Estudio del significado de las malformaciones congénitas y sus implicaciones en los programas de salud

OpenAIRE

Struck, Adelaida; Struck Vidal -Aguilera, Mony  de Lourdes; Chávez, Yohanna; Fernández, Francisco J

2008-01-01

En el siguiente artículo se realiza un estudio acerca del significado de las malformaciones congénitas y sus implicaciones en los programas de prevención para la población venezolana. Se hace uso de metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, utilizando como técnica para la recolección de los datos, el cuestionario. Su aplicación se lleva a cabo en dos centros maternos, Maternidad Concepción Palacios y Centro Materno Leopoldo Aguerrevere en Caracas-Venezuela. Se analizan como variables: el con...

Alteraciones morfológicas de las vellosidades placentarias asociadas a malformaciones fetales múltiples del sistema esquelético

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángela López

2013-09-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVOS: describir y cuantificar alteraciones morfológicas en vellosidades placentarias de embarazadas cuyo feto desarrolló malformaciones esqueléticas múltiples. MÉTODOS: se analizaron cuatro placentas de abortos terapéuticos a las 13, 16, 20 y 38 semanas de gestación. Estas se compararon con placentas normales a la misma edad de gestación de abortos electivos por indicación médico legal. Tinción de hematoxilinaeosina se aplicó a 10 láminas de 5 regiones de cada placenta utilizando un protocolo con 4 variables cuantitativas: madurez, cambios fibrinoides, edema y fibrosis estromal y una variable cualitativa: trombosis. Los resultados cuantitativos se analizaron utilizando el análisis de varianza (ANAVAR según arreglo completamente aleatorizado y el test de Tukey. Para la variable cualitativa se aplicó la prueba de tendencia para datos correlacionados. Se empleó el software statistix 8.0 y SAS 9.0 para Windows. RESULTADOS: existen diferencias significativas (p0,05 en relación a la variable cualitativa. CONCLUSIONES: la población de vellosidades placentarias asociadas a malformaciones múltiples del sistema esquelético presentó un alto porcentaje de alteraciones indicando que la barrera placentaria está dañada afectando el intercambio de gases, nutrientes y metabolitos durante el desarrollo del feto.

Propuesta de teorías integradoras para la cefalogénesis y sus malformaciones Proposal of integrative theories for cephalogenesis and their malformations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dadonim Vila Morales

2013-03-01

Full Text Available En las teorías embriogénicas de las malformaciones del macizo craneofacial es frecuente encontrar explicaciones simplistas, que no aluden a la biología celular, ni molecular de sus fisiopatologías. El propósito de esta investigación fue describir las teorías de la cefalogénesis y sus malformaciones craneofaciales, como requisito para proponerteorías integradoras que favorezcan su mejor comprensión. Se realizó una revisión biobliográfica sobre el tema de la cefalogénesis y las concepciones científicas actuales concernientes a las teorías de las malformaciones congénitas craneofaciales. Se realizó una revisión en Internet, en el periodo comprendido entre diciembre de 2011 y enero de 2012. Se analizaron los artículos de revistas de la Web of Sciences que trataron este tema desde el año 2006 hasta el 2012 en los buscadores Google academico, Hinari, Scopus, Scielo y Medline. Como resultado se obtuvieron 131 artículos que fueron tamizados; pero el estudio se ciñó solo a 43 artículos que enfocaron estas temáticas de manera más integral. Se consideraron reduccionitas o incompletas las teorías hasta ahora expuestas. Por tal motivo se propusieron teorías holístico-sinérgicas de la cefalogénesis y sus malformaciones.Frequently is possible to find simplistic explanations regarding the embriogenics theories of craniofacial malformations, without any explanation about cellular or molecular biology of this physiopathology process. The purpose of this investigation was to provide elements to allow the understanding of cephalogenesis as to value theories of cephalogenesis and craniofacial malformations and to suggest an integrative theory. A bibliographic study was carried out about cephalogenesis, and current scientific conceptions on theories of craniofacial congenital malformations. An Internet exploring was made during December of 2011 to January of 2012. Was evaluated the Web of Sciences reports related those topics published

Índice de masa corporal materno pre-embarazo y riesgo de malformaciones congénitas específicas: evidencia de una relación dosis-respuesta

OpenAIRE

Fuenzalida C,Javiera; Vera P-G,Claudio; Carvajal C,Jorge

2013-01-01

Antecedentes: Este estudio investiga la relación entre el índice de masa corporal (IMC) previo al embarazo y 26 malformaciones al nacer identificadas en el Registro de Defectos de Nacimientos de Florida. Métodos: El IMC (kg/m2) previo al embarazo se categorizó en bajo peso (

Enfoque curricular centrado en la persona

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Manuel Jiménez Castro

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Un enfoque curricular estructura, visua-liza y organiza el proceso educativo. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, el sistema educativo costa-rricense no identifica unas características prácticas claras de un enfoque curricular, por medio del cual el educador pueda ubicar el tipo de estudiante que debe formar.Se desea sistematizar y aportar por medio de una revisión bibliográfica, del enfoque curricular cen-trado en la persona, una alternativa que favorezca la formación de las personas de manera integral, que promueva la crítica, la búsqueda de soluciones a problemas comunales y en general al avance de la sociedad a través del bien común.

Mortalidad infantil por malformaciones congénitas en Chile: análisis temporal y espacial, 1997-2011

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

José Edgardo Dipierri

Full Text Available OBJETIVO:Analizar la distribución espacial y temporal (1997-2011 de la mortalidad infantil por malformaciones congénitas (MC en Chile. MÉTODOS: Los datos de nacimientos y muertes en menores de 1 año de edad codificados con la CIE-10 se obtuvieron del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas. Para las regiones administrativas y las naturales (Norte Grande, Norte Chico, Central, Austral y Sur, sistemas (nervioso, cardiovascular, digestivo, genitourinario, musculo esquelético, anomalías cromosómicas y 28 malformaciones específicas, se estimaron el porcentaje de muertes por MC (PM-MC y la tasa de mortalidad infantil por MC (TMI-MC en 3 períodos (1997-2001, 2002-2009, 2007-2011. La tendencia secular y la variación del riesgo de muerte se estimaron con un modelo de regresión de Poisson. RESULTADOS: Para todo Chile, la tendencia secular de la TMI-MC y el PM-MC fueron negativa y positiva, respectivamente (P < 0,01. La TMI-MC y el PM-MC exhibieron una heterogeneidad espacial discreta en las regiones administrativas y naturales. La región natural que más se acercó al patrón nacional fue la Central. La tendencia secular de la TMI-MC de los sistemas nervioso y cardíaco y de algunas MC específicas (anencefalia, espina bífida, y comunicaciones interauricular e interventricular fue negativa. El patrón de mortalidad infantil por MC para todo Chile se caracteriza por presentar en el período 1997-2011 un descenso de la TMI-MC y un aumento del PM-MC. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican que Chile se encuentra en un estadio avanzado de la transición epidemiológica de las causas de mortalidad infantil. Sin embargo, se observan disparidades interregionales de estos indicadores, más notorias en el sur del país.

EL ENFOQUE MIXTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOS ESTUDIOS FISCALES

OpenAIRE

Manuel Ildefonso Ruiz Medina; María del Socorro Borboa Quintero; Julio César Rodríguez Valdez

2013-01-01

La finalidad del presente documento, es orientar a los investigadores de estudios fiscales basado en la experiencia personal de quienes escriben, a encontrar los mecanismos aptos para elaborar sus tesis doctorales mediante un enfoque mixto, es decir, mediante la combinación de los enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo; en primera instancia, en nuestro trabajo de investigación se aplicó el enfoque cuantitativo para determinar resultados numéricos utilizando la técnica de la encuesta, cualitativa...

Enfoques conceptuales de la psicología en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén Ardila

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Se presentan los principales "enfoques" o marcos de referencia conceptuales de la psicología colombiana, dentro del contexto de los 60 años de la Sociedad Interamericana de Psicología (SIP. Dichos enfoques han sido el psicoanálisis, el análisis del comportamiento, la psicología humanista, la psicología cognitiva y la psicología de la liberación. Se presenta su historia, desarrollo y situación actual. Estos enfoques se enmarcan dentro del contexto de la psicología latinoamericana y mundial.

El enfoque de sistemas y de contingencias aplicado al proceso administrativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco Velásquez V.

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo corresponde a una reflexión sobre el proceso administrativo de las organizaciones (las funciones de planeación, organización, dirección o influencia y control desde la perspectiva del enfoque de sistemas y de contingencias. Para ello se abordan los planteamientos más representativos de los distintos enfoques, desde el enfoque clásico, hasta los aportes más contemporáneos. El artículo finaliza con una descripción del proceso administrativo según la tipología de la organizaciín (mecánico- estable y orgánica-adaptativa y las implicaciones que tiene para la gerencia. El enfoque de sistemas para la administración se fundamenta en la teoría general de sistemas. Ludwig von Bertalanffy, científico que trabajó principalmente en las áreas de la fisica y de la biología, ha sido reconocido como el fundador de la teoría general de sistemas. Bertalanff! elaboró una teoría interdisciplinaria capaz de trascender los problemas exclusivos de cada ciencia y de proporcionar principios (sean físicos, biológicos, psicológicos, sociológicos, químicos, etc. y modelos generales para todas las ciencias involucradas, de forma tal que los descubrimientos efectuados por cada ciencia pudieran ser utilizados por los demás. La Teoría General de la Administración experimentó una gradual y creciente ampliación de enfoque, desde el enfoque clásico, el enfoque de las relaciones humanas y el enfoque holístico. El enfoque clásico mediante la concepción de la organizaciín formal y técnica buscó dar respuesta a los problemas de productividad y eficiencia organizacional. En este enfoque es muy clara la contribución de la ingeniería y el supuesto de que la única motivación de los individuos en las organizaciones es la motivación económica. El enfoque de las relaciones humanas trabajó sobre la organización informal y con "rostro humano" y también buscó dar respuestas a los problemas de productividad y efrciencia

EL ENFOQUE MIXTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN EN LOS ESTUDIOS FISCALES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Ildefonso Ruiz Medina

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La finalidad del presente documento, es orientar a los investigadores de estudios fiscales basado en la experiencia personal de quienes escriben, a encontrar los mecanismos aptos para elaborar sus tesis doctorales mediante un enfoque mixto, es decir, mediante la combinación de los enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo; en primera instancia, en nuestro trabajo de investigación se aplicó el enfoque cuantitativo para determinar resultados numéricos utilizando la técnica de la encuesta, cualitativamente se recurrió a la tradición de estudio de caso y a entrevistas abiertas a los sujetos de la investigación, lo que permitió confirmar el marco teórico y alcanzar los objetivos planteados, la intención era explicar, describir y explorar información de un programa específico de una política pública. En los estudios fiscales dependiendo del enfoque que se haya seleccionado una vez elaborados los objetivos, el investigador debe tener muy en cuenta que los resultados que obtenga deben ser claramente analizados y que deben reflejar confiabilidad y validez; probablemente al escoger el enfoque cualitativo se alcancen los objetivos propuestos, pero si no se tiene la certeza o la confianza suficiente, es recomendable ir más allá y utilizar el enfoque cuantitativo para ofrecer claridad y confianza a los resultados.

Tratamiento de las malformaciones venosas con alambres de cobre Treatment of venous malformations with cooper wires

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

F. Coiffman

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Las lesiones vasculares de la piel constituyen la anomalía congénita más frecuente. Van desde una simple mácula rosada, hasta tumores deformantes e incapacitantes. La gran mayoría desaparece en el primer año de vida. Otras involucionan espontáneamente en los primeros 6 años. Son más frecuentes en la mujer y en la raza blanca. Hay múltiples tratamientos, pero ninguno da garantías absolutas de curación. En base a las observaciones de los campesinos que notan que una lesión de este tipo, cuando es puncionada o se ulcera reduce de tamaño, Wang en China, recomendó puncionar las malformaciones venosas con agujas de cobre y aplicar sobre ellas ligeras descargas eléctricas. Nosotros modificamos el método: implantamos simples alambres de cobre usando una aguja recta larga y bajo anestesia local ambulatoriamente, creando un emparrillado de alambres en la lesión. A la semana los extraemos. La irritación que producimos estimula la coagulación intravascular y al reabsorberse los coágulos, la malformación desaparece o por lo menos reduce considerablemente de tamaño. Si es necesario, después resecamos la piel sobrante bajo anestesia local también de forma ambulatoria. Este método resulta muy efectivo, es sencillo, económico y puede ser practicado por cualquier cirujano. En 68 casos tratados en los últimos 15 años, no hemos tenido complicaciones serias, excepto dolor y edema en el postoperatorio inmediato.Vascular injuries of the skin constitute the most frequent congenital anomaly. They go from a simple pink stain, up to tumors that can cause great deformities. Most of them disappears in the first year of life. Other, suffers spontaneous involution in the first 6 years. They are more frequent in woman and in white race. There are multiple treatments, but none gives absolute guarantees. On the basis of the observations of rural people, who notice that an injury of this type, when it is punctioned or sore reduces its size, Wang in

EL ENFOQUE DE SISTEMAS Y DE CONTINGENCIAS APLICADO AL PROCESO ADMINISTRATIVO

OpenAIRE

VELÁSQUEZ, FRANCISCO

2000-01-01

El presente artículo corresponde a una reflexión sobre el proceso administrativo de las organizaciones (las funciones de planeación, organización, dirección o influencia y control) desde la perspectiva del enfoque de sistemas y de contingencias. Para ello se abordan los planteamientos más representativos de los distintos enfoques, desde el enfoque clásico, hasta los aportes más contemporáneos. El artículo finaliza con una descripción del proceso administrat...

Mortalidad intrahospitalaria por accidente cerebrovascular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Federico Rodríguez Lucci

2013-08-01

Full Text Available La mortalidad global por accidente cerebrovascular (ACV ha disminuido en las últimas tres décadas, probablemente debido a un mejor control de los factores de riesgo vascular. La mortalidad hospitalaria por ACV ha sido tradicionalmente estimada entre 6 y 14% en la mayoría de las series comunicadas. Sin embargo, los datos de ensayos clínicos recientes sugieren que esta cifra sería sustancialmente menor. Se revisaron datos de pacientes internados con diagnóstico de ACV del Banco de Datos de Stroke de FLENI y los registros institucionales de mortalidad entre los años 2000 y 2010. Los subtipos de ACV isquémicos se clasificaron según criterios TOAST y los ACV hemorrágicos en hematomas intrapanquimatosos, hemorragias subaracnoideas aneurismáticas, malformaciones arteriovenosas y otros hematomas intraparenquimatosos. Se analizaron 1514 pacientes, 1079 (71% con ACV isquémico (grandes vasos 39%, cardioembólicos 27%, lacunares 9%, etiología indeterminada 14%, otras etiologías 11% y 435 (29% con ACV hemorrágico (intraparenquimatosos 27%, hemorragia subaracnoidea 30%, malformaciones arteriovenosas 25% y otros hematomas espontáneos 18%. Se registraron 38 muertes intrahospitalarias (17 ACV isquémicos y 21 ACV hemorrágicos, representando una mortalidad global del 2.5% (1.7% en ACV isquémicos y 4.8% en ACV hemorrágicos. No se registraron muertes asociadas al uso de fibrinolíticos endovenosos. La mortalidad intrahospitalaria en pacientes con ACV isquémico y hemorrágico en nuestro centro fue baja. El manejo en un centro dedicado a las enfermedades neurológicas y el enfoque multidisciplinario por personal médico y no médico entrenado en el cuidado de la enfermedad cerebrovascular podrían explicar, al menos en parte, estos resultados.

PERFIL DA DISFAGIA APÓS UM ACIDENTE VASCULAR CEREBRAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

OpenAIRE

CARINA TEIXEIRA PAIXÃO; LOLITA DOPICO DA SILVA; FLAVIA GIRON CAMERINI

2010-01-01

Este artículo trata de disfagia decurrente de una enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC). El objetivo fue determinar el perfil de las publicaciones acerca de la disfagia en pacientes víctimas de EVC. Investigación de revisión integradora que usó los mismos descriptores en las bases Medline, Scielo e Lilacs, seleccionando 17 artículos entre 1998 a 2008. Los datos fueron analizados a partir de las categorías correspondientes a los enfoques de las publicaciones encontradas. Los resultados muestran d...

La publicidad y el enfoque de la imagen femenina

OpenAIRE

Sánchez-Aranda, J.J. (José Javier)

2003-01-01

Desde hace años se ha reivindicado la necesidad de que la publicidad presente una imagen de la mujer más adecuada a la realidad presente. A partir de la Teoría del Enfoque se pueden esclarecer algunos conceptos fundamentales que ayuden a resolver algunas de los problemas planteados con esas protestas. Tras presentar los puntos más controvertidos que suelen destacarse y aplicar la Teoría del Enfoque al ámbito específico de la publicidad, se intenta delimitar los aspectos centrales de la polémi...

Malformaciones congénitas en hijos de madres epilépticas con y sin tratamiento con anticonvulsivantes Congenital malformations in the offspring of epileptic mothers with and without anticonvulsant treatment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jazmín Arteaga-Vázquez

2012-12-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia y tipo de malformaciones congénitas (MC en hijos de madres epilépticas (HME tratadas y no tratadas con anticonvulsivantes, la posible correlación anticonvulsivante/MC y la asociación con otras alteraciones del desarrollo. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio multicéntrico de casos y controles en 166 recién nacidos vivos HME identificados en 21 501 recién nacidos con MC y respectivos controles del Registro y Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Malformaciones Congénitas (RYVEMCE. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de MC en HME tratadas fue mayor, (48.3% que en HME no tratadas (28.3%; (RM= 2.37 IC95% 1.08-5.40, p=0.03. Las MC más frecuentes fueron espina bífida, anomalías en reducción de miembros, labio/paladar hendido, microcefalia, anotia/microtia, hipospadias, paladar hendido, polidactilia, anoftalmia/microftalmia y onfalocele. No hubo diferencias entre uso de mono o politerapia. La difenilhidantoína, carbamazepina y ácido valproico fueron los anticonvulsivantes más utilizados. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados confirman la teratogenicidad propia de la epilepsia y el efecto sinérgico de ciertos anticonvulsivantes, lo que evidencia la necesidad de un apropiado control periconcepcional de esta enfermedad y su tratamiento.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence at birth and type of congenital malformations (CM in newborns of epileptic mothers (NEM treated and not treated with anticonvulsants, the correlation anticonvulsant/CM and other developmental disorders. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicenter case-control study, in 166 live births NEM diagnosed in 21 501 newborns with CM and respective controls from the Registro y Vigilancia Epidemiológica de Malformaciones Congénitas (RYVEMCE. RESULTS: The frequency of CM in NEM treated with anticonvulsants was higher (48.3% than in NEM of untreated mothers (28.3%, (OR= 2.37 IC95% 1.08-5.40, p=0.03. CMs most frequently found were: spina bifida, limb reduction defects, cleft lip palate

Un nuevo enfoque para modelos de inversión-consumo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan Pablo Rincón Zapatero

2000-01-01

Full Text Available El enfoque clásico para el estudio de pro lemas de control estocástico se asa en la ecuación de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman, que caracteriza a la función valor óptimo En este trabajo mostramos que en ciertos problemas es posible deducir ecuaciones en derivadas parciales que caracterizan directamente al control óptimo y que presentan una estructura más sencilla. Aplicamos este nuevo enfoque al estudio de algunos pro lemas de inversión-consumo

Prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas en hijos de madres mayores de 34 años y adolescentes: Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, 2002-2011

OpenAIRE

Nazer Herrera,Julio; Cifuentes Ovalle,Lucía

2013-01-01

Antecedentes: Las madres mayores de 34 años han aumentado en Chile. La mayor edad materna aumenta el riesgo de malformaciones congénitas (MFC) Objetivos: Determinar la tasa de prevalencia de MFC entre adolescentes y mayores de 34 años. Método: Se utilizó la base de datos de la Maternidad del Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (2002-2011). Se estudió todos los nacimientos, vivos, mortinatos y malformados de 500 gramos o más, de madres menores de 20 y mayores de 34 años. Se calculó y comparó...

Notas sobre infancia y teoría: un enfoque latinoamericano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Bustelo Graffigna

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo introducir y revisar algunas alternativas teóricas históricamente relevantes y plantear ciertos delineamientos que permitan desarrollar un enfoque teórico latinoamericano basado en un nuevo discurso sobre la infancia y la adolescencia. Para comenzar a elaborar un enfoque latinoamericano, entendiendo la categoría infancia como una construcción histórica y social, se parte de las aportaciones del enfoque estructural (en particular, el carácter de categoría permanente, su dimensión relacional respecto de la adultez y su dimensión histórica e intercultural y las contribuciones de Foucault y Deleuze con el concepto de sociedad de control asociado a la categoría de dominación, muy propia del pensamiento latinoamericano. El texto corresponde a la conferencia presentada en el V Congreso Mundial por los Derechos de la Infancia y la Adolescencia realizado en San Juan, Argentina, entre el 15 y el 19 de octubre de 2012.

Intra-osseous vascular malformation in the maxilla

OpenAIRE

Naveenjayakumar,; Vivek, N.; Pradeep,; Nithin,; Salins, P.; Subhashraj,

2009-01-01

Las malformaciones arterio-venosas intraóseas (MAVs) en la región maxilofacial son entidades clínicas poco frecuentes. Ofrecen una amplia gama de presentación clínica y no siempre se diagnostican sin sorpresa. El tratamiento de estas lesiones siempre ha representado un reto para el cirujano debido a su intensa vascularización y a la elevada incidencia de recurrencia. Se presenta el caso de una malformación arterio-venosa intraósea en el maxilar superior que se manifiesta como sangrado gingiva...

La competitividad internacional de los destinos turísticos: del enfoque macroeconómico al enfoque estratégico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María de la O Barroso González

2006-01-01

Full Text Available Ante el continuo incremento de la competencia entre destinos turísticos, se hace necesario profundizar en el análisis de los factores explicativos de la competitividad de los mismos. Para ayudar a conseguir este propósito en el presente artículo se hace una revisión de la teoría de la competitividad internacional de los destinos turísticos con enfoque macroeconómico basada en el concepto de ventaja comparativa. Ello nos va a permitir detectar tanto sus virtudes como limitaciones a la hora de analizar la competencia actual entre destinos. Por otro lado, también se hace un repaso bibliográfico por las principales causas que han llevado a la elaboración de una nueva teoría de la competitividad de los destinos turísticos con enfoque estratégico basada en el concepto de ventaja competitiva.

Un nuevo enfoque para la resolución de problemas: redes neuronales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonatán Gómez Perdomo

2015-05-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN El siguiente artículo  expone los lineamientos generales de un nuevo enfoque para la resolución de problemas mediante computador. Inspiradas en las redes neuronales biológicas, las redes neuronales artifíciales han  mostrado mayor efectividad para resolver problemas que los enfoques tradicionales no han  solucionado o lo han hecho de manera parcial. En la actualidad este enfoque ha ganado un gran auge, lo cual ha generado en el país grupos de investigación que están trabajando sobre sí mismo. Como parte de su trabajo  en el grupo de la Universidad Nacional, los autores desarrollan una herramienta para el diseño, entrenamiento y simulación de redes neuronales artificiales. Las características generales de esta herramienta  se exponen al final.

El enfoque léxico en los manuales de ELE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vidiella Andreu, Mercè

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Suplemento del número 14 de marcoELE (enero - junio de 2012 Este trabajo consiste en analizar en qué grado y cómo se aplica el enfoque léxico en la enseñanza de ELE. Para ello, revisamos las últimas aportaciones del enfoque léxico a la didáctica del vocabulario ELE. Fijamos el objetivo de examinar una selección de cinco manuales para comprobar el grado de aplicación del enfoque léxico y la manera como se hace, es decir, examinamos la puesta en práctica de dicho enfoque. Para cumplir nuestro objetivo, analizamos: la variedad de unidades léxicas trabajadas, la relación entre el léxico y la gramática, la tipología de actividades de léxico propuestas, la relación entre vocabulario y destrezas, las estrategias de aprendizaje para aprender léxico y, por último, la variedad de recursos didácticos sugeridos. Este análisis nos permitió comprobar la importancia que los cinco manuales otorgan al componente léxico para que los aprendientes logren la competencia comunicativa. Por otro lado, el análisis puso de relieve algunas divergencias, como la manera de tratar las colocaciones o las estrategias de aprendizaje empleadas. Por último, a partir de una de las carencias observadas, como el uso del diccionario de aprendizaje para mejorar las producciones, diseñamos una secuencia didáctica que mostrara un modelo de presentación y trabajo de léxico con el soporte del diccionario de aprendizaje.

Nuevos Enfoques, Nuevas Perspectivas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel IÑIGUEZ CAMPOS

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Desde el ano 2006 la historiográfica sobrela Guerra Civil, pese a la saturación de obras que sufre el mercado, ha ido cubriendo lagunas gracias a los avances aportados por nuevos enfoques. En el presente articulo analizaremos las principales novedades provenientes del campo de la memoria, la microhistoria, la historia social y cultural y la historia oral. Muy enriquecedora ha sido la apertura de la historia a otras disciplinas como la antropología social, los estudios culturales o la sociología de la de la movilización colectiva. A pesar de los avances, aún persisten lagunas que cubrir

Enfoque de capacidades y sostenibilidad Aportaciones de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Colmenarejo

2016-01-01

Full Text Available La naturaleza interdisciplinar del “enfoque de las capacidades” (ca, por sus siglas en inglés ha hecho que su estudio se encuentre diseminado en un amplio espectro de revistas. Así el ca se ha asentado en las áreas de la filosofía política o la economía del desarrollo, y ha ampliado su alcance al ser utilizado como marco teórico para la creación de indicadores sobre la privación, la calidad de vida o la salud, o bien para abordar las cuestiones de la educación superior o el impacto de la tecnología en la vida de las personas. Se ofrece una visión general sobre los principales conceptos empleados en ese enfoque, buscando distinguir las propuestas de A. Sen y M. Nussbaum, con el fin de analizar la idea de sostenibilidad y su incorporación en la agenda del enfoque.

Enfoque de capacidades y sostenibilidad. Aportaciones de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Colmenarejo

2016-04-01

Full Text Available La naturaleza interdisciplinar del “enfoque de las capacidades” (ca, por sus siglas en inglés ha hecho que su estudio se encuentre diseminado en un amplio espectro de revistas. Así el case ha asentado en las áreas de la filosofía política o la economía del desarrollo, y ha ampliado su alcance al ser utilizado como marco teórico para la creación de indicadores sobre la privación, la calidad de vida o la salud, o bien para abordar las cuestiones de la educación superior o el impacto de la tecnología en la vida de las personas. Se ofrece una visión general sobre los principales conceptos empleados en ese enfoque, buscando distinguir las propuestas de A. Sen y M. Nussbaum, con el fin de analizar la idea de sostenibilidad y su incorporación en la agenda del enfoque.

Metas blandas y metas duras en el enfoque de Desarrollo Humano

OpenAIRE

Uribe López, Mauricio

2011-01-01

El paradigma de desarrollo humano ha tenido amplia aceptación. Sin embargo ha sido el enfoque blando -restringido a la puesta en marcha de políticas sociales que contribuyen a la expansión de ciertas capacidades básicas- que el enfoque duro -que implica reformas redistributivas- el que más se ha tenido en cuenta. Aunque la equidad en la distribución de los medios (ingreso y  riqueza) no es la medida más apropiada de la justicia económica ya que ésta no garantiza la equidad en el logro de los ...

Metas blandas y metas duras en el enfoque de Desarrollo Humano

OpenAIRE

Uribe López, Mauricio

2009-01-01

El paradigma de desarrollo humano ha tenido amplia aceptación. Sin embargo ha sido el enfoque blando -restringido a la puesta en marcha de políticas sociales que contribuyen a la expansión de ciertas capacidades básicas-que el enfoque duro -que implica reformas redistributivas- el que más se ha tenido en cuenta. Aunque la equidad en la distribución de los medios (ingreso y riqueza) no es la medida más apropiada de la justicia económica ya que ésta no garantiza la equidad en el logro de los fi...

La implantacion del enfoque constructivista en el aula de ciencia: Estudio de caso multiple

Science.gov (United States)

Arroyo Betancourt, Luz I.

Esta investigacion estudia la implantacion del enfoque constructivista en tres aulas de ciencia del contexto puertorriqueno. Se auscultaron las practicas educativas que utilizan maestras consideradas constructivistas y la correspondencia de sus practicas educativas con los elementos esenciales de la didactica que proponen los teoricos de los planteamientos constructivistas. Se ausculto, ademas, a que vision del enfoque constructivista responden las expresiones de las maestras acerca de su practica educativa y como compara con su quehacer, a la luz de los elementos esenciales de las visiones constructivistas piagetiana, social y radical. Se utilizo el diseno de estudio descriptivo de caso multiple. El estudio se baso en entrevistas a profundidad, revision de documentos y observacion no participativa a la sala de clases. El contexto fueron tres escuelas publicas de la Region Educativa de San Juan, una elemental, una intermedia y una superior. Los resultados confirmaron que la transicion hacia el enfoque constructivista es un proceso que toma tiempo, dedicacion y la participacion en adiestramientos y readiestramientos acerca del nuevo enfoque. Las maestras coinciden en la mayoria de las practicas educativas que utilizan para implantar el enfoque constructivista de ensenanza y difieren en algunas debido, probablemente, a que han tenido que adaptarlas a los correspondientes niveles de ensenanza: elemental, intermedio y superior. Dos de las maestras planifican por conceptos generadores, mientras que una de ellas planifica siguiendo la guia que recibe del Departamento de Educacion. Difieren ademas, en el enfasis que confieren al inquirir cientifico. Con relacion a la correspondencia entre la vision manifestada por las maestras a la luz de las visiones piagetiana, social y radical, aparentemente, las preguntas del protocolo de entrevistas no lograron evocar la informacion con suficiente profundidad, por lo que la investigadora tuvo que inferir las visiones de las

Enfoques de aprendizaje en los estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Herney Andrés García-Perdomo

2016-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los enfoques de aprendizaje predominantes en los estudiantes de Medicina de una universidad en la ciudad de Cali. Se realizó un enfoque mixto, con paradigma sociocrítico y un tipo de estudio observacional descriptivo. Se realizó la implementación de una estrategia pedagógica basada en una herramienta virtual que permitiera incrementar la apropiación de conocimiento. Se utilizó el instrumento de valoración de los enfoques de aprendizaje R-SPQ-2F. Se analizaron las variables cuantitativas en STATA 10. Se encontró que 45 % de los estudiantes presentó un enfoque profundo y 30 % profundo/memorístico. 15 % no tenía enfoque de aprendizaje y 10 % tuvo enfoques entre superficial, memorístico y superficial/memorístico. Se concluyó que la mayoría de los estudiantes tenía un enfoque profundo o profundo/memorístico, aunque el 25 % presentó un enfoque superficial o memorístico. AbstractThe aim of this research paper is to determine the different learning approaches that predominate in medical students at one university. The research has a mixed approach, a sociocritical paradigm and an observational descriptive approach. It was implemented by carrying out a pedagogic strategy based on a virtual tool which allows to increase the appropriation of knowledge. An instrument for the valuation of learning approaches R-SPQ-2F was used. Quantitative variables were analyzed in STATA 10. It was found that 45 % of the students showed a deep appropriation trend, with 30 % gaining deep memory acquisition; 15 % lack learning skills; and 10 % with a superficial, memory acquisition ability. It was concluded that the majority of students had a deep or deep/memory acquired acquisition ability and that 25% showed a superficial or memory acquired trend.

El ocio y los enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios de Enfermer??a

OpenAIRE

L??pez Alonso, Ana Isabel; L??pez Aguado, Mercedes; Gonz??lez Mill??n, Ismael; Fern??ndez Mart??nez, Mar??a Elena

2012-01-01

P. 53-70 Se analiza la relaci??n establecida entre percepci??n de tiempo libre y ocio y enfoques de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Para ello se realiza una investigaci??n por encuesta en la que participan 210 alumnos de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Le??n. La hip??tesis de partida es que los estudiantes que presentan un enfoque de aprendizaje predominantemente profundo percibir??n disponer de menos tiempo de ocio que aquellos que present...

Un enfoque de marketing educativo holístico en la formación profesional de grado superior

OpenAIRE

Rueda Osuna, Yolanda; Rosa Díaz, Isabel María; Buitrago Esquinas, Eva María (Coordinador); Sánchez Franco, Manuel Jesús (Coordinador)

2010-01-01

En este trabajo se aplica un enfoque de marketing educativo en el que se han integrado diferentes teorías emergentes de marketing, relacionadas con el enfoque hacia los stakeholders y una visión social y ética de los intercambios. Es una propuesta de marketing educativo diferencial, que no se centra en la satisfacción a corto plazo de un estudiante-cliente. El enfoque sistémico propuesto está relacionado con el largo plazo y con el beneficio social. En esta propuesta de sist...

Calidad de empleo con enfoque de género: Propuesta de un marco conceptual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Jessenia Becerra

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Las mujeres se encuentran en peores condiciones que los hombres en la mayoría de esferas de la vida. Además de esto, ciencias como la economía, con enfoque androcéntrico, invisibilizan la problemática. El análisis de la calidad de vida laboral (CVL con enfoque de género tiene un abordaje escaso, por esta razón, en el presente artículo se presenta un marco conceptual para su análisis del cual surgen dos instrumentos de medición, uno para los trabajadores y otro para la empresa. Estos instrumentos se basan, tanto en percepciones subjetivas como en datos objetivos, los cuales permiten por un lado, analizar la CVL dentro de una empresa y por otro, comparar los niveles con enfoque de género.

EVOLUCIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE POBREZA Y EL ENFOQUE MULTIDIMENSIONAL PARA SU ESTUDIO

OpenAIRE

Abigail Bazán Ojeda

2011-01-01

En el presente artículo4 reflexionamos sobre el concepto de pobreza a partir de aportaciones teóricas del siglo XX hasta nuestros días, observando que recientemente se ha planteado estudiar la pobreza desde un enfoque multidimensional. Dicho enfoque es importante para el estudio de los problemas relacionados con la pobreza, debido a que ésta no únicamente tienen que ver con la falta de oportunidades que tiene un individuo o familia para disponer de los recursos suficientes y poder así satisfa...

Frequencies of congenital malformations: assessment and prognosis of 52,744 births in three cities of Colombia Frecuencia de malformaciones congénitas: evaluación y pronóstico de 52.744 nacimientos en tres ciudades colombianas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolás Fernández

2010-03-01

Full Text Available Introduction. The Instituto de Genética Humana of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana conducted an epidemiological surveillance of congenital malformations as defined by criteria provided by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations.
Objective. The frequency of the main congenital malformations were tabulated for major urban centers in Colombia.
Materials and methods. Information was gathered from 52,744 newborns between April 2001 and January 2008 in three cities of Colombia (Bogotá, Ubaté and Manizales. Data included the age of mother, gestational age, gender and weight of the newborn and the congenital malformation. Cases were classified according to a prognostic scale to assess the impact of health team interventions in the recovery process.
Results. Congenital defects were noted in 3.1% of the newborns. The most frequent congenital defects were those of the ears. Clubfoot, polydactyly and cleft lip or palate were more common amongst males. The weight and gestational age were lower in the congenitally affected in comparison with the control group. The prognostic scale of congenital malformations indicated that most of these patients are at high risk of death or disability and that the intervention of the health team changed the patient´s prognosis in approximately 80% of the cases.
Conclusion. Frequencies of congenital malformations in Colombia were similar to those reported in other countries. The interventions of the health team in treating patients with congenital malformations directly affected patient prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and adequate interdisciplinary treatment were recommended by these data in order to reduce disability and improve the quality of life of these patients.Introducción. El Instituto de Genética Humana, de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, desarrolla un programa de vigilancia de malformaciones congénitas con metodologías modificadas del Estudio

Medidas de pobreza: un enfoque alternativo

OpenAIRE

Lazzari, Luisa L; Fernández, María José

2006-01-01

Una medida creíble de pobreza e indigencia puede ser un poderoso instrumento para concentrar la atención del policymaker en las condiciones de vida de los pobres. Las opciones elegidas para fijarlas tienen gran importancia para las decisiones políticas a tomar. El método indirecto o enfoque del ingreso parte de la valorización de una Canasta Básica Alimentaria (CBA) que determina la cantidad de calorías mínimas necesarias para satisfacer las necesidades biológicas básicas de...

Determinantes de la cuenta corriente en Colombia: un enfoque intertempora

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elkin Castaño,

1999-07-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende examinar los determinantes de la cuenta corriente en Colombia entre 1950 y 1997 a partir del enfoque intertemporal. Este plantea, en su forma más simple, que las desviaciones transitorias del ingreso, del consumo privado y del consumo público, afectan positivamente, en el primer caso, y negativamente, en el segundo y tercero a la cuenta corriente. Esto es, los agentes económicos financian las caídas transitorias del producto y los aumentos del consumo, con respecto a sus niveles permanentes, mediante mayores ahorros externos, generando un déficit en cuenta corriente. La comprobación econométrica arroja evidencia favorable al enfoque intertemporal utilizado. Los movimientos de la cuenta corriente parecen estar más estrechamente asociados con las variaciones en el ahorro que en la inversión.

Enfoque por competencias, ¿una respuesta al fracaso escolar?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Philippe Perrenooud

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Son tiempos de reflexión sobre las competencias. Queda mucho por investigar acerca de sus posibilidades pero es cierto que, desde el punto de vista teórico, el enfoque por competencias se presenta como potente al complementar una pedagogía que, tradicionalmente, se ha centrado en las disciplinas y en los saberes. Pero también este enfoque aparece fuerte en el campo de la formación en la medida en que viene vinculado a las prácticas sociales y educativas, al trabajo pedagógico de los problemas educativos en las diferentes situaciones, a los proyectos que los educadores desean materializar en sus lugares de trabajo. Están por demostrar las expectativas puestas en el enfoque por competencias y este texto trata de pensar toda una serie de cuestiones relacionadas con su puesta en marcha en los contextos formativos.---------------------------------------------------------------------These are times for reflection on skills. There is much left to investigate on their possibilities but it is true that, from the theoretical point of view, the skill approach appears to be powerful by complementing a pedagogy which, tradicionally, has focused on the knowledge and disciplines. But this approach appears strongly in the training field as it is linked to the social and educational practices, to the pedagogic work on educative problems, to the different situations, to the project that teachers wish to materialize in the labor places. Still to be demonstrated are the expectations on the skills approach, and this text tries to think on a series of matters related with its set in motion in the learning contexts.

Análisis del aprendizaje del profesorado en formación: ¿pertenecen sus enfoques de aprendizaje a un continuo?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Belén GARCÍA BERBÉN

2005-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio pretende conocer el enfoque de aprendizaje del alumnado de magisterio y psicopedagogía (N=215 de la Universidad de Granada, y comprobar si éstos enfoques pertenecen o no a un continuo. Los datos se obtienen del revised two-factor study process questionnaire (BIGGS, KEMBER & LEUNG, 2001 traducido y adaptado por De la Fuente y Martínez (2003. Los resultados muestran un porcentaje similar de alumnado que adopta el enfoque profundo y superficial predominantemente, pero la mayoría del alumnado no puede clasificarse en ninguno de los enfoques estudiados, presentando unas características motivacionales y estratégicas interesantes para la enseñanza con los créditos ECTS.

ANÁLISIS DE LOS ENFOQUES ORGANIZATIVOS DE LAS TENDENCIAS ECONÓMICAS, CULTURALES, SOCIALES Y TECNOLÓGICAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Iván Alonso Montoya Restrepo

2004-07-01

Full Text Available El nuevo siglo, reconocido como el tiempo del conocimiento, plantea múltiples retos y cambios para las organizaciones. Este artículo contiene dos importantes enfoques: primero se revisarán los retos provenientes del entorno y posteriormente los retos internos de cada una de las empresas, finalizando con un enfoque biológico de las mismas.

Obesidad infantil: un nuevo enfoque para su estudio

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabian Leonardo Muñoz Muñoz

2017-01-01

Full Text Available La Organización Mundial de la Salud ( OMS ha catalogado la obesidad infantil como la mayor crisis de la salud pública en el mundo. En su informe de 2014 indica que se registraron cuarenta y dos millones de niños menores de 5 años con sobrepeso; de ellos, treinta y cinco millones viven en países en desarrollo. La obesidad infantil es una enfermedad que tiene como origen una cadena causal compleja, de etiología multifactorial, en la que interactúan factores individuales y contextuales; en ellos el niño se encuentra inmerso, y ejercen influencia sobre su comportamiento, en diversos entornos y en diferentes niveles de jerarquía. Esta revisión presenta una descripción de algunos estudios y esfuerzos realizados para carac - terizar, prevenir y controlar la epidemia de obesidad en esta etapa del ciclo vital. Se propone, así mismo, un abordaje para el estudio de la obesidad, denominado ‘Enfoque de sistemas complejos’, el cual permite analizar cómo los factores individuales y contextuales se relacionan, y cómo esa interacción genera nuevas propiedades que no pueden explicarse a partir de los procedimientos habituales de análisis epidemiológico; para ello será necesario el trabajo en equipo, con enfoque multidisciplinario, que incluya médicos, pediatras, nutricionistas, epidemiólogos, salubristas, estadísticos, ingenieros, entre otros profesionales, que aporten sus conocimientos y habilidades, que permitan entender la obesidad como un fenómeno dinámi - co que requiere ser abordado con un enfoque integral e integrador, que trascienda la mirada reduccionista de los factores de riesgo del proceso salud – enfermedad. Solo entonces se podrá mejorar la capacidad para comprender la salud desde una perspectiva clásica hasta un sistema verdaderamente dinámico.

Prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas detectadas al nacimiento en un hospital de segundo nivel en Sinaloa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ana Beatriz Calderón-Alvarado

2017-11-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCCIÓN: la prevalencia de malformaciones congénitas (MC detectadas al nacimiento es de 2 a 5.5 neonatos vivos, variando significativamente según las características de la población y metodología del estudio.   OBJETIVO: determinar la prevalencia y tipos de MC en los recién nacidos atendidos por el servicio de neonatología en un periodo de un año.   MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal. Se revisaron expedientes clínicos de recién nacidos vivos atendidos en el servicio de neonatología de nuestra institución durante el año 2015. Se incluyeron neonatos con alteraciones morfológicas detectadas al nacimiento y/o antes del alta hospitalaria, referidas en el expediente.   RESULTADOS: se detectaron 117 MC en 98 neonatos, de un total de 4,097 estudiados, obteniendo una prevalencia de 2.39% en el análisis por individuo y de 2.85%, tomando en cuenta el total de MC. Los aparatos y sistemas más afectados fueron: genitourinario (29.1%, osteomuscular (21.4% y circulatorio (16.2%. Las MC más frecuentes fueron: criptorquidia (14.5%, hipospadias (12.8% y anquiloglosia (10.3%. CONCLUSIÓN: la tasa de prevalencia de MC fue de 23.9 por 1,000 recién nacidos vivos, lo cual coincide con la reportada en el resto del mundo, siendo el aparato genitourinario el más afectado y la criptorquidia la MC más frecuente en nuestra población.

La Psicomotricidad Educativa: un enfoque natural

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Javier MENDIARAS RIVAS

2008-01-01

Full Text Available En la escuela siempre ha primado lo intelectual sobre lo motor y el desarrollo personal. Siempre ha sido así y será difícil erradicarlo. La llegada de la psicomotricidad parece que podía acercar posiciones, pero la psicomotricidad que se instala en la escuela sigue primando los aspectos psicológicos sobre los motores. En este trabajo se presentan una noción de psicomotricidad educativa y un enfoque natural de la misma que pueden atenuar esa tendencia y contribuir a un desarrollo más equilibrado de los aspectos que componen la personalidad infantil.

Gestión universitaria: un enfoque holístico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Horacio V. Barreda Tamayo

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Un breve análisis comparativo de los resultados y características de las universidades en el Perú (Censo Universitario 2010; con referencia a las mejores universidades a nivel internacional (Oppenheimer, 2010. Nos permite alertar a la conciencia nacional, sobre la necesidad de hacer un cambio en la gestión universitaria vigente. De no hacer nada, podemos afirmar que a futuro vamos a estar peor que ahora, porque aumentará la brecha negativa. Para lograr mejores resultados a mediano plazo, se propone un enfoque holístico de la gestión universitaria. El enfoque holístico propuesto, considera dos niveles de gestión, uno a nivel macro y otro a nivel micro. La macro gestión universitaria vincula los resultados de la educación universitaria con el desarrollo sostenible de cada País y la educación en general. La micro gestión universitaria, es la que debe desarrollarse al interior de cada Institución a nivel funcional.

Secuencias de aprendizaje. ¿Un problema del enfoque de competencias o un reencuentro con perspectivas didácticas?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ángel Díaz Barriga

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo está construido a partir de dos tesis que constituyen el hilo rector del mismo. La primera se refiere a que en estricto sentido no existe una forma o estrategia específica para trabajar en el aula desde el enfoque de competencias. A partir de ello se fundamenta como un enfoque didáctico permite la construcción de secuencias didácticas. La segunda tesis afirma que el enfoque de competencias en educación se encuentra en una fase incipiente, los que escriben sobre el tema no asumen que su desarrollo conceptual o práctico se realiza desde una escuela de pensamiento en competencias. A partir de ello se cuestionan las o rientaciones que se dan a los docentes para trabajar con el enfoque de competencias, pues en su mayoría significan un retorno a diversas propuestas conductuales y se ofrece un modelo de trabajo desde una visión pedagógica del tema.

Actividades cooperativas de traducción en el enfoque por tareas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vázquez Mariño, Iria

2012-03-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo, nuestra intención es demostrar cómo se pueden incluir actividades de traducción en nuestras clases de ELE, teniendo en cuenta que en la actualidad nos encontramos inmersos en los denominados enfoques comunicativos. Para ello haremos una breve revisión de en qué consistía el método de gramática-traducción y de qué manera se podría sacar provecho de algunos aspectos de este tipo de metodología, por medio de actividades de mediación y traducción insertas en el enfoque por tareas. Por último, se presentarán ejemplos de estos tipos de actividades contextualizadas en unidades didácticas y que se pueden realizar siguiendo los principios del aprendizaje cooperativo.

ENFOQUES TEÓRICOS Y DEFINICIONES DE LA TECNOLOGÍA EDUCATIVA EN EL SIGLO XX

OpenAIRE

Manuel Luján Ferrer; Flora Salas Madriz

2009-01-01

La tecnología educativa y los enfoques teóricos asociados al quehacer de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje durante el siglo XX impactaron en la práctica educativa en las organizaciones de este tipo, la formación de los docentes, la selección, uso y evaluación de medios permitió valorar los aportes al sistema educativo sin descuidar las concepciones de las teorías de aprendizaje y la contribución de la didáctica al mejoramiento de la calidad. Este trabajo expone los principales enfoques ...

Localización de Instalaciones. Enfoque Cuantitativo

OpenAIRE

Juan Gabriel Correa Medina; Reyes Hernández Díaz

2004-01-01

Aplicación de la Informática a el problema de localización de instalaciones desde un aspecto cuantitativo, tomando como base el método de centro de gravedad, utilizando tanto la técnica de la mediana simple como la de distancias euclidianas. Dicho artículo es un extracto de la tesis de grado, Ubicación de Empresas, Enfoque Cuantitativo, cuyo sustentante es el autor del presente artículo. Cabe mencionar que dicha tesis fue auspiciada por el Consejo de Ciencia y Tecno...

Evaluación del desempeño ambiental bajo enfoque de cadena de abastecimiento verde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

William Ariel Sarache-Castro

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Entre los enfoques existentes de gestión ambiental, la gestión de cadenas de abastecimiento verde (Green Supply Chain Managemen t, GSCM, se ha convertido en uno de los más relevantes en los últimos años. El en foque GSCM aborda todos los procesos y actividad es que componen la cadena de abastecimiento en los eslabones de aprovi sionamiento, manufactura y entregas, incluyendo también el diseñ o, las compras, el marketing y la logística inve rsa. Aunque la revisión bibliográfica permiti ó identificar la existencia de una gran v ariedad de indicadores de desempeño ambiental que se enmarcan en el enfoque PresiónEstadoRes puesta, no se encontraron indicadores aplica dos bajo un enfoque GSCM. Por tanto, el presente ar tículo expone una metodología para la cons trucción de un indicador de corte multicrit erio que permite evaluar el desempeño ambiental desde el enfoque GSCM, con base en 8 procesos y 32 actividades detectadas en la revisión de literatura. El indicador fue aplicado en un grupo de 14 empresas de la región cafetera de Colombia. Los resultados indican un d esempeño heterogéneo entre las compañías analizadas y un rezago importante en algunos procesos.

El enfoque de gestión por procesos y el diseño organizacional : el caso Antioqueño

OpenAIRE

López Carrizosa, Francisco José

2008-01-01

106 p. El trabajo de investigación “El enfoque de gestión por procesos y el diseño organizacional – El Caso Antioqueño”, presenta los conceptos, características, principios y metodología para la implementación del enfoque de gestión por procesos. Igualmente describe los conceptos y variables del diseño organizacional, y el impacto que tiene la adopción del enfoque de gestión por procesos en las variables del diseño. La investigación incluye tanto el análisis teórico por la consulta a di...

Atención neonatal y materno con enfoque de riesgo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ruiz de Cárdenas Carmen Helena

1991-12-01

Full Text Available

En los últimos años el enfoque de la atención en salud ha estado orientado hacia la atención primaria ejercida dentro de una comunidad determinada y vinculada a los organismos de nivel primario. Este enfoque que de por sí es una estrategia muy importante para el progreso de las comunidades, no ha permitido el desarrollo de acciones desde los niveles de atención secundaria y terciaria hacia la comunidad y los organismos de primer nivel. En el presente trabajo se pretende desarrollar un programa docente asistencial coordinado por una enfermera, con la participación de las facultades de Enfermería y Medicina de la Universidad Nacional y el Instituto Materno Infantil e implementar algunas estrategias de atención primaria con la participación de otros profesionales y la coordinación inter- institucional, en un organismo de tercer nivel como es el Instituto Materno Infantil y proyectarlos hacia la comunidad y los centros de salud correspondientes al área de influencia de la institución.

ENFOQUE DIALÓGICO DE COMPRENSIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Del Pino Sepúlveda

2012-01-01

Full Text Available La siguiente investigación corresponde a un estudio cualitativo que tiene por objetivo develar un enfoque de comprensión que está inserto en un paradigma de educación crítico comunicativo al trabajar en el aula con colaboradores de aprendizaje y la metodología de grupos interactivos. Esta investigación es la continuación del trabajo desarrollado en comprensión interactiva de textos argumentativos de Del Pino y otros (2009. En cuanto a resultados, por medio de una metodología comunicativa crítica de investigación, se develó que el enfoque de comprensión dialógico está sujeto a los tres tipos de mundo con los que interactúa el estudiante: mundo objetivo (lectura-decodificación, mundo subjetivo (lectura vivencial del estudiante y mundo social (lectura mundo; lecturas que, conjunto al modelo didáctico interactivo, se derivan en una comprensión intersubjetiva de los textos, entendiendo a éste como un territorio abierto y polifónico. A la vez que construye intersubjetivamente los significados de decodificación, permitiendo así la valoración de la emisión de argumentos por parte de los alumnos y demás agentes pedagógicos, involucrados en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje. Dicha construcción de argumentos, exige de la vinculación entre tipos de mundos y actos de habla en el proceso de comprensión compartida y consensuada, lo que permite dilucidar una racionalidad dirigida al entendimiento por parte de los estudiantes y demás agentes involucrados en el aula (racionalidad comunicativa.

El enfoque empírico-inductivo y los problemas de la investigación social en Venezuela

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sorayda Rincón

2001-05-01

Full Text Available El hombre históricamente ha estudiado el conocimiento humano, buscando diferenciar el conocimiento vulgar del conocimiento científico. Existen diversas formas de producir el conocimiento científico que comienzan a formalizarse antes del siglo XX y en el siglo XX. En el siglo XX uno de los enfoques más importantes para la producción de conocimiento fue el enfoque empírico inductivo (positivismo que aún hoy día tiene gran influencia en las ciencias sociales en Venezuela. Es por ello, que la presente investigación tiene como propósito disertar de manera teórica acerca del enfoque empírico inductivo, su influencia y limitaciones en la producción del conocimiento científico en las ciencias sociales; así como, conocer y describir la opinión de los profesores universitarios sobre el mismo y su utilidad en las asesorías de tesis de pre-grado y postgrado. Para lograr este último objetivo, se utilizó un sondeo de opinión a los profesores universitarios sobre los criterios fundamentales del enfoque empírico inductivo, a saber: criterio de demarcación, inducción probabilística, lenguaje lógico y unificación de la ciencia. Los datos obtenidos del sondeo de opinión se tabularon a través de estadística descriptiva, con análisis de frecuencia. Obteniendo como conclusión que este enfoque es aún utilizado por muchos investigadores en el área de lo social, que a pesar que en el discurso muchos niegan su uso, en las asesorías de tesis lo promueven, orientando las mismas hacia un referente empírico y generalizando a partir de probabilidades y estadísticas

Gestión de organizaciones: enfoques y aplicaciones

OpenAIRE

Zárate, Rodrigo; Argüelles Pabón, Denise Caroline; Aparicio García, Santiago; Largacha Martínez, Carlos; Pérez Uribe, Rafael; de la Hoz, Gerardo A.

2013-01-01

Una buena gestión puede transformar una organización. El libro Gestion de organizaciones enfoques y aplicaciones, realiza un análisis de todos los aspectos relevantes que llevan a una organización a generar nuevas y mejores prácticas para el impulso de su productividad y competitividad. se estudian diferentes modelos de gestión con el fin de potencializar el aprendizaje organizacional, es decir la gestión del conocimiento, del talento y la gestión por competencias....

Enfoque de competencias en el proceso formativo del especialista en Pediatría

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martha Ortiz García

Full Text Available En la educación superior desde el pasado siglo, se ha observado, de forma creciente, la aplicación del enfoque de competencias. En Cuba no se observa esta tendencia de forma explícita en los diseños, ni en el tratamiento pedagógico durante el proceso formativo. La formación basada en competencias constituye hoy una alternativa para su aplicación en la educación médica de posgrado. El objetivo de este trabajo es argumentar la necesidad de adoptar el enfoque de competencias en el proceso formativo del especialista en Pediatría. El trabajo es de carácter teórico, realizado por el departamento de Pediatría de la Facultad “Dr. Salvador Allende”, para el cual se aplicaron métodos teóricos y empíricos. En el escenario profesional y docente, competencia no es un término consensuado ni su interpretación homogénea. A través de un proceso de sistematización, se asume la definición de competencia como: combinación de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes; movilizar capacidades diversas para actuar logrando un desempeño; que este desempeño puede darse en diversos contextos, cuyos significados la persona debe ser capaz de comprender para que la actuación sea exitosa, y que es expresión del desarrollo de la personalidad. El análisis de la aplicación del enfoque de competencias en diversos países permite considerar la factibilidad y pertinencia de la formación, basada en competencias en la educación médica cubana. Se realiza un acercamiento al enfoque de competencias y la formación basada en competencias, considerando que es una propuesta viable para la formación de los especialistas en Pediatría en el contexto cubano.

Modelos teóricos de gestión del conocimiento: descriptores, conceptualizaciones y enfoques

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Víctor Avendaño Pérez

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Uno de los desafíos que enfrentan las organizaciones en la actualidad, consiste en transformar el conocimiento que cada individuo dispone en un conocimiento organizacional, y, a su vez, crear una cultura organizacional colaborativa que favorezca este proceso, para incrementar el patrimonio intelectual de la empresa. En este contexto, la gestión del conocimiento aparece como campo de estudio y estrategia organizacional: permite abordar estos retos; sin embargo, por su reciente aparición, aún los estudios y ensayos especializados son heterogéneos al respecto, en cuanto a sus conteni - dos. En este trabajo analizamos algunos modelos teóricos en función de descriptores y sus principales orientaciones; analizamos las definiciones de “conocimiento” y de “gestión de conocimiento”, ubicándolos en sus respectivos enfoques epistemológicos. Como principales resultados, se deduce que en los autores analizados predomina el enfoque objetivista del conocimiento, el enfoque organizacional de la gestión del conocimiento y la importancia de complementar el uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación con la creación de un clima organizacional colaborativo para gestionar de forma óptima el conocimiento en las organizaciones.

Bioprinting for vascular and vascularized tissue biofabrication.

Science.gov (United States)

Datta, Pallab; Ayan, Bugra; Ozbolat, Ibrahim T

2017-03-15

Bioprinting is a promising technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision. Bioprinting enables the deposition of various biologics including growth factors, cells, genes, neo-tissues and extra-cellular matrix-like hydrogels. Benefits of bioprinting have started to make a mark in the fields of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and pharmaceutics. Specifically, in the field of tissue engineering, the creation of vascularized tissue constructs has remained a principal challenge till date. However, given the myriad advantages over other biofabrication methods, it becomes organic to expect that bioprinting can provide a viable solution for the vascularization problem, and facilitate the clinical translation of tissue engineered constructs. This article provides a comprehensive account of bioprinting of vascular and vascularized tissue constructs. The review is structured as introducing the scope of bioprinting in tissue engineering applications, key vascular anatomical features and then a thorough coverage of 3D bioprinting using extrusion-, droplet- and laser-based bioprinting for fabrication of vascular tissue constructs. The review then provides the reader with the use of bioprinting for obtaining thick vascularized tissues using sacrificial bioink materials. Current challenges are discussed, a comparative evaluation of different bioprinting modalities is presented and future prospects are provided to the reader. Biofabrication of living tissues and organs at the clinically-relevant volumes vitally depends on the integration of vascular network. Despite the great progress in traditional biofabrication approaches, building perfusable hierarchical vascular network is a major challenge. Bioprinting is an emerging technology to fabricate design-specific tissue constructs due to its ability to create complex, heterocellular structures with anatomical precision

Las cooperativas y sus prácticas de resolución de conflictos desde el enfoque cualitativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jesús González

2011-10-01

Full Text Available En las cooperativas existen condiciones sociales que dan cuenta del conflicto y sus procesos sociales constitutivos en este tipo de organizaciones comunitarias, que por lo general no se alcanzan a percibir ni a comprender tan categóricamente bajo el enfoque de la metodología cuantitativa; de allí que el objeto del presente trabajo sea presentar los lineamientos generales para el estudio de las cooperativas y sus prácticas de resolución de conflictos desde el enfoque cualitativo. La metodología es de tipo teórico-documental dentro del cual se recurrió a técnicas como la revisión documental y el análisis de fuentes primarias. Entre los planteamientos más sobresalientes de este trabajo se tiene que el enfoque cualitativo favorece el desarrollo de categorías analíticas que no resultan del interés del investigador sino de los señalamientos de los propios sujetos participantes

Malformación arterio-venosa uterina y hemorragia obstétrica: diagnóstico y manejo en tres casos clínicos

OpenAIRE

Hasbun H, Jorge; Palavecino R, Patricio; Segura H, Patricia; Chavez R, Ignacio; Burgos S, Nelson; Tobar A, Hermógenes; Aliaga Q, Adolfo

2014-01-01

Las malformaciones vasculares uterinas son muy infrecuentes y se presentan asociadas a metrorragia con riesgo vital. Su incidencia no es conocida porque las series son de pocos casos. Presentamos tres pacientes con hemorragia obstétrica cuyo estudio diagnóstico con ultrasonido y angiografía, demostró malformación arteriovenosa uterina. En un caso, dada la extensión de la lesión, el tratamiento fue con embolización bilateral de arterias uterinas seguida de histerectomía. Otras dos pacientes, p...

Tendências da educação psicomotora sob o enfoque Walloniano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elda Maria Rodrigues de Carvalho

Full Text Available Esta é uma reflexão que visa orientar a Educação Psicomotora sob o enfoque psicogenético de Henri Wallon. Dentre as contribuições destacamos as suas idéias de alternância funcional e de complexidade do desenvolvimento humano.

Tendências da educação psicomotora sob o enfoque walloniano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elda Maria Rodrigues de Carvalho

Full Text Available Esta é uma reflexão que visa orientar a Educação Psicomotora sob o enfoque psicogenético de Henri Wallon. Dentre as contribuições destacamos as suas idéias de alternância funcional e de complexidade do desenvolvimento humano.

LOS SUEÑOS: UN ENFOQUE SEMÁNTICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Samuel Cabanchik

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El o los mundos en que vivimos -no haré profesión de fe pluralista en este trabajo- contienen tanto objetos reales como símbolos. A su vez, nos servimos de esos símbolos tanto para denotar y clasificar objetos reales, como para referirnos a ficciones, en las artes, los juegos, los mitos, las prácticas mágicas y rituales, y los sueños. En el presente trabajo presentaré elementos para un tratamiento semántico de las ficciones. Partiré de una teoría inscripcionalista de las ficciones, y me abocaré a un análisis de sus distintos funcionamientos semánticos en las artes, los mitos y los sueños. Muchas de las ideas que utilizaré se inspiran en la filosofía de Nelson Goodman, pero en este artículo me propongo extender sus ideas, del campo de los lenguajes del arte a las que él mismo las aplica, al tratamiento de los mitos y los sueños. Una herramienta destacada en esta tarea será la noción de "mención selectiva", introducida por Israel Scheffler para el tratamiento de las ficciones, aplicada por él mismo a las prácticas rituales, por ejemplo. En el caso de los sueños, aspiro a aportar instrumentos conceptuales para una mejor comprensión del tratamiento que Freud hizo de ellos, tomando en cuenta las observaciones críticas de Wittgenstein al respecto. La última sección del artículo está dedicada a exponer y evaluar algunas concepciones alternativas a la propuesta aquí, con el objeto de que puedan apreciarse mejor las ventajas comparativas del enfoque semántico, o bien su complementariedad posible con los enfoques pragmáticos.

Inteligencias en diferentes enfoques teóricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

D'Antoni, Maurizia

2004-06-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo reflexiona sobre enfoques teóricos que sustentan el estudio de las inteligencias y su pertinencia. Se toman en cuenta dos diferentes enfoques teóricos: el humanismo –tomando en cuenta una de sus recientes reformulaciones- y el cognitivismo, específicamente el aporte de Gardner. Al preguntarse el texto si los conceptos de “inteligencias personales” y “persona autorrealizada” tienen alguna relación teórica, se reseñan y comparan algunas de las principales conclusiones de Abraham Maslow y Howard Gardner. Este artículo es parte del trabajo que se realiza para trazar el marco teórico de un proyecto de extensión para la Universidad Nacional, denominado “Olimpiadas de la Inteligencia Emocional”. En ese mismo ámbito, se reflexiona sobre la orientación teórica de otros estudios latinoamericanos y su validez. The next article is a reflection upon theoretical focuses that sustain the study of intelligence and their pertinence. It explores the perspective of two different theoretical approaches, humanism –taking into account one of the recent reformulations- and cognitivism, in the broadest sense of the term. The text queries whether the concepts of “personal intelligences” and “self realized person” have any theoretical relation, it resumes them and compares some of the principal contributions made by Abraham Maslow and Howard Gardner. This article is part of the work that was undertaken to establish the theoretical guidelines of an extension project by the Universidad Nacional, titled “Emotional Intelligence Olympics”. In the same context, there is a reflection on the theoretical orientation of other latinamerican studies and their validity.

La cooperación al desarrollo humano: visión y alcance del enfoque de desarrollo humano en la cooperación internacional del PNUD

OpenAIRE

De Angelis, Ignacio

2010-01-01

El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en analizar el alcance del enfoque del desarrollo humano en los objetivos propuestos por los programas de las instituciones de cooperación internacional al desarrollo. La cooperación para el desarrollo es un concepto en constante movimiento, ya que a lo largo del tiempo su contenido se transforma adaptándose e incorporando en la actualidad lineamientos relativos al enfoque de desarrollo humano. Para explorar el alcance de este enfoque se adopta como r...

Distintos enfoques sobre esteroides anabolizantes: riscos à saúde e hipermasculinidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Cecchetto

Full Text Available Abordam-se dois enfoques sobre o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA: o primeiro encontra-se na literatura biomédica, centrada em seus efeitos na saúde de homens jovens; o segundo refere-se aos próprios usuários, focalizando os aspectos socioculturais do consumo. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa a partir da análise de dois tipos de material: (i artigos da área biomédica; (ii material de pesquisas realizadas entre 2001 e 2004, incluindo etnografia e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 19 homens praticantes de jiu-jítsu no Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam um descompasso entre o enfoque biomédico, que condena o uso considerado não terapêutico de EAA e as representações e práticas dos usuários que recorrem a essas substâncias com o objetivo de aprimoramento da força e da musculosidade. Conclui-se que a relação entre o consumo de substâncias anabolizantes e a construção social da masculinidade precisa ser mais estudada no âmbito da saúde pública.

Enfoques intraindividual e interindividual en programas de pensamiento crítico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Javier Ossa Cornejo

Full Text Available Resumen En la actualidad, hay diversas conceptualizaciones acerca del pensamiento crítico, clasificándolo mayoritariamente en definiciones, perspectivas metodológicas e instrumentos. Este artículo de revisión teórica tiene por objetivo realizar una clasificación de orden ontológico, analizando las finalidades que definen al pensamiento crítico como praxis humana; proponiéndose dos enfoques, uno como proceso intrapersonal, considerándolo un proceso de filtro interno de información; otro, como proceso interpersonal, donde el pensamiento es de naturaleza interactiva y culturalmente situada. Se realiza además una revisión bibliográfica, analizando programas aplicados en educación superior, relacionando programas y estudios en ambos enfoques, en base a objetivos y procedimientos de trabajo. Se concluye que el pensamiento crítico es un proceso complejo, que ha experimentado una evolución conceptual y epistemológica que lo orienta actualmente hacia una praxis social más que meramente individual, puesto que se encuadra en contextos y acciones que promueven la interacción entre personas.

Distintos enfoques sobre esteroides anabolizantes: riscos à saúde e hipermasculinidade

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fátima Cecchetto

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abordam-se dois enfoques sobre o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA: o primeiro encontra-se na literatura biomédica, centrada em seus efeitos na saúde de homens jovens; o segundo refere-se aos próprios usuários, focalizando os aspectos socioculturais do consumo. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa a partir da análise de dois tipos de material: (i artigos da área biomédica; (ii material de pesquisas realizadas entre 2001 e 2004, incluindo etnografia e entrevistas semiestruturadas com 19 homens praticantes de jiu-jítsu no Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados indicam um descompasso entre o enfoque biomédico, que condena o uso considerado não terapêutico de EAA e as representações e práticas dos usuários que recorrem a essas substâncias com o objetivo de aprimoramento da força e da musculosidade. Conclui-se que a relação entre o consumo de substâncias anabolizantes e a construção social da masculinidade precisa ser mais estudada no âmbito da saúde pública.

Turismo Rural: Propuesta Metodológica para un Enfoque Sistémico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Alejandra Varisco

2016-01-01

Full Text Available El enfoque sistémico permite un acercamiento al turismo rural como fenómeno complejo, que desde las más diversas disciplinas ha generado un importante cuerpo teórico y empírico, representativo de la búsqueda de metodologías que permitan un análisis integral del turismo. A partir de los subsistemas clásicos de este enfoque, que incluye la descripción de la demanda, la oferta, la infraestructura, la comunidad receptora y la superestructura, se presenta la relación con el contexto a través de cinco dimensiones: cultural, económica, social, ambiental y política. En tanto propuesta metodológica, se mencionan algunos de los temas centrales para analizar los determinantes de cada contexto y las repercusiones. Estas etapas, que dan cuenta de estudios multidisciplinarios e interdisciplinarios respectivamente, se completan con conceptos transdisciplinarios como territorio, nueva ruralidad, y desarrollo territorial, propuestos como claves de lectura y análisis que sintetizan las interacciones de todos los componentes del sistema.

INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL COM ENFOQUE EM ALGORITMOS GENÉTICOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Renata Luiza da Costa

2010-12-01

Full Text Available A palestra aqui proposta aborda as principais técnicas de Inteligência Artificial dando enfoque maior a técnica chamada Algoritmos Genéticos, a qual é aplicada a problemas de otimização. Tal palestra aborda os fundamentos teóricos do assunto e apresenta uma aplicação prática, desenvolvida usando a Linguagem de Programação Delphi, onde o problema da Dieta tem suas respostas factíveis encontradas a partir do uso de um Algoritmo Genético.

El enfoque educativo basado en competencias, un reto que enfrenta la Universidad Veracruzana

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adoración Barrales Villegas

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como propósito compartir la experiencia que ha tenido la Universidad Veracruzana en la promoción e implementación del enfoque educativo basado en competencias. La incorporación obedece a la demanda internacional de formar profesionistas competentes en los ámbitos profesional, personal y social.Una de las acciones relevantes ha sido la capacitación de su personal docente y la implementación de una estrategia denominada Proyecto Aula. Este proyecto va dirigido a sistematizar la práctica docente a partir de la elaboración, aplicación y evaluación de un diseño instruccional para cada una de las experiencias educativas (asignaturas que se imparten al interior de sus programas educativos. Esta es la razón de que se revisen conceptos como competencia, tipos, enfoques, metodología y evaluación por competencias enfatizando los retos y aciertos de nuestra institución.

Major Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder: A Reappraisal to Vascular Dementia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Emre Kumral

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Major vascular neurocognitive disorder (NCD is the second leading form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease, accounting for 17-20% of all dementias. Vascular NCD is a progressive disease caused by reduced cerebral blood flow related to multiple large volume or lacunar infarcts that induce a sudden onset and stepwise decline in cognitive abilities. Despite its prevalence and clinical importance, there is still controversy in the terminology of vascular NCD. Only after the release of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5 (2013 did the American Psychiatric Association define vascular dementia as “major vascular NCD”. This review includes an overview of risk factors, pathophysiology, types, diagnostic and clinical features of major vascular NCD, and current treatment options of vascular NCD regarding to DSM-5 criteria

AICLE: enfoque alternativo para el desarrollo del vocabulario en el aula de español como lengua extranjera

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Magdalena Custodio Espinar

2016-08-01

Full Text Available El estudio parte de la hipótesis de que el enfoque comunicativo de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lengua española que se lleva a cabo en las Agrupaciones de Lengua y Cultura Española (ALCE que el Ministerio de Educación gestiona en el exterior puede verse enriquecido significativamente si se integran en las programaciones didácticas principios metodológicos del enfoque de aprendizaje integrado de contenido y lengua (AICLE. Para demostrarla, se ha diseñado una innovación educativa e implementado este sistema de trabajo en las aulas de la ALCE de Nueva York. Los resultados de nuestra evaluación confirman la mejora en la adquisición de vocabulario de los alumnos cuya programación ha sido enriquecida con principios metodológicos del enfoque AICLE y se discuten a partir de la necesidad de mantener en el tiempo las estrategias metodológicas diseñadas para que los resultados sean más contundentes y efectivos en el tiempo.

Additive Manufacturing of Vascular Grafts and Vascularized Tissue Constructs.

Science.gov (United States)

Elomaa, Laura; Yang, Yunzhi Peter

2017-10-01

There is a great need for engineered vascular grafts among patients with cardiovascular diseases who are in need of bypass therapy and lack autologous healthy blood vessels. In addition, because of the severe worldwide shortage of organ donors, there is an increasing need for engineered vascularized tissue constructs as an alternative to organ transplants. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers great advantages and flexibility of fabrication of cell-laden, multimaterial, and anatomically shaped vascular grafts and vascularized tissue constructs. Various inkjet-, extrusion-, and photocrosslinking-based AM techniques have been applied to the fabrication of both self-standing vascular grafts and porous, vascularized tissue constructs. This review discusses the state-of-the-art research on the use of AM for vascular applications and the key criteria for biomaterials in the AM of both acellular and cellular constructs. We envision that new smart printing materials that can adapt to their environment and encourage rapid endothelialization and remodeling will be the key factor in the future for the successful AM of personalized and dynamic vascular tissue applications.

Metodologías de planificación y los nuevos enfoques de sustentabilidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Alicia Cárdenas Jirón

2013-05-01

El presente artículo pretende hacer una síntesis de los enfoques metodológicos y analizar sus contenidos con el objeto de establecer un marco teórico para entender la forma de hacer planificación a la actualidad y su proyección al futuro.

LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL BAJO EL ENFOQUE DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTELIGENTES EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN

OpenAIRE

Jaime José Gil Domínguez

2007-01-01

El presente artículo se centra en develar a través de una investigación documental, los fundamentos teóricos en los que se sustenta el enfoque de las Organizaciones Inteligentes. Se inicia con una descripción del entorno en el que están inmersas las organizaciones hoy en día, en la llamada era de la sociedad de la información. Luego, se presentan los principios y estructuras conceptuales que sirven de base a este enfoque. Finalmente, destaca su confluencia sobre otras filosofías y modelos de ...

O duplo enfoque contábil e administrativo no sistema de custos da indústria de óleos vegetais

OpenAIRE

Teodoro Clebsch

1982-01-01

Visa a presente dissertação de mestrado estabelecer um sistema de contabilidade de custos integrado e coordenado com a contabilidade financeira para a Industria de Oleos Vegetais e que, encarando este sistema sob um duplo enfoque, contabil e administrativo, permita a conciliação destes dois enfoques ate certo ponto contrastantes. A construção de um sistema de custo requer um completo entendimento: (1) dos processos de produção; (2) dos objetivos perseguidos pelo sistema de custos e (3) da est...

Hacia una concepción de la antropología desde un enfoque complejo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pedro Gómez García

2015-01-01

Full Text Available El conocimiento de la realidad humana ha conseguido grandes avances a partir de disciplinas científicas especializadas, como la genética, la sociobiología, la psicología evolucionista y la neurociencia. No ha progresado apenas en las llamadas ciencias sociales y humanas, o en las antropologías filosóficas. En cualquier caso, los saberes antropológicos se encuentran en un estado de dispersión, de enfoques parciales y reduccionistas. Ahora bien, el desarrollo relativamente reciente de teorías de la complejidad ofrece una orientación epistemológica que permite detectar las insuficiencias de los planteamientos simplificadores o sesgados, adoptar el marco general de un enfoque sistémico y evolutivo, tender puentes entre los distintos niveles de observación y propiciar la elaboración de modelos sensibles a la multidimensionalidad de lo real. El artículo propone una exploración en esta última línea.

Inteligencias en diferentes enfoques teóricos. Reflexiones para pensarlas en el contexto educativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maurizia D\\u0092 Antoni

2004-01-01

Full Text Available El siguiente artículo reflexiona sobre enfoques teóricos que sustentan el estudio de las inteligencias y su pertinencia. Se toman en cuenta dos diferentes enfoques teóricos: el humanismo –tomando en cuenta una de sus recientes reformulaciones- y el cognitivismo, específicamente el aporte de Gardner. Al preguntarse el texto si los conceptos de “inteligencias personales” y “persona autorrealizada” tienen alguna relación teórica, se reseñan y comparan algunas de las principales conclusiones de Abraham Maslow y Howard Gardner. Este artículo es parte del trabajo que se realiza para trazar el marco teórico de un proyecto de extensión para la Universidad Nacional, denominado “Olimpiadas de la Inteligencia Emocional”. En ese mismo ámbito, se reflexiona sobre la orientación teórica de otros estudios latinoamericanos y su validez.

La adecuación de los materiales AICLE a los principios teóricos y al diseño metodológico del enfoque

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Del Castillo Pastor, Raquel

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Suplemento del número 15 de marcoELE (julio - diciembre de 2012 El Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lengua Extranjera (AICLE, es decir, la enseñanza de una materia académica en una lengua extranjera, es un enfoque cada vez más extendido. Sin embargo, existe una carencia generalizada de materiales AICLE en español y los pocos que hay no han sido analizados para comprobar si se adecuan o no a los principios teóricos y al diseño metodológico del enfoque. Esta memoria tiene como objetivo analizar dichos materiales. Para ello se procede, primero, a una sistematización del enfoque en ocho parámetros. Posteriormente, partiendo de estos parámetros y aplicando la metodología del Análisis de Materiales, se lleva a cabo el análisis de las unidades didácticas seleccionadas. Finalmente, se constata que la adecuación de las unidades a los principios del enfoque es nula o muy escasa.

La pespectiva ética de la evaluación de los aprendizajes desde un enfoque constructivista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mario Segura Castillo

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El presente ensayo tiene como finalidad abordar los puntos fundamentales de la evaluación de los aprendizajes desde un enfoque constructivista. Asimismo, ésta se puede utilizar como una herramienta ética para reflexionar sobre el uso que le ha dado el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP a la evaluación de los aprendizajes. En este orden de ideas, se considera al diálogo como la herramienta fundamental de la ética para que la evaluación de los aprendizajes se lleve a cabo desde un enfoque constructivista. Es importante que en la evaluación de los aprendizajes los docentes no se separen de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes, para lo cual deberán tomar en cuenta las decisiones pedagógicas para promover que la enseñanza atienda la diversidad de los estudiantes y promueva el aprendizaje con sentido y valor funcional. Para ello se requiere de procesos metacognitivos como parte de la mediación pedagógica de los docentes, es decir, convertir el salón de clase en un espacio democrático, colaborativo y autoevaluativo. La evaluación de los aprendizajes desde un enfoque constructivista se conceptualiza en el presente ensayo, como un proceso de diálogo, reflexión y mejora constante de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, de la población estudiantil que permite la toma de decisiones, la realimentación y la emisión de juicios de valor en condiciones auténticas dentro y fuera del salón de clase. Se propone desde la evaluación de los aprendizajes, con un enfoque constructivista, un reconocimiento de un nuevo concepto de credibilidad que tome en cuenta las consecuencias sociales y éticas del personal docente cuando lleva a la práctica la evaluación de los aprendizajes.

Non-invasive vascular imaging: assessing tumour vascularity

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Delorme, S.; Knopp, M.V.

1998-01-01

Non-invasive assessment of vascularity is a new diagnostic approach to characterise tumours. Vascular assessment is based on the pathophysiology of tumour angiogenesis and its diagnostic implications for tumour biology, prognosis and therapy response. Two current techniques investigating vascular features in addition to morphology are Doppler ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced MRI. Diagnostic differentiation has been shown to be possible with Doppler, and a high degree of observed vascularity could be linked to an aggressive course of the disease. Dynamic MRI using gadolinium chelates is already used clinically to detect and differentiate tumours. The histological correlation shows that capillary permeability is increased in malignant tumours and is the best criterion for differentiation from benign processes. Permeability and perfusion factors seem to be more diagnostic than overall vessel density. New clinical applications are currently being established for therapy monitoring. Further instrumental developments will bring harmonic imaging in Doppler, and faster imaging techniques, higher spatial resolution and novel pharmacokinetic concepts in MRI. Upcoming contrast agents for both Doppler and MRI will further improve estimation of intratumoural blood volume and vascular permeability. (orig.)

ENFOQUE POR COMPETENCIAS Y MERCADO DE TRABAJO. NUEVAS TENDENCIAS PARA LA EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Muñoz Varela

2012-01-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo se realiza un análisis acerca de las principales y nuevas tendencias que hoy caracterizan la organización del mercado de trabajo y la demanda de nuevos perfiles profesionales, en el marco de la globalización económica y de la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento. Se analiza, a tal efecto, la propuesta pedagógica del enfoque por competencias que, desde hace al menos dos décadas, ha sido impulsada y promovida por parte de autoridades de gobierno, las instituciones del mercado de trabajo, algunas instituciones de educación superior y, también, de manera especial por organismos multilaterales tales como el Banco Mundial y la Unión Europea. Con base en los estudios publicados por dos reconocidos especialistas en el campo del currículum, el análisis procura identificar la naturaleza del enfoque por competencias, su heurística y teleología pedagógica, así como las repercusiones que acarrea para el proyecto de formación profesional en una institución de educación superior. El ensayo se ocupa, asimismo, en indicar la relación que existe entre el enfoque por competencias y los cambios de perspectiva que la globalización económica y la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento involucran, a propósito de la concepción del conocimiento y de la relación e implicaciones que esta tiene para la educación, en materia de organización curricular y de perspectivas pedagógicas.

RETOS Y DESAFÍOS DE LOS DOCENTES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA EN LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DEL ENFOQUE BASADO EN COMPETENCIAS

OpenAIRE

Toalá Valdez, Adriana del Carmen

2015-01-01

La presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo analizar los retos y desafíos para los docentes de educación secundaria en la implementación del enfoque basado en competencias. La introducción de este enfoque en la educación básica mexicana y española, así como en otros niveles educativos ha sido causa de controversias y desacuerdos, dada las opiniones de investigadores y especialistas que consideran que únicamente se pretende formar gente que satisfaga las necesidades del mercado labo...

MALFORMACIÓN ARTERIO VENOSA CERVICAL COMPLEJA SINTOMÁTICA

OpenAIRE

Bombin F,Juan; Kotlik A,Alejandro; Seguel S,Gabriel; Pizarro S,Carla; Aliaga S,Erik

2015-01-01

Introducción: Las Malformaciones Arterio-Venosas (MAV) son alteraciones estructurales congénitas del desarrollo del sistema vascular en que se observan comunicaciones anómalas arterio-venosas conformando un "nido" arterio-venoso-capilar. Caso Clínico: Mujer que consulta a los 15 años de edad por una MAV en la región cervical posterior izquierda desde su nacimiento. Se efectúa una resección amplia de la lesión hasta el plano aponeurótico cubriendo el defecto con un colgajo de rotación cutáneo-...

Presentación de los números complejos : enfoques e interpretaciones

OpenAIRE

Bustamante Donayre, Luis Alberto

2000-01-01

Desde que los números complejos aparecieron en el siglo XVI, tardaron dos siglos en ser, en cierta manera, aceptados. Aunque las aportaciones formales de Bombelli, Wessel, Argand, Gauss, Euler y Hamilton contribuyeron a una aceptación parcial de los matemáticos, los incomprendidos números complejos todavía eran considerados por los matemáticos del siglo XIX como entes espurios1 El presente trabajo tiene por objeto encontrar un enfoque en donde los números complejos aparez...

El enfoque neogibsoniano como marco conceptual y metodológico para el diseño de programas de entrenamiento deportivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jorge Ib\\u00E1\\u00F1ez-Gij\\u00F3n

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Según el enfoque neogibsoniano, el aprendizaje perceptivo y perceptivo-motor es un proceso que consiste en mejorar la detección y el uso de la abundante información que existe en el ambiente. Ésta afirmación es el punto de partida de un marco conceptual y metodológico para el análisis del aprendizaje que incluye los conceptos de educación de la atención y calibración y, más recientemente, las nociones de espacio informacional, del aprendizaje por función potencial y del aprendizaje directo. En este artículo se introduce el enfoque neogibsoniano y se describen las implicaciones de dicho enfoque en el diseño de programas de entrenamiento. En particular, se plantea una explicación de por qué la introducción de variabilidad en el entrenamiento facilita la mejora en el rendimiento deportivo, y propuestas concretas de cómo ha de introducirse tal variabilidad para que sea beneficiosa.

Justicia electoral y enfoque de género en los sistemas normativos indígenas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Claudia Pastor Badilla

2012-01-01

Full Text Available : Expone los mecanismos para lograr que a través de la justicia electoral, se garantice el acceso de las mujeres indígenas al ejercicio de los derechos político-electorales en condiciones de igualdad con los hombres. En la primera parte señala algunas de las discusiones que se llevaron a cabo en el ámbito doctrinario, y que tienen que ver con nuevos enfoques académicos sobre sociedades en las que conviven grupos culturales diversos. Lo anterior, con el objetivo de demostrar, en un segundo momento, las razones por las que es necesario que esos nuevos enfoques sean asumidos por todos los interesados en que el derecho indígena y los derechos humanos sean compatibles y se ejerzan a un mismo tiempo. Por último, señala las razones por las que ese cambio de perspectiva redundará en beneficio de las mujeres indígenas y de la comunidad de la que forman parte.

Aseguramiento de la Calidad en la Construcción de Sistemas Basados en el Conocimiento: Un Enfoque Práctico

OpenAIRE

Eduardo Diez

2013-01-01

La función de aseguramiento de la calidad del software (SQA) se debe basar en un planificado y sistemático diseño de acciones y métodos, requeridos para garantizar la calidad del mismo. En el presente trabajo, se presenta un diseño de acciones y métodos que constituyen un enfoque práctico para el desempeño de la función de SQA en una organización, adaptado especialmente a la metodología IDEAL para el desarrollo de sistemas basados en el conocimiento. Este enfoque no pretende ser exclusivo y e...

La práctica pedagógica y el desarrollo de estrategias instruccionales desde el enfoque constructivista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elizabeth Castro

2006-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo pretende establecer la importancia de la práctica pedagógica en el aula, que permita el desarrollo de estrategias instruccionales basadas en el enfoque constructivista. Con esta idea, se elaboró la investigación, para la cual se tomó como enfoque central un conjunto de elementos conceptuales y de estrategia aplicables al trabajo del docente en el aula. De esta manera, en relación con el alumno se analizan los procesos de aprendizajes significativos y estratégicos, la motivación y la interacción entre iguales, mientras que se estudian las posibilidades de la labor docente en el aula en su papel de mediador de dichos procesos y proveedor de una ayuda pedagógica regulada

Cadenas de valor: un enfoque para las agrocadenas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yadira Peña

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como propósito mostrar elementos de análisis para abordar el tema de las cadenas de valor. Tras una revisión exhaustiva de bibliografía relacionada y aplicada a la agricultura, se dan a conocer herramientas conceptuales que coadyuvan a construir un escenario claro y conducente para que las cadenas logren mejores niveles de competitividad, crecimiento y desarrollo para su entorno. En la primera y segunda parte se desarrolla el concepto de cadena de valor y se muestran los alcances del enfoque; en la tercera parte se plantean algunas consideraciones sobre la gestión de las cadenas de valor y en la última se ilustran dos casos exitosos en el desarrollo de cadenas de valor.

Efectos adversos de fármacos antirretrovirales en cohorte de niños hijos de gestante VIH positiva: transmisión vertical, efectos adversos de fármacos antirretrovirales, malformaciones congénitas y desarrollo ponderoestatural en una cohorte de niños expuestos y no infectados hijos de gestante VIH positiva

OpenAIRE

Fernández Ibieta, María

2011-01-01

En el desarrollo de esta tesis doctoral se analizan la transmisión vertical (TV) y los efectos adversos de los fármacos antirretrovirales, tanto hematológicos como bioquímicos, así como las malformaciones congénitas y el desarrollo ponderoestatural de los niños de la cohorte perinatal de Madrid, relacionada y subvencionada por la fundación FIPSE (Fundación para la investigación y la Prevención del SIDA en España. Esta cohorte se inició en el año 2000 con el objetivo de seguir prospectivamente...

Psicología de la Educación. Enfoque Centrado en la Persona. aprendizaje significativo.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Benjamim da Silva Amorim

2016-11-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar cómo el Enfoque Centrado en la Persona puede contribuir a la Psicopedagogía. La Psicopedagogía es un nuevo campo científico y aún busca una teoría para apoyar su práctica. Desarrollado a partir de muchas otras áreas del conocimiento, tiene su base principal en Pedagogía y Psicología, y lo más objetiva para entender la construcción del conocimiento con todos los factores que influyen en ella, lo que facilita el aprendizaje y la identificación de lo que impide que el objeto de aprender. Pero este es un nuevo concepto y sólo mediante el estudio de la historia de la Psicopedagía se puede entender como fue la evolución de esta área. Con el cambio de paradigma, el Enfoque Centrado en la Persona (ACP, la escuela de pensamiento psicológico creado por Carl Rogers trae otra manera de entender el aprendizaje que tiene que implicar importancia y la experiencia y la comprensión del alumno sujeto tiene todo el potencial y de aprender es a través de una comunicación empática que el psicopedagogo actúa como un facilitador para el aprendizaje y el cambio de los estudiantes. Se concluye que la práctica psicopedagógica aplican en función de la teoría del Enfoque Centrado persona puede mejorar los resultados de las intervenciones en la dificultad de los procesos de aprendizaje.

El enfoque de las opciones estratégicas de los actores en el estudio de las relaciones laborales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Marina López Pino

2003-06-01

Full Text Available El interés fundamental de este artículo es esclarecer la propuesta analítica desarrollada por el MIT (Massachussetts Institute of Technology, inspirada en el concepto de "opciones estratégicas" para el estudio de las relaciones laborales. De manera introductoria se plantea la problemática de las relaciones laborales actuales y los hallazgos fundamentales de las diferentes investigaciones del equipo del MIT. En segunda instancia se realiza una breve presentación del enfoque de sistemas de Dunlop que este equipo de investigadores busca superar. Seguidamente se exponen los principales conceptos y premisas del enfoque de las opciones estratégicas de los actores. Y, por último, se presentan brevemente algunas de las debilidades de dicha propuesta.

Determinantes de la inflación en Venezuela: Enfoque de sobrecostos

OpenAIRE

Contreras, José; Guarata, Nora

2014-01-01

El artículo presenta un modelo econométrico que permite considerar elementos de corto y largo plazo para analizar el comportamiento de la inflación en Venezuela con un enfoque sobre el costo unitario (o sobrecosto). En primer lugar, se encuentra una relación de largo plazo o cointegración entre la estructura de costos y el comportamiento del índice general de precios. En segundo lugar, se construye un modelo de corto plazo utilizando la técnica de corrección de errores con las siguientes vari...

Distintos enfoques sobre esteroides anabolizantes: riscos à saúde e hipermasculinidade

OpenAIRE

Cecchetto, Fátima; Moraes, Danielle Ribeiro de; Farias, Patrícia Silveira de

2012-01-01

Abordam-se dois enfoques sobre o uso de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA): o primeiro encontra-se na literatura biomédica, centrada em seus efeitos na saúde de homens jovens; o segundo refere-se aos próprios usuários, focalizando os aspectos socioculturais do consumo. Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa a partir da análise de dois tipos de material: (i) artigos da área biomédica; (ii) material de pesquisas realizadas entre 2001 e 2004, incluindo etnografia e entrevistas semiestrutura...

Enfoques da teoria institucional nos modelos de avaliação institucional brasileiros Focus of the institutional theory on the Brazilian institutional evaluation models

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raphael Schlickmann

2008-03-01

Full Text Available Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar quais enfoques da perspectiva institucional foram predominantes nos modelos de avaliação institucional propostos pelos governos às universidades brasileiras. Quanto à abordagem, podemos caracterizar o estudo como qualitativo; a verificação dos enfoques foi realizada tomando-se por base a revisão teórica acerca dos diferentes enfoques da teoria institucional, do histórico da avaliação institucional no Brasil, bem como a caracterização de cada modelo avaliativo proposto pelos governos, a partir da década de 1970. O estudo evidenciou que os modelos de avaliação institucional ao longo dos governos apresentaram diferentes enfoques institucionais, sendo que houve uma predominância dos enfoques regulador e normativo, embora o cognitivo seja o que permeia o atual sistema de avaliação institucional brasileiro.This article has the purpose of verifying which approaches of the institutional perspective were predominant in the models of institutional evaluation proposed by the governments to the Brazilian universities. This study can be characterized as qualitative, in which the focal points were verified through theoretical revision of the different aspects of the institutional theory, of the history of Brazilian institutional evaluation, as well as the characterization of each evaluative model proposed by the governments since the 1970s. The study made evident that the institutional evaluation models during different governments presented a different institutional focus, with the predominance of the regulatory and normative focuses, although the cognitive is the one that permeates Brazil's present institutional evaluation system.

Meta-raps: Un enfoque de solución eficaz para problemas combinatorios

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Reinaldo Moraga

2003-07-01

Full Text Available Este artículo introduce una metaheurística denominada Meta-RaPS (Meta-heuristic for Randomized Priority Search para problemas de optimización combinatoria. Meta-RaPS es un sistema de múltiples iteraciones que balancea el uso de heurísticas de construcción y mejoramiento de soluciones en cada iteración. Una de las características principales de Meta-RaPS es la dosificación del uso de aleatoriedad como mecanismo para mejorar heurísticas de construcción. En este artículo se presenta el enfoque y se entregan resultados de aplicaciones a cuatro problemas de optimización combinatoria. Este artículo es un extracto de la tesis doctoral titulada: “Meta-RaPS: An Effective Solution Approach for Combinatorial Problems” (Moraga, 2002. La tesis representa la culminación de una investigación desarrollada por las Universidades de Central Florida y Louisville en un esfuerzo por extender un enfoque heurístico clásico denominado COMSOAL a problemas combinatorios. (Nota: esta tesis doctoral es una de las tres tesis que recientemente obtuvieron el Premio “2003 Pritsker Doctoral Dissertation Award”, otorgado por el Institute of Industrial Engineering en la última Conferencia de Investigación en Ingeniería Industrial celebrada en Portland, Oregon, USA, Mayo 2003.

El modelo de servicio de un MBA con enfoque humanístico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ernesto Barrera Duque

2011-06-01

Full Text Available Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo establecer los elementos fundamentales de la experiencia del estudiante MBA en el programa de una institución educativa colombiana. Mediante la combinación del análisis narrativo y la teoría fundamentada, ambos dentro de la modalidad de metodología cualitativa, se hallaron categorías fundamentales en la experiencia de servicio. La interacción con los profesores, la interacción con los directores de estudio, el contexto organizacional de la institución educativa, la interacción con otros participantes y el diseño del programa centrado en el participante, fueron los inductores de la experiencia. Además, se encontró que el método del caso era un mediador importante para verter una experiencia de carácter práctico. Finalmente, los elementos de impacto en el estudiante fueron el desarrollo de habilidades directivas y la transformación personal integral. El enfoque humanístico, imbuido en todas las categorías, sirvió de pliegue entre ellas, indicando que este elemento es consistente y potencia la formación orientada a mejorar el desempeño laboral y personal de los participantes. Además, este enfoque, que es evidente en la experiencia, es valorado por los estudiantes.

Enfoques de investigación en la ciencia política: teoría política normativa, institucionalismo y conductismo

OpenAIRE

Peñas Felizzola, Olga Luz

2010-01-01

El presente trabajo se desarrolla con la intención de hacer una revisión a los elementos más importantes de tres enfoques de la ciencia política, como son la teoría política normativa, el institucionalismo y el conductismo. En consideración a que el escrito también apunta a identificar los aportes más relevantes de cada uno de los enfoques, con miras a nutrir el desarrollo de la pregunta de investigación doctoral, la estructura dada al texto pone en evidencia los aspectos clave de cada uno. A...

Caracterización de pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2 con complicaciones vasculares y riesgo de ateroesclerosi

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Milagros Violeta Font Difour

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo para caracterizar a 200 pacientes diabéticos de tipo 2, diagnosticados con complicaciones vasculares y riesgo de ateroesclerosis, los cuales fueron ingresados en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio del 2010 hasta igual mes del 2011. Entre las complicaciones más frecuentes figuraron: enfermedades cardiovasculares (29,5 %, neuropatía (21,5 % y retinopatía (19,5 %. Prevalecieron los afectados con 3 complicaciones (40,5 %, los que tenían un tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad de 11-15 años (38,0 %; además de la hiperlipidemia (35,0 %, la hipertensión arterial (32,0 % y el tabaquismo (26,5 % como factores de riesgo. Se concluye que con un enfoque multidisciplinario en el tratamiento y control de esta enfermedad se logra mejorar el pronóstico de los afectados.

Pediatric vascular access

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Donaldson, James S.

2006-01-01

Pediatric interventional radiologists are ideally suited to provide vascular access services to children because of inherent safety advantages and higher success from using image-guided techniques. The performance of vascular access procedures has become routine at many adult interventional radiology practices, but this service is not as widely developed at pediatric institutions. Although interventional radiologists at some children's hospitals offer full-service vascular access, there is little or none at others. Developing and maintaining a pediatric vascular access service is a challenge. Interventionalists skilled in performing such procedures are limited at pediatric institutions, and institutional support from clerical staff, nursing staff, and technologists might not be sufficiently available to fulfill the needs of such a service. There must also be a strong commitment by all members of the team to support such a demanding service. There is a slippery slope of expected services that becomes steeper and steeper as the vascular access service grows. This review is intended primarily as general education for pediatric radiologists learning vascular access techniques. Additionally, the pediatric or adult interventional radiologist seeking to expand services might find helpful tips. The article also provides education for the diagnostic radiologist who routinely interprets radiographs containing vascular access devices. (orig.)

La hiperactividad infantil. Principales enfoques terapéuticos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Teresa GONZÁLEZ MARTÍNEZ

2009-11-01

Full Text Available RESUMEN: La hiperactividad es considerada en estos momentos como uno de los trastornos más frecuentes en el ámbito de la población clínica infantil de edad escolar, entre un 3-15% en niños normales de edad escolar y en torno al 50% en muestras clínicas. Los síntomas que identifican este trastorno: déficit de atención, actividad motora excesiva e impulsividad, tienen unas consecuencias negativas muy directas sobre la conducta adaptativa del niño y sobre su rendimiento escolar. La complejidad del problema, tanto en su etiología como en sus manifestaciones sintomáticas, ha generado diferentes modelos explicativos de la hiperactividad, modelos de los que los que se derivan los diversos enfoques terapéuticos para su tratamiento: el farmacológico, el conductual y el cognitivo. Las ventajas e inconvenientes en la utilización exclusiva de las diferentes estrategias de intervención incluidas en cada uno de los enfoques, junto con una visión global e integradora de todo problema psicológico, nos sitúa, en última instancia, en la adopción de planteamientos terapéuticos multimodales e integrales en los que interdisciplinariamente se utilicen las terapias existentes.ABSTRACT: Nowadays hyperactivity is considered one of the most frequent disorders within the clinical population of school children between 3 and 15% in normal schoolchildren and about 50% in clinical samples. The symptoms which identify this disorder: attention deficit, excesive motor activity and impulsivity, have very direct negative consequences on the child's adjustment behavior and on his school performance. The complexity of both the etiology and the syntomatic manifestations of this problem has generated different explanatory models of hyperactivity from which the several therapeutical approaches are derived for their treatment: pharmachological, behavioral and cognitive. The advantages and inconvénients of the exclusive utilization of the different strategies of

Cadenas de valor. Un enfoque poderoso en la nueva competitividad global

OpenAIRE

René Mendoza V

2006-01-01

LOS PLANES DE GOBIERNO YA NO SÓLO HABLAN DE CLUSTER, SINO DE CADENAS de valor. Sin embargo, los estudios y cursos universitarios existentes en Nicaragua bajo el título cadenas de valor, en realidad son estudios de cadenas productivas. ¿Qué es pues cadenas de valor? Este artículo pasa revista a los antecedentes de este enfoque para mostrar su evolución y su carácter distintivo, desarrolla la teoría y metodología que hace de la cadena de valor una herramienta poderosa para la competitividad, y ...

LA GESTIÓN POR PROCESOS: UN ENFOQUE DE GESTIÓN EFICIENTE

OpenAIRE

Miguel Ángel Mallar

2010-01-01

Cada vez más se observan los esfuerzos orientados a adecuar las organizaciones al complejo escenario en que se mueven. Cambios de reglas de juego, incremento de la competencia, apertura al mundo a través de la tecnología, hacen al cliente mucho más exigente, modificando sus demandas y necesidades.La Gestión basada en los Procesos, surge como un enfoque que centra la atención sobre las actividades de la organización, para optimizarlas.En este trabajo se considerará a la organización como una r...

NUEVO ENFOQUE DEL NEGOCIO DE LAS TARJETAS BANCARIAS EN ESPAÑA Y EL NUEVO PAPEL A DESARROLLAR POR EL COMERCIANTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Castillo Peces, Carlos

2011-09-01

Full Text Available El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los elementos básicos del nuevo enfoque de las entidades financieras españolas para su negocio de tarjetas bancarias, así como el nuevo papel que podría tener el comerciante para su desarrollo. Para ello se envió un cuestionario a 60 responsables de este negocio en dichas entidades. De las respuestas recogidas en los 44 cuestionarios recibidos, se concluye que este nuevo enfoque deberá hacer más hincapié en las operaciones de financiación al consumo mediante tarjeta bancaria. Así mismo, se verifica que el comerciante deberá tener un papel relevante y retribuido como prescriptor de estas operaciones.

LA GESTIÓN EMPRESARIAL BAJO EL ENFOQUE DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES INTELIGENTES EN LA SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jaime José Gil Domínguez

2007-04-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo se centra en develar a través de una investigación documental, los fundamentos teóricos en los que se sustenta el enfoque de las Organizaciones Inteligentes. Se inicia con una descripción del entorno en el que están inmersas las organizaciones hoy en día, en la llamada era de la sociedad de la información. Luego, se presentan los principios y estructuras conceptuales que sirven de base a este enfoque. Finalmente, destaca su confluencia sobre otras filosofías y modelos de gestión empresarial, buscando una aproximación en como ésta puede concebirse en el modelo de una Organización Inteligente. La construcción de este marco teórico, pretende propiciar discusiones que gener

Enfoque territorial de construcción de paz en Morelos, México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tania Galaviz Armenta

2017-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo analiza a la Asamblea Permanente de los Pueblos de Morelos (APPM, México como una experiencia del enfoque territorial de construcción de paz. Para ello, se analizó mediante la teoría de sistemas de Niklas Luhmann el proceso de la construcción social de la causalidad en Morelos, es decir, los distintos elementos que convergen en la entidad que generan tanto el proceso de diferenciación en la entidad, como la sinergia de violencias y la vulnerabilidad social. Lo cual permitió comprender la emergencia y las características de las actividades de la APPM. Asimismo, se presenta la propuesta del enfoque territorial de construcción de paz y la creación de infraestructuras para la paz cuyos planteamientos se centran en el diseño e implementación de planes de desarrollo basados en la participación y el compromiso comunitario. Siendo necesarios el diálogo, el trabajo en red y la resiliencia social como herramientas para incrementar las capacidades de las comunidades. Así como el acompañamiento institucional y de actores locales relevantes. De esta manera, se profundizó en el análisis de las características del proceso organizativo y de vinculación de la APPM, el artículo concluye con una propuesta para fortalecer las actividades e interrelaciones de la Asamblea.

La Disfasia desde el enfoque de la Comunicación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nely del Milagro Puebla Caballero

Full Text Available La disfasia es un término que conceptualiza una entidad gnoseológica relacionada con la organización del lenguaje en su evolución. Es un trastorno grave y de prolongada duración que afecta a niños desde el inicio del desarrollo del lenguaje, se extiende a toda la infancia y la adolescencia y puede dejar secuelas en el estado adulto. En esta revisión bibliográfica se propone un acercamiento a la comprensión de sus dimensiones, concepto, síntomas y pautas para el diagnóstico e intervención desde el enfoque de la Comunicación.

Vascular Access in Children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krishnamurthy, Ganesh; Keller, Marc S.

2011-01-01

Establishment of stable vascular access is one of the essential and most challenging procedures in a pediatric hospital. Many clinical specialties provide vascular service in a pediatric hospital. At the top of the “expert procedural pyramid” is the pediatric interventional radiologist, who is best suited and trained to deliver this service. Growing awareness regarding the safety and high success rate of vascular access using image guidance has led to increased demand from clinicians to provide around-the-clock vascular access service by pediatric interventional radiologists. Hence, the success of a vascular access program, with the pediatric interventional radiologist as the key provider, is challenging, and a coordinated multidisciplinary team effort is essential for success. However, there are few dedicated pediatric interventional radiologists across the globe, and also only a couple of training programs exist for pediatric interventions. This article gives an overview of the technical aspects of pediatric vascular access and provides useful tips for obtaining vascular access in children safely and successfully using image guidance.

Oscillation of Angiogenesis and Vascular Dropout in Progressive Human Vascular Disease. [Vascular Pattern as Useful Read-Out of Complex Molecular Signaling

Science.gov (United States)

Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia

2010-01-01

When analyzed by VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) software, vascular patterns provide useful integrative read-outs of complex, interacting molecular signaling pathways. Using VESGEN, we recently discovered and published our innovative, surprising findings that angiogenesis oscillated with vascular dropout throughout progression of diabetic retinopathy, a blinding vascular disease. Our findings provide a potential paradigm shift in the current prevailing view on progression and treatment of this disease, and a new early-stage window of regenerative therapeutic opportunities. The findings also suggest that angiogenesis may oscillate with vascular disease in a homeostatic-like manner during early stages of other inflammatory progressive diseases such as cancer and coronary vascular disease.

[Vascular Calcification - Pathological Mechanism and Clinical Application - . Role of vascular smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification].

Science.gov (United States)

Kurabayashi, Masahiko

2015-05-01

Vascular calcification is commonly seen with aging, chronic kidney disese (CKD), diabetes, and atherosclerosis, and is closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Vascular calcification has long been regarded as the final stage of degeneration and necrosis of arterial wall and a passive, unregulated process. However, it is now known to be an active and tightly regulated process involved with phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) that resembles bone mineralization. Briefly, calcium deposits of atherosclerotic plaque consist of hydroxyapatite and may appear identical to fully formed lamellar bone. By using a genetic fate mapping strategy, VSMC of the vascular media give rise to the majority of the osteochondrogenic precursor- and chondrocyte-like cells observed in the calcified arterial media of MGP (- / -) mice. Osteogenic differentiation of VSMC is characterized by the expression of bone-related molecules including bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2, Msx2 and osteopontin, which are produced by osteoblasts and chondrocytes. Our recent findings are that (i) Runx2 and Notch1 induce osteogenic differentiation, and (ii) advanced glycation end-product (AGE) /receptor for AGE (RAGE) and palmitic acid promote osteogenic differentiation of VSMC. To understand of the molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification is now under intensive research area.

Nuevos enfoques de eficiencia, productividad y calidad en la teoría de gestión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Eduardo Martínez Fajardo

2002-11-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo parte del análisis clásico de los conceptos de eficiencia, productividad y calidad, teniendo en cuenta los factores tierra, recursos físicos, capital y trabajo. Más allá de ese enfoque el artículo señala el. papel de nuevos factores estratégicos: el management cibernético, la velocidad en el flujo de información y la capacidad de producir conocimiento en las organizaciones, enfoque nuevo que permitió registrar un salto cualitativo y cuantitativo en la competitividad de las grandes empresas corporativas después de los años sesentas, desde una visión más compleja. El avance reciente en el campo de la gestión se apoya en estos tres factores, en un escenario social globalizado y basado en los sistemas de información que incidirá en la capacidad de innovación, mejoramiento de la eficiencia, de los costos de transacción y en el desarrollo del potencial de crecimiento de las organizaciones modernas.

Más allá del Liberalismo: el Enfoque de las Capacidades y la Justicia Social Crítica

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Pereira

2016-07-01

El enfoque de las capacidades ha estado principalmente asociado al liberalismo, ya que sus figuras fundacionales, Sen y Nussbaum, se han explícitamente asumido como parte de esa corriente de pensamiento. Sin embargo, puede afirmarse que algunas de las características de dicho enfoque podrían encontrar su mejor formulación, proyección y desarrollo fuera del liberalismo. La justicia social crítica a partir de sus conceptos constitutivos de reconocimiento, intersubjetividad y alta sensibilidad a la vulnerabilidad se presenta como un espacio normativo más apropiado para el desarrollo y la  proyección del enfoque de las capacidades. Esta tesis es ilustrada a través de dos importantes discusiones normativas, la primera de ellas es la que tiene por tema a la métrica de justicia y la segunda es la que hace a la forma de entender la democracia, la ciudadanía y la razón pública. A partir de la interpretación de estos conceptos es que se justifica que la justicia social crítica es un mejor marco normativo para el enfoque de las capacidades que el liberalismo.    Abstract The capabilities approach has been primarily associated with liberalism, since its founding figures, Sen and Nussbaum, have expressly assumed themselves as part of that school of thought. However, it can be argued that some of the characteristics of such approach could find their best formulation, projection and development outside liberalism. Critical social justice, from its constituent concepts of recognition, intersubjectivity and high sensitivity to vulnerability, seems to be a more appropriate normative space for the development and projection of the capabilities approach. This thesis is illustrated through two important normative discussions, the first of which is the one that has the metric of justice as its subject, and the second is the one related to the way democracy, citizenship and public reason are understood. From the interpretation of these concepts, it can be justified that

ORIENTACIONES CURRICULARES CON EL ENFOQUE CTS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Corchuelo

2010-11-01

Full Text Available Considerando que el propósito de la educación con un enfoque CTS propende por abordar problemas contextualizados socialmente, se busca construir una propuesta desde la práctica, con el fi n de fortalecer la formación para la participación ciudadana. Encontramos que abordar el tratamiento de las relaciones entre deporte, nutrición humana y motricidad convierte al cuerpo humano en un objeto de estudio vigente. En la ciudad de Popayán (Cauca, Colombia se vive una de las más altas tasas de bulimia y anorexia en adolescentes del país, al igual que de consumo de drogas ilícitas. Además, el bajo rendimiento de los deportistas caucanos en los últimos Juegos Nacionales, los casos de dopaje en atletas olímpicos, entre otros, abre interrogantes sobre la formación integral de nuestros estudiantes. Con el fi n de acercar la escuela a estas problemáticas locales y nacionales, se asume un trabajo interdisciplinario basado en la resolución de problemas socialmente relevantes. En esta oportunidad compartiremos los resultados del camino recorrido en torno a la pregunta: “El deporte: ¿emancipación o alienación?”.

EL ENFOQUE CLÍNICO EN LA FORMACIÓN CONTINUA DE PROFESORES: LA TEORIZACIÓN DEL «OJO PEDAGÓGICO» COMO DESTREZA COMPLEJA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Paola M. Andreucci Annunziata

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo se ocupa del enfoque clínico en la formación continua de profesores. Esteenfoque se ha valido de diversos dispositivos para su aplicación. En este caso y, para rescatar la singularidad y agudeza del enfoque, se propone la noción de «ojo pedagógico»conceptualizadacomo destreza compleja y articuladora de aspectos emocionales y racionales de conocimiento pedagógico, que posibilita atender a la dimensión interaccional profesor - alumno y aplicarla a problemáticas de aula. En una primera parte del artículo se establece el estado actual de laformación permanente de profesores y la ineficacia de las propuestas aplicadas a la fecha, luegose presenta y actualiza el enfoque clínico para la investigación y formación docente y, en la últimaparte, se expone y discute la propuesta de teorización sobre el «ojo pedagógico»,diferenciándola de otras propuestas como la de «tacto» o sensibilidad pedagógica (Van Manen, 1998 y, se deslindan algunos desafíos para su implementación práctica.

Uterine Vascular Lesions

Science.gov (United States)

Vijayakumar, Abhishek; Srinivas, Amruthashree; Chandrashekar, Babitha Moogali; Vijayakumar, Avinash

2013-01-01

Vascular lesions of the uterus are rare; most reported in the literature are arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Uterine AVMs can be congenital or acquired. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports of acquired vascular lesions of the uterus following pregnancy, abortion, cesarean delivery, and curettage. It can be seen from these reports that there is confusion concerning the terminology of uterine vascular lesions. There is also a lack of diagnostic criteria and management guidelines, which has led to an increased number of unnecessary invasive procedures (eg, angiography, uterine artery embolization, hysterectomy for abnormal vaginal bleeding). This article familiarizes readers with various vascular lesions of the uterus and their management. PMID:24340126

Tecnología de gráficos en computadora, enfoques subyacentes a su abordaje en carreras universitarias proyectuales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Balmaceda, María Isabel

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Existen múltiples teorías desde donde se puede entender y definir la tecnología. Cada una de ellas supone diferentes posicionamientos frente a la realidad, condiciona la definición de objetos de estudio y también las metodologías para su abordaje desde la educación. En este trabajo se analizan los posicionamientos que subyacen a tres modalidades diferentes en relación con el abordaje de la “tecnología de gráficos en computadora” (como parte del universo de la tecnología computacional, en carreras universitarias proyectuales. Se plantean las consecuencias de estos enfoques en la formación de los futuros profesionales y se fundamenta por qué se deberían generalizar modalidades que se sustenten en un enfoque crítico frente a la tecnología.

Cadenas de valor. Un enfoque poderoso en la nueva competitividad global

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

René Mendoza V

2006-02-01

Full Text Available LOS PLANES DE GOBIERNO YA NO SÓLO HABLAN DE CLUSTER, SINO DE CADENAS de valor. Sin embargo, los estudios y cursos universitarios existentes en Nicaragua bajo el título cadenas de valor, en realidad son estudios de cadenas productivas. ¿Qué es pues cadenas de valor? Este artículo pasa revista a los antecedentes de este enfoque para mostrar su evolución y su carácter distintivo, desarrolla la teoría y metodología que hace de la cadena de valor una herramienta poderosa para la competitividad, y concluye revelando sus limitaciones y fortalezas desde países como Nicaragua.

La intervención del pediatra en el niño con labio y paladar hendido

OpenAIRE

Esther Lombardo-Aburto

2017-01-01

Las malformaciones congénitas son defectos estructurales presentes en el nacimiento. Las fisuras labio-alvéolo palatinas tienen una alta incidencia que se presenta en uno de cada 750 recién nacidos vivos, por lo que están entre las malformaciones más frecuentes y mejor conocidas. El labio y paladar hendido son anomalías que comúnmente están asociadas y constituyen las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes de la cabeza y el cuello. Se define como labio leporino o hendido, fisura labial o qu...

Mortalidad infantil por malformaciones congénitas y condición socioeconómica: el caso de la Argentina Infant mortality due to congenital malformations and socioeconomic status: the case of Argentina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rubén A. Bronberg

2012-06-01

Full Text Available OBJETIVO: Relacionar la tasa de mortalidad infantil por malformaciones congénitas (TMIMC y el porcentaje de muertes por malformaciones congénitas (%MMC con las características sociodemográficas y económicas en la Argentina. MÉTODOS: La población estudiada de la Argentina reside en 511 departamentos de 23 provincias, agrupadas en cinco regiones geográficas (Noroeste, Noreste, Centro, Cuyo y Patagonía. Las variables analizadas fueron la TMLMC y el %MMC calculados a partir de los nacimientos y las defunciones del quinquenio 2002-2006. Además, se utilizaron 21 variables del Censo de Población y Vivienda del 2001 (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de Argentina para construir el Indicador Sociodemográfico y Económico (ISDE mediante el análisis de componentes principales. Se realizaron pruebas de comparación para valorar si aparecían diferencias significativas entre las distintas regiones y las correlaciones entre indicadores, y de estos con la latitud y longitud departamental. RESULTADOS: La TMIMC no presentó correlación significativa con el ISDE ni con las coor denadas geográficas. El %MMC y el ISDE presentaron una correlación positiva significativa (P OBJECTIVE: Compare the infant mortality rate due to congenital malformations ( IMRCM and the percentage of deaths due to congenital malformations (%DCM with sociodemographic and economic characteristics in Argentina. METHODS: The Argentine study population resided in 511 departments of 23 provinces, grouped into five geographic regions (Northwest, Northeast, Central, Cuyo, and Patagonia. The analyzed variables were the IMRCM and the %DCM calculated on the basis of births and deaths during 2002-2006 period. In addition, 21 variables were used from the 2001 Population and Housing Census (National Census and Statistics Institute of Argentina to construct the Sociodemographic and Economic Indicator (SDEI through the analysis of principal components. Comparison tests were

Estrogen, vascular estrogen receptor and hormone therapy in postmenopausal vascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Khalil, Raouf A

2013-12-15

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is less common in premenopausal women than men of the same age or postmenopausal women, suggesting vascular benefits of estrogen. Estrogen activates estrogen receptors ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle (VSM), which trigger downstream signaling pathways and lead to genomic and non-genomic vascular effects such as vasodilation, decreased VSM contraction and growth and reduced vascular remodeling. However, randomized clinical trials (RCTs), such as the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS), have shown little vascular benefits and even adverse events with menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), likely due to factors related to the MHT used, ER profile, and RCT design. Some MHT forms, dose, combinations or route of administration may have inadequate vascular effects. Age-related changes in ER amount, distribution, integrity and post-ER signaling could alter the vascular response to MHT. The subject's age, preexisting CVD, and hormone environment could also reduce the effects of MHT. Further evaluation of natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens, and selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs), and the design of appropriate MHT combinations, dose, route and 'timing' could improve the effectiveness of conventional MHT and provide alternative therapies in the peri-menopausal period. Targeting ER using specific ER agonists, localized MHT delivery, and activation of specific post-ER signaling pathways could counter age-related changes in ER. Examination of the hormone environment and conditions associated with hormone imbalance such as polycystic ovary syndrome may reveal the causes of abnormal hormone-receptor interactions. Consideration of these factors in new RCTs such as the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) could enhance the vascular benefits of estrogen in postmenopausal CVD. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

La competencia intercultural en un lugar de trabajo internacional. Un enfoque cognitivo-pragmático

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dam, Lotte; García Agustín, Óscar

2012-01-01

Los empleados en empresas multinacionales no solo aplican sus competencias laborales para desempeñar su trabajo, sino que recurren a sus competencias interculturales. En este artículo, analizamos la competencia intercultural desde un enfoque cognitivo-pragmático para dar cuenta del modo en que em...... términos culturales, combinando representaciones estereotipadas con nuevas categorías fruto del aprendizaje intercultural....

The vascular surgery workforce: a survey of consultant vascular surgeons in the UK, 2014.

Science.gov (United States)

Harkin, D W; Beard, J D; Shearman, C P; Wyatt, M G

2015-04-01

The purpose of this study was to describe the demographics, training, and practice characteristics of consultant vascular surgeons across the UK to provide an assessment of current, and inform future prediction of workforce needs. A questionnaire was developed using a modified Delphi process to generate questionnaire items. The questionnaire was emailed to all consultant vascular surgeons (n = 450) in the UK who were members of the Vascular Society of Great Britain & Ireland. 352 consultant vascular surgeons from 95 hospital trusts across the UK completed the survey (78% response rate). The mean age was 50.6 years old, the majority (62%) were mid-career, but 24% were above the age of 55. Currently, 92% are men and only 8% women. 93% work full-time, with 60% working >50 hours, and 21% working >60 hours per week. The average team was 5 to 6 (range 2-10) vascular surgeons, with 23% working in a large team of ≥8. 17% still work in small teams of ≤3. Over 90% of consultant vascular surgeons perform the major index vascular surgery procedures (aneurysm repair, carotid endarterectomy, infra-inguinal bypass, amputation). While 84% perform standard endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), <50% perform more complex endovascular aortic therapy. The majority of vascular surgeons "like their job" (85%) and are "satisfied" (69%) with their job. 34% of consultant vascular surgeons indicated they were "extremely likely" to retire within the next 10 years. This study provides the first detailed analysis of the new specialty of vascular surgery as practiced in the UK. There is a need to plan for a significant expansion in the consultant vascular surgeon workforce in the UK over the next 10 years to maintain the status quo. Copyright © 2014 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EL ENFOQUE HISTÓRICO CULTURAL EN EL ESTUDIO DEL DESARROLLO HUMANO: PARA UNA PRAXIS HUMANISTA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gloria Fariñas León

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Muchos investigadores dedicados al campo de la educación han realizado estudios en los últimos años basándose en los conceptos del enfoque histórico cultural. Desafortunadamente en muchas ocasiones conocen pobremente las principales ideas de Vigotsky y predominan entre ellos una visión simplista acerca de las dinámicas humanas que propicia entre los investigadores una visión monolítica a la vez que conformista sobre estos temas. En el presente artículo, analizo críticamente las tergiversaciones principales, que a mi juicio, ha sufrido el enfoque histórico cultural y sus causas. Por otra parte, razono la esencia humanista y compleja del paradigma histórico culturalista y su valor explicativo, lo que tiene que ver con las incomprensiones tratadas aquí. El positivismo evade de cierta forma el estudio de los fundamentos teóricos de los enfoques. Mi objetivo fundamental es esclarecer la lógica vigotskyana (consistente en un punto de vista dialéctico complejo en oposición con la filosofía positivista. Finalmente, valoro una investigación que considero como uno de los mejores ejemplos de la visión histórico culturalista sobre la educación y el desarrollo. Enfatizo dos conclusiones fundamentales del análisis: Primero: la tarea principal que tiene un lector para comprender la obra de un autor en el ámbito del desarrollo humano -como es el caso de Vigotsky-, es comprender su axiología y epistemología. En segundo lugar, que ese razonamiento permite conocer verdaderamente el fundamento en que se sustentan las categorías y principios asumidos. Ambos pasos están ligados indisolublemente. El lector tiene que considerar la idiosincrasia del autor, su modo de pensar y su carácter, desde el comienzo de la lectura.

Desarrollo sostenible: enfoques desde las ciencias económicas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Andrés Vergara Tamayo

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El concepto de desarrollo sostenible ha sido objeto de gran discusión y controversia durante décadas, de cuestionamientos y debates teórico–prácticos en el ámbito disciplinar económico. Las teorías que soportan esta diversidad conceptual permiten identificar en el tiempo no solo la construcción del concepto, sino también la transformación que este sufre, ya sea por parte de enfoques disciplinares o también multidisciplinares, como una diversidad de posturas frente a la evolución del mismo. A partir de allí surge la necesidad de relacionar algunos elementos clave, así como los diferentes puntos del desarrollo sostenible, dadas las condiciones que dieron origen a este desde la economía como ciencia social.

Enfoque terapéutico de la bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Tibavizco

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Staphylococcus aureus es un patógeno importante que causa cerca de 11% a 33% de las bacteriemias hospitalarias y un porcentaje importante de las adquiridas en la comunidad, con una tasa de complicaciones cercana a 50%. En la siguiente revisión se destaca la epidemiología de la bacteriemia por S. aureus, con especial referencia a la situación de este patógeno en Colombia, la frecuencia y los mecanismos de resistencia a los medicamentos más frecuentemente usados en este contexto, y se discuten los elementos semiológicos, clínicos y de laboratorio que influyen en el enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de los pacientes con bacteriemia por este microorganismo.

VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI) induced vascular insufficiency in zebrafish as a model for studying vascular toxicity and vascular preservation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Shang; Dang, Yuan Ye; Oi Lam Che, Ginny; Kwan, Yiu Wa; Chan, Shun Wan; Leung, George Pak Heng; Lee, Simon Ming Yuen; Hoi, Maggie Pui Man

2014-01-01

In ischemic disorders such as chronic wounds and myocardial ischemia, there is inadequate tissue perfusion due to vascular insufficiency. Besides, it has been observed that prolonged use of anti-angiogenic agents in cancer therapy produces cardiovascular toxicity caused by impaired vessel integrity and regeneration. In the present study, we used VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor II (VRI) to chemically induce vascular insufficiency in zebrafish in vivo and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro to further study the mechanisms of vascular morphogenesis in these pathological conditions. We also explored the possibility of treating vascular insufficiency by enhancing vascular regeneration and repair with pharmacological intervention. We observed that pretreatment of VRI induced blood vessel loss in developing zebrafish by inhibiting angiogenesis and increasing endothelial cell apoptosis, accompanied by down-regulation of kdr, kdrl and flt-1 genes expression. The VRI-induced blood vessel loss in zebrafish could be restored by post-treatment of calycosin, a cardiovascular protective isoflavone. Similarly, VRI induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in HUVEC which could be rescued by calycosin post-treatment. Further investigation of the underlying mechanisms showed that the PI3K/AKT/Bad cell survival pathway was a main contributor of the vascular regenerative effect of calycosin. These findings indicated that the cardiovascular toxicity in anti-angiogenic therapy was mainly caused by insufficient endothelial cell survival, suggesting its essential role in vascular integrity, repair and regeneration. In addition, we showed that VRI-induced blood vessel loss in zebrafish represented a simple and effective in vivo model for studying vascular insufficiency and evaluating cancer drug vascular toxicities. - Highlights: • In vivo VRI model • Rescue effects of calycosin • Calycosin EC survival pathways

Off, un nuevo enfoque en la construcción de Sistemas Operativos Distribuidos

OpenAIRE

Ballesteros Cámara, Francisco José

1998-01-01

La extensión alcanzada por las redes de ordenadores ha provocado la aparición y extensión de Sistemas Operativos Distribuidos (SSOODD) [158], como alternativa de futuro a los Sistemas Operativos centralizados. El enfoque más común para la construcción de Sistemas Operativos Distribuidos [158] consiste en la realización de servicios distribuidos sobre un μkernel centralizado encargado de operar en cada uno de los nodos de la red (μkernel servicios distribuidos). Esta estrategia entorpece...

El Plan TBCero: Un enfoque integral para el control de la Tuberculosis

OpenAIRE

Fuentes-Tafur, Luis Alberto; Ticona Chávez, Eduardo; Velasco Guerrero, Juan Carlos; Carpio Montenegro, Wilder Vidauro; Rumaldo Gómez, Eduardo Guido; Canelo Marruffo, Pamela

2012-01-01

Introducción: Presentamos los resultados de la ejecución del Plan TBCero, que con un enfoque sociopolítico se desarrolla en la jurisdicción del centro de salud de San Cosme, distrito de La Victoria. Esta es un área de elevado riesgo de transmisión de TB (AERT-TB), que presenta la más alta tasa de incidencia de TB del Perú, y donde las condiciones como el trabajo informal, daños psicosociales, pobreza, altas tasas migratorias, hacinamiento y tugurización han dificultado el éxito de diversas in...

Vascular pattern formation in plants.

Science.gov (United States)

Scarpella, Enrico; Helariutta, Ykä

2010-01-01

Reticulate tissue systems exist in most multicellular organisms, and the principles underlying the formation of cellular networks have fascinated philosophers, mathematicians, and biologists for centuries. In particular, the beautiful and varied arrangements of vascular tissues in plants have intrigued mankind since antiquity, yet the organizing signals have remained elusive. Plant vascular tissues form systems of interconnected cell files throughout the plant body. Vascular cells are aligned with one another along continuous lines, and vascular tissues differentiate at reproducible positions within organ environments. However, neither the precise path of vascular differentiation nor the exact geometry of vascular networks is fixed or immutable. Several recent advances converge to reconcile the seemingly conflicting predictability and plasticity of vascular tissue patterns. A control mechanism in which an apical-basal flow of signal establishes a basic coordinate system for body axis formation and vascular strand differentiation, and in which a superimposed level of radial organizing cues elaborates cell patterns, would generate a reproducible tissue configuration in the context of an underlying robust, self-organizing structure, and account for the simultaneous regularity and flexibility of vascular tissue patterns. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vascular grading of angiogenesis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, S; Grabau, D A; Sørensen, Flemming Brandt

2000-01-01

The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of angiogenesis by vascular grading of primary breast tumours, and to evaluate the prognostic impact of adding the vascular grade to the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). The investigation included 836 patients. The median follow-up time was 11...... years and 4 months. The microvessels were immunohistochemically stained by antibodies against CD34. Angiogenesis was graded semiquantitatively by subjective scoring into three groups according to the expected number of microvessels in the most vascular tumour area. The vascular grading between observers...... for 24% of the patients, who had a shift in prognostic group, as compared to NPI, and implied a better prognostic dissemination. We concluded that the angiogenesis determined by vascular grading has independent prognostic value of clinical relevance for patients with breast cancer....

Vascular grading of angiogenesis

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hansen, S; Grabau, D A; Sørensen, Flemming Brandt

2000-01-01

The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of angiogenesis by vascular grading of primary breast tumours, and to evaluate the prognostic impact of adding the vascular grade to the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). The investigation included 836 patients. The median follow-up time was 11...... years and 4 months. The microvessels were immunohistochemically stained by antibodies against CD34. Angiogenesis was graded semiquantitatively by subjective scoring into three groups according to the expected number of microvessels in the most vascular tumour area. The vascular grading between observers...... impact for 24% of the patients, who had a shift in prognostic group, as compared to NPI, and implied a better prognostic dissemination. We concluded that the angiogenesis determined by vascular grading has independent prognostic value of clinical relevance for patients with breast cancer....

La demanda de carnes y pescados en Túnez: un enfoque dinámico

OpenAIRE

Gil, José M.ª; Dhehibi, B.; Angulo, Ana Maria

2001-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en analizar la demanda de carnes y pescado en Túnez utilizando sistemas econométricos multiecuacionales en base a datos de series temporales para el período 1973-1997. Se ha prestado especial atención a la especificación del modelo y al cumplimiento de las restricciones teóricas. Desde el primer punto de vista, se ha optado por un enfoque dinámico general que permite seleccionar la forma funcional que mejor se ajusta a los datos. Los resultados del análisi...

Preparation and features of polycaprolactone vascular grafts with the incorporated vascular endothelial growth factor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sevostyanova, V. V., E-mail: sevostyanova.victoria@gmail.com; Khodyrevskaya, Y. I.; Glushkova, T. V.; Antonova, L. V.; Kudryavtseva, Y. A.; Barbarash, O. L.; Barbarash, L. S. [Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo (Russian Federation)

2015-10-27

The development of tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts is an urgent issue in cardiovascular surgery. In this study, we assessed how the incorporation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) affects morphological and mechanical properties of polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts along with its release kinetics. Vascular grafts were prepared using two-phase electrospinning. In pursuing our aims, we performed scanning electron microscopy, mechanical testing, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our results demonstrated the preservation of a highly porous structure and improvement of PCL/VEGF scaffold mechanical properties as compared to PCL grafts. A prolonged VEGF release testifies the use of this construct as a scaffold for tissue-engineered vascular grafts.

Un enfoque multidisciplinar para el análisis del comportamiento de compra en el turista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rafael Fabricio Matos Cámara

2009-01-01

Full Text Available Existen numerosas variables que inciden en la elección de un destino turístico. En este sentido, la percepción que tiene el turista por un lugar sin haber estado y los estímulos que condicionan su intención de ir generan una oportunidad de estudio dentro de la literatura. Este trabajo presenta un marco teórico integrador de tres perspectivas que influyen en la intención de compra del turista, con aportaciones de la teoría de señales, las teorías de emociones y el enfoque de marketing de relaciones. El estudio pretende mostrar la conveniencia de abordar el análisis de los destinos turísticos desde una perspectiva integradora de tres enfoques, para evitar tener una visión parcial e incompleta del problema. El propósito último sería saber el papel que desempeñan las señales, las emociones y la confianza en la intención de los turistas de ir a un destino turístico. Las consideraciones finales justifican las teorías propuestas y su aplicación al ámbito turístico.

Aseguramiento de la Calidad en la Construcción de Sistemas Basados en el Conocimiento: Un Enfoque Práctico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eduardo Diez

2013-10-01

Full Text Available La función de aseguramiento de la calidad del software (SQA se debe basar en un planificado y sistemático diseño de acciones y métodos, requeridos para garantizar la calidad del mismo. En el presente trabajo, se presenta un diseño de acciones y métodos que constituyen un enfoque práctico para el desempeño de la función de SQA en una organización, adaptado especialmente a la metodología IDEAL para el desarrollo de sistemas basados en el conocimiento. Este enfoque no pretende ser exclusivo y en ningún caso limita o inhibe la aplicación de otras acciones, métodos o modelos, sino que podrá ser su complemento, adaptándolo convenientemente. El enfoque o modelo de aseguramiento de la calidad del software que tiene las siguientes características: el modelo de aseguramiento de calidad de software sugerido es una interfaz a una metodología, ideal en este caso, de desarrollo de software, el modelo que aquí se presenta no es una metodología en sí misma, sino que debe acoplarse a una metodología de desarrollo para poder implementarse, esta interfaz está compuesta por módulos independientes, donde cada uno de ellos se asocia a ciertos procesos de la metodología ideal.

Double-filter identification of vascular-expressed genes using Arabidopsis plants with vascular hypertrophy and hypotrophy.

Science.gov (United States)

Ckurshumova, Wenzislava; Scarpella, Enrico; Goldstein, Rochelle S; Berleth, Thomas

2011-08-01

Genes expressed in vascular tissues have been identified by several strategies, usually with a focus on mature vascular cells. In this study, we explored the possibility of using two opposite types of altered tissue compositions in combination with a double-filter selection to identify genes with a high probability of vascular expression in early organ primordia. Specifically, we generated full-transcriptome microarray profiles of plants with (a) genetically strongly reduced and (b) pharmacologically vastly increased vascular tissues and identified a reproducible cohort of 158 transcripts that fulfilled the dual requirement of being underrepresented in (a) and overrepresented in (b). In order to assess the predictive value of our identification scheme for vascular gene expression, we determined the expression patterns of genes in two unbiased subsamples. First, we assessed the expression patterns of all twenty annotated transcription factor genes from the cohort of 158 genes and found that seventeen of the twenty genes were preferentially expressed in leaf vascular cells. Remarkably, fifteen of these seventeen vascular genes were clearly expressed already very early in leaf vein development. Twelve genes with published leaf expression patterns served as a second subsample to monitor the representation of vascular genes in our cohort. Of those twelve genes, eleven were preferentially expressed in leaf vascular tissues. Based on these results we propose that our compendium of 158 genes represents a sample that is highly enriched for genes expressed in vascular tissues and that our approach is particularly suited to detect genes expressed in vascular cell lineages at early stages of their inception. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enfoques republicanos contemporáneos sobre la democracia y su potencial cosmopolita

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Honohan, Iseult

2005-12-01

Full Text Available Has republican political theory any resources to offer contemporary democracy? Two objections are addressed: that contemporary republican theory is too internally contested to offer a coherent approach, and that any valuable insights are indistinguishable from liberal theory. I argued that, despite certain common ground between republicans and liberals, their engagement with democracy displays different approaches, tensions and accommodations. Republicanism has a coherent underlying perspective and offersa distinctive approach to grounding and conceiving democracy. Its emphasis on deliberation among citizens in multiple public spheres, rather than on unitary popular sovereignity can potentially contribute to addressing problems of understanding and realising democracy at transnational and global levels.

¿Tiene la teoría política republicana algún recurso que ofrecer a la democracia contemporánea? Dos objeciones son abordadas: que se pone en tela de juicio demasiado internamente que la teoría republicana contemporánea pueda ofrecer una propuesta coherente, y que ninguna idea susceptible de ser valorada es distinguible de la teoría liberal. Mantengo que, a pesar de que hay ciertos lugares comunes entre los republicanos y los liberales, su compromiso para con la democracia muestra diferentes enfoques, tensiones y acuerdos. El republicanismo tiene una subyacente perspectiva coherente y ofrece un enfoque distintivo para fundamentar y concebir la democracia. Su énfasis en la deliberación entre ciudadanos en múltiples esferas públicas, antes que en una soberanía popular unitaria, puede contribuir potencialmente a tratar los problemas que conlleva la compresión y la realización de la democracia a nivel transnacional y global.

Proatherogenic pathways leading to vascular calcification

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mazzini, Michael J.; Schulze, P. Christian

2006-01-01

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world and atherosclerosis is the major common underlying disease. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis involves local vascular injury, inflammation and oxidative stress as well as vascular calcification. Vascular calcification has long been regarded as a degenerative process leading to mineral deposition in the vascular wall characteristic for late stages of atherosclerosis. However, recent studies identified vascular calcification in early stages of atherosclerosis and its occurrence has been linked to clinical events in patients with cardiovascular disease. Its degree correlates with local vascular inflammation and with the overall impact and the progression of atherosclerosis. Over the last decade, diverse and highly regulated molecular signaling cascades controlling vascular calcification have been described. Local and circulating molecules such as osteopontin, osteoprogerin, leptin and matrix Gla protein were identified as critical regulators of vascular calcification. We here review the current knowledge on molecular pathways of vascular calcification and their relevance for the progression of cardiovascular disease

Desarrollo de competencias comunicativas a partir de la aplicación de una estrategia didáctica: Los proyectos colaborativos con enfoque tríadico

OpenAIRE

Córdoba de Arias, Soledad

2003-01-01

Tesis (Maestría en Educación y Desarrollo Humano). Universidad de Manizales. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. CINDE, 2003 El enfoque de esta investigación es empírico-analítica, con un diseño cuasiexperimental “antes y después con un grupo experimental y uno de control”: se basa en que las mediciones se hacen antes y después de la intervención. En ésta se pretende validar la estrategia didáctica proyectos colaborativos con enfoque triádico, para el desarrollo de las competencias...

Vascular Remodeling in Experimental Hypertension

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Norma R. Risler

2005-01-01

Full Text Available The basic hemodynamic abnormality in hypertension is an increased peripheral resistance that is due mainly to a decreased vascular lumen derived from structural changes in the small arteries wall, named (as a whole vascular remodeling. The vascular wall is an active, flexible, and integrated organ made up of cellular (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, adventitia cells, and fibroblasts and noncellular (extracellular matrix components, which in a dynamic way change shape or number, or reorganize in response to physiological and pathological stimuli, maintaining the integrity of the vessel wall in physiological conditions or participating in the vascular changes in cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension. Research focused on new signaling pathways and molecules that can participate in the mechanisms of vascular remodeling has provided evidence showing that vascular structure is not only affected by blood pressure, but also by mechanisms that are independent of the increased pressure. This review will provide an overview of the evidence, explaining some of the pathophysiologic mechanisms participating in the development of the vascular remodeling, in experimental models of hypertension, with special reference to the findings in spontaneously hypertensive rats as a model of essential hypertension, and in fructose-fed rats as a model of secondary hypertension, in the context of the metabolic syndrome. The understanding of the mechanisms producing the vascular alterations will allow the development of novel pharmacological tools for vascular protection in hypertensive disease.

Vascular injuries of the upper extremity Lesões vasculares de membros superiores

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raafat Shalabi

2006-12-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: This study analyzes the causes of injuries, presentations, surgical approaches, outcome and complications of vascular trauma of the upper limbs, in spite of limited hospital resources. METHODS: A 5-year retrospective analysis. From 01/01/2001 to 31/12/2005, 165 patients were operated for vascular injuries at King Fahd Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia. Of all peripheral vascular trauma patients (115, upper limb trauma was present in 58. Diagnosis was made by physical examination and hand-held Doppler alone or in combination with Doppler scan/angiography. Primary vascular repair was performed whenever possible; otherwise, the interposition vein graft was used. Fasciotomy was considered when required. Patients with unsalvageable lower extremity injury requiring primary amputation were excluded from the study. RESULTS: Fifty patients were male (86% and eight were female (14%, aged between 2.5-55 years (mean 23 years. Mean duration of presentation was 8 h after the injury. The most common etiological factor was road traffic accidents, accounting for 50.5% in the blunt trauma group and 33% among all penetrating and stab wound injuries. Incidence of concomitant orthopedic injuries was very high in our study (51%. The brachial artery was the most affected (51%. Interposition vein grafts were used in 53% of the cases. Limb salvage rate was 100%. CONCLUSION: Patients who suffer vascular injuries of the upper extremities should be transferred to vascular surgery centers as soon as possible. Decisive management of peripheral vascular trauma will maximize patient survival and limb salvage. Priorities must be established in the management of associated injuries, and delay must be avoided when ischemic changes are present.OBJETIVO: Este estudo analisa as causas de lesões, apresentação, abordagens cirúrgicas, desfechos e complicações do trauma vascular de membros superiores, apesar de recursos hospitalares limitados. MÉTODOS: An

El enfoque comunicativo inmerso en el aprendizaje del idioma Inglés en Ciencia de la Computación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MSc. Alberto Luna-Hernández

2015-11-01

Full Text Available La enseñanza del idioma inglés y su cultura, así como el desarrollo de las habilidades idiomáticas a través de un enfoque comunicativo, se convierten en una de los objetivos del proceso enseñanza - aprendizaje del idioma inglés en la carrera Ciencia de la Computación de la Universidad de Oriente, a partir del desarrollo de una competencia comunicativa, que a su vez contribuya a la formación de un profesional más integral y competente en todos los órdenes. El enfoque comunicativo comprende una estrategia de aprendizaje cognitivo que abarca la pronunciación, la estructura, la gramática, el léxico, la pragmática, y otras, así como una teoría del lenguaje como medio de comunicación, con énfasis en el desarrollo de lacompetencia comunicativa. Ello es sustentador de la   competencia comunicativa en el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. La competencia comunicativa en la enseñanza del idioma inglés toma como punto de partida el enfoque comunicativo, de ahí su interrelación focalizada en el desarrollo de conocimientos, habilidades y hábitos que permiten la emisión, recepción y negociación efectiva y apropiada de los mensajes contenidos en los actos de comunicación, a través del lenguaje verbal y no verbal.Por ello, en los programas de estudio se establece como primacía el uso de la comunicación oral del lenguaje sobre susformas escritas.

Pediatric central nervous system vascular malformations

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Burch, Ezra A. [Brigham and Women' s Hospital, Department of Radiology, Boston, MA (United States); Orbach, Darren B. [Boston Children' s Hospital, Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston, MA (United States)

2015-09-15

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) vascular anomalies include lesions found only in the pediatric population and also the full gamut of vascular lesions found in adults. Pediatric-specific lesions discussed here include infantile hemangioma, vein of Galen malformation and dural sinus malformation. Some CNS vascular lesions that occur in adults, such as arteriovenous malformation, have somewhat distinct manifestations in children, and those are also discussed. Additionally, children with CNS vascular malformations often have associated broader vascular conditions, e.g., PHACES (posterior fossa anomalies, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, eye anomalies and sternal anomalies), hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (related to the RASA1 mutation). The treatment of pediatric CNS vascular malformations has greatly benefited from advances in endovascular therapy, including technical advances in adult interventional neuroradiology. Dramatic advances in therapy are expected to stem from increased understanding of the genetics and vascular biology that underlie pediatric CNS vascular malformations. (orig.)

Pediatric central nervous system vascular malformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burch, Ezra A.; Orbach, Darren B.

2015-01-01

Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) vascular anomalies include lesions found only in the pediatric population and also the full gamut of vascular lesions found in adults. Pediatric-specific lesions discussed here include infantile hemangioma, vein of Galen malformation and dural sinus malformation. Some CNS vascular lesions that occur in adults, such as arteriovenous malformation, have somewhat distinct manifestations in children, and those are also discussed. Additionally, children with CNS vascular malformations often have associated broader vascular conditions, e.g., PHACES (posterior fossa anomalies, hemangioma, arterial anomalies, cardiac anomalies, eye anomalies and sternal anomalies), hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, and capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation syndrome (related to the RASA1 mutation). The treatment of pediatric CNS vascular malformations has greatly benefited from advances in endovascular therapy, including technical advances in adult interventional neuroradiology. Dramatic advances in therapy are expected to stem from increased understanding of the genetics and vascular biology that underlie pediatric CNS vascular malformations. (orig.)

Influencia del tipo de nutrición en la evolución del recién nacido operado por malformaciones digestivas Influence of the type of nutrition in the clinical course of the newborn operated due to digestive malformations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Teresa Joa Mesa

Full Text Available Se presentan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo y transversal sobre la alimentación precoz en los recién nacidos intervenidos quirúrgicamente por malformaciones digestivas, atendidos en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Infantil Norte "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" de Santiago de Cuba en el quinquenio 2003 _ 2007. La nutrición enteral causó menor número de complicaciones y fallecimientos, propició una mayor recuperación del peso corporal y apenas redujo las cifras de hemoglobina durante la estadía intrahospitalaria.The results of a descriptive and cross-sectional study on the early feeding in newborns surgically treated due to digestive malformations are presented. They were assisted in the Neonatology Service of "Dr. Juan de la Cruz Martínez Maceira" Northern Children Hospital of Santiago de Cuba in the five year period 2003-2007. The enteral nutrition caused less number of complications and deaths, it brought about a greater recovery of the body weight and it barely reduced the hemoglobin during the intrahospital stay.

Epistemología de la ordenación del territorio. Enfoque geopolítico

OpenAIRE

Lafont Mendizabal, Antxon

2014-01-01

616 p. La tesis presenta un novedoso enfoque geopolítico de la ordenación del territorio desde las primeras civilizaciones a la actualidad. La prospección epistemológica determina un sugestivo abanico de interpretación de 'tipos de ordenación del territorio' para, finalmente, proponer una metodología de ordenación, concepción, preparación y realización de operaciones de ordenación territorial en el contexto de un 'Nuevo Contrato Social' fundamentado en el nuevo paradigma del desarrollo sos...

Medición del valor agregado del hogar: nuevos enfoques para el caso peruano

OpenAIRE

Arlette Beltrán; Pablo Lavado

2013-01-01

Aun cuando las diferentes medidas convencionales del Producto Bruto Interno (PBI) muestran el desempeño económico del país, el cálculo de éstas no considera el significativo valor de los bienes y servicios producidos dentro del hogar. A través de la Encuesta Nacional del Uso de Tiempo (ENUT) 2010, la presente investigación trata de estimar el valor asociado al tiempo dedicado a las labores del hogar en el Perú bajo distintos enfoques discutidos en la literatura académica. Los resultados arroj...

Una propuesta práctica para entender, valorar y discernir los enfoques de la enseñanza (A Practical Proposal for Understanding, Evaluating and Discerning the Approaches to Teaching

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alicia Ros-Garrido

2015-03-01

Full Text Available Resumen: La finalidad del artículo es proporcionar una propuesta metodológica para facilitar la comprensión, la valoración y poder discernir los enfoques de la enseñanza propuestos por Fenstermacher y Soltis (1998. En primer lugar se hace referencia a diversas maneras de concebir y clasificar las teorías de enseñanza. En segundo lugar se resaltan los aspectos clave de los enfoques de la enseñanza: los elementos que intervienen en cualquier proceso de enseñanza; la “manera” de entender la enseñanza; el concepto de persona educada; la compatibilidad o incompatibilidad entre los enfoques; y se ofrece una síntesis de los aspectos más destacados de cada enfoque. En tercer lugar se realiza la propuesta metodológica a desarrollar con el alumnado. Por último, la conclusión es que la finalidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje define el enfoque de enseñanza asumido y/o puesto en práctica por el profesorado. Abstract: The purpose of the article is to provide a methodology to facilitate the understanding, evaluation and to discern the teaching approaches proposed by Fenstermacher and Soltis (1998. First, several ways of conceiving and classifying the theories of teaching are mentioned. Secondly the key aspects of teaching approaches are highlighted: the elements involved in any process of education; the way teaching is understood; the concept of educated person; compatibility or incompatibility between approaches; and a summary of the most important aspects of each approach is provided. Thirdly a methodological proposal to be developed with students is outlined. Finally, it is concluded that the purpose of the teaching-learning process defines the approach to teaching adopted and/or implemented by teachers.

Injuries to the vascular endothelium: vascular wall and endothelial dysfunction.

Science.gov (United States)

Fisher, Mark

2008-01-01

Vascular endothelial injury has multiple elements, and this article focuses on ischemia-related processes that have particular relevance to ischemic stroke. Distinctions between necrotic and apoptotic cell death provide a basic science context in which to better understand the significance of classical core and penumbra concepts of acute stroke, with apoptotic processes particularly prominent in the penumbra. The mitochondria are understood to serve as a reservoir of proteins that mediate apoptosis. Oxidative stress pathways generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) are prominent in endothelial injury, both ischemic and nonischemic, with prominent roles of enzyme- and nonenzymemediated pathways; mitochondria once again have a critical role, particularly in the nonenzymatic pathways generating ROS. Inflammation also contributes to vascular endothelial injury, and endothelial cells have the capacity to rapidly increase expression of inflammatory mediators following ischemic challenge; this leads to enhanced leukocyte-endothelial interactions mediated by selectins and adhesion molecules. Preconditioning consists of a minor version of an injurious event, which in turn may protect vascular endothelium from injury following a more substantial event. Presence of the blood-brain barrier creates unique responses to endothelial injury, with permeability changes due to impairment of endothelial-matrix interactions compounding altered vasomotor tone and tissue perfusion mediated by nitric oxide. Pharmacological protection against vascular endothelial injury can be provided by several of the phosphodiesterases (cilostazol and dipyridamole), along with statins. Optimal clinical responses for protection of brain vascular endothelium may use preconditioning as a model, and will likely require combined protection against apoptosis, ROS, and inflammation.

El Enfoque Bilingüe en la Educación de Sordos: sus implicancias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lengua escrita

OpenAIRE

Lissi,María Rosa; Svartholm,Kristina; González,Maribel

2012-01-01

En este artículo se revisan algunos antecedentes sobre el enfoque bilingüe en la educación de sordos, se describe específicamente cómo ha sido implementado en Suecia, y se hace referencia a la incorporación de este enfoque en la educación de sordos en Chile. Posteriormente, se analiza la forma en que la Lengua de Señas puede ser usada para enseñar la lengua escrita en contextos educativos bilingües, a través del análisis de ejemplos tomados de clases para niños de primer ciclo básico en una e...

Vascular malformations in pediatrics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Reith, W.; Shamdeen, M.G.

2003-01-01

Vascular malformations are the cause of nearly all non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in children beyond the neonatal stage. Therefore, any child presenting with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage should be evaluated for child abuse and for vascular malformations. Intracerebral malformations of the cerebral vasculature include vein of Galen malformations, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), cavernomas, dural arteriovenous fistulas, venous anomalies (DVA), and capillary teleangiectasies. Although a few familial vascular malformation have been reported, the majority are sporadic. Clinical symptoms, diagnostic and therapeutic options are discussed. (orig.) [de

Contemporary vascular smartphone medical applications.

Science.gov (United States)

Carter, Thomas; O'Neill, Stephen; Johns, Neil; Brady, Richard R W

2013-08-01

Use of smartphones and medical mHealth applications (apps) within the clinical environment provides a potential means for delivering elements of vascular care. This article reviews the contemporary availability of apps specifically themed to major vascular diseases and the opportunities and concerns regarding their integration into practice. Smartphone apps relating to major vascular diseases were identified from the app stores for the 6 most popular smartphone platforms, including iPhone, Android, Blackberry, Nokia, Windows, and Samsung. Search terms included peripheral artery (arterial) disease, varicose veins, aortic aneurysm, carotid artery disease, amputation, ulcers, hyperhydrosis, thoracic outlet syndrome, vascular malformation, and lymphatic disorders. Forty-nine vascular-themed apps were identified. Sixteen (33%) were free of charge. Fifteen apps (31%) had customer satisfaction ratings, but only 3 (6%) had greater than 100. Only 13 apps (27%) had documented medical professional involvement in their design or content. The integration of apps into the delivery of care has the potential to benefit vascular health care workers and patients. However, high-quality apps designed by clinicians with vascular expertise are currently lacking and represent an area of concern in the mHealth market. Improvement in the quality and reliability of these apps will require the development of robust regulation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors in Benign Vascular Lesions of the Orbit: A Case Series.

Science.gov (United States)

Atchison, Elizabeth A; Garrity, James A; Castillo, Francisco; Engman, Steven J; Couch, Steven M; Salomão, Diva R

2016-01-01

Vascular lesions of the orbit, although not malignant, can cause morbidity because of their location near critical structures in the orbit. For the same reason, they can be challenging to remove surgically. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs are increasingly being used to treat diseases with prominent angiogenesis. Our study aimed to determine to what extent VEGF receptors and their subtypes are expressed on selected vascular lesions of the orbit. Retrospective case series of all orbital vascular lesions removed by one of the authors (JAG) at the Mayo Clinic. A total of 52 patients who underwent removal of vascular orbital lesions. The pathology specimens from the patients were retrieved, their pathologic diagnosis was confirmed, demographic and clinical information were gathered, and sections from vascular tumors were stained with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 1 (VEGFR1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2 (VEGFR2), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 3 (VEGFR3). The existence and pattern of staining with VEGF and its subtypes on these lesions. There were 28 specimens of venous malformations, 4 capillary hemangiomas, 7 lymphatic malformations, and 6 lymphaticovenous malformations. All samples stained with VEGF, 55% stained with VEGFR1, 98% stained with VEGFR2, and 96% stained with VEGFR3. Most (94%) of the VEGFR2 staining was diffuse. Most orbital vascular lesions express VEGF receptors, which may suggest a future target for nonsurgical treatment. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Deficiency of superoxide dismutase promotes cerebral vascular hypertrophy and vascular dysfunction in hyperhomocysteinemia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sanjana Dayal

Full Text Available There is an emerging consensus that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cerebral vascular disease and that homocysteine-lowering therapy protects from ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia produces abnormalities of cerebral vascular structure and function remain largely undefined. Our objective in this study was to define the mechanistic role of superoxide in hyperhomocysteinemia-induced cerebral vascular dysfunction and hypertrophy. Unlike previous studies, our experimental design included a genetic approach to alter superoxide levels by using superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1-deficient mice fed a high methionine/low folate diet to produce hyperhomocysteinemia. In wild-type mice, the hyperhomocysteinemic diet caused elevated superoxide levels and impaired responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators in cerebral arterioles, and SOD1 deficiency compounded the severity of these effects. The cross-sectional area of the pial arteriolar wall was markedly increased in mice with SOD1 deficiency, and the hyperhomocysteinemic diet sensitized SOD1-deficient mice to this hypertrophic effect. Analysis of individual components of the vascular wall demonstrated a significant increase in the content of smooth muscle and elastin. We conclude that superoxide is a key driver of both cerebral vascular hypertrophy and vasomotor dysfunction in this model of dietary hyperhomocysteinemia. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which hyperhomocysteinemia promotes cerebral vascular disease and ischemic stroke.

Enfoques do comprometimento dos membros dos grupos PET da USP: um estudo comparativo entre grupos da capital e do interior [doi: 10.5329/RECADM.20090802005

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcus Felipe Brito Castro

2009-11-01

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 RESUMO O Comprometimento pode ser interpretado como vínculos entre pessoas e organizações e a natureza desses vínculos pode afetar o desempenho e resultados de ambos. O presente estudo, exploratório, de caráter qualitativo, tem como objetivo investigar os enfoques de comprometimento dos integrantes dos grupos PET – Programa de Educação Tutorial da Universidade de São Paulo – USP, da Capital e do Interior, comparando esses grupos em relação à predominância desses enfoques. Para desenvolver a análise foi utilizado o modelo tridimensional de Meyer e Allen (1991 com seus três enfoques de comprometimento: normativo, afetivo e instrumental, lembrando que uma pessoa pode apresentar os três, em maior ou menor grau. Os resultados encontrados indicam uma grande semelhança entre os enfoques dos grupos PET, sendo que o afetivo e o normativo apresentaram maior destaque nas amostras e, por serem enfoques que geram maior desempenho, contribuem para a perenidade e evolução do Programa. Ainda, o afetivo esteve relacionado principalmente aos objetivos, valores e metas, enquanto o normativo surgiu da valorização de esforço e obrigação.   Palavras-Chave: Comprometimento Organizacional; Enfoques; Organização PET.     ABSTRACT The commitment can be interpreted as links between a person and the organization, and the nature of these links can affect the performance and results of both. The present exploratory and qualitative study has as objective to study the approaches of commitment of the integrants of groups PET (Tutorial Education Program of University of São Paulo (USP, comparing groups PET of the Capital with those of the Internal in relation with the predominant approaches. To develop the analysis, was used the three-dimensional model of Allen and Meyer (1991 that shows and analysis the existence of three approaches of commitment: normative, affective

Nilai Rerata Vascular Pedicle Width, Vascular Pedicle-Cardiac Ratio Vascular Pedicle-Thoracic Ratio Orang Dewasa Normal Indonesia Studi di RS dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rommy Zunera

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Vascular pedicle width (VPW adalah jarak tepi luar vena kava superior ke tepi luar arteri subklavia kiri. Pemeriksaan VPW di foto toraks bersifat non-invasif, cepat dan mudah untuk memprediksi hipervolemia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rerata nilai VPW orang dewasa normal Indonesia. VPW diukurdengan dua metode: pertama pengukuran VPW tunggal yang akurasinya terbatas di foto toraks digital karenarelatif tidak dipengaruhi faktor magnifikasi. Metode kedua untuk foto toraks nondigital yaitu pengukuranrasio:vascular pedicle-cardiac ratio (VPCR dan vascular pedicle-thoracic ratio (VPTR. Pengukuran serupadilakukan terhadap  topogram CT scan toraks AP terlentang dan CT scan toraks lalu dibandingkan akurasipengukuran di topogram dengan CT scan  toraks sebagai standar baku. Sampel terdiri atas 104 foto toraksPA subyek normal dan 103 CT scan  toraks subyek terpilih. Pada pemeriksaan toraks PA didapatkan rerata VPW 48,0±5,5mm, rerata VPCR 40,3±4,6%, dan rerata VPTR 17,2±1,7%. Pada pemeriksaan topogram CTscan didapatkan rerata VPW 50,3±6,2mm, rerata VPTR 45±5,1%, dan rerata VPTR 19,8±2,5%. Rerata VPWpada CT scan toraks 50,4±6,1mm. Pengukuran di foto toraks AP 10% lebih besar dibandingkan pada fototoraks PA dan pengukuranVPW di foto toraks terbukti memiliki akurasi  tinggi. Kata kunci: fototoraks, vascular pedicle width, vascular pedicle-cardiac ratio, vascular pedicle-thoracic ratio, hipervolemia.   The Mean Value of Vascular Pedicle Width, Vascular Pedicle-Cardiac Ratio,Vascular Pedicle-Thoracic Ratio of Normal Indonesian Adult Study In dr. Cipto Mangunkusomo Hospital Abstract Vascular pedicle width (VPW is the distance, from a perpendicular line at the takeoff point of the left subclavian artery off the aorta to the point at which the superior vena cava. Measurement of VPW on chestx-ray is relatively non-invasive, fast and easy technique as  hypervolemia predictor. The purpose of thisstudy is to know the mean VPW value of normal

Calcium dynamics in vascular smooth muscle

OpenAIRE

Amberg, Gregory C.; Navedo, Manuel F.

2013-01-01

Smooth muscle cells are ultimately responsible for determining vascular luminal diameter and blood flow. Dynamic changes in intracellular calcium are a critical mechanism regulating vascular smooth muscle contractility. Processes influencing intracellular calcium are therefore important regulators of vascular function with physiological and pathophysiological consequences. In this review we discuss the major dynamic calcium signals identified and characterized in vascular smooth muscle cells....

El capital social en el nuevo enfoque del capital intelectual de las organizacionales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

EDUARDO BUENO

2002-01-01

de un nuevo modo de gobierno estratégico-social, en el que los recursos intangibles que componen el Capital Intelectual cobran un papel crítico en la creación de valor. En este nuevo enfoque surge el Capital Social de la organización, como suma de las relaciones poseídas y a desarrollar que aquella mantiene con sus partícipes y agentes sociales. Concepto que se sustenta en un conjunto de valores y sus correspondientes indicadores basados en la confianza, la lealtad, la sinceridad, el compromiso, la transparencia, la solidaridad, la responsabilidad, la honestidad y la ética, entre otros conceptos.

Open and endovascular aneurysm repair in the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative.

Science.gov (United States)

Spangler, Emily L; Beck, Adam W

2017-12-01

The Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative is a patient safety organization and a collection of procedure-based registries that can be utilized for quality improvement initiatives and clinical outcomes research. The Vascular Quality Initiative consists of voluntary participation by centers to collect data prospectively on all consecutive cases within specific registries which physicians and centers elect to participate. The data capture extends from preoperative demographics and risk factors (including indications for operation), through the perioperative period, to outcomes data at up to 1-year of follow-up. Additionally, longer-term follow-up can be achieved by matching with Medicare claims data, providing long-term longitudinal follow-up for a majority of patients within the Vascular Quality Initiative registries. We present the unique characteristics of the Vascular Quality Initiative registries and highlight important insights gained specific to open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PanVascular medicine. 2. ed.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lanzer, Peter (ed.) [Health Care Center Bitterfeld (Germany). Division of Cardiovascular Disease

2015-06-01

Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.

PanVascular medicine. 2. ed.

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lanzer, Peter

2015-01-01

Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.

O complexo industrial da saúde e a necessidade de um enfoque dinâmico na economia da saúde

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carlos Augusto Grabois Gadelha

2003-01-01

Full Text Available O artigo desenvolve um enfoque analítico voltado para o estudo do complexo industrial da saúde, englobando o conjunto das atividades produtivas e suas relações de interdependência, segundo uma perspectiva de economia política e da inovação. A lógica empresarial capitalista penetra em todos os segmentos produtivos, envolvendo tanto as indústrias que já operavam tradicionalmente nessas bases quanto segmentos que possuíam formas de organização em que era possível verificar a convivência de lógicas empresariais com outras que dela se afastavam, como a produção de vacinas e produtos biológicos, fitoderivados e a prestação de serviços de saúde. O artigo analisa a interação entre o sistema de saúde e o sistema econômico-industrial, mostrando como tem havido uma dicotomia na relação entre ambos, que se exprime na deterioração do potencial de inovação do país e numa crescente e preocupante vulnerabilidade externa da política de saúde. Sugere-se que o enfoque neoclássico tradicional da economia da saúde é insuficiente para tratar do complexo industrial da saúde, dada a intensidade do processo de mudança estrutural, e a necessidade de um enfoque teórico alternativo que incorpore a dinâmica de transformação econômica e institucional, de acumulação e de inovação.

[The future of vascular medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Kroeger, K; Luther, B

2014-10-01

In the future vascular medicine will still have a great impact on health of people. It should be noted that the aging of the population does not lead to a dramatic increase in patient numbers, but will be associated with a changing spectrum of co-morbidities. In addition, vascular medical research has to include the intensive care special features of vascular patients, the involvement of vascular medicine in a holistic concept of fast-track surgery, a geriatric-oriented intensive monitoring and early geriatric rehabilitation. For the future acceptance of vascular medicine as a separate subject area under delimitation of cardiology and radiology is important. On the other hand, the subject is so complex and will become more complex in future specialisations that mixing of surgery and angiology is desirable, with the aim to preserve the vascular surgical knowledge and skills on par with the medical and interventional measures and further develop them. Only large, interdisciplinary guided vascular centres will be able to provide timely diagnosis and therapy, to deal with the growing multi-morbidity of the patient, to perform complex therapies even in an acute emergency and due to sufficient number of cases to present with well-trained and experienced teams. These requirements are mandatory to decrease patients' mortality step by step. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

La influencia del enfoque de marketing en la gestión de la Cultura Física en las Escuelas Deportivas Comunitarias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luís Manuel Maceo Castillo

2008-12-01

Full Text Available Varios estudiosos del marketing coinciden en enfatizar sobre la diversidad de enfoques utilizados para definirlo. Kotler, Cruz Roche, Lambin concuerdan en conceptos como necesidad, deseos, intercambio, satisfacción, entre otros; estos han sido paradigmas para plantear que en la actualidad, y como parte del perfeccionamiento del subsistema para la formación y superación de cuadros pedagógicos en el Instituto Nacional de Deportes Educación Física y Recreación (INDER, sea posible hablar en términos de introducción y aplicación de dichos conceptos y crear condiciones favorables para un enfoque de marketing, pero no tradicional, sino de nuevo tipo, es decir marketing social y deportivo, elevando el nivel científico metodológico en los combinados deportivos recreativos con el propósito de aplicar enfoques de marketing en el diseño de estrategias de éxito que estarán destinadas a conocer la satisfacción y demandas de Cultura Física de la población y la relación entre los diferentes subsistemas y sus áreas de resultado clave, recreación física y Cultura Física en el adulto mayor, en correspondencia con los cambios económicos y sociales operados en Cuba a partir de las enormes dificultades generadas por el derrumbe del socialismo en Europa, y que han influido en el proceso de perfeccionamiento de todo tipo de organización.

Vascular neurocognitive disorders and the vascular risk factors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen V. Albu

2018-04-01

Full Text Available Dementias are clinical neurodegenerative diseases characterized by permanent and progressive transformation of cognitive functions such as memory, learning capacity, attention, thinking, language, passing judgments, calculation or orientation. Dementias represent a relatively frequent pathology, encountered at about 10% of the population of 65-year olds and 20% of the population of 80-year olds. This review presents the main etiological forms of dementia, which include Alzheimer form of dementia, vascular dementia, dementia associated with alpha-synucleionopathies, and mixed forms. Regarding vascular dementia, the risk factors are similar to those for an ischemic or hemorrhagic cerebrovascular accident: arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, smoking, obesity, age, alcohol consumption, cerebral atherosclerosis/ arteriosclerosis. Several studies show that efficient management of the vascular risk factors can prevent the expression and/ or progression of dementia. Thus, lifestyle changes such as stress reduction, regular physical exercise, decreasing dietary fat, multivitamin supplementation, adequate control of blood pressure and serum cholesterol, and social integration and mental stimulation in the elderly population are important factors in preventing or limiting the symptoms of dementia, a disease with significant individual, social, and economic implications.

La evaluación y el enfoque de competencias: Tensiones, limitaciones y oportunidades para la innovación docente en la universidad

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabiola Cabra Torres

2008-08-01

Full Text Available El artículo destaca elementos conceptuales y prácticos en los que la evaluación desde el enfoque de las competencias presenta dificultades, retos y oportunidades. A partir de una presentación de tensiones y limitaciones en la práctica de la evaluación, sugiere la necesidad de clarificar el concepto de competencia para que adquiera una coherencia disciplinar y metodológica tanto a nivel curricular como didáctico. Se presentan a manera de propuesta y reflexión, algunas innovaciones que desde el enfoque de las competencias ofrecen nuevas perspectivas tanto al mismo concepto de formación y de liderazgo pedagógico en la universidad como al seguimiento y revisión de la planificación de la enseñanza.

Geografía y su enfoque de los desastres

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Campos Sánchez, Nuria

2012-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo desarrolla aspectos generales de la ciencia geográfica, como su relación con otras ciencias, los enfoques y métodos que utiliza y algunos ejemplos de su aplicación. Explica su relación con la temática de los desastres y la reducción del riesgo. Expone algunos de sus campos de acción y su aplicación en el ordenamiento y planificación territorial. Comenta algunas de los instrumentos que utiliza como los mapas y los sistemas de información geográfica The article develops general aspects of the geographic science, as well as its relation with other sciences, focus and methods used and some examples of its implementation. It explains its relation with the topic of disasters and risk reduction. It presents some of the action areas and their implementation in the territory laws and planning. It comments on some of the instruments used, such as maps and the geographical information systems

Acceleration of vascularized bone tissue-engineered constructs in a large animal model combining intrinsic and extrinsic vascularization.

Science.gov (United States)

Weigand, Annika; Beier, Justus P; Hess, Andreas; Gerber, Thomas; Arkudas, Andreas; Horch, Raymund E; Boos, Anja M

2015-05-01

During the last decades, a range of excellent and promising strategies in Bone Tissue Engineering have been developed. However, the remaining major problem is the lack of vascularization. In this study, extrinsic and intrinsic vascularization strategies were combined for acceleration of vascularization. For optimal biomechanical stability of the defect site and simplifying future transition into clinical application, a primary stable and approved nanostructured bone substitute in clinically relevant size was used. An arteriovenous (AV) loop was microsurgically created in sheep and implanted, together with the bone substitute, in either perforated titanium chambers (intrinsic/extrinsic) for different time intervals of up to 18 weeks or isolated Teflon(®) chambers (intrinsic) for 18 weeks. Over time, magnetic resonance imaging and micro-computed tomography (CT) analyses illustrate the dense vascularization arising from the AV loop. The bone substitute was completely interspersed with newly formed tissue after 12 weeks of intrinsic/extrinsic vascularization and after 18 weeks of intrinsic/extrinsic and intrinsic vascularization. Successful matrix change from an inorganic to an organic scaffold could be demonstrated in vascularized areas with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Using the intrinsic vascularization method only, the degradation of the scaffold and osteoclastic activity was significantly lower after 18 weeks, compared with 12 and 18 weeks in the combined intrinsic-extrinsic model. Immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in bone tissue formation over time, without a difference between intrinsic/extrinsic and intrinsic vascularization after 18 weeks. This study presents the combination of extrinsic and intrinsic vascularization strategies for the generation of an axially vascularized bone substitute in clinically relevant size using a large animal model. The additional extrinsic vascularization promotes tissue

Social media in vascular surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Indes, Jeffrey E; Gates, Lindsay; Mitchell, Erica L; Muhs, Bart E

2013-04-01

There has been a tremendous growth in the use of social media to expand the visibility of various specialties in medicine. The purpose of this paper is to describe the latest updates on some current applications of social media in the practice of vascular surgery as well as existing limitations of use. This investigation demonstrates that the use of social networking sites appears to have a positive impact on vascular practice, as is evident through the incorporation of this technology at the Cleveland Clinic and by the Society for Vascular Surgery into their approach to patient care and physician communication. Overall, integration of social networking technology has current and future potential to be used to promote goals, patient awareness, recruitment for clinical trials, and professionalism within the specialty of vascular surgery. Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

ASSOCIAÇÃO DAS MALFORMAÇÕES CONGÊNITAS COM VARIÁVEIS NEONATAIS E MATERNAS EM UNIDADES NEONATAIS NUMA CIDADE DO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fabíola Chaves Fontoura

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Malformaciones congénitas ocurrir debido a factores genéticos, ambientales, mistos o por causas desconocidas. Se objetivó investigar la relación entre tipo de malformación congénita, variables neonatales y maternas. Estudio prospectivo, cuantitativo, realizado en tres unidades neonatales públicas en Fortaleza-CE, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados del sistema de registro de 159 recién nacidos malformados y analizados por medio del test Chi cuadrado (χ 2 , nivel de significancia de 5% ( p <0,05. Prevalecieron 85 (53% recién nacidos del sexo masculino, 91 (57% a término y 82 (52% con peso entre 2500g y 3999g. Sobresalieron malformaciones del sistema nervoso central y óseo muscular. Variables como sexo, edad gestacional, peso al nascer, uso de drogas, edad materna, renta familiar, nivel de instrucción y cantidad de hijos demostraron significancia estadística, cuando asociadas a las categorías de malformaciones (p<0,05. Factores maternos y neonatales presentaron relación con el tipo de malformaciones, datos relevantes para el cuidado de enfermería junto al neonato.

Percepción y pensamiento espacial. La veta reduccionista del enfoque enactivo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ignacio Ávila Cañamares

2015-01-01

Full Text Available En este ensayo exploro cierta veta reduccionista del enfoque enactivo de Noë. Primero argumento que su concepción de nuestro encuentro perceptual con las propiedades intrínsecas de los objetos requiere una metafísica relacional revisionista para ser exitosa. Luego argumento que la propuesta de Noë sobre el rol de la percepción para el pensamiento espacial exige una concepción revisionista de nuestros conceptos espaciales cotidianos. Finalmente, sugiero que a la base de estas formas de revisionismo está una comprensión reduccionista de la egocentricidad perceptual que debe abandonarse si queremos una concepción más substantiva de la percepción y su rol explicativo en el pensamiento.

Vascular elastic photoacoustic tomography in humans

Science.gov (United States)

Hai, Pengfei; Zhou, Yong; Liang, Jinyang; Li, Chiye; Wang, Lihong V.

2016-03-01

Quantification of vascular elasticity can help detect thrombosis and prevent life-threatening conditions such as acute myocardial infarction or stroke. Here, we propose vascular elastic photoacoustic tomography (VE-PAT) to measure vascular elasticity in humans. VE-PAT was developed by incorporating a linear-array-based photoacoustic computed tomography system with a customized compression stage. By measuring the deformation of blood vessels under uniaxial loading, VE-PAT was able to quantify the vascular compliance. We first demonstrated the feasibility of VE-PAT in blood vessel phantoms. In large vessel phantoms, VE-PAT detected a decrease in vascular compliance due to simulated thrombosis, which was validated by a standard compression test. In small blood vessel phantoms embedded 3 mm deep in gelatin, VE-PAT detected elasticity changes at depths that are difficult to image using other elasticity imaging techniques. We then applied VE-PAT to assess vascular compliance in a human subject and detected a decrease in vascular compliance when an occlusion occurred downstream from the measurement point, demonstrating the potential of VE-PAT in clinical applications such as detection of deep venous thrombosis.

Diagnosis and management of vascular diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fan Xindong; Zheng Lianzhou

2011-01-01

Vascular disorders mainly include hemangiomas and vascular malformations, and constitute some of the most difficult diagnostic and therapeutic enigmas that can be encountered in the clinical practice. The clinical presentations are extremely variable and can range from an asymptomatic birthmark to life-threatening congestive heart failure. Attributing any of these extremely varied symptoms that a patients may present with to a vascular malformation may be a challenge to the most experienced clinical. This problem is compounded by the extreme rarity of these vascular lesions. If a clinician meets such a patient once every few years, it will be extremely difficult for the physicians to gain a steep learning curve. In such circumstances, it is difficult to formulate a standard of diagnosis and treatment for these vascular disorders. This paper aims to make a comprehensive and detailed description of the classification and diagnosis of the vascular disorders, the common used embolization agents, the concepts of interventional diagnosis and management and the therapies of various hemangiomas and vascular malformations. (authors)

Vascular disease in cocaine addiction.

Science.gov (United States)

Bachi, Keren; Mani, Venkatesh; Jeyachandran, Devi; Fayad, Zahi A; Goldstein, Rita Z; Alia-Klein, Nelly

2017-07-01

Cocaine, a powerful vasoconstrictor, induces immune responses including cytokine elevations. Chronic cocaine use is associated with functional brain impairments potentially mediated by vascular pathology. Although the Crack-Cocaine epidemic has declined, its vascular consequences are increasingly becoming evident among individuals with cocaine use disorder of that period, now aging. Paradoxically, during the period when prevention efforts could make a difference, this population receives psychosocial treatment at best. We review major postmortem and in vitro studies documenting cocaine-induced vascular toxicity. PubMed and Academic Search Complete were used with relevant terms. Findings consist of the major mechanisms of cocaine-induced vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, and accelerated atherosclerosis, emphasizing acute, chronic, and secondary effects of cocaine. The etiology underlying cocaine's acute and chronic vascular effects is multifactorial, spanning hypertension, impaired homeostasis and platelet function, thrombosis, thromboembolism, and alterations in blood flow. Early detection of vascular disease in cocaine addiction by multimodality imaging is discussed. Treatment may be similar to indications in patients with traditional risk-factors, with few exceptions such as enhanced supportive care and use of benzodiazepines and phentolamine for sedation, and avoiding β-blockers. Given the vascular toxicity cocaine induces, further compounded by smoking and alcohol comorbidity, and interacting with aging of the crack generation, there is a public health imperative to identify pre-symptomatic markers of vascular impairments in cocaine addiction and employ preventive treatment to reduce silent disease progression. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Marketing no lucrativo: el enfoque social de un programa gubernamental

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carmen Castrejón Mata

2017-12-01

Full Text Available La presente investigación muestra elementos respecto a los cambios manifestados por los beneficiarios de un programa de gobierno2. Se analizaron 7 regiones definidas que integran a los 46 municipios del estado. La investigación fue cualitativa, se identificaron las categorías emergentes, sin embargo se utilizaron instrumentos para obtener solamente datos cuantitativos. Se entrevistaron a los beneficiarios propuestos por los responsables de las zonas, posteriormente se fue utilizando el muestreo en cadena, el objetivo principal en este trabajo es hacer un análisis desde el enfoque del marketing no lucrativo. Se hace un análisis sobre la forma en que este tipo de programas pueden ser utilizados como una herramienta para que ese programa gubernamental sirva como estrategia para crear valor de marca, a través de la percepción de los beneficiarios (consumidores que se encargarán de promover la marca (partido político.

The vascular pattern in the flower of some Mesembryanthemaceae: Aptenia cordifolia and Dorotheanthus bellidiformis. The effect of an ontogenetical shifting on the vascular pattern and vascular conservatism

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Meulen-Bruijns, van der C.

1976-01-01

1. The vascular pattern in the flower at various stages of maturity of Aptenia cordifolia and Dorotheanthus bellidiformis is examined. 2. The vascular pattern of Dorotheanthus has been compared with that of Aptenia: typologically, Dorotheanthus is derived from Aptenia. 3. The vascular pattern of

Bienestar económico regional: un enfoque comparativo entre regiones españolas e italianas

OpenAIRE

Pilar Murias Fernández; Fidel Martínez Roget; Simone Novello

2010-01-01

Este trabajo propone una visión revisada del bienestar económico regional. Trabajos recientes en economía regional han mostrado su desacuerdo con la noción tradicional de bienestar económico que considera únicamente renta per cápita. A través de la comparación de regiones españolas e italianas y usando un enfoque basado en el Análisis Envolvente de Datos, este trabajo sugiere un indicador sintético de bienestar regional basado en las cuatro componentes de Osberg (1985): capacidad de consumo, ...

La definición y medición de la vulnerabilidad social. Un enfoque normativo

OpenAIRE

Naxhelli Ruiz Rivera

2012-01-01

Este artículo discute la pertinencia de un enfoque normativo para definir y medir la vulnerabilidad social a partir de una crítica inicial a la noción de resiliencia. Desde el punto de vista de una epistemología realista, se evalúa la aplicabilidad de la resiliencia en los estudios de vulnerabilidad y se propone una alternativa teórico-metodológica a partir de elementos que se desprenden de la perspectiva normativa del bienestar objetivo. El artículo desarrolla los elementos metodológicos nec...

La narrativa psicopatológica desde el enfoque de la complejidad. The psychopathology narration since the complexity focus.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonardo Yovany Álvarez Ramírez, Psicól*

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En la posmodernidad, el lenguaje y la narrativa se constituyeron en la base de la intervención psicoterapéutica, sin embargo las relaciones entre estos y la manera como los individuos estructuran y definen sus actos, creencias, sentimientos e interacciones se ha hecho desde un enfoque basado en valores de armonía, predicción y perfección propios de las ciencias modernas. El objetivo de este trabajo es señalar cómo la realidad desde la cual los individuos construyen su salud emocional puede entenderse desde estos valores pero también y al mismo tiempo, desde sus contrarios al plantear que su realidad personal y social implica la contradicción, la borrosidad, la impredicción, la incertidumbre (elementos del enfoque de la complejidad. Se utiliza el análisis hermenéutico mediante el cual se concluye que la salud mental basada en la intervención desde lo narrativo implica considerar el comportamiento individual y social como realidad compleja. [Álvarez LY. La narrativa psicopatológica desde el enfoque de la complejidad. MedUNAB 2011; 14:103-107].______________________________________________________________________In postmodern age, the language and the narration have become into the base of the psychotherapeutic intervention, however, the relationships between them and the way, individuals structure and define their behaviors, beliefs, feelings and interactions has been done since a focus based on values of harmony, prediction and perfection, which belong to modern sciences. The objective of this work is positing how the reality since the people builds their emotional health should be understand from another and complementary values like contradiction, blurring, impredictiveness, uncertainty (complexity model components. Hermeneutic is used to the analysis through it is concluded that mental health intervention from a narration intervention implies reckoning the individual´s behavior as a complex reality. [Álvarez LY. The

Accelerated Vascular Aging as a Paradigm for Hypertensive Vascular Disease: Prevention and Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Barton, Matthias; Husmann, Marc; Meyer, Matthias R

2016-05-01

Aging is considered the most important nonmodifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death after age 28 years. Because of demographic changes the world population is expected to increase to 9 billion by the year 2050 and up to 12 billion by 2100, with several-fold increases among those 65 years of age and older. Healthy aging and prevention of aging-related diseases and associated health costs have become part of political agendas of governments around the world. Atherosclerotic vascular burden increases with age; accordingly, patients with progeria (premature aging) syndromes die from myocardial infarctions or stroke as teenagers or young adults. The incidence and prevalence of arterial hypertension also increases with age. Arterial hypertension-like diabetes and chronic renal failure-shares numerous pathologies and underlying mechanisms with the vascular aging process. In this article, we review how arterial hypertension resembles premature vascular aging, including the mechanisms by which arterial hypertension (as well as other risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, or chronic renal failure) accelerates the vascular aging process. We will also address the importance of cardiovascular risk factor control-including antihypertensive therapy-as a powerful intervention to interfere with premature vascular aging to reduce the age-associated prevalence of diseases such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, hypertensive nephropathy, and vascular dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. Finally, we will discuss the implementation of endothelial therapy, which aims at active patient participation to improve primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Percepción del enfoque gerencial y del modelo de acreditación por alta calidad aplicado en universidades colombianas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adriana P. Uribe Urán

2014-06-01

Full Text Available El artículo presenta un análisis del modelo de acreditación por alta calidad de programas universitarios implementado en Colombia y del enfoque gerencial que caracteriza a las universidades a la luz de las perspectivas teóricas analizadas para tal fin. La investigación da cuenta de las percepciones encontradas en un grupo de actores relacionados directamente con el proceso administrativo de universidades colombianas. Se emplea la metodología cualitativa porque permite de manera flexible el análisis e interpretación del tema de estudio y se acude a los métodos fenomenológico y hermenéutico por su validez en el logro de la objetividad y comprensión del fenómeno investigado. Como técnica de recolección de la información se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada a directivos académicos. Los resultados encontrados no son generalizables, simplemente miden percepciones de un grupo de actores y pueden ser un parámetro orientador de una realidad. La percepción encontrada con respecto al enfoque gerencial aplicado en las universidades colombianas, indica que están siendo gestionadas bajo los enfoques tradicionalmente empleados en las empresas de tipo productivo y son basados en la aplicación del proceso administrativo para el logro de la eficiencia y la eficacia. Con respecto al actual modelo de acreditación por alta calidad implementado en universidades se encuentra que este debería ser contextualizado de acuerdo con las condiciones específicas de las universidades sometidas al proceso, porque aunque permite mejoras en el proceso educativo y en las condiciones de prestación del servicio, es poco equitativo y sus resultados no son sostenidos en el tiempo

Cavernomas del neuroeje. Presentación de 4 casos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yandy Prieto Leyras

2013-04-01

Full Text Available Los cavernomas son tumores vasculares benignos con morfología similar a una frambuesa, comúnmente descritas dentro de las llamadas malformaciones crípticas vasculares, patologías neurológicas poco frecuentes. Constituyen un capítulo polémico dentro de las neurociencias, debido a la variabilidad clínico-topográfica de su presentación y su manejo continúa siendo controversial. Se presentan cuatro pacientes con cavernomas del neuroeje y su caracterización desde el punto vista clínico e imagenológico, hasta su desenlace final. La detección precoz, la comprensión, y el mejor manejo de los cavernomas del neuroeje son fruto del avance tecnológico contemporáneo. La revisión histórica del tema muestra la diferencia entre los pocos casos que se lograban diagnosticar clínicamente y/o por radiología convencional, y el mayor número de lesiones que se detectaban en autopsias o durante la cirugía.

Rasgos de sentido de vida del enfoque de resiliencia en personas mayores entre los 65 y 75 años

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Flor Jiménez Segura

2004-01-01

Full Text Available La resiliencia es la capacidad para activar las fortalezas y proteger la integridad personal al enfrentar adversidades, construyendo a partir de éstas. En este estudio se identificaron los ocho rasgos de sentido de vida según el enfoque de resiliencia (Intereses especiales, Metas, Motivación para el logro, Aspiraciones educativas, Optimismo, Persistencia, Fe y Espiritualidad y Sentido de propósito, que han presentado personas adultas mayores de 65 a 75 años durante sus vidas. Los principios teórico-metodológicos utilizados son los del paradigma cualitativo. Se efectuaron entrevistas en profundidad a cuatro mujeres y cuatro hombres que pertenecen al grupo de Envejecimiento Integral de la Universidad de Costa Rica o a la Asociación Gerontológica Costarricense. Aunque la mayoría de las personas adultas mayores participantes en el estudio no identificaron metas claras en la actualidad, durante sus vidas contaron con las condiciones y herramientas personales que contribuyeron con el desarrollo de los rasgos de sentido de vida del enfoque de resiliencia.

Using biplanar fluoroscopy to guide radiopaque vascular injections: a new method for vascular imaging.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haley D O'Brien

Full Text Available Studying vascular anatomy, especially in the context of relationships with hard tissues, is of great interest to biologists. Vascular studies have provided significant insight into physiology, function, phylogenetic relationships, and evolutionary patterns. Injection of resin or latex into the vascular system has been a standard technique for decades. There has been a recent surge in popularity of more modern methods, especially radiopaque latex vascular injection followed by CT scanning and digital "dissection." This technique best displays both blood vessels and bone, and allows injections to be performed on cadaveric specimens. Vascular injection is risky, however, because it is not a standardizable technique, as each specimen is variable with regard to injection pressure and timing. Moreover, it is not possible to view the perfusion of injection medium throughout the vascular system of interest. Both data and rare specimens can therefore be lost due to poor or excessive perfusion. Here, we use biplanar video fluoroscopy as a technique to guide craniovascular radiopaque latex injection. Cadaveric domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus were injected with radiopaque latex under guidance of fluoroscopy. This method was found to enable adjustments, in real-time, to the rate, location, and pressure at which latex is injected in order to avoid data and specimen loss. In addition to visualizing the injection process, this technique can be used to determine flow patterns, and has facilitated the development of consistent markers for complete perfusion.

Engineering the mechanical and biological properties of nanofibrous vascular grafts for in situ vascular tissue engineering.

Science.gov (United States)

Henry, Jeffrey J D; Yu, Jian; Wang, Aijun; Lee, Randall; Fang, Jun; Li, Song

2017-08-17

Synthetic small diameter vascular grafts have a high failure rate, and endothelialization is critical for preventing thrombosis and graft occlusion. A promising approach is in situ tissue engineering, whereby an acellular scaffold is implanted and provides stimulatory cues to guide the in situ remodeling into a functional blood vessel. An ideal scaffold should have sufficient binding sites for biomolecule immobilization and a mechanical property similar to native tissue. Here we developed a novel method to blend low molecular weight (LMW) elastic polymer during electrospinning process to increase conjugation sites and to improve the mechanical property of vascular grafts. LMW elastic polymer improved the elasticity of the scaffolds, and significantly increased the amount of heparin conjugated to the micro/nanofibrous scaffolds, which in turn increased the loading capacity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and prolonged the release of VEGF. Vascular grafts were implanted into the carotid artery of rats to evaluate the in vivo performance. VEGF treatment significantly enhanced endothelium formation and the overall patency of vascular grafts. Heparin coating also increased cell infiltration into the electrospun grafts, thus increasing the production of collagen and elastin within the graft wall. This work demonstrates that LMW elastic polymer blending is an approach to engineer the mechanical and biological property of micro/nanofibrous vascular grafts for in situ vascular tissue engineering.

Improved vascularization of planar membrane diffusion devices following continuous infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Science.gov (United States)

Trivedi, N; Steil, G M; Colton, C K; Bonner-Weir, S; Weir, G C

2000-01-01

Improving blood vessel formation around an immunobarrier device should improve the survival of the encapsulated tissue. In the present study we investigated the formation of new blood vessels around a planar membrane diffusion device (the Baxter Theracyte System) undergoing a continuous infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor through the membranes and into the surrounding tissue. Each device (20 microl) had both an inner immunoisolation membrane and an outer vascularizing membrane. Human recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-165 was infused at 100 ng/day (low dose: n = 6) and 500 ng/day (high dose: n = 7) for 10 days into devices implanted s.c. in Sprague-Dawley rats; noninfused devices transplanted for an identical period were used as controls (n = 5). Two days following the termination of VEGF infusion, devices were loaded with 20 microl of Lispro insulin (1 U/kg) and the kinetics of insulin release from the lumen of the device was assessed. Devices were then explanted and the number of blood vessels (capillary and noncapillary) was quantified using morphometry. High-dose vascular endothelial growth factor infusion resulted in two- to threefold more blood vessels around the device than that obtained with the noninfused devices and devices infused with low-dose vascular endothelial growth factor. This increase in the number of blood vessels was accompanied by a modest increase in insulin diffusion from the device in the high-dose vascular endothelial growth factor infusion group. We conclude that vascular endothelial growth factor can be used to improve blood vessel formation adjacent to planar membrane diffusion devices.

ESTRATEGIAS DIDÁCTICAS BASADAS EN EL ENFOQUE POR COMPETENCIAS EMPLEADAS POR LOS DOCENTES EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE INGENIERÍA CIVIL

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Días Z., E.

2015-06-01

Full Text Available El enfoque basado en competencias durante al acto didáctico, conlleva a tomar en consideración la labor del docente en relación a la planificación de las estrategias que contribuyan al desarrollo educativo. En este sentido, el presente estudio se desarrolló bajo el paradigma cuantitativo y su propósito consistió en determinar si los profesores del programa de ingeniería civil de la Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, reflejaban en sus planificaciones didácticas, estrategias basadas en el enfoque por competencias a fin de ajustar cada programa de las asignaturas bajo el perfil recomendado por la Comisión Central de Currículo. Para recabar esta información se utilizó como instrumento un cuestionario constituido por 23 ítems, aplicado a una muestra de 45 profesores, quienes representaron el 33% de la población objeto de estudio. En los resultados de este estudio se evidencia que los docentes a pesar de haber recibido orientaciones para el rediseño de los programas de las asignaturas que gestionan bajo el enfoque por competencias, presentan deficiencias en el uso de estrategias didácticas basadas en dicho enfoque, que garanticen la formación de un profesional integral, con sensibilidad social y ambiental, tal como se estipula en el nuevo diseño curricular impulsado por la institución. The competency-based approach during teaching, leads to consider the work of teachers in relation to planning strategies that contribute to educational development. In this sense, the present study was developed under the quantitative paradigm and its purpose was to determine whether program faculty of civil engineering at Lisandro Alvarado University, reflected in their teaching plans, strategies based on competence approach to adjust each program subjects to the recommended profile by the Central Commission for Curriculum. To collect this information a questionnaire consisting of 23 items, was applied to a sample of 45 teachers, who

Biomarkers of drug-induced vascular injury

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brott, D.; Gould, S.; Jones, H.; Schofield, J.; Prior, H.; Valentin, J.P; Bjurstrom, S.; Kenne, K.; Schuppe-Koistinen, I.; Katein, A.; Foster-Brown, L.; Betton, G.; Richardson, R.; Evans, G.; Louden, C.

2005-01-01

In pre-clinical safety studies, drug-induced vascular injury is an issue of concern because there are no obvious diagnostic markers for pre-clinical or clinical monitoring and there is an intellectual gap in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this lesion. While vasodilatation and increased shear stress appear to play a role, the exact mechanism(s) of injury to the primary targets, smooth muscle and endothelial cells are unknown. However, evaluation of novel markers for potential clinical monitoring with a mechanistic underpinning would add value in risk assessment and management. This mini review focuses on the progress to identify diagnostic markers of drug-induced vascular injury. Von Willebrand factor (vWF), released upon perturbation of endothelial cells, is transiently increased in plasma prior to morphological evidence of damage in dogs or rats treated with vascular toxicants. Therefore, vWF might be a predictive biomarker of vascular injury. However, vWF is not an appropriate biomarker of lesion progression or severity since levels return to baseline values when there is morphological evidence of injury. A potential mechanistically linked biomarker of vascular injury is caveolin-1. Expression of this protein, localized primarily to smooth muscle and endothelial cells, decreases with the onset of vascular damage. Since vascular injury involves multiple mediators and cell types, evaluation of a panel rather than a single biomarker may be more useful in monitoring early and severe progressive vascular injury

Pediatric interventional radiology: vascular interventions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kandasamy, Devasenathipathy; Gamanagatti, Shivanand; Gupta, Arun Kumar

2016-01-01

Pediatric interventional radiology (PIR) comprises a range of minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are performed using image guidance. PIR has emerged as an essential adjunct to various surgical and medical conditions. Over the years, technology has undergone dramatic and continuous evolution, making this speciality grow. In this review, the authors will discuss various vascular interventional procedures undertaken in pediatric patients. It is challenging for the interventional radiologist to accomplish a successful interventional procedure. There are many vascular interventional radiology procedures which are being performed and have changed the way the diseases are managed. Some of the procedures are life saving and have become the treatment of choice in those patients. The future is indeed bright for the practice and practitioners of pediatric vascular and non-vascular interventions. As more and more of the procedures that are currently being performed in adults get gradually adapted for use in the pediatric population, it may be possible to perform safe and successful interventions in many of the pediatric vascular lesions that are otherwise being referred for surgery. (author)

Angiogenesis, Cancer, and Vascular Aging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Junji Moriya

2017-10-01

Full Text Available Several lines of evidence have revealed that the angiogenic response to ischemic injury declines with age, which might account for the increased morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular disease (CVD among the elderly. While impairment of angiogenesis with aging leads to delayed wound healing or exacerbation of atherosclerotic ischemic diseases, it also inhibits the progression of cancer. Age-related changes of angiogenesis have been considered to at least partly result from vascular aging or endothelial cell senescence. There is considerable evidence supporting the hypothesis that vascular cell senescence contributes to the pathogenesis of age-related CVD, suggesting that vascular aging could be an important therapeutic target. Since therapeutic angiogenesis is now regarded as a promising concept for patients with ischemic CVD, it has become even more important to understand the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying impairment of angiogenesis in older patients. To improve the usefulness of therapeutic angiogenesis, approaches are needed that can compensate for impaired angiogenic capacity in the elderly while not promoting the development or progression of malignancy. In this review, we briefly outline the mechanisms of angiogenesis and vascular aging, followed by a description of how vascular aging leads to impairment of angiogenesis. We also examine potential therapeutic approaches that could enhance angiogenesis and/or vascular function in the elderly, as well as discussing the possibility of anti-senescence therapy or reversal of endothelial cell senescence.

Renal posttransplant's vascular complications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bašić Dragoslav

2003-01-01

Full Text Available INTRODUCTION Despite high graft and recipient survival figures worldwide today, a variety of technical complications can threaten the transplant in the postoperative period. Vascular complications are commonly related to technical problems in establishing vascular continuity or to damage that occurs during donor nephrectomy or preservation [13]. AIM The aim of the presenting study is to evaluate counts and rates of vascular complications after renal transplantation and to compare the outcome by donor type. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 463 kidneys (319 from living related donor LD and 144 from cadaveric donor - CD were transplanted during the period between June 1975 and December 1998 at the Urology & Nephrology Institute of Clinical Centre of Serbia in Belgrade. Average recipients' age was 33.7 years (15-54 in LD group and 39.8 (19-62 in CD group. Retrospectively, we analyzed medical records of all recipients. Statistical analysis is estimated using Hi-squared test and Fischer's test of exact probability. RESULTS Major vascular complications including vascular anastomosis thrombosis, internal iliac artery stenosis, internal iliac artery rupture obliterant vasculitis and external iliac vein rupture were analyzed. In 25 recipients (5.4% some of major vascular complications were detected. Among these cases, 22 of them were from CD group vs. three from LD group. Relative rate of these complications was higher in CD group vs. LD group (p<0.0001. Among these complications dominant one was vascular anastomosis thrombosis which occurred in 18 recipients (17 from CD vs. one from LD. Of these recipients 16 from CD lost the graft, while the rest of two (one from each group had lethal outcome. DISCUSSION Thrombosis of renal allograft vascular anastomosis site is the most severe complication following renal transplantation. In the literature, renal allograft thrombosis is reported with different incidence rates, from 0.5-4% [14, 15, 16]. Data from the

Incidencia de los enfoques de enseñanza tradicional y ludotécnico sobre las variables relacionadas con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la iniciación al atletismo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alfonso Valero Valenzuela

2006-03-01

Full Text Available En este estudio se comparan los efectos del enfoque Tradicional y Ludotécnico sobre las variables feedback, tiempos de organización, información inicial, de compromiso motor y empleado en la tarea en el aprendizaje de las habilidades atléticas. Se ha contado con una muestra de 58 niños de 4º de Educación Primaria, divididos en dos grupos experimentales a quienes se les aplica un tratamiento de 18 sesiones de iniciación al atletismo dentro del horario escolar, basado en el aprendizaje de las disciplinas atléticas (marcha, salto de altura y lanzamiento de peso. De los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, destaca que los sujetos del enfoque Ludotécnico dedican un mayor tiempo de compromiso motor con respecto al enfoque Tradicional, lo que repercute en un incremento del tiempo de práctica de las actividades físicas y en una disminución en el riesgo de problemas de disciplina, perfilándose como un enfoque de iniciación al atletismo mucho más en sintonía con los principios pedagógicos y con las finalidades que persigue la Educación Física en la Educación Primaria.

Un modelo de sistema dinámico híbrido utilizando el enfoque de la lógica difusa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Germán García Benítez

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta un modelo de sistema dinámico híbrido utilizando la lógica difusa. Para lograr esto se hace una breve descripción de los principales enfoques que se tienen en la actualidad de los sistemas dinámicos híbridos desarrollando las ecuaciones básicas de los bloques que conforman el modelo. Actualmente la teoría del control se ha centrado en el estudio por separado de la dinámica continua y la dinámica discreta; sin embargo, es necesario introducir el estudio de la combinación de ambos en un solo tratado. En el ámbito industrial los procesos son dinámicos y toda su estructura de control está basada en la teoría de la lógica digital. Sin embargo existe el paradigma de la lógica difusa, la cual se introduce en este artículo para proponer un nuevo enfoque. Cabe mencionar que para validar el modelo se utilizan herramientas computacionales de simulación de sistemas dinámicos.

Enfoques y Prácticas de Extensión Rural Públicas en el Noreste Argentino ,

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fernando Pablo Landini

2016-03-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los enfoques y prácticas de extensión se han transformado notablemente en las últimas décadas. A la vez, numerosos autores han señalado la persistencia de enfoques difusionistas tanto en las instituciones como en las prácticas de los extensionistas. En esta investigación se analizan las prácticas de extensión implementadas en el noreste argentino, se las compara con propuestas institucionales y académicas actuales y se extraen aprendizajes. Para esto se realizaron 40 entrevistas a extensionistas que trabajan en el ámbito público en las provincias de Chaco, Corrientes, Formosa y Misiones. El estudio muestra que los entrevistados orientan sus prácticas a la mejora productiva y al fortalecimiento de las organizaciones de productores, valoran organizar su trabajo según la demanda y priorizan abordajes grupales. Las tres áreas de acción más mencionadas son la asistencia técnica, la articulación interinstitucional y el trabajo grupal. En términos generales, se observa una práctica consistente con la propuesta del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y con buena parte de los lineamientos de la literatura especializada, aunque existen dudas por el valor real dado al trabajo grupal, la articulación interinstitucional y la participación, y preocupación por la falta de interés en relación a temas como género y evaluación de proyectos.

Enfoques positivos y normativos en las políticas de ciencia y tecnología

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Morera Cuesta, Rafael

2009-08-01

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to show how normative approaches to scientific research and technological development (R&D policies have shaped positive analysis. It presents a general overview of those contributions from decision makers and researchers to the early debates that founded social studies of research and development in mid 40s. Moreover, this article uses the distinction between positive and normative approaches to hold that international organizations, especially OECD, held the leadership in the normative construction of R&D discourses, and that subsequent positive analyses have been conducted in academia following normative guidelines. This applies for both national and international academic circles.Este artículo presenta una visión general de la evolución de los trabajos que estudian las políticas públicas de investigación científica y desarrollo tecnológico (I+D, desde la apertura de este campo a la acción del gobierno en la década de 1940 hasta la actualidad. Tras hacer un repaso descriptivo de cuáles fueron las primeras aportaciones de los decisores públicos y de los académicos a este campo de conocimiento durante su proceso de creación, este trabajo utiliza la distinción entre enfoques positivos y normativos y defiende que el liderazgo normativo ha correspondido a los organismos internacionales, especialmente a la OCDE, y que los enfoques positivos en la literatura académica internacional y en la nacional han evolucionado siguiendo las pautas marcadas por esta institución.

En torno a la fundamentación del enfoque lingüístico en la construcción de las tesis de maestría desde la perspectiva actual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Odalis Lorié González

2017-11-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de las argumentaciones científicas realizadas por los aspirantes en los talleres y defensas de maestrías, en las que se corroboraron algunas insuficiencias, en esta ocasión se hace referencia a imprecisiones en la fundamentación teórica del objeto de la investigación a partir del enfoque didáctico y lingüístico asumido. El propósito, entonces, es ofrecer al aspirante una herramienta de cómo fundamentar el enfoque escogido como sustento de su propuesta investigativa.

En torno a la fundamentación del enfoque lingüístico en la construcción de las tesis de maestría desde la perspectiva actual

OpenAIRE

Odalis Lorié González; Cristina Savón Leyva

2017-01-01

El presente trabajo aborda el análisis de las argumentaciones científicas realizadas por los aspirantes en los talleres y defensas de maestrías, en las que se corroboraron algunas insuficiencias, en esta ocasión se hace referencia a imprecisiones en la fundamentación teórica del objeto de la investigación a partir del enfoque didáctico y lingüístico asumido. El propósito, entonces, es ofrecer al aspirante una herramienta de cómo fundamentar el enfoque escogido como sustento de su propuesta in...

Formación basada en competencias en educación sanitaria: aproximaciones a enfoques y modelos de competencia. [Outcome-based health education: Possible approaches and models of competence

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martinez-Clares, Pilar

2008-11-01

Full Text Available The great changes taking place in society today call into question traditional training, which is focused on the transmission of knowledge and training skills. Some experts suggest that the introduction of a competency-based approach to training has presented it with an avenue for modernization and cooperation with the needs of the organizational environment. The approach of Outcome Based Education is considered one of the most important changes in health education for the twenty-first century. This approach is predominant in higher education institutions around the world and is the method recommended by major governing bodies and evaluators of health education (or, in a narrower sense, medical education. Los grandes cambios que se están produciendo en la sociedad de hoy en día ponen en entredicho la formación tradicional, centrada en la transmisión de conocimientos y en el entrenamiento de ciertas habilidades. Algunos expertos apuntan que la introducción del enfoque de competencias ha significado para la formación una vía para la actualización y el acercamiento a necesidades del ambiente organizacional. El enfoque de Formación basada en Competencias (FBC, en adelante, más conocido en la literatura internacional como Out Come Based Education, es considerado uno de los cambios más importantes en la educación sanitaria para el siglo XXI. Este enfoque, es el enfoque educativo predominante en las instituciones de educación superior del mundo y el que recomiendan los principales organismos rectores y evaluadores de la educación sanitaria (o educación médica en un sentido mas restringido.

Overview of vascular disease

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bisset, G.S. III

1998-01-01

Vascular disease in the pediatric population is a poorly understood process which is often underestimated in its incidence. The common beginnings of such ubiquitous diseases as atherosclerosis manifest themselves at a cellular level shortly after birth. Other common systemic disorders, including congestive heart failure and sepsis, are also intricately associated with dysfunctional vasculature. Progress in the understanding of normal and pathophysiologic processes within the vascular system begins with the 'control center' - the endothelial cell. The purpose of this review is to consolidate a body of knowledge on the processes that occur at the cellular level within the blood vessel wall, and to simplify the understanding of how imbalances in these physiologic parameters result in vascular disease. (orig.)

Diseño de una estrategia de desarrollo responsable y sostenible de productividad estructurada en los soportes categóricos y enfoques productivos

OpenAIRE

Martínez Rojas, Jazmith Adriana; Botero Muzulini, Juan Carlos

2012-01-01

El presente documento, tiene como finalidad presentar una estrategia de desarrollo responsable y sostenible social y ambientalmente, estructurada en cinco ejes categóricos y tres enfoques de la productividad, los cuales son determinados en el recorrido de la investigación.

Small GTP-Binding Protein Rac Is an Essential Mediator of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Endothelial Fenestrations and Vascular Permeability

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Eriksson, A.; Cao, R.; Tritsaris, K.

2003-01-01

fenestrated endothelium, a feature linked with increased vascular permeability. A cell-permeable Rac antagonist (TAT-RacN17) converted VEGF-induced, leaky vascular plexuses into well-defined vascular networks. In addition, this Rac mutant blocked formation of VEGF-induced endothelial fenestrations...... in mediation of VEGF-induced vascular permeability but less so in neovascularization. This may have conceptual implications for applying Rac antagonists in treatment and prevention of VEGF-induced vascular leakage and edema in connection with ischemic disorders....

Un enfoque basado en competencias de sistemas multiagentes para la enseñanza de Inteligencia Artificial

OpenAIRE

Cecchi, Laura; Vaucheret, Claudio A.; Moya, Mario; Kogan, Pablo; Castillo, Rodolfo del; Torres, Guillermo

2009-01-01

En este trabajo se presenta un enfoque basado en competencias de sistemas multiagentes como fundamento de la enseñanza de tópicos avanzados en Inteligencia Artificial. La metodología fue implementada en la materia optativa Robótica Cognitiva con alumnos del 5to. año de la carrera Licenciatura en Ciencias de la Computación, de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue, en un dominio que es conocido y divertido: el fútbol. Los campeonatos que se realizan entre los diferentes equipos permiten que los ...

Una evaluación del enfoque de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF desde la teoría de la contabilidad y el control

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mauricio Gómez V.

2004-12-01

Full Text Available El proceso de regulación contable internacional para las organizaciones empresariales ha sido orientado desde un enfoque que debe ser evaluado a la luz de la teoría de la contabilidad y el control. Varios de los criterios adoptados en dicha regulación permiten la instrumentación de objetivos y funciones para la información financiera en los mercados, que alejan a la contabilidad financiera de fines subsecuentes e indispensables en las organizacionales, como la productividad. Esto es problemático debido a que la contabilidad financiera es la base estructural de la racionalidad técnico-instrumental de la empresa y es la columna vertebral de los demás sistemas de contabilidad y control, como los costos y los presupuestos. Por tal razón, los procesos y lógicas de control que viabilizan el sistema contable financiero son desplazados del enfoque regulador, lo que implica la adopción de una débil concepción y estructura de gobierno corporativo. En este documento se abordan tales cuestiones, con el fin de contrastar, desde las bases conceptuales del subsistema de contabilidad financiera, las fortalezas y debilidades del enfoque regulador internacional.

Complicação vascular de osteocondroma: relato de caso Vascular complication of osteochondroma: case report

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio André Tornquist

2007-03-01

Full Text Available Osteocondromas ou exostoses são os tumores benignos mais comuns do tecido ósseo. Eles surgem durante o período de crescimento e, raramente, são responsáveis por complicações vasculares. No presente relato, reportamos um caso de paciente com osteocondroma no membro inferior e complicação vascular provocada pela compressão da artéria poplítea. O paciente apresentava queixas de dor em membro inferior direito quando foi investigado com angiografia e radiografia, que identificaram a lesão vascular e a tumoração óssea. Os tratamentos cirúrgicos simultâneos de ambas as lesões foram realizados com boa evolução pós-operatória.Osteochondromas or exostoses are the most common benign tumors of the bone. They occur during the growth period and are rarely responsible for vascular complications. We report a case of a patient with osteochondroma in the lower limb and vascular complication caused by compression of the popliteal artery. The patient complained of pain at the right lower limb during angiography and radiography screening, which identified the vascular lesion and the bone tumor. A simultaneous surgical treatment of both lesions was performed with good postoperative evolution.

La perspectiva ética de la evaluación de los aprendizajes desde un enfoque constructivista

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Segura Castillo, Mario

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: El presente ensayo tiene como finalidad abordar los puntos fundamentales de la evaluación de los aprendizajes desde un enfoque constructivista. Asimismo, ésta se puede utilizar como una herramienta ética para reflexionar sobre el uso que le ha dado el Ministerio de Educación Pública de Costa Rica (MEP a la evaluación de los aprendizajes.En este orden de ideas, se considera al diálogo como la herramienta fundamental de la ética para que la evaluación de los aprendizajes se lleve a cabo desde un enfoque constructivista. Es importante que en la evaluación de los aprendizajes los docentes no se separen de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje de los estudiantes, para lo cual deberán tomar en cuenta las decisiones pedagógicas para promover que la enseñanza atienda la diversidad de los estudiantes y promueva el aprendizaje con sentido y valor funcional. Para ello se requiere de procesos metacognitivos como parte de la mediación pedagógica de los docentes, es decir, convertir el salón de clase en un espacio democrático, colaborativo y autoevaluativo.La evaluación de los aprendizajes desde un enfoque constructivista se conceptualiza en el presente ensayo, como un proceso de diálogo, reflexión y mejora constante de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, de la población estudiantil que permite la toma de decisiones, la realimentación y la emisión de juicios de valor en condiciones auténticas dentro y fuera del salón de clase.Se propone desde la evaluación de los aprendizajes, con un enfoque constructivista, un reconocimiento de un nuevo concepto de credibilidad que tome en cuenta las consecuencias sociales y éticas del personal docente cuando lleva a la práctica la evaluación de los aprendizajes.Abstract: This essay has the purpose to study the main points in learning assessment from a constructionist view. Also, this view can be used as an ethical device to reflex upon the use that the Ministry or Education of

Vascular retraction driven by matrix softening

Science.gov (United States)

Valentine, Megan

We recently discovered we can directly apply physical forces and monitor the downstream responses in a living organism in real time through manipulation of the blood vessels of a marine organism called, Botryllus schlosseri. The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a key role in regulating vascular growth and homeostasis in Botryllus,a basal chordate which has a large, transparent extracorporeal vascular network that can encompass areas >100 cm2. We have determined that lysyl oxidase 1 (LOX1), which is responsible for cross-linking collagen, is expressed in all vascular cells and is critically important for vascular maintenance. Inhibition of LOX1 activity in vivo by the addition of a specific inhibitor, ß-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), caused a rapid, global regression of the entire vascular bed, with some vessels regressing >10 mm within 16 hrs. In this talk, I will discuss the molecular and cellular origins of this systemic remodeling event, which hinges upon the ability of the vascular cells to sense and respond to mechanical signals, while introducing this exciting new model system for studies of biological physics and mechanobiology. Collaborators: Anthony DeTomaso, Delany Rodriguez, Aimal Khankhel (UCSB).

Effects of ouabain on vascular reactivity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vassallo D.V.

1997-04-01

Full Text Available Ouabain is an endogenous substance occurring in the plasma in the nanomolar range, that has been proposed to increase vascular resistance and induce hypertension. This substance acts on the a-subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase inhibiting the Na+-pump activity. In the vascular smooth muscle this effect leads to intracellular Na+ accumulation that reduces the activity of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and to an increased vascular tone. It was also suggested that circulating ouabain, even in the nanomolar range, sensitizes the vascular smooth muscle to vasopressor substances. We tested the latter hypothesis by studying the effects of ouabain in the micromolar and nanomolar range on phenylephrine (PE-evoked pressor responses. The experiments were performed in normotensive and hypertensive rats in vivo, under anesthesia, and in perfused rat tail vascular beds. The results showed that ouabain pretreatment increased the vasopressor responses to PE in vitro and in vivo. This sensitization after ouabain treatment was also observed in hypertensive animals which presented an enhanced vasopressor response to PE in comparison to normotensive animals. It is suggested that ouabain at nanomolar concentrations can sensitize vascular smooth muscle to vasopressor stimuli possibly contributing to increased tone in hypertension

Vascular Response of the Segments Adjacent to the Proximal and Distal Edges of the ABSORB Everolimus-Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Gogas, Bill D; Serruys, Patrick W; Diletti, Roberto

2012-01-01

This study sought to investigate in vivo the vascular response at the proximal and distal edges of the second-generation ABSORB everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS).......This study sought to investigate in vivo the vascular response at the proximal and distal edges of the second-generation ABSORB everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS)....

TRANSFORMACIÓN DE ESQUEMAS RELACIONALES ORIENTADOS A OBJETOS: UN ENFOQUE BASADO EN EL OBJETO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Roberto Sepúlveda Lima

2007-05-01

Full Text Available

Las innovaciones en la industria de las bases de datos son permanentes. Entre las más recientes , se tienen las bases de datos distribuidas, el paradigma orientado a objetos (OO, y la tecnología XML*. Todas tienen un objetivo común, mejorar la calidad de los servicios. Por otro lado se observa que la inmensa mayoría de los sistemas de bases de datos (BD actuales tienen una estructura relacional y aún siguen almacenando voluminosas informaciones de sumo valor para las organizaciones. La transformación de los esquemas de bases de datos permanecen siendo un campo de investigación de primordial importancia, ya que se observan numerosas aplicaciones sometidas hoy en día a procesos de reingeniería. Aunque la industria de software ya ofrece algunas herramientas para automatizar este proceso, aún queda mucho por hacer. Y en este contexto, la comprensión del formalismo matemático y de la orientación de los enfoques propuestos no solo podría permitir una mejor comprensión de estos, sino también apoyar a la realización de trabajos futuros en este campo. El presente artículo describe un enfoque de transformación basado en el objeto y en cómo refinarlo mediante traducción de consultas SQL en código C++.

La categoría actividad. Un enfoque relacionado con la atención primaria

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Patricia M Herrera Santí

2000-01-01

Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de la categoría actividad, cuya relevante importancia hace que se le considere como una de las principales dentro de la ciencia psicológica. Esta categoría, que ha sido estudiada desde diferentes enfoques (psicológicos, filosóficos y sociológicos, la abordamos en este trabajo con una óptica práctica, vinculándola directamente a la salud y a la atención primaria. En nuestro enfoque vinculamos la actividad, los elementos esenciales que la componen, y sus formas de manifestarse, con el modo de vida del hombre, el cual tiene una estrecha relación con el nivel de salud; así como también la relacionamos con la intervención comunitaria, sirviéndonos de ella como guía para orientar nuestro trabajo en la prevención de enfermedades y la promoción de salud.In the present work an analysis of the category activity is carried out, a category whose great importance makes it to be considered as one of the key categories within psychological science. This category which has been studied with different approaches (psycologic, philosofic and sociologic, is viewed in this work from a practical perspective, being linked directly to health condition and primary care. In our approach we relate the activity, its essential components, and its forms of manifestation to the life style of man, which is very closely related to health condition, as well as to the role played by the community, using this aspect as directing element for our work in disease prevention and health promotion.

Enfoques contemporáneos de política social en México

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mónica Uribe Gómez

2011-01-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se discuten los significados y alcances de conceptos como Estado de bienestar (en adelante EB, régimen de bienestar, sistemas de protección social, manejo social del riesgo, y universalismo básico. Se argumenta que las tendencias de la política social, más allá de responder a programas de gobierno o a intereses puramente técnicos, están relacionadas con los tipos de arreglos existentes en cada sociedad para proveer el bienestar y con los procesos políticos de cada contexto. La pretensión no es enfocarse en el análisis de acciones específicas o en el impacto de las transformaciones, sino en las implicaciones que conlleva asumir un enfoque particular en el campo de las políticas sociales.

ENFOQUE DIDÁCTICO DE LA COMUNICACIÓN EN LAS CIENCIAS MÉDICAS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ligia Magdalena Sales Garrido

2015-12-01

Full Text Available El artículo trata la fundamentación didáctica de la comunicación en las carreras de ciencias médicas; para ello se hace referencia, sucintamente, a elementos teóricos y metodológicos sobre: el enfoque en que se sustenta, el término comunicación desde una concepción semiótica, la competencia comunicativa y, particularmente, las necesidades de los estudiantes de estas carreras en la interacción con los pacientes. También se tratan características de los textos, coloquial, profesional científico y su necesaria interrelación en la comunicación con el enfermo, así como se ejemplifican algunos procedimientos didácticos a seguir para la preparación de los estudiantes en este sentido.

CIRSE Vascular Closure Device Registry

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Reekers, Jim A.; Müller-Hülsbeck, Stefan; Libicher, Martin; Atar, Eli; Trentmann, Jens; Goffette, Pierre; Borggrefe, Jan; Zeleňák, Kamil; Hooijboer, Pieter; Belli, Anna-Maria

2011-01-01

Vascular closure devices are routinely used after many vascular interventional radiology procedures. However, there have been no major multicenter studies to assess the safety and effectiveness of the routine use of closure devices in interventional radiology. The CIRSE registry of closure devices

The vascular secret of Klotho

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lewin, Ewa; Olgaard, Klaus

2015-01-01

Klotho is an evolutionarily highly conserved protein related to longevity. Increasing evidence of a vascular protecting effect of the Klotho protein has emerged and might be important for future treatments of uremic vascular calcification. It is still disputed whether Klotho is locally expressed ...

Enfoque desde la ciencia post-normal de la epizootia fiebre aftosa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Schütz Gabriel Eduardo

2003-01-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo pretende analizar la epizootia de fiebre aftosa del invierno británico de 2001 desde el enfoque de la ciencia post-normal. Serán analizadas las participaciones de los diferentes actores sociales y las interacciones de las categorías: confianza, gobernanza, incertidumbre, valores e intereses. Todos estos factores formaron parte de una crisis que, por un lado, conjugó los intereses políticos de un gobierno en campaña electoral junto con los intereses económicos de un estado miembro de la Unión Europea y por el otro, los intereses de la población afectada junto con todos aquellos problemas relacionados con la salud y el medio ambiente. Las medidas tomadas para detener esta enfermedad 'económica' se transformaron en un verdadero experimento heterogéneo a gran escala social, un fenómeno típico de la modernidad que exige nuevas formas de abordar la ciencia y los procesos decisorios.

ACUICULTURA DE PARGO LA MANCHA LUTJANUS GUTTATUS (STEINDACHNER, 1869 EN COSTA RICA DENTRO DE UN ENFOQUE ECOSISTÉMICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angel Herrera-Ulloa

2011-07-01

Full Text Available La sobreexplotación pesquera y la búsqueda de alternativas ante la pobreza crónica han llevado a explorar el campo de la maricultura por medio de un enfoque ecosistémico se abrieron dos procesos paralelos: una estrategia e; investigación en laboratorio para el levantamiento larval de peces marinos tropicales y una estrategia de comanejo para desarrollar el cultivo de peces marinos tropicales. El pargo la mancha muestra gran potencial de producción de larvas y posterior cultivo en el mar. No mostró respuestas positivas a la inducción por medio de hormonas, el desarrollo de un ambiente adecuado para su reproducción espontánea, permitió tener desoves frecuentes y de calidad. La fase de levantamiento larval mostró contratiempos por el tamaño reducido de las larvas de pargo la mancha el manejo en tanques apropiados y el uso de enriquecedores permitieran mejorar los procesos y llegar a incrementar la producción de alevines. El enfoque ecosistémico permitió abrir los espacios necesarios que permitieron la operación de un proyecto piloto. La granja se creó con un enfoque productivo, pero también para turismo rural. Overfishing and the search for alternatives to it, led us to the explore mariculture as an option using an ecosystem-based approach through two parallel processes: an in-laboratory research strategy for larval rearing of tropical marine fish, and a strategy of co-management to develop tropical marine fish aquaculture. The spotted rose snapper shows great potential for larvae production and cage culture. This species showed no responses to hormone induction; however, the set up of a suitable environment allowed frequent, high-quality spontaneous spawnings. The larval rearing phase presented problems due to the small size of the larvae; although, management in appropriate tanks and the use of enrichments improved the processes, increasing the production of juveniles. This ecosystem approach allowed the operation of a

Vascular Gene Expression: A Hypothesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Angélica Concepción eMartínez-Navarro

2013-07-01

Full Text Available The phloem is the conduit through which photoassimilates are distributed from autotrophic to heterotrophic tissues and is involved in the distribution of signaling molecules that coordinate plant growth and responses to the environment. Phloem function depends on the coordinate expression of a large array of genes. We have previously identified conserved motifs in upstream regions of the Arabidopsis genes, encoding the homologs of pumpkin phloem sap mRNAs, displaying expression in vascular tissues. This tissue-specific expression in Arabidopsis is predicted by the overrepresentation of GA/CT-rich motifs in gene promoters. In this work we have searched for common motifs in upstream regions of the homologous genes from plants considered to possess a primitive vascular tissue (a lycophyte, as well as from others that lack a true vascular tissue (a bryophyte, and finally from chlorophytes. Both lycophyte and bryophyte display motifs similar to those found in Arabidopsis with a significantly low E-value, while the chlorophytes showed either a different conserved motif or no conserved motif at all. These results suggest that these same genes are expressed coordinately in non- vascular plants; this coordinate expression may have been one of the prerequisites for the development of conducting tissues in plants. We have also analyzed the phylogeny of conserved proteins that may be involved in phloem function and development. The presence of CmPP16, APL, FT and YDA in chlorophytes suggests the recruitment of ancient regulatory networks for the development of the vascular tissue during evolution while OPS is a novel protein specific to vascular plants.

Inter-arm systolic blood pressure differences, relations with future vascular events and mortality in patients with and without manifest vascular disease.

Science.gov (United States)

Kranenburg, Guido; Spiering, Wilko; de Jong, Pim A; Kappelle, L Jaap; de Borst, Gert Jan; Cramer, Maarten J; Visseren, Frank L J; Aboyans, Victor; Westerink, Jan

2017-10-01

Inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (SBPD) is an easily obtained patient characteristic which relates to vascular disease. We aimed to identify determinants of large inter-arm SBPD and to investigate the relation between inter-arm SBPD and vascular events in patients with and without manifest vascular disease. In a cohort of 7344 patients with manifest vascular disease or vascular risk factors alone enrolled in the Second Manifestations of ARTerial disease (SMART) study, single bilateral non-simultaneous blood pressure measurements were performed. Logistic and Cox regression was used to identify determinants of large inter-arm SBPD (≥15mmHg) and to investigate the relation between inter-arm SBPD and vascular events (composite of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular mortality) and all-cause mortality. In all patients the median inter-arm SBPD was 7mmHg (IQR 3-11) and 1182 (16%) patients had inter-arm SBPD ≥15mmHg. Higher age, higher systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, peripheral artery disease, carotid artery stenosis, higher carotid intima-media thickness, and lower ankle-brachial indices were related to large inter-arm SBPD (≥15mmHg). Each 5mmHg increase in inter-arm SBPD was related to a 12% higher risk of vascular events in patients without manifest vascular disease (HR 1.12; 95% CI 1.00-1.27), whereas no relation was apparent in patients with manifest vascular disease (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.93-1.04, interaction p-value 0.036). Inter-arm SBPD was not related to all-cause mortality (HR 1.05; 95% CI 0.93-1.19). Inter-arm SBPD relates to a higher risk of vascular events in patients without manifest vascular disease, whereas this relation is not apparent in patients with manifest vascular disease. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Adiposity, adipocytokines & microvesicles in the etiology of vascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kanhai, D.A.N.I.S.

2013-01-01

Vascular disease, in this thesis the terms vascular and cardiovascular are used interchangeably, is the number 1 cause of death worldwide. In 2008, 30% of all mortality had a vascular origin. Vascular mortality rates after a first manifestation of vascular disease are decreasing in Western society,

Extracellular Matrix Molecules Facilitating Vascular Biointegration

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martin K.C. Ng

2012-08-01

Full Text Available All vascular implants, including stents, heart valves and graft materials exhibit suboptimal biocompatibility that significantly reduces their clinical efficacy. A range of biomolecules in the subendothelial space have been shown to play critical roles in local regulation of thrombosis, endothelial growth and smooth muscle cell proliferation, making these attractive candidates for modulation of vascular device biointegration. However, classically used biomaterial coatings, such as fibronectin and laminin, modulate only one of these components; enhancing endothelial cell attachment, but also activating platelets and triggering thrombosis. This review examines a subset of extracellular matrix molecules that have demonstrated multi-faceted vascular compatibility and accordingly are promising candidates to improve the biointegration of vascular biomaterials.

Dynamic adaption of vascular morphology

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Okkels, Fridolin; Jacobsen, Jens Christian Brings

2012-01-01

The structure of vascular networks adapts continuously to meet changes in demand of the surrounding tissue. Most of the known vascular adaptation mechanisms are based on local reactions to local stimuli such as pressure and flow, which in turn reflects influence from the surrounding tissue. Here ...

Dynamics of nephron-vascular network

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Postnov, Dmitry; Postnov, D E; Marsh, D J

2012-01-01

The paper presents a modeling study of the spatial dynamics of a nephro-vascular network consisting of individual nephrons connected via a tree-like vascular branching structure. We focus on the effects of nonlinear mechanisms that are responsible for the formation of synchronous patterns in order...

Diagnostic criteria for vascular dementia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Scheltens, P.; Hijdra, A. H.

1998-01-01

The term vascular dementia implies the presence of a clinical syndrome (dementia) caused by, or at least assumed to be caused by, a specific disorder (cerebrovascular disease). In this review, the various sets of criteria used to define vascular dementia are outlined. The various sets of criteria

3D bioprinting for vascularized tissue fabrication

Science.gov (United States)

Richards, Dylan; Jia, Jia; Yost, Michael; Markwald, Roger; Mei, Ying

2016-01-01

3D bioprinting holds remarkable promise for rapid fabrication of 3D tissue engineering constructs. Given its scalability, reproducibility, and precise multi-dimensional control that traditional fabrication methods do not provide, 3D bioprinting provides a powerful means to address one of the major challenges in tissue engineering: vascularization. Moderate success of current tissue engineering strategies have been attributed to the current inability to fabricate thick tissue engineering constructs that contain endogenous, engineered vasculature or nutrient channels that can integrate with the host tissue. Successful fabrication of a vascularized tissue construct requires synergy between high throughput, high-resolution bioprinting of larger perfusable channels and instructive bioink that promotes angiogenic sprouting and neovascularization. This review aims to cover the recent progress in the field of 3D bioprinting of vascularized tissues. It will cover the methods of bioprinting vascularized constructs, bioink for vascularization, and perspectives on recent innovations in 3D printing and biomaterials for the next generation of 3D bioprinting for vascularized tissue fabrication. PMID:27230253

Diabetes and Retinal Vascular Dysfunction

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eui Seok Shin

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Diabetes predominantly affects the microvascular circulation of the retina resulting in a range of structural changes unique to this tissue. These changes ultimately lead to altered permeability, hyperproliferation of endothelial cells and edema, and abnormal vascularization of the retina with resulting loss of vision. Enhanced production of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress are primary insults with significant contribution to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR. We have determined the identity of the retinal vascular cells affected by hyperglycemia, and have delineated the cell autonomous impact of high glucose on function of these cells. We discuss some of the high glucose specific changes in retinal vascular cells and their contribution to retinal vascular dysfunction. This knowledge provides novel insight into the molecular and cellular defects contributing to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, and will aid in the development of innovative, as well as target specific therapeutic approaches for prevention and treatment of DR.

Image Quality in Vascular Radiology

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Vanhavere, F.; Struelens, L.

2005-01-01

In vascular radiology, the radiologists use the radiological image to diagnose or treat a specific vascular structure. From literature, we know that related doses are high and that large dose variability exists between different hospitals. The application of the optimization principle is therefore necessary and is obliged by the new legislation. So far, very little fieldwork has been performed and no practical instructions are available to do the necessary work. It's indisputable that obtaining quantitative data is of great interest for optimization purposes. In order to gain insight into these doses and the possible measures for dose reduction, we performed a comparative study in 7 hospitals. Patient doses will be measured and calculated for specific procedures in vascular radiology and evaluated against their most influencing parameters. In view of optimization purposes, a protocol for dose audit will be set-up. From the results and conclusions in this study, experimentally based guidelines will be proposed, in order to improve clinical practice in vascular radiology

Características del Self en Pacientes con Trastorno Obsesivo compulsivo: una aproximación desde Enfoque Integrativo Supraparadigmatico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Texia Bejer Tajmuch

2015-07-01

Full Text Available En la presente investigación, se intenta comprender el trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC más allá de los síntomas, como una forma de planear estrategias de intervención diferentes y que ayuden a aliviar el sufrimiento de los pacientes. Este trastorno presentaría una prevalencia aproximada entre un 1.5% y un 3% con variaciones en diferentes ciudades, por lo que es alta la presencia de él, sin embargo, la consulta por éste es baja, ya que el trastorno en sí conlleva vergüenza y miedo, afectando así a la persona en su identidad, en como el sujeto se aproxima al mundo, como desea que la vida sea para él. Se toma el marco referencial del Enfoque Integrativo Suprapradigmático, especialmente las funciones del Self propuestas por éste enfoque. La investigación es descriptiva y pretende caracterizar las funciones del Self de pacientes con TOC, la muestra es de 18 pacientes de un centro de atención psicológica de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile y que responden la Ficha de Evaluación Clínica Integral (FECI.

Psicología de la Educación. Enfoque Centrado en la Persona. aprendizaje significativo.

OpenAIRE

Benjamim da Silva Amorim

2016-01-01

El objetivo de este trabajo es verificar cómo el Enfoque Centrado en la Persona puede contribuir a la Psicopedagogía. La Psicopedagogía es un nuevo campo científico y aún busca una teoría para apoyar su práctica. Desarrollado a partir de muchas otras áreas del conocimiento, tiene su base principal en Pedagogía y Psicología, y lo más objetiva para entender la construcción del conocimiento con todos los factores que influyen en ella, lo que facilita el aprendizaje y la identificación de lo que ...

Progenitor cells in pulmonary vascular remodeling

Science.gov (United States)

Yeager, Michael E.; Frid, Maria G.; Stenmark, Kurt R.

2011-01-01

Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by cellular and structural changes in the walls of pulmonary arteries. Intimal thickening and fibrosis, medial hypertrophy and fibroproliferative changes in the adventitia are commonly observed, as is the extension of smooth muscle into the previously non-muscularized vessels. A majority of these changes are associated with the enhanced presence of α-SM-actin+ cells and inflammatory cells. Atypical abundances of functionally distinct endothelial cells, particularly in the intima (plexiform lesions), and also in the perivascular regions, are also described. At present, neither the origin(s) of these cells nor the molecular mechanisms responsible for their accumulation, in any of the three compartments of the vessel wall, have been fully elucidated. The possibility that they arise from either resident vascular progenitors or bone marrow–derived progenitor cells is now well established. Resident vascular progenitor cells have been demonstrated to exist within the vessel wall, and in response to certain stimuli, to expand and express myofibroblastic, endothelial or even hematopoietic markers. Bone marrow–derived or circulating progenitor cells have also been shown to be recruited to sites of vascular injury and to assume both endothelial and SM-like phenotypes. Here, we review the data supporting the contributory role of vascular progenitors (including endothelial progenitor cells, smooth muscle progenitor cells, pericytes, and fibrocytes) in vascular remodeling. A more complete understanding of the processes by which progenitor cells modulate pulmonary vascular remodeling will undoubtedly herald a renaissance of therapies extending beyond the control of vascular tonicity and reduction of pulmonary artery pressure. PMID:22034593

Congenital vascular malformations in scintigraphic evaluation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pilecki, Stanisław; Gierach, Marcin; Gierach, Joanna; Świętaszczyk, Cyprian; Junik, Roman; Lasek, Władysław

2014-01-01

Congenital vascular malformations are tumour-like, non-neoplastic lesions caused by disorders of vascular tissue morphogenesis. They are characterised by a normal cell replacement cycle throughout all growth phases and do not undergo spontaneous involution. Here we present a scintigraphic image of familial congenital vascular malformations in two sisters. A 17-years-old young woman with a history of multiple hospitalisations for foci of vascular anomalies appearing progressively in the upper and lower right limbs, chest wall and spleen. A Parkes Weber syndrome was diagnosed based on the clinical picture. Due to the occurrence of new foci of malformations, a whole-body scintigraphic examination was performed. A 12-years-old girl reported a lump in the right lower limb present for approximately 2 years, which was clinically identified as a vascular lesion in the area of calcaneus and talus. Phleboscintigraphy visualized normal radiomarker outflow from the feet via the deep venous system, also observed in the superficial venous system once the tourniquets were released. In static and whole-body examinations vascular malformations were visualised in the area of the medial cuneiform, navicular and talus bones of the left foot, as well as in the projection of right calcaneus and above the right talocrural joint. People with undiagnosed disorders related to the presence of vascular malformations should undergo periodic follow-up to identify lesions that may be the cause of potentially serious complications and to assess the results of treatment. Presented scintigraphic methods may be used for both diagnosing and monitoring of disease progression

Vascular associated gene variants in patients with preeclampsia

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Lykke, Jacob A; Bare, Lance A; Olsen, Jørn

2012-01-01

Preeclampsia has been linked to subsequent vascular disease with many shared predisposing factors. We investigated the association between severe preeclampsia, and its subtypes, and specific vascular-related polymorphisms.......Preeclampsia has been linked to subsequent vascular disease with many shared predisposing factors. We investigated the association between severe preeclampsia, and its subtypes, and specific vascular-related polymorphisms....

La intervención del pediatra en el niño con labio y paladar hendido

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esther Lombardo-Aburto

2017-06-01

Full Text Available Las malformaciones congénitas son defectos estructurales presentes en el nacimiento. Las fisuras labio-alvéolo palatinas tienen una alta incidencia que se presenta en uno de cada 750 recién nacidos vivos, por lo que están entre las malformaciones más frecuentes y mejor conocidas. El labio y paladar hendido son anomalías que comúnmente están asociadas y constituyen las malformaciones congénitas más frecuentes de la cabeza y el cuello. Se define como labio leporino o hendido, fisura labial o queilosquisis al defecto facial que involucra el cierre incompleto del labio, unilateral, bilateral o medial, generalmente lateral a la línea media. Se define como paladar hendido, palatosquisis, o fisura palatina al defecto palatino en la línea media que comunica con fosas nasales y cavidad oral.

Protein Kinase C Inhibitors as Modulators of Vascular Function and Their Application in Vascular Disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raouf A. Khalil

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Blood pressure (BP is regulated by multiple neuronal, hormonal, renal and vascular control mechanisms. Changes in signaling mechanisms in the endothelium, vascular smooth muscle (VSM and extracellular matrix cause alterations in vascular tone and blood vessel remodeling and may lead to persistent increases in vascular resistance and hypertension (HTN. In VSM, activation of surface receptors by vasoconstrictor stimuli causes an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i, which forms a complex with calmodulin, activates myosin light chain (MLC kinase and leads to MLC phosphorylation, actin-myosin interaction and VSM contraction. Vasoconstrictor agonists could also increase the production of diacylglycerol which activates protein kinase C (PKC. PKC is a family of Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent isozymes that have different distributions in various blood vessels, and undergo translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, cytoskeleton or the nucleus during cell activation. In VSM, PKC translocation to the cell surface may trigger a cascade of biochemical events leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK and MAPK kinase (MEK, a pathway that ultimately increases the myofilament force sensitivity to [Ca2+]i, and enhances actin-myosin interaction and VSM contraction. PKC translocation to the nucleus may induce transactivation of various genes and promote VSM growth and proliferation. PKC could also affect endothelium-derived relaxing and contracting factors as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs in the extracellular matrix further affecting vascular reactivity and remodeling. In addition to vasoactive factors, reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and other metabolic factors could affect PKC activity. Increased PKC expression and activity have been observed in vascular disease and in certain forms of experimental and human HTN. Targeting of vascular PKC using PKC inhibitors may function in

Enfoques metodológicos de la planificación urbana y del transporte. 1980–1999

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luz Alicia Cárdenas Jirón

2005-07-01

Full Text Available En los últimos veinte años, las metodologías empleadas en la planificación urbana y del transporte han presentado una evolución que amerita una revisión pues ha influido en la forma de hacer planificación espacial.2 En efecto, las metodologías que figuran en el último cuarto de siglo tienen raíces epistemológicas distintas según sean los enfoques disciplinares, las tecnologías y las necesidades de responder a los problemas detectados en las ciudades modernas.

Responsabilidad social desde el enfoque de la gestión pública en el sector universitario

OpenAIRE

Jesús Salom; Cira de Pelekais; María Guadalupe Núñez

2011-01-01

El propósito de esta investigación fue desarrollar una serie de lineamientos estratégicos para el fortalecimiento de la responsabilidad social desde el enfoque de la gestión pública en el sector universitario. El estudio se ubicó como analítico- descriptivo y de campo, con un diseño no experimental y transeccional. La población estuvo conformada por 5 Decanos y 34 Directores de Escuelas en el sector universitario. Se utilizó la técnica de observación por encuesta, y como instrumento, el cuest...

Más allá de los enfoques: tendencias en Psicología Clínica que trascienden las barreras teóricas.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicolás Rodríguez Sarmiento

2018-03-01

enfoque se han intentado desdibujar casi tan pronto como aparecieron. Por lo anterior, supone un desacierto formar a los estudiantes en la mutua exclusión de los enfoques teóricos (a saber: psicodinámico, conductual, cognitivo, cognitivo-conductual, humanista/existencial, sistémico, etc.. Se brinda una introducción acerca del ‘problema de los enfoques’ y algunas consideraciones acerca de la amenaza de la pseudociencia, para luego realizar una revisión de algunas tendencias que, en el marco de la ciencia, trascienden las barreras teóricas en las que muchas veces son formados los estudiantes de psicología. Se revisan los conceptos de lo transteórico, lo transdiagnóstico, los tratamientos y la práctica basados en la evidencia (EBTs y EBP y algunos modelos y técnicas que cumplen con éstas características. También se trata brevemente la aplicación de las teorías de la complejidad y de la epistemología compleja a la psicología clínica.

Programa de formación en valores dirigidos al sistema parejas: una propuesta desde el Enfoque Gestalt

OpenAIRE

Sequera Cabeza, Nuvia

2015-01-01

Resumen del Proyecto de Tesis Doctoral: PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN EN VALORES DIRIGIDO AL SISTEMA PAREJA: UNA PROPUESTA DESDE EL ENFOQUE GESTALT Presentado por Nuvia Sequera Cabeza Dirigido por Ana D’Ocon Giménez 1. Introducción: El estudio conceptual de los valores se justifica desde la dimensión formativa o instructiva de la persona, aunque no sea ésta su finalidad más valiosa. Lo sería la plasmación de valores respetuosos con la humanidad y el entorno en la conducta cotidia...

Reciprocidad y convergencia de los enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo: Una experiencia de investigación en salud

OpenAIRE

Alexis Romero Salazar

1997-01-01

En este ensayo se comentan los cambios ocurridos en el paradigma clásico de la ciencia -de orientacion cuantitativa- y se presentan algunas ideas en relación con sus implicaciones para la investigación social. Al respecto, se discuten los señalamientos en torno a la insuficiencia de aquel y se expone una estrategia metodológica en la que convergen los enfoques cuantitativo y cualitativo. El estudio de la representación social brinda tal posibilidad, en virtud de la naturaleza de sus elementos...

Insulin resistance: vascular function and exercise

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Moon-Hyon Hwang

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Insulin resistance associated with metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an epidemic metabolic disorder, which increases the risk of cardiovascular complications. Impaired vascular endothelial function is an early marker for atherosclerosis, which causes cardiovascular complications. Both experimental and clinical studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction in vasculatures occurs with insulin resistance. The associated physiological mechanisms are not fully appreciated yet, however, it seems that augmented oxidative stress, a physiological imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, in vascular cells is a possible mechanism involved in various vascular beds with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Regardless of the inclusion of resistance exercise, aerobic exercise seems to be beneficial for vascular endothelial function in both large conduit and small resistance vessels in both clinical and experimental studies with insulin resistance. In clinical cases, aerobic exercise over 8 weeks with higher intensity seems more beneficial than the cases with shorter duration and lower intensity. However, more studies are needed in the future to elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which vascular endothelial function is impaired in insulin resistance and improved with aerobic exercise.

Retinal vascular segmentation using superpixel-based line operator and its application to vascular topology estimation.

Science.gov (United States)

Na, Tong; Xie, Jianyang; Zhao, Yitian; Zhao, Yifan; Liu, Yue; Wang, Yongtian; Liu, Jiang

2018-05-09

Automatic methods of analyzing of retinal vascular networks, such as retinal blood vessel detection, vascular network topology estimation, and arteries/veins classification are of great assistance to the ophthalmologist in terms of diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. We propose a new framework for precisely segmenting retinal vasculatures, constructing retinal vascular network topology, and separating the arteries and veins. A nonlocal total variation inspired Retinex model is employed to remove the image intensity inhomogeneities and relatively poor contrast. For better generalizability and segmentation performance, a superpixel-based line operator is proposed as to distinguish between lines and the edges, thus allowing more tolerance in the position of the respective contours. The concept of dominant sets clustering is adopted to estimate retinal vessel topology and classify the vessel network into arteries and veins. The proposed segmentation method yields competitive results on three public data sets (STARE, DRIVE, and IOSTAR), and it has superior performance when compared with unsupervised segmentation methods, with accuracy of 0.954, 0.957, and 0.964, respectively. The topology estimation approach has been applied to five public databases (DRIVE,STARE, INSPIRE, IOSTAR, and VICAVR) and achieved high accuracy of 0.830, 0.910, 0.915, 0.928, and 0.889, respectively. The accuracies of arteries/veins classification based on the estimated vascular topology on three public databases (INSPIRE, DRIVE and VICAVR) are 0.90.9, 0.910, and 0.907, respectively. The experimental results show that the proposed framework has effectively addressed crossover problem, a bottleneck issue in segmentation and vascular topology reconstruction. The vascular topology information significantly improves the accuracy on arteries/veins classification. © 2018 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

Postoperative radiographic evaluation of vascularized fibular grafts

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manaster, B.J.; Coleman, D.A.; Bell, D.A.

1989-01-01

This paper reports on thirty-five patients with free vascularized fibular grafts examined postoperatively with plain radiography. Early graft incorporation is seen as a fuzziness of the cortex at the site of its insertion into the host bone. Causes of failure in grafting for bone defects include graft fracture, hardware failure, and infection. A high percentage of complications or at least delayed unions occurred when vascularized fibular grafts were used to fill defects in the lower extremity. Conversely, upper extremity defects bridged by vascularized grafts heal quickly and hypertrophy. Vascularized grafts placed in the femoral head and neck for a vascular necrosis incorporate early on their superior aspect. The osseous tunnel in which they are placed is normally wider than the graft and often becomes sclerotic; this appearance does not represent nonunion

Sirtuins, Cell Senescence, and Vascular Aging.

Science.gov (United States)

Kida, Yujiro; Goligorsky, Michael S

2016-05-01

The sirtuins (SIRTs) constitute a class of proteins with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase or adenosine diphosphate-ribosyltransferase activity. Seven SIRT family members have been identified in mammals, from SIRT1, the best studied for its role in vascular aging, to SIRT7. SIRT1 and SIRT2 are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 are mitochondrial, and SIRT6 and SIRT7 are nuclear. Extensive studies have clearly revealed that SIRT proteins regulate diverse cell functions and responses to stressors. Vascular aging involves the aging process (senescence) of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Two types of cell senescence have been identified: (1) replicative senescence with telomere attrition; and (2) stress-induced premature senescence without telomere involvement. Both types of senescence induce vascular cell growth arrest and loss of vascular homeostasis, and contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Previous mechanistic studies have revealed in detail that SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT6 show protective functions against vascular aging, and definite vascular function of other SIRTs is under investigation. Thus, direct SIRT modulation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide stimulation of SIRT are promising candidates for cardiovascular disease therapy. A small number of pilot studies have been conducted to assess SIRT modulation in humans. These clinical studies have not yet provided convincing evidence that SIRT proteins alleviate morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The outcomes of multiple ongoing clinical trials are awaited to define the efficacy of SIRT modulators and SIRT activators in cardiovascular diseases, along with the potential adverse effects of chronic SIRT modulation. Copyright © 2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Vascular aging, arterial hypertension and physical activity].

Science.gov (United States)

Schmidt-Trucksäss, A; Weisser, B

2011-11-01

The present review delineates the significance of intima-media-thickness, arterial stiffness and endothelial function for vascular aging. There is profound evidence for an increase in intima-media-thickness and vascular stiffness not only during healthy aging but induced also by cardiovascular risk factors. There is a central role of arterial hypertension for this progression in both structural factors. In addition, both parameters are strongly associated with cardiovascular risk. Endothelial function measured as postischemic flow-mediated vasodilatation is a functional parameter which is decreased both in healthy aging and by cardiovascular risk factors. Physical activity modifies the influence of aging and risk factors on endothelial function. A positive influence of endurance exercise on vascular stiffness and endothelial function has been demonstrated in numerous studies. In long-term studies, regular physical activity has been shown to reduce the progression of intima-media-thickness. Thus, arterial hypertension accelerates vascular aging, while physical activity has a positive influence on a variety of vascular parameters associated with vascular aging. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Pulmonary vascular imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fedullo, P.F.; Shure, D.

1987-01-01

A wide range of pulmonary vascular imaging techniques are available for the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected pulmonary vascular disease. The characteristics of any ideal technique would include high sensitivity and specificity, safety, simplicity, and sequential applicability. To date, no single technique meets these ideal characteristics. Conventional pulmonary angiography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute thromboembolic disease despite the introduction of newer techniques such as digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Improved noninvasive lower extremity venous testing methods, particularly impedance plethysmography, and ventilation-perfusion scanning can play significant roles in the noninvasive diagnosis of acute pulmonary emboli when properly applied. Ventilation-perfusion scanning may also be useful as a screening test to differentiate possible primary pulmonary hypertension from chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. And, finally, angioscopy may be a useful adjunctive technique to detect chronic thromboembolic disease and determine operability. Optimal clinical decision-making, however, will continue to require the proper interpretation of adjunctive information obtained from the less-invasive techniques, applied with an understanding of the natural history of the various forms of pulmonary vascular disease and with a knowledge of the capabilities and shortcomings of the individual techniques

Vascular lumen formation.

Science.gov (United States)

Lammert, Eckhard; Axnick, Jennifer

2012-04-01

The vascular system developed early in evolution. It is required in large multicellular organisms for the transport of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from tissues. The vascular system is composed of hollow tubes, which have a high level of complexity in vertebrates. Vasculogenesis describes the de novo formation of blood vessels, e.g., aorta formation in vertebrate embryogenesis. In contrast, angiogenesis is the formation of blood vessels from preexisting ones, e.g., sprouting of intersomitic blood vessels from the aorta. Importantly, the lumen of all blood vessels in vertebrates is lined and formed by endothelial cells. In both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, lumen formation takes place in a cord of endothelial cells. It involves a complex molecular mechanism composed of endothelial cell repulsion at the cell-cell contacts within the endothelial cell cords, junctional rearrangement, and endothelial cell shape change. As the vascular system also participates in the course of many diseases, such as cancer, stroke, and myocardial infarction, it is important to understand and make use of the molecular mechanisms of blood vessel formation to better understand and manipulate the pathomechanisms involved.

Lipidomics in vascular health: current perspectives.

Science.gov (United States)

Kolovou, Genovefa; Kolovou, Vana; Mavrogeni, Sophie

2015-01-01

Identifying the mechanisms that convert a healthy vascular wall to an atherosclerotic wall is of major importance since the consequences may lead to a shortened lifespan. Classical risk factors (age, smoking, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) may result in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions by processes including inflammation and lipid accumulation. Thus, the evaluation of blood lipids and the full lipid complement produced by cells, organisms, or tissues (lipidomics) is an issue of importance. In this review, we shall describe the recent progress in vascular health research using lipidomic advances. We will begin with an overview of vascular wall biology and lipids, followed by a short analysis of lipidomics. Finally, we shall focus on the clinical implications of lipidomics and studies that have examined lipidomic approaches and vascular health.

[Vascular access guidelines for hemodialysis].

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez Hernández, J A; González Parra, E; Julián Gutiérrez, J M; Segarra Medrano, A; Almirante, B; Martínez, M T; Arrieta, J; Fernández Rivera, C; Galera, A; Gallego Beuter, J; Górriz, J L; Herrero, J A; López Menchero, R; Ochando, A; Pérez Bañasco, V; Polo, J R; Pueyo, J; Ruiz, Camps I; Segura Iglesias, R

2005-01-01

Quality of vascular access (VA) has a remarkable influence in hemodialysis patients outcomes. Dysfunction of VA represents a capital cause of morbi-mortality of these patients as well an increase in economical. Spanish Society of Neprhology, aware of the problem, has decided to carry out a revision of the issue with the aim of providing help in comprehensión and treatment related with VA problems, and achieving an homogenization of practices in three mayor aspects: to increase arteriovenous fistula utilization as first vascular access, to increment vascular access monitoring practice and rationalise central catheters use. We present a consensus document elaborated by a multidisciplinar group composed by nephrologists, vascular surgeons, interventional radiologysts, infectious diseases specialists and nephrological nurses. Along six chapters that cover patient education, creation of VA, care, monitoring, complications and central catheters, we present the state of the art and propose guidelines for the best practice, according different evidence based degrees, with the intention to provide help at the professionals in order to make aproppiate decissions. Several quality standars are also included.

Efeitos do enfoque patrimonial na dívida pública flutuante: um estudo de caso em uma fundação pública do norte do Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jonathan Alves Galdino

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Con la convergencia de la Contabilidad Pública a las Normas Internacionales, se espera una mejor revelación del patrimonio público. Este estudio tiene como objetivo investigar los efectos de la adopción del enfoque patrimonial sobre la Deuda Pública Flotante a partir de la realización de un estudio de caso en una fundación estatal del Norte de Brasil y del empleo de análisis de clusters . Ha sido constatada una infravaloración de 51,56% de la Deuda Flotante del a entidad pública analizada. Concluimos, como efectos de la adopción del enfoque patrimonial en la Deuda Flotante de las entidades públicas, una mejora en la revelación cualitativa y cuantitativa del Pasivo .

Imaging after vascular gene therapy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Manninen, Hannu I.; Yang, Xiaoming

2005-01-01

Targets for cardiovascular gene therapy currently include limiting restenosis after balloon angioplasty and stent placement, inhibiting vein bypass graft intimal hyperplasia/stenosis, therapeutic angiogenesis for cardiac and lower-limb ischemia, and prevention of thrombus formation. While catheter angiography is still standard method to follow-up vascular gene transfer, other modern imaging techniques, especially intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), magnetic resonance (MR), and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provide complementary information about the therapeutic effect of vascular gene transfer in humans. Although molecular imaging of therapeutic gene expression in the vasculatures is still in its technical development phase, it has already offered basic medical science an extremely useful in vivo evaluation tool for non- or minimally invasive imaging of vascular gene therapy

Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable y la Soberanía Alimentaria (CEDRSSA. Estudios e investigaciones: nueva ruralidad; enfoques y propuestas para América Latina

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Inés Babilonia Ballesteros

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural Sustentable y la Soberanía Alimentaria (CEDRSSA. Estudios e investigaciones:nueva ruralidad; enfoques y propuestas para América Latina.

La igualdad en espera: el enfoque de género

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pautassi, Laura

2011-12-01

Full Text Available Las diversas medidas implementadas en los últimos años en América Latina con el objetivo de garantizar la igualdad entre varones y mujeres han operado sobre un concepto de igualdad meramente formal lo que revela su marcada insuficiencia para alcanzar la igualdad material. La falta de acceso al ejercicio pleno de los derechos de ciudadanía por parte de las mujeres obliga a repensar el funcionamiento de las estructuras de poder asimétricas desde un enfoque de género. El artículo se divide en tres partes: la primera, analiza los principales tratados internacionales que han sido ratificados por la Argentina y que gozan de jerarquía constitucional, analizando el impacto de los mismos en las políticas públicas. La segunda, aborda la interrelación entre el mundo de lo público y de lo privado. Finalmente, se presentan propuestas de políticas públicas tendientes a alcanzar la igualdad material, a partir de la implementación de la transversalización como eje central de las políticas públicas respetuosas de la equidad social y de género.

Revascularization of diaphyseal bone segments by vascular bundle implantation.

Science.gov (United States)

Nagi, O N

2005-11-01

Vascularized bone transfer is an effective, established treatment for avascular necrosis and atrophic or infected nonunions. However, limited donor sites and technical difficulty limit its application. Vascular bundle transplantation may provide an alternative. However, even if vascular ingrowth is presumed to occur in such situations, its extent in aiding revascularization for ultimate graft incorporation is not well understood. A rabbit tibia model was used to study and compare vascularized, segmental, diaphyseal, nonvascularized conventional, and vascular bundle-implanted grafts with a combination of angiographic, radiographic, histopathologic, and bone scanning techniques. Complete graft incorporation in conventional grafts was observed at 6 months, whereas it was 8 to 12 weeks with either of the vascularized grafts. The pattern of radionuclide uptake and the duration of graft incorporation between vascular segmental bone grafts (with intact endosteal blood supply) and vascular bundle-implanted segmental grafts were similar. A vascular bundle implanted in the recipient bone was found to anastomose extensively with the intraosseous circulation at 6 weeks. Effective revascularization of bone could be seen when a simple vascular bundle was introduced into a segment of bone deprived of its normal blood supply. This simple technique offers promise for improvement of bone graft survival in clinical circumstances.

El Paisaje Transformado: Un Enfoque Multidisciplinar a Través de la Fotografía Contemporánea.

OpenAIRE

Blanco Arroyo, María Antonia

2017-01-01

Esta investigación constituye un enfoque multidisciplinar de la fotografía contemporánea, y en ella, se aborda específicamente la creación de una teoría en torno al paisaje alterado por el hombre. El objetivo principal es trazar una conceptualización de ese paisaje alterado a través de ciertos proyectos fotográficos, analizando la simbiosis establecida entre el ser humano y su entorno (ya sea éste natural o urbano). Las i...

Adiposity, adipocytokines & microvesicles in the etiology of vascular disease

OpenAIRE

Kanhai, D.A.N.I.S.

2013-01-01

Vascular disease, in this thesis the terms vascular and cardiovascular are used interchangeably, is the number 1 cause of death worldwide. In 2008, 30% of all mortality had a vascular origin. Vascular mortality rates after a first manifestation of vascular disease are decreasing in Western society, which is attributable to better disease awareness, better preventive strategies and better healthcare systems. As mortality rates are decreasing, the number of patients surviving their first vascul...

Subclinical hypothyroidism after vascular complicated pregnancy

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Zanden, M. van der; Hop-de Groot, R.J.; Sweep, F.C.; Ross, H.A.; Heijer, M. den; Spaanderman, M.E.A.

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVE: Women with a history of vascular complicated pregnancy are at risk for developing remote cardiovascular disease. It is associated with underlying cardiovascular risk factors both jeopardizing trophoblast and vascular function. Subclinical hypothyroidism may relate to both conditions.

Self-Replenishing Vascularized Fouling-Release Surfaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Howell, C; Vu, TL; Lin, JJ; Kolle, S; Juthani, N; Watson, E; Weaver, JC; Alvarenga, J; Aizenberg, J

2014-08-13

Inspired by the long-term effectiveness of living antifouling materials, we have developed a method for the self-replenishment of synthetic biofouling-release surfaces. These surfaces are created by either molding or directly embedding 3D vascular systems into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and filling them with a silicone oil to generate a nontoxic oil-infused material. When replenished with silicone oil from an outside source, these materials are capable of self-lubrication and continuous renewal of the interfacial fouling-release layer. Under accelerated lubricant loss conditions, fully infused vascularized samples retained significantly more lubricant than equivalent nonvascularized controls. Tests of lubricant-infused PDMS in static cultures of the infectious bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as the green microalgae Botryococcus braunii, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Dunaliella sauna, and Nannochloropsis oculata showed a significant reduction in biofilm adhesion compared to PDMS and glass controls containing no lubricant. Further experiments on vascularized versus nonvascularized samples that had been subjected to accelerated lubricant evaporation conditions for up to 48 h showed significantly less biofilm adherence on the vascularized surfaces. These results demonstrate the ability of an embedded lubricant-filled vascular network to improve the longevity of fouling-release surfaces.

Vascular lesions following radiation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fajardo, L.F.; Berthrong, M.

1988-01-01

The special radiation sensitivity of the vascular system is mainly linked to that of endothelial cells, which are perhaps the most radiation-vulnerable elements of mesenchymal tissues. Within the vascular tree, radiation injures most often capillaries, sinusoids, and small arteries, in that order. Lesions of veins are observed less often, but in certain tissues the veins are regularly damaged (e.g., intestine) or are the most affected structures (i.e., liver). Large arteries do suffer the least; however, when significant damage does occur in an elastic artery (e.g., thrombosis or rupture), it tends to be clinically significant and even fatal. Although not always demonstrable in human tissues, radiation vasculopathy generally is dose and time dependent. Like other radiation-induced lesions, the morphology in the vessels is not specific, but it is characteristic enough to be often recognizable. Vascular injury, especially by therapeutic radiation is not just a morphologic marker. It is a mediator of tissue damage; perhaps the most consistent pathogenetic mechanism in delayed radiation injury

La función de la mujer en la familia. Principales enfoques teóricos

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Esther Casares García

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo contiene un esbozo de los enfoques teóricos más relevantes que se han ocupado de la función de la mujer dentro de la familia. Desde los inicios del siglo XX, en que mujeres de formación liberal crearon asociaciones para reclamar sus derechos, hasta llegar a paradigmas radicales que cuestionan todas las relaciones sociales para acabar con las desigualdades de género. Una evolución de la teoría social y política con el feminismo como eje central, afectando a cada uno de los aspectos vitales de la mujer: la maternidad, el trabajo y, por supuesto, la familia.

Vascular Disorders

Science.gov (United States)

... All Topics A-Z Videos Infographics Symptom Picker Anatomy Bones Joints Muscles Nerves Vessels Tendons About Hand Surgery What is a Hand Surgeon? What is a Hand Therapist? Media Find a Hand Surgeon Home Anatomy Vascular Disorders Email to a friend * required fields ...

Using Polymeric Scaffolds for Vascular Tissue Engineering

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alida Abruzzo

2014-01-01

Full Text Available With the high occurrence of cardiovascular disease and increasing numbers of patients requiring vascular access, there is a significant need for small-diameter (<6 mm inner diameter vascular graft that can provide long-term patency. Despite the technological improvements, restenosis and graft thrombosis continue to hamper the success of the implants. Vascular tissue engineering is a new field that has undergone enormous growth over the last decade and has proposed valid solutions for blood vessels repair. The goal of vascular tissue engineering is to produce neovessels and neoorgan tissue from autologous cells using a biodegradable polymer as a scaffold. The most important advantage of tissue-engineered implants is that these tissues can grow, remodel, rebuild, and respond to injury. This review describes the development of polymeric materials over the years and current tissue engineering strategies for the improvement of vascular conduits.

Patterns of peripheral vascular diseases at Muhimbili National hospital

African Journals Online (AJOL)

diseases) and HIV- vasculitis. A total of 97 patients (63%) were surgically treated. Conclusion: Shortage of vascular surgeons and facilities in our. Country needs to be sorted out to save life to these patients with vascular disorders. Key Words: Peripheral Vascular Diseases, and Shortage of Vascular Services in Tanzania.

¿De qué Ciencia Política estamos hablando? Las potencialidades de un enfoque integrador

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adrián Restrepo Parra

Full Text Available El artículo propone comprender la producción de conocimiento sobre los fenómenos políticos, a través de la revisión de un caso empírico como es el Instituto de Estudios Políticos de la Universidad de Antioquia (IEP. Se reconstruyen las perspectivas disciplinares, las tradiciones teóricas y metodológicas involucradas en el estudio de la realidad política colombiana a partir de las siguientes dimensiones: 1 el objeto de la disciplina —la política— y su relación con el contexto nacional marcado por las dinámicas bélicas y los procesos organizativos; 2 la hibridación disciplinar y el aporte que distintos campos de especialización de las Ciencias Sociales han hecho al análisis de la política; 3 los referentes teóricos involucrados en la lectura de los problemas políticos y 4 los métodos para el análisis político, cuya característica esencial es la diversidad y complementariedad de enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos. La revisión del caso conduce a reconocer la pluralidad de temasobjetos, teorías y herramientas metodológicas para el análisis de la política, con todo ello se reconstruyen algunos hilos de la teoría política y de la Ciencia Política contemporáneas que apuntan a configurar un enfoque integrador como una vía para comprender los contextos políticos colombiano y latinoamericano.

Talla baja: enfoque diagnóstico y bases terapéuticas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

G. Verónica Mericq, Dra.

2013-09-01

Full Text Available La talla baja es un motivo de consulta cada vez más frecuente que el pediatra debe pesquisar. En la evaluación debe incluir una historia clínica completa, examen físico con una correcta evaluación auxiológica y un seguimiento adecuado de la velocidad de crecimiento. De esta forma, los exámenes complementarios irán orientados a confirmar una sospecha diagnóstica. A pesar de que la mayoría de los pacientes tendrá una talla baja idiopática o variante normal, en alrededor de un 5% estaremos frente a patología. El enfoque terapéutico, debe estar siempre orientado a la causa. Existen terapias que pueden mejorar la estatura final pero tienen indicaciones precisas y no están exentas de complicaciones. Un estilo de vida saludable y un ambiente psicosocial favorable, permitirán que el niño desarrolle al máximo su potencial genético.

Hacia un diagnóstico territorial bajo enfoque sistémico

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Leonel Vega Mora

2002-10-01

Full Text Available El diagnóstico territorial constituye un elemento esencial, no sólo en la formulación y articulación de las políticas públicas y de sus instrumentos, sino en general en la definición de mecanismos para su seguimiento y evaluación, y en los procesos de toma de decisiones. En el presente artículo se proponen y desarrollan a la luz del enfoque sistémico, aquellos aspectos que a juicio del autor están íntimamente relacionados con la determinación de diagnósticos territoriales, como son: la caracterización territorial a través de la configuración de "líneas base de información territorial -LBIT -"; la identificación, priorización y análisis estratégico de problemáticas y potencialidades territoriales; la prospección y construcción de escenarios posibles; y la selección de escenarios deseados.

World Federation of Vascular Societies: presidential address

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Sillesen, Henrik Hegaard

2010-01-01

The presidential address describes briefly the history of the World Federation for Vascular Societies (WFVS) and its objectives. Vascular Surgery today includes interventional procedures (open surgical and endovascular) in addition to risk factor reduction and medical treatment. It is equally imp...... throughout the world. In addition, for introduction of new treatments, training issues and dissemination of science a global organisation like the WFVS is needed.......The presidential address describes briefly the history of the World Federation for Vascular Societies (WFVS) and its objectives. Vascular Surgery today includes interventional procedures (open surgical and endovascular) in addition to risk factor reduction and medical treatment. It is equally...

Management of vascular anomalies: Review of institutional management algorithm

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lalit K Makhija

2017-01-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Vascular anomalies are congenital lesions broadly categorised into vascular tumour (haemangiomas and vascular dysmorphogenesis (vascular malformation. The management of these difficult problems has lately been simplified by the biological classification and multidisciplinary approach. To standardise the treatment protocol, an algorithm has been devised. The study aims to validate the algorithm in terms of its utility and presents our experience in managing vascular anomalies. Materials and Methods: The biological classification of Mulliken and Glowacki was followed. A detailed algorithm for management of vascular anomalies has been devised in the department. The protocol is being practiced by us since the past two decades. The data regarding the types of lesions and treatment modality used were maintained. Results and Conclusion: This study was conducted from 2002 to 2012. A total of 784 cases of vascular anomalies were included in the study of which 196 were haemangiomas and 588 were vascular malformations. The algorithmic approach has brought an element of much-needed objectivity in the management of vascular anomalies. This has helped us to define the management of particular lesion considering its pathology, extent and aesthetic and functional consequences of ablation to a certain extent.

269. Veinte años de experiencia con homoinjertos vasculares criopreservados en la infección vascular

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E. Quintana

2012-04-01

Conclusiones: Este estudio a largo plazo contribuye a mantener la indicación para el implante de homoinjertos vasculares criopreservados en las infecciones vasculares. Los resultados demuestran un comportamiento satisfactorio en esta población multimórbida.

Aplicación del enfoque ciencia, tecnología, sociedad y ambiente ante problemas reales : el deshielo del ártico

OpenAIRE

García Ruiz, A.

2009-01-01

Los problemas ambientales, como por ejemplo, el papel de los polos en la evolución del planeta, son temas de gran actualidad y muchos de ellos de alcance mundial, con efectos palpables y para los que no se encuentran soluciones en algunos casos. En este trabajo desarrollamos el tema del deshilo del Ártico, planteándolo como problema ambiental global desde un enfoque CTSA y presentamos los resultados obtenidos en las actividades realizadas.

[A new specialty is born: Vascular medicine].

Science.gov (United States)

Laroche, J-P

2016-05-01

On the 4th of December 2015, the French authorities officially recognized the birth of a specialty in vascular medicine entitled CO-DES cardiology-vascular/vascular Medicine. France is the 7th country to obtain this specialty after Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Slovenia, six countries in the EEC. It has taken years to achieve a long but exciting experience: we went from hopes to disappointments, sometimes with the blues, but lobbying helping… with sustained confidence. This article tells the story of 30 years of struggle to achieve this vascular medicine specialty. Gaston Bachelard wrote: "Nothing is obvious, nothing is given, all is built." For the construction of vascular medicine, we had to overcome many obstacles, nothing was given to us, everything was conquered. Beware "The specialist is one who knows more and more things about an increasingly restricted field, up to 'knowing everything about nothing"' recalled Ralph Barton Ferry, philosopher; so there is room for modesty and humility but also convictions. The physical examination will remain the basis of our exercise. But let us recall the contributions of all those vascular physicians who practiced in the past, together with those currently active, who built day after day, year after year, a vascular medicine of quality. It is because of the trust of our colleagues and our patients that we can occupy the place that is ours today. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

New aspects of vascular remodelling: the involvement of all vascular cell types.

Science.gov (United States)

McGrath, John C; Deighan, Clare; Briones, Ana M; Shafaroudi, Majid Malekzadeh; McBride, Melissa; Adler, Jeremy; Arribas, Silvia M; Vila, Elisabet; Daly, Craig J

2005-07-01

Conventionally, the architecture of arteries is based around the close-packed smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. However, the adventitia and endothelium are now viewed as key players in vascular growth and repair. A new dynamic picture has emerged of blood vessels in a constant state of self-maintenance. Recent work raises fundamental questions about the cellular heterogeneity of arteries and the time course and triggering of normal and pathological remodelling. A common denominator emerging in hypertensive remodelling is an early increase in adventitial cell density suggesting that adventitial cells drive remodelling and may initiate subsequent changes such as re-arrangement of smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix. The organization of vascular smooth muscle cells follows regular arrangements that can be modelled mathematically. In hypertension, new patterns can be quantified in these terms and give insights to how structure affects function. As with smooth muscle, little is known about the organization of the vascular endothelium, or its role in vascular remodelling. Current observations suggest that there may be a close relationship between the helical organization of smooth muscle cells and the underlying pattern of endothelial cells. The function of myoendothelial connections is a topic of great current interest and may relate to the structure of the internal elastic lamina through which the connections must pass. In hypertensive remodelling this must present an organizational challenge. The objective of this paper is to show how the functions of blood vessels depend on their architecture and a continuous interaction of different cell types and extracellular proteins.

VASCULAR INJURIES IN TEHRAN: A REVIEW OF 123 CASES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Karbakhsh M. R. Zarei

2006-09-01

Full Text Available Abstract- Studies of the epidemiology of civilian vascular trauma in developing countries are rather few. This is a prospective study of our experience with vascular trauma in a referral university hospital in Tehran, Iran. The aim was to study the etiology, pattern of injuries and the mortality and morbidity rates due to vascular trauma in our population. In this cross-sectional study, all trauma patients suspicious of having vascular injuries who were admitted to Sina Hospital between March 2002 and May 2003 were included. Among 123 studied cases, there were 109 males and 14 females.Blunt injuries were more common than penetrating ones (56.1% vs. 43.9%. The most common anatomical site of vascular injuries had been knee and lower leg. In fact, cases with lower extremities vascular trauma were twice as common as those with vascular trauma in upper limbs (59.1% vs. 27.3%. The commonest injured vessels were popliteal artery followed by femoral artery. Arterial repair with graft interposition was done in 23 cases and bypass graft in 13 cases. Procedures on veins were performed in 24 cases. Five patients (4.06% died and in 3 cases the patients died because of non-vascular reasons. The present study allows an understanding of the epidemiology of vascular trauma in the one of the major trauma centers in the metropolitan city of Tehran. The majority of our cases were young males sustaining vascular injuries due to road traffic accidents or being stabbed with knives. It also has important implications for vascular injury prevention in our community.

Incorporating simulation in vascular surgery education.

Science.gov (United States)

Bismuth, Jean; Donovan, Michael A; O'Malley, Marcia K; El Sayed, Hosam F; Naoum, Joseph J; Peden, Eric K; Davies, Mark G; Lumsden, Alan B

2010-10-01

The traditional apprenticeship model introduced by Halsted of "learning by doing" may just not be valid in the modern practice of vascular surgery. The model is often criticized for being somewhat unstructured because a resident's experience is based on what comes through the "door." In an attempt to promote uniformity of training, multiple national organizations are currently delineating standard curricula for each trainee to govern the knowledge and cases required in a vascular residency. However, the outcomes are anything but uniform. This means that we graduate vascular specialists with a surprisingly wide spectrum of abilities. Use of simulation may benefit trainees in attaining a level of technical expertise that will benefit themselves and their patients. Furthermore, there is likely a need to establish a simulation-based certification process for graduating trainees to further ascertain minimum technical abilities. Copyright © 2010 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Formar Psicólogos: Un Enfoque desde la Integración de Tres Concepciones

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alberto Labarrere Sarduy

2013-01-01

Full Text Available El presente artículo aborda una de las problemáticas centrales de la formación de profesionales de la psicología; en él se hace una aproximación al proceso formativo de los psicólogos desde la óptica de tres concepciones integradas, con la finalidad de ofrecer un enfoque holístico susceptible de abarcar un rango más amplio de ámbitos formativos. Se parte del criterio de que la contradicción entre una intencionalidad que propende a la formación de profesionales comprometidos con la realidad y el devenir educacional en los diversos países; profesionales con implicación y responsabilidad ante las instituciones formadoras, y el devenir de las profesiones de una parte y, de otra, la puesta en marcha de proyectos educacionales y formativos, en la actualidad no ofrecen la cobertura ni el espacio requerido para que los estudiantes se incorporen de manera consciente a los propósitos y actividades que tienen lugar. La idea central es que el acceso a la formación desde dimensiones formativas y explicativas de los procesos, puede propiciar una acción más coherente en la práctica cotidiana y en la teoría que la sustenta, generar dispositivos de aprendizaje y enseñanza; así como aproximamos a criterios estimativos del desarrollo profesional más ajustados a las demandas de la formación. En aras de tal finalidad, se integran de manera coherente una propuesta basada en los enfoques de la Unidad entre Crecimiento Institucional y Proceso Formativo; otra referida a la formación concebida como Participación Trascendente de los estudiantes y, por último la teoría de la Profesionalización Temprana y el Profesional en Formación.

Three-dimensional vascular mapping of the breast by using contrast-enhanced MRI: association of unilateral increased vascularity with ipsilateral breast cancer.

Science.gov (United States)

Orgüç, Şebnem; Başara, Işıl; Coşkun, Teoman; Pekindil, Gökhan

2012-01-01

We aimed to retrospectively compare three-dimensional vascular maps of both breasts obtained by dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and determine the association of one-sided vascular prominence with ipsilateral breast cancer. MRI was performed using gadolinium in 194 cases. Two readers scored vascular density using maximum intensity projections (MIPs). Dynamic fat-saturated T1-weighted gradientecho MIPs were acquired. Two readers evaluated the MIPs, and vessels greater than 2 mm in diameter and longer than 3 cm were counted. The difference in vessel numbers detected in the two breasts determined the score. A total of 54 patients had malignant lesions (prevalence, 28%), including invasive ductal carcinoma (n=40), invasive mixed ductal-lobular carcinoma (n=5), invasive lobular carcinoma (n=3), ductal carcinoma in situ (n=3), mucinous carcinoma (n=1), medullary carcinoma (n=1), and leukemic metastasis (n=1). In 62 patients, there were benign lesions (fibroadenomas, fibrocysts), and four patients had inflammation (granulomatous mastitis in two patients, breast tuberculosis in two patients). There were 78 normal cases. When a difference of at least two vessels was scored as vascular asymmetry, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (+LR), and negative (-LR) of unilaterally increased vascularity associated with ipsilateral malignancy were 69%, 92%, 8.72, and 0.34, respectively. When four infection and three post-operative cases with vascular asymmetry were excluded; prevalence, specificity, and +LR increased to 29%, 97%, and 22.8, respectively, with the same sensitivity and -LR. Differences in mean vascularity scores were evaluated with regard to tumor size. T1 and T2 tumors were not significantly different from each other. The mean score of T3 tumors differed significantly from T1 and T2 tumors. MRI vascular mapping is an effective method for determining breast tissue vascularization. Ipsilateral increased vascularity was commonly associated with

3D-Printed Biodegradable Polymeric Vascular Grafts.

Science.gov (United States)

Melchiorri, A J; Hibino, N; Best, C A; Yi, T; Lee, Y U; Kraynak, C A; Kimerer, L K; Krieger, A; Kim, P; Breuer, C K; Fisher, J P

2016-02-04

Congenital heart defect interventions may benefit from the fabrication of patient-specific vascular grafts because of the wide array of anatomies present in children with cardiovascular defects. 3D printing is used to establish a platform for the production of custom vascular grafts, which are biodegradable, mechanically compatible with vascular tissues, and support neotissue formation and growth. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

El diálogo en la implementación de normas de RSE como promotor del ejercicio adecuado de derechos: un enfoque a partir de la ética del discurso de Jürgen Habermas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gustavo Arturo Zambrano Chavez

2010-12-01

Full Text Available El autor a  manera de  ensayo parte de la ética práctica y la teoría del Derecho, presenta las premisas más importantes acerca de lo que es la RSE a partir del enfoque de la teoría de los grupos de interés; con interés en las comunidades locales; además, trata de explicar  las razones que justifican por qué las empresas—en especial las extractivas— poseen responsabilidades sociales, exponiendo las críticas más resaltantes contra el enfoque de la RSE y cómo tales argumentaciones adolecen de inconvenientes en su fundamentación Propone comprender la RSE a partir de la importancia del diálogo entendido desde la teoría de la ética discursiva de Jürgen Habermas, plantea la propuesta que tratará de demostrar que  el enfoque habermasiano de diálogo en la RSE consolida el debido ejercicio.

El juego simbólico una alternativa en las dilataciones anales

OpenAIRE

Aguinaga B. Oscar William

1993-01-01

"Las malformaciones ano-rectales están entre las más comunes de las malformaciones de tipo congénito causadas por anormalidades del desarrollo, aproximadamente uno de cada cinco mil partos con producto vivo, en Estados Unidos". Clasificaciones existen muchas, pero la de uso más generalizado y tenida en cuenta en el Hospital de la Misericordia, servicio de quirúrgicas, es: Estenosis anal congénita, agenecia anal, atresia rectal, fístula rectoperineal, fístula rectovaginal.

Otra forma de aprender contabilidad: docencia online y enfoque utilitarista de la enseñanza de la contabilidad

OpenAIRE

García Osma, Beatriz; Gisbert Clemente, Ana; de las Heras Cristóbal, Elena; Ucieda Blanco, Jose Luis

2010-01-01

Este trabajo describe la experiencia tras la implantación de metodologías de enseñanza online en un curso de Introducción a la Contabilidad. El curso sigue un enfoque utilitarista, pensando en acercar el lenguaje contable y más concretamente la información económico-financiera y sus técnicas de análisis a estudiantes de estudios distintos a la economía. La experiencia, en constante proceso de mejora, puede calificarse como muy satisfactoria. Las encuestas muestran un alto grado de satisfacció...

El hipertexto en la Enseñanza Media en Chile: ¿Es pertinente aplicar los enfoques textuales tradicionales?

OpenAIRE

Teresa Ayala Pérez

2012-01-01

Los textos digitales constituyen parte importante de la comunicación en la sociedad de la información y recientemente han sido incluidos en los programas de Lenguaje y Comunicación de E.M. en Chile. Ante esta situación, cabe preguntarse si los tradicionales enfoques textuales, elaborados a partir del texto impreso en los años 70 y 80 y utilizados actualmente en Enseñanza Media, resultan aplicables al hipertexto. En este trabajo se describen algunos rasgos de este tipo de texto y se reflexiona...

Facial vascular malformations in children

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Brunelle, F.O.; Lallemand, D.; Chaumont, P.; Teillac, D.; Manach, Y.

1988-01-01

The authors present their experience with conventional and digital angiography of vascular malformations of the head and neck in children. 22 hemangioendotheliomas, 8 venous angiomas, and 3 arteriovenous fistula were studied. 22 patients were embolised. DSA offers many advantages during the diagnostic as well as during the therapeutic phase of angiography. Embolization appears to have a major role in treatment of such vascular malformations. (orig.)

Neuropsicología del proceso creativo. Un enfoque educativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Verónica López-Fernández

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Vivimos en un contexto y en una sociedad en constante cambio, que requiere que las personas se adapten a las nuevas circunstancias en las que nos hallamos. La creatividad es uno de los elementos más importantes a tener en cuenta como facilitador de la adaptación. Por todo ello, es de especial relevancia su estudio desde todas las perspectivas científicas. Por este motivo, el objetivo del presente estudio es aportar un mejor entendimiento de la creatividad desde un enfoque neuropsicológico, dado el carácter multidimensional del constructo. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión de algunas investigaciones que estudian la creatividad desde la neurociencia y se propone una visión de las funciones neuropsicológicas implicadas en dicho proceso, en función de la fase en la que nos encontramos ante actividades creativas y que fueron establecidas por Wallas (1926: preparación, incubación, iluminación y verificación. Los resultados muestran que hay funciones cognitivas de especial relevancia en cada una de las fases y estructuras cerebrales con gran activación en las distintas etapas del proceso creativo. Por último, se propone con esta nueva perspectiva del estudio de la creatividad, un punto de partida para realizar otras investigaciones.

Imaging evaluation of fetal vascular anomalies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Calvo-Garcia, Maria A.; Kline-Fath, Beth M.; Koch, Bernadette L.; Laor, Tal [MLC 5031 Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati, OH (United States); Adams, Denise M. [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics and Hemangioma and Vascular Malformation Center, Cincinnati, OH (United States); Gupta, Anita [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pathology, Cincinnati, OH (United States); Lim, Foong-Yen [Cincinnati Children' s Hospital Medical Center, Pediatric Surgery and Fetal Center of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH (United States)

2015-08-15

Vascular anomalies can be detected in utero and should be considered in the setting of solid, mixed or cystic lesions in the fetus. Evaluation of the gray-scale and color Doppler US and MRI characteristics can guide diagnosis. We present a case-based pictorial essay to illustrate the prenatal imaging characteristics in 11 pregnancies with vascular malformations (5 lymphatic malformations, 2 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 1 venous-lymphatic malformation, 1 Parkes-Weber syndrome) and vascular tumors (1 congenital hemangioma, 1 kaposiform hemangioendothelioma). Concordance between prenatal and postnatal diagnoses is analyzed, with further discussion regarding potential pitfalls in identification. (orig.)

Imaging evaluation of fetal vascular anomalies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Calvo-Garcia, Maria A.; Kline-Fath, Beth M.; Koch, Bernadette L.; Laor, Tal; Adams, Denise M.; Gupta, Anita; Lim, Foong-Yen

2015-01-01

Vascular anomalies can be detected in utero and should be considered in the setting of solid, mixed or cystic lesions in the fetus. Evaluation of the gray-scale and color Doppler US and MRI characteristics can guide diagnosis. We present a case-based pictorial essay to illustrate the prenatal imaging characteristics in 11 pregnancies with vascular malformations (5 lymphatic malformations, 2 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, 1 venous-lymphatic malformation, 1 Parkes-Weber syndrome) and vascular tumors (1 congenital hemangioma, 1 kaposiform hemangioendothelioma). Concordance between prenatal and postnatal diagnoses is analyzed, with further discussion regarding potential pitfalls in identification. (orig.)

Vascular dysfunction in women with a history of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction: insights into future vascular risk.

Science.gov (United States)

Yinon, Yoav; Kingdom, John C P; Odutayo, Ayodele; Moineddin, Rahim; Drewlo, Sascha; Lai, Vesta; Cherney, David Z I; Hladunewich, Michelle A

2010-11-02

Women with a history of placental disease are at increased risk for the future development of vascular disease. It is unknown whether preexisting endothelial dysfunction underlies both the predisposition to placental disease and the later development of vascular disease. The aim of this study was to assess vascular function in postpartum women and to determine whether differences emerged depending on the presentation of placental disease. Women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia (n=15), late-onset preeclampsia (n=9), intrauterine growth restriction without preeclampsia (n=9), and prior normal pregnancy (n=16) were studied 6 to 24 months postpartum. Flow-mediated vasodilatation and flow-independent (glyceryl trinitrate-induced) vasodilatation were studied through the use of high-resolution vascular ultrasound examination of the brachial artery. Arterial stiffness was assessed by pulse-wave analysis (augmentation index). Laboratory assessment included circulating angiogenic factors (vascular endothelial growth factor, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, placental growth factor, and soluble endoglin). Flow-mediated vasodilatation was significantly reduced in women with previous early-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction compared with women with previous late-onset preeclampsia and control subjects (3.2±2.7% and 2.1±1.2% versus 7.9±3.8% and 9.1±3.5%, respectively; Pwomen with previous early-onset preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, but not among late preeclamptic women and control subjects (P=0.0105). Circulating angiogenic factors were similar in all groups. Only women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction without preeclampsia exhibit impaired vascular function, which might explain their predisposition to placental disease and their higher risk of future vascular disease.

FGF-dependent metabolic control of vascular development

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Pengchun; Alves, Tiago C.; Fang, Jennifer S.; Xie, Yi; Zhu, Jie; Chen, Zehua; De Smet, Frederik; Zhang, Jiasheng; Jin, Suk-Won; Sun, Lele; Sun, Hongye; Kibbey, Richard G.; Hirschi, Karen K.; Hay, Nissim; Carmeliet, Peter; Chittenden, Thomas W.; Eichmann, Anne; Potente, Michael; Simons, Michael

2017-01-01

Blood and lymphatic vasculatures are intimately involved in tissue oxygenation and fluid homeostasis maintenance. Assembly of these vascular networks involves sprouting, migration and proliferation of endothelial cells. Recent studies have suggested that changes in cellular metabolism are of importance to these processes1. While much is known about vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-dependent regulation of vascular development and metabolism2,3, little is understood about the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in this context4. Here we identify FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling as a critical regulator of vascular development. This is achieved by FGF-dependent control of c-MYC (MYC) expression that, in turn, regulates expression of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2). A decrease in HK2 levels in the absence of FGF signaling inputs results in decreased glycolysis leading to impaired endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Pan-endothelial- and lymphatic-specific Hk2 knockouts phenocopy blood and/or lymphatic vascular defects seen in Fgfr1/r3 double mutant mice while HK2 overexpression partially rescues the defects caused by suppression of FGF signaling. Thus, FGF-dependent regulation of endothelial glycolysis is a pivotal process in developmental and adult vascular growth and development. PMID:28467822

Vascular complications of prosthetic inter-vertebral discs

OpenAIRE

Daly, Kevin J.; Ross, E. Raymond S.; Norris, Heather; McCollum, Charles N.

2006-01-01

Five consecutive cases of prosthetic inter-vertebral disc displacement with severe vascular complications on revisional surgery are described. The objective of this case report is to warn spinal surgeons that major vascular complications are likely with anterior displacement of inter-vertebral discs. We have not been able to find a previous report on vascular complications associated with anterior displacement of prosthetic inter-vertebral discs. In all five patients the prosthetic disc had e...

El enfoque sociocultural en el estudio del desarrollo y la educación

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Angel Martínez Rodríguez

1999-11-01

Full Text Available En este trabajo se abordan los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos del enfoque sociocultural o sociohistórico del desarrollo de las funciones psicológicas superiores, que proviene de los planteamientos de Vygotsky y sus colaboradores (Luria y Leontiev. Esta teoría del desarrollo se caracteriza hacer énfasis en el origen social de los fenómenos psicológicos, y utilizar un postulado de carácter metodológico que tiene que ver con la acción mediada como unidad de análisis. Sobre la base de este enfoque, se pretende explicar las relaciones que se establecen entre el aprendizaje y el desarrollo, extendiendo las nociones de mediación semiótica y de zona de desarrollo próximo, como líneas de reflexión teórica que guían la elaboración de nuestros conceptos y las aproximaciones empíricas que hacemos en el campo de la educación. En la última parte de este ensayo se busca vincular tales planteamientos con nuestro contexto educativo y se aportan algunas consideraciones que pueden ser de utilidad para orientar la práctica educativa, así como la investigación sobre el desarrollo psicológico. AbstractThis paper focuses on the theoretical and methodological basis of the sociocultural or sociohistorical approach to the development of higher psychological processes, which derives from the work of Vygotsky’s and his colleagues’ (Luria and Leontiev. This theory of development emphasises on the social origin of the psychological phenomena, and uses a methodological postulate related to mediated action as a unit of analysis. Based on this approach, we intend to explain the relationship between learning and development, taking the notions of eemiotic mediation and proximal zone as the lines of theoretical reflection to elaborate our concepts and empirical approximations in the field of education. In the last part of the essay we try to link those postulates to our educational context. We also point out some considerations that may be

Convergent evolution of vascular optimization in kelp (Laminariales).

Science.gov (United States)

Drobnitch, Sarah Tepler; Jensen, Kaare H; Prentice, Paige; Pittermann, Jarmila

2015-10-07

Terrestrial plants and mammals, although separated by a great evolutionary distance, have each arrived at a highly conserved body plan in which universal allometric scaling relationships govern the anatomy of vascular networks and key functional metabolic traits. The universality of allometric scaling suggests that these phyla have each evolved an 'optimal' transport strategy that has been overwhelmingly adopted by extant species. To truly evaluate the dominance and universality of vascular optimization, however, it is critical to examine other, lesser-known, vascularized phyla. The brown algae (Phaeophyceae) are one such group--as distantly related to plants as mammals, they have convergently evolved a plant-like body plan and a specialized phloem-like transport network. To evaluate possible scaling and optimization in the kelp vascular system, we developed a model of optimized transport anatomy and tested it with measurements of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, which is among the largest and most successful of macroalgae. We also evaluated three classical allometric relationships pertaining to plant vascular tissues with a diverse sampling of kelp species. Macrocystis pyrifera displays strong scaling relationships between all tested vascular parameters and agrees with our model; other species within the Laminariales display weak or inconsistent vascular allometries. The lack of universal scaling in the kelps and the presence of optimized transport anatomy in M. pyrifera raises important questions about the evolution of optimization and the possible competitive advantage conferred by optimized vascular systems to multicellular phyla. © 2015 The Author(s).

Lower limb vascular dysfunction in cyclists

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Thiago Ayala Melo Di Alencar

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Sports-related vascular insufficiency affecting the lower limbs is uncommon, and early signs and symptoms can be confused with musculoskeletal injuries. This is also the case among professional cyclists, who are always at the threshold between endurance and excess training. The aim of this review was to analyze the occurrence of vascular disorders in the lower limbs of cyclists and to discuss possible etiologies. Eighty-five texts, including papers and books, published from 1950 to 2012, were used. According to the literature reviewed, some cyclists receive a late diagnosis of vascular dysfunction due to a lack of familiarity of the medical team with this type of dysfunction. Data revealed that a reduced blood flow in the external iliac artery, especially on the left, is much more common than in the femoral and popliteal arteries, and that vascular impairment is responsible for the occurrence of early fatigue and reduced performance in cycling.

Generación Automática de Software para Sistemas de Tiempo Real: Un Enfoque basado en Componentes, Modelos y Frameworks

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Diego Alonso

2012-04-01

Full Text Available Resumen: Los Sistemas de Tiempo-Real poseen características que los hacen particularmente sensibles a las decisiones arquitectónicas que se adopten. El uso de Frameworks y Componentes ha demostrado ser eficaz en la mejora de la productividad y calidad del software, sobre todo si se combina con enfoques de Líneas de Productos. Sin embargo, los resultados en cuanto a reutilización y estandarización dejan patente la ausencia de portabilidad tanto de los diseños como las implementaciones basadas en componentes. Este artículo, fundamentado en el Desarrollo de Software Dirigido por Modelos, presenta un enfoque que separa la descripción de aplicaciones de tiempo–real basadas en componentes de sus posibles implementaciones para distintas plataformas. Esta separación viene soportada por la integración automática del código obtenido a partir de los modelos de entrada en frameworks implementados usando tecnología orientada a objetos. Asimismo, se detallan las decisiones arquitectónicas adoptadas en la implementación de uno de estos frameworks, que se utilizará como caso de estudio para ilustrar los beneficios derivados del enfoque propuesto. Por último, se realiza una comparativa en términos de coste de desarrollo con otros enfoques alternativos. Abstract: Real-Time Systems have some characteristics that make them particularly sensitive to architectural decisions. The use of Frameworks and Components has proven effective in improving productivity and software quality, especially when combined with Software Product Line approaches. However, the results in terms of software reuse and standardization make the lack of portability of both the design and componentbased implementations clear. This article, based on the Model- Driven Software Development paradigm, presents an approach that separates the component-based description of real-time applications from their possible implementations on different

Gene transfer therapy in vascular diseases.

Science.gov (United States)

McKay, M J; Gaballa, M A

2001-01-01

Somatic gene therapy of vascular diseases is a promising new field in modern medicine. Recent advancements in gene transfer technology have greatly evolved our understanding of the pathophysiologic role of candidate disease genes. With this knowledge, the expression of selective gene products provides the means to test the therapeutic use of gene therapy in a multitude of medical conditions. In addition, with the completion of genome sequencing programs, gene transfer can be used also to study the biologic function of novel genes in vivo. Novel genes are delivered to targeted tissue via several different vehicles. These vectors include adenoviruses, retroviruses, plasmids, plasmid/liposomes, and oligonucleotides. However, each one of these vectors has inherent limitations. Further investigations into developing delivery systems that not only allow for efficient, targeted gene transfer, but also are stable and nonimmunogenic, will optimize the clinical application of gene therapy in vascular diseases. This review further discusses the available mode of gene delivery and examines six major areas in vascular gene therapy, namely prevention of restenosis, thrombosis, hypertension, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease in congestive heart failure, and ischemia. Although we highlight some of the recent advances in the use of gene therapy in treating vascular disease discovered primarily during the past two years, many excellent studies published during that period are not included in this review due to space limitations. The following is a selective review of practical uses of gene transfer therapy in vascular diseases. This review primarily covers work performed in the last 2 years. For earlier work, the reader may refer to several excellent review articles. For instance, Belalcazer et al. (6) reviewed general aspects of somatic gene therapy and the different vehicles used for the delivery of therapeutic genes. Gene therapy in restenosis and stimulation of

Endoscopic Management of Vascular Sinonasal Tumors, Including Angiofibroma.

Science.gov (United States)

Snyderman, Carl H; Pant, Harshita

2016-06-01

The greatest challenge in the surgical treatment of angiofibromas is dealing with the hypervascularity of these tumors. Staging systems that take into account the vascularity of the tumor may be more prognostic. A variety of treatment strategies are used to deal with the vascularity of angiofibromas, including preoperative embolization, segmentation of the tumor into vascular territories, use of hemostatic tools, and staging of surgery. Even large angiofibromas with intracranial extension and residual vascularity can be successfully managed by a skull base team using endoscopic techniques. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vascular graft infections with Mycoplasma

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Levi-Mazloum, Niels Donald; Skov Jensen, J; Prag, J

1995-01-01

laboratory techniques, the percentage of culture-negative yet grossly infected vascular grafts seems to be increasing and is not adequately explained by the prior use of antibiotics. We have recently reported the first case of aortic graft infection with Mycoplasma. We therefore suggest the hypothesis...... that the large number of culture-negative yet grossly infected vascular grafts may be due to Mycoplasma infection not detected with conventional laboratory technique....

Limb vascular function in women

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Hellsten, Ylva; Gliemann, Lasse

2018-01-01

Throughout life, women are subjected to both acute fluctuations in sex hormones, associated with the menstrual cycle, and chronic changes following the onset of menopause. Female sex hormones, and in particular estrogen, strongly influence cardiovascular function such as the regulation of vascular...... studies. Physical activity should be recommended for women of all ages, but the most essential timing for maintenance of vascular health may be from menopause and onwards....

MALFORMAÇÕES CONGÊNITAS E FATORES DE RISCO MATERNO EM CAMPINA GRANDE - PARAÍBA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virgínia Rossana de Sousa Brito

2010-01-01

Full Text Available n el siguiente artículo se realiza un estudio para verificar el predominio de niños nacidos con malformaciones congénitas en las maternidades de Campina Grande–PB y los factores de riesgo asociados. Los datos recolectados se refieren a tres cen- tros maternos a través de las Declaraciones de Nacido Vivo — DNV emitidos en el período del 2003 al 2005. La asociación entre los tipos de malformaciones y las variables fue avalorada por el Chi-cuadrado y las Odds Ratio, fueron calculadas para cada variable por separado usando el programa SPSS 15.0. La consideración usada fue de p < 0,05. Se detectaron 190 mal- formaciones que fueron distribuidas en las categorías: morfo- displasias, con 90 casos (47,4%; hito-displasias, 49 (25,8%, quimio- displasias, 1 (0,5%, malformaciones múltiples, 34 (17,9% y malformaciones sin especificación 16 (8,4%. Se iden- tificó hidrocefalia, anencefalia, Síndrome de Down, polidactilia, labio leporino y pie zambo. Se concluye que no hubo asocia- ción estadística significativa de las variables sociales relativas a las madres con malformación congénita. El alto número de DNV ininteligibles, o sin especificación de la malformación, muestra que es necesario un mayor rigor al llenar los impresos.

Childhood Vascular Tumors Treatment (PDQ®)—Patient Version

Science.gov (United States)

Childhood vascular tumors form from cells that make blood vessels or lymph vessels. They can be benign (not cancer) or malignant (cancer). Get information about the symptoms, tests to diagnose, prognosis, and treatment of the most common type of vascular tumor, infantile hemangioma, and other vascular tumors in this expert-reviewed summary.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces vascular leakage via autophagy

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Hong-Ru Chen

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Vascular leakage is an important feature of acute inflammatory shock, which currently has no effective treatment. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that can induce vascular leakage and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of shock. However, the mechanism of MIF-induced vascular leakage is still unclear. In this study, using recombinant MIF (rMIF, we demonstrated that MIF induced disorganization and degradation of junction proteins and increased the permeability of human endothelial cells in vitro. Western blotting analysis showed that rMIF treatment induced LC3 conversion and p62 degradation. Inhibition of autophagy with a PI3K inhibitor (3-MA, a ROS scavenger (NAC or autophagosomal-lysosomal fusion inhibitors (bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine rescued rMIF-induced vascular leakage, suggesting that autophagy mediates MIF-induced vascular leakage. The potential involvement of other signaling pathways was also studied using different inhibitors, and the results suggested that MIF-induced vascular leakage may occur through the ERK pathway. In conclusion, we showed that MIF triggered autophagic degradation of endothelial cells, resulting in vascular leakage. Inhibition of MIF-induced autophagy may provide therapeutic targets against vascular leakage in inflammatory shock.

Reconstructive vascular surgery below the knee

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Rasmussen, L B; Jelnes, R; Sager, P

1986-01-01

In a series of 38 consecutive patients with advanced peripheral vascular disease (i.e. rest pain) reconstructive vascular surgery was performed with the distal anastomosis below the knee. Ankle/arm pressure index (AAI) was 0.28 (0.11-0.47) preoperatively; accumulated graft patency rate was 0.47 (SD...

Audit of the Danish national vascular database

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Levi-Mazloum, Niels Donald; Jensen, L P; Schroeder, T V

1996-01-01

The accuracy of data contained in the Danish vascular database was compared with the case notes. A total of 100 case notes were reviewed for 11 pertinent variables in the database. A high error rate ranging from 2 to 34% was found. Also, approximately 10% of patients had never been entered into t...... into the vascular database. Further improvement of the Danish vascular database is necessary for its use as basis for reporting results.......The accuracy of data contained in the Danish vascular database was compared with the case notes. A total of 100 case notes were reviewed for 11 pertinent variables in the database. A high error rate ranging from 2 to 34% was found. Also, approximately 10% of patients had never been entered...

Longitudinal visualization of vascular occlusion, reperfusion, and remodeling in a zebrafish model of retinal vascular leakage using OCT angiography

Science.gov (United States)

Spitz, Kathleen; Bozic, Ivan; Desai, Vineet; Rao, Gopikrishna M.; Pollock, Lana M.; Anand-Apte, Bela; Tao, Yuankai K.

2017-02-01

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are two of the leading causes of blindness and visual impairment in the world. Neovascularization results in severe vision loss in DR and AMD and, thus, there is an unmet need to identify mechanisms of pathogenesis and novel anti-angiogenic therapies. Zebrafish is a leading model organism for studying human disease pathogenesis, and the highly conserved drug activity between zebrafish and humans and their ability to readily absorb small molecules dissolved in water has benefited pharmaceutical discovery. Here, we use optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) to perform noninvasive, in vivo retinal imaging in a zebrafish model of vascular leakage. Zebrafish were treated with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) to induce vascular leakage and imaged with OCT and OCT-A at six time points over two weeks: baseline one day before treatment and one, three, six, eight, and ten days post treatment. Longitudinal functional imaging showed significant vascular response immediately after DEAB treatment. Observed vascular changes included partial or complete vascular occlusion immediately after treatment and reperfusion during a two-week period. Increased vascular tortuosity several days post treatment indicated remodeling, and bifurcations and collateral vessel formation were also observed. In addition, significant treatment response variabilities were observed in the contralateral eye of the same animal. Anatomical and functional normalization was observed in most animals by ten days post treatment. These preliminary results motivate potential applications of OCT-A as a tool for studying pathogenesis and therapeutic screening in zebrafish models of retinal vascular disease.

Vacuum assisted closure in vascular surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Beno, M; Martin, J; Sager, P

2011-01-01

Vacuum assisted closure (VAC-therapy) is a well established method in nearly all surgical disciplines. The aim is to present the efficiency of vacuum assisted closure in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds in patients admitted in the department of vascular surgery. Within the year 2008 there were 59 patients (44 men, 15 women) treated with VAC therapy in our Department of Vascular surgery (Landshut, Germany). VAC was used 22x (37.28 %) in therapy of ulcus cruris (venous, arterial, mixed genesis), 15x (25.42%) in patients with diabetic foot syndrome, 12x (20.33%) in secondary healing wounds and infected wounds, 5x (8.47%) in wounds after several injuries and soft skin tissue infections and 5x (8.47%) in wound infections connected with vascular graft infections after vascular revascularization. VAC therapy seems to be very effective in the management of patients with venous ulcers, especially after a proper surgical treatment (100%), patients with soft skin tissue infections (100%) and secondary healing wounds (100%) especially in combination with MESH-Grafting. In patients with diabetic foot syndrome (80%) and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (72.7%), an evaluation of peripheral blood perfusion and revascularization prior to VAC therapy is often necessary. Although VAC was used 5x in the therapy of infected vascular grafts, successful preservation of infected graft material was observed in only one case (infection of PTFE femoro-popliteal bypass graft). Vacuum assisted closure in vascular surgery proved to be simple and efficient method in therapy of acute and chronic wounds. The efficiency of VAC systems in therapy of infected graft material after revascularization needs further studies (Tab. 3, Ref. 10).

ESRD QIP - Vascular Access - Payment Year 2018

Data.gov (United States)

U.S. Department of Health & Human Services — This dataset includes facility details, performance rates, vascular access topic measure score, and the state and national average measure scores for the vascular...

El bienestar subjetivo como enfoque e instrumento de la política pública: una revisión analítica de la literatura

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Castellanos-Cereceda, Roberto

2012-05-01

Full Text Available ¿Qué utilidad tiene el enfoque de bienestar subjetivo para el estudio, análisis y hechura de la política pública? En este trabajo argumento que la utilidad se aprecia en varios aspectos. El enfoque de bienestar subjetivo ofrece nuevas formas de poner a prueba supuestos básicos del análisis económico y social sobre el comportamiento humano; ofrece herramientas de análisis que dan una perspectiva diferente y complementaria a mediciones y enfoques tradicionales sobre los aspectos que más importan a la población en su proceso de desarrollo; ofrece un conjunto de reflexiones importantes sobre las implicaciones del estudio de la felicidad y la satisfacción para diferentes tipos de políticas públicas y en distintos ámbitos de la acción gubernamental. Estos aspectos se analizan a partir de un rastreo histórico sobre los orígenes de la “ciencia del bienestar subjetivo o de la felicidad” y de una revisión de la literatura para identificar temas abordados, herramientas desarrolladas y políticas públicas implicadas en el estudio sobre el bienestar subjetivo en décadas recientes. Una de las ideas centrales de este trabajo es que más que elevar los niveles de felicidad y satisfacción de las personas, en sí mismo importante, se trata de encontrar formas de reducir la brecha entre los objetivos de desarrollo que tiene la política pública, por un lado, y el bienestar subjetivo de la población, por el otro, a partir de una mejor comprensión de las preferencias y comportamientos de los individuos y lo que afecta la satisfacción de las personas con su vida.

Lung irradiation induces pulmonary vascular remodelling resembling pulmonary arterial hypertension

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Ghobadi, G.; Bartelds, B.; van der Veen, S. J.; Dickinson, M. G.; Brandenburg, S.; Berger, R. M. F.; Langendijk, J. A.; Coppes, R. P.; van Luijk, P.

Background Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a commonly fatal pulmonary vascular disease that is often diagnosed late and is characterised by a progressive rise in pulmonary vascular resistance resulting from typical vascular remodelling. Recent data suggest that vascular damage plays an

El nuevo enfoque de la política audiovisual de la Unión Europea

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lic. Carmina Crusafón Baqués

1999-01-01

Full Text Available La política audiovisual de la Unión Europea ha modificado entre 1994 y 1998 su enfoque principal en respuesta a la nueva situación coyuntural que vive el sector en el ámbito mundial Durante este periodo, sus actuaciones han mostrado una primacía económico-industrial (programa MEDIA y el Fondo Europeo de Garantía dejando en segundo plano la dimensión cultural; una mayor coordinación con los proyectos de la sociedad de la información (libro verde sobre la convergencia y el mantenimiento un cierto carácter proteccionista (directiva televisión sin fronteras y el énfasis en el déficit comercial con los Estados Unidos.

Investigación intervención y enfoque multimétodo en Ciencias Humanas y educación matemática

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Henry de Jesús Gallardo Pérez

2017-10-01

Full Text Available El artículo tiene como objetivo asociar la investigación intervención y el mentoring implementada en ciencias humanas en la educación matemática, así mismo analiza el multimétodo como enfoque de investigación en educación matemática. La investigación implementa microproyectos y mentoring, la información se analiza a través de triangulación de métodos de análisis factorial e investigación intervención. Resultados: cognición social, interacción empática, adicciones, apoyo padres son factores asociados a pensamiento matemático, intervención a través de apoyo psicopedagógico mejoró desarrollo del pensamiento. Conclusión: La investigación intervención como método dentro del enfoque multimétodo presenta una alternativa de acercamiento a la comprensión de las situación educativa y de los diferentes factores asociados para desde allí formular propuestas que permitan al estudiante alcanzar un nivel competente en el aprendizaje, comprensión y aplicación de las matemáticas que responda positivamente a su actuar en su mundo natural.

El giro argumentativo en el análisis de políticas públicas. Una transición desde la tecnocracia a enfoques cualitativos. Aspectos generales sobre la política pública frente al desplazamiento forzado en Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Camacho-Celis, Mireya

2011-08-01

Full Text Available La evolución de la disciplina hacia su autonomía ha llevado a que tanto sus contenidos epistemológicos como metodológicos se hayan revaluado y provoquen transformaciones cada vez más alejadas de las tecnocracias de esas décadas, dando paso a nuevos conceptos acordes con las evoluciones sociales en nuestros contextos. Un ejemplo de esto sería la conceptualización de las políticas públicas que ha sido objeto de múltiples propuestas según el enfoque en el que se ubiquen y la inclusión de elementos esenciales novedosos, así como nuevas propuestas incluso extremas como la de Feyerabend de un anarquismo metodológico en el análisis de políticas públicas. En el marco de la transición entre análisis cuantitativos a apuestas cualitativas y entre la reconceptualización de las políticas públicas, de su dinámica, de la relación entre actores y de los retos en países latinoamericanos como Colombia, se inscribe esta ponencia que pretende mostrar alternativas a enfoques tecnocráticos, en particular del enfoque interpretativista de análisis de las políticas públicas, tratando de esbozar algunas conclusiones en cuanto a su aplicación en la política pública frente al desplazamiento forzado en Colombia. Para lograr este propósito la ponencia está dividida en tres partes. La primera comprenderá una propuesta sobre la reconceptualización de las políticas públicas; la segunda tratará el paso de enfoques tecnocráticos de análisis de políticas públicas a propuestas postempiricistas como Elinor Ostrom y su modelo Institucional Analysis Development (IAD; Paul Sabatier y el Advocacy Coalitions Framework, y finalmente el análisis de discurso a partir del enfoque interpretativista de Frank Fischer; la tercera parte serán conclusiones frente a las implicaciones teóricas y metodológicas de nuevos enfoques de análisis de política pública frente al desplazamiento forzado en Colombia.

Clinical application of the amplatzer vascular plug in the embolization of vascular malformations associated with congenital heart diseasee

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pan Xin; Wang Cheng; Lu Jing; Wu Weihua; Fang Weiyi

2009-01-01

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transcatheter embolization by using Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) for the treatment of vascular malformations associated with congenital heart diseases. Methods: During the period of June 2006-June 2008, 12 patients with congenital heart disease accompanied by vascular malformations received transcatheter occlusion of the anomalous vessels with AVP. The vascular malformations included solitary or multiple saccular pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (n = 7), coronary artery fistula (n = 2) and major aortopulmonary collaterals concomitant with severe Fallot' s tetralogy (n = 3). All patients were screened with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and thoracic CT angiography (CTA), and all the diagnoses were confirmed by routine cardioangiography. Results: Transcatheter occlusion of vascular malformations with AVP was successfully accomplished in all 12 patients. An angiographic check immediately after the procedure showed that complete occlusion was obtained in all patients and no embolism,migration or residual shunt were seen. Sixteen anomalous vessels were occluded. The mean internal diameter of these vessels was (5.2 ± 1.9) mm,while the mean diameter of AVP used was (9.2 ± 2.4) mm. After the operation (mean 3 months), the follow-up echocardiography and/or thoracic CT angiography showed that in all patients the occlusion remained in satisfactory condition and no residual shunt was found. Conclusions: Percutaneous transcatheter closure of congenital vascular malformations with AVP is technically feasible and clinically effective, this treatment can markedly improve patient's living quality and it is well worth extending its clinical application. (authors)

PET/CT and vascular disease: Current concepts

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavalcanti Filho, Jose Leite Gondim; Souza Leao Lima, Ronaldo de [CDPI and Multi-Imagem Clinics, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Souza Machado Neto, Luiz de [CDPI and Multi-Imagem Clinics, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Kayat Bittencourt, Leonardo, E-mail: lkayat@terra.com.br [CDPI and Multi-Imagem Clinics, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Cortes Domingues, Romeu [CDPI and Multi-Imagem Clinics, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Fonseca, Lea Mirian Barbosa da [CDPI and Multi-Imagem Clinics, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil); Department of Radiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)

2011-10-15

Since its introduction in 2001, positron emission tomography associated to computed tomography (PET/CT) has been established as a standard tool in cancer evaluation. Being a multimodality imaging method, it combines in a single session the sensitivity granted by PET for detection of molecular targets within the picomolar range, with an underlying submilimetric resolution inherent to CT, that can precisely localize the PET findings. In this last decade, there have been new insights regarding the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, particularly about plaque rupture and vascular remodeling. This has increased the interest for research on PET/CT in vascular diseases as a potential new diagnostic tool, since some PET molecular targets could identify diseases before the manifestation of gross anatomic features. In this review, we will describe the current applications of PET/CT in vascular diseases, emphasizing its usefulness in the settings of vasculitis, aneurysms, vascular graft infection, aortic dissection, and atherosclerosis/plaque vulnerability. Although not being properly peripheral vascular conditions, ischemic cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease will be briefly addressed as well, due to their widespread prevalence and importance.

Arteriographic evaluation, in the perispheric vascular trauma

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Patino, Jairo Hernando; Granados, Ana Maria; Lopera B, Jorge; Prada W, Angela Maria

1993-01-01

136 patients were angiographically studied under the suspicion of perispheric vascular lesion submitted to the radiology department of the San Vicente de Paul University Hospital (H.U.S.VP.) Medellin Colombia. The majority of the patients were young with wounds caused by gunshots (79.4%). the must frequent angiographic indication was the proximity of the wound to a vascular path (44.5%). 63% of the patients with angiography indicative of abnormality needed surgery from which 21% were because of the proximity of the wound to a vascular path and 76% because of the mayor findings when admitted to the hospital. the possible complications as a result of the angiographic procedure were revised only find inc two mayor reactions to the contrast media. there were no late complications. Angiography is highlighting sensitive (100%) specific (98.5%) and secure in the evaluation of patients with perispheric vascular trauma. Due to the high number of false negatives when the physical examination is performed, every patient with a wound near a vascular path must be evaluated angiographically

Vascular complications of prosthetic inter-vertebral discs.

Science.gov (United States)

Daly, Kevin J; Ross, E Raymond S; Norris, Heather; McCollum, Charles N

2006-10-01

Five consecutive cases of prosthetic inter-vertebral disc displacement with severe vascular complications on revisional surgery are described. The objective of this case report is to warn spinal surgeons that major vascular complications are likely with anterior displacement of inter-vertebral discs. We have not been able to find a previous report on vascular complications associated with anterior displacement of prosthetic inter-vertebral discs. In all five patients the prosthetic disc had eroded into the bifurcation of the inferior vena cava and the left common iliac vein. In three cases the aortic bifurcation was also involved. The fibrosis was so severe that dissecting out the arteries and veins to provide access to the relevant disc proved impossible. Formal division of the left common iliac vein and artery with subsequent repair was our solution. Anterior inter-vertebral disc displacement was associated with severe vascular injury. Preventing anterior disc displacement is essential in disc design. In the event of anterior displacement, disc removal should be planned with a Vascular Surgeon.

Vascular Adventitia Calcification and Its Underlying Mechanism.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Na Li

Full Text Available Previous research on vascular calcification has mainly focused on the vascular intima and media. However, we show here that vascular calcification may also occur in the adventitia. The purpose of this work is to help elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms underlying vascular calcification. The calcified lesions were examined by Von Kossa staining in ApoE-/- mice which were fed high fat diets (HFD for 48 weeks and human subjects aged 60 years and older that had died of coronary heart disease, heart failure or acute renal failure. Explant cultured fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells (SMCswere obtained from rat adventitia and media, respectively. After calcification induction, cells were collected for Alizarin Red S staining. Calcified lesions were observed in the aorta adventitia and coronary artery adventitia of ApoE-/-mice, as well as in the aorta adventitia of human subjects examined. Explant culture of fibroblasts, the primary cell type comprising the adventitia, was successfully induced for calcification after incubation with TGF-β1 (20 ng/ml + mineralization media for 4 days, and the phenotype conversion vascular adventitia fibroblasts into myofibroblasts was identified. Culture of SMCs, which comprise only a small percentage of all cells in the adventitia, in calcifying medium for 14 days resulted in significant calcification.Vascular calcification can occur in the adventitia. Adventitia calcification may arise from the fibroblasts which were transformed into myofibroblasts or smooth muscle cells.

ALGUNOS APORTES DEL ENFOQUE INCRUSTADO DE LAS CIENCIAS COGNITIVAS A LAS CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Maria Inês Silenzi

2012-05-01

Full Text Available Las Ciencias Cognitivas se constituyen como un espacio construido pordistintas disciplinas cuyos aportes provienen desde la neurociencias, laepistemología, la psicología, la filosofía, la antropología, y la lingüística,entre otras. Ahora bien, cada una de las disciplinas que configuran a lasCiencias Cognitivas intenta responder a la pregunta qué es la mente desdesu propio interés específico. Frente a esta misma intencionalidad, explicarla cognición, se postulan distintas respuestas, las cuales pueden ubicarse, demanera muy general, dentro del  enfoque clásico o dentro del enfoqueincrustado   de las Ciencias Cognitivas.Algunos conceptos como  enseñanza situada, aprendizaje situado,instrucción anclada, cognición situada   y cognición distribuida, entreotros, son producto de la combinación de algunos nuevos aportes teóricos,provenientes particularmente del enfoque incrustado de las CienciasCognitivas, con el ámbito educativo. Creemos necesario poner en cuestión siel análisis de estos conceptos, atendiendo a la relevancia del entorno queéstos promueven, dan cuenta, o no, del impacto teórico del enfoqueincrustado de las Ciencias Cognitivas dentro del ámbito educativo.En el presente trabajo proponemos la reflexión epistemológica sobre larelevancia del contexto en las prácticas educativas, considerando al enfoqueincrustado de las Ciencias Cognitivas como un andamiaje teórico, adecuadoy significativo para su análisis. Tal vez, a partir del renovado análisis teóricoque las Ciencias Cognitivas nos ofrecen, podemos reconsiderar nuestraspropuestas educativas en donde el aprendizaje se encuentradescontextualizado y aislado promoviendo, contrariamente, la interaccióndel alumno con su contexto inmediato.

IMAGENES EN ANOMALIAS ANORECTALES

OpenAIRE

Moënne B, Karla

2003-01-01

Las malformaciones anorectales incluyen una amplia variedad de anomalías, de grados variables de complejidad, que con frecuencia se presentan asociadas a otras malformaciones: genitourinarias, espinales, cardíacas, esofágicas y de la pared abdominal entre las más habituales. Las imágenes diagnósticas tienen un importante rol en el estudio de estos pacientes, que está orientado a demostrar adecuadamente la anatomía de la malformación y, por otra parte, precisar la existencia de anomalías asoci...

Brain Arterial Diameters as a Risk Factor for Vascular Events.

Science.gov (United States)

Gutierrez, Jose; Cheung, Ken; Bagci, Ahmet; Rundek, Tatjana; Alperin, Noam; Sacco, Ralph L; Wright, Clinton B; Elkind, Mitchell S V

2015-08-06

Arterial luminal diameters are routinely used to assess for vascular disease. Although small diameters are typically considered pathological, arterial dilatation has also been associated with disease. We hypothesize that extreme arterial diameters are biomarkers of the risk of vascular events. Participants in the Northern Manhattan Study who had a time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography were included in this analysis (N=1034). A global arterial Z-score, called the brain arterial remodeling (BAR) score, was obtained by averaging the measured diameters within each individual. Individuals with a BAR score -2 and 2 SDs had the largest diameters. All vascular events were recorded prospectively after the brain magnetic resonance imaging. Spline curves and incidence rates were used to test our hypothesis. The association of the BAR score with death (P=0.001), vascular death (P=0.02), any vascular event (P=0.05), and myocardial infarction (P=0.10) was U-shaped except for ischemic stroke (P=0.74). Consequently, incidence rates for death, vascular death, myocardial infarction, and any vascular event were higher in individuals with the largest diameters, whereas individuals with the smallest diameters had a higher incidence of death, vascular death, any vascular event, and ischemic stroke compared with individuals with average diameters. The risk of death, vascular death, and any vascular event increased at both extremes of brain arterial diameters. The pathophysiology linking brain arterial remodeling to systemic vascular events needs further research. © 2015 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

Peritoneal vascular density assessment using narrow-band imaging and vascular analysis software, and cytokine analysis in women with and without endometriosis.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuroda, Keiji; Kitade, Mari; Kikuchi, Iwaho; Kumakiri, Jun; Matsuoka, Shozo; Kuroda, Masako; Takeda, Satoru

2010-01-01

The development and onset of endometriosis is associated with angiogenesis and angiogenic factors including cytokines. We analyzed intrapelvic conditions in women with endometriosis via vascular density assessment of grossly normal peritoneum and determination of cytokine levels in peritoneal fluid. Seventy-three patients underwent laparoscopic surgery because of gynecologic disease including endometriosis in our department using a narrow-band imaging system. Each patient was analyzed for peritoneal vascular density using commercially available vascular analysis software (SolemioENDO ProStudy; Olympus Corp, Tokyo, Japan). Each patient was also subjected to analysis of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations in peritoneal fluid. We defined 4 groups as follows: group 1, endometriosis: gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist administration group (n=27); group 2, endometriosis: GnRH agonist nonadministration group (n=15); group 3, no endometriosis: GnRH agonist administration group (n=18); and group 4, no endometriosis: GnRH agonist nonadministration group (n=13). No significant differences in peritoneal vascular density between the 4 groups were found under conventional light; however, under narrow-band light, vascular density in the endometriosis groups (groups 1 and 2) was significantly higher. Cytokine analysis of the 4 groups determined that IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations were significantly higher compared with the no endometriosis groups (groups 3 and 4). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations were not significantly different between groups. In endometriosis, peritoneal vascular density was significantly higher as assessed using the narrow-band imaging system and SolemioENDO ProStudy, whereas GnRH agonist did not obviously decrease vascular density but IL-6 concentration was lower in the GnRH agonist administration group. Copyright (c) 2010 AAGL

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor gemigliptin protects against vascular calcification in an experimental chronic kidney disease and vascular smooth muscle cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Soon-Youn Choi

Full Text Available Although dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, a class of antidiabetic drugs, have various pleiotropic effects, it remains undetermined whether gemigliptin has a beneficial effect on vascular calcification. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the effect of gemigliptin on vascular calcification in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Gemigliptin attenuated calcification of abdominal aorta and expression of RUNX2 in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease rats. In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells, phosphate-induced increase in calcium content was reduced by gemigliptin. Gemigliptin reduced phosphate-induced PiT-1 mRNA expression, reactive oxygen species generation, and NADPH oxidase mRNA expression (p22phox and NOX4. The reduction of oxidative stress by gemigliptin was associated with the downregulation of phospho-PI3K/AKT expression. High phosphate increased the expression of frizzled-3 (FDZ3 and decreased the expression of dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK-1 in the Wnt pathway. These changes were attenuated by gemigliptin treatment. Gemigliptin restored the decreased expression of vascular smooth muscle cells markers (α-SMA and SM22α and increased expression of osteogenic makers (CBFA1, OSX, E11, and SOST induced by phosphate. In conclusion, gemigliptin attenuated vascular calcification and osteogenic trans-differentiation in vascular smooth muscle cells via multiple steps including downregulation of PiT-1 expression and suppression of reactive oxygen species generation, phospho-PI3K/AKT, and the Wnt signaling pathway.

Vascular function in health, hypertension, and diabetes

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nyberg, Michael Permin; Gliemann, Lasse; Hellsten, Ylva

2015-01-01

muscle, which can affect muscle function. Central aspects in the vascular impairments are alterations in the formation of prostacyclin, the bioavailability of NO and an increased formation of vasoconstrictors and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Regular physical activity effectively improves vascular......, the increase in muscle blood flow required for oxygen supply during exercise is achieved through a substantial increase in vasodilators locally formed in the active muscle tissue that overcome the vasoconstrictor signals. Most of the vasodilator signals are mediated via endothelial cells, which lead...... to the formation of vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin. In essential hypertension and type II diabetes, the endothelial function and regulation of vascular tone is impaired with consequent increases in peripheral vascular resistance and inadequate regulation of oxygen supply to the skeletal...

[Localized purpura revealing vascular prosthetic graft infection].

Science.gov (United States)

Boureau, A S; Lescalie, F; Cassagnau, E; Clairand, R; Connault, J

2013-07-01

Prosthetic graft infection after vascular reconstruction is a rare but serious complication. We report a case of infection occurring late after implantation of an iliofemoral prosthetic vascular graft. The Staphylococcus aureus infection was revealed by vascular purpura localized on the right leg 7 years after implantation of a vascular prosthesis. This case illustrates an uncommonly late clinical manifestation presenting as an acute infection 7 years after the primary operation. In this situation, the presentation differs from early infection, which generally occurs within the first four postoperative months. Diagnosis and treatment remain a difficult challenge because prosthetic graft infection is a potentially life-threatening complication. Morbidity and mortality rates are high. Here we detail specific aspects of the clinical and radiological presentation. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Interleukin-19 in Vascular Disease

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ross N. England

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Despite aggressive dietary modification, lipid-lowering medications, and other interventional medical therapy, vascular disease continues to be a leading cause of mortality in the western world. It is a significant medical and socioeconomic problem contributing to mortality of multiple diseases including myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Morbidity and mortality of vascular disease are expected to worsen with the increasing number of patients with comorbid conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus type 2. Vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, restenosis, and allograft vasculopathy are recognized to be driven by inflammation, and as such, cytokines which mediate inflammation not only represent important targets of rational therapy, but also can be considered as possible therapeutic modalities themselves. In this paper, we will examine the role of inflammatory cytokines and lymphocyte Th1/Th2 polarity in vascular inflammation, with a focus on atherosclerotic vascular disease. We will then introduce a recently described Th2 interleukin, interleukin-19 (IL-19, as a previously unrecognized mediator of vascular inflammatory disorders. We will review our current understanding of this interleukin in health and disease and present the possibility that IL-19 could represent a potential therapeutic to combat vascular inflammatory disease.

Vascular cognitive impairment

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

N.V. Vakhnina

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Vascular pathology of the brain is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment after Alzheimer's disease. The article describes the modern concepts of etiology, pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features and approaches to diagnosis and therapy of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI. Cerebrovascular accident, chronic cerebral circulatory insufficiency and their combination, sometimes in combination with a concomitant neurodegenerative process, are shown to be the major types of brain lesions leading to VCI. The clinical presentation of VCI is characterized by the neuropsychological status dominated by impairment of the executive frontal functions (planning, control, attention in combination with focal neurological symptoms. The diagnosis is based on comparing of the revealed neuropsychological and neurological features with neuroimaging data. Neurometabolic, acetylcholinergic, glutamatergic, and other vasoactive drugs and non-pharmacological methods are widely used to treat VCI. 

Vascular neurology nurse practitioner provision of telemedicine consultations.

Science.gov (United States)

Demaerschalk, Bart M; Kiernan, Terri-Ellen J; Investigators, Starr

2010-01-01

Objective. The objective was to define and evaluate a role for the Vascular Neurology-Nurse Practitioner (VN-NP) in the delivery of telemedicine consultations in partnership with a vascular neurologist. Methods. Prospective stroke alert patients at participating hospitals underwent a two-way audio video telemedicine consultation with a VN-NP at a remotely located stroke center in partnership with a vascular neurologist. Demographic information, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, diagnoses, CT contraindications to thrombolysis, thrombolysis eligibility, and time interval data were collected. The inter-rater agreement between VN-NP and vascular neurologist assessments was calculated. Results. Ten patients were evaluated. Four were determined to have ischemic stroke, one had a transient ischemic attack, two had intracerebral hemorrhages, and three were stroke mimics. Overall, three patients received thrombolysis. The inter-rater agreement between VN-NP and vascular neurologist assessments were excellent, ranging from 0.9 to 1.0. The duration of VN-NP consultation was 53.2 +/- 9.0 minutes, which included the vascular neurologist supervisory evaluation time of 12.0 +/- 9.6 minutes. Conclusion. This study illustrated that a stroke center VN-NP, in partnership with a vascular neurologist, could deliver timely telemedicine consultations, accurate diagnoses, and correct treatments in acute stroke patients who presented to remotely located rural emergency departments within a hub and spoke network. VN-NPs may fulfill the role of a telestroke provider.

Structural and functional imaging for vascular targeted photodynamic therapy

Science.gov (United States)

Li, Buhong; Gu, Ying; Wilson, Brian C.

2017-02-01

Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy (V-PDT) has been widely used for the prevention or treatment of vascular-related diseases, such as localized prostate cancer, wet age-related macular degeneration, port wine stains, esophageal varices and bleeding gastrointestinal mucosal lesions. In this study, the fundamental mechanisms of vascular responses during and after V-PDT will be introduced. Based on the V-PDT treatment of blood vessels in dorsal skinfold window chamber model, the structural and functional imaging, which including white light microscopy, laser speckle imaging, singlet oxygen luminescence imaging, and fluorescence imaging for evaluating vascular damage will be presented, respectively. The results indicate that vessel constriction and blood flow dynamics could be considered as the crucial biomarkers for quantitative evaluation of vascular damage. In addition, future perspectives of non-invasive optical imaging for evaluating vascular damage of V-PDT will be discussed.

Cell sheet engineering using the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue as a vascularization strategy

OpenAIRE

Costa, M.; Cerqueira, Mariana Teixeira; Santos, T. C.; Marques, Belém Sampaio; Ludovico, Paula; Marques, A. P.; Pirraco, Rogério P.; Reis, R. L.

2017-01-01

Current vascularization strategies for Tissue Engineering constructs, in particular cell sheet-based, are limited by time-consuming and expensive endothelial cell isolation and/or by the complexity of using extrinsic growth factors. Herein, we propose an alternative strategy using angiogenic cell sheets (CS) obtained from the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue that can be incorporated into more complex constructs. Cells from the SVF were cultured in normoxic and hypoxic conditi...

Genetic Regulation of Vascular Development: Building the Zebrafish Vascular Tree

NARCIS (Netherlands)

R.L.J.M. Herpers (Robert)

2010-01-01

textabstractThe extensive networks of blood and lymphatic vessels within the vertebrate body are essential for the transport and delivery of fluids, gases, macromolecules and cells, and play important roles in facilitating immune responses. The development of the vascular tree requires a highly

Luteolin Ameliorates Hypertensive Vascular Remodeling through Inhibiting the Proliferation and Migration of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jie Su

2015-01-01

Full Text Available Objectives. Preliminary researches showed that luteolin was used to treat hypertension. However, it is still unclear whether luteolin has effect on the hypertensive complication such as vascular remodeling. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of luteolin on the hypertensive vascular remodeling and its molecular mechanism. Method and Results. We evaluated the effect of luteolin on aorta thickening of hypertension in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs and found that luteolin could significantly decrease the blood pressure and media thickness of aorta in vivo. Luteolin could inhibit angiotensin II- (Ang II- induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs. Dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA staining result showed that luteolin reduced Ang II-stimulated ROS production in VSMCs. Furthermore, western blot and gelatin zymography results showed that luteolin treatment leaded to a decrease in ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p38, MMP2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA protein level. Conclusion. These data support that luteolin can ameliorate hypertensive vascular remodeling by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of Ang II-induced VSMCs. Its mechanism is mediated by the regulation of MAPK signaling pathway and the production of ROS.

Vascular plugs - A key companion to Interventionists - 'Just Plug it'.

Science.gov (United States)

Ramakrishnan, Sivasubramanian

2015-01-01

Vascular plugs are ideally suited to close extra-cardiac, high flowing vascular communications. The family of vascular plugs has expanded. Vascular plugs in general have a lower profile and the newer variants can be delivered even through a diagnostic catheter. These features make them versatile and easy to use. The Amplatzer vascular plugs are also used for closing intracardiac defects including coronary arterio-venous fistula and paravalvular leakage in an off-label fashion. In this review, the features of currently available vascular plugs are reviewed along with tips and tricks of using them in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Fetal origin of vascular aging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Shailesh Pitale

2011-01-01

Full Text Available Aging is increasingly regarded as an independent risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension and their complications (e.g. MI and Stroke. It is well known that vascular disease evolve over decades with progressive accumulation of cellular and extracellular materials and many inflammatory processes. Metabolic syndrome, obesity and diabetes are conventionally recognized as risk factors for development of coronary vascular disease (CVD. These conditions are known to accelerate ageing process in general and vascular ageing in particular. Adverse events during intrauterine life may programme organ growth and favour disease later in life, popularly known as, ′Barker′s Hypothesis′. The notion of fetal programming implies that during critical periods of prenatal growth, changes in the hormonal and nutritional milieu of the conceptus may alter the full expression of the fetal genome, leading to permanent effects on a range of physiological.

Enfoques de Aprendizaje en Estudiantes Universitarios Argentinos según el R-SPQ-2F: Análisis de sus Propiedades Psicométricas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

AGUSTÍN FREIBERG HOFFMANN

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Se presenta la adaptación del Cuestionario Re visado de Procesos de Estudio, Dos Factores R - SPQ -2 F , que evalúa enfoques de aprendizaje, para su uso en población estudiantil universitaria argentina. Tres ju eces expertos examinaron aspectos de validez de contenido y 20 estudiantes evaluaron la adecuación lingüística y las evidencias de validez aparente. Se recogieron, además, dos muestras independientes para analizar evidencias de validez de constructo: 204 estudiantes de 18 a 36 años ( M =23.57, DE = 3.67 para el estudio factorial exploratorio y de consiste ncia interna, y 528 alumnos de entre 17 y 36 años ( M =22.50, DE = 3.73 para el análisis factor ial confirmatorio, que comparó tres modelos, mediante el método de máxima verosimilitud robusto. El es tudio de confiabilidad test-retest incluyó 19 educandos. Los resultados indican mejor ajuste del modelo de dos factores, que representa los enfoques de aprendizaje profundo y superficial. Se discuten los hall azgos a la luz de la teoría y de implicaciones prácticas.

Un nuevo enfoque de la lectura musical. Análisis literario, musical y didáctico del cuento Mi madre la Oca

OpenAIRE

María Isabel de Vicente-Yagüe Jara

2014-01-01

Nuestra experiencia docente en las aulas de diferentes niveles educativos nos alerta de la urgente necesidad de replantearnos nuevos enfoques de lectura. Consideramos que los esquemas narrativos tradicionales deben ser enriquecidos y actualizados por medio de diversos códigos que pretendan un motivador acercamiento al hecho literario, iniciativa ya tomada por ciertas colecciones de cuentos a través de una innovadora propuesta musical. En este sentido, an...

Graph analysis of cell clusters forming vascular networks

Science.gov (United States)

Alves, A. P.; Mesquita, O. N.; Gómez-Gardeñes, J.; Agero, U.

2018-03-01

This manuscript describes the experimental observation of vasculogenesis in chick embryos by means of network analysis. The formation of the vascular network was observed in the area opaca of embryos from 40 to 55 h of development. In the area opaca endothelial cell clusters self-organize as a primitive and approximately regular network of capillaries. The process was observed by bright-field microscopy in control embryos and in embryos treated with Bevacizumab (Avastin), an antibody that inhibits the signalling of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The sequence of images of the vascular growth were thresholded, and used to quantify the forming network in control and Avastin-treated embryos. This characterization is made by measuring vessels density, number of cell clusters and the largest cluster density. From the original images, the topology of the vascular network was extracted and characterized by means of the usual network metrics such as: the degree distribution, average clustering coefficient, average short path length and assortativity, among others. This analysis allows to monitor how the largest connected cluster of the vascular network evolves in time and provides with quantitative evidence of the disruptive effects that Avastin has on the tree structure of vascular networks.

Vascular Remodelling and Mesenchymal Transition in Systemic Sclerosis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Pier Andrea Nicolosi

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Fibrosis of the skin and of internal organs, autoimmunity, and vascular inflammation are hallmarks of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc. The injury and activation of endothelial cells, with hyperplasia of the intima and eventual obliteration of the vascular lumen, are early features of SSc. Reduced capillary blood flow coupled with deficient angiogenesis leads to chronic hypoxia and tissue ischemia, enforcing a positive feed-forward loop sustaining vascular remodelling, further exacerbated by extracellular matrix accumulation due to fibrosis. Despite numerous developments and a growing number of controlled clinical trials no treatment has been shown so far to alter SSc natural history, outlining the need of further investigation in the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. We review some processes potentially involved in SSc vasculopathy, with attention to the possible effect of sustained vascular inflammation on the plasticity of vascular cells. Specifically we focus on mesenchymal transition, a key phenomenon in the cardiac and vascular development as well as in the remodelling of injured vessels. Recent work supports the role of transforming growth factor-beta, Wnt, and Notch signaling in these processes. Importantly, endothelial-mesenchymal transition may be reversible, possibly offering novel cues for treatment.

HACIENDO EL BARRIO UN LUGAR MEJOR PARA VIVIR. UN ENFOQUE DE BIENESTAR SUBJETIVO APLICANDO LAS NECESIDADES HUMANAS FUNDAMENTALES

OpenAIRE

Papachristou, Ioanna Anna; Rosas Casals, Martí

2015-01-01

Los estudios del bienestar subjetivo (SWB han estado en el centro de atención scientífica en los últimos años. Con la mayoría de las personas viviendo ahora en ciudades, la necesidad de un enfoque más antropocéntrico para el estudio y la mejora de los entornos urbanos es cadavez mayor. En este sentido, definir y medir el bienestar subjetivo en contextos urbanos puede ser especialmente beneficioso en los procesos de diseño y planificación urbana. En este artículo, se presenta un método para me...

CONVERSIÓN E IDENTIDAD EN EL BUDISMO ZEN ARGENTINO. UN ENFOQUE ETNOGRÁFICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catón Carini

2015-04-01

Full Text Available En el artículo exploramos el proceso de conversión experimentado por los miembros de grupos budistas zen argentinos a partir de un enfoque etnográfico. En primer lugar, efectuamos un breve recorrido por las distintas formas en que se ha concebido la conversión desde la perspectiva de las ciencias de la religión a fin de situar la inquisición dentro de un marco conceptual apropiado. En segundo lugar, transcribimos algunos fragmentos de entrevistas que ilustran la diversidad de formas en que nuestros interlocutores comienzan su tránsito religioso hacia esta religión. Finalmente, a la luz de la información anterior determinamos los factores que propician la llegada de nuevos practicantes a los centros budistas, establecemos las principales etapas de su proceso de conversión y analizamos la relación entre movilidad religiosa y cambios en la identidad individual.

Vascular ring complicates accidental button battery ingestion.

Science.gov (United States)

Mercer, Ronald W; Schwartz, Matthew C; Stephany, Joshua; Donnelly, Lane F; Franciosi, James P; Epelman, Monica

2015-01-01

Button battery ingestion can lead to dangerous complications, including vasculoesophageal fistula formation. The presence of a vascular ring may complicate battery ingestion if the battery lodges at the level of the ring and its important vascular structures. We report a 4-year-old boy with trisomy 21 who was diagnosed with a vascular ring at the time of button battery ingestion and died 9 days after presentation due to massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding from esophageal erosion and vasculoesophageal fistula formation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Magnetic resonance imaging of pediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Navarro, Oscar M.

2016-01-01

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can be used in the management of pediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies for diagnosing and assessing extent of lesions and for evaluating response to therapy. MR imaging studies often involve a combination of T1- and T2-weighted images in addition to MR angiography and fat-suppressed post-contrast sequences. The MR imaging features of these vascular anomalies when combined with clinical findings can aid in diagnosis. In cases of complex vascular malformations and syndromes associated with vascular anomalies, MR imaging can be used to evaluate accompanying soft-tissue and bone anomalies. This article reviews the MR imaging protocols and appearances of the most common pediatric soft-tissue vascular anomalies. (orig.)

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement and vascular complications definitions.

Science.gov (United States)

Van Mieghem, Nicolas M; Généreux, Philippe; van der Boon, Robert M A; Kodali, Susheel; Head, Stuart; Williams, Matthew; Daneault, Benoit; Kappetein, Arie-Pieter; de Jaegere, Peter P; Leon, Martin B; Serruys, Patrick W

2014-03-20

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) requires large calibre catheters and is therefore associated with increased vascular complications. The aim of this study was to illustrate the impact of the different definitions of major vascular complications on their incidence and to underscore the importance of uniform reporting. We pooled dedicated databases of consecutive patients undergoing TAVR from two tertiary care facilities and looked for the incidence of major vascular complications using various previously reported definitions. The level of agreement (Kappa statistic) between the respective definitions and the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC) consensus definition of vascular complications was assessed. A total of 345 consecutive patients underwent transfemoral TAVR and were included in this analysis. A completely percutaneous access and closure technique was applied in 96% of cases. Arterial sheath size ranged between 18 and 24 Fr, the majority being 18 Fr (60%). Procedural success was reached in 94.5%. Depending on the definition used, major vascular complications occurred in 5.2-15.9% of patients. According to the VARC definitions, the rate of major and minor vascular complications was 9.0% and 9.6%, respectively. Major vascular complications according to VARC criteria demonstrated at least a substantial level of agreement with the SOURCE registry (k 0.80), the UK registry (k 0.82) the Italian registry (k 0.72) and "FRANCE" registry (k 0.70) definitions, compared to a moderate level of agreement with the definitions used in the German registry ( 0.47) and the 18 Fr Safety and Efficacy study (k 0.42). Minor complications according to VARC demonstrated a moderate agreement only with vascular complications using the German registry definition (k 0.54). Non-uniformity in how vascular complications are defined precludes any reliable comparison between previously reported TAVR registries. The VARC consensus document offers standardised endpoint

VASCULAR SURGERY

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2016-06-02

Jun 2, 2016 ... with the literature from South Africa over the last four decades, and reflects the high rate of interpersonal violence in the country.14,15 As expected, cervical ... via the intact circle of Willis in young patients is the most likely explanation for the lack of strokes. Five patients were referred to the Durban vascular ...

Vinpocetine Attenuates the Osteoblastic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yun-Yun Ma

Full Text Available Vascular calcification is an active process of osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells; however, its definite mechanism remains unknown. Vinpocetine, a derivative of the alkaloid vincamine, has been demonstrated to inhibit the high glucose-induced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells; however, it remains unknown whether vinpocetine can affect the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. We hereby investigated the effect of vinpocetine on vascular calcification using a beta-glycerophosphate-induced cell model. Our results showed that vinpocetine significantly reduced the osteoblast-like phenotypes of vascular smooth muscle cells including ALP activity, osteocalcin, collagen type I, Runx2 and BMP-2 expression as well as the formation of mineralized nodule. Vinpocetine, binding to translocation protein, induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase and Akt and thus inhibited the translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B into the nucleus. Silencing of translocator protein significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect of vinpocetine on osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Taken together, vinpocetine may be a promising candidate for the clinical therapy of vascular calcification.

Vascular Neurology Nurse Practitioner Provision of Telemedicine Consultations

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Bart M. Demaerschalk

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Objective. The objective was to define and evaluate a role for the Vascular Neurology-Nurse Practitioner (VN-NP in the delivery of telemedicine consultations in partnership with a vascular neurologist. Methods. Prospective stroke alert patients at participating hospitals underwent a two-way audio video telemedicine consultation with a VN-NP at a remotely located stroke center in partnership with a vascular neurologist. Demographic information, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS scores, diagnoses, CT contraindications to thrombolysis, thrombolysis eligibility, and time interval data were collected. The inter-rater agreement between VN-NP and vascular neurologist assessments was calculated. Results. Ten patients were evaluated. Four were determined to have ischemic stroke, one had a transient ischemic attack, two had intracerebral hemorrhages, and three were stroke mimics. Overall, three patients received thrombolysis. The inter-rater agreement between VN-NP and vascular neurologist assessments were excellent, ranging from 0.9 to 1.0. The duration of VN-NP consultation was 53.2±9.0 minutes, which included the vascular neurologist supervisory evaluation time of 12.0±9.6 minutes. Conclusion. This study illustrated that a stroke center VN-NP, in partnership with a vascular neurologist, could deliver timely telemedicine consultations, accurate diagnoses, and correct treatments in acute stroke patients who presented to remotely located rural emergency departments within a hub and spoke network. VN-NPs may fulfill the role of a telestroke provider.

Hermenéutica y Ciencias Sociales: a propósito del vínculo entre la interpretación de la narración de Paul Ricoeur y el enfoque de investigación biográfico-narrativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rodrigo Moreno Aponte

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aborda la relación entre la hermenéutica y las ciencias humanas. En la introducción presentamos el panorama de heterogeneidad de conceptos, planteamientos y posturas críticas acerca de la primera. Ante este escenario, donde la hermenéutica está en revisión y construcción constante, el escrito se focaliza en sustentar cómo se relacionan las ideas de uno de los grandes referentes de la hermenéutica, Paul Ricoeur, con el enfoque de investigación cualitativa biográfica-narrativa. Para tal fin, dividimos el texto en cuatro partes. En principio, por medio de las ideas del filósofo francés, exponemos cómo las características del texto escrito y los elementos que lo hacen susceptible de ser interpretado se pueden llevar a la acción humana, y por ende, a la investigación que es propia de las ciencias humanas. En segundo lugar, presentamos las características esenciales del enfoque biográfico-narrativo, por medio de las diferencias respecto al enfoque biográfico. En la tercera parte, traemos las ideas de Ricoeur acerca de la narración, a la vez que las vinculamos con el enfoque de investigación cualitativa en el que se centra este escrito. Finalmente, planteamos las conclusiones.

Beta-blocker use and clinical outcomes after primary vascular surgery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Høgh, A.; Lindholt, J.S.; Nielsen, Henrik

2013-01-01

To explore the associations between beta-blocker use and clinical outcomes (death, hospitalisation with myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, major amputation and recurrent vascular surgery) after primary vascular reconstruction.......To explore the associations between beta-blocker use and clinical outcomes (death, hospitalisation with myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, major amputation and recurrent vascular surgery) after primary vascular reconstruction....

The vascular basement membrane in the healthy and pathological brain.

Science.gov (United States)

Thomsen, Maj S; Routhe, Lisa J; Moos, Torben

2017-10-01

The vascular basement membrane contributes to the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs). The BCECs receive support from pericytes embedded in the vascular basement membrane and from astrocyte endfeet. The vascular basement membrane forms a three-dimensional protein network predominantly composed of laminin, collagen IV, nidogen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans that mutually support interactions between BCECs, pericytes, and astrocytes. Major changes in the molecular composition of the vascular basement membrane are observed in acute and chronic neuropathological settings. In the present review, we cover the significance of the vascular basement membrane in the healthy and pathological brain. In stroke, loss of BBB integrity is accompanied by upregulation of proteolytic enzymes and degradation of vascular basement membrane proteins. There is yet no causal relationship between expression or activity of matrix proteases and the degradation of vascular matrix proteins in vivo. In Alzheimer's disease, changes in the vascular basement membrane include accumulation of Aβ, composite changes, and thickening. The physical properties of the vascular basement membrane carry the potential of obstructing drug delivery to the brain, e.g. thickening of the basement membrane can affect drug delivery to the brain, especially the delivery of nanoparticles.

Nanotechnology in vascular tissue engineering: from nanoscaffolding towards rapid vessel biofabrication.

Science.gov (United States)

Mironov, Vladimir; Kasyanov, Vladimir; Markwald, Roger R

2008-06-01

The existing methods of biofabrication for vascular tissue engineering are still bioreactor-based, extremely expensive, laborious and time consuming and, furthermore, not automated, which would be essential for an economically successful large-scale commercialization. The advances in nanotechnology can bring additional functionality to vascular scaffolds, optimize internal vascular graft surface and even help to direct the differentiation of stem cells into the vascular cell phenotype. The development of rapid nanotechnology-based methods of vascular tissue biofabrication represents one of most important recent technological breakthroughs in vascular tissue engineering because it dramatically accelerates vascular tissue assembly and, importantly, also eliminates the need for a bioreactor-based scaffold cellularization process.

S.E. Mitchell Vascular Anomalies Flow Chart (SEMVAFC): A visual pathway combining clinical and imaging findings for classification of soft-tissue vascular anomalies

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tekes, A.; Koshy, J.; Kalayci, T.O.; Puttgen, K.; Cohen, B.; Redett, R.; Mitchell, S.E.

2014-01-01

Classification of vascular anomalies (VAs) is challenging due to overlapping clinical symptoms, confusing terminology in the literature and unfamiliarity with this complex entity. It is important to recognize that VAs include two distinct entities, vascular tumours (VTs) and vascular malformations (VaMs). In this article, we describe SE Mitchell Vascular Anomalies Flow Chart (SEMVAFC), which arises from a multidisciplinary approach that incorporates clinical symptoms, physical examination and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings to establish International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA)-based classification of the VAs. SEMVAFC provides a clear visual pathway for physicians to accurately diagnose Vas, which is important as treatment, management, and prognosis differ between VTs and VaMs

[Thrombosis in vascular accesses for haemodialysis: rescue treatment using invasive vascular radiological techniques].

Science.gov (United States)

García Medina, J; Lacasa Pérez, N; Muray Cases, S; Pérez Garrido, I; García Medina, V

2009-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to communicate our experience in the salvage of thrombosed haemodialysis vascular accesses using interventional radiology techniques. In the last four years, we have treated, by radiological means, 101 thrombosed haemodialysis vascular accesses. There were 44 autologous arteriovenous fistulas (43.56%) and 57 PTFE grafts (56.44%). There were 69 men (68.3%) and 32 women (31.7%). The mean age was 67.73 years (range 33-84). The mean vascular access age was 23.79 months (range 1-132). Manual catheter-directed aspiration was used. Fragmented, triturated or pushed the thrombus against the pulmonary circulation was avoided in all cases. 78 accesses were salvaged (77.2%). Autologous fistulas average and PTFE grafts success rate were 84.44% and 71.42% respectively. Angioplasty in one or more lesions after thromboaspiration was performed in all accesses, except six (5.9%). Metallic endoprostheses were implanted in 14 accesses (13.9%). Mean follow-up was 9 months (range 0-44). Primary patency was 42.3% +/- 5 at 6 months and 32% +/- 4 at one year. Autologous fistulas patency was better than PTFE grafts patency (p better than PTFE grafts. This justifies interventional radiology techniques in these situations.

Imaging of the peripheral vascular system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gould, S.A.; Pond, G.D.; Pinsky, S.; Moss, G.S.; Srikantaswamy, S.; Ryo, U.Y.

1984-01-01

This book is limited neither to the peripheral vascular system nor to diagnostic imaging techniques. Its 18 chapters cover nonimaging blood-flow techniques (Doppler ultrasound, plethysmography) as well as noninvasive and invasive imaging techniques (ultrasound, computed tomography, radionuclide digital-subtraction angiography, and contrast angiography). These are applied not only to the peripheral vascular system but also to the aorta and vena cava

Arterial complications of vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Eagleton, Matthew J

2016-12-01

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a relatively rare genetic syndrome that occurs owing to disorders in the metabolism of fibrillary collagen. These defects affect the soft connective tissues resulting in abnormalities in the skin, joints, hollow organs, and blood vessels. Patients with these defects frequently present at a young age with spontaneous arterial complications involving the medium-sized arteries. Complications involving the hollow organs, such as spontaneous colonic perforation, are observed as well. Given the fragility of the soft tissue, open and endovascular intervention on patients with vascular EDS is fraught with high complication rates. A PubMed search was performed to identify manuscripts published related to vascular EDS. This search included more than 747 articles. These findings were cross-referenced using key terms, including endovascular, embolization, surgery, genetics, pathophysiology, connective tissue disorders, vascular complications, systematic review, type III collagen, and COL3A1. The references in key articles and review articles were evaluated for additional resources not identified in the PubMed search. Care must be taken to balance the risk of intervention vs the risk of continued observation. Life-threatening hemorrhage, however, mandates intervention. With careful, altered approaches to tissue handling, endovascular approaches may provide a safer option for managing the arterial complications observed in patients with vascular EDS. Additional hope may also be found in the use of pharmacologic agents that reduce the incidence and severity of the arterial complications. Copyright © 2016 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enfoque de las organizaciones inteligentes en la implementación de nuevas técnicas de dirección en las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMEs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

César A. Valecillos

2007-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo tiene como propósito destacar los aportes que ofrece el Enfoque de las Organizaciones Inteligentes en relación al cambio y al manejo de las resistencias involucrados en la implementación de técnicas de dirección en las PYMES. El método empleado se basó en el análisis de planteamientos de autores de literatura vinculada con el tema. Entre los factores encontrados que operan negativamente para invertir en nuevas herramientas de dirección, cabe destacar: el enfoque de gestión tradicional que prevalece en el sistema de creencias de los propietarios, la cultura organizacional y el desconocimiento de una metodología adecuada para el diagnóstico y administración de los cambios implícitos en la implementación de nuevas tecnologías. Se concluye que entre las respuestas que ofrece el enfoque de las organizaciones inteligentes, resaltan: facilitar procesos de aprendizaje organizacional en el dueño y líderes para involucrar y crear los compromisos necesarios para modelar e impulsar las nuevas tecnologías, intervenir en el sistema humano cultural de manera que el cambio no se perciba como una amenaza sino como una oportunidad para el crecimiento personal y el desarrollo organizacional y considerar la metodología de análisis de flujos para el diagnóstico, planificación y seguimiento de los cambios asociados en la implementación.

Análisis e incorporación de factores de calidad habitacional en el diseño de las viviendas sociales en Chile. Propuesta metodológica para un enfoque integral de la calidad residencial

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Luis Goldsack Jarpa

2003-01-01

Full Text Available El proceso habitacional chileno ha priorizado un enfoque cuantitativo en la producción de las viviendas sociales, relegando aspectos de orden cualitativo a un segundo plano, ante la urgencia de asumir el déficit habitacional del país. De todos modos, la importancia de mejorar la calidad de vida en los barrios de menores recursos, se ha transformado en un objetivo declarado, debido tanto a la mala calidad de los productos ofrecidos por los programas estatales, como a la incapacidad de responder a las necesidades de la población. Basada en una investigación, que pretende desarrollar un enfoque integral de la calidad residencial, este artículo, presenta en primer lugar una breve descripción del enfoque habitacional implementado en el país. Luego, se explica el marco conceptual de la calidad residencial y la definición de una propuesta metodológica ad hoc, la cual a partir del análisis de los resultados de la investigación, se traduciría en propuestas de diseño y normativas mejoradas.

Orígenes de los Programas de Mediación Escolar: distintos enfoques que influyen en esta práctica restaurativa

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Pulido

2013-05-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar los orígenes de la mediación escolar y de las disciplinas de las que se nutre. El tener una mejor compresión de los diferentes enfoques relacionados con la mediación, así como la terminología a ella asociada (justicia restaurativa, grupos cooperativos, alumnos ayudantes, etc., permitirá tener una visión más amplia de sus posibilidades. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo una revisión desde las primeras aportaciones de los grupos indígenas, que aplicaban este tipo de conciliación en el seno de la comunidad, hasta la incorporación de esta forma de resolver conflictos al contexto judicial, a través de la justicia restaurativa. Junto con esta disciplina, la más ampliamente estudiada, hay otras áreas que han influido en el desarrollo de los programas de mediación en el contexto escolar, como son los programas de aprendizaje cooperativo o los programas de apoyo entre iguales. Finalmente se plantearán una serie de conclusiones insistiendo en cuáles son las aportaciones de cada uno de estos enfoques, lo cual ayudará a una mejor aplicación de esta intervención.

Effects of PPARγ ligands on vascular tone.

Science.gov (United States)

Salomone, Salvatore; Drago, Filippo

2012-06-01

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (PPARγ), originally described as a transcription factor for genes of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, has been more recently studied in the context of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Here, we review the available data on PPARγ ligands as modulator of vascular tone. PPARγ ligands include: thiazolidinediones (used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus), glitazars (bind and activate both PPARγ and PPARα), and other experimental drugs (still in development) that exploit the chemistry of thiazolidinediones as a scaffold for PPARγ-independent pharmacological properties. In this review, we examine both short (mostly from in vitro data)- and long (mostly from in vivo data)-term effects of PPARγ ligands that extend from PPARγ-independent vascular effects to PPARγ-dependent gene expression. Because endothelium is a master regulator of vascular tone, we have attempted to differentiate between endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent effects of PPARγ ligands. Based on available data, we conclude that PPARγ ligands appear to influence vascular tone in different experimental paradigms, most often in terms of vasodilatation (potentially increasing blood flow to some tissues). These effects on vascular tone, although potentially beneficial, must be weighed against specific cardiovascular warnings that may apply to some drugs, such as rosiglitazone.

Endothelial dysfunction in metabolic and vascular disorders.

Science.gov (United States)

Polovina, Marija M; Potpara, Tatjana S

2014-03-01

Vascular endothelium has important regulatory functions in the cardiovascular system and a pivotal role in the maintenance of vascular health and metabolic homeostasis. It has long been recognized that endothelial dysfunction participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis from early, preclinical lesions to advanced, thrombotic complications. In addition, endothelial dysfunction has been recently implicated in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Considering that states of insulin resistance (eg, metabolic syndrome, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and T2DM) represent the most prevalent metabolic disorders and risk factors for atherosclerosis, it is of considerable scientific and clinical interest that both metabolic and vascular disorders have endothelial dysfunction as a common background. Importantly, endothelial dysfunction has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with established cardiovascular disease, and a growing body of evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction also imparts adverse prognosis in states of insulin resistance. In this review, we discuss the association of insulin resistance and T2DM with endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms and prognostic implications of the endothelial dysfunction in metabolic and vascular disorders. We also address current therapeutic strategies for the improvement of endothelial dysfunction.

Nanomedicine approaches in vascular disease: a review.

Science.gov (United States)

Gupta, Anirban Sen

2011-12-01

Nanomedicine approaches have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and vascular diseases, where the limitations of rapid nonspecific clearance, poor biodistribution and harmful side effects associated with direct systemic drug administration can be overcome by packaging the agents within sterically stabilized, long-circulating nanovehicles that can be further surface-modified with ligands to actively target cellular/molecular components of the disease. With significant advancements in genetics, proteomics, cellular and molecular biology and biomaterials engineering, the nanomedicine strategies have become progressively refined regarding the modulation of surface and bulk chemistry of the nanovehicles, control of drug release kinetics, manipulation of nanoconstruct geometry and integration of multiple functionalities on single nanoplatforms. The current review aims to capture the various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades. Analysis of the promises and limitations of these approaches will help identify and optimize vascular nanomedicine systems to enhance their efficacy and clinical translation in the future. Nanomedicine-based approaches have had a major impact on the treatment and diagnosis of malignancies and vascular diseases. This review discusses various nanomedicine approaches directed specifically toward vascular diseases during the past two decades, highlighting their advantages, limitations and offering new perspectives on future applications. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluating Peripheral Vascular Injuries: Is Color Doppler Enough for Diagnosis?

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohd Lateef Wani

2014-03-01

Full Text Available Background:: Vascular injury poses a serious threat to limb and life. Thus, diagnosis should be made immediately with minimally invasive methods. Doppler is a good aid in diagnosis of vascular injury. Methods:: The present prospective study was conducted on 150 patients who presented with soft signs (the signs which are suggestive but not confirmatory of vascular injury. They were subjected to color Doppler examination before exploration. The patients with the features of vascular injury on color Doppler were subjected to exploration. On the other hand, those who had normal Doppler were subjected to CT- angiography. Then, the findings of the exploration were matched with those of color Doppler. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. Results:: Out of the 150 Doppler examinations, 110 (73.33% were reported as positive, while 40 were reported as negative for vascular injury. These were subjected to CT-angiography and seven of them had the features of vascular injury on CT-angiography. All the patients with positive Doppler or CT angiography findings were subjected to exploration. Doppler had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 82.5% in diagnosis of vascular injury using Binary classification test. Conclusions:: Color Doppler is an easily available, reliable, and handy method of diagnosing a vascular injury. It has a very high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosis of vascular injuries.

Joint Global War on Terror (GWOT) Vascular Injury Study 2

Science.gov (United States)

2017-02-01

acquired in Iraq and Afghanistan, Society for Trauma Nurse, 2-4 April 2014, poster presentation o Vascular discharge education and follow-up care...eventual quality of limb and psychological recovery or well-being. 15. SUBJECT TERMS extremity vascular injury, extremity, vascular injury, vascular... psychological recovery or well-being. Finally, this program aims to characterize and compare the physical and emotional burden in large cohorts of US

Vascular gastric anomalies as a cause of relapsing bleeding

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Golubović Gradimir

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Background. Although relatively rare, gastric vascular anomalies can be recognized as a source of both chronic and acute blood loss, most often presenting as long term iron deficiency anemia, rarely as severe acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Case report. We present five patients with various gastric vascular anomalies, diagnosed during the year of 2003. in the Clinical Hospital Center Zemun. The diagnosis was based on endoscopic appearances, clinical history and characteristic histological findings. Gastric vascular anomalies presented in our review were: portal hypertensive gastropathy, gastric antral vascular ectasia, angiodysplasia, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and Dieulafoy lesion. The used treatment modalities included surgery and various endoscopic techniques (schlerotherapy, argon plasma coagulation. Conclusion. Patients presented with chronic iron deficiency anemia or acute and recurrent gastrointestinal hemorrhage should be considered as having one of gastric vascular anomalies.

Vascular lesions of head and neck: A literature review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nazia Masoom Syed

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Vascular lesions are among the most common congenital and neonatal abnormalities. These anomalies can occur throughout the whole body, with 60%, however, being located in the head and neck region probably due to its intricate vascular anatomy of region. There is a significant confusion in the literature because of the use of confusing descriptive terminology for the same vascular entity and eponyms. Correct naming of lesion, appropriate classification, and clinical appearance of vascular lesions have a direct impact on understanding of etiologies of these complex lesions, diagnosis, and in treating patients. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide comprehensive knowledge about classifications and to have an insight of various important vascular lesions affecting head and neck region based on its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management.

Vascular effects of a single high salt meal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mohamed Abdel Kader Abdel Wahab

2016-09-01

Conclusion: High salt intake may acutely impair vascular function in different vascular beds independent of the increase of blood pressure. Plasma sodium increase may be one of the underlying mechanisms.

Viral haemorrhagic fever and vascular alterations.

Science.gov (United States)

Aleksandrowicz, P; Wolf, K; Falzarano, D; Feldmann, H; Seebach, J; Schnittler, H

2008-02-01

Pathogenesis of viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) is closely associated with alterations of the vascular system. Among the virus families causing VHF, filoviruses (Marburg and Ebola) are the most fatal, and will be focused on here. After entering the body, Ebola primarily targets monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Infected dendritic cells are largely impaired in their activation potency, likely contributing to the immune suppression that occurs during filovirus infection. Monocytes/macrophages, however, immediately activate after viral contact and release reasonable amounts of cytokines that target the vascular system, particularly the endothelial cells. Some underlying molecular mechanisms such as alteration of the vascular endothelial cadherin/catenin complex, tyrosine phosphorylation, expression of cell adhesion molecules, tissue factor and the effect of soluble viral proteins released from infected cells to the blood stream will be discussed.

Atrial fibrillation and vascular disease-a bad combination

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Bjerring Olesen, Jonas; Gislason, Gunnar Hilmar; Torp-Pedersen, Christian

2012-01-01

This article provides an overview of (i) the risk of stroke associated with vascular disease (acute coronary syndromes and peripheral artery disease) in patients with atrial fibrillation, (ii) the frequent coexistence of vascular disease in patients with atrial fibrillation and, (iii...... fibrillation. Indeed, patients with atrial fibrillation often had coexisting vascular disease (around 18%), and the combination of the two diseases substantially increases the risk of future cardiovascular events. The increased risk associated with peripheral artery disease in atrial fibrillation is even more...... pronounced. Patients with atrial fibrillation and stable vascular disease should be treated with oral anticoagulation only, although when these patients present with acute coronary syndrome and/or undergo coronary stenting, concomitant treatment with antiplatelet drugs is indicated. To guide antithrombotic...

Molecular mechanisms of maternal vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia.

Science.gov (United States)

Goulopoulou, Styliani; Davidge, Sandra T

2015-02-01

In preeclampsia, as a heterogeneous syndrome, multiple pathways have been proposed for both the causal as well as the perpetuating factors leading to maternal vascular dysfunction. Postulated mechanisms include imbalance in the bioavailability and activity of endothelium-derived contracting and relaxing factors and oxidative stress. Studies have shown that placenta-derived factors [antiangiogenic factors, microparticles (MPs), cell-free nucleic acids] are released into the maternal circulation and act on the vascular wall to modify the secretory capacity of endothelial cells and alter the responsiveness of vascular smooth muscle cells to constricting and relaxing stimuli. These molecules signal their deleterious effects on the maternal vascular wall via pathways that provide the molecular basis for novel and effective therapeutic interventions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sirenomelia

OpenAIRE

Patricia Giovana Silva Cerrogrande; Claudia Vanesa Silva Cerrogrande

2012-01-01

Neonato de 10 horas de vida, sexo no evidenciado, producto único de 37semanas de gestación obtenido por parto vaginal, peso adecuado para la edad gestacional (2100 gr) APGAR de 5 al minuto y 9 a los 5 minutos. Madre de 39 años (G: 4,P: 4, A: 0, C: 0), sin controles prenatales niantecedentes familiares de malformaciones congénitas.Ingresó a Sala de Neonatología con signos de dificultad respiratoria, además múltiples malformaciones congénitas. Al examen físico destacó la presencia de implantació...

MALFORMAÇÕES CONGÊNITAS E FATORES DE RISCO MATERNO EM CAMPINA GRANDE - PARAÍBA

OpenAIRE

Virgínia Rossana de Sousa Brito; Francisco Stélio de Sousa; Francisco Henrique Gadelha; Rafaella Queiroga Souto; Ana Raquel de Figueiredo Rego; Inacia Sátiro Xavier de França

2010-01-01

n el siguiente artículo se realiza un estudio para verificar el predominio de niños nacidos con malformaciones congénitas en las maternidades de Campina Grande–PB y los factores de riesgo asociados. Los datos recolectados se refieren a tres cen- tros maternos a través de las Declaraciones de Nacido Vivo — DNV emitidos en el período del 2003 al 2005. La asociación entre los tipos de malformaciones y las variables fue avalorada por el Chi-cuadrado y las Odds Ratio, fueron calculadas para cada v...

Vascular Risk Factors and Clinical Progression in Spinocerebellar Ataxias

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raymond Y. Lo

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Background: The contributions of vascular risk factors to spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA are not known.Methods: We studied 319 participants with SCA 1, 2, 3, and 6 and repeatedly measured clinical severity using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA for 2 years. Vascular risk factors were summarized by CHA2DS2-VASc scores as the vascular risk factor index. We employed regression models to study the effects of vascular risk factors on ataxia onset and progression after adjusting for age, sex, and pathological CAG repeats. Our secondary analyses took hyperlipidemia into account.Results: Nearly 60% of SCA participants were at low vascular risks with CHA2DS2-VASc = 0, and 31% scored 2 or greater. Higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were not associated with either earlier onset or faster progression of ataxia. These findings were not altered after accounting for hyperlipidemia. Discussion: Vascular risks are not common in SCAs and are not associated with earlier onset or faster ataxia progression.

Body Mass Index and Operating Times in Vascular Procedures

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. Durup-Dickenson

Full Text Available : Introduction: The influence of body mass index (BMI on operating times in central and peripheral vascular surgical procedures was investigated. Report: A national cohort of Danish patients who underwent a vascular procedure between 1983 and 2012 was used for analysis. Data were analysed with pairwise comparisons of BMI groups for operating times using the independent samples Kruskall–Wallis test. Discussion: A total of 3,255 carotid endarterectomies; 6,885 central vascular procedures; and 4,488 peripheral bypasses were included for the analysis. Median operating times for carotid endarterectomy and central vascular procedures were, respectively, 5 and 15 minutes longer in obese patients than in normal weight patients. This represents a 7% and 10% increase in median operating times, respectively. Linear and multi-adjusted linear regressions were conducted adjusting for confounders, showing a significant correlation between BMI and operating time. Obesity significantly increased the operating times in carotid endarterectomy and central vascular procedures. These may have ramifications for the individual operative stress but not necessarily on logistical operation planning. Keywords: Body mass index (BMI, Obesity, Operating time, Surgery, Vascular surgical procedures

Endovascular Management of Vascular Injury during Transsphenoidal Surgery

OpenAIRE

Çinar, C.; Bozkaya, H.; Parildar, M.; Oran, I.

2013-01-01

Vascular injury is an unusual and serious complication of transsphenoidal surgery. We aimed to define the role of angiography and endovascular treatment in patients with vascular injuries occurring during transsphenoidal surgery.

Vascular malforma- tions part 1 — normal and abnormal vascular ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Enrique

to form the primitive vascular plexus. Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels by sprouting or splitting of ... The differentiation of primitive vessels into arteries, veins or capillaries is determined by flow patterns .... identify, but it is probable that as time progresses further specific genetic defects related to the development ...

Retos del liderazgo inteligente y la educación del siglo XXI. Enfoque de las inteligencias multiples

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zilda Díaz de Plmacher

2004-05-01

Full Text Available Hoy el Líder necesita diseñar estrategias innovadoras para desarrollar las inteligencias múltiples en sus seguidores, de manera que pueda solucionar problemas estableciendo relaciones óptimas; es importante adoptar un liderazgo que responda a las exigencias del momento, como proceso intelectual, cognoscitivo y emocional. Las Inteligencias Múltiples es un enfoque que marca pautas en las organizaciones. Representando un modelo de aprendizaje, y desarrollo personal/profesional, que aporta herramientas útiles. Se requiere diseñar evaluaciones dirigidas al tipo de inteligencia; reconfigurar programas adaptándolos a los estilos de aprendizaje; atraer personalidades estratégicas a la docencia, mejorando su desarrollo profesional; además lograr la participación de la comunidad.

Vascular injury is associated with increased mortality in winter sports trauma.

Science.gov (United States)

Eun, John C; Bronsert, Michael; Hansen, Kristine; Moulton, Steven L; Jazaeri, Omid; Nehler, Mark; Greenberg, Joshua I

2015-01-01

Trauma is the leading cause of injury and death for individuals aged 1-44 years. Up to 8% of the US population participates in winter sports, and although vascular injuries are uncommon in these activities, little is published in this area. We sought to identify the incidence, injury patterns, and outcomes of vascular injuries resulting from winter sports trauma. Patients with winter sports trauma and the subset with vascular injuries were identified by accessing the National Trauma Data Bank querying years 2007-2010. Patients with and without vascular injuries were then compared. Admission variables included transport time, emergency department hypotension (systolic blood pressure Injury Severity Score ≥ 25, fractures, solid organ injury, and vascular injury. Outcomes were analyzed and associations with vascular injuries were determined. A total of 2,298 patients were identified with winter sports-related trauma and 28 (1.2%) had associated vascular injuries. Overall, the top 3 injuries were head trauma (16.7%), thoracic vertebral fractures (5.5%), and lumbar vertebral fractures (5.1%). The most common associated vascular injures were to the popliteal artery (17.7%), splenic artery (14.7%), and brachial blood vessels (14.7%). In the entire cohort, 1 patient (0.04%) suffered an amputation and 15 patients (0.7%) died. There were no amputations in the vascular injury group. Mortality was 0.6% in patients without a vascular injury compared with 7.1% of those with a vascular injury (P = 0.01). Although vascular injury is an uncommon associated finding in winter sports trauma, it is associated with a significant increase in mortality. These findings highlight the need for rapid identification of traumatic vascular injuries, which predicts worse overall outcomes in this patient population. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vascular dementia | Connor | African Journal of Psychiatry

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a common but heterogeneous condition in which there is a clear temporal relationship between the dementia and vascular disease. It may result from multiple large or small vessel strokes or a single strategic stroke. Subcortical ischaemic VaD includes multiple lacunes and subcortical ...

Vascular tissue engineering by computer-aided laser micromachining.

Science.gov (United States)

Doraiswamy, Anand; Narayan, Roger J

2010-04-28

Many conventional technologies for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds are not suitable for fabricating scaffolds with patient-specific attributes. For example, many conventional technologies for fabricating tissue engineering scaffolds do not provide control over overall scaffold geometry or over cell position within the scaffold. In this study, the use of computer-aided laser micromachining to create scaffolds for vascular tissue networks was investigated. Computer-aided laser micromachining was used to construct patterned surfaces in agarose or in silicon, which were used for differential adherence and growth of cells into vascular tissue networks. Concentric three-ring structures were fabricated on agarose hydrogel substrates, in which the inner ring contained human aortic endothelial cells, the middle ring contained HA587 human elastin and the outer ring contained human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Basement membrane matrix containing vascular endothelial growth factor and heparin was to promote proliferation of human aortic endothelial cells within the vascular tissue networks. Computer-aided laser micromachining provides a unique approach to fabricate small-diameter blood vessels for bypass surgery as well as other artificial tissues with complex geometries.

Propuesta de Recomendaciones para la Implementación de Sistemas Informáticos Basadas en el Enfoque Socio-técnico y el Diseño Participativo

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marisa Daniela Panizzi

2015-02-01

Full Text Available En la actualidad, algunas implementaciones de sistemas informáticos siguen fracasando, algunas causas de fracaso son: la falta de información por parte de los usuarios, la ausencia de capacitación adecuada, la no satisfacción por cuestiones asociadas a la tarea diaria que realizan, la ausencia de comunicación eficaz dentro de la organización, etc. El problema que se aborda en este trabajo es, precisamente, cómo ayudar a las organizaciones a aceptar la incorporación de un nuevo SI (sistema informático o producto-software considerado como un cambio organizacional. El estudio realizado sobre el estado de la cuestión revela que dicho problema está abierto. Se propone un conjunto de recomendaciones a tener en cuenta para la implementación de un SI, contemplando el enfoque sociotécnico y el diseño participativo. Se consideran los SI desarrollados a medida o parametrizados que dan soporte a la gestión empresarial. Resultó necesario enunciar una serie de términos sobre los que se basa la propuesta, siendo estos: ¨proceso de implementación¨ y ¨usuario satisfecho¨. Se reflexionó sobre la necesidad de evaluar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios, que cambiarían su sistema de trabajo al utilizar un nuevo SI (Sistema Informático. Para esto, se construyó una herramienta de medición de la satisfacción de las necesidades de los usuarios, basada en el enfoque socio-técnico. Esta herramienta se compone de dos cuestionarios, el cuestionario que permite la medición del enfoque socio denominado ¨MES¨ y el cuestionario que permite la medición del enfoque técnico denominado ¨MET¨. Se sometió a la herramienta de medición a un caso real y a partir de los resultados obtenidos se construyó el conjunto de recomendaciones específico. En definitiva, este trabajo aporta a la Ingeniería de Software, un prototipo de herramienta de medición de la satisfacción de las necesidades de los usuarios de un SI y un conjunto de lineamientos

The pathology and pathophysiology of vascular dementia.

Science.gov (United States)

Kalaria, Raj N

2017-12-19

Vascular dementia (VaD) is widely recognised as the second most common type of dementia. Consensus and accurate diagnosis of clinically suspected VaD relies on wide-ranging clinical, neuropsychological and neuroimaging measures in life but more importantly pathological confirmation. Factors defining subtypes of VaD include the nature and extent of vascular pathologies, degree of involvement of extra and intracranial vessels and the anatomical location of tissue changes as well as time after the initial vascular event. Atherosclerotic and cardioembolic diseases combined appear the most common subtypes of vascular brain injury. In recent years, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) has gained prominence worldwide as an important substrate of cognitive impairment. SVD is characterised by arteriolosclerosis, lacunar infarcts and cortical and subcortical microinfarcts and diffuse white matter changes, which involve myelin loss and axonal abnormalities. Global brain atrophy and focal degeneration of the cerebrum including medial temporal lobe atrophy are also features of VaD similar to Alzheimer's disease. Hereditary arteriopathies have provided insights into the mechanisms of dementia particularly how arteriolosclerosis, a major contributor of SVD promotes cognitive impairment. Recently developed and validated neuropathology guidelines indicated that the best predictors of vascular cognitive impairment were small or lacunar infarcts, microinfarcts, perivascular space dilation, myelin loss, arteriolosclerosis and leptomeningeal cerebral amyloid angiopathy. While these substrates do not suggest high specificity, VaD is likely defined by key neuronal and dendro-synaptic changes resulting in executive dysfunction and related cognitive deficits. Greater understanding of the molecular pathology is needed to clearly define microvascular disease and vascular substrates of dementia. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Robotic vascular resections during Whipple procedure.

Science.gov (United States)

Allan, Bassan J; Novak, Stephanie M; Hogg, Melissa E; Zeh, Herbert J

2018-01-01

Indications for resection of pancreatic cancers have evolved to include selected patients with involvement of peri-pancreatic vascular structures. Open Whipple procedures have been the standard approach for patients requiring reconstruction of the portal vein (PV) or superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Recently, high-volume centers are performing minimally invasive Whipple procedures with portovenous resections. Our institution has performed seventy robotic Whipple procedures with concomitant vascular resections. This report outlines our technique.

Spanish Clinical Guidelines on Vascular Access for Haemodialysis.

Science.gov (United States)

Ibeas, José; Roca-Tey, Ramon; Vallespín, Joaquín; Moreno, Teresa; Moñux, Guillermo; Martí-Monrós, Anna; Del Pozo, José Luis; Gruss, Enrique; Ramírez de Arellano, Manel; Fontseré, Néstor; Arenas, María Dolores; Merino, José Luis; García-Revillo, José; Caro, Pilar; López-Espada, Cristina; Giménez-Gaibar, Antonio; Fernández-Lucas, Milagros; Valdés, Pablo; Fernández-Quesada, Fidel; de la Fuente, Natalia; Hernán, David; Arribas, Patricia; Sánchez de la Nieta, María Dolores; Martínez, María Teresa; Barba, Ángel

2017-11-01

Vascular access for haemodialysis is key in renal patients both due to its associated morbidity and mortality and due to its impact on quality of life. The process, from the creation and maintenance of vascular access to the treatment of its complications, represents a challenge when it comes to decision-making, due to the complexity of the existing disease and the diversity of the specialities involved. With a view to finding a common approach, the Spanish Multidisciplinary Group on Vascular Access (GEMAV), which includes experts from the five scientific societies involved (nephrology [S.E.N.], vascular surgery [SEACV], vascular and interventional radiology [SERAM-SERVEI], infectious diseases [SEIMC] and nephrology nursing [SEDEN]), along with the methodological support of the Cochrane Center, has updated the Guidelines on Vascular Access for Haemodialysis, published in 2005. These guidelines maintain a similar structure, in that they review the evidence without compromising the educational aspects. However, on one hand, they provide an update to methodology development following the guidelines of the GRADE system in order to translate this systematic review of evidence into recommendations that facilitate decision-making in routine clinical practice, and, on the other hand, the guidelines establish quality indicators which make it possible to monitor the quality of healthcare. Copyright © 2017 Sociedad Española de Nefrología. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Vascular and valvular calcifications in chronic hemodialysis patients

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Elena Bruzzone

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Introduction: Vascular and valvular calcifications are a frequent complication in dialyzed patients and are connected to an increased morbi-mortality. Many radiological methods (TAC multiple slices and with electrons emission have been used to investigate the presence of vascular calcifications in this population, but only few works have been focused on simple radiology. Objectives: The objectives of this work are to evaluate vascular calcifications by means of Kauppila index in hemodialysis prevalent patients, identify linked risk factors and determine their association with heart valves calcification. Methods: 95 stable patients under hemodialysis were surveyed during a period of 6 months longer. Abdominal Rx simple profile were performed on all patients to evaluate calcification of abdominal aorta by Kauppila index and twodimensional echocardiogram to detect valvular calcifications. Data were collected about sex, age, diabetes, Hypertension, tabaquism, dislipemia and bone-mineral metabolism. Results: 64.5% of the patients showed vascular calcifications. Average Kauppila index was 6.25. Age and time on dialysis correlated with vascular calcifications. In 31.6 % of individuals valvular calcifications were found, which presented significant association with diabetes and Kauppila Index. Conclusions: Vascular and valvular calcifications were frequent in the surveyed population. Kauppila index correlated with age, time on dialysis and valvular calcifications. Heart valves calcification was associated with diabetes.

Os enfoques cognitivista e desenvolvimentista no autismo: uma análise preliminar A prelimary analysis of cognitive and developmental approaches in autism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Carolina Lampreia

2004-01-01

Full Text Available A imprecisão do conceito de autismo pode ser vista pela diversidade de quadros clínicos que entram neste conceito, assim como pelos diferentes enfoques teóricos que procuram explicá-lo. Desde a descrição de Kanner, o autismo tem sido visto ora como um problema afetivo/social, ora como um problema cognitivo. Nas décadas 1970/80, alguns autores consideraram o prejuízo social como primário no autismo enquanto outros defenderam o prejuízo da habilidade cognitiva da linguagem. Este debate mostrou-se inconclusivo. Hoje predominam dois enfoques teóricos: o cognitivista e o desenvolvimentista que resgata a visão de autismo como um problema afetivo/social e dissolve a oposição social x linguagem na medida em que um de seus pressupostos epistemológicos é conceber a linguagem verbal como uma atividade social cujos precursores são encontrados nas comunicações não-verbais mãe-bebê. O objetivo deste artigo é iniciar uma reflexão a respeito da relevância do esclarecimento dos pressupostos epistemológicos e das implicações de diferentes enfoques teóricos do autismo para a busca da etiologia e para a intervenção.The diversity of clinical pictures and different theoretical approaches may explain the blurred boundaries of the concept of autism. Since Kanner, autism has been explained either as a social/affective deficit or a cognitive one. In the fruitless debate of the 1970/80s, some authors argued that the primary deficit was social/affective while others that it was in the cognitive area of language. Today the cognitive and developmental approaches predominate. The latter revives the social/affective approach to autism and dissolves the social x language opposition. One of its epistemological assumptions is to view language as a social activity because its precursors can be found in the mother-infant nonverbal communications. The purpose of this article is to begin a discussion about the importance of the epistemological

UNA APROXIMACIÓN A LA PLANEACIÓN MINERA A CIELO ABIERTO DESDE UN ENFOQUE BASADO EN DECISIONES BAJO INCERTIDUMBRE

OpenAIRE

FRANCO SEPÚLVEDA, GIOVANNI; BRANCH BEDOYA, JOHN WILLIAN; JARAMILLO ÁLVAREZ, PATRICIA

2010-01-01

En este artículo se presenta en primer lugar una descripción del proceso de planeamiento minero desde un punto de vista clásico y su relación con los actuales procesos de planeamiento minero que tienen como base la optimización en sus diferentes etapas. Seguidamente, se realiza un acercamiento a los procesos de planeación minera a cielo abierto desde un enfoque basado en decisiones bajo incertidumbre. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis crítico de los artículos encontrados clasificándolos...

Enfoque CTSA no ensino de astronomia: uma investigação de possibilidades por meio da astronáutica

OpenAIRE

Teixeira, Claudio Henrique da Silva [UNESP

2013-01-01

O ensino da astronomia e astronáutica no Brasil, referente à formação de professores, extensão universitária e currículo do ensino básico, pode ter um novo enfoque e uma nova ênfase dada dos seus conteúdos e abordagens. Desde a década de sessenta, currículos de ensino de ciências com ênfase em CTSA - ciência, tecnologia, sociedade e ambiente - vêm sendo desenvolvidos no mundo inteiro. Tais currículos apresentam como objetivo central preparar os alunos para o exercício da cidadania e caracteri...

Terror attacks increases the risk of vascular injuries

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Eitan eHeldenberg

2014-05-01

Full Text Available Objectives: Extensive literature exists about military trauma as opposed to the very limited literature regarding terror-related civilian trauma. However, terror-related vascular trauma (VT, as a unique type of injury, is yet to be addressed.Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Israeli National Trauma Registry was performed. All patients in the registry from 09/2000 to 12/2005 were included. The subgroup of patients with documented vascular trauma (VT (N=1,545 was analyzedand further subdivided into those suffering from Terror-related Vascular Trauma (TVT and Non-Terror related Vascular Trauma (NTVT. Both groups were analyzed according to mechanism of trauma, type and severity of injury and treatment.Results: Out of 2,446 terror related trauma admissions 243 sustained TVT (9.9% compared to 1302 VT patients from Non Terror trauma (1.1%. TVT injuries tend to be more complex and most patients were operated on. ICU admissions and hospitallength of stay was higher in the TVT group. Penetrating trauma was the prominent cause of injury among the TVT group. TVT group had a higher proportion of patients with severe injuries (ISS>16 and mortality. Thorax injuries were more frequent in the TVT group. Extremity injuries were the most prevalent vascular injuries in both groups; however NTVT group had more upper extremity injuries, while the TVT group had significantly more lower extremity injuries.Conclusion: Vascular injuries are remarkably more common among terror attack victims than among non-terror trauma victims and the injuries of terror casualties tend to be more complex. The presence of a vascular surgeon will ensure a comprehensive clinical care.

Pathophysiology of Headaches with a Prominent Vascular Component

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Juan A Pareja

1996-01-01

Full Text Available Vascular changes, whether preliminary or secondary, seem to accompany most headaches. The literature concerning pathophysiological mechanisms in headaches where vascular phenomena are a major, integral part, ie, migraine and cluster headache syndrome, is reviewed and the most common forms of headache associated with cerebrovascular disease are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the vascular phenomena and on the abundant hypotheses and theories regarding headache mechanisms. This review also presents alternative explanatory models, and compares the available anatomical, physiological and biochemical results.

El enfoque de género en las noticias de salud The gender approach in health-related newspaper articles

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Teresa Ruiz

2004-05-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Analizar con enfoque de género el contenido de las noticias sobre los problemas de salud que afectan a ambos sexos (cáncer, infarto y tabaco, o principalmente a mujeres (anorexia, malos tratos y aborto, publicadas en los medios de comunicación escritos durante los años noventa, y desarrollar algunas recomendaciones para la elaboración de noticias de salud con enfoque de género. Material y métodos: Análisis del contenido de las noticias de los temas mencionados de El País, ABC y El Mundo (1991-1999. Fuentes de información: bases de datos informatizadas de los periódicos. Muestra de 1.358 noticias que contenían los términos seleccionados en la edición Nacional (malos tratos [57], anorexia [79], infarto [118], aborto [330], tabaco [350], cáncer [422]. Conceptos estudiados: «visibilidad», atribución de poder y paridad, y estudio con informadores claves. Resultados: Un 38% de las noticias que identificaban el sexo de los periodistas fueron firmadas por mujeres. Como actores de las noticias, los hombres (73% fueron más «visibles» que las mujeres (40%. La mayor presencia de las mujeres fue como pacientes (14% y la de los hombres como políticos (29% y médicos (24%. Conclusiones: Pese a los esfuerzos realizados en los noventa, falta fortalecer el enfoque de género en las noticias sobre la salud.Objectives: To use a gender approach to analyze the content of health-related articles affecting both sexes (cancer, heart attack and smoking or mainly women (anorexia, domestic violence and abortion, published in newspapers in the 1990s. To provide recommendations for writing news with a gender-sensitive approach. Material and methods: Analysis of the above-mentioned topics in articles published in the national Spanish daily newspapers El País, ABC and El Mundo (1991-1999. Data sources: computerized databases of the newspapers. Sample of 1358 articles published in the national edition containing selected terms (battering [57

Enfoque Legal de Ciber Defensa Aplicada a Empresas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ronaldo Bach da Graça

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar la utilidad de ciberdefensa promovida por el Estado en favor de las empresas comerciales; que, en última instancia beneficia a toda la comunidad y el Estado. La investigación fue realizada por el método de enfoque descriptivo y lógico-intuitivo, mencionandose que la sociedad debe proteger a sus empresas como una forma de mantener la propia calidad de vida. Una forma de protección, relevante en el momento en que vivimos, se da a través de una adecuada protección ofrecida por la defensa cibernética. Es importante para el derecho de los negocios que se ocupe de las garantías constitucionales, que pueden ser apoyadas por un Estado que actúa con la defensa cibernética. En nuestros tiempos, doctrina y jurisprudencia en Brasil reconocen los derechos fundamentales de las personas jurídicas, y existe una relación de dependencia entre la comunidad y sus empresas comerciales que desemboca en una mejor calidad de vida, empleo y ingresos. Con el fin de preservar la seguridad nacional, deben recibir protección especial los activos intangibles de las empresas que son susceptibles a los ataques cibernéticos. El artículo contribuye al debate sobre la protección por la guerra cibernética de las empresas, concluyendo que la seguridad jurídica proporcionada por la actividad de la guerra cibernética en favor de las empresas y la protección de sus derechos fundamentales protege a la comunidad y el estado al que pertenece. Este trabajo fomenta la protección cibernética a las empresas per el Estado, como una especie de auto-protección y seguridad de toda la sociedad componente del Estado.

Ghrelin improves vascular autophagy in rats with vascular calcification.

Science.gov (United States)

Xu, Mingming; Liu, Lin; Song, Chenfang; Chen, Wei; Gui, Shuyan

2017-06-15

This study aimed to investigate whether ghrelin ameliorated vascular calcification (VC) through improving autophagy. VC model was induced by nicotine plus vitamin D 3 in rats and β-glycerophosphate in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). Calcium deposition was detected by von Kossa staining or alizarin red S staining. ALP activity was also detected. Western blot was used to assess the protein expression. Ghrelin treatment attenuated the elevation of calcium deposition and ALP activity in VC model both in vivo and in vitro. Interesting, the protein levels of autophagy markers, LC3 and beclin1 were significantly upregulated by ghrelin in VC model. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine blocks the ameliorative effect of ghrelin on VC. Furthermore, protein expressions of phosphate-AMPK were increased by ghrelin treatment both in calcified aorta and VSMC. The effect of ghrelin on autophagy induction and VC attenuation was prevented by AMPK inhibitor, compound C. Our results suggested that ghrelin improved autophagy through AMPK activation, which was resulted in VC amelioration. These data maybe throw light on prevention and therapy of VC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Vascular trauma: selected historical reflections from the

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rich Norman M

2011-04-01

Full Text Available 【Abstract】In the spirit of international exchanges of knowledge with colleagues from all over the world, who are interested in the care and treatment of vascular trauma, we offer selected historical reflections from the western world on vascular trauma. Whereas there are a number of key individuals and a variety of events that are important to us in our writing, we know essentially nothing about what is written by other cultures and, particularly, the Chinese. It is well recognized around the world that Chinese surgeons are among the first to be highly successful in re-plantation of severed extremities, repairing both injured arteries and veins. Also, we recognize that there are contributions in other parts of the world, which are not well known to us collectively. Contributions from the Arabic speaking part of the world come to mind because there is periodic brief reference. We offer our perspective hoping that there will be one or more Chinese surgeons who will offer us the benefit of sharing their perspective on important historical contributions to the managing of vascular trauma outside of the western world, and, particularly, the English speaking literature. Once again, we encourage our colleagues in the Arabic speaking world to provide us with their perspective of the development and management of vascular trauma. Key words: Vascular system injuries; History; Western world; International educational exchange

The making of indigenous vascular prosthesis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Madathipat Unnikrishnan

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Background & objectives: Vascular illnesses are on the rise in India, due to increase in lifestyle diseases and demographic transition, requiring intervention to save life, organ or limbs using vascular prosthesis. The aim of this study was to develop indigenous large diameter vascular graft for treatment of patients with vascular pathologies. Methods: The South India Textile Research Association, at Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, developed seamless woven polyester (Polyethylene terephthalate graft at its research wing. Further characterization and testing followed by clinical trials were conducted at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Fifteen in vivo experiments were carried out in 1992-1994 in pigs as animal model. Controlled (phase I clinical trial in ten patients was performed along with control graft. Thereafter, phase II trial involved 22 patients who underwent multi-centre clinical trial in four centres across India. Results: Laboratory testing showed that polyester graft was non-toxic, non-leeching and non-haemolytic with preserved long-term quality, further confirming in pigs by implanting in thoracic aorta, comparable to control Dacron grafts. Perigraft incorporation and smooth neointima formation which are prime features of excellent healing characteristics, were noted at explantation at planned intervals. Subsequently in the phase I and II clinical trials, all patients had excellent recovery without mortality or device-related adverse events. Patients receiving the test graft were followed up for 10 and 5 years, respectively. Serial clinical, duplex scans and CT angiograms performed periodically confirmed excellent graft performance. Interpretation & conclusions: Indigenously developed Chitra vascular graft was comparable to commercially available Dacron graft, ready for clinical use at affordable cost to patients as against costly imported grafts.

Sugar-sweetened beverages, vascular risk factors and events

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Keller, Amelie; Heitmann, Berit L; Olsen, Nanna

2015-01-01

, while two of three studies, including both men and women, found direct associations between SSB consumption and stroke; however, the association was significant among women only. All included studies examining vascular risk factors found direct associations between SSB consumption and change in blood...... pressure, blood lipid or blood sugar. CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed studies generally showed that SSB intake was related to vascular risk factors, whereas associations with vascular events were less consistent. Due to a limited number of published papers, especially regarding vascular events, the strength......OBJECTIVE: A high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been linked to weight gain, obesity and type 2 diabetes; however, the influence on CVD risk remains unclear. Therefore, our objective was to summarize current evidence for an association between SSB consumption and cardiovascular risk...

Enfoque de género y políticas públicas. Una propuesta para el turismo en el destino Jardines del Rey - Cuba

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sahyly Cotelo Armenteros

2016-06-01

Full Text Available El turismo es un sector importante dentro de la economía cubana por los ingresos que aporta a esta, de ahí que se realizan investigaciones en diferentes temas. Uno de estos temas es el enfoque de género, a lo que responde este trabajo, cuyo objetivo es caracterizar el enfoque de género en la actividad turística que se desarrolla en el destino Jardines del Rey. Para su realización, se parte de referentes teóricos y prácticos, con el diagnóstico de la problemática en un caso de estudio seleccionado, el empleo de métodos y técnicas de la investigación cualitativa como el diario, la entrevista, la encuesta, la historia de vida, el análisis documental, entre otros, que permiten arribar a la siguiente conclusión: la situación actual sobre el tema indica que se deben definir políticas específicas que ayuden a superar las barreras culturales de género en la selección y contratación del capital humano en el destino turístico Jardines del Rey.

Vascular Wall-Resident Multipotent Stem Cells of Mesenchymal Nature within the Process of Vascular Remodeling: Cellular Basis, Clinical Relevance, and Implications for Stem Cell Therapy.

Science.gov (United States)

Klein, Diana

2016-01-01

Until some years ago, the bone marrow and the endothelial cell compartment lining the vessel lumen (subendothelial space) were thought to be the only sources providing vascular progenitor cells. Now, the vessel wall, in particular, the vascular adventitia, has been established as a niche for different types of stem and progenitor cells with the capacity to differentiate into both vascular and nonvascular cells. Herein, vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells of mesenchymal nature (VW-MPSCs) have gained importance because of their large range of differentiation in combination with their distribution throughout the postnatal organism which is related to their existence in the adventitial niche, respectively. In general, mesenchymal stem cells, also designated as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), contribute to the maintenance of organ integrity by their ability to replace defunct cells or secrete cytokines locally and thus support repair and healing processes of the affected tissues. This review will focus on the central role of VW-MPSCs within vascular reconstructing processes (vascular remodeling) which are absolute prerequisite to preserve the sensitive relationship between resilience and stability of the vessel wall. Further, a particular advantage for the therapeutic application of VW-MPSCs for improving vascular function or preventing vascular damage will be discussed.

TRASTORNO LÍMITE DE PERSONALIDAD: Tratamiento desde un enfoque Cognitivo Conductual

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tamara E. Torres G.

2007-01-01

Full Text Available El Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP ha sido u n desafió constante para los profesionales por la variabilidad sintomática que presenta, lo qu e conlleva dificultades en su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Además, ha aumentado su prevalencia en el último tiempo por lo que la importancia de trabajar este trastorno tanto a nivel de diagnós tico como psicoterapéutico debe ser acogido por profesionales de vasta experiencia y por los que es tán en el transcurso de su formación para poder lograr un mejor ejercicio profesional y ético con e stos pacientes, sin caer en diagnósticos y tratamientos erróneos como ocurrió en épocas anter iores. El enfoque Cognitivo Conductual ha demostrado grand es avances, tanto en la identificación como en la mejoría de estos pacientes, integrando u na Reestructuración Cognitiva, postulada por Aaron Beck, como tomando los aportes de la Terapia Comportamental Dialéctica propuesta por Marsha Linehan. En este escrito se mencionarán los criterios diagnó sticos y el aporte en el tratamiento del TLP en base a los dos autores anteriormente mencionados.

Intraoperative digital angiography: Peripheral vascular applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bell, K.; Reifsteck, J.E.; Binet, E.F.; Fleisher, H.J.

1986-01-01

Intraoperative digital angiography is the procedure of choice for the peripheral vascular surgeon who wishes to evaluate his results before terminating anesthesia. Two operating suites at the John L. McClellan Memorial Veterans Hospital are equipped with permanent ceiling-mounted Philips C-arm fluoroscopes and share an ADAC 4100 digital angiographic system. In the last 18 months, 40 peripheral vascular intraoperative digital angiographic procedures have been performed, in all but two cases using direct arterial puncture. In 65% of cases, the intraoperative study showed no significant abnormality. In 12.5%, minor abnormalities not requiring reoperation were seen. In 22.5% of cases, the intraoperative digital angiogram revealed a significant abnormality requiring immediate operative revision. None of the patients who underwent reoperation experienced postoperative sequelae. Intraoperative digital angiography is useful in identifying complications of peripheral vascular operations

Plant Vascular Biology 2010

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ding, Biao

2014-11-17

This grant supported the Second International Conference on Plant Vascular Biology (PVB 2010) held July 24-28, 2010 on the campus of Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Biao Ding (Ohio State University; OSU) and David Hannapel (Iowa State University; ISU) served as co-chairs of this conference. Biao Ding served as the local organizer. PVB is defined broadly here to include studies on the biogenesis, structure and function of transport systems in plants, under conditions of normal plant growth and development as well as of plant interactions with pathogens. The transport systems cover broadly the xylem, phloem, plasmodesmata and vascular cell membranes. The PVB concept has emerged in recent years to emphasize the integrative nature of the transport systems and approaches to investigate them.

Vascular Surgery and Robotics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Indrani Sen

2016-01-01

Full Text Available The application of robotics to Vascular surgery has not progressed as rapidly as of endovascular technology, but this is changing with the amalgamation of these two fields. The advent of Endovascular robotics is an exciting field which overcomes many of the limitations of endovascular therapy like vessel tortuosity and operator fatigue. This has much clinical appeal for the surgeon and hold significant promise of better patient outcomes. As with most newer technological advances, it is still limited by cost and availability. However, this field has seen some rapid progress in the last decade with the technology moving into the clinical realm. This review details the development of robotics, applications, outcomes, advantages, disadvantages and current advances focussing on Vascular and Endovascular robotics

Clinical applications of robotic technology in vascular and endovascular surgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Antoniou, George A; Riga, Celia V; Mayer, Erik K; Cheshire, Nicholas J W; Bicknell, Colin D

2011-02-01

Emerging robotic technologies are increasingly being used by surgical disciplines to facilitate and improve performance of minimally invasive surgery. Robot-assisted intervention has recently been introduced into the field of vascular surgery to potentially enhance laparoscopic vascular and endovascular capabilities. The objective of this study was to review the current status of clinical robotic applications in vascular surgery. A systematic literature search was performed in order to identify all published clinical studies related to robotic implementation in vascular intervention. Web-based search engines were searched using the keywords "surgical robotics," "robotic surgery," "robotics," "computer assisted surgery," and "vascular surgery" or "endovascular" for articles published between January 1990 and November 2009. An evaluation and critical overview of these studies is reported. In addition, an analysis and discussion of supporting evidence for robotic computer-enhanced telemanipulation systems in relation to their applications in laparoscopic vascular and endovascular surgery was undertaken. Seventeen articles reporting on clinical applications of robotics in laparoscopic vascular and endovascular surgery were detected. They were either case reports or retrospective patient series and prospective studies reporting laparoscopic vascular and endovascular treatments for patients using robotic technology. Minimal comparative clinical evidence to evaluate the advantages of robot-assisted vascular procedures was identified. Robot-assisted laparoscopic aortic procedures have been reported by several studies with satisfactory results. Furthermore, the use of robotic technology as a sole modality for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and expansion of its applications to splenic and renal artery aneurysm reconstruction have been described. Robotically steerable endovascular catheter systems have potential advantages over conventional catheterization systems

Reimbursement in hospital-based vascular surgery: Physician and practice perspective.

Science.gov (United States)

Perri, Jennifer L; Zwolak, Robert M; Goodney, Philip P; Rutherford, Gretchen A; Powell, Richard J

2017-07-01

The purpose of this study was to determine change in value of a vascular surgery division to the health care system during 6 years at a hospital-based academic practice and to compare physician vs hospital revenue earned during this period. Total revenue generated by the vascular surgery service line at an academic medical center from 2010 through 2015 was evaluated. Total revenue was measured as the sum of physician (professional) and hospital (technical) net revenue for all vascular-related patient care. Adjustments were made for work performed, case complexity, and inflation. To reflect the effect of these variables, net revenue was indexed to work relative value units (wRVUs), case mix index, and consumer price index, which adjusted for work, case complexity, and inflation, respectively. Differences in physician and hospital net revenue were compared over time. Physician work, measured in RVUs per year, increased by 4%; case complexity, assessed with case mix index, increased by 10% for the 6-year measurement period. Despite stability in payer mix at 64% to 69% Medicare, both physician and hospital vascular-related revenue/wRVU decreased during this period. Unadjusted professional revenue/wRVU declined by 14.1% (P = .09); when considering case complexity, physician revenue/wRVU declined by 20.6% (P = .09). Taking into account both case complexity and inflation, physician revenue declined by 27.0% (P = .04). Comparatively, hospital revenue for vascular surgery services decreased by 13.8% (P = .07) when adjusting for unit work, complexity, and inflation. At medical centers where vascular surgeons are hospital based, vascular care reimbursement decreased substantially from 2010 to 2015 when case complexity and inflation were considered. Physician reimbursement (professional fees) decreased at a significantly greater rate than hospital reimbursement for vascular care. This trend has significant implications for salaried vascular surgeons in hospital

Vaccine-induced inflammation attenuates the vascular responses to mental stress

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Paine, N.J.; Ring, C.; Bosch, J.A.; Drayson, M.T.; Aldred, S.; Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J.J.C.S.

2014-01-01

Inflammation is associated with poorer vascular function, with evidence to suggest that inflammation can also impair the vascular responses to mental stress. This study examined the effects of vaccine-induced inflammation on vascular responses to mental stress in healthy participants. Eighteen male

Vascular diagnostics for Raynaud's phenomenon

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Dinsdale G

2014-10-01

Full Text Available Graham Dinsdale, Ariane L Herrick Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK Abstract: Raynaud's phenomenon (RP is common, and in most patients is primary (idiopathic when due to reversible vasospasm and does not progress to irreversible tissue injury. However, in those patients for whom RP is secondary to an underlying disease (eg, systemic sclerosis or atherosclerosis, progression to digital ulceration or critical ischemia can occur. Therefore, the key question for the clinician is “Why does this patient have RP?” Vascular diagnostics play a key role in answering this. In this review, we firstly discuss the different vascular investigations relevant to clinical practice: nail fold capillaroscopy (including the different methodologies for examining the nail fold capillaries, and the role of capillaroscopy in helping to differentiate between primary and systemic sclerosis-related RP, thermography (available in specialist centers, and evaluation of large vessel disease (for example, due to atherosclerosis. We then discuss research tools, mainly laser Doppler methods, including laser Doppler imaging and laser speckle contrast imaging. These are commercially available as complete imaging systems and are (relatively easy to use. The main current goal in vascular imaging research is to validate these novel state-of-the-art techniques as outcome measures of digital vascular disease, and then apply them in early and later phase studies of new treatment approaches, thus facilitating drug development programs. Keywords: Raynaud's phenomenon, systemic sclerosis, nail fold capillaroscopy, thermography, laser Doppler, angiography

Biomimicry, vascular restenosis and coronary stents.

Science.gov (United States)

Schwartz, R S; van der Giessen, W J; Holmes, D R

1998-01-01

Biomimicry is in its earliest stages and is being considered in the realm of tissue engineering. If arterial implants are to limit neointimal thickening, purely passive structures cannot succeed. Bioactivity must be present, either by pharmacologic intervention or by fabricating a 'living stent' that contains active cellular material. As tissue engineering evolves, useful solutions will emerge from applying this knowledge directly to vascular biologic problems resulting from angioplasty, stenting, and vascular prosthesis research.

The current role of vascular stents.

Science.gov (United States)

Busquet, J

1993-09-01

The limitations of percutaneous balloon angioplasty have favoured the development and the use of vascular endoprostheses or stents. These thin-walled metal devices maintain after expansion, an optimal and constant diameter for the vascular lumen. Restenosis, dissection, abrupt closure, residual stenosis or re-opened total occlusion represent appropriate indications for stenting. A large experience with non-coronary application of stents is currently available in iliac, femoro-popliteal and renal arteries, aorta, large veins.

Oxidative and inflammatory signals in obesity-associated vascular abnormalities.

Science.gov (United States)

Reho, John J; Rahmouni, Kamal

2017-07-15

Obesity is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in part due to vascular abnormalities such as endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffening. The hypertension and other health complications that arise from these vascular defects increase the risk of heart diseases and stroke. Prooxidant and proinflammatory signaling pathways as well as adipocyte-derived factors have emerged as critical mediators of obesity-associated vascular abnormalities. Designing treatments aimed specifically at improving the vascular dysfunction caused by obesity may provide an effective therapeutic approach to prevent the cardiovascular sequelae associated with excessive adiposity. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence supporting the role of oxidative stress and cytokines and inflammatory signals within the vasculature as well as the impact of the surrounding perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on the regulation of vascular function and arterial stiffening in obesity. In particular, we focus on the highly plastic nature of the vasculature in response to altered oxidant and inflammatory signaling and highlight how weight management can be an effective therapeutic approach to reduce the oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling and improve vascular function. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

Matrix ageing and vascular impacts: focus on elastin fragmentation.

Science.gov (United States)

Duca, Laurent; Blaise, Sébastien; Romier, Béatrice; Laffargue, Muriel; Gayral, Stéphanie; El Btaouri, Hassan; Kawecki, Charlotte; Guillot, Alexandre; Martiny, Laurent; Debelle, Laurent; Maurice, Pascal

2016-06-01

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide and represent a major problem of public health. Over the years, life expectancy has considerably increased throughout the world, and the prevalence of CVD is inevitably rising with the growing ageing of the population. The normal process of ageing is associated with progressive deterioration in structure and function of the vasculature, commonly called vascular ageing. At the vascular level, extracellular matrix (ECM) ageing leads to molecular alterations in long half-life proteins, such as elastin and collagen, and have critical effects on vascular diseases. This review highlights ECM alterations occurring during vascular ageing with a specific focus on elastin fragmentation and also the contribution of elastin-derived peptides (EDP) in age-related vascular complications. Moreover, current and new pharmacological strategies aiming at minimizing elastin degradation, EDP generation, and associated biological effects are discussed. These strategies may be of major relevance for preventing and/or delaying vascular ageing and its complications. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2016. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Diverse Imaging characteristics of a mandibular intraosseous vascular lesion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Handa, Hina; Naidu, Giridhar S.; Dara, Balaji Gandhi Babu; Deshpande, Ashwini; Raghavendra, Raju

2014-01-01

Intraosseous vascular lesions of the maxillofacial region are rare, and the differential diagnosis of intraosseous vascular malformations from other jaw lesions can be challenging. In the present case, magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was used for diagnosis, and the lesion was treated with surgical excision. Diverse characteristics such as the 'honeycomb' and 'sunburst' radiographic appearances and the absence of major peripheral feeder vessels in the CTA were noted. Intraosseous vascular malformations have a varied radiographic appearance, and the nomenclature of these lesions is equally diverse, with several overlapping terms. Pathologists do not generally differentiate among intraosseous vascular lesions on the basis of histopathology, although these lesions may present with contrasting immunohistochemical and clinical behaviors requiring varied treatment strategies. This case report highlights the need for multiple imaging modalities to differentiate among vascular lesions, as well as to better understand the behaviors of these unique lesions.

Diseño de una estrategia de desarrollo responsable y sostenible de productividad estructurada en los soportes categóricos y enfoques productivos

OpenAIRE

Martínez Rojas, Jazmith Adriana; Botero Muzulini, Juan Carlos

2012-01-01

El presente documento, tiene como finalidad presentar una estrategia de desarrollo responsable y sostenible social y ambientalmente, estructurada en cinco ejes categóricos y tres enfoques de la productividad, los cuales son determinados en el recorrido de la investigación. This document aims to present a strategy for sustainable development and social responsibility and environmentally structured in five main categorical and three productivity approaches, which are determined in the course...

Prueba chi-cuadrado y enfoque de señales como modelos de alerta temprana de crisis bancarias: aplicación al caso ecuatoriano

OpenAIRE

Rumbea Pavisic, Juan Francisco; Ayala Salcedo, Roberto Andres

2009-01-01

Este trabajo trata de modelar la crisis bancaria del Ecuador en 1995-1996. Para esto se analiza las situaciones específicas que diferencian a los bancos de otras empresas en una economía de mercado. Luego, se analiza la experiencia de la crisis. Finalmente se elabora un modelo de alerta temprana para la crisis bancaria de 1995-1996 basado en el enfoque de señales y prueba Chi-cuadrado.

Enfoques gerenciales modernos en el proceso de cambio organizacional de la Universidad del Zulia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Elvira Anniccharico

2002-05-01

Full Text Available El presente trabajo es una investigación de tipo descriptiva, que está basada en la información suministrada por los directivos de las dependencias seleccionadas a través de un cuestionario elaborado para tal fin y cuyo objetivo es determinar el grado de aplicabilidad de los enfoques gerenciales modernos (EGM en los procesos del cambio de la Universidad del Zulia. Los resultados evidencian que el Mejoramiento Continuo de Procesos el el EGM más utilizado; pero a pesar de haber realizado esfuerzos para su aplicación, existen algunos aspectos institucionales que debilitan significativamente la incidencia en su efectividad. Se concluye que para la aplicación efectiva de los EGM debe definirse lineamientos estratégicos enmarcados en un contexto, partiendo del análisis de los factores facilitadores y obstaculizadores, donde se oriente el cambio hacia la personalidad de la organización.

EUS-Guided Vascular Procedures: A Literature Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tomislav Bokun

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS is continuously stepping into the therapeutic arena, simultaneously evolving in different directions, such as the management of pancreatic and biliary diseases, celiac neurolysis, delivering local intratumoral therapy, and EUS-guided endosurgery. EUS-guided vascular procedures are also challenging, considering the variety of vascular pathology, proximity of the vascular structures to the GI tract wall, high resolution, and real-time guidance offering an attractive access route and precise delivery of the intervention. The literature on vascular therapeutic EUS demonstrates techniques for the management of upper GI variceal and nonvariceal bleeding, pseudoaneurysms, and coiling and embolization procedures, as well as the creation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. The paucity of studies, diversity of study designs, and the number of animal model studies hamper a systematic approach to the conclusion and decision making important to clinicians and healthcare policy makers. Nevertheless, theoretical benefits and findings up to date concerning technical feasibility, efficacy, and safety of the procedures drive further research and development in this rather young therapeutic arena.

Evaluation of ultrasound-guided vascular access in dogs.

Science.gov (United States)

Chamberlin, Scott C; Sullivan, Lauren A; Morley, Paul S; Boscan, Pedro

2013-01-01

To describe the technique and determine the feasibility, success rate, perceived difficulty, and time to vascular access using ultrasound guidance for jugular vein catheterization in a cardiac arrest dog model. Prospective descriptive study. University teaching hospital. Nine Walker hounds. A total of 27 jugular catheterizations were performed postcardiac arrest using ultrasound guidance. Catheterizations were recorded based on the order in which they were performed and presence/absence of a hematoma around the vein. Time (minutes) until successful vascular access and perceived difficulty in achieving vascular access (scale of 1 = easy to 10 = difficult) were recorded for each catheterization. Mean time to vascular access was 1.9 minutes (95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.4 min) for catheterizations without hematoma, versus 4.3 minutes (1.8-10.1 min) for catheterizations with hematoma (P = 0.1). Median perceived difficulty was 2 of 10 (range 1-7) for catheterizations without hematoma, versus 2 of 10 (range 1-8) for catheterizations with hematoma (P = 0.3). A learning curve was evaluated by comparing mean time to vascular access and perceived difficulty in initial versus subsequent catheterizations. Mean time to vascular access was 2.5 minutes (1.0-6.4 min) in the initial 13 catheterizations versus 3.3 minutes (1.5-7.5 min) in the subsequent 14 catheterizations (P = 0.6). Median perceived difficulty in the first 13 catheterizations (3, range 1-8) was significantly greater (P = 0.049) than median perceived difficulty in the subsequent 14 catheterizations (2, range 1-6). Ultrasound-guided jugular catheterization is associated with a learning curve but is successful in obtaining rapid vascular access in dogs. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the utility of this technique in a clinical setting. © Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2013.

Una Medicion de la Pobreza: Un Enfoque Complementario para el Caso Colombiano

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sinisterra Paz Gullermo A.

2003-08-01

Full Text Available

Sinisterra Paz, Guillermo A. " Una Medicion de la Pobreza: Un Enfoque Complementario para el Caso Colombiano" , Cuadernos de Economia, V. XXII , n. 38, Bogotá, 2003, paginas 127 - 150.

En la literatura sobre la pobreza es cada vez mas aceptada la perspectiva sociologica de privaciones relativas, entendida como los los sentimientos de frustacion que tienen las personas al interior de la sociedad, al no tener acceso a las oportunidades que si son viables para otros. A partir de esto se han estructurado varios modelos que buscan medir dicha definicion de pobreza desde el punto de vista de la teoria economica. Se busca dar una vision complementaria a la forma de calcular la pobreza en Colombia, ultilizando el concepto de privaciones relativas, que es mucho mas rico en informacion que los conceptos normalmente utilizados, esto permite diagnosticar mejor quienes son pobres y quienes no lo son. Ademas, son aproximacimaciones que han sido tomadas por lo general en los paises desarrollados. Se utilizo una aproximacion econometrica a la definicion de la pobreza basada en tecnicas de analisis de secciones  transversales.

AUTOEVALUACIÓN Y ACREDITACIÓN DEL POSTGRADO: PREMISAS DE UN ENFOQUE PROSPECTIVO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Danilo Arquímedes Quiñones Reyna

2011-06-01

Full Text Available La concepción didáctica de la Educación Postgraduada presupone un análisis reflexivo de la relación centralización-descentralización, la que se configura como antinomia de los modelos en los diferentes niveles de Educación, desde la primaria hasta el preuniversitario; que como precedentes de la Educación Superior, nos orientan desde un enfoque prospectivo, hacia el perfeccionamiento de las estrategias de orientación profesional y captación de estudiantes para las diferentes carreras y el estudio de las particularidades del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Se debe tomar en cuenta la necesaria consideración de las categorías pedagógicas generales y las didácticas más particulares, en las que la evaluación se distingue como un proceso de retroalimentación prospectivo, así como, la autoevaluación y acreditación, los cuales se conciben como macroprocesos integradores que demandan la evaluación de su impacto sobre la base de determinados indicadores en las Universidades de Ciencias Pedagógicas.

Vascular pathology: Cause or effect in Alzheimer disease?

Science.gov (United States)

Rius-Pérez, S; Tormos, A M; Pérez, S; Taléns-Visconti, R

2018-03-01

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the main cortical neurodegenerative disease. The incidence of this disease increases with age, causing significant medical, social and economic problems, especially in countries with ageing populations. This review aims to highlight existing evidence of how vascular dysfunction may contribute to cognitive impairment in AD, as well as the therapeutic possibilities that might arise from this evidence. The vascular hypothesis emerged as an alternative to the amyloid cascade hypothesis as an explanation for the pathophysiology of AD. This hypothesis locates blood vessels as the origin for a variety of pathogenic pathways that lead to neuronal damage and dementia. Destruction of the organisation of the blood brain barrier, decreased cerebral blood flow, and the establishment of an inflammatory context would thus be responsible for any subsequent neuronal damage since these factors promote aggregation of β-amyloid peptide in the brain. The link between neurodegeneration and vascular dysfunction pathways has provided new drug targets and therapeutic approaches that will add to the treatments for AD. It is difficult to determine whether the vascular component in AD is the cause or the effect of the disease, but there is no doubt that vascular pathology has an important relationship with AD. Vascular dysfunction is likely to act synergistically with neurodegenerative changes in a cycle that exacerbates the cognitive impairment found in AD. Copyright © 2015 Sociedad Española de Neurología. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Radiological findings and interventions for iatrogenic vascular injuries

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lee, Kyoung Ho; Chung, Jin Wook; Kim, Tae Kyoung; Han, Sang Wook; Lee, Jong Seog; Park, Jae Hyung; Kim, Jong Hyo; Han, Man Chung

1998-01-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the radiological findings and effectiveness of radiological interventions in patients with iatrogenic vascular injuries. We analyzed 50 patients with iatrogenic vascular injuries treated with radiological intervention. The causes of injuries were surgery (n=20), cardiovascular intervention (n=15), non-cardiovascular radiological intervention (n=14), and endoscopic intervention (n=1). The injury had resulted in hemorrhage in 35 cases. The iliac and/or femoral, hepatic, and renal vessels were commonly injured. Angiography, ultrasonography with Doppler examination, CT, and CT angiography were performed to diagnose vascular injuries and guide the radiological intervention. The mean follow-up period was 23 months and in 16 cases was more than one year. the major radiological findings were extravasation, pseudoaneurysm, arteriovenous shunt, or vascular obstruction. To control these lesions, radiological interventions such as embolization (n=36), local urokinase administration, stent insertion, foreign body removal, ultrasonography-guided compression, or stent-graft insertion were performed. The clinical problems were immediately controlled by the single trials of radiological interventions and did not recur in 40 cases (80%). Radiological examinations and interventions are useful in cases with iatrogenic vascular injuries. (author). 14 refs., 4 figs

3D Multiscale Modelling of Angiogenesis and Vascular Tumour Growth

KAUST Repository

Perfahl, H.; Byrne, H. M.; Chen, T.; Estrella, V.; Alarcó n, T.; Lapin, A.; Gatenby, R. A.; Gillies, R. J.; Lloyd, M. C.; Maini, P. K.; Reuss, M.; Owen, M. R.

2012-01-01

We present a three-dimensional, multiscale model of vascular tumour growth, which couples nutrient/growth factor transport, blood flow, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, movement of and interactions between normal and tumour cells, and nutrient-dependent cell cycle dynamics within each cell. We present computational simulations which show how a vascular network may evolve and interact with tumour and healthy cells. We also demonstrate how our model may be combined with experimental data, to predict the spatio-temporal evolution of a vascular tumour.

3D Multiscale Modelling of Angiogenesis and Vascular Tumour Growth

KAUST Repository

Perfahl, H.

2012-11-01

We present a three-dimensional, multiscale model of vascular tumour growth, which couples nutrient/growth factor transport, blood flow, angiogenesis, vascular remodelling, movement of and interactions between normal and tumour cells, and nutrient-dependent cell cycle dynamics within each cell. We present computational simulations which show how a vascular network may evolve and interact with tumour and healthy cells. We also demonstrate how our model may be combined with experimental data, to predict the spatio-temporal evolution of a vascular tumour.

Review of gestational diabetes mellitus effects on vascular structure and function.

Science.gov (United States)

Jensen, Louise A; Chik, Constance L; Ryan, Edmond A

2016-05-01

Vascular dysfunction has been described in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, previous gestational diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Factors contributing to vascular changes remain uncertain. The aim of this review was to summarize vascular structure and function changes found to occur in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus and to identify factors that contribute to vascular dysfunction. A systematic search of electronic databases yielded 15 publications from 1998 to March 2014 that met the inclusion criteria. Our review confirmed that previous gestational diabetes mellitus contributes to vascular dysfunction, and the most consistent risk factor associated with previous gestational diabetes mellitus and vascular dysfunction was elevated body mass index. Heterogeneity existed across studies in determining the relationship of glycaemic levels and insulin resistance to vascular dysfunction. © The Author(s) 2016.

SISTEMA DE FALLAS DE CALIDAD: ESTUDIO DE CASO CON UN ENFOQUE DE GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gerardo Sánchez Schmitz

2004-03-01

Full Text Available

El presente estudio de caso se desarrolló en el Departamento de Calidad en una de las empresas comercializadoras de carne más importantes de México, ubicada en Hermosillo, Sonora, al noroeste de México. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la solución a un problema de manejo de información de fallas de calidad documentadas en el Departamento de Control de Calidad, utilizando el enfoque de gestión del conocimiento mediante el desarrollo de una memoria organizacional, para darle una solución más rápida a las reclamaciones de los clientes (internos y externos.

VEGF signaling inside vascular endothelial cells and beyond.

Science.gov (United States)

Eichmann, Anne; Simons, Michael

2012-04-01

Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) has long been recognized as the key regulator of vascular development and function in health and disease. VEGF is a secreted polypeptide that binds to transmembrane tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors on the plasma membrane, inducing their dimerization, activation and assembly of a membrane-proximal signaling complex. Recent studies have revealed that many key events of VEGFR signaling occur inside the endothelial cell and are regulated by endosomal receptor trafficking. Plasma membrane VEGFR interacting molecules, including vascular guidance receptors Neuropilins and Ephrins also regulate VEGFR endocytosis and trafficking. VEGF signaling is increasingly recognized for its roles outside of the vascular system, notably during neural development, and blood vessels regulate epithelial branching morphogenesis. We review here recent advances in our understanding of VEGF signaling and its biological roles. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

COMPETITIVIDAD DE EMPRESAS TURÍSTICAS: UN ANÁLISIS DESDE EL ENFOQUE SISTÉMICO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

MERCY LOLLY NARVÁEZ CASTRO

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Este artículo muestra los resultados de una investigación cuyo objeto fue el análisis de la competitivi- dad de las empresas que conforman el sector de alojamiento turístico en el contexto de la localidad de la península de Paraguaná –Estado Falcón (Venezuela bajo los lineamientos del enfoque sistémi- co. La metodología combina los diseños documental y de campo, dispuestos como estrategias de recolección de información. La fase de campo fue de tipo no experimental, de naturaleza transversal o transeccional, empleándose para la recolección de información una encuesta, la cual fue aplicada a un censo poblacional de nueve (9 empresas hoteleras. Como aporte se presenta una propuesta estratégica orientada no solo a alcanzar el posicionamiento competitivo del sector turístico hotelero, sino también el desarrollo de la localidad paraguanera, la cual es considerada como un destino turís- tico emergente a escala nacional.

Retinal artery occlusion and associated recurrent vascular risk with underlying etiologies.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jeong-Ho Hong

Full Text Available RAO is caused by various etiologies and subsequent vascular events may be associated with underlying etiologies. Our aim is to investigate the etiologies of RAO, the occurrence of subsequent vascular events and their association in patients with RAO.We analyzed data from 151 consecutive patients presenting with acute non-arteritic RAO between 2003 and 2013 in a single tertiary-care hospital. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a vascular event defined as stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death within 365 days of the RAO onset. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard model were used to estimate the hazard ratio of the vascular events.Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA was the etiology more frequently associated with of RAO (41.1%, 62/151. During the one year follow-up, ischemic stroke and vascular events occurred in 8.6% and 9.9% of patients, respectively. Ten vascular events occurred in RAO patients attributed to LAA and 4 occurred in undetermined etiology. RAO patients with LAA had a nearly four times higher risk of vascular events compared to those without LAA (hazard ratio 3.94, 95% confidence interval 1.21-12.81. More than a half of all events occurred within one month and over three fourths of ischemic strokes occurred ipsilateral to the RAO.After occurrence of RAO, there is a high risk of a subsequent vascular event, particularly ipsilateral stroke, within one month. LAA is an independent factor for the occurrence of a subsequent vascular event. Management for the prevention of secondary vascular events is necessary in patients with RAO especially with LAA. Large clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

Cutaneous vascular anomalies associated with neural tube defects: nomenclature and pathology revisited.

Science.gov (United States)

Maugans, Todd; Sheridan, Rachel M; Adams, Denise; Gupta, Anita

2011-07-01

Lumbosacral cutaneous vascular anomalies associated with neural tube defects are frequently described in the literature as "hemangiomas." The classification system for pediatric vascular anomalies developed by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies provides a framework to accurately diagnose these lesions. To apply this classification to vascular cutaneous anomalies overlying myelodysplasias. A retrospective analysis of patients with neural tube defects and lumbosacral cutaneous vascular lesions was performed. All eligible patients had detailed histopathologic analysis of skin and spinal cord/placode lesions. Clinical and radiologic features were analyzed. Conventional histology and GLUT-1 immunostaining were performed to differentiate infantile capillary hemangiomas from capillary vascular malformations. Ten cases with cutaneous lesions associated with neural tube defects were reviewed. Five lesions were diagnosed as infantile capillary hemangiomas based upon histology and positive GLUT-1 endothelial reactivity. These lesions had a strong association with dermal sinus tracts. No reoperations were required for residual intraspinal vascular lesions, and overlying cutaneous vascular anomalies involuted with time. The remaining 5 lesions were diagnosed as capillary malformations. These occurred with both open and closed neural tube defects, did not involute, and demonstrated enlargement and darkening due to vascular congestion. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies scheme should be used to describe the cutaneous vascular lesions associated with neural tube defects: infantile capillary hemangiomas and capillary malformations. We advocate that these lesions be described as "vascular anomalies" or "stains" pending accurate diagnosis by clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations.

Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Collaboration, Emerging Risk Factors; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Sarwar, Nadeem

2009-01-01

CONTEXT: Associations of major lipids and apolipoproteins with the risk of vascular disease have not been reliably quantified. OBJECTIVE: To assess major lipids and apolipoproteins in vascular risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Individual records were supplied on 302,430 people without...

Individualized Vascular Disease Prevention in High-Risk Patients

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kaasenbrood, L

2016-01-01

In the pharmacologic prevention of vascular events, clinicians need to translate average effects from a clinical trial to the individual patient. Prediction models can contribute to individualized vascular disease prevention by selecting patients for treatment based on estimated risk or expected

REDUCED THROMBOGENICITY OF VASCULAR PROSTHESES BY COATING WITH ADP-ASE

NARCIS (Netherlands)

VANDERLEI, B; ROBINSON, PH; BAKKER, WW; Bartels, H.

1992-01-01

In this pilot study ADP-ase coated polyurethane (PL) vascular prostheses and noncoated (control) PU vascular prostheses (all vascular prostheses: ID 1.5 mm, length 1,5 cm) were implanted into the carotid artery of the rabbit to test wheter ADP-ase might function as an adequate anti-thrombogenic

El derecho a la salud: una visión a partir del enfoque de capacidades

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Alba L. Vélez Arango

2015-02-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: 1 identificar en las tesis libertarias y en la tradición liberal igualitaria de John Rawls la aceptación y/o rechazo de la protección de la salud como requisito de justicia social. 2 Analizar en los idearios teóricos de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum elementos a favor de la protección de la salud y su goce efectivo como parte de los derechos que deben reconocerse por la sociedad, como respuesta a cuestiones de justicia social. Metodología: investigación de carácter filosófico, analizó críticamente los fundamentos morales y políticos que sustentan el reconocimiento del derecho a la salud como un requisito de justicia social. Resultados: en el proyecto rawlsiano la estructura básica de la sociedad debe distribuir ciertos “bienes primarios”, cosas que se presume que todo ser racional desea para poder desarrollar los planes de vida. Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum proponen el enfoque de las capacidades humanas básicas; el primero lo justifica en torno a la libertad y la segunda como requisitos básicos para una vida digna. Nussbaum justifica una lista de diez capacidades, dentro de las cuales incluye la vida, la salud física y la integridad física; todas relacionadas directamente con la salud. Así la tutela en salud se torna en condición necesaria de justicia social. El enfoque de las capacidades introduce la idea de un umbral para cada capacidad, por debajo del cual se considera que los ciudadanos no pueden funcionar de un modo auténticamente humano. Conclusiones: la protección de la salud instrumentalizada a través del sistema de salud es condición necesaria para el desarrollo de la vida que cada individuo tiene razones para valorar. Su protección debe darse dentro de los umbrales mínimos de justicia y la meta social debería entenderse en el sentido de lograr que los ciudadanos se sitúen por encima de este conjunto de capacidades entre las que se encuentra la salud.

Defectos de la pared abdominal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Adis L. Peña Cedeño

2004-03-01

Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio de los fetos con malformaciones congénitas, dadas por defecto de la pared abdominal (DPA, nacidos en el Hospital Universitario Ginecoobstétrico de Guanabacoa durante los años 1984 al 2000, para determinar la frecuencia de los distintos tipos de defectos de la pared abdominal y las malformaciones asociadas a éstas. Se revisaron los protocolos de necropsias e historias clínicas en este período y se obtuvieron 25 casos con DPA. La malformación más frecuente fue el onfalocele con 14 casos, seguido de la gastrosquisis con 6 casos. Se hallaron malformaciones asociadas en el 68 % de los casos, y se comprobó la efectividad del Programa Nacional de Malformaciones Congénitas, pues en el 80 % de las pacientes se interrumpió precozmente el embarazo.A study of the fetuses with congenital malformations due to defect of the abdominal wall (AWD that were born at the Gynecoobstetric Teaching Hospital of Guanabacoa from 1984 to 2000 was conducted aimed at determining the frequency of the different types of defects of the abdominal wall and the malformations associated with them. The protocosl of necropsies and medical histories corresponding to this period were reviewed and 25 cases with AWD were detected. The most common malformation was omphalocele with 14 cases, followed by gastrosquisis with 6 cases. Associated malformations were found in 68 % of the cases and it was proved the effectiveness of the National Program of Congenital Malformations, since pregnancy was interrupted early in 80 % of the patients.

Retos del tratamiento penitenciario en Colombia: enfoque y acción diferencial de género desde la perspectiva internacional

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Francisco José del Pozo Serrano

2015-04-01

Full Text Available El estudio analiza, desde el enfoque de género, los principales aspectos socio-jurídicos relativos a las mujeres y madres reclusas en Colombia (e infancia, a partir de los marcos internacionales de derechos humanos y de derecho penitenciario. La metodología utilizada es descriptiva e interpretativa, a través del análisis documental de las leyes penitenciarias -y específicamente la reciente ley colombiana 1709 de 2014-, así como de los informes especializados sobre las necesidades relevantes de las mujeres reclusas. Los resultados exponen los avances que la Ley 1709 presenta, analizando su insuficiencia para mejorar la igualdad en el ámbito penitenciario colombiano en relación con la salud, la educación, el ámbito socio-laboral, y en especial materno-filial y familiar de las mujeres. Para finalizar, se aborda el modelo penitenciario español como referente internacional avanzado en materia de género, a partir del plan penitenciario de igualdad y algunas formas alternativas de cumplimiento para mujeres (las unidades dependientes de madres o las unidades externas. Conclusiones: la nueva ley avanza en su tratamiento hacia las mujeres, pero no asume una política integral de género que dé respuestas especializadas desde enfoques diferenciales y alternativos, especialmente para las madres y sus infantes. En este sentido, el modelo español podría ser referencia, con sus necesarias contextualizaciones específicas, para el reto colombiano.

DISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DE LA CALIDAD CON UN ENFOQUE DE INGENIERÍA DE LA CALIDAD

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa Amelia González Rodríguez

2008-11-01

Full Text Available

La empresa contemporánea no sólo busca la eficiencia de sus procesos, sino la eficacia de su gestión para obtener productos que satisfagan las crecientes necesidades y expectativas de los clientes; y para ello se han desarrollado varios modelos de gestión como los Sistemas de Gestión de la Calidad basados en la norma ISO 9001:2008, ampliamente difundidos actualmente. Este modelo está basado en ocho principios entre los que se encuentran el enfoque basado en procesos, la toma de decisiones basada en hechos y la mejora continua, estrechamente relacionados con el pensamiento estadístico como filosofía de aprendizaje y acción. El análisis estadístico de los datos derivados de los procesos a través del uso de ingeniería de la calidad contribuye a entender la naturaleza, alcance y causas de la variabilidad, ayudando así a resolver y/o prevenir los problemas que podrían derivarse de dicha variabilidad y a promover la mejora continua. El diseño de un Sistema de Gestión de la Calidad con un enfoque de ingeniería de la calidad es la solución que se plantea ante la necesidad del análisis de datos derivados de los procesos y del uso de herramientas para esto, garantizando a la vez la eficacia de los procesos y la satisfacción del cliente.

Cell proliferation along vascular islands during microvascular network growth

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Kelly-Goss Molly R

2012-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract Background Observations in our laboratory provide evidence of vascular islands, defined as disconnected endothelial cell segments, in the adult microcirculation. The objective of this study was to determine if vascular islands are involved in angiogenesis during microvascular network growth. Results Mesenteric tissues, which allow visualization of entire microvascular networks at a single cell level, were harvested from unstimulated adult male Wistar rats and Wistar rats 3 and 10 days post angiogenesis stimulation by mast cell degranulation with compound 48/80. Tissues were immunolabeled for PECAM and BRDU. Identification of vessel lumens via injection of FITC-dextran confirmed that endothelial cell segments were disconnected from nearby patent networks. Stimulated networks displayed increases in vascular area, length density, and capillary sprouting. On day 3, the percentage of islands with at least one BRDU-positive cell increased compared to the unstimulated level and was equal to the percentage of capillary sprouts with at least one BRDU-positive cell. At day 10, the number of vascular islands per vascular area dramatically decreased compared to unstimulated and day 3 levels. Conclusions These results show that vascular islands have the ability to proliferate and suggest that they are able to incorporate into the microcirculation during the initial stages of microvascular network growth.

Nestin upregulation characterizes vascular remodeling secondary to hypertension in the rat.

Science.gov (United States)

Tardif, Kim; Hertig, Vanessa; Duquette, Natacha; Villeneuve, Louis; El-Hamamsy, Ismail; Tanguay, Jean-François; Calderone, Angelino

2015-05-15

Proliferation and hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells represent hallmark features of vessel remodeling secondary to hypertension. The intermediate filament protein nestin was recently identified in vascular smooth muscle cells and in other cell types directly participated in proliferation. The present study tested the hypothesis that vessel remodeling secondary to hypertension was characterized by nestin upregulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Two weeks after suprarenal abdominal aorta constriction of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, elevated mean arterial pressure increased the media area and thickness of the carotid artery and aorta and concomitantly upregulated nestin protein levels. In the normal adult rat carotid artery, nestin immunoreactivity was observed in a subpopulation of vascular smooth muscle cells, and the density significantly increased following suprarenal abdominal aorta constriction. Filamentous nestin was detected in cultured rat carotid artery- and aorta-derived vascular smooth muscle cells and an analogous paradigm observed in human aorta-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. ANG II and EGF treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated DNA and protein synthesis and increased nestin protein levels. Lentiviral short-hairpin RNA-mediated nestin depletion of carotid artery-derived vascular smooth muscle cells inhibited peptide growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis, whereas protein synthesis remained intact. These data have demonstrated that vessel remodeling secondary to hypertension was characterized in part by nestin upregulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. The selective role of nestin in peptide growth factor-stimulated DNA synthesis has revealed that the proliferative and hypertrophic responses of vascular smooth muscle cells were mediated by divergent signaling events. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

The impact of various scaffold components on vascularized bone constructs.

Science.gov (United States)

Eweida, Ahmad; Schulte, Matthias; Frisch, Oliver; Kneser, Ulrich; Harhaus, Leila

2017-06-01

Bone tissue engineering is gaining more interest in the field of craniofacial surgery where continuous efforts are being made to improve the outcomes via modulation of the scaffold components. In an in vitro three dimensional (3D) culture, the effect of bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2, 60 μg/ml) and the effect of different cell seeding densities (0.25, 0.5, and 1 × 104) of rat mesenchymal stem cells seeded on nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite in silica gel matrix (Nanobone ® ) on the cell viability and differentiation were studied. Alkaline phosphatase and viability assays were performed at day 7, day 14, and day 21 to assess the differentiation and the relative fraction of viable cells in the 3D cell cultures. In a subsequent in vivo study, we examined the effect of axial vascularization, the scaffold's particle size and the nature of the matrix (collagen type I vs. diluted fibrin) on vascularization and tissue generation in vascularized bone construct in rats. Regarding vascularization, we compared constructs vascularized randomly by extrinsic vascularization from the periphery of the implanted construct with others vascularized axially via an implanted arteriovenous loop (AVL). Regarding the particle size, we compared constructs having a scaffold particle size of 0.2 mm (powder) with other constructs having a particle size of 2 × 0.6 mm (granules). Regarding the matrix we compared constructs having a collagen matrix with others having a fibrin matrix. Various groups were compared regarding the amount of tissue generation, vascularization, and cellular proliferation. The initial seeding density had a temporary and minimal effect on the overall osteogenic differentiation of the cells. On the contrary, adding BMP2 in a concentration of 60 μg/ml over one week led to an overall enhanced osteogenic differentiation despite depressed cell viability. Axial vascularization was mandatory for efficient tissue formation and vascularization of the bone construct

El enfoque científico de la contabilidad como aporte al desarrollo de la economía humana a nivel internacional

OpenAIRE

García Casella, Carlos Luis

2007-01-01

Para lograr una plena colaboración entre la contabilidad y la economía un aspecto importante es reconocer el enfoque científico de la contabilidad que deriva de su concepto, sus características, los términos primitivos que utiliza y sus supuestos básicos. En base a la hipótesis de existencia de segmentos contables, se concentra en el denominado contabilidad social según la definición del profesor emérito de la Universidad de Buenos Aires William Leslie Chapman. Se trata sus dos partes princi...

Permanent vascular access in patients with end-stage renal disease, Brazil Acceso vascular permanente en pacientes renales crónicos terminales en Brasil Acesso vascular permanente em pacientes renais crônicos terminais no Brasil

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Gisele Macedo da Silva

2011-04-01

Full Text Available OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with the establishment of permanent vascular access for patients with end-stage renal disease. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian end-stage renal disease patients in dialysis and transplant centers during 2007. The sample comprised only patients who received hemodialysis as a primary therapy modality and reported the type of vascular access for their primary hemodialysis treatment (N=2,276. Data were from the TRS Project - "Economic and Epidemiologic Evaluation of Modalities of Renal Replacement Therapy in Brazil". Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with the establishment of permanent vascular access in these patients. RESULTS: About 30% of the patients studied had an arteriovenous vascular access. The following factors were associated with a lower likelihood of having an arteriovenous vascular access as a primary type of access: time of hemodialysis start since the diagnosis of chronic renal failure OBJETIVO: Analizar factores asociados a la provisión de acceso vascular arteriovenoso en Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal, nacionalmente representativo, con pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal acompañados en servicios de diálisis o en centros transplantadores en el año de 2007. La muestra incluyó pacientes que tuvieron la hemodiálisis como primera modalidad de tratamiento y que sabían con que tipo de acceso vascular habían iniciado el tratamiento (N=2.276. Los datos son oriundos del Proyecto TRS - "Evaluación económica-epidemiológica de las modalidades de Terapia renal Sustitutiva en Brasil". Fue utilizada la regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: Aproximadamente 30% de los pacientes tenían acceso vascular arteriovenoso. Los factores asociados a la baja probabilidad de tener acceso vascular arteriovenoso como primer tipo de acceso fueron: tiempo de diagnóstico de enfermedad

Radiological study of cerebro-vascular accidents

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Misri, H.T.; Kabawe, Bassam

1991-01-01

The role of computerized tomography scanner in studying the cerebro-vascular accidents has been discussed. One hundred fifty patients with cerebro-vascular accidents were studied at Aleppo University Hospital between 1989-1990. Clinical history and physical examination were recorded, as well as, computerized tomography scanning in all cases without using the contrast media mostly. Relationship between the density of the lesion (inforctionor hemorrhage) and the time has been found. This relationship can help in forensic medicine. (author). 29 refs., 5 tabs., 2 figs

Vascular training and endovascular practice in Europe

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Liapis, C.D.; Avgerinos, E.D.; Sillesen, H.

2009-01-01

specialties was distributed to a VS educator within 14 European countries. European Vascular and Endovascular Monitor (EVEM) data also were processed to correlate endovascular practice with training models. RESULTS: Fourteen questionnaires were gathered. Vascular training in Europe appears in 3 models: 1....... Mono-specialty (independence): 7 countries, 2. Subspecialty: 5 countries, 3. An existing specialty within general surgery: 2 countries. Independent compared to non-independent certification shortens overall training length (5.9 vs 7.9 years, p=0.006), while increasing overall training devoted......% respectively. Countries with independent vascular certification, despite their lower average endovascular index (procedures per 100,000 population), reported a higher growth rate of aortic endovascular procedures (VS independent 132% vs VS non-independent 87%), within a four-year period (2003-2007). Peripheral...

The adventitia: Essential role in pulmonary vascular remodeling.

Science.gov (United States)

Stenmark, Kurt R; Nozik-Grayck, Eva; Gerasimovskaya, Evgenia; Anwar, Adil; Li, Min; Riddle, Suzette; Frid, Maria

2011-01-01

A rapidly emerging concept is that the vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and comprises a variety of cells including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells, resident progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to then influence tone and structure of the vessel wall. Experimental data indicate that the adventitial fibroblast, the most abundant cellular constituent of adventitia, is a critical regulator of vascular wall function. In response to vascular stresses such as overdistension, hypoxia, or infection, the adventitial fibroblast is activated and undergoes phenotypic changes that include proliferation, differentiation, and production of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules, release of reactive oxygen species, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and metalloproteinases that, collectively, affect medial smooth muscle cell tone and growth directly and that stimulate recruitment and retention of circulating inflammatory and progenitor cells to the vessel wall. Resident dendritic cells also participate in "sensing" vascular stress and actively communicate with fibroblasts and progenitor cells to simulate repair processes that involve expansion of the vasa vasorum, which acts as a conduit for further delivery of inflammatory/progenitor cells. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of pulmonary vascular wall function and structure from the "outside in." © 2011 American Physiological Society.

Sensing of Vascular Permeability in Inflamed Vessel of Live Animal

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Sang A Park

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Increase in vascular permeability is a conclusive response in the progress of inflammation. Under controlled conditions, leukocytes are known to migrate across the vascular barriers to the sites of inflammation without severe vascular rupture. However, when inflammatory state becomes excessive, the leakage of blood components may occur and can be lethal. Basically, vascular permeability can be analyzed based on the intensity of blood outflow. To evaluate the amount and rate of leakage in live mice, we performed cremaster muscle exteriorization to visualize blood flow and neutrophil migration. Using two-photon intravital microscopy of the exteriorized cremaster muscle venules, we found that vascular barrier function is transiently and locally disrupted in the early stage of inflammatory condition induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP. Measurement of the concentration of intravenously (i.v. injected Texas Red dextran inside and outside the vessels resulted in clear visualization of real-time increases in transient and local vascular permeability increase in real-time manner. We successfully demonstrated repeated leakage from a target site on a blood vessel in association with increasing severity of inflammation. Therefore, compared to other methods, two-photon intravital microscopy more accurately visualizes and quantifies vascular permeability even in a small part of blood vessels in live animals in real time.

Critical Endothelial Regulation by LRP5 during Retinal Vascular Development

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Wei; Li, Qing; Amiry-Moghaddam, Mahmood; Hokama, Madoka; Sardi, Sylvia H.; Nagao, Masashi; Warman, Matthew L.; Olsen, Bjorn R.

2016-01-01

Vascular abnormalities in the eye are the leading cause of many forms of inherited and acquired human blindness. Loss-of-function mutations in the Wnt-binding co-receptor LRP5 leads to aberrant ocular vascularization and loss of vision in genetic disorders such as osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome. The canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway is known to regulate retinal vascular development. However, it is unclear what precise role LPR5 plays in this process. Here, we show that loss of LRP5 function in mice causes retinal hypovascularization during development as well as retinal neovascularization in adulthood with disorganized and leaky vessels. Using a highly specific Flk1-CreBreier line for vascular endothelial cells, together with several genetic models, we demonstrate that loss of endothelium-derived LRP5 recapitulates the retinal vascular defects in Lrp5-/- mice. In addition, restoring LRP5 function only in endothelial cells in Lrp5-/- mice rescues their retinal vascular abnormalities. Furthermore, we show that retinal vascularization is regulated by LRP5 in a dosage dependent manner and does not depend on LRP6. Our study provides the first direct evidence that endothelium-derived LRP5 is both necessary and sufficient to mediate its critical role in the development and maintenance of retinal vasculature. PMID:27031698

The evolution of development of vascular cambia and secondary growth

Science.gov (United States)

Andrew Groover; Rachel Spicer

2010-01-01

Secondary growth from vascular cambia results in radial, woody growth of stems. The innovation of secondary vascular development during plant evolution allowed the production of novel plant forms ranging from massive forest trees to flexible, woody lianas. We present examples of the extensive phylogenetic variation in secondary vascular growth and discuss current...

Enfoque de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad de la Implantología dental en Camagüey

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Judith Aúcar López

Full Text Available Existe un auge en la colocación de implantes dentales, dispositivos que mejoran la salud del paciente y restauran su estética y función, lo cual motivó la realización de este trabajo con el objetivo de argumentar la importancia del servicio de implantes dentales en Camagüey desde el enfoque de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Cuba es el único país que tiene un servicio de implantología social, que se ha convertido en una herramienta complementaria de los tratamientos protésicos. Desde 2006 se desarrolla en la provincia para mejorar la calidad de vida de la población.

Experience of vascular trauma in a tertiary care hospital

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Imtiaz, N.

2010-01-01

To highlight the presentation and management of various vascular injuries and their outcome. Thirty nine cases of vascular trauma were referred to vascular surgeon CMH Rawalpindi, in the above mentioned period. These cases were evaluated for mechanism of injury, age, gender and time of presentation. Out of these, only thirty cases were found suitable for surgical intervention. These thirty cases were evaluated for site of vascular injury, associated injuries, type of surgery performed and the outcome. Blunt trauma was the predominant cause of vascular injuries in our study 16/39 (41%). Fourteen cases (35.8%) had gun shot wounds. Only thirty patients (76.9 %) underwent various surgical procedures. Primary end to end anastomosis was possible in only 5/30 cases (16.6%) while reversed venous graft was used in 13/30 cases (43.3%). Wound infection occurred in 2/30(6.6%) cases out of which 1 case (3.3%) ultimately had an amputation. The time period between injury and surgical intervention ranged between 1 to 20 hours for most of the vascular injuries while delayed presentation in the form of traumatic arteriovenous fistula or pseudoaneurysm was between 48 hours to 3 months. There are reasonable numbers of vascular trauma cases being referred to a tertiary care hospital. Most of these cases reach us quite late due to unnecessary investigations, delayed referral and transportation. Early intervention and revascularization definitely reduces amputation and complication rate. All gunshot wounds not only require thorough surrounding soft tissue debridement but also liberal excision of traumatised vessel itself, resulting in interposition graft repair. (author)

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Vascular Cognitive Impairment: A systematic review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chan Tiel

Full Text Available Neuropsychiatric symptoms or Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD are common and invariably appear at some point during the course of the disease, mediated both by cerebrovascular disease and neurodegenerative processes. Few studies have compared the profiles of BPSD in Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI of different subtypes (subcortical or cortical and clinical stages (Vascular Cognitive Impairment No Dementia [VaCIND] and Vascular Dementia [VaD].Objective:To review the BPSD associated with different subtypes and stages of VCI using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI.Methods:Medline, Scielo and Lilacs databases were searched for the period January 2000 to December 2014, with the key words: "BPSD AND Vascular Dementia, "NPI AND Vascular Dementia" and "NPI AND VCI. Qualitative analysis was performed on studies evaluating BPSD in VCI, using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI.Results:A total of 82 studies were retrieved of which 13 were eligible and thus included. Among the articles selected, 4 compared BPSD in Subcortical Vascular Dementia (SVaD versus Cortical-Subcortical Vascular Dementia (CSVaD, 3 involved comparisons between SVaD and VaCIND, 1 study analyzed differences between CSVaD and VaCIND, while 5 studies assessed BPSD in CSVaD. Subcortical and Cortical-Subcortical VaD were associated predominantly with Apathy and Depression. VaCIND may present fewer behavioral symptoms than VaD.Conclusion:The profile of BPSD differs for different stages of VCI. Determining the most prevalent BPSD in VCI subtypes might be helpful for improving early diagnosis and management of these symptoms.

Arborescent vascular dilatation mimicking Lichtenberg figures from lightning.

Science.gov (United States)

Tempark, Therdpong; Iwasaki, Julie; Shwayder, Tor

2014-01-01

The clinical presentation of arborizing vascular dilatation can resemble Lichtenberg figures from lightning. Both have a feather-like or ferning pattern. We report an interesting case of pressure-induced vasodilatation (PIV) caused by temporary vascular occlusion from jeans buttons. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Diagnosis and treatment of vascular damage in dementia

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Biessels, GJ

2016-01-01

This paper provides an overview of cognitive impairment due to vascular brain damage, which is referred to as vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Over the past decades, we have seen marked progress in detecting VCI, both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and through advances in brain

Vascular injuries after bear attacks: Incidence, surgical challenges and outcome.

Science.gov (United States)

Wani, Mohd Lateef; Ahangar, Abdul Gani; Lone, Gh Nabi; Lone, Reyaz Ahmad; Ashraf, Hakeem Zubair; Dar, Abdul Majeed; Bhat, M A; Singh, Shyam; Bijli, Akram Hussain; Irshad, Ifat

2011-01-01

Bear mauling is rarely reported in medical literature due to its rare occurrence. Present study was undertaken to describe the pattern and management of bear maul vascular injuries in Kashmir. Study of patients with bear maul vascular injury from 1(st) Jan 2004 to 31(st) Dec. 2008. Fifteen patients with bear maul vascular injury were studied. All patients of bear maul without vascular injury were excluded from the study. Most of the patients were treated by reverse saphenous vein graft or end to end anastomosis. Most common complication was wound infection (20%) followed by graft occlusion (13.33%). There was no operative death. Bear attacks are very common in Kashmir. Vascular injury due to bear maul needs prompt resuscitation and revascularization. Results are very good provided timely intervention for revascularization is done.

VASCULAR REMODELING IN HYPERTENSION: ANGIOGENESIS FEATURES

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

L. A. Haisheva

2014-07-01

Full Text Available Aim — cross-sectional study of changes in various segments of the vascular bed in arterial hypertension (AH, defining the role of inducers and inhibitors of angiogenesis in these processes.Materials and methods. The study included 99 patients with arterial hypertension of I–II degree, average age of 63.2 ± 2.6 years, diseaseduration 9.2 ± 7.2 years.Results. It was found that patients with arterial hypertension have disorders in all segments of vascular bed: endothelial dysfunction (highvWF, microcirculatory disorders, and increased pulse wave velocity (PWV of elastic-type vessels. The level of angioginesis factors doesnot depend on such parameters as gender, age, body mass index. Smoking and duration of hypertension influence on vascular endothelialgrowth factor raise and endostatin levels are higher in patients with family history of cardiovascular diseases. Duration of disease is directlycorrelated with microcirculatory disorders and the PWV, correlation between microcirculatory disorders and pulse wave velocity indicatetheir common processes.

Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yingzi Zhao

2015-10-01

Full Text Available As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO affects a number of cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes the contribution of NO to the regulation of vascular tone and its sources in the blood vessel wall. NO regulates the degree of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells mainly by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP, although cGMP-independent signaling [S-nitrosylation of target proteins, activation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA or production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP] also can be involved. In the blood vessel wall, NO is produced mainly from l-arginine by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS but it can also be released non-enzymatically from S-nitrosothiols or from nitrate/nitrite. Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.

Vascular complications associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Science.gov (United States)

Sardar, M Rizwan; Goldsweig, Andrew M; Abbott, J Dawn; Sharaf, Barry L; Gordon, Paul C; Ehsan, Afshin; Aronow, Herbert D

2017-06-01

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now an accepted pathway for aortic valve replacement for patients who are at prohibitive, severe and intermediate risk for traditional aortic valve surgery. However, with this rising uptrend and adaptation of this new technology, vascular complications and their management remain an Achilles heel for percutaneous aortic valve replacement. The vascular complications are an independent predictor of mortality for patients undergoing TAVR. Early recognition of these complications and appropriate management is paramount. In this article, we review the most commonly encountered vascular complications associated with currently approved TAVR devices and their optimal percutaneous management techniques.

Spontaneous Splenic Rupture in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Science.gov (United States)

Batagini, Nayara Cioffi; Gornik, Heather; Kirksey, Lee

2015-01-01

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (VEDS) is a rare autosomal dominant collagen vascular disorder. Different from other Ehler-Danlos Syndrome subtypes, VEDS has poor prognosis due to severe fragility of connective tissues and association with life-threatening vascular and gastrointestinal complications. Spontaneous splenic rupture is a rare but hazardous complication related to this syndrome. To date, only 2 cases have been reported in the literature. Here we present another case of this uncommon complication, occurring in a 54-year-old woman in clinical follow-up for VEDS who presented with sudden onset of abdominal pain and hypotension. © The Author(s) 2015.

Vascular Augmentation in Renal Transplantation: Supercharging and Turbocharging

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Euicheol C. Jeong

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The most common anatomic variant seen in donor kidneys for renal transplantation is the presence of multiple renal arteries, which can cause an increased risk of complications. Accessory renal arteries should be anastomosed to the proper source arteries to improve renal perfusion via the appropriate vascular reconstruction techniques. In microsurgery, 2 kinds of vascular augmentation methods, known as ‘supercharging’ and ‘turbocharging,’ have been introduced to ensure vascular perfusion in the transferred flap. Supercharging uses a distant source of the vessels, while turbocharging uses vascular sources within the same flap territory. These technical concepts can also be applied in renal transplantation, and in this report, we describe 2 patients who underwent procedures using supercharging and turbocharging. In one case, the ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric artery was transposed to the accessory renal artery (supercharging, and in the other case, the accessory renal artery was anastomosed to the corresponding main renal artery with a vascular graft (turbocharging. The transplanted kidneys showed good perfusion and proper function. No cases of renal failure, hypertension, rejection, or urologic complications were observed. These microsurgical techniques can be safely utilized for renal transplantation with donor kidneys that have multiple arteries with a lower complication rate and better outcome.

Vascular Augmentation in Renal Transplantation: Supercharging and Turbocharging.

Science.gov (United States)

Jeong, Euicheol C; Hwang, Seung Hwan; Eo, Su Rak

2017-05-01

The most common anatomic variant seen in donor kidneys for renal transplantation is the presence of multiple renal arteries, which can cause an increased risk of complications. Accessory renal arteries should be anastomosed to the proper source arteries to improve renal perfusion via the appropriate vascular reconstruction techniques. In microsurgery, 2 kinds of vascular augmentation methods, known as 'supercharging' and 'turbocharging,' have been introduced to ensure vascular perfusion in the transferred flap. Supercharging uses a distant source of the vessels, while turbocharging uses vascular sources within the same flap territory. These technical concepts can also be applied in renal transplantation, and in this report, we describe 2 patients who underwent procedures using supercharging and turbocharging. In one case, the ipsilateral deep inferior epigastric artery was transposed to the accessory renal artery (supercharging), and in the other case, the accessory renal artery was anastomosed to the corresponding main renal artery with a vascular graft (turbocharging). The transplanted kidneys showed good perfusion and proper function. No cases of renal failure, hypertension, rejection, or urologic complications were observed. These microsurgical techniques can be safely utilized for renal transplantation with donor kidneys that have multiple arteries with a lower complication rate and better outcome.

Scintigraphic assessment of vascularity and blood-tissue barrier of human brain tumours

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Front, D.

1978-01-01

Assessment of vascularity and blood-tissue barrier was performed by sequential scintigraphy in 43 patients with brain tumours. The blood-tumour barrier was evaluated by use of sup(99m)Tc-pertechnetate, and vascularity using sup(99m)Tc-labelled red blood cells. Three groups of tumours were found: tumours with low vascularity and permeable barrier, tumours with high vascularity and permeable barrier, and tumours with low vascularity and relatively impermeable barrier. The first group indicates that when vessels are permeable, there may be a rapid penetration of large amounts of pertechnetate into the tumour even when vascularity is not increased. In the other two groups penetration of pertechnetate into the tumour is affected by vascularity, as it determines the total area where passage of the radiopharmaceutical takes place. It is suggested that the permeability of the blood-tumour barrier and the amount of vascularity may have an effect on the success of chemotherapy in brain tumours. (author)

COMPARACIÓN DE LOS ENFOQUES TRADICIONAL Y LUDOTÉCNICO SOBRE LA EFICACIA Y LA MEJORA TÉCNICA EN EL ATLETISMO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. Valero

2010-09-01

Full Text Available

RESUMEN

En este estudio se comparan los efectos de dos enfoques de enseñanza-aprendizaje (Tradicional frente al Ludotécnico, sobre la mejora de la técnica y de la eficacia en las disciplinas atléticas de la marcha, el salto de altura y el lanzamiento de peso, utilizando una muestra de 88 niños de 4º de Educación Primaria, divididos en tres grupos, 1 control y 2 experimentales. A estos 2 últimos grupos se les ha aplicado un tratamiento dentro del horario escolar con una duración de 18 sesiones, basado en el aprendizaje de las tres disciplinas atléticas, valorándose la técnica de los gestos y la eficacia a través de hojas de observación. De los resultados obtenidos destaca la mejora de la técnica de la marcha con ambos enfoques frente al grupo control, constatando que en el ámbito escolar tiene cabida la iniciación al atletismo desde una perspectiva diferente. No obstante, se considera necesario un aumento en el tiempo de duración de los tratamientos para conseguir unos resultados más concluyentes para el resto de las disciplinas.
PALABRAS CLAVE: enfoques de enseñanza, atletismo, iniciación deportiva, técnica, eficacia.

ABSTRACT

This study compaired the effects of two teaching-learning approaches (Traditional versus Ludotechnical on the skill and efficiency performance in athletics disciplines of walk, high jump and shot put, using 88 fourth-year primary-school students. The sample was divided into two experimental groups and a control group. The experimental groups received a treatment during school hours of 18 lessons, based on learning athletic walk, high jump and shot put, for which the development of skill and efficiency were measured

Enfoque terapéutico en 154 pacientes con acromegalia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marcos P. Manavela

2010-08-01

Full Text Available La acromegalia es una enfermedad poco frecuente producida en más del 95% de los casos por un tumor hipofisario secretor de hormona de crecimiento (GH. Las manifestaciones clínicas están asociadas a síntomas locales por crecimiento del tumor o a las consecuencias orgánicas y metabólicas secundarias a la hipersecreción de GH. Debido a la alta morbilidad y mortalidad asociadas a la acromegalia, un tratamiento individualizado y optimizado para cada paciente es fundamental. Informamos el enfoque terapéutico de nuestro servicio de endocrinología en la atención de 154 pacientes con acromegalia. Utilizando criterios bioquímicos estrictos, con la cirugía logramos un 32% de remisión global, tasa relativamente baja debido fundamentalmente a que la mayor parte de los pacientes presentaban macroadenomas con un alto porcentaje de invasividad local. Con radioterapia complementaria o como tratamiento inicial se logró la remisión en el 65.4% de los pacientes irradiados. El 14.0% de los pacientes controlaron la enfermedad utilizando agonistas dopaminérgicos solos o combinados con otra droga, mientras que aquellos que utilizaron análogos de la somatostatina normalizaron los parámetros bioquímicos en un 45.7% de los casos. En conclusión, con los diferentes tratamientos utilizados obtuvimos el control de la acromegalia en el 55.2% de los casos, esperando optimizar el tratamiento de estos pacientes en la medida en que contemos con y tengamos acceso a nuevas herramientas terapéuticas.

Manejo Odontológico del Síndrome de Moebius

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Rosa M. Stabile-Del Vecchio

2016-07-01

Full Text Available El síndrome de Möebius es una alteración congénita caracterizada por parálisis de los pares craneales debido a una atrofia de sus núcleos, principalmente se ven afectados el nervio facial y el nervio abducens causando parálisis facial y limitación del movimiento ocular. Otros nervios craneales también se ven afectados lo que trae anomalías dentales y esqueletales. Puede a su vez, estar asociado a malformaciones de las extremidades superiores e inferiores como sindactilia y pie equinovaro. Su etiología es aún desconocida, pero se relaciona a un problema vascular que afecta el desarrollo de los núcleos de los pares craneales. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir las característi as del Síndrome de Möebius y reportar 3 casos clínicos que acudieron a consulta odontológica.

SITUS INVERSUS TOTALIS. REPORTE DE UN CASO

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Manuel Brito Velásquez

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Caso clínico: Paciente femenino de 9 años quien acude a la emergencia por presentar episodios eméticos, a la cual se le diagnosticó un Situs Inversus Totalis de forma casual. Motivo de reporte: El Situs Inversus Totalis es una anomalía congénita del desarrollo embrionario, caracterizada por disfunción del establecimiento del eje derecha-izquierda con la consecuente inversión en espejo de todos los órganos torácicos y abdominales. Solo un 5 a 10 % presentan malformaciones cardio- vasculares congénitas que debutan clínicamente con síntomas asociados a estas alteraciones, mientras el resto permanecen de forma subclínica. Conclusión: Es una condición muy rara, con muy pocos reportes en la literatura. En algunas ocasiones puede pasar desapercibida al no presentar manifestaciones clínicas. Palabras Clave: Situs Inversus, Anomalías Congénitas, Anomalías Cardiovasculares,  Dextrocardia.

Vascular risk factors, cognitve decline, and dementia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

E Duron

2008-04-01

Full Text Available E Duron, Olivier HanonBroca Hospital, Paris, FranceAbstract: Dementia is one of the most important neurological disorders in the elderly. Aging is associated with a large increase in the prevalence and incidence of degenerative (Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, leading to a devastating loss of autonomy. In view of the increasing longevity of populations worldwide, prevention of dementia has turned into a major public health challenge. In the past decade, several vascular risk factors have been found to be associated with vascular dementia but also Alzheimer’s disease. Some longitudinal studies, have found significant associations between hypertension, diabetus mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, assessed at middle age, and dementia. Studies assessing the link between hypercholesterolemia, atrial fibrillation, smoking, and dementia have given more conflicting results. Furthermore, some studies have highlighted the possible protective effect of antihypertensive therapy on cognition and some trials are evaluating the effects of statins and treatments for insulin resistance. Vascular risk factors and their treatments are a promising avenue of research for prevention of dementia, and further long-term, placebo-controlled, randomized studies, need to be performed.Keywords: dementia, hypertension, diabetus mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, metabolic syndrome

New options for vascularized bone reconstruction in the upper extremity.

Science.gov (United States)

Houdek, Matthew T; Wagner, Eric R; Wyles, Cody C; Nanos, George P; Moran, Steven L

2015-02-01

Originally described in the 1970s, vascularized bone grafting has become a critical component in the treatment of bony defects and non-unions. Although well established in the lower extremity, recent years have seen many novel techniques described to treat a variety of challenging upper extremity pathologies. Here the authors review the use of different techniques of vascularized bone grafts for the upper extremity bone pathologies. The vascularized fibula remains the gold standard for the treatment of large bone defects of the humerus and forearm, while also playing a role in carpal reconstruction; however, two other important options for larger defects include the vascularized scapula graft and the Capanna technique. Smaller upper extremity bone defects and non-unions can be treated with the medial femoral condyle (MFC) free flap or a vascularized rib transfer. In carpal non-unions, both pedicled distal radius flaps and free MFC flaps are viable options. Finally, in skeletally immature patients, vascularized fibular head epiphyseal transfer can provide growth potential in addition to skeletal reconstruction.

Bone Marrow Vascular Niche: Home for Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ningning He

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Though discovered later than osteoblastic niche, vascular niche has been regarded as an alternative indispensable niche operating regulation on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs. As significant progresses gained on this type niche, it is gradually clear that the main work of vascular niche is undertaking to support hematopoiesis. However, compared to what have been defined in the mechanisms through which the osteoblastic niche regulates hematopoiesis, we know less in vascular niche. In this review, based on research data hitherto we will focus on component foundation and various functions of vascular niche that guarantee the normal hematopoiesis process within bone marrow microenvironments. And the possible pathways raised by various research results through which this environment undergoes its function will be discussed as well.

[Fistulae or catheter for elderly who start hemodialysis without permanent vascular access?].

Science.gov (United States)

García Cortés, Ma J; Viedma, G; Sánchez Perales, M C; Borrego, F J; Borrego, J; Pérez del Barrio, P; Gil Cunquero, J M; Liébana, A; Pérez Bañasco, V

2005-01-01

Autologous access is the best vascular access for dialysis also in older patients and it should be mature when patient needs hemodialysis. It is not always possible. Surgeon availability and demographic characteristics of patients (age, diabetes, vascular disease...) are factors that determine primary vascular access. To analyse outcome and vascular access complications in elderly who start hemodialysis without vascular access. All patients older than 75 years who initiated hemodialysis without vascular access between January 2000 and June 2002 were included, They were divided en two groups depending on primary vascular access. GI: arterio-venous fistulae. GIIl: Tunnelled cuffed catheter. Epidemiological and analytical data, vascular access complications related, as well as patient and first permanent vascular access survival from their inclusion in dialysis up to December 2002 were analysed and compared in both groups. 32 patients were studied. GI: n = 17 (4 men) and GIIl: n =1 5 (8 men), age: 79.9 +/- 3.8 and 81.7 +/- 4 years respectively (ns). There were no differences in sex and comorbidity (diabetes, ischemic heart disease, peripheral vascular disease and hypertension). It took GI 3 months to get a permanent vascular access suitable for using, while it took GIIl 1.3 months (p catheters was higher in GI (3.35 vs 1.87 p central venous thrombosis happen in GI (I: 25 CVT/100 patients-year) vs 30% in GIIl (I = 14.4/100 patients-year) (ns). No significant differences neither in bleeding (66.7% vs 33.3%) nor ischemia (75% vs 25%) were found. Dialysis dose (Kt/V) as well as anaemia degree were similar in both groups. Permanent vascular access survival after 2 years was 45.8% in GI and 24% in GII (ns). Patient survival was similar in GI and GII (72% vs 51% ns). Elderly who start hemodialysis without vascular access took longer to get a suitable permanent vascular access when arterio-venous fistulae is placed than with a tunnelled cuffed hemodialysis catheter. As a

Inter-arm systolic blood pressure differences, relations with future vascular events and mortality in patients with and without manifest vascular disease

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Kranenburg, Guido; Spiering, Wilko; de Jong, Pim A.; Kappelle, L. Jaap; de Borst, Gert Jan; Cramer, Maarten J.; Visseren, Frank L.J.; Aboyans, Victor; Westerink, Jan

2017-01-01

Background Inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference (SBPD) is an easily obtained patient characteristic which relates to vascular disease. We aimed to identify determinants of large inter-arm SBPD and to investigate the relation between inter-arm SBPD and vascular events in patients with and

HMGB1 in vascular diseases : Its role in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis

NARCIS (Netherlands)

de Souza, A. W. S.; Westra, J.; Limburg, P. C.; Bijl, M.; Kallenberg, C. G. M.

2012-01-01

The nuclear protein high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of several vascular diseases such as systemic vasculitis and atherosclerosis. In systemic vasculitides including ANCA-associated vasculitis and Kawasaki disease, serum HMGB1 levels are higher

Relational databases for rare disease study: application to vascular anomalies.

Science.gov (United States)

Perkins, Jonathan A; Coltrera, Marc D

2008-01-01

To design a relational database integrating clinical and basic science data needed for multidisciplinary treatment and research in the field of vascular anomalies. Based on data points agreed on by the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology (ASPO) Vascular Anomalies Task Force. The database design enables sharing of data subsets in a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)-compliant manner for multisite collaborative trials. Vascular anomalies pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Our understanding of these lesions and treatment improvement is limited by nonstandard terminology, severity assessment, and measures of treatment efficacy. The rarity of these lesions places a premium on coordinated studies among multiple participant sites. The relational database design is conceptually centered on subjects having 1 or more lesions. Each anomaly can be tracked individually along with their treatment outcomes. This design allows for differentiation between treatment responses and untreated lesions' natural course. The relational database design eliminates data entry redundancy and results in extremely flexible search and data export functionality. Vascular anomaly programs in the United States. A relational database correlating clinical findings and photographic, radiologic, histologic, and treatment data for vascular anomalies was created for stand-alone and multiuser networked systems. Proof of concept for independent site data gathering and HIPAA-compliant sharing of data subsets was demonstrated. The collaborative effort by the ASPO Vascular Anomalies Task Force to create the database helped define a common vascular anomaly data set. The resulting relational database software is a powerful tool to further the study of vascular anomalies and the development of evidence-based treatment innovation.

Perioperative smoking cessation in vascular surgery

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Kehlet, M.; Heesemann, Sabine; Tonnesen, H.

2015-01-01

Background: The effect of intensive smoking cessation programs on postoperative complications has never before been assessed in soft tissue surgery when smoking cessation is initiated on the day of surgery. Methods: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial conducted at two vascular surgery...... departments in Denmark. The intervention group was offered the Gold Standard Program (GSP) for smoking cessation intervention. The control group was offered the departments' standard care. Inclusion criteria were patients with planned open peripheral vascular surgery and who were daily smokers. According...

Biomaterial-mediated strategies targeting vascularization for bone repair.

Science.gov (United States)

García, José R; García, Andrés J

2016-04-01

Repair of non-healing bone defects through tissue engineering strategies remains a challenging feat in the clinic due to the aversive microenvironment surrounding the injured tissue. The vascular damage that occurs following a bone injury causes extreme ischemia and a loss of circulating cells that contribute to regeneration. Tissue-engineered constructs aimed at regenerating the injured bone suffer from complications based on the slow progression of endogenous vascular repair and often fail at bridging the bone defect. To that end, various strategies have been explored to increase blood vessel regeneration within defects to facilitate both tissue-engineered and natural repair processes. Developments that induce robust vascularization will need to consolidate various parameters including optimization of embedded therapeutics, scaffold characteristics, and successful integration between the construct and the biological tissue. This review provides an overview of current strategies as well as new developments in engineering biomaterials to induce reparation of a functional vascular supply in the context of bone repair.

Vascular endothelial dysfunction in β-thalassemia occurs despite increased eNOS expression and preserved vascular smooth muscle cell reactivity to NO.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ekatherina Stoyanova

Full Text Available The hereditary β-thalassemia major condition requires regular lifelong blood transfusions. Transfusion-related iron overloading has been associated with the onset of cardiovascular complications, including cardiac dysfunction and vascular anomalies. By using an untransfused murine model of β-thalassemia major, we tested the hypothesis that vascular endothelial dysfunction, alterations of arterial structure and of its mechanical properties would occur despite the absence of treatments.Vascular function and structure were evaluated ex vivo. Compared to the controls, endothelium-dependent vasodilation with acetylcholine was blunted in mesenteric resistance arteries of β-thalassemic mice while the endothelium-independent vasodilator (sodium nitroprusside produced comparable vessel dilation, indicating endothelial cell impairment with preserved smooth muscle cell reactivity to nitric oxide (NO. While these findings suggest a decrease in NO bioavailability, Western blotting showed heightened expression of aortic endothelial NO synthase (eNOS in β-thalassemia. Vascular remodeling of the common carotid arteries revealed increased medial elastin content. Under isobaric conditions, the carotid arteries of β-thalassemic mice exhibited decreased wall stress and softening due to structural changes of the vessel wall.A complex vasculopathy was identified in untransfused β-thalassemic mice characterized by altered carotid artery structure and endothelial dysfunction of resistance arterioles, likely attributable to reduced NO bioavailability despite enhanced vascular eNOS expression.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), produced by feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) virus-infected monocytes and macrophages, induces vascular permeability and effusion in cats with FIP.

Science.gov (United States)

Takano, Tomomi; Ohyama, Taku; Kokumoto, Aiko; Satoh, Ryoichi; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu

2011-06-01

Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) causes a fatal disease called FIP in Felidae. The effusion in body cavity is commonly associated with FIP. However, the exact mechanism of accumulation of effusion remains unclear. We investigated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to examine the relationship between VEGF levels and the amounts of effusion in cats with FIP. Furthermore, we examined VEGF production in FIPV-infected monocytes/macrophages, and we used feline vascular endothelial cells to examine vascular permeability induced by the culture supernatant of FIPV-infected macrophages. In cats with FIP, the production of effusion was related with increasing plasma VEGF levels. In FIPV-infected monocytes/macrophages, the production of VEGF was associated with proliferation of virus. Furthermore, the culture supernatant of FIPV-infected macrophages induced hyperpermeability of feline vascular endothelial cells. It was suggested that vascular permeability factors, including VEGF, produced by FIPV-infected monocytes/macrophages might increase the vascular permeability and the amounts of effusion in cats with FIP. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Imaging findings and therapeutic alternatives for peripheral vascular malformations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Monsignore, Lucas Moretti; Nakiri, Guilherme Seizem; Santos, Daniela dos; Abud, Thiago Giansante; Abud, Daniel Giansante

2010-01-01

Peripheral vascular malformations represent a spectrum of lesions that appear through the lifetime and can be found in the whole body. Such lesions are uncommon and are frequently confounded with infantile hemangioma, a common benign neoplastic lesion. In the presence of such lesions, the correlation between the clinical and radiological findings is extremely important to achieve a correct diagnosis, which will guide the best therapeutic approach. The most recent classifications for peripheral vascular malformations are based on the blood flow (low or high) and on the main vascular components (arterial, capillary, lymphatic or venous). Peripheral vascular malformations represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and complementary methods such as computed tomography, Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, in association with clinical findings can provide information regarding blood flow characteristics and lesions extent. Arteriography and venography confirm the diagnosis, evaluate the lesions extent and guide the therapeutic decision making. Generally, low flow vascular malformations are percutaneously treated with sclerosing agents injection, while in high flow lesions the approach is endovascular, with permanent liquid or solid embolization agents. (author)

LASER TREATMENT OF BENIGN CUTANEOUS VASCULAR LESIONS

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Uroš Ahčan

2004-07-01

Full Text Available Background. Congenital and acquired vascular lesions of the skin and subcutis are a common health problem from aesthetic and also from psycho-social point of view. However, recent advances in laser technology have enabled an efficient and safe treatment. This study presents our experience with treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions using modern laser systems. Most common benign cutaneous vascular lesions are described.Patients and methods. In years 2002 and 2003, 109 patients, 4 to 80 (mean 39 years old, Fitzpatrick skin type 1–4, with 210 benign cutaneous vascular lesions were treated using the Dualis VP® laser system (Fotona, Slovenia which incorporates the KTP and Nd:YAG lasers. Vascular lesions in the upper layers of the skin with diameter up to 1 mm were treated with the KTP laser (wavelength 532 nm. For larger vessels in deeper layer we used the Nd:YAG laser (wavelength 1064 nm. Patients graded the pain during treatment on a scale of 1–10. Clinical outcomes were evaluated 1–3 months after the last treatment: according to the percentage of clearance of the lesion compared to the adjacent normal skin and for the presence of adverse effects. According to these criteria each lesion was assigned a score: poor (0–25%, fair (26–50%, good (51–75%, excellent (76–100%.Results. Immediate response after application of a laser beam with proper characteristics was whitish-grey discoloration of treated area. Treatment results after 1–3 months were excellent in 48.1%, good 40.9%, fair in 8.6% and poor in 2.4%. Patients without prior anaesthesia graded pain during treatment from 1 to 8 (mean 4.0 and patients with EMLA® anaesthesia from 1 to 6 (mean 2.6. Side effects were frequent but minimal and transient. Erythema disappeared in several days after treatment while crusting persisted for 14 days. 3 permanent hyperpigmentations, 2 permanent hypopigmentations, 2 hypertrophic scars and 1 beam sized atrophic scar were detected at last follow

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of acellular nerves

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wei-ling Cui

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Vascularization of acellular nerves has been shown to contribute to nerve bridging. In this study, we used a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect model in rats to determine whether cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of injured acellular nerves. The rat nerve defects were treated with acellular nerve grafting (control group alone or acellular nerve grafting combined with intraperitoneal injection of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (experimental group. As shown through two-dimensional imaging, the vessels began to invade into the acellular nerve graft from both anastomotic ends at day 7 post-operation, and gradually covered the entire graft at day 21. The vascular density, vascular area, and the velocity of revascularization in the experimental group were all higher than those in the control group. These results indicate that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein enhances the vascularization of acellular nerves.

In vitro model of vascularized bone: synergizing vascular development and osteogenesis.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Cristina Correia

Full Text Available Tissue engineering provides unique opportunities for regenerating diseased or damaged tissues using cells obtained from tissue biopsies. Tissue engineered grafts can also be used as high fidelity models to probe cellular and molecular interactions underlying developmental processes. In this study, we co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs under various environmental conditions to elicit synergistic interactions leading to the colocalized development of capillary-like and bone-like tissues. Cells were encapsulated at the 1:1 ratio in fibrin gel to screen compositions of endothelial growth medium (EGM and osteogenic medium (OM. It was determined that, to form both tissues, co-cultures should first be supplied with EGM followed by a 1:1 cocktail of the two media types containing bone morphogenetic protein-2. Subsequent studies of HUVECs and MSCs cultured in decellularized, trabecular bone scaffolds for 6 weeks assessed the effects on tissue construct of both temporal variations in growth-factor availability and addition of fresh cells. The resulting grafts were implanted subcutaneously into nude mice to determine the phenotype stability and functionality of engineered vessels. Two important findings resulted from these studies: (i vascular development needs to be induced prior to osteogenesis, and (ii the addition of additional hMSCs at the osteogenic induction stage improves both tissue outcomes, as shown by increased bone volume fraction, osteoid deposition, close proximity of bone proteins to vascular networks, and anastomosis of vascular networks with the host vasculature. Interestingly, these observations compare well with what has been described for native development. We propose that our cultivation system can mimic various aspects of endothelial cell-osteogenic precursor interactions in vivo, and could find utility as a model for studies of heterotypic cellular interactions that

Arterial vascularization patterns of the splenium: An anatomical study.

Science.gov (United States)

Kahilogullari, G; Comert, A; Ozdemir, M; Brohi, R A; Ozgural, O; Esmer, A F; Egemen, N; Karahan, S T

2013-09-01

The aim of this study was to provide detailed information about the arterial vascularization of the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC). The splenium is unique in that it is part of the largest commissural tract in the brain and a region in which pathologies are seen frequently. An exact description of the arterial vascularization of this part of the CC remains under debate. Thirty adult human brains (60 hemispheres) were obtained from routine autopsies. Cerebral arteries were separately cannulated and injected with colored latex. Then, the brains were fixed in formaldehyde, and dissections were performed using a surgical microscope. The diameter of the arterial branches supplying the splenium of the CC at their origin was investigated, and the vascularization patterns of these branches were observed. Vascular supply to the splenium was provided by the anterior pericallosal artery (40%) from the anterior circulation and by the posterior pericallosal artery (88%) and posterior accessory pericallosal artery (50%) from the posterior circulation. The vascularization pattern of the splenium differs in each hemisphere and is usually supplied by multiple branches. The arterial vascularization of the splenium of the CC was studied comprehensively considering the ongoing debate and the inadequacy of the studies on this issue currently available in the literature. This anatomical knowledge is essential during the treatment of pathologies in this region and especially for splenial arteriovenous malformations.

LA GESTIÓN POR PROCESOS: UN ENFOQUE DE GESTIÓN EFICIENTE

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Miguel Ángel Mallar

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Cada vez más se observan los esfuerzos orientados a adecuar las organizaciones al complejo escenario en que se mueven. Cambios de reglas de juego, incremento de la competencia, apertura al mundo a través de la tecnología, hacen al cliente mucho más exigente, modificando sus demandas y necesidades.La Gestión basada en los Procesos, surge como un enfoque que centra la atención sobre las actividades de la organización, para optimizarlas.En este trabajo se considerará a la organización como una red de procesos interrelacionados o interconectados, donde la estructura organizativa vertical clásica, eficiente a nivel de funciones, se orienta hacia una concepción horizontal, desplazándose el centro de interés desde las estructuras hacia los procesos, como metodología para mejorar el rendimiento, concentrándose en el diseño disciplinado y cuidadosa ejecución de todos los procesos de una organización.Concluyendo, la metodología de aplicación de la Gestión basada en Procesos se trata de una herramienta de gestión adecuada para el momento actual, constituyéndose con fuerza como una alternativa exitosa para la obtención de resultados cada vez mejores.

La percepción: enfoque funcional de la visión

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Joan Palmi

2007-06-01

Full Text Available Este trabajo aporta el planteamiento psicológico de la visión en el ámbito deportivo. Se acepta la importante necesidad del análisis oftalmológico, del ajuste de la óptica para que el atleta tenga una mejor información visual (tal y como se ha expuesto en los primeros trabajos de este monográfico, pero se expone una propuesta de ubicación de estos conocimientos bio-médicos en el marco de la necesidad deportiva. Resaltamos la importancia de la percepción humana como proceso psicológico que permitirá –por medio del entrenamiento psicológico– mejorar la atención visual, que con un ajuste del estado psicológico de rendimiento (por ejemplo: gestión del estrés competitivo dará pie a la optimización del rendimiento. Acabaremos el trabajo exponiendo la necesaria interacción de los enfoques profesionales planteados: aportación óptico-oftalmológica, psicológica, y un modelo de entrenamiento deportivo con una visión interdisciplinar –tendiente a una metodología de trabajo integrado– que da lugar a una propuesta de intervención deportiva en la que los diferentes profesionales aportamos propuestas para optimizar el trabajo técnico deportivo.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide induces vascular relaxation and inhibits non-vascular smooth muscle activity in the rabbit female genital tract

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Steenstrup, B R; Ottesen, B; Jørgensen, M

1994-01-01

In vitro effects of two bioactive forms of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP): PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 were studied on rabbit vascular and non-vascular smooth muscle. Segments of the ovarian artery and muscle strips from the fallopian tube were used. Two series of experiment...

Methane dynamics in Northern Wetlands: Significance of vascular plants

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Joabsson, Anna

2001-09-01

The studies presented illustrate several different aspects of the impact of vascular plants on methane emissions from northern natural wetlands. The subject has been approached on different scales, ranging from the study of microbial substrates in the vicinity of a single plant root, to an attempt to extrapolate some of the results to the entire northern hemisphere north of 50 meridian. The main overall conclusions from the papers are that vascular plants affect net methane emissions 1) by offering an efficient route of transport to the atmosphere so that methane oxidation in oxic surface soils is avoided, and 2) by being sources of methanogenic substrate. The degree to which vascular wetland plants affect methane emissions seems to be dependent on species-specific differences in both the capacity to act as gas conduits and the exudation of labile carbon compounds to the soil. An intimate coupling between vascular plant production and methane emission was found in an Arctic tundra wetland, although other environmental variables (water table, temperature) also contributed significantly to the explained variation in methane exchange. Studies of vascular plant extidation of organic acids suggest that the available pool of methanogenic substrates is both qualitatively and quantitatively correlated to vascular plant production (photosynthetic rate). On global scales, vascular plant production as a single factor does not seem to be sufficient to explain the majority of variation in methane flux patterns. Based on comparable experiments at five different sites in the northwestern Eurasian and Greenlandic North, we suggest that mean seasonal soil temperature is the best predictor of methane exchange on broad spatial and temporal scales.

Magnetic resonance vascular imaging

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Axel, L

1989-01-01

The basis principles of MRI are reviewed in order to understand how blood flow effects arise in conventional imaging. Then some of the ways these effects have ben used in MRI techniques specifically designed for vascular imaging, are considered. (author)

Vascularized bone transplant chimerism mediated by vascular endothelial growth factor.

Science.gov (United States)

Willems, Wouter F; Larsen, Mikko; Friedrich, Patricia F; Bishop, Allen T

2015-01-01

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis and osteogenesis in bone allotransplants. We aim to determine whether bone remodeling in VEGF-treated bone allotransplants results from repopulation with circulation-derived autogenous cells or survival of allogenic transplant-derived cells. Vascularized femoral bone transplants were transplanted from female Dark Agouti rats (DA;RT1(a) ) to male Piebald Viral Glaxo (PVG;RT1(c) ). Arteriovenous bundle implantation and short-term immunosuppression were used to maintain cellular viability. VEGF was encapsulated in biodegradable microspheres and delivered intramedullary in the experimental group (n = 22). In the control group (n = 22), no VEGF was delivered. Rats were sacrificed at 4 or 18 weeks. Laser capture microdissection of bone remodeling areas was performed at the inner and outer cortex. Sex-mismatched genes were quantified with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to determine the amount of male cells to total cells, defined as the relative expression ratio (rER). At 4 weeks, rER was significantly higher at the inner cortex in VEGF-treated transplants as compared to untreated transplants (0.622 ± 0.225 vs. 0.362 ± 0.081, P = 0.043). At 4 weeks, the outer cortex in the control group had a significantly higher rER (P = 0.038), whereas in the VEGF group, the inner cortex had a higher rER (P = 0.015). Over time, in the outer cortex the rER significantly increased to 0.634 ± 0.106 at 18 weeks in VEGF-treated rats (P = 0.049). At 18 weeks, the rER was >0.5 at all cortical areas in both groups. These in vivo findings suggest a chemotactic effect of intramedullary applied VEGF on recipient-derived bone and could imply that more rapid angiogenesis of vascularized allotransplants can be established with microencapsulated VEGF. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Vascular Complications of Pancreatitis: Role of Interventional Therapy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Barge, Jaideep U.; Lopera, Jorge E. [University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio (United States)

2012-02-15

Major vascular complications related to pancreatitis can cause life-threatening hemorrhage and have to be dealt with as an emergency, utilizing a multidisciplinary approach of angiography, endoscopy or surgery. These may occur secondary to direct vascular injuries, which result in the formation of splanchnic pseudoaneurysms, gastrointestinal etiologies such as peptic ulcer disease and gastroesophageal varices, and post-operative bleeding related to pancreatic surgery. In this review article, we discuss the pathophysiologic mechanisms, diagnostic modalities, and treatment of pancreatic vascular complications, with a focus on the role of minimally-invasive interventional therapies such as angioembolization, endovascular stenting, and ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection in their management.

Genealogy of training in vascular neurosurgery.

Science.gov (United States)

Chowdhry, Shakeel A; Spetzler, Robert F

2014-02-01

Remarkable advances and changes in the landscape of neurovascular disease have occurred recently. Concurrently, a paradigm shift in training and resident education is underway. This crossroad of unique opportunities and pressures necessitates creative change in the training of future vascular neurosurgeons to allow incorporation of surgical advances, new technology, and supplementary treatment modalities in a setting of reduced work hours and increased public scrutiny. This article discusses the changing landscape in neurovascular disease treatment, followed by the recent changes in resident training, and concludes with our view of the future of training in vascular neurosurgery.