V for the Univac-1110 from J.E.N. (author)

Failure Analysis of a Sheet Metal Blanking Process Based on Damage Coupling Model

Science.gov (United States)

Wen, Y.; Chen, Z. H.; Zang, Y.

2013-11-01

In this paper, a blanking process of sheet metal is studied by the methods of numerical simulation and experimental observation. The effects of varying technological parameters related to the quality of products are investigated. An elastoplastic constitutive equation accounting for isotropic ductile damage is implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS with a user-defined material subroutine UMAT. The simulations of the damage evolution and ductile fracture in a sheet metal blanking process have been carried out by the FEM. In order to guarantee computation accuracy and avoid numerical divergence during large plastic deformation, a specified remeshing technique is successively applied when severe element distortion occurs. In the simulation, the evolutions of damage at different stage of the blanking process have been evaluated and the distributions of damage obtained from simulation are in proper agreement with the experimental results.

Plastic limit pressure of spherical vessels with combined hardening involving large deformation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leu, S.-Y.; Liao, K.-C.; Lin, Y.-C.

2014-01-01

The paper aims to investigate plastic limit pressure of spherical vessels of nonlinear combined isotropic/kinematic hardening materials. The Armstrong-Frederick kinematic hardening model is adopted and the Voce hardening law is incorporated for isotropic hardening behavior. Analytically, we extend sequential limit analysis to deal with combined isotropic/kinematic hardening materials. Further, exact solutions of plastic limit pressure were developed analytically by conducting both static and kinematic limit analysis. The onset of instability was also derived and solved iteratively by Newton's method. Numerically, elastic–plastic analysis is also performed by the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS incorporated with the user subroutine UMAT implemented with user materials of combined hardening. Finally, the problem formulation and the solution derivations presented here are validated by a very good agreement between the numerical results of exact solutions and the results of elastic–plastic finite-element analysis by ABAQUS. -- Highlights: • Sequential limit analysis is extended to consider combined hardening. • Exact solutions of plastic limit pressure are developed. • The onset of instability of a spherical vessel is derived and solved numerically

Micromechanical modeling of rate-dependent behavior of Connective tissues.

Science.gov (United States)

Fallah, A; Ahmadian, M T; Firozbakhsh, K; Aghdam, M M

2017-03-07

In this paper, a constitutive and micromechanical model for prediction of rate-dependent behavior of connective tissues (CTs) is presented. Connective tissues are considered as nonlinear viscoelastic material. The rate-dependent behavior of CTs is incorporated into model using the well-known quasi-linear viscoelasticity (QLV) theory. A planar wavy representative volume element (RVE) is considered based on the tissue microstructure histological evidences. The presented model parameters are identified based on the available experiments in the literature. The presented constitutive model introduced to ABAQUS by means of UMAT subroutine. Results show that, monotonic uniaxial test predictions of the presented model at different strain rates for rat tail tendon (RTT) and human patellar tendon (HPT) are in good agreement with experimental data. Results of incremental stress-relaxation test are also presented to investigate both instantaneous and viscoelastic behavior of connective tissues. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Finite element implementation of strain-hardening Drucker–Prager plasticity model with application to tunnel excavation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

K. Liu

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a finite element implementation of a strain-hardening Drucker–Prager model and its application to tunnel excavation. The computational model was constructed based on the return mapping scheme, in which an elastic trial step was first executed, followed by plastic correction involving the Newton–Raphson method to return the predicted state of stresses to the supposed yield surface. By combining the plastic shear hardening rule and stress correction equations, the loading index for the strain-hardening Drucker–Prager model was solved. It is therefore possible to update the stresses, elastic and plastic strains, and slope of the yield locus at the end of each incremental step. As an illustrative example, an integration algorithm was incorporated into ABAQUS through the user subroutine UMAT to solve the tunnel excavation problem in strain-hardening Drucker–Prager rock formations. The obtained numerical results were found to be in excellent agreement with the available analytical solutions, thus indicating the validity and accuracy of the proposed UMAT code, as well as the finite element model.

T-H-A-T-S: timber-harvesting-and-transport-simulator: with subroutines for Appalachian logging

Science.gov (United States)

A. Jeff Martin

1975-01-01

A computer program for simulating harvesting operations is presented. Written in FORTRAN IV, the program contains subroutines that were developed for Appalachian logging conditions. However, with appropriate modifications, the simulator would be applicable for most logging operations and locations. The details of model development and its methodology are presented,...

Subroutine MLTGRD: a multigrid algorithm based on multiplicative correction and implicit non-stationary iteration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barry, J.M.; Pollard, J.P.

1986-11-01

A FORTRAN subroutine MLTGRD is provided to solve efficiently the large systems of linear equations arising from a five-point finite difference discretisation of some elliptic partial differential equations. MLTGRD is a multigrid algorithm which provides multiplicative correction to iterative solution estimates from successively reduced systems of linear equations. It uses the method of implicit non-stationary iteration for all grid levels

Grow--a computer subroutine that projects the growth of trees in the Lake States' forests.

Science.gov (United States)

Gary J. Brand

1981-01-01

A computer subroutine, Grow, has been written in 1977 Standard FORTRAN to implement a distance-independent, individual tree growth model for Lake States' forests. Grow is a small and easy-to-use version of the growth model. All the user has to do is write a calling program to read initial conditions, call Grow, and summarize the results.

The inverse of winnowing: a FORTRAN subroutine and discussion of unwinnowing discrete data

Science.gov (United States)

Bracken, Robert E.

2004-01-01

This report describes an unwinnowing algorithm that utilizes a discrete Fourier transform, and a resulting Fortran subroutine that winnows or unwinnows a 1-dimensional stream of discrete data; the source code is included. The unwinnowing algorithm effectively increases (by integral factors) the number of available data points while maintaining the original frequency spectrum of a data stream. This has utility when an increased data density is required together with an availability of higher order derivatives that honor the original data.

PENGEOM-A general-purpose geometry package for Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transport in material systems defined by quadric surfaces

Science.gov (United States)

Almansa, Julio; Salvat-Pujol, Francesc; Díaz-Londoño, Gloria; Carnicer, Artur; Lallena, Antonio M.; Salvat, Francesc

2016-02-01

The Fortran subroutine package PENGEOM provides a complete set of tools to handle quadric geometries in Monte Carlo simulations of radiation transport. The material structure where radiation propagates is assumed to consist of homogeneous bodies limited by quadric surfaces. The PENGEOM subroutines (a subset of the PENELOPE code) track particles through the material structure, independently of the details of the physics models adopted to describe the interactions. Although these subroutines are designed for detailed simulations of photon and electron transport, where all individual interactions are simulated sequentially, they can also be used in mixed (class II) schemes for simulating the transport of high-energy charged particles, where the effect of soft interactions is described by the random-hinge method. The definition of the geometry and the details of the tracking algorithm are tailored to optimize simulation speed. The use of fuzzy quadric surfaces minimizes the impact of round-off errors. The provided software includes a Java graphical user interface for editing and debugging the geometry definition file and for visualizing the material structure. Images of the structure are generated by using the tracking subroutines and, hence, they describe the geometry actually passed to the simulation code.

An Image-Based Finite Element Approach for Simulating Viscoelastic Response of Asphalt Mixture

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wenke Huang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available This paper presents an image-based micromechanical modeling approach to predict the viscoelastic behavior of asphalt mixture. An improved image analysis technique based on the OTSU thresholding operation was employed to reduce the beam hardening effect in X-ray CT images. We developed a voxel-based 3D digital reconstruction model of asphalt mixture with the CT images after being processed. In this 3D model, the aggregate phase and air void were considered as elastic materials while the asphalt mastic phase was considered as linear viscoelastic material. The viscoelastic constitutive model of asphalt mastic was implemented in a finite element code using the ABAQUS user material subroutine (UMAT. An experimental procedure for determining the parameters of the viscoelastic constitutive model at a given temperature was proposed. To examine the capability of the model and the accuracy of the parameter, comparisons between the numerical predictions and the observed laboratory results of bending and compression tests were conducted. Finally, the verified digital sample of asphalt mixture was used to predict the asphalt mixture viscoelastic behavior under dynamic loading and creep-recovery loading. Simulation results showed that the presented image-based digital sample may be appropriate for predicting the mechanical behavior of asphalt mixture when all the mechanical properties for different phases became available.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE MECHANICS OF SINGLE CRYSTAL TURBINE BLADES WITH A VIEW TOWARDS ENHANCING GAS TURBINE EFFICIENCY

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

K.R. Rajagopal; I.J. Rao

2006-05-05

The demand for increased efficiency of gas turbines used in power generation and aircraft applications has fueled research into advanced materials for gas turbine blades that can withstand higher temperatures in that they have excellent resistance to creep. The term ''Superalloys'' describes a group of alloys developed for applications that require high performance at elevated temperatures. Superalloys have a load bearing capacity up to 0.9 times their melting temperature. The objective of the investigation was to develop a thermodynamic model that can be used to describe the response of single crystal superalloys that takes into account the microstructure of the alloy within the context of a continuum model. Having developed the model, its efficacy was to be tested by corroborating the predictions of the model with available experimental data. Such a model was developed and it is implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS/STANDARD through a user subroutine (UMAT) so that the model can be used in realistic geometries that correspond to turbine blades.

READKO - a subroutine package for centralized input- and output operations in KAPROS (Version 1.8)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kuefner, K.

1982-06-01

Subroutines are presented for the FORTRAN statements related to unformated (binary) data transfer. The cells are identical for all file realizations supported by KAPROS (data blocks, external units). Only at run-time of a module the actual realizations of the files are fixed. In this way, the input- and output-statements of a program are centralized, thereby greatly facilitating the KAPROS implementation of a program as well as the adoption of a KAPROS module for a 'stand alone' environment. (orig.) [de

SLATEC-4.1, Subroutine Library for Solution of Mathematical Problems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Boland, W.R.

1999-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: SLATEC4.1 is a large collection of FORTRAN mathematical subprograms brought together in a joint effort by the Air Force Phillips Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Magnetic Fusion Energy Computing Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sandia National Laboratories (Albuquerque and Livermore), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. SLATEC is characterized by portability, good numerical technology, good documentation, robustness, and quality assurance. The library can be divided into the following subsections following the lines of the GAMS classification system: Error Analysis, Elementary and Special Functions, Elementary Vector Operations, Solutions of Systems of Linear Equations, Eigen analysis, QR Decomposition, Singular Value Decomposition, Overdetermined or Underdetermined Systems, Interpolation, Solution of Nonlinear Equations, Optimization, Quadrature, Ordinary Differential Equations, Partial Differential Equations, Fast Fourier Transforms, Approximation, Pseudo-random Number Generation, Sorting, Machine Constants, and Diagnostics and Error Handling. 2 - Method of solution: This information is provided by comments within the individual library subroutines

ELBERETH. A subroutine library for graphic representation from J. E. N. Fusion Division

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guasp, J.

1981-01-01

A library for graphic representation, named ELBERETH, has been built, all the subroutines have been written in FORTRAN-V for the UN IVAC-1100/80 computers from JEN and are able to produce drawing on the CALCOMP-936 plotter, as well as with the printers and on the UTS-400 terminal screen. The library can yield two or three-dimensional plots as rail as level lines, all of them under free format or in several standard ones either. It allows to be used on a simplified way by direct reading from a file. It has been constructed too with a flexible structure to allow forth coming extensions. (Author) 4 refs

A unified dislocation density-dependent physical-based constitutive model for cold metal forming

Science.gov (United States)

Schacht, K.; Motaman, A. H.; Prahl, U.; Bleck, W.

2017-10-01

Dislocation-density-dependent physical-based constitutive models of metal plasticity while are computationally efficient and history-dependent, can accurately account for varying process parameters such as strain, strain rate and temperature; different loading modes such as continuous deformation, creep and relaxation; microscopic metallurgical processes; and varying chemical composition within an alloy family. Since these models are founded on essential phenomena dominating the deformation, they have a larger range of usability and validity. Also, they are suitable for manufacturing chain simulations since they can efficiently compute the cumulative effect of the various manufacturing processes by following the material state through the entire manufacturing chain and also interpass periods and give a realistic prediction of the material behavior and final product properties. In the physical-based constitutive model of cold metal plasticity introduced in this study, physical processes influencing cold and warm plastic deformation in polycrystalline metals are described using physical/metallurgical internal variables such as dislocation density and effective grain size. The evolution of these internal variables are calculated using adequate equations that describe the physical processes dominating the material behavior during cold plastic deformation. For validation, the model is numerically implemented in general implicit isotropic elasto-viscoplasticity algorithm as a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT) in ABAQUS/Standard and used for finite element simulation of upsetting tests and a complete cold forging cycle of case hardenable MnCr steel family.

ACQUA97 - a Fortran subroutine to evaluate the IAPWS-IF97 equations of state for water and steam

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Veloso, Marcelo A.; Dias, Marcio S.; Fortini, Maria Auxiliadora

2007-01-01

Fundamental to subroutine ACQUA97 is the IAPWS-IF97 formulation for the thermodynamic properties of water and steam adopted by the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS) in 1997. This new formulation is designed specifically for industrial applications, and replaces the previous industrial formulation, IFC-67, that has formed the basis of steam tables used in many areas of steam power industry throughout the world since the late 1960's. ACQUA97 has been programmed to compute the thermodynamic properties of water and steam (pressure, temperature, specific volume, specific entropy, specific enthalpy, and internal specific energy) and their main first partial derivatives for several combinations of two independent variables. One of the independent variable is either pressure or temperature. Vapor-liquid saturation properties are calculated at specified temperature or pressure. Transport properties (dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity) and vapor-liquid surface tension are also calculated with formulations adopted by IAPWS. Any of the above mentioned thermophysical properties can be computed by this single subroutine from a simple main program supplied by the user. ACQUA97 might be very useful to those who deal with design and evaluation of thermal power plants. (author)

A general purpose subroutine for fast fourier transform on a distributed memory parallel machine

Science.gov (United States)

Dubey, A.; Zubair, M.; Grosch, C. E.

1992-01-01

One issue which is central in developing a general purpose Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) subroutine on a distributed memory parallel machine is the data distribution. It is possible that different users would like to use the FFT routine with different data distributions. Thus, there is a need to design FFT schemes on distributed memory parallel machines which can support a variety of data distributions. An FFT implementation on a distributed memory parallel machine which works for a number of data distributions commonly encountered in scientific applications is presented. The problem of rearranging the data after computing the FFT is also addressed. The performance of the implementation on a distributed memory parallel machine Intel iPSC/860 is evaluated.

Preliminary Development of a Unified Viscoplastic Constitutive Model for Alloy 617 with Special Reference to Long Term Creep Behavior

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sham, Sam; Walker, Kevin P.

2008-01-01

The expected service life of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant is 60 years. Structural analyses of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) will require the development of unified viscoplastic constitutive models that address the material behavior of Alloy 617, a construction material of choice, over a wide range of strain rates. Many unified constitutive models employ a yield stress state variable which is used to account for cyclic hardening and softening of the material. For low stress values below the yield stress state variable these constitutive models predict that no inelastic deformation takes place which is contrary to experimental results. The ability to model creep deformation at low stresses for the IHX application is very important as the IHX operational stresses are restricted to very small values due to the low creep strengths at elevated temperatures and long design lifetime. This paper presents some preliminary work in modeling the unified viscoplastic constitutive behavior of Alloy 617 which accounts for the long term, low stress, creep behavior and the hysteretic behavior of the material at elevated temperatures. The preliminary model is presented in one-dimensional form for ease of understanding, but the intent of the present work is to produce a three-dimensional model suitable for inclusion in the user subroutines UMAT and USERPL of the ABAQUS and ANSYS nonlinear finite element codes. Further experiments and constitutive modeling efforts are planned to model the material behavior of Alloy 617 in more detail

Comparison of DT neutron production codes MCUNED, ENEA-JSI source subroutine and DDT

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Čufar, Aljaž, E-mail: aljaz.cufar@ijs.si [Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Lengar, Igor; Kodeli, Ivan [Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia); Milocco, Alberto [Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, OX14 3DB (United Kingdom); Sauvan, Patrick [Departamento de Ingeniería Energética, E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, UNED, C/Juan del Rosal 12, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Conroy, Sean [VR Association, Uppsala University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, PO Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala (Sweden); Snoj, Luka [Reactor Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana (Slovenia)

2016-11-01

Highlights: • Results of three codes capable of simulating the accelerator based DT neutron generators were compared on a simple model where only a thin target made of mixture of titanium and tritium is present. Two typical deuteron beam energies, 100 keV and 250 keV, were used in the comparison. • Comparisons of the angular dependence of the total neutron flux and spectrum as well as the neutron spectrum of all the neutrons emitted from the target show general agreement of the results but also some noticeable differences. • A comparison of figures of merit of the calculations using different codes showed that the computational time necessary to achieve the same statistical uncertainty can vary for more than 30× when different codes for the simulation of the DT neutron generator are used. - Abstract: As the DT fusion reaction produces neutrons with energies significantly higher than in fission reactors, special fusion-relevant benchmark experiments are often performed using DT neutron generators. However, commonly used Monte Carlo particle transport codes such as MCNP or TRIPOLI cannot be directly used to analyze these experiments since they do not have the capabilities to model the production of DT neutrons. Three of the available approaches to model the DT neutron generator source are the MCUNED code, the ENEA-JSI DT source subroutine and the DDT code. The MCUNED code is an extension of the well-established and validated MCNPX Monte Carlo code. The ENEA-JSI source subroutine was originally prepared for the modelling of the FNG experiments using different versions of the MCNP code (−4, −5, −X) and was later extended to allow the modelling of both DT and DD neutron sources. The DDT code prepares the DT source definition file (SDEF card in MCNP) which can then be used in different versions of the MCNP code. In the paper the methods for the simulation of the DT neutron production used in the codes are briefly described and compared for the case of a

Automated Reuse of Scientific Subroutine Libraries through Deductive Synthesis

Science.gov (United States)

Lowry, Michael R.; Pressburger, Thomas; VanBaalen, Jeffrey; Roach, Steven

1997-01-01

Systematic software construction offers the potential of elevating software engineering from an art-form to an engineering discipline. The desired result is more predictable software development leading to better quality and more maintainable software. However, the overhead costs associated with the formalisms, mathematics, and methods of systematic software construction have largely precluded their adoption in real-world software development. In fact, many mainstream software development organizations, such as Microsoft, still maintain a predominantly oral culture for software development projects; which is far removed from a formalism-based culture for software development. An exception is the limited domain of safety-critical software, where the high-assuiance inherent in systematic software construction justifies the additional cost. We believe that systematic software construction will only be adopted by mainstream software development organization when the overhead costs have been greatly reduced. Two approaches to cost mitigation are reuse (amortizing costs over many applications) and automation. For the last four years, NASA Ames has funded the Amphion project, whose objective is to automate software reuse through techniques from systematic software construction. In particular, deductive program synthesis (i.e., program extraction from proofs) is used to derive a composition of software components (e.g., subroutines) that correctly implements a specification. The construction of reuse libraries of software components is the standard software engineering solution for improving software development productivity and quality.

Algorithm 589. SICEDR: a FORTRAN subroutine for improving the accuracy of computed matrix eigenvalues

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dongarra, J.J.

1982-01-01

SICEDR is a FORTRAN subroutine for improving the accuracy of a computed real eigenvalue and improving or computing the associated eigenvector. It is first used to generate information during the determination of the eigenvalues by the Schur decomposition technique. In particular, the Schur decomposition technique results in an orthogonal matrix Q and an upper quasi-triangular matrix T, such that A = QTQ/sup T/. Matrices A, Q, and T and the approximate eigenvalue, say lambda, are then used in the improvement phase. SICEDR uses an iterative method similar to iterative improvement for linear systems to improve the accuracy of lambda and improve or compute the eigenvector x in O(n 2 ) work, where n is the order of the matrix A

Micromechanics and constitutive modeling of connective soft tissues.

Science.gov (United States)

Fallah, A; Ahmadian, M T; Firozbakhsh, K; Aghdam, M M

2016-07-01

In this paper, a micromechanical model for connective soft tissues based on the available histological evidences is developed. The proposed model constituents i.e. collagen fibers and ground matrix are considered as hyperelastic materials. The matrix material is assumed to be isotropic Neo-Hookean while the collagen fibers are considered to be transversely isotropic hyperelastic. In order to take into account the effects of tissue structure in lower scales on the macroscopic behavior of tissue, a strain energy density function (SEDF) is developed for collagen fibers based on tissue hierarchical structure. Macroscopic response and properties of tissue are obtained using the numerical homogenization method with the help of ABAQUS software. The periodic boundary conditions and the proposed constitutive models are implemented into ABAQUS using the DISP and the UMAT subroutines, respectively. The existence of the solution and stable material behavior of proposed constitutive model for collagen fibers are investigated based on the poly-convexity condition. Results of the presented micromechanics model for connective tissues are compared and validated with available experimental data. Effects of geometrical and material parameters variation at microscale on macroscopic mechanical behavior of tissues are investigated. The results show that decrease in collagen content of the connective tissues like the tendon due to diseases leads 20% more stretch than healthy tissue under the same load which can results in connective tissue malfunction and hypermobility in joints. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A subroutine for the calculation of resonance cross sections of U-238 in HTR fuel elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cuniberti, R; Marullo, G C

1971-02-15

In this paper, a survey of the codes used at Ispra for the calculations of resonance absorption in HTR fuel elements is presented and a subroutine for the calculation of resonance cross-sections, in a seven groups energy structure, for a HTR lattice of annular type is described. A library of homogeneous resonance integrals and a wide tabulation of lump and kernel Bell factors, and moderators efficiency is given. This paper deals mainly with the problem of taking into account the correct slowing down of neutrons in the graphite and with the derivation of Bell factors to be used in a multigroup calculation scheme.

AMDLIBF, IBM 360 Subroutine Library, Eigenvalues, Eigenvectors, Matrix Inversion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Jesse Y.

1980-01-01

Description of problem or function: AMDLIBF is a subset of the IBM 360 Subroutine Library at the Applied Mathematics Division at Argonne. This subset includes library category F: Identification/Description: F152S F SYMINV: Invert sym. matrices, solve lin. systems; F154S A DOTP: Double plus precision accum. inner prod.; F156S F RAYCOR: Rayleigh corrections for eigenvalues; F161S F XTRADP: A fast extended precision inner product; F162S A XTRADP: Inner product of two DP real vectors; F202S F1 EIGEN: Eigen-system for real symmetric matrix; F203S F: Driver for F202S; F248S F RITZIT: Largest eigenvalue and vec. real sym. matrix; F261S F EIGINV: Inverse eigenvalue problem; F313S F CQZHES: Reduce cmplx matrices to upper Hess and tri; F314S F CQZVAL: Reduce complex matrix to upper Hess. form; F315S F CQZVEC: Eigenvectors of cmplx upper triang. syst.; F316S F CGG: Driver for complex general Eigen-problem; F402S F MATINV: Matrix inversion and sol. of linear eqns.; F403S F: Driver for F402S; F452S F CHOLLU,CHOLEQ: Sym. decomp. of pos. def. band matrices; F453S F MATINC: Inversion of complex matrices; F454S F CROUT: Solution of simultaneous linear equations; F455S F CROUTC: Sol. of simultaneous complex linear eqns.; F456S F1 DIAG: Integer preserving Gaussian elimination

Constitutive modeling and finite element procedure development for stress analysis of prismatic high temperature gas cooled reactor graphite core components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mohanty, Subhasish; Majumdar, Saurindranath; Srinivasan, Makuteswara

2013-01-01

Highlights: • Finite element procedure developed for stress analysis of HTGR graphite component. • Realistic fluence profile and reflector brick shape considered for the simulation. • Also realistic H-451 grade material properties considered for simulation. • Typical outer reflector of a GT-MHR type reactor considered for numerical study. • Based on the simulation results replacement of graphite bricks can be scheduled. -- Abstract: High temperature gas cooled reactors, such as prismatic and pebble bed reactors, are increasingly becoming popular because of their inherent safety, high temperature process heat output, and high efficiency in nuclear power generation. In prismatic reactors, hexagonal graphite bricks are used as reflectors and fuel bricks. In the reactor environment, graphite bricks experience high temperature and neutron dose. This leads to dimensional changes (swelling and or shrinkage) of these bricks. Irradiation dimensional changes may affect the structural integrity of the individual bricks as well as of the overall core. The present paper presents a generic procedure for stress analysis of prismatic core graphite components using graphite reflector as an example. The procedure is demonstrated through commercially available ABAQUS finite element software using the option of user material subroutine (UMAT). This paper considers General Atomics Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR) as a bench mark design to perform the time integrated stress analysis of a typical reflector brick considering realistic geometry, flux distribution and realistic irradiation material properties of transversely isotropic H-451 grade graphite

Constitutive modeling and finite element procedure development for stress analysis of prismatic high temperature gas cooled reactor graphite core components

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mohanty, Subhasish, E-mail: smohanty@anl.gov [Argonne National Laboratory, South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Majumdar, Saurindranath [Argonne National Laboratory, South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439 (United States); Srinivasan, Makuteswara [U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555 (United States)

2013-07-15

Highlights: • Finite element procedure developed for stress analysis of HTGR graphite component. • Realistic fluence profile and reflector brick shape considered for the simulation. • Also realistic H-451 grade material properties considered for simulation. • Typical outer reflector of a GT-MHR type reactor considered for numerical study. • Based on the simulation results replacement of graphite bricks can be scheduled. -- Abstract: High temperature gas cooled reactors, such as prismatic and pebble bed reactors, are increasingly becoming popular because of their inherent safety, high temperature process heat output, and high efficiency in nuclear power generation. In prismatic reactors, hexagonal graphite bricks are used as reflectors and fuel bricks. In the reactor environment, graphite bricks experience high temperature and neutron dose. This leads to dimensional changes (swelling and or shrinkage) of these bricks. Irradiation dimensional changes may affect the structural integrity of the individual bricks as well as of the overall core. The present paper presents a generic procedure for stress analysis of prismatic core graphite components using graphite reflector as an example. The procedure is demonstrated through commercially available ABAQUS finite element software using the option of user material subroutine (UMAT). This paper considers General Atomics Gas Turbine-Modular Helium Reactor (GT-MHR) as a bench mark design to perform the time integrated stress analysis of a typical reflector brick considering realistic geometry, flux distribution and realistic irradiation material properties of transversely isotropic H-451 grade graphite.

AMDLIBGZ, IBM 360 Subroutine Library for Data Processing, Graphics, Sorting

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Jesse Y.

1980-01-01

Description of problem or function: AMDLIBGZ is a subset of the IBM 360 Subroutine Library at the Applied Mathematics Division at Argonne National Laboratory. This subset includes library categories G-Z: Identification/Description: G552S F RANF: Random number generator; J952S F YOLYPLOT: CalComp plots; J955S P GRAF: Prints a graph of points on line printer; K250S A1: Core to core conversion; K251S A HEXINP: Hexadecimal input for PL/I programs; K252S A HEXOUT: Hexadecimal output conv. PL/I programs; M101S F SORT: Algebraic sort; M150S F CSORT: Algebraic sort; M151S P2 ANLKWIC: KWIC sort; M250S A SMALLIST: Squeezes assembler listing to 8 x 11; N251S A ABEND: Calls ABEND dump; Q052S A CLOCK: Time; Q053S A COPYAGO: Copy load module from tape to disk; Q054S A DATE: Current date in form MM/DD/YY; Q055S A TIME: Time (24 hour clock) in EBCDIC HH.MM.SS; Z013S F: Variable metric minimization; Z057S A LOCF: Locate machine addresses of variables; Z071S A ALLOC: Allocate LCS for FORTRAN programs; Z074S A ANLMNP: Exponent and mantissa manipulative functs.

User's guide for simplified computer models for the estimation of long-term performance of cement-based materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Plansky, L.E.; Seitz, R.R.

1994-02-01

This report documents user instructions for several simplified subroutines and driver programs that can be used to estimate various aspects of the long-term performance of cement-based barriers used in low-level radioactive waste disposal facilities. The subroutines are prepared in a modular fashion to allow flexibility for a variety of applications. Three levels of codes are provided: the individual subroutines, interactive drivers for each of the subroutines, and an interactive main driver, CEMENT, that calls each of the individual drivers. The individual subroutines for the different models may be taken independently and used in larger programs, or the driver modules can be used to execute the subroutines separately or as part of the main driver routine. A brief program description is included and user-interface instructions for the individual subroutines are documented in the main report. These are intended to be used when the subroutines are used as subroutines in a larger computer code

Prediction of crack density and electrical resistance changes in indium tin oxide/polymer thin films under tensile loading

KAUST Repository

Mora Cordova, Angel

2014-06-11

We present unified predictions for the crack onset strain, evolution of crack density, and changes in electrical resistance in indium tin oxide/polymer thin films under tensile loading. We propose a damage mechanics model to quantify and predict such changes as an alternative to fracture mechanics formulations. Our predictions are obtained by assuming that there are no flaws at the onset of loading as opposed to the assumptions of fracture mechanics approaches. We calibrate the crack onset strain and the damage model based on experimental data reported in the literature. We predict crack density and changes in electrical resistance as a function of the damage induced in the films. We implement our model in the commercial finite element software ABAQUS using a user subroutine UMAT. We obtain fair to good agreement with experiments. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Three-Dimensional Modeling of Glass Lens Molding

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sarhadi, Ali; Hattel, Jesper Henri; Hansen, Hans Nørgaard

2015-01-01

The required accuracy for the final dimensions of the molded lenses in wafer-based precision glass molding as well as the need for elimination of costly experimental trial and error calls for numerical simulations. This study deals with 3D thermo-mechanical modeling of the wafer-based precision...... glass lens molding process. First, a comprehensive 3D thermo-mechanical model of glass is implemented into a FORTRAN user subroutine (UMAT) in the FE program ABAQUS, and the developed FE model is validated with both a well-known sandwich seal test and experimental results of precision molding of several...... glass rings. Afterward, 3D thermo-mechanical modeling of the wafer-based glass lens manufacturing is performed to suggest a proper molding program (i.e., the proper set of process parameters including preset force-time and temperature-time histories) for molding a wafer to a desired dimension...

UMaT

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Dr. Annku

2010-03-11

Mar 11, 2010 ... channels to IT, such as the Internet or other infor- mation services, has significantly extended the .... ellite by 2.4 m diameter Master Channel Prodelin dish. Gilatsatcom provides reliable service and its ... trally placed omni-directional antenna which trans- mits and also receives signals from remote LANs.

Remodelación ósea a través del Modelo de Stanford // Bone remodeling through the Stanford´s Model.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

H. Figueredo-Losada

2009-09-01

Full Text Available El material óseo es radicalmente distinto a cualquier otro material tratado por la mecánica clásica,su estructura es heterogénea y anisótropa, y sus propiedades mecánicas varían no solo entredistintos individuos, sino también, para un mismo hueso. En los tratamientos e intervencionesquirúrgicas donde está presente la readaptación, el crecimiento inducido del hueso puede sermodelado mediante el empleo de los criterios de remodelación ósea interna propuesto por algunosautores (Cowin y R. Huiskes, R. Carter, Doblare y García, Jacob y Beaupré y otros.En este trabajo se toma el modelo de remodelación ósea propuesto por Jacob (1994 y seimplementa con la utilización del programa Abaqus 6.4 utilizando una subrutina de usuario (UMAT,se aplico a un modelo 2D de hueso genérico con un sistema de cargas para comprobar los efectosde la remodelación y las variaciones de los valores de densidad. Como parte del trabajo fueroncreados dos programas para el procesamiento de los datos, para un análisis de resultados fuera delvisualizador del Abaqus, logrando una apreciación cualitativamente y cuantitativamente de losresultados.Palabras claves: remodelación ósea, elementos finitos, biomecánica._____________________________________________________________________________AbstractThe bone material is radically different to any other material tried by the classic mechanics, itsstructure is heterogeneous and anisótropic, and its mechanical properties not vary alone amongdifferent individuals, but also, for oneself bone. In the medical treatments and surgicalinterventions where it is present the readaptation, the induced growth of the bone can be modeledby means of the employment of the approaches of remodeling bone intern proposed by someauthors (Cowin and R. Huiskes, R. Crankcase, I will Doblare & García, Jacob & Beaupré and other.In this work it takes the pattern of bone remodelling proposed by Jacob (1994 and it isimplemented with the use of

SURF: a subroutine code to draw the axonometric projection of a surface generated by a scalar function over a discretized plane domain using finite element computations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giuliani, Giovanni; Giuliani, Silvano.

1980-01-01

The FORTRAN IV subroutine SURF has been designed to help visualising the results of Finite Element computations. It drawns the axonometric projection of a surface generated in 3-dimensional space by a scalar function over a discretized plane domain. The most important characteristic of the routine is to remove the hidden lines and in this way it enables a clear vision of the details of the generated surface

Documentation of the Tonge-Ramesh Material Model for Release 2015-06-05-152756

Science.gov (United States)

2015-10-01

on the Kayenta yield and flow surface (Brannon et al. 2009). The yield surface is written in terms of the Lode invariants. For a Cauchy stress tensor σ...codes that do not accurately track the temperature being fed into the UMAT. 23 References Brannon RM, Fossum A, Strack O. KAYENTA : Theory and user’s guide

SCATPI, a subroutine for calculating πN cross sections and polarizations for incident pion kinetic energies between 90 and 300 MeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walter, J.B.; Rebka, G.A. Jr.

1979-03-01

A subroutine, SCATPI, was written which calculates π + p elastic differential cross sections for incident pion kinetic energies between 90 and 310 MeV for π - p. The calculation is based upon the phase shift analysis of Carter, Bugg, and Carter, and is reliable to about 2% for π + p and 3% for π - p differential cross sections. SCATPI also calculates other scattering parameters for the π+-p systems. The calculations are compared with the measurements used in the phase shift analysis, and with selected recent measurements. The use of SCATPI is described. 14 figures, 4 tables

Development of a stress-mode sensitive viscoelastic constitutive relationship for asphalt concrete: experimental and numerical modeling

Science.gov (United States)

Karimi, Mohammad M.; Tabatabaee, Nader; Jahanbakhsh, H.; Jahangiri, Behnam

2017-08-01

Asphalt binder is responsible for the thermo-viscoelastic mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete. Upon application of pure compressive stress to an asphalt concrete specimen, the stress is transferred by mechanisms such as aggregate interlock and the adhesion/cohesion properties of asphalt mastic. In the pure tensile stress mode, aggregate interlock plays a limited role in stress transfer, and the mastic phase plays the dominant role through its adhesive/cohesive and viscoelastic properties. Under actual combined loading patterns, any coordinate direction may experience different stress modes; therefore, the mechanical behavior is not the same in the different directions and the asphalt specimen behaves as an anisotropic material. The present study developed an anisotropic nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive relationship that is sensitive to the tension/compression stress mode by extending Schapery's nonlinear viscoelastic model. The proposed constitutive relationship was implemented in Abaqus using a user material (UMAT) subroutine in an implicit scheme. Uniaxial compression and indirect tension (IDT) testing were used to characterize the viscoelastic properties of the bituminous materials and to calibrate and validate the proposed constitutive relationship. Compressive and tensile creep compliances were calculated using uniaxial compression, as well as IDT test results, for different creep-recovery loading patterns at intermediate temperature. The results showed that both tensile creep compliance and its rate were greater than those of compression. The calculated deflections based on these IDT test simulations were compared with experimental measurements and were deemed acceptable. This suggests that the proposed viscoelastic constitutive relationship correctly demonstrates the viscoelastic response and is more accurate for analysis of asphalt concrete in the laboratory or in situ.

STRATEGI MASJID DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI UMAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sukarno L . Hasyim

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Islam is a perfect religion which the teachings include and take care the problems of human life. The teachings of Islam regulate the human behavior, both regard as God's creatures as well as fellow beings, in terms of Usul Fiqh or Fiqh called the Sharia. the issues related to economic problems has been set in Islam. Islam applied the economic system by using of moral and law together for uphold the building a system that practical. Economic according to Islam is a set of common economic fundamentals are inferred from the Qur'an and Sunnah, and a building which built on the foundations of according to each environment and period. Islamic rules about the economy including the rules of perfect and complete. Therefore, the application of the Islamic economic system in economic structure of community most likely will bring more to welfare and benefit of society itself. One of them is the economic empowerment of sharia through the mosques. The mosque is the smallest base closest to the Muslim community. Apart as the center of worship, Mosque can also serve as a medium of religious social development in economy to raise the welfare of people. For example, around the mosque can be used as sharia cooperative development center that recently received positive reception among the public. The goal is nothing else to fulfill the spiritual and material welfare of the pilgrims in order to create welfare in this world and hereafter.

A sectionwise defined model for the material description of 100Cr6 in the thixotropic state

Science.gov (United States)

Behrens, B.-A.; Chugreev, A.; Hootak, M.

2018-05-01

A sectionwise defined material model has been developed for the numerical description of thixoforming processes. It consists of two sections. The first one describes the material behaviour below the solidus temperature and comprises an approach from structure mechanics, whereas the second section model describes the thixotropic behaviour above the solidus temperature based on the Ostwald-de Waele power law. The material model has been implemented in a commercial FE software Simufact Forming by means of user-defined subroutines. Numerical and experimental investigations of special upsetting tests have been designed and carried out with Armco iron-coated specimens. Finally, the model parameters were fitted by reverse engineering.

Remodeling of the Mandibular Bone Induced by Overdentures Supported by Different Numbers of Implants.

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Kai; Xin, Haitao; Zhao, Yanfang; Zhang, Zhiyuan; Wu, Yulu

2016-05-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the process of mandibular bone remodeling induced by implant-supported overdentures. computed tomography (CT) images were collected from edentulous patients to reconstruct the geometry of the mandibular bone and overdentures supported by implants. Based on the theory of strain energy density (SED), bone remodeling models were established using the user material subroutine (UMAT) in abaqus. The stress distribution in the mandible and bone density change was investigated to determine the effect of implant number on the remodeling of the mandibular bone. The results indicated that the areas where high Mises stress values were observed were mainly situated around the implants. The stress was concentrated in the distal neck region of the distal-most implants. With an increased number of implants, the biting force applied on the dentures was almost all taken up by implants. The stress and bone density in peri-implant bone increased. When the stress reached the threshold of remodeling, the bone density began to decrease. In the posterior mandible area, the stress was well distributed but increased with decreased implant numbers. Changes in bone density were not observed in this area. The computational results were consistent with the clinical data. The results demonstrate that the risk of bone resorption around the distal-most implants increases with increased numbers of implants and that the occlusal force applied to overdentures should be adjusted to be distributed more in the distal areas of the mandible.

Design and Optimization of a Composite Canard Control Surface of an Advanced Fighter Aircraft under Static Loading

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shrivastava Sachin

2015-01-01

Full Text Available The minimization of weight and maximization of payload is an ever challenging design procedure for air vehicles. The present study has been carried out with an objective to redesign control surface of an advanced all-metallic fighter aircraft. In this study, the structure made up of high strength aluminum, titanium and ferrous alloys has been attempted to replace by carbon fiber composite (CFC skin, ribs and stiffeners. This study presents an approach towards development of a methodology for optimization of first-ply failure index (FI in unidirectional fibrous laminates using Genetic-Algorithms (GA under quasi-static loading. The GAs, by the application of its operators like reproduction, cross-over, mutation and elitist strategy, optimize the ply-orientations in laminates so as to have minimum FI of Tsai-Wu first-ply failure criterion. The GA optimization procedure has been implemented in MATLAB and interfaced with commercial software ABAQUS using python scripting. FI calculations have been carried out in ABAQUS with user material subroutine (UMAT. The GA's application gave reasonably well-optimized ply-orientations combination at a faster convergence rate. However, the final optimized sequence of ply-orientations is obtained by tweaking the sequences given by GA's based on industrial practices and experience, whenever needed. The present study of conversion of an all metallic structure to partial CFC structure has led to 12% of weight reduction. Therefore, the approach proposed here motivates designer to use CFC with a confidence.

Evaluation of combined hardening parameters for type 304LN stainless steel under strain-controlled cyclic loading

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumar, Abhishek; Vishnuvardhan, S.; Raghava, G.

2016-01-01

Low cycle fatigue (LCF) is the primary degradation mechanism affecting coolant piping of pressurized water reactor (PWR) caused by combination of pressure and transient mechanical or thermal loads. In the case of LCF, stresses are high enough for plastic deformation to occur and the fatigue life is correlated with the cyclic plastic strain. Modelling cyclic plastic deformation of a material requires hardening parameters, which have to be obtained from LCF test results. It is customary in low cycle fatigue tests that the strain ranges are kept constant and the stresses are allowed to vary which typically leads to a hysteresis loop that consists of linear and nonlinear parts. In this paper, numerical studies on mechanical behaviour of Type 304LN stainless steel under fully reversed strain-controlled cyclic loading have been carried out. A linear combination of the two hardening types, isotropic and kinematic, governed by a scalar parameter, β (0 ≤β ≤ 1) is used. A value of β=1 indicates a pure isotropic hardening while a value of β=0 indicates pure kinematic hardening. The details of the combined isotropic-kinematic hardening model are also presented. Constitutive relations for the classical von Mises theory along with a bilinear hardening theory have been used. The model is implemented in finite element software ABAQUS using a user subroutine written in FORTRAN, UMAT. An iterative method is adopted to arrive at the model's hardening parameters and the value of β. (author)

ISLAM DAN KEBUDAYAAN MELAYU DI ERA GLOBALISASI DI MALAYSIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baharuddin bin H. Puteh Mohamad Nazli bin H. Omar

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Sejarah telah menunjukkan bahwa dunia Melayu-Islam merupakan pusat peradaban, pusat perkembangan budaya dan pusat perdagangan yang penting. Kebudayaan Melayu-Islam sejak ratusan tahun telah memperlihatkan kemampuannya untuk berkembang pesat merangkumi bahasa, kesusasteraan, kesenian, pemikiran, dan norma hidup. memang tidak dapat dinafikan bahwa fenomena globalisasi memberikan pengaruh kepada kehidupan umat Melayu-Islam. Namun, pengaruhnya lebih cenderung kepada negatif berbanding positif. Cuma ia bergantung kepada umat Islam untuk mendepaninya dengan berpegang kepada ajaran Islam yang sebenar dengan berpaksikan kepada al-Qur'an dan al-Hadits. Pegangan yang kukuh dan utuh terhadap dua sumber perundangan ini mampu menyelamatkan umat manusia khususnya umat Islam daripada terjerumus ke dalam kemungkaran yang tjidak dituntut dalam syariat Islam

SCDAP/RELAP5/MOD 3.1 code manual: MATPRO, A library of materials properties for Light-Water-Reactor accident analysis. Volume 4

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hagrman, D.T.

1995-06-01

The SCDAP/RELAP5 code has been developed for best estimate transient simulation of light -- water-reactor coolant systems during a severe accident. The code models the coupled behavior of the reactor coolant system, the core, fission products released during a severe accident transient as well as large and small break loss of coolant accidents, operational transients such as anticipated transient without SCRAM, loss of offsite power, loss of feedwater, and loss of flow. A generic modeling approach is used that permits as much of a particular system to be modeled as necessary. Control system and secondary system components are included to permit modeling of plant controls, turbines, condensers, and secondary feedwater conditioning systems. This volume, Volume IV, describes the material properties correlations and computer subroutines (MATPRO) used by SCDAP/RELAP5. formulation of the materials properties are generally semi-empirical in nature. The materials property subroutines contained in this document are for uranium, uranium dioxide, mixed uranium-plutonium dioxide fuel, zircaloy cladding, zirconium dioxide, stainless steel, stainless steel oxide, silver-indium-cadmium alloy, cadmium, boron carbide, Inconel 718, zirconium-uranium-oxygen melts, fill gas mixtures, carbon steel, and tungsten. This document also contains descriptions of the reaction and solution rate models needed to analyze a reactor accident

Application of the Single Hardening Model in the Finite Element Program ABAQUS

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jakobsen, Kim Parsberg

model, developed by Lade and Kim (Kim & Lade 1988, Lade & Kim 1988a, Lade & Kim 1988b) is implemented as a user defined material module, UMAT, in the commercial finite element program, ABAQUS. The advantages of the Single Hardening Model Iie in its ability to predict elastic and plastic displacements...

Landasan Fikih dan Syariat Kalender Hijriah Global

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhamad Rofiq Muzakkir

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Setiap tahun umat Islam di seluruh dunia cenderung dihadapkan pada perdebatan tentang permulaan puasa dan hari raya, baik idul fitri maupun idul adha. Banyak ilmuwan yang meyakini bahwa problem tersebut terjadi karena mayoritas umat Islam masih bersikukuh menggunakan rukyah faktual, daripada menggunakan hisab atau perhitungan astronomi. Sungguh ironi, ketika kini manusia dapat melakukan penghitungan posisi bulan dan matahari secara cermat untuk ratusan tahun ke depan, tetapi karena landasan interpretasi keagamaan yang konvensional, sebagian umat masih harus mengarahkan pandangan ke arah langit, mencari-cari agar bisa melihat bulan. Kontribusi ilmiah dalam menunjang peribadatan terhalang oleh interpretasi literal klasik.

ELBERETH. A subroutine library for graphic representation from J. E. N. Fusion Division; ELBERETH. Libreria de subrutinas para representacion grafica de la Division de Fusion de la JEN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Guasp, J

1981-07-01

A library for graphic representation, named ELBERETH, has been built, all the subroutines have been written in FORTRAN-V for the UN IVAC-1100/80 computers from JEN and are able to produce drawing on the CALCOMP-936 plotter, as well as with the printers and on the UTS-400 terminal screen. The library can yield two or three-dimensional plots as rail as level lines, all of them under free format or in several standard ones either. It allows to be used on a simplified way by direct reading from a file. It has been constructed too with a flexible structure to allow forth coming extensions. (Author) 4 refs.

GOLIA-RK, Structure Stress for Isotropic Materials with Creep and Temperature Fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Donea, J.; Giuliani, S.

1976-01-01

1 - Nature of the physical problem solved: Stress analysis of complex structures in presence of creep, dimensional changes and thermal field. Plane stress, plane strain, generalized plane strain and axisymmetric problems can be solved. The material is assumed to be either isotropic or transversely isotropic. Any laws of material behaviour can easily be incorporated by the user (see subroutines WIGNER and CLAW). 2 - Method of solution: Finite element method using triangular elements with linear local fields. The equations for the displacements are solved by Choleski's method. An algorithm is incorporated to calculate automatically the successive time steps in a creep problem. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: Maximum number of elements is 700. Maximum number of nodal points is 400. The indexes of two adjacent nodes are not permitted to differ by more than 19

Hyperprolactinaemia as a result of immaturity or regression: the concept of maternal subroutine. A new model of psychoendocrine interactions.

Science.gov (United States)

Sobrinho, L G; Almeida-Costa, J M

1992-01-01

Pathological hyperprolactinaemia (PH) is significantly associated with: (1) paternal deprivation during childhood, (2) depression, (3) non-specific symptoms including obesity and weight gain. The clinical onset of the symptoms often follows pregnancy or a loss. Prolactin is an insulin antagonist which does not promote weight gain. Hyperprolactinaemia and increased metabolic efficiency are parts of a system of interdependent behavioural and metabolic mechanisms necessary for the care of the young. We call this system, which is available as a whole package, maternal subroutine (MS). An important number of cases of PH are due to activation of the MS that is not induced by pregnancy. The same occurs in surrogate maternity and in some animal models. Most women with PH developed a malignant symbiotic relationship with their mothers in the setting of absence, alcoholism or devaluation of the father. These women may regress to early developmental stages to the point that they identify themselves both with their lactating mother and with the nursing infant as has been found in psychoanalysed patients and in the paradigmatic condition of pseudopregnancy. Such regression can be associated with activation of the MS. Prolactinomas represent the extreme of the spectrum of PH and may result from somatic mutations occurring in hyperstimulated lactotrophs.

Numerical Material Model for Composite Laminates in High-Velocity Impact Simulation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tao Liu

Full Text Available Abstract A numerical material model for composite laminate, was developed and integrated into the nonlinear dynamic explicit finite element programs as a material user subroutine. This model coupling nonlinear state of equation (EOS, was a macro-mechanics model, which was used to simulate the major mechanical behaviors of composite laminate under high-velocity impact conditions. The basic theoretical framework of the developed material model was introduced. An inverse flyer plate simulation was conducted, which demonstrated the advantage of the developed model in characterizing the nonlinear shock response. The developed model and its implementation were validated through a classic ballistic impact issue, i.e. projectile impacting on Kevlar29/Phenolic laminate. The failure modes and ballistic limit velocity were analyzed, and a good agreement was achieved when comparing with the analytical and experimental results. The computational capacity of this model, for Kevlar/Epoxy laminates with different architectures, i.e. plain-woven and cross-plied laminates, was further evaluated and the residual velocity curves and damage cone were accurately predicted.

Estimation of toroidal field coil stresses from magnetic loads in FER and NET using analytic methods and improved computer subroutine for TFC stress estimation in TRESCODE

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Riemer, B.W.; Miki, Nobuharu; Hashizume, Takashi.

1988-06-01

This report describes the comparison of TF coil stresses in NET and FER. The analyses focus on the straight part of the inner legs, since it is this part of the coil which most directly influences the radial build of the machine. NET's TF coils are wedged together and the centering force on each of the coils is reacted by toroidal compression of the inner legs. The forces that act out of the plane of each coil are reacted by friction between adjacent inner legs such that the set of legs behave much like a cylinder under torsion. In contrast, the FER device employs a bucking cylinder to react the centering load, which incurs a penalty in radial thickness, and the out of plane forces are reacted by the use of shear keys between adjacent inner legs. Analytic techniques or ''hand methods'' have been used to estimate and compare the strains and stresses at the inner leg mid-plane section resulting from both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic forces. Such techniques forced a more thorough understanding of the structural behavior of the coils. The amount of effort in analyzing the NET coil is greater than for FER as the reaction of centering load in its wedged design is more complex, and because it was found that friction plays a very important part in determining the coil stresses. The FER coil is simpler in this regard, and a ''hand estimation'' of its coil stresses was straightfoward. In this report, the program written to perform these analyses is also described. It was desired to provide new capabilities to the original TF stress subroutine in TRESCODE and to review and improve it where possible. This has been accomplished, and subroutines are now available for use in JAERI's system code, TRESCODE. It is hoped that the inner leg radial thickness can be better optimized by using the program. (author)

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

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by an emblem and a flag as a creditable sovereign institution. On 25th July, 2009 UMaT introduced its first ceremo- nial mace to be experienced at its first's congregation. This paper brings to the fore the concepts and philosophical dimensions of the emblem, flag and ceremonial mace as unique symbols of UMaT's erudition, ...

Sensitivity of polycrystal plasticity to slip system kinematic hardening laws for Al 7075-T6

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hennessey, Conor; Castelluccio, Gustavo M.; McDowell, David L.

2017-01-01

The prediction of formation and early growth of microstructurally small fatigue cracks requires use of constitutive models that accurately estimate local states of stress, strain, and cyclic plastic strain. However, few research efforts have attempted to systematically consider the sensitivity of overall cyclic stress-strain hysteresis and higher order mean stress relaxation and plastic strain ratcheting responses introduced by the slip system back-stress formulation in crystal plasticity, even for face centered cubic (FCC) crystal systems. This paper explores the performance of two slip system level kinematic hardening models using a finite element crystal plasticity implementation as a User Material Subroutine (UMAT) within ABAQUS, with fully implicit numerical integration. The two kinematic hardening formulations aim to reproduce the cyclic deformation of polycrystalline Al 7075-T6 in terms of both macroscopic cyclic stress-strain hysteresis loop shape, as well as ratcheting and mean stress relaxation under strain- or stress-controlled loading with mean strain or stress, respectively. The first formulation is an Armstrong-Frederick type hardening-dynamic recovery law for evolution of the back stress. This approach is capable of reproducing observed deformation under completely reversed uniaxial loading conditions, but overpredicts the rate of cyclic ratcheting and associated mean stress relaxation. The second formulation corresponds to a multiple back stress Ohno-Wang type hardening law with nonlinear dynamic recovery. The adoption of this back stress evolution law greatly improves the capability to model experimental results for polycrystalline specimens subjected to cycling with mean stress or strain. As a result, the relation of such nonlinear dynamic recovery effects are related to slip system interactions with dislocation substructures.

Masjid sebagai Agen Baznas: Analisa Potensi SDM Ta’mir Masjid di Kabupaten Jepara

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Husni Arafat

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Ajaran Islam yang mewajibkan umatnya untuk mengeluarkan zakat memberikan potensi yang sangat besar bahkan mampu menjadikan umat Islam sebagai umat yang sangat mulia dan sejahtera, namun kenyataannya peranan dan fungsi zakat belum mampu menghantarkan umat islam menjadi umat yang sejahtera. Potensi zakat nasional sebanyak 217 trilyun dan hingga saat ini belum mampu tercapai. Salah satu faktor karena keterbatasan lembaga penyalur zakat sehingga  penyaluran zakat belum begitu mudah diakses oleh para muzakki. Disatu sisi, keberadaan masjid yang tersebar diseluruh lingkungan masyarakat mampu menjawab atas belum tercapainya jumlah potensi penerimaan zakat dengan menjadikan masjid sebagai agen badan zakat nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi sumber daya manusia (SDM dan kesanggupan sebagai agen penerimaan zakat oleh ta’mir masjid di Kabupaten Jepara. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan survei, kuesioner dan interview mendalam(indepth interview. Hasil penelitian ini takmir masjid mayoritas bersedia menjadi agen Baznas dalam menerima zakat maal namun memerlukan pembekalan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan standarisasi pengelolaan zakat, baik secara manual maupun secara on-line real time. Selain itu, sosialisasi kepada seluruh lapisan masyarakat terutama mereka yang sudah berkewajiban mengeluarkan zakat maal untuk disalurkan kepada organisasi pengelola zakat terdekat (masjid.

Modeling of Heat Transfer and Ablation of Refractory Material Due to Rocket Plume Impingement

Science.gov (United States)

Harris, Michael F.; Vu, Bruce T.

2012-01-01

CR Tech's Thermal Desktop-SINDA/FLUINT software was used in the thermal analysis of a flame deflector design for Launch Complex 39B at Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The analysis of the flame deflector takes into account heat transfer due to plume impingement from expected vehicles to be launched at KSC. The heat flux from the plume was computed using computational fluid dynamics provided by Ames Research Center in Moffet Field, California. The results from the CFD solutions were mapped onto a 3-D Thermal Desktop model of the flame deflector using the boundary condition mapping capabilities in Thermal Desktop. The ablation subroutine in SINDA/FLUINT was then used to model the ablation of the refractory material.

Shaping the future medical workforce: take care with selection tools.

Science.gov (United States)

Poole, Phillippa; Shulruf, Boaz

2013-12-01

Medical school selection is a first step in developing a general practice workforce. To determine the relationship between medical school selection scores and intention to pursue a career in general practice. A longitudinal cohort study of students selected in 2006 and 2007 for The University of Auckland medical programme, who completed an exit survey on career intentions. Students are ranked for selection into year 2 of a six-year programme by combining grade point average from prior university achievement (60%), interview (25%) and Undergraduate Medicine and Health Sciences Admission Test (UMAT) scores (15%). The main outcome measure was level of interest in general practice at exit. Logistic regression assessed whether any demographic variables or admission scores predicted a 'strong' interest in general practice. None of interview scores, grade point average, age, gender, or entry pathway predicted a 'strong' interest in general practice. Only UMAT scores differentiated between those with a 'strong' interest versus those with 'some' or 'no' interest, but in an inverse fashion. The best predictor of a 'strong' interest in general practice was a low UMAT score of between 45 and 55 on all three UMAT sections (OR 3.37, p=0.020). Yet, the academic scores at entry of students with these UMAT scores were not lower than those of their classmates. Setting inappropriately high cut-points for medical school selection may exclude applicants with a propensity for general practice. These findings support the use of a wider lens through which to view medical school selection tools.

Finite element method for viscoelastic medium with damage and the application to structural analysis of solid rocket motor grain

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Bin; Shen, ZhiBin; Duan, JingBo; Tang, GuoJin

2014-05-01

This paper studies the damage-viscoelastic behavior of composite solid propellants of solid rocket motors (SRM). Based on viscoelastic theories and strain equivalent hypothesis in damage mechanics, a three-dimensional (3-D) nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model incorporating with damage is developed. The resulting viscoelastic constitutive equations are numerically discretized by integration algorithm, and a stress-updating method is presented by solving nonlinear equations according to the Newton-Raphson method. A material subroutine of stress-updating is made up and embedded into commercial code of Abaqus. The material subroutine is validated through typical examples. Our results indicate that the finite element results are in good agreement with the analytical ones and have high accuracy, and the suggested method and designed subroutine are efficient and can be further applied to damage-coupling structural analysis of practical SRM grain.

Strategi Membangun Kerukunan Umat Beragama

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamidah Hamidah

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Abstract: The paradigm of freedom and religious tolerance in Islam contains teachings about human equality . On top of this equation can be formed brotherhood and friendship among religious followers in social life based on humanity for the realization of social order together. Therefor of humanity, Islam knows no exclusivism, and of the faith, Islam also does not recognize intolerance. Socially Islamic outline to the nation that is not allowed to argue with the followers of other religions, but in a polite way and ethically, and they can do good and be fair to other religious communities. Expansion of the actual interpretation of religious teachings and empirically with relevance with aspects of socio-economic realities, politics and culture is an effort of socialization and inculturation of religious values in the society and the nation, especially in the construction, so that religion can be played in development. And breadth of insight religion religious teachings will foster attitudes and views are open and inclusive to the problems of social and humanitarian mankind.

INTERAKSI DAN HARMONI UMAT BERAGAMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joko Tri Haryanto

2012-05-01

Masyarakat Singkawang adalah masyarakat yang terdiri atas berbagai kelompok suku bangsa dan agama. Secara historis, masyarakat Singkawang mampu mem­pertahankan harmoni antar agama. Model interaksi sosial yang bersifat asosiatif tampaknya potensial untuk mendukung harmoni di dalam masyarakat. Ber­dasarkan paradigma fungsional-struktural, masyarakat diasumsikan sebagai sistem organik yang memiliki huungan antar bagiannya untuk mempertahankan masyarakat. Interaksi sosial di dalam masyarakat Singkawang dikembangkan melalui interaksi di dalam lingkup keluarga, lingkungan sekitar, aktifitas ekonomi, para pimpinan agama, dan hubungan di dalam lingkup budaya dan tradisi. Meskipun demikian, hubungan antar unsur masyarakat masih kosmopolitan, yang di dalamnya anggota masyarakat kurang aktif dalam mengembangkan harmoni masyarakat.

REVITALISASI FUNGSI MASJID SEBAGAI PUSAT EKONOMI DAN DAKWAH MULTIKULTURAL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dalmeri Dalmeri

2014-12-01

Artikel ini berupaya menganalisis bahwa fungsi masjid bukan hanya sebatas pusat kegiatan ibadah, tetapi juga sebagai pusat dakwah dan aktivitas sosial maupun ekonomi umat Islam. Orientasi dakwah yang lebih mengedepankan perbaikan kualitas keimanan individual telah mengabaikan satu dimensi penting dalam dakwah yaitu pengembangan dan pemberdayaan umat Islam secara menyeluruh. Melalui pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif dengan proses penggalian data melalui observasi dan wawancara, dapat ditemukan bahwa komunitas yang diberdayakan tidak dipandang sebagai komunitas yang menjadi objek pasif penerima pelayanan, melainkan sebuah komunitas yang memiliki beragam potensi dan kemampuan yang dapat diberdayakan. Kegiatan pemberdayaan komunitas umat Islam dapat dilakukan melalui pendampingan dengan mem­berikan motivasi, meningkatkan kesadaran, membina aspek pengetahuan dan sikap meningkatkan kemampuan, memobilisasi sumber produktif dan me­ngembangkan kegiatan ekonomi maupun aktivitas dakwah.

Game Edukasi Banten Pejati Pada Smartphone Berbasis Android

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ida Ayu Wahyu Kumara Putri

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Game Edukasi Banten Pejati merupakan suatu game edukasi yang dibuat untuk memperkenalkan Banten Pejati pada umat Hindu, khususnya anak-anak. Game Banten Pejati menampilkan berbagai macam banten sebagai penyusun Banten Pejati yang digunakan pada setiap pelaksanaan upacara keagamaan oleh umat Hindu. Banten merupakan sarane persembahan Umat Hindu, Banten Pejati merupakan banten pokok dalam suatu upacara keagamaan sebagai simbol kesungguhan. Game Edukasi Banten Pejati berbasis mobile android dibuat dengan menggunakan aplikasi Corona SDK. Data hasil kuesioner menyatakan 63.33 persen responden dengan rentang usia 10 hingga 22 tahun menyatakan bahwa Game Edukasi Banten Pejati memiliki grafis visual yang baik dan 70 persen responden menyatakan Game Banten Pejati baik digunakan sebagai media hiburan dan media pembelajaran.   Kata Kunci: Game edukasi, Banten Pejati, Android, Corona SDK, Lua

A Simulation Model for Tensile Fracture Procedure Analysis of Graphite Material based on Damage Evolution

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhao Erqiang; Ma Shaopeng; Wang Hongtao

2014-01-01

Graphite material is generally easy to be damaged by the widely distributed micro-cracks when subjects to load. For numerically analyzing of the structure made of graphite material, the influences of the degradation of the material in damaged areas need to be considered. In this paper, an axial tension test method is proposed to obtain the dynamic damage evolution rule of the material. Using the degradation rule (variation of elastic modulus), the finite element model is then constructed to analyze the tensile fracture process of the L-shaped graphite specimen. An axial tension test of graphite is performed to obtain the stress-strain curve. Based on the variation of the measured curve, the damage evolution rule of the material are fitted out. A simulation model based on the above measured results is then constructed on ABAQUS by user subroutine. Using this simulation model, the tension failure process of L-shaped graphite specimen with fillet are simulated. The calculated and experimental results on fracture load are in good agreement. The damage simulation model based on the stress-strain curve of axial tensile test can be used in other tensile fracture analysis. (author)

Al-quran dalam Perspektif Budaya

OpenAIRE

Sudrajat, Ajat

2009-01-01

Al-Quran merupakan kitab suci terakhir yang diturunkan kepada manusia. Tujuan utama diturunkannya al-Quran adalah sebagai kitab petunjuk yang meliputi bidang akidah, syariah, dan akhlak. Akan tetapi di luar ketiga petunjuk tersebut, al-Quran telah memberikan motivasi dan inspirasi kepada umat Islam dalam berbagai bidang kehidupan sehingga melahirkan jenis budaya tertentu. Dialog intelektual yang dilakukan secara kreatif oleh umat Islam terhadap al-Quran ternyata telah menghasilkan lahirnya ge...

AMDLIBAE, IBM 360 Subroutine Library, Special Function, Polynomials, Differential Equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, Jesse Y.

1980-01-01

Description of problem or function: AMDLIBAE is a subset of the IBM 360 Subroutine Library at the Applied Mathematics Division at Argonne National Laboratory. This subset includes library categories A-E: Identification/Description: A152S A MPA: Mult. prec. floating point arith. package; B156S A ARSIN: Arcsine, arccosine; B158S A DSIN/DCOS: DP sine, cosine; B159S A DTAN/DCOT: DP tangent, cotangent; B252S A SINH/COSH: Hyperbolic sine, cosine; B353S A ALOG: SP logarithm; B354S A DEXP: DP exponential; B355S A DLOG: DP logarithm; B456S A DCUBRT: DP cube root; B457S A ARGPOWER: X Y ; B458S A ARGFDXPD: DP X Y ; C150S F DQD: Q. D. algorithm applied to a power series; C151S F DCONF1: Eval. cont. fract. Q. D. of power series; C250S F CUBIC: Roots of cubic polynomial equation; C251S F QUARTIC: Roots of quartic polynomial equation; C252S F RSSR: All roots of poly eqs. with real coef.; C253S F POLDRV: Driver for C254S; C254S F CPOLY: Roots arb. poly. Jenkins-Traub algorithm; C353S F1 CLEBSH: Ang. mom. coef. - Clebsch, Racah, Wigner; C365S A ALGAMA: Logarithm of the gamma function; C366S A DGAMMA/DLGAMA: DP gamma and log(gamma) functions; C368S F EONE: Exponential integral E1; C370S F BESJY: Bessel functions J and Y; C371S F BESIK: Bessel functions I and K; C372S F CHIPRB: Chi-square integral; C380S F DRZETA: Long precision zeta, zeta-1 functions; C382S F DCGAM: Long precision complex gamma; C383S A DERF/DERFC: DP error function; C384S F BFJ1: Bessel function J1; C385S F COULMB: Regular Coulomb wave functions; C386S F1 DSGMAL: Coulomb phase shift; C387S F BFJYR: Bessel functions J0,J1,Y0,Y1; C388S F IRCOUL: LP irregular Coulomb wave functions; C389S F GAMIN: Incomplete gamma function; C390S F LQ: Assoc. Legendre functions of 2. kind; C392S A DAERF: Inverse error function; C393S F CDEONE: Modified complex exponential integral; D153S F DROMB: Two-dimensional Romberg quadrature; D153S P DROMBP: Two-dimensional Romberg quadrature; D158S F ANC4: Adap. quad. using 4. order Newton

Simulation of the irradiation-induced thermo-mechanical behaviors evolution in monolithic U–Mo/Zr fuel plates under a heterogeneous irradiation condition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhao, Yunmei; Gong, Xin; Ding, Shurong, E-mail: dsr1971@163.com

2015-04-15

Highlights: • The three-dimensional stress update algorithms in a co-rotational framework are developed for U–Mo and Zircalloy with the irradiation effects. • An effective method for three-dimensional modeling of the in-pile behaviors in heterogeneously irradiated monolithic fuel plates is established and validated. • The effects of the fission-induced creep effects in the U–Mo foil are investigated in detail. • A deformation phenomenon similar to the irradiation experimental results is obtained. - Abstract: For monolithic fuel plates with U–Mo foil and Zircalloy cladding, the three-dimensional large deformation incremental constitutive relations and stress update algorithms in the co-rotational coordinate framework are developed for the fuel and cladding with their respective irradiation effects involved. Three-dimensional finite element simulation of their in-pile thermo-mechanical coupling behaviors under a location-dependent irradiation condition is implemented via the validated user-defined subroutines UMATHT and UMAT in ABAQUS. Comparison of the simulation results for two cases with or without creep considered in the U–Mo foil indicates that with the irradiation creep included (1) considerable stress-relaxation appears in the U–Mo foil, and the mechanical interaction between fuel and cladding is weakened; (2) approximately identical thickness increments in the plate and fuel foil exist and become comparably larger; (3) plastic deformation in the cladding is significantly diminished.

Explosives Instrumentation Group Trial 6/77-Propellant Fire Trials (Series Two).

Science.gov (United States)

1981-10-01

frames/s. A 19 mm Sony U-Matic video cassette recorder (VCR) and camera were used to view the hearth from a tower 100 m from ground-zero (GZ). Normal...camera started. This procedure permitted increased recording time of the event. A 19 mm Sony U-Matic VCR and camera was used to view the container...Lumpur, Malaysia Exchange Section, British Library, U.K. Periodicals Recording Section, Science Reference Library, British Library, U.K. Library, Chemical

Stochastic-Strength-Based Damage Simulation Tool for Ceramic Matrix Composite

Science.gov (United States)

Nemeth, Noel; Bednarcyk, Brett; Pineda, Evan; Arnold, Steven; Mital, Subodh; Murthy, Pappu

2015-01-01

Reported here is a coupling of two NASA developed codes: CARES (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures) with the MAC/GMC (Micromechanics Analysis Code/ Generalized Method of Cells) composite material analysis code. The resulting code is called FEAMAC/CARES and is constructed as an Abaqus finite element analysis UMAT (user defined material). Here we describe the FEAMAC/CARES code and an example problem (taken from the open literature) of a laminated CMC in off-axis loading is shown. FEAMAC/CARES performs stochastic-strength-based damage simulation response of a CMC under multiaxial loading using elastic stiffness reduction of the failed elements.

FEAMAC/CARES Stochastic-Strength-Based Damage Simulation Tool for Ceramic Matrix Composites

Science.gov (United States)

Nemeth, Noel; Bednarcyk, Brett; Pineda, Evan; Arnold, Steven; Mital, Subodh; Murthy, Pappu; Bhatt, Ramakrishna

2016-01-01

Reported here is a coupling of two NASA developed codes: CARES (Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures) with the MAC/GMC (Micromechanics Analysis Code/ Generalized Method of Cells) composite material analysis code. The resulting code is called FEAMAC/CARES and is constructed as an Abaqus finite element analysis UMAT (user defined material). Here we describe the FEAMAC/CARES code and an example problem (taken from the open literature) of a laminated CMC in off-axis loading is shown. FEAMAC/CARES performs stochastic-strength-based damage simulation response of a CMC under multiaxial loading using elastic stiffness reduction of the failed elements.

KONSEPSI AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS TENTANG OPERASIONAL BANK SYARIAH

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Ardy Zaini

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Islam hadir dengan beberapa tujuan, diantaranya adalah terciptanya khoirul ummah dan rahmatan lil’alamin dengan al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits sebagai penuntun umat Islam demi tercapainya tujuan tersebut. Sebagai pedoman hidup, al-Qur’an dan al-Hadits memberikan berbagai petunjuk tentang keteraturan dan permasalahan hidup, termasuk didalamnya mengenai perbankan yang telah memenuhi hampir separuh sisi-sisi kehidupan manusia. Untuk memaksimal ajaran syariah secara kaffah, maka nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam al-Quran harus mampu diturunkan pada tataran praktis. Salah satu usaha dan langkah dalam rangka menemukan formula perbankan masa depan, al-Quran dan Hadits memiliki konsepsi dalam kegiatan operasional Bank Syariah. Hal ini dilakukan untuk membentuk sikap mental atau watak yang terjabarkan dalam pola berpikir, cara berbicara, dan etika bertingkah laku, sebagai ekspresi jiwa dari manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Allah Swt. Agar umat Islam mampu menjadi umat yang unggul (khayr ummah.

Multiplicity Analysis during Photon Interrogation of Fissionable Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clarke, Shaun D.; Pozzi, Sara A.; Padovani, Enrico; Downar, Thomas J.

2007-01-01

Simulation of multiplicity distributions with the Monte Carlo method is difficult because each history is treated individually. In order to accurately model the multiplicity distribution, the intensity and time width of the interrogation pulse must be incorporated into the calculation. This behavior dictates how many photons arrive at the target essentially simultaneously. In order to model the pulse width correctly, a Monte Carlo code system consisting of modified versions of the codes MCNPX and MCNP-PoliMi has been developed in conjunction with a post-processing algorithm to operate on the MCNP-PoliMi output file. The purpose of this subroutine is to assemble the interactions into groups corresponding to the number of interactions which would occur during a given pulse. The resulting multiplicity distributions appear more realistic and capture the higher-order multiplets which are a product of multiple reactions occurring during a single accelerator pulse. Plans are underway to gather relevant experimental data to verify and validate the methodology developed and presented here. This capability will enable the simulation of a large number of materials and detector geometries. Analysis of this information will determine the feasibility of using multiplicity distributions as an identification tool for special nuclear material.

Application of a model of plastic porous materials including void shape effects to the prediction of ductile failure under shear-dominated loadings

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Morin, Léo; Leblond, Jean Baptiste; Tvergaard, Viggo

2016-01-01

, a numerical implementation of the model is proposed and incorporated into the SYSTUS® and ABAQUS® finite element programmes (through some freely available UMAT (Leblond, 2015) in the second case). Second, the implementation in SYSTUS® is used to simulate previous "numerical experiments" of Tvergaard...... and coworkers (Tvergaard, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2015a; Dahl et al., 2012; Nielsen et al., 2012) involving the shear loading of elementary porous cells, where softening due to changes of the void shape and orientation was very apparent. It is found that with a simple, heuristic modelling of the phenomenon...

Thermo-mechanical Modelling of Pebble Beds in Fusion Blankets and its Implementation by a Return-Mapping Algorithm

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gan, Yixiang; Kamlah, Marc

2008-01-01

In this investigation, a thermo-mechanical model of pebble beds is adopted and developed based on experiments by Dr. Reimann at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe (FZK). The framework of the present material model is composed of a non-linear elastic law, the Drucker-Prager-Cap theory, and a modified creep law. Furthermore, the volumetric inelastic strain dependent thermal conductivity of beryllium pebble beds is taken into account and full thermo-mechanical coupling is considered. Investigation showed that the Drucker-Prager-Cap model implemented in ABAQUS can not fulfill the requirements of both the prediction of large creep strains and the hardening behaviour caused by creep, which are of importance with respect to the application of pebble beds in fusion blankets. Therefore, UMAT (user defined material's mechanical behaviour) and UMATHT (user defined material's thermal behaviour) routines are used to re-implement the present thermo-mechanical model in ABAQUS. An elastic predictor radial return mapping algorithm is used to solve the non-associated plasticity iteratively, and a proper tangent stiffness matrix is obtained for cost-efficiency in the calculation. An explicit creep mechanism is adopted for the prediction of time-dependent behaviour in order to represent large creep strains in high temperature. Finally, the thermo-mechanical interactions are implemented in a UMATHT routine for the coupled analysis. The oedometric compression tests and creep tests of pebble beds at different temperatures are simulated with the help of the present UMAT and UMATHT routines, and the comparison between the simulation and the experiments is made. (authors)

DISTRIBUSI ZAKAT DAN PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI UMAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mubasirun Mubasirun

2013-12-01

zakat fitrah. This is derived from the assumption that most Moslem give ZIS Rp.1 million each year. The purpose of this research is informing the meaning of zakat as recited in Surah Attaubah verse 60, how the zakat was distributed and observing the effectiveness of zakat in the relation with economic empowerment. Techniques in analyzing the data were domain, taxonomy, components and theme analysis. The finding showed that zakat distribution was dominated by consumption distribution. On the other hands productive distribution was not regards. But it is interesting to be noticed that distribution of zakat funds committed by the institutions of zakat distribution pattern dominated by the cost living in various pattern of their varieties While distribution patterns that rely on productive among the educated (scholars are ignored by board of charity

Asuransi Islami Dan Pembangunan Ekonomi Umat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Iswadi

2015-01-01

Full Text Available This paper discusses the debate jurists of insurance, there are some that allow and prohibit, with various arguments. At the next turn spawned Takaful is a concrete solution to address the issue of people who really need insurance. Islamic insurance does have differences in terms of both form and nature with conventional insurance. There are two types of takaful insurance products, namely family takaful and general takaful. This insurance can also increase or help the economic development of the people, with a range of multiplier effect caused

Gerakan Filantropi Islam di Amerika

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fuad Hasyim

2018-01-01

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan gerakan filantropi Islam di Amerika yang meliputi pembahasan tentang basis kelembagaan filantropi Islam dan kontribusinya terhadap solidaritas dan pemberdayaan umat Islam di Amerika. Penelitian ini adalah kajian literatur dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan pendekatan multidisiplin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan empat basis kelembagaan gerakan filantropi Islam di Amerika; yaitu masjid, lembaga pendidikan, etnis dan aliran atau madzhab pemikiran. Didapatkan pula fakta hubungan signifikan antara eksistensi lembaga filantropi Islam terhadap kebijakan politik pemerintah terkait isu radikalisme yang melekat pada umat Islam di Amerika. Kata Kunci : Amerika, Filantropi, Islam, Muslim

MAPLIB, Thermodynamics Materials Property Generator for FORTRAN Program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schumann, U.; Zimmerer, W. and others

1978-01-01

1 - Nature of physical problem solved: MAPLIB is a program system which is able to incorporate the values of the properties of any material in a form suitable for use in other computer programs. The data are implemented in FORTRAN functions. A utility program is provided to assist in library management. 2 - Method of solution: MAPLIB consists of the following parts: 1) Conventions for the data format. 2) Some integrated data. 3) A data access system (FORTRAN subroutine). 4) An utility program for updating and documentation of the actual library content. The central part is a set of FORTRAN functions, e.g. WL H2O v(t,p) (heat conduction of water vapor as a function of temperature and pressure), which compute the required data and which can be called by the user program. The data content of MAPLIB has been delivered by many persons. There was no systematic evaluation of the material. It is the responsibility of every user to check the data for physical accuracy. MAPLIB only serves as a library system for manipulation and storing of such data. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: a) See responsibility as explained above. b) Up to 1000 data functions could be implemented. c) If too many data functions are included in MAPLIB, the storage requirements become excessive for application in users programs

EMERALD-NORMAL, Routine Radiation Release and Dose for PWR Design Analysis and Operation Analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gillespie, S.G.; Brunot, W.K.

1976-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: EMERALD-NORMAL is designed for the calculation of radiation releases and exposures resulting from normal operation of a large pressurized water reactor. The approach used is similar to an analog simulation of a real system. Each component or volume in the plant which contains a radioactive material is represented by a subroutine which keeps track of the production, transfer, decay, and absorption of radioactivity in that volume. During the course of the analysis, activity is transferred from subroutine to subroutine in the program as it would be transferred from place to place in the plant. Some of this activity is then released to the atmosphere and to the discharge canal. The rates of transfer, leakage, production, cleanup, decay, and release are read as input to the program. Subroutines are also included which calculate the off-site radiation exposures at various distances for individual isotopes and sums of isotopes. The program contains a library of physical data for the forty isotopes of most interest in licensing calculations, and other isotopes can be added or substituted. Because of the flexible nature of the simulation approach, the EMERALD-NORMAL program can be used for most calculations involving the production and release of radioactive material. These include design, operation, and licensing studies. 2 - Method of solution: Explicit solutions of first-order linear differential equations are included. In addition, a subroutine is provided which solves a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: Many parameters and systems included in the program, particularly the radiation waste-treatment system, are unique to the PG and E Diablo Canyon PWR plant. Maxima of: 50 isotopes, 9 distances, 16 angular sectors, 1 operating period, 1 reactor power level

SALE: Safeguards Analytical Laboratory Evaluation computer code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carroll, D.J.; Bush, W.J.; Dolan, C.A.

1976-09-01

The Safeguards Analytical Laboratory Evaluation (SALE) program implements an industry-wide quality control and evaluation system aimed at identifying and reducing analytical chemical measurement errors. Samples of well-characterized materials are distributed to laboratory participants at periodic intervals for determination of uranium or plutonium concentration and isotopic distributions. The results of these determinations are statistically-evaluated, and each participant is informed of the accuracy and precision of his results in a timely manner. The SALE computer code which produces the report is designed to facilitate rapid transmission of this information in order that meaningful quality control will be provided. Various statistical techniques comprise the output of the SALE computer code. Assuming an unbalanced nested design, an analysis of variance is performed in subroutine NEST resulting in a test of significance for time and analyst effects. A trend test is performed in subroutine TREND. Microfilm plots are obtained from subroutine CUMPLT. Within-laboratory standard deviations are calculated in the main program or subroutine VAREST, and between-laboratory standard deviations are calculated in SBLV. Other statistical tests are also performed. Up to 1,500 pieces of data for each nuclear material sampled by 75 (or fewer) laboratories may be analyzed with this code. The input deck necessary to run the program is shown, and input parameters are discussed in detail. Printed output and microfilm plot output are described. Output from a typical SALE run is included as a sample problem

Evaluation of the sheet mechanical response to laser welding processes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carmignani, B.; Daneri, A.; Toselli, G.; Bellei, M.

1995-07-01

The simulation of the mechanical response of steel sheets, due to the heating during welding processes by a laser source beam, obtained by Abaqus standard code, is discussed. Different hypotheses for the material behaviour at temperatures greater than the fusion one have been tested and compared; in particular, some tests have been made taking the annealing effect into account by means of an user routine UMAT developed ad hoc. This work was presented at the 8th international Abaqus Users' conference at Paris, 31 May - 2 June 1995

Large Deformation Plasticity of Polycrystalline Tantalum

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Anand, Lallit

2000-01-01

.... The model reproduces the data of these researchers rather well. The constitutive model has been implemented in the finite element program ABAQUS Explicit by writing a 'user material' subroutine...

“Revitalisasi Madrasah Untuk Menghadapi Tantangan Globalisasi”

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Umi Aisyah

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Madrasah mempunyai misi penting yaitu mempersiapkan generasi muda umat Islam untuk ikut berperan bagi pembangunan umat dan bangsa di masa depan. Madrasah merupakan lembaga pendidikan yang sangat dinamis. Interaksi madrasah dengan globalisasi yang berlangsung secara berkelanjutan dan secara tidak langsung akan berdampak pada pendidikan yang berlangsung di madrasah itu sendiri. Globalisasi tidak hanya membawa dampak positif bagi keberlangsungan madrasah di Indonesia tetapi juga membawa dampak negatif. Untuk itu diperlukan adanya upaya revitalisasi unsur pendidikan yang dimiliki agar menjadi lebih baik, sehingga sasaran dan proses pendidikan yang dilakukan dapat tercapai dan dilangsungkan dengan maksimal.

THE UNMANNED MISSION AVIONICS TEST HELICIOPTER – A FLEXIBLE AND VERSATILE VTOL-UAS EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dr. H.-W. Schulz

2012-09-01

Full Text Available civil customers. These applications cover a wide spectrum from R&D programs for the military customer to special services for the civil customer. This paper focuses on the technical conversion of a commercially available VTOL-UAS to ESG's Unmanned Mission Avionics Test Helicopter (UMAT, its concept and operational capabilities. At the end of the paper, the current integration of a radar sensor is described as an example of the UMATs flexibility. The radar sensor is developed by the Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques (FHR. It is integrated by ESG together with the industrial partner SWISS UAV.

Versatile Micromechanics Model for Multiscale Analysis of Composite Structures

Science.gov (United States)

Kwon, Y. W.; Park, M. S.

2013-08-01

A general-purpose micromechanics model was developed so that the model could be applied to various composite materials such as reinforced by particles, long fibers and short fibers as well as those containing micro voids. Additionally, the model can be used with hierarchical composite materials. The micromechanics model can be used to compute effective material properties like elastic moduli, shear moduli, Poisson's ratios, and coefficients of thermal expansion for the various composite materials. The model can also calculate the strains and stresses at the constituent material level such as fibers, particles, and whiskers from the composite level stresses and strains. The model was implemented into ABAQUS using the UMAT option for multiscale analysis. An extensive set of examples are presented to demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the developed micromechanics model for different kinds of composite materials. Another set of examples is provided to study the multiscale analysis of composite structures.

SLIDES: a program to draw slides and posters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bertrand, R.; Schofield, J.

1977-04-01

SLIDES is a program which takes text and commands as input and prepares lettered slides and posters. When run on the time-sharing computer, the program can display its output on an interactive graphics terminal; in batch, it can direct its graphical output to a variety of plotters. The program uses DISSPLA graphical subroutines and standard ANL plotter subroutines. This report contains material written for the beginning user, who should be able to produce useful slides or posters by following the examples. This report also serves as a complete reference for the SLIDES program. 4 figures.

Verification of design rules for EUROFER under TBM operating conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sunyk, R.; Aktaa, J.

2007-01-01

The aim of the activity presented in this work is, firstly, an evaluation of existing design rules considered for austenitic steels exhibiting cycle-by-cycle hardening, in contrast to the reduced-activation ferritic-martensitic steels (RAFM), which soften under cyclic loading. Secondly, we are aimed in a definition of the range of operating temperatures and loads for the current design of the test blanket module (TBM). Results of cycling tests of the EUROFER 97 have been thereby used to adjust material parameters needed for an ABAQUS-own combined non-linear isotropic-kinematic hardening model. Furthermore, a visco-plastic material model considering material damage and implemented recently as an ABAQUS user material (UMAT) has been also applied for simulations. Some important design rules within the elastic route have been evaluated and their predictions have been compared to results of cyclic simulations using the advanced material models mentioned above

Enhanced Schapery Theory Software Development for Modeling Failure of Fiber-Reinforced Laminates

Science.gov (United States)

Pineda, Evan J.; Waas, Anthony M.

2013-01-01

Progressive damage and failure analysis (PDFA) tools are needed to predict the nonlinear response of advanced fiber-reinforced composite structures. Predictive tools should incorporate the underlying physics of the damage and failure mechanisms observed in the composite, and should utilize as few input parameters as possible. The purpose of the Enhanced Schapery Theory (EST) was to create a PDFA tool that operates in conjunction with a commercially available finite element (FE) code (Abaqus). The tool captures the physics of the damage and failure mechanisms that result in the nonlinear behavior of the material, and the failure methodology employed yields numerical results that are relatively insensitive to changes in the FE mesh. The EST code is written in Fortran and compiled into a static library that is linked to Abaqus. A Fortran Abaqus UMAT material subroutine is used to facilitate the communication between Abaqus and EST. A clear distinction between damage and failure is imposed. Damage mechanisms result in pre-peak nonlinearity in the stress strain curve. Four internal state variables (ISVs) are utilized to control the damage and failure degradation. All damage is said to result from matrix microdamage, and a single ISV marks the micro-damage evolution as it is used to degrade the transverse and shear moduli of the lamina using a set of experimentally obtainable matrix microdamage functions. Three separate failure ISVs are used to incorporate failure due to fiber breakage, mode I matrix cracking, and mode II matrix cracking. Failure initiation is determined using a failure criterion, and the evolution of these ISVs is controlled by a set of traction-separation laws. The traction separation laws are postulated such that the area under the curves is equal to the fracture toughness of the material associated with the corresponding failure mechanism. A characteristic finite element length is used to transform the traction-separation laws into stress-strain laws

Moral Islam dalam Membangkitkan Etos Ekonomi Umat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Rahmat Effendi

2007-03-01

Al-Qur’an menganjurkan kita untuk menggunakan sumber kekayaan alam. Al-Qur’an merangsang akal kita, mengarahkannya kepada pandangan dunia yang dikelilingi oleh alam yang diciptakan untuk dimanfaatkan oleh manusia. Al-Qur’an juga menjelaskan bahwa memanfaatkan semua itu terfokus dalam dua hal: Pertama, ilmu atau sains yang berdiri di atas fondasi rasio dan akal budi. Melalui akal budi ini, Allah membedakan manusia dari hewan. Kedua, bekerja; Ilmu tidak bermanfaat kalau tidak dipraktekkan dengan bekerja. Bekerja dibutuhkan bukan hanya sekali waktu, tetapi terus menerus. Bekerja dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan sesuatu yang terbaik dan untuk mencapai karunia Allah. Bekerja di dalam Islam adalah suatu kewajiban bagi mereka yang mampu. Tidak dibenarkan bagi seorang muslim berpangku tangan dengan alasan “mengkhususkan waktu untuk beribadah” atau bertawakal kepada Allah. Tidak dibenarkan pula bagi seorang muslim bersandar pada bantuan orang lain sedangkan ia memiliki kemampuan.

BENTUK ISLAM FAKTUAL: KARAKTER DAN TIPOLOGI ISLAM INDONESIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irham Yuwanamu

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Artikel ini berupaya menjelaskan terkait dengan Islam faktual sebagai keniscayaan yang terjadi kepada umat Islam. Bahwasanya Islam faktual merupakan bentuk keberagamaan umat muslim di dunia yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh latar sosial dan budaya masyarakat. Islam faktual dapat terjadi perbedaan di antara umat muslim yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Dalam artikel ini Islam faktual yang menjadi kajian adalah Islam Indonesia. Pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab adalah bagaimana karakter dan tipologi Islam Indonesia? Kesimpulan yang ditemukannya, bahwa karakter Islam Indonesia adalah wasatiyah dan tipologinya adalah akomodatif dengan sosio-kultur di masyarakat. Kemudian tipologi yang dikemukakan oleh Clifford Geertz dalam hal ini sudah tidak relevan lagi, khususnya untuk menggambarkan Islam Jawa sebagai contoh Islam Indonesia. Selanjutnya era kontemporer ini Islam Indonesia sebagian kecil mengalami pergeseran orientasi ke arah Islam transnasional, yakni Islam yang bermanhaj salafi. Artikel ini merupakan sebuah kajian literatur yang menggunakan bahan-bahan hasil penelitian terkait dengan tema yang menjadi objek kajian.    This article efforts to explain the associated with Islam factual as a necessity that happened to the Muslims. That Islam factual is a form of religious Muslims in the world who could be affected by the social and cultural background. Islam factual can occur differences between Muslims with each other. In this article the Islam factual  become to be studied is Islam Indonesian. Questions to be answered is how the characters and the typology of Indonesian Islam? The conclusion that the discovery, that the character of Islam Indonesian is wasatiyah and typology is accommodating to the socio-culture in society. Then typology proposed by Clifford Geertz in this case was no longer relevant, particularly to describe Islam Java as an example. Furthermore, this contemporary era Islam Indonesian in part experienced a shift in orientation toward

EMERALD, Radiation Release and Dose after PWR Accident for Design Analysis and Operation Analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brunot, W.K.; Fray, R.R.; Gillespie, S.G.

1988-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: The EMERALD program is designed for the calculation of radiation releases and exposures resulting from abnormal operation of a large pressurized water reactor (PWR). The approach used in EMERALD is similar to an analog simulation of a real system. Each component or volume in the plant which contains a radioactive material is represented by a subroutine which keeps track of the production, transfer, decay and absorption of radioactivity in that volume. During the course of the analysis of an accident, activity is transferred from subroutine to subroutine in the program as it would be transferred from place to place in the plant. For example, in the calculation of the doses resulting from a loss-of-coolant accident the program first calculates the activity built up in the fuel before the accident, then releases some of this activity to the containment volume. Some of this activity is then released to the atmosphere. The rates of transfer, leakage, production, cleanup, decay, and release are read in as input to the program. Subroutines are also included which calculate the on-site and off-site radiation exposures at various distances for individual isotopes and sums of isotopes. The program contains a library of physical data for the twenty-five isotopes of most interest in licensing calculations, and other isotopes can be added or substituted. Because of the flexible nature of the simulation approach, the EMERALD program can be used for most calculations involving the production and release of radioactive materials during abnormal operation of a PWR. These include design, operational, and licensing studies. 2 - Method of solution - Explicit solutions of first-order linear differential equations are included. In addition, a subroutine is provided which solves a set of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem - Maxima of: 25 isotopes, 7 time periods, 15 volumes or components, 10

Rate Dependent Multicontinuum Progressive Failure Analysis of Woven Fabric Composite Structures under Dynamic Impact

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

James Lua

2004-01-01

Full Text Available Marine composite materials typically exhibit significant rate dependent response characteristics when subjected to extreme dynamic loading conditions. In this work, a strain-rate dependent continuum damage model is incorporated with multicontinuum technology (MCT to predict damage and failure progression for composite material structures. MCT treats the constituents of a woven fabric composite as separate but linked continua, thereby allowing a designer to extract constituent stress/strain information in a structural analysis. The MCT algorithm and material damage model are numerically implemented with the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA3D via a user-defined material model (umat. The effects of the strain-rate hardening model are demonstrated through both simple single element analyses for woven fabric composites and also structural level impact simulations of a composite panel subjected to various impact conditions. Progressive damage at the constituent level is monitored throughout the loading. The results qualitatively illustrate the value of rate dependent material models for marine composite materials under extreme dynamic loading conditions.

Recent Developments in the Formability of Aluminum Alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Banabic, Dorel; Cazacu, Oana; Paraianu, Liana; Jurco, Paul

2005-08-01

The paper presents a few recent contributions brought by the authors in the field of the formability of aluminum alloys. A new concept for calculating Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) using the finite element method is presented. The article presents a new strategy for calculating both branches of an FLD, using a Hutchinson - Neale model implemented in a finite element code. The simulations have been performed with Abaqus/Standard. The constitutive model has been implemented using a UMAT subroutine. The plastic anisotropy of the sheet metal is described by the Cazacu-Barlat and the BBC2003 yield criteria. The theoretical predictions have been compared with the results given by the classical Hutchinson - Neale method and also with experimental data for different aluminum alloys. The comparison proves the capability of the finite element method to predict the strain localization. A computer program used for interactive calculation and graphical representation of different Yield Loci and Forming Limit Diagrams has also been developed. The program is based on a Hutchinson-Neale model. Different yield criteria (Hill 1948, Barlat-Lian and BBC 2003) are implemented in this model. The program consists in three modules: a graphical interface for input, a module for the identification and visualization of the yield surfaces, and a module for calculating and visualizing the forming limit curves. A useful facility offered by the program is the possibility to perform the sensitivity analysis both for the yield surface and the forming limit curves. The numerical results can be compared with experimental data, using the import/export facilities included in the program.

Recent Developments in the Formability of Aluminum Alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Banabic, Dorel; Paraianu, Liana; Jurco, Paul; Cazacu, Oana

2005-01-01

The paper presents a few recent contributions brought by the authors in the field of the formability of aluminum alloys. A new concept for calculating Forming Limit Diagrams (FLD) using the finite element method is presented. The article presents a new strategy for calculating both branches of an FLD, using a Hutchinson - Neale model implemented in a finite element code. The simulations have been performed with Abaqus/Standard. The constitutive model has been implemented using a UMAT subroutine. The plastic anisotropy of the sheet metal is described by the Cazacu-Barlat and the BBC2003 yield criteria. The theoretical predictions have been compared with the results given by the classical Hutchinson - Neale method and also with experimental data for different aluminum alloys. The comparison proves the capability of the finite element method to predict the strain localization. A computer program used for interactive calculation and graphical representation of different Yield Loci and Forming Limit Diagrams has also been developed. The program is based on a Hutchinson-Neale model. Different yield criteria (Hill 1948, Barlat-Lian and BBC 2003) are implemented in this model. The program consists in three modules: a graphical interface for input, a module for the identification and visualization of the yield surfaces, and a module for calculating and visualizing the forming limit curves. A useful facility offered by the program is the possibility to perform the sensitivity analysis both for the yield surface and the forming limit curves. The numerical results can be compared with experimental data, using the import/export facilities included in the program

Application of trilinear softening functions based on a cohesive crack approach to the simulation of the fracture behaviour of fibre reinforced cementitious materials.

Science.gov (United States)

Enfedaque, A.; Alberti, M. G.; Gálvez, J. C.

2017-09-01

The relevance of fibre reinforced cementitious materials (FRC) has increased due to the appearance of regulations that establish the requirements needed to take into account the contribution of the fibres in the structural design. However, in order to exploit the properties of such materials it is a key aspect being able to simulate their behaviour under fracture conditions. Considering a cohesive crack approach, several authors have studied the suitability of using several softening functions. However, none of these functions can be directly applied to FRC. The present contribution analyses the suitability of multilinear softening functions in order to obtain simulation results of fracture tests of a wide variety of FRC. The implementation of multilinear softening functions has been successfully performed by means of a material user subroutine in a commercial finite element code obtaining accurate results in a wide variety of FRC. Such softening functions were capable of simulating a ductile unloading behaviour as well as a rapid unloading followed by a reloading and afterwards a slow unloading. Moreover, the implementation performed has been proven as versatile, robust and efficient from a numerical point of view.

Computer programs for nonlinear algebraic equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asaoka, Takumi

1977-10-01

We have provided principal computer subroutines for obtaining numerical solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations through a review of the various methods. Benchmark tests were performed on these subroutines to grasp the characteristics of them compared to the existing subroutines. As computer programs based on the secant method, subroutines of the Muller's method using the Chambers' algorithm were newly developed, in addition to the equipment of subroutines of the Muller's method itself. The programs based on the Muller-Chambers' method are useful especially for low-order polynomials with complex coefficients except for the case of finding the triple roots, three close roots etc. In addition, we have equipped subroutines based on the Madsen's algorithm, a variant of the Newton's method. The subroutines have revealed themselves very useful as standard programs because all the roots are found accurately for every case though they take longer computing time than other subroutines for low-order polynomials. It is shown also that an existing subroutine of the Bairstow's method gives the fastest algorithm for polynomials with complex coefficients, except for the case of finding the triple roots etc. We have provided also subroutines to estimate error bounds for all the roots produced with the various algorithms. (auth.)

Finite Element Modeling of Dieless Tube Drawing of Strain Rate Sensitive Material with Coupled Thermo-Mechanical Analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Furushima, Tsuyoshi; Sakai, Takashi; Manabe, Ken-ichi

2004-06-01

Dieless drawing is a unique deformation process without conventional dies, which can achieve a great reduction of wire and tube metals in single pass by means of local heating and cooling approach. In this study, for microtube forming, the dieless drawing process applying superplastic behavior was analyzed by finite element method (FEM) in order to clarify the effect of dieless tube drawing conditions such as tensile speed, moving speed of heating and cooling system, and material properties on deformation behavior of the tube. In the calculation, the material properties were dealt in a special subroutine, whose constitutive equation was defined as σ = Kɛnɛ˙m, and was linked to the solver. A coupled thermo-mechanical analysis was performed for the dieless tube drawing using the FEM. In the thermal analysis of dieless tube drawing, heat transfer was introduced to calculate the heat flux between heating coil and tube surface, and heat conduction in a tube. The influence of dieless tube drawing conditions on deformation behavior was clarified. As a result, for the strain rate sensitive material, the maximum reduction of area and the minimum outer diameter in single pass attain to 90.9% and 2.56mm, respectively. From the result, it is concluded that the dieless tube drawing is essential to produce an extrafine microtube by reason of keeping cylindrical tube diameter ratio constant with extremely high reduction.

Irradiated stainless steel material constitutive model for use in the performance evaluation of PWR pressure vessel internals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rashid, J.Y.; Dunham, R.S. [ANATECH (United States); Demma, A. [Electric Power Research Institute - EPRI (United States)

2011-07-01

Demonstration of component functionality requires analytical simulations of reactor internals behavior. Towards that aim, EPRI has undertaken the development of irradiated material constitutive model and damage criteria for use in global and local finite-element based functionality analysis methodology. The constitutive behavioral regimes of irradiated stainless steel types 316 and 304 materials included in the model consist of: elastic-plastic material response considering irradiation hardening of the stress-strain curve, irradiation creep, stress relaxation, and void swelling. IASCC and degradation of ductility with irradiation are the primary damage mechanisms considered in the model. The material behavior model development consists of two parts: the first part is a user-material subroutine that can interface with a general-purpose finite element computer program to adapt it to the special-purpose of functionality analysis of reactor internals. The second part is a user utility in the form of Excel Spread sheets that permit users to extract a given property, e.g. the elastic-plastic stress-strain curve, creep curve, or void-swelling curve, as function of the relevant independent variables. The development of the model takes full advantage of the significant work that has been undertaken within EPRI's Material Reliability Program (MRP) to improve the knowledge of the material properties of irradiated stainless steels. Data from EPRI's MRP database have been utilized to develop equations that characterize the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, uniform elongation, total elongation, reduction in area, void swelling and irradiation creep of stainless steels in a PWR environment. It is noted that, while the development of the model's equations has been statistically faithful to the material database, approximations were introduced in the model to ensure appropriate conservatism in the model's application consistently with accepted

Aplikasi Game Edukasi Membuat Canang Berbasis Android

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anak Agung Made Dian Krisnandari

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Game membuat canang merupakan suatu game edukasi yang dibuat untuk memperkenalkan canang pada umat Hindu, khususnya anak-anak. Game ini akan menampilkan berbagai macam canang yang digunakan pada kehidupan sehari-hari oleh umat Hindu. Game membuat canang berbasis mobile ini dibuat dengan menggunakan aplikasi Corona SDK. Corona didalam penggunakan aplikasinya menggunakan ekstensi data yang berbasis Lua, dimana Lua memiliki ekstensi data yang ringan dan mudah untuk dioprasikan sehingga sangat cocok digunakan untuk membuat game. Game edukasi ini juga memiliki perhitungan score yang dibuat dengan sangat sederhana dengan menggunakan basis data yang disebut JSON. JSON (JavaScript Object Notation merupakan format yang ringan untuk memasukan data ke dalam sebuah variabel.   Kata Kunci : game, canang, android, edukasi, Corona SDK, Lua, JSON

On the simulation of kink bands in fiber reinforced composites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, K.D.; Mikkelsen, Lars Pilgaard; Jensen, H.M.

2007-01-01

Simulations of kink band formation in fiber reinforced composites are carried out using the commercial finite element program ABAQUS. A smeared-out, plane constitutive model for fiber reinforced materials is implemented as a user subroutine, and effects of fiber misalignment on elastic and plastic...

Tradisi Upacara Kematian Umat Khonghucu dalam Perspektif Psikologis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marmiati Mawardi

2010-12-01

Full Text Available Based on the Con fu tse ’s teaching, life is a long journey without an end.Birth is an entrance to the world. Death is an exit door from the world. Life inhereafter is a continuation of life in the world. Therefore, all of the human’sdeed in the world will affect their life in hereafter. This article about deathceremony of Confucian is part of finding of my research on the religious lifedevelopment to the Chinese who believes in Confucion in Surakarta. Deathceremony has psychological values which influence one’s attitude and characterin his/her life in the world. Keywords : Death Ceremony, Confucion, Psycology

Urgensi Implementasi Dakwah Melalui Optimalisasi Potensi Ekonomi Umat

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miftakhul Anam

2016-12-01

Full Text Available As one of the most important aspects of human life, economy has a significant role to the spirit of Muslim's religiousity. This is driven by the fad that economy is on osped supporting happiness and interesting life and it is also considered o highly valuable aspect in Islam. This paper focuses on da'wa (Islamic preaching and the economic condition of Muslims. The discussion on da'wa and economy will be more important because in the present time - where human problems are very complex and complicated, especially on economy side - doing da'wa conventionally does not give enough religious enlightenment to ummah.  Oo'wo needs more creative methods and relevant approaches to achieve the best result. In this case, economy will be studied as on approach to da'wa.

TOLERANSI DAN KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI MASYARAKAT RANDUACIR

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rasimin Rasimin

2016-06-01

Full Text Available This research used the qualitative approach, i.e. the research that generates descriptive data in the form of the written word or people speaking or behavior that can be observed. The results of this research show that pluralisme and nonviolence in religion at Randuacir Argomulyo Salatiga namely: (a through the efforts of internal dialogue and religious interfaith, this requires a change of perspective and how to act regarding to the presence of different cultures and religions. The point to understand the process of a dialogue is based on the willingness to open up in encountering authenticity, and on a whim to appear critical and objective interreligious dialogue that departs from the obscurity of the concept and perception that in the end it will only bore the forum because they are blasphemous, adjudicate, and justify his group.

Demokrasi Melahirkan Pluralisme; Bahaya dalam Toleransi Umat Beragama

OpenAIRE

Afrizal, Jhon

2011-01-01

This article talk about democracy and pluralism relationship with people tolerance gets religion. Tolerances comprehended pluralism mark sense thinking manner, religion, culture, civilization etc.. Pluralism is gone upon on one wish to smooth away truth. Plurasme is looked on as its appearance trigger extreme attitude, radicaal martial on behalf religion, horizontal conflict, and grind on behalf religion. According to clan pluralis, conflict and violence with mengatasnamakan destroyed new rel...

Numerical simulation research on rolling process of monolithic nuclear fuel plate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wan Jibo; Kong Xiangzhe; Ding Shurong; Xu Hongbin; Huo Yongzhong

2015-01-01

For the strain-rate-dependent constitutive relation of zircaloy cladding in UMo monolithic nuclear fuel plates, the three-dimensional stress updating algorithm was derived out, and the corresponding VUMAT subroutine to define its constitutive relation was developed and validated; the finite element model was built to simulate the frame rolling process of UMo monolithic nuclear fuel plates; with the explicit dynamic finite element method, the evolution rules of the deformation and contact pressure during the rolling process within the composite slab were obtained and analyzed. The research results indicate that it is convenient and efficient to define the strain-rate- dependent constitutive relations of materials with the user-defined material subroutine VUMAT; the rolling-induced contact pressure between the fuel meat and the covers varies with time, and the maximum pressure exits at the symmetric plane along the plate width direction. This study supplies a foundation and a computation method for optimizing the processing parameters to manufacture UMo monolithic nuclear fuel plates. (authors)

ROOTS: a program to generate radionuclide decay chains

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fields, D.E.; Dunning, D.E. Jr.

1985-11-01

A set of algorithms has been developed to support dosimetric and transport calculations. These subroutines read a radionuclide data file and prepare a decay chain showing branching fractions and radioactive half-lives of each member. One application of these subroutines has been their implementation as a set of FORTRAN subroutines for application in the PREREM code (Ryan and Fields, 1981). Recent use of these subroutines in stand-alone form required their expansion to print branching fractions. An expanded data set based on ICRP-38 radionuclide data (ICRP, 1983) was also prepared. This subroutine package is called Radionuclide Origin and Ontogeny Tracing Subroutines (ROOTS). The package is intended for execution on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-10 Computer System, and may require modification to run on other machines. 6 refs

Effects of cross-anisotropy and stress-dependency of pavement layers on pavement responses under dynamic truck loading

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafiqul A. Tarefder

2016-06-01

Full Text Available Previous studies by the authors have determined pavement responses under dynamic loading considering cross-anisotropy in one layer only, either the cross-anisotropic viscoelastic asphalt concrete (AC layer or the cross-anisotropic stress-dependent base layer, but not both. This study evaluates pavement stress–strain responses considering cross-anisotropy in all layers, i.e. AC, base and subbase, using finite element modeling (FEM technique. An instrumented pavement section on Interstate I-40 near Albuquerque, New Mexico was used in ABAQUS framework as model geometry. Field asphalt cores were collected and tested in the laboratory to determine the cross-anisotropy (n-values defined by horizontal to vertical modulus ratio, and other viscoelastic parameters as inputs of the model incorporated through user defined material interface (UMAT functionality in ABAQUS. Field base and subbase materials were also collected and tested in the laboratory to determine stress-dependent nonlinear elastic model parameters, as inputs of the model, again incorporated through UMAT. The model validation task was carried out using field-measured deflections and strain values under falling weight deflectometer (FWD loads at the instrumented section. The validated model was then subjected to an actual truck loading for studying cross-anisotropic effects. It was observed that horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of the AC layer and vertical strains in all layers decreased with an increase in n-value of the asphalt layer, from n < 1 (anisotropy to n=1 (isotropy. This indicates that the increase in horizontal modulus caused the decrease in layer strains. It was also observed that if the base and subbase layers were considered stress-dependent instead of linear elastic unbound layers, the horizontal tensile strain at the bottom of the asphalt layer increased and vertical strains on top of the base and subbase also increased.

The library of Modulef subroutines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kritz, M.V.

1981-07-01

The structure and contents of the MTS implementation of Modulef Software, are presented. It contains a short description of the general structure and data flux among Modulef routines, a list of chief-routines (or modules) in each library and a procedure concerning their use. This procedure tells how to concatenate, compile and run some Modulef modules. More information about each module can be found on especific bibliography. (Author) [pt

NSWC Library of Mathematics Subroutines

Science.gov (United States)

1990-01-01

DO 10 I= 1,M 10 OPT (I + 1) = DY1(I) OPT (M + 2) = 8.0 (Second option) OPT (M + 3) = -1.3 OPT (M + 4) = 0.0 (Terminates the option vector) Background ...Gordon, M. K., Computer Solution of Ordinary Dif- ferential Equations, W. H. Freeman and Company , San Francisco, 1975. I : I 463 I I ADAPTIVE RKF...Department Unilever Australia Ltd. P.O. Box 9 Balmain 2041 Reynolds Street 1 Balmain NSW, Australia Angela M. Brusca, MS 1297 Westinghouse Defense and

Landfill Lifespan Estimation: A Case Study

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Michael

2017-12-02

Dec 2, 2017 ... site selection, design, construction, operation and management. For this reason, it ... This research used the future value of money equation to estimate the lifespan of the ..... Geomatic Engineering, UMaT, Tarkwa, Ghana, pp.

Substructure based modeling of nickel single crystals cycled at low plastic strain amplitudes

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Dong

subroutine DISP and URDFIL of ABAQUS, respectively, while constitutive formulations of the FEM model are coded and implemented in UMAT. The results of the simulations are compared to experiments. This model verified the validity of Winter's two-phase model and Taylor's uniform stress assumption, explored substructure evolution and "intrinsic" behavior in substructures and successfully simulated the process of PSB band formation and propagation.

Subprogram STDPL for standard graph drawing of two-dimensional data

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fujimura, Toichiro

1977-05-01

The subroutine STDPL has been developed for drawing the graphs of data. The data should have two components, and the graphs are drawn on x-y plane using refined parameters. A functional subroutine package, F-Series, was also developed by combining the basic plotter subroutines, which is employed in STDPL. Visualization of the data is important in grasping trend of the results obtained by experiment or calculation. However, plotting them by use of the basic subroutines alone is laborious and tends to give errors. The STDPL is designed to detect input-parameter errors and correct them as much as possible to continue the plotting. Some typical examples and FORTRAN list of the subroutines are also given. (auth.)

Coupling of a structural analysis and flow simulation for short-fiber-reinforced polymers: property prediction and transfer of results

Science.gov (United States)

Kröner, C.; Altenbach, H.; Naumenko, K.

2009-05-01

The aim of this paper is to discuss the basic theories of interfaces able to transfer the results of an injection molding analyis of fiber-reinforced polymers, performed by using the commercial computer code Moldflow, to the structural analysis program ABAQUS. The elastic constants of the materials, such as Young's modulus, shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio, which depend on both the fiber content and the degree of fiber orientation, were calculated not by the usual method of "orientation averaging," but with the help of linear functions fitted to experimental data. The calculation and transfer of all needed data, such as material properties, geometry, directions of anisotropy, and so on, is performed by an interface developed. The interface is suit able for midplane elements in Moldflow. It calculates and transfers to ABAQUS all data necessary for the use of shell elements. In addition, a method is described how a nonlinear orthotropic behavior can be modeled starting from the generalized Hooke's law. It is also shown how such a model can be implemented in ABAQUS by means of a material subroutine. The results obtained according to this subroutine are compared with those based on an orthotropic, linear, elastic simulation.

PWR-GALE, Radioactive Gaseous Release and Liquid Release from PWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandrasekaran, T.; Lee, J.Y.; Willis, C.A.

1988-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: The PWR-GALE (Boiling Water Reactor Gaseous and Liquid Effluents) Code is a computerized mathematical model for calculating the release of radioactive material in gaseous and liquid effluents from pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The calculations are based on data generated from operating reactors, field tests, laboratory tests, and plant-specific design considerations incorporated to reduce the quantity of radioactive materials that may be released to the environment. 2 - Method of solution: GALE calculates expected releases based on 1) standardized coolant activities derived from ANS Standards 18.1 Working Group recommendations, 2) release and transport mechanisms that result in the appearance of radioactive material in liquid and gaseous waste streams, 3) plant-specific design features used to reduce the quantities of radioactive materials ultimately released to the environs, and 4) information received on the operation of nuclear power plants. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The liquid release portion of GALE uses subroutines taken from the ORIGEN (CCC-217) to calculate radionuclide buildup and decay during collection, processing, and storage of liquid radwaste. Memory requirements for this part of the program are determined by the large nuclear data base accessed by these subroutines

Controller routines for the DECsystem-10 with application to a tandem-mirror plasma code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Faul, D.R.; Devoto, R.S.

1979-01-01

FORTRAN-callable subroutines have been written to enable controller--controllee interaction on the LLL DECsystem-10. These subroutines have been used to construct a controller (XTCTMR) for a tandem-mirror physics code (CTCTMR). A description of the subroutines and their use is presented. Also, sample results are given

Finite element analysis of irradiation-induced dilation of the fuel subassembly duct in LMFBR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gao Fuhai; Fu Hao; Li Nan; Yang Kongli; Wang Mingzhen

2013-01-01

Background: The calculation of irradiation-induced dilation of the fuel subassembly duct in LMFBR is important for fast reactor core design.. Purpose: To investigate how to calculate the dilation by using finite element method (FEM). Methods: First, irradiation-induced creep and swelling material models are introduced. Then, a theoretical solution based on a simplified bending plate model is briefly given. Finally, a stress update scheme for the adopted material models is presented and furthermore embedded into ABAQUS user interface UMAT to conduct finite element analysis. Both solutions are compared and discussed. Results: FEM successfully predicts the duct dilation and its solution agrees well with theoretical one in small deformation. Conclusions: The proposed stress update scheme is effective, The accuracy of the theory solution declines when dilation becomes larger. The maximum stress occurs at the duct corner point, and the location has stress relaxation effect. (authors)

MIG version 0.0 model interface guidelines: Rules to accelerate installation of numerical models into any compliant parent code

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brannon, R.M.; Wong, M.K.

1996-08-01

A set of model interface guidelines, called MIG, is presented as a means by which any compliant numerical material model can be rapidly installed into any parent code without having to modify the model subroutines. Here, {open_quotes}model{close_quotes} usually means a material model such as one that computes stress as a function of strain, though the term may be extended to any numerical operation. {open_quotes}Parent code{close_quotes} means a hydrocode, finite element code, etc. which uses the model and enforces, say, the fundamental laws of motion and thermodynamics. MIG requires the model developer (who creates the model package) to specify model needs in a standardized but flexible way. MIG includes a dictionary of technical terms that allows developers and parent code architects to share a common vocabulary when specifying field variables. For portability, database management is the responsibility of the parent code. Input/output occurs via structured calling arguments. As much model information as possible (such as the lists of required inputs, as well as lists of precharacterized material data and special needs) is supplied by the model developer in an ASCII text file. Every MIG-compliant model also has three required subroutines to check data, to request extra field variables, and to perform model physics. To date, the MIG scheme has proven flexible in beta installations of a simple yield model, plus a more complicated viscodamage yield model, three electromechanical models, and a complicated anisotropic microcrack constitutive model. The MIG yield model has been successfully installed using identical subroutines in three vectorized parent codes and one parallel C++ code, all predicting comparable results. By maintaining one model for many codes, MIG facilitates code-to-code comparisons and reduces duplication of effort, thereby reducing the cost of installing and sharing models in diverse new codes.

Ghana Mining Journal: Contact

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Principal Contact. Professor Daniel Mireku-Gyimah Editor-in-Chief University of Mines & Technology Ghana Mining Journal University of Mines & Technology P. O. BOX 237 Tarkwa Ghana Phone: +233 362 20280/20324. Fax: +233 362 20306. Email: dm.gyimah@umat.edu.gh ...

Rancang Bangun Animasi 3D Pembelajaran Shalat Jenazah Berbasis Android

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gembong Satria Prabowo

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Shalat jenazah dan berwudhu merupakan kegiatan yang sering dilakukan Umat Islam. Kurangnya informasi serta masih digunakannya metode pengajaran konvensional yaitu hanya dengan menggunakan buku dan lisan saja merupakan salah satu penyebab Umat Islam khususnya siswa kurang mampu memahami tata cara berwudhu dan shalat jenazah. Seiring perkembangan teknologi, permasalahan tersebut dapat ditanggulangi dengan sebuah metode pembelajaran di bidang Teknologi Informasi yaitu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi smartphone berbasis Android sebagai media pembelajaran tata cara berwudhu dan shalat jenazah yang diimplementasikan ke dalam sebuah aplikasi animasi 3 dimensi. Aplikasi APJenazah dibuat berbasis Android menggunakan Autodesk Maya sebagai pemodelan dan animasi, sedangkan perancangan aplikasi Android menggunakan Unity. Aplikasi digunakan dengan input dari user berupa sentuhan tombol, dan output berdasarkan tombol yang disentuh. Hasil dari aplikasi APJenazah yaitu informasi mengenai prosesi tata cara berwudhu dan shalat jenazah, menggunakan objek dan karakter animasi 3 dimensi. Kata Kunci: Animasi, 3 Dimensi, Shalat Jenazah, Android

Identification of material parameters for plasticity models: A comparative study on the finite element model updating and the virtual fields method

Science.gov (United States)

Martins, J. M. P.; Thuillier, S.; Andrade-Campos, A.

2018-05-01

The identification of material parameters, for a given constitutive model, can be seen as the first step before any practical application. In the last years, the field of material parameters identification received an important boost with the development of full-field measurement techniques, such as Digital Image Correlation. These techniques enable the use of heterogeneous displacement/strain fields, which contain more information than the classical homogeneous tests. Consequently, different techniques have been developed to extract material parameters from full-field measurements. In this study, two of these techniques are addressed, the Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU) and the Virtual Fields Method (VFM). The main idea behind FEMU is to update the parameters of a constitutive model implemented in a finite element model until both numerical and experimental results match, whereas VFM makes use of the Principle of Virtual Work and does not require any finite element simulation. Though both techniques proved their feasibility in linear and non-linear constitutive models, it is rather difficult to rank their robustness in plasticity. The purpose of this work is to perform a comparative study in the case of elasto-plastic models. Details concerning the implementation of each strategy are presented. Moreover, a dedicated code for VFM within a large strain framework is developed. The reconstruction of the stress field is performed through a user subroutine. A heterogeneous tensile test is considered to compare FEMU and VFM strategies.

Description of the hardware and software of the power spectral density recognition (PSDREC) continuous on-line reactor surveillance system (California distribution). Volume 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, C.M.

1983-12-01

PSDREC executes under the Digital Equipment Corp. (DEC) RT-11 Version 4.0 operating system with a single job monitor and uses the DEC FORTRAN IV and MACRO assembliers and libraries. The MACRO library has been modified such that a .REGDEF macro call defines the floating-point processor registers. Because of memory limitations, FORTRAN files should be assembled with the NOLINENUMBERS and NOVECTORS assembly options. The files comprising PSDREC must be overlaid in order to execute. The overlay structure for linking the PSDREC files is shown. The subroutines contained in each file and the calling parameters for each subroutine are listed. A brief description of the function of each subroutine is given. A subroutine call diagram for PSDREC shows the interrelationships of subroutines within PSDREC. No detailed flow charts are provided for the subroutines comprising PSDREC. However, logic flow charts highlighting the features of the main executive routine, SUPERV, which controls overall program flow for the setup and monitoring of outer loops, and the only currently implemented analysis routine, PSDREC, are given

DISEMINASI KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA MODEL PESANTREN MAHASISWA DI PURWOKERTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moh Roqib

2018-03-01

Full Text Available This paper captures the tolerance of religious community as a dis- semination model implemented by an-Najah Islamic Boarding School for University Students motored by Kiai (Islamic Expert and followed by Santri (Islamic Boarding School students. There were two dissemination approaches that had been conducted by an-Najah, they were academic and direct approaches through daily life. In terms of academic approach, it was conducted through Islamic studies such as reviewing classical Is- lamic book ( Kitab Kuning as the general characteristic of Islamic board- ing school reference, seminar, and dialogue with Moslem and non-Mos- lem scholars. Besides of those Islamic studies, an-Najah students were also taught about the nature of tolerance to face the diverse opinions and beliefs of other religions. In addition, an-Najah students were also intro- duced the diversity as well as the value of tolerance in living laboratory in the form of life skill training and community service involving the stu- dents and youth interfaith cooperation. The process of tolerance dissemi- nation had been conducted regularly and incidentally. Therefore, those practices could be maintained as a routine activity. To sum up, the pri- mary theoretical and practical studies implemented in Islamic boarding school could broaden the insightful perspective and pure heart as what was established through the Islamic boarding school tradition in line with the value of prophetic education.

Formulation and integration of constitutive models describing large deformations in thermoplasticity and thermoviscoplasticity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jansohn, W.

1997-10-01

This report deals with the formulation and numerical integration of constitutive models in the framework of finite deformation thermomechanics. Based on the concept of dual variables, plasticity and viscoplasticity models exhibiting nonlinear kinematic hardening as well as nonlinear isotropic hardening rules are presented. Care is taken that the evolution equations governing the hardening response fulfill the intrinsic dissipation inequality in every admissible process. In view of the development of an efficient numerical integration procedure, simplified versions of these constitutive models are supposed. In these versions, the thermoelastic strains are assumed to be small and a simplified kinematic hardening rule is considered. Additionally, in view of an implementation into the ABAQUS finite element code, the elasticity law is approximated by a hypoelasticity law. For the simplified onstitutive models, an implicit time-integration algorithm is developed. First, in order to obtain a numerical objective integration scheme, use is made of the HUGHES-WINGET-Algorithm. In the resulting system of ordinary differential equations, it can be distinguished between three differential operators representing different physical effects. The structure of this system of differential equations allows to apply an operator split scheme, which leads to an efficient integration scheme for the constitutive equations. By linearizing the integration algorithm the consistent tangent modulus is derived. In this way, the quadratic convergence of Newton's method used to solve the basic finite element equations (i.e. the finite element discretization of the governing thermomechanical field equations) is preserved. The resulting integration scheme is implemented as a user subroutine UMAT in ABAQUS. The properties of the applied algorithm are first examined by test calculations on a single element under tension-compression-loading. For demonstrating the capabilities of the constitutive theory

GKS-EZ programming manual for FORTRAN-77

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beach, R.C.

1992-01-01

A standard has now been adopted for subroutine packages that drive graphic devices. It is known as the Graphical Kernel system (GKS), and many commercial implementations of it are available. Unfortunately, it is a difficult system to learn, and certain functions that are important for scientific use are not provided. Although GKS can be used to achieve portability of graphic applications between graphic devices, computers, and operating systems, it can also be misused in this respect. In addition, it introduces the very real problem of portability between the various implementations of GKS. This document describes a set of FORTRAN-77 subroutines that may be used to control a wide variety of graphic devices and overcome most of these problems. Some of these subroutines are from GKS itself, while others are higher-level subroutines that call GKS subroutines. These subroutines are collectively known as GKS-EZ. The purpose is to supply someone who is not a specialist in computer graphics with a flexible, robust, and easy to learn graphics system. Users of GKS-EZ should not have much need for a full GKS manual; this document will supply all of the information to use GKS-EZ except for a few items. These missing items include the numeric identification of the supported graphic devices and the procedure for linking the GKS subroutines into a executable module.

FRAP-T1: a computer code for the transient analysis of oxide fuel rods

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dearien, J.A.; Miller, R.L.; Hobbins, R.R.; Siefken, L.J.; Baston, V.F.; Coleman, D.R.

1977-02-01

FRAP-T is a FORTRAN IV computer code which can be used to solve for the transient response of a light water reactor (LWR) fuel rod during accident transients such as loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) or a power-cooling-mismatch (PCM). The coupled effects of mechanical, thermal, internal gas, and material property response on the behavior of the fuel rod are considered. FRAP-T is a modular code with each major computational model isolated within the code and coupled to the main code by subroutine calls and data transfer through argument lists. FRAP-T is coupled to a materials properties subcode (MATPRO) which is used to provide gas, fuel, and cladding properties to the FRAP-T computational subcodes. No material properties need be supplied by the code user. The needed water properties are stored in tables built into the code. Critical heat flux (CHF) and heat transfer correlations for a wide range of coolant conditions are contained in modular subroutines. FRAP-T has been evaluated by making extensive comparisons between predictions of the code and experimental data. Comparison of predicted and experimental results are presented for a range of FRAP-T calculated parameters. The code is presently programmed and running on an IBM-360/75 and a CDC 7600 computer

PC-BLAS, PC Linear Algebra Subroutines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hanson, R.J.

1989-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: PC-BLAS is a highly optimized version of the Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS), a standardized set of 38 routines that perform low-level operations on vectors of numbers in single- and double-precision real and complex arithmetic. Routines are included to find the index of the largest component of a vector, apply a Givens or modified Givens rotation, multiply a vector by a constant, determine the Euclidean length, perform a dot product, swap and copy vectors, and find the norm of a vector. 2 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The number of components in any vector and the spacing or stride between their entries must not exceed 32,767 (2 15 -1). PC-BLAS will not work with an 80286 CPU operating in 'protected' mode

STRATEGI DAKWAH DI TENGAH KONFLIK MASYARAKAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Irzum Farihah

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Kerukunan hidup dan saling menyelamatkan pada dasarnya merupakan tujuan dan cita-cita bersama umat manusia di dunia. Namun dalam mewujudkannya ternyata tidak mudah. Dakwah merupakan salah satu cara melakukan perubahan sosial. Perilaku masyarakat yang melanggar norma dan etika yang berlaku dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat harus diluruskan agar dampak buruknya tidak menyebar dan menjadi penyakit kolektif. Masyarakat harus dibimbing dan diarahkan kepada hal-hal positif yang tidak hanya bermanfaat bagi dirinya, tetapi juga bermanfaat bagi orang lain. Realitas sosial memang selalu membutuhkan tuntunan spiritual agar sejalan dengan petunjuk Tuhan. Negara Indonesia yang plural penduduknya cenderung rawan terjadi konflik, khususnya agama. Konflik agama tidak hanya antar umat beragama, namun sering juga terjadi gesekan intern agama. Persoalan yang harus segera diperhatikan umat Islam di Indonesia dalam mewujudkan masyarakat plural dan integartif yaitu umat Islam harus mampu menahan diri dari hasrat alami manusia yaitu untuk berkuasa will to power, sehingga mampu bersikap toleran terhadap kelompok lain. Dalam hal ini, tentu saja peran negara yang positif dalam memberlakukan agama sangat dibutuhkan. Begitu juga peran para dai dalam menyampaikan pesan dakwah kepada madu. Diharapkan para dai yang selama ini menjadi panutan madu, mampu menyampaikan pesan dakwah yang baik dan benar tanpa mengklaim kelompok lain salah, sehingga akan terwujud toleransi umat beragama di negeri ini. Kata Kunci: Strategi Dakwah, Konflik, Kearifan Dakwah. DAWA STRATEGY IN SOCIETY CONFLICT. Life communion and mutual saving is basically the purpose and shared goals of mankind in the world. However, it is easy to make it happen. Dawa is one way of doing a social change. The community behavior that violates prevailing norms and ethics in the life of society should be straightened out so that the bad impact did not spread and become the collective disease. The public should be guided and

A user's manual of Tools for Error Estimation of Complex Number Matrix Computation (Ver.1.0)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ichihara, Kiyoshi.

1997-03-01

'Tools for Error Estimation of Complex Number Matrix Computation' is a subroutine library which aids the users in obtaining the error ranges of the complex number linear system's solutions or the Hermitian matrices' eigen values. This library contains routines for both sequential computers and parallel computers. The subroutines for linear system error estimation calulate norms of residual vectors, matrices's condition numbers, error bounds of solutions and so on. The error estimation subroutines for Hermitian matrix eigen values' derive the error ranges of the eigen values according to the Korn-Kato's formula. This user's manual contains a brief mathematical background of error analysis on linear algebra and usage of the subroutines. (author)

Cohesive zone modelling and the fracture process of structural tape

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Stigh, Ulf; Biel, Anders; Svensson, Daniel

2016-01-01

and the separation is measured experimentally using methods based on the path independence of the J-integral. Repeated experiments are performed at quasi-static loading. A mixed mode cohesive law is adapted to the experimental data. The law is implemented as a UMAT in Abaqus. Simulations show minor thermal...

Same admissions tools, different outcomes: a critical perspective on predictive validity in three undergraduate medical schools.

Science.gov (United States)

Edwards, Daniel; Friedman, Tim; Pearce, Jacob

2013-12-27

Admission to medical school is one of the most highly competitive entry points in higher education. Considerable investment is made by universities to develop selection processes that aim to identify the most appropriate candidates for their medical programs. This paper explores data from three undergraduate medical schools to offer a critical perspective of predictive validity in medical admissions. This study examined 650 undergraduate medical students from three Australian universities as they progressed through the initial years of medical school (accounting for approximately 25 per cent of all commencing undergraduate medical students in Australia in 2006 and 2007). Admissions criteria (aptitude test score based on UMAT, school result and interview score) were correlated with GPA over four years of study. Standard regression of each of the three admissions variables on GPA, for each institution at each year level was also conducted. Overall, the data found positive correlations between performance in medical school, school achievement and UMAT, but not interview. However, there were substantial differences between schools, across year levels, and within sections of UMAT exposed. Despite this, each admission variable was shown to add towards explaining course performance, net of other variables. The findings suggest the strength of multiple admissions tools in predicting outcomes of medical students. However, they also highlight the large differences in outcomes achieved by different schools, thus emphasising the pitfalls of generalising results from predictive validity studies without recognising the diverse ways in which they are designed and the variation in the institutional contexts in which they are administered. The assumption that high-positive correlations are desirable (or even expected) in these studies is also problematised.

Praktik Pluralisme di Pondok Pesantren Ngalah

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Anang Sholikhudin

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Konsep multikulturalisme menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang tepat untuk menjawab kekhawatiran intoleransi, seperti yang sudah diterapkan oleh K.H. M. Sholeh Bahrudin, pendiri dan pengasuh Pondok Pesantren Ngalah Pasuruan. Beliau menerapkan Islam dan multikulturalisme di Pondok Pesantren yang ajaranya dapat diserap oleh santri serta masyarakat di kabupaten Pasuruan khususnya. Fokus penelitian yang digali adalah tentang praktik pluralisme di Pondok Pesantren Ngalah Pasuruan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa K.H. M. Sholeh Bahrudin konsisten dalam memperjuangkan ajaran dan sikap pluralisme di Pondok Pesantren Ngalah. Pertama, dibuktikan dengan tingginya praktik toleransi umat beragama di tengah-tengah Pondok Pesantren Ngalah. Kedua, Pondok Pesantren Ngalah teguh dalam menjalin kerukunan umat beragama. Secara spesifik, keterlibatan Kiai Sholeh dalam membangun kerukunan umat beragama di kabupaten Pasuruan ini, menjadi bukti secara nyata dan harus dilanjutkan secara estafet oleh para santri. The concept of multiculturalism becomes an appropriate need to address intolerance concerns, as K.H. M. Sholeh Bahrudin—founder and caretaker of the Pondok Pesantren Ngalah Pasuruan—did. He implements Islam and multiculturalism in Pondok Pesantren Ngalah where his teachings can be absorbed by santris and the social community in Pasuruan. This research aims to explor the practices of pluralism in Pondok Pesantren Ngalah Pasuruan. Here I use phenomenology approach. The results show that K.H. M. Sholeh Bahrudin is consistent in practicing the teachings and attitudes of pluralism in Pondok Pesantren Ngalah. First, evidenced by the high practice of religious tolerance in the middle of Pondok Pesantren Ngalah. Second, Pondok Pesantren Ngalah always establishes religious harmony. Specifically, the involvement of Kiai Sholeh in establishing religious harmony in Pasuruan becomes a real evidence and must be continued by

Reactor accident analysis and evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, J.W.

1983-01-01

Reactor Management Division of Korea Advanced Energy Research Institute has, so far, adopted, modified and developed quite a number of large programs for nuclear core analysis. During the course of this work, it was found necessary to employ some standard subroutines for handling data, input procedures, core memory management and search files. Many programs share lots of common subroutines and/or functions with other programs. Above all, some of them are in lack of transmittal. During the installation of big codes for CYBER computer, it has drawn our keen attention that many elementary subroutines are heavily machine-dependent and that their conversion is extremely difficult. After having collected and modified the subroutines to fit in different codes, it was finally named KINEP (KAERI Improved Nuclear Environmental Package). KINEP has been proved to be convenient even for smaller programs for general purpose. The KINEP includes about one hundred subroutines to facilitate data handling, operator communications, storage allocation, decimal input, file maintence and scratch I/O. (Author)

FORTRAN 4 programs for the extraction of potential well parameters from the energy dependence of total elastic scattering cross sections

Science.gov (United States)

Labudde, R. A.

1972-01-01

An attempt has been made to keep the programs as subroutine oriented as possible. Usually only the main programs are directly concerned with the problem of total cross sections. In particular the subroutines POLFIT, BILINR, GASS59/MAXLIK, SYMOR, MATIN, STUDNT, DNTERP, DIFTAB, FORDIF, EPSALG, REGFAL and ADSIMP are completely general, and are concerned only with the problems of numerical analysis and statistics. Each subroutine is independently documented.

Uranium accountability for ATR fuel fabrication: Part II. A computer simulation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dolan, C.A.; Nieschmidt, E.B.; Vegors, S.H. Jr.; Wagner, E.P. Jr.

1977-08-01

A stochastic computer model has been designed to simulate the material control system used during the production of fuel plates for the Advanced Test Reactor. Great care has been taken to see that this model follows the manufacturing and measuring processes used. The model is designed so that manufacturing process and measurement parameters are fed in as input; hence, changes in the manufacturing process and measurement procedures are easily simulated. Individual operations in the plant are described by program subroutines. By varying the calling sequence of these subroutines, variations in the manufacturing process may be simulated. By using this model values for MUF and LEMUF may be calculated for predetermined plant operating conditions. Furthermore the effect on MUF and LEMUF produced by changing plant operating procedures and measurement techniques may also be examined. A sample calculation simulating one inventory period of the plant's operation is included

Recent Updates to the MELCOR 1.8.2 Code for ITER Applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merrill, Brad J

2007-05-01

This report documents recent changes made to the MELCOR 1.8.2 computer code for application to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), as required by ITER Task Agreement ITA 81-18. There are four areas of change documented by this report. The first area is the addition to this code of a model for transporting HTO. The second area is the updating of the material oxidation correlations to match those specified in the ITER Safety Analysis Data List (SADL). The third area replaces a modification to an aerosol tranpsort subroutine that specified the nominal aerosol density internally with one that now allows the user to specify this density through user input. The fourth area corrected an error that existed in an air condensation subroutine of previous versions of this modified MELCOR code. The appendices of this report contain FORTRAN listings of the coding for these modifications.

Recent Updates to the MELCOR 1.8.2 Code for ITER Applications

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Merrill, Brad J

2007-04-01

This report documents recent changes made to the MELCOR 1.8.2 computer code for application to the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), as required by ITER Task Agreement ITA 81-18. There are four areas of change documented by this report. The first area is the addition to this code of a model for transporting HTO. The second area is the updating of the material oxidation correlations to match those specified in the ITER Safety Analysis Data List (SADL). The third area replaces a modification to an aerosol tranpsort subroutine that specified the nominal aerosol density internally with one that now allows the user to specify this density through user input. The fourth area corrected an error that existed in an air condensation subroutine of previous versions of this modified MELCOR code. The appendices of this report contain FORTRAN listings of the coding for these modifications.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Mireku-Gyimah, D. Vol 11 (2010) - Articles Symbolism of umat's emblem, flag and ceremonial mace - conglomeration of the university's essence and aspirations. Abstract PDF · Vol 15, No 1 (2015) - Articles A Spatio-Temporal Based Estimation of Sequestered Carbon in the Tarkwa Mining Area of Ghana Abstract PDF · Vol ...

Ghana Mining Journal - Vol 11 (2010)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Symbolism of umat's emblem, flag and ceremonial mace - conglomeration of the university's essence and aspirations · EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT EMAIL FREE FULL TEXT · DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT. M.F Annku, D Mireku-Gyimah. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v11i1.53275 ...

Maintaining scale as a realiable computational system for criticality safety analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bowmann, S.M.; Parks, C.V.; Martin, S.K.

1995-01-01

Accurate and reliable computational methods are essential for nuclear criticality safety analyses. The SCALE (Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation) computer code system was originally developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to enable users to easily set up and perform criticality safety analyses, as well as shielding, depletion, and heat transfer analyses. Over the fifteen-year life of SCALE, the mainstay of the system has been the criticality safety analysis sequences that have featured the KENO-IV and KENO-V.A Monte Carlo codes and the XSDRNPM one-dimensional discrete-ordinates code. The criticality safety analysis sequences provide automated material and problem-dependent resonance processing for each criticality calculation. This report details configuration management which is essential because SCALE consists of more than 25 computer codes (referred to as modules) that share libraries of commonly used subroutines. Changes to a single subroutine in some cases affect almost every module in SCALE exclamation point Controlled access to program source and executables and accurate documentation of modifications are essential to maintaining SCALE as a reliable code system. The modules and subroutine libraries in SCALE are programmed by a staff of approximately ten Code Managers. The SCALE Software Coordinator maintains the SCALE system and is the only person who modifies the production source, executables, and data libraries. All modifications must be authorized by the SCALE Project Leader prior to implementation

HARMONI KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL BEDA AGAMA DAN ALIRAN DI KUDUS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moh Rosyid

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Terjadinya konflik antar dan intern umat beragama menghiasi pemberitaan media massa cetak dan elektronik setiap jengkal detik di negeri ini. Konflik tersebut dipicu oleh hal-hal yang sangat sederhana hingga persoalan besar di tengah masyarakat. Bahkan, sudah menjadi kelaziman jika sebuah desa terdapat multi-pemeluk agama atau aliran dalam agama, sudah hampir dipastikan yang terjadi konflik, baik konflik terbuka, semi terbuka, maupun konflik tertutup. Hal tersebut bukan berarti terjadi pukul rata bahwa selalu terjadi konflik jika terdapat sebuah komunitas yang terdapat multi-pemeluk agama. Sebagaimana terjadi di Desa Colo, Kecamatan Dawe, Kabupaten Kudus pada 2012, warga berjumlah 4.327 jiwa, mayoritas muslim, umat Kristiani 16 orang , Buddhis 40 orang , dan pemeluk aliran Ahmadiyah 14 KK yang berada di satu kelurahan dan masing-masing memiliki tempat ibadah yang saling berdekatan, tetapi penuh dengan kedamaian. Interaksi yang positif terwujud di Desa Colo karena terciptanya harmoni interaksi sosial, terwujudnya empati sosial, dan terantisipasinya perilaku agresif. Semua itu terwujud karena kesamaan kepentingan untuk menjunjung tinggi kesederajatan sebagai sesama umat manusia. Faktor pendukung kerukunan terwujud karena antar pemeluk agama dan atau intern agama yang berbeda aliran terdapat hubungan persaudaraan (genealogis, terjadi simbiosis mutualisme di bidang perekonomian, pemahaman dalam batin antar pemeluk agama dan atau intern agama yang berbeda aliran diwujudkan dalam kehidupan dengan mengedepankan persamaan kebutuhan dan menafikan konflik yang dipicu oleh perbedaan keyakinan dan agama, pola pikir antar pemeluk agama dan atau intern agama yang berbeda aliran terjauhkan dari sikap negatif. Tidak terjadi konflik antar pemeluk agama dan aliran karena tidak adanya loko dan pemicu konflik, sumber konflik tertangani, perilaku agresif yang terantisipasi, dan faktor pemicu kekerasan teredam. Kerukunan sebagai kebutuhan bersama yang difasilitasi

EGM2008

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Nana Kwasi Peprah

(EGM2008) – A Case Study ... Ghana's local geodetic reference network which is based on the War Office 1926 ... The study concluded that, the recent geoid model can be applied in UMaT and the ... regional or local geoid models after modelling the differences between the ...... Conference 2009, Salt Lake City, UT USA.

A Modified Johnson-Cook Model for Sheet Metal Forming at Elevated Temperatures and Its Application for Cooled Stress-Strain Curve and Spring-Back Prediction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duc-Toan, Nguyen; Tien-Long, Banh; Young-Suk, Kim; Dong-Won, Jung

2011-01-01

In this study, a modified Johnson-Cook (J-C) model and an innovated method to determine (J-C) material parameters are proposed to predict more correctly stress-strain curve for tensile tests in elevated temperatures. A MATLAB tool is used to determine material parameters by fitting a curve to follow Ludwick's hardening law at various elevated temperatures. Those hardening law parameters are then utilized to determine modified (J-C) model material parameters. The modified (J-C) model shows the better prediction compared to the conventional one. As the first verification, an FEM tensile test simulation based on the isotropic hardening model for boron sheet steel at elevated temperatures was carried out via a user-material subroutine, using an explicit finite element code, and compared with the measurements. The temperature decrease of all elements due to the air cooling process was then calculated when considering the modified (J-C) model and coded to VUMAT subroutine for tensile test simulation of cooling process. The modified (J-C) model showed the good agreement between the simulation results and the corresponding experiments. The second investigation was applied for V-bending spring-back prediction of magnesium alloy sheets at elevated temperatures. Here, the combination of proposed J-C model with modified hardening law considering the unusual plastic behaviour for magnesium alloy sheet was adopted for FEM simulation of V-bending spring-back prediction and shown the good comparability with corresponding experiments.

A photoneutron production option for MCNP4A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gallmeier, F.X.

1996-01-01

A photoneutron production option was implemented in the MCNP4A code, mainly to supply a tool for reactor shielding calculations in beryllium and heavy water environments of complicated three dimensional geometries. Subroutines were developed to calculate the probability of the photoneutron production at the photon collision sites and the energy and flight direction of the created photoneutrons with the help of user supplied data. These subroutines are accessed through subroutine colidp which processes the photon collisions

Implementation of a finite element analysis procedure for structural analysis of shape memory behaviour of fibre reinforced shape memory polymer composites

Science.gov (United States)

Azzawi, Wessam Al; Epaarachchi, J. A.; Islam, Mainul; Leng, Jinsong

2017-12-01

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) offer a unique ability to undergo a substantial shape deformation and subsequently recover the original shape when exposed to a particular external stimulus. Comparatively low mechanical properties being the major drawback for extended use of SMPs in engineering applications. However the inclusion of reinforcing fibres in to SMPs improves mechanical properties significantly while retaining intrinsic shape memory effects. The implementation of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) in any engineering application is a unique task which requires profound materials and design optimization. However currently available analytical tools have critical limitations to undertake accurate analysis/simulations of SMPC structures and slower derestrict transformation of breakthrough research outcomes to real-life applications. Many finite element (FE) models have been presented. But majority of them require a complicated user-subroutines to integrate with standard FE software packages. Furthermore, those subroutines are problem specific and difficult to use for a wider range of SMPC materials and related structures. This paper presents a FE simulation technique to model the thermomechanical behaviour of the SMPCs using commercial FE software ABAQUS. Proposed technique incorporates material time-dependent viscoelastic behaviour. The ability of the proposed technique to predict the shape fixity and shape recovery was evaluated by experimental data acquired by a bending of a SMPC cantilever beam. The excellent correlation between the experimental and FE simulation results has confirmed the robustness of the proposed technique.

Advanced numerical description of the behavior of 700 C steam power plant components

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Maile, K. [Materialpruefungsanstalt, Univ. Stuttgart (Germany); Schmidt, K.; Roos, E.; Klenk, A.; Speicher, M.

2009-07-01

To make full use of the strength potential of new boiler materials like the new 9-11% Cr steels and nickel based alloys, taking into account their specific stress-strain relaxation behavior, new design methods are required in the design of today's power plants. Highly loaded components are approaching more and more the classical design limits with regard to critical wall thicknesses and the related tolerable thermal gradients, due to planed increases of steam parameters like steam pressure and steam temperature. ''Design by analysis'' can be realized by modern state of the art Numerical Finite Element (FE) simulation codes and in some cases by the use of user defined advanced inelastic material laws. These material laws have to be adjusted to specific material behavior of new boiler materials. To model the strain and stress situation in components under high temperature loading, a constitutive equation based on a Graham-Walles approach is used in this paper. Furthermore essential steps and recommendations to implement experimental data in the user defined subroutines and the subsequent integration of the subroutines in modern FE codes like ABAQUS trademark and ANSYS trademark are given. As an example, the results of FE simulations of components like hollow cylinders and waterwall like components made of Alloy 617 or 9-11% Cr steels are discussed and verified with experimental results. In a last step, the successful application of the developed creep equation will be demonstrated by calculating the creep strains and stress relaxation of a P92 steam header under constant loading. (orig.)

Evaluation of ITER design criteria applied to RAFM steels. Final report tasks - TW2-TTMS-005b, D2 and TW5-TTMS-005, D8

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sunyk, R.; Aktaa, J.

2006-08-01

In the first line, the aim of the activity represented in this work is an application of two advanced material models to a simulation of the test blanket module (TBM) undergoing cyclic thermal and mechanical loadings. The first model is thereby the ABAQUS standard combined non-linear isotropic-kinematic hardening model whereas the second is a viscoplastic material model considering material damage and being newly implemented as an ABAQUS user material (UMAT). Material parameters for both models are adjusted using results of isothermal tensile and cyclic experiments performed at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (FZK) on EUROFER 97. As is generally known, EUROFER 97 is an important blanket material for the future fusion reactor and belongs to reduced activation ferriticmartensitic steels (RAFM), which soften under cyclic loading in contrast to austenitic steels exhibiting cyclic hardening. Moreover, the work is focused on the application of some existing design rules considered for austenitic steels and further evaluation of the rules by comparison of their predictions with results of cyclic simulations using the advanced material models mentioned above. Thereby, some important allowable stress limits are calculated under consideration of the cyclic softening of RAFM. Finally, new considerations concerning a mock-up experiment allowing to verify the advanced material models used in the present work and to assess a capability of the actual TBM design are represented here. (orig.) [de

UANG DAN FUNGSINYA (Sebuah Telaah Historis dalam Islam

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wahyuddin Wahyuddin

2009-06-01

Full Text Available Konsep uang dalam ekonomi Islam berbeda dengan ekonomi konvensional. Dalam ekonomi Islam, konsep uang sangat jelas dan tegas bahwa uang adalah uang, uang bukan capital. Sebaliknya, konsep uang yang dikemukakan dalam ekonomi konvensional tidak jelas. seringkali istilah uang dalam perspektif ekonomi konvensional diartikan secara bolak-balik, yaitu uang sebagai uang dan uang sebagai capital. Kata nuqud (uang tidak terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an maupun hadist Nabi saw, karena bangsa Arab umumnya tidak menggunakan kata nuqud untuk menunjukan harga. Mereka menggunakan kata dinar untuk menunjukan mata uang yang terbuat dari emas, kata dirham untuk menunjukan alat tukar yang terbuat dari perak. Mereka juga menggunakan kata wariq untuk menunjukan dirham perak, kata ‘ain untuk menunjukan dinar emas. Sedang kata fulus (uang tembaga adalah alat tukar tambahan yang digunakan untuk membeli barang-barang murah. Bahwa uang yang digunakan oleh umat islam pada masa Rasulullah adalah dirham perak Persia dan dinar emas Romawi dalam bentuk aslinya, tanpa mengalami pengubahan atau pemberian tanda tertentu. Rasulullah pun tidak pernah membuat uang khusus untuk umat Islam. Dengan kata lain, pada masa itu belum ada apa yang disebut dengan “uang Islam”. Sejarah mencatat bahwa selain uang emas dan perak murni berlaku pula jenis uang lain, yaitu uang emas dan perak campuran, fulus, dan uang kertas. Uang campuran tersebut pada mulanya beredar secara terbatas, kemudian beredar secara luas terutama setelah Khalifah al-Mutawakkil dan memberlakukannya secara resmi. Namun demikian mata uang emas dan perak murni tetap berlaku sebagai mata uang resmi dan paling banyak beredar. Selanjutnya, sejalan dengan perkembangan kehidupan ekonomi dan keterbatasan persediaan emas dan perak, umat Islam sedikit demi sedikit meninggalkan emas dan perak beralih menggunakan uang campuran dan akhirnya menggunakan fulus

RELASI ISLAM, NEGARA, DAN PANCASILA DALAM PERSPEKTIF TATA HUKUM INDONESIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hamdan Zoelva

2012-12-01

Full Text Available There aredifferences of opinion in looking at the relationship between religion and state. Some proposed that the state should be based on religion (Islam and others have argued the opposite, the state should be separated from the religion (secular nationalism. The debate is considered complete after the Jakarta Charter formula was agreed, although it was annulled after the legalization of the Constitution on August 18, 1945. History shows that Muslims sacrifice for this country is invaluable both in terms of physical struggle (body and soul and ideological (Islamic values. So that, returning authority to the Muslim community to determine the direction of development of the country has become a necessity. Through this article, the author would like to express a new form of moral calling on Muslims to contribute to this country, some of them with sincerity impose Islamic lawinto national law. Terdapat perbedaan pendapat dalam memandang hubungan agama dan negara. Ada yang berpendapat negara  harus  berdasarkan  pada  agama  (Islam  dan  ada  yang  berpendapat sebaliknya,  bahwa negara  harus  dipisah  dari  agama  (nasionalisme  sekuler.  Perdebatan dianggap selesai setelah disepakati rumusan Piagam Jakarta, meskipun kemudian dianulir setelah  disahkannya  UUD  tanggal  18  Agustus  1945.  Sejarah  ini  menunjukkan  bahwa pengorbanan umat Islam untuk negeri ini tidak ternilai harganya baik ditinjau dari segi perjuangan fisik (jiwa raga maupun ideologis (nilai-nilai keislaman. Dari pengorbanan tersebut,  mengembalikan  kewenangan  kepada  umat Islam  untuk  menentukan  arah pembangunan negara ini menjadi keniscayaan. Karena itu melalui tema ini, penulis ingin mengungkapkan bentuk baru panggilan moral umat Islam untuk memberikan konstribusi terhadap negeri ini, yaitu diantaranya melalui keikhlasan memberlakukan hukum Islam ke dalam hukum nasional.

PENGEMBANGAN USAHA MIKRO UNTUK PEMBERDAYAAN UMAT ISLAM DI KOTA MEDAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raihanah Daulay

2016-06-01

Full Text Available The Development of Micro Entrepreneurship in Muslim Economy Empowerment in the City of Medan. Of the 260 million of the total population of Indonesia was dominated by Muslims, with a poverty rate of 13.5%. The data indirectly demonstrate that the condition of Muslims economy is still under poverty. This article examines the development of Muslims micro economic empowerment in Medan. This article found that constraints development of economic community are the structural constraints, so that economic empowerment must be done through structural changes in order to facilitate their concept in developing micro economic. As such, they can be highly competitive in order to boost the economy. Finally, Muslims can help one another in economy in order to live more properly. The Muslim economic empowerment can be done through the development of micro enterprises by providing solutions to any problems that encountered, providing knowledge on how to develop micro economic that have been done, and to motivate and increase entrepreneurship skills through the application of entrepreneurial programs.

Author Details

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Annku, M.F. Vol 11 (2010) - Articles Symbolism of umat's emblem, flag and ceremonial mace - conglomeration of the university's essence and aspirations. Abstract PDF. ISSN: 0855-210X. AJOL African Journals Online. HOW TO USE AJOL... for Researchers · for Librarians · for Authors · FAQ's · More about AJOL · AJOL's ...

Modelling of Rigid-Body and Elastic Aircraft Dynamics for Flight Control Development.

Science.gov (United States)

1986-06-01

AMAT MATSAV AUGMENT MI NV BMAT MMULT EVAL RLPLOT FASTCHG STABDER The subroutines are fairly well commented so that a person familiar with the theory...performed as in a typical flutter solution. C C Subroutine BMAT computes the B matrix from the forcing function C matrix Q. B is a function of dynamic...and BMAT multiplies matrices. C This is used to form the A and B matrices. C C Subroutine EVAL computes the eigenvalues of the A matrix C The

A modular finite-element model (MODFE) for areal and axisymmetric ground-water-flow problems, Part 3: Design philosophy and programming details

Science.gov (United States)

Torak, L.J.

1993-01-01

A MODular Finite-Element, digital-computer program (MODFE) was developed to simulate steady or unsteady-state, two-dimensional or axisymmetric ground-water-flow. The modular structure of MODFE places the computationally independent tasks that are performed routinely by digital-computer programs simulating ground-water flow into separate subroutines, which are executed from the main program by control statements. Each subroutine consists of complete sets of computations, or modules, which are identified by comment statements, and can be modified by the user without affecting unrelated computations elsewhere in the program. Simulation capabilities can be added or modified by either adding or modifying subroutines that perform specific computational tasks, and the modular-program structure allows the user to create versions of MODFE that contain only the simulation capabilities that pertain to the ground-water problem of interest. MODFE is written in a Fortran programming language that makes it virtually device independent and compatible with desk-top personal computers and large mainframes. MODFE uses computer storage and execution time efficiently by taking advantage of symmetry and sparseness within the coefficient matrices of the finite-element equations. Parts of the matrix coefficients are computed and stored as single-subscripted variables, which are assembled into a complete coefficient just prior to solution. Computer storage is reused during simulation to decrease storage requirements. Descriptions of subroutines that execute the computational steps of the modular-program structure are given in tables that cross reference the subroutines with particular versions of MODFE. Programming details of linear and nonlinear hydrologic terms are provided. Structure diagrams for the main programs show the order in which subroutines are executed for each version and illustrate some of the linear and nonlinear versions of MODFE that are possible. Computational aspects of

Numerical software support for the fusion energy program at Oak Ridge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaffney, P.W.

1978-01-01

The two main subroutine libraries used by the computer science group are (1) the Numerical Algorithms Group Library and (2) The Harwell Subroutine Library. A list of the software obtained for use at ORNL is given

A User’s/Programmer’s Manual for TWAKE.

Science.gov (United States)

1988-05-06

subroutines sorted according to primary function Inout OutDut Utjiitv Ean. Solve LDDOEL CALORD GETBAT ASSMAT EDATA COMOC LINKI ASMSQ BDINPT DRVBUG LINK2 BANCHO...beginning at the left most node (no. 1) and continuing to the last node in that row (no. 19). IBORD LEFT 2 BOTTOM 2 RIGHT 2 TOP 2 DONE LINKI 2 T call...LINK1 3 T GEOMFL Call SUBROUTINE NODELM again to compute element thickness and area from data calculated in GEOMFL. LINKI 2 T NODELM Call SUBROUTINE

Experience in programming Assembly language of CDC CYBER 170/750 computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Caldeira, A.D.

1987-10-01

Aiming to optimize processing time of BCG computer code in the CDC CYBER 170/750 computer, the FORTRAN-V language of INTERP subroutine was converted to Assembly language. The BCG code was developed for solving neutron transport equation by iterative method, and the INTERP subroutine is innermost loop of the code carrying out 5 interpolation types. The central processor unit Assembly language of the CDC CYBER 170/750 computer and its application in implementing the interpolation subroutine of BCG code are described. (M.C.K.)

Material Property Correlations: Comparisons between FRAPCON-3.4, FRAPTRAN 1.4, and MATPRO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Luscher, Walter G.; Geelhood, Kenneth J.

2010-08-01

Sections 3 and 4, respectively. In addition to describing the material property correlations used in the subroutines of FRAPCON-3 and FRAPTRAN, this report also provides a variety of comparisons between material property correlations and data. Although they are frequently identical, comparisons are made between the material property correlations used in the FRAPCON-3 and FRAPTRAN codes. Comparisons are also made between the material property correlations used in MATPRO, a compilation of fuel and cladding material property correlations with an extensive history of used with various fuel performance and severe accident codes. For a number of reasons, consistency between the material property correlations in FRAPCON-3, FRAPTRAN, and MATPRO has never been complete. However, the current versions of FRAPCON-3 and FRAPTRAN use a relatively consistent set of correlations for the properties that are used by both codes. The material property correlations in the most recent version of MATPRO are documented in Volume 4 of NUREG/CR-6150. In addition to comparison of the various correlations, correlation-to-data comparisons are also made with FRAPCON-3, FRAPTRAN, and MATPRO. All comparisons made in this report are based on the material property correlations used in the most recent version of the FRAPCON-3 and FRAPTRAN codes, FRAPCON-3.4 and FRAPTRAN 1.4. The source code for each material property correlation discussed will be provided for FRAPCON-3.4 and FRAPTRAN 1.4 (see appendix) as well as a range of applicability and an estimate of uncertainty where possible.

PBDOWN: A computer code for simulation of core material discharge and expansion in the upper coolant plenum in a hypothetical unprotected loss of flow accident in a LMFBR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Royl, P.

1985-01-01

The report gives a description of the code PBDOWN (Pool Blow Down), its equations, input specifications and subroutines and it lists the input and output for some samples. Besides that some analysis results for the SNR-300 are discussed, that were obtained with this code. PBDOWN is an integral blow-down and expansion code, which simulates core material discharge and expansion into a sodium filled upper coolant plenum after build-up of vapour pressures in an unprotected loss of flow accident. The model includes the effect of sodium entrainment into an expending bubble of fuel or steel vapour with various assumptions for the heat transfer and vaporization of the entrained sodium droplets. The expanding vapour bubble is connected to the discharging pool via an orifice of a given size through which a time dependent ejection is simulated using quasi-stationary blow down correlations. The model allows bounding analysis of the possible influence of sodium vapour as a secondary working fluid, that is activated outside the pool on the overall expansion energy and discharge

Therapeutic Nanodevices

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Stephen; Ruegsegger, Mark; Barnes, Philip; Smith, Bryan; Ferrari, Mauro

Therapeutic nanotechnology offers minimally invasive therapies with high densities of function concentrated in small volumes, features that may reduce patient morbidity and mortality. Unlike other areas of nanotechnology, novel physical properties associated with nanoscale dimensionality are not the raison d'être of therapeutic nanotechnology, whereas the aggregation of multiple biochemical (or comparably precise) functions into controlled nanoarchitectures is. Multifunctionality is a hallmark of emerging nanotherapeutic devices, and multifunctionality can allow nanotherapeutic devices to perform multistep work processes, with each functional component contributing to one or more nanodevice subroutine such that, in aggregate, subroutines sum to a cogent work process. Cannonical nanotherapeutic subroutines include tethering (targeting) to sites of disease, dispensing measured doses of drug (or bioactive compound), detection of residual disease after therapy and communication with an external clinician/operator. Emerging nanotherapeutics thus blur the boundaries between medical devices and traditional pharmaceuticals. Assembly of therapeutic nanodevices generally exploits either (bio)material self-assembly properties or chemoselective bioconjugation techniques, or both. Given the complexity, composition, and the necessity for their tight chemical and structural definition inherent in the nature of nanotherapeutics, their cost of goods (COGs) might exceed that of (already expensive) biologics. Early therapeutic nanodevices will likely be applied to disease states which exhibit significant unmet patient need (cancer and cardiovascular disease), while application to other disease states well-served by conventional therapy may await perfection of nanotherapeutic design and assembly protocols.

FORTRAN routines for calculating water thermodynamic properties for use in transient thermal-hydraulics codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Green, C.

1979-12-01

A set of FORTRAN subroutines is described for calculating water thermodynamic properties. These were written for use in a transient thermal-hydraulics program, where speed of execution is paramount. The choice of which subroutines to optimise depends on the primary variables in the thermal-hydraulics code. In this particular case the subroutine which has been optimised is the one which calculates pressure and specific enthalpy given the specific volume and the specific internal energy. Another two subroutines are described which complete a self-consistent set. These calculate the specific volume and the temperature given the pressure and the specific enthalpy, and the specific enthalpy and the specific volume given the pressure and the temperature (or the quality). The accuracy is high near the saturation lines, typically less than 1% relative error, and decreases as the fluid becomes more subcooled in the liquid region or more superheated in the steam region. This behaviour is inherent in the method which uses quantities defined on the saturation lines and assumes that certain derivatives are constant for excursions away from these saturation lines. The accuracy and speed of the subroutines are discussed in detail in this report. (author)

A Study on Compressive Anisotropy and Nonassociated Flow Plasticity of the AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in Hot Rolling

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guoqiang Wang

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Effect of anisotropy in compression is studied on hot rolling of AZ31 magnesium alloy with a three-dimensional constitutive model based on the quadratic Hill48 yield criterion and nonassociated flow rule (non-AFR. The constitutive model is characterized by compressive tests of AZ31 billets since plastic deformations of materials are mostly caused by compression during rolling processes. The characterized plasticity model is implemented into ABAQUS/Explicit as a user-defined material subroutine (VUMAT based on semi-implicit backward Euler's method. The subroutine is employed to simulate square-bar rolling processes. The simulation results are compared with rolled specimens and those predicted by the von Mises and the Hill48 yield function under AFR. Moreover, strip rolling is also simulated for AZ31 with the Hill48 yield function under non-AFR. The strip rolling simulation demonstrates that the lateral spread generated by the non-AFR model is in good agreement with experimental data. These comparisons between simulation and experiments validate that the proposed Hill48 yield function under non-AFR provides satisfactory description of plastic deformation behavior in hot rolling for AZ31 alloys in case that the anisotropic parameters in the Hill48 yield function and the non-associated flow rule are calibrated by the compressive experimental results.

DISPPAK SUBPAK, MS FORTRAN Extended Subroutine Library

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langer, S.

1991-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: DISPPAK is a set of routines for use with Microsoft FORTRAN programs that allows the flexible display of information on the screen of an IBM PC in both text and graphics modes. The text mode routines allow the cursor to be placed at an arbitrary point on the screen and text to be displayed at the cursor location, making it possible to create menus and other structured displays. A routine to set the color of the characters that these routines display is also provided. A set of line drawing routines is included for use with IBM's Color Graphics Adapter or an equivalent board (such as the Enhanced Graphics Adapter in CGA emulation mode). These routines support both pixel coordinates and a user-specified set of real number coordinates. SUBPAK is a function library which allows Microsoft FORTRAN programs to calculate random numbers, issue calls to the operating system, read individual characters from the keyboard, perform Boolean and shift operations, and communicate with the I/O ports of the IBM PC. In addition, peek and poke routines, a routine that returns the address of any variable, and routines that can access the system time and date are included. 2 - Method of solution: For the DISPPAK line drawing routines, the user selects a fraction of the screen to use for plotting, chooses the coordinates that refer to the lower-left and upper-right corners, and decides whether the mapping should be linear or logarithmic. Lines are then drawn between endpoints defined in terms of the user coordinate system. Out-of-range coordinates are forced to the border of the window before the line is drawn. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: No support is provided for filled areas or text

URSULA2 computer program. Volume 3. User's manual. Final report

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Singhal, A.K.

1980-01-01

This report is intended to provide documentation for the users of the URSULA2 code so that they can appreciate its important features such as: code structure, flow chart, grid notations, coding style, usage of secondary storage and its interconnection with the input preparation program (Reference H3201/4). Subroutines and subprograms have been divided into four functional groups. The functions of all subroutines have been explained with particular emphasis on the control subroutine (MAIN) and the data input subroutine (BLOCK DATA). Computations for the flow situations similar to the reference case can be performed simply by making alterations in BLOCK DATA. Separate guides for the preparation of input data and for the interpretation of program output have been provided. Furthermore, two appendices; one for the URSULA2 listing and the second for the glossary of FORTRAN variables, are included to make this report self-sufficient

Ставка на молодость / Борис Тух

Index Scriptorium Estoniae

Тух, Борис, 1946-

2007-01-01

Vene Teatrist, selle lähiajaloost, Aleksandr Iljini ja Eduard Tomani juhtimisstiilist, uuest peanäitejuhist Mihhail Tšumatšenkost ja 2006. a. teatrisse tulnud noortest näitlejatest, Moskva Kunstiteatri koolstuudio lõpetajatest. Pikemalt Aljona Anohhina lavastusest "Palat nr. 6" Anton Tšehhovi järgi ja Poliina Stružkova lastelavastusest "Kuningas Rästahabe" vendade Grimmide muinasjutu järgi

Simulation of Valve Operation for Flow Interrupt Test in Nuclear Power Plant

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Jae Hyung; Shin, Dae Yong; Shin, Dong Woo; Kim, Charn Jung; Lee, Jung Hee

2012-01-01

The valve used in nuclear power plant must be qualified for the function according to the KEPIC MF. The test valve must be selected by shape and size, which is given by KEPIC MF. In the functional test, the mathematical model for the valve operation is needed. The mathematical model must be verified by the test, whose method and procedure is defined in KEPIC MF. The lack of analytical technique has lead to the poor mathematical model, with which the functional test for the big valve is impossible with analytical method. Especially, the tank and rupture disk in the flow test is not considered and the result of the analysis is so different to the real one. In these days, the 3D model for the flow interrupt test makes more accurate analysis. And no facility about functional test reduces the research will for the nuclear power plant valve. For this problem, the test facility for the functional test of the valve and pump in nuclear power plant has been made until 2012. With the test facility, the research project related the valve were initiated in KIMM( Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials). And the joint project to SNU(Seoul National University) has been going on the numerical analysis for the valve in nuclear power plant. Using the commercial software and user subroutine, UDF, the co-simulation with multi-body dynamic and fluid flow analysis and the addition of tank and rupture disk to the user subroutine make possible to simulate the flow interrupt test numerically. This is not simple and regular analysis, which was introduced in user subroutine. In order to simulate the real situation, the engineering work, related mathematical model, and the programming in the user subroutine are needed. This study is on the making the mathematical model for the functional test of the valve in nuclear power plan. The functional test is the real test procedure and defined in KEPIC MF

WASTES: Wastes system transportation and economic simulation: Version 2, Programmer's reference manual

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Buxbaum, M.E.; Shay, M.R.

1986-11-01

The WASTES Version II (WASTES II) Programmer's Reference Manual was written to document code development activities performed under the Monitored Retrievable Storage (MRS) Program at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The manual will also serve as a valuable tool for programmers involved in maintenance of and updates to the WASTES II code. The intended audience for this manual are experienced FORTRAN programmers who have only a limited knowledge of nuclear reactor operation, the nuclear fuel cycle, or nuclear waste management practices. It is assumed that the readers of this manual have previously reviewed the WASTES II Users Guide published as PNL Report 5714. The WASTES II code is written in FORTRAN 77 as an extension to the SLAM commercial simulation package. The model is predominately a FORTRAN based model that makes extensive use of the SLAM file maintenance and time management routines. This manual documents the general manner in which the code is constructed and the interactions between SLAM and the WASTES subroutines. The functionality of each of the major WASTES subroutines is illustrated with ''block flow'' diagrams. The basic function of each of these subroutines, the algorithms used in them, and a discussion of items of particular note in the subroutine are reviewed in this manual. The items of note may include an assumption, a coding practice that particularly applies to a subroutine, or sections of the code that are particularly intricate or whose mastery may be difficult. The appendices to the manual provide extensive detail on the use of arrays, subroutines, included common blocks, parameters, variables, and files

Computation of Propagation Speed and Reflection of Axially Symmetric Waves in Composite Cylinders, with Application to Impedance Tube and Calibrator.

Science.gov (United States)

1982-08-25

hoth real and complex; and () compute the propagation speed in the acoustic cal Ibr:ator. (continued on reverse) DD IARM3 1473 EDITION OF I NOVSSIS...FORMAT (3F15.0) 0131 GO TO 230 0132 690 CONTINUE 0133 END 50 *> SUBROUTINES SUBROUTINE: DET C C SUBROUTINE DET C DECEMBER, 1980 C EDITED BY TINA RUGGIERO...33 AISA =AKDA/BAMS 0008 02A=AKA**’-AKDA**2 0009 S2A=AKA**2-AKSA**2 0010 IF (RHM) 65P65P40 0011 40 AKFA-AKDA/COCD 0012 OF2A-AKA**2-AKFA**2 0013 IF (OF2A

Relevansi Sistem Khilafah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI Dengan Sistem Negara Islam Modern

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammadin Muhammadin

2016-12-01

Full Text Available Hizbut Tahrir adalah organisasi politik Islam yang independen. Organisasinya memiliki kekhasan seperti; berasaskan syari’at Islam, ide dan aksi politiknya bukan politik praktis tetapi politik-ideologis, konseptual, rasionalis dan non-kekerasan. Hizbut Tahrir mengkonsepsikan politik sebagai al-ri’ayah al-syuuni al-ummah; tanggung jawab untuk menguasai kepentingan dan kemaslahatan umat. Sebab itu, pemikiran dan aktivitasnya dimantapkan pada tataran politik sebagai wujud pelaksanaan urusan umat. Dalam konteks gerakan pendirian khilafah menurut Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia ada dua. Pertama, gagasan-gagasan tentang sistem pemerintahan Islam harus berbentuk khilafah artinya bukan berbentuk republik, diktator, kekaisaran, monarkhi, federal atau sistem demokrasi; pilar-pilar pemerintahan Islam harus ditegakkan atas dasar kedaulatan di tangan syara’, kekuasaan hanyalah milik umat, mengangkat satu khalifah hukumnya wajib dan hanya Khalifah yang berhak mengadopsi terhadap hukum-hukum syara’; struktur lembaga negara Khilafah harus ada Khalifah, Muawin at Tafwidh, Mu’awin at Tanfidz, Wali, Amir al Jihad, Al Qadhi, Mashalih Daulah,  dan Majelis Umat; rancangan undang-undang dasar dan sistem Islam memiliki keunggulan-keunggulan di bidang politik, ekonomi, pendidikan, pergaulan dan pidana.  Kedua, strategi Hizbut Tahrir dalam upaya penegakan Khilafah berupa pembinaan intensif melalui halqah-halqah; pembinaan umum melalui pengajian-pengajian umum di masjid-masjid, gedung-gedung dan tempat-tempat umum, melalui media massa, buku-buku dan selebaran-selebaran dan penerbitan majalah bulanan dan bulletin mingguan; pergolakan pemikiran untuk menentang kepercayaan, aturan dan pemikiran-pemikiran kufur; perjuangan politik berbentuk berjuang menghadapi negara kafir imperialis yang menguasai dan mendominasi negara-negara Islam, mengadopsi kemaslahatan umat dan melayani seluruh urusannya sesuai dengan hukum-hukum syara’. Sistem khilafah tetap relevan dengan sistem

Aspects of Raman scattering and other effects on laser propagation through the atmosphere. Summary of work for the period, May 5, 1986-June 13, 1986

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ipser, J.R.

1986-08-01

The propagation of laser beams through the atmosphere is discussed. Processes which are pertinent are Raman scattering, self-focusing of beams, and two-photon absorption. Comments on the subroutine PRAMAN are given in the appendix. This subroutine calculates the effect of stimulated Raman scattering in the atmosphere

PEMIKIRAN DAN PERGERAKAN PAN ISLAMISME DI INDONESIA PADA AWAL ABAD KE-20

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Abdul Somad

2015-11-01

Full Text Available Tulisan ini mengambil topik tentang wacana pemikiran dan gerakan Pan Islamisme di Indonesia pada perempat pertama abad ke-20. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah bagaimana konsepsi Pan Islamisme menurut kaum muslim Indonesia dan bagaimana bentuk aksi-aksi Pan Islamisme yang pernah mereka lakukan, baik dalam negeri maupun di luar negeri.Metode yang dipakai dalam penulisan tulisan ini adalah metode sejarah. Metode ini meliputi empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi.Pemikiran dan gerakan Pan Islamisme di Indonesia dilandasi oleh kesadaran kaum muslim untuk mewujudkan persatuan dan kesatuan umat Islam. Di dalam negeri, keinginan itu diupayakan dalam Kongres Al-Islam Hindia Timur. Dalam kongres ini berkumpul sejumlah organisasi massa Islam. Mereka melakukan dialog keagamaan guna mencari akar-akar persamaan di antara mereka, dan memahami perbedaan masing-masing dalam soal-soal agama yang bersifat cabang. Sementara itu, di luar negeri, kaum muslim Indonesia merasa perlu melibatkan diri dalam pergerakan khilafah dan persoalan tanah suci Makkah-Madinah yang dibicarakan pada tahun 1926 lewat Kongres Islam Sedunia yang di selenggarakan di Timur Tengah. Keterlibatan mereka dalam persoalan-persoalan Dunia Islam ini sebagai bagian dari usaha kaum muslim Indonesia untuk turut aktif dalam mempersatukan umat Islam sedunia.

Recent developments in the Sesame equation-of-state library

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bennett, B.I.; Johnson, J.D.; Kerley, G.I.; Rood, G.T.

1978-02-01

The Sesame Library is a computer file of tabular equations of state and other material properties, developed in Group T-4 of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. This report describes some of the theoretical models used in the library, the structure of the data storage and acquisition system, and the computer routines that were developed to access and use the tables in practical applications. It also discusses how non-LASL users can obtain the Sesame data and subroutine libraries

Urgensi Pengaturan Disclosure Requirements sebagai Syarat Aplikasi Hak Paten dalam Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Genetik di Indonesia

OpenAIRE

Cendhayanie, Rara Amalia

2013-01-01

Sumber daya genetik (SDG) merupakan salah satu bagian dari sumber daya hayati (biological resources) dimana SDG mempunyai peranan yang penting sebagai fondasi yang pada intinya untuk menjamin keberlangsungan hidup umat manusia. Keberadaan Negara berkembang salah satunya adalah Indonesia dengan berbagai kekayaan alam dan potensi lainnya seperti SDG menjadi salah satu perhatian penting di tingkat Internasional khususnya dalam hal ini pemanfaatan SDG untuk berbagai kepentingan, yang kian meningk...

PEMBERDAYAAN UMAT ISLAM MELALUI SHADAQAH, ZAKAT, WAQAF SERTA PENDIDIKAN SEPANJANG HAYAT

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Muhamad Umar Fauzi

2016-09-01

Full Text Available ABSTRACT Muslims are the best people of all the groups of human being that Allah created. Among the aspects of the goodness of Muslims are the superior quality of human resources than non-Muslims. The superior quality of Muslims that is referred to in the Qur'an are normative nature, potential, not reality that adhere permanently. The reality of that norm depends on the ability of Muslims themselves to take the advantage of that norm or the potential that Allah has given. But in reality, the human resources of Muslims today have not been able to demonstrate the superior quality. Therefore, in the global arena, both in the political, economic, military, science and technology, have not been able to demonstrate the significant role. So, Muslims should continue their effort to change this situation. Many ways can be done, such as the ways that we can do through the principle of helping each other through activities of Shadaqah, Zakat and Waqaf. In addition, lifelong education should also be done through informal education, formal and non-formal education to improve the quality of Muslims’ life.

Peranan Agama dalam Restorasi Peradaban Umat Islam Menurut Muhammad Fethullah Gulen

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Usman Syihab

2014-11-01

Full Text Available This article examines Muhammad Fethullah Gulen’s thought on the roles of religion in reconstruction of a civilization. The article analyzes the problem anatomy of the Ummah, concepts of civilization, relationship between identity and civilization, religion and its roles in formation of civilization identity, the “essential” conditions for Muslim’s renaissance, and the role of Islamic scholars in the renaissance process. The article reveals Gulen’s idea, that the Muslim’ crises is internal in nature, and not because of others, it is a “liability to be colonize” attitude. Religion has a vital role in construction of a civilization identity. A religion can be pillar of a civilization is a religion that has lofty goals, able to apply moral values, upgrade spiritual quality, and fulfill human’s soul needs. According to Gulen, every civilization has its links with the past and its cultural haritage, and that any attempt to reconstruct a future civilization has to consider its own cultural roots. Thus, a civilization is neither a life adopted from colonials nor values that has been deprived from its own noble values. The article, using philosophical, historical and sociological approaches, tries to analyze the “essential” conditions that able to restore Islamic civilization and spawn Muslim’s renaissance, mainly; a moral-spiritual, b knowledge, c aesthetic, and d love. The article also explains critically the roles and missions of ulamâ in making “resurrection from the grave”, renaissance and total reform of the ummah.

Humanisasi Pendidikan dalam Pembentukan Kesadaran Keberagaman Umat Lintas Agama di Lamongan

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Upik Zainul Abidin

2016-11-01

Full Text Available The discourse of interreligious harmony and tolerance has been widely discussed within countless forums. However, the phenomenon of religious disharmony, which is among other marked with social clashes, has been erroneously manipulated into intergroup conflicts among interreligious adherents. Such interreligious disharmony, viewing from simplistic category, has been commonly caused by two factors. The first is an internal factor, i.e. the factor which influences a person to behave based on his/her understanding to religious doctrines he/she subscribes such as radical-extreme, subjective-fundamental, exclusive, and literal behaviors. The second is an external factor, i.e. hedonistic and opportunistic behaviors. The article seeks to discuss interreligious harmony in the Village of Balun, Turi, Lamongan. The village is a home to three different religions, namely Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism. Regardless of such difference the Balun people have successfully created harmony among them. The study finds that there has been sort of values transformation of humanism education in the village. The values such as human rights, tolerance, solidarity, familial relationship, and social justice are culturally transformed through what so-called the Forum of Solidarity for Balun People (Forum Keakraban Warga Balun/FKWB.

Temperature capability for DTF-IV (DTF-71 version)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varela, D.W.; Philbin, J.S.

1977-05-01

A subroutine has been developed for calculating adiabatic temperature distributions as part of the activity edit in the DTF-IV S/sub N/ neutron transport code. The specific heat input is simple and versatile. The subroutine integrates the specific heat functions and solves for the temperatures which match the energy deposition supplied by the activity edit. There is no heat transfer modeling in the subroutine. The temperatures are only valid for cases where the energy deposition time is compared to the thermal relaxation time of the media. The code can be used, for example, to calculate the initial temperature distributions in certain pulsed reactors or pulsed reactor experiments

EPISTEMOLOGI TASAWUF DALAM PEMIKIRAN FIQH AL-SYA‘RÂNÎ

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Miftahul Huda

2010-12-01

Full Text Available In the study of Islamic law, epistemology constitutes a fundamental aspect of the law upon which the legitimate concept of the law is based. Epistemology becomes the root of debates regarding the truth of legal reasoning among Muslims who often made a truth clam about their own superior episteme. This causes discrepancies amongst them. This dispute was what al-Sya‘rânî found in his time. As a famous jurist, he sought to resolve it and offered a new theory of law. He contends that the arguments underlying the debates about the epistemology of Islamic law flawed. He wants to demonstrate that the arguments do not fit into the tradition of Islamic thought. This study examines al-Sya‘rânî’s thought in the epistemology of Islamic law. It discusses four issues: the valid path to the knowledge about shari’a, kashf as a source of knowledge, the path to the kashf, and the position and relation of reason, tradition and intuition in Islamic law.Abstrak:  Epistemologi merupakan hal yang fundamental karena dari situlah legitimasi dari konsep-konsep hukum syariah bersumber. Di situ pula akar perdebatan tentang kebenaran hasil ijtihad yang sering diklaim secara eksklusif oleh kelompok-kelompok umat Islam sehingga berdampak buruk bagi hubungan dan solidaritas sosial di antara mereka. Fakta seperti itulah yang disaksikan al-Sya‘rânî sepanjang hayatnya. Sebagai faqih terkemuka, dia merasa terpanggil untuk memberikan alternatif solusi teoretik atas masalah ini demi kemaslahatan umat. Setelah melakukan kajian yang panjang, akhirnya dia berkesimpulan bahwa sesungguhnya semua klaim eksklusif tentang kebenaran dan superioritas system episteme tertentu adalah tidak memiliki argumen yang benar-benar meyakinkan, baik dalam tradisi keilmuan umat Islam maupun dalam perspektif  sosiologis. Dalam tulisan ini konsep al-Sya‘rânî mengenai Epistemologi syariah dideskripsikan dalam empat pokok pemikirannya yaitu tentang; jalan yang sah menuju pengetahuan

Rectification And Revival Of Muslim World

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M azram

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The present doldrums position and state of decadence, internal differences, external aggression (geographical and ideological, lack of self-confidence and dependence, illiteracy, political instability, economic disaster, lack of knowledge and wisdom, back benchers in science and technology, education, medicine, trade and business, banking system and defensive incapability of Muslim Ummah prompted me to write this article.  Although most of the Muslim nations got their independence because of their dedicated struggle and historic events and incidents but the old masters remained active for a remote control over the Muslim Ummah.  Their intellectuals and scholars, individually as well as collectively, have propagated and advised their leadership, the tactics and approaches by which Muslim Ummah can again be enslaved.  Writings of S.P. Huntington and F. Fukuyama are clear examples.  They are actively gearing the international institutions so cleverly that Muslim Ummah does not even realize their ill motives and objectives.  They brought their leadership in a confronting position with Muslim Ummah and hence threatening the world peace.  This situation prompted us to look at our principal sources of inspiration, which are, the Qur’an, Sunnah of the Prophet (SAW, and examples of the “enlightened Caliphs” and see if we could work out a seminal guidelines for our rectification  and revival.  We have gathered together some of these impressions; these are all tentative, nothing final about them, but these are here nonetheless. ABSTRAK: Kehadiran situasi kebelungguan dan  keruntuhan, perbezaan dalaman, pencerobohan luar (geografi dan ideologi, kurang keyakinan diri dan pergantungan, buta huruf, ketidakstabilan politik, bencana ekonomi, kekurangan ilmu dan hikmah, ketinggalan dalam sains dan teknologi, pendidikan, perubatan, perdagangan dan perniagaan, sistem perbankan dan ketidakupayaan pertahanan umat Islam mendorong saya untuk menulis

Motivasi Berpikir Menurut al-Qur’an

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Dwi Andriyani

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Kitab Suci Al-Qur’an merupakan kitab Allah yang diturunkan kepada umat manusia sebagai petunjuk bagi kita semua, yang mana diturunkan kepada umat Nabi Muhammad Saw mulai dari berabad-abad yang lalu, hingga sampai sekarang ini. Al-Qur’an di dalamnya banyak sekali mengandung isyarat ilmiah yang berguna bagi umat manusia. Oleh karena itu, sebagai makhluk Allah yang dikarunia akal pikiran, sudah seharusnya menjadi tugas kita untuk mengungkap apa yang ada di dalam al-Qur’an yang menjadi isyarat ilmiah bagi kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Al-Qur’an banyak memberikan motivasi bagi umat manusia, terutama motivasi berpikir. Berpikir adalah olah kerja otak yang yang berfungsi mencari hakekat dari sesuatu. Namun, dalam al-Qur’an berpikir juga tidak semuanya dilakukan oleh akal pikiran, melainkan juga dapat dilakukan dengan hati. Ketika mengkaji lebih dalam mengenai berpikir, maka akan didapatkan beberapa lafadz yang mempunyai pengertian yang sama, yaitu berpikir. Seperti lafadz nazara, tadabbara atau tadabbur, tafakkara atau tafakkur, faqiha atau fiqh atau tafaqquh, tazakkara, dan faham. Semua yang disebutkan di atas adalah mempunyai pengertian yang hampir sama. Membangkitkan motivasi berpikir dalam mengkaji ayat-ayat al-Qur’an sangatlah bermanfaat dalam menambah wawasan, dan juga dapat menambah keimanan kita kepada Allah Swt. Beberapa penemuan yang ada pada saat sekarang ini merupakan bukti dari kebenaran al-Qur’an, isyarat ilmiahnya dapat dibuktikan dengan beberapa penemuan di bidang ilmu pengetahuan.   The Holy Qur'an is a book of God revealed to mankind as a guide for all of us, which was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad's people from many centuries ago until now. The Qur'an contains a lot of useful scientific cue for mankind. Therefore, as a creature of Allah endowed with a mind, it should be our duty to reveal what is in the Qur’an becomes the scientific cue to the advancement of knowledge. The Holy Qur'an has provided motivation for

Modelling the mechanical behaviour of metal powder during Die compaction process

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Cricrì

2016-07-01

Full Text Available In this work, powder compaction process was investigated by using a numerical material model, which involves Mohr-Coulomb theory and an elliptical surface plasticity model. An effective algorithm was developed and implemented in the ANSYS finite element (FEM code by using the subroutine USERMAT. Some simulations were performed to validate the proposed metal powder material model. The interaction between metal powder and die walls was considered by means of contact elements. In addition to the analysis of metal powder behaviour during compaction, the actions transmitted to die were also investigated, by considering different friction coefficients. This information is particularly useful for a correct die design.

Programming the finite element method

CERN Document Server

Smith, I M; Margetts, L

2013-01-01

Many students, engineers, scientists and researchers have benefited from the practical, programming-oriented style of the previous editions of Programming the Finite Element Method, learning how to develop computer programs to solve specific engineering problems using the finite element method. This new fifth edition offers timely revisions that include programs and subroutine libraries fully updated to Fortran 2003, which are freely available online, and provides updated material on advances in parallel computing, thermal stress analysis, plasticity return algorithms, convection boundary c

Heat Transfer Studies in Gun Tubes

Science.gov (United States)

1979-03-01

specification grid is overlayed on top of the computational grid so· that different material layers can be specified. The node number system employed by...scheme is shown in Figure 20 for a typical case. When TRUMP input data blocks other than 4, 5, and 6 are to be specified,the numbering system defined in...addition TRUMP was modified to include a subroutine, DINAM , that keeps track of the dynamic connections. The results of a few calculations with this model

Modification of fuel performance code to evaluate iron-based alloy behavior under LOCA scenario

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Giovedi, Claudia; Martins, Marcelo Ramos, E-mail: claudia.giovedi@labrisco.usp.br, E-mail: mrmartin@usp.br [Laboratorio de Analise, Avaliacao e Gerenciamento de Risco (LabRisco/POLI/USP), São Paulo, SP (Brazil); Abe, Alfredo; Muniz, Rafael O.R.; Gomes, Daniel de Souza; Silva, Antonio Teixeira e, E-mail: ayabe@ipen.br, E-mail: dsgomes@ipen.br, E-mail: teixiera@ipen.br [Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/CNEN-SP), São Paulo, SP (Brazil)

2017-07-01

Accident tolerant fuels (ATF) has been studied since the Fukushima Daiichi accident in the research efforts to develop new materials which under accident scenarios could maintain the fuel rod integrity for a longer period compared to the cladding and fuel system usually utilized in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). The efforts have been focused on new materials applied as cladding, then iron-base alloys appear as a possible candidate. The aim of this paper is to implement modifications in a fuel performance code to evaluate the behavior of iron based alloys under Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) scenario. For this, initially the properties related to the thermal and mechanical behavior of iron-based alloys were obtained from the literature, appropriately adapted and introduced in the fuel performance code subroutines. The adopted approach was step by step modifications, where different versions of the code were created. The assessment of the implemented modification was carried out simulating an experiment available in the open literature (IFA-650.5) related to zirconium-based alloy fuel rods submitted to LOCA conditions. The obtained results for the iron-based alloy were compared to those obtained using the regular version of the fuel performance code for zircaloy-4. The obtained results have shown that the most important properties to be changed are those from the subroutines related to the mechanical properties of the cladding. The results obtained have shown that the burst is observed at a longer time for fuel rods with iron-based alloy, indicating the potentiality of this material to be used as cladding with ATF purposes. (author)

Modification of fuel performance code to evaluate iron-based alloy behavior under LOCA scenario

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giovedi, Claudia; Martins, Marcelo Ramos; Abe, Alfredo; Muniz, Rafael O.R.; Gomes, Daniel de Souza; Silva, Antonio Teixeira e

2017-01-01

Accident tolerant fuels (ATF) has been studied since the Fukushima Daiichi accident in the research efforts to develop new materials which under accident scenarios could maintain the fuel rod integrity for a longer period compared to the cladding and fuel system usually utilized in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR). The efforts have been focused on new materials applied as cladding, then iron-base alloys appear as a possible candidate. The aim of this paper is to implement modifications in a fuel performance code to evaluate the behavior of iron based alloys under Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) scenario. For this, initially the properties related to the thermal and mechanical behavior of iron-based alloys were obtained from the literature, appropriately adapted and introduced in the fuel performance code subroutines. The adopted approach was step by step modifications, where different versions of the code were created. The assessment of the implemented modification was carried out simulating an experiment available in the open literature (IFA-650.5) related to zirconium-based alloy fuel rods submitted to LOCA conditions. The obtained results for the iron-based alloy were compared to those obtained using the regular version of the fuel performance code for zircaloy-4. The obtained results have shown that the most important properties to be changed are those from the subroutines related to the mechanical properties of the cladding. The results obtained have shown that the burst is observed at a longer time for fuel rods with iron-based alloy, indicating the potentiality of this material to be used as cladding with ATF purposes. (author)

Cyclic softening based on dislocation annihilation at sub-cell boundary for SA333 Grade-6 C-Mn steel

Science.gov (United States)

Bhattacharjee, S.; Dhar, S.; Acharyya, S. K.; Gupta, S. K.

2018-01-01

In this work, the response of SA333 Grade-6 C-Mn steel subjected to uniaxial and in-phase biaxial tension-torsion cyclic loading is experimented and an attempt is made to model the material behaviour. Experimentally observed cyclic softening is modelled based on ‘dislocation annihilation at low angle grain boundary’, while Ohno-Wang kinematic hardening rule is used to simulate the stress-strain hysteresis loops. The relevant material parameters are extracted from the appropriate experimental results and metallurgical investigations. The material model is plugged as user material subroutine into ABAQUS FE platform to simulate pre-saturation low cycle fatigue loops with cyclic softening and other cyclic plastic behaviour under prescribed loading. The stress-strain hysteresis loops and peak stress with cycles were compared with the experimental results and good agreements between experimental and simulated results validated the material model.

SINDA/SINFLO computer routine, volume 1, revision A. [for fluid flow system analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Oren, J. A.; Williams, D. R.

1975-01-01

The SINFLO package was developed to modify the SINDA preprocessor to accept and store the input data for fluid flow systems analysis and adding the FLOSOL user subroutine to perform the flow solution. This reduced and simplified the user input required for analysis of flow problems. A temperature calculation method, the flow-hybrid method which was developed in previous VSD thermal simulator routines, was incorporated for calculating fluid temperatures. The calculation method accuracy was improved by using fluid enthalpy rather than specific heat for the convective term of the fluid temperature equation. Subroutines and data input requirements are described along with user subroutines, flow data storage, and usage of the plot program.

Kondisi oral higiene dan karies gigi pada vegetarian dan non vegetarian di Maha Vihara Maitreya Medan

OpenAIRE

Prawira, Albert

2011-01-01

Perbedaan pola makan antara vegetarian dan non vegetarian dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan gigi dan mulut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi oral higiene dan karies gigi pada umat vegetarian dan non vegetarian di Maha Vihara Maitreya Medan. Jenis penelitian adalah survei deskriptif. Sampel terdiri atas 74 vegetarian dan 65 non vegetarian. Pemeriksaan oral higiene dan karies gigi masing-masing menggunakan indeks OHIS Greene dan Vermillion dan indeks DMFT Klein, se...

A solution algorithm for calculating photon radiation fields with the aid of the Monte Carlo method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zappe, D.

1978-04-01

The MCTEST program and its subroutines for the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation is presented. The program renders possible to calculate photon radiation fields of point or plane gamma sources. After changing two subroutines the calculation can also be carried out for the case of directed incidence of radiation on plane shields of iron or concrete. (author)

Computer code for the atomistic simulation of lattice defects and dynamics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schiffgens, J.O.; Graves, N.J.; Oster, C.A.

1980-04-01

The computer code COMENT used to simulate the effect of temperature, impurities, and pre-existing defects on radiation-induced defect production mechanisms, defect properties, defect migration, and defect stability. This report documents Version IV of COMENT (models, methods, and implementation) and defines current code options. Version IV of COMENT generates only face-centered-cubic (fcc) crystal lattices. However, an effort was made to structure COMENT to allow addition of new options with a minimum of change in the existing version of the code. This document describes the calling program and thirty-two user-defined subroutines. Fourteen subroutines (ALOYORD, DASPKA, DFCT, DSLOAN, DSLOIN, EXPAND, POT1, POT2, POT3, POT4, POT5, POT6, POT7, and THRMAL) are associated with the selection of program options; only a few of these are used in any given analysis. Seven of the other subroutines (CRYSTL, IEAF, INCBOX, LABLE, MINILAT, SPEFORS, and SQUEZ are used to establish a variety of arrays and conditions required for each analysis; most of them are used once in a given calculation. The remaining eleven subroutines (DAMP, DIRECT, IDDEF, NEAF, INBIN, FILBIN, FTBIN, PAC3, UNPAC3, PACF, and UNPACF) are used many times in each calculation; the last eight of these are used many times in each time step during the integration and, therefore, are written in COMPASS (CDC assembly language). The COMPASS subroutines are described in sufficient detail to permit easy conversion to some other assembly language or to FORTRAN

Developing new bacteria subroutines in the SWAT model

Science.gov (United States)

Fecal bacteria observations from four different sites in Korea and the US demonstrate seasonal variability, showing a significant relationship with temperature (Figure 1); fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations are relatively higher in summer and lower in winter , including Stillwater river (...

MINPACK-1, Subroutine Library for Nonlinear Equation System

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garbow, Burton S.

1984-01-01

1 - Description of problem or function: MINPACK1 is a package of FORTRAN subprograms for the numerical solution of systems of non- linear equations and nonlinear least-squares problems. The individual programs are: Identification/Description: - CHKDER: Check gradients for consistency with functions, - DOGLEG: Determine combination of Gauss-Newton and gradient directions, - DPMPAR: Provide double precision machine parameters, - ENORM: Calculate Euclidean norm of vector, - FDJAC1: Calculate difference approximation to Jacobian (nonlinear equations), - FDJAC2: Calculate difference approximation to Jacobian (least squares), - HYBRD: Solve system of nonlinear equations (approximate Jacobian), - HYBRD1: Easy-to-use driver for HYBRD, - HYBRJ: Solve system of nonlinear equations (analytic Jacobian), - HYBRJ1: Easy-to-use driver for HYBRJ, - LMDER: Solve nonlinear least squares problem (analytic Jacobian), - LMDER1: Easy-to-use driver for LMDER, - LMDIF: Solve nonlinear least squares problem (approximate Jacobian), - LMDIF1: Easy-to-use driver for LMDIF, - LMPAR: Determine Levenberg-Marquardt parameter - LMSTR: Solve nonlinear least squares problem (analytic Jacobian, storage conserving), - LMSTR1: Easy-to-use driver for LMSTR, - QFORM: Accumulate orthogonal matrix from QR factorization QRFAC Compute QR factorization of rectangular matrix, - QRSOLV: Complete solution of least squares problem, - RWUPDT: Update QR factorization after row addition, - R1MPYQ: Apply orthogonal transformations from QR factorization, - R1UPDT: Update QR factorization after rank-1 addition, - SPMPAR: Provide single precision machine parameters. 4. Method of solution - MINPACK1 uses the modified Powell hybrid method and the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm

KONTEKSTUALITAS DAN HISTORISITAS MATAN HADIS-HADIS PEPERANGAN TERHADAP NON-MUSLIM

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nasrulloh Nasrulloh

2017-09-01

Abstrak: Beberapa hadis tentang perang melawan non-Muslim sering diguna­kan sebagai acuan oleh kelompok-kelompok radikal dalam melakukan tindakan jihad mereka. Mereka tidak membaca hadis secara menyeluruh dan hanya fokus pada teksnya, terlepas dari historisitas dan aspek bahasa. Selain itu, mereka juga tidak membaca hadis tentang toleransi dan sikap Rasulullah saat berinteraksi dengan non-Muslim. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menjawab pertanyaan; bagaimana pemahaman kontekstual hadis-hadis tentang per­musuh­an terhadap non-Muslim? Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, yang mengguna­kan hadis tentang  permusuhan terhadap non-Muslim dalam al-kutub al-tis'ah se­bagai sumber utama, dan menggunakan kritik matan hadis sebagai pendekatan penelitian. Dengan menggunakan analisis konten, Penelitian ini menemukan; hadis tentang permusuhan terhadap non-Muslim secara luas memiliki makna bahwa Rasulullah diperintahkan untuk memerangi kaum kafir yang me­musuhi sampai mereka bersedia untuk mengatakan dua kalimat syahadat. Dengan demikian, obyek  hadis tersebut ditujukan hanya untuk non-Muslim yang me­merangi umat Islam, yang mereka telah memilih untuk memulai perkelahian dan tidak menerima jalan damai. Oleh karena itu, tidak semua non-Muslim layak/ tepat untuk dimusuhi, bahkan harus diperlakukan secara baik. Di samping itu, memerangi setiap non-Muslim yang tidak memerangi umat Islam bertentangan dengan teks dan konsensus ilmiah.

Creep age forming of Al-Cu-Li alloy: Application to thick sheet forming of double curvature aircraft panel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Younes Wael

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Creep-age-forming of a thick Al-Cu-Li sheet is studied. An industrial stamping press is used to form a double curvature panel at a reduced scale. This forming, which includes several relaxation steps, is modelled using ABAQUS. A material model describing an elasto-viscoplastic behaviour with anisotropy effect has been identified and implemented in ABAQUS using Fortran subroutine. The numerical model is validated by comparing experiments and numerical results in terms of deformed shapes and an improved forming cycle is suggested.

Stochastic-Strength-Based Damage Simulation Tool for Ceramic Matrix and Polymer Matrix Composite Structures

Science.gov (United States)

Nemeth, Noel N.; Bednarcyk, Brett A.; Pineda, Evan J.; Walton, Owen J.; Arnold, Steven M.

2016-01-01

Stochastic-based, discrete-event progressive damage simulations of ceramic-matrix composite and polymer matrix composite material structures have been enabled through the development of a unique multiscale modeling tool. This effort involves coupling three independently developed software programs: (1) the Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC), (2) the Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures Life Prediction Program (CARES/ Life), and (3) the Abaqus finite element analysis (FEA) program. MAC/GMC contributes multiscale modeling capabilities and micromechanics relations to determine stresses and deformations at the microscale of the composite material repeating unit cell (RUC). CARES/Life contributes statistical multiaxial failure criteria that can be applied to the individual brittle-material constituents of the RUC. Abaqus is used at the global scale to model the overall composite structure. An Abaqus user-defined material (UMAT) interface, referred to here as "FEAMAC/CARES," was developed that enables MAC/GMC and CARES/Life to operate seamlessly with the Abaqus FEA code. For each FEAMAC/CARES simulation trial, the stochastic nature of brittle material strength results in random, discrete damage events, which incrementally progress and lead to ultimate structural failure. This report describes the FEAMAC/CARES methodology and discusses examples that illustrate the performance of the tool. A comprehensive example problem, simulating the progressive damage of laminated ceramic matrix composites under various off-axis loading conditions and including a double notched tensile specimen geometry, is described in a separate report.

CRISTE - a subcomputer code for axial distribution, transient, of temperatures in a reactor channel of PWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Silva Neto, A.J. da; Roberty, N.C.; Carmo, E.G.D. do.

1983-12-01

The subroutine CRISTE was developed to calculate the temperature distribution for transients in a PWR coolant. The Crank-Nicholson approximation was used for the temporal discretization and a semi-analytical spatial solution was obtained. The temperature in the cladding was simulated by a routine adapted from the permanent distribution, and was used in on iterative method, following CRISTE subroutine. (E.G.) [pt

The allocation of fast core storage in large computer programs: design and use of the VARY package

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Symonds, A.G.

1975-12-01

In the design of a large computer program which will be used to solve a wide range of problems, consideration must be given to more than just the processing algorithms in the program. For example, such programs must be flexible, readable, easily modified and must make efficient use of fast storage. A subroutine package written in Fortran IV is described here which formalises the demands and eases the job of the programmer in meeting them. In the design of programs for modular code schemes it is found that the extra demands of standardisation of programming practices where possible makes obligatory the use of such a subroutine. The use of the subroutine in a modular code scheme is specfically exemplified. (author)

INTEGRASI MATEMATIKA DAN ISLAM DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samsul Maarif

2015-07-01

Full Text Available ABSTRAK Pembelajaran matematika harus mengalami perubahan dalam konteks perbaikan mutu pendidikan sehingga dapat meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran yang optimal. Oleh karena itu, upaya terus dilakukan untuk terwujudnya suatu pembelajaran yang inovatif sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman dan tekhnologi. Disamping pendidikan diselaraskan dengan kemajuan teknologi, pendidikan juga diharapkan dapat membangun nilai dan watak dari setiap peserta didik melalui nilai-nilai agama.Al-Quaran merupakan kitab suci umat islam yang merupakan sumber dari segala sumber ilmu. Keagungannya tidak akan tertandingi dan tak jua lekang oleh zaman. Oleh karenaya kita sebagai umat muslim patut dan menjadi keharusan menjadikan Al-Quran sebagai rujukan utama untuk pengembangan ilmu sebelum merujuk kepada teori ataupun konsep-konsep lainnnya. Pandangan seperti tersebut tidaklah salah karena Al-Quran sangat berpengaruh pada pengembangan bidang ilmu. Hal tersebut terlihat jelas adanya penghargaan yang teramat tinggibagi mereka yang beriman dan berilmu dibandingkan dengan orang yang biasa-biasa saja.Hal tersebut menunjukan Al-Quran sangat konsen dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu kiranya dunia pendidikan tidak terkecuali dalam pembelajaran matematika mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai yang terkandung dalam agama islam dalam setiap pembelajaran. Sehingga, selain dapat mempelajari matematika siswa juga dapat mempelajari keagungan Alloh melalui pendekatan materi-materi matematika. Kata Kunci    :   Islam, Matematika, Pembelajaran Matematika   ABSTRACT Learning mathematics should be amended in the context of improvement of the quality of education so as to enhance the optimal learning outcomes. Therefore, efforts continue to be made to the realization of an innovative learning in accordance with the times and technology. Besides education aligned with technological advances, education is also expected to build the value and character of each learner through the

Modeling microscale heat transfer using Calore.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gallis, Michail A.; Rader, Daniel John; Wong, Chung-Nin Channy; Bainbridge, Bruce L.; Torczynski, John Robert; Piekos, Edward Stanley

2005-09-01

Modeling microscale heat transfer with the computational-heat-transfer code Calore is discussed. Microscale heat transfer problems differ from their macroscopic counterparts in that conductive heat transfer in both solid and gaseous materials may have important noncontinuum effects. In a solid material, three noncontinuum effects are considered: ballistic transport of phonons across a thin film, scattering of phonons from surface roughness at a gas-solid interface, and scattering of phonons from grain boundaries within the solid material. These processes are modeled for polycrystalline silicon, and the thermal-conductivity values predicted by these models are compared to experimental data. In a gaseous material, two noncontinuum effects are considered: ballistic transport of gas molecules across a thin gap and accommodation of gas molecules to solid conditions when reflecting from a solid surface. These processes are modeled for arbitrary gases by allowing the gas and solid temperatures across a gas-solid interface to differ: a finite heat transfer coefficient (contact conductance) is imposed at the gas-solid interface so that the temperature difference is proportional to the normal heat flux. In this approach, the behavior of gas in the bulk is not changed from behavior observed under macroscopic conditions. These models are implemented in Calore as user subroutines. The user subroutines reside within Sandia's Source Forge server, where they undergo version control and regression testing and are available to analysts needing these capabilities. A Calore simulation is presented that exercises these models for a heated microbeam separated from an ambient-temperature substrate by a thin gas-filled gap. Failure to use the noncontinuum heat transfer models for the solid and the gas causes the maximum temperature of the microbeam to be significantly underpredicted.

KANDUNGAN BUAH-BUAHAN DALAM ALQUR’AN: BUAH TIN (Ficus carica L, ZAITUN (Olea europea L, DELIMA (Punica granatum L, ANGGUR (Vitis vinivera L, DAN KURMA (Phoenix dactylifera L UNTUK KESEHATAN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

nur khasanah

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Aneka ragam buah-buahan segar diciptakan Sang Khalik untuk umat manusia. Di antara sekian banyak buah-buahan itu, salah satu yang disebutkan Allah SWT dalam Alquran. Adalah buah tin, zaitun, delima, anggur, dan kurma. Untuk itulah kita sebagai muslim perlu men- getahui zat-zat  yang terkandung dalam buah tersebut, se- hingga dapat memanfaatkan buah tersebut dengan sebaik- baiknya. Tidak ada sekecil apa pun Allah ciptaan jika tidak membawa kemanfaatan bagi manusia.

(Components in Music-Culture)

OpenAIRE

Sunarto, -

2007-01-01

Seorang filsuf wanita dari Amerika Serikat, Susanne K. Langer, pernah berucapbahwa, musik telah mampu merasuk ke dalam umat manusia setua umurmanusia di bumi ini. Musik telah membentuk suatu buaya tersendiri di anaraseni-seni yang lainnya. Ia hadir di setiap saat dalam suatu budaya di mana punbudaya itu tumbuh. Ada semacam universalitas: di mana ada budaya di situ pulamusik bereksistensi. Rangkaian yang membentuk komunitas dalam musik itusendiri hadir sebagai sebuah harmonisasi dari alam yang...

MCAPM: All particle method generator and collision package

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rathkopf, J.A.

1992-11-01

MCAPM (Monte Carlo All Particle Method) is a collection of subroutines that read the data necessary for and perform the physics involved in collisions of neutrons, protons, deuterons, helium-3, alphas, and gammas with background material. These subroutines are divided into two packages. The first package, gen2000, reads the cross sections and distributions from binary libraries that describe in-flight reactions and formats them in a form appropriate for use by the second package. Libraries are organized by incident particle type, but contain information describing the attributes of all output particles. The method of tabulating cross section data depends on the incident particle type. Neutron and charged particle cross sections are multi-group; gamma cross sections are log-log interpolated from an energy grid consistent over all target elements. The second package, bang2000, uses these data to perform the collision physics. Each Monte Carlo particle possesses a discrete energy value allowing the kinematics of collisions to be performed on a continuous energy basis. The result of the kinematics is the attributes (type, number, energy, and direction) of all the particles emerging from the collision. MCAPM is modular and has been ported to a variety of platforms

Programs for nuclear data analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bell, R.A.I.

1975-01-01

The following report details a number of programs and subroutines which are useful for analysis of data from nuclear physics experiments. Most of them are available from pool pack 005 on the IBM1800 computer. All of these programs are stored there as core loads, and the subroutines and functions in relocatable format. The nature and location of other programs are specified as appropriate. (author)

N7912Z: a normalize routine for the R7912 transient digitizer on the PDP-11

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Greenwood, J.R.; Ozawa, J.T.

1978-01-01

A PDP-11 assembly language program which processes raw data from a Tektronix R7912 transient digitizer is described. The irregularities of the R7912 instrument and the data readout format are discussed. The subroutine produces an integer array of values representing the digitized trace. The internal details of the subroutine are described, as well as the calling sequence, either from FORTRAN or REBEL/BASIC

Development of a user element in ABAQUS for modelling of cohesive laws in composite structures

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Feih, S.

2006-01-01

forward, and most existing publications consider theoretical and therefore simpler softening shapes. In this article, bridging laws were implemented intoan interface element in the UEL user subroutine in the finite element code ABAQUS. Comparison with different experimental data points for crack opening...... measurements of the crack growth resistance and the end opening of the notch. The advantage of this method is that these bridging laws represent material laws independent of the specimen geometry. However, theadaption of the experimentally determined shape to a numerically valid model shape is not straight...

User manual for the KfK code PCROSS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ravndal, S.; Oblozinsky, P.; Kelzenberg, S.; Cierjacks, S.

1991-08-01

The PCROSS code calculates the so-called 'pseudo' cross sections for sequential (x,n) reactions and merges them together with 'collapsed' cross sections for neutron induced reactions into one file of cross sections. The file is tailored to provide an input for the FISPACT inventory code that calculates the activation and related radiological quantities of material irradiated in a neutron flux. The present report describes the structure of the KfK code PCROSS, outlines the role of subroutines, and provides necessary information for a practical user of the code. (orig.) [de

Reference manual for the KfK code PCROSS

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ravndal, S.; Oblozinsky, P.; Kelzenberg, S.; Cierjacks, S.

1991-12-01

The PCROSS code calculates the so-called 'pseudo' cross sections for sequential (x,n) reactions and merges them together with 'effective' cross section for neutron induced reactions into one file of 'collapsed' cross sections. The file is tailored to provide an input for the FISPACT inventory code that calculates the activation and related radiological quantities of material irradiated in given neutron fields. The report summarizes calculational procedure and provides the reader with essential technical details of the code PCROSS (version 1.0) such as description of parameters, common blocks and subroutines. (orig.) [de

Importance sampling techniques and treatment of electron transport in MCNP 4A

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueki, K.

1994-01-01

The continuous energy Monte Carlo code MCNP was developed by the Radiation Transport Group at Los Alamos National Laboratory and the MCNP 4A version is available, now. The MCNP 4A is able to do the coupled neutron-secondary gamma-ray-electron-bremsstrahlung calculation. The calculated results, such as energy spectra, tally fluctuation chart, and geometrical input data can be displayed by using a work station. The document of the MCNP 4A code has no description on the subroutines, except few ones of 'SOURCE', 'TALLYX'. However, when we want to improve the MCNP Monte Carlo sampling techniques to get more accuracy or efficiency results for some problems, some subroutines are required or needed to revised. Three subroutines have been revised and built in the MCNP 4A code. (author)

KONTRIBUSI UNGKAPAN TRADISIONAL DALAM MEMBANGUN KERUKUNAN BERAGAMA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joko Tri Haryanto

2013-12-01

Masyarakat Ganjuran Desa Sumbermulyo Kecamatan Bambanglipuro Bantul DIY mampu memelihara kerukunan umat beragama, meskipun berbeda agama. Hal ini disebabkan adanya elemen-elemen yang menjadi perekat sosial berupa kearifan-kearifan lokal yang hidup dalam masyarakat Ganjuran. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini mengungkapkan kearifan lokal pada masyarakat Ganjuran dalam memelihara kerukunan dalam bentuk ungkapan-ungkapan tradisional dan tradisi kenduri. Masyarakat Ganjuran memiliki pandangan sosial guyub rukun yang diungkapkan melalui berbagai ungkapan tradisional seperti rukun agawe santosa crah agawe bubrah.

Mechanism-Based FE Simulation of Tool Wear in Diamond Drilling of SiCp/Al Composites.

Science.gov (United States)

Xiang, Junfeng; Pang, Siqin; Xie, Lijing; Gao, Feinong; Hu, Xin; Yi, Jie; Hu, Fang

2018-02-07

The aim of this work is to analyze the micro mechanisms underlying the wear of macroscale tools during diamond machining of SiC p /Al6063 composites and to develop the mechanism-based diamond wear model in relation to the dominant wear behaviors. During drilling, high volume fraction SiC p /Al6063 composites containing Cu, the dominant wear mechanisms of diamond tool involve thermodynamically activated physicochemical wear due to diamond-graphite transformation catalyzed by Cu in air atmosphere and mechanically driven abrasive wear due to high-frequency scrape of hard SiC reinforcement on tool surface. An analytical diamond wear model, coupling Usui abrasive wear model and Arrhenius extended graphitization wear model was proposed and implemented through a user-defined subroutine for tool wear estimates. Tool wear estimate in diamond drilling of SiC p /Al6063 composites was achieved by incorporating the combined abrasive-chemical tool wear subroutine into the coupled thermomechanical FE model of 3D drilling. The developed drilling FE model for reproducing diamond tool wear was validated for feasibility and reliability by comparing numerically simulated tool wear morphology and experimentally observed results after drilling a hole using brazed polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coated tools. A fairly good agreement of experimental and simulated results in cutting forces, chip and tool wear morphologies demonstrates that the developed 3D drilling FE model, combined with a subroutine for diamond tool wear estimate can provide a more accurate analysis not only in cutting forces and chip shape but also in tool wear behavior during drilling SiC p /Al6063 composites. Once validated and calibrated, the developed diamond tool wear model in conjunction with other machining FE models can be easily extended to the investigation of tool wear evolution with various diamond tool geometries and other machining processes in cutting different

CINDER-7: an interim report for users

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

England, T.R.; Wilczynski, R.; Whittemore, N.L.

1975-04-01

CINDER, a general nuclide depletion and fission-product code, has been reprogrammed to utilize improved data handling subroutines, improve roundoff control, and incorporate new calculational features such as a gamma spectra subroutine. The new coding uses a dynamic storage, variable dimensioning, and a free-form imput format. The format is not compatible with earlier versions of CINDER. The format, its bases, and some of its extended features are described. (U.S.)

PAVAN: an atmospheric-dispersion program for evaluating design-basis accidental releases of radioactive materials from nuclear power stations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bander, T.J.

1982-11-01

This report provides a user's guide for the NRC computer program, PAVAN, which is a program used by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission to estimate downwind ground-level air concentrations for potential accidental releases of radioactive material from nuclear facilities. Such an assessment is required by 10 CFR Part 100 and 10 CFR Part 50. The program implements the guidance provided in Regulatory Guide 1.145, Atmospheric Dispersion Models for Potential Accident Consequence Assessments at Nuclear Power Plants. Using joint frequency distributions of wind direction and wind speed by atmospheric stability, the program provides relative air concentration (X/Q) values as functions of direction for various time periods at the exclusion area boundary (EAB) and the outer boundary of the low population zone (LPZ). Calculations of X/Q values can be made for assumed ground-level releases (e.g., through building penetrations and vents) or elevated releases from free-standing stacks. Various options may be selected by the user. They can account for variation in the location of release points, additional plume dispersion due to building wakes, plume meander under low wind speed conditions, and adjustments to consider non-straight trajectories. It computes an effective plume height using the physical release height which can be reduced by inputted terrain features. It cannot handle multiple emission sources. A description of the main program and all subroutines is provided. Also included as appendices are a complete listing of the program and two test cases with the required data inputs and the resulting program outputs

The air emissions risk assessment model (AERAM)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gratt, L.B.

1991-01-01

AERAM is an environmental analysis and power generation station investment decision support tool. AERAM calculates the public health risk (in terms of the lifetime cancers) in the nearby population from pollutants released into the air. AERAM consists of four main subroutines: Emissions, Air, Exposure and Risk. The Emission subroutine uses power plant parameters to calculate the expected release of the pollutants. A coal-fired and oil-fired power plant are currently available. A gas-fired plant model is under preparation. The release of the pollutants into the air is followed by their dispersal in the environment. The dispersion in the Air Subroutine uses the Environmental Protection Agency's model, Industrial Source Complex-Long Term. Additional dispersion models (Industrial Source Complex - Short Term and Cooling Tower Drift) are being implemented for future AERAM versions. The Expose Subroutine uses the ambient concentrations to compute population exposures for the pollutants of concern. The exposures are used with corresponding dose-response model in the Risk Subroutine to estimate both the total population risk and individual risk. The risk for the dispersion receptor-population centroid for the maximum concentration is also calculated for regulatory-population purposes. In addition, automated interfaces with AirTox (an air risk decision model) have been implemented to extend AERAM's steady-state single solution to the decision-under-uncertainty domain. AERAM was used for public health risks, the investment decision for additional pollution control systems based on health risk reductions, and the economics of fuel vs. health risk tradeoffs. AERAM provides that state-of-the-art capability for evaluating the public health impact airborne toxic substances in response to regulations and public concern

Runoff and sediment yield model for predicting nuclide transport in watersheds using BIOTRAN

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gallegos, A.F.; Wenzel, W.J.

1990-09-01

The environmental risk simulation model BIOTRAN was interfaced with a series of new subroutines (RUNOFF, GEOFLX, EROSON, and AQUIFER) to predict the movement of nuclides, elements, and pertinent chemical compounds in association with sediments through lateral and channel flow of runoff water. In addition, the movement of water into and out of segmented portions of runoff channels was modeled to simulate the dynamics of moisture flow through specified aquifers within the watershed. The BIOTRAN soil water flux subroutine, WATFLX, was modified to interface the relationships found in the SPUR model for runoff and sediment transport into channels with the particle sorting relationships to predict radionuclide enrichment and movement in watersheds. The new subroutines were applied specifically to Mortandad Canyon within Los Alamos National Laboratory by simultaneous simulation of eight surface vegetational subdivisions and associated channel and aquifer segments of this watershed. This report focuses on descriptions of the construction and rationale for the new subroutines and on discussing both input characteristics and output relationships to known runoff events from Mortandad Canyon. Limitations of the simplified input on model behavior are also discussed. Uranium-238 was selected as the nuclide for demonstration of the model because it could be assumed to be homogeneously distributed over the watershed surface. 22 refs., 18 figs., 9 tabs.

Study of containment air cooler capacity in steam air environment during accident conditions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kansal, M.; Mohan, N.; Bhawal, R.N.; Bajaj, S.S.

2002-01-01

Full text: The air coolers are provided for controlling the temperature in the reactor building during normal operation. These air coolers also serve as the main heat sink for the removal of energy from high enthalpy air-steam mixture expected in reactor building under accident conditions. A subroutine COOLER has been developed to estimate the heat removal rate of the air coolers at high temperature and steam conditions. The subroutine COOLER has been attached with the code PACSR (post accident containment system response) used for containment pressure temperature calculation. The subroutine was validated using design parameters at normal operating condition. A study was done to estimate the heat removal rate for some postulated accident conditions. The study reveals that, under accident conditions, the heat removal rate of air coolers increases several times compared with normal operating conditions

ANYOLS, Least Square Fit by Stepwise Regression

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Atwoods, C.L.; Mathews, S.

1986-01-01

Description of program or function: ANYOLS is a stepwise program which fits data using ordinary or weighted least squares. Variables are selected for the model in a stepwise way based on a user- specified input criterion or a user-written subroutine. The order in which variables are entered can be influenced by user-defined forcing priorities. Instead of stepwise selection, ANYOLS can try all possible combinations of any desired subset of the variables. Automatic output for the final model in a stepwise search includes plots of the residuals, 'studentized' residuals, and leverages; if the model is not too large, the output also includes partial regression and partial leverage plots. A data set may be re-used so that several selection criteria can be tried. Flexibility is increased by allowing the substitution of user-written subroutines for several default subroutines

Improvements in the CHART D radiation-hydrodynamic code III: revised analytic equations of state

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Thompson, S.L.; Lauson, H.S.

1974-03-01

A revised set of in-line equation-of-state subroutines for the CHART D hydrodynamic code is described. The information generated is thermodynamically complete and self-consistent. The temperature and density range of validity is large. Solids, liquids, vapors, plasmas, and all types of phase mixtures are treated. Energy transport properties are calculated. The set of subroutines form a package which can easily be included in other hydrodynamic codes. (20 figures) (U.S.)

A Modified Fatigue Damage Model for High-Cycle Fatigue Life Prediction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Meng Wang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Based on the assumption of quasibrittle failure under high-cycle fatigue for the metal material, the damage constitutive equation and the modified damage evolution equation are obtained with continuum damage mechanics. Then, finite element method (FEM is used to describe the failure process of metal material. The increment of specimen’s life and damage state can be researched using damage mechanics-FEM. Finally, the lifetime of the specimen is got at the given stress level. The damage mechanics-FEM is inserted into ABAQUS with subroutine USDFLD and the Python language is used to simulate the fatigue process of titanium alloy specimens. The simulation results have a good agreement with the testing results under constant amplitude loading, which proves the accuracy of the method.

Aplikasi Pembelajaran Membuat Ketupat dengan Animasi Model 3D Berbasis Android

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Nyoman Artha Wijaya

2016-04-01

Full Text Available Tipat merupakan sarana penunjang pelaksanaan Upacara Yadnya di Bali. Tipat ini memiliki beragam jenis dan fungsi. Kurangnya informasi serta literatur mengenai cara pembuatan tipat merupakan salah satu penyebab Umat Hindu kurang mampu memahami tentang mengulat tipat, sehingga dikembangkan Aplikasi Animasi Pembelajaran Tipat yang mampu menampilkan cara pembuatan tipat dengan Animasi Tradisional. Aplikasi dibuat pada platform Android dengan Unity sebagai main software pembuatnya. Output dari aplikasi adalah video, serta animasi cara pembuatan tipat. Kata kunci: Tipat, Unity, Android, Animasi Pembuatan Tipat

Dictionary materials engineering, materials testing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1994-01-01

This dictionary contains about 9,500 entries in each part of the following fields: 1) Materials using and selection; 2) Mechanical engineering materials -Metallic materials - Non-metallic inorganic materials - Plastics - Composites -Materials damage and protection; 3) Electrical and electronics materials -Conductor materials - Semiconductors - magnetic materials - Dielectric materials - non-conducting materials; 4) Materials testing - Mechanical methods - Analytical methods - Structure investigation - Complex methods - Measurement of physical properties - Non-destructive testing. (orig.) [de

Micromechanical modeling of short glass-fiber reinforced thermoplastics-Isotropic damage of pseudograins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kammoun, S.; Brassart, L.; Doghri, I.; Delannay, L.; Robert, G.

2011-01-01

A micromechanical damage modeling approach is presented to predict the overall elasto-plastic behavior and damage evolution in short fiber reinforced composite materials. The practical use of the approach is for injection molded thermoplastic parts reinforced with short glass fibers. The modeling is proceeded as follows. The representative volume element is decomposed into a set of pseudograins, the damage of which affects progressively the overall stiffness and strength up to total failure. Each pseudograin is a two-phase composite with aligned inclusions having same aspect ratio. A two-step mean-field homogenization procedure is adopted. In the first step, the pseudograins are homogenized individually according to the Mori-Tanaka scheme. The second step consists in a self-consistent homogenization of homogenized pseudograins. An isotropic damage model is applied at the pseudograin level. The model is implemented as a UMAT in the finite element code ABAQUS. Model is shown to reproduce the strength and the anisotropy (Lankford coefficient) during uniaxial tensile tests on samples cut under different directions relative to the injection flow direction.

Geopolymer resin materials, geopolymer materials, and materials produced thereby

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Seo, Dong-Kyun; Medpelli, Dinesh; Ladd, Danielle; Mesgar, Milad

2018-01-09

A product formed from a first material including a geopolymer resin material, a geopolymer material, or a combination thereof by contacting the first material with a fluid and removing at least some of the fluid to yield a product. The first material may be formed by heating and/or aging an initial geopolymer resin material to yield the first material before contacting the first material with the fluid. In some cases, contacting the first material with the fluid breaks up or disintegrates the first material (e.g., in response to contact with the fluid and in the absence of external mechanical stress), thereby forming particles having an external dimension in a range between 1 nm and 2 cm.

MABEL 2: a code to analyse cladding deformation in a loss of coolant accident

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bowring, R.W.; Cooper, C.A.; Nye, M.T.S.

1983-06-01

The calculation strategy of MABEL-2 and the hierarchy and purpose of its subroutines are described so that a programmer can readily identify both the overall structure of the code and the functions of its constituent parts. Also, to assist those who wish to examine the coding in detail, the common block variables are defined and a list is given of all variables used in the code, together with the subroutines in which they are used. (author)

Improved Simulations of Mesoscale Meteorology.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

the subroutines as indicated in the summary flowchart of Figure A.l. The numerical time and 3-D space dependent solution of the system of equations...1 I|_ ______________________ beginn ac N-N+subeoutiSe loop over 3 suons n I loop over =j~j zones il to KMAX IIC II as a function of time. Only...This solution sequence dictates that the vertical calculations of the FRICV and DIFV subroutines be performed in the innermost loop of the flowchart

An atomistic geometrical model of the B-DNA configuration for DNA-radiation interaction simulations

Science.gov (United States)

Bernal, M. A.; Sikansi, D.; Cavalcante, F.; Incerti, S.; Champion, C.; Ivanchenko, V.; Francis, Z.

2013-12-01

In this paper, an atomistic geometrical model for the B-DNA configuration is explained. This model accounts for five organization levels of the DNA, up to the 30 nm chromatin fiber. However, fragments of this fiber can be used to construct the whole genome. The algorithm developed in this work is capable to determine which is the closest atom with respect to an arbitrary point in space. It can be used in any application in which a DNA geometrical model is needed, for instance, in investigations related to the effects of ionizing radiations on the human genetic material. Successful consistency checks were carried out to test the proposed model. Catalogue identifier: AEPZ_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEPZ_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1245 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6574 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: FORTRAN. Computer: Any. Operating system: Multi-platform. RAM: 2 Gb Classification: 3. Nature of problem: The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the interaction of ionizing radiation with the human genetic material in order to determine DNA damage yields per unit absorbed dose. To accomplish this task, an algorithm to determine if a given energy deposition lies within a given target is needed. This target can be an atom or any other structure of the genetic material. Solution method: This is a stand-alone subroutine describing an atomic-resolution geometrical model of the B-DNA configuration. It is able to determine the closest atom to an arbitrary point in space. This model accounts for five organization levels of the human genetic material, from the nucleotide pair up to the 30 nm chromatin fiber. This subroutine carries out a series of coordinate transformations

A 3D moisture-stress FEM analysis for time dependent problems in timber structures

Science.gov (United States)

Fortino, Stefania; Mirianon, Florian; Toratti, Tomi

2009-11-01

This paper presents a 3D moisture-stress numerical analysis for timber structures under variable humidity and load conditions. An orthotropic viscoelastic-mechanosorptive material model is specialized on the basis of previous models. Both the constitutive model and the equations needed to describe the moisture flow across the structure are implemented into user subroutines of the Abaqus finite element code and a coupled moisture-stress analysis is performed for several types of mechanical loads and moisture changes. The presented computational approach is validated by analyzing some wood tests described in the literature and comparing the computational results with the reported experimental data.

Geopolymer resin materials, geopolymer materials, and materials produced thereby

Science.gov (United States)

Seo, Dong-Kyun; Medpelli, Dinesh; Ladd, Danielle; Mesgar, Milad

2016-03-29

A product formed from a first material including a geopolymer resin material, a geopolymer resin, or a combination thereof by contacting the first material with a fluid and removing at least some of the fluid to yield a product. The first material may be formed by heating and/or aging an initial geopolymer resin material to yield the first material before contacting the first material with the fluid. In some cases, contacting the first material with the fluid breaks up or disintegrates the first material (e.g., in response to contact with the fluid and in the absence of external mechanical stress), thereby forming particles having an external dimension in a range between 1 nm and 2 cm.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of a General Composite Shell

Science.gov (United States)

1988-12-01

for (t) in Equation (B.15) (Appendix B) and writes it as a function of displacements for I the nonlinear problem one obtains [8] 3 29 (*(a)) - [K(a...linked to the main program before execution. Isubroutine upress(t,pa,pb,iunit, ielt ,x,y,z,live,press) c c Pressure distribution subroutine for c...then compiled and linked to the main program before execution. I SUBROUTINE UPRESS(T,PA,PB,IUNIT, IELT ,X,Y,Z,LIVE,PRESS) C c Pressure distribution

Pendidikan Islam Berwawasan Multikultural; Sebuah Upaya Membangun Pemahaman Keberagamaan Inklusif pada Umat Muslim

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Muhammad Aji Nugroho

2016-09-01

Plural society is a part of sunnatullah, which contributed greatly to the emergence of tension, conflict and social crisis, so that the demands for reform Islamic education system that impressed as a indoctrination of anti realities of multicultural needs to be done on creating a social order that is peaceful, harmonious, uphold humanity, and able to adapt to different groups but still cannot be separated from the roots of culture, religion, identity, in pluralistic society as insān kamīl. Islamic Education aims to present a multicultural conception: 1 remove the prejudice, and to train and build the character of students to be able to be democratic, humanist and pluralist; 2 build understanding of the diversity of students' inclusive to eliminate the social distance between learners of different religions to create true brotherhood; 3 teaches how to live amid pluralism nation; 4 providing protection from discrimination; 5 recognizes accommodation individual freedom of minority groups, such as talking, group, practice religion and so on are rooted in the values of freedom, equality and democracy, so cultural rights of minorities can be accommodated properly, which means that every student has the right to enter into a particular culture, are formed and participate in shaping the culture.

Instrumentation and control system for the AT-2 accelerator test stand

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wadlinger, E.A.; Holtkamp, D.B.; Holt, H.D.

1984-01-01

A data-driven subroutine package, written for our accelerator test stand (ATS), is described. This flexible package permits the rapid writing and modifying of data acquisition, control, and analysis programs for the many diverse experiments performed on the ATS. These structurally simple and easy to maintain routines help to control administratively the integrity of the ATS through the use of the database. Our operating experience indicates that the original design goals have been met. We describe the subroutines, database, and our experiences with this system

Aerospace materials and material technologies

CERN Document Server

Wanhill, R

2017-01-01

This book is a comprehensive compilation of chapters on materials (both established and evolving) and material technologies that are important for aerospace systems. It considers aerospace materials in three Parts. Part I covers Metallic Materials (Mg, Al, Al-Li, Ti, aero steels, Ni, intermetallics, bronzes and Nb alloys); Part II deals with Composites (GLARE, PMCs, CMCs and Carbon based CMCs); and Part III considers Special Materials. This compilation has ensured that no important aerospace material system is ignored. Emphasis is laid in each chapter on the underlying scientific principles as well as basic and fundamental mechanisms leading to processing, characterization, property evaluation and applications. A considerable amount of materials data is compiled and presented in appendices at the end of the book. This book will be useful to students, researchers and professionals working in the domain of aerospace materials.

Contour plotting programs for printer and Calcomp plotter

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moller, P.

1980-07-01

Contour plotting programs for plotting contour diagrams on printers or Calcomp plotters are described. The subroutines also exist in versions that are useful for the special application of finding minima and saddlepoints of nuclear potential energy surfaces generated by the subroutine PETR3 of another program package. For the general user, however, the most interesting aspect of the plotting package is probably the possibility of generating printer contour plots. The plotting of printer contour plots is a very fast and convenient way of displaying two-dimensional functions. 3 figures

Application Portable Parallel Library

Science.gov (United States)

Cole, Gary L.; Blech, Richard A.; Quealy, Angela; Townsend, Scott

1995-01-01

Application Portable Parallel Library (APPL) computer program is subroutine-based message-passing software library intended to provide consistent interface to variety of multiprocessor computers on market today. Minimizes effort needed to move application program from one computer to another. User develops application program once and then easily moves application program from parallel computer on which created to another parallel computer. ("Parallel computer" also include heterogeneous collection of networked computers). Written in C language with one FORTRAN 77 subroutine for UNIX-based computers and callable from application programs written in C language or FORTRAN 77.

Investigation on low velocity impact resistance of SMA composite material

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Dianyin; Zhang, Long; Wang, Rongqiao; Zhang, Xiaoyong

2016-04-01

A method to improve low velocity impact resistance of aeroengine composite casing using shape memory alloy's properties of shape memory(SM) and super-elasticity(SE) is proposed in this study. Firstly, a numerical modeling of SMA reinforced composite laminate under low velocity impact load with impact velocity of 10 m/s is established based on its constitutive model implemented by the VUMAT subroutine of commercial software ABAQUS. Secondly, the responses of SMA composite laminate including stress and deflection distributions were achieved through transient analysis under low velocity impact load. Numerical results show that both peak stress and deflection values of SMA composite laminate are less than that without SMA, which proves that embedding SMA into the composite structure can effectively improve the low velocity impact performance of composite structure. Finally, the influence of SM and SE on low velocity impact resistance is quantitatively investigated. The values of peak stress and deflection of SMA composite based on SM property decrease by 18.28% and 9.43% respectively, compared with those without SMA, instead of 12.87% and 5.19% based on SE. In conclusion, this proposed model described the impact damage of SMA composite structure and turned to be a more beneficial method to enhance the impact resistance by utilizing SM effect.

An improved algorithm for the polycrystal viscoplastic self-consistent model and its integration with implicit finite element schemes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Galán, J; Verleysen, P; Lebensohn, R A

2014-01-01

A new algorithm for the solution of the deformation of a polycrystalline material using a self-consistent scheme, and its integration as part of the finite element software Abaqus/Standard are presented. The method is based on the original VPSC formulation by Lebensohn and Tomé and its integration with Abaqus/Standard by Segurado et al. The new algorithm has been implemented as a set of Fortran 90 modules, to be used either from a standalone program or from Abaqus subroutines. The new implementation yields the same results as VPSC7, but with a significantly better performance, especially when used in multicore computers. (paper)

Modeling delamination of FRP laminates under low velocity impact

Science.gov (United States)

Jiang, Z.; Wen, H. M.; Ren, S. L.

2017-09-01

Fiber reinforced plastic laminates (FRP) have been increasingly used in various engineering such as aeronautics, astronautics, transportation, naval architecture and their impact response and failure are a major concern in academic community. A new numerical model is suggested for fiber reinforced plastic composites. The model considers that FRP laminates has been constituted by unidirectional laminated plates with adhesive layers. A modified adhesive layer damage model that considering strain rate effects is incorporated into the ABAQUS / EXPLICIT finite element program by the user-defined material subroutine VUMAT. It transpires that the present model predicted delamination is in good agreement with the experimental results for low velocity impact.

IMAGEP - A FORTRAN ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Science.gov (United States)

Roth, D. J.

1994-01-01

IMAGEP is a FORTRAN computer algorithm containing various image processing, analysis, and enhancement functions. It is a keyboard-driven program organized into nine subroutines. Within the subroutines are other routines, also, selected via keyboard. Some of the functions performed by IMAGEP include digitization, storage and retrieval of images; image enhancement by contrast expansion, addition and subtraction, magnification, inversion, and bit shifting; display and movement of cursor; display of grey level histogram of image; and display of the variation of grey level intensity as a function of image position. This algorithm has possible scientific, industrial, and biomedical applications in material flaw studies, steel and ore analysis, and pathology, respectively. IMAGEP is written in VAX FORTRAN for DEC VAX series computers running VMS. The program requires the use of a Grinnell 274 image processor which can be obtained from Mark McCloud Associates, Campbell, CA. An object library of the required GMR series software is included on the distribution media. IMAGEP requires 1Mb of RAM for execution. The standard distribution medium for this program is a 1600 BPI 9track magnetic tape in VAX FILES-11 format. It is also available on a TK50 tape cartridge in VAX FILES-11 format. This program was developed in 1991. DEC, VAX, VMS, and TK50 are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.

Simulation of decay processes and radiation transport times in radioactivity measurements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

García-Toraño, E., E-mail: e.garciatorano@ciemat.es [Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Peyres, V. [Laboratorio de Metrología de Radiaciones Ionizantes, CIEMAT, Avda. Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid (Spain); Bé, M.-M.; Dulieu, C.; Lépy, M.-C. [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), Bldg 602, PC111, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex (France); Salvat, F. [Facultat de Física (FQA and ICC), Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona (Spain)

2017-04-01

The Fortran subroutine package PENNUC, which simulates random decay pathways of radioactive nuclides, is described. The decay scheme of the active nuclide is obtained from the NUCLEIDE database, whose web application has been complemented with the option of exporting nuclear decay data (possible nuclear transitions, branching ratios, type and energy of emitted particles) in a format that is readable by the simulation subroutines. In the case of beta emitters, the initial energy of the electron or positron is sampled from the theoretical Fermi spectrum. De-excitation of the atomic electron cloud following electron capture and internal conversion is described using transition probabilities from the LLNL Evaluated Atomic Data Library and empirical or calculated energies of released X rays and Auger electrons. The time evolution of radiation showers is determined by considering the lifetimes of nuclear and atomic levels, as well as radiation propagation times. Although PENNUC is designed to operate independently, here it is used in conjunction with the electron-photon transport code PENELOPE, and both together allow the simulation of experiments with radioactive sources in complex material structures consisting of homogeneous bodies limited by quadric surfaces. The reliability of these simulation tools is demonstrated through comparisons of simulated and measured energy spectra from radionuclides with complex multi-gamma spectra, nuclides with metastable levels in their decay pathways, nuclides with two daughters, and beta plus emitters.

A new constitutive model for prediction of springback in sheet metal forming

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Appiah, E.; Jain, M.

2004-01-01

With advances in computer capabilities, cost of sheet metal forming has being reducing mainly due to the reduction of trial and error approaches. At the moment, a complete process can be simulated on computer and appropriate forming conditions optimized before actual industrial forming process is carried out. While formability predictions have improved, the problem of springback exhibited by most metal, including aluminum alloy AA6111-T4, after forming persist and often leads to significant part fit-up problems during assembly. There are a number of factors that affect springback and perhaps the most significant one is constitutive equation. In this paper springback predicted by six advanced kinematic models are evaluated. In addition an improved constitutive kinematic model is presented. It is shown that by adding stress correction term (SCT) to Armstrong-Frederick model a relatively simple and yet accurate stress prediction could be obtained. The SCT was developed with the assumption that the yield surface remains convex, yield center depends on translation, size and shape variations of the yield surface. The model is implemented in a commercial finite element code (ABAQUS/Standard) via its user material interface (UMAT). Numerical simulations of U-bending were performed using automotive aluminum sheet material (AA6111-T4). It was noted that springback has inverse relationship with residual stress

Advanced Code for Photocathode Design

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ives, Robert Lawrence [Calabazas Creek Research, Inc., San Mateo, CA (United States); Jensen, Kevin [Naval Research Lab. (NRL), Washington, DC (United States); Montgomery, Eric [Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Bui, Thuc [Calabazas Creek Research, Inc., San Mateo, CA (United States)

2015-12-15

The Phase I activity demonstrated that PhotoQE could be upgraded and modified to allow input using a graphical user interface. Specific calls to platform-dependent (e.g. IMSL) function calls were removed, and Fortran77 components were rewritten for Fortran95 compliance. The subroutines, specifically the common block structures and shared data parameters, were reworked to allow the GUI to update material parameter data, and the system was targeted for desktop personal computer operation. The new structures overcomes the previous rigid and unmodifiable library structures by implementing new, materials library data sets and repositioning the library values to external files. Material data may originate from published literature or experimental measurements. Further optimization and restructuring would allow custom and specific emission models for beam codes that rely on parameterized photoemission algorithms. These would be based on simplified and parametric representations updated and extended from previous versions (e.g., Modified Fowler-Dubridge, Modified Three-Step, etc.).

Soft-edged magnet models for higher-order beam-optics map codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Walstrom, P.L.

2004-01-01

Continuously varying surface and volume source-density distributions are used to model magnetic fields inside of cylindrical volumes. From these distributions, a package of subroutines computes on-axis generalized gradients and their derivatives at arbitrary points on the magnet axis for input to the numerical map-generating subroutines of the Lie-algebraic map code Marylie. In the present version of the package, the magnet menu includes: (1) cylindrical current-sheet or radially thick current distributions with either open boundaries or with a surrounding cylindrical boundary with normal field lines (which models high-permeability iron), (2) Halbach-type permanent multipole magnets, either as sheet magnets or as radially thick magnets, (3) modeling of arbitrary fields inside a cylinder by use of a fictitious current sheet. The subroutines provide on-axis gradients and their z derivatives to essentially arbitrary order, although in the present third- and fifth-order Marylie only the zeroth through sixth derivatives are needed. The formalism is especially useful in beam-optics applications, such as magnetic lenses, where realistic treatment of fringe-field effects is needed

Data analysis and visualization in MCNP trademark

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Waters, L.S.

1994-01-01

There are many situations where the user may wish to go beyond current MCNP capabilities. For example, data produced by the code may need formatting for input into an external graphics package. Limitations on disk space may hinder writing out large PTRAK files. Specialized data analysis routines may be needed to model complex experimental results. One may wish to produce particle histories in a format not currently available in the code. To address these and other similar concerns a new capability in MCNP is being tested. A number of real, integer, logical and character variables describing the current and past characteristics of a particle are made available online to the user in three subroutines. The type of data passed can be controlled by cards in the INP file. The subroutines otherwise are empty, and the user may code in any desired analysis. A new MCNP executable is produced by compiling these subroutines and linking to a library which contains the object files for the rest of the code

Radial power density distribution of MOX fuel rods in the IFA-651

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lee, Byung Ho; Koo, Yang Hyun; Joo, Hyung Kook; Cheon, Jin Sik; Oh, Je Yong; Sohn, Dong Seong [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Taejeon (Korea)

2002-04-01

Two MOX fuel rods, which were fabricated in the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland in cooperation with Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, have been irradiated in the HBWR from June, 2000 in the framework of OECD-HRP together with a reference MOX fuel rod supplied by the BNFL. Since fuel temperature, which is influenced by radial power distribution, is basic in analyzing fuel behavior, it is required to consider radial power distribution in the HBWR. A subroutine FACTOR{sub H}BWR that calculates radial power density distribution for three MOX fuel rods has been developed based on neutron physics results and DEPRESS program. The developed subroutine FACTOR{sub H}BWR gives good agreement with the physics calculation except slight under-prediction at the outer part of the pellet above the burnup of 20 MWd/kgHM. The subroutine will be incorporated into a computer code COSMOS and used to analyze the in-reactor behavior of the three MOX fuel rods during the Halden irradiation test. 24 figs., 4 tabs. (Author)

Radial power density distribution of MOX fuel rods in the HBWR

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koo, Yang Hyun; Joo, Hyung Kook; Lee, Byung Ho; Sohn, Dong Seong

1999-07-01

Two MOX fuel rods, which ar being fabricated in the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Switzerland in cooperation with the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), are going to be irradiated in the HBWR (Halden Boiling Water Reactor) from the beginning of 2000 in the framework of OECD Halden Reactor Programme (HRP) together with a reference MOX fuel rod supplied by the BNFL. Since fuel temperature, which is influenced by radial power distribution, is a basic property in analyzing fuel behavior, it is required to consider radial power distribution in the HBWR. A subroutine FACTOR H BWR that calculates radial power density distribution for three MOX fuel rods have been developed subroutine FACTOR H BWR gives good agreement with the physics calculation except slight underprediction in the central part and a little overprediction at the outer part of the pellet. The subroutine will be incorporated into a computer code COSMOS and used to analyze the in-reactor behavior of the three MOX fuel rods during the Halden irradiation test. (author). 5 refs., 3 tabs., 24 figs

Material efficiency: providing material services with less material production.

Science.gov (United States)

Allwood, Julian M; Ashby, Michael F; Gutowski, Timothy G; Worrell, Ernst

2013-03-13

Material efficiency, as discussed in this Meeting Issue, entails the pursuit of the technical strategies, business models, consumer preferences and policy instruments that would lead to a substantial reduction in the production of high-volume energy-intensive materials required to deliver human well-being. This paper, which introduces a Discussion Meeting Issue on the topic of material efficiency, aims to give an overview of current thinking on the topic, spanning environmental, engineering, economics, sociology and policy issues. The motivations for material efficiency include reducing energy demand, reducing the emissions and other environmental impacts of industry, and increasing national resource security. There are many technical strategies that might bring it about, and these could mainly be implemented today if preferred by customers or producers. However, current economic structures favour the substitution of material for labour, and consumer preferences for material consumption appear to continue even beyond the point at which increased consumption provides any increase in well-being. Therefore, policy will be required to stimulate material efficiency. A theoretically ideal policy measure, such as a carbon price, would internalize the externality of emissions associated with material production, and thus motivate change directly. However, implementation of such a measure has proved elusive, and instead the adjustment of existing government purchasing policies or existing regulations-- for instance to do with building design, planning or vehicle standards--is likely to have a more immediate effect.

Investigation on Mie-Grüneisen type shock Hugoniot equation of state for concrete

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M Katayama

2017-09-01

Full Text Available This paper ascertains that the bilinear shock Hugoniot equation of state (EOS can model the plasticizing process of the porous media like concrete material for high-velocity impact problems successfully. The negative slope of the bilinear Hugoniot for low particle velocity regime can simulate the process that the porosity of concrete may be compressed to form shock wave in concrete, through a series of numerical analyses over the investigation on the physical phenomena. The results of particle velocity for the concrete material are also discussed to be compared with those of non-porous aluminum alloy for 100 and 1000 m/s impact velocities. All the numerical simulations were carried out by applying the bilinear shock Hugoniot EOS to concrete which was linked to the binary object of a hydrocode: ANSYS Autodyn®[1−3] through a user’s subroutine.

Tutorial on state variable based plasticity: an Abaqus UHARD subroutine

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Jansen van Rensburg, GJ

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Since plasticity is path dependent, it is necessary to properly take into account the deformation, strain rate and temperature history in applications such as crash worthiness and ballistics simulations. To accurately model the evolution...

3D Progressive Damage Modeling for Laminated Composite Based on Crack Band Theory and Continuum Damage Mechanics

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, John T.; Pineda, Evan J.; Ranatunga, Vipul; Smeltzer, Stanley S.

2015-01-01

A simple continuum damage mechanics (CDM) based 3D progressive damage analysis (PDA) tool for laminated composites was developed and implemented as a user defined material subroutine to link with a commercially available explicit finite element code. This PDA tool uses linear lamina properties from standard tests, predicts damage initiation with an easy-to-implement Hashin-Rotem failure criteria, and in the damage evolution phase, evaluates the degradation of material properties based on the crack band theory and traction-separation cohesive laws. It follows Matzenmiller et al.'s formulation to incorporate the degrading material properties into the damaged stiffness matrix. Since nonlinear shear and matrix stress-strain relations are not implemented, correction factors are used for slowing the reduction of the damaged shear stiffness terms to reflect the effect of these nonlinearities on the laminate strength predictions. This CDM based PDA tool is implemented as a user defined material (VUMAT) to link with the Abaqus/Explicit code. Strength predictions obtained, using this VUMAT, are correlated with test data for a set of notched specimens under tension and compression loads.

Commentary: The Materials Project: A materials genome approach to accelerating materials innovation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Anubhav Jain

2013-07-01

Full Text Available Accelerating the discovery of advanced materials is essential for human welfare and sustainable, clean energy. In this paper, we introduce the Materials Project (www.materialsproject.org, a core program of the Materials Genome Initiative that uses high-throughput computing to uncover the properties of all known inorganic materials. This open dataset can be accessed through multiple channels for both interactive exploration and data mining. The Materials Project also seeks to create open-source platforms for developing robust, sophisticated materials analyses. Future efforts will enable users to perform ‘‘rapid-prototyping’’ of new materials in silico, and provide researchers with new avenues for cost-effective, data-driven materials design.

Age-related mechanical strength evolution of trabecular bone under fatigue damage for both genders: Fracture risk evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Ben Kahla, Rabeb; Barkaoui, Abdelwahed; Merzouki, Tarek

2018-05-04

Bone tissue is a living composite material, providing mechanical and homeostatic functions, and able to constantly adapt its microstructure to changes in long term loading. This adaptation is conducted by a physiological process, known as "bone remodeling". This latter is manifested by interactions between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, and can be influenced by many local factors, via effects on bone cell differentiation and proliferation. In the current work, age and gender effects on damage rate evolution, throughout life, have been investigated using a mechanobiological finite element modeling. To achieve the aim, a mathematical model has been developed, coupling both cell activities and mechanical behavior of trabecular bone, under cyclic loadings. A series of computational simulations (ABAQUS/UMAT) has been performed on a 3D human proximal femur, allowing to investigate the effects of mechanical and biological parameters on mechanical strength of trabecular bone, in order to evaluate the fracture risk resulting from fatigue damage. The obtained results revealed that mechanical stimulus amplitude affects bone resorption and formation rates, and indicated that age and gender are major factors in bone response to the applied loadings. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Computational Materials Science | Materials Science | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

Computational Materials Science Computational Materials Science An image of interconnecting, sphere science capabilities span many research fields and interests. Electronic, Optical, and Transport Properties of Photovoltaic Materials Material properties and defect physics of Si, CdTe, III-V, CIGS, CZTS

ANIBAL - a Hybrid Computer Language for EAI 680-PDP 8/I, FPP 12

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Højberg, Kristian Søe

1974-01-01

and special hybrid computer commands. ANIBAL consists of a general-purpose analog interface subroutine ANI and the macro processor 8BAL (DECUS NO 8-497A.1). When a source program with FORTRAN and 8BAL statements is processed, the FORTRAN statements are transferred unchanged, while the 8BAL code is translated...... essentially to ANI sub-routine calls, which are defined in a macro library. The resulting code is translated by the standard FORTRAN compiler. The language is very flexible as the instructions can be changed and commands can be added to or excluded from the library ....

Algorithm 865

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gustavson, Fred G.; Reid, John K.; Wasniewski, Jerzy

2007-01-01

We present subroutines for the Cholesky factorization of a positive-definite symmetric matrix and for solving corresponding sets of linear equations. They exploit cache memory by using the block hybrid format proposed by the authors in a companion article. The matrix is packed into n(n + 1)/2 real...... variables, and the speed is usually better than that of the LAPACK algorithm that uses full storage (n2 variables). Included are subroutines for rearranging a matrix whose upper or lower-triangular part is packed by columns to this format and for the inverse rearrangement. Also included is a kernel...

The new control system for TARN-2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Watanabe, S.; Yoshizawa, M.; Yoshizawa, J.; Katayama, T.; Aoki, K.; Ohnishi, K.

1992-01-01

The new control system for the cooler-synchrotron. TARN-2, is described. The new control system consists of OPU's (work stations) and EXU (control computer) linked with the local area network. The text message is used to transfer the control commands and their results. The control program CSA90 at EXU decodes the text message and executes it with the aid of the interface and periodic control subroutines. Both subroutines use common sharable image composed of the status, values, parameters and so on. The CAMAC, GPIB and RS232C are standard interface at EXU. (author)

Solution of the diffusion equation (2 dimensions, several media, arbitrary boundary)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nuyen, Luong Than

1965-05-01

Quite often practical problems involve relatively complicated geometrical shapes and several very different media. The discretization technique used here (variable mesh spacings) has the following advantages: it enables one to approximate curved contours more easily, to distribute the mesh points more economically and to smooth out discontinuities due to two very different media (danger of poor convergence). The method of programming by subroutines makes available to engineers and scientists who are not well acquainted with numerical analysis, a simple and foolproof iterative method: it suffices to pass by all the mesh points and to call the corresponding subroutine each time. (author) [fr

Materials Discovery | Materials Science | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

Discovery Materials Discovery Images of red and yellow particles NREL's research in materials characterization of sample by incoming beam and measuring outgoing particles, with data being stored and analyzed Staff Scientist Dr. Zakutayev specializes in design of novel semiconductor materials for energy

Materials 2014: a great success for materials sector

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Isnard, Olivier; Crepin, Jerome

2014-01-01

In this work are presented the summaries of the 19 symposiums presented at the conference: 'Materials 2014' and whose topics were: eco-materials, materials for energy storage and conversion, strategic materials, rare elements and recycling, surfaces functionalization and physico-chemical characterization, interfaces and coatings, corrosion, aging, durability, damage mechanical behaviours, disordered materials, glasses and their functionalization, materials and health, functional materials, porous, granular and with a high surface area materials, nano-materials, nano-structured systems, assembling processes, carbonaceous materials, great instruments and studies of materials, materials in severe conditions, powder forming processes, metallic materials and structures lightening. (O.M.)

Toleransi UmaT Beragama Di Desa Loloan, JemBrana, Bali (Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Sejarah)

OpenAIRE

KARIM, M. ABDUL

2016-01-01

This paper aims to discuss the history of religious tolerance in Jembrana, Bali, which is shaped by the culture embraced by the local community; both Hindus and Muslims. Culture itself can be a unifier of the differences that exist, including in terms of religious differences. Based on that, the reality of Jembrana society, which repersent Balinese culture with religious diversity (Hinduism as a native and Islam as migrants from Java and Makassar) could be approached through a cultural one. T...

Towards Materials Sustainability through Materials Stewardship

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Christopher D. Taylor

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Materials sustainability requires a concerted change in philosophy across the entire materials lifecycle, orienting around the theme of materials stewardship. In this paper, we address the opportunities for improved materials conservation through dematerialization, durability, design for second life, and diversion of waste streams through industrial symbiosis.

Brazing of special metallic materials and material combinations using a special material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lison, R.

1981-01-01

The special materials include metals of groups IVa, Va and VIa of the periodic tables and their alloys. Their particular properties have won them applications in many highly specialized industries. For these materials to be used, mastery of thermal joining methods appropriate to their characteristics is necessary. High-temperature brazing is one such method for joining special materials. This paper presents variants of this technique suitable for each individual special material. Compatibility tests between various brazing metals and various special materials have been carried out by simulating the temperature/time cycle involved in brazing procedures. Special materials are relatively expensive, and their special properties are not required at every point in a structure: elsewhere they can be replaced by a different special material or by other metals or alloys. This means that joints must be made between two special materials or between a special material and a conventional material. When certain conditions are fulfilled, such joins can be made by high-temperature brazing. This paper also shows the extent to which the geometry of the join determines the choice of process. Example of applications are also given. (orig.)

Development of Numerical Analysis Techniques Based on Damage Mechanics and Fracture Mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chang, Yoon Suk; Lee, Dock Jin; Choi, Shin Beom; Kim, Sun Hye; Cho, Doo Ho; Lee, Hyun Boo

2010-04-01

The scatter of measured fracture toughness data and transferability problems among different crack configurations as well as geometry and loading conditions are major obstacles for application of fracture mechanics. To address these issues, recently, concerns on the local approach employing reliable micro-mechanical damage models are being increased again in connection with a progress of computational technology. In the present research, as part of development of fracture mechanical evaluation model for material degradation of reactor pressure boundary, several investigations on fracture behaviors were carried out. Especially, a numerical scheme to determine key parameters consisting both cleavage and ductile fracture estimate models was changed efficiently by incorporating a genetic algorithm. Also, with regard to the well-known master curve, newly reported methods such as bimodal master curve, randomly inhomogeneous master curve and single point estimation were reviewed to deal with homogeneous and inhomogeneous material characteristics. A series of preliminary finite element analyses was conducted to examine the element size effect on micro-mechanical models. Then, a new thickness correction equation was derived from parametric three-dimensional numerical simulations, which was founded on the current test standard, ASTM E1921, but could lead to get more realistic fracture toughness values. As a result, promising modified master curves as well as fracture toughness diagrams to convert data between pre-cracked V-notched and compact tension specimens were generated. Moreover, a user-subroutine in relation to GTN(Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman) model was made by adopting Hill's 48 yield potential theory. By applying GTN model combined with the subroutine to small punch specimens, the effect of inhomogeneous properties on fracture behaviors of miniature specimens was confirmed. Therefore, it is anticipated that the aforementioned enhanced research results can be utilized

POLA PEMBELAJARAN ILMU KALAM DI PTAI (Kasus Ikhtiar Rekonsiliasi dalam Memahami Perbuatan Manusia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Edi Susanto

2008-07-01

Full Text Available Salah satu problem teologis berkaitan dengan perbuatan manusia adalah apakah manusia itu bebas berkreasi dalam menentukan perbuatannya sendiri ataukah semuanya serba ditentukan oleh Tuhan. Sehubungan dengan fenomena ini, muncul beragam perspektif sehingga kita mengenal Mu’tazilah, Jabariyah, Asy’ariyah dan Maturidiyah dengan seluk beluk doktrinalnya yang berposisi secara resisprokal. Tulisan ini berusaha mendeskripsikan hal yang mesti dilakukan oleh umat Islam –melalui transformasi keilmuan di perguruan tinggi agama Islam – dalam menghadapi fenomena aliran teologi yang bersifat resisprokal tersebut dengan tidak berpretensi untuk mendamaikannya dengan sebab ikhtiar tersebut akan terjebak pada pola pikir Hegelian.

TRANSFORMATION OF MAQÂSHID Al-SYARÎ’AH (An Overview of the Development of Islamic Law in Indonesia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Absori .

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Abstract:This study is part of an effort to systematize the basic conception of the values of the sharia as the foundation in the life of nation and state life, where the orientation is to embody the essence of the religious life through the maqâshid al-syarî`ah. Islam as al-dîn has been providing the basics of life of Muslims through the al-Qur’an and as-Sunnah. Both of these contain guidance values of human life, including in running the sharia for Muslims. Sharia (syarî`ah in perspective of terminology is "street". In an isthilâhî perspective, it is a way to get to God. The basic meaning of sharia itself should be realized in the basic understanding maqâshid al-syarî`ah, which can be interpreted within the scope of statehood, because the meaning contained are the values of universality of maqâshid al-syarî`ah. In the context of Indonesian, then maqâshid al-syarî`ah is part of the basic conception air Almighty God with the aim of creating prosperity for the people of Indonesia. In this study, the approach used is the doctrinal bases to study literature. This study is the strengthening of the maqâshid al-syarî`ah as the basis for the development of Islamic law.Abstrak:Kajian ini merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk sistematisasi konsep dasar dari nilai-nilai syari’ah sebagai pondasi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan kehidupan bernegara, dimana orientasi tersebut adalah untuk mewujudkan hakikat kehidupan dalam beragama melalui maqâshid al-syarî`ah. Islam sebagai al-dîn telah memberikan dasar-dasar kehidupan umat Muslim melalui al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Kedua hal tersebut mengandung nilai-nilai tuntunan kehidupan umat manusia termasuk dalam menjalankan syariah bagi umat Muslim. Syari’ah dalam perspektif terminologi merupakan “jalan”. Sedangkan secara isthilâhî, ia dimaknai sebagai jalan untuk sampai kepada Allah SWT. Makna dasar dari syari’ah itu sendiri harus diwujudkan dalam pemahaman dasar maqâshid al-syarî’ah, di

Progressive Salafism in Online Fatwa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

R. Rusli

2015-04-01

nilai-nilai universal yang memberikan kontribusi bagi penciptaan masyarakat global yang pluralis. Karena watak modernnya, bahasa yang digunakan oleh situs ini cenderung tidak menekankan pada pengharaman dan pelabelan “bidah”, namun menekankan pada solusi terhadap masalah-masalah yang dihadapi masyarakat. Terkait dengan bahasa sosial-politik, konsep umat dipahami dalam cara yang inklusif. Umat didasari pada prinsip iman dan Islam, dan diikat oleh solidaritas pesan Alquran tentang monoteisme Islam (tawḥīd dan keadilan (‘adl. Konsep umat mengarah kepada konsep Alquran seperti ummah wasaṭ atau ummah muqtaṣidah, yang berarti “komunitas yang moderat”.

Materials Informatics: Statistical Modeling in Material Science.

Science.gov (United States)

Yosipof, Abraham; Shimanovich, Klimentiy; Senderowitz, Hanoch

2016-12-01

Material informatics is engaged with the application of informatic principles to materials science in order to assist in the discovery and development of new materials. Central to the field is the application of data mining techniques and in particular machine learning approaches, often referred to as Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) modeling, to derive predictive models for a variety of materials-related "activities". Such models can accelerate the development of new materials with favorable properties and provide insight into the factors governing these properties. Here we provide a comparison between medicinal chemistry/drug design and materials-related QSAR modeling and highlight the importance of developing new, materials-specific descriptors. We survey some of the most recent QSAR models developed in materials science with focus on energetic materials and on solar cells. Finally we present new examples of material-informatic analyses of solar cells libraries produced from metal oxides using combinatorial material synthesis. Different analyses lead to interesting physical insights as well as to the design of new cells with potentially improved photovoltaic parameters. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

An enhanced Brinson model with modified kinetics for martensite transformation

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Young-Jin; Lee, Jung Ju [Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Ju-Won [Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of); Lim, Jae Hyuk [Chonbuk National University, Jeonju (Korea, Republic of)

2017-03-15

We propose an enhanced Brinson model with modified kinetics for martensite transformation. Two additional material constants are considered to follow the stress-temperature diagram above austenite start temperature (As) along with treatment to keep the continuity of the martensite volume fraction and the path dependency of the phase transformation. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed model, we implement this algorithm into ABAQUS user subroutine, then conduct several numerical simulations and compare their results with SMA wire experiments as well as those of three-dimensional SMA constitutive models. From the results, it turns out that the proposed model is as accurate as the three-dimensional models and shows better accuracy over original Brinson model in terms of recovery stress.

A comparison of thermal algorithms of fuel rod performance code systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, C. J.; Park, J. H.; Kang, K. H.; Ryu, H. J.; Moon, J. S.; Jeong, I. H.; Lee, C. Y.; Song, K. C.

2003-11-01

The goal of the fuel rod performance is to identify the robustness of a fuel rod with cladding material. Computer simulation of the fuel rod performance becomes one of important parts to designed and evaluate new nuclear fuels and claddings. To construct a computing code system for the fuel rod performance, several algorithms of the existing fuel rod performance code systems are compared and are summarized as a preliminary work. Among several code systems, FRAPCON, and FEMAXI for LWR, ELESTRES for CANDU reactor, and LIFE for fast reactor are reviewed. Thermal algorithms of the above codes are investigated including methodologies and subroutines. This work will be utilized to construct a computing code system for dry process fuel rod performance

A comparison of thermal algorithms of fuel rod performance code systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, C. J.; Park, J. H.; Kang, K. H.; Ryu, H. J.; Moon, J. S.; Jeong, I. H.; Lee, C. Y.; Song, K. C

2003-11-01

The goal of the fuel rod performance is to identify the robustness of a fuel rod with cladding material. Computer simulation of the fuel rod performance becomes one of important parts to designed and evaluate new nuclear fuels and claddings. To construct a computing code system for the fuel rod performance, several algorithms of the existing fuel rod performance code systems are compared and are summarized as a preliminary work. Among several code systems, FRAPCON, and FEMAXI for LWR, ELESTRES for CANDU reactor, and LIFE for fast reactor are reviewed. Thermal algorithms of the above codes are investigated including methodologies and subroutines. This work will be utilized to construct a computing code system for dry process fuel rod performance.

The CEASEMT system (Calculation and Analysis of Structures in Mechanics and Thermics). Program TRICO. Analysis of tridimensionnal structures made of shells and beams. Statics - Dynamics - Elasticity - Plasticity - Collapse - Large displacements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hoffmann, Alain; Jeanpierre, Francoise.

1976-01-01

The TRICO subroutine of the CEASEMT system is especially intended for elastic or plastic computation of structures made of thin shells and beams. TRICO involves the finite element method for shells and beams, and is also suitable for a dynamic structural analysis: eigenmode and eigenfrequency analysis, and analysis of the response to various sinusoidal excitations, or time dependent elastic and plastic loading. Structures may have various shapes composed of a number of materials. Data are distributed between different optional commands having a precise physical sense, corresponding to a sequential program. A dynamic memory control provides the adaptation of the size of the program to that of the problem to be solved [fr

Gas storage materials, including hydrogen storage materials

Science.gov (United States)

Mohtadi, Rana F; Wicks, George G; Heung, Leung K; Nakamura, Kenji

2013-02-19

A material for the storage and release of gases comprises a plurality of hollow elements, each hollow element comprising a porous wall enclosing an interior cavity, the interior cavity including structures of a solid-state storage material. In particular examples, the storage material is a hydrogen storage material such as a solid state hydride. An improved method for forming such materials includes the solution diffusion of a storage material solution through a porous wall of a hollow element into an interior cavity.

SIFAIL: a subprogram to calculate cladding deformation and damage for fast reactor fuel pins

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, D.R.; Dutt, D.S.

1979-05-01

SIFAIL is a series of subroutines used in conjunction with the thermal performance models of SIEX to assist in the evaluation of mechanical performance of mixed uranium plutonium oxide fuel pins. Cladding deformations due to swelling and creep are calculated. These have been compared to post-irradiation data from fuel pin tests in EBR-II. Several fuel pin cladding failure criteria (cumulative damage, total strain, and thermal creep strain) are evaluated to provide the fuel pin designer with a basis to select design parameters. SIFAIL allows the user many property options for cladding material. Code input is limited to geometric and environmental parameters, with a consistent set of material properties provided by the code. The simplified, yet adequate, thin wall stress--strain calculations provide a reliable estimate of fuel pin mechanical performance, while requiring a small amount of core storage and computer running time

A 3D finite-strain-based constitutive model for shape memory alloys accounting for thermomechanical coupling and martensite reorientation

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Jun; Moumni, Ziad; Zhang, Weihong; Xu, Yingjie; Zaki, Wael

2017-06-01

The paper presents a finite-strain constitutive model for shape memory alloys (SMAs) that accounts for thermomechanical coupling and martensite reorientation. The finite-strain formulation is based on a two-tier, multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into thermal, elastic, and inelastic parts, where the inelastic deformation is further split into phase transformation and martensite reorientation components. A time-discrete formulation of the constitutive equations is proposed and a numerical integration algorithm is presented featuring proper symmetrization of the tensor variables and explicit formulation of the material and spatial tangent operators involved. The algorithm is used for finite element analysis of SMA components subjected to various loading conditions, including uniaxial, non-proportional, isothermal and adiabatic loading cases. The analysis is carried out using the FEA software Abaqus by means of a user-defined material subroutine, which is then utilized to simulate a SMA archwire undergoing large strains and rotations.

User's manual for ASTERIX-2: A two-dimensional modular code system for the steady state and xenon transient analysis of a pebble bed high temperature reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, T.; Cowan, C.L.; Lauer, A.; Schwiegk, H.J.

1982-03-01

The ASTERIX modular code package was developed at KFA Laboratory-Juelich for the steady state and xenon transient analysis of a pebble bed high temperature reactor. The code package was implemented on the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Computer in August, 1980, and a user's manual for the current version of the code, identified as ASTERIX-2, was prepared as a cooperative effort by KFA Laboratory and GE-ARSD. The material in the manual includes the requirements for accessing the program, a description of the major subroutines, a listing of the input options, and a listing of the input data for a sample problem. The material is provided in sufficient detail for the user to carry out a wide range of analysis from steady state operations to the xenon induced power transients in which the local xenon, temperature, buckling and control feedback effects have been incorporated in the problem solution. (orig.)

User's manual for ASTERIX-2: a two-dimensional modular-code system for the steady-state and xenon-transient analysis of a pebble-bed high-temperature reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauer, A.; Schwiegk, H.J.; Wu, T.; Cowan, C.L.

1982-03-01

The ASTERIX modular code package was developed at KFA Laboratory-Juelich for the steady state and xenon transient analysis of a pebble bed high temperature reactor. The code package was implemented on the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Computer in August, 1980, and a user's manual for the current version of the code, identified as ASTERIX-2, was prepared as a cooperative effort by KFA Laboratory and GE-ARSD. The material in the manual includes the requirements for accessing the program, a description of the major subroutines, a listing of the input options, and a listing of the input data for a sample problem. The material is provided in sufficient detail for the user to carry out a wide range of analyses from steady state operations to the xenon induced power transients in which the local xenon, temperature, buckling and control feedback effects have been incorporated in the problem solution

Knowledge based system for control rod programming of BWRs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fukuzaki, Takaharu; Yoshida, Ken-ichi; Kobayashi, Yasuhiro

1988-01-01

A knowledge based system has been developed to support designers in control rod programming of BWRs. The programming searches through optimal control rod patterns to realize safe and effective burning of nuclear fuel. Knowledge of experienced designers plays the main role in minimizing the number of calculations by the core performance evaluation code. This code predicts power distibution and thermal margins of the nuclear fuel. This knowledge is transformed into 'if-then' type rules and subroutines, and is stored in a knowledge base of the knowledge based system. The system consists of working area, an inference engine and the knowledge base. The inference engine can detect those data which have to be regenerated, call those subroutine which control the user's interface and numerical computations, and store competitive sets of data in different parts of the working area. Using this system, control rod programming of a BWR plant was traced with about 500 rules and 150 subroutines. Both the generation of control rod patterns for the first calculation of the code and the modification of a control rod pattern to reflect the calculation were completed more effectively than in a conventional method. (author)

Control programs of multichannel pulse height analyzer with CAMAC system using FACOM U-200 mini-computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamagishi, Kojiro

1978-02-01

The 4096 channel Pulse Height Analyzer (PHA) assembled with CAMAC plug-in units has been developed in JAERI. The PHA consists of ADC unit, CRT-display unit, and CAMAC plug-in units, which are memory-controller, MCA-timer, 4K words RAM memory and CRT-driver. The system is on-line connected to FACOM U-200 Mini-Computer through CAMAC interface unit Crate-controller. The softwares for on-line data acquisition of the system have been developed. These are four utility programs written in FORTRAN and two program packages written in assembler language FASP which are CAMAC Program Package and Basic Input/Output Program Package. CAMAC Program Package has 18 subroutine programs for control of CAMAC plug-in units from FACOM U-200 Mini-Computer; and Basic Input/Output Program Package has 26 subroutine programs to input/output data to/from a typewriter, keyboard, cassette magnetic tape and open reel magnetic tape. These subroutine programs are all FORTRAN callable. The PHA with CAMAC system is first outlined, and then usage is described in detail of four utility programs, CAMAC Program Package and Basic Input/Output Program Package. (auth.)

Hypervelocity Impact Test Fragment Modeling: Modifications to the Fragment Rotation Analysis and Lightcurve Code

Science.gov (United States)

Gouge, Michael F.

2011-01-01

Hypervelocity impact tests on test satellites are performed by members of the orbital debris scientific community in order to understand and typify the on-orbit collision breakup process. By analysis of these test satellite fragments, the fragment size and mass distributions are derived and incorporated into various orbital debris models. These same fragments are currently being put to new use using emerging technologies. Digital models of these fragments are created using a laser scanner. A group of computer programs referred to as the Fragment Rotation Analysis and Lightcurve code uses these digital representations in a multitude of ways that describe, measure, and model on-orbit fragments and fragment behavior. The Dynamic Rotation subroutine generates all of the possible reflected intensities from a scanned fragment as if it were observed to rotate dynamically while in orbit about the Earth. This calls an additional subroutine that graphically displays the intensities and the resulting frequency of those intensities as a range of solar phase angles in a Probability Density Function plot. This document reports the additions and modifications to the subset of the Fragment Rotation Analysis and Lightcurve concerned with the Dynamic Rotation and Probability Density Function plotting subroutines.

Reference for the INDRA CHIO-Si identification and the energy loss routines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Filippo, E. de.

1995-12-01

The subroutines of ''VEDASAC'' library permit the charge identification of light charged particles and heavy ions that are stopped in ionization chambers and Si (CHIO-Si) of 2-9 rings. In section 2 the subroutines in the version used for Ar+Ni reaction of the first campaign of experiments are described together with the general structure of the program. In section 3 the method used to construct cuts for identification and code's assignment is shown. In section 4 the program to draw cuts is described. In section 5 the subroutines, files, common contents, etc. are described in detail to permit their modification and use for the others campaigns of experiments. In section 6 the energy loss routines are described. Note that information on pulse generator and pedestals were not used for the Ar+Ni identification, so all controls on stability and goodness of superposition between various modules are not automatic, but obtained using data-files that contain information about nodules during the various runs. This should be modified, if possible, for the second campaign of experiments. (author). 8 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs., 1 append

Materials, critical materials and clean-energy technologies

Science.gov (United States)

Eggert, R.

2017-07-01

Modern engineered materials, components and systems depend on raw materials whose properties provide essential functionality to these technologies. Some of these raw materials are subject to supply-chain risks, and such materials are known as critical materials. This paper reviews corporate, national and world perspectives on material criticality. It then narrows its focus to studies that assess "what is critical" to clean-energy technologies. The focus on supply-chain risks is not meant to be alarmist but rather to encourage attention to monitoring these risks and pursuing technological innovation to mitigate the risks.

3D FEM Simulation of Flank Wear in Turning

Science.gov (United States)

Attanasio, Aldo; Ceretti, Elisabetta; Giardini, Claudio

2011-05-01

This work deals with tool wear simulation. Studying the influence of tool wear on tool life, tool substitution policy and influence on final part quality, surface integrity, cutting forces and power consumption it is important to reduce the global process costs. Adhesion, abrasion, erosion, diffusion, corrosion and fracture are some of the phenomena responsible of the tool wear depending on the selected cutting parameters: cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of cut, …. In some cases these wear mechanisms are described by analytical models as a function of process variables (temperature, pressure and sliding velocity along the cutting surface). These analytical models are suitable to be implemented in FEM codes and they can be utilized to simulate the tool wear. In the present paper a commercial 3D FEM software has been customized to simulate the tool wear during turning operations when cutting AISI 1045 carbon steel with uncoated tungsten carbide tip. The FEM software was improved by means of a suitable subroutine able to modify the tool geometry on the basis of the estimated tool wear as the simulation goes on. Since for the considered couple of tool-workpiece material the main phenomena generating wear are the abrasive and the diffusive ones, the tool wear model implemented into the subroutine was obtained as combination between the Usui's and the Takeyama and Murata's models. A comparison between experimental and simulated flank tool wear curves is reported demonstrating that it is possible to simulate the tool wear development.

NSLINK: NJOY-SCALE-LINK

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Leege, P.F.A. de

1991-05-01

NSLINK is a set of computer codes to couple the NJOY cross-section generation code to the SCALE-3 code system (using AMPX-2 master library format) retaining the Nordheim resolved resonance treatment option. The following codes are included in NSLINK: XLACSR, a stripped-down version of the XLACS-2 code; MILER, converts NJOY output (GENDF format) to AMPX-2 master format; UNITABR, a revised version of the UNITAB code; BONAMI, in order to take into account the combination of Bondarenko and Nordheim resonance treatment, certain subroutines are included in the package which replace some subroutines in the BONAMI code. (author). 6 refs., 1 fig

SGV: a code to evaluate plasma reaction rates to a specified accuracy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Devoto, R.S.; Hanson, J.D.

1978-09-22

A FORTRAN code to evaluate binary reaction rates (sigmav) for a plasma to a specified accuracy is described. Distribution functions permitted are (1) two Maxwellian species at different temperatures, (2) beam-Maxwellian, (3) cold gas with Maxwellian, and (4) beam-plasma with mirror distribution of the form f(v) varies as f(v) M (cos theta). Several functional forms are permitted for f(v) and M(cos theta). Cross-section subroutines for a number of interactions involving hydrogen, helium, and electrons are included, as is a routine allowing input of numerical data. The code is written as a subroutine to allow ready incorporation into larger plasma codes.

Study of instabilities in phase by using the tool {sup D}ynamics{sup :} analysis of the evolution space temporary of the waves of density in channels of reactors BWR; Estudio de las Inestabilidades en Fase Mediante la Herramienta Dinamics: analisis de la Evolucion Espacio Temporal de las Ondas de Densidad en Canales de Reactores BWR

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Munoz-Cobo, J. L.; Escriva, R.; Merino, R.; Melara, J.

2013-07-01

This paper presents the basics of Dynamics V2 to code It allows calculations of stability for oscillations in phase in BWR reactors in the time domain. The equations of the model are exposed and is the integration of the equations. The model can be used in a large number of nodes thrust for the calculations to an acceptable computational cost, it has simplified dynamics of recirculation loop and the code has been incorporated the Oscillation in phase boundary conditions. The code incorporates the equations of boiling sub-cooled which allows to make more realistic calculations as well as subroutines to calculate the subroutines-based properties of the MATPRO and ASME.

Implementation of a PETN failure model using ARIA's general chemistry framework

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hobbs, Michael L. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2017-01-01

We previously developed a PETN thermal decomposition model that accurately predicts thermal ignition and detonator failure [1]. This model was originally developed for CALORE [2] and required several complex user subroutines. Recently, a simplified version of the PETN decomposition model was implemented into ARIA [3] using a general chemistry framework without need for user subroutines. Detonator failure was also predicted with this new model using ENCORE. The model was simplified by 1) basing the model on moles rather than mass, 2) simplifying the thermal conductivity model, and 3) implementing ARIA’s new phase change model. This memo briefly describes the model, implementation, and validation.

Material Science

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Won, Dong Yeon; Kim, Heung

1987-08-15

This book introduces material science, which includes key of a high-tech industry, new materials of dream like new metal material and semiconductor, classification of materials, microstructure of materials and characteristic. It mentions magic new materials such as shape memory alloy, fine ceramics, engineering fine ceramics, electronic ceramics, engineering plastic, glass, silicone conductor, optical fiber mixed materials and integrated circuit, challenge for new material and development of new materials.

Material Science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Won, Dong Yeon; Kim, Heung

1987-08-01

This book introduces material science, which includes key of a high-tech industry, new materials of dream like new metal material and semiconductor, classification of materials, microstructure of materials and characteristic. It mentions magic new materials such as shape memory alloy, fine ceramics, engineering fine ceramics, electronic ceramics, engineering plastic, glass, silicone conductor, optical fiber mixed materials and integrated circuit, challenge for new material and development of new materials.

Materials, critical materials and clean-energy technologies

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eggert R.

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Modern engineered materials, components and systems depend on raw materials whose properties provide essential functionality to these technologies. Some of these raw materials are subject to supply-chain risks, and such materials are known as critical materials. This paper reviews corporate, national and world perspectives on material criticality. It then narrows its focus to studies that assess “what is critical” to clean-energy technologies. The focus on supply-chain risks is not meant to be alarmist but rather to encourage attention to monitoring these risks and pursuing technological innovation to mitigate the risks.

Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 2 Materials

CERN Document Server

Günter, Peter

2007-01-01

Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 2: Materials is the second of three volumes within the Springer Series in Optical Sciences. The book gives a comprehensive review of the most important photorefractive materials and discusses the physical properties of organic and inorganic crystals as well as poled polymers. In this volume, photorefractive effects have been investigated at wavelengths covering the UV, visible and near infrared. Researchers in the field and graduate students of solid-state physics and engineering will gain a thorough understanding of the properties of materials in photorefractive applications. The other two volumes are: Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 1: Basic Effects. Photorefractive Materials and Their Applications 3: Applications.

Development of a multi-scale simulation model of tube hydroforming for superconducting RF cavities

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, H.S. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States); Sumption, M.D., E-mail: sumption.3@osu.edu [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States); Bong, H.J. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States); Lim, H. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM (United States); Collings, E.W. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (United States)

2017-01-02

This work focuses on finite element modeling of the hydroforming process for niobium tubes intended for use in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. The hydroforming of tubular samples into SRF-relevant shapes involves the complex geometries and loading conditions which develop during the deformation, as well as anisotropic materials properties. Numerical description of the process entails relatively complex numerical simulations. A crystal plasticity (CP) model was constructed that included the evolution of crystallographic orientation during deformation as well as the anisotropy of tubes in all directions and loading conditions. In this work we demonstrate a multi-scale simulation approach which uses both microscopic CP and macroscopic continuum models. In this approach a CP model (developed and implemented into ABAQUS using UMAT) was used for determining the flow stress curve only under bi-axial loading in order to reduce the computing time. The texture of the materials obtained using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and tensile test data were inputs for this model. Continuum FE analysis of tube hydroforming using the obtained constitutive equation from the CP modeling was then performed and compared to the results of hydraulic bulge testing. The results show that high quality predictions of the deformation under hydroforming of Nb tubes can be obtained using CP-FEM based on their known texture and the results of tensile tests. The importance of the CP-FEM based approach is that it reduces the need for hydraulic bulge testing, using a relatively simple computational approach.

Development of a multi-scale simulation model of tube hydroforming for superconducting RF cavities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, H.S.; Sumption, M.D.; Bong, H.J.; Lim, H.; Collings, E.W.

2017-01-01

This work focuses on finite element modeling of the hydroforming process for niobium tubes intended for use in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities. The hydroforming of tubular samples into SRF-relevant shapes involves the complex geometries and loading conditions which develop during the deformation, as well as anisotropic materials properties. Numerical description of the process entails relatively complex numerical simulations. A crystal plasticity (CP) model was constructed that included the evolution of crystallographic orientation during deformation as well as the anisotropy of tubes in all directions and loading conditions. In this work we demonstrate a multi-scale simulation approach which uses both microscopic CP and macroscopic continuum models. In this approach a CP model (developed and implemented into ABAQUS using UMAT) was used for determining the flow stress curve only under bi-axial loading in order to reduce the computing time. The texture of the materials obtained using orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) and tensile test data were inputs for this model. Continuum FE analysis of tube hydroforming using the obtained constitutive equation from the CP modeling was then performed and compared to the results of hydraulic bulge testing. The results show that high quality predictions of the deformation under hydroforming of Nb tubes can be obtained using CP-FEM based on their known texture and the results of tensile tests. The importance of the CP-FEM based approach is that it reduces the need for hydraulic bulge testing, using a relatively simple computational approach.

Materials Characterization and Microelectronic Implementation of Metal-insulator Transition Materials and Phase Change Materials

Science.gov (United States)

2015-03-26

materials like crystalline semiconductors, graphene , and composites, the materials discussed here could have a significant impact. This thesis investigates...diagnosis [124], crystallinity of pharmaceutical materials [125], materials diagnosis for restoration of paintings [126], and materials research [127...temperature dots and paint were placed on samples on the substrate. Temperature dots are typically used in the transportation of goods such as food in order

Prediction of fracture initiation in square cup drawing of DP980 using an anisotropic ductile fracture criterion

Science.gov (United States)

Park, N.; Huh, H.; Yoon, J. W.

2017-09-01

This paper deals with the prediction of fracture initiation in square cup drawing of DP980 steel sheet with the thickness of 1.2 mm. In an attempt to consider the influence of material anisotropy on the fracture initiation, an uncoupled anisotropic ductile fracture criterion is developed based on the Lou—Huh ductile fracture criterion. Tensile tests are carried out at different loading directions of 0°, 45°, and 90° to the rolling direction of the sheet using various specimen geometries including pure shear, dog-bone, and flat grooved specimens so as to calibrate the parameters of the proposed fracture criterion. Equivalent plastic strain distribution on the specimen surface is computed using Digital Image Correlation (DIC) method until surface crack initiates. The proposed fracture criterion is implemented into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit by developing the Vectorized User-defined MATerial (VUMAT) subroutine which features the non-associated flow rule. Simulation results of the square cup drawing test clearly show that the proposed fracture criterion is capable of predicting the fracture initiation with sufficient accuracy considering the material anisotropy.

Reference material systems: a sourcebook for material assessment

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bhagat, N. (ed.)

1976-12-01

A reference set of data related to material systems and a framework for carrying out the material technologies assessment are presented. While the bulk of renewables have been considered in this report, the nonrenewable materials dealt with here include structural materials only, such as steel, aluminum, cement and concrete, and bricks. The complete data set is supposed to include material flows, energy requirements, capital and labor inputs, and environmental effects for each process that a resource must go through to become a useful material for an end use. Although effort has been made to obtain as much information as possible, considerable gaps in data, apparent throughout this report, could not be avoided. A new material technology can be evaluated by substituting that technology for appropriate elements of the reference materials system and calculating the net change in material resource, energy, capital and labor requirements, and environmental impacts. This combination of information thus serves as a means of evaluating the potential benefits to be gained by research in various material technologies.

Modeling Non-Linear Material Properties in Composite Materials

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-28

Technical Report ARWSB-TR-16013 MODELING NON-LINEAR MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS Michael F. Macri Andrew G...REPORT TYPE Technical 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE MODELING NON-LINEAR MATERIAL PROPERTIES IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS ...systems are increasingly incorporating composite materials into their design. Many of these systems subject the composites to environmental conditions

Materialism.

Science.gov (United States)

Melnyk, Andrew

2012-05-01

Materialism is nearly universally assumed by cognitive scientists. Intuitively, materialism says that a person's mental states are nothing over and above his or her material states, while dualism denies this. Philosophers have introduced concepts (e.g., realization and supervenience) to assist in formulating the theses of materialism and dualism with more precision, and distinguished among importantly different versions of each view (e.g., eliminative materialism, substance dualism, and emergentism). They have also clarified the logic of arguments that use empirical findings to support materialism. Finally, they have devised various objections to materialism, objections that therefore serve also as arguments for dualism. These objections typically center around two features of mental states that materialism has had trouble in accommodating. The first feature is intentionality, the property of representing, or being about, objects, properties, and states of affairs external to the mental states. The second feature is phenomenal consciousness, the property possessed by many mental states of there being something it is like for the subject of the mental state to be in that mental state. WIREs Cogn Sci 2012, 3:281-292. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1174 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

High Temperature Materials Characterization and Advanced Materials Development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryu, Woo Seog; Kim, D. H.; Kim, S. H.

2007-06-01

The project has been carried out for 2 years in stage III in order to achieve the final goals of performance verification of the developed materials, after successful development of the advanced high temperature material technologies for 3 years in Stage II. The mechanical and thermal properties of the advanced materials, which were developed during Stage II, were evaluated at high temperatures, and the modification of the advanced materials were performed. Moreover, a database management system was established using user-friendly knowledge-base scheme to complete the integrated-information material database in KAERI material division

Menyikapi Kerapuhan Sistem Sosial Sebuah Pergumulan Teologis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

T. R. Andi Lolo

2009-10-01

Full Text Available Mengapa saya sangat tertarik berbicara tentang kerapuhan sistem sosial. Jawabannya ialah karena semua sistem, termasuk sistem sosial sedang dilanda oleh arus global yang tidak dapat dibendung dan sangat potensil memporak-porandakan semua sistem yang sudah mapan sekalipun. Gejala kerapuhan ini tidak bisa kita biarkan melainkan harus disikapi karena pada akhirnya, akibat dari arus tersebut akan menimpa umat manusia sebagai anggota dari berbagai sistem kehidupan, baik kehidupan ekonomi, sosial, politik, dan bahkan tidak terkecuali kehidupansebagai anggota dari komunitas agama. Sesuai dengan suasana dan lingkungan di mana orasi ini disampaikan, saya memilih bentuk kehidupanyang terakhir tadi sebagai bidang kajian untuk kita renungkan bersama.

Etika Bisnis dalam Persektif Islam

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodliyah Khuza'i

2005-03-01

Full Text Available Perdagangan merupakan aktivitas manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Dengan berkembangnya ilmu dan teknologi, perdagangan atau perniagaan mengalami kemajuan yang pesat sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan tuntutan zaman. Perniagaan yang dilakukan manusiapun bermacam-macam, mulai dari industri kecil sampai industri besar, industri pariwisata, perusahaan jasa, real estate, usaha pertanian, dan lain-lain. Manusia ditengarai begitu cinta kepada harta, sehingga sering terjadi perselisihan, persengketaan, bahkan menimbulkan permusuhan yang sengit yang saling membahayakan. Al-Qur`an sebagai pedoman utama umat Islam telah memberikan rambu-rambu  bagaimana manusia dapat memperoleh harta, karena sesungguhnya aktivitas manusia dalam memperoleh harta tidak hanya berhubungan dengan sesama manusia, tetapi hakikatnya juga berhungan dengan Allah.

Thermal Behavior of Mixtures of Perlite and Phase Change Materials in a Simulated Climate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Childs, K.W.; Childs, P.W.; Christian, J.E.; Petrie, T.W.

1995-01-01

Carefully controlled and well documented experiments have been done for two candidate configurations to control the heat load on a conditioned space. The 2:1 PCM/perlite mixture and the 6:1 PCM/perlite mixture, both on a weight basis, accomplished thermal control. The 2:1 system seemed to have enough PCM to be effective and involve a much larger fraction of its PCM in diurnal freezing and melting than the 6:1 system. It is a good starting point for engineering design of an optimum thermal control system. The results from the 2:1 system were reproduced with the computer program HEATING to prove that we know the relevant mechanisms and thermophysical properties of the PCM used in the system. Even without a model for the supersaturation and hysteresis that this material exhibited, HEATING reproduced the heat fluxes to the conditioned space in the experiments accurately enough to mirror the good thermal control performance of the system. The modified sensible heat capacity that was used in HEATING is a handy way to account for phase change effects and could be used in a subroutine to compute hourly phase change effects for whole building models like DOE-2. The experiments were done with PCM/perlite mixtures sealed in small methylmethacrylate boxes and covered top and bottom by XPS. The boxes allowed precise placement of the instrumentation used to follow the phase change effects. The XPS gave high R-value per unit thickness. A more practical prototype configuration such as PCM/perlite hermetically sealed in plastic pouches between layers of batts or blown-in insulation should be tested over a larger cross section. A good candidate is the whole attic cavity of the manufactured home test section used in the present work. Use of a PCM that does not exhibit supersaturation and hysteresis would make interpretation of the results easier. If the results of the larger scale test areas are as encouraging as the test cell results, a whole house model with a phase change

The first word in material control is material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Martin, H.R.; Wilkey, D.D.

1989-01-01

Material control has tended to rely on containment and access control, augmented by physical inventories, to meet the material control and accounting (MC ampersand A) goals of detecting theft/diversion and providing assurance that all nuclear material (NM) is present. Such systems have significant deficiencies. Material containment strategies are generally based on protection provided at boundaries around the NM and rely on alarms at the boundary for detection of theft/diversion. Assurance that all NM is present requires a negative inference based on the absence of alarms. Additionally, design of effective boundary protection systems requires that the designer be able to anticipate and provide protection for all scenarios that the insider adversary might utilize in removing material from the facility. Access control is an administrative system that cannot protect against malevolent actions by insiders authorized to access the material. Inventories may not provide timely detection of theft/diversion, and the sensitivity of detection depends on the magnitude of the variance of the inventory difference. More effective material control is provided for both material in storage and in process by a material-oriented system designed to detect abnormal events involving NM. Abnormal events are defined as any unauthorized activity involving NM, whether accidental or deliberate, and are assessed to determine the cause of the discrepancy. The designs of material-oriented control systems vary greatly, depending on the operations involved; however, a model system would include the use of process monitoring data for material control and automated surveillance of material in storage

Introduction to Computational Plasticity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hartley, P

2006-01-01

-element expressions, i.e. Voigt notation. The chapter concludes with a brief overview of implicit integration methods, i.e. tangent stiffness, initial tangent stiffness and Newton-Raphson. Chapter five deals with the more specialized topic of implicit and explicit integration of von Mises plasticity. One of the techniques described is the radial-return method which ensures that the stresses at the end of an increment of deformation always lie on the expanded yield surface. Although this method guarantees a solution it may not always be the most accurate for large deformation, this is one area where reference to alternative methods would have been a helpful addition. Chapter six continues with further detail of how the plasticity models may be incorporated into finite-element codes, with particular reference to the Abaqus package and the use of user-defined subroutines, introduced via a 'UMAT' subroutine. This completes part I of the book. Part II focuses on plasticity models, each chapter dealing with a particular process or material model. For example, chapter seven deals with superplasticity, chapter eight with porous plasticity, chapter nine with creep and chapter ten with cyclic plasticity, creep and TMF. Examples of deep drawing, forming of titanium metal-matrix composites and creep damage are provided, together with further guidelines on the use of Abaqus to model these processes. Overall, the book is organised in a very logical and readable form. The use of simple one-dimensional examples, with full descriptions of tensors and vectors throughout the book, is particularly useful. It provides a good introduction to the topic, covering much of the theory and with applications to give a good grounding that can be taken further with more comprehensive advanced texts. An excellent starting point for anyone involved in research in computational plasticity. (book review)

Information and advice on the numerical software available for the Fusion Energy program at Oak Ridge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaffney, P.W.

1979-11-01

The purpose of this report is to describe some of the numerical routines that have been obtained for the Fusion Energy program at Oak Ridge. The report is organized by problem area. Each area contains a list of relevant numerical routines. These routines are described in detail and, where appropriate, we give advice on their correct use. Furthermore, we have ranked the subroutine libraries NAG, IMSL, and HARWELL according to how satisfactory their routines are for that particular area. In an Appendix we provide information on how to access the routines and the subroutine libraries described in this report. Moreover, we describe a growing online data base which contains a condensed version of the information in this report

Development and benchmark verification of a parallelized Monte Carlo burnup calculation program MCBMPI

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yang Wankui; Liu Yaoguang; Ma Jimin; Yang Xin; Wang Guanbo

2014-01-01

MCBMPI, a parallelized burnup calculation program, was developed. The program is modularized. Neutron transport calculation module employs the parallelized MCNP5 program MCNP5MPI, and burnup calculation module employs ORIGEN2, with the MPI parallel zone decomposition strategy. The program system only consists of MCNP5MPI and an interface subroutine. The interface subroutine achieves three main functions, i.e. zone decomposition, nuclide transferring and decaying, data exchanging with MCNP5MPI. Also, the program was verified with the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) cell burnup benchmark, the results showed that it's capable to apply the program to burnup calculation of multiple zones, and the computation efficiency could be significantly improved with the development of computer hardware. (authors)

Comparison of preconditioned generalized conjugate gradient methods to two-dimensional neutron and photon transport equation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chen, G.S.

1997-01-01

We apply and compare the preconditioned generalized conjugate gradient methods to solve the linear system equation that arises in the two-dimensional neutron and photon transport equation in this paper. Several subroutines are developed on the basis of preconditioned generalized conjugate gradient methods for time-independent, two-dimensional neutron and photon transport equation in the transport theory. These generalized conjugate gradient methods are used. TFQMR (transpose free quasi-minimal residual algorithm), CGS (conjuage gradient square algorithm), Bi-CGSTAB (bi-conjugate gradient stabilized algorithm) and QMRCGSTAB (quasi-minimal residual variant of bi-conjugate gradient stabilized algorithm). These sub-routines are connected to computer program DORT. Several problems are tested on a personal computer with Intel Pentium CPU. (author)

Modeling of BWR core meltdown accidents - for application in the MELRPI. MOD2 computer code

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Koh, B R; Kim, S H; Taleyarkhan, R P; Podowski, M Z; Lahey, Jr, R T

1985-04-01

This report summarizes improvements and modifications made in the MELRPI computer code. A major difference between this new, updated version of the code, called MELRPI.MOD2, and the one reported previously, concerns the inclusion of a model for the BWR emergency core cooling systems (ECCS). This model and its computer implementation, the ECCRPI subroutine, account for various emergency injection modes, for both intact and rubblized geometries. Other changes to MELRPI deal with an improved model for canister wall oxidation, rubble bed modeling, and numerical integration of system equations. A complete documentation of the entire MELRPI.MOD2 code is also given, including an input guide, list of subroutines, sample input/output and program listing.

NASA Lewis Steady-State Heat Pipe Code Architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Mi, Ye; Tower, Leonard K.

2013-01-01

NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has developed the LERCHP code. The PC-based LERCHP code can be used to predict the steady-state performance of heat pipes, including the determination of operating temperature and operating limits which might be encountered under specified conditions. The code contains a vapor flow algorithm which incorporates vapor compressibility and axially varying heat input. For the liquid flow in the wick, Darcy s formula is employed. Thermal boundary conditions and geometric structures can be defined through an interactive input interface. A variety of fluid and material options as well as user defined options can be chosen for the working fluid, wick, and pipe materials. This report documents the current effort at GRC to update the LERCHP code for operating in a Microsoft Windows (Microsoft Corporation) environment. A detailed analysis of the model is presented. The programming architecture for the numerical calculations is explained and flowcharts of the key subroutines are given

TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG PERBANKAN SYARIAH DALAM PENGEMBANGAN USAHA KECIL DAN MENENGAH UNTUK MEMPERKUAT KESEJAHTERAAN UMAT

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maisaroh

2011-08-01

Full Text Available Islamic Banking of Indonesia lately grows so rapidly. The function of Islamic banking is as intermediary institution between the excess money parties (depositor with the lacking money parties (borrower by using a system of Islamic sharia. The operational purpose of Islamic banking is to participate actively in development process of social and economic life of the community in managing all assets for social welfare. In other side, the growth of small -medium enterprises in Indonesia are also very fast. These types of institutions are identified and proved to be the savior of the economic crisis in Indonesia. But, small and medium enterprises have difficulty constraints of capital and human resources that make these institutions are difficult to thrive. According to the operational purpose, Islamic banking and small-medium enterprises can be partners of mutual benefit. Both parties should build up a quality partnership with optimizing the role of empowerment and facilitation of the Islamic banking to small-medium enterprises using the principles of relationship, togetherness, and humanitarian. Coupled with improving the quality of human resources, services, and partnership, then the partnership is expected not only profitable for both parties, but also more broadly is expected to create social welfare for community.

Materials Analysis and Modeling of Underfill Materials.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wyatt, Nicholas B [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Chambers, Robert S. [Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

2015-08-01

The thermal-mechanical properties of three potential underfill candidate materials for PBGA applications are characterized and reported. Two of the materials are a formulations developed at Sandia for underfill applications while the third is a commercial product that utilizes a snap-cure chemistry to drastically reduce cure time. Viscoelastic models were calibrated and fit using the property data collected for one of the Sandia formulated materials. Along with the thermal-mechanical analyses performed, a series of simple bi-material strip tests were conducted to comparatively analyze the relative effects of cure and thermal shrinkage amongst the materials under consideration. Finally, current knowledge gaps as well as questions arising from the present study are identified and a path forward presented.

Materials Chemistry

CERN Document Server

Fahlman, Bradley D

2011-01-01

The 2nd edition of Materials Chemistry builds on the strengths that were recognized by a 2008 Textbook Excellence Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association (TAA). Materials Chemistry addresses inorganic-, organic-, and nano-based materials from a structure vs. property treatment, providing a suitable breadth and depth coverage of the rapidly evolving materials field. The 2nd edition continues to offer innovative coverage and practical perspective throughout. After briefly defining materials chemistry and its history, seven chapters discuss solid-state chemistry, metals, semiconducting materials, organic "soft" materials, nanomaterials, and materials characterization. All chapters have been thoroughly updated and expanded with, for example, new sections on ‘soft lithographic’ patterning, ‘click chemistry’ polymerization, nanotoxicity, graphene, as well as many biomaterials applications. The polymer and ‘soft’ materials chapter represents the largest expansion for the 2nd edition. Each ch...

Influence of sliding friction on leveling force of superelastic NiTi arch wire: A computational analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Razali, M. F.; Mahmud, A. S.; Mokhtar, N.; Abdullah, J.

2017-10-01

This study investigated the influence of sliding friction toward the effective force of superelastic NiTi arch wire applied in orthodontic bracing for tooth leveling. A three-dimensional finite-element model integrated with superelastic subroutine and contact interaction was used to predict the contribution of friction on force-deflection curve of NiTi wire in three brackets bending configuration. It was found that the friction between the wire and the bracket increased proportionally as a function of wire deflection, thus transforming the constant force characteristic of NiTi material into a slope. The highest magnitude of sliding friction was measured to be 3.1 N and 2.2 N with respect to the activation and deactivation of the arch wire.

Automation of the computational programs and codes used in the methodology of neutronic and thermohydraulic calculation for the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Stefani, Giovanni Laranjo de

2009-01-01

This work proceeds the elaboration of a computational program for execution of various neutron and thermalhydraulic calculation methodology programs of the IEA-R1-Sao Paulo, Brazil, making the process more practical and safe, besides transforming de output data of each program an automatic process. This reactor is largely used for production of radioisotopes for medical use, material irradiation, personnel training and also for basic research. For that purposes it is necessary to change his core configuration in order to adapt the reactor for different uses. The work will transform various existent programs into subroutines of a principal program, i.e.,a program which call each of the programs automatically when necessary, and create another programs for manipulation the output data and therefore making practical the process

Computer programs for solving systems of nonlinear equations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asaoka, Takumi

1978-03-01

Computer programs to find a solution, usually the one closest to some guess, of a system of simultaneous nonlinear equations are provided for real functions of the real arguments. These are based on quasi-Newton methods or projection methods, which are briefly reviewed in the present report. Benchmark tests were performed on these subroutines to grasp their characteristics. As the program not requiring analytical forms of the derivatives of the Jacobian matrix, we have dealt with NS01A of Powell, NS03A of Reid for a system with the sparse Jacobian and NONLIN of Brown. Of these three subroutines of quasi-Newton methods, NONLIN is shown to be the most useful because of its stable algorithm and short computation time. On the other hand, as the subroutine for which the derivatives of the Jacobian are to be supplied analytically, we have tested INTECH of a quasi-Newton method based on the Boggs' algorithm, PROJA of Georg and Keller based on the projection method and an option of NS03A. The results have shown that INTECH, treating variables which appear only linearly in the functions separately, takes the shortest computation time, on the whole, while the projection method requires further research to find an optimal algorithm. (auth.)

Cybermaterials: materials by design and accelerated insertion of materials

Science.gov (United States)

Xiong, Wei; Olson, Gregory B.

2016-02-01

Cybermaterials innovation entails an integration of Materials by Design and accelerated insertion of materials (AIM), which transfers studio ideation into industrial manufacturing. By assembling a hierarchical architecture of integrated computational materials design (ICMD) based on materials genomic fundamental databases, the ICMD mechanistic design models accelerate innovation. We here review progress in the development of linkage models of the process-structure-property-performance paradigm, as well as related design accelerating tools. Extending the materials development capability based on phase-level structural control requires more fundamental investment at the level of the Materials Genome, with focus on improving applicable parametric design models and constructing high-quality databases. Future opportunities in materials genomic research serving both Materials by Design and AIM are addressed.

Alternate Materials In Design Of Radioactive Material Packages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Blanton, P.; Eberl, K.

2010-01-01

This paper presents a summary of design and testing of material and composites for use in radioactive material packages. These materials provide thermal protection and provide structural integrity and energy absorption to the package during normal and hypothetical accident condition events as required by Title 10 Part 71 of the Code of Federal Regulations. Testing of packages comprising these materials is summarized.

Representing Matrix Cracks Through Decomposition of the Deformation Gradient Tensor in Continuum Damage Mechanics Methods

Science.gov (United States)

Leone, Frank A., Jr.

2015-01-01

A method is presented to represent the large-deformation kinematics of intraply matrix cracks and delaminations in continuum damage mechanics (CDM) constitutive material models. The method involves the additive decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor into 'crack' and 'bulk material' components. The response of the intact bulk material is represented by a reduced deformation gradient tensor, and the opening of an embedded cohesive interface is represented by a normalized cohesive displacement-jump vector. The rotation of the embedded interface is tracked as the material deforms and as the crack opens. The distribution of the total local deformation between the bulk material and the cohesive interface components is determined by minimizing the difference between the cohesive stress and the bulk material stress projected onto the cohesive interface. The improvements to the accuracy of CDM models that incorporate the presented method over existing approaches are demonstrated for a single element subjected to simple shear deformation and for a finite element model of a unidirectional open-hole tension specimen. The material model is implemented as a VUMAT user subroutine for the Abaqus/Explicit finite element software. The presented deformation gradient decomposition method reduces the artificial load transfer across matrix cracks subjected to large shearing deformations, and avoids the spurious secondary failure modes that often occur in analyses based on conventional progressive damage models.

ANDRA - Referential Materials. Volume 1: Context and scope; Volume 2: Argillaceous materials; Volume 3: Cementitious materials; Volume 4: The corrosion of metallic materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2001-01-01

This huge document gathers four volumes. The first volume presents some generalities about materials used in the storage of radioactive materials (definition, design principle, current choices and corresponding storage components, general properties of materials and functions of the corresponding storage components, physical and chemical solicitations experienced by materials in a storage), and the structure and content of the other documents. The second volume addresses argillaceous materials. It presents some generalities about these materials in the context of a deep geological storage, and about their design. It presents and comments the crystalline and chemical, and physical and chemical characteristics of swelling argillaceous materials and minerals, describes how these swelling argillaceous materials are shaped and set up, presents and comments physical properties (hydraulic, mechanical and thermal properties) of these materials, comments and discusses the modelling of the geo-chemical behaviour, and their behaviour in terms of containment and transport of radionuclides. The third volume addresses cementitious materials. It presents some generalities about these materials in the context of a deep geological storage, and about their definition and specifications. It presents some more detailed generalities (cement definition and composition, hydration, microstructure of hydrated cements, adjuvants), presents and comments their physical properties (fresh concrete structure and influence of composition, main aimed properties in the hardened status, transfer, mechanical, and thermal properties, shaping and setting up of these materials, technical solutions for hydraulic works). The fourth volume addresses the corrosion of metallic materials. It presents some generalities about these materials in the context of a deep geological storage of radioactive materials. It presents metallic materials and discusses their corrosion behaviour. It describes the peculiarities

Inclusion of models to describe severe accident conditions in the fuel simulation code DIONISIO

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lemes, Martín; Soba, Alejandro [Sección Códigos y Modelos, Gerencia Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Daverio, Hernando [Gerencia Reactores y Centrales Nucleares, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina); Denis, Alicia [Sección Códigos y Modelos, Gerencia Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Avenida General Paz 1499, 1650 San Martín, Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2017-04-15

The simulation of fuel rod behavior is a complex task that demands not only accurate models to describe the numerous phenomena occurring in the pellet, cladding and internal rod atmosphere but also an adequate interconnection between them. In the last years several models have been incorporated to the DIONISIO code with the purpose of increasing its precision and reliability. After the regrettable events at Fukushima, the need for codes capable of simulating nuclear fuels under accident conditions has come forth. Heat removal occurs in a quite different way than during normal operation and this fact determines a completely new set of conditions for the fuel materials. A detailed description of the different regimes the coolant may exhibit in such a wide variety of scenarios requires a thermal-hydraulic formulation not suitable to be included in a fuel performance code. Moreover, there exist a number of reliable and famous codes that perform this task. Nevertheless, and keeping in mind the purpose of building a code focused on the fuel behavior, a subroutine was developed for the DIONISIO code that performs a simplified analysis of the coolant in a PWR, restricted to the more representative situations and provides to the fuel simulation the boundary conditions necessary to reproduce accidental situations. In the present work this subroutine is described and the results of different comparisons with experimental data and with thermal-hydraulic codes are offered. It is verified that, in spite of its comparative simplicity, the predictions of this module of DIONISIO do not differ significantly from those of the specific, complex codes.

Materials design and development of functional materials for industry

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Asahi, Ryoji; Morikawa, Takeshi; Hazama, Hirofumi; Matsubara, Masato

2008-01-01

It is now well recognized that we are witnessing a golden age of innovation with novel materials, with discoveries that are important for both basic science and industry. With the development of theory along with computing power, quantum materials design-the synthesis of materials with the desired properties in a controlled way via materials engineering on the atomic scale-is becoming a major component of materials research. Computational prediction based on first-principles calculations has helped to find an efficient way to develop materials that are much needed for industry, as we have seen in the successful development of visible-light sensitized photocatalysts and thermoelectric materials. Close collaboration between theory and experiment is emphasized as an essential for success

Materials and material testing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Joergens, H.

1978-01-01

A review based on 105 literature quotations is given on the latest state of development in the steel sector and in the field of non-ferrous metals and plastics. The works quoted also include, preparation, working, welding including simulation methods, improvement of weldability, material mechanics (explanation of defects mechanisms by means of fracture mechanics), defect causes (corrosion, erosion, hydrogen influence), mechanical-technological and non-destructive material testing. Examples from the field of reactor building are also given within there topics. (IHOE) [de

Composite materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sambrook, D.J.

1976-01-01

A superconductor composite is described comprising at least one longitudinally extending superconductor filament or bundle of sub-filaments, each filament or bundle of sub-filaments being surrounded by and in good electrical contact with a matrix material, the matrix material comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending cells of a metal of high electrical conductivity surrounded by a material of lower electrical conductivity. The high electrical conductivity material surrounding the superconducting filament or bundle of sub-filaments is interrupted by a radially extending wall of the material of the lower electrical conductivity, the arrangement being such that at least two superconductor filaments or sub-filaments are circumferentially circumscribed by a single annulus of the material of high electrical conductivity. The annulus is electrically interrupted by a radially extending wall of the material of low electrical conductivity

Physically Functional Materials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2002-01-01

acids or peptides having azobenzenes or other physicially functional groups, e.g., photoresponsive groups, as side chains. These compounds may be synthesized using solid phase peptide synthesis techniques. Materials, e.g., thin films, comprising such compounds may be used for optical storage...... of information (holographic data storage), nonlinear optics (NLO), as photoconductors, photonic band-gap materials, electrically conducting materials, electroluminescent materials, piezo-electric materials, pyroelectric materials, magnetic materials, ferromagnetic materials, ferroelectric materials......, photorefractive materials, or materials in which light-induced conformational changes can be produced. Optical anisotropy may reversibly be generated with polarized laser light whereby a hologram is formed. First order diffraction efficiencies of up to around 80% have been obtained....

Acceleration of a Monte Carlo radiation transport code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hochstedler, R.D.; Smith, L.M.

1996-01-01

Execution time for the Integrated TIGER Series (ITS) Monte Carlo radiation transport code has been reduced by careful re-coding of computationally intensive subroutines. Three test cases for the TIGER (1-D slab geometry), CYLTRAN (2-D cylindrical geometry), and ACCEPT (3-D arbitrary geometry) codes were identified and used to benchmark and profile program execution. Based upon these results, sixteen top time-consuming subroutines were examined and nine of them modified to accelerate computations with equivalent numerical output to the original. The results obtained via this study indicate that speedup factors of 1.90 for the TIGER code, 1.67 for the CYLTRAN code, and 1.11 for the ACCEPT code are achievable. copyright 1996 American Institute of Physics

Determination of the protection set-points lines for the Angra-1 reactor core

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Furieri, E.B.

1980-03-01

In this work several thermo-hidraulic calculation were performed to obtain Protection set-points lines for the Angra-1 reactor core in order to compare with the values presented by the vendor in the FSAR. These lines are the locus of points where DNBR min = 1,3 and power = 1,18 x P nominal as a function of ΔT m and T m , the temperature difference and the average coolant temperature between hot and cold legs. A computation scheme was developed using COBRA-IIIF as a subroutine of a new main program and adding new subroutines in order to obtain the desired DNBR. The solution is obtained through a convergentce procedure using parameters estimated in a sensivity study. (author) [pt

TBCODE (release 2.1) user guide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Morris, S.

1998-01-01

This report is the User Guide for the Turning Bands program 'TBCODE' for generating realizations of normally-distributed correlated multidimensional random fields. The report describes the capabilities of the program, and explains how to install and run the program on a UNIX workstation. The input required from the user is explained in detail, together with the format of the output files produced by the program. An illustrative example is given, including a complete listing of all input and output files used. The quality system under which the software has been developed is described. The report also includes a specification of the subroutines SIM2D and SIM3D used to generate the random fields. These subroutines may be used separately from TBCODE. (author)

CAMAC and high-level-languages

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Degenhardt, K.H.

1976-05-01

A proposal for easy programming of CAMAC systems with high-level-languages (FORTRAN, RTL/2, etc.) and interpreters (BASIC, MUMTI, etc.) using a few subroutines and a LAM driver is presented. The subroutines and the LAM driver are implemented for PDP11/RSX-11M and for the CAMAC controllers DEC CA11A (branch controller), BORER type 1533A (single crate controller) and DEC CA11F (single crate controller). Mixed parallel/serial CAMAC systems employing KINETIC SYSTEMS serial driver mod. 3992 and serial crate controllers mod. 3950 are implemented for all mentioned parallel controllers, too. DMA transfers from or to CAMAC modules using non-processor-request controllers (BORER type 1542, DEC CA11FN) are available. (orig.) [de

Improved method for eliminating center-of-mass coordinates from matrix elements in oscillator basis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richardson, R.H.; Shapiro, J.Y.

1986-01-01

This paper presents a concise, efficient method of reducing potential energy matrix elements to relative coordinates, when one is using an oscillator basis. It is especially suited to computer calculations. One nice feature of the method is its modular form, which allows a wide range of calculations. Separate FORTRAN subroutines have been written which calculate and store tables of the one-dimensional brackets of an equation that is presented and the single particle brackets from the isotropic to the axially symmetric oscillator equations. The tables are used by other subroutines which calculate the modified brackets and the brackets with spin. The methods developed here are a substantial improvement over what has been done heretofore, and open up new possibilities for performing nuclear structure calculations

Implied Materiality and Material Disclosures of Credit Ratings

OpenAIRE

Eccles, Robert G; Youmans, Timothy John

2015-01-01

This first of three papers in our series on materiality in credit ratings will examine the materiality of credit ratings from an “implied materiality” and governance disclosure perspective. In the second paper, we will explore the materiality of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors in credit ratings’ methodologies and introduce the concept of “layered materiality.” In the third paper, we will evaluate current and potential credit rating agency (CRA) business models based on our...

Burnup calculations for KIPT accelerator driven subcritical facility using Monte Carlo computer codes-MCB and MCNPX

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gohar, Y.; Zhong, Z.; Talamo, A.

2009-01-01

Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) of USA and Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology (KIPT) of Ukraine have been collaborating on the conceptual design development of an electron accelerator driven subcritical (ADS) facility, using the KIPT electron accelerator. The neutron source of the subcritical assembly is generated from the interaction of 100 KW electron beam with a natural uranium target. The electron beam has a uniform spatial distribution and electron energy in the range of 100 to 200 MeV. The main functions of the subcritical assembly are the production of medical isotopes and the support of the Ukraine nuclear power industry. Neutron physics experiments and material structure analyses are planned using this facility. With the 100 KW electron beam power, the total thermal power of the facility is ∼375 kW including the fission power of ∼260 kW. The burnup of the fissile materials and the buildup of fission products reduce continuously the reactivity during the operation, which reduces the neutron flux level and consequently the facility performance. To preserve the neutron flux level during the operation, fuel assemblies should be added after long operating periods to compensate for the lost reactivity. This process requires accurate prediction of the fuel burnup, the decay behavior of the fission produces, and the introduced reactivity from adding fresh fuel assemblies. The recent developments of the Monte Carlo computer codes, the high speed capability of the computer processors, and the parallel computation techniques made it possible to perform three-dimensional detailed burnup simulations. A full detailed three-dimensional geometrical model is used for the burnup simulations with continuous energy nuclear data libraries for the transport calculations and 63-multigroup or one group cross sections libraries for the depletion calculations. Monte Carlo Computer code MCNPX and MCB are utilized for this study. MCNPX transports the electrons and the

Virtual materials design using databases of calculated materials properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Munter, T R; Landis, D D; Abild-Pedersen, F; Jones, G; Wang, S; Bligaard, T

2009-01-01

Materials design is most commonly carried out by experimental trial and error techniques. Current trends indicate that the increased complexity of newly developed materials, the exponential growth of the available computational power, and the constantly improving algorithms for solving the electronic structure problem, will continue to increase the relative importance of computational methods in the design of new materials. One possibility for utilizing electronic structure theory in the design of new materials is to create large databases of materials properties, and subsequently screen these for new potential candidates satisfying given design criteria. We utilize a database of more than 81 000 electronic structure calculations. This alloy database is combined with other published materials properties to form the foundation of a virtual materials design framework (VMDF). The VMDF offers a flexible collection of materials databases, filters, analysis tools and visualization methods, which are particularly useful in the design of new functional materials and surface structures. The applicability of the VMDF is illustrated by two examples. One is the determination of the Pareto-optimal set of binary alloy methanation catalysts with respect to catalytic activity and alloy stability; the other is the search for new alloy mercury absorbers.

New Materials = New Expressive Powers: Smart Material Interfaces and Arts, experience via smart materials

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Minuto, A.; Pittarello, Fabio; Nijholt, Antinus

2014-01-01

It is not easy for a growing artist to find his poetry. Smart materials could be an answer for those who are looking for new forms of art. Smart Material Interfaces (SMI) define a new interaction paradigm based on dynamic modications of the innovative materials' properties. SMI can be applied in

FOREWORD: Materials metrology Materials metrology

Science.gov (United States)

Bennett, Seton; Valdés, Joaquin

2010-04-01

It seems that so much of modern life is defined by the materials we use. From aircraft to architecture, from cars to communications, from microelectronics to medicine, the development of new materials and the innovative application of existing ones have underpinned the technological advances that have transformed the way we live, work and play. Recognizing the need for a sound technical basis for drafting codes of practice and specifications for advanced materials, the governments of countries of the Economic Summit (G7) and the European Commission signed a Memorandum of Understanding in 1982 to establish the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS). This project supports international trade by enabling scientific collaboration as a precursor to the drafting of standards. The VAMAS participants recognized the importance of agreeing a reliable, universally accepted basis for the traceability of the measurements on which standards depend for their preparation and implementation. Seeing the need to involve the wider metrology community, VAMAS approached the Comité International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM). Following discussions with NMI Directors and a workshop at the BIPM in February 2005, the CIPM decided to establish an ad hoc Working Group on the metrology applicable to the measurement of material properties. The Working Group presented its conclusions to the CIPM in October 2007 and published its final report in 2008, leading to the signature of a Memorandum of Understanding between VAMAS and the BIPM. This MoU recognizes the work that is already going on in VAMAS as well as in the Consultative Committees of the CIPM and establishes a framework for an ongoing dialogue on issues of materials metrology. The question of what is meant by traceability in the metrology of the properties of materials is particularly vexed when the measurement results depend on a specified procedure. In these cases, confidence in results requires not only traceable

Metallic composite materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Frommeyer, G.

1987-01-01

The structure and properties of metallic composite materials and composite materials with metallic matrix are considered. In agreement with the morphology of constituent phases the following types of composite materials are described: dispersion-strengthened composite materials; particle-reinforced composite materials; fibrous composite materials; laminar composite materials. Data on strength and electric properties of the above-mentioned materials, as well as effect of the amount, location and geometric shape of the second phase on them, are presented

Report of the Material Control and Material Accounting Task Force: the role of material control and material accounting in the safeguards program

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-03-01

Results are presented of NRC Task Force investigations to identify the functions of a safeguards program in relation to the NRC safeguards objective, define the role and objectives of material control and material accounting systems within that program, develop goals for material control and material accounting based on those roles and objectives, assess current material control and material accounting requirements and performance levels in the light of the goals, and recommend future actions needed to attain the proposed goals. It was found that the major contribution of material accounting to the safeguards program is in support of the assurance function. It also can make secondary contributions to the prevention and response functions. In the important area of loss detection, a response measure, it is felt that limitations inherent in material accounting for some fuel cycle operations limit its ability to operate as a primary detection system to detect a five formula kilogram loss with high assurance (defined by the Task Force as a probability of detection of 90 percent or more) and that, in those cases, material accounting can act only in a backup role. Physical security and material control must make the primary contributions to the prevention and detection of theft, so that safeguards do not rely primarily for detection capabilities on material accounting. There are several areas of accounting that require more emphasis than is offered by the current regulatory base. These areas include: timely shipper-receiver difference analysis and reconciliation; a demand physical inventory capability; improved loss localization;discard measurement verification; timely recovery of scrap; improved measurement and record systems; and limits on cumulative inventory differences and shipper-receiver differences. An increased NRC capability for monitoring and analyzing licensee accounting data and more timely and detailed submittals of data to NRC by licensees are recommended

Reference materials and representative test materials: the nanotechnology case

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Roebben, G.; Rasmussen, K.; Kestens, V.; Linsinger, T. P. J.; Rauscher, H.; Emons, H.; Stamm, H.

2013-01-01

An increasing number of chemical, physical and biological tests are performed on manufactured nanomaterials for scientific and regulatory purposes. Existing test guidelines and measurement methods are not always directly applicable to or relevant for nanomaterials. Therefore, it is necessary to verify the use of the existing methods with nanomaterials, thereby identifying where modifications are needed, and where new methods need to be developed and validated. Efforts for verification, development and validation of methods as well as quality assurance of (routine) test results significantly benefit from the availability of suitable test and reference materials. This paper provides an overview of the existing types of reference materials and introduces a new class of test materials for which the term ‘representative test material’ is proposed. The three generic concepts of certified reference material, reference material(non-certified) and representative test material constitute a comprehensive system of benchmarks that can be used by all measurement and testing communities, regardless of their specific discipline. This paper illustrates this system with examples from the field of nanomaterials, including reference materials and representative test materials developed at the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre, in particular at the Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM), and at the Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP).

Optical materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Poker, D.B.; Ortiz, C.

1989-01-01

This book reports on: Diamond films, Synthesis of optical materials, Structure related optical properties, Radiation effects in optical materials, Characterization of optical materials, Deposition of optical thin films, and Optical fibers and waveguides

The materiality of materials and artefacts used in science classrooms

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Cowie, Bronwen; Otrel-Cass, Kathrin; Moreland, Judy

Material objects and artefacts receive limited attention in science education (Roehl, 2012) though they shape emerging interactions. This is surprising given science has material and a social dimensions (Pickering, 1995) whereby new knowledge develops as a consensus explanation of natural phenomena...... that is mediated significantly through materials and instruments used. Here we outline the ways teachers deployed material objects and artefacts by identifying their materiality to provide scenarios and resources (Roth, 2005) for interactions. Theoretical framework We use Ingold's (2011) distinction between...... materials as natural objects in this world and artefacts as manmade objects. We are aware that in a classroom material objects and artefacts shape, and are shaped by classroom practice through the way they selectively present scientific explanations. However, materials and artefacts have no intrinsic...

A program-compiling method of nuclear data on-line fast analysis

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li Shangbai

1990-01-01

This paper discusses how to perform assembly float point operation by using some subroutine of applesoft system, and a program compiling method of nuclear data fast analysis in apple microcomputer is introduced

DOWNER (version 79-1): group collapse cross section and transfer matrices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cullen, D.E.

1979-01-01

FORTRAN-callable subroutines are provided to allow a user to group-collapse cross sections and/or transfer matrices from any arbitrary initial group structure to any arbitrary final group structure. 3 figures

Friction Material Composites Materials Perspective

CERN Document Server

Sundarkrishnaa, K L

2012-01-01

Friction Material Composites is the first of the five volumes which strongly educates and updates engineers and other professionals in braking industries, research and test labs. It explains besides the formulation of design processes and its complete manufacturing input. This book gives an idea of mechanisms of friction and how to control them by designing .The book is  useful for designers  of automotive, rail and aero industries for designing the brake systems effectively with the integration of friction material composite design which is critical. It clearly  emphasizes the driving  safety and how serious designers should  select the design input. The significance of friction material component like brake pad or a liner as an integral part of the brake system of vehicles is explained. AFM pictures at nanolevel illustrate broadly the explanations given.

Explicit and implicit springback simulation in sheet metal forming using fully coupled ductile damage and distortional hardening model

Science.gov (United States)

Yetna n'jock, M.; Houssem, B.; Labergere, C.; Saanouni, K.; Zhenming, Y.

2018-05-01

The springback is an important phenomenon which accompanies the forming of metallic sheets especially for high strength materials. A quantitative prediction of springback becomes very important for newly developed material with high mechanical characteristics. In this work, a numerical methodology is developed to quantify this undesirable phenomenon. This methodoly is based on the use of both explicit and implicit finite element solvers of Abaqus®. The most important ingredient of this methodology consists on the use of highly predictive mechanical model. A thermodynamically-consistent, non-associative and fully anisotropic elastoplastic constitutive model strongly coupled with isotropic ductile damage and accounting for distortional hardening is then used. An algorithm for local integration of the complete set of the constitutive equations is developed. This algorithm considers the rotated frame formulation (RFF) to ensure the incremental objectivity of the model in the framework of finite strains. This algorithm is implemented in both explicit (Abaqus/Explicit®) and implicit (Abaqus/Standard®) solvers of Abaqus® through the users routine VUMAT and UMAT respectively. The implicit solver of Abaqus® has been used to study spingback as it is generally a quasi-static unloading. In order to compare the methods `efficiency, the explicit method (Dynamic Relaxation Method) proposed by Rayleigh has been also used for springback prediction. The results obtained within U draw/bending benchmark are studied, discussed and compared with experimental results as reference. Finally, the purpose of this work is to evaluate the reliability of different methods predict efficiently springback in sheet metal forming.

Dirac materials

OpenAIRE

Wehling, T. O.; Black-Schaffer, A. M.; Balatsky, A. V.

2014-01-01

A wide range of materials, like d-wave superconductors, graphene, and topological insulators, share a fundamental similarity: their low-energy fermionic excitations behave as massless Dirac particles rather than fermions obeying the usual Schrodinger Hamiltonian. This emergent behavior of Dirac fermions in condensed matter systems defines the unifying framework for a class of materials we call "Dirac materials''. In order to establish this class of materials, we illustrate how Dirac fermions ...

Report of the Material Control and Material Accounting Task Force

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-03-01

In September 1977 a Task Force was formed to complete a study of the role of material control and material accounting in NRC's safeguards program. The Task Force's assignment was to: define the roles and objectives of material control and material accounting in the NRC safeguards program; recommend goals for the material control and material accounting systems based on their roles and objectives; assess the extent to which the existing safeguards regulatory base meets or provides the capability to meet the recommended goals; and provide direction for material control and material accounting development, including both near-term and long-term upgrades. The study was limited to domestic nuclear facilities possessing significant amounts of plutonium, uranium-233 or highly enriched uranium in unsealed form. The Task Force findings are reported

Proceedings of DAE-BRNS national workshop on materials chemistry: functional materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2011-12-01

Design and development of materials with tailored properties assumes great significance in our everyday life and are crucial to modern technologies. Chemistry has had a tremendous Convener role in developing several need based materials by integrating multiple functionalities. The year 2011, being recognised as the International Year of Chemistry by the UNESCO, assumes further significance for material chemists. In view of the renowned interest in advanced functional materials, the Society for Materials Chemistry, India together with Chemistry Division, BARC has taken an initiative to organise this National Workshop on Materials Chemistry (NWMC-2011) under the theme 'Functional Materials (FUN-MAT)'. NWMC- 2011 aims to provide a forum for young researchers to interact with experts involved in synthesis, processing and applications of various advanced functional materials. In particular, recent developments and future prospects of magnetic, electronic and optical materials, glasses, ceramics, soft materials, materials for sensors, materials for hydrogen production and storage etc. will be addressed in this workshop. Papers relevant to INIS are indexed separately

Computational materials chemistry for carbon capture using porous materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sharma, Abhishek; Malani, Ateeque; Huang, Runhong; Babarao, Ravichandar

2017-01-01

Control over carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) release is extremely important to decrease its hazardous effects on the environment such as global warming, ocean acidification, etc. For CO 2 capture and storage at industrial point sources, nanoporous materials offer an energetically viable and economically feasible approach compared to chemisorption in amines. There is a growing need to design and synthesize new nanoporous materials with enhanced capability for carbon capture. Computational materials chemistry offers tools to screen and design cost-effective materials for CO 2 separation and storage, and it is less time consuming compared to trial and error experimental synthesis. It also provides a guide to synthesize new materials with better properties for real world applications. In this review, we briefly highlight the various carbon capture technologies and the need of computational materials design for carbon capture. This review discusses the commonly used computational chemistry-based simulation methods for structural characterization and prediction of thermodynamic properties of adsorbed gases in porous materials. Finally, simulation studies reported on various potential porous materials, such as zeolites, porous carbon, metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), for CO 2 capture are discussed. (topical review)

SIVA/DIVA- INITIAL VALUE ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION SOLUTION VIA A VARIABLE ORDER ADAMS METHOD

Science.gov (United States)

Krogh, F. T.

1994-01-01

The SIVA/DIVA package is a collection of subroutines for the solution of ordinary differential equations. There are versions for single precision and double precision arithmetic. These solutions are applicable to stiff or nonstiff differential equations of first or second order. SIVA/DIVA requires fewer evaluations of derivatives than other variable order Adams predictor-corrector methods. There is an option for the direct integration of second order equations which can make integration of trajectory problems significantly more efficient. Other capabilities of SIVA/DIVA include: monitoring a user supplied function which can be separate from the derivative; dynamically controlling the step size; displaying or not displaying output at initial, final, and step size change points; saving the estimated local error; and reverse communication where subroutines return to the user for output or computation of derivatives instead of automatically performing calculations. The user must supply SIVA/DIVA with: 1) the number of equations; 2) initial values for the dependent and independent variables, integration stepsize, error tolerance, etc.; and 3) the driver program and operational parameters necessary for subroutine execution. SIVA/DIVA contains an extensive diagnostic message library should errors occur during execution. SIVA/DIVA is written in FORTRAN 77 for batch execution and is machine independent. It has a central memory requirement of approximately 120K of 8 bit bytes. This program was developed in 1983 and last updated in 1987.

Thermal-hydraulic and characteristic models for packed debris beds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mueller, G.E.; Sozer, A.

1986-12-01

APRIL is a mechanistic core-wide meltdown and debris relocation computer code for Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) severe accident analyses. The capabilities of the code continue to be increased by the improvement of existing models. This report contains information on theory and models for degraded core packed debris beds. The models, when incorporated into APRIL, will provide new and improved capabilities in predicting BWR debris bed coolability characteristics. These models will allow for a more mechanistic treatment in calculating temperatures in the fluid and solid phases in the debris bed, in determining debris bed dryout, debris bed quenching from either top-flooding or bottom-flooding, single and two-phase pressure drops across the debris bed, debris bed porosity, and in finding the minimum fluidization mass velocity. The inclusion of these models in a debris bed computer module will permit a more accurate prediction of the coolability characteristics of the debris bed and therefore reduce some of the uncertainties in assessing the severe accident characteristics for BWR application. Some of the debris bed theoretical models have been used to develop a FORTRAN 77 subroutine module called DEBRIS. DEBRIS is a driver program that calls other subroutines to analyze the thermal characteristics of a packed debris bed. Fortran 77 listings of each subroutine are provided in the appendix

Magnetic Materials

Science.gov (United States)

Spaldin, Nicola A.

2003-04-01

Magnetic materials are the foundation of multi-billion dollar industries and the focus of intensive research across many disciplines. This book covers the fundamentals, basic theories and applications of magnetism and conventional magnetic materials. Based on a lecture course given by Nicola Spaldin in the Materials Department at University of California, Santa Barbara, the book is ideal for a one- semester course in magnetic materials. It contains numerous homework problems and solutions.

Vanadium based materials as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Yan; Li, Bing; Guo, Wei; Pang, Huan; Xue, Huaiguo

2016-10-01

As a kind of supercapacitors, pseudocapacitors have attracted wide attention in recent years. The capacitance of the electrochemical capacitors based on pseudocapacitance arises mainly from redox reactions between electrolytes and active materials. These materials usually have several oxidation states for oxidation and reduction. Many research teams have focused on the development of an alternative material for electrochemical capacitors. Many transition metal oxides have been shown to be suitable as electrode materials of electrochemical capacitors. Among them, vanadium based materials are being developed for this purpose. Vanadium based materials are known as one of the best active materials for high power/energy density electrochemical capacitors due to its outstanding specific capacitance and long cycle life, high conductivity and good electrochemical reversibility. There are different kinds of synthetic methods such as sol-gel hydrothermal/solvothermal method, template method, electrospinning method, atomic layer deposition, and electrodeposition method that have been successfully applied to prepare vanadium based electrode materials. In our review, we give an overall summary and evaluation of the recent progress in the research of vanadium based materials for electrochemical capacitors that include synthesis methods, the electrochemical performances of the electrode materials and the devices.

Composite material dosimeters

Science.gov (United States)

Miller, Steven D.

1996-01-01

The present invention is a composite material containing a mix of dosimeter material powder and a polymer powder wherein the polymer is transparent to the photon emission of the dosimeter material powder. By mixing dosimeter material powder with polymer powder, less dosimeter material is needed compared to a monolithic dosimeter material chip. Interrogation is done with excitation by visible light.

Mechanical Material Engineering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Mun Il

1993-01-01

This book introduced mechanical material with introduction, basic problems about metal ingredient of machine of metal and alloy, property of metal material mechanical metal material such as categorization of metal material and high tensile structure steel, mechanic design and steel material with three important points on using of steel materials, selection and directions machine structural steel, selection and directions of steel for tool, selection and instruction of special steel like stainless steel and spring steel, nonferrous metal materials and plastic.

Discrimination of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material in Plastic Scintillator Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ely, James H.; Kouzes, Richard T.; Geelhood, Bruce D.; Schweppe, John E.; Warner, Ray A.

2003-01-01

Plastic scintillator material is used in many applications for the detection of gamma-rays from radioactive material, primarily due to the sensitivity per unit cost compared to other detection materials. However, the resolution and lack of full-energy peaks in the plastic scintillator material prohibits detailed spectroscopy. Therefore, other materials such as doped sodium iodide are used for spectroscopic applications. The limited spectroscopic information can however be exploited in plastic scintillator materials to provide some discrimination. The discrimination between man-made and naturally occurring sources would be useful in reducing alarm screening for radiation detection applications which target man-made sources. The results of applying the limited energy information from plastic scintillator material for radiation portal monitors are discussed.

PENELOPE, and algorithm and computer code for Monte Carlo simulation of electron-photon showers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salvat, F.; Fernandez-Varea, J.M.; Baro, J.; Sempau, J.

1996-10-01

The FORTRAN 77 subroutine package PENELOPE performs Monte Carlo simulation of electron-photon showers in arbitrary for a wide energy range, from similar{sub t}o 1 KeV to several hundred MeV. Photon transport is simulated by means of the standard, detailed simulation scheme. Electron and positron histories are generated on the basis of a mixed procedure, which combines detailed simulation of hard events with condensed simulation of soft interactions. A simple geometry package permits the generation of random electron-photon showers in material systems consisting of homogeneous bodies limited by quadric surfaces, i.e. planes, spheres cylinders, etc. This report is intended not only to serve as a manual of the simulation package, but also to provide the user with the necessary information to understand the details of the Monte Carlo algorithm.

PENELOPE, an algorithm and computer code for Monte Carlo simulation of electron-photon showers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Salvat, F; Fernandez-Varea, J M; Baro, J; Sempau, J

1996-07-01

The FORTRAN 77 subroutine package PENELOPE performs Monte Carlo simulation of electron-photon showers in arbitrary for a wide energy range, from 1 keV to several hundred MeV. Photon transport is simulated by means of the standard, detailed simulation scheme. Electron and positron histories are generated on the basis of a mixed procedure, which combines detailed simulation of hard events with condensed simulation of soft interactions. A simple geometry package permits the generation of random electron-photon showers in material systems consisting of homogeneous bodies limited by quadric surfaces, i.e. planes, spheres, cylinders, etc. This report is intended not only to serve as a manual of the simulation package, but also to provide the user with the necessary information to understand the details of the Monte Carlo algorithm. (Author) 108 refs.

ARC Code TI: CFD Utility Software Library

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The CFD Utility Software Library consists of nearly 30 libraries of Fortran 90 and 77 subroutines and almost 100 applications built on those libraries. Many of the...

Micromechanics-based damage model for failure prediction in cold forming

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lu, X.Z.; Chan, L.C., E-mail: lc.chan@polyu.edu.hk

2017-04-06

The purpose of this study was to develop a micromechanics-based damage (micro-damage) model that was concerned with the evolution of micro-voids for failure prediction in cold forming. Typical stainless steel SS316L was selected as the specimen material, and the nonlinear isotropic hardening rule was extended to describe the large deformation of the specimen undergoing cold forming. A micro-focus high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) system was employed to trace and measure the micro-voids inside the specimen directly. Three-dimensional (3D) representative volume element (RVE) models with different sizes and spatial locations were reconstructed from the processed CT images of the specimen, and the average size and volume fraction of micro-voids (VFMV) for the specimen were determined via statistical analysis. Subsequently, the micro-damage model was compiled as a user-defined material subroutine into the finite element (FE) package ABAQUS. The stress-strain responses and damage evolutions of SS316L specimens under tensile and compressive deformations at different strain rates were predicted and further verified experimentally. It was concluded that the proposed micro-damage model is convincing for failure prediction in cold forming of the SS316L material.

Materials science

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1977-01-01

The Materials Science Division is engaged in research on physical properties of materials and the effects of radiation upon them. This involves solid state materials undergoing phase transitions, energy storing materials, and biomaterials. The Division also offers research facilities for M.S. and Ph.D. thesis work in the fields of physics, chemistry, materials, and radiation sciences in cooperation with the various colleges and departments of the UPR Mayaguez Campus. It is anticipated that it will serve as a catalyst in starting energy-related research programs in cooperation with UPR faculty, especially programs involving solar energy. To encourage and promote cooperative efforts, contact is maintained with former graduate students and with visiting scientists from Latin American research institutions

Development and validation of an improved version of the DART code

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Taboada, H; Moscarda, M.V.; Markiewicz, M.; Estevez, E.; Rest, J.

2002-01-01

ANL/USDOE and CNEA Argentina have been participating within a SisterLab Program in the area of Low Enriched Uranium Advanced Fuels since October 16, 1997 under the 'Implementation Arrangement for Technical Exchange and Cooperation in the Area of Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy'. An annex concerning DART code optimization has been operative since February 8, 1999. Previously, as a part of this annex we developed a visual version of DART named FASTDART for silicide and U-Mo fuels that was presented at the RERTR Meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada. This paper describes several major improvements in the FASTDART code: a thermal calculation subroutine, a fuel particle size distribution subroutine and several visual interfaces for thermal output plotting and particle size input. Using the power history, coolant regime data and fuel dimensions, the new thermal subroutine is able to calculate at each time step the maximum temperature along the z-longitudinal axis as a function of plate/rod morphology (corrosion oxide, cladding, meat, aluminide particle layer, each radial shell of a central fuel particle, and particle center). Calculated temperatures at each time step are coupled to the DART calculation kernel such that swelling processes, volume phase fractions and meat thermal conductivity are calculated synergistically. The new fuel particle size-distribution subroutine is essential in order to determine the evolution of the volume fraction of reaction product. This phase degrades the heat transport by a twofold mechanism: its appearance implies a diminution of aluminium phase and its thermal conductivity is lower than those of fuel and dispersant phase. The new version includes the capability of plotting thermal data output by means of the plate/rod temperature profile at a given irradiation step, and displaying the maximum temperature evolution of each layer. A comparison between the reaction layer thickness and matrix and fuel volume fractions of several RERTR-3 experiment

Materials in the economy; material flows, scarcity, and the environment

Science.gov (United States)

Wagner, Lorie A.

2002-01-01

The importance of materials to the economy of the United States is described, including the levels of consumption and uses of materials. The paths (or flows) that materials take from extraction, through processing, to consumer products, and then final disposition are illustrated. Scarcity and environmental issues as they relate to the flow of materials are discussed. Examples for the three main themes of the report (material flows, scarcity, and the environment) are presented.

Assessing the stretch-blow moulding FE simulation of PET over a large process window

Science.gov (United States)

Nixon, J.; Menary, G. H.; Yan, S.

2017-10-01

Injection stretch blow moulding has been extensively researched for numerous years and is a well-established method of forming thin-walled containers. This paper is concerned with validating the finite element analysis of the stretch-blow-moulding (SBM) process in an effort to progress the development of injection stretch blow moulding of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Extensive data was obtained experimentally over a wide process window accounting for material temperature, air flow rate and stretch-rod speed while capturing cavity pressure, stretch-rod reaction force, in-mould contact timing and material thickness distribution. This data was then used to assess the accuracy of the correlating FE simulation constructed using ABAQUS/Explicit solver and an appropriate user-defined viscoelastic material subroutine. Results reveal that the simulation was able to pick up the general trends of how the pressure, reaction force and in-mould contact timings vary with the variation in preform temperature and air flow rate. Trends in material thickness were also accurately predicted over the length of the bottle relative to the process conditions. The knowledge gained from these analyses provides insight into the mechanisms of bottle formation, subsequently improving the blow moulding simulation and potentially providing a reduction in production costs.

Friction material composites copper-metal-free material design perspective

CERN Document Server

Sundarkrishnaa, K L

2015-01-01

This book examines material composites used in connection with brake friction, their design and safety. To aid in understanding, the essentials of friction are explained. This second edition was extended to include friction material composites without copper, as they offer an environmentally friendlier option. The second edition is intended to support beginners by offering insights into the essentials of friction material composites, helping them to develop a broader understanding of brake friction materials. Friction materials find wide-ranging applications in household and industrial appliances, brake pads for automotive applications, rail brake friction pads and composition brake blocks. This second edition is an introductory volume to a set of related books, and is based on the author’s experience and expertise with various material manufacturers, brake manufacturers, vehicle manufacturers, researchers and testing labs around the world with which the author has been associated for the past 28 years.

Computer code HYDRO-ACE for analyzing thermo-hydraulic phenomena in the BWR core

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Abe, Kiyoharu; Naito, Yoshitaka

1979-10-01

A computer code HYDRO-ACE has been developed for analyzing thermo-hydraulic phenomena in the BWR core under forced or natural circulation of cooling water. The code is composed of two main calculation routines for single channels such as riser, separator, and downcommer and multiple channels such as the reactor core with a heated zone. Functionally the code is divided into many subroutines to be connected straightforwardly, and so that the user can choose a given course freely by simply arranging the subroutines. In the program, void fraction is calculated by Maurer's method, two-phase frictional pressure drop by Maltinelli-Nelson's, and critical heat flux ratio by Hench-Levy's. The coolant flow distributions in the JPDR-II core calculated by the code are in good agreement with those measured. (author)

Modification of the MORSE code for Monte Carlo eigenvalue problems by coarse-mesh rebalance acceleration

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nishida, Takahiko; Horikami, Kunihiko; Suzuki, Tadakazu; Nakahara, Yasuaki; Taji, Yukichi

1975-09-01

The coarse-mesh rebalancing technique is introduced into the general-purpose neutron and gamma-ray Monte Carlo transport code MORSE, to accelerate the convergence rate of the iteration process for eigenvalue calculation in a nuclear reactor system. Two subroutines are thus attached to the code. One is bookkeeping routine 'COARSE' for obtaining the quantities related with the neutron balance in each coarse mesh cell, such as the number of neutrons absorbed in the cell, from random walks of neutrons in a batch. The other is rebalance factor calculation routine 'REBAL' for obtaining the scaling factor whereby the neutron flux in the cell is multiplied to attain the neutron balance. The two subroutines and algorithm of the coarse mesh rebalancing acceleration in a Monte Carlo game are described. (auth.)

FMG, RENUM, LINEL, ELLFMG, ELLP and DIMES: Chain of programs for calculating and analyzing fluid flow through two-dimensional fracture networks: Users manuals and listings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billaux, D.; Peterson, J.; Bodea, S.; Long, J.

1989-01-01

The purpose of this report is to provide the user with sufficient information to run the programs FMG, RENUM, LINEL, and ELLFMG. A previous report explained the theory and the design of these programs, so that by using the two reports, a thorough understanding of the codes is possible. This report should familiarize the user with program options and modes of operation, input variables, input and output files. Information not strictly needed to run the programs, but useful in understanding their internal structure is provided in appendices. The appendices cover program variables and arrays, subroutine outlines, a short description of each subroutine, and finally listings of codes. The additional information on FMG, RENUM, LINEL, and ELLFMG is in Appendices A, C, E, G respectively, and the listings are in Appendices B, D, F, and H

Automatic generation of 2D micromechanical finite element model of silicon–carbide/aluminum metal matrix composites: Effects of the boundary conditions

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Qing, Hai

2013-01-01

Two-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations of the deformation and damage evolution of Silicon–Carbide (SiC) particle reinforced aluminum alloy composite including interphase are carried out for different microstructures and particle volume fractions of the composites. A program is developed...... for the automatic generation of 2D micromechanical FE-models with randomly distributed SiC particles. In order to simulate the damage process in aluminum alloy matrix and SiC particles, a damage parameter based on the stress triaxial indicator and the maximum principal stress criterion based elastic brittle damage...... model are developed within Abaqus/Standard Subroutine USDFLD, respectively. An Abaqus/Standard Subroutine MPC, which allows defining multi-point constraints, is developed to realize the symmetric boundary condition (SBC) and periodic boundary condition (PBC). A series of computational experiments...

Plasma-material interactions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wilson, K.L.

1984-01-01

Plasma-interactive components must be resistant to erosion processes, efficient in heat removal, and effective in minimizing tritium inventory and permeation. As long as plasma edge temperatures are 50 eV, no one material can satisfy the diverse requirements imposed by these plasma materials interactions. The only solution is the design of duplex, or even more complicated, structures. The material that faces the plasma should be low atomic number, with acceptable erosion and evaporation characteristics. The substrate material must have high thermal conductivity for heat removal. Finally, materials must be selected judiciously for tritium compatibility. In conclusion, materials play a critical role in the achievement of safe and economical magnetic fusion energy. Improvements in materials have already led to many advances in present day device operation, but additional innovative materials solutions are required for the critical plasma materials interaction issues in future power reactors

Composite Material Suitable for Use as Electrode Material in a SOC

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

2010-01-01

The present invention relates to composite material suitable for use as an electrode material in a solid oxide cell, said composite material consist of at least two non-miscible mixed ionic and electronic conductors. Further provided is a composite material suitable for use as an electrode material...... in a solid oxide cell, said composite material being based on (Gd1-xSrx)1-sFe1-yCoyO3-[delta] or (Ln1-xSrx)1-sFe1-yCioyO3-[delta](s equal to 0.05 or larger) wherein Ln is a lanthanide element, Sc or Y, said composite material comprising at least two phases which are non-miscible, said composite material...... being obtainable by the glycine nitrate combustion method. Said composite material may be used for proving an electrode material in the form of at least a two-phase system showing a very low area specific resistance of around 0.1 [Omega]cm2 at around 600 DEG C....

Light-material interactions in laser material processing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiang, S.; Albright, C.E.

1989-01-01

The authors discusses how light interactions with materials in laser material processing operations occur by a variety of mechanisms depending on the material being processed, the wavelength of the laser light, the gaseous environment, and the physical state of the material surface. The high reflectivity of metals limits the fraction of the beam power absorbed by the solid metal surface. For metals in the solid state, reflectivity increases as the wavelength of the laser light and the electrical conductivity of the metal increase. The reflectivity of metals is reduced upon heating to the melting point, and further reduced upon melting. At high power densities the liquid metal surface is heated so quickly that very rapid vaporization occurs. The recoil force produced by the evaporation causes a depression in the liquid/vapor interface. The keyhole resulting from this depression allows for multiple reflections and thus increases beam absorption in the liquid

High temperature material characterization and advanced materials development

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryu, Woo Seog; Kim, D. H.; Kim, S. H. and others

2005-03-01

The study is to characterize the structural materials under the high temperature, one of the most significant environmental factors in nuclear systems. And advanced materials are developed for high temperature and/or low activation in neutron irradiation. Tensile, fatigue and creep properties have been carried out at high temperature to evaluate the mechanical degradation. Irradiation tests were performed using the HANARO. The optimum chemical composition and heat treatment condition were determined for nuclear grade 316NG stainless steel. Nitrogen, aluminum, and tungsten were added for increasing the creep rupture strength of FMS steel. The new heat treatment method was developed to form more stable precipitates. By applying the novel whiskering process, high density SiC/SiC composites with relative density above 90% could be obtained even in a shorter processing time than the conventional CVI process. Material integrated databases are established using data sheets. The databases of 6 kinds of material properties are accessible through the home page of KAERI material division

Material Ecocriticism: Materiality, Agency, and Models of Narrativity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Serenella Iovino

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The proliferation of studies bearing on the intellectual movement known as the "new materialisms" evinces that a material turn is becoming an important paradigm in environmental humanities. Ranging from social and science studies, feminism, to anthropology, geography, environmental philosophies and animal studies, this approach is bringing innovative ways of considering matter and material relations that, coupled with reflections on agency, text, and narrativity, are going to impact ecocriticism in an unprecedented way.In consideration of the relevance of this debate, we would like to draw for Ecozon@'s readers an introductory map of the new paradigm and introduce what can be called "material ecocriticism." We will illustrate what we consider to be its main features, situating them in the conceptual horizons of the new materialisms. From this genealogical sketch, we will examine the re-definitions of concepts like matter, agency, discursivity, and intentionality, with regard to their effects on ecocriticism and in terms of their ethical perspectives.

Method for forming materials

Science.gov (United States)

Tolle, Charles R [Idaho Falls, ID; Clark, Denis E [Idaho Falls, ID; Smartt, Herschel B [Idaho Falls, ID; Miller, Karen S [Idaho Falls, ID

2009-10-06

A material-forming tool and a method for forming a material are described including a shank portion; a shoulder portion that releasably engages the shank portion; a pin that releasably engages the shoulder portion, wherein the pin defines a passageway; and a source of a material coupled in material flowing relation relative to the pin and wherein the material-forming tool is utilized in methodology that includes providing a first material; providing a second material, and placing the second material into contact with the first material; and locally plastically deforming the first material with the material-forming tool so as mix the first material and second material together to form a resulting material having characteristics different from the respective first and second materials.

The GRACE system for the minimal supersymmetric standard model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tanaka, H.; Kaneko, T.; Jimbo, M.; Kon, T.

1997-01-01

The algorithm of constructing the Feynman amplitudes for the GRACE system is extended to processes involving supersymmetric particles. New vertex amplitude subroutines needed to compute these processes are now part of the CHANEL library. (orig.)

Report of the Material Control and Material Accounting Task Force: appendices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1978-03-01

Five appendixes are presented. The first comprises a chronological development of material control and material accounting requirements. The second gives a description of current NRC control and material accounting requirements, practices, and capabilities. In the third a description is given of NRC's research and technical assistance program concerning the measurement and measurement quality control elements of licensee material control and material accounting systems. The fourth covers some special considerations related to inventory differences and their analysis. In the fifth a detailed description is presented of the evaluation methodologies used in development of improved material control and material accounting systems

Composite material

Science.gov (United States)

Hutchens, Stacy A [Knoxville, TN; Woodward, Jonathan [Solihull, GB; Evans, Barbara R [Oak Ridge, TN; O'Neill, Hugh M [Knoxville, TN

2012-02-07

A composite biocompatible hydrogel material includes a porous polymer matrix, the polymer matrix including a plurality of pores and providing a Young's modulus of at least 10 GPa. A calcium comprising salt is disposed in at least some of the pores. The porous polymer matrix can comprise cellulose, including bacterial cellulose. The composite can be used as a bone graft material. A method of tissue repair within the body of animals includes the steps of providing a composite biocompatible hydrogel material including a porous polymer matrix, the polymer matrix including a plurality of pores and providing a Young's modulus of at least 10 GPa, and inserting the hydrogel material into cartilage or bone tissue of an animal, wherein the hydrogel material supports cell colonization in vitro for autologous cell seeding.

Touching Materiality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, Lisa Rosén

2012-01-01

Dripping ink pens, colourful paint on skin, vegetables pots on a school roof. In interviews with three generations of former school pupils, memories of material objects bore a relation to everyday school life in the past. Interwoven, these objects entered the memorising processes, taking...... the interviewer and interviewee beyond an exclusively linguistic understanding of memory. This article analyses how the shifting objects of materiality in personal and generational school memories connects to material as well as sensuous experiences of everyday school life and its complex processes of learning....... Drawing on anthropological writings, the article argues that the objects of materiality are part of important but non-verbalised memories of schooling. The Dutch philosopher Eelco Runia’s notions of presence and metonymy are incorporated as tools for approaching objects of materiality in memory studies....

Coated electroactive materials

Science.gov (United States)

Amine, Khalil; Abouimrane, Ali

2016-08-30

A process includes suspending an electroactive material in a solvent, suspending or dissolving a carbon precursor in the solvent; and depositing the carbon precursor on the electroactive material to form a carbon-coated electroactive material. Compositions include a graphene-coated electroactive material prepared from a solution phase mixture or suspension of an electroactive material and graphene, graphene oxide, or a mixture thereof.

Nanocrystalline ceramic materials

Science.gov (United States)

Siegel, Richard W.; Nieman, G. William; Weertman, Julia R.

1994-01-01

A method for preparing a treated nanocrystalline metallic material. The method of preparation includes providing a starting nanocrystalline metallic material with a grain size less than about 35 nm, compacting the starting nanocrystalline metallic material in an inert atmosphere and annealing the compacted metallic material at a temperature less than about one-half the melting point of the metallic material.

The Newest Machine Material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Seo, Yeong Seop; Choe, Byeong Do; Bang, Meong Sung

2005-08-01

This book gives descriptions of machine material with classification of machine material and selection of machine material, structure and connection of material, coagulation of metal and crystal structure, equilibrium diagram, properties of metal material, elasticity and plasticity, biopsy of metal, material test and nondestructive test. It also explains steel material such as heat treatment of steel, cast iron and cast steel, nonferrous metal materials, non metallic materials, and new materials.

CADS: a FORTRAN subroutine package to aid symbolic dataflow in FORTRAN programs

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richards, L.R.P.; Butland, A.T.D.; Symonds, A.G.

1982-07-01

The Core Allocation and Dataflow System, CADS, consists of two parts, VARY and VARYIO. VARY provides a means of organising the use of data store in a program by allowing the programmer to reference and manipulate areas of data store by names of the programmer's subprogram, and therefore the complete program, to be independent of its data sources or the destination of its results. CADS therefore provides a system of symbolic dataflow. (author)

Electrode material comprising graphene-composite materials in a graphite network

Science.gov (United States)

Kung, Harold H.; Lee, Jung K.

2017-08-08

A durable electrode material suitable for use in Li ion batteries is provided. The material is comprised of a continuous network of graphite regions integrated with, and in good electrical contact with a composite comprising graphene sheets and an electrically active material, such as silicon, wherein the electrically active material is dispersed between, and supported by, the graphene sheets.

Ceramic piezoelectric materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kaszuwara, W.

2004-01-01

Ceramic piezoelectric materials conert reversibility electric energy into mechanical energy. In the presence of electric field piezoelectric materials exhibit deformations up to 0.15% (for single crystals up to 1.7%). The deformation energy is in the range of 10 2 - 10 3 J/m 3 and working frequency can reach 10 5 Hz. Ceramic piezoelectric materials find applications in many modern disciplines such as: automatics, micromanipulation, measuring techniques, medical diagnostics and many others. Among the variety of ceramic piezoelectric materials the most important appear to be ferroelectric materials such as lead zirconate titanate so called PZT ceramics. Ceramic piezoelectric materials can be processed by methods widely applied for standard ceramics, i.e. starting from simple precursors e.g. oxides. Application of sol-gel method has also been reported. Substantial drawback for many applications of piezoelectric ceramics is their brittleness, thus much effort is currently being put in the development of piezoelectric composite materials. Other important research directions in the field of ceramic piezoelectric materials composite development of lead free materials, which can exhibit properties similar to the PZT ceramics. Among other directions one has to state processing of single crystals and materials having texture or gradient structure. (author)

Materials Genome Initiative

Science.gov (United States)

Vickers, John

2015-01-01

The Materials Genome Initiative (MGI) project element is a cross-Center effort that is focused on the integration of computational tools to simulate manufacturing processes and materials behavior. These computational simulations will be utilized to gain understanding of processes and materials behavior to accelerate process development and certification to more efficiently integrate new materials in existing NASA projects and to lead to the design of new materials for improved performance. This NASA effort looks to collaborate with efforts at other government agencies and universities working under the national MGI. MGI plans to develop integrated computational/experimental/ processing methodologies for accelerating discovery and insertion of materials to satisfy NASA's unique mission demands. The challenges include validated design tools that incorporate materials properties, processes, and design requirements; and materials process control to rapidly mature emerging manufacturing methods and develop certified manufacturing processes

Comprehensive nuclear materials

CERN Document Server

Allen, Todd; Stoller, Roger; Yamanaka, Shinsuke

2012-01-01

Comprehensive Nuclear Materials encapsulates a panorama of fundamental information on the vast variety of materials employed in the broad field of nuclear technology. The work addresses, in five volumes, 3,400 pages and over 120 chapter-length articles, the full panorama of historical and contemporary international research in nuclear materials, from Actinides to Zirconium alloys, from the worlds' leading scientists and engineers. It synthesizes the most pertinent research to support the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environments. The work discusses the major classes of materials suitable for usage in nuclear fission, fusion reactors and high power accelerators, and for diverse functions in fuels, cladding, moderator and control materials, structural, functional, and waste materials.

Advanced energy materials

CERN Document Server

Tiwari, Ashutosh

2014-01-01

An essential resource for scientists designing new energy materials for the vast landscape of solar energy conversion as well as materials processing and characterization Based on the new and fundamental research on novel energy materials with tailor-made photonic properties, the role of materials engineering has been to provide much needed support in the development of photovoltaic devices. Advanced Energy Materials offers a unique, state-of-the-art look at the new world of novel energy materials science, shedding light on the subject's vast multi-disciplinary approach The book focuses p

Advancing materials research

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Langford, H.D.; Psaras, P.A.

1987-01-01

The topics discussed in this volume include historical perspectives in the fields of materials research and development, the status of selected scientific and technical areas, and current topics in materials research. Papers are presentd on progress and prospects in metallurgical research, microstructure and mechanical properties of metals, condensed-matter physics and materials research, quasi-periodic crystals, and new and artifically structured electronic and magnetic materials. Consideration is also given to materials research in catalysis, advanced ceramics, organic polymers, new ways of looking at surfaces, and materials synthesis and processing

Heterogeneous Materials I and Heterogeneous Materials II

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Knowles, K M

2004-01-01

In these two volumes the author provides a comprehensive survey of the various mathematically-based models used in the research literature to predict the mechanical, thermal and electrical properties of hetereogeneous materials, i.e., materials containing two or more phases such as fibre-reinforced polymers, cast iron and porous ceramic kiln furniture. Volume I covers linear properties such as linear dielectric constant, effective electrical conductivity and elastic moduli, while Volume II covers nonlinear properties, fracture and atomistic and multiscale modelling. Where appropriate, particular attention is paid to the use of fractal geometry and percolation theory in describing the structure and properties of these materials. The books are advanced level texts reflecting the research interests of the author which will be of significant interest to research scientists working at the forefront of the areas covered by the books. Others working more generally in the field of materials science interested in comparing predictions of properties with experimental results may well find the mathematical level quite daunting initially, as it is apparent that the author assumes a level of mathematics consistent with that taught in final year undergraduate and graduate theoretical physics courses. However, for such readers it is well worth persevering because of the in-depth coverage to which the various models are subjected, and also because of the extensive reference lists at the back of both volumes which direct readers to the various source references in the scientific literature. Thus, for the wider materials science scientific community the two volumes will be a valuable library resource. While I would have liked to see more comparison with experimental data on both ideal and 'real' heterogeneous materials than is provided by the author and a discussion of how to model strong nonlinear current--voltage behaviour in systems such as zinc oxide varistors, my overall

Moderator material for neutrons and use of said material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hiismaeki, P.; Auterinen, I.

1994-01-01

The invention concerns a moderator material used for mediation of high-velocity neutrons, in particular of fission neutrons, to epithermal neutrons. The principal components of the moderator material are aluminum fluoride and aluminum metal, which have been formed into a dense composite substantially free of pores, wherein the material contains 20-50 percent-vol. of aluminum metal and 80-50 percent-vol. aluminum fluoride. Further, the use of the moderator material in accordance with the invention in neutron capture therapy of cancer tumours is described, such as in boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT)

Production of a calcium silicate cement material from alginate impression material.

Science.gov (United States)

Washizawa, Norimasa; Narusawa, Hideaki; Tamaki, Yukimichi; Miyazaki, Takashi

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to synthesize biomaterials from daily dental waste. Since alginate impression material contains silica and calcium salts, we aimed to synthesize calcium silicate cement from alginate impression material. Gypsum-based investment material was also investigated as control. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that although firing the set gypsum-based and modified investment materials at 1,200°C produced calcium silicates, firing the set alginate impression material did not. However, we succeeded when firing the set blend of pre-fired set alginate impression material and gypsum at 1,200°C. SEM observations of the powder revealed that the featured porous structures of diatomite as an alginate impression material component appeared useful for synthesizing calcium silicates. Experimentally fabricated calcium silicate powder was successfully mixed with phosphoric acid solution and set by depositing the brushite. Therefore, we conclude that the production of calcium silicate cement material is possible from waste alginate impression material.

Nondestructive materials characterization with applications to aerospace materials

CERN Document Server

Nagy, Peter; Rokhlin, Stanislav

2004-01-01

With an emphasis on aircraft materials, this book describes techniques for the material characterization to detect and quantify degradation processes such as corrosion and fatigue. It introduces readers to these techniques based on x-ray, ultrasonic, optical and thermal principles and demonstrates the potential of the techniques for a wide variety of applications concerning aircraft materials, especially aluminum and titanium alloys. The advantages and disadvantages of various techniques are evaluated. An introductory chapter describes the typical degradation mechanisms that must be considered and the microstructure features that have to be detected by NDE methods. Finally, some approaches for making lifetime predictions are discussed. It is suitable as a textbook in special training courses in advanced NDE and aircraft materials characterization.

GOOF: OCTOPUS error messages, ORDER, ORDERLIB, FLOE, CHAT, and LOD

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Whitten, G.

1977-07-10

This is a compilation of the error messages returned by five parts of the Livermore timesharing system: the ORDER batch-processor, the ORDERLIB subroutine library, the FLOE operating system, the CHAT compiler, and the LOD loader.

Numerical modelling of micro-machining of f.c.c. single crystal: Influence of strain gradients

KAUST Repository

Demiral, Murat; Roy, Anish; El Sayed, Tamer S.; Silberschmidt, Vadim V.

2014-01-01

of orthogonal micro-machining of f.c.c. single crystal copper was developed. The model was implemented in a commercial software ABAQUS/Explicit employing a user-defined subroutine VUMAT. Strain-gradient crystal-plasticity and conventional crystal

Matter and materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lefevre, J.

1997-01-01

This paper is an introduction to the materials used in nuclear engineering from the uranium (extraction, processing, ultimate use) to all radioactive products encountered in nuclear processes and more particularly those having particular applications or presenting particular risks in their ultimate disposal. This introduction gives a general presentation of the different topics which are developed in other chapters: nuclear materials and fuel cycle (fuel fabrication, actinides and recycling, direct storage and reprocessing of spent fuels, management of radioactive wastes, transport of radioactive materials, production and use of radioelements in the industry and medicine), moderators and coolants, other materials used in reactors (fuel cladding materials, special steels, zircaloy, neutron absorbent materials), and the mechanical behaviour of materials (steels, concretes). (J.S.)

Uranium reference materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Donivan, S.; Chessmore, R.

1987-07-01

The Technical Measurements Center has prepared uranium mill tailings reference materials for use by remedial action contractors and cognizant federal and state agencies. Four materials were prepared with varying concentrations of radionuclides, using three tailings materials and a river-bottom soil diluent. All materials were ground, dried, and blended thoroughly to ensure homogeneity. The analyses on which the recommended values for nuclides in the reference materials are based were performed, using independent methods, by the UNC Geotech (UNC) Chemistry Laboratory, Grand Junction, Colorado, and by C.W. Sill (Sill), Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho. Several statistical tests were performed on the analytical data to characterize the reference materials. Results of these tests reveal that the four reference materials are homogeneous and that no large systematic bias exists between the analytical methods used by Sill and those used by TMC. The average values for radionuclides of the two data sets, representing an unbiased estimate, were used as the recommended values for concentrations of nuclides in the reference materials. The recommended concentrations of radionuclides in the four reference materials are provided. Use of these reference materials will aid in providing uniform standardization among measurements made by remedial action contractors. 11 refs., 9 tabs

Reactor core materials research and integrated material database establishment

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ryu, Woo Seog; Jang, J. S.; Kim, D. W.

2002-03-01

Mainly two research areas were covered in this project. One is to establish the integrated database of nuclear materials, and the other is to study the behavior of reactor core materials, which are usually under the most severe condition in the operating plants. During the stage I of the project (for three years since 1999) in- and out of reactor properties of stainless steel, the major structural material for the core structures of PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor), were evaluated and specification of nuclear grade material was established. And the damaged core components from domestic power plants, e.g. orifice of CVCS, support pin of CRGT, etc. were investigated and the causes were revealed. To acquire more resistant materials to the nuclear environments, development of the alternative alloys was also conducted. For the integrated DB establishment, a task force team was set up including director of nuclear materials technology team, and projector leaders and relevant members from each project. The DB is now opened in public through the Internet

Absorbent material for type a radioactive materials packaging containing liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saunders, G.A.

1989-11-01

The application of absorbent materials to the packaging and transport of liquid radioactive materials in Type A packages has not been reported in the literature. However, a significant body of research exists on absorbent materials for personal hygiene products such as diapers. Absorption capacity is dependent on both the absorbent material and the liquid being absorbed. Theoretical principles for capillary absorption in both the horizontal and the vertical plane indicate that small contact angle between the absorbent fibre and the liquid, and a small inter-fibre pore size are important. Some fluid parameters such as viscosity affect the rate of absorption but not the final absorption capacity. There appears to be little comparability between results obtained for the same absorbent and fluid using different test procedures. Test samples of materials from several classes of potential absorbents have been evaluated in this study, and shown to have a wide range of absorbent capacities. Foams, natural fibres, artificial fibres and granular materials are all potentially useful absorbents, with capacities ranging from as little as 0.86 to as much as 40.6 grams of distilled water per gram of absorbent. Two experimental procedures for evaluating the absorbent capacity of these materials have been detailed in this report, and found suitable for evaluating granular, fibrous or foam materials. Compression of the absorbent material reduces its capacity, but parameters such as relative humidity, pH, temperature, and viscosity appear to have little significant influence on capacity. When the materials were loaded to 50% of their one-minute absorbency, subsequent loss of the absorbed liquid was generally minimal. All of the absorbent materials rapidly lost their absorbed water through evaporation within twenty-four hours in still air at 21 degrees C and 50% relative humidity

Computational materials design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Snyder, R.L.

1999-01-01

Full text: Trial and error experimentation is an extremely expensive route to the development of new materials. The coming age of reduced defense funding will dramatically alter the way in which advanced materials have developed. In the absence of large funding we must concentrate on reducing the time and expense that the R and D of a new material consumes. This may be accomplished through the development of computational materials science. Materials are selected today by comparing the technical requirements to the materials databases. When existing materials cannot meet the requirements we explore new systems to develop a new material using experimental databases like the PDF. After proof of concept, the scaling of the new material to manufacture requires evaluating millions of parameter combinations to optimize the performance of the new device. Historically this process takes 10 to 20 years and requires hundreds of millions of dollars. The development of a focused set of computational tools to predict the final properties of new materials will permit the exploration of new materials systems with only a limited amount of materials characterization. However, to bound computational extrapolations, the experimental formulations and characterization will need to be tightly coupled to the computational tasks. The required experimental data must be obtained by dynamic, in-situ, very rapid characterization. Finally, to evaluate the optimization matrix required to manufacture the new material, very rapid in situ analysis techniques will be essential to intelligently monitor and optimize the formation of a desired microstructure. Techniques and examples for the rapid real-time application of XRPD and optical microscopy will be shown. Recent developments in the cross linking of the world's structural and diffraction databases will be presented as the basis for the future Total Pattern Analysis by XRPD. Copyright (1999) Australian X-ray Analytical Association Inc

Chemical reactor for converting a first material into a second material

Science.gov (United States)

Kong, Peter C

2012-10-16

A chemical reactor and method for converting a first material into a second material is disclosed and wherein the chemical reactor is provided with a feed stream of a first material which is to be converted into a second material; and wherein the first material is combusted in the chemical reactor to produce a combustion flame, and a resulting gas; and an electrical arc is provided which is passed through or superimposed upon the combustion flame and the resulting gas to facilitate the production of the second material.

Tritium breeding materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hollenberg, G.W.; Johnson, C.E.; Abdou, M.

1984-03-01

Tritium breeding materials are essential to the operation of D-T fusion facilities. Both of the present options - solid ceramic breeding materials and liquid metal materials are reviewed with emphasis not only on their attractive features but also on critical materials issues which must be resolved

Tritium breeding materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hollenberg, G.W.; Johnson, C.E.; Abdou, M.A.

1984-01-01

Tritium breeding materials are essential to the operation of D-T fusion facilities. Both of the present options - solid ceramic breeding materials and liquid metal materials are reviewed with emphasis not only on their attractive features but also on critical materials issues which must be resolved

Materials Science | NREL

Science.gov (United States)

microscopy and imaging science, interfacial and surface science, materials discovery, and thin-film material Science Materials Science Illustration with bottom row showing a ball-and-stick model and top row dense black band. State-of-the-art advances in materials science come from a combination of experiments

3D FE simulation of semi-finishing machining of Ti6Al4V additively manufactured by direct metal laser sintering

Science.gov (United States)

Imbrogno, Stano; Rinaldi, Sergio; Raso, Antonio; Bordin, Alberto; Bruschi, Stefania; Umbrello, Domenico

2018-05-01

The Additive Manufacturing techniques are gaining more and more interest in various industrial fields due to the possibility of drastically reduce the material waste during the production processes, revolutionizing the standard scheme and strategies of the manufacturing processes. However, the metal parts shape produced, frequently do not satisfy the tolerances as well as the surface quality requirements. During the design phase, the finite element simulation results a fundamental tool to help the engineers in the correct decision of the most suitable process parameters, especially in manufacturing processes, in order to produce products of high quality. The aim of this work is to develop a 3D finite element model of semi-finishing turning operation of Ti6Al4V, produced via Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). A customized user sub-routine was built-up in order to model the mechanical behavior of the material under machining operations to predict the main fundamental variables as cutting forces and temperature. Moreover, the machining induced alterations are also studied by the finite element model developed.

Materials of 13. conference: ATM'92 - Advanced materials and technologies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1992-01-01

13th conference on metal science, modern materials and technologies (ATM'92) has been held in Popowo near Warsaw, Poland in September 1992. The conference has been divided into 9 sections. There are: Plenary section (7 lectures); Functional materials (12 lectures); Methods of material microstructure shaping (5 lectures and 14 posters); Surface engineering (5 lectures and 27 posters); Composites (5 lectures and 9 posters); Iron alloys A (7 lectures and 8 posters); Iron alloys B (7 lectures and 18 posters); Non-ferrous metal alloys (7 lectures and 11 posters) and Methods for materials research (5 lectures and 23 posters). The new materials preparation, their properties and structure as well as a methods for obtaining a desirable properties of material or their surface have been broadly referred and discussed

A routine chromium determination in biological materials; application to various reference materials and standard reference materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tjioe, P.S.; Goeij, J.J.M. de; Volkers, K.J.

1979-01-01

The determination limit under standard working conditions of chromium in biological materials is discussed. Neutron activation analysis and atomic spectrometry have been described for some analytical experiences with NBS SRM 1577 reference material. The chromium determination is a part of a larger multi-element scheme for the determination of 12 elements in biological materials

Material Programming

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Vallgårda, Anna; Boer, Laurens; Tsaknaki, Vasiliki

2017-01-01

. Consequently we ask what the practice of programming and giving form to such materials would be like? How would we be able to familiarize ourselves with the dynamics of these materials and their different combinations of cause and effect? Which tools would we need and what would they look like? Will we program......, and color, but additionally being capable of sensing, actuating, and computing. Indeed, computers will not be things in and by themselves, but embedded into the materials that make up our surroundings. This also means that the way we interact with computers and the way we program them, will change...... these computational composites through external computers and then transfer the code them, or will the programming happen closer to the materials? In this feature we outline a new research program that floats between imagined futures and the development of a material programming practice....

Materials characterisation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Azali Muhammad

2005-01-01

Various nuclear techniques have been developed and employed by technologies and scientists worldwide to physically and chemically characterise the material particularly those that have applications in industry. These include small angle neutron scattering (SANS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) for the internal structural study of material, whereas, the x-ray fluorescence (XRF) for the chemical analysis, while the Moessbauer spectroscopy for the study on the magnetic properties and structural identity of material. Basic principle and instrumentations of the techniques are discussed in this chapter. Example of their applications in various disciplines particularly in characterisation of industrial materials also described

Materials And Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS) LDEF materials data base

Science.gov (United States)

Funk, Joan G.; Strickland, John W.; Davis, John M.

1993-01-01

A preliminary Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) Materials Data Base was developed by the LDEF Materials Special Investigation Group (MSIG). The LDEF Materials Data Base is envisioned to eventually contain the wide variety and vast quantity of materials data generated from LDEF. The data is searchable by optical, thermal, and mechanical properties, exposure parameters (such as atomic oxygen flux) and author(s) or principal investigator(s). Tne LDEF Materials Data Base was incorporated into the Materials and Processes Technical Information System (MAPTIS). MAPTIS is a collection of materials data which has been computerized and is available to engineers, designers, and researchers in the aerospace community involved in the design and development of spacecraft and related hardware. The LDEF Materials Data Base is described and step-by-step example searches using the data base are included. Information on how to become an authorized user of the system is included.

Superconducting composites materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kerjouan, P.; Boterel, F.; Lostec, J.; Bertot, J.P.; Haussonne, J.M.

1991-01-01

The new superconductor materials with a high critical current own a large importance as well in the electronic components or in the electrotechnical devices fields. The deposit of such materials with the thick films technology is to be more and more developed in the years to come. Therefore, we tried to realize such thick films screen printed on alumina, and composed mainly of the YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ material. We first realized a composite material glass/YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ , by analogy with the classical screen-printed inks where the glass ensures the bonding with the substrate. We thus realized different materials by using some different classes of glass. These materials owned a superconducting transition close to the one of the pure YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ material. We made a slurry with the most significant composite materials and binders, and screen-printed them on an alumina substrate preliminary or not coated with a diffusion barrier layer. After firing, we studied the thick films adhesion, the alumina/glass/composite material interfaces, and their superconducting properties. 8 refs.; 14 figs.; 9 tabs [fr

Materials by design

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Eberhardt, J.; Hay, P.J.; Carpenter, J.A. Jr.

1986-01-01

Major developments in materials characterization instrumentation over the past decade have helped significantly to elucidate complex processes and phenomena connected with the microstructure of materials and interfacial interactions. Equally remarkable advances in theoretical models and computer technology also have been taking place during this period. These latter now permit, for example, in selected cases the computation of material structures and bonding and the prediction of some material properties. Two assessments of the state of the art of instrumental techniques and theoretical methods for the study of material structures and properties have recently been conducted. This paper discusses aspects from these assessments of computational theoretical methods apply to materials

Atomistic Simulations of Small-scale Materials Tests of Nuclear Materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Shin, Chan Sun; Jin, Hyung Ha; Kwon, Jun Hyun

2012-01-01

Degradation of materials properties under neutron irradiation is one of the key issues affecting the lifetime of nuclear reactors. Evaluating the property changes of materials due to irradiations and understanding the role of microstructural changes on mechanical properties are required for ensuring reliable and safe operation of a nuclear reactor. However, high dose of neuron irradiation capabilities are rather limited and it is difficult to discriminate various factors affecting the property changes of materials. Ion beam irradiation can be used to investigate radiation damage to materials in a controlled way, but has the main limitation of small penetration depth in the length scale of micro meters. Over the past decade, the interest in the investigations of size-dependent mechanical properties has promoted the development of various small-scale materials tests, e.g. nanoindentation and micro/nano-pillar compression tests. Small-scale materials tests can address the issue of the limitation of small penetration depth of ion irradiation. In this paper, we present small-scale materials tests (experiments and simulation) which are applied to study the size and irradiation effects on mechanical properties. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation and nanopillar compression tests. These atomistic simulations are expected to significantly contribute to the investigation of the fundamental deformation mechanism of small scale irradiated materials

In-plane Material Filters for the Discrete Material Optimization Method

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sørensen, Rene; Lund, Erik

2015-01-01

, because the projection filter is a non-linear function of the design variables, the projected variables have to be re-scaled in a final so-called normalization filter. This is done to prevent the optimizer in creating superior, but non-physical pseudo-materials. The method is demonstrated on a series......This paper presents in-plane material filters for the Discrete Material Optimization method used for optimizing laminated composite structures. The filters make it possible for engineers to specify a minimum length scale which governs the minimum size of areas with constant material continuity....... Consequently, engineers can target the available production methods, and thereby increase its manufacturability while the optimizer is free to determine which material to apply together with an optimum location, shape, and size of these areas with constant material continuity. By doing so, engineers no longer...

Device for separating, purifying and recovering nuclear fuel material, impurities and materials from impurity-containing nuclear fuel materials or nuclear fuel containing material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sato, Ryuichi; Kamei, Yoshinobu; Watanabe, Tsuneo; Tanaka, Shigeru.

1988-01-01

Purpose: To separate, purify and recover nuclear fuel materials, impurities and materials with no formation of liquid wastes. Constitution: Oxidizing atmosphere gases are introduced from both ends of a heating furnace. Vessels containing impurity-containing nuclear fuel substances or nuclear fuel substance-containing material are continuously disposed movably from one end to the other of the heating furnace. Then, impurity oxides or material oxides selectively evaporated from the impurity-containing nuclear fuel substances or nuclear fuel substance-containing materials are entrained in the oxidizing atmosphere gas and the gases are led out externally from a discharge port opened at the intermediate portion of the heating furnace, filters are disposed to the exit to solidify and capture the nuclear fuel substances and traps are disposed behind the filters to solidify and capture the oxides by spontaneous air cooling or water cooling. (Sekiya, K.)

Articulating Material Criteria

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hasling, Karen Marie

2013-01-01

, imitate and articulate the students’ inclusion of materials. This paper particularly discusses the experiences made and ideas generated after the execution of a material science course for second year students, with emphasis on the concept of the material selection matrix as an educational tool......This paper discusses the experiences and potentials with materials teaching at the Institute for Product Design at Kolding School of Design, using materials teaching as experiments in my PhD project. The project intents to create a stronger material awareness among product design students...... with emphasis on sustainability. The experiments aim to develop an understanding of, how product design students include materials in their design practice and how tools can be developed that further enhance this. Hence experiments are essential for the progress of the PhD project as they help to observe...

Multicomponent polymeric materials

CERN Document Server

Thomas, Sabu; Saha, Prosenjit

2016-01-01

The book offers an in-depth review of the materials design and manufacturing processes employed in the development of multi-component or multiphase polymer material systems. This field has seen rapid growth in both academic and industrial research, as multiphase materials are increasingly replacing traditional single-component materials in commercial applications. Many obstacles can be overcome by processing and using multiphase materials in automobile, construction, aerospace, food processing, and other chemical industry applications. The comprehensive description of the processing, characterization, and application of multiphase materials presented in this book offers a world of new ideas and potential technological advantages for academics, researchers, students, and industrial manufacturers from diverse fields including rubber engineering, polymer chemistry, materials processing and chemical science. From the commercial point of view it will be of great value to those involved in processing, optimizing an...

Material characterization models and test methods for historic building materials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, Tessa Kvist; Peuhkuri, Ruut Hannele; Møller, Eva B.

2017-01-01

Predictions of long term hygrothermal performance can be assessed by dynamic hygrothermal simulations, in which material parameters are crucial input. Material parameters for especially historic materials are often unknown; therefore, there is a need to determine important parameters, and simple...

Structural characterization of amorphous materials applied to low-k organosilicate materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Raymunt, Alexandra Cooper, E-mail: amc442@cornell.edu; Clancy, Paulette

2014-07-01

We present a methodology to create computational atomistic-level models of porous amorphous materials, in particular, an organosilicate structure for ultra-low dielectric constant (ULK) materials known as “SiCOH.” The method combines the ability to satisfy geometric and chemical constraints with subsequent molecular dynamics (MD) techniques as a way to capture the complexities of the porous and amorphous nature of these materials. The motivation for studying ULK materials arises from a desire to understand the origin of the material's weak mechanical properties. The first step towards understanding how these materials might behave under processing conditions that are intended to improve their mechanical properties is to develop a suitable computational model of the material and hence is the focus of this paper. We define the atomic-scale topology of ULK materials that have been produced by chemical vapor deposition-like experimental techniques. Specifically, we have developed a method of defining the initial atom configurations and interactions, as well as a method to rearrange these starting configurations into relaxed structures. The main advantage of our described approach is the ability of our structure generation method to maintain a random distribution of relevant structural motifs throughout the structure, without relying on large unit cells and periodic boundaries to approximate the behavior of this complex material. The minimization of the different models was accomplished using replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD). Following the generation of the ‘equilibrium’ configurations that result from REMD for a ULK material of a pre-specified composition, we demonstrate that its structural properties, including bonding topology, porosity and pore size distribution are similar to experimentally used ULK materials. - Highlights: • Method for creating a model of a low dielectric constant organosilicate material • Method of defining porosity in

Materializing Ethnography

OpenAIRE

Geismar, H.; Horst, H. A.

2004-01-01

The articles in this volume were originally presented in a panel entitled ‘Material Methodologies’ at the American Anthropological Association meeting in New Orleans (November 2002). The panel was devised to tie together theoretical advances in the study of the material with the creative possibilities of fieldwork practices. Through detailed ethnographic discussion, we highlighted the ways in which a focus on a specifically material world enabled us to discover new perspecti...

Theoretical backgrounds of non-tempered materials production based on new raw materials

Science.gov (United States)

Lesovik, V. S.; Volodchenko, A. A.; Glagolev, E. S.; Chernysheva, N. V.; Lashina, I. V.; Feduk, R. S.

2018-03-01

One of the trends in construction material science is development and implementation of highly effective finish materials which improve architectural exterior of cities. Silicate materials widely-used in the construction today have rather low decorative properties. Different coloring agents are used in order to produce competitive materials, but due to the peculiarities of the production, process very strict specifications are applied to them. The use of industrial wastes or variety of rock materials as coloring agents is of great interest nowadays. The article shows that clay rock can be used as raw material in production of finish materials of non-autoclaved solidification. This raw material due to its material composition actively interacts with cementing component in steam treatment at 90–95 °C with formation of cementing joints that form a firm coagulative-cristalized and crystallization structure of material providing high physic-mechanical properties of silicate goods. It is determined that energy-saving, colored finish materials with compression strength up to 16 MPa can be produced from clay rocks.

Phase-change materials handbook

Science.gov (United States)

Hale, D. V.; Hoover, M. J.; Oneill, M. J.

1972-01-01

Handbook describes relationship between phase-change materials and more conventional thermal control techniques and discusses materials' space and terrestrial applications. Material properties of most promising phase-change materials and purposes and uses of metallic filler materials in phase-change material composites are provided.

ORTURB, HTGR Steam Turbine Dynamic for FSV Reactor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Conklin, J.C.

2001-01-01

1 - Description of program or function: ORTURB was written specifically to calculate the dynamic behavior of the Fort St. Vrain (FSV) High- Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) steam turbines. The program is divided into three main parts: the driver subroutine; turbine subroutines to calculate the pressure-flow balance of the high-, intermediate-, and low-pressure turbines; and feedwater heater subroutines. 2 - Method of solution: The program uses a relationship derived for ideal gas flow in an iterative fashion that minimizes computational time to determine the pressure and flow in the FSV steam turbines as a function of plant transient operating conditions. An important computer modeling characteristic, unique to FSV, is that the high-pressure turbine exhaust steam is used to drive the reactor core coolant circulators prior to entering the reheater. A feedwater heater dynamic simulation model utilizing seven state variables for each of the five heaters is included in the ORTURB computer simulation of the regenerative Rankine cycle steam turbines. The seven temperature differential equations are solved at each time- step using a matrix exponential method. 3 - Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The turbine shaft is assumed to rotate at a constant (rated) speed of 3600 rpm. Energy and mass storage of steam in the high-, intermediate-, and low-pressure turbines is assumed to be negligible. These limitations exclude the use of ORTURB during a turbine transient such as startup from zero power or very low turbine flows

A THICK CURRENT SHELL MODEL

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2005-08-25

Aug 25, 2005 ... control ling the current distribution latitudinally and vertically ... horizontal plane (v 3 constant) as a result oF the ... optimisation subroutine of licensed MATLAB 6.0 ... electrojct axis does not coincide with the dip equator.

Computer program for the analysis of the cross flow in a radial inflow turbine scroll

Science.gov (United States)

Hamed, A.; Abdallah, S.; Tabakoff, W.

1977-01-01

A computer program was used to solve the governing of the potential flow in the cross sectional planes of a radial inflow turbine scroll. A list of the main program, the subroutines, and typical output example are included.

Comprehensive hard materials

CERN Document Server

2014-01-01

Comprehensive Hard Materials deals with the production, uses and properties of the carbides, nitrides and borides of these metals and those of titanium, as well as tools of ceramics, the superhard boron nitrides and diamond and related compounds. Articles include the technologies of powder production (including their precursor materials), milling, granulation, cold and hot compaction, sintering, hot isostatic pressing, hot-pressing, injection moulding, as well as on the coating technologies for refractory metals, hard metals and hard materials. The characterization, testing, quality assurance and applications are also covered. Comprehensive Hard Materials provides meaningful insights on materials at the leading edge of technology. It aids continued research and development of these materials and as such it is a critical information resource to academics and industry professionals facing the technological challenges of the future. Hard materials operate at the leading edge of technology, and continued res...

Strategic Materials

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Buhler, Carl; Burke, Adrian; Davis, Kirk; Gerhard, Michelle; Heil, Valerie; Hulse, Richard; Kwong, Ralph; Mahoney, Michael; Moran, Scott; Peek, Michael

2006-01-01

Some materials possess greater value than others. Materials that provide essential support for the nation's economic viability or enable critical military capabilities warrant special attention in security studies...

New implementation of a shear-force microscope suitable to study topographical features over wide areas

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ustione, A.; Cricenti, A.; Piacentini, M.; Felici, A. C.

2006-01-01

A new implementation of a shear-force microscope is described that uses a shear-force detection system to perform topographical imaging of large areas (∼1x1 mm 2 ). This implementation finds very interesting application in the study of archeological or artistic samples. Three dc motors are used to move a sample during a scan, allowing the probe tip to follow the surface and to face height differences of several tens of micrometers. This large-area topographical imaging mode exploits new subroutines that were added to the existing homemade software; these subroutines were created in Microsoft VISUAL BASIC 6.0 programming language. With this new feature our shear-force microscope can be used to study topographical details over large areas of archaeological samples in a nondestructive way. We show results detecting worn reliefs over a coin

Accelerating execution of the integrated TIGER series Monte Carlo radiation transport codes

Science.gov (United States)

Smith, L. M.; Hochstedler, R. D.

1997-02-01

Execution of the integrated TIGER series (ITS) of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo radiation transport codes has been accelerated by modifying the FORTRAN source code for more efficient computation. Each member code of ITS was benchmarked and profiled with a specific test case that directed the acceleration effort toward the most computationally intensive subroutines. Techniques for accelerating these subroutines included replacing linear search algorithms with binary versions, replacing the pseudo-random number generator, reducing program memory allocation, and proofing the input files for geometrical redundancies. All techniques produced identical or statistically similar results to the original code. Final benchmark timing of the accelerated code resulted in speed-up factors of 2.00 for TIGER (the one-dimensional slab geometry code), 1.74 for CYLTRAN (the two-dimensional cylindrical geometry code), and 1.90 for ACCEPT (the arbitrary three-dimensional geometry code).

Accelerating execution of the integrated TIGER series Monte Carlo radiation transport codes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, L.M.; Hochstedler, R.D.

1997-01-01

Execution of the integrated TIGER series (ITS) of coupled electron/photon Monte Carlo radiation transport codes has been accelerated by modifying the FORTRAN source code for more efficient computation. Each member code of ITS was benchmarked and profiled with a specific test case that directed the acceleration effort toward the most computationally intensive subroutines. Techniques for accelerating these subroutines included replacing linear search algorithms with binary versions, replacing the pseudo-random number generator, reducing program memory allocation, and proofing the input files for geometrical redundancies. All techniques produced identical or statistically similar results to the original code. Final benchmark timing of the accelerated code resulted in speed-up factors of 2.00 for TIGER (the one-dimensional slab geometry code), 1.74 for CYLTRAN (the two-dimensional cylindrical geometry code), and 1.90 for ACCEPT (the arbitrary three-dimensional geometry code)

XTAL system of crystallographic programs: programmer's manual

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hall, S.R.; Stewart, J.M.; Norden, A.P.; Munn, R.J.; Freer, S.T.

1980-02-01

This document establishes the basis for collaborative writing of transportable computer programs for x-ray crystallography. The concepts and general-purpose utility subroutines described here can be readily adapted to other scientific calculations. The complete system of crystallographic programs and subroutines is called XTAL and replaces the XRAY (6,7,8) system of programs. The coding language for the XTAL system is RATMAC (5). The XTAL system of programs contains routines for controlling execution of application programs. In this sense it forms a suboperating system that presents the same computational environment to the user and programmer irrespective of the operating system in use at a particular installation. These control routines replace all FORTRAN I/O code, supply character reading and writing, supply binary file reading and writing, serve as a support library for applications programs, and provide for interprogram communication

Theoretical analysis of nuclear reactors (Phase II), I-V, Part V, Determining the fine neutron flux distribution by Pn method

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pop-Jordanov, J.

1962-10-01

Expression for spherical harmonic moments were applied. They were obtained by spherical harmonics expansion of monoenergetic transport equation. This report presents the procedure for calculating the neutron flux distribution in the nine-zone reactor cell of the RA reactor in Vinca. The procedure was modelled for digital computer ZUSE Z-23 by expansion of the diagram of the automated P 3 code, which is adequate for P n code with minor changes. The needed subroutines were developed. The most important ones were those for modified first and second order Bessel functions of n-th order. Computer Z-23 was operating only 15 hours during three months, and thus only the subroutines for modified Bessel functions could be tested and the obtained results were excellent. For the mentioned reason the neutron flux distribution will be calculated in the forthcoming period [sr

Monopole Element at the Center of a Circular Groundplane of Arbitrary Radius. Volume 2. Appendices

Science.gov (United States)

1986-03-31

ocM’T-o — o-iMin-o M*riiM/)«rNn« fMD -OO^O^MD<iino*nJ-JJO’*niMI)IDo(HDi>«.flriiot>o^rijNiD<r«i’-H zoo — JJSMI- rM»n-oomr)»o — m — — N — CM — i>ini>nj...o-o-orj-iNrxOO-o-oa) fta )CMOOft•o->rv«0𔃺-inn(0>fODnwoinin-.^)Oftino-ininj)o--o K<rry-<^ODoa)**mrtN«^naiooor)*(D^,NO’^inr>«^orvor)-H’OrvinN...C SUBROUTINE QMM * SUBROUTINE QMM<AK,DKD,DKW,CDKD,SDKD,CDK,SDK,TK. IWZ,NPH. Zll> IMPLICIT REAL*8 <A-H>,(P-Z) C0MPLEX*16 FDM, FMD

Calculation of inelastic mean free path and stopping power for electrons in solids from an optical-data model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandez-Varea, J.M.; Mayol, R.; Salvat, F.; Liljequist, D.

1992-11-01

The numerical calculation of electron inelastic mean free path and stopping power from an optical-data model recently proposed by Fernandez-Varea et al. is described in detail. Explicit expressions for the one-electron total cross sections of the two-modes model of the free-electron gas and the δ-oscillator are derived. The inelastic mean free path and the stopping power are obtained as integrals of these one-electron total cross sections weighted by the optical as integrals of these one-electron total cross sections weighted by the optical oscillator strength. The integrals can be easily evaluated, with a selected accuracy, by using the FORTRAN 77 subroutine GABQ described here, which implements a 20-points Gauss adaptive bipartition quadrature method. Source listings of FORTRAN 77 subroutines to compute the one-electron total cross sections are also given

Continuous-variable quantum Gaussian process regression and quantum singular value decomposition of nonsparse low-rank matrices

Science.gov (United States)

Das, Siddhartha; Siopsis, George; Weedbrook, Christian

2018-02-01

With the significant advancement in quantum computation during the past couple of decades, the exploration of machine-learning subroutines using quantum strategies has become increasingly popular. Gaussian process regression is a widely used technique in supervised classical machine learning. Here we introduce an algorithm for Gaussian process regression using continuous-variable quantum systems that can be realized with technology based on photonic quantum computers under certain assumptions regarding distribution of data and availability of efficient quantum access. Our algorithm shows that by using a continuous-variable quantum computer a dramatic speedup in computing Gaussian process regression can be achieved, i.e., the possibility of exponentially reducing the time to compute. Furthermore, our results also include a continuous-variable quantum-assisted singular value decomposition method of nonsparse low rank matrices and forms an important subroutine in our Gaussian process regression algorithm.

Boron carbide-coated carbon material, manufacturing method therefor and plasma facing material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Suzuki, Takayuki; Kikuchi, Yoshihiro; Hyakki, Yasuo.

1997-01-01

The present invention concerns a plasma facing material suitable to a thermonuclear device. The material comprises a carbon material formed by converting the surface of a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon material comprising a carbon matrix and carbon fibers to a boron carbide, the material has a surface comprising vertically or substantially vertically oriented carbon fibers, and the thickness of the surface converted to boron carbide is reduced in the carbon fiber portion than in the carbon matrix portion. Alternatively, a carbon fiber-reinforced carbon material containing carbon fibers having a higher graphitizing degree than the carbon matrix is converted to boron carbide on the surface where the carbon fibers are oriented vertically or substantially vertically. The carbon fiber-reinforced material is used as a base material, and a resin material impregnated into a shaped carbon fiber product is carbonized or thermally decomposed carbon is filled as a matrix. The material of the present invention has high heat conduction and excellent in heat resistance thereby being suitable to a plasma facing material for a thermonuclear device. Electric specific resistivity of the entire coating layer can be lowered, occurrence of arc discharge is prevented and melting can be prevented. (N.H.)

Waste Material Management: Energy and materials for industry

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

1993-05-01

This booklet describes DOE`s Waste Material Management (WMM) programs, which are designed to help tap the potential of waste materials. Four programs are described in general terms: Industrial Waste Reduction, Waste Utilization and Conversion, Energy from Municipal Waste, and Solar Industrial Applications.

Paruman Tapakan Barong dalam Ritual Tapak Pertiwi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

I Wayan Dana

2013-11-01

Full Text Available Paruman Tapakan Barong on Tapak Pertiwi Ritual. Ritual tapak pertiwi siklus pelaksanaan ritual tahunandalam perhitungan kalender Bali, diselenggarakan terpusat dalam Paruman Tapakan Barong di Pura Natar SariApuan. Pelaksanaan ritual ini dihadiri oleh berbagai bentuk tapakan barong yang datang dari berbagai daerah sewilayah Bali Tengah yang memperoleh kekuatan pasupati di Pura Natar Sari Apuan. Aktivitas ritual ini bermaknamenyatunya kekuatan dewa sebagai simbol (purusa dengan dewi pertiwi simbol (pradana. Pertemuan keduaunsur kekuatan suci itu melahirkan gerak kehidupan, menyucikan alam semesta dari segala pengaruh negatif yangmengancam hidup dan kehidupan umat manusia di alam semesta ini. Oleh karena itu, masyarakat Hindu di Balimenghadirkan berbagai bentuk ritual keagamaan untuk menghormati menyatunya energi alam positif dan negatifdalam beragam wujud, termasuk ritual tapak pertiwi.

Composite Materials

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Lauge Fuglsang

This book deals with the mechanical and physical behavior of composites as influenced by composite geometry. "Composite Materials" provides a comprehensive introduction for researchers and students to modern composite materials research with a special emphasis on the significance of phase geometry......, viscoelastic behavior, and internal stress states. Other physical properties considered are thermal and electrical conductivities, diffusion coefficients, dielectric constants and magnetic permeability. Special attention is given to the effect of pore shape on the mechanical and physical behavior of porous....... The book enables the reader to a better understanding of the behavior of natural composites, improvement of such materials, and design of new materials with prescribed properties. A number of examples are presented: Special composite properties considered are stiffness, shrinkage, hygro-thermal behavior...

Nano Materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin, In Ju; Lee, Ik Mo; Kwon, Yeung Gu

2006-02-01

This book introduces background of nano science such as summary, plenty room at the bottom, access way to nano technique, nanoparticles using bottom-up method which are a marvel of nature, and modern alchemy : chemical synthesis of artificial nano structure, understanding of quantum mechanics, STM/AFM, nano metal powder, ceramic nanoparticles, nano structure film, manufacture of nanoparticles using reverse micelle method, carbon nano tube, sol-gel material, nano energy material, nano catalyst nano bio material technology and spintronics.

Description and manual for the use of DRIVER - an interactive modelling aid

CSIR Research Space (South Africa)

Furniss, PR

1977-09-01

Full Text Available The modelling aid DRIVER is described. It permits the interactive manipulation of the parameters and variables of difference models which are implemented as FORTRAN subroutines. Relationships in the model can be expressed as arbitrary functions. A...

Thermomechanical Modelling of Direct-Drive Friction Welding Applying a Thermal Pseudo Mechanical Model for the Generation of Heat

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sonne, Mads Rostgaard; Hattel, Jesper Henri

2018-01-01

In the present work a 2D a xisymmetric thermomechanical model of the direct-drive friction welding process is developed, taking the temperature dependent shear yield stress into account in the description of the heat generation, utilizing a recent thermal pseudo mechanical model originally...... developed for the friction stir welding (FSW) process. The model is implemented in ABAQUS/Explicit via a subroutine. The application in this case is joining of austenitic stainless steel rods with an outer diameter of 112 mm, used for manufacturing of exhaust gas valves for large two stroke marine engines....... The material properties in terms of the temperature dependent flowstress curves used both in the thermal and the mechanical constitutive description are extracted from compression tests performed between 20 °C and 1200 °C on a Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator. Comparison between measured and simulated...

Experiment Analysis and Modelling of Compaction Behaviour of Ag60Cu30Sn10 Mixed Metal Powders

Science.gov (United States)

Zhou, Mengcheng; Huang, Shangyu; Liu, Wei; Lei, Yu; Yan, Shiwei

2018-03-01

A novel process method combines powder compaction and sintering was employed to fabricate thin sheets of cadmium-free silver based filler metals, the compaction densification behaviour of Ag60Cu30Sn10 mixed metal powders was investigated experimentally. Based on the equivalent density method, the density-dependent Drucker-Prager Cap (DPC) model was introduced to model the powder compaction behaviour. Various experiment procedures were completed to determine the model parameters. The friction coefficients in lubricated and unlubricated die were experimentally determined. The determined material parameters were validated by experiments and numerical simulation of powder compaction process using a user subroutine (USDFLD) in ABAQUS/Standard. The good agreement between the simulated and experimental results indicates that the determined model parameters are able to describe the compaction behaviour of the multicomponent mixed metal powders, which can be further used for process optimization simulations.

Temperature field in concrete when in contact with hot liquids

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andrade Lima, F.R. de.

1981-09-01

In an HCDA (Hypothetical Core Disruptive Accident) it is postulated that liquid metal coolants and core materials come in contact with the retaining concrete structure. A mathematical model and an associated computer program was previously developed to describle the transient heat and mass transfer in the concrete. Implementations on the original program-USINT- are included to consider the variations of the thermal conductivity as a function of the temperature. Also a subroutine - PLOTTI - is incorporated to the program for the plotting of the results. The new program - USINTG - is used to calculate the temperature and pressure fields and the water released from concrete structures during a sodium leak simulation and with the concrete structures in contact with liquid sodium. No consideration about chemical reactions involving the sodium when in contact with concrete is considered. (Author) [pt

Materials science and architecture

Science.gov (United States)

Bechthold, Martin; Weaver, James C.

2017-12-01

Materiality — the use of various materials in architecture — has been fundamental to the design and construction of buildings, and materials science has traditionally responded to needs formulated by design, engineering and construction professionals. Material properties and processes are shaping buildings and influencing how they perform. The advent of technologies such as digital fabrication, robotics and 3D printing have not only accelerated the development of new construction solutions, but have also led to a renewed interest in materials as a catalyst for novel architectural design. In parallel, materials science has transformed from a field that explains materials to one that designs materials from the bottom up. The conflation of these two trends is giving rise to materials-based design research in which architects, engineers and materials scientists work as partners in the conception of new materials systems and their applications. This Review surveys this development for different material classes (wood, ceramics, metals, concrete, glass, synthetic composites and polymers), with an emphasis on recent trends and innovations.

Multifunctional materials and composites

Science.gov (United States)

Seo, Dong-Kyun; Jeon, Ki-Wan

2017-08-22

Forming multifunctional materials and composites thereof includes contacting a first material having a plurality of oxygen-containing functional groups with a chalcogenide compound, and initiating a chemical reaction between the first material and the chalcogenide compound, thereby replacing oxygen in some of the oxygen-containing functional groups with chalcogen from the chalcogen-containing compound to yield a second material having chalcogen-containing functional groups and oxygen-containing functional groups. The first material is a carbonaceous material or a macromolecular material. A product including the second material is collected and may be processed further to yield a modified product or a composite.

Sea materials experimental plans

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1987-07-01

This Seal Materials Performance Test Plan describes the plan for testing materials that will be used to seal a high-level nuclear waste repository in salt at a proposed site in Deaf Smith County, Texas. The need for sealing and backfilling the repository and the use of various sealing materials are described. The seal materials include mined salt backfills, cementitious bulkheads and plugs, and earthen backfills. The laboratory testing program for characterizing the behavior and performance of these materials is described. This report includes plans for screening materials, evaluating candidate materials to be tested, and testing a representative set of materials

Material focus

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sokoler, Tomas; Vallgårda, Anna K. A.

2009-01-01

In this paper we build on the notion of computational composites, which hold a material perspective on computational technology. We argue that a focus on the material aspects of the technology could be a fruitful approach to achieve new expressions and to gain a new view on the technology's role...... in design. We study two of the computer's material properties: computed causality and connectability and through developing two computational composites that utilize these properties we begin to explore their potential expressions....

Material Systems

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Jensen, Mads Brath; Mortensen, Henrik Rubæk; Mullins, Michael

2009-01-01

This paper describes and reflects upon the results of an investigative project which explores the setting up of a material system - a parametric and generative assembly consisting of and taking into consideration material properties, manufacturing constraints and geometric behavior. The project...... approaches the subject through the construction of a logic-driven system aiming to explore the possibilities of a material system that fulfills spatial, structural and performative requirements concurrently and how these are negotiated in situations where they might be conflicting....

Contrast Materials

Science.gov (United States)

... is mixed with water before administration liquid paste tablet When iodine-based and barium-sulfate contrast materials ... for patients with kidney failure or allergies to MRI and/or computed tomography (CT) contrast material. Microbubble ...

Insulating materials from renewable raw materials. 4. ed.; Daemmstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Brandhorst, Joerg; Spritzendorfer, Josef; Gildhorn, Kai; Hemp, Markus

2012-03-27

The thermal insulation has become a central issue in the construction and renovation of buildings. The question of healthy building materials and appropriate construction follows the desire of a comfartable and allergy-free living. Due to these developments, insulation materials from renewable resources increasingly has raised the consciousness. The brochure under consideration describes the dynamic market of insulation materials consisting of renewable raw materials. Wood fibers, wood wool, sheep wool, flax, hemp, reeds, meadow grass, cork, cellulose, seaweed and bulrushes are considered as renewable raw materials for insulating materials.

User's guide to the Sandia Mathematical Program Library at Livermore

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Huddleston, R.E.; Jefferson, T.H.

1976-03-01

The Sandia Mathematical Program Library is a collection of general-purpose mathematical subroutines which are maintained within Sandia on a quick service basis. This document is intended to be a reference guide for using the library at Sandia Laboratories, Livermore. (auth)

Simulation of Kinkband Formation in Fiber Composites

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Veluri, Badri; Jensen, Henrik Myhre

2010-01-01

subroutine in ABAQUS/Standard for analyzing the kinkband formation in the fiber composites under compressive loading within the framework of large deformation kinematics. This computational model analyses the effects of misalignment on elastic plastic deformation under plane strain conditions based...

Aurora T: a Monte Carlo code for transportation of neutral atoms in a toroidal plasma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bignami, A.; Chiorrini, R.

1982-01-01

This paper contains a short description of Aurora code. This code have been developed at Princeton with Monte Carlo method for calculating neutral gas in cylindrical plasma. In this work subroutines such one can take in account toroidal geometry are developed

RF model of the distribution system as a communication channel, phase 2. Volume 4: Sofware source program and illustrations ASCII database listings

Science.gov (United States)

Rustay, R. C.; Gajjar, J. T.; Rankin, R. W.; Wentz, R. C.; Wooding, R.

1982-01-01

Listings of source programs and some illustrative examples of various ASCII data base files are presented. The listings are grouped into the following categories: main programs, subroutine programs, illustrative ASCII data base files. Within each category files are listed alphabetically.

Fusion Reactor Materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Decreton, M.

2002-01-01

The objective of SCK-CEN's programme on fusion reactor materials is to contribute to the knowledge on the radiation-induced behaviour of fusion reactor materials and components as well as to help the international community in building the scientific and technical basis needed for the construction of the future reactor. Ongoing projects include: the study of the mechanical and chemical (corrosion) behaviour of structural materials under neutron irradiation and water coolant environment; the investigation of the characteristics of irradiated first wall material such as beryllium; investigations on the management of materials resulting from the dismantling of fusion reactors including waste disposal. Progress and achievements in these areas in 2001 are discussed

Methods of materiality

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Aagaard, Jesper; Matthiesen, Noomi Christine Linde

2016-01-01

that researchers should start paying attention to the material world (consisting of both human bodies and material objects) and what it means for how people live their lives. It is argued that this can be done by incorporating the concept of material presence to capture embodied and material layers of existence......This article challenges the hegemonic status of “language” as the primary substance of qualitative research in psychology, whether through interviews or recordings of naturally occurring talk. It thereby questions the overt focus on analyzing linguistic “meaning.” Instead, it is suggested...... practical guidelines for incorporating attention to materiality in qualitative research....

Materials with structural hierarchy

Science.gov (United States)

Lakes, Roderic

1993-01-01

The role of structural hierarchy in determining bulk material properties is examined. Dense hierarchical materials are discussed, including composites and polycrystals, polymers, and biological materials. Hierarchical cellular materials are considered, including cellular solids and the prediction of strength and stiffness in hierarchical cellular materials.