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Sample records for mammalia chiroptera riqueza

  1. Rediscovery of Meristaspis lateralis (Kolenati) (Acari: Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae) parasitizing the Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy) (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with a key to mites of bats in Egypt.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Negm, Mohamed W; Fakeer, Mahmoud M

    2014-04-01

    Faunistic information about bat mites in Egypt is scarce. Collection records of parasitic mites, Meristaspis lateralis (Kolenati, 1856) (Mesostigmata: Spinturnicidae), are reported from the Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus (Geoffroy, 1810) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Assiut Governorate, Egypt. Seven species of bat mites are recognized from Egypt to date. A host-parasite checklist and an identification key to these species are presented.

  2. Morphometric variation in the pusillus group of the genus Rhinolophus (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in East Asia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Yi; Motokawa, Masaharu; Harada, Masashi; Thong, Vu Dinh; Lin, Liang-Kong; Li, Yu-Chun

    2012-06-01

    Based on 203 specimens belonging to the Rhinolophus "pusillus group" (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), univariate and multivariate morphometric analyses using 19 characters were performed to assess the confused species taxonomy. The results indicated that R. pusillus (including calidus, parcus, and szechuanus) in the continental region and Hainan Island of China and "R. cornutus" in Japan are morphologically divergent species. Rhinolophus cornutus should be further split into R. cornutus (including orii, pumilus, and miyakonis) in the main islands of Japan, the Amami and Okinawa Group of the central Ryukyu Archipelago, and Miyako Group of the southern Ryukyus; and R. perditus and R. imaizumii from the Yaeyama Group in the southern Ryukyus. Rhinolophus monoceros from Taiwan is morphologically more similar to species in Japan than to R. pusillus. In addition to R. pusillus, another form that is morphologically similar to species in Japan was recognized from Langzhong in Sichuan Province; this may represent an undescribed species, and further examination is necessary to determine its taxonomic status. Specimens from Guang'an in Sichuan Province, China, are also different from the others, and are characterized by the smallest skull size. Although further studies are required, these specimens were tentatively identified as R. subbadius.

  3. Morcegos neotropicais : padrões de riqueza, coocorrência e aninhamento

    OpenAIRE

    Bernardi, Itiberê Piaia

    2015-01-01

    Orientador : Prof. Dr. Fernando de Camargo Passos Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação. Defesa: Curitiba, 06/02/2015 Inclui referências Resumo: A notável diversidade de formas, adaptações morfológicas e hábitos alimentares, além de padrões e histórias biogeográficas únicas, fazem ordem Chiroptera um excelente modelo para estudos de biodiversidade. Tanto o gradiente latitudinal da riqueza, ...

  4. A record from Surinam of the bat Chiroderma trinitatum Goodwin, 1958 (Mammalia, Chiroptera)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bergmans, W.

    1979-01-01

    Re-examination of a collection of bats from Surinam in the Zoölogisch Museum, Amsterdam, uncovered a specimen representing the Phyllostomatid bat Chiroderma trinitatum Goodwin, 1958. This species does not appear in the monograph of the Chiroptera of Surinam by Husson (1962), nor in his more recent

  5. Riqueza de espécies de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera em dois diferentes habitats, na região centro-sul do Paraná, sul do Brasil Richness of bats species (Mammalia, Chiroptera in two different habitats in the center south region, Paraná, Brazil

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    Nelio R. dos Reis

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Estudo preliminar sobre a riqueza de espécies e a freqüência de capturas de morcegos em dois habitats, mata primária e reflorestamento de Araucária, na Região Centro Leste do Paraná. Foi empregado o mesmo esforço para as duas áreas, resultando na captura de 11 espécies na área de mata primária, contra oito no reflorestamento de Araucária. A uniformidade na distribuição da abundância - " equitabilidade" - foi maior na mata primária. No reflorestamento de Araucária, noventa por cento dos indivíduos coletados pertenciam somente a duas espécies. Pelos resultados, conclui-se que a floresta primária com numerosos nichos, apresenta uma riqueza de espécies elevada, mas a ação do homem reduz a riqueza de espécies geral, o que se reflete principalmente na dominância de poucas espécies. Destaca-se aqui, nos dois tipos de ambientes, a presença de Myotis ruber, listada como ameaçada de extinção no Brasil.Preliminary study about the richness of species and the capture frequency of bats from two habitats: native forest and Araucária reforestation area, in the center east region of Paraná. The same capture effort for the two areas resulted in 11 species of bats captured in the native forest and eight in the Araucária reforestation area. The uniformity in species abundance - evenness - was higher in the native forest. In the Araucária reforestation area, ninety per cent of the collected individuals belonged only to two species. Results show that the primary forest with numerous niches presents high richness of species, but human action reduces the general richness, which reflects mainly in the small number of species. Myotis ruber is registered in both environments and related in the Brazilian list of threatened species of extinction.

  6. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 10. Bat fauna of Iran

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Benda, P.; Faizolahi, K.; Andreas, M.; Obuch, J.; Reiter, A.; Ševčík, M.; Uhrin, M.; Vallo, Peter; Ashrafi, S.

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 76, 3-4 (2012), s. 163-562 ISSN 1211-376X Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : distribution * ecology * echolocation * ectoparasites * Chiroptera * Iran * Middle East * Palaearctic Subject RIV: EG - Zoology

  7. O conhecimento sobre morcegos (Chiroptera: Mammalia do estado do Espírito Santo, sudeste do Brasil

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    Poliana Mendes

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available A Ordem Chiroptera apresenta importância relevante na dinâmica dos ecossistemas, sendo a ordem de mamíferos com maior diversidade de hábitos de vida. Dentre os estados da região Sudeste do Brasil, o Espírito Santo é um dos mais carentes em relação ao conhecimento de morcegos. Este estudo sintetizou o estado do conhecimento sobre quirópteros gerado no Espírito Santo. Para isso, foram catalogados os morcegos depositados no Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML, no Laboratório de Estudos de Quirópteros da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (LABEQ, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ, Royal Ontario Museum (ROM, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH e University of Michigan Museum Zoology (UMMZ. Além disso, foi realizada uma busca por artigos publicados sobre morcegos do Espírito Santo. Foram revistos 49 artigos científicos, realizadas três teses de mestrado e 11 monografias. Considerando as coleções amostradas e artigos publicados totalizam-se 63 espécies de morcegos para o estado, provenientes de 37 dos 78 municípios do Espírito Santo. A maior riqueza de espécies de morcegos foi encontrada nos municípios de Linhares e Santa Teresa, o que é provavelmente reflexo da maior parte dos espécimes depositados nos museus também serem desses municípios. O Espírito Santo apresenta um grande potencial para se encontrar novas ocorrências de espécies, enfatizando a importância da realização de futuros estudos sobre morcegos no estado.The Order Chiroptera plays a vital role in ecosystem dynamics. Among the states of Southeastern Brazil, Espírito Santo State is the one with the least known bat fauna. This study reports on the current state of knowledge on Espírito Santo bats generating this data bank. We have catalogued the bats deposited in the Biology Museum Prof. Mello Leitão (MBML, Laboratory of Bat Studies of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (LABEQ, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ, Royal Ontario

  8. Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera em restinga no município de Jaguaruna, sul de Santa Catarina, Brasil

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    Fernando Carvalho

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2009v22n3p193 O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a diversidade de morcegos em dois fragmentos florestais em área de restinga no município de Jaguaruna sul de Santa Catarina. Foram realizadas 18 noites de amostragem entre novembro de 2006 e setembro de 2008, sendo utilizadas em cada noite de coleta, cinco redes de neblina instaladas ao nível do solo, abertas por seis horas após pôr-do-sol. Foram calculados o índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’ e a riqueza esperada (Jackkinife de primeira ordem para a área como um todo. Foram capturados 135 indivíduos pertencentes a nove espécies de duas famílias (Phyllostomidae = 5; Vespertilionidae = 4. Sturnira lilium foi à espécie mais abundante (40% da amostra. O índice de diversidade foi de 1,75 e a riqueza estimada de 9,94 espécies. A riqueza observada representa 21,5% da fauna de morcegos registrada para a área de restinga no Brasil. O índice de diversidade obtido ficou próximo ao observado em outros estudos realizados em restingas brasileiras. Mesmo que pontuais, estudos que forneçam dados sobre a riqueza e abundância de espécies nas restingas são de grande importância, dada a carência de estudos neste ecossistema, principalmente sobre os morcegos, assim como, as pressões antrópicas que vem sofrendo.

  9. Murciélagos (Chiroptera: Mammalia del Parque Nacional Yurubí, Venezuela: listado taxonómico y estudio comunitario

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    Mariana Delgado-Jaramillo

    2011-12-01

    virtud de su importancia como reservorio de la diversidad biológica que tipifica los ecosistemas boscosos de la Cordillera de la Costa, una bio-región altamente amenazada como consecuencia de un elevado crecimiento socio-económico.Bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia from Yurubí National Park, Venezuela: taxonomic list and community study. Bats represent a key component in the dynamics of many terrestrial ecosystems, and one of the groups of mammals with the highest levels of diversification in the Neotropics. Here we describe the results of a study of the bat fauna from Yurubí National Park (mountain area in Northern Venezuela, that includes a taxonomic list and the characterization of some community attributes in forested areas. Data was collected from zoological collections and diversified sampling methods from February to July of 2009 in an altitudinal gradient (100-1 500m, with three principal ecological units: semideciduous, evergreen and cloud forests. We recorded 64 species grouped in five families (63% of the bats known from La Cordillera de la Costa, of which Phyllostomidae was the dominant taxa (42 species; 66% of total, followed by Vespertilionidae, Molossidae, Emballonuridae and Mormoopidae. The community with the highest taxonomic diversification was found in the lowest elevation range, while the lowest number of species was found at the highest range. Eleven trophic guilds were identified; the insectivorous guild was the richest, whereas the frugivorous was the most abundant. Our results allow us to indicate these forest ecosystems have an appropriate conservation status, taking into account the presence of a relatively high proportion of species from the subfamily Phyllostominae, as well as the presence of other species with conservation priorities. All these aspects, and the fact that this represents a reservoir of the biological diversity of the forest ecosystems of La Cordillera de la Costa, make this protected area of an essential conservation value, in a

  10. Chromosomal Evolution in Chiroptera

    OpenAIRE

    Sotero-Caio, Cibele G.; Baker, Robert J.; Volleth, Marianne

    2017-01-01

    Chiroptera is the second largest order among mammals, with over 1300 species in 21 extant families. The group is extremely diverse in several aspects of its natural history, including dietary strategies, ecology, behavior and morphology. Bat genomes show ample chromosome diversity (from 2n = 14 to 62). As with other mammalian orders, Chiroptera is characterized by clades with low, moderate and extreme chromosomal change. In this article, we will discuss trends of karyotypic evolution within d...

  11. Bats, clocks, and rocks: diversification patterns in Chiroptera.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jones, Kate E; Bininda-Emonds, Olaf R P; Gittleman, John L

    2005-10-01

    Identifying nonrandom clade diversification is a critical first step toward understanding the evolutionary processes underlying any radiation and how best to preserve future phylogenetic diversity. However, differences in diversification rates have not been quantitatively assessed for the majority of groups because of the lack of necessary analytical tools (e.g., complete species-level phylogenies, estimates of divergence times, and robust statistics which incorporate phylogenetic uncertainty and test appropriate null models of clade growth). Here, for the first time, we investigate diversification rate heterogeneity in one of the largest groups studied thus far, the bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). We use a recent, robust statistical approach (whole-tree likelihood-based relative rate tests) on complete dated species-level supertree phylogenies. As has been demonstrated previously for most other groups, among-lineage diversification rate within bats has not been constant. However, we show that bat diversification is more heterogeneous than in other mammalian clades thus far studied. The whole-tree likelihood-based relative rates tests suggest that clades within the families Phyllostomidae and Molossidae underwent a number of significant changes in relative diversification rate. There is also some evidence for rate shifts within Pteropodidae, Emballonuridae, Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, and Vespertilionidae, but the significance of these shifts depends on polytomy resolution within each family. Diversification rate in bats has also not been constant, with the largest diversification rate shifts occurring 30-50 million years ago, a time overlapping with the greatest number of shifts in flowering plant diversification rates.

  12. Chromosomal Evolution in Chiroptera.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sotero-Caio, Cibele G; Baker, Robert J; Volleth, Marianne

    2017-10-13

    Chiroptera is the second largest order among mammals, with over 1300 species in 21 extant families. The group is extremely diverse in several aspects of its natural history, including dietary strategies, ecology, behavior and morphology. Bat genomes show ample chromosome diversity (from 2n = 14 to 62). As with other mammalian orders, Chiroptera is characterized by clades with low, moderate and extreme chromosomal change. In this article, we will discuss trends of karyotypic evolution within distinct bat lineages (especially Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae), focusing on two perspectives: evolution of genome architecture, modes of chromosomal evolution, and the use of chromosome data to resolve taxonomic problems.

  13. Chromosomal Evolution in Chiroptera

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    Cibele G. Sotero-Caio

    2017-10-01

    Full Text Available Chiroptera is the second largest order among mammals, with over 1300 species in 21 extant families. The group is extremely diverse in several aspects of its natural history, including dietary strategies, ecology, behavior and morphology. Bat genomes show ample chromosome diversity (from 2n = 14 to 62. As with other mammalian orders, Chiroptera is characterized by clades with low, moderate and extreme chromosomal change. In this article, we will discuss trends of karyotypic evolution within distinct bat lineages (especially Phyllostomidae, Hipposideridae and Rhinolophidae, focusing on two perspectives: evolution of genome architecture, modes of chromosomal evolution, and the use of chromosome data to resolve taxonomic problems.

  14. Primeiro registro de Rhynchopsyllus pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae em Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae no Brasil First record of Rhynchopsyllus pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae in Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae in Brazil

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    Sílvia Gonzalez Monteiro

    2005-08-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se o parasitismo de Rhynchopsyllus pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae em Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera no município de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.The parasitism of Rhynchopsyllus pulex (Siphonaptera: Tungidae is described in Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera in the county of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

  15. Advances on molecular mechanism of the adaptive evolution of Chiroptera (bats).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yunpeng, Liang; Li, Yu

    2015-01-01

    As the second biggest animal group in mammals, Chiroptera (bats) demonstrates many unique adaptive features in terms of flight, echolocation, auditory acuity, feeding habit, hibernation and immune defense, providing an excellent system for understanding the molecular basis of how organisms adapt to the living environments encountered. In this review, we summarize the researches on the molecular mechanism of the adaptive evolution of Chiroptera, especially the recent researches at the genome levels, suggesting a far more complex evolutionary pattern and functional diversity than previously thought. In the future, along with the increasing numbers of Chiroptera species genomes available, new evolutionary patterns and functional divergence will be revealed, which can promote the further understanding of this animal group and the molecular mechanism of adaptive evolution.

  16. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira species associated with phyllostomid bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Veracruz, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ballados-González, G G; Sánchez-Montes, S; Romero-Salas, D; Colunga Salas, P; Gutiérrez-Molina, R; León-Paniagua, L; Becker, I; Méndez-Ojeda, M L; Barrientos-Salcedo, C; Serna-Lagunes, R; Cruz-Romero, A

    2018-06-01

    The genus Leptospira encompass 22 species of spirochaetes, with ten pathogenic species that have been recorded in more than 160 mammals worldwide. In the last two decades, the numbers of records of these agents associated with bats have increased exponentially, particularly in America. Although order Chiroptera represents the second most diverse order of mammals in Mexico, and leptospirosis represents a human and veterinary problem in the country, few studies have been conducted to identify potential wildlife reservoirs. The aim of this study was to detect the presence and diversity of Leptospira sp. in communities of bats in an endemic state of leptospirosis in Mexico. During January to September 2016, 81 bats of ten species from three localities of Veracruz, Mexico, were collected with mist nets. Kidney samples were obtained from all specimens. For the detection of Leptospira sp., we amplified several genes using specific primers. Amplicons of the expected size were submitted to sequencing, and sequences recovered were compared with those of reference deposited in GenBank using the BLAST tool. To identify their phylogenetic position, we realized a reconstruction using maximum-likelihood (ML) method. Twenty-five samples from three bat species (Artibeus lituratus, Choeroniscus godmani and Desmodus rotundus) showed the presence of Leptospira DNA. Sequences recovered were close to Leptospira noguchii, Leptospira weilii and Leptospira interrogans. Our results include the first record of Leptospira in bats from Mexico and exhibit a high diversity of these pathogens circulating in the state. Due to the finding of a large number of positive wild animals, it is necessary to implement a surveillance system in populations of the positive bats as well as in related species, in order to understand their role as carriers of this bacterial genus. © 2018 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  17. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera in native and reforested areas in Rancho Alegre, Paraná, Brazil

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    Patrícia Helena Gallo

    2010-12-01

    prevent drastic changes in the microclimate of neighboring areas within the forest fragment, and could allow the occupation of available niches in the area, by opportunistic and generalist species. Rev. Biol. Trop. 58 (4: 1311-1322. Epub 2010 December 01.Por lo general, los entornos naturales se han transformado en pequeños remanentes de bosque, con la consecuente pérdida de hábitat y la extinción de especies. El Norte del Estado de Paraná no es una excepción, ya que sólo 2 a 4% del ecosistema original se presenta en pequeños fragmentos de bosque estacional semideciduo. En este estudio observamos la riqueza de especies y abundancia de murciélagos en dos fragmentos de bosque de Fazenda Congonhas, en Rancho Alegre, de Paraná, Brasil. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos en cada área, una nativa legalmente protegida (107.8ha y una reforestada (11.8ha entre abril 2007 y marzo 2008. Al caer la noche en cada sitio se colocaron ocho redes de niebla por seis horas durante dos noches consecutivas. Se capturaron 397 individuos, 14 especies y 10 géneros en la zona nativa y 105 individuos, seis especies y cuatro géneros en la reforestada. Artibeus lituratus fue la especie más común en ambos fragmentos (n=328, 65.3%, seguido por Artibeus fimbriatus (n=44, 8.8% y Artibeus jamaicensis (n=30, 6.0%. Otras especies incluyendo Platyrrhinus lineatus, Carollia perspicillata, Sturnira lilium, Chrotopterus auritus, Desmodus rotundus, Michronycteris megalotis, Phyllostomus hastatus, Phyllostomus discolor, Myoti levis, Myotis nigricans and Lasiurus blossevillii, constituyeron el 19.9% de las capturas. El área nativa presentó mayores valores de riqueza de especies (S=14 y diversidad (H’=1.4802 en comparación con la reforestada (S=6, H’=0.57015. El t-test evidenció una diferencia significativa en la diversidad de los sitios (t=7.1075. El índice Chao 1 indicó que el esfuerzo de muestreo registró el 78% de la riqueza total de especies en la zona nativa y 75% en la reforestada. Por

  18. LA RIQUEZA DE LAS PLANTAS CON FLORES DE COLOMBIA

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    J. ORLANDO RANGEL-CH.

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Con base en los inventarios florísticos a nivel regional que se adelantan desde 1991 se documentaron los patrones de riqueza (distribución, concentración a nivel de familia de las plantas con flores en Colombia y en sus regiones naturales extra-andinas. En Colombia están representadas 238 de las 414 familias de plantas con flores reconocidas a nivel global, lo cual significa el 57.7% de esta riqueza. De las regiones naturales incluidas en este estudio, la Amazonia es la más rica en número de especies y la de mayor superficie y en el Caribe se alcanzó el mayor número de familias (201. El índice de riqueza a nivel de familia fue mayor en el Caribe (15.6 x 10-4 y el de especies fue mayor en el Chocó (3.4x10-2 y menor en la Orinoquia (1.7x 10-2.. En la Orinoquia están ausentes 65 familias, en la Amazonia 49, en el Chocó 59 y en el Caribe 35 respectivamente. En cuanto a distintividad taxonómica a nivel de familias, en el Caribe se encuentran 19 familias con distribución restringida, en Amazonia cinco, en el Chocó y en la Orinoquia una en cada caso. No se comprobó una relación directa entre superficie del área de la región natural y las expresiones de la riqueza y de la distintividad taxonómica. Se confirma el patrón alto de riqueza en un número reducido de familias, en las 50 familias más ricas en todas las regiones naturales se concentran los valores de riqueza específica por encima del 82%. Entre las familias con mayor concentración de especies en Colombia, en comparación con la situación a nivel del mundo cabe destacar a Metteniusaceae, grupo que presenta siete de las nueve especies registradas en el mundo e igualmente a Brunelliaceae, Siparunaceae, Cyclanthaceae, Heliconiaceae, Myristicaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Gunneraceae, Humiriaceae, Rapateaceae y Tropaeolaceae. Una comparación de los patrones de riqueza a nivel de familia en los países megadiversos de Suramérica, muestra que en Brasil 41 familias tienen mayor n

  19. Riqueza y desigualdad

    OpenAIRE

    Llano, Alejandro

    2015-01-01

    Asistimos hoy día de nuevo a un discurso político y económico que subraya el aumento de la desigualdad económica y denuncia la concentración de la riqueza. Para atajarla, en su célebre El capital en el siglo XXI el economista Thomas Piketty propone un impuesto global sobre el capital. Alejandro Llano analiza las aportaciones principales de este polémico ensayo y hace referencia al trasfondo social y ético del problema de la desigualdad.

  20. Riqueza e desigualdades

    OpenAIRE

    Cattani,Antonio David

    2009-01-01

    Neste artigo, são analisadas as principais características e significados de um segmento específico dos detentores de altas fortunas provenientes da extração da riqueza na economia globalizada. Milionários e bilionários são designados pelos gestores financeiros como High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs). Eles não constituem uma classe social com identidade, coesão e mobilização coletiva a partir de interesses homogêneos e articulados. Mas, como componentes dos setores dominantes internacionaliza...

  1. Praomys degraaffi, a new species of Muridae (Mammalia) from ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Praomys degraaffi, a new species of Muridae (Mammalia) from central Africa. Erik van der ... It occurs at high elevations in montane forests of the Albertine Rift. The new ... following museums and private cotlections: American Mu- seum of Natural ...... edge of the park and in rather dry dense bush and sometimes up to I meter ...

  2. Estructura y riqueza de plantas arborescentes en Un Bosque de Niebla de la Cordillera Central (Tolima, Colombia

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    Juan Manuel Campo Kurmen

    2006-01-01

    de maderas sobre la riqueza, la estructura y la composición, son la disminución de la densidad y la riqueza de lianas, mayor riqueza de Sabiaceae y Euphorbiaceae y mayor densidad de especies secundarias como Hedyosmum goudotianum Slms-Laubach var. goudatianum, Miconia resima Naud. y Palicourea calophlebia Standl.

  3. Bat records from Malawi (Mammalia, Chiroptera)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bergmans, Wim; Jachmann, Hugo

    1983-01-01

    Five species of bats are recorded from Kasungu National Park, Malawi: Eidolon helvum (Kerr, 1792); Epomophorus anurus Heuglin, 1864; Epomophorus minor Dobson, 1880; Epomops dobsonii (Bocage, 1889); and Scotoecus hindei Thomas, 1901. Some other Malawian records of these species, based on literature

  4. [Nematodes (Nematoda) from bats (Chiroptera) of the Samarskaya Luka Peninsula (Russia)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirillova, N Iu; Kirillov, A A; Vekhnik, V P

    2008-01-01

    Fauna of parasitic nematodes from Chiroptera of the Samarskaya Luka has been studied. Seven nematode species has been recorded. Numbers of host specimens, indices of extensiveness and intensiveness of the invasion, parasite abundance, and brief characteristics of the nematode species are given. Some nematode species were for the first time recorded in bats of Russia.

  5. La pobreza y la riqueza de las naciones

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    Sáenz Rovner Eduardo

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available David S. Landes, The Wealth and Poverty of Nations. Why Sorne Are So Rich and Sorne so Poor,WW Norton & Company, Nueva York, 1998. Publicado en español como La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones, Javier Vergara Editor, Buenos Aires, 1999.

  6. New polymorphic microsatellite markers in the greater false vampire bat Megaderma lyra (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Tereba, A.; Čížková, Dagmar; Sundari, A. A.; Rajan, K. E.; Bogdanowicz, W.

    2011-01-01

    Roč. 3, č. 4 (2011), s. 749-751 ISSN 1877-7252 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : Chiroptera * Megaderma lyra * Microsatellites * Polymorphism Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 0.485, year: 2011

  7. Late Cenozoic History of the Genus Micromys (Mammalia, Rodentia) in Central Europe

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Horáček, I.; Knitlová, M.; Wagner, Jan; Kordos, L.; Nadachowski, A.

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 8, č. 5 (2013), e62498 E-ISSN 1932-6203 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA205/09/0184 Institutional support: RVO:67985831 Keywords : Mammalia * Rodentia * Genus Micromys * Late Cenozoic Subject RIV: DB - Geology ; Mineralogy Impact factor: 3.534, year: 2013

  8. De la riqueza biológica a la riqueza económica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gustavo Correa Assmus

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Frente al deterioro ambiental por efectos de la producción y el consumo, la economía debe ofrecer respuestas fundamentadas en procesos de investigación, educación, responsabilidad y regulación, que permitan articular el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales renovables, administrados y no administrados, con el fin de establecer un crecimiento económico-ambiental sostenible y racionalizado que cualifique la calidad de vida. Para esta propuesta se tomó información secundaria de origen empírico, la cual permitió elaborar una teorización analítica, que expresa de manera clara sus reflexiones y conjeturas, ofreciendo un camino por seguir en el proceso de transición de la riqueza biológica a la económica.

  9. Quirópteros de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil (Mammalia, Chiroptera Chiropterus of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil (Mammalia, Chiroptera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Nélio Roberto dos Reis

    1993-01-01

    Full Text Available Due to the lack of information concerning mammals in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. a preliminary survey of bat species of the region of Londrina is presented. Three hundred and thirty four individuais of 18 species belonging to Phyllostomidae, Desmodontidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae families were collected. Data were gathered related to threir feeding habits, reproduction and time of achvity.

  10. Bird and chiroptera inventories in Quebec : efficiency of a tried and tested method; Les inventaires d'oiseaux et de chiropteres au Quebec : l'efficacite d'une methode eprouvee

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Castonguay, M. [Pesca Environnement, Maria, PQ (Canada)

    2007-07-01

    Environmental monitoring at wind turbine arrays is needed before, during and after project development. Pesca Environmental evaluates the impact of proposed wind turbine arrays on birds and chiroptera by examining their migration patterns through visual and auditory observations during the springtime reproductive and nesting season as well as in the autumn. In order to complete a feasibility study, spring migration patterns of birds and chiroptera must be documented and characterized. In addition to building an inventory of birds and chiroptera, Pesca examines bird behaviour and flight patterns and nesting locations. figs.

  11. Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Farkašová, Helena; Hron, Tomáš; Pačes, Jan; Hulva, P.; Benda, P.; Gifford, R.J.; Elleder, Daniel

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 114, č. 12 (2017), s. 3145-3150 ISSN 0027-8424 R&D Projects: GA MŠk(CZ) LK11215; GA MŠk(CZ) LM2015047 Institutional support: RVO:68378050 Keywords : Deltaretroviruses * Endogenous retroviruses * Chiroptera Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology OBOR OECD: Virology Impact factor: 9.661, year: 2016

  12. Mammal (Mammalia Fauna of Kapıdağ Peninsula

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erdem HIZAL

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available The number of studies on mammals of Kapıdag Peninsula is insufficent. The present study is based on mammal species collected and observed in Kapıdag Peninsula. Kapıdag Peninsula was visited as a total of 226 days between 2001-2007. Field collections yielded 32 mammal species from 6 orders: Insectivora (5, Chiroptera (9,Lagomorpha (1, Rodentia (7, Carnivora (7, Artiodactyla (3. Of the species recorded in this study are rare for Kapıdag Peninsula: Lynx lynx and Felis silvestris.

  13. Convergência na variação local e regional da riqueza de espécies de insetos galhadores

    OpenAIRE

    Carneiro, Marco A.A.; Fernandes, G.W.; De Souza, O.F.F.

    2005-01-01

    Foram investigados os determinantes locais e regionais da riqueza de insetos indutores de galhas sobre o arbusto dióico Baccharis concinna Barroso (Asteraceae) na porção sudeste da Cadeia do Espinhaço, MG. O número total de espécies de insetos indutores de galhas e a riqueza de Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) foram influenciados pelo sexo da planta. Plantas masculinas apresentaram maior riqueza de insetos indutores de galhas do que plantas femininas, corroborando a hipótese da herbivoria mediad...

  14. Estudio temporal de la distribución de la riqueza mediante curvas de Lorenz.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martín Caraballo, Ana M.

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se pretende utilizar conceptos básicos relacionados con el Análisis Matemático (interpolación e integración de funciones en dos variables para realizar un estudio de la distribución de la riqueza en un periodo de tiempo en diferentes naciones. Aprovechando datos macroeconómicos como el PIB y las curvas de Lorenz de cada país en distintos instantes de tiempo, se construye un indicador que permite agrupar las naciones según la evolución temporal de la distribución de su riqueza. La sencillez de cálculo del indicador utilizando programas de computación simbólica, así como la fácil interpretación económica del mismo, parecen sugerir que su uso podría ser útil para analizar el problema de la distribución de la riqueza a lo largo del tiempo en regiones que hayan sido objeto de actuaciones similares. Según esto, el objetivo de este trabajo es ver la evolución de las desigualdades (según la distribución de la riqueza de varias regiones, o bien de una única población, a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo; para ello, se construirá un indicador que utilizará entre otros datos las curvas de Lorenz de las regiones del estudio en distintos instantes de tiempo.

  15. ESTRUCTURA, RIQUEZA Y COMPOSICIÓN DE PLANTAS ARBORESENTES EN UN BOSQUE DE NIEBLA ENTRESACADO DEL TOLIMA (COLOMBIA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Manuel Campo Kurmen

    2010-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN Se presenta el estudio de la estructura, la riqueza y la composición florística del componente arborescente de un bosque entresacado, en la vereda Dantas, municipio de Ibagué, Tolima, Colombia, con base en el muestreo de los individuos con DAP ≥ 2,5 cm en 0,1 ha. El bosque se caracteriza por la escasez de lianas y de hemiepífitas, ausencia de familias típicas de bosques de niebla colombianos entre los 2000 y 2500 msnm (Ericaceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae y Aquifoliaceae y por un incremento en la riqueza de familias como Sabiaceae y Euphorbiaceae. Comparado con otros bosques de niebla de los Andes colombianos y del neotrópico, éste presenta una de las más bajas densidades de tallos (237 individuos con  DAP ≥ 2,5 cm por 0,1 ha y una proporción de árboles grandes muy alta (39,7% individuos con DAP ≥ 10 cm por 0,1 ha. Aparentemente, los efectos de la extracción selectiva de maderas sobre la riqueza, la estructura y la composición, fueron la disminución de la riqueza florística, del número de tallos del bosque, y de la densidad y la riqueza de lianas, así como un aumento en la densidad de especies secundarias como Hedyosmum goudotianum Slms-Laubach var. goudatianum, Miconia resima Naud. y Palicourea calophlebia Standl.

  16. A new short-rostrum odontocete (Mammalia: Cetacea) from the middle Miocene of the Eastern Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Bianucci, G.; Landini, W.

    2002-01-01

    An incomplete odontocete (Mammalia, Cetacea) skull from Middle Miocene Miste Bed (near Winterswijk in the eastern part of The Netherlands) is described as Vanbreenia trigonia, a new genus and species. The skull exhibits a short rostrum with only two maxillary teeth for each toothrow and with narrow

  17. Predação oportunista de Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823 e Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae por marsupiais e anuro na APA do Rio Curiaú, Amapá, Brasil Opportunistic predation of Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823 and Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae by marsupials and anuran in the APA do Rio Curiaú, Amapá State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isai Jorge de Castro

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Durante estudos com morcegos em floresta de várzea na APA do Rio Curiaú, Amapá, Brasil, observamos três casos de predações oportunistas de morcegos frugívoros capturados em redes de neblina. Duas destas predações ocorreram por marsupiais e uma por anuro. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae foi predado por Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 e Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae foi predado por Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti, 1768 (Anura, Leptodactylidae. A vocalização dos morcegos provavelmente atraiu os marsupiais para a rede, onde estes os predaram aproveitando que estavam presos. Este tipo de interação pode ocorrer naturalmente, no entanto, com maior dificuldade de registro.We observed three occasional predations of bats captured in mist nets by marsupials and a frog during studies in a várzea forest in the Amapá state. Artibeus planirostris (Spix, 1823 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae was preyed upon by Didelphis marsupialis Linnaeus, 1758 and Philander opossum (Linnaeus, 1758 (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae was preyed on by Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti, 1768 (Anura, Leptodactylidae. The bats vocalizations probably attracted the marsupials and a frog to the mist nets where they preyed. This interaction form can occur naturally, however, are more difficult to observed.

  18. A New Species of Horseshoe Bat of the Genus Rhinolophus from China (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae)

    OpenAIRE

    Wu, Yi; Motokawa, Masaharu; Harada, Masashi

    2008-01-01

    A new species of the Rhinolophus philippinensis group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) is described from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi Provinces in China. Rhinolophus huananus n. sp. is characterized by the horseshoe, as well as by external and cranial characteristics that separate it at the species level from the other members of the philippinensis group. One of the small species of the philippinensis group, R. huananus is intermediate in size between smaller R. siamensis and larger R. macrotis.

  19. A new species of horseshoe bat of the genus Rhinolophus from China (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Yi; Motokawa, Masaharu; Harada, Masashi

    2008-04-01

    A new species of the Rhinolophus philippinensis group (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) is described from Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi Provinces in China. Rhinolophus huananus n. sp. is characterized by the horseshoe, as well as by external and cranial characteristics that separate it at the species level from the other members of the philippinensis group. One of the small species of the philippinensis group, R. huananus is intermediate in size between smaller R. siamensis and larger R. macrotis.

  20. Murciélagos (Chiroptera: Mammalia del Parque Nacional Yurubí, Venezuela: listado taxonómico y estudio comunitario

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mariana Delgado-Jaramillo

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Los murciélagos constituyen el grupo de mamíferos más diversificado en la región neotropical y representan un componente clave en la dinámica de muchos ecosistemas terrestres. En este trabajo se describen los resultados de un estudio sobre la quiropterofauna del Parque Nacional Yurubí (ubicado en la zona montañosa del norte de Venezuela, se incluye un listado taxonómico y la caracterización de algunos atributos comunitarios en ambientes predominantemente boscosos. Los datos evaluados fueron obtenidos mediante la revisión de colecciones zoológicas y muestreos diversificados realizados entre febrero y julio del 2009, en un gradiente altitudinal (100-1 500m, que integra a tres unidades ecológicas: bosque semideciduo, bosque siempreverde y selva nublada. Se registraron 64 especies agrupadas en cinco familias, lo que constituye el 63% de los murciélagos conocidos en la Cordillera de la Costa. La familia Phyllostomidae fue dominante (42 especies; 66% del total, seguida por Vespertilionidae, Molossidae, Emballonuridae y Mormoopidae. La comunidad presente a baja elevación fue la más diversificada en términos taxonómicos, mientras que la del piso superior evidenció el menor grado de diversificación. Se identificaron 11 categorías tróficas, con dominancia de los insectívoros en cuanto a la riqueza taxonómica y de los frugívoros en lo que respecta a la abundancia. Nuestros resultados permiten inferir, en un contexto general, que los ecosistemas boscosos del área de estudio muestran un buen estado de conservación, en virtud de la presencia de una proporción relativamente alta de especies pertenecientes a la subfamilia Phyllostominae, cuyos componentes han sido considerados por otros autores como indicadores del grado de conservación de hábitats boscosos primarios, así como la presencia de otras especies con prioridades de conservación. Todos estos aspectos, le confieren a esta área protegida un alto valor proteccionista, en

  1. Relación entre la heterogeneidad del paisaje y la riqueza de especies de flora en cuencas costeras del estado de Veracruz, México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángel Priego Santander

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available La heterogeneidad del paisaje varía en el espacio dependiendo de la proporción entre polígonos y unidades tipológicas. La alta variabilidad del espacio geográfico le confiere una elevada connotación ecológica, lo cual sugiere una estrecha relación con la distribución de la biodiversidad. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer si se puede predecir la riqueza de especies a través de indicadores de variabilidad espacial. Para esclarecer esto, se exploró la relación entre heterogeneidad del paisaje y la riqueza de flora, en tres cuencas costeras del estado de Veracruz. La riqueza, dominancia, abundancia y diversidad de los paisajes resultaron variables explicativas de la riqueza de especies. Los modelos obtenidos explican más de 75% de la relación. Estos resultados indican que la riqueza de especies de flora puede ser pronosticada por valores de heterogeneidad del paisaje. Se sugiere explorar la probable existencia de zonas de elevada biodiversidad en áreas de difícil acceso o poco conocidas, con el uso de sensores remotos.

  2. Riqueza por vivienda de los hogares y sus efectos amplificadores en el consumo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel Morales Mosquera

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este documento analiza los efectos que generan los cambios en la riquezade los hogares en el consumo agregado de la economía. Dado que el principalactivo en la riqueza de los hogares es la vivienda, es importante analizar sucomportamiento y entender los canales por los cuales el cambio en la valoración de este activo, puede generar cambios en la riqueza, y por ende, variaciones en el consumo agregado. Para ello se desarrolla un modelo en el que la vivienda hace de colateral y los hogares pueden realizar inversión en este sector. En el modelo se incluyen restricciones al crédito y costos de ajuste a la inversión, en orden de analizar sus implicaciones en el consumo. Al final, se obtiene que los hogares que enfrentan bajos costos de ajuste en la inversión y que, adicionalmente utilizan a la vivienda como colateral, enfrentan mayores fluctuaciones en el consumo dado el efecto del acelerador financiero.

  3. Dental and Mandibular Morphologies of Arboroharamiya (Haramiyida, Mammalia: A Comparison with Other Haramiyidans and Megaconus and Implications for Mammalian Evolution.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jin Meng

    Full Text Available Two recent studies published in the same issue of Nature reached conflicting conclusions regarding the phylogeny of early mammals: One places the clade containing haramiyidans and multituberculates within the Mammalia and the other separates haramiyidans from multituberculates and places the former outside of the Mammalia. These two contrasting results require that the minimally oldest divergence time of the Mammalia was within the Late Triassic or the Middle Jurassic, respectively. Morphological descriptions of the species named in the two papers were brief, and no comparisons between the newly named species were possible.Here we present a detailed description of the dentary bone, teeth, occlusal and wear patterns of the haramiyidan Arboroharamiya and compare it with other haramiyidans and Megaconus. Using this new information, we suggest that tooth identifications and orientations of several previously described haramiyidan species are incorrect, and that previous interpretations of haramiyidan occlusal pattern are problematic. We propose that the published upper tooth orientation of Megaconus was problematic and question the number of upper molars, the length of dentition and mandible, and presence of the mandibular middle ear in Megaconus.The additional morphological descriptions and comparisons presented here further support the view that Arboroharamiya, as a derived haramiyidan, shows similarity to multituberculates in tooth and mandible morphologies. Our comparison also suggests that Megaconus lacks many diagnostic features for the family Eleutherodontidae and that its close affinity with multituberculates cannot be ruled out. The detailed morphological data demonstrate that haramiyidans are more similar to multituberculates than to any other mammaliaforms.

  4. Phenomenon in the Evolution of Voles (Mammalia, Rodentia, Arvicolidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rekovets L. I.

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents analytical results of the study of adaptatiogenesis within the family Arvicolidae (Mammalia, Rodentia based of morphological changes of the most functional characters of their masticatory apparatus — dental system — through time. The main directions of the morphological differentiation in parallel evolution of the arvicolid tooth type within the Cricetidae and Arvicolidae during late Miocene and Pliocene were identified and substantiated. It is shown that such unique morphological structure as the arvicolid tooth type has provided a relatively high rate of evolution of voles and a wide range of their adaptive radiation, as well as has determined their taxonomic and ecological diversity. The optimality of the current state of this group and evaluation of evolutionary prospects of Arvicolidae were presented and substantiated here as a phenomenon in their evolution.

  5. Complete mitochondrial genome sequences of three bats species and whole genome mitochondrial analyses reveal patterns of codon bias and lend support to a basal split in Chiroptera.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meganathan, P R; Pagan, Heidi J T; McCulloch, Eve S; Stevens, Richard D; Ray, David A

    2012-01-15

    Order Chiroptera is a unique group of mammals whose members have attained self-powered flight as their main mode of locomotion. Much speculation persists regarding bat evolution; however, lack of sufficient molecular data hampers evolutionary and conservation studies. Of ~1200 species, complete mitochondrial genome sequences are available for only eleven. Additional sequences should be generated if we are to resolve many questions concerning these fascinating mammals. Herein, we describe the complete mitochondrial genomes of three bats: Corynorhinus rafinesquii, Lasiurus borealis and Artibeus lituratus. We also compare the currently available mitochondrial genomes and analyze codon usage in Chiroptera. C. rafinesquii, L. borealis and A. lituratus mitochondrial genomes are 16438 bp, 17048 bp and 16709 bp, respectively. Genome organization and gene arrangements are similar to other bats. Phylogenetic analyses using complete mitochondrial genome sequences support previously established phylogenetic relationships and suggest utility in future studies focusing on the evolutionary aspects of these species. Comprehensive analyses of available bat mitochondrial genomes reveal distinct nucleotide patterns and synonymous codon preferences corresponding to different chiropteran families. These patterns suggest that mutational and selection forces are acting to different extents within Chiroptera and shape their mitochondrial genomes. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  6. Ticks infesting bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the Brazilian Pantanal.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Eriksson, Alan; Santos, Carolina Ferreira; Fischer, Erich; de Almeida, Juliana Cardoso; Luz, Hermes R; Labruna, Marcelo B

    2016-05-01

    Ticks associated with bats have been poorly documented in the Neotropical Zoogeographical Region. In this study, a total of 1028 bats were sampled for tick infestations in the southern portion of the Brazilian Pantanal. A total of 368 ticks, morphologically identified as Ornithodoros hasei (n = 364) and O. mimon (n = 4), were collected from the following bat species: Artibeus planirostris, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Phyllostomus hastatus, Mimon crenulatum and Noctilio albiventris. Morphological identification of O. hasei was confirmed by molecular analysis. Regarding the most abundant bat species, only 40 (6.2%) out of 650 A. planirostris were infested by O. hasei, with a mean intensity of 7.2 ticks per infested bat, or a mean abundance of 0.44 ticks per sampled bat. Noteworthy, one single P. hastatus was infested by 55 O. hasei larvae, in contrast to the 2.5-7.2 range of mean intensity values for the whole study. As a complement to the present study, a total of 8 museum bat specimens (6 Noctilio albiventris and 2 N. leporinus), collected in the northern region of Pantanal, were examined for tick infestations. These bats contained 176 ticks, which were all morphologically identified as O. hasei larvae. Mean intensity of infestation was 22, with a range of 1-46 ticks per infested bat. Our results suggest that A. planirostris might play an important role in the natural life cycle of O. hasei in the Pantanal.

  7. Riqueza: totem e tabu Welth: totem and taboo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio David Cattani

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available As desigualdades socioeconômicas são analisadas considerando-se, habitualmente, apenas o "pólo pobreza" sendo raros os estudos sociológicos sobre as classes abastadas. As dificuldades para as Ciências Sociais se devem a aspectos materiais (falta de acesso aos dados essenciais mas, também, a equivocados problemas deontológicos. A Apresentação resume as contribuições específicas de cada artigo que compõem o dossiê "Riqueza e Desigualdades" destacando que, apesar da diversidade das contribuições e dos referenciais teóricos empregados, eles possuem uma unidade: pôr em evidência dimensões do "pólo riqueza" ocultadas pela ideologia e pelos efeitos de poder. Um dos desafios para a Sociologia é de desmistificar e desmitificar totens e tabus criados em torno da existência material e social das classes ricas que não são auto-referentes e nem auto-suficientes mas que estabelecem relações específicas de exploração e de dominação sobre a estrutura social.Socioeconomic inequalities are usually only analysed in terms of the "pole of poverty", with sociological studies of affluent classes being rare. The difficulties for the Social Sciences are due to material aspects (lack of access to essential data, but also to mistaken deontological problems. The introduction summarizes the specific contributions of each article included in the "Wealth and Inequalities" file emphasizing that, despite the diversity of contributions and theoretical references employed, they all have one common feature of demonstrating the scale of the "pole of wealth" hidden by ideology and the effects of power. One of the challenges faced by Sociology is that of demystifying and demythologising totems and taboos created around the material and social existence of the wealthy classes which are neither self-referential nor self-sufficient, but which establish specific relations of exploitation and domination over the social structure.

  8. Riqueza de galhas entomógenas em áreas antropizadas e preservadas de caatinga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sheila Patricia Carvalho-Fernandes

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Insetos indutores de galhas, também denominados cecidógenos, são considerados mais especializados por possuírem interação direta com tecidos internos da planta, modificando-os em seu benefício e tornando-se mais dependentes da espécie hospedeira. Este estudo investigou a fauna de insetos galhadores em espécies hospedeiras da Caatinga, em ambientes com diferentes intensidades de ação antrópica. As áreas foram selecionadas de acordo com uma escala de sucessão ecológica (preservadas, intermediárias e antropizadas, sendo três réplicas de cada, totalizando nove áreas. Em cada área foram amostradas oito parcelas de 10 m² cada, distanciadas 10 m entre si. Foram encontrados 25 morfotipos de galhas distribuídos em 18 espécies hospedeiras pertencentes a oito famílias vegetais. Fabaceae foi a família com maior riqueza de galhas, com seis morfotipos, sendo Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul. a espécie com maior número de galhas, com quatro morfotipos. Em relação aos órgãos atacados, 68% das galhas ocorreram em folhas, 28% em ramos e 4% em botões florais. A maioria das galhas encontradas ocorreu isoladamente (84%, glabra (56% e de formas esféricas (32%, amorfas (28%, discoides (12% e globoides (12%. No estrato arbóreo foi encontrada a maior riqueza de galhas, com 16 morfotipos, seguido do estrato arbustivo e herbáceo, respectivamente com sete e dois morfotipos. A riqueza de galhas sofreu influência do grau de conservação das áreas, e houve diferenças entre os ambientes preservados e antropizados.

  9. Differences in activities of antioxidant superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and prooxidant xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase in the normal corneal epithelium of various mammalia

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Andonova, Janetta; Pláteník, J.; Vejražka, M.; Štípek, S.; Ardan, Taras; Čejka, Čestmír; Midelfart, A.; Čejková, Jitka

    2007-01-01

    Roč. 56, č. 1 (2007), s. 105-112 ISSN 0862-8408 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA304/06/1379 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50390512 Keywords : Mammalia * Cornea * Epithelium Subject RIV: FF - HEENT, Dentistry Impact factor: 1.505, year: 2007

  10. Patterns of genome size diversity in bats (order Chiroptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Jillian D L; Bickham, John W; Gregory, T Ryan

    2013-08-01

    Despite being a group of particular interest in considering relationships between genome size and metabolic parameters, bats have not been well studied from this perspective. This study presents new estimates for 121 "microbat" species from 12 families and complements a previous study on members of the family Pteropodidae ("megabats"). The results confirm that diversity in genome size in bats is very limited even compared with other mammals, varying approximately 2-fold from 1.63 pg in Lophostoma carrikeri to 3.17 pg in Rhinopoma hardwickii and averaging only 2.35 pg ± 0.02 SE (versus 3.5 pg overall for mammals). However, contrary to some other vertebrate groups, and perhaps owing to the narrow range observed, genome size correlations were not apparent with any chromosomal, physiological, flight-related, developmental, or ecological characteristics within the order Chiroptera. Genome size is positively correlated with measures of body size in bats, though the strength of the relationships differs between pteropodids ("megabats") and nonpteropodids ("microbats").

  11. Gradiente latitudinal de riqueza de espécies de formigas em cerrado: regra de Rapoport e efeitos da produtividade e heterogeneidade

    OpenAIRE

    Ribas, Carla Rodrigues

    2006-01-01

    O gradiente latitudinal de riqueza de espécies (GLRE) é um padrão bem documentado para diversos grupos de organismos. Apesar de várias hipóteses terem sido levantadas para explicar o gradiente algumas são tidas como mais promissoras, tais como as relacionadas à energia, a heterogeneidade ambiental, ao tempo evolutivo e ao efeito do domínio mediano. O objetivo dessa tese é testar a existência do gradiente latitudinal de riqueza de espécies de formigas arborícolas em cerrado, assim como testar ...

  12. Frugivoria em morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera no Parque Estadual Intervales, sudeste do Brasil Frugivory in bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera at the Intervales State Park, Southeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando C. Passos

    2003-09-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out at the Intervales State Park, an Atlantic Rain Forest area in Southeastern Brazil. Bats were monthly mist netted over a full year, and fecal samples were collected for dietary analysis. The seeds found in each sample were identified in the laboratory under a stereoscopic microscope by comparison with seeds taken from ripe fruits collected in the study area. Three hundred and seventy one bats were collected, of which 316 (85.2% were frugivorous. The total number of fecal samples with seeds and/or pulp was 121. Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810 was the most abundant species in the study area (n = 157 captures and Solanaceae fruits accounted for 78.5% of the fecal samples with seeds (n = 56. Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838 (n = 21 samples fed mostly on Cecropiaceae (38% and Moraceae fruits (24%, and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818 (n = 7 samples on Cecropiaceae (57% and Moraceae (29%. Carollia perspicillata (Linnaeus, 1758 (n = 16 samples fed mostly on Piperaceae fruits (56,3%, but Solanaceae (31,3% and Rosaceae seeds (12,5% were also found in feces. Overall, seeds found in bat feces belong to eight plant families: Solanaceae (n = 67 samples; Cecropiaceae (n = 14; Piperaceae (n = 14; Moraceae (n = 8; Rosaceae (n = 3; Cucurbitaceae (n = 3; Cluseaceae (n = 1, and Araceae (n = 1. The close association of different bat species with fruits of certain plant families and genus may be related to a possible mechanism of resource partitioning that shapes the structure of the community.

  13. RIQUEZA Y ABUNDANCIA DE HESPEREOIDEA Y PAPILIONOIDEA (LEPIDOPTERA EN LA RESERVA NATURAL LAS DELICIAS, SANTA MARTA, MAGDALENA, COLOMBIA.

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    Neis José Martínez Hernández

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Las formaciones de bosque seco tropical secundario que se encuentran en las estribaciones de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, albergan una fauna representativa de lepidópteros. Este grupo es usado ampliamente como bioindicador del estado de conservación de bosques, por su sensibilidad a la intervención y especificidad en el uso de recursos. En el presente estudio se evaluó la variación de la riqueza y abundancia de las mariposas Papilionoidea y Hespereoidea en la reserva natural Las Delicias. Se seleccionaron dos sitios de muestreo con diferentes grados de intervención, ubicados a 200 msnm y entre los 400 y 550 msnm. Se realizaron cuatro faenas de registro y capturas, de abril a julio de 2008; se utilizaron dos redes entomológicas, con un esfuerzo muestral de 16 horas por faenas y 10 trampas Van Someren- Rydon cebadas con macerado de frutas y calamar. Se capturaron 432 adultos que corresponden a géneros y 66 especies. La familia Nymphalidae presentó mayor riqueza (42 y abundancia (250, destacándose la especie sombrófila Mechanitis lysimnia Fabricius (año con 41 ejemplares, la cual es común en bosques con amplia cobertura vegetal .El sitio 2, presentó mayor riqueza (48 y abundancia (236; que coincide con el espacio donde se presenta la cobertura arbórea más amplia y mayor variación en la estratificación vertical. Además, en este lugar la presencia del recurso hídrico fue permanente durante los muestreos. Con el aumento de las lluvias en junio y julio, se observó una mayor floración y fructificación de la vegetación en la zona; aumentando la disponibilidad de recursos y por consiguiente, una mayor riqueza y abundancia de Papilionoidea y Hespereoidea en el área de estudio.

  14. Karyotypic evolution and phylogenetic relationships in the order Chiroptera as revealed by G-banding comparison and chromosome painting.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ao, Lei; Mao, Xiuguang; Nie, Wenhui; Gu, Xiaoming; Feng, Qing; Wang, Jinhuan; Su, Weiting; Wang, Yingxiang; Volleth, Marianne; Yang, Fengtang

    2007-01-01

    Bats are a unique but enigmatic group of mammals and have a world-wide distribution. The phylogenetic relationships of extant bats are far from being resolved. Here, we investigated the karyotypic relationships of representative species from four families of the order Chiroptera by comparative chromosome painting and banding. A complete set of painting probes derived from flow-sorted chromosomes of Myotis myotis (family Vespertilionidae) were hybridized onto metaphases of Cynopterus sphinx (2n = 34, family Pteropodidae), Rhinolophus sinicus (2n=36, family Rhinolophidae) and Aselliscus stoliczkanus (2n=30, family Hipposideridae) and delimited 27, 30 and 25 conserved chromosomal segments in the three genomes, respectively. The results substantiate that Robertsonian translocation is the main mode of chromosome evolution in the order Chiroptera, with extensive conservation of whole chromosomal arms. The use of M. myotis (2n=44) probes has enabled the integration of C. sphinx, R. sinicus and A. stoliczkanus chromosomes into the previously established comparative maps between human and Eonycteris spelaea (2n=36), Rhinolophus mehelyi (2n=58), Hipposideros larvatus (2n=32), and M. myotis. Our results provide the first cytogenetic signature rearrangement that supports the grouping of Pteropodidae and Rhinolophoidea in a common clade (i.e. Pteropodiformes or Yinpterochiroptera) and thus improve our understanding on the karyotypic relationships and genome phylogeny of these bat species.

  15. EL ORO Y RIQUEZAS: Poder y Manipulación de La Sociedad y Del Cosmos en Dánae de Eurípides

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    Prof. Dr. Guillermo De Santis

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo pone en discusión la valoración social del dinero, el oro y la riqueza en la sociedad ateniense del siglo V aC. y su poder manipulador de valores tradicionales, a través del análisis de la obra Dánae de Eurípides. Partiendo de la sospecha de Acrisio, acerca de la seducción amorosa que el oro habría producido en su joven hija Dánae, el trabajo indaga la capacidad de la riqueza de legitimar ideas y posiciones socio-políticas frente a valores tradicionales como la virtud, la inteligencia y la oportunidad. Finalmente, el artículo analiza el tema en otras obras trágicas y líricas y propone que, a partir de mediados del siglo VI aC. el oro rivaliza en poder con Érws, tradicional fuerza seductora y manipuladora en el kósmos. Palabras clave: Riqueza; Manipulación; Poder; Seducción.

  16. Ticks parasitizing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in the Caatinga Biome, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Luz, Hermes Ribeiro; Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián; Almeida, Juliana Cardoso de; Faccini, João Luiz Horacio; Labruna, Marcelo Bahia

    2016-01-01

    In this paper, the authors report ticks parasitizing bats from the Serra das Almas Natural Reserve (RPPN) located in the municipality of Crateús, state of Ceará, in the semiarid Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. The study was carried out during nine nights in the dry season (July 2012) and 10 nights in the rainy season (February 2013). Only bats of the Phyllostomidae and Mormoopidae families were parasitized by ticks. The species Artibeus planirostris and Carolia perspicillata were the most parasitized. A total of 409 larvae were collected and classified into three genera: Antricola (n = 1), Nothoaspis (n = 1) and Ornithodoros (n = 407). Four species were morphologically identified as Nothoaspis amazoniensis, Ornithodoros cavernicolous, Ornithodoros fonsecai, Ornithodoros hasei, and Ornithodoros marinkellei. Ornithodoros hasei was the most common tick associated with bats in the current study. The present study expand the distributional ranges of at least three soft ticks into the Caatinga biome, and highlight an unexpected richness of argasid ticks inhabiting this arid ecosystem.

  17. Ticks parasitizing bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera in the Caatinga Biome, Brazil

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    Hermes Ribeiro Luz

    Full Text Available Abstract In this paper, the authors report ticks parasitizing bats from the Serra das Almas Natural Reserve (RPPN located in the municipality of Crateús, state of Ceará, in the semiarid Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. The study was carried out during nine nights in the dry season (July 2012 and 10 nights in the rainy season (February 2013. Only bats of the Phyllostomidae and Mormoopidae families were parasitized by ticks. The species Artibeus planirostris and Carolia perspicillata were the most parasitized. A total of 409 larvae were collected and classified into three genera: Antricola (n = 1, Nothoaspis (n = 1 and Ornithodoros (n = 407. Four species were morphologically identified as Nothoaspis amazoniensis, Ornithodoros cavernicolous, Ornithodoros fonsecai, Ornithodoros hasei, and Ornithodoros marinkellei. Ornithodoros hasei was the most common tick associated with bats in the current study. The present study expand the distributional ranges of at least three soft ticks into the Caatinga biome, and highlight an unexpected richness of argasid ticks inhabiting this arid ecosystem.

  18. Subifusión anómala de la riqueza: modelo matemático para explicar la relación comercial entre México y Estados Unidos

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    Fernando Avila Avila

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available En (Chukwu, 2005:207-212 se aplicó una ecuación diferencial homogénea para modelar la difusión de la riqueza en países cuyo territorio podía considerarse en forma aproximadamente rectángular, teniéndose una cantidad de riqueza dada en la frontera. En este artículo se hace un cálculo análogo, considerando ahora la ecuación correspondiente no homogénea de orden fraccionario de subdifusión (difusión anómala lenta de la riqueza con el propósito de modelar procesos de difusión anómala lenta, y agregando ciertas condiciones de frontera con el propósito de explicar las relaciones comerciales entre México y Estados Unidos.

  19. Secondary structure and feature of mitochondrial tRNA genes of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae

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    Kwang Bae Yoon

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available The complete mitogenome (NC_021119 of the Ussurian tube-nosed bat Murina ussuriensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae was annotated and characterized in our recent publication (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NC_021119. Here we provide additional information on methods in detail for obtaining the complete sequence of M. ussuriensis mitogenome. In addition, we describe characteristics of 22 tRNA genes and secondary structure and feature of 22 tRNAs of M. ussuriensis mitogenome.

  20. Record of Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845 in Piedmont (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae

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    Roberto Toffoli

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Riassunto Ritrovamento del Vespertilio di Brandt Myotis brandtii (Eversmann, 1845 in Piemonte (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae Viene riportata la cattura con mist-net di 5 maschi adulti di Vespertilio di Brandt Myotis brandtii, nell’agosto 2005, nei pressi dell’abitato di Devero (Baceno, VB, a 1827 metri d’altitudine, nel Parco Naturale Alpe Veglia e Alpe Devero. Tale dato rappresenta la prima segnalazione certa della specie in Piemonte. L’identificazione è stata effettuata sulla base delle caratteristiche dentarie e del pene. Sono fornite indicazioni sulle caratteristiche dei segnali di ecolocalizzazione ottenuti dopo il rilascio degli individui.

  1. Riqueza e composição de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Erebidae em cinco Unidades de Conservação do Cerrado

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    Carolina Moreno

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO Cerca de 50% da diversidade de mariposas Arctiinae do Brasil está no Cerrado. Contudo, a fauna desses insetos é extremamente subamostrada na região norte do bioma, onde localizam-se as áreas de vegetação mais preservadas. Diante disso, este trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a riqueza, abundância, composição e diversidade beta de Arctiinae em diferentes fitofisionomias de cinco Unidades de Conservação localizadas no nordeste do Cerrado. Foram amostradas 83 espécies, das quais quase 78% ocorreram em apenas uma Unidade de Conservação. As localidades com menor grau de preservação apresentaram maior riqueza de espécies, o que pode ser explicado como uma resposta a distúrbios intermediários na paisagem destes locais. As fitofisionomias florestais foram mais ricas em espécies, corroborando a hipótese da heterogeneidade ambiental. De maneira geral, a similaridade da fauna foi baixa tanto entre as Unidades de Conservação quanto entre as fitofisionomias. Inventários mais completos precisam ser feitos a fim de avaliarmos que fatores estão influenciando os padrões de riqueza e composição de Arctiinae nestas localidades de Cerrado e, assim, subsidiar futuras ações de conservação.

  2. Riqueza del complejo chisa (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae en cuatro agroecosistemas del Cauca, Colombia

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    Morón R. Miguel A.

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available La composición y variación de la riqueza del complejo de larvas Melolonthidae se examinó en cuatro circunstancias agroecológicas en los municipios de Caldono y Buenos Aires, Cauca (1400 a 1500 m.s.n.m, 21,5ºC. y 2000 mm/año de precipitación promedio. Quincenalmente, durante un año, se visitaron parcelas de media hectárea de yuca, pastizal, cafetal y bosque, en cada parcela y ocasión se realizaron 10 muestreos ( 1m2 por 15 cm de profundidad. Se colectaron 10.261 larvas pertenecientes a 32 especies y 12 géneros de Melolonthidae, así: Phyllophaga, Plectris, Astaena, Macrodactylus, Ceraspis, Barybas, Isonychus, Anomala Callistethus, Strigoderma, Leucothyreus, Cyclocephala. La riqueza de especies presentó variaciones estadísticamente significativas entre localidades (F=87.24 p =2.72-18, muestreos (F=22.29 p =5.18-13, parcelas (F= 23.39 p=1.40-13 así como entre la mayoría de interacciones. Los promedios de riqueza fueron: yuca (4.5 , pastizal (3.6, café (2.1 y bosque (2.2, cada uno con grandes fluctuaciones que hicieron la diferencia. Se discuten las curvas de isodensidades de cada parcela y sus implicaciones en el programa de manejo. Abstract Richness of the white-grub complex (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae in agroecosystems of the Cauca province, Colombia. The composition and variation in the richness of the complex of rhizophagous Melolonthidae larvae was examinated in four agroecological zones in the Municipality of Caldono (1400-1500 m, 21.5ºC, average rainfall 2000 mm/yr with complementary surveys in the neighbouring site of Buenos Aires, Cauca. Half-hectare plots (cassava, pastures, coffee and wooded areas were selected and visited every 15 days (total of 15 visits per plot, and a total of 10 samples were taken (1 m2 by 15 cm deep. In total, 10,261 larvae of 32 species were collected: Phyllophaga, Plectris, Astaena, Macrodactylus, Ceraspis, Barybas, Isonychus, Anomala Callistethus, Strigoderma, Leucothyreus, Cyclocephala

  3. La riqueza del narcotráfico y la desigualdad en Colombia, 1976-2012

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    Ricardo Rocha García

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Buscando comprender la trascendencia económica del narcotráfico sobre la concentración del ingreso en Colombia, se estima la magnitud de la repatriación de riqueza del narcotráfico (W desde la mitad de la década de los setenta, considerando las Utilidades Repatriables (UR y su absorción mediante Flujos de Capitales Encubiertos (FCE, a través del contrabando, la sobre/subfacturación del comercio y la inversión extranjera originada en paraísos fiscales. Las UR se calculan contablemente utilizando la información disponible de producción, precios y decomisos y supuestos documentados, mientras que los FCE contrastan cifras oficiales con registros del resto del mundo y estimativos según fundamentales teóricos. Así, la W explicaría el repunte en la desigualdad del ingreso, controlado por el crecimiento de la economía, y daría alcance a otras manifestaciones del deterioro de la equidad que han sido atribuidas al narcotráfico. Un nexo de calado regional, considerando que allí la desigualdad se encuentra asociada al crecimiento económico y a las incautaciones de bienes al narcotráfico. Un reto para las políticas públicas, a juzgar por su inadecuado diseño y ambiguos resultados, tras el propósito de contener la riqueza de origen criminal y promover la economía legal.

  4. La riqueza del narcotráfico y la desigualdad en Colombia, 1976-2012

    OpenAIRE

    Ricardo Rocha García

    2014-01-01

    Buscando comprender la trascendencia económica del narcotráfico sobre la concentración del ingreso en Colombia, se estima la magnitud de la repatriación de riqueza del narcotráfico (W) desde la mitad de la década de los setenta, considerando las Utilidades Repatriables (UR) y su absorción mediante Flujos de Capitales Encubiertos (FCE), a través del contrabando, la sobre/subfacturación del comercio y la inversión extranjera originada en paraísos fiscales. Las UR se calculan contablemente utili...

  5. EL EFECTO DEL FUEGO EN LA RIQUEZA DE ESPECIES DE HONGOS MICORRIZÓGENOS ARBUSCULARES ASOCIADA A PLANTAS DE MATORRAL XERÓFILO EN EL PARQUE ECOLÓGICO “CUBITOS"

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    Eduardo Chimal-Sánchez

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Los hongos micorrizógenos arbusculares (HMA son esenciales para el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas, entre ellos, los áridos y semiáridos. Esta investigación evaluó el efecto del fuego sobre la riqueza de especies de HMA asociada a Cylindropuntia imbricata , Mimosa biuncifera y Zaluziana augusta . En el Parque Ecológico “Cubitos” de Pachuca, Hidalgo, se seleccionaron dos matorrales xerófilos: i conservado y ii perturbado por un incendio forestal. En cada matorral y de tres individuos de C. imbricata , M. biuncifera , Z. augusta y en áreas abiertas (AA libres de plantas, se recolectaron muestras de suelo (1 kg para la extracción de esporas y determinar la riqueza taxonómica de HMA por género y especie, así como la humedad y pH del suelo. Con un análisis de varianza, similitud y correspondencia se analizaron estas variables. La riqueza de HMA consistió de once morfo-especies distribuidas en seis familias. M. biuncifera en el sitio conservado presentó la mayor riqueza de HMA a nivel de género (6 y especie (6 y en el sitio perturbado fue C. imbricata con cuatro géneros y seis especies. El fuego redujo la riqueza de especies de HMA en un 50, 25 y 50% en M. biuncifera , Z. augusta y en las AA, respectivamente; mientras que, en C. imbricata se incrementó en un 34 %. La familia Gigasporaceae sólo estuvo asociada a M. biuncifera y Z. augusta en la condición conservada. El análisis de correspondencia sugiere que la identidad de la especie vegetal afecta la composición de especies de HMA.

  6. First isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cabral, A D; Gama, A R; Sodré, M M; Savani, E S M M; Galvão-Dias, M A; Jordão, L R; Maeda, M M; Yai, L E O; Gennari, S M; Pena, H F J

    2013-03-31

    There are currently no reports on the isolation and molecular examination of Toxoplasma gondii from bats. Here, we report the isolation and genotypic characterisation of two T. gondii isolates from bats. A total of 369 bats from different municipalities in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, were captured and euthanised, and collected tissues (heart and pectoral muscle) were processed for each bat or in pools of two or three bats and bioassayed in mice (a total of 283 bioassays). Eleven PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) markers were used to genotype positive samples: SAG1, SAG2 (5'-3'SAG2 and alt. SAG2), SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, c22-8, c29-2, PK1, CS3 and Apico. The parasite was isolated from two bats from São Paulo city: an insectivorous bat, the velvety free-tailed bat Molossus molossus, and a hematophagous bat, the common vampire bat Desmodus rotundus. Isolates were designated TgBatBr1 and TgBatBr2, respectively. The genotype of the isolate from M. molossus (TgBatBr1) has been previously described in an isolate from a capybara from São Paulo state, and the genotype from the D. rotundus isolate (TgBatBr2) has already been identified in isolates from cats, chickens, capybaras, sheep, a rodent and a common rabbit from different Brazilian states, suggesting that this may be a common T. gondii lineage circulating in some Brazilian regions. Isolation of T. gondii from a hematophagous species is striking. This study reveals that bats can share the same isolates that are found in domesticated and wild terrestrial animals. This is the first report of the isolation and genotyping of T. gondii in chiropterans. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. Mammalia, Chiroptera, Thyropteridae, Thyroptera tricolor Spix, 1823: Distribution extension in Ecuador

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    Boada, C. E.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available In Ecuador, Thyroptera tricolor is distributed on the northern coastal region, in Amazonia, and in the foothillsof the Andes between 50 to 1,800 m of altitude. We reported a capture of a non-breeding female at El Descanso, Los RíosProvince, in the central coastal region of Ecuador. With this record, we have extended the geographical distribution of T.tricolor in Ecuador 55 km further south. Using the available data for Ecuador, a predictive distribution model was generatedusing a Maximum Entropy approach.

  8. First report of Potorolepis spassky, 1994 (Eucestoda: Hymenolepididae) from China, with description of a new species in bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Makarikova, Tatiana A; Makarikov, Arseny A

    2012-12-01

    Potorolepis gulyaevi sp. n. (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) is described from the Chinese horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus sinicus Andersen (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae), from southern China. The new species differs from known species of the genus by the shape, number and size of rostellar hooks, the relative position and length of the cirrus-sac and the morphology of gravid uterus. This is the first report of a member of the genus from non-marsupial mammals and the first record of a Potorolepis Spassky, 1994 from eastern Asia. The generic diagnosis of Potorolepis is amended.

  9. La lacertofauna de Mendoza: lista actualizada, distribución y riqueza

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    Corbalán, Valeria

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available La provincia de Mendoza posee una rica fauna de lagartos pertenecientes a las familias Leiosauridae, Liolaemidae, Teiidae, Scincidae y Gekkonidae. Algunos son propios del Monte, Puna, Payunia o región andina, mientras que otros poseen una amplia distribución, ocupando dos o más ecosistemas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue actualizar la lista lacertofaunística de la provincia y determinar las áreas de mayor riqueza de especies en relación a estos cuatro tipos de ecosistemas. Se utilizaron datos de procedencia de 43 especies de lagartos a partir de colecciones herpetológicas y de bibliografía. Las localidades fueron georreferenciadas y mapeadas. Una primera estimación de las áreas de mayor riqueza fue realizada sobre la base de las distribuciones de acuerdo a los puntos de colecta. En un segundo análisis, se generaron modelos predictivos de distribución utilizan-do 26 variables ambientales. Estas áreas potenciales fueron superpuestas a fin de obtener el número de especies en cuadrículas de 4,6 km x 4,6 km. Los resultados de ambos métodos indican que la mayor riqueza de especies se encuentra en la Payunia, probablemente en relación a la mayor heterogeneidad ambiental de la zona, ya que es considerada un área ecotonal entre la región fitogeográfica de la Patagonia y el Monte. Un análisis de similitud (Índice de Morisita demuestra que la similitud entre ecosistemas en cuanto a la composición de especies es baja, conformándose dos grupos: el Monte y Patagonia por un lado, y el ecosistema Andino y Puneño por otro. Mendoza province has a rich fauna of lizards that belongs to the Leiosauridae, Liolaemidae, Teiidae, Scincidae and Gekkonidae families. Some of them are typical of the Monte, Puna, Payunia or Andean region, whereas some others are widespread, inhabiting two or more ecosystems. The objective of this work is to perform an updating of the Mendoza lizard fauna and to determine the most highly species-rich areas related to

  10. Inusual riqueza, composición y estructura arbórea en el bosque de tierra firme del Pongo Qoñec, Sur Oriente peruano

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    Isau Huamantupa-Chuquimaco

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available Se estableció una parcela de 1 ha, en bosque de tierra firme en el Pongo de Qoñec, valle Kosñipata (Cusco, dentro de la Reserva Biósfera del Manú, a 710 m; 12°53'53"S y 72°22'25"W. Se registró 56 familias, 153 géneros, 249 especies con 813 individuos con Dap ≥ 10 cm. Las familias, más ricas fueron: Fabaceae (32 especies, Moraceae (24, Rubiaceae (17 y Lauraceae (12; los géneros más ricos, Inga (17, Neea (7, Miconia (5; se halló un área basal total de 40,50 m2, de ellas Iriartea deltoidea con 6,58 m2, Socratea salazarii 2,28 m2, y Endlicheria sp 1,65 m2, obtuvieron mayor ab; la especie con mayor valor de importancia fue: I. deltoidea, cor- roborando estudios anteriores en bosques de tierra firme. El análisis estructural muestra que clases diamétricas 10-20 cm, abarcan 71,3% del total de fustes. Al comparar nuestros resultados, el Pongo de Qoñec, sorpren- dentemente supera en riqueza a parcelas adyacentes dentro del sur peruano y muestra un patrón de riqueza de familias y géneros similar a parcelas peruanas diversas como Yanamono 300 especies y Mishana (289, en Loreto. Consideramos que esta inusual riqueza se debe en gran medida a factores ambientales únicos que se dan en este Pongo, como son la alta precipitación, dinámica de vientos y la variabilidad de suelos en áreas pequeñas. Por tanto estos resultados difieren considerablemente de enunciados conocidos, que consideran a la amazonia sur peruana con moderada a baja riqueza arbórea.

  11. DISTRIBUIÇÃO E RIQUEZA DE ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS RARAS EM FRAGMENTOS DE FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA MISTA AO LONGO DE UM GRADIENTE ALTITUDINAL, EM SANTA CATARINA

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    Tiago de Souza Ferreira

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available RESUMOEste estudo teve por objetivo analisar como a distribuição e riqueza de espécies raras em fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista ocorrem ao longo de um gradiente altitudinal. Para isso, espécies arbóreas (diâmetro à altura do peito > 5 cm foram amostradas em 10 fragmentos florestais localizados em diferentes pisos altitudinais do Planalto Sul-Catarinense, em uma área total de 10 ha. As espécies que apresentaram número de indivíduos igual ou inferior a 2 em pelo menos um fragmento foram classificadas como raras. A distribuição das espécies foi verificada por meio de dendrograma construído a partir do índice de distância florística de Jaccard e do algoritmo de agrupamento UPGMA. A riqueza total de espécies por fragmento e o número de espécies raras foram comparados entre as subformações montana e alto-montana, por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney (U. As relações entre altitude e os valores de riqueza total e número de espécies raras em cada fragmento foram determinadas por regressões lineares simples. Os resultados indicaram a formação de dois grandes grupos de espécies raras em função do piso altitudinal. Apesar de a riqueza total das comunidades reduzir com o aumento da altitude, o número de espécies raras não apresentou alterações significativas. Conclui-se que na região do Planalto Sul-Catarinense os fragmentos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista apresentam diferentes conjunto de espécies arbóreas raras de acordo com a altitude e que a diminuição da riqueza das comunidades com o aumento do piso altitudinal não é acompanhada pela redução do número de espécies raras.

  12. Cross-species chromosome painting in bats from Madagascar: the contribution of Myzopodidae to revealing ancestral syntenies in Chiroptera.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Richards, Leigh R; Rambau, Ramugondo V; Lamb, Jennifer M; Taylor, Peter J; Yang, Fengtang; Schoeman, M Corrie; Goodman, Steven M

    2010-09-01

    The chiropteran fauna of Madagascar comprises eight of the 19 recognized families of bats, including the endemic Myzopodidae. While recent systematic studies of Malagasy bats have contributed to our understanding of the morphological and genetic diversity of the island's fauna, little is known about their cytosystematics. Here we investigate karyotypic relationships among four species, representing four families of Chiroptera endemic to the Malagasy region using cross-species chromosome painting with painting probes of Myotis myotis: Myzopodidae (Myzopoda aurita, 2n = 26), Molossidae (Mormopterus jugularis, 2n = 48), Miniopteridae (Miniopterus griveaudi, 2n = 46), and Vespertilionidae (Myotis goudoti, 2n = 44). This study represents the first time a member of the family Myzopodidae has been investigated using chromosome painting. Painting probes of M. myotis were used to delimit 29, 24, 23, and 22 homologous chromosomal segments in the genomes of M. aurita, M. jugularis, M. griveaudi, and M. goudoti, respectively. Comparison of GTG-banded homologous chromosomes/chromosomal segments among the four species revealed the genome of M. aurita has been structured through 14 fusions of chromosomes and chromosomal segments of M. myotis chromosomes leading to a karyotype consisting solely of bi-armed chromosomes. In addition, chromosome painting revealed a novel X-autosome translocation in M. aurita. Comparison of our results with published chromosome maps provided further evidence for karyotypic conservatism within the genera Mormopterus, Miniopterus, and Myotis. Mapping of chromosomal rearrangements onto a molecular consensus phylogeny revealed ancestral syntenies shared between Myzopoda and other bat species of the infraorders Pteropodiformes and Vespertilioniformes. Our study provides further evidence for the involvement of Robertsonian (Rb) translocations and fusions/fissions in chromosomal evolution within Chiroptera.

  13. Riqueza e densidade de aves que nidificam em cavidades em plantações abandonadas de eucalipto

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    Hugo de Siqueira Pereira

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Monoculturas de árvores, como as de espécies de eucalipto, têm substituído florestas naturais, impactando a fauna pela perda de habitat e recursos. Diversas espécies de aves necessitam de ocos em árvores para nidificar. A falta de recursos como cavidades formadas pela degradação da árvore ou locais apropriados para serem criadas cavidades leva a diminuição na abundância das populações destas espécies. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de comparar a riqueza e a densidade de aves que nidificam em ocos em áreas de plantação de eucalipto abandonadas com áreas de vegetação nativa em duas unidades de conservação em Minas Gerais. Em cada tipo de vegetação de cada reserva foram estabelecidos 25 pontos, nas quais foi utilizado o método de contagem por remoção para o levantamento das espécies de aves. A riqueza de espécies de aves de cada área foi estimada por Jackniffe e a densidade foi estimada através do método de máxima verossimilhança; modelos candidatos que poderiam influenciar a abundância das aves foram avaliados utilizando-se o Critério de Informação Akaike (AIC. Os resultados mostraram que a riqueza de espécies foi maior nas áreas de florestas nativas e que a densidade foi significantemente mais alta nas áreas de florestas nativas, e que o tipo de vegetação e a hora do dia influenciam na abundância e detecção das aves. Esses resultados indicam que as plantações de eucaliptos influenciam negativamente a comunidade de aves que nidificam em ocos, provavelmente por causa da falta de cavidades ou de sub-bosque. Plantações de eucaliptos normalmente não substituem as florestas nativas e seu uso deve ser controlado em áreas de conservação.

  14. Mammal and butterfly species richness in Chile: taxonomic covariation and history Riqueza de mamíferos y mariposas en Chile: covariación taxonómica e historia

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    HORACIO SAMANIEGO

    2009-03-01

    Full Text Available Understanding species richness spatial distribution is of fundamental importance to face the current biodiversity crisis that affects biotas around the world. Taxonomical covariation in species occurrence may offer the possibility to identify common factors that restrict species richness, as well as some guidelines to the identification of key areas for conservation purposes. To this aim, we analyze the geographic distribution of mammals and butterflies in Chile using 0.5° latitude and longitude quadrats. We found that, for both taxa, there is a strong bell-shaped latitudinal gradient in species richness with a peak at mid-latitudes (33-43° S. The results from multiple stepwise regression analysis shows that for both taxa productivity measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI is the most important variable driving changes in species richness followed by glaciation and elevation depending on the taxa. Mid-domain effects were either weak or unimportant in affecting the richness pattern. Variance partitioning analysis shows that the spatial components alone are irrelevant to the richness pattern. We show that spatial covariation in richness of butterflies and mammals, is strongly influenced by spatial scale, possibly as the result of a scale-dependent effects on individual species ranges, whereas factors related to specific ecological characteristics, are more important at smaller scales. Because richness gradients are ultimately the product of speciation and colonization processes on longer time scales, we propose that species richness gradients in Chile may be explained by the interaction between historical processes associated to desertification and glaciation together with productivity. The former sets the domain within which productivity produces a similar richness pattern for both taxa despite their different phylogenetic histories and physiological requirements.Comprender la distribución espacial de la riqueza de

  15. Los elementos integrantes de la nueva riqueza de la empresa

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    Mercedes Garcia-Parra

    2007-07-01

    Full Text Available Al analizar el valor real que tienen las empresas frente al valor que aparece en sus libros contables, se puede apreciar la existencia de una serie de activos intangibles. En un esfuerzo por explicar estos activos, han aparecido teorías como las basadas en la gestión del conocimiento, en el capital intelectual entre otras donde la importancia del valor de la empresa pasa de los recursos tangibles a los intangibles. La relativa juventud de este marco teórico, incorporado recientemente a las ciencias de la Administración, hace que no exista una nítida definición y diferenciación entre los conceptos que intervienen en esta nueva riqueza y que habitualmente se vinculen a una misma realidad. Este artículo pretende aportar una visión más clara de estos conceptos y su vinculación a la creación de ventajas competitivas en las empresas.

  16. INVESTIMENTOS SOCIAIS E RIQUEZA GERADA: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO BALANÇO SOCIAL

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    Roberto do Nascimento Ferreira

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Não há ainda unanimidade quanto ao papel social das empresas, mas a responsabilidade social tem representado para muitas um diferencial nas relações com os stakeholders. Para demonstrar a sua atuação social, as empresas têm recorrido à publicação de Balanços Sociais, que é um demonstrativo que evidencia as informações acerca da responsabilidade social e ambiental das mesmas empresas, através de um conjunto de informações de caráter econômico, financeiro e social de interesse das partes interessadas. Parte dessas informações é disponibilizada através da Demonstração de Valor Adicionado, que permite visualizar a função social das empresas, explanando como se criou e distribuiu riqueza entre fornecedores de capital, recursos humanos e governo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a relação entre a riqueza gerada e os investimentos sociais realizados pelas empresas, através da análise dos balanços sociais publicados nos anos de 2004 e 2005. Os resultados identificaram que, de modo geral, os investimentos sociais (internos, externos e ambientais realizados pelas empresas estão relacionados positivamente com o valor econômico gerado por elas na sociedade. Da mesma forma, verificou-se que, especificamente, os indicadores “investimentos ambientais internos”, “encargos sociais”, “saúde”, “capacitação”, “participação nos lucros” e “cultura” possuem associação mais intensa com a geração de valor econômico.

  17. Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera in the Ponta Grossa region, Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brazil Morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera na região de Ponta Grossa, Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil

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    Cibele M. V. Zanon

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available The diet, reproduction and activity time of bat species found in Ponta Grossa county, Campos Gerais region, were studied. Collections were conducted in four forest fragments, during 272 hours, on 48 m² of nets and roosting sites; the total capture effort was 1.52.10³ h.m². Eight species (247 individuals were registered: Artibeuslituratus (Olfers, 1818, Sturniralilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810, Desmodusrotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810 (Phyllostomidae; Tadaridabrasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819, Eumopsauripendulus (Shaw, 1800 (Molossidae; Eptesicusbrasiliensis (Shaw, 1800, Myotisnigricans (Schinz, 1821, and Histiotusvelatus (I. Geoffroy, 1824 (Vespertilionidae. The Phyllostomidae family was the most frequently captured. Solanaceae, Moraceae, Piperaceae, and Rosaceae were found in the diet of frugivores; six orders of insects and the class Arachnida were found in the diets of insectivores. Pregnant females were found in September and October and lactating ones in November and December. The collection peak was reached in the second hour-and-a-half. Preservation of the regional forested and altered areas is required for survival of the local chiropterofauna.Estudou-se as espécies de morcegos presentes em Ponta Grossa, na região dos Campos Gerais, Paraná, com o objetivo de conhecer seus aspectos ecológicos básicos (dieta, reprodução e horário de atividade. Realizou-se coletas em quatro fragmentos florestais, onde foram empregadas 272 horas de esforço com 48 m² de redes, e em locais de repouso, totalizando um esforço de captura de 1,52.10³ h.m². Registrou-se 247 indivíduos, de oito espécies: Artibeuslituratus (Olfers, 1818, Sturniralilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810, Desmodusrotundus (E. Geoffroy, 1810 (Phyllostomidae; Tadaridabrasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819, Eumopsauripendulus (Shaw, 1800 (Molossidae; Eptesicusbrasiliensis(Shaw, 1800, Myotisnigricans (Schinz, 1821, Histiotusvelatus (I. Geoffroy, 1824 (Vespertilionidae. Phyllostomidae foi a família mais capturada. Solanaceae, Moraceae, Piperaceae e Rosaceae fizeram parte da dieta dos frugívoros; constatou-se seis ordens de insetos e a classe Arachnida na dieta dos insetívoros. Fêmeas grávidas foram encontradas nos meses de setembro e outubro; as lactantes, em novembro e dezembro. O maior pico de captura ocorreu na segunda hora e meia de coleta. Faz-se necessário preservar as áreas florestadas, mesmo as já alteradas, pois estas são importantes para a sobrevivência da quiropterofauna local.

  18. Felicidad, suicidio, riqueza y desempeño estatal

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    José Fernando Flórez Ruiz

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available Mediante una puesta en perspectiva del estudio clásico de Durkheim (1897 sobre el suicidio como síntoma de malestar social y un análisis crítico de la proliferación reciente de índices globales de medición de la felicidad, este artículo propone articular ambas variables (tasa de suicidio y coeficiente de felicidad como indicadores del desempeño estatal en la dimensión del bienestar subjetivo de sus habitantes. Pone además en evidencia el sesgo que ha llevado a excluir estos dos parámetros, al igual que el impacto ambiental de los países, de los índices de bajo desempeño estatal existentes debido a que los Estados más ricos, “centros de producción” donde se construyen estas tablas comparativas, no son necesariamente los más felices y presentan tasas relativamente altas de muerte voluntaria. El Happy Planet Index constituye una notable excepción a esta tendencia, pero su metodología resulta insatisfactoria. La religiosidad, las instituciones políticas y la economía en sus tres dimensiones: riqueza, pobreza y desigualdad, están presentes en la reflexión como factores de felicidad pero se les matiza para evitar caer en determinismos.

  19. Felicidad, suicidio, riqueza y desempeño estatal

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    José Fernando Flórez Ruiz

    2013-07-01

    Full Text Available Mediante una puesta en perspectiva del estudio clásico de Durkheim (1897 sobre el suicidio como síntoma de malestar social y un análisis crítico de la proliferación reciente de índices globales de medición de la felicidad, este artículo propone articular ambas variables (tasa de suicidio y coeficiente de felicidad como indicadores del desempeño estatal en la dimensión del bienestar subjetivo de sus habitantes. Pone además en evidencia el sesgo que ha llevado a excluir estos dos parámetros, al igual que el impacto ambiental de los países, de los índices de bajo desempeño estatal existentes debido a que los Estados más ricos, “centros de producción” donde se construyen estas tablas comparativas, no son necesariamente los más felices y presentan tasas relativamente altas de muerte voluntaria. El Happy Planet Index constituye una notable excepción a esta tendencia, pero su metodología resulta insatisfactoria. La religiosidad, las instituciones políticas y la economía en sus tres dimensiones: riqueza, pobreza y desigualdad, están presentes en la reflexión como factores de felicidad pero se les matiza para evitar caer en determinismos.

  20. História Da Riqueza Na Economia Cafeeira Paulista: A Família Arruda Botelho (1854-1901)

    OpenAIRE

    Maria Alice Rosa Ribeiro; Cristina de Campos

    2013-01-01

    Através da atuação do patriarca da família Arruda Botelho, observamos que a riqueza gerada na segunda metade do século XIX dependia fundamentalmente da diversificação dos negócios. O desenvolvimento da economia cafeeira implicou a criação de novas oportunidades de investimentos como ferrovias, casas comissárias e bancos, setores em que o patriarca investiu graças ao capital acumulado em suas atividades da lavoura cafeeira.

  1. Karyology of eight species of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Hainan Island, China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Yi; Motokawa, Masaharu; Li, Yu-Chun; Harada, Masashi; Chen, Zhong; Lin, Liang-Kong

    2009-10-20

    Karyotypes and chromosomal data are presented for eight bat species representing two families (Rhinolophidae and Vespertilionidae) from Hainan Island, China. The species investigated were Rhinolophus lepidus (2n = 62, FN = 60), R. pusillus (2n = 62, FN = 60), R. affinis (2n = 62, FN = 60), R. sinicus (2n = 36, FN = 60), Myotis horsfieldi (2n = 44, FN = 52), Pipistrellus abramus (2n = 26, FN = 44), Miniopterus australis (2n = 46, FN = 50) and M. schreibersii (2n = 46, FN = 50). The karyotype of Rhinolophus lepidus is reported for the first time.

  2. Trypanosoma sp. diversity in Amazonian bats (Chiroptera; Mammalia) from Acre State, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dos Santos, Francisco C B; Lisboa, Cristiane V; Xavier, Samanta C C; Dario, Maria A; Verde, Rair de S; Calouro, Armando M; Roque, André Luiz R; Jansen, Ana M

    2017-11-16

    Bats are ancient hosts of Trypanosoma species and their flying ability, longevity and adaptability to distinct environments indicate that they are efficient dispersers of parasites. Bats from Acre state (Amazon Biome) were collected in four expeditions conducted in an urban forest (Parque Zoobotânico) and one relatively more preserved area (Seringal Cahoeira) in Rio Branco and Xapuri municipalities. Trypanosoma sp. infection was detected by hemoculture and fresh blood examination. Isolated parasite species were identified by the similarity of the obtained DNA sequence from 18S rDNA polymerase chain reaction and reference strains. Overall, 367 bats from 23 genera and 32 species were examined. Chiropterofauna composition was specific to each municipality, although Artibeus sp. and Carollia sp. prevailed throughout. Trypanosoma sp. infection was detected in 85 bats (23·2%). The most widely distributed and prevalent genotypes were (in order) Trypanosoma cruzi TcI, T. cruzi marinkellei, Trypanosoma dionisii, T. cruzi TcIV and Trypanosoma rangeli. At least one still-undescribed Trypanosoma species was also detected in this study. The detection of T. cruzi TcI and TcIV (the ones associated with Chagas disease in Amazon biome) demonstrates the putative importance of these mammal hosts in the epidemiology of the disease in the Acre State.

  3. The bats (Chiroptera; Mammalia of Mordovia: specific structure and features of distribution

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    Oleg N. Artaev

    2016-05-01

    Full Text Available This article presents the specific structure and distribution of the bats made in the territory of the Republic of Mordovia (Central Russia from the first half of the 20th century to the present. Occurence, relative abundance and patterns of distribution are briefly assessed for rare species. On this base, recommendations for inclusion these bats in the regional Red Data Book are presented. .In Mordovia twelve species of bats have been observed. There are widespread and numerous species: Pipistrellus nathusii, Myotis daubentonii, M. dasycneme, Nyctalus noctula and Vespertilio murinus. Widespread but less numerous species are: Myotis brandtii and Plecotus auritus. Finally, rare species are: Myotis nattereri, Nyctalus lasiopterus, N. leisleri, Pipistrellus pygmaeus and P. kuhlii.

  4. Ectoparasites of bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae, with a description of a new species of Synthesiostrebla Townsend (Diptera, Streblidae from Brazil

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    Gustavo Graciolli

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Ectoparasites of bats (Chiroptera, Furipteridae, with a description of a new species of Synthesiostrebla Townsend (Diptera, Streblidae from Brazil. Records of ectoparasites from furipterid bats are restricted to bat flies (Streblidae. Only three streblid species were known before this work: Trichobius pallidus (Curran, 1934, Strebla wiedemanni Kolenati, 1856, and Synthesiostrebla amorphochili Townsend, 1913. A second species of Synthesiostrebla is described here, increasing the geographical distribution of the genus to east of the Andes. Synthesiostrebla cisandina sp. nov. was found on Furipterus horrens (Cuvier, 1828 in southeastern Brazil. Anterior parts of the body, wing, tergite 7, epiproct and male genitalia are illustrated, and a key to females for species of Synthesiostrebla is provided.

  5. Efectos del área, edad y cobertura de la vegetación sobre la riqueza de especies de aves reproductoras en los parques urbanos de Vitoria-Gasteiz

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    De la Hera, I., Unanue, A., Aguirre, I.

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La rápida expansión urbana y el incremento de la población humana que vive en las ciudades dificultan el acceso de los ciudadanos a la naturaleza. Entre los múltiples beneficios de las áreas verdes urbanas, se encuentra su contribución a paliar este alejamiento. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del área total del parque, de su edad y de la cobertura de diversos estratos vegetales (cobertura de césped, arbustos y árboles sobre la riqueza total de especies de aves en 20 parques urbanos de la ciudad de Vitoria-Gasteiz. El área total del parque y la cobertura arborea, que se correlacionó positivamente con la edad del parque, explicaron gran parte de la variación en la riqueza de especies en estos parques. Conocer como afectan las características de los parques a la riqueza de especies de aves en la áreas verdes de las ciudades, puede ser especialmente útil para los gestores urbanos a la hora de diseñar parques en los que se potencien, no sólo sus servicios sociales de esparcimiento, sino tambien sus valores naturales.

  6. Occurrence of white-winged vampire bat, Diaemus youngi (Mammalia, Chiroptera, in the Cerrado of Distrito Federal, Brazil Ocorrência de Diaemus youngi (Mammalia, Chiroptera no Cerrado do Distrito Federal

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    Ludmilla M. de S. Aguiar

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Authors cite Diaemus youngi (Jentik, 1893 as occurring in all the Brazilian territory. In spite of that, there are no reports of capture sites for D. youngi in the literature for Distrito Federal or Cerrado of Central Brazil. Here we report the first precise record of this species for Central Brazil, rural area of Distrito Federal, and provide information on its biology, conservation and distribution in Brazil, according to our data and information from the literature.A espécie Diaemus youngi (Jentik, 1893 é considerada por alguns autores como ocorrendo para todo o Brasil incluindo o bioma Cerrado e área rural do Distrito Federal. No entanto não há na literatura nenhum registro do local de coleta dessa espécie para essas regiões. Reportamos aqui o primeiro registro no Cerrado do Brasil Central, área rural do Distrito Federal, e alguns dados sobre a biologia, conservação e distribuição geográfica da espécie no Brasil, de acordo com dados desse trabalho e da literatura.

  7. Abundancia y riqueza de moluscos y crustáceos asociados a las raíces sumergidas del mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle en la laguna de Bocaripo, Sucre, Venezuela

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    Jennellis Cedeño

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Las raíces de mangle son un importante hábitat para muchas especies. Se estudió la abundancia y riqueza de moluscos y crustáceos asociadas a las raíces sumergidas de Rhizophora mangle. Las muestras fueron recolectadas entre febrero 2005 y enero 2006, en la laguna de Bocaripo, costa norte del estado Sucre, Venezuela. Se establecieron cinco estaciones en la laguna; al azar en cada estación se escogieron dos raíces de mangle, fueron introducidas en bolsas plásticas; los organismos fueron obtenidos de la raíz raspando la superficie con un cuchillo, luego fueron separados y fijados en formalina al 10% para su posterior identificación. Se recolectaron 1 092 especimenes de moluscos, distribuidos en dos clases: Bivalvia y Gastropoda. La clase Bivalvia fue la más abundante con 943 individuos. La familia más representativa fue Mytilidae con 6 especies, siendo Musculus lateralis la especie dominante. Los crustáceos estuvieron representados por 372 organismos, pertenecientes a la clase Malacostraca, donde Panopeus herbstii (169 ind. fue la especie más abundante. Las familias Panopeidae, Porcellanidae y Majidae presentaron el mayor número de especies. La máxima abundancia se encontró en febrero (224 ind. con una riqueza de 25 especies y la mínima en noviembre (45 ind. con 12. Las estaciones 1 y 5 presentaron la mayor abundancia y riqueza de organismos, lo cual pudiera estar relacionado con condiciones ambientales favorables, como la mayor disponibilidad de microhábitats y oferta alimenticia; por el contrario la estación 4, presentó un ambiente más inhóspito, debido a los altos valores en la salinidad y temperatura, lo cual contribuye con la menor abundancia y riqueza de las especies presentes.

  8. [Trematodes (Trematoda) of bats (Chiroptera) from the Middle Volga Region].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kirillov, A A; Kirillova, N Iu; Vekhnik, V P

    2012-01-01

    The data on species diversity of trematodes from bats collected in the Middle Volga Region are summarized. According to original and literary data, 20 trematode species were recorded in bats of the region examined. Plagiorchis elegans, Lecithodendrium skrjabini, L. rysavyi, Prosthodendrium hurkovaae, and Pycnoporus megacotyle are specified for the bat fauna of Russia for the first time. For 11 species of parasites, new hosts are recorded. The analysis of bat helminthes demonstrated that the fauna of trematodes of the northern bat (12 species of trematodes), of the pond, and of the Brandt's bats is the most diverse, constituting more than 10 parasite species per bat species. The largest number of final hosts in the Middle Volga Region is characteristic of Plagiorchis koreanus and Prosthodendrium chilostomum; the latter species were revealed in 8 and 7 bat species, respectively. Trematodes of bats possess a high degree of host specificity. 17 species parasitize exclusively in bats out of 20 parasite species registered for the order Chiroptera. Only 3 species (Plagiorchis elegans, P. vespertilionis, and Prosthodendrium chilostomum) show wide degree of specificity, being found in other animals. Taxonomic position, the circle of hosts, collecting sites, and brief data in biology and geographical distribution for each helminth species are specified. Morphological descriptions and original figures for all the trematode species revealed in bats of the Middle Volga Region are given.

  9. A new species of broad-nosed bat Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Chiroptera:   Phyllostomidae) from the Guianan Shield.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Velazco, Paúl M; Lim, Burton K

    2014-05-16

    A new species of broad-nosed bat Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae) from the Guianan Shield is described based on molecular and morphological data. Previously confused with P. helleri and P. recifinus, the new taxon is currently known from only Guyana and Suriname and is most closely related to P. recifinus from eastern Brazil and not to the two sympatric species (P. fusciventris and P. incarum) also recently recognized as distinct from P. helleri. Morphometrically the new taxon overlaps with the smaller species of the genus (P. angustirostris, P. brachycephalus, P. fusciventris, P. helleri, P. incarum, and P. matapalensis), but forms a different cluster from the larger P. recifinus. Morphologically the new taxon is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of external and craniodental characteristics. Platyrrhinus now includes 21 species making it the most speciose genus in the Neotropical family Phyllostomidae.

  10. Diversitas Kelelawar (Chiroptera Penghuni Gua, Studi Gua Ngerong di Kawasan Karst Tuban Jawa Timur

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    Tatag Bagus Putra Prakarsa

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui diversitas kelelawar penghuni gua di gua Ngerong. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Nature Snapshop Experiment (NSE. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November - Desember 2011 di gua Ngerong, Desa Rengel, Kecamatan Rengel, Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur. Penangkapan dilakukan dengan metode tangkap langsung. Penangkapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan misnet dan handnet. Kelelawar diidentifikasi berdasarkan pengukuran morfometri dan ciri morfologi mengacu kunci identifikasi Suyanto, 2001 dan Payne et al., 2000. Seluruh data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Di gua Ngerong terdapat 9 spesies dari 4 famili atau 60% dari total spesies kelelawar penghuni gua di kawasan karst Tuban. Enam spesies anggota Subordo Microchiroptera yang merupakan insectivor dan 3 spesies anggota Subordo Megachiroptera yang merupakan frugivor dan nictivor. Keanekaragaman di gua Ngerong tergolong tinggi dengan nilai Simpson's Diversity Index sebesar 0,76. Tingginya diversitas kelelawar penghuni gua Ngerong berbanding lurus dengan panjang lorong gua Ngerong. gua Ngerong merupakan gua terpanjang di kawasan karst Tuban, dengan panjang lorong mencapai 1800m.kata kunci: Kelelawar (Chiroptera, Diversitas, Gua Ngerong, Biospeleologi, Karst

  11. Morcegos cavernícolas da região do Distrito Federal, centro-oeste do Brasil (Mammalia, Chiroptera Cave bats from the Distrito Federal area in Mid-Western Brazil (Mammalia, Chiroptera

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    Angelika Bredt

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Between 1989 and 1995, twenty caves in the Distrito Federal area in mid-western Brazil were assessed for bat species richness, frequency, spatial distribution, behavior, reproduction and inter-specific cohabitation. The general state of conservation of the caves was also assessed. Of the 20 caves studied, 12 were less than 100 m long, five between 100 m and 300 m, and three were longerthan 300 m. Twenty-two species of six different families were observed: 16 species belonged to Phyllostomidae, two to Vespertilionidae and Mormoopidae and one to Furipteridae and Emballonuridae. In this study, 17 species were characterized as Distrito Federal cave dwellers. The most prevalent were Desmodus rotundus, Glossophaga soricina and Carollia perspicillata. The least prevalent were Lonchorhina aurita, Pteronotus gymnonotus and Phylloderma stenops. Since some Anoura caudifer, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Myotis nigricans, Micronycteris minuta, and Eptesicus brasiliensis individuals were captured only while going into the caves early in the night, they were not considered cave dwellers. Even though, they probably use the caves as a daytime roosting place. Surprisingly, Lonchophylla dekeyseri, considered to be the only endemic bat species in the Cerrado ecosystem, was observed in three of the surveyed caves. Further biological studies are necessary to determine the biology of L. dekeyseri and the necessity of its conservation. The bat colonies observed were usually of a small size. Few colonies of D. rotundus and Anoura geoffroyi contained more than 300 individuals of both sexes. Only a inale group of L. aurita was observed in the Distrito Federal area. Twelve of the surveyed caves were hard to access and therefore well protected. Four of the caves received some public visitation, two were located near limestone mines, one was located near an urban area. and one had both public visitation and deforestation near its entrance. In this latter cave, no bats were observed after november 1994, probably due to the urbanization process. Special attention should be given to eight of the surveyed caves in any plan made for the conservation of cave bats in the Distrito Federal area. These caves host a high bat diversity (six or more species and also shelter two rare and one endemic bat species.

  12. Patrones espaciales de la riqueza específica de las culebras Thamnophis en México Spatial patterns of species richness of garter snakes Thamnophis in Mexico

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    Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Se identificaron tanto las áreas de mayor riqueza específica de las culebras del género Thamnophis y su presencia en las provincias biogeográficas y las Regiones Terrestres Prioritarias (RTP, como los factores antropogénicos que pueden influir en su distribución. Con la combinación de mapas de distribución potencial de las especies se creó un mapa de riqueza específica para calcular el porcentaje de celdas ocupadas por el género dentro de cada provincia biogeográfica, de cada RTP y conocer el tipo de uso de suelo. Además, se obtuvo la complementariedad de especies y la ordenación de las RTP a partir de su composición específica. El género se distribuyó en el 80.5% de México, en todas sus provincias biogeográficas. Los estados de Durango, Michoacán, Puebla, Veracruz y Oaxaca presentaron la mayor riqueza específica. Potencialmente, el género puede encontrarse en el 96% de las RTP de México con un patrón altitudinal y climático. De 6 grupos de las RTP, el grupo oriental presentó la mayor riqueza específica. El 25.8% de la distribución potencial del género se encontró en áreas modificadas por el hombre. Se discuten los patrones de distribución bajo una perspectiva ecológica, biogeográfica y de conservación y se sugiere comprobar la riqueza específica potencial con estudios de campo.We identified areas of high species richness of snakes of the genus Thamnophis, their presence within biogeographic provinces and Terrestrial Priority Regions (TPR. We also identified anthropogenic factors that may influence their distribution. We created a map of species richness from the combination of potential distribution maps of species to calculate the percentage of cells occupied by the genus within each biogeographic province, TPR and type of land use. In addition, we obtained the complementarity of species and the ordination of TPR from its species composition. The genus is distributed in 80.5% of Mexico, in all biogeographic

  13. Riqueza de especies de mosquitos, distribución y sitios de cría en el municipio Boyeros

    OpenAIRE

    Valdés Miró, Vivian; Reyes Arencibia, Mayra; Marquetti Fernández, María del Carmen; González Broche, Raúl

    2013-01-01

    Introducción: la identificación de las especies de mosquitos en cada municipio en Cuba forma parte del Programa de Control de Aedes aegypti y Aedes albopictus, lo cual representa un factor importante en la aparición de eventos epidemiológicos o zoonóticos que involucren estos insectos. Objetivo: conocer la riqueza de especies de mosquitos y su distribución en el municipio Boyeros. Métodos: el trabajo se desarrolló en el municipio Boyeros, La Habana en el período 1982-2011. Las muestras de mos...

  14. Bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea) Challenge a Recent Origin of Extant Neotropical Diversity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rojas, Danny; Warsi, Omar M; Dávalos, Liliana M

    2016-05-01

    The mechanisms underlying the high extant biodiversity in the Neotropics have been controversial since the 19th century. Support for the influence of period-specific changes on diversification often rests on detecting more speciation events during a particular period. The timing of speciation events may reflect the influence of incomplete taxon sampling, protracted speciation, and null processes of lineage accumulation. Here we assess the influence of these factors on the timing of speciation with new multilocus data for New World noctilionoid bats (Chiroptera: Noctilionoidea). Biogeographic analyses revealed the importance of the Neotropics in noctilionoid diversification, and the critical role of dispersal. We detected no shift in speciation rate associated with the Quaternary or pre-Quaternary periods, and instead found an increase in speciation linked to the evolution of the subfamily Stenodermatinae (∼18 Ma). Simulations modeling constant speciation and extinction rates for the phylogeny systematically showed more speciation events in the Quaternary. Since recording more divergence events in the Quaternary can result from lineage accumulation, the age of extant sister species cannot be interpreted as supporting higher speciation rates during this period. Instead, analyzing the factors that influence speciation requires modeling lineage-specific traits and environmental, spatial, and ecological drivers of speciation. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  15. Reconocimiento de los factores determinantes de la riqueza de especies: el caso de los Aphodiinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Aphodiidae en la Península Ibérica

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    Cabrero-Sañudo, F. J.

    2003-12-01

    represent the most favourable areas at present, that give refuge to each one of these faunistic groups. Moreover, the fact of an accumulated species richness on the north-western part of the peninsula would be one of the evidences which reflect the Iberian Peninsula role both as a colonization route and as a refuge during glacial/interglacial cycles.

    En el presente artículo se procedió a explorar las variables que explican la riqueza de especies de Aphodiinae (Aphodiidae, Scarabaeoidea a escala peninsular ibérica partiendo únicamente de previos estudios faunísticos y haciendo uso de las técnicas estadísticas conocidas como Modelos Lineales Generalizados. Para examinar los factores que influyen en la riqueza de este grupo, se analizaron los datos referidos a 30 estudios faunísticos procedentes de la literatura. Para cada localización, se recopilaron 22 variables, referidas a factores ambientales de tipo topográfico, geográfico, de diversidad ambiental, climático, litológico y de usos ganaderos. Tras eliminar el efecto del área, algunos de los factores ambientales climáticos, litológicos, de usos ganaderos y geográficos se mostraron capaces de explicar la variación en la riqueza de Aphodiinae ibéricos. No obstante, se observó que una función compuesta por el índice de aridez y la variable referida a la proporción de los suelos silíceos podría resumir toda la variación en la distribución de riqueza de Aphodiinae ibéricos propiciada por el ambiente, lo que ponía de manifiesto la correlación existente entre el resto de variables significativas con estas dos variables. Un análisis de jerarquización de la varianza expuso que los factores climáticos eran los más influyentes en la riqueza de especies, seguidos por los litológicos, los de usos ganaderos y los geográficos. Sin embargo, el espacio en sí mismo fue capaz de explicar mucho más que el resto de variables ambientales, por lo que otras variables no consideradas podrían expresar

  16. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera of the southeastern Truong Son Mountains, Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam

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    Nguyen Truong Son

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Bat communities of mainland Southeast Asia can be highly diverse. Many are under threat. Despite this, regional faunal composition is not well documented for many areas, including regions of Vietnam.  We assessed the biodiversity of bats in a watershed protection forest in the southeastern Truong Son (Annamite Mountains, southwestern Quang Ngai Province, Vietnam in 2011–2013.  Twenty species of insectivorous bats were documented including a high diversity of Murina species Tube-nosed Bats.  Diversity and abundance indices were compared with that recorded previously in two nature reserves and one national park in Vietnam, and were higher or comparable in several measures despite the lack of a karst substrate for roosts.  Reproduction in the insectivorous bat fauna coincided with the early rainy season.  In the late dry season, pregnant females of several species were observed but volant juveniles were not present, whereas in the early wet season adult females were lactating or post-lactating and volant juveniles of nine species were detected.  We recorded echolocation calls of 14 bat species; for each species, we compared features of calls with those reported previously in other Asian localities.  For some species we found discrepancies in call metrics among studies, perhaps suggesting a greater hidden biodiversity of bats in Southeast Asia.

  17. Cave-dwelling bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) and conservation concerns in South central Mindanao, Philippines

    OpenAIRE

    Krizler C. Tanalgo; John Aries G. Tabora

    2015-01-01

    The stable microclimate in caves provides a relatively constant habitat for many bat species in the Philippines, but human encroachment continues to disrupt this habitat and imperil many of the species roosting in the caves.  In South central Mindanao, the diversity and conservation status of cave bats remain undocumented and unexplored.  We employed mist-netting to capture bats from five different caves within the town of Kabacan, northern Cotabato, Philippines.  A total of 14 bat species we...

  18. Cave-dwelling bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera and conservation concerns in South central Mindanao, Philippines

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    Krizler C. Tanalgo

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The stable microclimate in caves provides a relatively constant habitat for many bat species in the Philippines, but human encroachment continues to disrupt this habitat and imperil many of the species roosting in the caves.  In South central Mindanao, the diversity and conservation status of cave bats remain undocumented and unexplored.  We employed mist-netting to capture bats from five different caves within the town of Kabacan, northern Cotabato, Philippines.  A total of 14 bat species were identified including the Philippine endemics Hipposideros pygmaeus and Ptenochirus jagori and the threatened Megaerops wetmorei. However, despite the declining conservation status of the bats, local disturbance such as bat hunting for bush meat and unregulated tourism are currently taking place in the caves.  Large species such as Eonycteris spelaea and Rousettus amplexicaudatus are killed almost every day for food and trade.  Therefore, the high species richness, and the presence of endemic and threatened species coupled with the occurrence of anthropogenic disturbances in caves suggests the need for an urgent and effective conservation intervention involving the local government and public community. 

  19. Methods and insights from the characterization of osteoprogenitor cells of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera

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    H.C. Ball

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Osteoprogenitor cells contribute to the development and maintenance of skeletal tissues. Bats are unique model taxa whose cellular processes are poorly understood, especially in regards to skeletal biology. Forelimb bones of bats, unlike those of terrestrial mammals, bend during flight and function in controlled deformation. As a first step towards understanding the molecular processes governing deposition of this flexible bone matrix, we provide the first method for isolation and differentiation of cell populations derived from the bone marrow and cortical bone of bats, and compare results with those harvested from C57BL/6J mice. Osteogenic capacity of these cells was assessed via absolute quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR and through quantification of in vitro mineral deposition. Results indicate the differentiated bone cells of bats display significantly lower gene expression of known osteogenic markers (Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX2, osteocalcin (BGLAP and osterix (SP7, and deposit a less-mineralized matrix compared with murine controls. By characterizing the in vitro performance of osteoprogenitor cells throughout differentiation and matrix production, this study lays the ground work for in vitro manipulations of bat stem and osteoprogenitor cells and extends our understanding of the cellular diversity across mammals that occupy different habitats.

  20. Diversidade de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera do Complexo Aporé-Sucuriú, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Bat Diversity (Mammalia, Chiroptera from Aporé-Sucuriú's complex, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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    Marcelo O. Bordignon

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available Realizou-se um inventário da fauna de morcegos entre abril e novembro de 2004 no norte de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil (Projeto Jauru/MMA. Oito pontos de coleta foram amostrados com redes-neblina em um ambiente de cerrado, sendo capturados 146 indivíduos de 28 espécies, distribuídos em seis famílias. O total de espécies neste estudo, representa apenas 30% da fauna de morcegos do cerrado. A família mais capturada foi a Phyllostomidae, representada por Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766 e Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818. Algumas espécies raras foram capturadas: Lophostoma brasiliense (Peters, 1866, Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903 e Lionycteris spurrelli Thomas, 1913. O local de maior abundância (0,032 indivíduos/m²/h mostrou um índice de Simpson de D = 3.86 e o de menor abundância (0,003 indivíduos/m²/h um índice de Simpson de D = 3.03. A preservação dos mananciais de água e a cobertura florestal nestes pontos são discutidas.From April to November 2004 was made a bat fauna inventory in Northern of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil (Jauru's Project/MMA. Eight points was sampled with mist-nets in a cerrado's ecosystem and was caught 146 individuals de 28 species, distributed into six bat families. The total of species in this study just represents 30% of cerrado's bat fauna. The more caught family was Phyllostomidae represented by Glossophaga soricina (Pallas, 1766 and Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818. Some rare species were caught: Lophostoma brasiliense (Peters, 1866, Lonchophylla mordax Thomas, 1903 and Lionycteris spurrelli Thomas, 1913. The more abundant point sampled (0.032 bat/m²/h shown a Simpson index of D = 3.86 and the low abundant point sampled (0.003 bat/m²/h was D = 3.03. The preservation of water springs and forest cover in study sites are discussed.

  1. First record of the Lesser Horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800 (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera from Syria

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    Adwan Shehab

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract The lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros was recorded for the first time from Syria in 2005-06. Two solitary hibernating specimens (a male and a female were collected from an underground cave in Basofan village, NW of Aleppo, and from Al Marqab Citadel, Banyas. External and cranial measurements are given for both specimens. The list of recorded species of bats of Syria includes 17 species. Riassunto Prima segnalazione di Rinolofo minore Rhinolophus hipposideros (Bechstein, 1800 (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera in Siria La specie è stata rinvenuta nel 2005-06 con il ritrovamento di due esemplari solitari ibernanti (un maschio e una femmina, rispettivamente in una grotta presso il paese di Basofan, NO di Aleppo e in Al Marqab, Banyas. Per entrambi gli esemplari sono riportate le misure craniali e esterne. Con il ritrovamento del Rinolofo minore la chirotterofauna della Siria è attualmente rappresentata da 17 specie.

  2. RIQUEZA FLORÍSTICA, ENDEMISMO Y FORMAS DE VIDA DE LOS BOSQUES Y LOS MATORRALES DE LAS TERRAZAS COSTERAS DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA BACONAO, CUBA

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    LUZ MARGARITA FIGUEREDO CARDONA

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la riqueza florística, el endemismo y las formas de vida de ocho tipos de vegetación entre bosques y matorrales de las terrazas costeras de la reserva de la biosfera Baconao. A partir de las recolectas en las expediciones de campo, la revisión de materiales de herbario e inventarios florísticos precedentes, se elaboró la lista de especies vegetales. Se identificaron 757 especies de 387 géneros y 87 familias botánicas. Del total, 108 son introducidas y 649 nativas, de éstas 164 son endémicas. Los matorrales costeros y los bosques semideciduos presentaron la mayor riqueza de especies y endemismos, además de alta similitud biológica, debido a las condiciones edáficas en que se desarrollan. Las familias con mayor riqueza específica fueron: Leguminosae (96, Malvaceae (58, Rubiaceae (42, Euphorbiaceae (41, Apocynaceae (34, Boraginaceae (33 y Poaceae (29. Predominaron los elementos de origen gondwánico (59.2 %, seguidos de los laurásicos (22.4 % y los de origen desconocido (18.4 %, con prevalecía de arbustos centro amazónicos. Se reconocieron 164 especies endémicas, de éstas 58 pancubanos, 45 sectoriales, 26 distritales y 35 multisectoriales. Es significativa la presencia de ocho géneros endémicos, siete monoespecíficos. Se registraron 35 especies amenazadas, 22 de ellas endémicas que se encuentran en áreas protegidas con categoría estricta de manejo. Se encontraron nueve formas de vida, con predominio de arbustos (283, árboles (179, hierbas (139 y trepadoras (108.

  3. Avaliação comparativa de iscas atrativas a partir da riqueza de espécies de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae numa floresta de Eucalyptus grandis, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

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    Jardel Boscardin

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available O presente estudo objetivou avaliar diferentes iscas atrativas, buscando eficiência quanto à riqueza de espécies de formigas epigéicas, potenciais bioindicadores da qualidade ambiental, em uma área antropizada, com Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex. Maiden (Myrtaceae, com 16 anos, e aproximadamente cinco hectares, localizada no campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, em Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas foram realizadas utilizando-se cinco tipos de iscas: sardinha com óleo (SO, sardinha com tomate (ST, patê de frango (FR, patê de fígado de frango (FG e atum sólido (AT distribuídas aleatoriamente na área, em intervalos de cinco metros, com cinco repetições, totalizando 25 unidades experimentais, amostradas a cada estação do ano, de novembro de 2007 a agosto de 2008. Após 60 minutos de exposição, todo o material presente sobre a armadilha foi recolhido e acondicionado em recipientes com álcool 70 % e em seguida, encaminhado ao laboratório de entomologia para separação em morfo-espécies para posterior identificação. Coletaram-se 3072 indivíduos, distribuídos em 14 espécies pertencentes a oito gêneros e quatro subfamílias. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre as riquezas médias observadas de espécies nas iscas (DMS = 2,3252 ; g.l. = 19, p > 0,05. A isca constituída de sardinha com óleo apresentou maior riqueza média observada de espécies (SM = 5,75, porém a isca a base de patê de fígado de frango apresentou maior riqueza de espécies (S = 13, sendo que, Pseudomyrmex termitarius ocorreu somente nestas duas. Das espécies amostradas, nenhuma apresentou preferência por uma única isca atrativa específica, espécies de Brachymyrmex, Camponotus, Pheidole, Wasmannia e Solenopsis foram comuns nas cinco iscas. Portanto, no momento da escolha de uma das iscas avaliadas para a realização da amostragem de formigas epigéicas, sugere-se ponderar, além da riqueza específica, a não- presen

  4. First description of multivalent ring structures in eutherian mammalian meiosis: new chromosomal characterization of Cormura brevirostris (Emballonuridae, Chiroptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    de Araújo, Ramon Everton Ferreira; Nagamachi, Cleusa Yoshiko; da Costa, Marlyson Jeremias Rodrigues; Noronha, Renata Coelho Rodrigues; Rodrigues, Luís Reginaldo Ribeiro; Pieczarka, Julio César

    2016-08-01

    Twelve specimens of the bat Cormura brevirostris (Emballonuridae: Chiroptera) were collected from four localities in the Brazilian Amazon region and analyzed by classical and molecular cytogenetics. The diploid number and autosomal fundamental number were as previously reported (2n = 22 and FNa = 40, respectively). Fluorescence in situ hybridization using rDNA probes and silver nitrate technique demonstrated the presence of two NOR sites and the presence of internal telomeric sequences at pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes with exception of Y. Based on meiotic studies and chromosome banding we suggest that the sex chromosome pair of C. brevirostris was equivocally identified as it appears in the literature. Meiotic analysis demonstrated that at diplotene-diakinesis the cells had a ring conformation involving four chromosome pairs. This suggests the occurrence of multiple reciprocal translocations among these chromosomes, which is a very rare phenomenon in vertebrates, and has never been described in Eutheria.

  5. Mitochondrial genome of Pteronotus personatus (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae): comparison with selected bats and phylogenetic considerations.

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Wilchis, Ricardo; Del Río-Portilla, Miguel Ángel; Guevara-Chumacero, Luis Manuel

    2017-02-01

    We described the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the Wagner's mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus, a species belonging to the family Mormoopidae, and compared it with other published mitogenomes of bats (Chiroptera). The mitogenome of P. personatus was 16,570 bp long and contained a typically conserved structure including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and one control region (D-loop). Most of the genes were encoded on the H-strand, except for eight tRNA and the ND6 genes. The order of protein-coding and rRNA genes was highly conserved in all mitogenomes. All protein-coding genes started with an ATG codon, except for ND2, ND3, and ND5, which initiated with ATA, and terminated with the typical stop codon TAA/TAG or the codon AGA. Phylogenetic trees constructed using Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods showed an identical topology and indicated the monophyly of different families of bats (Mormoopidae, Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, Rhinolophidae, and Pteropopidae) and the existence of two major clades corresponding to the suborders Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera. The mitogenome sequence provided here will be useful for further phylogenetic analyses and population genetic studies in mormoopid bats.

  6. Diversidad de frutos que consumen tres especies de murciélagos (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae en la selva lacandona, Chiapas, México Diversity of fruits consumed by three species of bats (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae in the Lacandona rainforest, Chiapas, Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alinka Olea-Wagner

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio amplía el conocimiento de los hábitos alimentarios de 3 especies de murciélagos frugívoros como dispersores de semillas en 2 localidades de la selva alta perennifolia en la zona sur de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Montes Azules (REBIMA, y dentro del Ejido Playón de la Gloria (PDLG. Se estimó la abundancia relativa de Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata y Sturnira lilium, así como la diversidad y categoría sucesional de los frutos que consumen estas 3 especies en ambas localidades, mediante la identificación de semillas en las excretas. La división de especies vegetales por categoría sucesional mostró que A. lituratus y C. perspicillata consumen frutos tanto de especies pioneras como de especies persistentes, mientras que S. lilium únicamente se alimenta de especies pioneras. Durante la época seca A. lituratus y C. perspicillata presentaron una mayor diversidad y riqueza de especies consumidas dentro de la REBIMA, en tanto que en la época de lluvia mostraron mayor diversidad y riqueza dentro de PDLG; es decir, la diversidad de semillas colectadas por ambos dispersores responde a la época anual. S. lilium presentó mayor riqueza y diversidad dentro de PDLG a lo largo del muestreo indicando preferencia por frutos establecidos en estadios tempranos en la sucesión vegetal.This study examined the feeding habits of three species of frugivorous bats in relation to their role as seed dispersers in two localities, one in a Neotropical rainforest area in the southern part of the Montes Azules Biosphere Reserve (REBIMA, and the other in Ejido Playón de la Gloria (PDLG. We estimated the relative abundance of Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata and Sturnira lilium. We determined the diversity and the successional category of fruits consumed by these species in both localities through the identification of seeds in their feces. The plant species diversity based on successional category showed that A. lituratus and C

  7. O lucro à luz do conceito de preservação da riqueza

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    Cláudio Wasserman

    2003-10-01

    Full Text Available As informações contábeis muitas vezes empregam uma terminologia complexa que se torna pouco acessível à maioria dos usuários. A Contabilidade pode utilizar mais intensamente conceitos econômicos para melhorar a comunicação com seus usuários. Este artigo, partindo da definição de lucro do economista inglês James Hicks, apresenta os vários conceitos de lucro em termos de preservação da riqueza, com o objetivo de tornar a informação contábil mais útil no processo de decisão. O lucro, mensurado a custo histórico, a preços correntes de entrada, pelo equivalente corrente de caixa, pelo cálculo do valor presente e pelo valor de mercado, tem uma formulação própria para cada tipo de mensuração. São apresentados exemplos numéricos no tópico que trata do lucro mensurado a valor presente. O lucro à luz do conceito de preservação da riqueza, apresentado neste artigo, é de grande relevância, porque recepcionado pela teoria econômica. O uso desse conceito pela Contabilidade pode ser de valiosa ajuda ao objetivo básico das demonstrações contábeis, que é o de prover informações úteis para a tomada de decisões econômicas.Accounting information often uses a complex terminology that is not so friendly to most users. Accounting may use economic concepts in a more intense way in order to improve communication with its users. Starting from the English economist James Hicks' definition of income, this paper presents several concepts of income according to the concept of wealth preservation, with a view to turning accounting information more useful in the decision process. Income, which is measured in terms of Historical Cost, Current Cost, Net Realization Value, Present Value of Future Cash Flows and Market Value, has a specific formulation for each kind. Numerical examples are shown under the topic about income measured by the Present Value of Future Cash Flow method. The study of income with regard to wealth

  8. A novel association between Rhodnius neglectus and the Livistona australis palm tree in an urban center foreshadowing the risk of Chagas disease transmission by vectorial invasions in Monte Alto City, São Paulo, Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carvalho, Danila B; Almeida, Carlos E; Rocha, Cláudia S; Gardim, Sueli; Mendonça, Vagner J; Ribeiro, Aline R; Alves, Zulimar C P V T; Ruellas, Kellem T; Vedoveli, Alan; da Rosa, João A

    2014-02-01

    After several public notifications of domiciliary invasions, palm trees were investigated in downtown Monte Alto City, São Paulo State, Brazil, in proximity to the city hall building, the main church, condominiums and marketing establishments. One hundred seventy four palm trees of 10 species were investigated, in which 72 specimens of Rhodnius neglectus, a potential Chagas disease vector, were captured via manual methods. All insects were collected from dead leaves, organic debris and bird nests in the only three Livistona australis palm trees in the central park square. This was the first record of R. neglectus colonizing this palm species. Although no Trypanosoma cruzi was found by abdominal compression followed by light microscopy, the poor nutritional status of the bugs hampered the examination of gut contents for parasite detection. Furthermore, the central crowns of the trees, which shelter bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia), could not be carefully searched for insects due to difficult access. This new finding highlights the sudden alteration in insect behavior, probably as a result of man's interference. This report aims to warn those involved in the health system about this new threat, justifying detailed research of the area to evaluate the magnitude of this emerging public health issue. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. Historia natural del piche llorón Chaetophractus vellerosus (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Dasypodidae Natural history of the screaming hairy armadillo Chaetophractus vellerosus (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Dasypodidae

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    AGUSTÍN M ABBA

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan nuevos aportes sobre la historia natural del piche llorón Chaetophractus vellerosus (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Dasypodidae. Los estudios de campo fueron llevados a cabo en 100 ha de un establecimiento ganadero de la localidad de Magdalena, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Durante dos años (2006-2008 se realizó un muestreo estacional de armadillos por captura y recaptura. Se obtuvieron datos de hábitos alimentarios, uso del espacio y del tiempo, comportamiento, termorregulación, datos poblacionales y morfológicos. Se realizaron 237 capturas de un total de 136 individuos. En la dieta el ítem principal registrado fue insectos coleópteros, seguido por material vegetal y pequeños mamíferos; se observó una diferencia estacional en los hábitos alimentarios dada por una marcada caída de la ocurrencia de coleópteros durante la primavera. Durante las estaciones frías concentran su actividad al mediodía y primeras horas de la tarde y durante las estaciones cálidas el horario medio de actividad se da durante la tarde-noche. Seleccionan los suelos calcáreos arenosos y los pastizales de baja altura y alta cobertura de vegetación. El área de acción media registrada fue de 2670 m². Son individuos asociales, con comportamiento diferente entre las estaciones y seleccionan los montes de tala para refugiarse. La temperatura rectal mostró correlaciones positivas con la temperatura ambiente y el peso. La proporción de sexos fue cercana a uno y no se observó dimorfismo sexual. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan con lo observado para la especie en otras áreas distantes y con diferentes condiciones ambientales. Este trabajo representa un aporte en varios aspectos poco estudiados de una población aislada y bajo importantes presiones de uso y modificación de hábitat que la pueden llevar a la extinción en un mediano plazo.This contribution presents new data about the natural history of the screaming hairy

  10. Xenarthra (Mammalia) from a new late Neogene fossiliferous locality in Northwestern Argentina

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zurita, Alfredo E.; Camacho, María; Miño-Boilini, Angel R.; Candela, Adriana M.; Cuadrelli, Francisco; Krmpotic, Cecilia M.; Solís, Natalia

    2017-12-01

    Northwestern Argentina contains one of the most complete continental late Neogene (ca. 9-2.58 Ma) fossiliferous sequences in South America, especially in the current territories of the Catamarca, Tucumán and Jujuy provinces. More precisely in Jujuy Province several localities bearing mainly fossil mammals have been reported at the Quebrada de Humahuaca in the Uquía, Maimará and Tilcara formations, in which the clade Xenarthra (Mammalia) is well-represented. In this scenario, the fossiliferous potential of other localities of Jujuy Province are less known, especially in those areas located at the northwest end of Argentina, bordering Bolivia in the Northern Puna. A new late Neogene fossiliferous locality near Calahoyo (3639 m.a.s.l), Jujuy Province, is here reported. The materials, belonging to Xenarthra, were exhumed from the base of the Tafna Formation which was deposited in a sedimentary basin by alluvial and/or fluvial currents, undergoing transitions of various lacustrine episodes. The taxa include the Tardigrada Pyramiodontherium bergi (Megatheriidae) and the Cingulata Eosclerocalyptus sp. (Glyptodontidae) and Macrochorobates chapalmalensis (Dasypodidae). From a biostratigraphic viewpoint, this assemblage suggests a Late Miocene-Pliocene age for the base of the Tafna Formation, and partially contradicts the supposed Plio-Pleistocene age of this unit. Finally, the new specimens here described indicate that Xenarthra were taxonomically and ecologically diverse during the late Neogene in the northwest end of Argentina, since they are represented by at least three main lineages (sloths, glyptodontids and armadillos).

  11. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras tan pobres?

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    Abel Ignacio López

    2001-01-01

    Full Text Available Landes, David. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras son tan pobres?, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1999, 604 páginas. ¿Porqué hay naciones pobres y naciones ricas y cuál es la contribución de la historia en la comprensión de esta cuestión? El autor entiende por cultura el espíritu de empresa, el conjunto de valores que guían la conducta de una población, el dominio de la ciencia, la tecnología y el espíritu racional.

  12. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras tan pobres?

    OpenAIRE

    Abel Ignacio López

    2010-01-01

    Landes, David. La riqueza y la pobreza de las naciones. ¿Por qué algunas son tan ricas y otras son tan pobres?, Barcelona, Editorial Crítica, 1999, 604 páginas. ¿Porqué hay naciones pobres y naciones ricas y cuál es la contribución de la historia en la comprensión de esta cuestión? El autor entiende por cultura el espíritu de empresa, el conjunto de valores que guían la conducta de una población, el dominio de la ciencia, la tecnología y el espíritu racional.

  13. ECOEMPREENDEDORISMO E COMPETÊNCIAS EMPREENDEDORAS: O CASO ECOEMPREENDEDOR TRANSFORMADOR DE RESÍDUO EM RIQUEZA

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    Stêvenis Moacir Moura da Fonseca

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo visa evidenciar as competências empreendedoras mais presentes no ecoempreendedor que inova na criação de produto que destina corretamente os resíduos de óleo de fritura usado, transformando-os em riqueza, sobretudo por sua contribuição ao meio ambiente através da reciclagem, contribuindo diretamente para a promoção de uma sociedade sustentável. Vale salientar que as observações das características empreendedoras se deram sob a perspectiva das competências empreendedoras descritas por McClelland, além de enfoques do empreendedorismo em recente literatura. Nesse sentido, foi necessário um contato direto com o empreendedor, na sua empresa. Uma entrevista semiestruturada foi realizada com o empreendedor e os resultados apresentados foram obtidos através das informações oriundas da aplicação de um questionário respondido pelo mesmo. Através desse estudo de caso, chegou-se à conclusão que todas as competências foram identificadas, sobretudo busca de oportunidades, iniciativa e busca de informações.

  14. Host Switching in Lyssavirus History from the Chiroptera to the Carnivora Orders

    Science.gov (United States)

    Badrane, Hassan; Tordo, Noël

    2001-01-01

    Lyssaviruses are unsegmented RNA viruses causing rabies. Their vectors belong to the Carnivora and Chiroptera orders. We studied 36 carnivoran and 17 chiropteran lyssaviruses representing the main genotypes and variants. We compared their genes encoding the surface glycoprotein, which is responsible for receptor recognition and membrane fusion. The glycoprotein is the main protecting antigen and bears virulence determinants. Point mutation is the main force in lyssavirus evolution, as Sawyer's test and phylogenetic analysis showed no evidence of recombination. Tests of neutrality indicated a neutral model of evolution, also supported by globally high ratios of synonymous substitutions (dS) to nonsynonymous substitutions (dN) (>7). Relative-rate tests suggested similar rates of evolution for all lyssavirus lineages. Therefore, the absence of recombination and similar evolutionary rates make phylogeny-based conclusions reliable. Phylogenetic reconstruction strongly supported the hypothesis that host switching occurred in the history of lyssaviruses. Indeed, lyssaviruses evolved in chiropters long before the emergence of carnivoran rabies, very likely following spillovers from bats. Using dated isolates, the average rate of evolution was estimated to be roughly 4.3 × 10−4 dS/site/year. Consequently, the emergence of carnivoran rabies from chiropteran lyssaviruses was determined to have occurred 888 to 1,459 years ago. Glycoprotein segments accumulating more dN than dS were distinctly detected in carnivoran and chiropteran lyssaviruses. They may have contributed to the adaptation of the virus to the two distinct mammal orders. In carnivoran lyssaviruses they overlapped the main antigenic sites, II and III, whereas in chiropteran lyssaviruses they were located in regions of unknown functions. PMID:11483755

  15. Riqueza específica de vertebrados en un bosque reforestado del Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca, México Species richness of vertebrates in a reforested woodland of the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico

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    Jessica Mariana Sánchez-Jasso

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo documenta la riqueza específica de vertebrados de un bosque reforestado del Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca (PNNT Estado de México, México. Se identificaron 85 especies totales, de las cuales 24 especies son endémicas de México, 14 especies se encuentran en alguna categoría de riesgo de acuerdo con la NOM-059 (SEMARNAT, 2010 y 3 especies en la lista roja de la UICN. Aun cuando la zona de estudio representa apenas el 0.42% de la superficie total del PNNT, la riqueza de vertebrados encontrada constituye el 11.37% de la riqueza total en el Estado de México, lo cual destaca la importancia de este espacio y una urgente necesidad de establecer estrategias de manejo que garanticen la conservación de las especies y su hábitat.This paper documents the richness of vertebrates in reforested woodlands inside the Nevado de Toluca National Park, State of Mexico, Mexico. A total of 85 species were identified, of which 24 species are endemic to Mexico, 14 species are in some risk category according to NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 and 3 species in the IUCN Red List. Even though the study area accounts for 0.42% of the total area of the Nevado de Toluca National Park, the richness of vertebrates in this area includes 11.37% of the total richness in the State of Mexico, highlighting the importance of the area and an urgent need to establish management strategies for its conservation.

  16. The effect of daytime rain on the Indian Flying Fox (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus

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    S. Baskaran

    2016-02-01

    Full Text Available Excessive water loss during the day due to heat stress in bats of the genus Pteropus appears to be inevitable, because these bats are exposed to direct sunlight.  Rain also affects the rest pattern of the Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus during the day.  When rain occurred during the day, most of the bats hung in a slanting position and did not exhibit any movements.  After rain, they licked both ventral and dorsal surfaces of the wing membrane and scratched their body with their thumb claws.  They also licked the water droplets that remained on the leaves and branches of the tree.  Even though their rest had been affected by the rain the bats utilized the water droplets to quench their thirst, cool their body and clean their fur.  The construction of water reservoirs near Pteropus roosts will help to assure their long-term conservation. 

  17. Bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera in restinga in the municipality of Jaguaruna, south of Santa Catarina, Brazil

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    Fernando Carvalho

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available This study aimed to elucidate the diversity of bats in two forest fragments in an area of restinga in the municipality of Jaguaruna, south of Santa Catarina. We performed 18 nights of sampling between November 2006 and September 2008, using in each night’s collection five mist nets installed at ground level, open for six hours after sunset. The Shannon index of diversity (H’ and the expected richness (Jackkinife first order were calculated for the total sampled area. We captured 135 individuals belonging to nine species and two families (Phyllostomidae = 5; Vespertilionidae = 4. Sturnira lilium was the most abundant species (40% of the sample. The diversity index was 1.75 and the estimated richness was 9.94. The observed richness represents 21.5% of the bat fauna recorded in the restinga area of Brazil. The diversity index recorded is close to that observed in other studies on areas of restinga. Studies that provide data on richness and abundance of species in restingas are very important, given the lack of studies on this ecosystem, especially regarding bats and the anthropogenic pressure that they are suffering.

  18. Mamíferos de la Reserva de la Biosfera "La Sepultura", Chiapas, México

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    Eduardo Espinoza Medinilla

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Con el objeto de conocer la riqueza de mamíferos de la Reserva de la Biosfera La Sepultura, fue elaborado un listado de especies para esta área natural protegida. Através de transectos lineales, donde se realizaron observaciones directas, búsqueda de rastros y captura de ejemplares, durante el periodo de mayo de 1994 a diciembre de 1999, además de la revisión de bases de datos nacionales y extranjeras; con registros de esta localidad, se pudo recolectar 848 especimenes (248 pieles y cráneos, 32 huellas en molde de yeso y nueve fragmentos óseos. Se obtuvo un listado compuesto de 98 especies, 70 géneros, 29 familias y 10 órdenes. El 86.7 % de estas especies pertenecen a los órdenes Chiroptera, Rodentia y Carnivora. Por lo menos 21 especies están clasificadas dentro de alguna categoría de conservación. Los datos obtenidos de este manuscrito son una base sólida y actualizada y pueden ser usados como parte de los planes de manejo y conservación para esta reservaA species list was elaborated for La Sepultura Biosphere Reserve, Chiapas, Mexico. Line transects and direct observations were made, national and international databases were consulted, and animal traces were registered. Animals were captured during the period May 1994 - December 1999. A total of 848 specimen (248 furs and skulls, 32 tracks in plaster, and 9 osseous fragments were collected. A total of 98 species, 70 genera, 29 families, and 10 orders compose the species list. Of these species 87.7% belong to the orders Chiroptera, Rodentia and Carnivora and 21 species were classified according to some kind of legal protection. These data represent a solid and actualized database useful for designing management and conservation plans for this Biosphere Reserve

  19. Can they dig it? Functional morphology and semifossoriality among small-eared shrews, genus Cryptotis (Mammalia, Soricidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woodman, Neal; Gaffney, Sarah A.

    2014-01-01

    Small-eared shrews (Mammalia: Soricidae: Cryptotis), exhibit modifications of the forelimb skeleton that have been interpreted as adaptations for semifossoriality. Most species inhabit remote regions, however, and their locomotory and foraging behaviors remain mostly speculative. To better understand the morphological modifications in the absence of direct observations, we quantified variation in these species by measuring 151 individuals representing 18 species and populations of Cryptotis and two species of moles (Talpidae) for comparison. From our measurements, we calculated 22 indices, most of which have been used previously to characterize substrate use among rodents and other taxa. We analyzed the indices using 1) average percentile ranks, 2) principal components analysis, and 3) cluster analysis. From these analyses, we determined that three basic modes of substrate adaptation are present within Cryptotis: 1) a primarily terrestrial mode, with species that are capable of burrowing, but lack adaptations to increase digging efficiency, 2) a semifossorial mode, with species whose forelimbs bones show strong muscle attachment areas and increased mechanical advantage, and 3) an intermediate mode. In addition to identifying new morphological characters and contributing to our understanding of the functional morphology of soricids, these analyses provide additional insight into the ecology of the species of interest.

  20. Durettenema guangdongense gen. et sp. nov. (Nematoda: Molineoidea) from Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield) (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) with discussion of the taxonomic status of Macielia rhinolophi Yin, 1980.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ju, Hui-Dong; Li, Liang; Zhang, Lu-Ping

    2017-09-26

    Durettenema guangdongense gen. et sp. nov. is described from Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield) (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) in Guangdong Province, China. The new genus differs from the other genera of subfamily Molineinae in the structure of the synlophe, the absence of lateral alae, the arrangement of the bursa rays, the shape of the spicules, the female tail and the presence of gubernaculum. Meanwhile, considering the morphological characters of Macielia rhinolophi Yin, 1980, including the pattern of the bursa ray, the shape of the spicules, and the female tail, this species should be transferred to the genus Durettenema, as D. rhinolophi (Yin, 1980) comb. nov., which can be distinguished from D. guangdongense in the shape of the ovejector. In addition, the ITS-1 sequences of D. guangdongense were also analysed, these sequence added new data for the molecular diagnosis of trichostrongylid nematodes.

  1. A GEOGRAFIA DA ACUMULAÇÃO – REFLEXÕES ACERCA DOS TERRITÓRIOS DO TRABALHO ABSTRATO E DA RIQUEZA ABSTRATA

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    Wagnervalter Dutra Júnior

    2012-07-01

    Full Text Available O presente artigo busca analisar as bases territoriais da contradição capital x trabalho, expressa na constituição dos territórios do trabalho abstrato e da riqueza abstrata, constituídos pelos pressupostos espaciais da reprodução ampliada. Os ajustes espaçotemporais que tomaram feição global com o imperialismo são fundamentais para a mundialização do capital e das finanças, apreendendo o trabalho humano nos meandros das escalas circunscritas pelo valor de troca. As formas de mobilidade do capital e do trabalho acabam por atestar a mundialidade da dialética da dependência, centro e periferia são subsumidos à universalização do valor de troca.

  2. Aspectos sobre a biologia de Tonatia bidens (Spix no estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae Biological aspects of Tonatia bidens (Spix in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae

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    Carlos E. L. Esbérard

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available A biologia de Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823 foi estudada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, sudeste do Brasil. Um total de 76 morcegos foi capturado usando redes de neblina e redes manuais para insetos em refúgios diurnos. Algumas observações dos morcegos em cativeiro foram incluídas. Machos compreenderam 47% das capturas. Fêmeas prenhas foram observadas em novembro e maio, e fêmeas lactantes em janeiro, abril e maio. Animais subadultos foram registrados em dezembro, fevereiro, maio e julho. Os restos de presas observadas em refúgios de alimentação demonstram a dieta insetívora e carnívora deste morcego. O comportamento alimentar é similar a de outras espécies carnívoras de morcegos Phyllostomidae.The biology of Tonatia bidens (Spix, 1823 was studied at Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil. A total of 76 bats was captured using mist nets or using hand nets during sampling in diurnal roosts. Some observations of bats in captivity are also included. Males comprised 47% of the captures. Pregnant females were observed in November and May and lactant females in January, April and May. Subadult animals were recorded in December, February, May and July. The prey remains observed in feeding roosts demonstrates the insectivorous and carnivorous diet of this bats. The feeding behavior is similar to other carnivorous species of phyllostomid bats.

  3. Diet of the fishing bat Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus (Mammalia, Chiroptera in a mangrove area of southern Brazil Dieta do morcego-pescador Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus (Mammalia, Chiroptera em uma área de manguezal do sul do Brasil

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    Marcelo O. Bordignon

    2006-03-01

    Full Text Available From January to December 1999, the diet of Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758 was determined in a salt-water ecosystem, by analysing the feces of bats captured in mist nets. Of the 61 samples analyzed, most contained remains of fish (90.2%, followed by insects (70.5% and crustaceous (29.5%. The most frequent fishes species were: silversides Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825, anchovies Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829 and scaly sardines Ophisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818. The most frequent insects were moths (Saturniidae and beetles (Cerambycidae, Scarabaeidae and Coccinellidae, as well as two species of bat ectoparasites (Streblidae. Among the crustaceous the shrimp (Palaemonidae and crabs (Gecarcinidae are was present. The consumption of fish, insects and crustaceans was different for the males and females throughout the year.De janeiro a dezembro de 1999, foi estudada a dieta de Noctilio leporinus (Linnaeus, 1758 em um ecossistema de manguezal, através da análise das fezes de morcegos capturados com redes-neblina. Das 61 amostras analisadas, a maioria continha fragmentos de peixes (90.2%, seguido de insetos (70.5% e crustáceos (29,5%. As espécies de peixes mais freqüentes foram: peixe-rei Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825, manjuba Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829 e sardinha Ophisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818. Os insetos mais freqüentes foram mariposas (Saturniidae e besouros (Cerambycidae, Scarabaeidae e Coccinellidae, além de duas espécies de ectoparasitas (Streblidae. Entre os crustáceos, houve a presença apenas de camarões (Palaemonidae e siris (Gecarcinidae. O consumo de peixes, insetos e crustáceos foi diferente para machos e fêmeas ao longo do ano.

  4. Predação de morcegos por Chrotopterus auritus (Peters (Mammalia, Chiroptera no pantanal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil Bat predation by Chrotopterus auritus (Peters (Mammalia, Chiroptera in pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

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    Marcelo Oscar Bordignon

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Foi registrada a predação de Carollia perspiscillata (Linnaeus, 1758 e Peropterix macrotis (Wagner, 1843 por Chrotopterus autitus (Peters, 1856 em uma caverna na morraria do Urucum em Corumbá, centro-oeste do Brasil. Os fragmentos de asas e um crânio encontrados sob o local de pouso de C. auritus junto às fezes, após comparados com material de coleção, mostraram que este morcego alimenta-se oportunamente de outras espécies de morcegos ocupantes do mesmo abrigo.The predation of Carollia perspiscillata (Linnaeus, 1758 and Peropterix macrotis (Wagner, 1843 by Chrotopterus auritus (Peters, 1856 was registered in a cave at Urucum's mountains of Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The wing fragments and cranium finded under feces deposites, in replace point of C. auritus, were comparated with colection reference material and revealed that C. auritus can eat occasionaly other bat species that inhabit in same roost.

  5. Os efeitos da subvenção governamental frente à elisão fiscal e a geração de riqueza = The effects of government subsidy towards tax avoidance and wealth generation

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    Rodrigo de Souza Gonçalves

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa analisa se as empresas abertas brasileiras que receberam subvenções governamentais apresentaram maior nível de elisão fiscal (tax avoidance e se geraram mais riqueza para a sociedade no ano de 2014, quando comparadas a empresas que não receberam tais subvenções. O estudo é de natureza quantitativa. Foram analisados os indicadores de elisão fiscal (Effective Tax Rate – ETR, segundo Hanlon e Heitzman (2010, de geração de riqueza (Quociente entre o Valor Adicionado bruto e o Faturamento – QVAF e de distribuição de riqueza (Índice de Distribuição do Valor Adicionado – IDVA. A amostra contempla 64 empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA, divididas em dois grupos de 32, comparadas em relação ao seu porte e setor de atuação. Como resultado verificou-se que as empresas recebedoras de subvenções governamentais apresentaram um maior nível de elisão em relação aos tributos sobre o lucro e agregaram menos valor aos seus bens e serviços produzidos e comercializados. Contudo, tais empresas geraram um maior valor adicionado total, apresentando uma maior distribuição relativa de riqueza para pagamento de tributos (32,44% e de pessoal (25,05%, justificando assim os incentivos fiscais no ano estudado. This research examines whether the listed Brazilian companies that received government grants got higher tax avoidance and have generated more wealth for the society in 2014, when compared to companies that did not receive such grants. The study is quantitative in nature and it considers indicators of tax avoidance (Effective Tax Rate - ETR according to Hanlon and Heitzman (2010, of wealth generation (Quotient between the Gross Value Added and billing -QVAF and of wealth distribution (Value Added Distribution Index - IDVA. The sample includes 64 companies listed on the BM & FBOVESPA, divided into two groups of 32 companies each, compared in relation to their size and activity sector. As a result, it was found out that the

  6. Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae

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    Koretsky I.A.

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Remarks on Correlations and Implications of the Mandibular Structure and Diet in Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae. Koretsky, I. A., Rahmat, S. J., Peters, N. — The diverse representatives of Recent seals within the three extant subfamilies (Cystophorinae, Phocinae, Monachinae of the family Phocidae exhibit dietary variations among species, feeding on invertebrates and a diversity of prey depending on the season and availability. To explain this variability, an introductory morphological examination of the mandibular structure of Recent seals from each subfamily was performed, focusing on: heights of the mandibular ramus and condyloid process; measurements of the masseteric fossa; and attachments of muscles of mastication. After measuring the condyloid angles (the inclination of the condyloid process in relation to the axis of the alveolar row among the examined species, a correlation between the size ofthe angle, function, and diet was recognized. Seals with a tall mandibular ramus and greater condyloid angle (Cystophorinae feed on larger-sized prey, while seals with a shorter ramus and lesser condyloid angle feed on small (Monachinae to medium-sized (Phocinae prey, regardless of the overall size of the seal. This study focused on the mandibular morphology of some living and fossil representatives of Phocidae, providing an association between functional and ecological interpretations of modern seals in general and extrapolating this knowledge for fossil dietary preference.

  7. Karyotypic evolution in family Hipposideridae (Chiroptera, Mammalia) revealed by comparative chromosome painting, G- and C-banding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mao, Xiu-Guang; Wang, Jin-Huan; Su, Wei-Ting; Wang, Ying-Xiang; Yang, Feng-Tang; Nie, Wen-Hui

    2010-10-01

    Comparing to its sister-family (Rhinolophidae), Hipposideridae was less studied by cytogenetic approaches. Only a few high-resolution G-banded karyotypes have been reported so far, and most of the conclusions on the karyotypic evolution in Hipposideridae were based on conventional Giemsa-staining. In this study, we applied comparative chromosome painting, a method of choice for genome-wide comparison at the molecular level, and G- and C-banding to establish comparative map between five hipposiderid species from China, using a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from one of them (Aselliscus stoliczkanus). G-band and C-band comparisons between homologous segments defined by chromosome painting revealed that Robertsonian translocations, paracentric inversions and heterochromatin addition could be the main mechanism of chromosome evolution in Hipposideridae. Comparative analysis of the conserved chromosomal segments among five hipposiderid species and outgroup species suggests that bi-armed chromosomes should be included into the ancestral karyotype of Hipposideridae, which was previously believed to be exclusively composed of acrocentric chromosomes.

  8. Habitat use and seasonal activity of insectivorous bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera in the grasslands of southern Brazil

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    Marília A. S. Barros

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available In temperate zones, insectivorous bats use some types of habitat more frequently than others, and are more active in the warmest periods of the year. We assessed the spatial and seasonal activity patterns of bats in open areas of the southernmost region of Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that bat activity differs among habitat types, among seasons, and is influenced by weather variables. We monitored four 1,500-m transects monthly, from April 2009 to March 2010. Transects corresponded to the five habitat types that predominate in the region. In each sampling session, we detected and counted bat passes with an ultrasound detector (Pettersson D230 and measured climatic variables at the transects. We recorded 1,183 bat passes, and observed the highest activity at the edge of a eucalyptus stand (0.64 bat passes/min and along an irrigation channel (0.54 bat passes/min. The second highest activity values (0.31 and 0.20 bat passes/min, respectively were obtained at the edge of a riparian forest and at the margin of a wetland. The grasslands were used significantly less (0.05 bat passes/min. Bat activity was significantly lower in the winter (0.21 bat passes/min and showed similar values in the autumn (0.33 bat passes/min, spring (0.26 bat passes/min, and summer (0.29 bat passes/min. Bat activity was correlated with temperature, but it was not correlated with wind speed and relative humidity of the air. Our data suggest that, in the study area, insectivorous bats are active throughout the year, and use mostly forest and watercourses areas. These habitat types should be considered prioritary for the conservation of bats in the southernmost region of Brazil.

  9. Patterns of morphological variation amongst semifossorial shrews in the highlands of Guatemala, with the description of a new species (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woodman, Neal

    2011-01-01

    Members of the Cryptotis goldmani group of small-eared shrews (Mammalia, Soricomorpha, Soricidae) represent a clade within the genus that is characterized by modifications of the forelimb that include broadened forefeet, elongated and broadened foreclaws, and massive humeri with enlarged processes. These modifications are consistent with greater adaptation to their semifossorial habits than other members of the genus. The species in this group occur discontinuously in temperate highlands from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico, to Honduras. In Guatemala, there are three species: the relatively widespread Cryptotis goodwini and two species (Cryptotis lacertosus, Cryptotis mam) endemic to highland forests in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of western Guatemala. Ongoing studies focusing on the relationships of variation in cranial and postcranial skeletal morphology have revealed a fourth species from remnant cloud forest in the Sierra de Yalijux, central Guatemala. In this paper, I describe this new species and characterize its morphology relative to other species in the C. goldmani group and to other species of Cryptotis in Guatemala. In addition, I summarize available details of its habitat and ecology.

  10. Análise da geração e distribuição da riqueza originada pelas empresas que compõem o IBOVESPA por meio da DVA = Analysis of the generation and distribution of wealth generated by companies that make up the IBOVESPA through DVA

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    Fábio Klöppel

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available A Demonstração do Valor Adicionado - DVA - tornou-se obrigatória com a Lei 11.638/07 e ficou conhecida por apresentar, no mesmo documento, informações de natureza econômica: geração de riqueza; e social: distribuição de riqueza. Com isso, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo verificar como ocorre a geração e a distribuição do valor adicionado. A amostra é constituída de 36 empresas que compõem o IBOVESPA, representando os setores de Construção e Transporte, Financeiros e Outros, Materiais Básicos, Telecomunicações e Utilidade Pública. Para isto, foram analisadas as DVAs publicadas nos exercícios de 2007 a 2010. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como descritiva, documental, com abordagem quanti e qualitativa, realizada com o auxílio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram, na média do período, que o setor Financeiro foi o que mais gerou riqueza (92,6% com a atividade fim e o setor de Construção e Transportes o que menos gerou (81,3%. Em relação à destinação da riqueza gerada no período, mais da metade dos setores destinaram a maior parte da riqueza para o Governo, com destaque para o setor de Telecomunicações (60,1%. No geral, constata-se que os setores destinaram 38,5% da riqueza para remuneração do Governo; 24,8% para a Remuneração de Capital Próprio; 19,5% para Capital de Terceiros e 17,2% para remuneração dos Colaboradores.The Value Added Statement - VAS - became mandatory with the Law 11.638/07 and it has become known to show, on the same statement, information of economic nature: the generation of wealth; as well as social naturel: the distribution of wealth. Thus, this research aims at verifying how the generation and distribution of added value occurs. The sample consists of 36 companies that comprise the Bovespa Index, representing the Construction, Transportation, Financial, and other sectors, as well as Basic Materials, Telecommunications and Utilities. For this, the VAS

  11. Diet of the Tawny Owl Strix aluco in the area of Slovenske gorice (NE Slovenia

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    Janžekovič Franc

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available The diet of Tawny Owl Strix aluco was studied in the area of Slovenske gorice - NE Slovenia. The analysis was carried out by examining pellets collected at ten locations in the period from 1984 to 2015. From the pellets, 2,121 prey units were isolated. The predominant prey were mammals (Mammalia, 84.8%, followed by birds (Aves, 8.3%, insects (Insecta, 4.7%, frogs (Anura, 1.6% and earthworms (Oligochaeta, 0.5%. Four orders of mammals were found: rodents (Rodentia, insectivores (Insectivora, bats (Chiroptera and carnivores (Carnivora. The most frequent prey in the owls’ diet were voles (Arvicolinae, 46.6% and mice (Murinae, 28.8%, while the number of shrews (Soricidae was low (4.5%. The obtained results are in concordance with the conclusions of other studies. In the area of Slovenske gorice, the Tawny Owl is an opportunistic predator of small mammals with an emphasis on voles and mice. Prey frequencies differ significantly among some localities. Variability in proportions of prey species among localities can also be the result of sampling carried out in different seasons and variability in the population dynamics of small mammals among years. Challenges for future research are to describe seasonal variability of the diet and to evaluate interspecific competition within the guild of night predators of small mammals: Tawny Owl, Long-eared Owl Asio otus, and Barn Owl Tyto alba, which are sympatric in this area.

  12. Nuevos aportes a la historia natural de la mulita pampeana Dasypus hybridus (Mammalia, Dasypodidae

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    Agustín M. Abba

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presentan nuevos aportes sobre la historia natural de la mulita pampeana Dasypus hybridus (Desmarest, 1804 (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae. Los estudios de campo fueron llevados a cabo en 100 ha de cuatro establecimientos agropecuarios de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Durante tres años se realizó un muestreo estacional de armadillos por captura y liberación. Se obtuvieron datos de hábitos alimentarios, uso del espacio y del tiempo, comportamiento, termorregulación, datos poblacionales y morfológicos. Se realizaron 71 capturas. En la dieta el ítem principal registrado fue material vegetal, seguido por hormigas e insectos coleópteros; no se observó una diferencia estacional en los hábitos alimentarios. La actividad de las mulitas se concentra durante el día, existió una baja en la frecuencia de observación durante las estaciones frías (otoño e invierno. La mulita pampeana prefiere suelos húmicos, terrenos altos y pastizales densos y altos; asimismo seleccionan los montes para refugiarse. Son individuos asociales. La temperatura rectal mostró correlaciones positivas con la temperatura ambiente. La proporción de sexos fue cercana a uno y no se observó dimorfismo sexual. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan parcialmente con lo observado para otras especies del género, destacando las tendencias observadas en los hábitos alimentarios y en la estrategia termorregulatoria. Este trabajo representa un aporte en varios aspectos de una especie poco estudiada en una zona bajo importantes presiones de uso y modificación de hábitat.

  13. Abundancia y riqueza de moluscos y crustáceos asociados a las raíces sumergidas del mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle en la laguna de Bocaripo, Sucre, Venezuela

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    Jennellis Cedeño

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available Las raíces de mangle son un importante hábitat para muchas especies. Se estudió la abundancia y riqueza de moluscos y crustáceos asociadas a las raíces sumergidas de Rhizophora mangle. Las muestras fueron recolectadas entre febrero 2005 y enero 2006, en la laguna de Bocaripo, costa norte del estado Sucre, Venezuela. Se establecieron cinco estaciones en la laguna; al azar en cada estación se escogieron dos raíces de mangle, fueron introducidas en bolsas plásticas; los organismos fueron obtenidos de la raíz raspando la superficie con un cuchillo, luego fueron separados y fijados en formalina al 10% para su posterior identificación. Se recolectaron 1 092 especimenes de moluscos, distribuidos en dos clases: Bivalvia y Gastropoda. La clase Bivalvia fue la más abundante con 943 individuos. La familia más representativa fue Mytilidae con 6 especies, siendo Musculus lateralis la especie dominante. Los crustáceos estuvieron representados por 372 organismos, pertenecientes a la clase Malacostraca, donde Panopeus herbstii (169 ind. fue la especie más abundante. Las familias Panopeidae, Porcellanidae y Majidae presentaron el mayor número de especies. La máxima abundancia se encontró en febrero (224 ind. con una riqueza de 25 especies y la mínima en noviembre (45 ind. con 12. Las estaciones 1 y 5 presentaron la mayor abundancia y riqueza de organismos, lo cual pudiera estar relacionado con condiciones ambientales favorables, como la mayor disponibilidad de microhábitats y oferta alimenticia; por el contrario la estación 4, presentó un ambiente más inhóspito, debido a los altos valores en la salinidad y temperatura, lo cual contribuye con la menor abundancia y riqueza de las especies presentes.Abundance and richness of mollusks and crustaceans associated to the submerged roots of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle at Bocaripo Lagoon, Sucre, Venezuela. Mangrove roots are important habitats for many species. The abundance and richness of

  14. Karyotype evolution in Rhinolophus bats (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera) illuminated by cross-species chromosome painting and G-banding comparison.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mao, Xiuguang; Nie, Wenhui; Wang, Jinhuan; Su, Weiting; Ao, Lei; Feng, Qing; Wang, Yingxiang; Volleth, Marianne; Yang, Fengtang

    2007-01-01

    Rhinolophus (Rhinolophidae) is the second most speciose genus in Chiroptera and has extensively diversified diploid chromosome numbers (from 2n = 28 to 62). In spite of many attempts to explore the karyotypic evolution of this genus, most studies have been based on conventional Giemsa staining rather than G-banding. Here we have made a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from flow-sorted chromosomes of Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Hipposideridae). These probes have been utilized to establish the first genome-wide homology maps among six Rhinolophus species with four different diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 36, 44, 58, and 62) and three species from other families: Rousettus leschenaulti (2n = 36, Pteropodidae), Hipposideros larvatus (2n = 32, Hipposideridae), and Myotis altarium (2n = 44, Vespertilionidae) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. To facilitate integration with published maps, human paints were also hybridized to A. stoliczkanus chromosomes. Our painting results substantiate the wide occurrence of whole-chromosome arm conservation in Rhinolophus bats and suggest that Robertsonian translocations of different combinations account for their karyotype differences. Parsimony analysis using chromosomal characters has provided some new insights into the Rhinolophus ancestral karyotype and phylogenetic relationships among these Rhinolophus species so far studied. In addition to Robertsonian translocations, our results suggest that whole-arm (reciprocal) translocations involving multiple non-homologous chromosomes as well could have been involved in the karyotypic evolution within Rhinolophus, in particular those bats with low and medium diploid numbers.

  15. Evolution of the placenta and associated reproductive characters in bats

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Carter, Anthony M; Mess, Andrea

    2008-01-01

    Recent advances in molecular phylogenetics indicate that the order Chiroptera is monophyletic and that one of four lineages of microbats (Rhinolophoidea) shares a common origin with megabats. Against this background we undertook a comprehensive analysis of placental evolution in bats. We defined...... that characterize higher-level clades within Chiroptera, i.e. the megabats and the four lineages of microbats. The character condition occurring in the last common ancestor of Chiroptera was unequivocal for 21 of the 25 characters included in the analysis. The data did not offer support for a megabat...

  16. Los Cynipidae (Hymenoptera de la Comunidad de Madrid: lista anotada, mapas de distribución, riqueza y estatus de conservación

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    Nieves-Aldrey, J. L.

    2006-05-01

    ha sido encontrada, junto a su área de distribución potencial en este territorio. Se comentan distintos aspectos sobre la riqueza y distribución de los cinípidos de Madrid: especies de la fauna ibérica ausentes y otras que han de buscarse, especies raras y singulares junto a aquellas áreas de mayor riqueza de especies. El área de mayor riqueza del grupo se sitúa en una franja siguiendo el eje Guadalix-Venturada-Torrelaguna, de terrenos del Cretácico y del Terciario, que presenta también altas cifras de diversidad botánica de los géneros de plantas hospedantes del grupo, especialmente de fagáceas del género Quercus. Algunos enclaves del sureste de Madrid, ricos en especies singulares y raras de cinípidos de la tribu Aylacini, las áreas relictas de Q. petraea del nordeste de Madrid con especies exclusivas asociadas, así como los escasos enclaves remanentes de Quercus suber en la región, también con especies exclusivas de cinípidos asociadas, merecen la máxima protección por lo que respecta a la conservación de los cinípidos.

  17. Frequência e riqueza de cupins em áreas de plantio de eucalipto no litoral norte da Bahia

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    Maria José Dias Sales

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a frequência e a riqueza de espécies de cupins que ocorrem em áreas de reflorestamento com eucalipto. As amostras foram coletadas em três áreas de Eucalyptus recém-colhido, em dezembro de 2005, por meio de seis transectos de 100 m de comprimento por 2-m de largura, subdivididos em 20 parcelas (2x5 m contíguas. Cada parcela foi amostrada por uma hora por pessoa, e de cada subdivisão foram retiradas 12 amostras de 20x20x20 cm de profundidade, das quais foram coletadas 21-espécies de cupins, pertencentes a duas famílias e 16 gêneros. Dez espécies foram consideradas dominantes, todas da família Termitidae, das quais as de maior frequência foram Amitermes amifer e Nasutitermes corniger. O grupo funcional xilófago teve o maior número de espécies (11 e a maior frequência. Espécies conhecidas como pragas em eucalipto tiveram frequência abaixo do limite de dominância

  18. Molecules, morphometrics and new fossils provide an integrated view of the evolutionary history of Rhinopomatidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hulva, Pavel; Horácek, Ivan; Benda, Petr

    2007-09-14

    The Rhinopomatidae, traditionally considered to be one of the most ancient chiropteran clades, remains one of the least known groups of Rhinolophoidea. No relevant fossil record is available for this family. Whereas there have been extensive radiations in related families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, there are only a few species in the Rhinopomatidae and their phylogenetic relationship and status are not fully understood. Here we present (a) a phylogenetic analysis based on a partial cytochrome b sequence, (b) new fossils from the Upper Miocene site Elaiochoria 2 (Chalkidiki, Greece), which represents the first appearance datum of the family based on the fossil record, and (c) discussion of the phylogeographic patterns in both molecular and morphological traits. We found deep divergences in the Rhinopoma hardwickii lineage, suggesting that the allopatric populations in (i) Iran and (ii) North Africa and the Middle East should have separate species status. The latter species (R. cystops) exhibits a shallow pattern of isolation by distance (separating the Middle East and the African populations) that contrasts with the pattern of geographic variation in the morphometrical traits. A deep genetic gap was also found in Rhinopoma muscatellum (Iran vs. Yemen). We found only minute genetic distance between R. microphyllum from the Levant and India, which fails to support the sub/species distinctness of the Indian form (R. microphyllum kinneari). The mtDNA survey provided phylogenetic tree of the family Rhinopomatidae for the first time and revealed an unexpected diversification of the group both within R. hardwickii and R. muscatellum morphospecies. The paleobiogeographic scenario compiled in respect to molecular clock data suggests that the family originated in the region south of the Eocene Western Tethyan seaway or in India, and extended its range during the Early Miocene. The fossil record suggests a Miocene spread into the Mediterranean region, followed by a post-Miocene retreat. Morphological analysis compared with genetic data indicates considerable phenotypic plasticity in this group.

  19. Molecules, morphometrics and new fossils provide an integrated view of the evolutionary history of Rhinopomatidae (Mammalia: Chiroptera

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    Benda Petr

    2007-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The Rhinopomatidae, traditionally considered to be one of the most ancient chiropteran clades, remains one of the least known groups of Rhinolophoidea. No relevant fossil record is available for this family. Whereas there have been extensive radiations in related families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae, there are only a few species in the Rhinopomatidae and their phylogenetic relationship and status are not fully understood. Results Here we present (a a phylogenetic analysis based on a partial cytochrome b sequence, (b new fossils from the Upper Miocene site Elaiochoria 2 (Chalkidiki, Greece, which represents the first appearance datum of the family based on the fossil record, and (c discussion of the phylogeographic patterns in both molecular and morphological traits. We found deep divergences in the Rhinopoma hardwickii lineage, suggesting that the allopatric populations in (i Iran and (ii North Africa and the Middle East should have separate species status. The latter species (R. cystops exhibits a shallow pattern of isolation by distance (separating the Middle East and the African populations that contrasts with the pattern of geographic variation in the morphometrical traits. A deep genetic gap was also found in Rhinopoma muscatellum (Iran vs. Yemen. We found only minute genetic distance between R. microphyllum from the Levant and India, which fails to support the sub/species distinctness of the Indian form (R. microphyllum kinneari. Conclusion The mtDNA survey provided phylogenetic tree of the family Rhinopomatidae for the first time and revealed an unexpected diversification of the group both within R. hardwickii and R. muscatellum morphospecies. The paleobiogeographic scenario compiled in respect to molecular clock data suggests that the family originated in the region south of the Eocene Western Tethyan seaway or in India, and extended its range during the Early Miocene. The fossil record suggests a Miocene spread into the Mediterranean region, followed by a post-Miocene retreat. Morphological analysis compared with genetic data indicates considerable phenotypic plasticity in this group.

  20. Preliminary inventory of bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera in three Protected Areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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    André B. Malekani

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available As part of biodiversity monitoring in the Kisangani Forest Region, a survey of bats was conducted in three protected areas, specifically Lomami, Yangambi and Epulu. In this pilot study, a total of 201 specimens were collected using Japanese nets of different lengths (6, 9 and 12 m long and a height of 2 m with a mesh size of 2 × 2 cm to capture bats. Captured specimens were identified using determination keys appropriate for the study area. The results of inventories in the three sites revealed that 201 specimens of captured bats belong to 2 sub-orders, 4 families, 9 genera and 12 species. The most abundant species were Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermannii and Myotis bocagii. The following species, Epomops franqueti, Megaloglossus woermanii, Casinycteris argynnis, and Hipposideros caffer were found at all three sites. Based on the Shannon Index, it was observed that the Lomami site has a higher specific diversity than the two other areas (Yangambi and Epulu 1.74 against 1.51 and 1.42 respectively.

  1. Levantamento da quiropterofauna (Mammalia : Chiroptera) da Ilha de Cotijuba - PA, com observações sobre sua ecologia

    OpenAIRE

    ROCHA, Mônica Monteiro Barros da

    1999-01-01

    Investigações sobre a quiropterofauna da Amazônia revelam a ocorrência de no mínimo 135 espécies regionais, de hábitos alimentares variados- insetívoras, frugívoras, polinívoras, carnívoras e hematófagas. Os morcegos contribuem ao equilíbrio da biota amazônica por diferentes meios, por exemplo, controle populacional de insetos, dispersão de sementes e polinização. Potencialmente perigosos à saúde humana são os hematófagos portadores do vírus rábico. Os objetivos do estudo foram assim definido...

  2. Structure of a bat assemblage (Mammalia, Chiroptera in Serra do Caraça Reserve, South-east Brazil

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    Falcão Fábio de C.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The Serra do Caraça Reserve is situated in the southern portion of the Espinhaço Mountain Range, and contains areas of "campos de altitude", "cerrado" and atlantic forest. This study had as its objective the registering of the bats species that occur in the reserve. The data collection was carried out in one year through monthly samplings, using mist nets set on trails, and also through hand capture. A total of 246 individuals were collected (0.72 bats/net-hour, distributed across 15 species, belonging to the families Phyllostomidae (83.0%; nine species, Vespertilionidae (12.5%; three species and Molossidae (4.5%; three species. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (E. Geoffroy, 1810 (n = 121, 60.5%, Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821 (n = 21, 10.5% and Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810 (n = 10, 5.0%, and less represented were Lasiurus blossevilli (Lesson y Garnot, 1826 (n = 2, 1.0%, Eumops perotis (Schinz, 1821 (n = 2, 1.0% e Vampyressa pusilla (Wagner, 1843 (n = 1, 0.5%. The richness of species found and the non-occurrence of phyllostomines in the reserve could be indicative of some level of forest disturbance.

  3. Riqueza e distribuição de eucariontes unicelulares em três córregos sob influência antrópica na cidade de Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Colzani,Emílio; Alves,Maria Aparecida Martins

    2013-01-01

    Eucariontes unicelulares são abundantes na maioria dos ambientes aquáticos, contribuindo de várias maneiras nos ecossistemas, tais como produtores, consumidores primários e secundários, exercendo um importante papel no declínio e controle de comunidades bacterianas e ciclagem de nutrientes. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a riqueza e distribuição de eucariontes unicelulares no córrego Ponta Porã e seus principais afluentes, buscando possíveis relações com a qualidade de suas águas nos l...

  4. Estructura, riqueza y composición de plantas leñosas en el golfo de Tribugá, Chocó, Colombia

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    Galicano Gloria

    2001-07-01

    Full Text Available Se estudió la estructura, riqueza y composición florística del componente leñoso de los bosques del Golfo de Tribugá, Costa Pacífica del Chocó, Colombia, con base en el muestreo de los individuos con DAP?: 5 cm en dos transectos de 0.4 ha cada uno y en la información previamente publicada para una ha en la misma zona. Los bosques son estructuralmente homogéneos y están caracterizados por la abundancia de palmas arborescentes, la escasez de lianas y la alta frecuencia de raíces zancos. Comparados con otros bosques de la región del Chocó biogeográfico con precipitación similar, los bosques del Golfo de Tribugá son más pobres en especies de plantas leñosas (en promedio 29 especies > 10 cm DAP en 0.1 ha, tienen menos individuos (en promedio 48 individuos z 10 cm DAP en 0.1 ha, árboles más gruesos (en promedio 9.8% de los individuos> 40 cm DAP en 0.1 ha y un área basal mayor (en promedio 3.16 m? por 0.1 ha incluyendo individuos > 10 cm DAP. Estas diferencias parecen ser consistentes con la existencia de una correlación negativa entre la fertilidad del suelo y, la densidad y la riqueza de árboles. A pesar de que la abundancia de especies y familias fue igual en todos los sitios, la similitud en composición florística fue muy baja. Sólo hubo 10 especies > 10 cm DAP comunes a los tres sitios. La importancia ecológica de las Moráceas parece estar entre las más altas registradas en el Neotrópico (VIF=48.2-53.9 para los individuos> 10 cm DAP. La estructura y los valores de riqueza de plantas leñosas de los bosques del Golfo de Tribugá se acercan más a los bosques de La Selva, Costa Rica, que a otros bosques igualmente lluviosos del Chocó biogeográfico.Structure, richness and floristic composition of the woody elements ofthe forests of the Golfo de Tribugá, Pacific Coast of Chocó, Colombia, were studied in two 0.4 ha plots sampled for all individuals ?: 5 cm dbh and using also previously published information for one l

  5. Patterns of distribution and current protection status of the Carnivora ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Endemism in Chiroptera is low, however, with only two endemic species in the fynbos and Karoo biomes. The Carnivora display less biome specificity and endemism than the Chiroptera. Whereas the north-eastern savannas have the highest species richness, the transition between the Nama-Karoo and grassland biomes ...

  6. Capitalismo, Estado de Bem-Estar social e Justiça. Considerações para a relação capitalista do trabalho e da riqueza e para o papel da justiça nessa relação

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Christian Iber

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available Na sua argumentação o artigo segue a composição teórica do primeiro volume de O Capital de Karl Marx. Partindo do princípio exposto no preâmbulo (I que unicamente a relação do trabalho e da riqueza pode explicar a relação da pobreza e da riqueza no capitalismo em sete passos ulteriores da dedução desenvolvem-se os momentos essenciais do modo capitalista da produção: (II dinheiro como finalidade da produção: trabalho produz dinheiro – a oposição elementar do trabalho e seu rendimento: 1. trabalho por dinheiro, 2. o que é dinheiro? Poder de acesso privado à propriedade alheia na figura objetiva, (III dinheiro como relação de produção: trabalho produz mais dinheiro na mão alheia – a oposição do trabalhar e do deixar trabalhar, (IV capital como comando sobre o trabalho: o posto de trabalho – salário e desempenho sob o regime dos possuidores privados do dinheiro, (V o aumento da produtividade do trabalho como meio do capital: o avanço tecnológico – o desenvolvimento da produtividade social do trabalho à serviço do aumento do poder privado econômico do capital, (VI o crescimento do capital como motor do desemprego: não emprego – desempregados como resultado e alavanca do avanço capitalista, (VII as consequências sociais do crescimento econômico e sua regulamentação social: 1. o clamor por justiça, 2. a solução estatal da questão social: a conservação da oposição do trabalho e da riqueza pelo retorno permanente dos assalariados ao capital como seu meio de subsistência, 3. o papel do sindicato e, por fim, (VIII perspectiva: capital financeiro, crise e mercado mundial.

  7. Natural infection of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia) with Leishmania infantum in Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carreira, João Carlos Araujo; da Silva, Alba Valéria Machado; de Pita Pereira, Daniela; Brazil, Reginaldo Peçanha

    2012-06-07

    -specific biotinylated probe. In the present paper we present the first report of amastigotes in the tissues of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia) naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. We also attempt to claim the particular role of some opossum species as hosts of Leishmania infantum, contributing at least in part on the description of potential sylvatic reservoirs.

  8. Biomic specialization and speciation rates in ruminants (Cetartiodactyla, Mammalia): a test of the resource-use hypothesis at the global scale.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Cantalapiedra, Juan L; Hernández Fernández, Manuel; Morales, Jorge

    2011-01-01

    The resource-use hypothesis proposed by E.S. Vrba predicts that specialist species have higher speciation and extinction rates than generalists because they are more susceptible to environmental changes and vicariance. In this work, we test some of the predictions derived from this hypothesis on the 197 extant and recently extinct species of Ruminantia (Cetartiodactyla, Mammalia) using the biomic specialization index (BSI) of each species, which is based on its distribution within different biomes. We ran 10000 Monte Carlo simulations of our data in order to get a null distribution of BSI values against which to contrast the observed data. Additionally, we drew on a supertree of the ruminants and a phylogenetic likelihood-based method (QuaSSE) for testing whether the degree of biomic specialization affects speciation rates in ruminant lineages. Our results are consistent with the predictions of the resource-use hypothesis, which foretells a higher speciation rate of lineages restricted to a single biome (BSI = 1) and higher frequency of specialist species in biomes that underwent high degree of contraction and fragmentation during climatic cycles. Bovids and deer present differential specialization across biomes; cervids show higher specialization in biomes with a marked hydric seasonality (tropical deciduous woodlands and schlerophyllous woodlands), while bovids present higher specialization in a greater variety of biomes. This might be the result of divergent physiological constraints as well as a different biogeographic and evolutionary history.

  9. Phylogeography of the dark fruit-eating bat Artibeus obscurus in the Brazilian Amazon.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ferreira, Wallax Augusto Silva; Borges, Bárbara do Nascimento; Rodrigues-Antunes, Symara; de Andrade, Fernanda Atanaena Gonçalves; Aguiar, Gilberto Ferreira de Souza; de Sousa e Silva-Junior, José; Marques-Aguiar, Suely Aparecida; Harada, Maria Lúcia

    2014-01-01

    Artibeus obscurus (Mammalia: Chiroptera) is endemic to South America, being found in at least 18 Brazilian states. Recent studies revealed that different populations of this genus present distinct phylogeographic patterns; however, very little is known on the population genetics structure of A. obscurus in the Amazon rainforest. Here, using a fragment (1010bp) of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b from 87 samples, we investigated patterns of genetic divergence among populations of A. obscurus from different locations in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest and compared them with other Brazilian and South American regions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), fixation index (Fst) analysis, and phylogeographic patterns showed divergence between two major monophyletic groups, each one corresponding to a geographic region associated with the Atlantic and Amazon forest biomes. The Atlantic forest clusters formed a monophyletic group with a high bootstrap support and a fragmented distribution that follows the pattern predicted by the Refuge Theory. On the other hand, a different scenario was observed for the Amazon forest, where no fragmentation was identified. The AMOVA results revealed a significant geographic heterogeneity in the distribution of genetic variation, with 70% found within populations across the studied populations (Fst values ranging from 0.05864 to 0.09673; φST = 0.55). The intrapopulational analysis revealed that one population (Bragança) showed significant evidence of population expansion, with the formation of 2 distinct phylogroups, suggesting the occurrence of a subspecies or at least a different population in this region. These results also suggest considerable heterogeneity for A. obscurus in the Amazon region.

  10. Preliminary inventory of mammals from Yurubí National Park, Yaracuy, Venezuela with some comments on their natural history

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    Franger J. García

    2012-03-01

    necesidad de generar información de línea base que nos permita contribuir con la documentación y conservación de la riqueza de la fauna local, realizamos un inventario de mamíferos en el Parque Nacional Yurubí, localizado en el estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Llevamos a cabo trabajos de campo en tres tipos de vegetación seleccionados: un bosque siempreverde a 197m., un bosque semideciduo entre 100-230m y un bosque nublado a 1 446m. Utilizamos trampas Victor, Sherman, Havahart y un sistema de trampa de caída para la captura de pequeños mamíferos no voladores y mallas de neblina para murciélagos. Adicionalmente, entrevistamos a los pobladores locales para el registro de mamíferos de porte mediano a grande junto con observaciones ocasionales directas e indirectas. Al menos 79 especies están presentes en el área de estudio, representando el 28% de la fauna de mamíferos registrada para el norte del país. Chiroptera (39 spp., Carnivora (13 spp. y Rodentia (9 spp. fueron los órdenes con las mayores riquezas taxonómicas, coincidiendo con los resultados esperados en el Neotrópico. El bosque siempreverde obtuvo la mayor riqueza de especies (n=68, con un esfuerzo de muestreo de 128 horas-malla, 32 baldes-día,16 horas de observaciones y tres personas entrevistadas, seguida por el bosque nublado (n=45 con 324 horas-malla, 790 trampas-noche, 77 baldes-día, 10 horas de observaciones y una persona entrevistada. El valor más bajo de la riqueza fue en el bosque semideciduo (n=41, con 591 trampas-noche, 15 horas-malla, 10 horas de observaciones y tres personas entrevistadas. Los datos y observaciones obtenidos aquí (e.g., endemismo, especies conocidas como “especies sucedáneas” amenazadas en Venezuela, le confieren al Parque Nacional Yurubí un papel importante en la conservación y mantenimiento de los ecosistemas y fauna local, actualmente amenazados por presiones humanas locales en la Cordillera de la Costa.

  11. Riqueza da fauna de formigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae que habita as camadas superficiais do solo em Seara, Santa Catarina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério Rosa da Silva

    2004-01-01

    Full Text Available Apresentamos, pela primeira vez, dados sobre a riqueza que compõem as comunidades de formigas subterrâneas no Sul do Brasil, comparando os resultados com dados sobre a fauna de formigas de serapilheira na mesma região, a partir de um estudo realizado em 9 sítios de Seara, oeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, no domínio da Floresta Tropical Atlântica. Coletamos nas amostras de solo e serapilheira 113 espécies de formigas em 37 gêneros, sendo menos ricas as amostras de solo (71 espécies em 24 gêneros, enquanto que na serapilheira coletamos 81 espécies em 36 gêneros. Esses habitats compartilham 39 espécies. O índice de similaridade de Morisita-Horn indicou baixa sobreposição na composição de espécies entre a fauna de solo e serapilheira. Os valores de similaridade entre os sítios podem ser considerados médios. Uma análise de ordenação (NMDS indicou diferenças na estrutura de comunidades entre as faunas de solo e serapilheira e distribuição espacial agregada da fauna subterrânea. Nossos resultados indicam que existe uma forte complementariedade entre os dois segmentos de fauna. Concluímos que a fauna de formigas subterrâneas é um importante componente da riqueza de espécies de formigas que habita o solo e, que portanto protocolos para levantamentos quantitativos de formigas, devem incluir amostras de solo para uma melhor avaliação da sua diversidade em florestas tropicais.We present here, for the first time, data on species richness and abundance of subterranean ant assemblages in southern Brazil, based on a research on the subterranean ant fauna in 9 sites in Seara, West of Santa Catarina State, in the domain of Tropical Atlantic Forest, comparing our results with those of a leaf litter ant fauna survey conducted in the same region. We collected in both soil and litter samples 113 ant species belonging to 37 genera. Ants were much less species rich in soil samples (71 species in 24 genera, while in leaf litter we

  12. Discrepancia taxonómica y riqueza de corales zooxantelados del Pacífico oriental durante el Cenozoico Taxonomic distinctness and richness of eastern Pacific zooxanthellate corals during the Cenozoic

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    Héctor Reyes-Bonilla

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available La fauna de corales zooxantelados del Pacífico oriental ha sufrido cambios ocasionados por extinciones, especiación e inmigración desde varias provincias zoogeográficas. Aquí se analizan los cambios en la riqueza y en la discrepancia taxonómica y su varianza (Δ+ y Λ+, indicadores de la biodiversidad que cuantifican la longitud del árbol taxonómico, para los corales del oeste de las Américas durante el Cenozoico, a partir de un análisis de la presencia temporal de 148 especies, en intervalos de un millón de años. La discrepancia taxonómica fue muy estable durante el Cenozoico (alrededor de 44-50 unidades, mientras que la riqueza fluctuó de 42 especies en el Eoceno, hasta 3 en el Mioceno; esto indica que Δ+ no se afectó con las oscilaciones en el número de especies. Por otro lado, la riqueza y la varianza de la discrepancia taxonómica se comportan de manera inversa, dado que en intervalos temporales con alto número de especies, éstas pertenecieron a grupos taxonómicamente afines. Finalmente, la comparación de Δ+ y Λ+ indicó que los índices se asocian negativamente. Así, es posible que la redundancia ecológica sea alta y menor la tolerancia a cambios ambientales cuando es mayor la discrepancia taxonómica, dado que las especies están arregladas en un reducido número de géneros o familias.The zooxanthellate coral fauna of the eastern Pacific has changed due to mass extinctions, speciation and immigration from several zoogeographic provinces. In this study we analyze changes in richness and taxonomic distinctness and variance (Δ+ y Λ+, biodiversity indicators that quantify the length of the taxonomic tree of the species for stony corals of western America during the Cenozoic, on the basis of an analysis of the temporal occurrence of 148 species, arranged in one-million year intervals. Taxonomic distinctness was very stable during the Cenozoic (around 44-50 units, while species richness fluctuated from 42 species in

  13. A riqueza e composição de formigas como indicadores dos efeitos do manejo florestal de baixo impacto em floresta tropical no estado do Acre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Nakayama Miranda

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available A sustentabilidade da extração madeireira seletiva depende de avaliações de impacto e monitoramento dos fatores abióticos, vegetação e fauna. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar e comparar a riqueza e composição de formigas em área de manejo florestal sustentável de baixo impacto, no Projeto de Assentamento Chico Mendes, no Acre. As coletas foram realizadas com armadilhas pitfall e extrator de Winkler, em 30 parcelas de 10 x 10 m. As parcelas foram igualmente distribuídas em três tratamentos: (1 manejo - base de árvores exploradas em 2007; (2 queda natural - base de árvores caídas naturalmente em área não manejada; e (3 controle - parcela sem queda de árvore na mesma área não manejada. Para a caracterização da vegetação, foram tomadas medidas das variáveis: densidade arbórea e arbustiva, área basal arbórea e de árvores caídas, espessura de serapilheira e cobertura de dossel. A densidade arbórea foi significantemente maior no tratamento controle que no manejo. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em cobertura de dossel entre os tratamentos controle e manejo e controle e queda natural. Foram coletadas 88 espécies de formigas, distribuídas em sete subfamílias. Não houve diferença na riqueza de espécies entre os tratamentos. Embora menor similaridade tenha sido encontrada entre os tratamentos manejo e controle, não foram observadas grandes diferenças na composição entre eles. Esses resultados indicaram que, nessa área, a atividade de extração madeireira de baixo impacto não afetou a assembleia de formigas, portanto, funcionalmente, essa forma de manejo não acarretou alterações no ecossistema em relação aos serviços associados às formigas.

  14. Patrones de distribución, abundancia y riqueza de especies de la avifauna terrestre de la isla de La Palma (islas Canarias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carrascal, L. M.

    2008-12-01

    isla atendiendo a sus formaciones ambientales, situación altitudinal, y posición geográfica. Mediante curvas acumuladas del número de especies se explora la variación en la riqueza de especies. El ambiente con menor biodiversidad aviar es, con diferencia, el matorral altimontano. Por el contrario, los medios con mayor riqueza de especies son las medianías dedicadas a la agricultura y con casas dispersas. La variación local de la riqueza de aves (especies por transecto de 0,5 km en la isla de La Palma tiene una importante componente geográfica (aumento del sur al norte y del oeste al este, con valores máximos a altitudes medias, asociándose además con el desarrollo de la vegetación especialmente en los estratos arbustivos y herbáceo, y estando negativamente influida por el desarrollo de la agricultura pero no por el urbanismo. La densidad total de aves alcanza sus máximos valores en la laurisilva (657 aves/km2, fayal-brezal (630 aves/km 2 y la transición pinar-laurisilva (509 aves/km2, mientras que los matorrales de alta montaña (153 aves/km2 y las lavas recientes (58 aves/km2 mantienen avifaunas poco densas. Las especies que tienen niveles poblacionales más críticos en la isla son Falco [peregrinus] pelegrinoides, Burhinus oedicnemus distinctus, Upupa epops, Carduelis carduelis, Miliaria calandra y Petronia petronia, habiendo manifestado las últimas cinco especies importantes regresiones en los últimos 15-25 años.

  15. Phyllostomidae assemblage (Chiroptera: Mammalia in altitudinal forests at the Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, Southeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodrigo M. Mello

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT Many studies have demonstrated the ecological relevance and great biodiversity of bats in Brazil. However, mountainous areas have been disproportionately less sampled, mainly in the Southeast. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the richness and diversity of Phyllostomidae, the most diverse bat family, in different forest types in Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, trying to understand the causes of possible differences. The Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca is inserted in the Serra da Mantiqueira's domain, in an Atlantic Forest region known as "Zona da Mata", state of Minas Gerais, with an altitudinal range between 1200-1784 meters. The study was conducted in two forest types, classified as "Nanofloresta Nebular" and "Floresta Nebular", whose respective data on richness and diversity were compared. The bats were captured with 8-10 mist nets for 14 months (April 2011 to May 2012 and four nights per month totaling 62,171.25 m2h of capture effort. A total of 392 captures (12 species belonging to the Phyllostomidae family were obtained. The most abundant species were Sturnira lilium (59.9%, Platyrrhinus lineatus (11.3%, Artibeus lituratus (8.7% and Carollia perspicillata (7.6%. The two sampled areas presented differences in bat richness, diversity and species composition, and this difference was predominantly influenced by S. lilium. It is likely that the observed difference in the assembly of bats between the two study sites depends on the variation in floristic composition. The records of A. lituratus and P. lineatus in a few months of the year and close to Ficus mexiae bearing ripe fruits suggests that at least these species move to the park for a few periods of the year in search of food resources, possibly moving through the altitudinal landscapes.

  16. Sensitivity of populations of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in relation to human development in northern Paraná, southern Brazil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Reis, N R; Gallo, P H; Peracchi, A L; Lima, L P; Fregonezi, M N

    2012-08-01

    Most natural forests have been converted for human use, restricting biological life to small forest fragments. Many animals, including some species of bats are disappearing and the list of these species grows every day. It seems that the destruction of the habitat is one of its major causes. This study aimed to analyze how this community of bats was made up in environments with different sizes and quality of habitat. Data from studies conducted in the region of Londrina, Parana, Brazil, from 1982 to 2000 were used. Originally, this area was covered by a semi deciduous forest, especially Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae), Ficus insipida (Moraceae), Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae), Croton floribundus (Euforbiaceae), and currently, only small remnants of the original vegetation still exist. The results showed a decline in the number of species caught in smaller areas compared to the largest remnant. In about 18 years of sampling, 42 species of bats were found in the region, representing 67% of the species that occur in Paraná and 24.4% in Brazil. There were two species of Noctilionidae; 21 of Phyllostoma; 11 Vespertilionidae and eight Molossidae. Eight of these were captured only in the largest fragment, Mata dos Godoy State Park (680 ha). Ten species had a low capture rate in the smaller areas with less than three individuals. Of the total sampled, 14 species were found in human buildings, and were able to tolerate modified environments, foraging and even using them as shelter. As the size of the forest area increases, there is a greater variety of ecological opportunities and their physical conditions become more stable, i.e., conditions favorable for growth and survival of a greater number of species. Forest fragmentation limits and creates subpopulations, preserving only long-lived K-strategist animals for some time, where the supporting capacity of the environment is a limiting factor. The reduction of habitats, species and genetic diversity resulting from human activities are endangering the future adaptability in natural ecosystems, which promotes the disappearance of low adaptive potential species.

  17. Cranial and mandibular shape variation in the genus Carollia (Mammalia: Chiroptera from Colombia: biogeographic patterns and morphological modularity

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Camilo López-Aguirre

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available Neotropical bats of the genus Carollia are widely studied due to their abundance, distribution and relevance for ecosystems. However, the ecomorphological boundaries of these species are poorly differentiated, and consequently correspondence between their geographic distribution, ecological plasticity and morphological variation remains unclear. In this study, patterns of cranial and mandibular morphological variation were assessed for Carollia brevicauda, C. castanea and C. perspicillata from Colombia. Using geometric morphometrics, morphological variation was examined with respect to: differences in intraspecific variation, morphological modularity and integration, and biogeographic patterns. Patterns of intraspecific variation were different for each species in both cranial and mandibular morphology, with functional differences apparent according to diet. Cranial modularity varied between species whereas mandibular modularity did not. High cranial and mandibular correlation reflects Cranium-Mandible integration as a functional unit. Similarity between the biogeographic patterns in C. brevicauda and C. perspicillata indicates that the Andes do not act as a barrier but rather as an independent region, isolating the morphology of Andean populations of larger-bodied species. The biogeographic pattern for C. castanea was not associated with the physiography of the Andes, suggesting that large body size does not benefit C. brevicauda and C. perspicillata in maintaining homogeneous morphologies among populations.

  18. Cranial and mandibular shape variation in the genus Carollia (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Colombia: biogeographic patterns and morphological modularity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    López-Aguirre, Camilo; Pérez-Torres, Jairo; Wilson, Laura A B

    2015-01-01

    Neotropical bats of the genus Carollia are widely studied due to their abundance, distribution and relevance for ecosystems. However, the ecomorphological boundaries of these species are poorly differentiated, and consequently correspondence between their geographic distribution, ecological plasticity and morphological variation remains unclear. In this study, patterns of cranial and mandibular morphological variation were assessed for Carollia brevicauda, C. castanea and C. perspicillata from Colombia. Using geometric morphometrics, morphological variation was examined with respect to: differences in intraspecific variation, morphological modularity and integration, and biogeographic patterns. Patterns of intraspecific variation were different for each species in both cranial and mandibular morphology, with functional differences apparent according to diet. Cranial modularity varied between species whereas mandibular modularity did not. High cranial and mandibular correlation reflects Cranium-Mandible integration as a functional unit. Similarity between the biogeographic patterns in C. brevicauda and C. perspicillata indicates that the Andes do not act as a barrier but rather as an independent region, isolating the morphology of Andean populations of larger-bodied species. The biogeographic pattern for C. castanea was not associated with the physiography of the Andes, suggesting that large body size does not benefit C. brevicauda and C. perspicillata in maintaining homogeneous morphologies among populations.

  19. A new species of nectar-feeding bat, genus Lonchophylla, from western Colombia and western Ecuador (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woodman, N.

    2007-01-01

    The twelve recognized species of nectar-feeding bats of the genus Lonchophylla occur in low- and middle-elevation, humid, Neotropical forests. Morphological and morphometrical analyses of specimens formerly lumped with Lonchophylla mordax O. Thomas (1903) support recognition of Lonchophylla concava Goldman (1914) as a separate species and reveal a third species from the western Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador that I describe herein as Lonchophylla jornicata. This new species is morphologically similar to Lonchophylla concava but is distinctively larger than that species. Tests for sexual dimorphism within these and other species of Lonchophyllini suggest a tendency for females to have slightly longer, narrower skulls, higher coronoid processes of the mandible, and longer forearms than males.

  20. A craniometric comparison of Holocene populations of Myotis mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817) and M. brandtii (Eversmann, 1845) (Chiroptera, Mammalia)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Rybář, P.

    1976-01-01

    This paper presents the results of an analysis of about four hundred skulls of Myotis mystacinus and M. brandtii of the Holocene age from the Záskočie Cave (Central Slovakia). A review of criteria for species determination is presented, including a new criterion concerning the morphology of P4

  1. First report of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera from the Gray Fossil Site (late Miocene or early Pliocene, Tennessee, USA

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    Nicholas J. Czaplewski

    2017-04-01

    Full Text Available Thousands of vertebrate fossils have been recovered from the Gray Fossil Site, Tennessee, dating to the Miocene-Pliocene boundary. Among these are but eight specimens of bats representing two different taxa referable to the family Vespertilionidae. Comparison of the fossils with Neogene and Quaternary bats reveals that seven of the eight specimens pertain to a species of Eptesicus that cannot be distinguished from recent North American Eptesicus fuscus. The remaining specimen, a horizontal ramus with m3, is from a smaller vespertilionid bat that cannot confidently be assigned to a genus. Although many vespertilionid genera can be excluded through comparisons, and many extinct named taxa cannot be compared due to nonequivalence of preserved skeletal elements, the second taxon shows morphological similarities to small-bodied taxa with three lower premolar alveoli, three distinct m3 talonid cusps, and m3 postcristid showing the myotodont condition. It resembles especially Nycticeius humeralis and small species of Eptesicus. Eptesicus cf. E. fuscus potentially inhabited eastern North America continuously since the late Hemphillian land mammal age, when other evidence from the Gray Fossil Site indicates the presence in the southern Appalachian Mountains of a warm, subtropical, oak-hickory-conifer forest having autochthonous North American as well as allochthonous biogeographical ties to eastern Asia and tropical-subtropical Middle America.

  2. Sensitivity of populations of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera in relation to human development in northern Paraná, southern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    NR. Reis

    Full Text Available Most natural forests have been converted for human use, restricting biological life to small forest fragments. Many animals, including some species of bats are disappearing and the list of these species grows every day. It seems that the destruction of the habitat is one of its major causes. This study aimed to analyze how this community of bats was made up in environments with different sizes and quality of habitat. Data from studies conducted in the region of Londrina, Parana, Brazil, from 1982 to 2000 were used. Originally, this area was covered by a semi deciduous forest, especially Aspidosperma polyneuron (Apocynaceae, Ficus insipida (Moraceae, Euterpe edulis (Arecaceae, Croton floribundus (Euforbiaceae, and currently, only small remnants of the original vegetation still exist. The results showed a decline in the number of species caught in smaller areas compared to the largest remnant. In about 18 years of sampling, 42 species of bats were found in the region, representing 67% of the species that occur in Paraná and 24.4% in Brazil. There were two species of Noctilionidae; 21 of Phyllostoma; 11 Vespertilionidae and eight Molossidae. Eight of these were captured only in the largest fragment, Mata dos Godoy State Park (680 ha. Ten species had a low capture rate in the smaller areas with less than three individuals. Of the total sampled, 14 species were found in human buildings, and were able to tolerate modified environments, foraging and even using them as shelter. As the size of the forest area increases, there is a greater variety of ecological opportunities and their physical conditions become more stable, i.e., conditions favorable for growth and survival of a greater number of species. Forest fragmentation limits and creates subpopulations, preserving only long-lived K-strategist animals for some time, where the supporting capacity of the environment is a limiting factor. The reduction of habitats, species and genetic diversity resulting from human activities are endangering the future adaptability in natural ecosystems, which promotes the disappearance of low adaptive potential species.

  3. The effect of cat Felis catus predation on three breeding ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    1987-05-08

    May 8, 1987 ... Mammalia 40: 532-595. DERENNE, P.L. & MOUGIN, 1.C. 1976. Donnees ecologiques sur les Mammiferes introduits de L'i1e aux. Cochons, Archipel Crozet (46°06'S, 500 14'E). Mammalia 40: 21-53. DORRANCE, M.l. & BOURNE, 1. 1980. An evaluation of anti-coyote electric fencing. 1. Range Manage. 33:.

  4. Use of the space by the opossum Didelphis aurita Wied-Newied (Mammalia, Marsupialia in a mixed forest fragment of southern Brazil

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    Cáceres Nilton Carlos

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Use of the space by the opossum Didelphis aurita Wied-Newied, 1826 (Mammalia, Marsupialia in a mixed forest fragment of southern Brazil. The space use of the marsupial Didelphis aurita was studied in a forest fragment of southern Brazil from February 1995 to January 1996. The method used was the 'distribution utilization' in which each trap was set in 38 x 38 m quadrats. Captures of each marked individual in each point give information on its habitat use. Food availability was searched and compared to the habitat utilization and to the food consumption of opossums. Distribution patterns of captures (aggregated to random and spatial overlap between individuals were searched. Results showed aggregated distributions of individuals, particularly females, in the fragment. Females used exclusively the fragment during the drier season. Opossums tend to not choose the sites with highest food availability to establish home ranges. Spatial overlap was usually low between forest resident and neighbouring resident females, but much lower during the breeding season (only forest resident females in an apparently pattern of territoriality. Hence, core areas of females decreased in size during the breeding season. Males probably searched primarily for mates during the breeding season being less opportunistic than females in feeding habits, yet their space use did not correlate to food consumption.

  5. Riqueza, uso y origen de plantas medicinales expendidas en los mercados de la ciudad del Cusco

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    Isau Huamantupa

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Se estudiaron las plantas medicinales expendidas en cinco mercados principales de la ciudad del Cusco: San Pedro, San Jerónimo, TTio, Wanchaq y Rosaspata y cuatro zonales de San Sebastián, Molino II, Huancaro y Santa Rosa. Se realizaron encuestas y colectas para identificar las especies de plantas medicinales, modo de utilización, afecciones tratadas, lugar de procedencia y origen. Registramos 152 especies, con 45 familias, las más ricas en especies fueron: Asteraceae con 36 y Lamiaceae (12; las especies con la mayor frecuencia de venta y compra fueron: Muehlenbeckia volcanica (Benth. Endl. “mullaca”, Perezia virens (D. Don Hook. & Arn. “valeriana”, Matricaria recutita L. “manzanilla” e Hypochaeris taraxacoides (Walp. B. & H. “pilli pilli”; el hábito herbáceo represento el 75% del total; de las partes utilizadas 81% corresponden a toda la planta; las infusiones o “mates calientes” abarcaron el 69% del modo de preparación y las afecciones tratadas con mayor frecuencia fueron las inflamaciones renales y hepáticas, dolencias gastrointestinales y afecciones broncopulmonares. Las especies nativas representaron el 83% del total, de estas 78%, son procedentes de la región andina principalmente de localidades aledañas al departamento Cusco. Consideramos que esta alta riqueza de plantas medicinales expendidas en los mercados de la ciudad del Cusco es similar a otros registros en mercados andinos importantes de Sudamérica como en Bolivia y Ecuador, las que a su vez están arraigadas a conocimientos ancestrales, principalmente de la cultura Quechua.

  6. Concentración de la riqueza, millionariosy reproducción de la pobrezaen América Latina Concentration of wealth, millionaires, and reproduction of poverty in Latin America

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    Sonia Alvarez Leguizamón

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available Entre o fim do século XX e o início do atual, a pobreza e a desigualdade acentuaram-se na América Latina. Estudos de diferentes organismos internacionais indicam que o número de pobres cresceu em termos absolutos e relativos em quase todos os países, ao passo que a concentração de riqueza atingiu patamares inéditos, provocando profundas mudanças na estrutura social. Em parte, a multiplicação da pobreza e das desigualdades é conseqüência do fracasso das práticas adotadas sob pressão das agências internacionais de crédito e desenvolvimento em nome do chamado Consenso de Washington (privatizações, liberalização dos mercados. Transformações no mundo do trabalho resultaram em desemprego em massa e vulnerabilidade crescente para milhões de latino-americanos. Paralelamente, pequenos grupos de indivíduos e famílias passaram a concentrar parcelas cada vez mais expressivas da riqueza, ampliando o fosso entre os extremos da distribuição da renda em cada país. Este artigo discute as transformações da estrutura social da América Latina e as estratégias de legitimação da riqueza empregadas pelos ricos no subcontinente, em especial a neofilantropia de instituições assistenciais financiadas por músicos e grandes empresários. Por fim, a autora propõe problematizar a questão das desigualdades sob a ótica das relações de dominação de classe, uma perspectiva que começa a ganhar espaço nas ciências sociais e que deveria ser estendida à agenda política.Poverty and inequality increased in Latin America during the late 20th century and early 21st century. Studies by different international institutions show that the number of poor people has grown in both relative and absolute terms in nearly every country, while concentrations of wealth have reached unprecedented levels, causing deep changes in the social structure. Such multiplication of poverty and inequality is partly a result of the failure of practices adopted

  7. Suitability of DNA extracted from archival specimens of fruit-eating bats of the genus Artibeus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae for polymerase chain reaction and sequencing analysis

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    Mário Pinzan Scatena

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available To establish a technique which minimized the effects of fixation on the extraction of DNA from formalin-fixed tissues preserved in scientific collections we extracted DNA samples from fixed tissues using different methods and evaluated the effect of the different procedures on PCR and sequencing analysis. We investigated muscle and liver tissues from museum specimens of five species of fruit-eating (frugivorous bats of the Neotropical genus Artibeus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae: A. fimbriatus, A. lituratus, A. jamaicensis, A. obscurus, and A. planirostris. The results indicated that treatment of tissues in buffered solutions at neutral pH and about 37 °C for at least four days improves the quality and quantity of extracted DNA and the quality of the amplification and sequencing products. However, the comparison between the performance of DNA obtained from fixed and fresh tissues showed that, in spite of the fact that both types of tissue generate reliable sequences for use in phylogenetic analyses, DNA samples from fixed tissues presented a larger rate of errors in the different stages of the study. These results suggest that DNA extracted from formalin-fixed tissue can be used in molecular studies of Neotropical Artibeus bats and that our methodology may be applicable to other animal groups.

  8. Planejando estudos de diversidade e riqueza: uma abordagem para estudantes de graduação - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1511 Designing diversity and richness studies: an approach to undergraduate students - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v26i4.1511

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    Sidclay Calaça Dias

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho são apresentados breves aspectos teóricos e práticos relativos ao estudo da diversidade e da riqueza de espécies destinadas aos estudantes de graduação. Questões relativas ao delineamento da pesquisa, à coleta e as análises dos dados são apresentadas e discutidas, brevemente, além de modelos de distribuição de abundância, índices de diversidade e estimadores de riqueza acompanhados de referências da literatura sobre o tema. Objetiva-se mostrar aos alunos, os reveses relativos ao uso inadequado de análises sobre os componentes da diversidade de espécies, aplicados a um conjunto de dadosAspects of theory and practice related to studies on species richness and diversity measurement are presented to Biology Sciences undergraduate students. Questions concerning the designing of the research, data collecting and analysis are presented. Models of relative abundance distribution, diversity indices and estimators of species richness are briefly discussed, followed by bibliographic references on the theme. Pitfalls related to the inadequate analysis of diversity of species components, applied to the data, are showed to the students

  9. Richness and distribution of aquatic macrophytes in Brazilian semi-arid aquatic ecosystems Riqueza e distribuição de macrófitas aquáticas em ecossistemas aquáticos do semi-árido brasileiro

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    Gustavo Gonzaga Henry-Silva

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the richness and distribution of the aquatic macrophytes in the basin of the Apodi/Mossoró River, in the semi-arid region (caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; METHODS: A survey of the floristic composition of the aquatic macrophytes was made at 20 sampling stations in the basin at four seasons (August/2007, November/2007, February/2008, May/2008. Specimens of each species were collected and deposited in the Dárdano de Andrade Lima Herbarium of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido; RESULTS: We found 40 species of aquatic macrophytes, in 33 genera and 22 families. The families with the most species were Poaceae and Cyperaceae, and the most species-rich genera were Cyperus and Eleocharis. The most common plant form was amphibian (42.5%, followed by emergent (27.5%, free-floating (12.5%, rooted-submersed (10.0%, and floating-leaved (7.5%. The lowest richness was observed at the estuarine region (3 species, and the highest richness in the upper basin (17 species. The rooted-submersed Hydrothrix gardneri Hooker f. and Ceratophyllum demersum L. were observed in great abundance and frequency in the Santa Cruz Reservoir of Apodi, especially in areas close to cage farms of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758. The most common free-floating species were Eichhornia crassipes (Mart. Solms., Pistia stratiotes L., and Salvinia auriculata Aubl., predominantly in stretches that run through urban centers; CONCLUSION: The species richness of aquatic macrophytes in aquatic environments of the caatinga is similar to that observed in other basins of Brazil. Because of the many dams and reservoirs in the semi-arid Northeast, inventory and monitoring of aquatic macrophytes have become essential, especially in basins that will receive water from the diversion of the São Francisco River.OBJETIVO: Nós objetivamos avaliar a riqueza e a distribuição das macrófitas aquáticas nos ambientes aqu

  10. The small mammals (Eulipotyphla, Chiroptera, Rodentia and Lagomorpha from the Late Pleistocene site of the cave of El Castillo (Cantabria, Spain

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    C. Sesé

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The micromammals remains from the Late Pleistocene site of the cave of El Castillo studied here in detail, came from the Aurignacian levels 18b and 18c (dated in 40.000-45.000 BP, level 19, and the Musterian levels 20b, 20c, 20d, 20e (dated in 41.000-49.000 BP, 21a and 21b. The micromammal association is the following: Erinaceus europaeus, Crocidura russula, Sorex coronatus, Sorex minutus, Neomys fodiens, Talpa europaea, Galemys pyrenaicus, cf. Miniopterus schreibersii, Chiroptera indet., Pliomys lenki, Microtus arvalis – Microtus agrestis, Microtus lusitanicus, Microtus oeconomus, Chionomys nivalis, Arvicola terrestris, Apodemus sylvaticus – Apodemus flavicollis and Lepus sp. Most of these species are in the present fauna of Cantabria, except Pliomys lenki that got extinct in the last third of the Upper Pleistocene, and Microtus oeconomus that disappeared from the Iberian Peninsula during the Holocene, in historical times, and is nowadays present in northern Euroasiatic regions. There is a great continuity of most of the taxa in all the levels. The faunal association seems to indicate a mainly open environment, in general with wet meadows (and few dry meadows, with good vegetation cover in the soil, with perhaps also some tree-covered areas, and some watercourses. The thermophiles indicators are very scarce, which could indicate that the climate could be a lesser temperate than other Upper Pleistocene periods and the present-day climate in the area.

  11. Composición y riqueza de las comunidades de aves, muciélagos y escarabajos coprófagos asociados a agro-paisajes y áreas protegidas de un bosqeu tropical seco (Norte de Costa Rica)

    OpenAIRE

    Carvajal Sánchez, José Pablo

    2014-01-01

    [ES] La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo general analizar y comparar la composición y riqueza de las comunidades aves, murciélagos y escarabajos coprófagos presentes en seis tipos de cobertura vegetal: bosque ribereño, bosque secundario, charral, cercas vivas, pastizales (potreros), con alta y baja cobertura arbórea. La investigación se realiza en un área protegida del bosque seco tropical ¿Parque Nacional Palo Verde¿ y otra de agrocenósis, Cañas (N de Costa Rica). Los resultado...

  12. Natural infection of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia with Leishmania infantum in Brazil

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    Carreira João Carlos

    2012-06-01

    through dot blot hybridization using a L. infantum-specific biotinylated probe. Conclusions In the present paper we present the first report of amastigotes in the tissues of Didelphis aurita (Mammalia: Marsupialia naturally infected with Leishmania infantum. We also attempt to claim the particular role of some opossum species as hosts of Leishmania infantum, contributing at least in part on the description of potential sylvatic reservoirs.

  13. Ocorrência de moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae e Nycteribiidae de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera no cerrado de Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil Records of batflies (Diptera, Streblidae and Nycteribiidae on bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera from the cerrado of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil

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    Gustavo Graciolli

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available Two species of Basilia Miranda Ribeiro, 1903 (Nycteribiidae and eigth species of Streblidae were collected from Brasília. Basilia anceps Guimarães & D' Andretta, 1956; B. hughscotti Guimarães & D' Andretta, 1956; Megistopoda aranea (Coquillet, 1899; M. proxima (Séguy, 1926 and Neotrichobius delicatus (Machado-Allison, 1966 are collected for the first time at the Federal District.

  14. Complementarity and efficiency of bat capture methods in a lowland tropical dry forest of Yucatán, Mexico Complementariedad y eficiencia de métodos de captura de murciélagos en una selva baja caducifolia de Yucatán, México

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    Juan M. Pech-Canche

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available The combined use of different methods for surveying bat assemblages has increased over the last few decades. The objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of bat inventories by comparing assemblages parameters (species richness, abundance and composition using the 3 most conventional capture methods (ground-level and sub-canopy mist nets and harp traps, in a lowland tropical dry forest in Yucatán, Mexico. In ground mist nets, only phyllostomid species were recorded, principally frugivorous and nectarivorous species, while in harp traps the majority were insectivorous species from other families. Our results indicate that for the order Chiroptera the most efficient combination of capture methods is the simultaneous use of ground mist nets and harp traps. However, an inventory of Phyllostomidae is reliably achieved with only ground mist nets. Also, a combination of ground and sub-canopy mist nets does not provide an efficient sampling strategy.El uso combinado de diferentes métodos de muestreo de ensambles de murciélagos se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de los inventarios de murciélagos comparando los parámetros del ensamble (riqueza de especies, abundancia y composición usando los 3 métodos de captura convencionales (redes de niebla a nivel de sotobosque y sub-dosel, y trampas arpa, en una selva baja caducifolia de Yucatán, México. En las redes de sotobosque se registraron solamente especies de filostómidos, principalmente especies frugívoras y nectarívoras; mientras que en las trampas arpa, la mayoría fueron especies insectívoras de otras familias. Nuestros resultados indican que para el orden Chiroptera la combinación más eficiente de métodos de captura es el uso simultáneo de redes de sotobosque y trampas arpa. Sin embargo, se alcanza un inventario confiable de filostómidos sólo con las redes de sotobosque. Además, una combinación de redes de

  15. Geração de riqueza em empresas vencedoras do PNQ: uma análise usando EVA

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    Heder Bassan

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a geração de riqueza de empresas vencedoras do Prêmio Nacional da Qualidade (PNQ com uso do Valor Econômico Adicionado (EVA e comparar esse valor com o das demais empresas do mesmo setor da economia. A utilização do EVA como medida de desempenho é um diferencial deste trabalho em relação a outros estudos. Os dados foram coletados do banco de dados do sistema Economática, em sítios especializados em divulgação de demonstrações financeiras e nos sítios das empresas vencedoras do prêmio. O período de análise compreendeu os anos de 2000 a 2009. Foram utilizados testes paramétricos para validar as hipóteses de trabalho. Os resultados apontam para a existência de fortes indícios de que as empresas estudadas vencedoras do PNQ melhoraram o seu Valor Econômico Adicionado no período de pós-adoção do modelo do prêmio. Outro forte indício é que essas mesmas empresas possuem Valor Econômico Adicionado superior às demais do setor no período de pós-adoção do Modelo de Excelência em Gestão do PNQ. No entanto, isso não pode ser afirmado para o período de adoção do modelo do PNQ.

  16. Species From Feces: Order-Wide Identification of Chiroptera From Guano and Other Non-Invasive Genetic Samples.

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    Faith M Walker

    Full Text Available Bat guano is a relatively untapped reservoir of information, having great utility as a DNA source because it is often available at roosts even when bats are not and is an easy type of sample to collect from a difficult-to-study mammalian order. Recent advances from microbial community studies in primer design, sequencing, and analysis enable fast, accurate, and cost-effective species identification. Here, we borrow from this discipline to develop an order-wide DNA mini-barcode assay (Species from Feces based on a segment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI. The assay works effectively with fecal DNA and is conveniently transferable to low-cost, high-throughput Illumina MiSeq technology that also allows simultaneous pairing with other markers. Our PCR primers target a region of COI that is highly discriminatory among Chiroptera (92% species-level identification of barcoded species, and are sufficiently degenerate to allow hybridization across diverse bat taxa. We successfully validated our system with 54 bat species across both suborders. Despite abundant arthropod prey DNA in guano, our primers were highly specific to bats; no arthropod DNA was detected in thousands of feces run on Sanger and Illumina platforms. The assay is extendable to fecal pellets of unknown age as well as individual and pooled guano, to allow for individual (using singular fecal pellets and community (using combined pellets collected from across long-term roost sites analyses. We developed a searchable database (http://nau.edu/CEFNS/Forestry/Research/Bats/Search-Tool/ that allows users to determine the discriminatory capability of our markers for bat species of interest. Our assay has applications worldwide for examining disease impacts on vulnerable species, determining species assemblages within roosts, and assessing the presence of bat species that are vulnerable or facing extinction. The development and analytical pathways are rapid, reliable, and

  17. Efeito das atividades de ecoturismo sobre a riqueza e a abundância de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte na região do Cristalino, Mato Grosso, Brasil

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    Ednaldo Cândido Rocha

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo foi desenvolvido nas Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural Cristalino (670 ha e Lote Cristalino (6.539 ha e no Parque Estadual Cristalino (184.900 ha. Essas unidades de conservação são contíguas e estão localizadas no extremo centro-norte do estado do Mato Grosso, em locais considerados prioritários para a conservação, em função da alta biodiversidade e endemismos, além da elevada pressão antrópica. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou conhecer, avaliar e comparar a estrutura das populações de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, em termos de riqueza e abundância das espécies em ambientes sem turismo e com atividades de ecoturismo na região do Cristalino. Para tanto, no período compreendido entre maio de 2008 a fevereiro de 2010 foram amostrados ambientes com floresta primária, os quais apresentavam dois níveis de perturbação antrópica: sem turismo e com atividades de ecoturismo. Os dados foram coletados utilizando a amostragem de distâncias em transecções lineares, que totalizou 468,3 Km percorridos nos períodos diurno e noturno, e registro de pegadas em parcelas previamente preparadas (n = 660 parcelas vistoriadas, além de percursos fluviais no rio Cristalino e buscas aleatórias nos locais onde não ocorriam caminhos. Registros de 37 espécies de mamíferos foram obtidos, sendo 33 de médio e grande porte e quatro de pequeno porte. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na riqueza de espécies dos ambientes sem turismo e com ecoturismo, sendo que a similaridade de espécies entre eles foi alta (88%. No entanto, três táxons apresentaram abundância inferior nos ambientes com turismo: Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1766, Mazama spp. e Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862. Percebe-se, portanto, que o impacto negativo das atividades de ecoturismo desenvolvidas na área de estudo foi de pequena magnitude, em termos de riqueza e abundância de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Assim

  18. Additional records of Cantor’s Leaf-Nosed Bat Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae in eastern India: Odisha

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    Subrat Debata

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Cantor’s leaf-nosed bat is distributed in the South Asian and Southeast Asian region and recorded from few localities of India including one locality record from Bihar in Eastern India. Here we report its range extension in Eastern India and first record from Odisha. We recommend that the chiropteran diversity of Odisha need to be assessed for further inventories, particularly in the Eastern Ghats range. 

  19. Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) of the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. Part 8. Bats of Jordan: fauna, ecology, echolocation, ectoparasites

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Benda, P.; Lučan, R. K.; Obuch, J.; Reiter, A.; Andreas, M.; Bačkor, P.; Bohnenstengel, T.; Eid, E. K.; Ševčík, M.; Vallo, Peter; Amr, Z. S.

    2010-01-01

    Roč. 74, 3-4 (2010), s. 185-353 ISSN 1211-376X Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : bats * distribution * ecology * echolocation * ectoparasites * Middle East * Jordan * Arabia * Palaearctic Region Subject RIV: EG - Zoology

  20. Ecological niche models and patterns of richness and endemism of the southern Andean genus Eurymetopum (Coleoptera, Cleridae Modelos de nicho ecológico y patrones de riqueza y endemismo del género andino austral Eurymetopum (Coleoptera, Cleridae

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    Tania Escalante

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Eurymetopum is an Andean clerid genus with 22 species. We modeled the ecological niches of 19 species with Maxent and used them as potential distributional maps to identify patterns of richness and endemicity. All modeled species maps were overlapped in a single map in order to determine richness. We performed an optimality analysis with NDM/VNDM in a grid of 1º latitude-longitude in order to identify endemism. We found a highly rich area, located between 32º and 41º south latitude, where the richest pixels have 16 species. One area of endemism was identified, located in the Maule and Valdivian Forest biogeographic provinces, which extends also to the Santiago province of the Central Chilean subregion, and contains four endemic species (E. parallelum, E. prasinum, E. proteus, and E. viride, as well as 16 non-endemic species. The sympatry of these phylogenetically unrelated species might indicate ancient vicariance processes, followed by episodes of dispersal. Based on our results, we suggest a close relationship between these provinces, with the Maule representing a complex area.Eurymetopum es un género de cléridos andinos con 22 especies. Modelamos los nichos ecológicos de 19 especies con Maxent y los utilizamos como mapas de distribución potencial para identificar patrones de riqueza y endemismo. Todos los mapas de las especies se superpusieron en un mapa único para determinar la riqueza. Realizamos un análisis de optimalidad con NDM/VNDM en una cuadrícula de 1º de latitud-longitud para identificar el endemismo. Hallamos un área de mayor riqueza, localizada entre los 32º y 41º de latitud sur, donde los pixeles más ricos poseen 16 especies. Se identificó un área de endemismo en las provincias biogeográficas del Maule y el Bosque Valdiviano, la cual se extiende también a la provincia de Santiago de la subregión Chilena Central, y que contiene cuatro especies endémicas (E. parallelum, E. prasinum, E. proteus y E. viride, as

  1. A comparative ZOO-FISH analysis in bats elucidates the phylogenetic relationships between Megachiroptera and five microchiropteran families.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Volleth, M; Heller, K G; Pfeiffer, R A; Hameister, H

    2002-01-01

    Fluorescence in-situ hybridization with human whole chromosome painting probes (WCPs) was applied to compare the karyotypes of members of five bat families. Twenty-five evolutionarily conserved units (ECUs) were identified by ZOO-FISH analysis. In 10 of these 25 ECUs, thorough GTG-band comparison revealed an identical banding pattern in all families studied. Differences in the remaining ECUs were used as characters to judge the phylogenetic relationships within Chiroptera. Close relationships were found between Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae. Also closely related are the representatives of the yangochiropteran families Phyllostomidae (genus studied: Glossophaga, Volleth et al. 1999), Molossidae and Vespertilionidae. All microchiropteran species studied here share four common features not found in the megachiropteran species Eonycteris spelaea. Two of these are considered as derived characters with a high probability of parallel evolution. On the other hand, Eonycteris shares one common, probably derived feature with the rhinolophoid families Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae and an additional one only with Hipposideridae. At the moment, the relationships between Yangochiroptera, Rhinolophoidea and Megachiroptera must be left in an unsolved trichotomy. Comparison of neighboring segment combinations found in Chiroptera with those found in other mammalian taxa revealed six synapomorphic features for Chiroptera. Therefore, for karyological reasons, monophyly of Chiroptera is strongly supported.

  2. Mamíferos de la Selva Zoque, México: riqueza, uso y conservación

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    Iván Lira-Torres

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available En el sureste de México, la Selva Zoque es considerada la segunda mayor extensión de selvas y bosques bien conservados al norte de Mesoamérica. En este estudio se presenta una lista actualizada de los mamíferos de esta región. Analizamos el estado de riesgo de los mamíferos de acuerdo a las leyes Mexicanas e internacionales, y se evaluó el uso que las comunidades rurales les dan. La información se obtuvo de bases de datos de colecciones nacionales e internacionales y publicaciones; asimismo, se realizó trabajo de campo a partir del 2003 hasta el 2010, siguiendo técnicas convencionales. La mastofauna de la región está compuesta de 149 especies, que pertenecen a 99 géneros y 30 familias. Esta gran riqueza de mamíferos señala a la Selva Zoque como la región más rica de especies en México. En la región se localizan 35 especies registradas en la Norma 059, además de otras 21 registradas en la lista roja de la IUCN o en CITES. De las 40 especies incluidas en alguna de las listas, solamente el tapir, el jaguar y el pecarí de labios blancos se incluyen en las tres listas y 14 especies son compartidas por dos de ellas. Los principales usos que se les da a los mamíferos en orden de importancia son: 1 carne de monte, 2 mascotas, 3 pieles y 4 medicina tradicional. La cacería de subsistencia y su comercio están permitidas extraoficialmente para los campesinos de esta zona. Esta región aun posee poblaciones saludables de una gran cantidad de mamíferos utilizados por los pobladores locales; sin embargo, un gran número de éstas se encuentran enlistadas bajo algún criterio de riesgo.

  3. Liquens brasileiros: novas descobertas evidenciam a riqueza no Norte e Nordeste do país

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    Marcela Eugenia da Silva Cáceres

    2014-10-01

    Full Text Available A maioria das espécies não descritas de fungos é esperada em áreas pouco estudadas, como as florestas tropicais ou habitats pouco explorados como fungos que vivem em insetos, plantas, ou liquens. O Filo Ascomycota apresenta o maior número de espécies dentro do Reino Fungi, sendo que cerca da metade destas espécies são liquenizadas, ou seja, associam-se a algas e/ou cianobactérias e formam os liquens. Estes fungos liquenizados, de maneira geral, têm sido muito pouco estudados no Norte e Nordeste brasileiros, no que diz respeito à sua taxonomia e ecologia. Recentemente, estudos mais completos sobre a diversidade de liquens em remanescente de Mata Atlântica e em algumas áreas da Amazônia resultaram no registro de uma grande quantidade de espécies novas para a ciência, reforçando a importância de uma caracterização mais acurada da biodiversidade de uma área para favorecer à sua conservação. No âmbito do projeto Sisbiota, foi realizado um extenso inventário de espécies de liquens corticícolas crostosos e microfoliosos no estado de Rondônia, representando a Floresta Amazônia, e no estado de Sergipe, que apresenta apenas pequenos remanescentes de Mata Altântica. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam a riqueza destas duas áreas, nas suas devidas proporções, visto que em ambas foi encontrado um número significativo de novas espécies para ciência, com 75 espécies publicadas para Rondônia, e 10 espécies novas para Sergipe. Com isso, atualmente, o número de espécies conhecidas para Rondônia passou de 31 para 502, sendo apresentados aqui 104 novos registros para o estado, sendo 10 novos registros para o Brasil e sete para o hemisfério sul.

  4. Variaciones en la riqueza de macromamíferos de España durante el Neógeno

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    Nieto, M.

    2003-12-01

    implicadas y apuntándose posibles causas de los cambios observados. Los resultados muestran un fuerte aumento en el número de especies presentes en la Península desde el final del Mioceno inferior hasta la primera mitad del Mioceno tardio, seguido de un fuerte descenso hasta el Plioceno, interrumpido por un aumento temporal de la riqueza durante el final del Mioceno. Paralelamente a la riqueza general de la Península, se aprecia que las faunas locales (correspondientes a yacimientos individuales registradas durante el Mioceno medio y superior son, en algunos casos, excepcionalmente diversas, equiparables a las de los ecosistemas tropicales más ricos de la actualidad. Los cambios temporales en la diversidad son comúnmente interpretados como respuestas a cambios climáticos. Sin embargo, los análisis realizados apuntan la posibilidad de que muchos de estos cambios sean consecuencia de diferencias en el registro. A nivel de diversidad local, por diferencias en los procesos de formación de los yacimientos y, a nivel regional (de la Península Ibérica, relacionados con el número de yacimientos y áreas estudiadas en los distintos momentos. Asimismo, la comparación de los patrones de diversidad obtenidos con curvas climáticas globales publicadas recientemente, así como con distintos eventos biogeográficos relacionados con la apertura y cierre de vías migratorias, permiten apreciar una mayor relación de los cambios de diversidad con procesos biogeográficos y en cierto grado con las variaciones en los niveles globales de CO2. Los resultados apuntan también diversos patrones de relación entre la diversidad local (el número de especies por yacimiento y la regional (el número de especies en la Península Ibérica que podrían estar relacionados con cambios en la heterogeneidad ambiental presente en la Península a lo largo del tiempo.

  5. Visiones jesuíticas del Amazonas en la Colonia: de la misión como dominio espiritual a la exploración de las riquezas del río vistas como tesoro

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    Fernando Torres-Londoño

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo examina las elaboraciones textuales de jesuitas españoles y portugueses en relación con el río Amazonas durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. Los jesuitas de las misiones de Maynas, establecidas entre diversos tributarios del río Amazonas, entendieron sus misiones como la mejor forma de garantizar el dominio español en la región. El fracaso de este modelo aproximó a los misioneros de Maynas a la visión de los jesuitas portugueses del Pará, entre ellos el padre João Daniel, que vieron el río Amazonas como una gran fuente de riqueza, base para una ocupación sustentada en el poblamiento y la agricultura.

  6. Patrones de riqueza altitudinal de Papilionidae, Pieridae y Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera en áreas montañosas de México

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    David

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Las mariposas diurnas integran uno de los grupos más utilizados para el reconocimiento y monitoreo de la diversidad de una biota. Se realizó un estudio comparativo de las faunas de mariposas de las familias Papilionidae, Pieridae y Nymphalidae de cinco áreas montañosas de México, situadas en las vertientes Atlántico y Pacífico: las sierras de Atoyac de Álvarez, Manantlán, Juárez, y las áreas de Teocelo-Xalapa y la región Loxicha, con un total de 34 localidades representativas de los cinco transectos altitudinales, que comprenden de los 300 a los 3 100m de altitud. Se observó una tendencia general a la disminución de la riqueza con la altitud. Se analizó la similitud entre el total de localidades mediante el índice de Sørensen, diferenciándose en primer lugar las dos estaciones de elevaciones superiores (sobre los 2 500msnm, caracterizadas por pobres lepidóptero-faunas. En el grupo principal (32 sitios las principales agrupaciones se dan de acuerdo, en primer lugar, a la pertenencia a la vertiente pacífica o atlántica, evento más histórico que ecológico y, después, las estaciones de una misma sierra o según tres diferentes pisos altitudinales, que se caracterizan de acuerdo con los táxones predominantes.

  7. Dietary energy estimate inferred from fruit preferences of Cynopterus sphinx (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Pteropodidae in a flight cage in tropical China

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    A. Mukherjee

    2010-06-01

    Full Text Available From a conservation standpoint, inferences about dietary intake are much more robust when placed within a demographic, temporal and nutritional context. We investigated the dietary cornerstones of fruit preference and the dietary energy gained in the Short-nosed Fruit Bat Cynopterus sphinx. Feeding trials were conducted with 15 wild-caught bats kept in a large flight cage in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China, over nine weeks. The goal was to estimate the amount of food required for the sustenance of C. sphinx in captivity and calculate the food amount in terms of energy. Of the fruits (apple, banana, pear, papaya and guava offered, apple (89% and banana (93% were found to be preferred. The relative consumption of fruit species tended to be positively correlated with the energy value per gram fruit. Banana (93% was the most preferred and papaya (47% the least preferred of the offered fruits. The results suggest that the minimum recommended dietary intake is 214-267 kJ per day for an individual of C. sphinx in captivity with conditions allowing flight. From this, we can assume that the same energy requirements may represent the minimum intake for bats in the wild. Both body mass and food consumption decreased significantly when bats were kept in a small cage.

  8. Environment and host species shape the skin microbiome of captive neotropical bats

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    Tromas, Nicolas; Shapiro, B. Jesse; Lapointe, François-Joseph

    2016-01-01

    Background A wide range of microorganisms inhabit animal skin. This microbial community (microbiome) plays an important role in host defense against pathogens and disease. Bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia) are an ecologically and evolutionarily diversified group with a relatively unexplored skin microbiome. The bat skin microbiome could play a role in disease resistance, for example, to white nose syndrome (WNS), an infection which has been devastating North American bat populations. However, fundamental knowledge of the bat skin microbiome is needed before understanding its role in health and disease resistance. Captive neotropical frugivorous bats Artibeus jamaicensis and Carollia perspicillataprovide a simple controlled system in which to characterize the factors shaping the bat microbiome. Here, we aimed to determine the relative importance of habitat and host species on the bat skin microbiome. Methods We performed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the skin microbiome of two different bat species living in captivity in two different habitats. In the first habitat, A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata lived together, while the second habitat contained only A. jamaicensis. Results We found that both habitat and host species shape the composition and diversity of the skin microbiome, with habitat having the strongest influence. Cohabitating A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata shared more similar skin microbiomes than members of the same species (A. jamaicensis) across two habitats. Discussion These results suggest that in captivity, the skin microbial community is homogenised by the shared environments and individual proximities of bats living together in the same habitat, at the expense of the innate host species factors. The predominant influence of habitat suggests that environmental microorganisms or pathogens might colonize bat skin. We also propose that bat populations could differ in pathogen susceptibility depending on their immediate environment and

  9. Environment and host species shape the skin microbiome of captive neotropical bats

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    Virginie Lemieux-Labonté

    2016-09-01

    Full Text Available Background A wide range of microorganisms inhabit animal skin. This microbial community (microbiome plays an important role in host defense against pathogens and disease. Bats (Chiroptera: Mammalia are an ecologically and evolutionarily diversified group with a relatively unexplored skin microbiome. The bat skin microbiome could play a role in disease resistance, for example, to white nose syndrome (WNS, an infection which has been devastating North American bat populations. However, fundamental knowledge of the bat skin microbiome is needed before understanding its role in health and disease resistance. Captive neotropical frugivorous bats Artibeus jamaicensis and Carollia perspicillataprovide a simple controlled system in which to characterize the factors shaping the bat microbiome. Here, we aimed to determine the relative importance of habitat and host species on the bat skin microbiome. Methods We performed high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the skin microbiome of two different bat species living in captivity in two different habitats. In the first habitat, A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata lived together, while the second habitat contained only A. jamaicensis. Results We found that both habitat and host species shape the composition and diversity of the skin microbiome, with habitat having the strongest influence. Cohabitating A. jamaicensis and C. perspicillata shared more similar skin microbiomes than members of the same species (A. jamaicensis across two habitats. Discussion These results suggest that in captivity, the skin microbial community is homogenised by the shared environments and individual proximities of bats living together in the same habitat, at the expense of the innate host species factors. The predominant influence of habitat suggests that environmental microorganisms or pathogens might colonize bat skin. We also propose that bat populations could differ in pathogen susceptibility depending on their immediate

  10. Rediscovery of the type series of the Acadian Masked Shrew, Sorex acadicus Gilpin, 1865 (Mammalia: Soricidae), with the designation of a neotype and a reevaluation of its taxonomic status

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    Woodman, Neal

    2018-01-01

    The name Sorex acadicus Gilpin, 1865 is currently recognized as the valid name for the Nova Scotian subspecies of the masked shrew, S. cinereus Kerr, 1792 (Mammalia: Soricidae), but a holotype for the taxon was never designated, and the location of the type series has been a mystery. The authority for this species, John Bernard Gilpin, was associated with the Nova Scotia Museum, Halifax, NS, but that institution has no Gilpin specimens in its possession, and I could find no record of Gilpin shrews in any other Canadian Museum. I recently discovered a series of Gilpin specimens in the Mammal Collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (USNM), some of which may have been part of the original type series of S. acadicus, and I show that these specimens best represent Gilpin's concept of the taxon. From this series, I designate a neotype for S. acadicus. I also evaluate the distinctiveness of Nova Scotian S. c. acadicus compared with S. c. cinereus from Maine, New Brunswick, and New Hampshire and determine that S. acadicus should be considered a junior synonym of S. c. cinereus.

  11. New data on Amynodontidae (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) from Eastern Europe: Phylogenetic and palaeobiogeographic implications around the Eocene-Oligocene transition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tissier, Jérémy; Becker, Damien; Codrea, Vlad; Costeur, Loïc; Fărcaş, Cristina; Solomon, Alexandru; Venczel, Marton; Maridet, Olivier

    2018-01-01

    Amynodontidae is a family of Rhinocerotoidea (Mammalia, Perissodactyla) known from the late Early Eocene to the latest Oligocene, in North America and Eurasia. European Amynodontidae are very rare, and all remains belong almost exclusively to a single post-Grande Coupure genus from the Oligocene, Cadurcotherium. The "Grande Coupure" defines an extinctions and dispersal-generated originations event in Europe that is nearly contemporaneous with the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Perissodactyls are one of the major groups affected by this event: Palaeotheriidae went almost extinct during this crisis, whereas Rhinocerotidae appeared for the first time in Europe. Study of fossiliferous Eastern-European localities from this age is crucial for the understanding of this crisis. We report here three new localities of Amynodontidae in Eastern Europe. Two of them are dated from the Eocene (Morlaca, Romania; Dorog, Hungary), whereas the other is either Late Eocene or Early Oligocene (Dobârca, Romania). The skull from this latter locality belongs unexpectedly to the same individual as a previously described mandible attributed to "Cadurcodon" zimborensis. As a result, this specimen can be allocated to its proper locality, Dobârca, and is assigned to a new genus, Sellamynodon gen. nov. It is characterised by an extraordinary growth of the nuchal crest, a unique character among amynodontids. Along with this remarkable material from Dobârca, two specimens from another Romanian locality, Morlaca, have been recently discovered and are dated from the Late Eocene. They belong, as well as new material from Dorog (Middle Eocene, Hungary), to the genus Amynodontopsis, also found in North America. The new Hungarian material represents the earliest occurrence of Amynodontidae in Europe. New phylogenetic hypotheses of Rhinocerotoidea are proposed, including the new material presented here, and show that Amynodontidae may be closer to the polyphyletic family 'Hyracodontidae' than to

  12. Efectos de la planta en cojín Oreopolus glacialis (Rubiaceae sobre la riqueza y diversidad de especies en una comunidad alto-andina de Chile central Effects of the cushion plant Oreopolus glacialis (Rubiaceae on species richness and diversity in a high-Andean plant community of central Chile

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    ERNESTO I BADANO

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available Las plantas en cojín que crecen en ambientes de alta montaña modifican microclimáticamente su entorno, generando microhábitats favorables para el establecimiento de otras especies, actuando como nodrizas. Varios estudios han demostrado que los cojines contienen una mayor riqueza de especies que los espacios abiertos. Sin embargo, hasta ahora, no se ha evaluado el efecto de los cojines sobre otros parámetros comunitarios como la abundancia de individuos, la diversidad y la equitatividad. En este trabajo se analiza el efecto que posee Oreopolus glacialis, una planta en cojín de la cordillera andina, sobre la riqueza, abundancia, diversidad y equitatividad de la comunidad vegetal en un ambiente de alta montaña ubicado a 1.900 m en Chile central. Se determino la riqueza y abundancia de especies que crecen tanto sobre cojines de O. glacialis como en los espacios abiertos entre cojines. Los resultados mostraron que la riqueza de especies y la abundancia de individuos por unidad de área es mayor dentro de los cojines que fuera de ellos. Sin embargo, los valores de diversidad y equitatividad sobre O. glacialis fueron menores que fuera de ellos debido a la presencia de algunas especies dominantes. Análisis particulares de la frecuencia y abundancia de cada especie mostraron que no todas las especies son afectadas de la misma manera por la presencia de este cojín, por lo que O. glacialis actuaría como nodriza sólo para una parte limitada de los componentes de la comunidadCushion plants growing in high mountain habitats can modify the microclimate within their canopy generating microhabitats more favorable for the recruitment of other plant species, acting as nurse plants. Although several studies have shown that species richness is higher within cushions than outside them, no attempts have been made in order to assess the effect of cushions on other community aspects such as total and individual abundance, diversity and evenness. In this study

  13. The oldest African bat from the early Eocene of El Kohol (Algeria).

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    Ravel, Anthony; Marivaux, Laurent; Tabuce, Rodolphe; Adaci, Mohammed; Mahboubi, Mohammed; Mebrouk, Fateh; Bensalah, Mustapha

    2011-05-01

    The Afro-Arabian Paleogene fossil record of Chiroptera is very poor. In North Africa and Arabia, this record is limited, thus far, to a few localities mainly in Tunisia (Chambi, late early Eocene), Egypt (Fayum, late Eocene to early Oligocene), and Sultanate of Oman (Taqah, early Oligocene). It consists primarily of isolated teeth or mandible fragments. Interestingly, these African fossil bats document two modern groups (Vespertilionoidea and Rhinolophoidea) from the early Eocene, while the bat fossil record of the same epoch of North America, Eurasia, and Australia principally includes members of the "Eochiroptera." This paraphyletic group contains all primitive microbats excluding modern families. In Algeria, the region of Brezina, southeast of the Atlas Mountains, is famous for the early Eocene El Kohol Formation, which has yielded one of the earliest mammalian faunas of the African landmass. Recent fieldwork in the same area has led to the discovery of a new vertebrate locality, including isolated teeth of Chiroptera. These fossils represent the oldest occurrence of Chiroptera in Africa, thus extending back the record of the group to the middle early Eocene (Ypresian) on that continent. The material consists of an upper molar and two fragments of lower molars. The dental character association matches that of "Eochiroptera." As such, although very fragmentary, the material testifies to the first occurrence of "Eochiroptera" in Algeria, and by extension in Africa. This discovery demonstrates that this basal group of Chiroptera had a worldwide distribution during the early Paleogene.

  14. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA reveals reticulate evolution in hares (Lepus spp., Lagomorpha, Mammalia from Ethiopia.

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    Zelalem Tolesa

    Full Text Available For hares (Lepus spp., Leporidae, Lagomorpha, Mammalia from Ethiopia no conclusive molecular phylogenetic data are available. To provide a first molecular phylogenetic model for the Abyssinian Hare (Lepus habessinicus, the Ethiopian Hare (L. fagani, and the Ethiopian Highland Hare (L. starcki and their evolutionary relationships to hares from Africa, Eurasia, and North America, we phylogenetically analysed mitochondrial ATPase subunit 6 (ATP6; n = 153 / 416bp and nuclear transferrin (TF; n = 155 / 434bp sequences of phenotypically determined individuals. For the hares from Ethiopia, genotype composition at twelve microsatellite loci (n = 107 was used to explore both interspecific gene pool separation and levels of current hybridization, as has been observed in some other Lepus species. For phylogenetic analyses ATP6 and TF sequences of Lepus species from South and North Africa (L. capensis, L. saxatilis, the Anatolian peninsula and Europe (L. europaeus, L. timidus were also produced and additional TF sequences of 18 Lepus species retrieved from GenBank were included as well. Median joining networks, neighbour joining, maximum likelihood analyses, as well as Bayesian inference resulted in similar models of evolution of the three species from Ethiopia for the ATP6 and TF sequences, respectively. The Ethiopian species are, however, not monophyletic, with signatures of contemporary uni- and bidirectional mitochondrial introgression and/ or shared ancestral polymorphism. Lepus habessinicus carries mtDNA distinct from South African L. capensis and North African L. capensis sensu lato; that finding is not in line with earlier suggestions of its conspecificity with L. capensis. Lepus starcki has mtDNA distinct from L. capensis and L. europaeus, which is not in line with earlier suggestions to include it either in L. capensis or L. europaeus. Lepus fagani shares mitochondrial haplotypes with the other two species from Ethiopia, despite its distinct

  15. Datos geográficos de los murciélagos (Chiroptera en el Neotrópico

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    Elkin A. Noguera-Urbano

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available Los esfuerzos globales para digitalizar los datos de ocurrencia de la biodiversidad en colecciones, museos y otras instituciones han estimulado el desarrollo de herramientas para mejorar el conocimiento y conservación de la biodiversidad. La “Global Biodiversity Information Facility” GBIF permite el acceso a más de 321 millones de registros, alojados en 379 instituciones. Los murciélagos neotropicales son un grupo muy diverso y especializado y la información geográfica del grupo se ha incrementado desde hace unos años, pero son pocos los reportes acerca del tema. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el número de registros disponibles en GBIF de los murciélagos neotropicales de 21 países de América. Por lo tanto, se evaluó la consistencia del nombre científico y la calidad geográfica a escala de país. Además, se evaluaron vacíos de información sobre una grilla de 1° latitud y 1° longitud. Hubo cerca de 1/2 millón de registros, de los cuales el 58% no incluyeron coordenadas geográficas; el 52% pasaron las dos evaluaciones. Se estimó que el 54% del área geográfica analizada no tiene registros; los vacíos están en centros de biodiversidad como la Amazonía y la Patagonia. En conclusión nuestros resultados sugieren que los datos disponibles en GBIF tienen sesgos geográficos y en los nombres científicos. Los datos de GBIF representan parcialmente las riquezas de murciélagos, además los principales vacíos de información se encuentran en América del Sur.

  16. Riqueza de formigas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae epigéicas em povoamentos de Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae de diferentes idades no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Richness of epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae in Eucalyptus spp. plantations with different ages in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

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    Ricardo Carvalho Fonseca

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo descreve as comunidades de formigas de solo em povoamentos de eucalipto implantados em ecossistema de restinga no Rio Grande do Sul. As coletas de formigas foram feitas em seis povoamentos de Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden e de Eucalyptus saligna Smith com idades de 31, 19, sete e cinco anos. Para as coletas de formigas, foram selecionados ao acaso 24 talhões, quatro por povoamento. Em cada talhão, foram traçados três transectos com 100 m de comprimento, afastados entre si 12 m. Ao longo dos transectos, foram enterradas 30 armadilhas, tipo pitfall, com iscas de sardinha, afastadas entre si 10 m e mantidas por 24 horas. Foi coletado um total de 21.033 formigas pertencentes a cinco subfamílias, 12 tribos, 19 gêneros e 49 espécies. De acordo com o estimador de riqueza jackknife de primeira ordem, não houve diferenças significativas entre as riquezas das comunidades de formigas considerando as espécies de eucalipto (U = 81,500; g.l.=1; P=0,582 e as idades dos povoamentos (U=2,504; g.l.=3; P=0,547. Os resultados indicam que a riqueza de espécies de formigas não está relacionada à espécie de eucalipto e/ou à idade do povoamento implantado na restinga.The present study describes the epigaeic ant communities in eucalyptus plantations in sandbank in Rio Grande do Sul State. Ant collections were performed in six plantations of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden and Eucalyptus saligna Smith with ages varying between five to 31 years old. A total of 24 areas (four/area were randomly selected for ant collections. In each one, three transects of 100 m were designed at intervals of 12 m. Along each transect, ten pitfall traps with sardine baits were placed, at intervals of 10 m for a 24-hour-period. A total of 21,033 ants were collected, belonging to five subfamilies, 12 tribes, 19 genera and 49 species. According to the jackknife estimator of first order, there was no significant difference between the ant communities richness

  17. Multivariate analysis of Morphological characters of Pipistrellus Pipistrellus (Schreber, 1774) and P. Nathusii (Keyserling & Blasius, 1839) (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from the Netherlands

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Grol, B.P.F.E.

    1985-01-01

    Within the Vespertilionidae the genus Pipistrellus Kaup, 1829 is characterized by the presence of a calcar lobe (epiblema) attached to the calcar bone, the presence of two upper premolars on each side and a forearm length smaller than 38 mm. Two representatives of this genus occur in The

  18. Characters and phylogenetic relationships of nectar-feeding bats, with descriptions of new Lonchophylla from western South America (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllini)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Woodman, N.; Timm, R.M.

    2006-01-01

    The Neotropical Lonchophyllini (Chiropter: Phyllostomidae) currently comprise four genera and thirteen species of nectar-feeding bats. These species often are separated into larger-bodied (eight species) and smaller-bodied (five species) forms to aid in identification. Our morphological and morphometrical analyses of the smaller Lonchophyllini revealed the existence of two distinctive, previously undescribed species of bats of the genus Lonchophylla from western South America. We describe a new form from Amazonian Peru as Lonchophylla pattoni and one from western Colombia as Lonchophylla cadenai. Phyllogenetic analysis of the Lonchophyllini based primarily on morphological characters indicates that these two new species are closely related to Lonchophylla thomasi.

  19. A tripartite survey of hyperparasitic fungi associated with ectoparasitic flies on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera in a neotropical cloud forest in Panama

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    Walker Melissa J.

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available The Darién province in eastern Panama is one of the most unexplored and biodiverse regions in the world. The Chucantí Nature Reserve, in Serranía de Majé, consists of a diverse tropical cloud forest ecosystem. The aim of this research was to explore and study host associations of a tripartite system of bats, ectoparasitic flies on bats (Diptera, Streblidae, and ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales that use bat flies as hosts. We captured bats at Chucantí, screened each bat for presence of bat flies, and screened collected bat flies for presence of Laboulbeniales. We mistnetted for 68 mistnet hours and captured 227 bats representing 17 species. We captured Micronycteris schmidtorum, a species previously unreported in Darién. In addition, we encountered the rarely collected Platyrrhinus dorsalis, representing the westernmost report for this species. Of all captured bats, 148 carried bat flies (65%. The number of sampled bat flies was 437, representing 16 species. One species represents a new country record (Trichobius anducei and five species represent first reports for Darién (Basilia anceps, Anatrichobius scorzai, Nycterophilia parnelli, T. johnsonae, T. parasiticus. All 74 bat fly species currently reported in Panama are presented in tabulated form. Of all screened bat flies, 30 bore Laboulbeniales fungi (7%. Based on both morphology and large ribosomal subunit (LSU sequence data, we delimited 7 species of Laboulbeniales: Gloeandromyces nycteribiidarum (newly reported for Panama, G. pageanus, G. streblae, Nycteromyces streblidinus, and 3 undescribed species. Of the 30 infected flies, 21 were Trichobius joblingi. This species was the only host on which we observed double infections of Laboulbeniales.

  20. Estrutura da comunidade de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera da Estação Experimental de Itirapina, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

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    Therys M. Sato

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available A estrutura de comunidades de morcegos no Brasil ainda é pouco estudada e vêm sofrendo sérias modificações devido à perda de habitats. O principal objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a comunidade de morcegos da Estação Experimental de Itirapina, município de Itirapina, Estado de São Paulo. Nesta Estação, além das espécies cultivadas de Eucalyptus e Pinus, há diversas plantas que podem fornecer alimento aos morcegos. Entre julho de 2001 e julho de 2006, foram realizadas 58 sessões noturnas de captura de morcegos com 4 a 12 redes-de-neblina dispostas a cada sessão. Nesse período, foram capturados 720 indivíduos de 16 espécies de morcegos dos quais 13 pertencem à família Phyllostomidae, duas à Vespertilionidae e uma à Molossidae. A curva cumulativa de espécies atingiu o equilíbrio, no qual apenas espécies raras são acrescentadas. Cinco espécies (Artibeus lituratus, Platyrrhinus lineatus, Carollia perspicillata, Glossophaga soricina e Sturnira lilium representaram 80% dos morcegos capturados na Estação Experimental, onde se alimentavam de frutos de plantas pioneiras, tais como Cecropia pachystachya, Solanum spp. e Piper spp. A prevalência do vírus rábico foi zero na amostragem das 10 espécies analisadas. Apesar de estar muito modificada, a Estação Experimental de Itirapina pode ser uma importante área de abrigo e alimento para os morcegos e tem potencial de atuar como corredor entre áreas de Cerrado e Mata Atlântica.

  1. A tripartite survey of hyperparasitic fungi associated with ectoparasitic flies on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in a neotropical cloud forest in Panama.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walker, Melissa J; Dorrestein, Annabel; Camacho, Jasmin J; Meckler, Lauren A; Silas, Kirk A; Hiller, Thomas; Haelewaters, Danny

    2018-01-01

    The Darién province in eastern Panama is one of the most unexplored and biodiverse regions in the world. The Chucantí Nature Reserve, in Serranía de Majé, consists of a diverse tropical cloud forest ecosystem. The aim of this research was to explore and study host associations of a tripartite system of bats, ectoparasitic flies on bats (Diptera, Streblidae), and ectoparasitic fungi (Ascomycota, Laboulbeniales) that use bat flies as hosts. We captured bats at Chucantí, screened each bat for presence of bat flies, and screened collected bat flies for presence of Laboulbeniales. We mistnetted for 68 mistnet hours and captured 227 bats representing 17 species. We captured Micronycteris schmidtorum, a species previously unreported in Darién. In addition, we encountered the rarely collected Platyrrhinus dorsalis, representing the westernmost report for this species. Of all captured bats, 148 carried bat flies (65%). The number of sampled bat flies was 437, representing 16 species. One species represents a new country record (Trichobius anducei) and five species represent first reports for Darién (Basilia anceps, Anatrichobius scorzai, Nycterophilia parnelli, T. johnsonae, T. parasiticus). All 74 bat fly species currently reported in Panama are presented in tabulated form. Of all screened bat flies, 30 bore Laboulbeniales fungi (7%). Based on both morphology and large ribosomal subunit (LSU) sequence data, we delimited 7 species of Laboulbeniales: Gloeandromyces nycteribiidarum (newly reported for Panama), G. pageanus, G. streblae, Nycteromyces streblidinus, and 3 undescribed species. Of the 30 infected flies, 21 were Trichobius joblingi. This species was the only host on which we observed double infections of Laboulbeniales. © M.J. Walker et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2018.

  2. Riqueza de galhas de insetos em áreas de Caatinga com diferentes graus de antropização do estado da Bahia, Brasil

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    Gilda P. Brito

    2018-03-01

    Full Text Available RESUMO O conhecimento sobre galhas de insetos da Caatinga ainda é fragmentado, com grande parte do esforço científico concentrado em alguns poucos pontos nos estados de Pernambuco e Bahia. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência de galhas entomógenas e realizar sua caracterização morfológica em áreas de Caatinga de Ibiassucê, Estado da Bahia, com diferentes intensidades de ação antrópica. Foram selecionadas três áreas com base nos seus diferentes graus de antropização. Em cada área amostrada foram estabelecidas quatro parcelas aleatórias de 10 m2 cada, com 10 m de distância entre si, perfazendo um total de 12 parcelas nos ambientes. Foram registrados 20 morfotipos de galhas distribuídos em nove espécies vegetais pertencentes a oito famílias. A maior riqueza de galhas foi encontrada nas áreas intermediárias (n=8, seguida das áreas antropizadas (n=7 e preservadas (n=5. Galhas globoides, marrons, com apenas uma câmara, glabras e disseminadas separadamente foram as mais frequentes. Lepidoptera, Coleoptera e Diptera (Cecidomyiidae foram as ordens galhadoras. Os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram a importância desse tipo estudo e evidenciam a necessidade da realização de inventários de galhas em áreas pouco ou não amostradas da Caatinga.

  3. Nomes secretos e riqueza visível: nominação no noroeste amazônico

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    Stephen Hugh-Jones

    2002-10-01

    Full Text Available A importância dos sistemas de nominação para a compreensão das sociedades e culturas ameríndias é hoje amplamente reconhecida, mas as informações sobre esse tópico concernentes aos povos Tukano do Noroeste Amazônico permanecem esparsas e dispersas. Tomando os Barasana e seus vizinhos como referência, este artigo apresenta alguns dados básicos quanto à onomástica tukano e discute similaridades entre as patrilinhagens tukano e os grupos de perfil "matrilinear" entre os Jê e os Bororo. Em ambos os casos, nomes e ornamentos estão ligados enquanto aspectos da riqueza e do espírito dos grupos. Por meio de um exame da transmissão onomástica como um dos componentes dos rituais que envolvem o nascimento, o artigo explora também a relação entre nomes, sangue, ossos e sopro como aspectos da pessoa. Finalmente, situa a onomástica tukano em um contexto comparativo mais amplo, argumentando que sua combinação de exonímia e endonímia, assim como a ausência de transmissão intervivos, a distingue das formas mais "puras" de endonímia encontradas entre os Bororo e os Kayapó.The importance of systems of naming for an understanding of Amerindian society and culture is now widely recognized but information on this topic relating to the Tukanoan-speaking peoples of north-west Amazonia remains sparse and scattered. Using the Barasana and their neighbours as a point of reference, this article presents some basic data on Tukanoan onomastics and discusses points of similarity between Tukanoan patrilineages and the matrilineage-like groupings amongst the Gê and Bororo. In each case, names and ornaments are linked as aspects of corporate wealth, property and spirit. Through an examination of name transmission as one component of the rituals surrounding childbirth, the article also explores the relation between names, blood, bone and breath as aspects of personhood. Finally it sets Tukanoan onomastics in a wider comparative context, arguing

  4. A critical survey of vestigial structures in the postcranial skeletons of extant mammals

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    Phil Senter

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available In the Mammalia, vestigial skeletal structures abound but have not previously been the focus of study, with a few exceptions (e.g., whale pelves. Here we use a phylogenetic bracketing approach to identify vestigial structures in mammalian postcranial skeletons and present a descriptive survey of such structures in the Mammalia. We also correct previous misidentifications, including the previous misidentification of vestigial caviid metatarsals as sesamoids. We also examine the phylogenetic distribution of vestigiality and loss. This distribution indicates multiple vestigialization and loss events in mammalian skeletal structures, especially in the hand and foot, and reveals no correlation in such events between mammalian fore and hind limbs.

  5. Riqueza muerta por un trust extranjero”. Desarrollo y problemáticas de la minería boratera en Jujuy (1880-1930

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa Bovi

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available En la provincia de Jujuy entre fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del siglo XX hubo un desplazamiento de la mineríatradicional aurífera a otros sectores, donde se concentraron las inversiones, los esfuerzos y las políticas. Entreellos, cobró especial dinamismo la explotación de boratos en las regiones de la Puna jujeña, subsidiaria de loscentros productores mundiales de cerámicos, de vidrios y de otras industrias del capitalismo impuesto por losritmos de la Segunda Revolución Industrial. Sin embargo, la nueva estructura minera que se perfilaba en la provincia favoreció la concentración delicencias y minas, promoviendo su carácter monopólico asociado a capitales internacionales. Ese proceso opera-ba en paralelo a la prefiguración de una “Nueva Argentina”, industrialista, proteccionista y con mayores equili-brios regionales, donde ciertos sectores de la minería considerados claves jugaban un rol central. Fue principal-mente con la experiencia del radicalismo jujeño de la década de 1920 que se promulgó un replanteo de la activi-dad minera provinciana protectora de las riquezas nacionales. El artículo se propone revaluar la actividad minera de la provincia entre mediados del siglo XIX y 1930,como un proceso de transición que combinó diversos ensayos y fracasos, analizando los procesos de reconver-sión, la estructura y performance de la explotación de boratos, la incidencia de la actividad en la economía pro-vincial y el accionar político desplegado.

  6. Riqueza de formigas de solo na praia da Pedreira, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS, Brasil Richness of ground-dwelling ants in the Praia da Pedreira, Parque Estadual de Itapuã, Viamão, RS, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Elena Diehl

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Neste trabalho são listadas as espécies de formigas de solo encontradas em três ambientes (mata nativa, barreira pedregosa e areias da orla na praia da Pedreira, localizada na Zona de Uso Intensivo do Parque Estadual de Itapuã, município de Viamão, RS. No total, foram identificadas 60 espécies representantes de 24 gêneros, 18 tribos e oito subfamílias (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Heteroponerinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae e Pseudomyrmecinae. Dos três ambientes amostrados, de acordo com o estimador de riqueza jackknife de primeira ordem, a mata nativa apresentou a maior riqueza (Sest= 37,5, seguindo-se a barreira pedregosa (Sest= 8,9 e as areias da orla (Sest= 5,9. Apenas Acromyrmex laticeps, Crematogaster sp. e Solenopsis invicta foram comuns aos três ambientes. Neste trabalho é feito o primeiro registro de ocorrência de Pachycondyla crenata e Pachycondyla laevigata (Ponerinae para o Rio Grande do Sul.Aiming to improve the knowledge on the Brazilian biodiversity, especially the ant fauna of Rio Grande do Sul State (Southern Brazil, this survey was conducted in the Praia da Pedreira, a site of Intensive Use of the Parque Estadual de Itapuã. Ground-dwelling ant species were surveyed for three environments in the beach (native forest, rock bar and sand bar, during 12 months (April/2000 - March/2001. Collections resulted in 60 species belonging to 24 genera, 18 tribes and eight subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Heteroponerinae, Myrmicinae, Ponerinae and Pseudomyrmecinae. According to the first order jackknife estimator, the native forest area presented the greatest richness (Sest= 37.5, followed by rock bar (Sest= 8.9 and sand bar (Sest= 5.9. Only Acromyrmex laticeps, Crematogaster sp. and Solenopsis invicta were common to all three environments. This paper presents the first record of Pachycondyla crenata and Pachycondyla laevigata (Ponerinae occurrence in the Rio Grande do Sul

  7. Riqueza, abundância e sazonalidade de Sphingidae (Lepidoptera num fragmento de Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco, Brasil Species richness, abundance and seasonality of Sphingidae (Lepidoptera in a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest of Pernambuco, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José A. Duarte Júnior

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available Na Mata Atlântica de Pernambuco, NE-Brasil (Reserva Biológica de Gurjaú, Cabo de Santo Agostinho foi realizado um levantamento de Sphingidae de dezembro de 2002 a novembro de 2003. Os esfingídeos foram coletados com luz de vapor de mercúrio durante duas noites consecutivas por mês, próximo ao novilúnio. Foram determinadas riqueza de espécies, abundância e sazonalidade. Oitenta e nove espécimes de 23 espécies em 13 gêneros foram registrados; 84% dos indivíduos foram machos. Muitas espécies foram raras e de 13 espécies foi coletado apenas um exemplar. Xylophanes loelia (Druce, 1878, X. libya (Druce, 1878, Hemeroplanes triptolemus (Cramer, 1779, Eumorpha anchemolus (Cramer, 1779, Manduca brasilensis (Jordan, 1911, M. hannibal (Cramer, 1779, Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790 e Protambulyx astygonus (Boisduval, [1875] foram registradas pela primeira vez no Nordeste do Brasil. A esfingofauna não mostrou nenhum padrão de sazonalidade, e riqueza e abundância de espécies de esfingídeos não se correlacionaram com precipitação mensal e temperatura.In the Atlantic Rainforest of Pernambuco, NE-Brazil (Reserva Biológica de Gurjaú, Cabo de Santo Agostinho a survey of Sphingidae was performed from December 2002 to November 2003. The hawkmoths were collected with vapor mercury light during two consecutive nights per months near new moon. Species richness, abundance and seasonality were determined. Eighty-nine specimens of 23 species in13 genera were recorded; 84% the individuals were males. Most species were rare and from 13 species only one exemplar was collected. Xylophanes loelia (Druce, 1878, X. libya (Druce, 1878, Hemeroplanes triptolemus (Cramer, 1779, Eumorpha anchemolus (Cramer, 1779, Manduca brasilensis (Jordan, 1911, M. hannibal (Cramer, 1779, Adhemarius gannascus (Stoll, 1790 e Protambulyx astygonus (Boisduval, [1875] were recorded for the first time in Northeastern Brazil. The sphingofauna showed no seasonal patterns and

  8. Famílias, poder e riqueza: redes políticas no Paraná em 2007 Families, power, and wealth: political networks in the state of Paraná in 2007

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    Ricardo Costa de Oliveira

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available A estrutura de poder não é uma abstração, ela se materializa em situações objetivas de posse de riqueza, se reproduz e se consolida graças a redes políticas, sociais e de parentesco. As redes políticas de poder são definidas neste artigo como conexões de interesses envolvendo, basicamente, empresários e cargos políticos no aparelho de Estado, no executivo, legislativo e no judiciário e, também, em outros espaços de poder buscando assegurar vantagens e privilégios para os participantes. Além da ideologia que lhe reforça a legitimidade, as redes podem utilizar artifícios tais como o nepotismo, o clientelismo e a corrupção. O estado do Paraná é apresentado como exemplo de modernidade, de racionalidade, de adesão aos valores e às práticas de um capitalismo regido pelos princípios de impessoalidade e de eficiência. Neste artigo mostraremos que isso é um mito. Para tanto, procederemos à genealogia de famílias que detêm poder e riqueza na atualidade, mas que estão associadas aos interesses dominantes há quase 300 anos. Nomes ilustres da política e da economia compõem uma surpreendente e intricada rede de relações familiares, de parentesco e de privilegiamento que assegura a estrutura do poder nas mais diversas conjunturas econômicas e políticas.The structure of power is not an abstraction; it is materialised in objective situations of possession of wealth, and is reproduced and consolidated thanks to political, social, and kinship networks. Networks of political power are defined in this article as connections of interest which basically involve businesspeople and political offices within the apparatus of the State, in the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary, as well as the other places of power seeking to secure advantages and privileges for their members. In addition to the ideology reinforcing their legitimacy, networks may use artifices like nepotism, clientelism and corruption. The state of Paran

  9. Spatial variation of mercury bioaccumulation in bats of Canada linked to atmospheric mercury deposition.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chételat, John; Hickey, M Brian C; Poulain, Alexandre J; Dastoor, Ashu; Ryjkov, Andrei; McAlpine, Donald; Vanderwolf, Karen; Jung, Thomas S; Hale, Lesley; Cooke, Emma L L; Hobson, Dave; Jonasson, Kristin; Kaupas, Laura; McCarthy, Sara; McClelland, Christine; Morningstar, Derek; Norquay, Kaleigh J O; Novy, Richard; Player, Delanie; Redford, Tony; Simard, Anouk; Stamler, Samantha; Webber, Quinn M R; Yumvihoze, Emmanuel; Zanuttig, Michelle

    2018-06-01

    Wildlife are exposed to neurotoxic mercury at locations distant from anthropogenic emission sources because of long-range atmospheric transport of this metal. In this study, mercury bioaccumulation in insectivorous bat species (Mammalia: Chiroptera) was investigated on a broad geographic scale in Canada. Fur was analyzed (n=1178) for total mercury from 43 locations spanning 20° latitude and 77° longitude. Total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in fur were positively correlated with concentrations in internal tissues (brain, liver, kidney) for a small subset (n=21) of little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus), validating the use of fur to indicate internal mercury exposure. Brain methylmercury concentrations were approximately 10% of total mercury concentrations in fur. Three bat species were mainly collected (little brown bats, big brown bats, and northern long-eared bats [M. septentrionalis]), with little brown bats having lower total mercury concentrations in their fur than the other two species at sites where both species were sampled. On average, juvenile bats had lower total mercury concentrations than adults but no differences were found between males and females of a species. Combining our dataset with previously published data for eastern Canada, median total mercury concentrations in fur of little brown bats ranged from 0.88-12.78μg/g among 11 provinces and territories. Highest concentrations were found in eastern Canada where bats are most endangered from introduced disease. Model estimates of atmospheric mercury deposition indicated that eastern Canada was exposed to greater mercury deposition than central and western sites. Further, mean total mercury concentrations in fur of adult little brown bats were positively correlated with site-specific estimates of atmospheric mercury deposition. This study provides the largest geographic coverage of mercury measurements in bats to date and indicates that atmospheric

  10. Identidade, riqueza e abundãncia de pequenos mamíferos (Rodentia e Didelphimorphia de área de Floresta com Araucária no estado do Paraná, Brasil

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    Guilherme Grazzini

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Roedores e Marsupiais são componentes importantes da fauna na região Neotropical. Estudos sobre a riqueza e abundância destes animais são raros na Floresta Ombrófila Mista (FOM e aqui apresentamos um inventário conduzido na Floresta Nacional de Piraí do Sul. Esta área possui uma área aproximada de 150 ha, cercada por pastos e plantações de Pinus. A amostragem foi feita através de armadilhas de queda, Sherman e Tomahawk, dispostas nos principais tipos de vegetação encontrados. Pelo menos um casal de cada espécie foi coletado. Como resultado, durante 5.892 armadilhas.noite nós obtivemos um total de 1.049 capturas, representando 17 espécies: Akodon montensis, Bibimys labiosus, Brucepattersonius iheringi, Cryptonanus sp., Didelphis albiventris, D. aurita, Gracilinanus microtarsus, Monodelphis americana, M. scalops, Myocastor coypus, Nectomys squamipes, Oligoryzomys nigripes, Oxymycterus judex, O. nasutus, Sooretamys angouya e Thaptomys nigrita. Capturas por armadilhas de queda representaram 67% do total, e oito espécies foram registradas exclusivamente por este método. Akodon montensis, O. nigripes e T. nigrita foram as espécies mais abundantes.

  11. Species richness of testate amoebae in different environments from the upper Paraná river floodplain (PR/MS = Riqueza de amebas testáceas em diferentes ambientes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná (PR/MS

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    Deise de Morais Costa

    2011-07-01

    Full Text Available This study evaluated the species richness of testate amoebae in the plankton from different environments of the upper Parana river floodplain. Samplings were performed at subsurface of pelagic region from twelve environments using motorized pump and plankton net (68 ƒÝm, during four hydrological periods. We identified 67 taxa, distributed in seven families and Arcellidae, Difflugiidae and Centropyxidae were the most representative families. Higher values of species richness were observed in the lakes (connected and isolated during the flood pulses. Centropyxis aculeata, Difflugia gramem and D.pseudogramem were frequent throughout the study period. Seasonal variability of species in the channels and isolated lakes was evidenced by beta diversity. Besides that, in the rivers, extreme changes in species composition were verified during the high-water period. Our results highlight the importance of the present study to improve the knowledge about the diversity and geographic distribution of these organisms in Brazil and emphasize the importance of current flow in the displacement of testate amoebae from their preferredhabitats, marginal vegetation and sediment.Este estudo objetivou avaliar a riqueza de taxons de amebas testaceas no plancton de diferentes ambientes da planicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana. Foram amostrados 12 pontos da regiao pelagica em diferentes ambientes (rios, canais e lagoas e em quatro periodos hidrologicos. Foram identificados 67 taxons, distribuidos em sete familias. Arcellidae, Difflugiidae e Centropyxidae foram as familiasmais especiosas. Nas lagoas (abertas e fechadas, durante os pulsos de inundacao, foram observados os maiores valores para a riqueza de especies. Centropyxis aculeata, Difflugia gramem e D. pseudogramem foram frequentes durante todo o periodo estudado. Os dados obtidos pela diversidade beta evidenciaram a variabilidade sazonal das especies nos canais e lagoas fechadas. Nos rios, as alteracoes

  12. Patrones de distribución geográfica de la riqueza de especies de roedores de la tribu Oryzomyini (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae en Sudamérica: Evaluando la importancia de los procesos de colonización y extinción Geographic patterns of richness distribution of rodents species from the Oryzomyini tribe (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae in South America: Evaluating the importance of colonization and extinction processes

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    EVELYN VALENCIA-PACHECO

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available La tribu de roedores Oryzomyini es la más diversa dentro de la subfamilia Sigmodontinae. Está constituida por 120 especies y 31 géneros, de las cuales 83 son endémicas del continente sudamericano. Este grupo exhibe una extensa distribución que abarca toda la región Neotropical, caracterizada por la presencia de una mayor riqueza en la Amazonia con una disminución monotónica hacia el sur y norte de Sudamérica. Este es un patrón bastante conocido en la mayoría de los taxones, por lo que se han propuesto varios mecanismos causales. Sin embargo, se desconocen los mecanismos que dan cuenta de este gradiente latitudinal en la riqueza de especies de Oryzomyini. Debido a que estas especies son originarias de la Amazonia, y que a través de su historia colonizaron ambientes nuevos y más variables (sur y norte, se evaluó la hipótesis fuente-sumidero, mediada por procesos de colonización y extinción, como potencial explicación al patrón de riqueza observado. Para evaluar esta hipótesis se reunió una base de datos de distribución y riqueza de especies por grado de latitud para todo el continente sudamericano. Posteriormente se evaluó el grado de anidamiento mediante los índices de T (temperatura, BR (discrepancia y NODF. Nuestros resultados evidenciaron un grado de anidamiento significativo en la distribución de Oryzomyini, y un anidamiento significativo separadamente en filas y columnas de la matriz. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la dinámica fuente-sumidero afecta el patrón de distribución de la riqueza de roedores Oryzominos, a través de un proceso de colonización durante su expansión en Sudamérica que fue mediado por los rangos de tolerancia de las especies. Finalmente, las especies menos tolerantes se habrían extinguido, lo que determinaría un menor número de especies hacia el sur y norte de la Amazonia.The Oryzomyini rodent tribe is the most diverse taxon within the Sigmodontinae subfamily. This tribe includes 120

  13. 2016 NOAA Topobathy Lidar DEM: Upper Lake Michigan Islands

    Data.gov (United States)

    National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Department of Commerce — This digital elevation model (DEM) was created from data collected by Leading Edge Geomatics using a Leica Chiroptera II Bathymetric & Topographic Sensor. The...

  14. Influencia de los defecaderos de camélidos sobre el desarrollo vegetal y riqueza de especies en morrenas glaciales, Tierra del Fuego Camelid defecation influences vegetation development and species richnesss on glacial moraines, Tierra del Fuego

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    JUAN M. HENRÍQUEZ

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available Los escasos trabajos de interacción planta-herbívoro en ambientes severos han concluido que los herbívoros tienen un rol menor sobre el proceso de colonización en los estados tempranos de la sucesión. Aquí se documentan los efectos de defecaderos de un herbívoro ungulado (Lamma guanicoe sobre los patrones vegetales en una intermorrena glacial reciente. Se evaluó la composición florística, frecuencia y síndrome de dispersión de las especies presentes sobre los defecaderos y sitios control. Parámetros de suelo fueron analizados en ambos substratos. La riqueza y diversidad de especies vasculares fueron significativamente mayores sobre los defecaderos. El síndrome de dispersión dominante es la anemocoría en la vegetación de ambos tipos de substratos. Los defecaderos presentan valores superiores de materia orgánica, nitrógeno y fósforo, indicando condiciones localmente más favorables para el establecimiento de plántulas en este ambiente pobre en nutrientes y materia orgánica. Finalmente, se discute acerca de los posibles mecanismos que originan la mayor riqueza y diversidad de especies sobre los defecaderos de guanaco, concluyendo que constituyen una fuente potencial de propágulos que puede acelerar el proceso de colonización en morrenas glaciaresThe few studies of herbivore-plant interaction in severe environments have concluded that the herbivores have a minor role on the process of colonization in the early states of the succession. This paper describes the effects of camelid (Lamma guanicoe dung heaps on vegetation patterns on a recent glacial moraine. Floristic composition, diversity, abundance and dispersion syndrome spectra of the vegetation growing on dung heaps was compared with that of control sites unaffected by camelid defecation. Soil parameters of both substrates were analyzed. Vascular species riches and diversity were significantly higher on dung heaps. Anemochory was the dominant dispersion syndrome on both

  15. African Zoology - Vol 44, No 1 (2009)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Helminth parasites of amphibians from a rainforest reserve in southwestern Nigeria ... Lion predation on elephants in the Savuti, Chobe National Park, Botswana ... (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from southern Africa and the western Indian Ocean ...

  16. Multiple births in Schlieffen's bat, Nycticeius schlieffenii (Peters, 1859)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the southern African subregion. M. van der Merwe and I.L. Rautenbach. Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria and Transvaal Museum, Pretoria. Nycticeius schlieffenii is a monestrous species that ...

  17. Extreme feeding behaviours in the Italian wall lizard, Podarcis siculus

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    Massimo Capula

    2011-06-01

    Full Text Available In the present paper the occurrence of cannibalism, unusual predation on small reptiles [Hemidactylus turcicus (Reptilia, Gekkonidae], and foraging on small mammal carrion [Suncus etruscus (Mammalia, Soricidae] by P. siculus is reported.

  18. Distribution patterns of terrestrial mammals in KwaZulu-Natal

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Park, Itala Game Reserve), the numbers of mammal species recorded .... Chiroptera and Rodentia, cannot be explained by the level of sampling, and .... generated data. A count of the ...... radarida aI/sorge;. Tmiarida condY/ ...

  19. Firming Up the Foundations: Reflections on Verifying the Quota ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    rbr

    of reference work in which the vocabulary of a language is traced through time". ..... and, finding in me an attentive and admiring auditor, had cordially invited me to visit his ..... Mammalia 232 Another member of this family..is also a native.

  20. Shining evolutionary light on human sleep and sleep disorders.

    OpenAIRE

    Krystal, Andrew; Nunn, CL; Samson, DR; Krystal, AD

    2016-01-01

    Sleep is essential to cognitive function and health in humans, yet the ultimate reasons for sleep-i.e. 'why' sleep evolved-remain mysterious. We integrate findings from human sleep studies, the ethnographic record, and the ecology and evolution of mammalia

  1. Variabilidad genética en géneros de ciervos neotropicales (Mammalia: Cervidae según loci microsatelitales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Manuel Ruiz-García

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available Los programas de conservación de especies se apoyan fuertemente en estudios de genética poblacional. En el presente estudio, reportamos diversos análisis genéticopoblacionales en ocho especies de cérvidos neotropicales (Mazama americana, M. gouzaoubira, M. rufina, Odocoileus virginianus, Hippocamelus antisensis, Pudu mephistopholes, Ozotoceros bezoarticus y Blastoceros dichotomus y, adicionalmente, en varias especies de cérvidos europeos y asiáticos (Cervus elaphus, C. nippon, Capreolus capreolus, C. pygargus and Dama dama. Una de esas especies europeas, la población de Cervus elaphus en Escocia, fue tomada como una población con un grado muy elevado de diversidad genética ya que proviene del cruce de diferentes grupos de ciervos rojos procedentes de diversas subespecies de la Europa continental. Desde una perspectiva de una diversidad genética depauperada, se tomó el nivel encontrado en una población de ciervos sika (Cervus nippon en Escocia, que prácticamente no mostró variabilidad a nivel molecular. Respecto a esos dos casos que consideramos como de elevada y escasa variabilidad genética, encontramos que las poblaciones analizadas de Mazama americana, M. gouzaoubira y Odocoileus virginianus estuvieron cerca del límite máximo encontrado para el ciervo rojo escocés (H=0.64, 0.70 y 0.61, respectivamente, mientras que M. rufina mostró el más bajo grado de variabilidad genética de las especies neotropicales, cercano al extremo mínimo presentado por C. nippon. Algunas de las muestras de Mazama y de Odocoileus, tomadas a nivel macrogeográfico, mostraron un exceso de homocigotos debido, probablemente, a la existencia de efecto Wahlund (efecto de subdivisión. Ninguna de las especies analizadas parece haber atravesado un cuello de botella reciente.Genetic variability in Neotropical deer genera (Mammalia: Cervidae according to DNA microsatellite loci. Species conservation programs are highly based on analyses of population

  2. Atlas van de Nederlandse vleermuizen 1970-1984, alsmede een vergelijking met vroegere gegevens

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Glas, G.H.

    1986-01-01

    The present distribution of bats (Chiroptera) in The Netherlands is documented and discussed. For each species a map is given illustrating the distribution before and after 1970. Where available, data are presented on migration, population trends, nursing colonies, roosts and hibernation sites,

  3. Riqueza e diversidade de aves aquáticas de uma lagoa natural no sudeste do Brasil Species richness and diversity of waterbirds of a natural lake in southeastern Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Rodrigues

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available O aumento ou decréscimo das populações de aves aquáticas tem sido usado como indicador da qualidade de água e conseqüentemente da qualidade ambiental. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de inventariar e monitorar a avifauna aquática da maior lagoa da região do sistema cárstico de Lagoa Santa, região central de Minas Gerais, dentro da 'Área de Proteção Ambiental Carste de Lagoa Santa' (APA LS, a Lagoa do Sumidouro. A Lagoa ocupa uma área de aproximadamente 253 h na época de maior cheia e apresenta um perímetro de cerca de 12.072 m. Durante o período de junho de 1999 a dezembro de 2002 foram estimadas a riqueza e a abundância das aves aquáticas presentes na Lagoa. Foram registradas 27 espécies de aves aquáticas, distribuídas em 12 famílias. Das 27 espécies registradas, 12 foram consideradas residentes ou prováveis residentes e oito visitantes. Sete espécies não apresentaram nenhum padrão distinto de presença sazonal. A família mais bem representada foi Ardeidae com seis espécies perfazendo 23% do total de espécies. Em seguida, a família Anatidae com cinco espécies (15% e Scolopacidae sendo representada por três espécies (11% do total. Uma das espécies Platalea ajaja Linnaeus, 1758 é considerada ameaçada de extinção no Estado de Minas Gerais, enquanto outras duas Mycteria americana Linnaeus, 1758 e Ciconia maguari (Gmelin, 1789 são consideradas raras. Não houve diferença significativa entre a riqueza de espécies estimada para as três estações ('chuvosa', 'seca' e 'transição'. A diversidade de espécies mostrou-se significativamente diferente entre as três estações, sendo a estação chuvosa com a maior diversidade. A presença de espécies ameaçadas de extinção e local de parada de espécies migratórias faz com que a região da APA Carste de Lagoa Santa seja considerada uma área de extrema importância referente aos aspectos biológicos.Increases and decreases of waterfowl population have

  4. The Mammals of Suriname

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Husson, A.M.

    1978-01-01

    The knowledge of the fauna of Suriname is of essential importance in the study of the neotropical Mammalia. The first publications containing information on mammals of Suriname appeared very early in the history of European exploration of South America. Such publications were relatively numerous in

  5. Third cumulative index for Koedoe: volumes 35/2-44/1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J.C. Rautenbach

    2001-07-01

    • 104 Mammalia • 104 Archaeology and History • 105 Bibliography • 106 Climate • 106 Geologyand Pedology • 106 Environmental impact on rivers & water quality • 106 Check list • 107 Issues in conservation • 107 Maps • 108 Social Science • 108 Parks

  6. Wing Membrane Biopsies for Bat Cytogenetics: Finding of 2n = 54 in Irish Rhinolophushipposideros (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera, Mammalia) Supports Two Geographically Separated Chromosomal Variants in Europe.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kacprzyk, Joanna; Teeling, Emma C; Kelleher, Conor; Volleth, Marianne

    2016-01-01

    In Europe, 2 different diploid chromosome numbers, 2n = 54 and 2n = 56, have been described in the lesser horseshoe bat (Rhinolophushipposideros). The eastern form with 2n = 56 extends from the Czech Republic to Greece. To date, specimens with 54 chromosomes have been reported only from Spain and Germany. This study expands the distributional area of the western variant to Ireland. Strikingly, this distribution of European chromosomal variants is in contrast to the available molecular data that indicate little genetic differentiation of R. hipposideros populations spanning Northwestern to Central Europe. Further, we have developed an optimized protocol for establishing fibroblast cell cultures, suitable for karyotype analyses, from 3-mm wing membrane biopsies. This is a useful technique for cytogenetic studies of endangered bat species, as this non-lethal sampling method imposes only minimum stress to the animal without lasting adverse effects and is routinely used to sample tissue probes for molecular genetic studies in bats. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  7. BAT (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA DIVERSITY IN AN AREA OF MANGROVE FOREST IN SOUTHERN PERNAMBUCO, BRAZIL, WITH A NEW SPECIES RECORD AND NOTES ON ECTOPARASITES (DIPTERA: STREBLIDAE

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    FÁBIO A.M. SOARES

    Full Text Available ABSTRACT This study reports the occurrence of bat species and their ectoparasites to a mangrove area of the State of Pernambuco. The bats were captured for seven consecutive months in four mangrove areas. Sampling occurred for 12 consecutive hours each night collection where mist-nets were used. Eighty-three bats of 14 species were captured. Of these, only 53 Phyllostomidae family bats found themselves parasited. We identified seven species of flies of the family Streblidae parasitizing bats. The diversity of bats is H’ = 2.19 for all areas sampled and the prevalence of streblid ranged from 8.3 to 66,6. The mean intensity ranged from one and five. It is reported for the first time the occurrence of Lophostoma brasiliense to the mangrove ecosystem, besides two species of streblid to Pernambuco.

  8. Bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae, Nycteribiidae parasitic on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera at Parque Estadual da Cantareira, São Paulo, Brazil: parasitism rates and host-parasite associations

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patrícia Beloto Bertola

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available A total of 443 bat flies belonging to the families Nycteribiidae and Strelidae, were collected on 22 species of bats (Molossidae, Phyllostomidae, and Vespertilionidae from Parque Estadual da Cantareira (São Paulo, Brazil, between January, 2000 and January, 2001. Eighteen new occurrences of bat flies were recorded on Anoura geoffroyi (Anastrebla caudiferae, Glossophaga soricina (A. caudiferae, Sturnira lilium (Trichobius phyllostomae, T. furmani, and Paraeuctenodes similis, Artibeus lituratus (A. caudiferae, A. fimbriatus (Megistopoda proxima, A. obscurus (Metelasmus pseudopterus, Myotis nigricans (M. proxima, M. aranea, Paratrichobius longicrus, M. ruber (Anatrichobius passosi, Joblingia sp., M. levis (A. passosi, M. albescens (A. passosi, Basilia andersoni, and Histiotus velatus (M. aranea. Seven new occurrences were recorded for the state of São Paulo, increasing the range for T. tiptoni, T. furmani, M. proxima, Aspidoptera falcata, A. caudiferae, A. modestini and B. andersoni. The relationships between parasitism and host sex, reproductive stage, age hyperparasitism by fungi are discussed.

  9. Estudo da mcrobiota fúngica gastrintestinal de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera da região noroeste do estado de São Paulo: potencial zoonótico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Luciano Nery Tencate

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Os morcegos são hospedeiros de uma rica diversidade de microrganismos. Muitos trabalhos apontam uma estreita ligação entre quirópteros e fungos com potencial patogênico, principalmente por habitarem ambientes como cavernas, grutas e ocos de árvores, favoráveis à manutenção e propagação dos fungos. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a microbiota fúngica gastrintestinal de morcegos. Das 98 amostras pertencentes a 11 espécies de morcegos procedentes de 15 cidades estudadas, 20% são da espécie Carollia perspicillata, 19% Artibeus lituratus, 17% Molossus rufus, 13% Glossophaga soricina, 9% Nyctinomops macrotis, 8% Molossus molossus, 7% Desmodus rotundus, 2% Lasiurus ega, e 1% Eptesicus furinalis, Myotis nigricans e Tadarida brasiliensis. O gênero Aspergillus sp. foi isolado de 29% das amostras, seguidos por 6% Microsporum sp. e Penicillium sp., 4% Tricophyton sp. e zigomicetos e 2% Fusarium sp. Das espécies de leveduras, 14% foram de Rhodotorula sp., 10% Candida sp. e 2% Cryptococcus sp., 22% dos isolados permaneceram sem identificação. Todos os 82 cultivos de vísceras foram negativos para Histoplasma capsulatum. Houve associação estatística significativa entre os resultados do cultivo microbiológico e as espécies de morcegos (p < 0,05. Concluímos que os morcegos podem atuar como agentes veiculadores de fungos com potencial patogênico, entretanto outros trabalhos devem ser realizados a fim de estabelecer estratégias que permitam identificar os principais fatores correlacionados com o crescimento e a disseminação dos microrganismos na natureza e qual a implicação dos quirópteros no ciclo epidemiológico.

  10. Bats as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution: history and prospect

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Zukal, Jan; Pikula, J.; Banďouchová, H.

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 80, č. 3 (2015), s. 220-227 ISSN 1616-5047 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1064 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Bioaccumulation * Chiroptera * Heavy metals * Metalloids * Review Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 1.595, year: 2015

  11. Mammalia: Lagomorpha

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    identify species of unknown provenance where neither cranial nor pelage ... enamel fold was consistently shallow, always of simple configuration and .... Specimens in Column A were regarded by these authors a5 possessing a deep enamel.

  12. Padrões de diversidade de insetos galhadores no Cerrado: a importância da comunidade de plantas

    OpenAIRE

    ARAÚJO, Walter Santos de

    2011-01-01

    A ideia de que plantas hospedeiras influenciam na riqueza de insetos galhadores é bastante difundida e tem diversas abordagens na literatura. Algumas dessas abordagens levam em conta a riqueza de hospedeiras, a densidade da vegetação, a composição de espécies vegetais e a arquitetura das plantas, como fatores que influenciam nos padrões de diversidade dos galhadores. Nesse trabalho investigamos a importância da estrutura, riqueza e composição da comunidade de plantas para a distribuição de...

  13. Patrones de diversidad de aves a lo largo de un gradiente latitudinal de bosques ribereños del río Paraná medio, Argentina

    OpenAIRE

    Berduc, Alfredo; Lorenzón, Rodrigo Ezequiel; Beltzer, Adolfo Héctor

    2015-01-01

    Se estudió la variación de la riqueza de especies (diversidad alfa), la diversidad beta, la abundancia y la equidad de ensambles de aves a lo largo de un gradiente latitudinal de 500 km de bosques ribereños. Se muestrearon 5 localidades ubicadas en dirección norte-sur mediante una técnica mixta: transectos y puntos de conteo. La riqueza de especies decreció con el incremento de la latitud, reproduciendo el patrón de la riqueza regional informado en estudios previos. Los resultados apoyaron la...

  14. Riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial da comunidade de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano em Maringá, Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil = Richness, composition and spatial distribution of bird community on an urban forest fragment at Maringá, Northern Paraná State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Beal Galina

    2006-10-01

    Full Text Available Foi analisada a riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano de 47,3 ha em Maringá, Sul do Brasil (23°25’S e 51°25W. Quatro hábitats foram categorizados neste fragmento: interior de floresta, borda de floresta, áreas abertas e lago. A borda e interior de floresta foram divididos em três estratos: inferior (abaixo de 3 m, médio (3-6 m e superior (acima de 6 m. Uma transecção abrangendo todos os hábitats foi percorrida quatro vezes por mês de janeiro a dezembro de 2003, totalizando 48 dias de amostragens. Foram registradas 86 espécies de aves no fragmento florestal, sendo os insetívoros e onívoros, respectivamente, as guildas com maior número de espécies. A maioriadas espécies foi registrada no máximo em 25% das amostragens. O interior da floresta foi o hábitat que teve a maior riqueza de espécies e a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. O estrato médio apresentou a maior riqueza e o superior a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. Ressalta-se a importância de se manter os vários fragmentos florestais urbanos e a cobertura arbórea nacidade de Maringá, a fim de se minimizar os efeitos do isolamento e tentar suprir as necessidades de uma parte da comunidade de aves que possivelmente não se manteria caso não houvesse outras áreas florestais próximas ao local estudado.Richness, composition and spatial distribution of birds were analyzed on an urban forest fragment of 47.3 ha at Maringá, Southern Brazil (23°25'S and 51°25W. Four habitats were categorized on this fragment: forest, forest edge, open areas and lagoon. The forest and forest edge were divided into three levels: understory (bellow 3 m, mid-levels (3-6 m and canopy (above 6 m. A standard transect was ran throughout all pre-established habitats four times each month of January to December 2003, totaling 48 sampling days. A total of 86

  15. Public health awareness of emerging zoonotic viruses of bats: A European perspective

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Poel, van der W.H.M.; Lina, P.H.C.; Kramps, J.A.

    2006-01-01

    Bats classified in the order Chiroptera are the most abundant and widely distributed non-human mammalian species in the world. Several bat species are reservoir hosts of zoonotic viruses and therefore can be a public health hazard. Lyssaviruses of different genotypes have emerged from bats in

  16. Deeply torpid bats can change position without elevation of body temperature

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Bartonička, T.; Banďouchová, H.; Berková, Hana; Blažek, J.; Lučan, R.; Horáček, I.; Martínková, Natália; Pikula, J.; Řehák, Z.; Zukal, Jan

    2017-01-01

    Roč. 63, January (2017), s. 119-123 ISSN 0306-4565 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1064 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Body temperature * Hibernation * Locomotor performance * Chiroptera * Flight Subject RIV: EG - Zoology OBOR OECD: Zoology Impact factor: 2.157, year: 2016

  17. Riqueza de especies, nuevos registros y actualización del listado taxonómico de la comunidad de murciélagos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar E Murillo G

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available Los inventarios biológicos son esenciales para el seguimiento de cambios causados por factores naturales y antrópicos, y para determinar las prioridades de conservación. El estudio de los murciélagos es importante pues estos proveen servicios ambientales esenciales y su diversidad puede reflejar el estado de otros organismos. Sin embargo, el inventario de los murciélagos del PNN Gorgona puede ser incompleto debido a los pocos muestreos intensivos que se han realizado. En este trabajo, se actualiza el listado de la comunidad de murciélagos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, se evalúa su inventario y se propone una clave taxonómica. Considerando que sólo existe una especie del género Saccopteryx (S. leptura en Gorgona, en los estudios previos se han registrado 13 especies de murciélagos, En el presente estudio se adicionan dos nuevos registros: Peropteryx macrotis con base en la revisión de colecciones biológicas y Mimon crenulatum con base en trabajo de campo. Consecuentemente, se han registrado un total de 15 especies de murciélagos en le PNN Gorgona, mientras el estimado de riqueza predice un total de 33 especies. Por lo tanto, el inventario actual corresponde al 45.5% del número de especies esperado. Por otra parte, la detectabilidad de murciélagos insectívoros y nectarívoros fue baja en comparación con la de frugívoros. En conclusión, el inventario de murciélagos no es completo y las especies insectívoras pueden estar sub-representadas debido al uso exclusivo de redes de niebla en los estudios realizados.

  18. Bear diet, seasonality and migration based on chemical multielemental teeth analysis

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Nývltová Fišáková, Miriam; Galiová, M.; Kaiser, J.; Fortes, F. J.; Novotný, K.; Malina, R.; Prokeš, L.; Hrdlička, A.; Vaculovič, T.; Laserna, J. L.

    2009-01-01

    Roč. 50, 1-2 (2009), s. 27-34 ISSN 1211-7250 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KJB800010701 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z80010507 Keywords : Mammalia * Upper Palaeolithic * Migration * Diet * Seasonality * Multielemental analysis * LIBS * LA-ICP-MS Subject RIV: AC - Archeology, Anthropology, Ethnology

  19. Lawsonia intracellularis in wild mammals in the Slovak Carpathians

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Tomanová, K.; Literák, I.; Klimeš, J.; Pavlačík, L.; Mrlík, Vojtěch; Smola, J.

    2003-01-01

    Roč. 39, č. 2 (2003), s. 407-411 ISSN 0090-3558 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z6093917 Keywords : Mammalia * Slovakia * Lawsonia intracellularis Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 0.793, year: 2003 http://www.jwildlifedis.org/cgi/reprint/39/2/407

  20. RIQUEZA Y ABUNDANCIA DE PEQUEÑOS ROEDORES EN DOS AGROECOSISTEMAS Y UN ACAHUAL PRESENTES EN LA RESERVA CUXTAL, MÉRIDA YUCATÁN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silvia F. Hernandez Betancourt

    2012-08-01

    Full Text Available Se evaluó de manera rápida y sistemática la riqueza y abundancia relativa de pequeños roedores en dos agroecosistemas (y un acahual en la Reserva Ecológica Cuxtal, Yucatán para obtener un inventario de las especies presentes. Se utilizó el método de captura – marcaje – recaptura; se marcó por ectomización de falanges. Se calculó la diversidad por el índice de Shannon-Wiener (H’ y se analizaron edad, proporción de sexos y condición reproductiva de las especies más abundantes. Se capturaron un total de 16 individuos de dos familias y siete especies, siendo Mus musculus y Ototylomys phyllotis las especies más abundantes. El Acahual fue el sitio más diverso con cuatro especies (H’=1.28. Mus musculus fue exclusiva del pastizal. Peromyscus yucatanicus y O. phyllotis se encontraron en pastizal y acahual y Hereromys gaumeri fue exclusiva del acahual. Fue sobresaliente la presencia de H. gaumeri y P. yucatanicus, especies endémicas de la Provincia de la Península de Yucatán. Se presentaron, jóvenes, subadultos y adultos en las especies más abundantes, lo mismo que machos y hembras reproductivos, lo cual indica que hay dinámica en sus poblaciones. Los agroecosistemas no albergan la biodiversidad original de pequeños roedores, las especies silvestres pueden ser ocasionales. En contraste pequeños fragmentos de acahual conservan mayor número de especies silvestres como las endémicas que dispersan semillas y hacen posible la regeneración de la selva, por lo tanto se deben conservar.

  1. Wax Ester Analysis of Bats Suffering from White Nose Syndrome in Europe

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Řezanka, Tomáš; Viden, I.; Nováková, Alena; Bandouchová, H.; Sigler, Karel

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 50, č. 7 (2015), s. 633-645 ISSN 0024-4201 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1064 Institutional support: RVO:61388971 Keywords : Chiroptera * High-resolution atmospheric pressure chemical ionization analysis * Pseudogymnoascus destructans Subject RIV: CE - Biochemistry Impact factor: 1.892, year: 2015

  2. Calculation of Head Related Transfer Functions of bats using the Boundary Element Method

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Juhl, Peter Møller; Cutanda Henriquez, Vicente; Vanderelst, Dieter

    2009-01-01

    Overskrift: ChiRoPing (Chiroptera, Robots, and Sonar) is an EU-funded research project aimed at understanding how bats use their echolocation perception ability and apply this knowledge to the design of new robotic senses. Four species of bats are selected for the study and models of their heads...

  3. Selection of buildings as maternity roosts by greater mouse-eared bats (Myotis myotis)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Berková, Hana; Pokorný, M.; Zukal, Jan

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 95, č. 5 (2014), s. 1011-1017 ISSN 0022-2372 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1064 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Chiroptera * habitat * linear landscape elements * maternity roosts * Moravian Karst * Myotis myotis Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 1.840, year: 2014

  4. Diversidad de árboles y arbustos en fragmentos de bosque nativo en el sur de Chile

    OpenAIRE

    Pincheira-Ulbrich, J; Rau, JR; Hauenstein, E

    2008-01-01

    Se muestreó la diversidad de árboles y arbustos, y se construyó la curva de rarefacción y de acumulación de especies en 10 fragmentos de bosque nativo en el sur de Chile. Los resultados indicaron que: (1) la riqueza del conjunto de fragmentos fue igual a 23 especies, (2) la diversidad se incrementó significativamente con el tamaño de fragmento, (3) todos los fragmentos requieren un muestreo mínimo de entre 40 y 170 individuos para lograr la riqueza máxima teórica de especies, y (4) la riqueza...

  5. Latitudinal diversity gradients in New World bats: are they a consequence of niche conservatism?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ramos Pereira, Maria João; Palmeirim, Jorge M

    2013-01-01

    The increase in species diversity from the Poles to the Equator is a major biogeographic pattern, but the mechanisms underlying it remain obscure. Our aim is to contribute to their clarification by describing the latitudinal gradients in species richness and in evolutionary age of species of New World bats, and testing if those patterns may be explained by the niche conservatism hypothesis. Maps of species ranges were used to estimate species richness in a 100 x 100 km grid. Root distances in a molecular phylogeny were used as a proxy for the age of species, and the mean root distance of the species in each cell of the grid was estimated. Generalised additive models were used to relate latitude with both species richness and mean root distance. This was done for each of the three most specious bat families and for all Chiroptera combined. Species richness increases towards the Equator in the whole of the Chiroptera and in the Phyllostomidae and Molossidae, families that radiated in the tropics, but the opposite trend is observed in the Vespertilionidae, which has a presumed temperate origin. In the whole of the Chiroptera, and in the three main families, there were more basal species in the higher latitudes, and more derived species in tropical areas. In general, our results were not consistent with the predictions of niche conservatism. Tropical niche conservatism seems to keep bat clades of tropical origin from colonizing temperate zones, as they lack adaptations to survive cold winters, such as the capacity to hibernate. However, the lower diversity of Vespertilionidae in the Neotropics is better explained by competition with a diverse pre-existing community of bats than by niche conservatism.

  6. Riqueza e distribuição espaço-temporal de anuros em um remanescente de Floresta de Araucária no sudeste do Paraná Anuran richness and spatial-temporal distribution along an Araucária Forest remnant in southeastern Paraná State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos E. Conte

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available A riqueza de espécies, a distribuição espacial e a ocorrência sazonal de anuros (adultos e girinos foram determinadas ao longo de 15 meses, em um remanescente da floresta de araucária no município de Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná, Brasil. Foram registradas 32 espécies, sendo essa a área com a terceira maior riqueza registrada no Estado. A distribuição espacial das espécies não foi uniforme entre os hábitats amostrados: 46% das espécies foram associadas à área aberta, ocorrendo exclusivamente em hábitats de área aberta e/ou em borda florestal, 34% foram associadas à hábitats florestais, ocorrendo em hábitats florestais ou de borda florestal, enquanto que 13% foram classificadas como generalistas, pois ocorreram em área aberta, borda e interior de floresta. O período reprodutivo dos anuros foi fortemente relacionado com a chuvosa, quando cerca de 80% das espécies foram registradas em atividade de vocalização. Cerca de 40% das espécies registradas são associadas à hábitats florestais, o que reforça a urgência da preservação desses remanescentes de Floresta de Araucária.Species richness, spatial distribution and the seasonal occurrence of anurans (adults and tadpoles were studied throughout 15 months in an Araucaria forest remnant at Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná State, Brazil. Thirty-two species were registered, which corresponds to the third largest anuran richness in Paraná State. The spatial distribution of the species was not uniform between habitats sampled: 46% of the species were associates with opened areas, occurring exclusively in habitats of open areas and/or in forest edges, 34% were associated with forest habitats, occurring, in habitats forest and/or forest edge, while that 13% were classified as generalists as they occurred in open formations, at the edge and interior of the forest fragments. The reproductive period of the species was correlated with rainfall, since 80% of the species were found in

  7. Changes in tree species richness, stand structure and soil properties in a successional chronosequence in northern Chiloé Island, Chile Cambios en la riqueza de especies arbóreas, estructura de rodales y propiedades del suelo en una cronosecuencia sucesional en el norte de la Isla de Chiloé, Chile

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    JUAN C. ARAVENA

    2002-06-01

    Full Text Available We studied a chronosequence of forest fragments in northern Chiloé Island, southern Chile, with the aim of assessing ecosystem recovery patterns following anthropogenic disturbance. Hypotheses regarding successional trends in tree species richness, the replacement of shade-intolerant by shade-tolerant species, and the impact of disturbance on soil properties were evaluated in nine forest stands. The chronosequence encompassed two early (minimum stand age Estudiamos una cronosecuencia de bosques sucesionales en el norte de la Isla de Chiloé, con el objeto de determinar sus patrones de recuperación luego de perturbación antrópica. Se evaluaron hipótesis referentes a las tendencias de cambio en la riqueza de especies arbóreas a lo largo de la sucesión, el reemplazo de especies sombra intolerantes por especies sombra tolerantes, y el impacto de la perturbación en las propiedades edáficas de estos fragmentos. Muestreamos nueve rodales, representados por dos bosques sucesionales tempranos (<15 años de edad mínima del rodal, tres rodales intermedios (30-60 años, tres avanzados (129-134 años, y un bosque antiguo (ca. 200 años. Las edades mínimas fueron estimadas a través de muestras de incremento radial de al menos 30 árboles del dosel por rodal. Los rodales tempranos e intermedios mostraron evidencias de perturbación por incendios moderados, con unos pocos grandes árboles vivos remanentes. En cada rodal se establecieron parcelas permanentes de 50 x 20 m para determinar densidades y áreas basales de árboles, con subparcelas interiores para estimar densidades de brinzales y plántulas. Para caracterizar los procesos edáficos en los rodales se determinó el pH del suelo, los contenidos totales de carbono (C y nitrógeno (N, N disponible y densidad aparente. En contraste con la hipótesis que predice una disminución de la riqueza de especies arbóreas en rodales más antiguos, debido a la exclusión de especies pioneras, la riqueza

  8. Flora bacteriana aeróbica del tracto digestivo del vampiro común, Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloriana Chaverri

    2006-09-01

    , Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae. This study addresses the composition of microbial flora in the vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus primarily because all available data are outdated, and because of the economical significance of this bat species. Twenty-one bats were collected and their aerobic bacteria documented separately for stomach and intestine. Bacteria were identified through the Analytical Profile Index (API, and results analyzed with the APILAB software. A total of thirty bacterial species were isolated from sixteen females and five males. The most common species were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, although other bacteria, such as Acinetobacter johnsonii, Enterobacter sakazakii, Staphylococcus chromogenes, S. hyicus and S. xylosus were also common. The number of species found in the stomach and intestine was significantly different, and the intestine presented a higher diversity compared to the stomach. This has previously been found in other mammals and it is attributed to a reduction of acidity. Most of the species found in this study are considered normal components of the digestive tract of mammals, although other bacteria common in the skin of mammals and from aquatic environments were found. Bacteria from the skin may invade the vampire’s stomach and/or intestine when the bat has contact with its prey, and may suggest that the vampire’s feeding habit facilitates the invasion of other microbes not common in its digestive tract. The fact that bacteria from aquatic environments were also found suggests that D. rotundus, as previously found by other researchers, drinks free water when available, and water may be another source of microbial invasion. Rev. Biol. Trop. 54 (3: 717-724. Epub 2006 Sept. 29.

  9. Patterns of distribution and current protection status of the Carnivora ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    north-east of the country, owing to the marginal intrusion of 14 tropical species. Endemism in Chiroptera is low, however, with ... Die Nasionale Kruger Wildtuin is nie net 'n belangrike sent rum vir spesies- verskeidenheid wat bet ref die Carnivora en ...... herpetofauna of Michoacan. Mexico. University of Kansas. Publications ...

  10. Mammalia, Chiroptera, Molossidae, Molossops temminckii (Burmeister, 1854, and Vespertilionidae, Eptesicus furinalis (dOrbigny and Gervais, 1847: New locality record and distribution extension in Cordoba Province, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Castilla, M. C.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available During a field trip to the Ramsar site “Bañados del Río Dulce y Laguna Mar Chiquita” we captured three specimensof Molossops temminckii (Burmeister, 1854 and two of Eptesicus furinalis (d’Orbigny and Gervais, 1847. Molossopstemminckii has a wide distribution in Argentina, but this new record represents the second mention of the species for theCordoba Province after 13 years. The specimens of E. furinalis represent the tenth record for Cordoba and the second for RíoPrimero Department. This new information reflects the scarcity of systematic studies on bats in Cordoba Province.

  11. Eimeria peltocephali n. sp., (Apicomplexa:Eimeriidae from the Freshwater Turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus (Chelonia:Pelomusidae and Eimeria molossi n. sp., from the Bat, Molossus ater (Mammalia:Chiroptera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lainson R

    1998-01-01

    Full Text Available The oocyst is described of Eimeria peltocephali n.sp. from faeces of the freshwater turtle Peltocephalus dumerilianus from Barcelos, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Sporulation is exogenous and fully developed oocysts are elongate, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, frequently curved to a banana-shape, 54.4 x19.1 (37.5 - 68.7 x 18.7-20.0 µm, shape-index 2.8 (1.8 -3.9. The oocyst wall is a single thin, colourless layer about 1 µm thick, with no micropyle. There is a bulky oocyst residuum, at first spherical to ellipsoidal, 19 x 16 (16. 2 -26.2 x 16 - 21.5µm , but becoming dispersed on maturation. There are no polar bodies. The sporocysts, 19.1 x 6.8 ( 17.5 -21.2 x 6.2 -7.5 µm, shape- index 2.8 (2.3 -3.2, are usually disposed in pairs at each end of the oocyst, and bear an inconspicuous Stieda body in the form of a flat cap. The sporozoites are elongate and slightly curved around the residuum. No refractile bodies were seen. Eimeria molossi n.sp., is described from the molossid bat Molossus ater. Sporulation is exogenous and the mature oocysts are predominantly broadly ellipsoidal, 23.4 x 17.5 (18-30 x 15-22.5 µm, shape-index 1.3 (1-1.6. The oocyst wall is about 2 µm thick, and of three layers: an inner thin, colourless one and two outer layers which are thicker, yellowish-brown, prominently striated and in close apposition. There is no micropyle or oocyst residuum, but one and occasionally two polar bodies are usually present. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 10.2 x 7.5 (10-12.5 x 7.5 µm, shape-index 1.4 (1.3-1.7 with an inconspicuous Stieda body. Endogenous stages are described in the epithelial cells of the small intestine

  12. Fauna de abelhas nativas de duas áreas de restinga do Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, Espírito Santo, Brasil.

    OpenAIRE

    RECEPUTI, A. L. M.

    2015-01-01

    Dois estudos foram realizados nesta dissertação: uma avaliação da riqueza, diversidade e composição da fauna de abelhas nativas de uma área de restinga herbáceo-arbustiva e de uma área de restinga florestal do Parque Estadual de Itaúnas, Espírito Santo, Brasil, e uma avaliação da riqueza, diversidade e composição da fauna de Euglossina das duas mesmas áreas. Em ambos os casos objetivou-se responder a duas perguntas diretamente relacionadas, 1) a composição, riqueza e diversidade da fauna de a...

  13. Species richness and geographic distribution of testate amoebae (Rhizopoda in Brazilian freshwater environments = Riqueza de espécies e distribuição geográfica de amebas testáceas (Rhizopoda em ambientes aquáticos continentais brasileiros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fábio Amodêo Lansac-Tôha

    2007-04-01

    Full Text Available The present study aimed to analyze the species richness of testate amoebae, as well as to describe their geographic distribution and different habitat types in Brazilian freshwater environments. Until now, 346 infrageneric taxa have been recorded, belonging to 13 families and 40 genera. In the Center-West region, 267 taxa were recorded; 188 taxa in the Southeast; 129 taxa in the South, 53 taxa in the North; and 18 taxa in Northeast region. A total of 282 taxa were recorded in plankton; 80 taxa in aquatic macrophytes; 81 taxa insediment; and 73 taxa in moss/sphagnum. The results regarding testate amoebae species richness are not yet conclusive, given that most research on these organisms was carried out in central, southeastern and southern Brazil. The higher number of taxa observed in plankton may be due to the fact that most studies on testate amoebae in Brazil had been carried out in the planktonic compartment, including reservoirs, floodplain lagoons, channels, tributaries and rivers. In addition, the majority of studies with sediment samples were conducted in estuaries or coastal lagoons, where salinity is a restricting factor for the occurrence of these organisms.Este trabalho visa realizar um levantamento da riqueza de espécies de amebas testáceas, bem como descrever a distribuição geográfica e a distribuição em diferentes tipos de habitats desses organismos em ambientes aquáticos continentais brasileiros. Até o momento, são registrados 346 táxons infragenéricos, pertencentes a 13 famílias e 40 gêneros. São registrados 267 táxons na região centro-oeste, 188táxons na região sudeste, 129 táxons na região sul, 53 táxons na região norte e 18 táxons na região nordeste. São registrados 282 táxons no plâncton; 131 táxons em macrófitas aquáticas, 81 táxonsno sedimento e 73 táxons em musgos/esfágnos. Os resultados sobre a riqueza de tecamebas não é ainda conclusiva, visto que a maioria das pesquisas foi conduzida

  14. Bat Response To Carolina Bays and Wetland Restoration in the Southeastern U.S. Coastal Plain

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jennifer M. Menzel; Michael A. Menzel; John C. Kilgo; W. Mark Ford; John W. Edwards

    2005-01-01

    Bat activity in the southeastern United States is concentrated over riparian areas and wetland habitats. The restoration and creation of wetlands for mitigation purposes is becoming common in the Southeast. Understanding the effects of these restoration efforts on wetland flora and fauna is thus becoming increasingly important. Because bats (Order: Chiroptera) consist...

  15. Nonlethal screening of bat-wing skin with the use of ultraviolet fluorescence to detect lesions indicative of white-nose syndrome

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Turner, G. G.; Meteyer, C. U.; Barton, H.; Gumbs, J. F.; Reeder, D. M.; Overton, B.; Banďouchová, H.; Bartonička, T.; Martínková, Natália; Pikula, J.; Zukal, Jan; Blehert, D. S.

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 50, č. 3 (2014), s. 566-573 ISSN 0090-3558 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1064 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : bats * Chiroptera * dermatomycosis * fungal infection * ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence * white-nose syndrome Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine Impact factor: 1.355, year: 2014

  16. Diversidad florística y estructura en cacaotales tradicionales y bosque natural (Sumaco, Ecuador

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oswaldo Angel Jadán Maza

    2016-07-01

    Full Text Available Se caracterizaron la diversidad, estructura horizontal y vertical de la vegetación arbórea y arbustiva en cacaotales tradicionales y bosque maduro. Se evaluó la diversidad alfa, beta y se identificaron relaciones entre la riqueza con la estructura de la vegetación arbórea. El bosque registró los mayores valores en riqueza de especies, abundancia y estructura, seguido por el sistema agroforestal tradicional con cacao semilla. Las especies más importantes ecológicamente en el bosque fueron Iriartea deltoidea y Otoba glycycarpa. En todos los sistemas agroforestales tradicionales fueron Cordia alliodora y Cedrela odorata. En los sistemas agroforestales con cultivo de cacao la riqueza de especies se correlaciona positivamente con la densidad y área basal, marcando dependencia directa entre estas variables. Este resultado no puede generalizarse ya que en el bosque maduro y sistema agroforestal de subsistencia no se registran estas dependencias. Esto posiblemente es explicado por la discetaniedad, tamaños de vegetación y distribución aleatoria de los individuos sobre la riqueza de especies. Se concluyó que el bosque maduro y el sistema agroforestal con cacao semilla son los sistemas más importantes para conservación de especies arbóreas y arbustivas, según la riqueza, diversidad, índices de similitud y estructura de la vegetación.

  17. Ingreso y bienes de la población de edad media y avanzada en México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebeca Wong

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available El propósito de este artículo es resumir el monto y los tipos de ingreso que percibe y bienes que posee la población de edad media y avanzada en México. Se usan datos de la nueva Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem 2001, un estudio prospectivo de panel con representación nacional de las personas de 50 años de edad y más. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis formuladas: la distribución del ingreso y la riqueza están sesgadas en favor de ciertos grupos, sobre todo aquéllos con mayor educación; la composición de la riqueza se da principalmente en forma no financiera y el apoyo familiar es una fuente de ingreso importante; la asociación entre riqueza y salud es positiva en general, lo cual es consistente con la literatura internacional. Además se encuentra que la riqueza acumulada está distribuida más equitativamente que el ingreso, y se concluye que el indicador de riqueza ofrece una dimensión de análisis adicional al ingreso, con potencial para contribuir a los estudios del bienestar de la población en edad media y avanzada en México.

  18. Ingreso y bienes de la población de edad media y avanzada en México*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wong, Rebeca; Espinoza, Mónica

    2017-01-01

    Resumen El propósito de este artículo es resumir el monto y los tipos de ingreso que percibe y bienes que posee la población de edad media y avanzada en México. Se usan datos de la nueva Encuesta Nacional sobre Salud y Envejecimiento en México (Enasem) 2001, un estudio prospectivo de panel con representación nacional de las personas de 50 años de edad y más. Los resultados confirman las hipótesis formuladas: la distribución del ingreso y la riqueza están sesgadas en favor de ciertos grupos, sobre todo aquéllos con mayor educación; la composición de la riqueza se da principalmente en forma no financiera y el apoyo familiar es una fuente de ingreso importante; la asociación entre riqueza y salud es positiva en general, lo cual es consistente con la literatura internacional. Además se encuentra que la riqueza acumulada está distribuida más equitativamente que el ingreso, y se concluye que el indicador de riqueza ofrece una dimensión de análisis adicional al ingreso, con potencial para contribuir a los estudios del bienestar de la población en edad media y avanzada en México. PMID:29386981

  19. Positive selection neighboring functionally essential sites and disease-implicated regions of mammalian reproductive proteins.

    LENUS (Irish Health Repository)

    Morgan, Claire C

    2010-01-01

    ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Reproductive proteins are central to the continuation of all mammalian species. The evolution of these proteins has been greatly influenced by environmental pressures induced by pathogens, rival sperm, sexual selection and sexual conflict. Positive selection has been demonstrated in many of these proteins with particular focus on primate lineages. However, the mammalia are a diverse group in terms of mating habits, population sizes and germ line generation times. We have examined the selective pressures at work on a number of novel reproductive proteins across a wide variety of mammalia. RESULTS: We show that selective pressures on reproductive proteins are highly varied. Of the 10 genes analyzed in detail, all contain signatures of positive selection either across specific sites or in specific lineages or a combination of both. Our analysis of SP56 and Col1a1 are entirely novel and the results show positively selected sites present in each gene. Our findings for the Col1a1 gene are suggestive of a link between positive selection and severe disease type. We find evidence in our dataset to suggest that interacting proteins are evolving in symphony: most likely to maintain interacting functionality. CONCLUSION: Our in silico analyses show positively selected sites are occurring near catalytically important regions suggesting selective pressure to maximize efficient fertilization. In those cases where a mechanism of protein function is not fully understood, the sites presented here represent ideal candidates for mutational study. This work has highlighted the widespread rate heterogeneity in mutational rates across the mammalia and specifically has shown that the evolution of reproductive proteins is highly varied depending on the species and interacting partners. We have shown that positive selection and disease are closely linked in the Col1a1 gene.

  20. Diversity of small mammals communities in two semiartificial wooded habitats

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Suchomel, J.; Heroldová, Marta

    2006-01-01

    Roč. 17, č. 2 (2006), s. 179-182 ISSN 0394-1914 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP526/03/P051 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : diversity * Mammalia Subject RIV: EH - Ecology, Behaviour http://www.italian-journal-of-mammalogy.it/include/getdoc.php?id=985&article=477&mode=pdf

  1. Radiosensitivity of amphibia

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Muramatsu, S [National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan)

    1975-04-01

    Radiosensitivity (semi-lethal dose) and the damages of radiation in the amphibia were studied by /sup 3/H-TdR from the standpoint of cellular kinetics. The cell mitosis cycle of the amphibia required a long time. The functional cell regeneration and the physiological function of the cell were slower than in mice. The reason for the low radiosensitivity of the amphibia was discussed relative to the environmental factor of temperature. Because the amphibia change body temperature according to environmental temperature, the danger of radiation damage, the actual lethal dose and the period of survival were influenced by the environmental temperature. Acute radiation danger to amphibia was essentially the same as the danger to mammalia, both young and old. LD/sub 50/ irradiation effects varied among the species. The cell regeneration, turn over, and the mitosis in the amphibia, were affected by environmental temperature, however, the courses proceeded slower than those of the mammalia. Therefore, the question remains, whether the comparison of the radiosensitivities of amphibia with other classes of animal by LDsub(50/30) irradiation was appropriate.

  2. New discoveries on the ecology and echolocation of the heart-nosed bat Cardioderma cor with a contribution to the phylogeny of Megadermatidae

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kaňuch, P.; Aghová, Tatiana; Meheretu, Y.; Šumbera, R.; Bryja, Josef

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 50, č. 1 (2015), s. 53-57 ISSN 1562-7020 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP506/10/0983 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : acoustics * Chiroptera * eastern Africa * evolutionary radiation * roosts Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 0.739, year: 2015 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15627020.2015.1021711

  3. Using an internet questionnaire to characterize bat survey efforts in the United States and Canada

    Science.gov (United States)

    Theodore J. Weller; William J. Zielinski

    2006-01-01

    Standardized survey methods are important for obtaining reliable information on wildlife populations. As a precursor to creating a regional bat-survey (Chiroptera) protocol, we distributed a questionnaire via e-mail to biologists responsible for conducting bat surveys in the United States and Canada. We received 415 responses from 45 states and 7 Canadian provinces or...

  4. Historic and geographic surveillance of Pseudogymnoascus destructans possible from collections of bat parasites

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Zahradníková Jr., A.; Kováčová, V.; Martínková, Natália; Orlova, M. V.; Orlov, O. L.; Piaček, V.; Zukal, Jan; Pikula, J.

    2018-01-01

    Roč. 65, č. 2 (2018), s. 303-308 ISSN 1865-1674 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA17-20286S Institutional support: RVO:68081766 Keywords : Chiroptera * ectoparasite * Eurasia * fungal infection * Russia * white-nose syndrome Subject RIV: GJ - Animal Vermins ; Diseases, Veterinary Medicine OBOR OECD: Veterinary science Impact factor: 3.585, year: 2016

  5. On the dates of publication of the parts of Sir Andrew Smith’s illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Jentink, F.A.

    1893-01-01

    Under the above title there has been published a very valuable paper in the P. Z. S. L. 1880, p. 489, written by Mr. F. H. Waterhouse. The author remarked: »As the copy here alluded to, did not contain plates XVIII and XXXVIII (Mammalia), I have examined three or four other copies; and as neither of

  6. vARIATIONS ALTITUDINALE ET SAISONNIèRE DE L'ABONDANCE ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    species group with the description of a new species from West Africa (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae). Myotis 40 : 95 - 126. Fiévet E., S. Dolédec and P. Lim. 2001. Distribution of migratory fishes and shrimps along multivariate gradients in Tropical Island streams. J. Fish Biol., 59 : 390 - 402. Fossati O., M. Mosseron and P. Keith.

  7. Pseudogymnoascus destructans: evidence of virulent skin invasion for bats under natural conditions, Europe

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Banďouchová, H.; Bartonička, T.; Berková, Hana; Brichta, J.; Černý, J.; Kováčová, V.; Kolařík, Miroslav; Köllner, B.; Kulich, P.; Martínková, Natália; Řehák, Z.; Tumer, G. G.; Zukal, Jan; Pikula, J.

    2015-01-01

    Roč. 62, č. 1 (2015), s. 1-5 ISSN 1865-1674 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP506/12/1064 Institutional support: RVO:68081766 ; RVO:61388971 Keywords : white-nose syndrome * Chiroptera * transmission electron microscopy * ultraviolet light diagnostics * morbidity * mortality Subject RIV: EG - Zoology; EE - Microbiology, Virology (MBU-M) Impact factor: 2.714, year: 2015

  8. Evaluación estacional de la riqueza y abundancia de especies de mamíferos en la Reserva Biológica Municipal "Mário Viana", Mato Grosso, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ednaldo Cândido Rocha

    2006-09-01

    Full Text Available Estudiamos la fauna de mamíferos terrestres medianos y grandes, tomando en cuenta la riqueza y abundancia de las especies y la cantidad de individuos, en la Reserva Biológica Municipal "Mário Viana", Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Hicimos dos visitas mensuales durante todo el año 2001 en un transecto de 2 820 m de extensión, previamente preparado para la identificación de huellas. Identificamos 22 especies en la estación lluviosa y 18 de ellas también en la seca. Registramos Pseudalopex vetulus (Lund, 1842 (zorro, Eira barbara (Linnaeus, 1758 (hurón, Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771 (puma e Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris (Linnaeus, 1766 (capiguara durante la estación de lluvias. Según el procedimiento Jackknife, la riqueza de especies durante la estación seca (19.83, con intervalo de confianza (IC = 2.73 fue menor que durante la estación lluviosa (25.67, con IC= 3.43. Solamente cuatro mostraron índices de abundancia significativamente diferentes entre estaciones: Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758 (armadillo de nueve bandas, Euphractus sexcinctus (Linnaeus, 1758 (armadillo de seis bandas, Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823 (agutí y Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758 (tapir. Por otro lado, Priodontes maximus (Kerr, 1792 (armadillo gigante y Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758 (ocelote se destacaron por presentar un índice de abundancia idéntico entre las estaciones. La distribución de la abundancia de las especies en el área de muestreo, siguió más o menos el patrón esperado para las comunidades en equilibrio, especialmente en la estación lluviosa, evidenciando que el ambiente aún mantiene una buena calidad para la conservación de los mamíferos. El presente estudio mostró que la RBMMV, a pesar de ser pequeña (con aproximadamente 470 ha, desempeña un papel importante para la conservación de la mastofauna de la región, siendo un área de refugio en un ambiente con mucha influencia antrópica, principalmente por la cr

  9. Rhizobia and other legume nodule bacteria richness in brazilian Araucaria angustifolia forest Riqueza de rizóbios e de outras bactérias de nódulos de leguminosas em floresta de Araucaria angustifolia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daniel Renato Lammel

    2007-08-01

    . Efetuou-se o levantamento de leguminosas no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão e o isolamento de bactérias dos nódulos radiculares destas plantas, seguido da caracterização fenotípica dos isolados. As bactérias dos nódulos foram isoladas em meio de cultura YMA, sendo classificadas de acordo com suas características de crescimento (velocidade de crescimento, cor, produção de polissacarídeo extracelular e mudança de pH do meio. Os resultados foram analisados por análise de agrupamento e análise de componentes principais (PCA. De um total de onze espécies de leguminosas, nove apresentaram nódulos, sendo seis espécies descritas como nodulantes pela primeira vez. Duzentas e doze estirpes de bactérias foram isoladas, havendo variação no formato de nódulos e alta riqueza fenotípica das bactérias isoladas. Essa riqueza ocorreu entre as espécies de leguminosas, entre indivíduos da mesma espécie, entre diferentes formatos de nódulos e, inclusive, entre bactérias isoladas de um mesmo nódulo. As bactérias puderam ser classificadas em vários grupos, de dois a seis de acordo com cada leguminosa, a maioria deles diferentes de Rhizobium tropici, Bradyrhizobium elkanii e Burkholderia sp., que foram utilizados como padrões de crescimento. Existem algumas evidências de que estes grupos distintos podem estar relacionados à presença de Burkholderia spp. nos nódulos destas leguminosas.

  10. Riqueza e composição de vertebrados em latrinas ativas e inativas de Pteronura brasiliensis (Carnivora, Mustelidae na Amazônia Oriental, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cintia M. Togura

    2014-03-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou avaliar a riqueza e composição de vertebrados de médio e grande porte em latrinas ativas e inativas de ariranhas [Pteronura brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788], em uma Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável na Amazônia Oriental Brasileira. O estudo foi realizado em 45 latrinas ao longo de 230 km nos rios Falsino e Araguari (0°55'N, 51°35'W, sendo que desse total, 24 apresentaram fezes frescas e 21 fezes velhas de ariranhas. De julho a novembro de 2012, cada latrina foi monitorada com uma armadilha fotográfica programada para operar por 24 horas. O esforço de campo resultou em 458,8 armadilhas/dia, sendo 247,5 armadilhas/dia em latrinas com fezes frescas e 211,3 armadilhas/dia com fezes velhas. Foram obtidos registros de 22 espécies de vertebrados. A maior parte das espécies registradas foram mamíferos (n = 13, seguida por aves (n = 6, e répteis (n = 3. As espécies mais frequentemente fotografadas foram paca [Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766; n = 21], jaguatirica [Leopardus pardalis (Linnaeus, 1758; n =11], juriti-pupu (Leptotila verreauxi Bonaparte, 1855; n = 8, ariranha [Pteronura brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788; n = 7], e anta [Tapirus terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758; n = 6], que foram responsáveis por 55,8% de todos os registros. A maior parte dos registros (69,5% foram obtidos em latrinas com fezes frescas e o número de espécies foi maior (n = 19 do que os registrados em latrinas com fezes velhas (n = 15. No entanto, a dissimilaridade entre a comunidade de vertebrados entre latrinas com fezes frescas e velhas não diferiu. A média de visitação em latrinas com fezes frescas foi ligeiramente superior do que em latrinas com fezes velhas, embora essa diferença tenha sido apenas marginalmente significativa. Entretanto, houve uma diminuição no número de registros de felinos [Leopardus pardalis, Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821 e Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758], marginalmente significativo em latrinas com fezes frescas

  11. Anomalias e variações na fórmula dentária em morcegos do gênero Artibeus Leach (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae Anomalies and variation in the dental formula of bats of the genus Artibeus Leach (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Maria Rui

    2004-09-01

    Full Text Available Descreve-se a ocorrência e analisa-se as causas de anomalias dentárias em Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818 e A. fimbriatus Gray, 1838 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae provenientes de populações do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sul do Brasil. São discutidas, com base no material examinado e em ampla revisão da literatura, as variações quanto à presença dos terceiros molares superior e inferior entre diferentes espécies de Artibeus Leach, 1821. Foram analisados 104 crânios de A. lituratus e 44 de A. fimbriatus quanto à fórmula dentária. Em A. lituratus ocorreram dois casos de dentes extranumerários, um incisivo superior e um terceiro molar superior direito, e um de agênese dentária dos terceiros molares inferiores. Em A. fimbriatus constatou-se a ocorrência de um segundo pré-molar superior direito extranumerário. As ocorrências do terceiro molar superior em A. lituratus e do segundo pré-molar superior em A. fimbriatus são casos de atavismos. Em Artibeus (Artibeus ocorrem variações quanto à presença do terceiro molar superior, de maior ou menor intensidade, em praticamente todas as espécies. Estas variações ocorrem tanto a nível intrapopulacional quanto geográfico. Já o terceiro molar inferior está ausente em baixa freqüência em várias populações de diferentes espécies. Os terceiros molares superiores e inferiores estão em processo de desaparecimento na linhagem dos Artibeus (Artibeus. O fato destes dentes já não ocorrerem em algumas espécies, terem ocorrência variável em outras e serem sempre estruturas reduzidas e simplificadas, sem função na mastigação, são indicativos deste processo evolutivo. A variação intensa observada quanto à ocorrência do terceiro molar superior inviabiliza o seu uso como caráter útil na identificação de espécies.This paper describes and analyzes the causes of dental formula anomalies in the bats Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818 and Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838

  12. Olfactory discrimination between two cryptic species of bats Pipistrellus pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Bartonička, T.; Kaňuch, Peter; Bímová, Barbora; Bryja, Josef

    2010-01-01

    Roč. 59, č. 3 (2010), s. 175-182 ISSN 0139-7893 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA206/06/0954 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : olfactory signal * species-specific recognition * pipistrelles * Vespertilionidae * Chiroptera Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 0.548, year: 2010 http://www.ivb.cz/folia/59/3/1_ms_1551.pdf

  13. Morphological and molecular characteristics of Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka n. g., n. sp. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia) in Peninsular Malaysia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Uni, Shigehiko; Mat Udin, Ahmad Syihan; Agatsuma, Takeshi; Saijuntha, Weerachai; Junker, Kerstin; Ramli, Rosli; Omar, Hasmahzaiti; Lim, Yvonne Ai-Lian; Sivanandam, Sinnadurai; Lefoulon, Emilie; Martin, Coralie; Belabut, Daicus Martin; Kasim, Saharul; Abdullah Halim, Muhammad Rasul; Zainuri, Nur Afiqah; Bhassu, Subha; Fukuda, Masako; Matsubayashi, Makoto; Harada, Masashi; Low, Van Lun; Chen, Chee Dhang; Suganuma, Narifumi; Hashim, Rosli; Takaoka, Hiroyuki; Azirun, Mohd Sofian

    2017-04-20

    The filarial nematodes Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold, 1877), Brugia malayi (Brug, 1927) and B. timori Partono, Purnomo, Dennis, Atmosoedjono, Oemijati & Cross, 1977 cause lymphatic diseases in humans in the tropics, while B. pahangi (Buckley & Edeson, 1956) infects carnivores and causes zoonotic diseases in humans in Malaysia. Wuchereria bancrofti, W. kalimantani Palmieri, Pulnomo, Dennis & Marwoto, 1980 and six out of ten Brugia spp. have been described from Australia, Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka and India. However, the origin and evolution of the species in the Wuchereria-Brugia clade remain unclear. While investigating the diversity of filarial parasites in Malaysia, we discovered an undescribed species in the common treeshrew Tupaia glis Diard & Duvaucel (Mammalia: Scandentia). We examined 81 common treeshrews from 14 areas in nine states and the Federal Territory of Peninsular Malaysia for filarial parasites. Once any filariae that were found had been isolated, we examined their morphological characteristics and determined the partial sequences of their mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 12S rRNA genes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region were then cloned into the pGEM-T vector, and the recombinant plasmids were used as templates for sequencing. Malayfilaria sofiani Uni, Mat Udin & Takaoka, n. g., n. sp. is described based on the morphological characteristics of adults and microfilariae found in common treeshrews from Jeram Pasu, Kelantan, Malaysia. The Kimura 2-parameter distance between the cox1 gene sequences of the new species and W. bancrofti was 11.8%. Based on the three gene sequences, the new species forms a monophyletic clade with W. bancrofti and Brugia spp. The adult parasites were found in tissues surrounding the lymph nodes of the neck of common treeshrews. The newly described species appears most closely related to Wuchereria spp. and Brugia spp., but differs from these in

  14. Invasion of Ancestral Mammals into Dim-light Environments Inferred from Adaptive Evolution of the Phototransduction Genes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Yonghua; Wang, Haifeng; Hadly, Elizabeth A

    2017-04-20

    Nocturnality is a key evolutionary innovation of mammals that enables mammals to occupy relatively empty nocturnal niches. Invasion of ancestral mammals into nocturnality has long been inferred from the phylogenetic relationships of crown Mammalia, which is primarily nocturnal, and crown Reptilia, which is primarily diurnal, although molecular evidence for this is lacking. Here we used phylogenetic analyses of the vision genes involved in the phototransduction pathway to predict the diel activity patterns of ancestral mammals and reptiles. Our results demonstrated that the common ancestor of the extant Mammalia was dominated by positive selection for dim-light vision, supporting the predominate nocturnality of the ancestral mammals. Further analyses showed that the nocturnality of the ancestral mammals was probably derived from the predominate diurnality of the ancestral amniotes, which featured strong positive selection for bright-light vision. Like the ancestral amniotes, the common ancestor of the extant reptiles and various taxa in Squamata, one of the main competitors of the temporal niches of the ancestral mammals, were found to be predominate diurnality as well. Despite this relatively apparent temporal niche partitioning between ancestral mammals and the relevant reptiles, our results suggested partial overlap of their temporal niches during crepuscular periods.

  15. Evaluación de la riqueza de especies de peces en las lagunas costeras mexicanas: estudio de un caso en el Golfo de México

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Aurelio Pérez-Hernández

    2000-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza la manera como se ha conformado el conocimiento de la ictiofauna del sistema estuarino-lagunar de Tuxpan-Tampamachoco, en el estado mexicano de Veracruz. Se elaboró un inventario de los peces conocidos hasta la fecha en dicho sistema (N= 179, a partir de listas previamente publicadas y de muestreos propios en las áreas someras de la laguna cubiertas por pastos marinos, que nos permitieron detectar 14 especies antes desconocidas en el área. Al comparar los distintos listados se observa una escasa similitud, la cual se atribuye a las diferencias en las estrategias de recolecta empleadas. Al menos con los datos actualmente disponibles, la riqueza íctica registrada en las lagunas costeras del Golfo de México no está relacionada con su área, como se ha sugerido, sino con el número de inventarios disponibles para cada laguna, pues éste involucra importantes diferencias en el esfuerzo de muestreo y en las estrategias de recolecta. Se recomienda un diseño de muestreo que contemple: a emplear la mayor variedad posible de artes de pesca, b recolectar en todos los tipos de microhábitat y, c preferir los muestreos cada dos o tres meses por dos o más años sobre los muestreos mensuales durante un sólo año.We analyze the origin of knowledge about fish species richness in the Tuxpan-Tampamachoco estuarine system, in Veracuz, México. A complete inventory of the fish species known to date for this system (N=179 was elaborated from published lists and from sampling seagrass meadows of Tampamachoco Lagoon, which yielded 14 previously unknown species. When compared, the different lists showed a low similarity that may reflect differences in sampling methods and collecting strategies. Current data suggest that fish species richness in Mexican coastal lagoons (Gulf of Mexico is not related with lagoon surface area, as has been suggested, but with number of inventorie. A sampling design for the assessment of fish species richness in estuarine

  16. Situação amostral e riqueza de espécies das Angiospermas do estado do Ceará, Brasil Sampling effort and species richness of Angiosperms in the state of Ceará, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Regina Celli Araújo de Freitas

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available O estado do Ceará, situado no nordeste brasileiro, apresenta predomínio do clima semi-árido. Objetivando um delineamento para futuros inventários florísticos, realizou-se uma averiguação preliminar do esforço de coleta em seu território. Para isto, o estudo da amostragem e da riqueza de espécies das famílias Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae e Rubiaceae foram analisadas. Assim como, a distribuição geográfica das amostras foi correlacionada às sete unidades fitoecológicas do estado do Ceará: caatinga arbustiva, caatinga arbórea, carrasco, cerradão, complexo litorâneo, mata seca e mata úmida. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos da coleção do Herbário Prisco Bezerra (EAC, sendo reunidos através do software BRAHMS. Desde 1933 até agosto de 2008, foram registradas na coleção: 11.551 exsicatas (exs. representando 1.209 espécies (spp.. Este total de exsicatas está distribuído da seguinte forma entre as unidades fitoecológicas: mata úmida 27% exs. e 33% spp., complexo litorâneo 24% exs. e 24% spp., caatinga arbustiva 16% exs. e 19% spp., carrasco 13% exs. e 17% spp., mata seca 10% exs. e 9% spp., caatinga arbórea 8% exs. e 12%; e cerradão 2% exs. e 3% spp. Os dados evidenciam um maior esforço de coleta e riqueza de espécies nas áreas de mata úmida e no complexo litorâneo, seguidos das áreas da caatinga arbustiva e arbórea. Com apenas 5% do território cearense, a mata úmida supera a amostragem das caatingas, que detêm 70% do estado do Ceará. Portanto, observamos a ocorrência satisfatória de coletas na mata úmida, em detrimento das outras unidades, tornando necessária a elaboração de novos projetos visando um maior esforço de coleta nessas áreas subamostradas.The state of Ceará, located in northeast Brazil, has a predominantly semi-arid climate. To guide future inventories of the flora, a preliminary survey of collections in the state was made, where we analyzed sampling effort and species

  17. Reproductive seasonality of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) at the northern limits of its distribution

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Lučan, R. K.; Bartonička, T.; Benda, P.; Bilgin, R.; Jedlička, Petr; Nicolaou, H.; Reiter, A.; Shohdi, W. M.; Šálek, Martin; Řeřucha, Šimon; Uhrin, M.; Abi-Said, M.; Horáček, I.

    2014-01-01

    Roč. 95, č. 5 (2014), s. 1036-1042 ISSN 0022-2372 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA601110905; GA MŠk EE2.3.30.0054; GA MŠk ED0017/01/01; GA MŠk(CZ) LO1212 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 ; RVO:68081766 Keywords : Chiroptera * desert * Mediterranean * phenology * Pteropodidae * reproduction * reproductive pattern Subject RIV: EG - Zoology Impact factor: 1.840, year: 2014

  18. Spatial activity and feeding ecology of the endangered northern population of the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Lučan, R. K.; Bartonička, T.; Jedlička, Petr; Řeřucha, Šimon; Šálek, Martin; Čížek, Martin; Nicolaou, H.; Horáček, I.

    2016-01-01

    Roč. 97, č. 3 (2016), s. 815-822 ISSN 0022-2372 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA601110905; GA MŠk EE2.3.30.0054; GA MŠk ED0017/01/01 Institutional support: RVO:68081731 ; RVO:68081766 Keywords : Chiroptera * climate change * Cyprus * foraging behavior * radiotracking * Rousettus Subject RIV: JB - Sensors, Measurment, Regulation; EG - Zoology (UBO-W) Impact factor: 1.630, year: 2016

  19. Primera cita de Sternopsylla distincta speciosa (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae para la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Analía G. AUTINO

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Se cita por primera vez para Jujuy la presencia de pulgas ectoparásitas de murciélagos, habiéndose registrado a Sternopsylla distincta speciosa Johnson sobre Tadarida brasiliensis (Geoffroy (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae. Además se presentan comentarios sobre caracteres de morfología externa y estructuras genitales de las subespecies Sternopsylla distincta speciosa Johnson y Sternopsylla distincta distincta (Rothschild.

  20. ¿Es el ecoturismo una fuente Inagotable de riqueza? Recomendaciones para Su sostenibilidad (Is ecotourism an inexhaustible source of wealth? Recommendations for its sustainability

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Conrado Carrascosa López

    2015-11-01

    Full Text Available El ecoturismo se puede definir como aquel turismo que se fundamenta en la naturaleza y su protección. Supone una pequeña porción del turismo, aunque ha tenido un gran desarrollo recientemente y su auge está íntimamente asociado a una progresiva concienciación medioambiental generalizada. Costa Rica tiene una herencia natural y una biodiversidad exuberante, su principal fuente de riqueza es el turismo y es, además, pionero en el desarrollo del ecoturismo desde hace más de treinta años. Es interesante aprender desde la propia experiencia y echar la vista atrás para comprobar cómo ha sido este desarrollo y qué aspectos pueden mejorarse. Desde su nacimiento en Costa Rica, han aparecido ciertos aspectos necesarios de corregir para que no se agote dicho modelo. En este artículo se plantea la pregunta de si el ecoturismo es inagotable y se darán razones al respecto en las líneas siguientes. Para ello se hace una revisión de la literatura académica sobre ecoturismo, se estudian múltiples proyectos ecoturísticos en Costa Rica y en otros lugares de América Latina para conocer cuál es su estado actual, sus principales preocupaciones y dificultades, para así poder concluir con algunas recomendaciones para que se pueda mejorar la sostenibilidad del ecoturismo.   Abstract: Ecotourism can be defined as tourism based on nature and its protection. It represents a small share of tourism but has made great progress recently. This progress is closely associated with a progressive generalized environmental awareness. Costa Rica has an exuberant natural heritage and biodiversity, its main source of income is tourism, and has been a pioneer in the development of ecotourism for over thirty years. It is important to review this development to see what aspects can be improved. Since its birth in Costa Rica, there are certain aspects that must be corrected to prevent to exhaust this model. In this article, the question of whether ecotourism is

  1. Riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial da comunidade de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano em Maringá, Norte do Estado do Paraná, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v28i4.172 Richness, composition and spatial distribution of bird community on an urban forest fragment at Maringá, Northern Paraná State, Brazil- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.172

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcio Rodrigo Gimenes

    2007-11-01

    Full Text Available Foi analisada a riqueza, composição e distribuição espacial de aves em um fragmento florestal urbano de 47,3 ha em Maringá, Sul do Brasil (23°25’S e 51°25W. Quatro hábitats foram categorizados neste fragmento: interior de floresta, borda de floresta, áreas abertas e lago. A borda e interior de floresta foram divididos em três estratos: inferior (abaixo de 3 m, médio (3-6 m e superior (acima de 6 m. Uma transecção abrangendo todos os hábitats foi percorrida quatro vezes por mês de janeiro a dezembro de 2003, totalizando 48 dias de amostragens. Foram registradas 86 espécies de aves no fragmento florestal, sendo os insetívoros e onívoros, respectivamente, as guildas com maior número de espécies. A maioria das espécies foi registrada no máximo em 25% das amostragens. O interior da floresta foi o hábitat que teve a maior riqueza de espécies e a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. O estrato médio apresentou a maior riqueza e o superior a maior porcentagem de espécies com freqüência de ocorrência superior a 75%. Ressalta-se a importância de se manter os vários fragmentos florestais urbanos e a cobertura arbórea na cidade de Maringá, a fim de se minimizar os efeitos do isolamento e tentar suprir as necessidades de uma parte da comunidade de aves que possivelmente não se manteria caso não houvesse outras áreas florestais próximas ao local estudado.Richness, composition and spatial distribution of birds were analyzed on an urban forest fragment of 47.3 ha at Maringá, Southern Brazil (23°25'S and 51°25W. Four habitats were categorized on this fragment: forest, forest edge, open areas and lagoon. The forest and forest edge were divided into three levels: understory (bellow 3 m, mid-levels (3-6 m and canopy (above 6 m. A standard transect was ran throughout all pre-established habitats four times each month of January to December 2003, totaling 48 sampling days. A total of

  2. Short-term effects of habitat fragmentation on the abundance and species richness of beetles in experimental alfalfa micro-landscapes Efectos a corto plazo de la fragmentación del hábitat sobre la abundancia y riqueza de especies de coleópteros en micro-paisajes experimentales de alfalfa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    AUDREY A. GREZ

    2004-09-01

    , instead, it could favor the biota, at least at short time scalesLa pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat han sido consideradas como las principales causas de la disminución de biodiversidad. La pérdida de hábitat es una disminución del hábitat utilizable por los organismos y la fragmentación es un cambio en la configuración espacial del paisaje, donde los fragmentos remanentes quedan relativamente aislados entre sí. Trabajos teóricos recientes indican que los efectos de la pérdida de hábitat son más importantes que los de la fragmentación, sin embargo existen pocos estudios experimentales que evalúen por separado ambos procesos. Para estudiar los efectos de la fragmentación per se sobre la abundancia y riqueza de especies de coleópteros epigeos, se crearon 15 micro-paisajes de alfalfa de 30 x 30 m distribuidos en tres bloques. Doce de ellos se fragmentaron removiendo el 84 % del hábitat, dejando cuatro ó 16 fragmentos separados por 2 ó 6 m. Entre diciembre del 2002 y abril del 2003, antes y después de la fragmentación, se muestrearon los coleópteros mediante trampas Barber. Se capturó un total de 8.074 coleópteros de 75 especies pertenecientes a 16 familias. El tipo de paisaje no afectó la abundancia de coleópteros, sólo Anthicidae fue más abundante en los paisajes de 4 fragmentos separados por 2 m y fue más abundante en la matriz. El resto de de las familias fue más abundante en los fragmentos, significativamente Carabidae y Lathridiidae. La riqueza de especies por trampa y por paisaje fue mayor en los paisajes con 16 fragmentos separados por 6 m, concentrándose en los fragmentos. Contrario a lo descrito en la mayor parte de la literatura, la fragmentación no afectó negativamente la abundancia y riqueza de especies de coleópteros epigeos asociados a alfalfa. Más bien, fragmentos de alfalfa más pequeños y aislados ofrecieron un refugio de hábitat para la biodiversidad de coleópteros epigeos. Estos resultados concuerdan con los

  3. Comparison of carnivore, omnivore, and herbivore mammalian genomes with a new leopard assembly

    OpenAIRE

    Kim, Soonok; Cho, Yun Sung; Kim, Hak-Min; Chung, Oksung; Kim, Hyunho; Jho, Sungwoong; Seomun, Hong; Kim, Jeongho; Bang, Woo Young; Kim, Changmu; An, Junghwa; Bae, Chang Hwan; Bhak, Youngjune; Jeon, Sungwon; Yoon, Hyejun

    2016-01-01

    Background: There are three main dietary groups in mammals: carnivores, omnivores, and herbivores. Currently, there is limited comparative genomics insight into the evolution of dietary specializations in mammals. Due to recent advances in sequencing technologies, we were able to perform in-depth whole genome analyses of representatives of these three dietary groups. Results: We investigated the evolution of carnivory by comparing 18 representative genomes from across Mammalia with carnivorou...

  4. Taxonomy Icon Data: aye-aye [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available aye-aye Daubentonia madagascariensis Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Primate Daubentonia_madaga...scariensis_L.png Daubentonia_madagascariensis_NL.png Daubentonia_madagascariensis_S.png Daubentonia_madagasc...ariensis_NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Daubentonia+madagascar...iensis&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Daubentonia+madagascar...iensis&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Daubentonia+madagascariensis&t=S http://bi

  5. Radioprotective effect of catecholamines on the cultured Chinese hamster fibroblasts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chirkov, Yu.Yu.; Malatsidze, M.A.; Sobolev, A.S.

    1985-01-01

    On cultivated in vitro Chinese hamster fibroblasts radioprotective properties of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoproterenol in different concentrations are studied. Isoproterenol radiopreventive effect is clearly manifested with its concentration being 1x10 -8 M; adrenaline and noradrenaline are efficient in higher concentrations. Propranolol, blocking β-adrenergic receptors, completely presents radioprotective effect of catecholamines on the cells. β-adrenergic mechanism of catecholamine radioprotective effect on Mammalia cells is discussed

  6. Reseña de “Images of Public Wealth or the Anatomy of Well-Being in Indigenous Amazonia” de Fernando Santos-Granero (Ed.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Fontana Sierra

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available El siguiente artículo es una reseña sobre el libro “Images of Public Wealth or the Anatomy of Well-Being in Indigenous Amazonia” (2015, el cual muestra una serie de estudios realizados por varios investigadores en comunidades indígenas del Amazonas. A través de diversas investigaciones, este libro analiza diferentes perspectivas sobre riqueza pública, la cual gira entorno a nociones de bienestar, acumulación, reparto, etc. y refleja el valor dado a lo colectivo, lo simbólico y lo moral. A su vez, los casos analizados reflejan cómo las visiones indígenas proporcionan enfoques que cuestionan la concepción de riqueza propia de la sociedad y el sistema capitalista, contradiciendo su máxima universalizadora y poniendo sobre la mesa el debate alrededor del desarrollo y la riqueza.

  7. Osservazioni in cattività sul ciclo stagionale del peso corporeo e sull'efficienza digestiva di Pipistrellus kuhlii e Hypsugo savii (Chiroptera: Verspertilionidae

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gianna Dondini

    2004-06-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Captivity observation on body weight cycle and digestive efficiency in Pipistrellus kuhlii and Hypsugo savii (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae Many bat species of cold-temperate climate are subject to seasonal variation of temperature and food availability. Fat reserve during summer-autumn is therefore a physiological adaptation to spend the winter months by hibernating or to sustain migration. During a research on bats in urban areas, two juveniles of Kuhl's bat (Pipistrellus kuhlii, 2 females and two juveniles of Savi's bat (Hypsugo savii, 1 male and 1 female were collected in 1997 in the urban area of Florence (central Italy. Bats were kept in a cage of 50x40x30 cm with a temperature between 17° and 22° C. Every day they were weighted with an electronic balance before eating mealworms (Tenebrio molitor. Digestive efficiency, calculated on dry material, was about 90% for both species. In about six months P. kuhlii and H. savii increased on the average of 450% and 280% in weight respectively. Deposition of fat reserve seemed to be faster in P. kuhlii than in H. savii. Both species showed a circannual cycle in the variation of weight. Riassunto Molte specie di pipistrelli dei climi temperato-freddi sono soggette a marcate variazioni stagionali di temperatura e disponibilità di cibo. L'accumulo di grasso in tarda estate-autunno è quindi un adattamento fisiologico per trascorrere in ibernazione i mesi invernali o per intraprendere la migrazione. Nell'ambito di una ricerca pluriennale sui pipistrelli in ambienti urbani, 4 esemplari giovani, di cui 2 di Pipistrello albolimbato (Pipistrellus kuhlii, 2 femmine e due di Pipistrello di Savi (Hypsugo savii, 1 maschio e 1 femmina, sono stati raccolti nella pianura di Firenze durante l'estate del 1997 e mantenuti in un contenitore di 50x40x30 cm ad

  8. Riqueza y abundancia de aves en bosques ribereños de diferentes anchos en la microcuenca del río Sesesmiles, Copán, Honduras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Inty T Arcos

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available El estudió se realizó en la microcuenca del río Sesesmiles, Departamento de Copán, Honduras. El propósito fue explorar el efecto del ancho de franja de los bosques ribereños sobre la riqueza y abundancia de especies de aves que visitan estos bosques. Se encontraron 1 294 aves pertenecientes a 145 especies en bosques ribereños. La diversidad de aves estuvo ligada al ancho de franja de los bosques ribereños: se encontró mayor número de especies e individuos, en anchos iguales o mayores a 50 m. Las especies pertenecientes al grupo alimenticio de los insectívoros y nectarívoros fueron las más abundantes en las franjas ribereñas. Todas las especies de aves identificadas dependen de los bosques ribereños y responden al ancho del bosque; aún las especies más generalistas tienen algún grado de dependencia a las franjas ribereñas más anchas. Para conservar las poblaciones de aves en los paisajes agrícolas fragmentados es de suma importancia mantener franjas ribereñas que sean mayores a 50 m de ancho y que brinden suficientes habitas y recursos.Richness and abundance of birds in riparian forest belts of varied breadths at the Sesesmiles river microwatershed, Copan, Honduras. Riparian forests protect many species of plants and animals. We studied bird communities in riparian forest belts of the Sesesmiles river microwatershed, Copan, Honduras (140o 43’ 12" - 140o 58’ 35" N, 88o 53’ 23" - 89o 14’ 17" W. The main goal was to explore the effects of belt breadth on the richness and abundance of avian species visiting these forests. We selected 20 belts, and randomly established 30 observation points to monitor bird presence in the dry (March-April 2005 and rainy (June-July 2005 season (N= 60 observations. A total of 1 294 birds belonging to 145 species were recorded. Bird diversity was significantly correlated to the breadth of the riparian belts, with a greater number of species and individuals in belts 50 m wide or wider

  9. ¿La práctica de la siembra directa en cultivos de soja favorece las poblaciones de acridios (Orthoptera: Acrididae en el partido de Benito Juárez?

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    Daniel SCUFFI

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Considerando el desarrollo del cultivo de soja en siembra directa en el partido de Benito Juárez, y que algunos autores sostienen que esta práctica favorece los acridios, se evaluó la riqueza de especies y la abundancia en soja con siembra directa y convencional. Se registraron siete especies (Aleuas lineatus Stål, Covasacris pallidinota (Bruner, Baeacris pseudopunctulatus (Ronderos, Dichroplus elongatus Giglio-Tos, Dichroplus maculipennis (Blanchard, Dichroplus pratensis Bruner y Scotussa lemniscata (Stål. La riqueza de especies acumulada en los diferentes cultivos fue similar (p> 0,05. En soja de primera con siembra directa, se registraron 2,3 ± 0,19 especies, en soja de primera con siembra convencional 1,45 ± 0,15 especies y en soja de segunda con siembra directa 2,25 ± 0,28 especies. Dichroplus elongatus fue la especie más abundante en todos los cultivos y en todos los momentos. Las restantes presentaron baja abundancia y se registraron en algunos momentos. No existió diferencia (p> 0,05 en la abundancia de tucuras entre los cultivos y en las diferentes fechas de muestreo. La baja riqueza de especies registrada estaría relacionada con la baja diversidad vegetal de los cultivos. Este estudio no mostró diferencias en la abundancia y riqueza de especies de acuerdo a la labranza utilizada.

  10. Impacto de los cultivos orgánicos sobre la diversidad de insectos una revisión de investigaciones recientes

    OpenAIRE

    Montañez Velásquez, Maria Natalia

    2014-01-01

    Combinando herramientas de la revisión clásica y del metanálisis, se analizaron los resultados de 35 estudios recientes que comparan la diversidad de insectos en cultivos orgánicos y convencionales para determinar si los primeros posibilitan un mejor espacio de conservación para los insectos. La riqueza de especies y su abundancia es significativamente mayor en cultivos orgánicos. Los estudios registraron una alta heterogeneidad tanto para riqueza de especies como para abundancia. Los cultivo...

  11. Nivel de riqueza regional, bienestar y desarrollo.

    OpenAIRE

    Prada, Albino; Sanchez-Fernandez, Patricio

    2018-01-01

    In this paper an analysis of the level of wealth of the Spanish regions is made, taking from the results of the Social Welfare Index carried out by the Valencian Institute of Economic Research (IVIE) and the BBVA Foundation. For this purpose, this indicator is compared with two other synthetic indicators of development and well-being. The results allow us to verify the differences in transformation of wealth into development between the different regions.

  12. Riqueza, relevância e estratégias para a conservação de fisionomias campestres do Cerrado no Horto Florestal de Botucatu, SP, Brasil. Richness, relevance and conservation strategies for savanna grasslands in the Horto Florestal of Botucatu, SP, Brazil.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Natashi Aparecida Lima PILON

    2017-06-01

    Full Text Available As fitofisionomias campestres e as plantas do estrato herbáceo-arbustivo têm sido pouco estudadas em todo o mundo e, pelo seu desconhecimento, poucos esforços têm sido empreendidos em sua conservação. Visando contribuir para preencher esta lacuna, efetuamos a caracterização florística e do espectro biológico das fisionomias campo sujo e campo limpo úmido em um remanescente de vegetação de Cerrado no Horto Florestal de Botucatu, SP. Registramos, no total, 210 espécies, sendo a maioria ervas (61%, seguidas de arbustos (17% e subarbustos (17%. Espécies arbóreas representam apenas 6% da riqueza da flora local. Apenas 12 espécies foram comuns às duas fisionomias, indicando alta especificidade de habitat (alta diversidade beta. O campo sujo apresentou maior riqueza de espécies e diversidade de formas de vida, mas o número de famílias foi maior no campo úmido. Entre as espécies observadas, seis estão ameaçadas de extinção no estado de SP e no Brasil: Evolvulus fuscus Meisn., Curtia tenuifolia (Aubl. Knobl., Camarea hirsuta A.St-Hil., Andropogon hypogynus Hack., Richardia stellaris (Cham. & Schltdl. Steud. e Xyris brevifolia Michx. Embora a área estudada seja pequena, com 33,88 ha de extensão, sujeita a impactos diversos devido à sua localização na zona urbana do município, a elevada biodiversidade ainda existente nesta rara amostra remanescente das fisionomias campestres de Cerrado no estado de São Paulo fortalece sua relevância para a conservação do bioma e a recomendação de que seja categorizada como Estação Ecológica.Tropical grassy biomes and the small plants forming the ground layer have been rarely assessed in the entire world. Unknown, they have been globally neglected by science and conservation policies. Aiming at filling this gap, we assessed the plant species composition and the biological spectrum of dry and wet grasslands within a small remnant of Cerrado vegetation, in Botucatu, SP, Brazil. We

  13. Homo sapiens natriuretic peptide precursor type C (NPPC) mRNA,partial cds and 3' UTR.

    OpenAIRE

    Landi, Stefano; Melaiu, Ombretta; Cabiati, Manuela; Landi, Debora; Caselli, Chiara; Prescimone, Tommaso; Giannessi, Daniela; Gemignani, Federica; Del Ry, Silvia

    2010-01-01

    LOCUS HQ419060 318 bp mRNA linear PRI 24-NOV-2010 DEFINITION Homo sapiens natriuretic peptide precursor type C (NPPC) mRNA, partial cds and 3' UTR. ACCESSION HQ419060 VERSION HQ419060.1 GI:312261407 KEYWORDS . SOURCE Homo sapiens (human) ORGANISM Homo sapiens Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. REFERENCE 1 (bases 1 to 318) AUTHORS Landi,S., Melaiu,O., Cabiati,M., Landi,D., C...

  14. Estudios Mastozoológicos Colombianos, I Chiroptera Estudios Mastozoológicos Colombianos, I Chiroptera

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    Barriga Bonilla Ernesto

    1965-09-01

    Full Text Available This work is a contribution to the systematic and zoogeographical knowledge of the Colombian mammals. Three species of bats (Artibeus concolor, Chiroderma trinitatum gorgasi and Todarida laticaudata are recorded by first time from this country Artibeus concolor (a species known up to date by three specimens recorded in the literature, two of them apparently lost is redescribed on the bases of six specimens collected in the vicinity of Mitú, Vaupés, The species is closely related to the sympatric A. cinereus but it is larger size (fairly evident when comparisons are made sex by sex and by the constancy of the M3 with cusps comparatively developed. The highest altitudinal record (2600 m. for Vampyrops dorsalis is reported. Chiroderma gorgasi is regarded as a subspecies of C. trinitatum and it is recorded from the vicinity of Mitú. The nominated subspecies of Lasiurus ega is recorded by the first time from Colombia. Tadarida laticaudata macarenensis (new subspecies known only from the southern end of the Macarena Mountains, Meta, can be distinguished from its closest neighbour (T.I. europs mainly by its larger size. T.I. macarenensis resembles T.l. laticaudata, but it is decidedly smaller, and furthermore their ranges are widely separated by the areal interposition of T. I. europs, a subspecies now recorded from Colombia by the first time. This work is a contribution to the systematic and zoogeographical knowledge of the Colombian mammals. Three species of bats (Artibeus concolor, Chiroderma trinitatum gorgasi and Todarida laticaudata are recorded by first time from this country Artibeus concolor (a species known up to date by three specimens recorded in the literature, two of them apparently lost is redescribed on the bases of six specimens collected in the vicinity of Mitú, Vaupés, The species is closely related to the sympatric A. cinereus but it is larger size (fairly evident when comparisons are made sex by sex and by the constancy of the M3 with cusps comparatively developed. The highest altitudinal record (2600 m. for Vampyrops dorsalis is reported. Chiroderma gorgasi is regarded as a subspecies of C. trinitatum and it is recorded from the vicinity of Mitú. The nominated subspecies of Lasiurus ega is recorded by the first time from Colombia. Tadarida laticaudata macarenensis (new subspecies known only from the southern end of the Macarena Mountains, Meta, can be distinguished from its closest neighbour (T.I. europs mainly by its larger size. T.I. macarenensis resembles T.l. laticaudata, but it is decidedly smaller, and furthermore their ranges are widely separated by the areal interposition of T. I. europs, a subspecies now recorded from Colombia by the first time.

  15. Protists from caves: preliminary data on populations of the "Covolo della guerra", Berici hills (Vicenza, Italy): Jamski enoceličarji: predhodne razsikave o njihovih populacijah v kraški jami "Covolo della guerra" v hribovju Berici (Vicenza, Italija):

    OpenAIRE

    Coppellotti Krupa, Olimpia; Guidolin, Laura

    1999-01-01

    Posledica povečanega zanimanja za speleologijo je nekaj prav presenetljivih odkritij iz obdobja zadnjih nekaj let v italijanskih jamah. Toda na podlagi zbranega favnističnega gradiva so bila do danes posebno raziskane le nekatere taksonomske skupine, na primer Insecta, Chilopoda, Gastropoda in Chiroptera. Zaradi pomena organizmov, ki živijo v skoraj vseh ekosistemih, se je zdelo še posebno zanimivo raziskati, kot preproste modele za sistem njihovega spremljanja (monitoringa), populacije enoce...

  16. Orchid bees (Apidae: Euglossini in a forest fragment in the ecotone Cerrado-Amazonian forest, Brazil

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    José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta información sobre la riqueza de especies y abundancia de Euglossini en la zona de transición entre el Cerrado y la selva amazónica, en la cuenca del río Xingu. Las muestras se recogieron en un fragmento de bosque en el municipio de Ribeirão Cascalheira, Mato Grosso, Brasil, entre el 1 y 5 de noviembre de 2011. Las sustancias puras de benzoato de bencilo, 1,8 cineol, eugenol y la vainillina se utilizaron en la colección activa, mientras que el salicilato de metilo se utilizó en trampas pasiva. Un total de 168 machos pertenecientes a los cuatro géneros fueron registrados, distribuidos en 19 especies. La mayor riqueza de especies se registró en Euglossa, con Eulaema nigrita, la especie más abundante en la comunidad. La riqueza de especies varió entre el borde y el primer punto dentro del fragmento. Los machos de Euglossini eran más activos entre 10:00-11:00 h, y el 1,8 cineol fue la sustancia pura más atractiva. El fragmento estudiado contenía un alto grado de riqueza de especies de Euglossini en una región de la heterogeneidad ambiental extensa, que sigue siendo en gran parte desconocido con relación a su fauna de insectos y merece la atención para la elaboración de nuevos inventarios.

  17. UNA COMPARACIÓN ENTRE TRANSICIONES DE FASE Y CONFLICTOS SOCIALES APLICADA A LAS ANTIGUAS CIVILIZACIONES MESOAMERICANAS (A Comparison between Phase Transitions and Social Conflicts Applied to the Ancient Mesoamerican Civilizations

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    Juan César Flores

    2018-06-01

    Full Text Available La conexión cuantitativa entre conflictividad social, desigualdad y riqueza relativa es reexaminada desde la perspectiva de las transiciones de fase. La conflictividad puede, o no, desarrollarse a partir de valores críticos de la riqueza y la desigualdad. En efecto, para valores pequeños de la desigualdad (o grandes de la riqueza relativa, la conflictividad social no se manifiesta. Contrariamente, la conflictividad sí aparece por encima de los valores críticos de desigualdad y riqueza relativa. Su aplicación a la Mesoamérica prehispánica (1200 a. C.-1520 d. C., representada por la cuenca del río Balsas, muestra que en ese caso siempre hubo conflictividad. De hecho, en el periodo Clásico Temprano (200 al 650 d. C. alcanzó su nivel más bajo, ligeramente por encima del valor crítico. ENGLISH: This study uses a phase transition perspective to reexamine the quantitative connection between social conflicts, inequality, and relative wealth. At low levels of social inequality (or large relative wealth, social conflicts do not manifest. However, once critical values of wealth and inequality are reached, conflicts appear. In pre-Hispanic Mesoamerica (1200 BC to 1520 AD, here represented by the Balsas river basin, conflicts were always present. Indeed, in the period from 200 to 650 AD (Early Classic social conflicts reached their lowest level, only slightly above the critical value.

  18. Guía socio-ambiental para las obras de construcción de vivienda en la ciudad de Armenia

    OpenAIRE

    Nivia Montenegro, Luz Stella

    2017-01-01

    Armenia es una ciudad con una riqueza natural y ambiental, reflejada en las 54 quebradas que conforman 18 microcuencas que recorren el territorio urbano hasta drenar a los ríos Quindío, Espejo y la Quebrada Cristales -- Estos espacios naturales incluyen fauna y flora que generan una fortaleza y riqueza ambiental en una región declarada por la Unesco en el año 2011 como paisaje cultural cafetero -- El paisaje y extenso verde de la ciudad, se ve en peligro debido al desarrollo de la construcció...

  19. Caracterización de la artropofauna terrestre del humedal Jaboque (Bogotá, Colombia

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    David Alejandro Sánchez Núñez

    2005-01-01

    (>5%. Se encontró un total de 16 morfoespecies de insectos presentando contenido polínico. Estas morfoespecies pertenecen a las familias Muscidae, Syrphidae, Dolichopodidae, Tephritidae, Tipulidae, Sciaridae, Heleomyzidae, Sciomyzidae y Chrysomelidae. Los dípteros y sus familias Muscidae y Syrphidae registraron las mayores riquezas de morfoespecies, abundancias, número de familias vegetales visitadas, además de demostrar una alta capacidad de movilidad. Las compuestas con estrategia de polinización entomófila y las gramíneas con estrategia anemófila presentaron las mayores riquezas de insectos visitantes florales.

  20. Mariposas del Volcán Casita, departamento de Chinandega, Nicaragua

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    Jean-Michel Maes

    1999-12-01

    Full Text Available El Volcán Casitas ubicado en Chinandega, Nicaragua, ha sido declarado recientemente, una reserva natural por la riqueza de la flora y fauna que subsiste en sus laderas. Dentro de la riqueza faunística se encuentran 79 especies de mariposas conocidas en la actualidad y de las cuales se presenta, en este trabajo, una lista que contiene la distribución general de cada especie, la planta hospedadora de las larvas y otros lugares de Nicaragua donde también se ha colectado esa misma especie de mariposa.

  1. Diversidade dos Belytinae (Hymenoptera: Diaprioidea: Diapriidae) ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal de Mata Atlântica Ombrófila Densa

    OpenAIRE

    Alex Leite Quadros

    2015-01-01

    Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram conhecer a distribuição da riqueza dos Hymenoptera parasitoides Diapriidae Belytinae ao longo de um gradiente latitudinal da Mata Atlântica e explicar as causas do padrão de riqueza encontrado por comparação com os padrões descritos para outros grupos. Os Belytinae exercem papel chave na regulação natural de populações de muitas espécies de Mycetophilidae e Sciaridae (Diptera) e o conhecimento sobre a diversidade desta subfamília no bioma Mata Atlâ...

  2. Prólogo

    OpenAIRE

    Velásquez, Orlando

    2015-01-01

    No hay una difusión importante de la tradición, los valores y patrones culturales del norte del Perú. Cuando se admira la riqueza de la cultura peruana, lo hermoso de sus costumbres, el legado de nuestros antepasados, la fuerza de lo simbólico, el colorido del arte y las manifestaciones culturales de la sociedad peruana, miramos hacia el sur y centro de nuestro país. La difusión de la riqueza cultural del norte es casi inexistente. El peruano común y corriente, el intelectual, el gobernante, ...

  3. El abono mixto y la enmienda calcárea

    OpenAIRE

    Mejía, Pedro Nel

    2013-01-01

    De gran importancia he encontrado tratar sobre este tema que de suyo dará a conocer a grandes rasgos la fuente de riqueza que existe en la "Granja de Termales", en donde el Ministerio de la Economía Nacional posee en la actualidad ochocientos ejemplares ovinos (800). entre machos y hembras, correspondientes a las razas "Merino puro" y los cruces de Merino con la oveja criolla de Boyacá y Marulanda. La fuente de riqueza a que me refiero, es aquella del abono proporcionado por estos anima...

  4. The Genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: Adult Identification Keys, Diagnoses, Hosts, and Distribution (El genero Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) en Mexico: claves de identificacion para adultos, diagnosis, huespedes y distribucion)

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    also from Estado de México (Hoffmann, 1969). Hosts in Mexico. Cricetidae and Hominidae ( Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia) (Hoffmann, 1969...distribution El género Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) en México: claves de identifi cación para adultos, diagnosis, huéspedes y distribución Carmen Guzmán...postdoctoral scholarship under the Programa de Formación e Incorporación de Profesores de Carrera en Facultades y Escuelas para el Fortalecimiento de la

  5. Taxonomy Icon Data: mandrill [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available mandrill Mandrillus sphinx Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Primate Mandrillus_sphinx..._L.png Mandrillus_sphinx_NL.png Mandrillus_sphinx_S.png Mandrillus_sphinx_NS.png http://biosci...encedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Mandrillus+sphinx&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Mandrillus+sphinx...&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Mandrillus+sphinx...&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Mandrillus+sphinx&t=NS ...

  6. Taxonomy Icon Data: Asiatic tapir [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Asiatic tapir Tapirus indicus Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/etc. Tapirus_indicus_L.png Tapi...rus_indicus_NL.png Tapirus_indicus_S.png Tapirus_indicus_NS.png http://biosciencedbc....jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tapirus+indicus&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tapirus+ind...icus&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tapirus+indicus&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tapirus+indicus&t=NS ...

  7. Taxonomy Icon Data: llama [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available llama Lama glama Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Artiodactyla Lama_glama_L.png Lama_glama_NL.png Lama_glama_S.png Lama_glama..._NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Lama+glam...a&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Lama+glama&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/t...axonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Lama+glama&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Lama+glama&t=NS ...

  8. The hypothesis of wealth maximization for stockholders during mergers and acquisitions - an empirical analysis of Brazilian stocks after the real plan Análise empírica da hipótese de maximização da riqueza dos acionistas nos processos de fusão e aquisição ocorridos no mercado de capitais brasileiro pós-plano real

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Antônio de Camargos

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available The concept of creating wealth for stockholders through stock price increases usually accompanies a merger or acquisition. This ongoing appeal continues to be defended by those demonstrating such price increases and is contested by adversaries. Analyses were made of the market reaction and return of open companies on the Brazilian stock exchange, BOVESPA, after mergers and acquisitions between July 1994 and July 2002 based upon abnormal returns close to the press releases. The method used was the Event-Study and statistical treatment made use of the One-Way ANOVA and T test (One-Sample Test. Mergers and acquisitions analyzed had no statistically significant impact on the price of the stocks although there was a tendency for abnormal returns to recede after press releases, so that no real gains resulted, contrary to this hypothesis of wealth maximization.A lógica subjacente a um processo de fusão ou aquisição geralmente é a potencial criação de riqueza para os acionistas na forma de valorização acionária. Trata-se de um tema recorrente, ainda permeado por embates de estudiosos que defendem ou encontraram evidências empíricas de valorização das ações, contra os que a contestam. O artigo avaliou a reação do mercado e a rentabilidade de ações de companhias adquirentes de capital aberto brasileiras que passaram por processos de fusão ou aquisição no âmbito do mercado da BOVESPA, entre julho de 1994 e julho de 2002, por meio da análise de retornos anormais em períodos próximos a cada anúncio. A metodologia utilizada foi um Estudo de Evento. No tratamento estatístico foram utilizados os testes One-Way ANOVA e o Teste T para uma amostra (One-Sample Test. Concluiu-se que os processos de fusão ou aquisição estudados não causaram impactos significativos estatisticamente no preço das ações, apesar da tendência de queda da média dos retornos anormais após a divulgação do evento, e que esses processos não resultaram

  9. Recent and subrecent diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba in Slovakia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Obuch Ján

    2016-12-01

    Full Text Available We completed data on the diet of the barn owl (Tyto alba predominately from pellets for the period of the last 50 years from Slovakia. We analyzed material from 251 locations and 16 territorial units. The aggregate represents 119,231 pieces of prey from 47 species of mammals (Mammalia, 95.7% and 58 species of birds (Aves, 3.9%, with a small representation of amphibians, reptiles (Amphibia and Reptilia, 0.2% and invertebrates (Invertebrata, 0.2%. The obtaining of food among the owls is limited to synanthropic environments and the surrounding agricultural landscape, and the centre of its distribution in the recent period (i.e. the past 50 years: 1965-201 5 has been concentrated mainly on the southern parts of Slovakia. In this environment the common vole (Microtus arvalis, 59.6% is the primary prey. Additional prey are rodents of the family Muridae: Mus musculus (5.6%, Micromys minutus (2.2%, Apodemus microps (2.2%, A. flavicollis (2.0%, A. sylvaticus (1 .6% and A. agrarius (1 .5%; insectivores of the family Soricidae: Sorex araneus (6.2%, S. minutus (2.4%, Crocidura leucodon (4.8% and C. suaveolens (2.8%; and the house sparrow Passer domesticus (2.9%. In the higher situated Turcianska kotlina Basin the species M. arvalis (74.3% has higher domination, and instead of the white-toothed shrews the water shrews Neomys anomalus (2.8% and N. fodiens (1 .3% are more abundantly represented. In 3 localities owls focused on hunting bats; for example, in the church in Ratková the order Chiroptera made up 35.2% of prey. From the subrecent period (i.e. from before more than 50 years ago we evaluate 4 samples from the territory of Slovakia with 15,601 pieces of prey ofT. alba. Before more than 50 years ago owls were also more abundantly represented at higher elevations in Slovakia, evidence of which is Weisz’s collection of pellets from 1 6 localities in the Ondavská vrchovina Upland in the years 1945 to 1963, but also a registry of data from the 19th and

  10. Riqueza de espécies, estrutura e composição florística de uma floresta secundária de 40 anos no leste da Amazônia Species richness, structure, and floristic composition of a 40 years old secondary forest in Eastern Amazon

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sâmyrams Carim

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available A perda de florestas naturais devido a pressões antrópicas levou as florestas secundárias a ocupar uma grande proporção de áreas no leste da Amazônia. Com o objetivo de conhecer as características de uma comunidade arbórea e a estrutura populacional das espécies mais representativas, foram investigadas a riqueza de espécies, a estrutura e a composição florística de uma floresta secundária de 40 anos no município de Bragança (01°11'S e 46°40'W, Estado do Pará, Brasil. A amostragem contou com todos os indivíduos de espécies arbóreas (exceto Arecaceae com DAP > 5 cm em 150 quadrados de 10×10 m. Foram registrados 2.934 indivíduos em 154 espécies, 101 gêneros e 40 famílias. A densidade foi de 1.956,00 ± 643,45 ind ha-1 e a área basal de 17,358 ± 7,952 m² ha-1 com um índice de diversidade de Shannon de 4,030 nats. ind.-1. As espécies com a maior abundância de indivíduos foram Myrcia bracteata, Casearia arborea e Maprounea guianensis. As com maior área basal foram Tapirira guianensis, Croton matourensis e Maprounea guianensis. A riqueza de espécies adaptou-se ao modelo de distribuição lognormal apenas para área basal e não para número de indivíduos. Em 40 anos de sucessão, esta floresta mostra uma grande diversidade de espécies e baixa área basal.The loss of natural forests due to the anthropic pressure carried the secondary forests to occupy great proportions of areas in East of Amazon. With the aim to known the characteristics of a arboreal community and the population structure of the most representative species, it were investigated species richness, structure, and floristic composition of a 40 years old secondary forest in the municipality of Bragança (01°11'S and 46°40'W, Pará State, Brazil. It was sampled all individuals of arboreal species (except Arecaceae with DBH > 5 cm in 150 plots of 10×10 m. It was registered 2,934 individuals in 154 species, 101 genera and 40 families. The density was 1

  11. A perspective on bats (Chiroptera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Brock Fenton

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available With over 130 species, bats are the most diverse group of mammals almost everywhere in sub-Saharan Africa. Since 2000, two books (Monadjem et al. 2010; Taylor 2000 have made it much easier to appreciate this reality. Species previously unrecognised are frequent discoveries (e.g. Taylor et al. 2012. Whilst most species are mainly insectivorous, some rely more directly on plants, taking fruit and visiting flowers to obtain nectar and pollen. The combination of mobility, long lifespan and diversity of trophic roles makes bats potentially valuable as indicators of ecosystem health (Cumming & Spiesman 2006. Lack of detailed information, however, makes it easy to overlook bats when focusing on issues of conservation.

  12. A perspective on bats (Chiroptera

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    M. Brock Fenton

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available With over 130 species, bats are the most diverse group of mammals almost everywhere in sub-Saharan Africa. Since 2000, two books (Monadjem et al. 2010; Taylor 2000 have made it much easier to appreciate this reality. Species previously unrecognised are frequent discoveries (e.g. Taylor et al. 2012. Whilst most species are mainly insectivorous, some rely more directly on plants, taking fruit and visiting flowers to obtain nectar and pollen. The combination of mobility, long lifespan and diversity of trophic roles makes bats potentially valuable as indicators of ecosystem health (Cumming & Spiesman 2006. Lack of detailed information, however, makes it easy to overlook bats when focusing on issues of conservation.

  13. On some Chiroptera from Greece

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Laar, van Vincent; Daan, Serge

    1964-01-01

    On a trip to Greece between the 25th April and the 25th July 1963, the authors collected (on the mainland and some islands in the Aegean) insects, amphibians and reptiles as well as 194 mammals. Among the mammals, mainly rodents and insectivores, there were also 27 bats, belonging to five species.

  14. COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE ANUROS NO PARQUE NATURAL MUNICIPAL AUGUSTO RUSCHI

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Matheus de Toledo Moroti

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar a riqueza de espécies de anuros determinando a sua distribuição espacial e sua sazonalidade. A área de estudo compreende o Parque Natural Municipal Augusto Ruschi, em São José dos Campos (SP. Foram registradas 33 espécies de anuros. A maior riqueza de espécies encontradas vocalizando foi na estação chuvosa e quente, no entanto em relação as análises estatísticas, apenas a temperatura máxima e média mensal apresentaram resultados significativos na riqueza de espécies. As espécies foram encontradas distribuídas em diferentes micro-hábitats e macro-hábitats, mostrando que o PNMAR possui uma heterogeneidade ambiental. Os resultados aqui apresentados podem ser utilizados para o manejo do PNMAR, a fim de criar estratégias de preservação dos diferentes habitats de reprodução.

  15. Molecular phylogeny of Japanese Rhinolophidae based on variations in the complete sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sakai, Takahiro; Kikkawa, Yoshiaki; Tsuchiya, Kimiyuki; Harada, Masashi; Kanoe, Masamitsu; Yoshiyuki, Mizuko; Yonekawa, Hiromichi

    2003-04-01

    Microchiroptera have diversified into many species whose size and the shapes of the complicated ear and nose have been adapted to their echolocation abilities. Their speciation processes, and intra- and interspecies relationships are still under discussion. Here we report on the geographical variation of Japanese Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and R. cornutus using the complete sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to clarify the phylogenetic positions of the 2 species as well as that of Rhinolophidae within the Microchiroptera. We have found that sequence divergence values within each of the 2 species are unexpectedly low (0.07%-0.94%). We have also found that there is no local specificity of their mtCytb alleles. On the other hand, the divergence values for Japanese Microchiroptera (12.7%-16.6%) are much higher than those for other mammalian genera. Similarly, the values among five genera of Vespertilionidae were 20.5%-27.3%. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the 2 species of family Rhinolophidae in the suborder Microchiroptera belong to the Megachiroptera cluster in the constructed maximum parsimony tree. These results suggest that the speciation of Rhinolophidae involved its divergence as an independent lineage from other Microchiroptera, and other microbats might be paraphyletic. In addition, the tree also shows that the order Chiroptera is monophylitic, and the closest group to Chiroptera is the ungulates.

  16. [Research perspectives and achievements in taxonomy and distribution of bats in China].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Zhi-Xiao; Zhang, You-Xiang; Zhang, Li-Biao

    2013-12-01

    Chinese chiropterologists have made significant improvements into research on bat taxonomy and distribution. Overall, scholars recorded 6 new species of bats, alongside 11 species recorded species in the Chinese Mainland and 4 new bat species of Murina in Taiwan. Chinese chiropterologists intensively cooperated with the international experts on bats, and adopted several new, multidisciplinary methods to carry out their studies. Likewise, in China, an increased awareness of bat conservation has been growing. While publications on Chiroptera are continuing to increase increased in China, the methodology of these studies remains to be further developed in hopes of revealing the new and cryptic bat species. Considering the vast territory of China and the migrational habit of bats, we expect that with more refined methodology, more new species of bats and their distributions may be uncovered in the near future. Concurrently, it is important to reexamine the known species by the new taxonomic methods and fauna analysis through which the distribution and subdivision of bats can be updated. Additionally, an international platform for exchanging information of bats needs to be established to enhance the academic cooperation for bat researches. It is highly possible that China will soon become an important research center on taxonomy, distribution, phylogenetics and diversity evolution of Chiroptera, especially as Chinese researchers continues create new knowledge for bats at the α, β and γ taxonomic levels.

  17. Distribution and morphology of cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic neurons in the brain of the Egyptian rousette flying fox, Rousettus aegyptiacus.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Maseko, Busisiwe C; Bourne, James A; Manger, Paul R

    2007-11-01

    Over the past decade much controversy has surrounded the hypothesis that the megachiroptera, or megabats, share unique neural characteristics with the primates. These observations, which include similarities in visual pathways, have suggested that the megabats are more closely related to the primates than to the other group of the Chiropteran order, the microbats, and suggests a diphyletic origin of the Chiroptera. To contribute data relevant to this debate, we used immunohistochemical techniques to reveal the architecture of the neuromodulatory systems of the Egyptian rousette (Rousettus aegypticus), an echolocating megabat. Our findings revealed many similarities in the nuclear parcellation of the cholinergic, putative catecholaminergic and serotonergic systems with that seen in other mammals including the microbat. However, there were 11 discrete nuclei forming part of these systems in the brain of the megabat studied that were not evident in an earlier study of a microbat. The occurrence of these nuclei align the megabat studied more closely with primates than any other mammalian group and clearly distinguishes them from the microbat, which aligns with the insectivores. The neural systems investigated are not related to such Chiropteran specializations as echolocation, flight, vision or olfaction. If neural characteristics are considered strong indicators of phylogenetic relationships, then the data of the current study strongly supports the diphyletic origin of Chiroptera and aligns the megabat most closely with primates in agreement with studies of other neural characters.

  18. The Genus Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) in Mexico: Adult Identification Keys, Diagnoses, Hosts, and Distribution

    Science.gov (United States)

    2010-01-01

    Cricetidae and Hominidae ( Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758) (Mammalia) (Hoffmann, 1969). Note. The tick from Valle de Bravo, Estado de México, was...distribution El género Ixodes (Acari: Ixodidae) en México: claves de identifi cación para adultos, diagnosis, huéspedes y distribución Carmen Guzmán...Incorporación de Profesores de Carrera en Facultades y Escuelas para el Fortalecimiento de la Investigación (PROFIP). Tila María Pérez, Curator of CNAC

  19. Taxonomy Icon Data: African savanna elephant [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available African savanna elephant Loxodonta africana Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/etc. Loxodonta_afri...cana_L.png Loxodonta_africana_NL.png Loxodonta_africana_S.png Loxodonta_africana_NS....png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+africana&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonom...y_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+africana&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+afric...ana&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Loxodonta+africana&t=NS ...

  20. Taxonomy Icon Data: Javan tree shrew [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Javan tree shrew Tupaia javanica Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/etc. Tupaia_java...nica_L.png Tupaia_javanica_NL.png Tupaia_javanica_S.png Tupaia_javanica_NS.png http://bioscienced...bc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tupaia+javanica&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tupaia+java...nica&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tupaia+javanica&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Tupaia+javanica&t=NS ...

  1. Taxonomy Icon Data: sperm whale [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Cetacea Physeter_macrocephal...us_L.png Physeter_macrocephalus_NL.png Physeter_macrocephalus_S.png Physeter_macrocephal...us_NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Physeter+macrocephalus&t=L http://bioscience...dbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Physeter+macrocephalus&t=NL http://biosciencedbc....jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Physeter+macrocephalus&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Physeter+macrocephalus&t=NS ...

  2. Taxonomy Icon Data: Asiatic elephant [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Asiatic elephant Elephas maximus Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/etc. Elephas_maxim...us_L.png Elephas_maximus_NL.png Elephas_maximus_S.png Elephas_maximus_NS.png http://bioscienced...bc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Elephas+maximus&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Elephas+maxim...us&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Elephas+maximus&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Elephas+maximus&t=NS ...

  3. Taxonomy Icon Data: Japanese serow [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Japanese serow Capricornis crispus Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Artiodactyla Capricorn...is_crispus_L.png Capricornis_crispus_NL.png Capricornis_crispus_S.png Capricornis_crispus..._NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Capricornis+crispus&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/tax...onomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Capricornis+crispus&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Capricorn...is+crispus&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Capricornis+crispus&t=NS ...

  4. Taxonomy Icon Data: Arabian camel [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Arabian camel Camelus dromedarius Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Artiodactyla Camel...us_dromedarius_L.png Camelus_dromedarius_NL.png Camelus_dromedarius_S.png Camelus_dromedarius_...NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+dromedarius&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxo...nomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+dromedarius&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camel...us+dromedarius&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+dromedarius&t=NS ...

  5. Taxonomy Icon Data: wild Bactrian camel [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available wild Bactrian camel Camelus ferus Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Artiodactyla Camel...us_ferus_L.png Camelus_ferus_NL.png Camelus_ferus_S.png Camelus_ferus_NS.png http://bioscience...dbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+ferus&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+f...erus&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+ferus&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Camelus+ferus&t=NS ...

  6. Database Description - DMPD | LSDB Archive [Life Science Database Archive metadata

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available base Description General information of database Database name DMPD Alternative nam...e Dynamic Macrophage Pathway CSML Database DOI 10.18908/lsdba.nbdc00558-000 Creator Creator Name: Masao Naga...ty of Tokyo 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639 Tel: +81-3-5449-5615 FAX: +83-3-5449-5442 E-mail: Database...606 Taxonomy Name: Mammalia Taxonomy ID: 40674 Database description DMPD collects...e(s) Article title: Author name(s): Journal: External Links: Original website information Database maintenan

  7. Taxonomy Icon Data: okapi [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available okapi Okapia johnstoni Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Artiodactyla Okapi...a_johnstoni_L.png Okapia_johnstoni_NL.png Okapia_johnstoni_S.png Okapia_johnstoni_NS.png http://bioscienc...edbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Okapia+johnstoni&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Okapi...a+johnstoni&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Okapia+johnston...i&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Okapia+johnstoni&t=NS ...

  8. Highly derived eutherian mammals from the earliest Cretaceous of southern Britain

    OpenAIRE

    Steven C. Sweetman; Grant Smith; David M. Martill

    2017-01-01

    Eutherian mammals (Placentalia and all mammals phylogenetically closer to placentals than to marsupials) comprise the vast majority of extant Mammalia. Among these there is a phenomenal range of forms and sizes, but the origins of crown group placentals are obscure. They lie within the generally tiny mammals of the Mesozoic, represented for the most part by isolated teeth and jaws, and there is strongly conflicting evidence from phenomic and molecular data as to the date of origin of both Eut...

  9. Taxonomy Icon Data: giant panda [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Carnivora Ailuropoda_mela...noleuca_L.png Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_NL.png Ailuropoda_melanoleuca_S.png Ailuropoda_mela...noleuca_NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Ailuropoda+melanoleuca&t=L http://bioscien...cedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Ailuropoda+melanoleuca&t=NL http://biosciencedb...c.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Ailuropoda+melanoleuca&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Ailuropoda+melanoleuca&t=NS ...

  10. Taxonomy Icon Data: Guinea baboon [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available Guinea baboon Papio papio Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Primate Papio_papio_L.png Papio_papi...o_NL.png Papio_papio_S.png Papio_papio_NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Papio+papi...o&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Papio+papio&t=NL http://bioscien...cedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Papio+papio&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Papio+papio&t=NS ...

  11. Taxonomy Icon Data: North Pacific right whale [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eu...theria/Cetacea Eubalaena_japonica_L.png Eubalaena_japonica_NL.png Eubalaena_japonica_S.png Eubalaena_japonic...a_NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Eubalaena+japonica&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp/tax...onomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Eubalaena+japonica&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_ic...on/icon.cgi?i=Eubalaena+japonica&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Eubalaena+japonica&t=NS ...

  12. COMPOSIÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE ANUROS NO PARQUE NATURAL MUNICIPAL AUGUSTO RUSCHI

    OpenAIRE

    Matheus de Toledo Moroti; Jonatas Alves Ferreira Neto; Andriele Cristina dos Santos; Mariana Pedrozo; Ibere Farina Machado; Cristina Pacheco Soares

    2017-01-01

    Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral avaliar a riqueza de espécies de anuros determinando a sua distribuição espacial e sua sazonalidade. A área de estudo compreende o Parque Natural Municipal Augusto Ruschi, em São José dos Campos (SP). Foram registradas 33 espécies de anuros. A maior riqueza de espécies encontradas vocalizando foi na estação chuvosa e quente, no entanto em relação as análises estatísticas, apenas a temperatura máxima e média mensal apresentaram resultados significativos n...

  13. Estrutura da comunidade de artrópodes de solo em diferentes fitofisionomias da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural – Sesc Pantanal, Brasil

    OpenAIRE

    Mudrek, Jessica Rhaiza; Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande (UNIVAG); Massoli Junior, Edson Viana; Centro Universitário de Várzea Grande (UNIVAG)

    2014-01-01

    As teias alimentares presentes na serrapilheira são de extrema importância para que haja a ciclagem dos nutrientes presentes no solo. A fauna de artrópodes de solo vem sendo estudada no Pantanal matogrossense para que ocorra identificação dos grupos, bem como sua riqueza e distribuição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a comunidade de artrópodes em duas fitofisionomias do Pantanal, além de verificar a relação da abundância e/ou riqueza da fauna com a altura da serrapilheira. O estudo fo...

  14. Diversidad y mecanismos de dispersión de árboles de la Isla Gorgona y de los bosques húmedos tropicales del Pacífico colombo-ecuatoriano

    OpenAIRE

    Yockteng Roxana; Jaime Cavelier

    1998-01-01

    En este trabajo se hizo una comparación entre la flora de la isla Gorgona (Colombia) y la de los bosques del Chocó biogeográfico (Colombia y Ecuador). Para esta comparación se utilizaron curvas de acumulación de especies e índices de riqueza y diversidad, tanto publicadas por diferentes autores o generadas a partir de los inventarios florísticos originales. La riqueza del bosque de la isla Gorgona calculada a partir de curvas especie-área y del índice de diversidad de Shannon fue inferior a l...

  15. La natación higiénica en el río Guadalquivir en el siglo xix

    OpenAIRE

    Sanchís Ramírez, José Pascual

    2008-01-01

    Sevilla, desde sus orígenes, fundamentó gran parte de su actividad en torno al río Guadalquivir, río que, si bien muchas veces fue causa de tragedia, también ha sido fuente de riqueza económica, de riqueza cultural y, como no, lugar para el esparcimiento y diversión. Aunque son numerosas las actividades recreativas y deportivas practicadas durante el siglo XIX en las aguas de este río, el presente artículo se refi ere a las relacionadas con la natación versus baño.

  16. Caracterización del estado de la edafofauna asociada a zonas intervenidas en los predios del Embalse de Chisacá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julián Esteban Díaz Triana

    2006-07-01

    herramientas informáticas. La comunidad de mayor diversidad, riqueza y número de grupos exclusivos fue la de matorrales mixtos. Se encontró mayor similitud entre las comunidades de pastizales y plantaciones de exóticas, y el grupo más representativo en abundancia y biomasa fue Diptera. Comparando la estructura trófica de las comunidades se observó variaciones en la riqueza, abundancia y biomasa de los grupos tróficos; estos cambios se deben a efectos de disturbios antrópicos en el área que alteraron y reemplazaron el bosque altoandino y la artropofauna nativa.

  17. IFEA 60 años

    OpenAIRE

    2014-01-01

    15-09-2008 Riqueza paleontológica del Perú y Bolivia Museo Nacional de Historia Natural - Av. Arenales 1256, Jesús María Coord. Christian De Muizon (Ex Director del Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Director de Investigación del CNRS, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural – Francia) Presentación de la Sesión Georges Lomné (Director del IFEA) Gerardo Lamas (Director del Museo de Historia Natural – UNMSM) La riqueza paleontológica del Perú: fauna de vertebrados marinos fósiles de la costa per...

  18. Innknowledge La transición de empresas de base tecnológica a empresas de Conocimiento

    OpenAIRE

    Benavides Salazar, Claudia Patricia; Gómez Escobar, Beatriz; Naranjo Herrera, Cristhian Guillermo

    2013-01-01

    Cada vez se introducen cambios más rápidos y avanzados en el entorno empresarial, y muchas empresas no están en la capacidad de dar respuesta pronta y oportuna a éstos debido a la forma en que sus estructuras para crear riqueza se han quedado ancladas en la era industrial. Por tal motivo, se necesita transitar rápidamente a nuevas formas de organización que permitan crear riqueza a través del conocimiento. Teniendo en cuenta la demora con que las empresas están haciendo este tránsito...

  19. Efeito das atividades de ecoturismo sobre a riqueza e a abundância de espécies de mamíferos de médio e grande porte na região do Cristalino, Mato Grosso, Brasil Effect of ecotourism activities on richness and abundance of species of medium and large mammals in the Cristalino region, Mato Grosso, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ednaldo Cândido Rocha

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo foi desenvolvido nas Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural Cristalino (670 ha e Lote Cristalino (6.539 ha e no Parque Estadual Cristalino (184.900 ha. Essas unidades de conservação são contíguas e estão localizadas no extremo centro-norte do estado do Mato Grosso, em locais considerados prioritários para a conservação, em função da alta biodiversidade e endemismos, além da elevada pressão antrópica. Desta forma, este trabalho objetivou conhecer, avaliar e comparar a estrutura das populações de mamíferos de médio e grande porte, em termos de riqueza e abundância das espécies em ambientes sem turismo e com atividades de ecoturismo na região do Cristalino. Para tanto, no período compreendido entre maio de 2008 a fevereiro de 2010 foram amostrados ambientes com floresta primária, os quais apresentavam dois níveis de perturbação antrópica: sem turismo e com atividades de ecoturismo. Os dados foram coletados utilizando a amostragem de distâncias em transecções lineares, que totalizou 468,3 Km percorridos nos períodos diurno e noturno, e registro de pegadas em parcelas previamente preparadas (n = 660 parcelas vistoriadas, além de percursos fluviais no rio Cristalino e buscas aleatórias nos locais onde não ocorriam caminhos. Registros de 37 espécies de mamíferos foram obtidos, sendo 33 de médio e grande porte e quatro de pequeno porte. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na riqueza de espécies dos ambientes sem turismo e com ecoturismo, sendo que a similaridade de espécies entre eles foi alta (88%. No entanto, três táxons apresentaram abundância inferior nos ambientes com turismo: Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1766, Mazama spp. e Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862. Percebe-se, portanto, que o impacto negativo das atividades de ecoturismo desenvolvidas na área de estudo foi de pequena magnitude, em termos de riqueza e abundância de mamíferos de médio e grande porte. Assim

  20. [Topography of the organs of the pelvic cavity and macroscopic and histologic findings of the sex organs of a male giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) with regard to fertility].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bartmann, C P; Beyer, C; Wissdorf, H

    1991-02-01

    A study was conducted on the reproductive organs of a male Giant Anteater. Discussed is the specific anatomy with its effect on fertility. The ovoid testicles are characterized by an intraabdominal position throughout life. Histologically documented is the active spermiogenesis. The accessory sexual glands consist of a glandula prostatica, glandula vesiculares and glandulae bulbourethrales. The short penis is situated immediately ventral to the anus. The existing anatomic individualities in comparison to other mammalia result in special reproductive aspects and should be taken into consideration for successful breeding.

  1. Ornitina alfa-cetoglutarato na isquemia-reperfusÃo intestinal em ratos

    OpenAIRE

    Eduardo Silvio Gouveia GonÃalves

    2009-01-01

    Objetivo: Avaliar os efeito da ornitina α-cetoglutarato (OKG) no sangue e tecido intestinal de ratos submetidos à isquemia/reperfusÃo intestinal atravÃs da determinaÃÃo das concentraÃÃes in vivo no sangue e no tecido do intestino delgado, submetido a isquemia/reperfusÃo, de glicose, G 6 PDH, piruvato, acetoacetato, lactato, 3 HBDH, glutationa, T-Bars, mieloperoxidase, CPK e LDH. MÃtodo: Sessenta ratos (Rattus norvergicus albinus, Rodentia Mammalia) foram distribuÃdos aleatoriamente em ci...

  2. Taxonomy Icon Data: dog [Taxonomy Icon

    Lifescience Database Archive (English)

    Full Text Available dog Canis lupus familiaris Chordata/Vertebrata/Mammalia/Theria/Eutheria/Carnivora Canis_lupus..._familiaris_L.png Canis_lupus_familiaris_NL.png Canis_lupus_familiaris_S.png Canis_lupus_familiari...s_NS.png http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Canis+lupus+familiaris&t=L http://biosciencedbc.jp.../taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Canis+lupus+familiaris&t=NL http://biosciencedbc.jp/tax...onomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Canis+lupus+familiaris&t=S http://biosciencedbc.jp/taxonomy_icon/icon.cgi?i=Canis+lupus+familiaris&t=NS ...

  3. Estrutura da comunidade de artrópodes de solo em diferentes fitofisionomias da Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural – Sesc Pantanal, Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jessica Rhaiza Mudrek

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available As teias alimentares presentes na serrapilheira são de extrema importância para que haja a ciclagem dos nutrientes presentes no solo. A fauna de artrópodes de solo vem sendo estudada no Pantanal matogrossense para que ocorra identificação dos grupos, bem como sua riqueza e distribuição. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a comunidade de artrópodes em duas fitofisionomias do Pantanal, além de verificar a relação da abundância e/ou riqueza da fauna com a altura da serrapilheira. O estudo foi realizado em Abril de 2012, na RPPN Sesc Pantanal, no município de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil. Foram instaladas dez armadilhas de queda (pitfalls dentro de duas parcelas de 50x50 m, com fitofisionomias distintas, Cerrado sensu stricto e Floresta semidecidual. A serrapilheira foi mensurada por meio de fita métrica (raio de 30cm. O material foi encaminhado ao laboratório de zoologia, triados e identificados. Para realização da análise de variância e correlação dos artrópodes com serrapilheira foi utilizado o programa Systat 10. Houve diferença significativa na riqueza entre as duas fitofisionomias, por sua vez para a abundância não foi significativa. Não houve correlação entre a altura de serrapilheira e a riqueza/abundância de artrópodes. As ordens mais abundantes corroboram com outros trabalhados, porém seriam necessárias amostragens mais longas para uma lista mais completa das ordens identificadas.

  4. LA DIVERSIDAD DE INSECTOS (ARTHROPODA: HEXAPODA EN COLOMBIA: I.ENTOGNATHA A POLYNEOPTERA

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    Germán Amat García

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN En este estudio se aborda la diversidad de insectos (Entognatha y Polyneoptera de Colombia en términos del número de familias, géneros y especies, además del estado del arte en cada uno de los órdenes considerados y cuyos especialistas y fuentes bibliográficas son de gran relevancia para el estudio de la entomofauna colombiana. Se introduce la problemática de la valoración de la riqueza de especies de insectos en el país, desde las perspectivas histórica y del método taxonómico. Los valores en riqueza de especies, para cada grupo, se derivan de lo que se conoce como “diversidad conocida” o conocimiento de las especies formalmente descritas bajo los protocolos de la taxonomía. Para obtener la información se recurrió a literatura primaria, revisiones o monografías y catálogos impresos o en la red. Se registraron 18 órdenes, 80 familias y 1673 especies en los grupos considerados . Palabras clave: biodiversidad, riqueza, entomofauna, taxonomía, Colombia.

  5. Estructura funcional y composición de la comunidad de pequeños mamíferos terrestres en el bosque andino del santuario de flora y fauna Otún Quimbaya, Risaralda

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    Swanni Alvarado R.

    2005-07-01

    que el BNM tiene los valores más altos de diversidad y la mayor riqueza, mientras que la menor diversidad y riqueza fue encontrada en el BR. El BNM y el BR son más similares según el índice de Morisita y un análisis de Cluster. Para ordenar las especies por las variables morfológicas externas se realizó un Análisis de Componentes Principales, el cual mostró una agrupación de especies pequeñas y otra de especies intermedias, que podría estar indicando que no hay una competencia marcada por un mismo recurso.

  6. De la timocracia a la democracia

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    MANUEL SALES Y FERRÉ

    1996-01-01

    Full Text Available Pasaje del Tratado de Sociología. Se explica la transición de la sociedad desde la timocracia a la democracia. La timocracia es descrita como una sociedad en la cual el status se basa en la riqueza. En Europa y América, esto fue desestabilizado por el extraordinario ascenso de la riqueza, la rápida progresión de las ciencias y el avance de la cultura. Sin embargo aún no ha sido completamente reemplazada por la democracia, existe aún desigualdad y galopante individualismo (capitalismo y ha producido galopante colectivismo en la forma de socialismo, comunismo y anarquía.

  7. Comparative analyses of basal rate of metabolism in mammals: data selection does matter.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Genoud, Michel; Isler, Karin; Martin, Robert D

    2018-02-01

    Basal rate of metabolism (BMR) is a physiological parameter that should be measured under strictly defined experimental conditions. In comparative analyses among mammals BMR is widely used as an index of the intensity of the metabolic machinery or as a proxy for energy expenditure. Many databases with BMR values for mammals are available, but the criteria used to select metabolic data as BMR estimates have often varied and the potential effect of this variability has rarely been questioned. We provide a new, expanded BMR database reflecting compliance with standard criteria (resting, postabsorptive state; thermal neutrality; adult, non-reproductive status for females) and examine potential effects of differential selectivity on the results of comparative analyses. The database includes 1739 different entries for 817 species of mammals, compiled from the original sources. It provides information permitting assessment of the validity of each estimate and presents the value closest to a proper BMR for each entry. Using different selection criteria, several alternative data sets were extracted and used in comparative analyses of (i) the scaling of BMR to body mass and (ii) the relationship between brain mass and BMR. It was expected that results would be especially dependent on selection criteria with small sample sizes and with relatively weak relationships. Phylogenetically informed regression (phylogenetic generalized least squares, PGLS) was applied to the alternative data sets for several different clades (Mammalia, Eutheria, Metatheria, or individual orders). For Mammalia, a 'subsampling procedure' was also applied, in which random subsamples of different sample sizes were taken from each original data set and successively analysed. In each case, two data sets with identical sample size and species, but comprising BMR data with different degrees of reliability, were compared. Selection criteria had minor effects on scaling equations computed for large clades

  8. A riqueza e composição de formigas como indicadores dos efeitos do manejo florestal de baixo impacto em floresta tropical no estado do Acre Richness and composition of ants as indicators of the reduced impact logging in tropical forest in the state of Acre

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Nakayama Miranda

    2013-02-01

    Full Text Available A sustentabilidade da extração madeireira seletiva depende de avaliações de impacto e monitoramento dos fatores abióticos, vegetação e fauna. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar e comparar a riqueza e composição de formigas em área de manejo florestal sustentável de baixo impacto, no Projeto de Assentamento Chico Mendes, no Acre. As coletas foram realizadas com armadilhas pitfall e extrator de Winkler, em 30 parcelas de 10 x 10 m. As parcelas foram igualmente distribuídas em três tratamentos: (1 manejo - base de árvores exploradas em 2007; (2 queda natural - base de árvores caídas naturalmente em área não manejada; e (3 controle - parcela sem queda de árvore na mesma área não manejada. Para a caracterização da vegetação, foram tomadas medidas das variáveis: densidade arbórea e arbustiva, área basal arbórea e de árvores caídas, espessura de serapilheira e cobertura de dossel. A densidade arbórea foi significantemente maior no tratamento controle que no manejo. Diferenças significativas foram encontradas em cobertura de dossel entre os tratamentos controle e manejo e controle e queda natural. Foram coletadas 88 espécies de formigas, distribuídas em sete subfamílias. Não houve diferença na riqueza de espécies entre os tratamentos. Embora menor similaridade tenha sido encontrada entre os tratamentos manejo e controle, não foram observadas grandes diferenças na composição entre eles. Esses resultados indicaram que, nessa área, a atividade de extração madeireira de baixo impacto não afetou a assembleia de formigas, portanto, funcionalmente, essa forma de manejo não acarretou alterações no ecossistema em relação aos serviços associados às formigas.The sustainability of selective logging depends on impact assessments and monitoring of abiotic factors, vegetation and fauna. In this study, the richness and composition of ants were estimated and compared in forest submitted to reduced

  9. O direito de participar da riqueza da nação: do Programa Bolsa Família à Renda Básica de Cidadania The right to share in the nation's wealth: from the Family Allowance Program to Basic Citizenship Income

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    Eduardo Matarazzo Suplicy

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O trabalho apresenta os resultados positivos do Programa Bolsa Família no combate à fome e a erradicação da pobreza, ressaltando que o Bolsa Família constituí-se na primeira etapa para a implantação da Renda Básica de Cidadania - RBC, no Brasil, conforme previsto pela Lei 10.835 de 2004. A RBC será instituída por etapas, a critério do Poder Executivo, começando pelos mais necessitados. Será o direito de todas as pessoas, incondicionalmente, receberem uma renda que, na medida do possível, será suficiente para atender as suas necessidades vitais. Não se trata de uma caridade ou uma assistência, mas de um direito de todos participarem da riqueza da nação. A racionalidade deste instrumento para garantir real liberdade e dignidade a todos é também aqui analisada.This paper presents the positive outcomes of Brazil's Family Allowance Program, in terms of combating hunger and eradicating poverty, stressing that this is the first step towards introducing a Basic Income for Citizenship (RBC - Renda Básica de Cidadania in Brazil, as established in 2004 through Law N° 10,835. This Basic Income for Citizenship will be phased in by stages at the discretion of the Executive Branch, starting with the neediest segments of the population. Everyone will be endowed with the unconditional right to receive an income that will be sufficient - as far as possible - to cover vital requirements. This is not a matter of charity or welfare, but rather an across-the-board right to share in the wealth of the nation. The rationality of this tool for ensuring real freedom and dignity for all is also examined here.

  10. Modelagem e análise geográfica integrada das variáveis ambientais e socioeconomicas para o mapeamento da ocorrência de morcegos em Belo Horizonte

    OpenAIRE

    Jorge Luis Costa Pinto

    2015-01-01

    O processo de urbanização possui consequências, uma delas refere-se à presença de animais silvestres no ambiente urbano. Dentre outros animais, os morcegos (Ordem Chiroptera) adaptaram-se à vida nas cidades. Assim como em seu habitat natural, nas cidades os morcegos também exercem importantes funções ambientais como a dispersão de sementes, polinização e controle de insetos, no entanto, os morcegos também podem ser transmissores de zoonoses. Investigar as relações entre esses animais e as var...

  11. Ebola virus and arthropods: a literature review and entomological consideration on the vector role.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Dutto, M; Bertero, M; Petrosillo, N; Pombi, M; Otranto, D

    2016-10-01

    Ebola virus is a pathogen responsible for a severe disease that affects humans and several animal species. To date, the natural reservoir of this virus is not known with certainty, although it is believed that fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) play an important role in maintaining the virus in nature. Although information on viral transmission from animals to humans is not clear, the role of arthropods has come under suspicion. In this article, we review the potential role of arthropods in spreading Ebola virus, acting as mechanical or biological vectors.

  12. Aplicación de la dinámica de sistemas en la identificación y evaluación de las potencialidades económicas para mejorar el desarrollo de la provincia de Castrovirreyna, Huancavelica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Javier Marquez Camarena

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación ha permitido aplicar la dinámica de sistemas para identificar y evaluar las potencialidades económicas de la provincia de Castrovirreyna en el departamento de Huancavelica con el fin de mejorar su desarrollo, asimismo determinar los factores y la información sistematizada que influyen en la identificación y evaluación. Este trabajo fue de alcance descriptivo no experimental. Fueron realizadas 250 encuestas y entrevistas a la población y autoridades con la finalidad de obtener información de las riquezas naturales que posee la provincia y se procedió a la simulación para determinar la evaluación de las potencialidades de la provincia de Castrovirreyna. Algunos resultados son que, el análisis inicial muestra el descenso del potencial económico, debido a factores como carencia de cultura de los pobladores, poca atención de las autoridades, falta de desarrollo de información (95 %, desconocimiento en la producción de las riquezas (70 %, pocas vías de acceso (40 %, pocos canales de irrigación (30 %. Con la mejora de los factores en mención en el modelo se observa el incremento de las riquezas como agricultura 25 %, minería 23 %, ganadería 19 %, pesquería 26 % y turismo 14 %, en el cuarto año, lo que permitiría mejorar el desarrollo de la provincia. En conclusión, con la integración de las riquezas se incrementa sustancialmente el potencial económico de 20 % a 826 % durante el cuarto año, el cual repercute positivamente en la mejora de la calidad de vida de los pobladores.

  13. Los factores socioemocionales y el proceso de sucesión en las empresas familiares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Francisco Moisés Arreola Bravo

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Se utiliza el enfoque de la riqueza socioemocional (sew y de los arquetipos familiares para crear un modelo conceptual como herramienta para el entendimiento y análisis de las relaciones existentes entre las dimensiones de la riqueza socioemocional y el proceso de sucesión, así como del desempeño de las generaciones sucesoras. Se encuentra que existe una relación directa entre el nivel de participación de la familia y la intensión de transferencia generacional, así como también que los factores socioemocionales son determinantes de la calidad de la experiencia de los sucesores y su desempeño.

  14. Determinantes del acceso a los productos financieros en los hogares colombianos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Santiago Rodríguez-Raga

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Existe evidencia que establece una asociación positiva entre el acceso a productos financieros, la riqueza y calidad de vida de los hogares, en especial de los hogares pobres. En este ámbito, este estudio busca entender los determinantes del acceso a los diferentes productos financieros en los hogares de Colombia, utilizando un modelo econométrico con base en la información contenida en la Encuesta Longitudinal Colombiana (ELCA de la Universidad de los Andes. Como conclusión se encuentra que los principales determinantes del acceso a productos financieros son el nivel de ingreso o riqueza, la educación y la estabilidad en términos laborales.

  15. [Geographic data for Neotropical bats (Chiroptera)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Noguera-Urbano, Elkin A; Escalante, Tania

    2014-03-01

    The global effort to digitize biodiversity occurrence data from collections, museums and other institutions has stimulated the development of important tools to improve the knowledge and conservation of biodiversity. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) enables and opens access to biodiversity data of 321 million of records, from 379 host institutions. Neotropical bats are a highly diverse and specialized group, and the geographic information about them is increasing since few years ago, but there are a few reports about this topic. The aim of this study was to analyze the number of digital records in GBIF of Neotropical bats with distribution in 21 American countries, evaluating their nomenclatural and geographical consistence at scale of country. Moreover, we evaluated the gaps of information on 1 degrees latitude x 1 degrees longitude grids cells. There were over 1/2 million records, but 58% of them have no latitude and longitude data; and 52% full fit nomenclatural and geographic evaluation. We estimated that there are no records in 54% of the analyzed area; the principal gaps are in biodiversity hotspots like the Colombian and Brazilian Amazonia and Southern Venezuela. In conclusion, our study suggests that available data on GBIF have nomenclatural and geographic biases. GBIF data represent partially the bat species richness and the main gaps in information are in South America.

  16. Emerging diseases in Chiroptera: why bats?

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wibbelt, Gudrun; Moore, Marianne S.; Schountz, Tony; Voigt, Christian C.

    2010-01-01

    A conference entitled ‘2nd International Berlin Bat Meeting: Bat Biology and Infectious Diseases’ was held between the 19 and 21 of February 2010 in Berlin, Germany. Researchers from two major disciplines, bat biologists and disease specialists, met for the first time in an interdisciplinary event to share their knowledge about bat-associated diseases. The focus of the meeting was to understand why in particular bats are the hosts of so many of the most virulent diseases globally. During several sessions, key note speakers and participants discussed infectious diseases associated with bats, including viral diseases caused by Henipa-, Filo-, Corona- and Lyssaviruses, the spread of white-nose syndrome in North American bats, bat immunology/immunogenetics, bat parasites, and finally, conservation and human health issues. PMID:20427329

  17. Mamíferos de la Selva Zoque, México: riqueza, uso y conservación Mammals of Zoque Forest, Mexico: richness, use and conservation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Iván Lira-Torres

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available En el sureste de México, la Selva Zoque es considerada la segunda mayor extensión de selvas y bosques bien conservados al norte de Mesoamérica. En este estudio se presenta una lista actualizada de los mamíferos de esta región. Analizamos el estado de riesgo de los mamíferos de acuerdo a las leyes Mexicanas e internacionales, y se evaluó el uso que las comunidades rurales les dan. La información se obtuvo de bases de datos de colecciones nacionales e internacionales y publicaciones; asimismo, se realizó trabajo de campo a partir del 2003 hasta el 2010, siguiendo técnicas convencionales. La mastofauna de la región está compuesta de 149 especies, que pertenecen a 99 géneros y 30 familias. Esta gran riqueza de mamíferos señala a la Selva Zoque como la región más rica de especies en México. En la región se localizan 35 especies registradas en la Norma 059, además de otras 21 registradas en la lista roja de la IUCN o en CITES. De las 40 especies incluidas en alguna de las listas, solamente el tapir, el jaguar y el pecarí de labios blancos se incluyen en las tres listas y 14 especies son compartidas por dos de ellas. Los principales usos que se les da a los mamíferos en orden de importancia son: 1 carne de monte, 2 mascotas, 3 pieles y 4 medicina tradicional. La cacería de subsistencia y su comercio están permitidas extraoficialmente para los campesinos de esta zona. Esta región aun posee poblaciones saludables de una gran cantidad de mamíferos utilizados por los pobladores locales; sin embargo, un gran número de éstas se encuentran enlistadas bajo algún criterio de riesgo.Mammals of Zoque Forest, Mexico: richness, use and conservation. Zoque Forest is one of the richest and threatened regions in Southeastern Mexico, and for which few studies on mammal biology and use are available. Here we analyzed the conservation status of mammalian species according to Mexican and international laws, with an updated checklist of mammals

  18. Resposta da assembleia de formigas na interface solo-serapilheira a um gradiente de alteração ambiental

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    Diego S. Gomes

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available O estudo objetivou avaliar a resposta da assembleia de formigas que nidificam na interface solo-serapilheira a um gradiente de alteração ambiental. O estudo foi realizado em três ambientes com diferentes usos do solo: fragmento florestal, sistema agroflorestal (SAF e pastagem situados em região de domínio da mata atlântica no sudeste do Brasil. Em cada ambiente foram demarcadas 10 parcelas de 1 m² e todos os ninhos de formigas encontrados foram registrados. Foram encontrados 215 ninhos (103 no fragmento florestal, 64 no sistema agroflorestal e 48 na pastagem, de 31 espécies. O número acumulado de espécies foi maior no fragmento florestal que na pastagem, mas não diferiu do SAF. A composição de espécies foi diferente entre o fragmento florestal e os outros dois ambientes. A riqueza média de espécies de formigas por parcela foi maior no fragmento florestal e menor na pastagem. A quantidade de serapilheira não foi um fator importante para as diferenças na riqueza de espécies. Atividades humanas que reduzam a heterogeneidade da vegetação alteram a composição e diminuem a riqueza de espécies das assembleias de formigas.

  19. Comparación temporal de la riqueza y composición de insectos inductores de agallas en el dosel de un bosque tropical Temporal comparison in richness and composition of gall-inducing insects in the rainforest canopy

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Medianero

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Se compara, entre 2 periodos de muestreos con 9 años de distancia entre sí, la riqueza y composición de especies que forman la comunidad de insectos inductores de agallas en el dosel del Parque Natural Metropolitano (PNM, un bosque seco tropical en la costa del Pacífico de Panamá. Los datos corresponden a muestreos realizados de enero de 1997 a marzo de 1998, y de agosto de 2005 a junio de 2006. Para tener acceso al dosel del bosque se utilizó una grúa instalada en el sitio por el Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas en el número de especies de insectos inductores de agallas (29 y 30 respectivamente, en los 2 periodos de muestreo; sin embargo, la comunidad de hace 9 años presenta un reemplazo del 16 % de las especies y se asemeja a la actual en 55%. Variaciones ambientales y actividades antropogénicas favorecieron la proliferación de lianas y de cecidógenos relacionados con esas plantas. En los 2 periodos de muestreo, tanto árboles como lianas, albergaron un número semejante de insectos inductores de agallas.A comparison (richness and composition of the galls inducing insects at canopy forest, in the Parque Natural Metropolitano (PNM, a tropical dry forest of the Pacific coast of Panama was done, in a difference period of 9 years. Sampling was carried out from January 1997 to March 1998 and from August 2005 to June 2006. The crane from the Smithsonian Institution for Tropical Research (STRI was used in order to access to the canopy. After the results, there are not significant differences in the number of insects which induce the production of galls (29 and 30 respectively, nevertheless the community from 9 years before, presents the replacement of 16% of the species and is similar in 55% to the present fauna. Environmental changes and anthropogenic activities have produced the proliferation of vines and cecidogens. In both periods of time, the trees

  20. COMUNIDADES DE PALMAS EN DOS BOSQUES DE CHOCÓ, COLOMBIA

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    Ramirez G

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Estudiamos la riqueza, la abundancia, la composición y la estructura de las comunidades de palmas en dos sitios de la selva central del Chocó, Colombia. Se establecieron 14 transectos (1.5 ha en Tutunendo y 12 transectos (1 ha en Angostura, y en cada uno se registraron e identificaron las palmas, incluyendo todos los tamaños (plántulas, juveniles y adultos; además, se indagó sobre nombres comunes y usos de cada especie, entrevistando a 16 hombres mayores de 45 años y conocedores del bosque. La riqueza de palmas encontrada en las localidades estudiadas (29 especies en 1.5 ha y 23 especies en 1 ha, está entre las más altas registradas para el Neotrópico, y corrobora el patrón de distribución de riqueza ligado a altas precipitaciones. La mayoría de las especies están representadas por pocos individuos, mientras que unas pocas son las más abundantes y frecuentes. Se identificó un grupo de especies (Wettinia quinaria, Welfia regia, Iriartea deltoidea, Socratea exorrhiza, Oenocarpus bataua, en el dosel, y Geonoma cuneata, en el sotobosque, que son particularmente importantes a nivel ecológico, y que caracterizan y modelan la vegetación, no sólo del área de estudio, sino también, al parecer, a lo largo de la región del Chocó Biogeográfico. Con base en los resultados y en otros datos florísticos, se plantea que, si bien las palmas son importantes a todo lo largo de la región, la mayor abundancia y riqueza parece presentarse hacia la zona central, que coincide con un aumento en el gradiente de precipitación. Veintisiete de las 33 especies encontradas tenía algún uso en una de las siete categorías de uso, lo cual muestra la importancia de las palmas para las poblaciones locales.

  1. En la variedad está el placer

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    Mónica Lucía Espinosa A.

    1993-01-01

    Diversidad es riqueza. Ensayos sobre la realidad colombiana. Varios autores. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, Consejería Presidencial para los Derechos Humanos, Santafé de Bogotá, 1992, 185 págs.

  2. Diversidad de insectos y aves insectivoras de sotobosque en hábitats pertubados de selva lluviosa tropical

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    Naranjo Luis Germán

    1997-11-01

    Full Text Available To examine variation in species composition, stability and diversity of insectivorous birds and their prey in understory habitats of disturbed rainforest, from March 1993 to May 1994 we measured structural variables of the vegetation and quantified bird and insect species richness and diversity at eight plots ranging from 0 to over 10 years of secondary succesion. Of all the vegetation variables, only canopy cover tended. to increase with forest age. Variation of DBH classes and total density of plants among plots explained changes in both insect richness and diversity. While variation in bird species richness and diversity among plots did not show significant trends, the abundance of insectivores was related both to foliage height diversitv and DBH diversity. Insect abundance explained both bird abundance and species richness, and insect richness was an adequate predictor of abundance of insectivorous birds. The polar coordinates of the study plots (Bray-Curtis ordination based on the abundances of insectivorous birds were inversely related to forest age.Para examinar la variación en abundancia y diversidad de aves insectívoras y de sus presas en sotobosque de selva lluviosa tropical perturbada, entre marzo de 1993 y mayo de 1994 medimos variables estructurales de la vegetación y cuantificamos la  abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de insectos y aves en ocho parcelas de 0 a más de 10 años de sucesión secundaria. Exceptuando la cobertura del dosel, que aumentó con la madurez del bosque, la vegetación no presentó tendencias relacionadas con el tiempo de regeneración del bosque. La variación en cuanto a tamaños de tallos (clases de DAP y a la densidad total de plantas entre parcelas estuvo relacionada con las diferencias de riqueza y diversidad de insectos. Aunque la variación en riqueza y diversidad de aves insectívoras no presentó tendencias significativas, su abundancia estuvo relacionada tanto con la diversidad de estratos

  3. Geographic variation in diversity of wave exposed rocky intertidal communities along central Chile Variación geográfica de la biodiversidad en hábitats intermareales rocosos de Chile central

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    BERNARDO R BROITMAN

    2011-03-01

    Full Text Available Along the coast of central Chile, geographic trends of diversity have been inferred from literature compilations and museum collections based on species range limits for some taxonomic groups. However, spatially-intensive field-based assessments of macrobenthic species richness are largely missing. Over the course of a multiyear study (1998-2005, we characterized latitudinal patterns of rocky intertidal diversity at 18 sites along the coast of central Chile (29-36° S. At each site, the number of sessile and mobile macrobenthic species was quantified in 0.25 m² quadrats. Two estimators of local (alpha diversity were used: observed local species richness, calculated from the asymptote of a species-rarefaction curve, and the Chao2 index, which takes into account the effect of rare species on estimates of local richness. We identified a total of 71 species belonging to 66 genera for a total of 86 taxa. The most diverse groups were herbivorous mollusks (27 taxa and macroalgae (43 taxa. Diversity showed a complex spatial pattern with areas of high species richness interspersed with areas of low richness. In accordance with previous work, we found no trend in the number of herbivorous mollusks and an inverse and significant latitudinal gradient in the number of algal species. Our results highlight the need for taxonomically diverse assessments of biodiversity of the dominant taxa that conform intertidal communities.A lo largo de la costa de Chile central, los patrones geográficos de diversidad han sido inferidos a partir de revisiones literarias y colecciones de museos para algunos grupos taxonómicos. Sin embargo, aun no contamos con una evaluación integral, y en terreno, de la riqueza de especies macrobentónicas intermareales. En un estudio de largo plazo conducido entre 1998 y 2005 caracterizamos los patrones latitudinales en la biodiversidad del intermareal rocoso en 18 sitios a lo largo de la costa de Chile central (29-36° S. En cada sitio

  4. Early Jurassic allotherians from South Wales (United Kingdom

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    W. A. Clemens

    2007-02-01

    Full Text Available Fossils from two fissure fillings in Pant Quarry (designated Pant 4 and Pant 5, South Wales, United Kingdom, probably of Early Jurassic age document a taxonomically diverse vertebrate fauna, the Morganucodon-sphenodont fauna, composed of several kinds of reptiles, non-mammalian synapsids, and mammals. Six isolated molariform teeth from Pant 4 and 5 fissures clearly record the presence of Thomasia (Mammalia, Allotheria, Haramiyidae, a genus previously known only from purported Late Triassic faunas of southwestern England, France, Belgium, Luxemburg, Germany, and Switzerland. Small morphological differences from teeth in the larger English and continental European samples warrant identification of the Welsh material as Thomasia cf. moorei. The highly derived morphology of an isolated molariform tooth from Pant 5 fissure indicates the presence of another, possibly allotherian, taxon. Fossilien aus zwei wahrscheinlich unterjurassischen Spaltenfüllungen (Pant 4 und Pant 5 im Steinbruch Pant in Süd-Wales dokumentieren eine taxonomisch diverse Wirbeltierfauna. Diese Morganucodon-Sphenodontiden-Fauna besteht aus verschiedenen Formen von Reptilien, Synapsiden und Säugetieren. Sechs isolierte molariforme Zähne aus den Spaltenfüllungen Pant 4 und Pant 5 belegen eindeutig das Vorkommen von Thomasia (Mammalia, Allotheria, Haramiyidae, einer bisher nur aus vermutlich obertriassischen Faunen Südwest-Englands, Frankreichs, Belgiens, Luxemburgs, Deutschlands und der Schweiz bekannten Gattung. Geringe morphologische Unterschiede zu dem umfangreicheren Material aus England und Kontinental-Europa sprechen für die Identifikation des neuen Materials als Thomasia cf. moorei. Die stark abgeleitete Morphologie eines isolierten molariformen Zahnes aus der Spalte Pant 5 belegt das Vorkommen eines anderen Taxons, das möglicherweise auch den Allotheria zuzuordnen ist. doi:10.1002/mmng.200600018

  5. En la variedad está el placer

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    Mónica Lucía Espinosa A.

    1993-05-01

    Full Text Available Diversidad es riqueza. Ensayos sobre la realidad colombiana. Varios autores. Instituto Colombiano de Antropología, Consejería Presidencial para los Derechos Humanos, Santafé de Bogotá, 1992, 185 págs.

  6. The identity of Myotis punensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae

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    Ricardo Moratelli

    2011-02-01

    Full Text Available Currently twelve species of Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Vespertilionidae: Myotinae are recognized from South America, with several other named taxa regarded as synonyms, among them Myotis punensis J.A. Allen, 1914. This name was first regarded as a junior synonym of Myotis albescens (É. Geoffroy, 1806 and subsequently of Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821. To address the taxonomic status of the holotype of M. punensis, we compared it to all South American species in the genus. The fringe of hairs on the trailing edge of the uropatagium, the fur color, and external and skull dimensions all suggest M. punensis should be treated as a junior synonym of M. albescens

  7. Zoochoric and hydrochoric maritime dispersal of the Opuntia monacantha (Willd. Haw. (Cactaceae

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    Angelo Martins Fraga

    2012-03-01

    Full Text Available Evolutionary adaptations in the morphology and physiology of cactus species have been associated to their mechanisms of dispersal and colonization. The dispersal mechanisms and modes of Opuntia monacantha (Willd. Haw. (Cactaceae were characterized in two beaches in Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. A marsupial from the genus Didelphis (Mammalia: Didelphidae was the only frugivorous and, thus, disperser of fruits, presenting specific eating places. The maritime hydrochory was due to the overwash on restinga vegetation, it is characterized by the dispersal of cladodes and fruits at various times of the year. It is here firstly described the sea action as a potential disperser for a cactus species.

  8. Abundância e frugivoria da quiropterofauna (Mammalia, chiroptera de um fragmento no noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil = Chiropterofauna abundance and frugivory in a forest remnant in northwestern Paraná State, Brazil

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    João Eduardo Cavalcanti Brito

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available A abundância e a frugivoria de morcegos que compõem a taxocenose em uma área de mata ripária, à margem esquerda do rio Ivaí, foram foco do presente estudo. O Recanto Marista possui 57,6 hectares, dos quais 40,8 são cobertos por Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, situado no município de Doutor Camargo, região Noroeste do Estado do Paraná. Foram realizadas 14 noites de capturas de morcegos de maio de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, com redesneblina (7 x 2,5 m, totalizando 13.475 m² h de esforço amostral, distribuído em 72h de esforço. Foram capturados 193 indivíduos, representantes de dez espécies, pertencentes a duas famílias: Phyllostomidae (Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus cf. fimbriatus, Artibeus planirotris, Desmodus rotundus e Pygoderma bilabiatum e Vespertilionidae (Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus sp. e Lasiurus blossevillii. Um representante da família Molossidae (Molossus rufus foi encontrado morto no solo. Foram consumidos frutos pertencentes às famílias Moraceae (Ficus guaranitica, Ficus insipida, Ficus sp. e Maclura tinctoria, Solanaceae (Solanum aspero-lanatum e Solanum sp., Piperaceae (Piper aduncum, Piper amalago e Piper sp. e Urticaceae (Cecropia pachystachya e Cecropia sp..This study aims to evaluate the abundance and frugivory of bats from the Recanto Marista, a small riparian forest remnant in the margins of the Ivaí river. The Recanto Marista has 57.6 ha, of which 40.8 ha are covered by semideciduous seasonal forest and is located in the Doutor Camargo municipality. Collections were conducted from May 2007to January 2008 using mist nets (7 x 2.5 m totaling 13,475 m² h and comprising about 72 hours. Ten species were found pertaining to two families, Phyllostomidae (Artibeus lituratus, Sturnira lilium, Carollia perspicillata, Artibeus cf. fimbriatus, Artibeus planirotris, Desmodus rotundus and Pygoderma bilabiatum and Vespertilionidae (Myotis nigricans, Eptesicus sp. and Lasiurus blossevillii totaling 193 specimens. One Molossus rufus individual was found dead on the ground. Fruits pertaining to the families Moraceae (Ficus guaranitica, Ficus insipida, Ficus sp. and Maclura tinctoria, Solanaceae (Solanum aspero-lanatum and Solanum sp., Piperaceae (Piper aduncum, Piper amalago and Piper sp. and Urticaceae (Cecropia pachystachya and Cecropia sp. made part of the diet of the captured bat species.

  9. A preliminary study of aquatic Coleoptera in temporary ponds and the ecological variables influencing their richness and diversity

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    María C. Gómez Lutz

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Los escarabajos de agua poseen una gran variedad de atributos ecológicos que les permiten ocupar una amplia gama de hábitats acuáticos. Los charcos temporarios son ambientes que experimentan periodos de sequía recurrentes y que pueden diferir en su duración; cada charco se caracteriza por la fauna particular que lo habita y por el tamaño de la población que puede soportar. Se analizaron la riqueza (S y la diversidad (H' de los escarabajos acuáticos recolectados en charcos temporarios en la provincia de Corrientes. La rarefacción se utilizó para evitar el sesgo en la estimación y utilizar una metodología comparativa. Se calculó la correlacion de Pearson utilizando la temperatura del agua, la profundidad, la superficie (m², la diversidad (Shannon & Wiener y la riqueza. Se registraron un total de 660 individuos, incluyendo 42 especies, 22 géneros y 7 familias. El mayor porcentaje de especies perteneció a la familia Hydrophilidae (45%, seguido por Dytiscidae (32% y Noteridae (15%, mientras que las restantes familias representaron menos del 10% del total de las especies. Las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis no registraron diferencias significativas en la diversidad y riqueza entre los diferentes charcos temporarios analizados.Las variables más correlacionadas en los diferentes charcos fueron la diversidad con el hidroperiodo, la superficie y la profundidad.

  10. Diversidad de escarabajos necrófilos (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, Staphylinidae y Trogidae en una región semiárida del valle de Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla, México

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    Esteban Jiménez-Sánchez

    2013-09-01

    Full Text Available Las zonas áridas y semiáridas ocupan más de la mitad del territorio de México, sin embargo, son ambientes donde los escarabajos necrófilos han sido escasamente estudiados. En esta investigación se presenta la diversidad y fenología de Scarabaeidae, Silphidae, Staphylinidae y Trogidae en el valle de Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla. Se realizaron muestreos mensuales durante un año de abril de 1998 a marzo de 1999 empleando trampas tipo NTP-80 cebadas con calamar, distribuidas en un mezquital y matorral espinoso, en cactáceas columnares y vegetación alterada. Se capturaron 613 individuos de 12 géneros y 15 especies. Staphylinidae tuvo la mayor riqueza (9 especies y abundancia (74.2%, le siguieron Scarabaeidae (21.9%, Silphidae (2.9% y Trogidae (1% con dos especies cada una. La fauna para las dos primeras fue inferior a la observada en otras zonas de México. La máxima abundancia y riqueza estuvieron en la época seca y las comunidades de escarabajos necrófilos prefirieron los sitios con mezquital y matorral, donde permanecieron más tiempo y se registraron todas las especies, por lo tanto los tipos de vegetación presentes fueron el factor más importante que determinó las variaciones locales de abundancia, diversidad y riqueza y no la época de lluvias.

  11. Sistema integrado ABC-EVA como uma ferramenta de gestão: um estudo de caso

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    Raimundo Nonato Sousa da Silva

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo analisa a implementação e o uso do Sistema Integrado ABCEVA como uma ferramenta de gestão de engenharia, que identifica atividades criadoras de valor econômico agregado e, portanto contribuem para a riqueza do acionista. Os motivos para avaliação de custos indiretos e de capital são apresentados. Os passos de pré-implementação e implementação são ilustrados usando dados de uma implementação do sistema em uma empresa multinacional de serviços industriais. O impacto da crescente confiabilidade das informações de custo na tomada de decisão da empresa, desempenho comercial potencial de longo prazo e a esperada criação de riqueza para o acionista são discutidos.

  12. Aves de Caldas: la complejidad cotidiana entre la sobrevivencia y la belleza

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    Natalia Ruíz Rodgers

    2016-12-01

    En la región andina central de Colombia, la belleza resulta aún más difícil de analizar debido a que es una región muy heterogénea, con una variación altitudinal amplia, una topografía desigual, condiciones climáticas y edafológicas diversas, diferentes formaciones vegetales (bosque andino, bosque de niebla, páramos, nieves perpetuas y zonas productivas (cafetales, guaduales, ganadería, cultivos de papa, frutales, minería, etc.. Toda esta heterogeneidad produce una gran riqueza de especies, solo Caldas acoge el cuarenta y ocho por ciento de las aves que se encuentran en el país. Esta riqueza se representa además en la importancia que tienen las aves gracias a sus múltiples interacciones, su efecto en el ecosistema y sus diferentes estrategias evolutivas.

  13. Riqueza de mamíferos del Parque Nacional Barranca del Cupatitzio, Michoacán, México Mammal richness from Barranca del Cupatitzio National Park, Michoacán, Mexico

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    Gilberto Chávez-León

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se documenta la riqueza de mamíferos del Parque Nacional Barranca del Cupatitzio, Michoacán, México, registrada de abril de 2003 a octubre de 2004 mediante diversos métodos de campo. Se identificaron 43 especies, pertenecientes a 8 órdenes, 16 familias y 32 géneros. El estimador no paramétrico ACE indicó que podrían registrarse al menos 13 especies más y que se logró detectar el 77% de las que posiblemente existen en el parque. Los mamíferos voladores constituyeron el 25.6% del total de las especies y los no voladores el 74.4%. Hay 7 especies (16.3% endémicas de México, 5 (11.6% endémicas de Mesoamérica, 10 (23.3% compartidas con Norteamérica, 7 (16.3% con Sudamérica, 13 (30.2% con Norte y Sudamérica, y 1 es exótica (2.3%. Por sus afinidades biogeográficas, 22 especies (52.4% son neárticas, 16 (38.1% neotropicales y 4 (9.5% transicionales. (4.7% La lista de la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 incluye 2 especies:, 1 en peligro de extinción (Leopardus wiedii y 1 amenazada (Crateogomys fumosus. Se identificaron 8 especies prioritarias para su conservación considerando criterios de riesgo, endemismo y restricción de distribución. No obstante su poca superficie y ubicación en una zona de crecimiento urbano, Barranca del Cupatitzio es un área de importancia para la conservación de la diversidad de mamíferos, ya que protege poco más de la cuarta parte de las especies de Michoacán.In this paper we present field information on mammal richness from Barranca del Cupatitzio National Park, Michoacán, Mexico, recorded from April 2003 to October 2004, by means of specimen collection, visual detection, photo trapping and search of remains, signs and tracks. The area is covered mainly by closed canopy conifer forests. The mammal richness of this park was 43 species belonging to 8 orders, 16 families and 31 genera. The non-parametric ACE estimator indicated that 77% of all possible species were recorded and at least 13

  14. Economia do Conhecimento e a Realidade Portuguesa

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    Neves, Arminda; Zorrinho, Carlos; Laranja, Manuel; Grilo, Rui

    2007-01-01

    competitividade com coesão social; resposta através da inovação tecnológica; transformar conhecimento em riqueza; internet e nova economai em Portugal; experiência portuguesa do plano tecnológico; síntese conclusiva

  15. Nobreza e riqueza no antigo regime ibérico setecentista

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    Ronald Raminelli

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available This article examines the idea of nobility in the Iberian Peninsula and overseas. Using the historiographical balance, it analyses the social mobility of various groups, but particularly of traders and miners who resorted to its assets to serve the monarchy, to purchase nobility titles and habits of the military orders. The study emphasizes regional particularities, but highlights how wealth has become a powerful engine for the ennoblement of commoners in the societies of the Old Regime eighteenth century.

  16. Patrones biogeográficos de los tenebriónidos epigeos (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae del Área Natural Protegida Península Valdés, Argentina: implicaciones para su conservación Biogeographic patterns of epigean tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae from Protected Natural Area Península Valdés, Argentina: implications for its conservation

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    Rodolfo Carrara

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio sobre los patrones biogeográficos de los tenebriónidos epigeos (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae que habitan el Área Natural Protegida Península Valdés (Chubut, Argentina, basado en datos de colecciones y material recolectado en viajes a la zona. Se presenta una lista exhaustiva de las especies en la que se consigna el grado de adaptación a la aridez de cada una de ellas; un análisis de la calidad del inventario y la estimación de la riqueza total de especies; una evaluación de los patrones de distribución y riqueza, y la identificación de áreas de significativa mayor riqueza o hotspots. Los resultados indicaron que 25 especies con diferente grado de adaptación a la aridez habitan la península, aunque se estima que la riqueza total del área debería ser de 27. Además, se reconoció que los rangos de distribución de los tenebriónidos siguen una distribución log-normal y que sólo 3 especies son endémicas. Espacialmente, la riqueza se distribuyó de forma agregada en la península y se determinaron 10 hotspots. Finalmente, considerando que en la península Valdés están permitidas actividades productivas que originan una importante degradación del hábitat, se examina la implicancia de los resultados para la conservación de los tenebriónidos epigeos.We conducted a study of the biogeographic patterns of epigean tenebrionids (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae that inhabit the Protected Natural Area Península Valdés (Chubut, Argentina, based on data obtained from collections and collecting trips. We present a comprehensive species list, where we detail the degree of adaptation to aridity shown by each species, an analysis of the quality of the inventory, an estimation of total species richness, and an evaluation of distribution and richness patterns, with the identification of areas of significantly greater richness or "hotspots". The results indicated that 25 species with different degrees of adaptation to aridity

  17. ESPÉCIES DE CUPINS (ISOPTERA EM CULTURA DE EUCALIPTO SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO DE IRRIGAÇÃO, EM REGIÃO DE TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO-PANTANAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRASIL

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    Ana Paula Tavares da Silva

    2015-02-01

    Full Text Available O eucalipto sofre severos danos por cupins durante a implantação das mudas no campo, sendo considerada praga importante da cultura. No ecótono Cerrado/Pantanal não existem estudos anteriores sobre a ocorrência de cupins em plantações de eucalipto. O objetivo foi conhecer a riqueza de cupins, sua distribuição nos tratamentos e a influência do ambiente nas populações de cupins, nos híbridos de eucalipto Eucalyptus grandis x E. camaldulensis e Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis com fertirrigação por gotejamento, microaspersão e sequeiro. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. A riqueza de cupins foi associada pela Análise de Correspondência e pela influência climática pela Análise de Componentes Principais. Os cupins foram coletados de março de 2012 a fevereiro de 2013, em 432 parcelas de 4,0 x 2,25 m, em uma área de 3 ha, seguindo o protocolo rápido de coleta, observando-se a serrapilheira, e até 30 cm de profundidade no solo. Obtiveram-se 18 espécies de Termitidae, Rhinotermitidae, Heterotermitinae, Syntermitinae, Apicotermitinae e Nasutitermitinae. Nos tratamentos com gotejamento, houve a maior frequência total, com presença de 18 espécies de cupins nos híbridos, sem associação significativa. A associação entre espécies de cupins e tratamentos constituiu quatro grupos. A precipitação e a umidade relativa do ar influenciaram significativamente na comunidade dos cupins. Portanto, a maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu nos tratamentos com gotejamento. Das espécies consideradas pragas de eucalipto, destacou-se Syntermes molestus, pela sua maior frequência durante as coletas. Ocorreu diferença significativa na distribuição das espécies de cupins associadas aos tratamentos entre os meses de coleta. A riqueza e a distribuição dos cupins são influenciadas ao longo do ano pelos diferentes manejos de irrigação em áreas de cultivo de eucalipto.

  18. DIVERSAS CONSIDERACIONES Y APROXIMACIONES A LA NOCIÓN DE COMPLEJIDAD AMBIENTAL

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    Eschenhagen María Luisa

    2008-07-01

    Full Text Available En el ámbito ambiental, el concepto de complejidad ya es indispensable. Pero no siempre queda claro a qué hace específicamente referencia. El concepto de complejidad resulta ser bastante amplio y rico. Para poder apreciar y potenciar esta riqueza teórica, resulta necesario plantear, señalar y diferenciar las diferentes aproximaciones posibles. Prim ero, se presentarán los planteamientos de la complejidad desde las llamadas «ciencias duras»Í¾ en segundo lugar, se señala cómo las «ciencias sociales» vienen incorporando la idea de complejidad, para finalmente revisar cómo se está proponiendo y elaborando la complejidad ambiental. Para fortalecer el pensamiento ambiental resulta indispensable ir diferenciando los conceptos sobre los cuales se quiere construir así como reconocer las riquezas o limitaciones que ofrecen los conceptos.

  19. Fauna de formigas como ferramenta para monitoramento de área de mineração reabilitada na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Paulo dos Santos Pereira

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available A riqueza e diversidade de espécies de formigas podem ser maiores em ambientes de complexidade mais elevada devido a uma maior disponibilidade de nichos presentes. Em razão da conexão entre os organismos e as características dos habitats, as formigas têm sido utilizadas como ferramentas no monitoramento ambiental de áreas perturbadas. Neste estudo, foi investigada a estrutura da comunidade de formigas em parcelas utilizadas para reabilitação de uma área de mineração na Ilha da Madeira, Itaguaí, RJ. Encontrou-se uma fauna diferenciada de formigas e maior riqueza de espécies em parcelas nas quais foi utilizado um maior número de espécies arbóreas nativas do que em parcelas com poucas espécies arbóreas ou sem nenhuma intervenção conservacionista.

  20. La cultura gastronómica p'urhépecha como un gran activo turístico en Michoacán

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco Antoniox Serrato García

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available En México existe un gran número comunidades indígenas de origen prehispánico. En el estado de Michoacán, el cual posee una gran riqueza cultural, destaca la cultura p'urhépecha. Por la misma riqueza que posee el estado, gran parte de su economía se basa en el turismo tanto nacional como internacional. Por esta razón se realizó una serie de estudios para aprovechar en una mayor medida esta situación, teniendo como resultado la puesta en acción del evento denominado "Encuentro de cocina tradicional de Michoacán" que se ha venido realizando cada año desde el 2004. En este artículo se muestra la justifi cación de dichos estudios, así como las primeras conclusiones de los mismos y los resultados del evento gastronómico.

  1. TURISMO COMUNITARIO Y GENERACIÓN DE RIQUEZA EN PAÍSES EN VÍAS DE DESARROLLO. UN ESTUDIO DE CASO EN EL SALVADOR/COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM AND WEALTH GENERATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. A STUDY OF CASE IN EL SALVADOR

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra María SÁNCHEZ CAÑIZARES

    2009-09-01

    Full Text Available El turismo comunitario es una tipología de turismo que se está desarrollando en diferentes partes del Mundo como alternativa al turismo tradicional. Esta nueva forma de turismo favorece el contacto entre la comunidad local y los visitantes, los cuáles obtienen nuevas experiencias. En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un estudio realizado en El Salvador donde hemos analizado las percepciones que tienen los residentes respecto a la posibilidad de desarrollo, basado en la articulación de proyectos por parte de la propia comunidad local, como destino turístico de una determinada área geográfica, reforzando los aspectos ecológicos, culturales y de hospitalidad de los residentes. La metodología se ha basado en un estudio empírico realizado en el área objeto de investigación entre septiembre y noviembre de 2008. Entre los resultados obtenidos por esta investigación, destacamos que la comunidad local percibe que el desarrollo del turismo comunitario puede aportar riqueza y generar puestos de trabajo en el área, pero que es necesario contar con una formación previa que debe provenir tanto de la administración pública como de la privada, sobre todo de ONGs y universidades. Asimismo, también se destaca el importante papel que juega la mujer como elemento vertebrador de los diferentes proyectos turísticos./Community-based Tourism is gaining prestige all over the world as an alternative to traditional tourism. This new type of tourism favours a closer contact with the local community and the experimentation of new sensations. We present in this paper a study carried out in El Salvador about the perceptions that residents have in order to develop, within the own local community, a tourist destination based on the remarkable ecologic resources of the area, and on the hospitality of hosts. The methodology is based on an empirical study realized in the area from September to November 2008. Most outstanding result is the local

  2. ABELHAS EUGLOSSINA (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE ASSOCIADAS À MONOCULTURA DE EUCALIPTO NO CERRADO MATO-GROSSENSE

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    Silva do Nascimento

    2015-04-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a composição de abelhas Euglossina em três áreas distintas, com monocultura de eucalipto de diferentes idades, utilizando a vegetação nativa como controle, com base nos aspectos de riqueza e abundância. O trabalho foi realizado em três propriedades particulares, localizadas na região Sudoeste de Mato Grosso, em monocultura de eucaliptos de diferentes idades e vegetação nativa (Cerrado. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente, de dezembro de 2011 a março de 2012, utilizando-se seis essências: eugenol, eucaliptol, vanilina, benzoato de benzila, salicitato de metila e acetato de benzila, das 8 às 16 h. Foram coletados 430 espécimes, de quatro gêneros e 18 espécies. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841, Euglossa melanotricha Moure, 1967 e Eulaema cingulata Fabricius, 1804 foram as espécies mais abundantes e comuns a todas as áreas estudadas. A área com maior abundância de abelhas foi ApS (166 indivíduos e com maior riqueza, a Tol (14 espécies. A composição de espécies foi semelhante nas áreas analisadas, e a abundância apresentou dissimilaridade entre a Tol e as áreas SanR e ApS. A área AC (área-controle apresentou maior abundância (147 e riqueza (n = 15 em relação à monocultura de eucalipto.

  3. Diversity and distribution patterns of ferns and lycophytes in a cloud forest in Mexico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arturo Sánchez-González

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La relación de la riqueza, diversidad y distribución de especies de helechos y licopodios con algunas variables climáticas y edáficas se analizó en el bosque mesófilo de montaña del municipio de Tlanchinol, Hidalgo. Se establecieron 24 parcelas de muestreo de 400 m 2 cada una, en tres pisos altitudinales situados entre 1,107 y 1,903 m. La diversidad alfa y beta, y el valor de importancia relativa (VIR de las especies se estimaron en cada parcela. La relación entre la riqueza, diversidad, VIR y las variables ambientales se estableció mediante análisis de redundancia, regresión lineal y árboles de regresión. Pocas especies presentaron VIR altos por parcela; los valores de riqueza y diversidad no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas ( P < 0.05 con respecto a la altitud, pero s í con la temperatura mínima del mes más frío, precipitación del trimestre más cálido, orientación y pendiente. La diversidad beta incrementó con la altitud; esta diversidad fue baja entre pisos cercanos y alta en los extremos del gradiente. La distribución de las especies se relacion ó positivamente con la materia orgánica, isotermalidad y contenido de sodio; y negativamente con la precipitación del mes más seco, evapotranspiración real anual y evapotranspiración real en la temporada de lluvias.

  4. Phylogenomic Resolution of the Phylogeny of Laurasiatherian Mammals: Exploring Phylogenetic Signals within Coding and Noncoding Sequences.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Meng-Yun; Liang, Dan; Zhang, Peng

    2017-08-01

    The interordinal relationships of Laurasiatherian mammals are currently one of the most controversial questions in mammalian phylogenetics. Previous studies mainly relied on coding sequences (CDS) and seldom used noncoding sequences. Here, by data mining public genome data, we compiled an intron data set of 3,638 genes (all introns from a protein-coding gene are considered as a gene) (19,055,073 bp) and a CDS data set of 10,259 genes (20,994,285 bp), covering all major lineages of Laurasiatheria (except Pholidota). We found that the intron data contained stronger and more congruent phylogenetic signals than the CDS data. In agreement with this observation, concatenation and species-tree analyses of the intron data set yielded well-resolved and identical phylogenies, whereas the CDS data set produced weakly supported and incongruent results. Further analyses showed that the phylogeny inferred from the intron data is highly robust to data subsampling and change in outgroup, but the CDS data produced unstable results under the same conditions. Interestingly, gene tree statistical results showed that the most frequently observed gene tree topologies for the CDS and intron data are identical, suggesting that the major phylogenetic signal within the CDS data is actually congruent with that within the intron data. Our final result of Laurasiatheria phylogeny is (Eulipotyphla,((Chiroptera, Perissodactyla),(Carnivora, Cetartiodactyla))), favoring a close relationship between Chiroptera and Perissodactyla. Our study 1) provides a well-supported phylogenetic framework for Laurasiatheria, representing a step towards ending the long-standing "hard" polytomy and 2) argues that intron within genome data is a promising data resource for resolving rapid radiation events across the tree of life. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

  5. First record of Histiotus laephotis Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae from Brazil Primeiro registro de Histiotus laephotis Thomas (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae no Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    João M. D. Miranda

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available The first record of Histiotus laephotis Thomas, 1916 from Brazil is reported here. An adult male was caught with a mist net in a barn located within an Araucaria pine forest in the municipality of Passos Maia, State of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil (26º46'48"S and 52º03'34"W. This record extends the distribution of this species in South America. Morphological and taxonomic notes of this species are described as well.O primeiro registro de Histiotus laephotis Thomas, 1916 o Brasil é aqui reportado. Um macho adulto foi coletado com rede de neblina (em abrigo artificial nos domínios da Floresta com Araucária, no Município de Passos Maia, Estado de Santa Catarina, Sul do Brasil (26º46'48"S e 52º03'34"W. Este registro amplia a distribuição da própria espécie na América do Sul. Aspectos morfológicos e taxonômicos desta espécie são também descritos.

  6. Educación popular

    OpenAIRE

    Ortiz, Pedro P.

    2009-01-01

    Reflexiones sobre la relación entre la educación popular con el individuo, la sociedad, la moral, la religión, la industria y la riqueza pública - La educación i el individuo - La educación i la sociedad

  7. Parasitological surveillance in a rat (Rattus norvegicus) colony in São Paulo Zoo animal house

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chagas, Carolina Romeiro Fernandes; Gonzalez, Irys Hany Lima; Favoretto, Samantha Mesquita; Ramos, Patrícia Locosque

    Rattus norvegicus (Mammalia: Rodentia) is a widespread and synanthropic rodent, broadly used in medical experiments. It can also be used for feeding captive animals in zoos. Parasitological surveys are important to guarantee the health of both the animals and the staff responsible for their management. The aim of this study was to identify intestinal parasites of Rattus norvegicus offered as food to captive animals from São Paulo Zoo, and demonstrate the importance of sanitary hurdling, disease control and biosecurity. The identified protozoan parasites were Eimeria sp., Entamoeba sp., Spironucleus sp., Giardia sp., Tritrichomonas sp., Chilomastix sp., unidentified cysts and non-sporulated coccidians oocysts (Isospora/Eimeria). The following helminths were found: Syphacia muris, Rodentolepis nana and Aspiculuris tetraptera.

  8. Le genre Sivanasua (Lophocyoninae, Hyaenodontidae, Creodonta, Mammalia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Morales, J.

    1999-08-01

    Full Text Available Two upper teeth from the lower Miocene of Le Chêne de Navere (Gers, France are interpreted as MI and M2 of Sivanasua viverroides. The genus is known in Europe by two species. The origin of the Lophocyoninae is re-evaluated. We consider the group as rooted in some African Hyaenodontoid Creodonta.Dos dientes del yacimiento mioceno (MN4b de Chêne de Navere (Gers, Francia se interpretan como MI y M2 de Sivanasua viverroides. El género Sivanasua está representado en Europa por dos especies. El origen de los Lophocyoninae se reconsidera, primero atribuidos a los Ailuridae y después relacionados con los Viverridae, aquí son considerados como emparentados a los Creodontos Hyaenodontidae africanos.

  9. Biodiversidad de Chordata (Mammalia) en México

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez-Cordero, Víctor; Botello, Francisco; Flores-Martínez, José Juan; Gómez-Rodríguez, Ruth A.; Guevara, Lázaro; Gutiérrez-Granados, Gabriel; Rodríguez-Moreno, Ángel

    2014-01-01

    Los mamíferos son uno de los grupos más conspicuos de las comunidades terrestres de vertebrados y muestran una serie de características internas y externas que los han llevado a ser exitosos en casi todos los ecosistemas del mundo. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar el estado de conocimiento de los mamíferos de México. En México los mamíferos forman un grupo altamente diverso, ubicando al país en el tercer lugar mundial con 564 especies silvestres, alcanzando aproximadamente el 10% de...

  10. The snout of Paulocnus petrifactus (Mammalia, Edentata)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hooijer, D.A.

    1964-01-01

    A specimen of the ground sloth discovered by Mr. P. Stuiver in Curaçao, Paulocnus petrifactus Hooijer (1962), recently dressed from the matrix by Mr. P. H. de Buisonjé, comprises the front part of the mandible and the left half of the rostrum of the skull. It holds the left upper and right lower

  11. Modelado de la política de cooperación entre países vecinos para el crecimiento económico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernando Ávila Carreón

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available El modelado matemático de variables económicas ha sido aplicado con relativo éxito en los últimos años (Markowich, 2007, en particular para la riqueza (Chukwu, 1998 y haciendo uso de ecuaciones diferenciales (Zhang, 2005. En (Chukwu, 2003 se aplicó para dicha modelación la ecuación diferencial en derivadas parciales. La riqueza para tales efectos fue definida como la suma de inversión directa en la economía de la república + bienes de capital + el producto de población empleada por salarios + el cociente de la cuantificación de las habilidades empresariales dividido entre la población. En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta para modelar de alguna manera el nivel de crecimiento económico que se puede obtener a partir de un manejo adecuado de las operaciones comerciales a través del TLC con los EU.

  12. de Puebla a través de itinerarios culturales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Patricia Domínguez Silva

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La ciudad Puebla, México, con un patrimonio cultural vasto, presenta debilidades en el tiempo de visita por parte de los turistas. Al parecer, el turismo que asiste al Centro Histórico no es capaz de percibir el contenedor simbólico que lo rodea. Este trabajo muestra los resultados de la evaluación de dos itinerarios culturales en Puebla, ambos se analizaron en el contexto de paradas y etapas para ponderar el patrimonio. Los resultados mostraron la falta de capacidad de ambos itinerarios para poner en contexto la riqueza patrimonial de los sitios visitados. Los itinerarios estudiados, relevantes para describir la riqueza patrimonial de la ciudad, distan de cumplir el objetivo de un itinerario: instruir, cultivar y letrar. La falta de aproximación al urbanismo detectada en estos itinerarios, teniendo en cuenta que el urbanismo es considerado un elemento característico e indiscutible de los itinerarios culturales, fue la mayor debilidad encontrada.

  13. Unique Turbinal Morphology in Horseshoe Bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Curtis, Abigail A; Simmons, Nancy B

    2017-02-01

    The mammalian nasal fossa contains a set of delicate and often structurally complex bones called turbinals. Turbinals and associated mucosae function in regulating respiratory heat and water loss, increasing surface area for olfactory tissue, and directing airflow within the nasal fossa. We used high-resolution micro-CT scanning to investigate a unique maxilloturbinal morphology in 37 species from the bat family Rhinolophidae, which we compared with those of families Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, and Pteropodidae. Rhinolophids exhibit numerous structural modifications along the nasopharyngeal tract associated with emission of high duty cycle echolocation calls via the nostrils. In rhinolophids, we found that the maxilloturbinals and a portion of ethmoturbinal I form a pair of strand-like bony structures on each side of the nasal chamber. These structures project anteriorly from the transverse lamina and complete a hairpin turn to project posteriorly down the nasopharyngeal duct, and vary in length among species. The strand-like maxilloturbinals in Rhinolophidae were not observed in our outgroups and represent a synapomorphy for this family, and are unique in form among mammals. Within Rhinolophidae, maxilloturbinal size and cross-sectional shape were correlated with phylogeny. We hypothesize that strand-shaped maxilloturbinals may function to reduce respiratory heat and water loss without greatly impacting echolocation call transmission since they provide increased mucosal surface area for heat and moisture exchange but occupy minimal space. Alternatively, they may play a role in transmission of echolocation calls since they are located directly along the path sound travels between the larynx and nostrils during call emission. Anat Rec, 300:309-325, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  14. Reproduction of Phylloderma stenops in captivity (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae

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    CEL Esbérard

    Full Text Available A reproductive colony of Phylloderma stenops was established in captivity. The bats were maintained in 1/2" wired screen cages sized 90 × 60 × 80 cm in a room with cycles of 13 hours of light and 11 hours of dark and with temperature and humidity ranging from 27 to 31 °C and 75 to 90% respectively. Bats were fed with a semi-liquid diet composed of chopped fruits, raw eggs, bovine meat, dog food, honey, dehydrated shrimp, salt and a vitamin and mineral complex offered daily. In the first two years of confinement the diet was complemented with laboratory-raised cockroaches, mealworms, young mice and seasonal fruits. Nine births occurred from three wild caught females 770-1050 days after capture and two captive-born females. Births occurred in September, February and November-December. The neonate measured 15.0 g of weight and present 34.1 mm of forearm length. Two captive-born females gave birth for the first time at 402-445 days of age. Phylloderma stenops species presents postpartum oestrus, gestation of 5.5 months, lactation of 3.3 months and sexual maturity at 8.0-8.5 months. Fetuses are palpable around two months before birth and females may present synchronisation of births.

  15. Pliocene bats (Chiroptera) from Kanapoi, Turkana Basin, Kenya.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gunnell, Gregg F; Manthi, Fredrick K

    2018-04-05

    Fossil bats from the Pliocene of Africa are extremely rare, especially in East Africa where meager records have been reported only from two localities in the Omo River Basin Shungura Formation and from a scattering of localities in the Afar Depression, both in Ethiopia. Here we report on a diverse assemblage of bats from Kanapoi in the Turkana Basin that date to approximately 4.19 million years ago. The Kanapoi bat community consists of four different species of fruit bats including a new genus and two new species as well as five species of echolocating bats, the most common of which are two new species of the molossid genus Mops. Additionally, among the echolocating bats, a new species of the emballonurid Saccolaimus is documented at Kanapoi along with an additional Saccolaimus species and a potentially new species of the nycterid Nycteris. Compared to other East African Pliocene bat assemblages, the Kanapoi bat community is unique in preserving molossids and curiously lacks any evidence of cave dwelling bats like rhinolophids or hipposiderids, which are both common at other East African sites. The bats making up the Kanapoi community all typically roost in trees, with some preferring deeper forests and larger trees (molossids), while the others (pteropodids, nycterids and emballonurids) roost in trees near open areas. Living fruit bats that are related to Kanapoi species typically forage for fruits along the margins of forests and in open savannah. The echolocating forms from Kanapoi consist of groups that aerially hawk for insects in open areas between patches of forest and along water courses. The habitats preferred by living relatives of the Kanapoi bats are in agreement with those constructed for Kanapoi based on other lines of evidence. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  16. Some new records of bats from Morocco (Chiroptera)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Benda, P.; Červený, J.; Konečný, Adam; Reiter, A.; Ševčík, M.; Uhrin, M.; Vallo, Peter

    2010-01-01

    Roč. 41, - (2010), s. 151-166 ISSN 0024-7774 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : bats * North Africa * Western Sahara * distribution * echolocation * Maghreb Subject RIV: EG - Zoology

  17. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE REGENERACIÓN LEÑOSA POST-INCENDIO DE UN ECOSISTEMA TEMPLADO DEL PARQUE ECOLÓGICO CHIPINQUE, MÉXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez

    2011-01-01

    ha, con una cobertura foliar de 12,526 m2·ha-1, lo que indica una cobertura del 100 % y sobreposición de copas. Los valores del índice de riqueza de Margalef (DMg=3.64 y de diversidad de Shannon (H'=2.39 indicaron alta diversidad.

  18. Cultura y educación matemática

    OpenAIRE

    Gorgorió Solà, Núria

    2000-01-01

    La enseñanza de esta disciplina en la escuela refleja su carácter universal, pero olvida a menudo el bagaje cultural del alumnado y sus necesidades sociales. Los autores reivindican que se aproveche la diversidad como fuente de riqueza para el aprendizaje de las matemáticas.

  19. Diversidad y distribución de acridios (Orthoptera: Acridoidea en pastizales del sur de la región pampeana, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yanina Mariottini

    2013-03-01

    Full Text Available Los acridios son componentes nativos de los pastizales, dichos sistemas han sido modificados debido a la intensificación de las actividades agrícola-ganaderas y por lo tanto se considera importante estudiar las comunidades de acridios asociadas. Se estudió la diversidad y distribución de acridios en el Sur de la región pampeana a través de muestreos realizados en las comunidades vegetales más representativas del partido de Laprida, provincia de Buenos Aires, durante cinco temporadas (2005-2010. Se recolectaron 22 especies. La subfamilia Melanoplinae fue la más diversa (ocho especies. La mayor cantidad de especies se observó en los pastizales nativos (18. La diversidad en los pastizales alterados (1.75±0.096 fue superior (p<0.05 a la de los pastizales halófilos (1.34±0.12. La riqueza de plantas en los pastizales nativos y los pastizales alterados fue superior (p<0.05 a la de las demás comunidades. Se registro una relación positiva entre la riqueza de plantas y las variables riqueza y diversidad de acridios. La similitud entre las comunidades de acridios estimada por los índices cualitativos fue superior al 60%. En general, las especies que tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de aparición, mostraron una mayor abundancia y distribución. Covasacris pallidinota, Dichroplus elongatus, D. maculipennis, Borellia bruneri y B. pallida fueron las de mayor distribución, cinco especies tuvieron una distribución intermedia y la mayoría (12 una distribución restringida.

  20. Structure of molluscan assemblages in sheltered intertidal unconsolidated environments

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Márcia Regina Denadai

    2005-09-01

    Full Text Available The molluscan macrofauna from 13 oceanic sheltered intertidal unconsolidated environments and its relationship with abiotic factors were studied in order to establish the degree of species richness and to understand the role environment plays in structuring such assemblages. Four distinct intertidal habitat types were recognized based on molluscan assemblage descriptors (diversity, richness and density and abiotic characteristics. The mean grain size (in phy units and the beach slope showed a negative relationship with the diversity, richness and density. Coarser sediments were favorable to molluscan fauna in the study areas, contrasting the well-known negative effect of this type of sand on fauna in typical oceanic beaches. The low-tide terraces, typical from tide-dominated areas, and the presence of physical (rocky fragments and biogenic (gravel structures, were also associated to the higher values of richness. The high richness in the study area as a whole seemed to be a direct consequence of its environmental heterogeneity, once it was composed by quite distinct habitat types.A malacofauna de 13 ambientes oceânicos, protegidos, entremarés e não-consolidados e sua relação com os fatores abióticos foram estudados com o intuito de conhecer a riqueza de espécies e compreender o papel dos fatores abióticos na estruturação das associações. Quatro tipos distintos de ambiente entremarés foram reconhecidos com base nos descritores da comunidade (diversidade, riqueza e densidade e nas características abióticas. O tamanho médio do grão de areia (em phy e a inclinação da praia mostraram uma relação negativa com a diversidade, riqueza e densidade. Sedimentos grossos foram favoráveis à fauna de moluscos nas áreas estudadas, contrastando o bem conhecido efeito negativo deste tipo de areia sobre a fauna em praias oceânicas típicas. Os terraços de maré baixa, típicos de áreas dominadas pela maré, e a presença de estruturas

  1. Communities of soil macrofauna in green spaces of an urbanizing city at east China Comunidades de macrofauna del suelo en espacios verdes de una ciudad en proceso de urbanización en el este de China

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    GE BAO-MING

    2012-06-01

    Full Text Available We evaluated the diversity of soil macrofauna communities inhabiting urban green spaces in Yancheng City, an urbanizing city located east of China. In the end of April 2011, the taxonomic richness, abundance and composition of soil macrofauna communities were assessed and compared among five types of green space (poplar forest, rapeseed farm, grassland in park, lawn and nursery garden and three depth layers in the soil, with taxonomic resolution attained at the order level. Taxonomic richness (orders and abundance were significantly different among green spaces. Diversity indices (Margalef's taxonomic richness R and Shannon-Weaver diversity index H' were higher in poplar forest, grassland in park and nursery garden than in rapeseed farm and lawn. Taxonomic richness (Chao 2 showed a similar trend. There were significant effects of green space type and soil layer, which showed a significant interaction affecting macrofauna composition. We recommend that urban green spaces can be used for maintaining biodiversity, not only for landscape purposes.Evaluamos la diversidad de las comunidades de macrofauna del suelo que habitan los espacios verdes urbanos en la ciudad de Yancheng, una ciudad en proceso de urbanización situada al este de China. A fines de abril 2011, la riqueza taxonómica, abundancia y composición de comunidades de macrofauna del suelo fueron evaluadas y comparadas entre cinco tipos de espacio verde (bosque de álamos, granja de colza, pastizal de parque, césped y jardín vivero y tres capas de profundidad del suelo, con resolución taxonómica a nivel de orden. La riqueza taxonómica (de órdenes y la abundancia fueron significativamente diferentes entre los espacios verdes. Los indices de diversidad (riqueza taxonómica R de Margalef y diversidad H' de Shannon-Weaver fueron mayores en el bosque de álamos, pastizal de parque y jardin vivero que en la granja de la colza y el césped. La riqueza taxonómica (Chao 2 mostró una

  2. Aves endêmicas e ameaçadas de extinção da Estação Ecológica de Xitué e a contribuição do taquaruçu Guadua tagoara (Nees Kunth para a riqueza local. Endemic and threatened birds of the Xitué Ecological Station and the contribution of the bamboo Guadua tagoara (Nees Kunth to local richness.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alexsander Zamorano ANTUNES

    2007-12-01

    Full Text Available O contínuo ecológico da Serra deParanapiacaba, no sul do Estado de São Paulo,é uma área de extrema importância para aconservação das aves. Dentro do contínuo, a EstaçãoEcológica de Xitué é a Unidade de Conservaçãocuja avifauna é menos conhecida. Em levantamentoefetuado em 2006 foram registradas em Xitué48 espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica e 8ameaçadas de extinção. Apesar de ser a espécievegetal dominante em vastos trechos da estação,o taquaruçu Guadua tagoara (Nees Kunth parececontribuir pouco para a riqueza de espécies de avesencontradas. No entanto, entre estas espécies seencontra o criticamente ameaçado papa-capim-dataquaraSporophila falcirostris, granívoroespecializado em sementes de taquaras.The Paranapiacaba Range ecologicalcontinuum, in State of São Paulo southernBrazil, is an extremely important area to birdconservation. In Paranapiacaba Range the birds ofXitué Ecological Station remains poorly known.We surveyed the Xitué birds in 2006 and we found48 Atlantic Forest endemics species and 8 threatened.Although the bamboo Guadua tagoara (NeesKunth dominate many areas of Xitué, it contributedtoo little for bird richness. However, between thesebird species was the critically endangered Temminck’sSeedeater Sporophila falcirostris, specializedbamboo granivorous.

  3. Arquitectura para la enseñanza. La escuela en Cantabria

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    Ángel Cea Benito

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available (ES La intención de estas breves líneas es llamar la atención sobre la riqueza que para el patrimonio arquitectónico de Cantabria ha tenido un elemento tan modesto y tan universal como el espacio en el que hemos aprendido a aprender.

  4. El adoratorio de Saywite o Concacha

    OpenAIRE

    Lumbreras, Luis Guillermo

    2012-01-01

    Presenta el adoratorio situado cerca de Abancay (Apurímac) camino al Cusco. Uno de sus monolitos, conocido como la Piedra de Saywite, ha sido el monumento temático para la nueva moneda de S/. 1,00 de la serie numismática Riqueza y Orgullo del Perú.

  5. Arquitectura Ferroviaria en America Latina: riqueza y diversidad de un patrimonio

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    Jorge Daniel Tartarini

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available El presente y el futuro del patrimonio ferroviario en America Latina involucra múltiples sectores. En una época que exige compatibilizar conservación y desarrollo, será de crucial importancia consolidar y acrecentar el espacio de interés ganado por el tema. Una condición que seguramente contribuirá a asegurar tanto su necesaria vigencia, como su resguardo de cara al porvenir. El presente Artículo Pero bien sabemos que la base de una recuperación apropiada de estos elementos, exige ir más allá de estas cuestiones. Se hace necesaria una visión global e integrada, en tanto se consideren recursos endógenos de desarrollo, que pueden generar rentas, crear empleo y contribuir a recuperar la calidad de vida de comunidades afectadas por procesos de exclusión, desde una necesaria dimensión humana del patrimonio.

  6. Diversity, rarity and the evolution and conservation of the Canary Islands endemic flora

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    Reyes-Betancort, J. Alfredo

    2008-06-01

    que abarca la distribución de cerca del 90% de los táxones endémicos usando cuadrículas UTM de10 × 10 km. A continuación, se utilizó el programa WORLDMAP para investigar los patrones de diversidad de los endemismos, el rango del grado de rareza (una medida de endemicidad, la diversidad filogenética y la riqueza en táxones amenazados. Se observó que la riqueza en endemismos es muy heterogénea a lo largo del archipiélago, con unos valores por cuadrícula que oscilan entre 1 y 139 táxones (0,05-22,82% de la diversidad de táxones endémicos. Los patrones de variación del rango del grado de la rareza y la diversidad filogenética resultaron ser en gran parte congruentes con la diversidad en endemismos, aunque algunas cuadrículas mostraron valores mucho más altos de rareza de los que podían ser predichos dada su diversidad de endemismos. En contraste, los patrones de riqueza en especies amenazadas en el archipiélago difirieron marcadamente de la riqueza en táxones endémicos. Muchas cuadrículas de Lanzarote, Fuerteventura y Gran Canaria mostraron valores más altos de riqueza en especies amenazadas que las que pudieran ser predichas sobre la base de su riqueza en táxones endémicos, mientras que en Tenerife, El Hierro y La Gomera la regla fue generalmente lo contrario. Se consideran las implicaciones que estos resultados suponen para la comprensión de la evolución de la diversidad de endemismos canaria y para la conservación de su singular y vulnerable flora.

  7. Diversidade de Larvas de Leptophlebiidae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera da Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus, AM.

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    Claudio Rabelo dos Santos-Neto

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available ResumoA Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (RFAD é um fragmento de 10.000 hectares em conflito geográfico com a cidade de Manaus. O conhecimento da diversidade dos Ephemeroptera na RFAD é fundamental uma vez que estes organismos são elementos biológicos importantes; como importante fonte de alimento e, por seu potencial como indicadores das perturbações antropogênicas. Neste estudo teve-se como objetivo o levantamento da fauna de Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera das duas bacias hidrográficas, comparando a diversidade entre as bacias e entre os períodos seco e chuvoso. Coletou-se em 38 pontos dos igarapés das bacias Leste (Ipiranga, Uberê e Tinga e a Oeste (Acará e Bolívia da RFAD com rede entomológica aquática (rapiché. Para verificar diferenças na riqueza das duas bacias e, comparar a riqueza nos períodos seco e chuvoso foi feito o Índice de Riqueza de Jackknife. Foram obtidas 804 larvas de Leptophlebiidae sendo identificados 368 indivíduos e reconhecidos sete gêneros: Hagenulopsis Ulmer (35%; n=128; Thraulodes Ulmer (34%; n=124; Farrodes Peters (13%; n=48; Miroculis Edmunds Jr (12%; n=45; Hydrosmilodon Flowers & Dominguez (5%; n=19; Hermanella Needham & Murphy (0.8%; n=3, Microphlebia Savage & Peters (n=1. Este representa o primeiro registro de Hydrosmilodon, Hermanella e Microphlebia para a RFAD. Na comparação entre as bacias Leste e Oeste, o Índice de Riqueza de Jackknife não indicou diferença significativa na riqueza de gêneros. Hermanella e Hydrosmilodon não ocorreram na bacia Oeste e, Microphlebia não ocorreu na bacia Leste, no entanto estas ausências não representam diferença significativa na riqueza taxonômica das bacias. A comparação na riqueza de espécie de Leptophlebiidae considerando o período seco e chuvoso revelou uma diferença significativa entre os períodos. Cerca de 68% dos indivíduos foram coletados no período seco provavelmente porque neste período a água fica restrita ao canal do igarap

  8. Responses of freshwater molluscs to environmental factors in Southern Brazil wetlands Respostas de moluscos límnicos a fatores ambientais em áreas úmidas do sul do Brasil

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    L. Maltchik

    2010-08-01

    Full Text Available Freshwater molluscs play an important role in aquatic ecosystems, providing food for many fish species and vertebrates. Investigations on factors that determine mollusc species richness and distribution in wetland systems are scarce in the Neotropical region. The main goal of this study was to determine how much variation in mollusc richness and composition is explained by area, hydroperiod, altitude, water conductivity, and dominant aquatic vegetation. This survey was performed in an extensive area of a Neotropical region (~280,000 km² in southern Brazil, with a large number of wetland systems (111 and covering a wide gradient of altitude and wetland surface area. The mollusc richness was positively associated with wetland area and negatively associated with altitude. The richness and composition of the freshwater molluscs were similar between permanent and intermittent wetlands and it did not differ significantly between aquatic bed and emergent wetlands. The first three axes of CCA explained 16.2% of the total variation in the composition of the freshwater mollusc observed. The variation in the composition had a correlation with wetland area, altitude and water conductivity. Our results showed that the wetlands are important habitats for molluscs in southern Brazil, and that the richness and the composition of molluscs were associated with area, altitude, water conductivity and dominant vegetation.Moluscos límnicos desempenham um papel importante em ecossistemas aquáticos, fornecendo alimento para diversos peixes e vertebrados. Investigações sobre os fatores que determinam a riqueza e a distribuição das espécies de moluscos em áreas úmidas são escassos na região neotropical. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a variação na riqueza e na composição de moluscos em função da área, hidroperíodo, altitude, condutividade da água e tipo de vegetação aquática dominante. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em uma extensa

  9. DIONISO: O VERDADEIRO VALOR DA ALEGRIA

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    Márcio Henrique Vieira Amaro (UFC

    2015-03-01

    Full Text Available A partir da análise de três peças cômicas: Pluto, de Aristófanes, Misantropo, de Menandro, e Aululária, de Plauto, procurou-se vislumbrar um panorama da Comédia em seus mais variados estágios de desenvolvimento, desde a Grécia Clássica até o período romano. A chave de leitura utilizada foi o tema da riqueza e suas nuances. A partir da leitura das peças, buscou-se procurar uma relação entre a temática da riqueza e as relações amorosas dos personagens. Em seguida a partir dos aspectos mitológicos localizar e destacar os diversos elementos dionisíacos nos textos, procurando demonstrar a presença de Dioniso como elemento primordial na solução das intrigas em todos os estágios da produção cômica. Constatou-se assim que parece realmente existir uma relação entre a riqueza e o amor nas tramas, e a presença de Dioniso.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: COMÉDIA GRECO LATINA – DIONISISMO – TEATRO GRECO LATINO. Abstract The present study attempts to discern the Comedy scene in its various stages of development, from Classical Greece to the Roman period, by analysis of three comedic plays: Plutus by Aristophanes; Dyskolos by Menander; and Aulularia by Plautus. We tried to find a relationship between the themes of wealth and love in the plays while highlighting the various dionysian elements from the mythological aspects, aiming to demonstrate the importance of Dionysus for the solution of the intrigues at every stage of comical production.KEYWORDS: GREEK AND LATIN COMEDY – DIONYSISM – GREEK AND LATIN THEATRE

  10. Política de Población

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    Ortiz C. Luis B.

    1940-03-01

    Full Text Available La población es la medida de la capacidad de nuestros gobiernos, El Ministro de Estado que no duplica el censo de estos pueblos cada diez años, ha perdido su tiempo en bagatelas y nimiedades. Gobernar es poblar: muy bien; pero poblar es una ciencia y esta ciencia no es otra cosa que la economía política, que considera la población como instrumento de riqueza y elemento de prosperidad “Porque poblar, repito es instruir, educar, moralizar, mejorar la raza; es enriquecer, civilizar, fortalecer y afirmar la libertad del país, dándole la inteligencia y la costumbre de su propio gobierno y los medios de hacerlo" "Poblar es enriquecer cuando se puebla con gente inteligente en la industria y habituada al trabajo que produce y enriquece". "Poblar es civilizar cuando se puebla con gente civilizada, es decir, con pobladores de Europa civilizada. Por eso he dicho en la Constitución que el gobierno debe fomentar la inmigración europea". "Pero poblar es apestar corromper, degenerar, envenenar un país cuando en vez de poblarlo con la flor de la población trabajadora de Europa, se le puebla con la basura de la Europa atrasada o menos culta" . "Gobernar es poblar: muy bien; pero poblar es una ciencia y esto ciencia no es otra cosa que la economía política. que considera la población como instrumento de riqueza y elemento de prosperidad". Juan B. Alberdi Considerar la inmigración "como instrumento de riqueza y elemento de prosperidad" y sobre todo que tal cosa vaya a hacerse en las riberas magdalenenses, es un atentado de lesa Patria.

  11. Fauna de répteis dos remanescentes florestais e cultivos agrícolas da Fazenda Cambuhy, municípios de Matão, Nova Europa e Tabatinga, região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ana Bárbara Barros

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-7925.2017v30n1p79 A região Noroeste é a mais desmatada e com menor concentração de Unidades de Conservação do estado de São Paulo. Apesar dos avanços científicos recentes, ainda existem lacunas de conhecimento de herpetofauna. O presente estudo teve como objetivo fornecer informações sobre riqueza, abundância e uso do habitat dos répteis da Fazenda Cambuhy, que abrange os municípios de Matão, Nova Europa e Tabatinga. As amostragens ocorreram entre os anos de 2013 a 2015, utilizando-se quatro metodologias: armadilhas de interceptação e queda, procura visual limitada por tempo, procura em estradas e encontros ocasionais. Foram incluídos também os registros disponíveis em coleções científicas e na literatura. Foram registradas 46 espécies de répteis pertencentes aos grupos Squamata e Crocodylia. As espécies mais frequentes foram Salvator merianae (N = 55, espécie mais abundante em todos os ambientes amostrados, Notomabuya frenata (N = 14, amostrada somente nas florestas e Ameiva ameiva (N = 4, registrada nos ambientes antrópicos e florestais. A composição de espécies registrada reflete o posicionamento da área de estudo, apresentando a maioria das espécies associadas aos biomas Cerrado e Mata Atlântica. A riqueza de répteis da Fazenda Cambuhy representa 21% da riqueza de répteis do estado, sendo de grande significância para conservação da herpetofauna da região Noroeste do estado de São Paulo.

  12. El Club de la Señora Matemática

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    Javier Rodrigo Hitos

    2011-10-01

    Full Text Available El Club de la Señora Matemática muestra metafóricamente la enormediversidad y riqueza desde el punto de vista analítico en el que se pueden llegar a clasificar las funciones, llevando a cabo un breve repaso por algunas de las más singulares.

  13. Palmas Americanas, Sistemática y Cambios Climáticos

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Balslev, Henrik

    2011-01-01

    La familia de las palmas incluye alrededor de 2440 especies de distribución pantropical. Las palmas son elementos importantes en la vegetación en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. La riqueza y la composición sistemática de las palmas están estructuradas geográficamente de manera muy fuerte...

  14. CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO Y DESARROLLO SUSTENTABLE EN LA HUASTECA POTOSINA. EL CASO DEL CORREDOR ECO TURÍSTICO INDÍGENA TAMUÍN, S.L.P.

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    Alfonso Muñoz Güemes

    2013-06-01

    Full Text Available El desarrollo económico, social y humano entre los diferentes grupos étnicos que habitan en la región Huasteca de San Luis potosí, se ha caracterizado por una gran deficiencia en las políticas públicas que generen un modelo de generación de riqueza social equitativa para estos sectores. Por otra parte, las actividades económicas, fundamentalmente en el sector primario de la economía regional, son altamente contaminantes y destructoras del medio ambiente, a la vez que son deficitarias en términos de la competitividad comercial y su generación del PIB.En este orden de ideas, el turismo alternativo, con sus diversificaciones hacia el turismo rural, el ecológico, el etnográfico, entre otras modalidades, se convierte en un nuevo paradigma de desarrollo endógeno que pudiera ser la respuesta para alcanzar el desarrollo social equitativo, con respeto hacia el entorno ecológico y promotor de riqueza social auto gestionada.

  15. Evolución del contenido de ácidos grasos de aceite de aguacate durante la maduración

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    Martín Nieto, L.

    1995-04-01

    Full Text Available The minimum fat richness of avocados necessary for marketing of the fruit is 8%, although after vegetative maturation values of about 20% or more are reached, the values depending on the variety. In the period between harvesting, when commercial maturity is reached, and full maturation, not only is the fat content increased but changes also occur in the fat composition, the unsaturated fatty acids increasing while the amount of saturated fatty acids decreases.

    La riqueza grasa mínima exigida al aguacate para su salida al mercado es del 8%, aunque en la maduración vegetativa se alcanzan valores de alrededor del 20% o más según variedades. En el período que transcurre desde el corte del fruto, de acuerdo con la madurez comercial, hasta la completa madurez del mismo no sólo aumenta la riqueza grasa, sino que se ha observado una evolución del contenido graso, de forma que hay un aumento de los ácidos grasos Insaturados en detrimento del contenido en ácidos grasos saturados.

  16. DIVERSIDAD DE MARIPOSAS (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA EN LA PARTE ALTA DE LA CUENCA DEL RÍO EL ROBLE (QUINDÍO-COLOMBIA

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    TOBAR-L. DIEGO

    2002-12-01

    Full Text Available En siete relictos de bosque y áreas abiertas aledañas con pastizales, en la parte altade la cuenca del Río El Roble (Quindío se registraron 2697 individuos de mariposaspertenecientes a 203 especies, 119 géneros, 20 subfamilias y 6 familias. Los valoresmás altos en riqueza y en abundancia se obtuvieron durante el período seco (mayojuliocuando se registraron 174 especies; en la época lluviosa (abril-junio se registraron146. La riqueza de especies y los valores de abundancia variaron según eltamaño, la estructura, la composición florística y el estado de transformación de losbosques; Membrillal, Bremen y La Siria presentaron la mayor diversidad de especiesdurante ambos periodos. El número de especies observadas en los pastizales entoda la cuenca se acercó al valor esperado según los diferentes estimadores utilizados;en los interiores de los bosques, los valores variaron significativamente respectoa los esperados (40-80% probablemente debido a su estado de conservación.

  17. Heterogeneidade florística das fitocenoses de restingas nos estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo, Brasil

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    Luiz Fernando Silva Magnago

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo comparar florísticamente as formações vegetacionais que compõe o ecossistema Restinga dos Estados do Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo. Para isto foi realizado uma compilação de dados de levantamentos florísticos e fitossociológicos, sendo utilizado para esta análise o índice de similaridade de Jaccard, onde as interpretações se deram pela média de grupo (UPGMA. As 11 formações analisadas apresentaram uma riqueza total de 990 espécies, distribuídas em 141 famílias, sendo Fabaceae (73, Myrtaceae (59, Rubiaceae (48, Orchidaceae (44, Cyperaceae (38, Poaceae (36, Bromeliaceae (35, Euphorbiaceae (30, Asteraceae (30 as de maior riqueza. A similaridade entre as formações foi baixa, sendo o maior valor de 33%. Os resultados obtidos denotam uma alta heterogeneidade florística existente nas formações que compõe o ecossistema Restinga nos dois Estados analisados, sendo esta determinada por diferentes fatores que atuam em cada fitocenose.

  18. El sudor del sol y las lágrimas de la luna : la metalurgia del oro y de la plata en el antiguo Perú

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    Cruz García de la Torre

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available El oro y la plata fueron los metales cuyo hallazgo en el continente americano despertó grandes espectativas de riqueza en la menta de los primeros conquistadores, incluso antes de su descubrimiento. Los cronistas aportan abundantes noticias no sólo sobre las fabulosas riquezas metálicas que poseía el Perú sino, incluso, sobre los diferentes procesos tecnológicos que tuvieron lugar desde la extracción de ambos metales hasta su transformación en objetos suntuarios, así como sobre el valor y significado que tuvieron el oro y la plata en el Perú prehispánico.The finding of gold and silver in the american continent raised great expectations of wealth among the conquerors. The chronicles provide a detailed account not only of the fabulous richness in metals of Peru, but also of the technological process of extraction and of the transformation of these metals in luxury objects. Through them we learn about the simbolic meaning of gold and silver in prehispanic Peru.

  19. Etnografía de una música envolvente

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    Felipe Gértrudix Barrio

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available La sensación sonora nos envuelve; percibimos el sonido de forma integral, ubicua, multidireccional y continua; el sistema auditivo es nuestro guardián porque incluso cuando descansamos, está alerta. Durante muchos años, los sistemas de grabación y reproducción sonora han limitado el carácter tradicionalmente envolvente de la música al condicionar su registro y escucha a un ámbito espacial estrecho: inicialmente en mono, y posteriormente en un formato estéreo que trataba de emular, de forma torpe aunque socializada, la riqueza expresiva de la percepción musical en vivo.Con la aparición de los sistemas multicanal, y las experiencias en el campo del sonido envolvente, estamos asistiendo al nacimiento de una nueva forma de aproximarse a esta riqueza y, con ello, está tomando cuerpo un ideario técnico que, como se analiza en este artículo, ha estado presente siempre en la tradición creativa de la composición musical.

  20. Morcegos (Chiroptera da área urbana de Londrina, Paraná, Brasil Bats (Chiroptera of the urban area of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

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    Nélio Roberto dos Reis

    2002-09-01

    Full Text Available Study carried out within the urban perimeter of Londrina, which is located in the North of the state of Paraná. The objectives were the identification of urban species of bats and diurnal roosts used by them and the verification of the problems they can cause to the population. The fire brigade, the Autarquia Municipal do Ambiente de Londrina (Municipal Environment Autarchy of Londrina, the Biology Department of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (State University of Londrina and local residents helped spot the roosts. The collections were carried out in regular intervals between April 1998 and March 1999. By the end of them, 815 bats of 23 different species had been captured. Among these, 12 were found near or inside human constructions: Noctilio albiventris Desmarest, 1818; Artibeits lituratus (Olfers, 1818; Platyrrhinus lineatus (E. Geoffroy, 1810; Eptesicus brasiliensis Desmarest 1819; Lasiurus bore-alls (Muller 1776; Lasiurus ega (Gervais, 1856; Eumops glaucinus (Wagner, 1843; Molossus rufus (E. Geoffroy, 1805; Molossus molossus (Pallas, 1766; Nyctinomops laticaudatus (E. Geoffroy, 1805; Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1840 e Tadarida brasiliensis (i. Geoffroy, 1824. Roost sites comprised expansion joints, roofs, attics and parks, among others. It can be concluded that bats are treated as undesirable animals by the population due to the lack of knowledge about the subject.

  1. Key to the South African Leporidae (Mammalia: Lagomorpha)

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    A taxonomic and autecological study of the genus Pronolagus in southern Africa. M.Sc. thesis, University of. Rhodesia, Salisbury. PETTER, F. 1972. Order Lagomorpha, Part 5. In: The mammals of. South Africa: an identification manual. Eds. Meester, J. &. Setzer, H. W. Smithsonian Inst. Press, Washington, D.C.. ROBERTS ...

  2. Plio-Pleistocene aardvarks (Mammalia, Tubulidentata from East Africa

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    T. Lehmann

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available The Tubulidentata are unique among mammals for being the only order represented nowadays by a single living species, Orycteropus afer: the aardvark. Nevertheless, it is one of the least studied mammalian orders. Aardvarks are currently distributed all over sub-Saharan Africa, but the fossil record extends their spatial range to Europe and Asia. The earliest known Tubulidentata are ca. 20 million years old. About 14 species and three to four genera have been recognised so far, but since the late Pliocene, aardvarks have only been represented by a single genus and are restricted to Africa. The extant aardvark is the only species of Tubulidentata with a large distribution area, i.e. the African continent. There are three known Plio-Pleistocene African species of aardvark: Orycteropus afer (Pallas, 1766, O. crassidens MacInnes, 1956, and O. djourabensis Lehmann et al., 2004. Fossils of these species have been discovered in North-Africa, Kenya, and Chad respectively. The present study is focused on the aardvark material found in the Plio-Pleistocene of East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya. New specimens from Asa Issie (Ethiopia and East Turkana (Kenya are described, and published ones are re-examined in the light of the latest discoveries. This study demonstrates that Kenyan specimens identified as O. crassidens are in fact representatives of the Chadian O. djourabensis. Moreover, additional material from Ethiopia and Kenya shows a close relationship with the latter species too. The presence of specimens of O. djourabensis in Chad and in Kenya during the Plio-Pleistocene implies that this taxon is the oldest-known species of aardvark to have experienced a continental dispersal. It also shows that Tubulidentates were able to cross Africa from east-west during Plio-Pleistocene times, despite the presence of the Rift Valley. It is however not possible to infer the centre of origin of O. djourabensis. Finally, this study suggests that two species of aardvark might have co-existed in Kenya during the early Pleistocene. doi:10.1002/mmng.200800003

  3. Comparative cranial ontogeny of Tapirus (Mammalia: Perissodactyla: Tapiridae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Moyano, S Rocio; Giannini, Norberto P

    2017-11-01

    Skull morphology in tapirs is particularly interesting due to the presence of a proboscis with important trophic, sensory and behavioral functions. Several studies have dealt with tapir skull osteology but chiefly in a comparative framework between fossil and recent species of tapirs. Only one study examined an aspect of cranial ontogeny, development of the sagittal crest (Holbrook. J Zool Soc Lond 2002; 256; 215). Our goal is to describe in detail the morphological changes that occur during the postnatal ontogeny of the skull in two representative tapir species, Tapirus terrestris and Tapirus indicus, and to explore possible functional consequences of their developmental trajectories. We compared qualitative features of the skull on a growth series of 46 specimens of T. terrestris ordered on the basis of the sequence of eruption and tooth wear, dividing the sample into three age classes: class Y (very young juvenile), class J (from young juvenile to young adult) and class A (full and old adult). The qualitative morphological analysis consisted of describing changes in the series in each skull bone and major skull structure, including the type and degree of transformation (e.g. appearance, fusion) of cranial features (e.g. processes, foramina) and articulations (sutures, synchondroses, and synovial joints). We then measured 23 cranial variables in 46 specimens of T. terrestris that included the entire ontogenetic series from newborn to old adults. We applied statistical multivariate techniques to describe allometric growth, and compared the results with the allometric trends calculated for a sample of 25 specimens of T. indicus. Results show that the skull structure was largely conserved throughout the postnatal ontogeny in T. terrestris, so class Y was remarkably similar to class A in overall shape, with the most significant changes localized in the masticatory apparatus, specifically the maxillary tuber as a support of the large-sized permanent postcanine dentition, and correlated changes in diastemata, mandibular body, and sagittal and nuchal crests. In the nasal region, ontogenetic remodeling affected the space for the meatal diverticulum and the surfaces for the origin of the proboscis musculature. Overall, ontogenetic trajectories exhibited more negative allometric components in T. indicus than in T. terrestris, and they shared 47.83% of allometric trends. Tapirus indicus differed most significantly from T. terrestris in the allometry of postcanine toothrows, diastemata and mandibular body. Thus, some allometric trends seem to be highly conserved among the species studied, and the changes observed showed a strong functional and likely adaptive basis in this lineage of ungulates. © 2017 Anatomical Society.

  4. A reexamination of the Carnivora malleus (Mammalia, Placentalia.

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    John R Wible

    Full Text Available Authoritative anatomical references depict domestic dogs and cats as having a malleus with a short rostral (anterior process that is connected via a ligament to the ectotympanic of the auditory bulla. Similar mallei have been reported for representatives of each of the 15 extant families of Carnivora, the placental order containing dogs and cats. This morphology is in contrast to a malleus with a long rostral process anchored to the ectotympanic that is considered to be primitive for mammals. Our reexamination of extant carnivorans found representatives from 12 families that possess an elongate rostral process anchored to the ectotympanic. Consequently, the malleus also is a component of the bulla. In a subset of our carnivoran sample, we confirmed that the elongate rostral process on the ectotympanic is continuous with the rest of the malleus through a thin osseous lamina. This morphology is reconstructed as primitive for Carnivora. Prior inaccurate descriptions of the taxa in our sample having mallei continuous with the bulla were based on damaged mallei. In addition to coupling to the ectotympanic, the rostral process of the malleus was found to have a hook-like process that fits in a facet on the skull base in representatives from seven families (felids, nandiniids, viverrids, canids, ursids, procyonids, and mustelids; its occurrence in the remaining families could not be ascertained. This feature is named herein the mallear hook and is likewise reconstructed to be primitive for Carnivora. We also investigated mallei in one additional placental order reported to have mallei not connected to the ectotympanic, Pholidota (pangolins, the extant sister group of Carnivora. We found pholidotans to also have anchored mallei with long rostral processes, but lacking mallear hooks. In light of our results, other mammals previously reported to have short rostral processes should be reexamined.

  5. O arquipélago “literopintado”: escritura literária de autoria feminina em Cabo Verde

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    Simone Caputo Gomes

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Este artigo tem por objetivo estudar a representação de Cabo Verde pela literatura de autoria feminina, que retrata – lê, pinta, desenha, esculpe, escreve, imagina – suas belas paisagens, seu cotidiano popular, seus perfis de mulher, sua riqueza cultural.Palavras-chave: Literatura feminina; Cabo Verde; Representação cultural.

  6. Para volver a ser

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    ARTURO GUERRERO

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available ¿Cómo salir de la explotación al prójimo, de la lucha a muerte entre los semejantes, del penoso destino de la violencia, de la desigualdad en el goce de los cuerpos, de los objetos, de las personas, de la riqueza, de la naturaleza? si se parte de que el l

  7. Methods for High-throughput Characterisation of Environmental DNA

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Andersen, Kenneth

    This PhD thesis examines the potential of describing biodiversity of green plants (Viridiplantae), birds (Aves) and mammals (Mammalia), in the context of next-generation sequencing, from the DNA that all organisms segregate into the environment (eDNA). The research is based on case studies...... of species assemblages described by eDNA recovered from contemporary surface soil and Holocene sediment sequences, to assess the accuracy and limitations of the approach. Biodiversity incorporates two aspects of ecological communities, including both the taxonomic richness and abundance of individual taxa...... inhibition. In chapter four, alternative DNA extraction protocols and pipelines for characterising plant eDNA are tested on samples from contrasting environments including modern, Holocene and Pleistocene sediment samples. These results are compared to pollen and macrofossil records described from earlier...

  8. Adult and offspring size in the ocean over 17 orders of magnitude follows two life history strategies

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Neuheimer, Anna; Hartvig, Martin; Heuschele, Jan

    2015-01-01

    is observed along with variability in physical and biological forcing factors in space and time. We compiled adult and offspring size for 407 pelagic marine species covering more than 17 orders of magnitude in body mass including Cephalopoda, Cnidaria, Crustaceans, Ctenophora, Elasmobranchii, Mammalia...... discuss where these two strategies occur and how these patterns (along with the relative size of the offspring) may be shaped by physical and biological constraints in the organism’s environment. This adaptive environment along with the evolutionary history of the different groups shape observed life......Explaining variability in offspring vs. adult size among groups is a necessary step to determine the evolutionary and environmental constraints shaping variability in life history strategies. This is of particular interest for life in the ocean where a diversity of offspring development strategies...

  9. Molecular fundamentals of chromosomal mutagenesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ganassi, E.Eh.; Zaichkina, S.I.; Malakhova, L.V.

    1987-01-01

    Precise quantitative correlation between the yield of chromosome structure damages and the yield of DNA damages is shown when comparing data on molecular and cytogenetic investigations carried out in cultural Mammalia cells. As the chromosome structure damage is to be connected with the damage of its carcass structure, then it is natural that DNA damage in loop regions is not to affect considerably the structure, while DNA damage lying on the loop base and connected with the chromosome carcass is to play a determining role in chromosomal mutagenesis. This DNA constitutes 1-2% from the total quantity of nuclear DNA. If one accepts that damages of these regions of DNA are ''hot'' points of chromosomal mutagenesis, then it becomes clear why 1-2% of preparation damages in a cell are realized in chromosome structural damages

  10. Phylogenetic analysis at deep timescales: unreliable gene trees, bypassed hidden support, and the coalescence/concatalescence conundrum.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gatesy, John; Springer, Mark S

    2014-11-01

    Large datasets are required to solve difficult phylogenetic problems that are deep in the Tree of Life. Currently, two divergent systematic methods are commonly applied to such datasets: the traditional supermatrix approach (= concatenation) and "shortcut" coalescence (= coalescence methods wherein gene trees and the species tree are not co-estimated). When applied to ancient clades, these contrasting frameworks often produce congruent results, but in recent phylogenetic analyses of Placentalia (placental mammals), this is not the case. A recent series of papers has alternatively disputed and defended the utility of shortcut coalescence methods at deep phylogenetic scales. Here, we examine this exchange in the context of published phylogenomic data from Mammalia; in particular we explore two critical issues - the delimitation of data partitions ("genes") in coalescence analysis and hidden support that emerges with the combination of such partitions in phylogenetic studies. Hidden support - increased support for a clade in combined analysis of all data partitions relative to the support evident in separate analyses of the various data partitions, is a hallmark of the supermatrix approach and a primary rationale for concatenating all characters into a single matrix. In the most extreme cases of hidden support, relationships that are contradicted by all gene trees are supported when all of the genes are analyzed together. A valid fear is that shortcut coalescence methods might bypass or distort character support that is hidden in individual loci because small gene fragments are analyzed in isolation. Given the extensive systematic database for Mammalia, the assumptions and applicability of shortcut coalescence methods can be assessed with rigor to complement a small but growing body of simulation work that has directly compared these methods to concatenation. We document several remarkable cases of hidden support in both supermatrix and coalescence paradigms and argue

  11. Patrones de distribución geográfica de los mamíferos de Jalisco, México Mammal geographic distribution patterns in Jalisco State, Mexico

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    Ismael Ramos-Vizcaíno

    2007-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analizaron los patrones de distribución de la riqueza de mamíferos en el estado de Jalisco y sus relaciones con algunos factores ambientales. Se obtuvo información de registros de mamíferos de Jalisco de diferentes colecciones biológicas nacionales y extranjeras. Se utilizaron las localidades de recolecta para realizar una cobertura de puntos. El estado se dividió en 159 unidades de clasificación geográfica (UCG´s de 15' por 15'. Se sobrepuso la cobertura de puntos, las UCG y algunos mapas de CONABIO para formar una matriz de presencia-ausencia. Se analizó la distribución de la riqueza por tipo de vegetación y altitud. Se observó un gradiente de riqueza que va desde las zonas tropicales hasta las semiáridas. Por altitud, la mayor riqueza se encontró entre los 1500 y 2000 m y la menor de los 4000 a 4500 m. Se aplicó una ordenación de Bray-Curtis y una clasificación con TWINSPAN. Ambas fueron consistentes en formar 2 grupos de mamíferos; uno con especies de la costa y el otro del noreste del estado, lo que refleja un gradiente climático. El porcentaje de variación acumulada fue del 94% y las variables del medio con mayor influencia fueron precipitación, temperatura, evaporación, altitud y vegetación.We analyzed the patterns of distribution of mammal species richness in Jalisco State and their relationships with some environmental factors. We retrieved distribution data from several national and foreign biological collections. We used the collecting localities to generate a spatial record of distribution points. The state was divided into 159 geographic units of classification (GUC's of 15' by 15'. We overlap the point cover, GUCs and some maps from CONABIO to create a presence-absence matrix. We analyzed the richness distribution by vegetation type and elevation. A richness gradient was observed from tropical to semiarid vegetation types and according to elevation; we observed higher richness between 1500 and 2000 m a. s

  12. Cabinet of Curiosities: Venom Systems and Their Ecological Function in Mammals, with a Focus on Primates.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rode-Margono, Johanna E; Nekaris, K Anne-Isola

    2015-07-17

    Venom delivery systems (VDS) are common in the animal kingdom, but rare amongst mammals. New definitions of venom allow us to reconsider its diversity amongst mammals by reviewing the VDS of Chiroptera, Eulipotyphla, Monotremata, and Primates. All orders use modified anterior dentition as the venom delivery apparatus, except Monotremata, which possesses a crural system. The venom gland in most taxa is a modified submaxillary salivary gland. In Primates, the saliva is activated when combined with brachial gland exudate. In Monotremata, the crural spur contains the venom duct. Venom functions include feeding, intraspecific competition, anti-predator defense and parasite defense. Including mammals in discussion of venom evolution could prove vital in our understanding protein functioning in mammals and provide a new avenue for biomedical and therapeutic applications and drug discovery.

  13. Ectoparasites of the occult bat, Myotis occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

    Science.gov (United States)

    Valdez, Ernest W.; Ritzi, Christopher M.; Whitaker, John O.

    2009-01-01

    Only a single previous study has examined ectoparasites of the occult bat (Myotis occultus), from which only 2 species of fleas were identified. For our study, we examined 202 individuals, 52 fresh hosts and 150 museum specimens, from New Mexico and southern Colorado for ectoparasites. We recorded 2158 ectoparasites, 634 from fresh hosts and 1524 from museum specimens. Ectoparasites belonged to 10 families and 13 genera of insect or acari and represent new host and locality records. In general, ectoparasites collected from fresh hosts and museum specimens were represented by 4 major species of mite: Macronyssus crosbyi, Alabidocarpus calcaratus, Acanthophthirius lucifugus, and Alabidocarpus nr. eptesicus. From our study, we found fresh hosts to have significantly greater prevalence values for Myodopsylla gentilis (flea), Chiroptonyssus robustipes (mite), and Leptotrombidium myotis (chigger), whereas museum specimens had significantly greater prevalence values for A. calcaratus(mite) and A. nr. eptesicus (mite). There were no significant differences between prevalence values for 4 mites including M. crosbyi, A. lucifugus, Pteracarus nr. minutus, and Cryptonyssussp. Our study represents the only extensive study of ectoparasites on M. occultus and provides evidence for the importance of examining fresh hosts and museum specimens in future ectoparasite studies.

  14. Pericentric satellite DNA sequences in Pipistrellus pipistrellus (Vespertilionidae; Chiroptera).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Barragán, M J L; Martínez, S; Marchal, J A; Fernández, R; Bullejos, M; Díaz de la Guardia, R; Sánchez, A

    2003-09-01

    This paper reports the molecular and cytogenetic characterization of a HindIII family of satellite DNA in the bat species Pipistrellus pipistrellus. This satellite is organized in tandem repeats of 418 bp monomer units, and represents approximately 3% of the whole genome. The consensus sequence from five cloned monomer units has an A-T content of 62.20%. We have found differences in the ladder pattern of bands between two populations of the same species. These differences are probably because of the absence of the target sites for the HindIII enzyme in most monomer units of one population, but not in the other. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) localized the satellite DNA in the pericentromeric regions of all autosomes and the X chromosome, but it was absent from the Y chromosome. Digestion of genomic DNAs with HpaII and its isoschizomer MspI demonstrated that these repetitive DNA sequences are not methylated. Other bat species were tested for the presence of this repetitive DNA. It was absent in five Vespertilionidae and one Rhinolophidae species, indicating that it could be a species/genus specific, repetitive DNA family.

  15. A new species of Rhinolophus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from China.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Yi; Thong, Vu Dinh

    2011-03-01

    A new species of the genus Rhinolophus is described from Yunnan Province, southwestern China. The new taxon belongs to the Rhinolophus "philippinensis-group" and is distinguished by differences in the nose-leaf structures, craniodental characteristics, and bacular features.

  16. Bird diversity and conservation of Alto Balsas (Southwestern Puebla, Mexico

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    Jorge E Ramírez-Albores

    2007-03-01

    Full Text Available Knowledge of the composition of the bird community in Alto Balsas (southwestern Puebla, Central Mexico is needed for management programs aiming at protection and conservation of bird species and their habitats I studied sites with tropical deciduous forest. Data were obtained during 1666 hours of field work in 238 days from March 1998 to September 2000. Six permanent transect (3.5 km long and 100 m wide; 30 to 40 ha in each transect were used to determine species richness in the study sites. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was calculated for each site and Sorensen’s index was used to assess similarity between sites. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for differences between sites in species richness and diversity values. A total of 128 species were recorded, Tepexco (n = 75, H´= 3.76 and Puente Márquez (n = 61, H´= 3.62 were the sites that showed the greatest specific richness and diversity. However, species richness and diversity seasonally patterns were similar among sites (ANOVA p > 0.05, with highest diversity during the rainy season. Most species were resident; 42 were migrants. The avifauna was represented by 30 species associated with tropical deciduous forest and 12 from open habitats or heavily altered habitats. Insectivores were the best represented trophic category, followed by carnivores and omnivores. Rev. Biol. Trop. 55 (1: 287-300. Epub 2007 March. 31.Este estudio describe la diversidad avifaunística en sitios del Alto Balsas (suroeste de Puebla en el Centro de México y examina la variación en la diversidad de las especies de aves. El estudio fue llevado a cabo en sitios con presencia de bosque tropical caducifolio. Los datos fueron obtenidos durante 1666 horas de trabajo de campo en 238 días de Marzo 1998 a Septiembre 2000. Se realizaron seis transectos permanentes (de 3.5 km de longitud y 100 m de ancho; de 30 a 40 ha en cada transecto para determinar la riqueza de especies en los sitios de estudio. Se

  17. A diversidade inventarial de Coleoptera (Insecta em uma paisagem antropizada do Bioma Araucária The inventory diversity of Coleoptera (Insecta of an anthropized landscape in the Biome Araucaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Norma G. Ganho

    2005-12-01

    Full Text Available Como parte do Projeto PROVIVE, foram analisadas a riqueza de espécies, a composição taxonômica, a proporção de espécies raras e a constância taxonômica ao nível de família relacionada à riqueza de espécies, em comunidades de Coleoptera, em Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de coletas através de armadilha malaise no estrato do sub-bosque de cinco áreas com diferentes graus de intervenção antrópica, de setembro de 1999 a agosto de 2000. As 52 semanas de amostragem nas cinco áreas resultaram na coleta de 10.822 indivíduos de 1659 espécies. Todas as áreas apresentaram alta riqueza de espécies e diversidade, como indicado por vários índices. A área em estágio mais avançado de sucessão vegetal foi menos rica do que aquelas em estágio inicial/intermediária. De acordo com diferentes estimadores de riqueza de espécies, o número de espécies coletadas poderia aumentar de 22-123% com o aumento do esforço de coleta. As áreas menos conservadas foram mais ricas em espécies raras ("singletons", "doubletons" e únicas do que as mais conservadas. Nas cinco áreas houve uma constância taxonômica entre as famílias mais ricas (Curculionidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Staphylinidae, Mordelidae, Elateridae, Scarabaeidae, Coccinellidae e Tenebrionidae envolvendo 60% do total de espécies, como observado para a abundância de indivíduos. A existência de um padrão de constância taxonômica de famílias, quando considerados 60% da riqueza de espécies e/ou de abundância de indivíduos por local, poderá tornar mais fácil e rápido o estudo de comunidades de Coleoptera, habilitando a ordem a ser um táxon indicador de condições ambientais de áreas florestadas.The species richness, taxonomic composition, rare species, and taxonomic constancy at family level were studied in communities of Coleoptera in Vila Velha, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, as part of PROVIVE project. The data were gathered

  18. Las ericáceas de la vertiente pacífica de Nariño, Colombia

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    Nelson R. Salinas

    2005-01-01

    La mayor riqueza de especies y endemismos se presentó entre 1.000 y 1.600 m de altitud, con 45 especies. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la vertiente pacífica del departamento de Nariño, Colombia, es la región de América con mayor número de especies de ericáceas por unidad de área.

  19. Evaluación del conocimiento florístico de la cordillera Cantábrica (España a partir de bases de datos de biodiversidad

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    Jiménez-Alfaro, B.

    2009-12-01

    un requisito fundamental para la conservación de cualquier región, y las bases de datos biológicas representan una herramienta básica para la estimación de medidas de diversidad. Sin embargo, muchas regiones biogeográficas fragmentadas administrativamente suelen estar caracterizadas por bases de datos heterogéneas realizadas desde diferentes instituciones y a diferentes escalas. En este trabajo se evalúa el conocimiento florístico de plantas vasculares aportado por bases de datos regionales en la Cordillera Cantábrica (España. Se utilizaron los datos georeferenciados de bases de datos no superpuestas, provenientes de una colección de herbario y de un atlas completado con información bibliográfica, los cuales fueron comparados en función de los patrones temporales y espaciales (cuadrículas UTM de 10x10 km de riqueza florística, utilizando estimadores no paramétricos (ICE, Chao2, Jack1 y Jack2 para medir el grado de conocimiento que las bases de datos reflejan. Ambas fuentes fueron también comparadas con una base de datos nacional con información sobre todo el área de estudio. Las bases de datos regionales detectaron unos patrones similares de prospección histórica y espacial, y los valores de riqueza florística observada estuvieron altamente correlacionados con la base de datos nacional, si bien se detectó una elevada heterogeneidad en la riqueza conocida por UTM. Las estimaciones de riqueza florística indicaron que ambas bases de datos están incompletas, aunque permitieron realizar una estimación de la riqueza total de la Cordillera Cantábrica (en torno a 3590 especies y subespecies. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que bases de datos incompletas, parciales y de diferente naturaleza pueden aportar información similar para la detección de áreas poco prospectadas, aunque la incorporación de referencias bibliográficas a las bases de datos de herbarios puede ofrecer mejores estimaciones de riqueza florística. Sin embargo, una valoraci

  20. Variación de parámetros de calidad del grano y aceite de girasol almacenado a diferentes humedades relativas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Motta, A.

    1991-10-01

    Full Text Available Commercial samples of sunflower were exposed to different relative humidities (75%, 80%, 84%, 92% and 98% for two months. In addition to the kinetic rehydratation in standard and treated samples, the following parameters were measured: humidity, fat content, germinative power, acidity index, iodine number and fatty acids composition. Fatty acids composition, iodine number and fat content, did not change significantly. Only the acidity index and the germinative power were an index of the damage.

    Muestras comerciales de girasol fueron sometidas a distintas humedades relativas ambiente (75%, 80%, 84%, 92% y 98% durante dos meses. Además de la rehidratación cinética, en las muestras testigos y tratadas, se midieron los siguientes parámetros: humedad, riqueza grasa, poder germinativo, índice de acidez, índice de iodo y composición en ácidos grasos. La composición en ácidos grasos, el índice de iodo y la riqueza grasa no sufrieron variaciones significativas. Los parámetros más sensibles que pusieron en evidencia el deterioro fueron el índice de acidez y el poder germinativo.

  1. Diversidad de Psocoptera (Insecta: Psocodea en el Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona (Océano Pacífico, Colombia

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    Fabio Sarria-S.

    2014-02-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo establecer la diversidad de Psocoptera en cuatro hábitats (Playas, Poblado, Senderos y Estratos arbóreos del Parque Nacional Natural Gorgona, Colombia. Se realizaron dos campañas de recolecta durante los meses de noviembre de 2009 y octubre de 2010, con un total de 30 horas/hombre. Se revisó además el material de artrópodos arbóreos del muestreo realizado en el parque en noviembre de 2007, depositado en el Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle (MUSENUV. Los especímenes recolectados en los cuatro sitios, se identificaron como mínimo a nivel de género, y posteriormente se cuantificaron para comparar la riqueza específica y diversidad entre los sitios. Aunque no hubo diferencia significativa en la diversidad estimada por el índice de Shannon-Wiener, se registró una alta riqueza de especies y abundancia para los hábitats “Playas” y “Poblado”. Se observó una tendencia de los Psocoptera del PNN Gorgona a ocupar espacios donde la cubierta vegetal es baja.

  2. Manifestaciones del poder femenino en la vida colegial

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    María Daría SAAVEDRA GUERRERO

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: Cuando queremos conocer la vida de las antiguas mujeres romanas tenemos distintos modos de aproximarnos al tema, uno de ellos es indagar acerca del poder femenino en relación con los collegia. Esto nos da una imagen poco frecuente pero directamente unida a la riqueza. La emancipación de la mujer va asociada al control del dinero, cuando las mujeres lo tienen pueden eludir algunos problemas que les impiden tener una vida activa en la ciudad. Poder y riqueza van intimamente unidas en la antigua sociedad romana. Aquí mostramos algunas de esas manifestaciones. SUMMARY: When we want to know lives of ancient roman women we have many ways to do it. One of that is to research about femenin power in relatin with collegia. This give us a imagine few frecuent but directly united to wealth. The women emancipation is joined to money control, when women have it, they can elude some troubles that they impede them to have a active life in their cities. Power and wealth go inestrically united in ancient roman society so, we desire to watch some of these manifestations.

  3. En el quinto infierno o ‘detrás de la espalda de dios’: fraseología Española y Eslovena

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    Mojca Jesenovec

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available A pesar de la riqueza y tradición del español, los estudios lexicológicos y lexicográficos no son muy abundantes, y lo mismo podría decirse también del campo lexicológico y lexicográfico esloveno. Ninguna de las dos lenguas dispone de un diccionario fraseológico, como existen p. ej. para el inglés, el francés o el checo. La única manera para estudiar el vasto campo de la fraseología es consultar los diccionarios de uso, pero éstos nunca ofrecen toda la riqueza de las expresiones de una lengua, cuyo significado es bastante diferente de la suma de los significados de sus componentes. Se puede optar por buscar las unidades fraseológicas en los textos auténticos, lo que por una parte exige un trabajo sistemático durante mucho tiempo, y por otro lado es una tarea que solamente la pueden cumplir los hablantes nativos, ya que un hablante no nativo no siempre es capaz de reconocer estas unidades tan particulares de una lengua.

  4. Guaviare: Reencontrando Espacios e Identidades (pág. 216-223

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    Cristian Alexis Gil Ruiz

    2010-07-01

    Full Text Available La riqueza colombiana está en las selvas, claro, la faunística y florística que enluce a nuestro querido país, a continuación les mostraré rasgos de esa riqueza encontrada en el departamento del Guaviare, más exactamente en la vereda cerro azul, en un sitio llamado Cerro pinturas y que es un patrimonio cultural y arqueológico del departamento, espacios como hay en muchos escenarios de Colombia , que es un país hermoso, con varios sitios que no se han visitado, y que son dignos de ver, es triste que como estudiantes, como docentes en formación y más que todo, como colombianos, nos estemos perdiendo estas oportunidades. Además de ello debe entenderse al docente como un sujeto no sólo educativo, también es un sujeto con vocación social, política y cultural y que sea como sea, es un ciudadano y nunca dejara de serlo, así que como docentes es nuestro deber apropiarnos de sitios como éste y educar para que sean admirados, protegidos y sobre todo respetados.

  5. Vertebrate fauna of the Roman period, migrations period and Medieval period in Vojvodina (Serbia

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    Radmanović Darko P.

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Based on current published and unpublished research results, a total of 16 vertebrate species members of mammal (Mammalia, bird (Aves and osteichthyes (Osteichthyes classes have been registered at 11 archaeological sites from the Roman Period in Vojvodina. Mammals dominate with 12 species and one genus, birds are present with 3 species, and osteichthyes with one. From the Migration Period, at 9 sites, 22 vertebrate species have been registered, of which 13 species and one genus of mammals, 4 species and one genus of birds, and 5 species from the Osteichthyes class. At 8 sites from the Medieval Period, 16 vertebrate species have been registered. Mammals are the most numerous class with 10 species and one genus, while birds are present with 4 species and one genus. Furthermore, two species of osteichthyes have also been registered.

  6. Medidas de la felicidad nacional bruta

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    R. Veenhoven (Ruut)

    2009-01-01

    textabstractResumen. La felicidad está abriéndose hueco en la agenda política, lo cual reclama medir el éxito alcanzado por los distintos países en crear felicidad para un gran número de personas, de un modo análogo a las medidas del éxito en la creación de riqueza, como el PNB. La felicidad se

  7. Redescription and taxonomical considerations about Aonchotheca (Aonchotheca pulchra n. comb. (Enoplida: Trichuridae, a nematode of Nyctinomops spp.

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    Daniel Fontana Ferreira Cardia

    Full Text Available Pterothominx pulchra (Freitas, 1934 are little known gastric nematodes of Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae. Information about the occurrence and host range of these parasites in Neotropical region is still scanty, and the only two morphological descriptions available in the literature are divergent about the presence or absence of a spiny spicular sheath in males, which may lead to incorrect taxonomical positioning, since this feature represents the main difference between the genera Pterothominx and Aonchotheca. Based on the absence of this morphological feature in specimens of this nematode obtained from N. laticaudatus and Nyctinomops macrotis bats captured in two municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, the present study reclassifies the aforementioned species in the genus Aonchotheca and allocates it to the subgenus Aonchotheca. Additional morphometric data and new host and locality records are also provided.

  8. Análise faunística das formigas epígeas (Hymenoptera, Formicidae em campo nativo no Planalto das Araucárias, Rio Grande do Sul Faunal analysis of epigaeic ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae in native fields of the Planalto das Araucárias, State of Rio Grande do Sul

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    Emília Zoppas de Albuquerque

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudo descreve a riqueza, a composição e o padrão de ocorrência de formigas epígeas em ambiente de campo nativo. As coletas foram realizadas em oito parcelas de campo, nas quais foram traçados dois transectos de 100 m, espaçados entre si cerca de 50 m. Ao longo dos transectos, a cada dez metros, foram instaladas armadilhas de solo e iscas de sardinha, a intervalos de dois metros, totalizando 20 iscas e 20 armadilhas por parcela. Coletas adicionais foram realizadas por captura manual das formigas encontradas no solo. No total foram coletadas 32 espécies de formigas epígeas, distribuídas em 16 gêneros, 12 tribos e cinco subfamílias. Comparando-se as riquezas observadas com os valores da riqueza estimada, tanto para as armadilhas como para as iscas, os números de espécies coletadas representaram, respectivamente, 79,4% e 69,4% da comunidade total estimada. Uma espécie da subfamília Formicinae, Acropyga goeldii foi registrada pela primeira vez para o Rio Grande do Sul.This paper describes the richness, composition and occurrence patterns of the epigaeic ants in native field areas. Eight field plots were sampled, in which two 100 m transects, distanced 50 m from each other, were traced. Along those transects, at every 10 m, pitfalls and sardine baits at intervals of two meters, were installed totalizing 20 pitfalls and 20 baits per plot. Additional collecting was performed by manual ant capture on the ground. In total 32 species of epigaeic ants were collected, distributed in 16 genera, 12 tribes and five subfamilies. By comparing the observed richness with the estimated richness for pitfalls as well as for baits, the numbers of collected species represented, respectively, 79.4% and 69.4% of the total estimated community. One species of the Formicinae subfamily, Acropyga goeldii, has been recorded for the first time in Rio Grande do Sul.

  9. Littoral Decapods of Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico

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    Silvia Mille-Pagaza

    2003-03-01

    Full Text Available Decapod community inhabiting the rocky littoral of eight bays from Socorro island, Revillagigedo Archipelago, was studied during March 1992. Samples were collected from one-square meter plots placed following transects drawn perpendicularly to the shoreline along the intertidal zone. Species richness and abundance were determined in each bay, as well as the similarity between bays using Morisita’s index. Organisms collected belong to six families, 20 genera and 26 species of the Brachyura and Anomura infraorders. Xanthidae was the family with the highest number of species, and the highest species richness was recorded at the V. Lozano bay. Pachygrapsus transversus, Xanthodius cooksoni and Calcinus explorator were the most abundant species in nearly all localities. Dendrogram obtained define two groups of bays at a similarity level above 0.67, given the similarity in the crab’s species richness and their abundance between bays in the island.Se estudió la comunidad de cangrejos del litoral rocoso de ocho bahías de la Isla Socorro, Archipiélago Revillagigedo en marzo de 1992. Las muestras fueron colectadas en cuadrantes de un m² a lo largo de transectos perpendiculares a la costa en la zona intermareal. Se determinó la riqueza específica, la abundancia por especie para cada bahía, así como la similitud entre bahías mediante el índice de Morisita. Los organismos colectados pertenecen a seis familias, 20 géneros y 26 especies de los infraordenes Brachyura y Anomura. La familia con el mayor número de especies fue Xanthidae y la mayor riqueza específica se registró en la bahía V. Lozano. Pachygrapsus transversus, Xanthodius cooksoni y Calcinus explorator fueron las más abundantes en casi todas las localidades. En el dendrograma se definen dos agrupaciones con nivel de similitud superior a 0.67, dada la semejanza en la riqueza específica de cangrejos y las abundancias entre las bahías.

  10. Composição e estrutura da comunidade de peixes de um afluente do rio Tietê, bacia do Alto rio Paraná.

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    Jane Piton Serra

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available A América do Sul contém a mais rica e variada ictiofauna de água doce do mundo, porém, muito dessa diversidade ainda é desconhecida, tanto na sua composição, quanto em aspectos ecológicos, biológicos e taxonômicos. Essa riqueza, entretanto tem sido afetada pelas alterações antrópicas dos ambientes naturais. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar a composição e estrutura da ictiofauna do ribeirão Borá, afluente do rio Cubatão, drenagem do rio Tietê, bacia do alto rio Paraná. O local estudado foi um trecho de quinta ordem e aproximadamente 80 m de extensão do ribeirão, localizado no município de Nova Aliança, São Paulo. O ribeirão Borá apresenta características de ambiente antropizado, como pouca vegetação marginal e pontos poucos profundos com sedimento predominantemente arenoso. Foram realizadas 10 coletadas diurnas entre Novembro de 2002 e Março de 2004. O tempo de coleta e os equipamentos utilizados foram padronizados. Foram coletadas 41 espécies de peixes, pertencentes a 15 famílias e cinco ordens, totalizando 1.459 exemplares. A ordem Characiformes apresentou maior riqueza, seguida por Siluriformes. A família Characidae foi a mais rica, seguida por Loricariidae e Cichlidae. Os maiores valores para riqueza e abundância foram encontrados na estação chuvosa. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho constituem uma forma importante de conhecimento da ictiofauna e reforçam a importância de estudos sobre a composição e estrutura das comunidades de peixes, tanto em ambientes ainda não modificados, quanto naqueles com intenso processo de degradação, como subsídio para conservação e recuperação dos ambientes aquáticos.

  11. Macrofauna edáfica e sua interação com atributos químicos e físicos do solo sob diferentes sistemas de manejo = Edaphic macrofauna and its interaction with the soil's chemical and physical properties under different management systems

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    Marlene Estevão Marchetti

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available O presente trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a macrofauna edáfica sob diferentes sistemas de uso do solo. Avaliaram-se os sistemas: plantio convencional, plantio direto, pastagem contínua, integração lavoura-pecuária, eucalipto e vegetação nativa. As amostragens foram realizadas em cinco pontos em cada sistema, ao longo de um transecto.Os organismos foram extraídos manualmente e identificados em nível de grandes grupos taxonômicos. A vegetação nativa apresentou uma maior riqueza de grupos da comunidade da macrofauna edáfica em comparação aos sistemas conduzidos em monocultivos e/ou com alta intensidade de revolvimento do solo. Entre os sistemas cultivados, a maior densidade de organismos da macrofauna edáfica ocorreu nos sistemas sob integração lavoura/pecuária e em pastagem cultivada continuamente. A densidade total de indivíduos e a riqueza de grupos da macrofauna não foram influenciadas pelos atributos físicos do solo. Em relaçãoaos atributos químicos, apenas a riqueza de grupos se correlacionou com algumas propriedades.This work aimed to evaluate edaphic macrofauna under different soil use systems. Two systems were evaluated: conventional system, no-till, continuous grazing, crop-cattle integration, eucalyptus andnative vegetation. Sampling was carried out in five points at one transect per system. Organisms were manually extracted and identified to the level of broad taxonomic groups. Native vegetation did show the highest variety of edaphic macrofauna groups when compared to monocultures and/or high intensity of soil tillage. Among cropped systems, the highest density of edaphic macrofauna organisms was observed in crop-cattle integration and continuous grazing systems. The total density of individuals and the macrofauna group richness were not influenced by soil physical attributes. Regarding to chemical attributes, only the group richness was correlated to some of such proprieties.

  12. Patrones de variación espacial y temporal de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos en la Laguna de Tecocomulco, Hidalgo (México

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    Axel Eduardo Rico-Sánchez

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available La Laguna de Tecocomulco (Hidalgo es un relicto de los antiguos Lagos del Anáhuac con suma importancia para la conservación de aves acuáticas. No obstante, se desconoce su composición de macroinvertebrados. En el presente estudio se analizaron las variaciones espaciales y temporales de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos de la laguna. Se realizaron cuatro campañas de monitoreo (lluvias y estiaje. Se estudiaron seis sitios (litorales y en interior de la laguna, se registraron factores ambientales, se determinaron parámetros de calidad del agua y se recolectaron macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Se obtuvo la riqueza de familias y se calculó su Índice de Valor de Importancia. Se realizaron análisis multivariados de ordenación por componentes principales (ACP con base en sus características físicas y químicas y de similitud entre sitios y familias con los índices de Jaccard y Bray-Curtis. Tambien se hizo un análisis de correspondencias canónicas (ACC de factores ambientales y macroinvertebrados acuáticos y macrófitas. El ACP mostró la variación estacional, con el período cálido (mayo y agosto y el periodo frío (noviembre y enero mostrando altos valores de conductividad, alcalinidad, dureza, sulfatos y macronutrientes (N y P. Se encontraron 26 familias de macroinvertebrados, con la máxima riqueza en agosto. El análisis de similitud de Jaccard diferenció los sitios litorales por su mayor riqueza de familias de la zona limnética, mismos que presentan diferencias en la composición de macrófitas. El estudio revela que la Laguna de Tecocomulco tiene variaciones espaciales y temporales relacionadas tanto con factores ambientales como bióticos con la presencia de grupos dominantes. En ese sentido, y considerando su diversidad de macroinvertebrados, la Laguna de Tecocomulco debe ser sujeta a un plan de conservación y manejo.

  13. ¿La práctica de la siembra directa en cultivos de soja favorece las poblaciones de acridios (Orthoptera: Acrididae en el partido de Benito Juárez? Does the direct tillage practice in soybean crops favour grasshopper populations (Orthoptera: Acrididae, in Benito Juárez county?

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    Daniel Scuffi

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Considerando el desarrollo del cultivo de soja en siembra directa en el partido de Benito Juárez, y que algunos autores sostienen que esta práctica favorece los acridios, se evaluó la riqueza de especies y la abundancia en soja con siembra directa y convencional. Se registraron siete especies (Aleuas lineatus Stål, Covasacris pallidinota (Bruner, Baeacris pseudopunctulatus (Ronderos, Dichroplus elongatus Giglio-Tos, Dichroplus maculipennis (Blanchard, Dichroplus pratensis Bruner y Scotussa lemniscata (Stål. La riqueza de especies acumulada en los diferentes cultivos fue similar (p> 0,05. En soja de primera con siembra directa, se registraron 2,3 ± 0,19 especies, en soja de primera con siembra convencional 1,45 ± 0,15 especies y en soja de segunda con siembra directa 2,25 ± 0,28 especies. Dichroplus elongatus fue la especie más abundante en todos los cultivos y en todos los momentos. Las restantes presentaron baja abundancia y se registraron en algunos momentos. No existió diferencia (p> 0,05 en la abundancia de tucuras entre los cultivos y en las diferentes fechas de muestreo. La baja riqueza de especies registrada estaría relacionada con la baja diversidad vegetal de los cultivos. Este estudio no mostró diferencias en la abundancia y riqueza de especies de acuerdo a la labranza utilizada.Considering the development of the soybean crops using direct tillage in Benito Juárez county, and taking into account that for some authors this practice favours the grasshopper populations, the abundance and species richness in soybean with direct and conventional tillage were evaluated. Seven species were registered (Aleuas lineatus Stål, Covasacris pallidinota (Bruner, Baeacris pseudopunctulatus (Ronderos, Dichroplus elongatus Giglio-Tos, Dichroplus maculipennis (Blanchard, Dichroplus pratensis Bruner and Scotussa lemniscata (Stål. The accumulated richness was similar (p> 0.05, along the different crops; 2.3 ± 0.19 species were registered in

  14. Distribuição de Carabidae e Staphylinidae em agroecossistemas Distribution of Carabidae and Staphylinidae in agroecosystems

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    Francisco Jorge Cividanes

    2008-02-01

    Full Text Available O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a distribuição da riqueza de espécies e a preferência pelo habitat de Carabidae e Staphylinidae (Coleoptera, em áreas com rotação de soja e milho, em plantio direto e convencional, e em áreas adjacentes a estas com fragmento florestal e povoamento de pínus, respectivamente. Os besouros foram amostrados por meio de armadilhas de solo distribuídas em dois transectos de 100 m de comprimento. A distribuição da riqueza de espécies nas culturas, no fragmento florestal e no pínus foi avaliada por meio de análise de regressão linear. A análise de agrupamento foi empregada para identificar as espécies quanto à preferência pelos habitats: fragmento florestal, pínus, cultura e interface. A distribuição da riqueza de espécies de Carabidae e Staphylinidae não variou em relação à posição no transecto, enquanto a riqueza de espécies observada nas interfaces foi elevada em comparação com a encontrada nos demais habitats. A ocorrência de espécies de Carabidae diferiu conforme o tipo de cobertura vegetal: Megacephala sp. e Scarites sp. preferiram áreas cultivadas em sistema de rotação soja-milho; Odontochila nodicornis (Dejean preferiu o fragmento florestal e o povoamento de pínus. A espécie Abaris basistriatus Chaudoir caracterizou-se como generalista quanto à preferência pelo habitat.The objective of this work was to determine the distribution of species richness and habitat preference of Carabidae and Staphylinidae (Coleoptera in two areas cultivated with soybean/corn under no-tillage and conventional tillage systems and in adjacents areas with forest fragment and a Pinus stand, respectively. Beetles were sampled by pitfall traps which were distributed in two transects of 100 m. The distribution of species richness in the crops and forest fragment/Pinus was evaluated by regression analysis. Cluster analysis was used to identify species in relation to preference for the forest

  15. Culicidae (Insecta: Diptera em área de Floresta Atlântica, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i1.1411 Culicidae (Insecta: Diptera in areas of Atlantic Forest, Paraná State, Brazil - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v30i1.1411

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    Mario Antonio Navarro-Silva

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available A alteração da paisagem natural pode gerar mudanças que favorecem o desenvolvimento e proliferação de determinadas espécies de Culicidae, em detrimento de outras que se deslocam para outros locais ou são extintas. Baseando-se nestas mudanças, algumas espécies podem ser utilizadas como bioindicadores do grau de degradação ambiental. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a composição e riqueza de Culicidae, em dois ambientes em área de Floresta Atlântica, e avaliar se as espécies encontradas indicam o grau de preservação dos fragmentos estudados. As coletas foram realizadas em dois ambientes, denominados Carvalho e Trilha, em área de Floresta Atlântica (Mananciais da Serra, no Estado do Paraná - Brasil, nos meses de dezembro/2002 a maio/2003, utilizando-se um aspirador elétrico manual. Foram identificadas 48 espécies de 636 espécimes de Culicidae. A composição taxonômica e riqueza das espécies de Culicidae diferenciaram-se entre os ambientes estudados, provavelmente, influenciadas pelo estado de preservação dos fragmentos florestais. Os maiores valores de riqueza observados no Carvalho, assim como o predomínio das espécies da tribo Sabethini e Kerteszia sugerem reduzida ação antrópica neste fragmento florestal. De modo contrário, a composição das espécies e os menores valores de riqueza observadas na Trilha indicam grau alto de degradação ambientalModifications in the landscape can lead to the development and proliferation of some Culicidae species, in detriment of others. As a result, some species may be forced to move to other places or become locally extinct. Based on these changes, some species can be used as bioindicators of environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to assess Culicidae composition and richness in two Atlantic Forest sites (Carvalho and Trilha; State of Paraná, Brazil, and to evaluate whether they can be used as indicators of environmental degradation of these sites

  16. Culicidae (Insecta: Diptera em área de Floresta Atlântica, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil = Culicidae (Insecta: Diptera in areas of Atlantic Forest, Paraná State, Brazil

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    Adriana Félix do Anjos

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available A alteração da paisagem natural pode gerar mudanças que favorecem odesenvolvimento e proliferação de determinadas espécies de Culicidae, em detrimento de outras que se deslocam para outros locais ou são extintas. Baseando-se nestas mudanças, algumas espécies podem ser utilizadas como bioindicadores do grau de degradação ambiental. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a composição e riqueza deCulicidae, em dois ambientes em área de Floresta Atlântica, e avaliar se as espécies encontradas indicam o grau de preservação dos fragmentos estudados. As coletas foram realizadas em dois ambientes, denominados Carvalho e Trilha, em área de Floresta Atlântica(Mananciais da Serra, no Estado do Paraná - Brasil, nos meses de dezembro/2002 a maio/2003, utilizando-se um aspirador elétrico manual. Foram identificadas 48 espécies de 636 espécimes de Culicidae. A composição taxonômica e riqueza das espécies de Culicidaediferenciaram-se entre os ambientes estudados, provavelmente, influenciadas pelo estado de preservação dos fragmentos florestais. Os maiores valores de riqueza observados no Carvalho, assim como o predomínio das espécies da tribo Sabethini e Kerteszia sugeremreduzida ação antrópica neste fragmento florestal. De modo contrário, a composição das espécies e os menores valores de riqueza observadas na Trilha indicam grau alto de degradação ambiental.Modifications in the landscape can lead to the development and proliferation of some Culicidae species, in detriment of others. As a result, some species may be forced to move to other places or become locally extinct. Based on these changes, some species can beused as bioindicators of environmental degradation. The aim of this study was to assess Culicidae composition and richness in two Atlantic Forest sites (Carvalho and Trilha; State of Paraná, Brazil, and to evaluate whether they can be used as indicators of environmental degradation of these sites

  17. Mammalia, Rodentia, Sigmodontinae, Holochilus brasiliensis (Desmarest, 1819: Distribution extention

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    Formoso, A. E.

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available We report the southernmost record for the marsh rats Holochilus brasiliensis 20 km S of Pedro Luro on Hwy3, province of Buenos Aires, Argentina (39°41’31.13”S, 62°40’23.5”W extending the range of the species ca. 110 km S.This represents the first contemporaneous record of H. brasiliensis in Patagonia, and also the only species of sigmodontinerodent with amphibious habits reported in Patagonia.

  18. Early Eocene rodents (Mammalia) from the Subathu Formation of ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    1997a, b). Most of the rodents from this stratigraphic level have been referred to a rather diverse family Cha- pattimyidae ... Herein we describe a new early Eocene rodent assemblage .... thick zone of brownish red shales that occur as a ..... 1997b;. Plate 3, figure 31). ...... northwestern Pakistan and remarks on the collision.

  19. A phylogenetic estimate for golden moles (Mammalia, Afrotheria, Chrysochloridae

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    Bloomer Paulette

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Golden moles (Chrysochloridae are small, subterranean, afrotherian mammals from South Africa and neighboring regions. Of the 21 species now recognized, some (e.g., Chrysochloris asiatica, Amblysomus hottentotus are relatively common, whereas others (e.g., species of Chrysospalax, Cryptochloris, Neamblysomus are rare and endangered. Here, we use a combined analysis of partial sequences of the nuclear GHR gene and morphological characters to derive a phylogeny of species in the family Chrysochloridae. Results Although not all nodes of the combined analysis have high support values, the overall pattern of relationships obtained from different methods of phylogeny reconstruction allow us to make several recommendations regarding the current taxonomy of golden moles. We elevate Huetia to generic status to include the species leucorhinus and confirm the use of the Linnean binomial Carpitalpa arendsi, which belongs within Amblysominae along with Amblysomus and Neamblysomus. A second group, Chrysochlorinae, includes Chrysochloris, Cryptochloris, Huetia, Eremitalpa, Chrysospalax, and Calcochloris. Bayesian methods make chrysochlorines paraphyletic by placing the root within them, coinciding with root positions favored by a majority of randomly-generated outgroup taxa. Maximum Parsimony (MP places the root either between chrysochlorines and amblysomines (with Chlorotalpa as sister taxon to amblysomines, or at Chlorotalpa, with the former two groups reconstructed as monophyletic in all optimal MP trees. Conclusions The inclusion of additional genetic loci for this clade is important to confirm our taxonomic results and resolve the chrysochlorid root. Nevertheless, our optimal topologies support a division of chrysochlorids into amblysomines and chrysochlorines, with Chlorotalpa intermediate between the two. Furthermore, evolution of the chrysochlorid malleus exhibits homoplasy. The elongate malleus has evolved just once in the Cryptochloris-Chrysochloris group; other changes in shape have occurred at multiple nodes, regardless of how the root is resolved.

  20. A phylogenetic estimate for golden moles (Mammalia, Afrotheria, Chrysochloridae).

    Science.gov (United States)

    Asher, Robert J; Maree, Sarita; Bronner, Gary; Bennett, Nigel C; Bloomer, Paulette; Czechowski, Paul; Meyer, Matthias; Hofreiter, Michael

    2010-03-09

    Golden moles (Chrysochloridae) are small, subterranean, afrotherian mammals from South Africa and neighboring regions. Of the 21 species now recognized, some (e.g., Chrysochloris asiatica, Amblysomus hottentotus) are relatively common, whereas others (e.g., species of Chrysospalax, Cryptochloris, Neamblysomus) are rare and endangered. Here, we use a combined analysis of partial sequences of the nuclear GHR gene and morphological characters to derive a phylogeny of species in the family Chrysochloridae. Although not all nodes of the combined analysis have high support values, the overall pattern of relationships obtained from different methods of phylogeny reconstruction allow us to make several recommendations regarding the current taxonomy of golden moles. We elevate Huetia to generic status to include the species leucorhinus and confirm the use of the Linnean binomial Carpitalpa arendsi, which belongs within Amblysominae along with Amblysomus and Neamblysomus. A second group, Chrysochlorinae, includes Chrysochloris, Cryptochloris, Huetia, Eremitalpa, Chrysospalax, and Calcochloris. Bayesian methods make chrysochlorines paraphyletic by placing the root within them, coinciding with root positions favored by a majority of randomly-generated outgroup taxa. Maximum Parsimony (MP) places the root either between chrysochlorines and amblysomines (with Chlorotalpa as sister taxon to amblysomines), or at Chlorotalpa, with the former two groups reconstructed as monophyletic in all optimal MP trees. The inclusion of additional genetic loci for this clade is important to confirm our taxonomic results and resolve the chrysochlorid root. Nevertheless, our optimal topologies support a division of chrysochlorids into amblysomines and chrysochlorines, with Chlorotalpa intermediate between the two. Furthermore, evolution of the chrysochlorid malleus exhibits homoplasy. The elongate malleus has evolved just once in the Cryptochloris-Chrysochloris group; other changes in shape have occurred at multiple nodes, regardless of how the root is resolved.

  1. Debates presidenciales y calidad de la democracia. Análisis empírico normativo de los debates mexicanos de 2012

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martín Echeverría-Victoria

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Para que una democracia sea de calidad, el sistema político deberá asegurar la comprensión informada de los ciudadanos acerca de los asuntos públicos, para lo cual los debates presidenciales son mecanismos idóneos. A través de un análisis de contenido de los debates presidenciales mexicanos de 2012, hallamos evidencia de riqueza argumentativa, aunque con ciertos aspectos simplificadores.

  2. Iniciativa Empresarial y Desarrollo Económico: pensando el umbral de nuestras casas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Orlando Salinas Gómez

    1991-05-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN La vinculación de la  iniciativa empresarial con desarrollo económico  presupone que la utilización de la capacidad empresarial para emprender acciones productivas innovadoras debe estar ligada con los procesos de creación de empresas que contribuyan a incrementar la riqueza, aportar el crecimiento del PIB, generar valor agregado y propiciar el nacimiento de nuevos empleos productivos.

  3. Évora, Algumas Etapas Fundamentais na Evolução da Cidade até ao Século XVI

    OpenAIRE

    Simplício, Maria

    2006-01-01

    O presente artigo pretende sistematizar as etapas fundamentais da evolução urbana da cidade de Évora desde a sua fundação, em época pré-romana, até ao século XVI, durante o qual a cidade alcançou a sua época de maior riqueza e importância política, económica, cultural e artística.

  4. Para um ecumenismo cultural

    OpenAIRE

    Franco, José Eduardo

    2007-01-01

    O sonho de uma sociedade democrática quer local, quer nacional, quer mundial, passa necessariamente pelo desenvolvimento do ecumenismo cultural que valorize a singularidade, a riqueza e a dignidade da diversidade das culturas humanas. Feito o ecumenismo cultural, o ecumenismo religioso estará facilitado, se entendido como respeito e reconhecimento da dignidade do outro e não fusão ou anulação do outro

  5. Nuevos hallazgos de arte rupestre en el alto Duero

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Teógenes ORTEGO

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available La riqueza del importante foco de pinturas rupestres prehistóricas, descubiertas en agosto de 1951 en el monte Valonsadero, de Soria, va aumentando en extensión y variedad a medida que el tiempo nos permite nuevas exploraciones.Uno de los covachos con muestras de este arte, últimamente descubierto, se encuentra en el lugar denominado "Cuerda del Torilejo' de cuyo estudio anticipamos esta breve información.

  6. A new species of Lonchophylla Thomas (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Ecuador

    Science.gov (United States)

    Albuja V., Luis; Gardner, Alfred L.

    2005-01-01

    We describe Lonchophylla orcesi, sp. nov., from the Choco, a region of high biotic diversity, endemism, and rainfall along the western Andean slopes and Pacific lowlands of Colombia and Ecuador. One of the largest known Lonchophylla, it occurs sympatrically with at least two other species of Lonchophylla including the similar, but somewhat smaller L. robusta. We also recognize L. concava as a Middle American Province species distinct from L. mordax of Brazil and Bolivia on the basis of cranial and dental features.

  7. Epizoic fauna of Plecotus mexicanus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Tlaxcala, Mexico.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Morales-Malacara, J B; López, R

    1990-07-01

    Four hundred nineteen arthropod ectoparasites were taken from Plecotus mexicanus (Vespertilionidae) collected in the state of Tlaxcala, Mexico: the insects Trichobius corynorhini Cockerell (Diptera: Streblidae) and Myodopsylla collinsi Kohls (Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae) and the mites Macronyssus longisetosus (Furman) and M. unidens Radovsky (Macronyssidae), Spinturnix sp. (Spinturnicidae), Pteracarus elegans Dusbádek & Wilson and Acanthophthirius (Myotimyobia) sp. (Myobiidae), and Whartonia glenni Brennan (Trombiculidae). P. mexicanus is reported in the state of Tlaxcala for the first time. This is the first survey of ectoparasites of this bat, and all parasite associations with P. mexicanus are new host records as well as new range records for Tlaxcala. This is the first report from Mexico; it records a major southern extension of the ranges of M. longisetosus, M. unidens, and P. elegans. The genus Acanthophthirius is also reported in Mexico for the first time.

  8. [Key morphofunctional transformations in the evolution of chiropterans (Bats, Chiroptera)].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kovaleva, I M

    2014-01-01

    Study on the morphology and morphogenesis of wing membranes in Bats has revealed some peculiarities in their structure and development. Understanding the embryogenesis of these animals, as well as attraction of data obtained on their molecular genetics and paleontology, allows one to single out some factors that could have initiated evolutionary modifications in development programs. A scenario of the key morphofunctional transformations in the forelimbs during the evolution of chiropterans is given.

  9. Falco sparverius (Aves: Falconiformes preying upon Nyctinomops laticaudatus (Chiroptera: Molossidae

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    Ludmilla Moura de Souza Aguiar

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available In Brazil, there are two published references on the diet of American kestrel falcons, Falco sparverius Linnaeus, 1758, and one is for the Cerrado biome. The only mammal prey so far found in the diet of F. sparverius was the rodent Calomys tener (Winge, 1887. Herein we report on daily hunting activities by American kestrel falcons at a factory in the city of Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, during an attempt to remove a bat colony. Two American kestrel falcons were observed on 14 occasions during two consecutive days: in two of these occasions, they were hunting in pairs, from 12:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. on 06/X/2003, and from 07:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. on 07/X/2003. During this period, American kestrel falcons made 27 hunting attempts and captured four bats of the same species, Nyctinomops laticaudatus (E. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1805 (14.81% success. This report corroborates observations made in the Northern hemisphere, where bats are a dietary item of this falcon. Our findings are noteworthy because they reveal that the known natural predators of bats are few not only in Brazil but also worldwide.

  10. The status of Vespertilio borbonicus E. Geoffroy, 1803 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    Hill, J.E.

    1980-01-01

    The taxonomic history of Scotophilus borbonicus (E. Geoffroy, 1803) from Réunion Island is reviewed and summarised, with the designation of a lectotype. The insular form that it represents is considered conspecific with the small Scotophilus viridis (Peters, 1852) of southern Africa. As a result,

  11. Karyotypic variation in rhinolophid and hipposiderid bats (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae)

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Koubínová, D.; Sreepada, K. S.; Koubek, Petr; Zima, Jan

    2010-01-01

    Roč. 12, č. 2 (2010), s. 393-400 ISSN 1508-1109 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA6093403; GA MŠk LC06073 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : chromosomal evolution * karyosystematics * Robertsonian translocations Subject RIV: EB - Genetics ; Molecular Biology Impact factor: 1.012, year: 2010

  12. High bat (Chiroptera) diversity in the Early Eocene of India

    Science.gov (United States)

    Smith, Thierry; Rana, Rajendra S.; Missiaen, Pieter; Rose, Kenneth D.; Sahni, Ashok; Singh, Hukam; Singh, Lachham

    2007-12-01

    The geographic origin of bats is still unknown, and fossils of earliest bats are rare and poorly diversified, with, maybe, the exception of Europe. The earliest bats are recorded from the Early Eocene of North America, Europe, North Africa and Australia where they seem to appear suddenly and simultaneously. Until now, the oldest record in Asia was from the Middle Eocene. In this paper, we report the discovery of the oldest bat fauna of Asia dating from the Early Eocene of the Cambay Formation at Vastan Lignite Mine in Western India. The fossil taxa are described on the basis of well-preserved fragments of dentaries and lower teeth. The fauna is highly diversified and is represented by seven species belonging to seven genera and at least four families. Two genera and five species are new. Three species exhibit very primitive dental characters, whereas four others indicate more advanced states. Unexpectedly, this fauna presents strong affinities with the European faunas from the French Paris Basin and the German Messel locality. This could result from the limited fossil record of bats in Asia, but could also suggest new palaeobiogeographic scenarios involving the relative position of India during the Early Eocene.

  13. The uranium content in the blood of some vertebrates

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Das, K.C.; Hanifa, A.; Goswami, T.D.

    1986-01-01

    The method of fission track analysis has been used to estimate the uranium concentration in the blood of some vertebrates like lata fish (Ophiocephalus punctatus - class Pisces), toad (Bufo melanostictus -class Amphibia) and man (Homo Sapiens - class Mammalia). The uranium content in the blood of these vertebrates has been found to range from 0.20 ± 0.016 to 0.94 ± 0.038 microgram/litre. However, the concentration in toad is found to be the lowest (0.20 ± 0.016 to 0.40 ± 0.022 microgram/litre) as compared to that in fish (0.50 ± 0.027 to 0.94 ± 0.038 microgram/litre) and man (0.33 ± 0.023 to 0.74 ± 0.034 microgram/litre). The intervariation among the different classes of vertebrates as regards uranium concentration has been found to be statistically significant. (author)

  14. Development of the nervus terminalis in mammals including toothed whales and humans.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Oelschläger, H A; Buhl, E H; Dann, J F

    1987-01-01

    The early ontogenesis and topography of the mammalian terminalis system was investigated in 43 microslide series of toothed whale and human embryos and fetuses. In early embryonal stages the development of the nasal pit, the olfacto-terminalis placode, and the olfactory bulb anlage is rather similar in toothed whales and humans. However, toothed whales do not show any trace of the vomeronasalis complex. In early fetal stages the olfactory bulb anlage in toothed whales is reduced and leaves the isolated future terminalis ganglion (ganglia) which contains the greatest number of cells within Mammalia. The ganglion is connected with the nasal mucosa via peripheral fiber bundles and with the telencephalon via central terminalis rootlets. The functional implications of the terminalis system in mammals and its evolution in toothed whales are discussed. Obviously, the autonomic component has been enlarged in the course of perfect adaptation to an aquatic environment.

  15. Mammalian diversity: gametes, embryos and reproduction.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Behringer, Richard R; Eakin, Guy S; Renfree, Marilyn B

    2006-01-01

    The class Mammalia is composed of approximately 4800 extant species. These mammalian species are divided into three subclasses that include the monotremes, marsupials and eutherians. Monotremes are remarkable because these mammals are born from eggs laid outside of the mother's body. Marsupial mammals have relatively short gestation periods and give birth to highly altricial young that continue a significant amount of 'fetal' development after birth, supported by a highly sophisticated lactation. Less than 10% of mammalian species are monotremes or marsupials, so the great majority of mammals are grouped into the subclass Eutheria, including mouse and human. Mammals exhibit great variety in morphology, physiology and reproduction. In the present article, we highlight some of this remarkable diversity relative to the mouse, one of the most widely used mammalian model organisms, and human. This diversity creates challenges and opportunities for gamete and embryo collection, culture and transfer technologies.

  16. Crítica das forças produtivas: guerra, destruição ecológica e criação do mundo pós-natural.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    André Villar Gomez

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available As forças produtivas são uma categoria capitalista e materializam a abstração social baseada no valor. Tal como o processo de valorização, as forças produtivas se desenvolvem sem levar em consideração a satisfação das necessidades humanas e as consequências ecológicas. A produção destrutiva por meio da redução da taxa de utilização dos produtos e os gastos militares crescentes demonstram que o capitalismo passou a destruir riqueza material em larga escala para adequar seus potenciais destrutivos aos estreitos limites de sua forma de riqueza baseada no trabalho abstrato. A aceleração do consumo do mundo, que é uma das manifestações do desenvolvimento tecnológico capitalista, é uma das causas mais importantes da crise ecológica contemporâneia. O mundo pós-natural  consiste na tentativa desmedida e irracional de o capitalismo fugir das "barreiras naturais". A superação da forma social baseada no valor e das forças produtivas tornou-se uma necessidade de primeira ordem.

  17. Diversity of aquatic insects and other associated macroinvertebrates in an arid wetland (Mendoza Province, Argentina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Erica E. SCHEIBLER

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo del trabajo fue expandir la evaluación de la diversidad de insectos acuáticos y macroinvertebrados asociados a lo largo del Bañado Carilauquen, usando red de mano para la columna de agua y draga de Petersen para el bentos. Adicionalmente, se exploraron diferencias y similitudes espacio-temporales en la composición cualitativa de los ensambles de invertebrados. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales en cinco tramos del Bañado Carilauquen, desde la cabecera hasta la desembocadura. Se identificaron 47 taxa; 37 fueron insectos, principalmente Coleoptera, Diptera y Hemiptera, en ese orden. La composición de macroinvertebrados estuvo mejor condicionada por la variable espacial que por la temporal, en los extremos del gradiente espacial estudiado. Fueron detectados tres grupos faunísticos: cabecera, tramo medio y desembocadura. La mayor riqueza detectada en la cabecera se correspondió con los valores más bajos de conductividad del Bañado Carilauquen. La menor diversidad y la mayor diferencia en la composición faunística fueron observadas en la desembocadura (mayores niveles de conductividad. En el tramo medio, la riqueza fue mayor a la esperada según niveles de conductividad, debido posiblemente, a la presencia de especies transitorias.

  18. Género, estado civil y la acumulación de activos en el Ecuador: una mirada a la violencia patrimonial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carmen Diana Deere

    2014-12-01

    Full Text Available Aunque los derechos de propiedad de las mujeres en Ecuador son relativamente fuertes, en la práctica estos derechos no siempre se cumplen, por lo que genera violencia patrimonial contra ellas. Esta es una de las razones por lo cual, según nuestra encuesta de hogares sobre los activos a nivel nacional, el valor de los activos de las mujeres en promedio es menor en comparación con los hombres. A la vez, hay grandes variaciones en el nivel de riqueza promedio dependiendo del estado civil (siendo mucho más alta entre los que están casados en comparación con los que están en una unión consensual, y en lo agudo de la brecha de género (ésta siendo mayor entre los casados, viudos y separados. A través de la información recogida durante la fase cualitativa de la investigación en tres provincias, proponemos ilustrar cómo se generan estas brechas de género en la riqueza según el estado civil y como estas pueden ser el resultado de la violencia patrimonial.

  19. Distribución espacial de Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera (Insecta en una quebrada de primer orden, bosque montano, Junín, Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Janet Isabel Sajamí Reymundo

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de éste estudio fue estudiar la composición y distribución espacial de cuatro órdenes de insectos acuáticos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera y Coleoptera (EPTC, en una quebrada de primer orden, Chanchamayo, Perú. Se realizaron colectas bimensuales desde marzo del 2013 a enero del 2014 en cuatro microhábitats lóticos: piedra, grava, musgo y hojas retenidas en la corriente. Fueron colectados un total de 7825 individuos agrupados en 51 géneros distribuidos en 27 familias de EPTC. El microhábitat de hoja retenida en los rápidos presentó la mayor abundancia, riqueza y diversidad de EPTC. Los géneros más representativos en términos de abundancia fueron Farrodes (10.35%, Phylloicus (10.01% y Heterelmis (6.07%. La familia Elmidae fue la más diversa con 11 géneros. Las pruebas no parametricas de Kruskall-Wallis para riqueza, abundancia, diversidad y equidad determinaron diferencias significativas (p< 0.05 entre los micro hábitat estudiados. El análisis de ordenamiento no paramétrico de escalamiento multidimensional nMDS y el análisis de similaridad ANOSIM, evidenciaron diferencias claras entre las muestras de micro hábitats.

  20. Estrutura de uma Floresta Tropical com Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Pau Brasil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Valderes Bento Sarnaglia Junior

    2014-04-01

    Full Text Available Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura da vegetação do componente arbóreo em um remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas com populações naturais de Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (pau-brasil no município de Aracruz (ES. Foram instaladas 10 parcelas de 10 x 50 m, de modo sistemático, totalizando 0,5 ha de área amostral. Todos os indivíduos com DAP (Diâmetro à Altura do Peito  ≥10 cm foram amostrados. Amostraram-se 259 indivíduos distribuídos em 119 espécies. As famílias com maior riqueza de espécies foram Leguminosae (22, Sapotaceae (9 e Myrtaceae (9. As espécies com os mais altos valores de importância foram Eriotheca macrophylla (K. Schum. A. Robyns, Caesalpinia echinata Lam. e Astrocaryum aculeatissimum (Schott Burret. O índice de Shannon (H’ foi de 4,51 e a equabilidade (J’ foi de 0,94.  O fragmento apresenta sinais de perturbações antrópicas, porém os altos valores de diversidade e riqueza mostram a importância da conservação, assim como para a preservação de C. echinata.

  1. Diversidad y el estado de conservación de cuerpos de agua Amazónicos en el nororiente del Perú

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernán Ortega

    2013-05-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se describen la diversidad y estado de conservación, determinados por un inventario biológico rápido, entre el 24 y 30 de octubre de 2005, en cuerpos de agua del nororiente del Perú, ubicados, entre los 133 y 680 m de altitud, entre Tarapoto (San Martín y Yurimaguas (Loreto. Se colectaron datos y muestras en 26 estaciones. Los peces fueron colectados con redes de arrastre a la orilla, el bentos con red "Surber", y el plancton con red estándar (40 micras. En cada estación, se anotaron coordenadas (UTM y se describieron hábitats limnologicamente (pH, temperatura, conductividad, oxigeno disuelto. La riqueza de especies en peces fue de 95, predominan Characiformes y Siluriformes. La riqueza de especies de peces en fitoplancton fue de 74, en zooplancton, 22 especies y en bentos de 20 especies. Para determinar el estado de conservación se uso el Índice de Integridad Biológica (IBI para peces y EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, y Trichoptera para la integridad de los ambientes acuáticos. Los resultados indican que en las zonas mejor conservadas se encuentran en los alrededores de Yurimaguas.

  2. Fungi from interior organs of free-living small mammals in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hubálek, Z; Rosický, B; Otcenásek, M

    1980-01-01

    A total of 308 fungi was isolated from interior organs (lungs, spleen, liver) of 529 small mammals belonging to 21 species, 7 families and 3 orders (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia), some of these being potentially pathogenic to vertebrates (e.g. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Geotrichum candidum, Mucor pusillus, Rhizopus arrhizus). In one vole (Microtus arvalis) captured in South Moravia, adiaspiromycosis (Emmonsia crescens) was demonstrated. Comparison of mycoflora of hair and that of interior organs of wild small mammals revealed that out of the total number of isolates the following fungi were represented in a higher proportion from visceral organs than from the hair: Aspergillus (A. amstelodami, A. flavus, A. repens), Aureobasidium (A. pullulans), Candida, Cladosporium (C. herbarum), Cryptococcus, Fusarium, Gliocladium (G. deliquescens), Helminthosporium, Kloeckera, Mucor (M. fragilis, M. hiemalis, M. pusillus), Paecilomyces marquandii, Penicillium (P. purpurogenum), Phoma, Rhizopus arrhizus, Scopulariopsis (S. candida, S. koningii) and Torulopsis.

  3. Práctica sobre el documental "La poderosa agricultura europea"

    OpenAIRE

    Espinosa Seguí, Ana

    2009-01-01

    El documental "La poderosa agricultura europea" muestra las consecuencias del alto coste del mantenimiento de los subsidios agrícolas más caros del mundo. Las repercusiones no sólo se sienten en Europa, sino que un gran número de países, cuya mayor fuente de riqueza es la agricultura, la ganadería o la pesca, se ven desfavorecidos en el mercado internacional, e incluso, en sus propios mercados.

  4. GESTIÓN ECONÓMICA AMBIENTAL DEL SECTOR CURTIEMBRE DE AMBATO

    OpenAIRE

    Guajala, Mery Esperanza Ruiz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato; Abril, César Medardo Mayorga; Universidad Técnica de Ambato; Falcón, Luis Marcelo Mantilla; Universidad Técnica de Ambato; Chalán, Patricia Alexandra López; Universidad Técnica de Ambato

    2016-01-01

    En América Latina el sector de las curtiembres, aunque  es generador de empleo y riqueza, tiene serios problemas ambientales producidos por dicha industria. Las curtiembres ocasionan contaminación especialmente en el agua, lo que provoca serias dificultades ambientales, intoxicando la biodiversidad por la descarga de altas concentraciones de materia orgánica, sulfuros, cromos, sulfatos, nitratos, carbonatos, grasas y aceites, entre otros, la realidad ecuatoriana y muy especialmente de la ciud...

  5. Riqueza de espécies de fungos conidiais em duas áreas de Mata Atlântica no Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibóia, BA, Brasil Species richness of conidial fungi in two areas of Atlantic Forest at Morro da Pioneira, Serra da Jibóia, Bahia State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marcos Fabio Oliveira Marques

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available A Serra da Jibóia, fragmento de Mata Atlântica situado no município de Santa Terezinha, Bahia, está incluído entre as áreas prioritárias para conservação. Com o objetivo de conhecer os fungos conidiais decompositores da serapilheira nesse ecossistema, foram realizadas cinco expedições a cada dois meses, de outubro/2005 a junho/2006. Trinta amostras de material vegetal (folhas, pecíolos, galhos e cascas foram coletadas em três parcelas de 10 m², eqüidistantes entre si (10 m, delimitadas em duas áreas com vegetação e umidade diferentes. As amostras foram lavadas em água corrente e incubadas em câmaras-úmidas por um mês; durante esse período as estruturas fúngicas foram retiradas dos substratos para estudo, sendo identificadas 106 espécies de fungos conidiais. Embora apresentando número equivalente de espécies, houve baixa similaridade (25%, segundo o índice de Sørensen, entre as comunidades de fungos conidiais das duas áreas. Os dados contribuem para ampliar o conhecimento sobre a distribuição e a diversidade de fungos conidiais que colonizam substratos vegetais na Mata Atlântica e mostram a riqueza de espécies das áreas estudadas.The fragment of Atlantic Forest at Serra da Jibóia, municipality of Santa Terezinha, Bahia state, is a priority area for conservation. Five expeditions were undertaken every two months, from October/2005 to June/2006, in order to investigate the fungi that decompose leaf litter in this ecosystem. Thirty samples of plant debris (leaves, petioles, twigs and bark were collected in three parcels of 10 m², 10 m from each other, in two areas with different vegetation and humidity. Samples were washed in tap water and incubated in moist chambers for 30 days; during this period fungal structures on substrates were studied and 106 species of conidial fungi were identified. In spite of the similar number of species, there was low similarity (25% between the communities of conidial fungi of the

  6. Diversidade de Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae capturados com armadilha luminosa, em seis comunidades no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil Diversity of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae captured by light traps in six communities in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Augusto Teston

    2004-03-01

    Full Text Available Foram estudadas as faunas de Arctiinae em Camaquã, Iraí, Lagoa Vermelha, Mostardas, Piratini, e São Pedro da Serra. As mariposas foram capturadas por meio de armadilhas luminosas, uma vez por mês, na fase de lua nova, de janeiro de 1998 até dezembro de 1999. Na avaliação das comunidades, foram utilizados a riqueza de espécies, abundancia, constancia bem como, os índices de diversidade e uniformidade de Shannon e Brillouin. Para avaliar a variação do número de exemplares entre os meses e as localidades, foi realizada análise de variância. Na estimativa da riqueza de espécies para cada local, foram usados os procedimentos estatísticos não paramétricos "Bootstrap", "Chao 1", "Chao 2", "Jackknife 1", "Jackknife 2" e "Michaelis-Mentem". Foram capturados 9.800 exemplares de Arctiinae, pertencentes a 192 espécies e distribuídas em 6 tribos. A abundancia e riqueza de espécie, foram maiores em 1998 do que em 1999. Os maiores índices de diversidade em 1998 foram encontrados em Camaquã, Iraí e São Pedro da Serra; entretanto em 1999 Iraí, Piratini e São Pedro da Serra foram os locais de mais elevada diversidade. De acordo com os estimadores de riqueza de espécies podem ser encontradas mais 34% de espécies em Camaquã, 18% em Iraí, 75% em Lagoa Vermelha, 47% em Mostardas, 66% em Piratini e 43% em São Pedro da Serra.The Arctiinae fauna of Camaquã, Iraí, Lagoa Vermelha, Mostardas, Piratini, and São Pedro da Serra, were studied. The moths were caught by using light traps, once a month in the new moon phase, from January 1998 to December 1999. The species richness, abundance, constancy, as well as, the diversity and evenness indexes of Shannon and Brillouin, were used to evaluate the communities. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the variation of individuals among months and localities. In order to estimate the species richness for each locality the nonparametrics statistics procedures Bootstrap, Chao 1, Chao 2

  7. Relaciones espaciales y alimenticias del ensamblaje de reptiles del complejo cenagoso de Zapatosa, departamento del Cesar (Colombia

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    Guido Fabian Medina-Rangel

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Para conocer los factores ambientales que favorece la riqueza y abundancia de especies y grupos de reptiles, su preferencia por microhábitats, dieta de especies y diferencias entre hábitats en parámetros como tamaño de individuos, grado de detección y proporción de depredación, se realizaron salidas en áreas circundantes al complejo cenagoso de Zapatosa, entre noviembre de 2006 y octubre de 2007, abarcando la época de lluvias y la época seca en cinco tipos hábitats. Los hábitats con diferencias significativas entre variables ambientales y estructurales fueron: bosque de ribera, palmar, sabanas arboladas y bosque casmófito; el bosque de ribera y bosque seco no resultaron diferentes. La inclinación del terreno y el grado de intervención antrópica fueron las variables más relacionadas con la abundancia de las especies. Al aumentar la pendiente y la intervención antrópica disminuyó la riqueza y abundancia de reptiles en general y de serpientes y lagartos; con el aumento de la temperatura media ambiental la abundancia de reptiles disminuyó. Con el aumento de la cobertura herbácea y la disminución del diámetro de los árboles, disminuyó la riqueza de lagartos y serpientes. El tamaño corporal de los reptiles no fue diferente entre hábitats, aunque las tallas pequeñas predominaron en todos. Las serpientes presentaron menores valores de detección que los lagartos. El bosque de ribera presentó los valores más altos de detección. Un quinto de todas las lagartijas presentó algún signo de depredación y fue más alta en el palmar. Los reptiles terrestres fueron los más ricos y abundantes en el estudio. Los lagartos presentaron la mayor amplitud en el uso de hábitat y microhábitat, mientras que las serpientes Helicops danieli y Leptodeira septentrionalis y los lagartos Anolis gaigei, Gonatodes albogularis y Cnemidophorus lemniscatus en el uso de alimento. Los lagartos exhibieron mayor solapamiento en el uso de los recursos.

  8. Diversidad, patrones de uso y conservación de palmas Arecaceae en bosques pluviales del Chocó, Colombia

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    Hamleth Valois-Cuesta

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available La familia Arecaceae es rica en especies, principalmente en el trópico, y constituye una fuente de recursos para la subsistencia de sus pobladores. En el presente trabajo se estudió la riqueza, diversidad, composición y patrones de uso de la familia Arecaceae en tres localidades de la cuenca media del río Atrato en el Chocó, Colombia, con el fin de obtener información que permita su conservación y uso sostenible. Se registraron 29 especies en 18 géneros, siendo Bactris 24.13 y Wettinia 10.34 los géneros más ricos en especies. El Buey mostró más especies y géneros 23 especies, 17 géneros que Beté 15 y 10 respectivamente y Tanguí 14 y 11 respectivamente. La similitud florística entre localidades fue menor al 45. Las especies con mayor peso ecológico y valor de uso fueron: Euterpe oleracea Mart., Oenocarpus bataua Mart., Attalea allennii H.E. Moore, Manicaria saccifera Gaertn., Bactris gassipaes Kunth y Wettinia quinaria O.F.Cook y Doyle R. Bernal. Las categorías de uso con mayor riqueza de especies e importancia cultural fueron: construcción, alimento y uso artesanal; y los órganos más usados fueron tallos y frutos. Los resultados de este trabajo demuestran que el Atrato Medio posee alta riqueza y diversidad de especies de palmas en un contexto regional y nacional. Sin embargo, la relación entre el número de uso y la importancia ecológica de la especie depende de la localidad, lo que indica que la importancia socio-cultural de la especie puede variar entre grupos humanos que comparten una misma cultura o región biogeográfica. Se publicarán estudios a futuro para determinar el papel del tipo de órgano utilizado como materia prima en la demografía y dinámica ecológica de las poblaciones de palma en el Chocó y otras regiones del Neotrópico.

  9. A critical approach to the stakeholder theory as a corporate objectivefunction Crítica à teoria dos stakeholders como função-objetivo corporativa

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    Alexandre Di Miceli da Silveira

    2005-03-01

    Full Text Available At the core of the issue of management models on corporate governance are some basic questions such as these that must be addressed. What is the corporate-function? Which are the criteria for decision-making and performance evaluation? Literature cites two corporate objective-functions which stand out, one which maximizes shareholder value and the other which balances the interests of stakeholders. A critical approach to the stakeholder theory is made including the origin, concepts, advantages and disadvantages in a comparison to that of the shareholders. The conceptual deficiencies of the stakeholder theory point to the maximization of the shareholder value as a more robust objective-function for achieving a higher level of social welfare, maximization of corporate efficiency and productivity while providing a better evaluation of managers.No cerne das discussões sobre a concepção de modelos de gestão e de governança corporativa estão questões básicas que precisam ser respondidas por qualquer corporação, tais como: qual a função da empresa? Quais devem ser os critérios para a tomada de decisão e a avaliação de desempenho? Duas funções-objetivo da corporação destacam-se na literatura de Administração de empresas: a teoria da maximização da riqueza dos acionistas e a teoria de equilíbrio dos interesses dos públicos afetados pela companhia (stakeholders. O presente trabalho aborda de maneira crítica a teoria dos stakeholders, apresentando suas origens, conceitos, aspectos positivos e negativos e comparando-a com a teoria da maximização da riqueza dos acionistas. A análise expõe fragilidades conceituais da teoria dos stakeholders, que levam à consideração da teoria da maximização da riqueza dos acionistas como a função-objetivo da corporação mais robusta conceitualmente para o alcance de maior bem-estar social, a maximização da produtividade e eficiência da companhia e uma melhor avaliação do desempenho

  10. Mayfly diversity in the brazilian tropical headwaters of Serra do Cipó

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    Michael Goulart

    2005-11-01

    Full Text Available The objectives of this study were to evaluate spatial and seasonal distribution, assemblage structure and substrate associations of mayfly nymphs in five lotic ecosystems in the headwaters of the Doce River and São Francisco River watersheds, Brazil. Samples were taken in 24 sampling stations during rainy and dry seasons in 1998. In total, 7,066 organisms were collected, belonging to 27 genera and 6 families of Ephemeroptera. The dominant taxa were Americabaetis, Paracloeodes, Leptohyphes and Hagenulus. During the rainy period, the São Francisco River watershed showed higher taxonomic richness, diversity and evenness, while in the dry period, the taxonomic richness was higher in Doce River watershed. No significant differences were found in the taxonomic richness, diversity, evenness and density of mayfly assemblages between the two studied sampling periods. The results suggested that the diversity of the mayfly assemblages in tropical headwaters of Serra do Cipó would be probably due to ecosystem and watershed characteristics.Os objetivos foram avaliar a distribuição espaço-temporal, estrutura de assembléias e associações de ninfas de Ephemeroptera com substratos em 5 ecossistemas lóticos nas nascentes das bacias dos rios Doce e São Francisco, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas em 24 estações, nos períodos de chuvas e seca de 1998. No total, 7,066 organismos foram coletados, pertencentes a 27 gêneros e 6 famílias. Os taxa dominantes foram Americabaetis, Paracloeodes, Leptohyphes e Hagenulus. No período de chuvas foram observados maiores valores dos indices de riqueza taxonômica, diversidade e equitabilidade na bacia do rio São Francisco, enquanto que no período de seca, a riqueza taxonômica foi maior na bacia do rio Doce. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas dos valores dos indices de riqueza, equitabilidade, diversidade e densidade de ninfas de Ephemeroptera entre os dois períodos estudados. Os

  11. La ventaja epidemiológica de la orientación preferencial del control de la tuberculosis hacia los pobres

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    J. R. Andrews

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available La tuberculosis (TB continúa concentrada de manera desproporcionada entre los pobres, pero los determinantes conocidos de reactivación de la TB pueden no explicar las desigualdades observadas en las tasas de enfermedad según la riqueza. En el presente estudio, mediante la revisión de datos sobre desigualdades en TB en la India y la distribución de factores de riesgo de TB conocidos según riqueza, se describe cómo los patrones de mezcla social pueden estar contribuyendo a las desigualdades en TB. La mezcla social por afinidad selectiva según la riqueza, por la cual es más probable que las personas entren en contacto con otras personas de orígenes socioeconómicos similares, amplifica las pequeñas diferencias en el riesgo de TB y genera grandes desigualdades a nivel poblacional. A medida que las desigualdades y la asortatividad (o afinidad selectiva aumentan, se hace más difícil controlar la TB; este efecto queda enmascarado cuando se examinan solamente promedios poblacionales de parámetros epidemiológicos, tales como las tasas de detección de casos. El estudio ilustra cómo los esfuerzos de control de TB pueden beneficiarse a partir de una orientación preferencial hacia los pobres. En la India, una intervención a escala equivalente podría tener un impacto sustancialmente mayor si se orientara a quienes viven por debajo de la línea de pobreza que el de una estrategia a toda la población. Además de las eficiencias potenciales de focalizar en poblaciones en más alto riesgo, los esfuerzos de control de la TB podrían llevar a una mayor reducción en el número de casos secundarios de TB por cada caso primario diagnosticado si es que tales esfuerzos fuesen preferencialmente orientados hacia los pobres. El estudio destaca la necesidad de recolectar datos programáticos sobre las desigualdades en TB e incorporar de manera explícita consideraciones de equidad en los planes de control de la TB.

  12. Validación funcional de extractos polifenólicos de cacao mediante ensayos in vivo con organismos modelo

    OpenAIRE

    Peláez Soto, Ana

    2016-01-01

    Los polifenoles son los principales antioxidantes de la dieta y a ellos se les atribuyen múltiples propiedades beneficiosas, como la prevención de enfermedades cardiovasculares, tumorales y degenerativas, que pueden aparecer como consecuencia del estrés oxidativo. El cacao representa una fuente interesante de polifenoles en la dieta, dado su amplio consumo y su riqueza en estos compuestos bioactivos. La actividad antioxidante de los polifenoles en general, y en concreto de los polifenoles del...

  13. La dimensión intercomprensiva en el aprendizaje de lenguas extranjeras en Europa

    OpenAIRE

    Vez, José Manuel

    2004-01-01

    Para la comunidad de naciones que formamos Europa, unido no significa uniforme. La riqueza, la diversidad y la originalidad de sus culturas representan su propia fuerza y las condiciones de respeto que pueden hacer valer antes los demás. No hay duda que la clave de vitalidad de una cultura es su lengua, lo que supone, a escala de todo un gran continente, la existencia de un plurilingüismo real, es decir vivo y militante.

  14. La cultura europea de la intercomprensión

    OpenAIRE

    Vez, José Manuel

    2007-01-01

    Para la comunidad de naciones que formamos Europa. unido no significa uniforme. La riqueza. la diversidad y la originalidad de sus culturas representan su propia fuerza y las condiciones de respeto que pueden hacer valer antes los demás. No hay duda que la clave de vitalidad de una cultura es su lengua. lo que supone. a escala de todo un gran continente, la existencia de un plurilingüismo real, es decir vivo y militante.

  15. Estudio de declaraciones nutricionales y saludables en el etiquetado de leches fermentadas Study of nutrition and health claims on labelling of fermented milk products

    OpenAIRE

    A. Montero Marín; A. Limia Sánchez; E. Franco Vargas; S. Belmonte Cortés

    2006-01-01

    Antecedentes: El consumo de leches fermentadas en España ha aumentado enormemente en los últimos 40 años. Además del yogur, se han introducido nuevas variedades fermentadas por bifidobacterias u otras especies de lactobacilos. La riqueza nutricional de estos alimentos junto con los posibles beneficios de las cepas fermentadoras, han propiciado la presencia de declaraciones nutricionales y saludables en su etiquetado. La normativa vigente no regula expresamente estas frases y actualmente se es...

  16. año de 1990

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    Alfredo Ascanio

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available El turismo y su riqueza se concentran en los pocos países que son a su vez emisores y receptores. Se argumenta que la influencia de los Tour Operadores es una de las variables para que aparezca esa concentración. Así mismo la variación porcentual de la llegada de turistas en los países de América no parece variar año a año.

  17. Las formas del asociativismo a principio del siglo XX de la historia argentina: aportes para pensar la fraternidad en el Trabajo Social

    OpenAIRE

    Barberena, Mariano

    2017-01-01

    En la historia argentina hay una importante riqueza en experiencias asociativas, que constituyeron respuestas, que en base a la solidaridad y la ayuda mutua, generaron resoluciones a problemas sociales. Nos interesa pensar estas respuestas como un antecedente del trabajo social, en tanto formas de resolución de problemas sociales que fueron constituyendo lo que algunos autores llaman repertorios de respuestas (Tilly, 2010) y otros Trayectorias Empíricas (Pastore, 2006). Cuando se utiliza el c...

  18. Los recursos naturales del Perú

    OpenAIRE

    Oficina Nacional de Evaluación de Recursos Naturales

    1985-01-01

    Ofrece una aproximación integral para el mejor conocimiento de los recursos naturales del país, proporcionando una visión en conjunto de la riqueza existente y de las posibilidades que puede brindar el territorio nacional. Este estudio consiste en la revisión, catalogación y clasificación metodológica de la información proveniente de diversas fuentes del conocimiento y fundamentalmente de la información generada por la ONERN.

  19. Macroscopic description of thoracic member musculature in Cuniculus paca (Linnaeus, 1766 (Rodentia, Cuniculidae

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    Rodrigo Gomes de Souza

    2017-05-01

    Full Text Available Cuniculus paca (Mammalia: Cuniculidae, or ‘paca’ is a rodent species in great demand for its meat, which has led to domestication and development of paca farms in the Brazilian Amazon region, as well as in other states. Despite the growing consumption of paca meat, knowledge on muscle anatomy is still scarce. An anatomical description of paca forelimbs will form the basis for future zootechnical and veterinary studies, enabling the development of sustainable production in the Amazon region, as well as the preservation of the species. We studied forelimb anatomy in four (04 adult pacas from the Caboclinho Project of Catuaba Experimental Farm (UFAC under IBAMA authorization n°509309. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and thoracic limbs were dissected, after which anatomical descriptions and photographic records were generated. We found that paca forelimb musculature is similar to that of other groups of domestic animals with regard to the origin and muscle insertion.

  20. Preparation of {sup 35}SO{sub 4}H{sub 2} and of some other {sup 35}S labeled mineral compounds; Preparation de {sup 35}SO{sub 4}H{sub 2} et de quelques autres composes mineraux simples marques a {sup 35}S

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    De la Gueronniere, E; Henry, R [Commissariat a l' Energie Atomique, Saclay (France). Centre d' Etudes Nucleaires

    1958-07-01

    Methods of preparation, from pile irradiated KCI, of the following labeled molecules are described: - carrier free H{sub 2}SO{sub 4} - SCd (100 m curies/milli mole) - solution of SNa{sub 2} (100 m curies/milli mole) - solution of SK{sub 2} (100 m curies/milli mole) - S metalloid (100 m curies/milli mole) - SO{sub 3}Na{sub 2} (90 m curies/milli mole) - S{sub 2}C{sub 3}Na{sub 2} (50 m curies/mammalia). (author) [French] On decrit les methodes de preparation, a partir de KCl irradie dans les piles, des molecules suivantes marquees au {sup 35}S: - SO{sub 4}H{sub 2} (sans entraineur) - SCd (100 mcuries/millimole) - solution de SNa{sub 2} (100 mcuries/millimole) - solution de SK{sub 2} (100 mcuries/millimole) - S metalloide (100 mcuries/millimole) - Na{sub 2}SO{sub 3} (90 mcuries/millimole) - Na{sub 2}S{sub 2}C{sub 3} (50 mcuries/milIimole). (auteur)