A method for determining losses in magnetostrictive transducers

Science.gov (United States)

Krysin, V. N.; Ketlerov, A. S.

A method for estimating energy losses in magnetostrictive transducers is described. It is shown that domain remagnetization is responsible for the greatest energy loss in magnetostrictive transducers. Energy losses associated with Foucault currents and Joule heat are an order of magnitude less.

A new hybrid longitudinal–torsional magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Karafi, Mohammad Reza; Hojjat, Yousef; Sassani, Farrokh

2013-01-01

In this paper, a novel hybrid longitudinal–torsional magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer (HL–TMUT) is introduced. The transducer is composed of a magnetostrictive exponential horn and a stainless steel tail mass. In this transducer a spiral magnetic field made up of longitudinal and circumferential magnetic fields is applied to the magnetostrictive horn. As a result, the magnetostrictive horn oscillates simultaneously both longitudinally and torsionally in accordance with the Joule and Wiedemann effects. The magnetostrictive exponential horn is designed in such a manner that it has the same longitudinal and torsional resonant frequency. It is made up of ‘2V Permendur’, which has isotropic magnetic properties. The differential equations of the torsional and longitudinal vibration of the horn are derived, and a HL–TMUT is designed with a resonant frequency of 20 573 Hz. The natural frequency and mode shapes of the transducer are considered theoretically and numerically. The experimental results show that this transducer resonates torsionally and longitudinally with frequencies of 20 610 Hz and 20 830 Hz respectively. The maximum torsional displacement is 1.5 mrad m −1 and the maximum longitudinal displacement is 0.6 μm. These are promising features for industrial applications. (paper)

Magnetostrictive thin films prepared by RF sputtering

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Carabias, I.; Martinez, A.; Garcia, M.A.; Pina, E.; Gonzalez, J.M.; Hernando, A.; Crespo, P.

2005-01-01

Fe 80 B 20 thin films have been prepared by ion beam sputtering magnetron on room temperature. The films were fabricated on different substrates to compare the different magnetic and structural properties. In particular the growth of films on flexible substrates (PDMS, Kapton) has been studied to allow a simple integration of the system in miniaturized magnetostrictive devices. X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that films are mainly amorphous although the presence of some Fe nanoparticles cannot be ruled out. The coercive field of thin films ranges between 15 and 35 Oe, depending on substrate. Magnetostriction measurements indicate the strong dependence of the saturation magnetostriction with the substrate. Samples on flexible substrates exhibit a better performance than samples deposited onto glass substrates

Determination of Terfenol-D magnetostriction characteristics for sensor application using fiber Bragg grating

Science.gov (United States)

de Morais Sousa, Kleiton; Zandonay, Ricardo; Vagner da Silva, Erlon; Martelli, Cicero; Cardozo da Silva, Jean Carlos

2014-08-01

Electric current sensor based on magnetostriction phenomenon has been reported in several papers. In common these previous papers used a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to determine the strain of the magnetostrictive material. However, magnetostriction sensors present few disadvantages often neglected, such as the temperature dependence of magnetostriction. In this paper a Terfenol-D rod (a giant magnetostrictive material-GMM) is used for tests. For simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain two multiplexed FBGs are used. The first test presents unipolar characteristics of Terfenol-D magnetostriction. Other test determines the Terfenol-D response for different temperatures. The Terfenol-D sensitivity increase when the temperature increases, however the saturation of the material occurs in small field values. The characteristics presented in this paper must be taken into account in the development of magnetostrictive sensors and its limitations.

Magnetostrictive effects in ferromagnetic Dy break-junctions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mueller, Marc; Suergers, Christoph; Montbrun, Richard [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Physikalisches Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany); Loehneysen, Hilbert v. [Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Physikalisches Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany); Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany)

2011-07-01

A characteristic property of the rare-earth metals are their large magnetostrictive strains which are related to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy through the elastic energy. We have investigated the electrical conductance G of mechanical break-junctions of a dysprosium wire at 4.2 K where Dy is in the ferromagnetic state. In zero magnetic field we find the usual variation of the conductance G vs. electrode distance x while breaking the wire mechanically, with a sequence of steps and more or less prominent plateaus. The behavior G(x) is modified in magnetic fields {mu}{sub 0} H up to 1 T due to the large magnetostriction of Dy. In addition, the conductance can be changed reproducibly by variation of H. For a number of contacts we observe discrete changes in G(H) in the range of several G{sub 0} = 2 e{sup 2}/h. The behavior of G(H) and its angular dependence can be quantitatively understood by taking into account the magnetostrictive properties of Dy. This first realization of a magnetostrictive atomic switch demonstrates the possibility of reproducibly tuning the conductance of magnetic nanocontacts by a magnetic field.

Magnetostrictive properties of titanate coupling agent treated Terfenol-D composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dong Xufeng, E-mail: dongxf@dlut.edu.cn [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China); Qi Min [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China); Guan Xinchun [School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin (China); Li Jinhai [School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China); Ou Jinping [School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin (China); School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China)

2012-03-15

As a kind of composites, the bond strength between the polymer matrix and the Terfenol-D particles affects the performance of magnetostrictive composites. By observing the fracture morphologies, the bond strength of the magnetostrictive composites prepared with untreated Terfenol-D was proved weak. Titanate coupling agent was used for particles to improve the bond strength. Contact angle analysis indicates the work of adhesion of the epoxy resin to the treated Terfenol-D is larger than that to the untreated Terfenol-D. Different magnetostrictive composites with 20%, 35% and 50% particle volume fractions were prepared with treated and untreated Terfenol-D particles. Their static and dynamic magnetostriction was tested without pre-stress at room temperature. The results indicate titanate coupling agent treating increases the magnetostrictive properties of magnetostrictive composites, that is probably because the bond strength improves due to the particle treating. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Our experimental results indicate the particles and the polymer matrix have poor bonding. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The poor bonding prevents the effective transfer of the strain from the particles to the matrix. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We used titanate as the coupling agent to improve the bond strength between the particles and the matrix. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The results indicate the bond strength does increase as expected. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The promotion of the bond strength leads to the increase of magnetostrictive properties.

The magnetostriction in a superconductor-magnet system under non-uniform magnetic field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Xueyi; Jiang, Lang; Wu, Hao [Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China attached to the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 (China); Gao, Zhiwen, E-mail: gaozhw@lzu.edu.cn [Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 (China)

2017-03-15

Highlights: • We studied firstly magnetostriction in HTS under non-uniform magnetic field. • The superconductors may be homogeneous and nonhomogeneous. • The magnetostrictions response of the HTS is sensitive to the critical current density and amplitude of the applied magnetic field. • The magnetostriction of nonhomogeneous HTS is larger than that of homogeneous HTS. - Abstract: This paper describes a numerical model to examine the magnetostriction of bulk high-temperature superconductor (HTS) under non-uniform magnetic field in conjunction with finite element analysis. Through this model, the magnetostriction of homogeneous and nonhomogeneous HTS can be implemented under non-uniform magnetic field. Further, the effects of critical current density, applied field frequency and amplitude are also considered. The computational study can provide a fundamental mechanistic understanding the effects of non-uniform magnetic field on magnetostriction of HTS.

Inverse magnetostrictive characteristics of Fe-Co composite materials using gas-nitriding process

Science.gov (United States)

Nakajima, Kenya; Yang, Zhenjun; Narita, Fumio

2018-03-01

The inverse magnetostrictive response, known as the Villari effect, of magnetostrictive materials is a change in magnetization due to an applied stress. It is commonly used for sensor applications. This work deals with the inverse magnetostrictive characteristics of Fe-Co bimetal plates that were subjected gas-nitriding process. Gas-nitriding was performed on bimetal plates for 30 min at 853 K as a surface heat treatment process. The specimens were cooled to room temperature after completing the nitriding treatment. Three-point bending tests were performed on the plates under a magnetic field. The changes on the magnetic induction of the plates due to the applied load are discussed. The effect of the nitriding treatment on the inverse magnetostrictive characteristics, magnetostrictive susceptibility, and magnetic hysteresis loop was examined. Our work represents an important step forward in the development of magnetostrictive sensor materials.

A general 3-D nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model for soft ferromagnetic materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou Haomiao; Zhou Youhe; Zheng Xiaojing; Ye Qiang; Wei Jing

2009-01-01

In this paper, a new general nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model is proposed for soft ferromagnetic materials, and it can predict magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves under various pre-stresses. From the viewpoint of magnetic domain, it is based on the important physical fact that a nonlinear part of the elastic strain produced by magnetic domain wall motion under a pre-stress is responsible for the change of the maximum magnetostrictive strain in accordance with the pre-stress. Then the reduction of magnetostrictive strain from the maximum is caused by the domain rotation. Meanwhile, the magnetization under various pre-stresses in this model is introduced by magnetostrictive effect under the same pre-stress. A simplified 3-D model is put forward by means of linearizing the nonlinear function, i.e. the nonlinear part of the elastic strain produced by domain wall motion, and by using the quartic of magnetization to describe domain rotation. Besides, for the convenience of engineering applications, two-dimensional (plate or film) and one-dimensional (rod) models are also given for isotropic materials and their application ranges are discussed too. In comparison with the experimental data of Kuruzar and Jiles, it is found that this model can predict magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves under various pre-stresses. The numerical simulation further illustrates that the new model can effectively describe the effects of the pre-stress or residual stress on the magnetization and magnetostrictive strain curves. Additionally, this model can be degenerated to the existing magnetostrictive constitutive model for giant magnetostrictive materials (GMM), i.e. a special soft ferromagnetic material

Optimum driving of magnetostrictive amorphous wire micro-motor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Takezawa, Masaaki; Ishizaki, Yuichi; Honda, Takashi; Yamasaki, Jiro

2004-01-01

Characteristics of a magnetostrictive vibration micro-motor were investigated in relation to a supporting position of a magnetostrictive amorphous wire for optimization of the motor. It was found that a vibration of the wire resembled a vibration mode of both ends free and a maximum rotational speed was obtained by supporting the nodes of vibration

Microfabrication of Magnetostrictive Beams for Integrated Sensor Systems

KAUST Repository

Alfadhel, Ahmed

2012-01-01

This dissertation reports the fabrication and characterization of integrated micro sensors consisting of magnetostrictive 500 μm long cantilevers or bridges and conducting interrogation elements. The thin films are fabricated by sputter deposition of NiFe doped with B and Mo and their magnetic properties are optimized by field annealing resulting in a coercivity of 2.4 Oe. An alternating current applied to the interrogation elements magnetizes the magnetostrictive structures, and their longitudinal resonant frequency is detected as an impedance change of the interrogation elements. The significance of using magnetostrictive micro beams is the high resonant frequency of the longitudinal vibration compared to transverse vibration, which can be exploited to develop sensors of high sensitivity.

Origin of magnetostriction in Fe-Ga

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mudivarthi, Chaitanya; Laver, Mark; Cullen, James

2010-01-01

This paper investigates the origin of large magnetostriction in Fe-Ga alloys using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and Kerr microscopy. The SANS data for a single-crystal, electron irradiated, and quenched Fe81Ga19 sample under externally applied magnetic and elastic fields revealed...... the existence of magnetostrictive nanoclusters spaced at similar to 15 nm apart that have a different magnetization than the A2 matrix. Combining the SANS results and the magnetization orientation obtained from the magnetic domain images using a Kerr microscope, it appears that the nanoclusters contribute...

Development of magnetostrictive active members for control of space structures

Science.gov (United States)

Johnson, Bruce G.; Avakian, Kevin M.; Fenn, Ralph C.; Gaffney, Monique S.; Gerver, Michael J.; Hawkey, Timothy J.; Boudreau, Donald J.

1992-08-01

The goal of this Phase 2 Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) project was to determine the technical feasibility of developing magnetostrictive active members for use as truss elements in space structures. Active members control elastic vibrations of truss-based space structures and integrate the functions of truss structure element, actively controlled actuator, and sensor. The active members must control structural motion to the sub-micron level and, for many proposed space applications, work at cryogenic temperatures. Under this program both room temperature and cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive active members were designed, fabricated, and tested. The results of these performance tests indicated that room temperature magnetostrictive actuators feature higher strain, stiffness, and force capability with lower amplifier requirements than similarly sized piezoelectric or electrostrictive active members, at the cost of higher mass. Two different cryogenic temperature magnetostrictive materials were tested at liquid nitrogen temperatures, both with larger strain capability than the room temperature magnetostrictive materials. The cryogenic active member development included the design and fabrication of a cryostat that allows operation of the cryogenic active member in a space structure testbed.

Modeling of Magnetostriction of Soft Elastomer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Petr, Andriushchenko; Leonid, Afremov; Mariya, Chernova

2014-01-01

Small magnetic particles placed in a relatively soft polymer (with elastic modulus E ∼ 10 ÷ 100 kPa) are magnetically soft elastomers. The external magnetic field acts on each particle which leads to microscopic deformation of the material and consequently to changing of its shape – magnetostriction. For purposes of studying of magnetostriction the model of movable cellular automata (MCA), in which a real heterogeneous material is an ensemble of interacting elements of finite size – automata, is used. It's supposed to be that the motion of each automata can be described by Newton's Second law. The force acting on the i-th automata consists of the following components: volume-dependent force acting on the automata i which is caused by pressure from the surrounding automata; force of an external magnetic field acting on the i-th automata with some magnetic moment; and normal and tangential interaction force between a pair of i and j automata. This approach was used for modeling of magnetostriction elastomer

A constitutive model for magnetostriction based on thermodynamic framework

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ho, Kwangsoo

2016-01-01

This work presents a general framework for the continuum-based formulation of dissipative materials with magneto–mechanical coupling in the viewpoint of irreversible thermodynamics. The thermodynamically consistent model developed for the magnetic hysteresis is extended to include the magnetostrictive effect. The dissipative and hysteretic response of magnetostrictive materials is captured through the introduction of internal state variables. The evolution rate of magnetostrictive strain as well as magnetization is derived from thermodynamic and dissipative potentials in accordance with the general principles of thermodynamics. It is then demonstrated that the constitutive model is competent to describe the magneto-mechanical behavior by comparing simulation results with the experimental data reported in the literature. - Highlights: • A thermodynamically consistent model is proposed to describe the magneto-mechanical coupling effect. • Internal state variables are introduced to capture the dissipative material response. • The evolution rate of the magnetostrictive strain is derived through thermodynamic and dissipation potentials.

Influence of crystal orientation on magnetostriction waveform in grain orientated electrical steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kijima, Gou, E-mail: g-kijima@jfe-steel.co.jp [Steel Research Laboratory, JFE Steel Corporation, Kawasaki, 210-0855 (Japan); Yamaguchi, Hiroi; Senda, Kunihiro; Hayakawa, Yasuyuki [Steel Research Laboratory, JFE Steel Corporation, Kurashiki, 712-8511 (Japan)

2014-08-01

Aiming to gain insight into the mechanisms of grain-oriented electrical steel sheet magnetostriction waveforms, we investigated the influence of crystal orientations. An increase in the β angle results in an increase in the amplitude of magnetostriction waveform, but does not affect the waveform itself. By slanting the excitation direction to simulate the change of the α angle, change in the magnetostriction waveform and a constriction–extension transition point in the steel plate was observed. The amplitude, however, was not significantly affected. We explained the nature of constriction–extension transition point in the magnetostriction waveform by considering the magnetization rotation. We speculated that the change of waveform resulting from the increase in the coating tensile stress can be attributed to the phenomenon of the magnetization rotation becoming hard to be generated due to the increase of magnetic anisotropy toward [001] axis. - Highlights: • β angle is related with the amplitude of magnetostriction waveform. • α angle is related with the magnetostriction waveform itself. • The effect of α angle can be controlled by the effect of coating tensile stress.

Reconstruction of data in low-mass magnetostrictive chambers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daley, H.M.

1983-01-01

The reconstruction of spark positions in a set of low-mass spark chambers with remote magnetostrictive readout, used in a study of the reaction π - p → K 0 Λ, is described. The main detectors used were optical spark chambers but in order to provide information close to the vertices low-mass magnetostrictive chambers were fitted inside the cone of the superconducting polarised target magnet. (U.K.)

Anisotropic perpendicular axis magnetostriction in twinned TbxDy1-xFe1.95

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Teter, J.P.; Wun-Fogle, M.; Clark, A.E.; Mahoney, K.

1990-01-01

The longitudinal magnetostriction (Δl/l) for twinned Tb x Dy 1-x Fe 1.95 material, prepared by the free-standing float-zone method, has been previously measured and found to be very large (2000x10 -6 ) at room temperature. The magnetostrictions for the [111] and [1 bar 10] crystallographic axes perpendicular to the applied stress and magnetic-field [11 bar 2] direction are presented as functions of temperature, applied stress, and applied magnetic field. The temperature range is ±60 degree C centered about the anisotropy compensation temperature of Terfenol-D (+10 degree C). The stress ranges from 2 to 32 MPa and the magnetic field to ±2000 Oe. The temperature dependence of the perpendicular axes magnetostriction is similar to that of the conventional magnetostriction measured parallel to the [11 bar 2] growth axis. Relative values for the saturation magnetostriction exhibit a large anisotropy in the perpendicular direction, ranging from -117% for the [111] to +19% for the [1 bar 10] direction. This ratio stays constant as a function of temperature above the compensation temperature for a given prestress above 8 MPa. The largest absolute value of magnetostriction (2260x10 -6 ) occurs in the [111] direction at 10 degree C at a prestress pressure of 12 MPa. Above this temperature the magnetostriction falls at a rate of -8.5x10 -6 /degree C. The volume magnetostriction is shown to be small and highly sample dependent. All data is consistent with the parent-twin magnetization model and also the magnetostriction values along nonprincipal axes

Magnetostriction of heavily deformed Fe–Co binary alloys prepared by forging and cold rolling

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yamaura, Shin-ichi; Nakajima, Takashi; Satoh, Takenobu; Ebata, Takashi; Furuya, Yasubumi

2015-01-01

Highlights: • The as-forged Fe 25 Co 75 alloy shows the magnetostriction of 108 ppm. • The as-cold rolled Fe 25 Co 75 alloy shows the magnetostriction of 140 ppm. • Magnetostriction of Fe–Co alloy reached the maximum in a single bcc state. • Fcc phase is harmful to the increase in magnetostriction of Fe–Co alloy. • Fcc phase precipitation in Fe–Co alloy can be suppressed by cold rolling. - Abstract: Magnetostriction of Fe 1−x Co x (x = 50–90 at%) alloys prepared by forging and subsequent cold-rolling was studied as functions of alloy compositions and thermomechanical treatments. Magnetostriction of the as-forged Fe 25 Co 75 alloy was 108 ppm and that of the as-cold rolled Fe 25 Co 75 alloy measured parallel to the rolling direction (RD) was 128 ppm. The cold-rolled Fe 25 Co 75 alloy possessed a nearly {1 0 0}<0 1 1> texture, leading to the maximum magnetostriction of 140 ppm when measured at an angle of 45° to RD. Moreover, the fully annealed Fe 25 Co 75 and Fe 20 Co 80 alloys were gradually cold rolled and magnetostriction were measured. Results showed that the magnetostriction of those cold-rolled alloys drastically increased with increasing reduction rate. According to the XRD and TEM observations, intensity of the fcc peak gradually decreased with increasing reduction rate and that the alloys became to be in a bcc single state at a reduction rate higher than 90%, leading to a drastic increase in magnetostriction

Magnetostriction of rare earth-Fe2 Laves phase compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Clark, A.E.; Abbundi, R.; Savage, H.T.

1977-01-01

Single crystal magnetostriction measurements were made as a function of temperature on TbFe 2 and DyFe 2 . From these, the intrinsic magnetoelastic coupling coefficients were determined for the rare earth-Fe 2 compounds. Employing X-ray techniques, certain multicomponent rare earth-Fe 2 compounds were identified to maximize the magnetostriction to anisotropy ratio. (Auth.)

Magnetostriction of heavily deformed Fe–Co binary alloys prepared by forging and cold rolling

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yamaura, Shin-ichi, E-mail: yamaura@imr.tohoku.ac.jp [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Nakajima, Takashi [Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan); Satoh, Takenobu; Ebata, Takashi [Tohoku Steel, Co., Ltd., 23 Nishigaoka, Murata, Murata-machi, Shibata 989-1393 (Japan); Furuya, Yasubumi [North Japan Research Institute for Sustainable Energy, Hirosaki University, 2-1-3 Matsubara, Aomori 030-0813 (Japan)

2015-03-15

Highlights: • The as-forged Fe{sub 25}Co{sub 75} alloy shows the magnetostriction of 108 ppm. • The as-cold rolled Fe{sub 25}Co{sub 75} alloy shows the magnetostriction of 140 ppm. • Magnetostriction of Fe–Co alloy reached the maximum in a single bcc state. • Fcc phase is harmful to the increase in magnetostriction of Fe–Co alloy. • Fcc phase precipitation in Fe–Co alloy can be suppressed by cold rolling. - Abstract: Magnetostriction of Fe{sub 1−x}Co{sub x} (x = 50–90 at%) alloys prepared by forging and subsequent cold-rolling was studied as functions of alloy compositions and thermomechanical treatments. Magnetostriction of the as-forged Fe{sub 25}Co{sub 75} alloy was 108 ppm and that of the as-cold rolled Fe{sub 25}Co{sub 75} alloy measured parallel to the rolling direction (RD) was 128 ppm. The cold-rolled Fe{sub 25}Co{sub 75} alloy possessed a nearly {1 0 0}<0 1 1> texture, leading to the maximum magnetostriction of 140 ppm when measured at an angle of 45° to RD. Moreover, the fully annealed Fe{sub 25}Co{sub 75} and Fe{sub 20}Co{sub 80} alloys were gradually cold rolled and magnetostriction were measured. Results showed that the magnetostriction of those cold-rolled alloys drastically increased with increasing reduction rate. According to the XRD and TEM observations, intensity of the fcc peak gradually decreased with increasing reduction rate and that the alloys became to be in a bcc single state at a reduction rate higher than 90%, leading to a drastic increase in magnetostriction.

Magnetostriction of the polycrystalline Fe80Al20 alloy doped with boron

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bormio-Nunes, Cristina; Teodoro dos Santos, Claudio; Botani de Souza Dias, Mateus; Doerr, Mathias; Granovsky, Sergey; Loewenhaupt, Michael

2012-01-01

Highlights: ► Fe 80 Al 20 polycrystalline alloy magnetostriction 40 ppm increased to 80 ppm due to 2% of B doping. ► B stabilizes α-FeAl phase and a coexistence of α-FeAl + Fe 3 Al improves magnetostriction. ► Presence of Fe 2 B phase causes domain rearrangement revealed by the decrease of the volume magnetostriction. - Abstract: The doping of Fe 80 Al 20 polycrystalline alloy with 2% of boron increased the total magnetostriction twofold compared to a sample without boron. A value close to 80 ppm was achieved at 300 K. The microstructures of the boron-doped alloys show a dendritically solidified matrix with interdendritic α-FeAl and/or Fe 3 Al and Fe 2 B eutectic between the grains. The XRD analysis reveals an increase in the volume fraction of α-FeAl and a correspondent decrease of the Fe 3 Al phase volume fraction as the boron content increases. The increase of the volume fraction of this tetragonal Fe 2 B phase in the samples doped with boron causes the decrease of the strong volume magnetostriction that was observed in the alloy without boron. There is some evidence that the improvement of the magnetostriction magnitude due to the addition of boron to the Fe 80 Al 20 alloy could reach the maximal magnetostriction if the 1:1 optimal ratio of the volume fractions of the α-FeAl and Fe 3 Al phases could be reached.

Major and minor magnetostriction hysteresis loops of Co-Cu-Ni ferrite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bienkowski, Adam; Kaczkowski, Zbigniew

2000-01-01

Initial curve, major and minor magnetostriction hysteresis loops (butterfly loops) as the functions of the static magnetic field of the Co 0.004 Cu 0.12 Ni 0.866 Fe 2.01 O 4.02 ferrite were investigated. The saturation magnetostriction for the field equal to 2500 A/m was negative and equal to -11.1x10 -6 and for the field of 540 A/m (equal to 3H c ) was equal to -8.0x10 -6 . Other minor magnetostriction hysteresis loops are presented

The effect of shape anisotropy in giant magnetostrictive fiber Bragg grating sensors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pacheco, C J; Bruno, A C

2010-01-01

We study the role of shape anisotropy on the strain response of magnetic field sensors based on square cuboids with giant magnetostriction and fiber Bragg gratings. We measured a maximum sensitivity of 18 µε mT −1 when a biasing uniform field of 15 mT was applied to a Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 1.92 cuboid with an aspect ratio of 5.0. When gradient fields were applied, we were able to measure a significant change in the magnetostrictive response at different positions, attaching fiber Bragg gratings along the cuboid face containing the main magnetostrictive axis. Depending on the magnitude of the applied gradient, the magnetostrictive response was reduced by up to 34%

Giant volume magnetostriction in the Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} single crystal at room temperature

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Nikitin, S. A., E-mail: nikitin@phys.msu.ru; Pankratov, N. Yu.; Smarzhevskaya, A. I.; Politova, G. A. [Physics Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992 (Russian Federation); Pastushenkov, Yu. G., E-mail: yupast@mail.ru; Skokov, K. P. [Physics Faculty, Tver State University, 170100 Tver (Russian Federation); Moral, A. del [Laboratorio de Magnetismo de Slidos, Departamento de Fisica de Materia Condensada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragn, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C, E-50009 Zaragoza (Spain)

2015-05-21

An investigation of the Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} compound belonging to the class of intermetallic alloys of rare-earth and 3d-transition metals is presented. The magnetization, magnetostriction, and thermal expansion of the Y{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} single crystal were studied. The forced magnetostriction and magnetostriction constants were investigated in the temperature range of the magnetic ordering close to the room temperature. The giant field induced volume magnetostriction was discovered in the room temperature region in the magnetic field up to 1.2 T. The contributions of both anisotropic single-ion and isotropic pair exchange interactions to the volume magnetostriction and magnetostriction constants were determined. The experimental results were interpreted within the framework of the Standard Theory of Magnetostriction and the Landau thermodynamic theory. It was found out that the giant values of the volume magnetostriction were caused by the strong dependence of the 3d-electron Coulomb charge repulsion on the deformations and width of the 3d-electron energy band.

Integrated Microfluidic Sensor System with Magnetostrictive Resonators

KAUST Repository

Liang, Cai; Kosel, Jü rgen; Gooneratne, Chinthaka

2011-01-01

The present embodiments describe a method that integrates a magnetostrictive sensor with driving and detecting elements into a microfluidic chip to detect a chemical, biochemical or biomedical species. These embodiments may also measure the properties of a fluid such as viscosity, pH values. The whole system can be referred to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro-total-analysis-systems (.mu.TAS). In particular, this present embodiments include three units, including a microfluidics unit, a magnetostrictive sensor, and driving/detecting elements. An analyzer may also be provided to analyze an electrical signal associated with a feature of a target specimen.

Integrated Microfluidic Sensor System with Magnetostrictive Resonators

KAUST Repository

Liang, Cai

2011-12-08

The present embodiments describe a method that integrates a magnetostrictive sensor with driving and detecting elements into a microfluidic chip to detect a chemical, biochemical or biomedical species. These embodiments may also measure the properties of a fluid such as viscosity, pH values. The whole system can be referred to lab-on-a-chip (LOC) or micro-total-analysis-systems (.mu.TAS). In particular, this present embodiments include three units, including a microfluidics unit, a magnetostrictive sensor, and driving/detecting elements. An analyzer may also be provided to analyze an electrical signal associated with a feature of a target specimen.

Normally-Closed Zero-Leak Valve with Magnetostrictive Actuator

Science.gov (United States)

Ramspacher, Daniel J. (Inventor); Richard, James A. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A non-pyrotechnic, normally-closed, zero-leak valve is a replacement for the pyrovalve used for both in-space and launch vehicle applications. The valve utilizes a magnetostrictive alloy for actuation, rather than pyrotechnic charges. The alloy, such as Terfenol-D, experiences magnetostriction, i.e. a gross elongation, when exposed to a magnetic field. This elongation fractures a parent metal seal, allowing fluid flow through the valve. The required magnetic field is generated by redundant coils that are isolated from the working fluid.

Multiscale modeling of a low magnetostrictive Fe-27wt%Co-0.5wt%Cr alloy

Science.gov (United States)

Savary, M.; Hubert, O.; Helbert, A. L.; Baudin, T.; Batonnet, R.; Waeckerlé, T.

2018-05-01

The present paper deals with the improvement of a multi-scale approach describing the magneto-mechanical coupling of Fe-27wt%Co-0.5wt%Cr alloy. The magnetostriction behavior is demonstrated as very different (low magnetostriction vs. high magnetostriction) when this material is submitted to two different final annealing conditions after cold rolling. The numerical data obtained from a multi-scale approach are in accordance with experimental data corresponding to the high magnetostriction level material. A bi-domain structure hypothesis is employed to explain the low magnetostriction behavior, in accordance with the effect of an applied tensile stress. A modification of the multiscale approach is proposed to match this result.

Application-related properties of giant magnetostrictive thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lim, S.H.; Kim, H.J.; Na, S.M.; Suh, S.J.

2002-01-01

In an effort to facilitate the utilization of giant magnetostrictive thin films in microdevices, application-related properties of these thin films, which include induced anisotropy, residual stress and corrosion properties, are investigated. A large induced anisotropy with an energy of 6x10 4 J/m 3 is formed in field-sputtered amorphous Sm-Fe-B thin films, resulting in a large magnetostriction anisotropy. Two components of residual stress, intrinsic compressive stress and tensile stress due to the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between the substrate and thin film, are identified. The variation of residual stress with fabrication parameter and annealing temperature, and its influence on mechanical bending and magnetic properties are examined. Better corrosion properties are observed in Sm-Fe thin films than in Tb-Fe. Corrosion properties of Tb-Fe thin films, however, are much improved with the introduction of nitrogen to the thin films without deteriorating magnetostrictive properties

Magnetostrictive and mechanical properties of Terfenol-D composites based on polymer

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez, C.; Cuevas, J. M.; Orue, I.; Vilas, J. L.; Barandiarán, J. M.; Fernandez-Gubieda, M. L.; Leon, L. M.

2007-07-01

Several composites, with outstanding magnetostrictive properties, have been synthesized combining a polyurethane base elastomer, with polycrystalline powders of Terfenol-D with a preferential orientation obtained by curing the material in a magnetic field. The morphology of the polymer matrix can be modified by changing the ratio of the hard /soft segment (F) of the polyurethane from 0.6 to 1.5. The influence of the morphology in the magnetostrictive response, for different composites, has been studied by following the storage modulus, E', in DMTA analysis. The magnetostrictive response has been studied as a function of Terfenol-D particle size and distribution (0-300, 212-300, 106-212, 0-38 μm), as well as a function of the content of the magnetostrictive particles in the composite. The highest response (about 1390 ppm) was obtained for a F=1.5 polyurethane and 50% wt of Terfenol-D of 212-300 μm particle size, oriented with a magnetic field of 0.5 T.

Giant magnetostriction in Ca2FeReO6 double perovskite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serrate, D.; De Teresa, J.M.; Algarabel, P.A.; Marquina, C.; Morellon, L.; Blasco, J.; Ibarra, M.R.

2005-01-01

We report magnetostriction measurements in polycrystalline Ca 2 FeReO 6 magnetic double perovskite up to 20T and in the temperature range 4.2-250K. This compound shows a high Curie temperature (T C =523K) and a structural transition at low temperatures (T S =110K). By combining magnetostriction measurements parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field, we evaluate the anisotropic (λ t ) and volume magnetostriction (ω). The λ t at room temperature is large and reaches below T S the giant value of ∼0.1% at 15T. Below T S , the ω is also found to be large: ∼0.05% at 15T at 5K. These results are interpreted within a scenario where the Re orbital state plays a crucial role in the ground state. The observed effect could open a new way to observe giant magnetostriction effects in transition-metal-based magnetic oxides through suitable tuning of the orbital effects in the transition metals

Development of a Modular Magnetostrictive Transducer for Torsional Guided Wave Transduction in a Cylindrical Structure

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cho, Seung Hyun; Park, Jae Ha; Kwon, Hyu Sang; Ahn, Bong Young; Lee, Seung Seok [Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2009-10-15

Cylindrical structures such as pipes and shafts are widely used in various industrial facilities. Recently, researches on magnetostrictive transduction of torsional waves have been actively reported for the nondestructive evaluation of those cylindrical structures. However, the existing magnetostrictive patch transducer has somewhat inconvenient and time. Consuming process like patch bonding to a structure since it should employ a magnetostrictive patch having strong magnetostriction. To overcome these limitations of the existing transducer, in this work, we develop a novel modular magnetostrictive transducer to generate and measure torsional waves to inspect a cylindrical structure. The proposed transducer can be applied as viscous liquid coupling with shear couplant or dry coupling without coupling media instead of patch bonding to a structure. We describe a detailed structure of the modular transducer and conduct some experiments to verify its performance

Development of a Modular Magnetostrictive Transducer for Torsional Guided Wave Transduction in a Cylindrical Structure

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Seung Hyun; Park, Jae Ha; Kwon, Hyu Sang; Ahn, Bong Young; Lee, Seung Seok

2009-01-01

Cylindrical structures such as pipes and shafts are widely used in various industrial facilities. Recently, researches on magnetostrictive transduction of torsional waves have been actively reported for the nondestructive evaluation of those cylindrical structures. However, the existing magnetostrictive patch transducer has somewhat inconvenient and time. Consuming process like patch bonding to a structure since it should employ a magnetostrictive patch having strong magnetostriction. To overcome these limitations of the existing transducer, in this work, we develop a novel modular magnetostrictive transducer to generate and measure torsional waves to inspect a cylindrical structure. The proposed transducer can be applied as viscous liquid coupling with shear couplant or dry coupling without coupling media instead of patch bonding to a structure. We describe a detailed structure of the modular transducer and conduct some experiments to verify its performance

Giant magnetoresistance and magnetostriction in Mn1.8Co0.2Sb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kushwaha, Pallavi; Lakhani, Archna; Rawat, R.

2007-01-01

We have studied the first order ferrimagnetic (FRI) to antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition in Mn l.8 Co 0.2 Sb by resistivity, magneto resistance and magnetostriction. With the application of magnetic field FRI to AFM transition temperature (T N ) decreases monotonically and hysteresis across the transition increases. Below T N FRI to AFM transition can be induced with the application of magnetic field which results in giant magnetoresistance and magnetostriction. The magnetostriction is found to be anomalous in this compound showing a small negative minimum close to critical field required for AFM to FRI transition. (author)

Magnetic field strength dependence of the magnetostriction of rare-earth iron garnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zvezdin, A.K.; Levitin, R.Z.; Popov, A.I.; Silant'ev, V.I.

1981-01-01

The magnetostriction of holmium-yttrium iron garnets Hosub(x)Ysub(3-x)Fesub(5)Osub(12) (x=3 or 1.05) is measured in pulsed magnetic fields up to 200 kOe at 78 K. It is shown that the magnetostriction constants lambda 111 and lambda 100 of these ferrimagnets depends on the magnetic field strength. The magnetostriction constant of the iron garnet Ho 3 Fe 5 O 12 increases and of the iron garnet Hosub(1.05)Ysub(1.95)Fesub(5)Osub(12) decreases with increase of the field strength. The field dependences of the anisotropic magnetostriction constants lambda 111 and lambda 100 for Hosub(1.05)Ysub(1.95)Fesub(5)Osub(12) are fundamentally different. Thus lambda 111 depends quadratically on the total effective field Hsub(eff) whereas lambda 100 depends almost linearly on Hsub(eff). A theoretical analysis of the magneto-elastic interaction in rare-earth iron garnets is carried out [ru

Magnetostriction of Hexagonal HoMnO3 and YMnO3 Single Crystals

Science.gov (United States)

Pavlovskii, N. S.; Dubrovskii, A. A.; Nikitin, S. E.; Semenov, S. V.; Terent'ev, K. Yu.; Shaikhutdinov, K. A.

2018-03-01

We report on the magnetostriction of hexagonal HoMnO3 and YMnO3 single crystals in a wide range of applied magnetic fields (up to H = 14 T) at all possible combinations of the mutual orientations of magnetic field H and magnetostriction Δ L/L. The measured Δ L/L( H, T) data agree well with the magnetic phase diagram of the HoMnO3 single crystal reported previously by other authors. It is shown that the nonmonotonic behavior of magnetostriction of the HoMnO3 crystal is caused by the Ho3+ ion; the magnetic moment of the Mn3+ ion parallel to the hexagonal crystal axis. The anomalies established from the magnetostriction measurements of HoMnO3 are consistent with the phase diagram of these compounds. For the isostructural YMnO3 single crystal with a nonmagnetic rare-earth ion, the Δ L/L( H, T) dependences are described well by a conventional quadratic law in a wide temperature range (4-100 K). In addition, the magnetostriction effect is qualitatively estimated with regard to the effect of the crystal electric field on the holmium ion.

Magnetostriction of some cubic rare earth-Co2 compounds in high magnetic fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moral, A. del; Melville, D.

1975-01-01

Magnetostriction measurements have been carried out in the cubic Laves phase compounds DyCo 2 , HoCo 2 and ErCo 2 from 10 K to well above their respective Neel temperatures Tsub(N). Pulsed magnetic fields up to 15 T (150kOe) were applied. The observed magnetostrictions are very large (approximately 10 -3 ) being similar to those found in the RFe 2 compounds. The measurements confirm the extremely high anisotropy of these materials. At the highest fields the polycrystalline samples are still undergoing rotational magnetization processes. The expected values of the saturation magnetostriction at O K are similar in sign and magnitude to those found in the corresponding rare earth metals. This fact and the scaling of magnetostriction with rare earth sublattice magnetization indicates that the rare earth ion is the main source of the magnetostriction. The metamagnetic transition above Tsub(N) has been studied, the relation between critical field and temperature being nonlinear for HoCo 2 and ErCo 2 . The compounds are highly anisotropic above Tsub(N) and all the features indicate that the field-induced phases are likely to be ferrimagnetic. (author)

A general one-dimension nonlinear magneto-elastic coupled constitutive model for magnetostrictive materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhang, Da-Guang; Li, Meng-Han; Zhou, Hao-Miao

2015-01-01

For magnetostrictive rods under combined axial pre-stress and magnetic field, a general one-dimension nonlinear magneto-elastic coupled constitutive model was built in this paper. First, the elastic Gibbs free energy was expanded into polynomial, and the relationship between stress and strain and the relationship between magnetization and magnetic field with the polynomial form were obtained with the help of thermodynamic relations. Then according to microscopic magneto-elastic coupling mechanism and some physical facts of magnetostrictive materials, a nonlinear magneto-elastic constitutive with concise form was obtained when the relations of nonlinear strain and magnetization in the polynomial constitutive were instead with transcendental functions. The comparisons between the prediction and the experimental data of different magnetostrictive materials, such as Terfenol-D, Metglas and Ni showed that the predicted magnetostrictive strain and magnetization curves were consistent with experimental results under different pre-stresses whether in the region of low and moderate field or high field. Moreover, the model can fully reflect the nonlinear magneto-mechanical coupling characteristics between magnetic, magnetostriction and elasticity, and it can effectively predict the changes of material parameters with pre-stress and bias field, which is useful in practical applications

Forced volume magnetostriction in Mn3.3Sn0.7C compound at room temperature

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wen Yongchun; Wang Cong; Sun Ying; Nie Man; Chu Lihua

2010-01-01

The negative volume magnetostriction in the external magnetic field for antiperovskite Mn 3.3 Sn 0.7 C compound is discovered. Its magnetic transition temperature from paramagnetism to ferrimagnetism is 348 K. The linear and volume magnetostrictions were investigated by measuring the change in length along the three-dimensional directions of the square samples at room temperature. Volume contraction was observed along all of the three directions throughout the whole magnetization. The value of volume magnetostriction is -44x10 -6 at 1.5 T. The magnetization saturates basically at 1.5 T, however the volume magnetostriction should be higher with further increase in magnetic field.

A nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic coupled hysteretic constitutive model for magnetostrictive alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin Ke; Kou Yong; Zheng Xiaojing

2012-01-01

This paper presents a general hysteretic constitutive law of nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic coupling for magnetostrictive alloys. The model considered here is thermodynamically motivated and based on the Gibbs free energy function. A nonlinear part of the elastic strain arising from magnetic domain rotation induced by the pre-stress is taken into account. Furthermore, the movement of the domain walls is incorporated to describe hysteresis based on Jiles–Atherton's model. Then a set of closed and analytical expressions of the constitutive law for the magnetostrictive rods and films are obtained, and the parameters appearing in the model can be determined by those measurable experiments in mechanics and physics. Comparing this model with other existing models in this field, the quantitative results show that the relationships obtained here are more effective to describe the effects of the pre-stress or in-plane residual stress and ambient temperature on the magnetization or the magnetostriction hysteresis loops. - Highlights: ► A general hysteretic constitutive law of nonlinear magneto-thermo-elastic coupling for magnetostrictive materials is proposed. ► Model is thermodynamically motivated and the reversible magnetic domain rotation and irreversible domain wall motion are taken. ► The predictions are in good accordance with the experimental data including both rods and films. ► Magnetostrictive alloys are sensitive to environment temperature and pre-stress or residual stress.

Modelling of magnetostriction of transformer magnetic core for vibration analysis

Science.gov (United States)

Marks, Janis; Vitolina, Sandra

2017-12-01

Magnetostriction is a phenomenon occurring in transformer core in normal operation mode. Yet in time, it can cause the delamination of magnetic core resulting in higher level of vibrations that are measured on the surface of transformer tank during diagnostic tests. The aim of this paper is to create a model for evaluating elastic deformations in magnetic core that can be used for power transformers with intensive vibrations in order to eliminate magnetostriction as a their cause. Description of the developed model in Matlab and COMSOL software is provided including restrictions concerning geometry and properties of materials, and the results of performed research on magnetic core anisotropy are provided. As a case study modelling of magnetostriction for 5-legged 200 MVA power transformer with the rated voltage of 13.8/137kV is conducted, based on which comparative analysis of vibration levels and elastic deformations is performed.

Modelling of magnetostriction of transformer magnetic core for vibration analysis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Marks Janis

2017-12-01

Full Text Available Magnetostriction is a phenomenon occurring in transformer core in normal operation mode. Yet in time, it can cause the delamination of magnetic core resulting in higher level of vibrations that are measured on the surface of transformer tank during diagnostic tests. The aim of this paper is to create a model for evaluating elastic deformations in magnetic core that can be used for power transformers with intensive vibrations in order to eliminate magnetostriction as a their cause. Description of the developed model in Matlab and COMSOL software is provided including restrictions concerning geometry and properties of materials, and the results of performed research on magnetic core anisotropy are provided. As a case study modelling of magnetostriction for 5-legged 200 MVA power transformer with the rated voltage of 13.8/137kV is conducted, based on which comparative analysis of vibration levels and elastic deformations is performed.

Magnetostriction of the polycrystalline Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} alloy doped with boron

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bormio-Nunes, Cristina, E-mail: cristina@demar.eel.usp.br [Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Dep. de Eng. de Materiais, Universidade de S.Paulo, Lorena, SP (Brazil); Teodoro dos Santos, Claudio; Botani de Souza Dias, Mateus [Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Dep. de Eng. de Materiais, Universidade de S.Paulo, Lorena, SP (Brazil); Doerr, Mathias; Granovsky, Sergey; Loewenhaupt, Michael [Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik, TU Dresden, D-01062 Dresden (Germany)

2012-10-25

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} polycrystalline alloy magnetostriction 40 ppm increased to 80 ppm due to 2% of B doping. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer B stabilizes {alpha}-FeAl phase and a coexistence of {alpha}-FeAl + Fe{sub 3}Al improves magnetostriction. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Presence of Fe{sub 2}B phase causes domain rearrangement revealed by the decrease of the volume magnetostriction. - Abstract: The doping of Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} polycrystalline alloy with 2% of boron increased the total magnetostriction twofold compared to a sample without boron. A value close to 80 ppm was achieved at 300 K. The microstructures of the boron-doped alloys show a dendritically solidified matrix with interdendritic {alpha}-FeAl and/or Fe{sub 3}Al and Fe{sub 2}B eutectic between the grains. The XRD analysis reveals an increase in the volume fraction of {alpha}-FeAl and a correspondent decrease of the Fe{sub 3}Al phase volume fraction as the boron content increases. The increase of the volume fraction of this tetragonal Fe{sub 2}B phase in the samples doped with boron causes the decrease of the strong volume magnetostriction that was observed in the alloy without boron. There is some evidence that the improvement of the magnetostriction magnitude due to the addition of boron to the Fe{sub 80}Al{sub 20} alloy could reach the maximal magnetostriction if the 1:1 optimal ratio of the volume fractions of the {alpha}-FeAl and Fe{sub 3}Al phases could be reached.

Spin reorientation and giant low-temperature magnetostriction of polycrystalline NdFe1.9 compound

Science.gov (United States)

Tang, Y. M.; He, Y.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, L.; Tang, S. L.; Du, Y. W.

2018-04-01

The spin reorientation and magnetostriction of polycrystalline NdFe1.9 cubic Laves phase compound were investigated. A prominent transition from tetragonal symmetry to orthorhombic symmetry in NdFe1.9 compound was determined by X-ray crystallographic study. Meanwhile, a large spontaneous magnetostriction λ111 of ∼3100 ppm was detected at 15 K, which is larger than the theoretical value of 2000 ppm predicted by single-ion model. NdFe1.9 exhibits larger low-field magnetostriction than PrFe1.9 and TbFe1.9 at 5 K in the magnetic field range of H ≤ 13 kOe, which makes it a promising material for low-temperature applications. The present work might be helpful to discover inexpensive Nd-based high-performance magnetostrictive and even magnetoelectric materials for low-temperature applications.

Origin of gigantic magnetostriction and crystal field effects in terbium dititanate

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aleksandrov, I.V.; Lidskij, B.V.; Mamsurova, L.G.

1985-01-01

The temperature and magnetic field dependences of the magnetostriction and magnetization and the temperature dependences of the magnetic susceptibility, specific heat and lattice parameter are investigated experimentally in a broad range of temperature and field strength for polycrystalline and single crystal Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 . A conclusion is drawn regarding the structure of the energy levels of Tb 3+ in Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 . A qualitative and quantitative explanation of all observed magnetic effects, and in particular of gigantic magnetostriction in Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7 , is presented which is based on the crystal field theory. It is shown that the huge magnitude of the magnetostriction in terbium dititanate is due to the specificity of the energy spectrum of Tb 3+ in Tb 2 Ti 2 O 7

Method and Apparatus for High-Permeability Magnetostrictive/Piezo-Fiber Laminates Having Colossal, Near-Ideal Magnetoelectricity

OpenAIRE

2007-01-01

An ME composite laminate of at least one (1-3) piezo-fiber layer coupled with high-permeability alloy magnetostrictive layers, optionally formed of FeBSiC or equivalent. The composite laminate alternates the (1-3) piezo-fiber and high-permeability alloy magnetostrictive layers in a stacked manner. Optionally, the magnetization direction of the high-permeability alloy magnetostrictive layers and polarization direction of the piezo-fiber layer are an (L-L) arrangement. Optionally, thin film pol...

Magnetostriction of field-structured magnetoelastomers.

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gulley, Gerald L. (Dominican University, River Forest, IL); Read, Douglas H.; Martin, James Ellis; Huber, Dale L.; Anderson, Robert Alan; Frankamp, Benjamin L.

2005-12-01

Field-structured magnetic particle composites are an important new class of materials that have great potential as both sensors and actuators. These materials are synthesized by suspending magnetic particles in a polymeric resin and subjecting these to magnetic fields while the resin polymerizes. If a simple uniaxial magnetic field is used, the particles will form chains, yielding composites whose magnetic susceptibility is enhanced along a single direction. A biaxial magnetic field, comprised of two orthogonal ac fields, forms particle sheets, yielding composites whose magnetic susceptibility is enhanced along two principal directions. A balanced triaxial magnetic field can be used to enhance the susceptibility in all directions, and biased heterodyned triaxial magnetic fields are especially effective for producing composites with a greatly enhanced susceptibility along a single axis. Magnetostriction is quadratic in the susceptibility, so increasing the composite susceptibility is important to developing actuators that function well at modest fields. To investigate magnetostriction in these field-structured composites we have constructed a sensitive, constant-stress apparatus capable of 1 ppm strain resolution. The sample geometry is designed to minimize demagnetizing field effects. With this apparatus we have demonstrated field-structured composites with nearly 10,000 ppm strain.

Torsional actuation with extension-torsion composite coupling and a magnetostrictive actuator

Science.gov (United States)

Bothwell, Christopher M.; Chandra, Ramesh; Chopra, Inderjit

1995-04-01

An analytical-experimental study of using magnetostrictive actuators in conjunction with an extension-torsion coupled composite tube to actuate a rotor blade trailing-edge flap to actively control helicopter vibration is presented. Thin walled beam analysis based on Vlasov theory was used to predict the induced twist and extension in a composite tube with magnetostrictive actuation. The study achieved good correlation between theory and experiment. The Kevlar-epoxy systems showed good correlation between measured and predicted twist values.

The resonance frequency shift characteristic of Terfenol-D rods for magnetostrictive actuators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jin, Ke; Kou, Yong; Zheng, Xiaojing

2012-01-01

This paper focuses on the resonance frequency shift characteristic of Terfenol-D rods for magnetostrictive actuators. A 3D nonlinear dynamic model to describe the magneto-thermo-elastic coupling behavior of actuators is proposed based on a nonlinear constitutive model. The coupled interactions among stress- and magnetic-field-dependent variables for actuators are solved iteratively using the finite element method. The model simulations show a good correlation with the experimental data, which demonstrates that this model can capture the coupled resonance frequency shift features for magnetostrictive actuators well. Moreover, a comprehensive description for temperature, pre-stress and bias field dependences of resonance frequency is discussed in detail. These essential and important investigations will be of significant benefit to both theoretical research and the applications of magnetostrictive materials in smart or intelligent structures and systems. (paper)

A Magnetostrictive Tuning System for Particle Accelerators

CERN Document Server

Tai, Chiu-Ying; Daly, Edward; Davis, Kirk; Espinola, William; Han, Zhixiu; Joshi, Chandrashekhar; Mavanur, Anil; Racz, Livia; Shepard, Kenneth

2005-01-01

Energen, Inc. has designed, built, and demonstrated several fast and slow tuners based on its magnetostrictive actuators and stepper motor. These tuners are designed for Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities, which are important structures in particle accelerators that support a wide spectrum of disciplines, including nuclear and high-energy physics and free electron lasers (FEL). In the past two years, Energen's work has focused on magnetostrictive fast tuners for microphonics and Lorentz detuning compensation on elliptical-cell and spoke-loaded cavities, including the capability for real-time closed-loop control. These tuners were custom designed to meet specific requirements, which included a few to 100 micron stroke range, hundreds to kilohertz operation frequency, and cryogenic temperature operation in vacuum or liquid helium. These tuners have been tested in house and at different laboratories, such as DESY, Argonne National Lab, and Jefferson Lab. Some recent results are presented in this pape...

A magnetostrictive composite-fiber Bragg Grating sensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Quintero, Sully M M; Braga, Arthur M B; Weber, Hans I; Bruno, Antonio C; Araújo, Jefferson F D F

2010-01-01

This paper presents a light and compact optical fiber Bragg Grating sensor for DC and AC magnetic field measurements. The fiber is coated by a thick layer of a magnetostrictive composite consisting of particles of Terfenol-D dispersed in a polymeric matrix. Among the different compositions for the coating that were tested, the best magnetostrictive response was obtained using an epoxy resin as binder and a 30% volume fraction of Terfenol-D particles with sizes ranging from 212 to 300 μm. The effect of a compressive preload in the sensor was also investigated. The achieved resolution was 0.4 mT without a preload or 0.3 mT with a compressive pre-stress of 8.6 MPa. The sensor was tested at magnetic fields of up to 750 mT under static conditions. Dynamic measurements were conducted with a magnetic unbalanced four-pole rotor.

A Magnetostrictive Composite-Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jefferson F. D. F. Araújo

2010-08-01

Full Text Available This paper presents a light and compact optical fiber Bragg Grating sensor for DC and AC magnetic field measurements. The fiber is coated by a thick layer of a magnetostrictive composite consisting of particles of Terfenol-D dispersed in a polymeric matrix. Among the different compositions for the coating that were tested, the best magnetostrictive response was obtained using an epoxy resin as binder and a 30% volume fraction of Terfenol-D particles with sizes ranging from 212 to 300 µm. The effect of a compressive preload in the sensor was also investigated. The achieved resolution was 0.4 mT without a preload or 0.3 mT with a compressive pre-stress of 8.6 MPa. The sensor was tested at magnetic fields of up to 750 mT under static conditions. Dynamic measurements were conducted with a magnetic unbalanced four-pole rotor

Microfabrication of Magnetostrictive Beams for Integrated Sensor Systems

KAUST Repository

Alfadhel, Ahmed

2012-01-01

This dissertation reports the fabrication and characterization of integrated micro sensors consisting of magnetostrictive 500 μm long cantilevers or bridges and conducting interrogation elements. The thin films are fabricated by sputter deposition

Large reversible magnetostrictive effect of MnCoSi-based compounds prepared by high-magnetic-field solidification

Science.gov (United States)

Hu, Q. B.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, S.; Tang, W.; He, X. J.; Li, Z.; Cao, Q. Q.; Wang, D. H.; Du, Y. W.

2018-01-01

The MnCoSi compound is a potential magnetostriction material since the magnetic field can drive a metamagnetic transition from an antiferromagnetic phase to a high magnetization phase in it, which accompanies a large lattice distortion. However, a large driving magnetic field, magnetic hysteresis, and poor mechanical properties seriously hinder its application for magnetostriction. By substituting Fe for Mn and introducing vacancies of the Mn element, textured and dense Mn0.97Fe0.03CoSi and Mn0.88CoSi compounds are prepared through a high-magnetic-field solidification approach. As a result, large room-temperature and reversible magnetostriction effects are observed in these compounds at a low magnetic field. The origin of this large magnetostriction effect and potential applications are discussed.

Strain-magneto-optics of a magnetostrictive ferrimagnet CoFe2O4

OpenAIRE

Sukhorukov, Yu. P.; Telegin, A. V.; Bebenin, N. G.; Nosov, A. P.; Bessonov, V. D.; Buchkevich, A. A.

2017-01-01

We experimentally demonstrate that in magnetostrictive ferrimagnetic single crystal of CoFe2O4 there is clear correlation between magnetostriction and magnetoreflection of unpolarized light in the infrared range. The influence of magnetic field on specular reflection is likely to be indirect: application of a magnetic field results in strong strain and deformation of the crystal lattice, which leads to the change in electron energy structure and hence reflection spectrum.

Evaluation of a miniature magnetostrictive actuator using Galfenol under tensile stress

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ueno, Toshiyuki; Miura, Hidemitsu; Yamada, Sotoshi

2011-01-01

We are, at present, developing miniature actuators using an iron-gallium alloy (Galfenol). Galfenol is an iron-based magnetostrictive material with magnetostriction exceeding 200 ppm, Young's modulus of 70 GPa and a high relative permeability (>100). The advantages of an actuator using this material are capability of miniaturization, stability against external force, low voltage driving and high power. In this study, a miniature vibrator using an E core of Galfenol under tensile stress up to 20 MPa was investigated. The vibrator did not fracture and maintained the magnetostriction even under a high tensile stress. In addition, the resonance frequency, unchanged under the tensile stress, was lower than the cutoff frequency, hence the vibrator can be driven with a low voltage even in resonance driving. The temperature rise in resonance driving was low and creep was not observed in resonance driving under tensile stress. The vibrator will be applicable in flat panel or bone conductive speakers.

Evaluation of a miniature magnetostrictive actuator using Galfenol under tensile stress

Science.gov (United States)

Ueno, Toshiyuki; Miura, Hidemitsu; Yamada, Sotoshi

2011-02-01

We are, at present, developing miniature actuators using an iron-gallium alloy (Galfenol). Galfenol is an iron-based magnetostrictive material with magnetostriction exceeding 200 ppm, Young's modulus of 70 GPa and a high relative permeability (>100). The advantages of an actuator using this material are capability of miniaturization, stability against external force, low voltage driving and high power. In this study, a miniature vibrator using an E core of Galfenol under tensile stress up to 20 MPa was investigated. The vibrator did not fracture and maintained the magnetostriction even under a high tensile stress. In addition, the resonance frequency, unchanged under the tensile stress, was lower than the cutoff frequency, hence the vibrator can be driven with a low voltage even in resonance driving. The temperature rise in resonance driving was low and creep was not observed in resonance driving under tensile stress. The vibrator will be applicable in flat panel or bone conductive speakers.

New experimental procedure for measuring volume magnetostriction on powder samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rivero, G.; Multigner, M.; Valdes, J.; Crespo, P.; Martinez, A.; Hernando, A.

2005-01-01

Conventional techniques used for volume magnetostriction measurements, as strain gauge or cantilever method, are very useful for ribbons or thin films but cannot be applied when the samples are in powder form. To overcome this problem a new experimental procedure has been developed. In this work, the experimental set-up is described, together with the results obtained in amorphous FeCuZr powders, which exhibit a strong dependence of the magnetization on the strength of the applied magnetic field. The magnetostriction measurements presented in this work point out that this dependence is related to a magnetovolume effect

Magnetostrictive performance of additively manufactured CoFe rods using the LENSTM system

Science.gov (United States)

Jones, Nicholas J.; Yoo, Jin-Hyeong; Ott, Ryan T.; Lambert, Paul K.; Petculescu, Gabriela; Simsek, Emrah; Schlagel, Deborah; Lograsso, Thomas A.

2018-05-01

Magnetostrictive materials exhibit a strain in the presence of a variable magnetic field. While they normally require large, highly oriented crystallographic grains for high strain values, metal additive manufacturing (3D printing) may be able to produce highly textured polycrystalline rods, with properties comparable to those manufactured using the more demanding free standing zone melting (FSZM) technique. Rods of Co75.8Fe24.2 and Co63.7Fe36.3 have been fabricated using the Laser engineered net shaping (LENSTM) system to evaluate the performance of additively manufactured magnetic and magnetostrictive materials. The 76% Co sample showed an average magnetostriction (λ) of 86 ppm at a stress of 124 MPa; in contrast, the 64% Co sample showed only 27 ppm at the same stress. For direct comparison, a Co67Fe33 single crystal disk, also measured as part of this study, exhibited a magnetostriction value of 131 and 91 microstrain in the [100] and [111] directions, respectively, with a calculated polycrystalline value (λs) of 107 microstrain. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) has been used to qualitatively link the performance with crystallographic orientation and phase information, showing only the BCC phase in the 76% Co sample, but three different phases (BCC, FCC, and HCP) in the 64% Co sample.

Magnetostrictive performance of additively manufactured CoFe rods using the LENSTM system

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nicholas J. Jones

2018-05-01

Full Text Available Magnetostrictive materials exhibit a strain in the presence of a variable magnetic field. While they normally require large, highly oriented crystallographic grains for high strain values, metal additive manufacturing (3D printing may be able to produce highly textured polycrystalline rods, with properties comparable to those manufactured using the more demanding free standing zone melting (FSZM technique. Rods of Co75.8Fe24.2 and Co63.7Fe36.3 have been fabricated using the Laser engineered net shaping (LENSTM system to evaluate the performance of additively manufactured magnetic and magnetostrictive materials. The 76% Co sample showed an average magnetostriction (λ of 86 ppm at a stress of 124 MPa; in contrast, the 64% Co sample showed only 27 ppm at the same stress. For direct comparison, a Co67Fe33 single crystal disk, also measured as part of this study, exhibited a magnetostriction value of 131 and 91 microstrain in the [100] and [111] directions, respectively, with a calculated polycrystalline value (λs of 107 microstrain. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD has been used to qualitatively link the performance with crystallographic orientation and phase information, showing only the BCC phase in the 76% Co sample, but three different phases (BCC, FCC, and HCP in the 64% Co sample.

The GDQ Method of Thermal Vibration Laminated Shell with Actuating Magnetostrictive Layers

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

C.C. Hong

2017-06-01

Full Text Available The research of laminated magnetostrictive shell under thermal vibration was computed by using the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ method. In the thermoelastic stress-strain equations that contain the terms linear temperature rise and the magnetostrictive material with velocity feedback control. The dynamic equilibrium differential equations with displacements were normalized and discretized into the dynamic discretized equations by the GDQ method. Two edges of laminated shell with clamped boundary conditions were considered. The values of interlaminar thermal stresses and center displacement of shell with and without velocity feedback control were calculated, respectively. The purpose of this research is to compute the time responses of displacement and stresses in the laminated magnetostrictive shell subjected to thermal vibration with suitable controlled gain values. The numerical GDQ results of displacement and stresses are also obtained and investigated. With velocity feedback and suitable control gain values are found to reduce the amplitude of displacement and stresses into a smaller value. The higher values of temperature get the higher amplitude of displacement and stresses. The GDQ results of actuating magnetostrictive shells can be applied in the field of morphing aircraft (adaptive structures and smart materials to reduce and suppress the vibration when under aero-thermal flutter.

Numerical modeling of Galfenol magnetostrictive response

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kholmetska, I.; Chleboun, J.; Krejčí, Pavel

2018-01-01

Roč. 319, 15 February (2018), s. 527-537 ISSN 0096-3003 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-12227S Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : magnetostriction * hysteresis * energy harvesting Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics OBOR OECD: Pure mathematics Impact factor: 1.738, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0096300317303648?via%3Dihub

Electrical percolation threshold of magnetostrictive inclusions in a piezoelectric matrix composite as a function of relative particle size

Science.gov (United States)

Barbero, Ever J.; Bedard, Antoine Joseph

2018-04-01

Magnetoelectric composites can be produced by embedding magnetostrictive particles in a piezoelectric matrix derived from a piezoelectric powder precursor. Ferrite magnetostrictive particles, if allowed to percolate, can short the potential difference generated in the piezoelectric phase. Modeling a magnetoelectric composite as an aggregate of bi-disperse hard shells, molecular dynamics was used to explore relationships among relative particle size, particle affinity, and electrical percolation with the goal of maximizing the percolation threshold. It is found that two factors raise the percolation threshold, namely the relative size of magnetostrictive to piezoelectric particles, and the affinity between the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric particles.

Fabrication of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2/epoxy composites: Enhanced uniform magnetostrictive and mechanical properties using a dryprocess

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dong Xufeng; Qi Min; Guan Xinchun; Ou Jinping

2011-01-01

To improve the uniformity of the magnetostrictive properties of Terfenol-D composites along the field direction, a dry method is developed in the present study. We examined the compaction pressure, particle volume fraction, particle size and composite configuration as factors that affected the magnetostrictive properties of the composites. The experimental results indicated that the magnetostrictive properties were improved with the increase of compaction pressure and particle volume fraction. In addition, larger average particle size was shown to result in more pronounced magnetostrictive properties. The particle alignment due to the orientation field is beneficial for the promotion of the magnetostrictive properties. The largest saturation magnetostriction and the maximum piezo-magnetic coefficient in the absence of a mechanical preload was obtained at 1005 ppm and 4.08 nm/A, respectively, for the aligned composite including a particle volume fraction of 77% and an average particle size of 210 μm. - Research Highlights: → Magnetostrictive composites were usually fabricated using a wet process. Since the settlement of the particles in the liquid polymers frequently occurred, the properties of the composites were inhomogeneous. → The dry process developed in the present study was proved effective to fabricate magnetostrictive composites with uniform properties. → The largest saturation magnetostriction and the maximum piezo-magnetic coefficient in the absence of a mechanical preload was obtained at 1005 ppm and 4.08 nm/A.

Thermal Expansion Anomaly and Spontaneous Magnetostriction of Y2Fe14Al3 Compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yan-Ming, Hao; Xin-Yuan, Jiang; Chun-Jing, Gao; Yan-Zhao, Wu; Yan-Yan, Zhang

2009-01-01

The structure and magnetic properties of Y 2 Fe 14 Al 3 compound are investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. The Y 2 Fe 14 Al 3 compound has a hexagonal Th 2 Ni 17 -type structure. Negative thermal expansion is found in Y 2 Fe 14 Al 3 compound in the temperature range from 403 to 491K by x-ray dilatometry. The coefficient of the average thermal expansion is α-bar = –2.54 × 10 −5 K −1 . The spontaneous magnetostrictive deformations from 283 to 470K are calculated by means of the differences between the experimental values of the lattice parameters and the corresponding values extrapolated from the paramagnetic range. The result shows that the spontaneous volume magnetostrictive deformation ω S decreases from 5.74 × 10 −3 to nearly zero with temperature increasing from 283 to 470 K, the spontaneous linear magnetostrictive deformation λ c along the c-axis is larger than the spontaneous linear magnetostrictive deformation λ a in basal-plane in the same temperature below 350 K

Numerical modeling of Galfenol magnetostrictive response

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kholmetska, I.; Chleboun, J.; Krejčí, Pavel

2018-01-01

Roč. 319, 15 February (2018), s. 527-537 ISSN 0096-3003 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-12227S Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : magnetostriction * hysteresis * energy harvesting Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics OBOR OECD: Pure mathematics Impact factor: 1.738, year: 2016 http://www. science direct.com/ science /article/pii/S0096300317303648?via%3Dihub

Performance prediction for a magnetostrictive actuator using a simplified model

Science.gov (United States)

Yoo, Jin-Hyeong; Jones, Nicholas J.

2018-03-01

Iron-Gallium alloys (Galfenol) are promising transducer materials that combine high magnetostriction, desirable mechanical properties, high permeability, and a wide operational temperature range. Most of all, the material is capable of operating under tensile stress, and is relatively resistant to shock. These materials are generally characterized using a solid, cylindrically-shaped specimen under controlled compressive stress and magnetization conditions. Because the magnetostriction strongly depends on both the applied stress and magnetization, the characterization of the material is usually conducted under controlled conditions so each parameter is varied independently of the other. However, in a real application the applied stress and magnetization will not be maintained constant during operation. Even though the controlled characterization measurement gives insight into standard material properties, usage of this data in an application, while possible, is not straight forward. This study presents an engineering modeling methodology for magnetostrictive materials based on a piezo-electric governing equation. This model suggests phenomenological, nonlinear, three-dimensional functions for strain and magnetic flux density responses as functions of applied stress and magnetic field. Load line performances as a function of maximum magnetic field input were simulated based on the model. To verify the modeling performance, a polycrystalline magnetostrictive rod (Fe-Ga alloy, Galfenol) was characterized under compressive loads using a dead-weight test setup, with strain gages on the rod and a magnetic field driving coil around the sample. The magnetic flux density through the Galfenol rod was measured with a sensing coil; the compressive loads were measured using a load cell on the bottom of the Galfenol rod. The experimental results are compared with the simulation results using the suggested model, showing good agreement.

Magnetostriction in composites of LiFe5O8-BaTiO3

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sarah, P.; Suryanarayana, S.V.

2003-01-01

Polycrystalline lithium ferrite, LiFe 5 O 8 was prepared by adopting two preparation techniques, the solid-state double sintering method and the sol-gel method. This ferrite powder was thoroughly mixed with barium titanate, BaTiO 3 for preparation of di-phasic composites of lithium ferrite and barium titanate. X-ray diffraction study of these composites revealed the presence of both the phases. Magnetostriction of these composites was measured in varying magnetic fields. The value of magnetostriction for the composites prepared by the sol-gel method was found to be higher than the values obtained in case of composites prepared by the solid-state method. Magnetostriction was found to decrease with increasing content of barium titanate. The saturation field was found to increase with the introduction of barium titanate

CrAlN coating to enhance the power loss and magnetostriction in grain oriented electrical steel

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vishu Goel

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Grain oriented electrical steels (GOES are coated with aluminium orthophosphate on top of a forsterite (Mg2SiO4 layer to provide stress and insulation resistance to reduce the power loss and magnetostriction. In this work Chromium Aluminium Nitride (CrAlN was coated on GOES samples with electron beam physical vapour deposition and was tested in the single strip and magnetostriction tester to measure the power loss and magnetostriction before and after coating. Power loss was reduced by 2% after coating and 6 % post annealing at 800 °C. For applied compressive stress of 6 MPa, the magnetostrictive strain was zero with the CrAlN coating as compared to 22 and 24 μϵ for fully finished GOES and GOES without phosphate coating. The thickness of the coating was found to be 1.9 ± 0.2 μm estimated with Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES. The magnetic domain imaging showed domain narrowing after coating. The reduction in power loss and magnetostriction was due to the large residual compressive stress and Young’s modulus (270 GPa of the coating.

CrAlN coating to enhance the power loss and magnetostriction in grain oriented electrical steel

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Goel, Vishu; Anderson, Philip; Hall, Jeremy [Wolfson Centre for Magnetics, Cardiff University, Cardiff- CF243AA (United Kingdom); Robinson, Fiona [Cogent power Ltd., Newport-NP190RB (United Kingdom); Bohm, Siva [Dept. of metallurgical engineering & materials science, IIT Bombay, Mumbai-400076 (India)

2016-05-15

Grain oriented electrical steels (GOES) are coated with aluminium orthophosphate on top of a forsterite (Mg{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}) layer to provide stress and insulation resistance to reduce the power loss and magnetostriction. In this work Chromium Aluminium Nitride (CrAlN) was coated on GOES samples with electron beam physical vapour deposition and was tested in the single strip and magnetostriction tester to measure the power loss and magnetostriction before and after coating. Power loss was reduced by 2% after coating and 6 % post annealing at 800 °C. For applied compressive stress of 6 MPa, the magnetostrictive strain was zero with the CrAlN coating as compared to 22 and 24 μϵ for fully finished GOES and GOES without phosphate coating. The thickness of the coating was found to be 1.9 ± 0.2 μm estimated with Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). The magnetic domain imaging showed domain narrowing after coating. The reduction in power loss and magnetostriction was due to the large residual compressive stress and Young’s modulus (270 GPa) of the coating.

Comparison of a magnetostrictive and an EMAT guided wave technique for the long-range pipe inspection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jung Yong Moo; Kim, Sang Soo; Kim, Young Suk

2005-01-01

An EMAT sensor and a magnetostrictive sensor were developed for the long-range guided wave inspection of pipe. An array of EMAT were designed and fabricated for the generation and reception of torsional guided waves. Also a magnetostrictive sensor with a circumferentially magnetized Ni strip and coil for alternating magnetization were fabricated for torsional guided waves, T(0,1) mode. These two approaches were applied to the feeder pipe with various artificial notches. The advantages and limitations of the EMAT method and magnetostrictive method compared in the viewpoint of field application.

Equivalent circuit method research of resonant magnetoelectric characteristic in magnetoelectric laminate composites using nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Hao-Miao; Li, Chao; Xuan, Li-Ming; Zhao, Ji-Xiang; Wei, Jing

2011-01-01

This paper analyzes the magnetoelectric (ME) response around the resonance frequency in the magnetostrictive/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive (MPM) magnetoelectric laminate composites. Following the equivalent circuit method and considering the mechanical loss, we select the nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model to present a novel explicit nonlinear expression for the resonant magnetoelectric (ME) coefficient of the magnetoelectric laminate composites. Compared with the experimental results, the predicted resonant ME coefficient of the explicit expression shows a good agreement both qualitatively and quantitatively. Also, when the electromechanical coupling factor of the piezoelectric material, k 31 p , is small, this explicit expression can be reduced to the existing model. On this basis, this paper considers and predicts the magnetoelectric conversion characteristics of the magnetoelectric laminate composites, calculates and analyzes the influences of the thickness ratio of magnetostrictive layer and piezoelectric material, bias magnetic field, and saturation magnetostrictive coefficient on the resonant ME coefficient. This research can provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of magnetoelectric devices with good magnetoelectric conversion characteristics, such as magnetoelectric sensors, energy harvesting transducers, microwave devices etc

High Speed Magnetostrictive MEMS Actuated Mirror Deflectors, Phase II

Data.gov (United States)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The main goal of this proposal is to develop high speed magnetostrictive and MEMS actuators for rapidly deflecting or deforming mirrors. High speed, light-weight,...

Geometrical nonlinear deformation model and its experimental study on bimorph giant magnetostrictive thin film

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

Wei LIU; Zhenyuan JIA; Fuji WANG; Yongshun ZHANG; Dongming GUO

2008-01-01

The geometrical nonlinearity of a giant magne-tostrictive thin film (GMF) can be clearly detected under the magnetostriction effect. Thus, using geometrical linear elastic theory to describe the strain, stress, and constitutive relationship of GMF is inaccurate. According to nonlinear elastic theory, a nonlinear deformation model of the bimorph GMF is established based on assumptions that the magnetostriction effect is equivalent to the effect of body force loaded on the GMF. With Taylor series method, the numerical solution is deduced. Experiments on TbDyFe/Polyimide (PI)/SmFe and TbDyFe/Cu/SmFe are then conducted to verify the proposed model, respectively. Results indicate that the nonlinear deflection curve model is in good conformity with the experimental data.

Extreme conditions magnetostriction study of the Shastry-Sutherland sample SCBO

Science.gov (United States)

Grockowiak, Audrey; Wehinger, BjöRn; Coniglio, William; Ruegg, Chistian; Tozer, Stanley; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Team; Paul Scherrer Institute Collaboration

The Shasty-Sutherland model, which consists of a set of spin 1/2 dimers on a 2D square lattice, is simple and soluble but captures a central theme of condensed matter physics by sitting precariously on the quantum edge between isolated, gapped excitations and collective, ordered ground states. This model is realized in SrCu2(BO3)2. Recent x-ray diffraction data revealed a direct correlation of the lattice with magnetic susceptibility measurements at low temperatures. The variation of the lattice parameters with temperature is thus directly linked to the spin response of the system. Indeed, scattering intensities from the spin waves, measured by inelastic neutron scattering experiments, decay accordingly. The magnetic correlations can thus be monitored by the lattice parameters and are thus sensitive to magnetostriction. Ambient pressure magnetostriction up to 100.7 T show clear signatures related to the magnetization plateaus at 30, 40 and 80T. Together with total energy calculations these studies revealed a strong magneto elastic coupling driven by the super exchange angle CuOCu. Applying hydrostatic external pressure results in continuous and discontinuous quantum phase transitions. Zero field high pressure neutron spectroscopy measurements have revealed so far three phases : spin dimer from 0 to 2GPa, antiferromagnetic from 4 to 6 GPa, and a 4-spin plaquette singlet state was recently identified in the 2 to 4GPa region. We report here on high pressure (up to 2GPa), high magnetic field (up to 65T) and 3He temperature magnetostriction experiments, using FBGs. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Dilatometry permits to measure the magnetostriction of a sample in function of the response of an optical fiber to applied strain. This work was performed at the NHMFL, supported by the NSF Cooperative Agreement No. DMR-1157490 and the State of Florida, and the DOE NNSA DE-NA0001979 Grant.

Magnetostrictive clad steel plates for high-performance vibration energy harvesting

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Zhenjun; Nakajima, Kenya; Onodera, Ryuichi; Tayama, Tsuyoki; Chiba, Daiki; Narita, Fumio

2018-02-01

Energy harvesting technology is becoming increasingly important with the appearance of the Internet of things. In this study, a magnetostrictive clad steel plate for harvesting vibration energy was proposed. It comprises a cold-rolled FeCo alloy and cold-rolled steel joined together by thermal diffusion bonding. The performances of the magnetostrictive FeCo clad steel plate and conventional FeCo plate cantilevers were compared under bending vibration; the results indicated that the clad steel plate construct exhibits high voltage and power output compared to a single-plate construct. Finite element analysis of the cantilevers under bending provided insights into the magnetic features of a clad steel plate, which is crucial for its high performance. For comparison, the experimental results of a commercial piezoelectric bimorph cantilever were also reported. In addition, the cold-rolled FeCo and Ni alloys were joined by thermal diffusion bonding, which exhibited outstanding energy harvesting performance. The larger the plate volume, the more the energy generated. The results of this study indicated not only a promising application for the magnetostrictive FeCo clad steel plate as an efficient energy harvester, related to small vibrations, but also the notable feasibility for the formation of integrated units to support high-power trains, automobiles, and electric vehicles.

Enhanced magnetostriction derived from magnetic single domain structures in cluster-assembled SmCo films

Science.gov (United States)

Bai, Yulong; Yang, Bo; Guo, Fei; Lu, Qingshan; Zhao, Shifeng

2017-11-01

Cluster-assembled SmCo alloy films were prepared by low energy cluster beam deposition. The structure, magnetic domain, magnetization, and magnetostriction of the films were characterized. It is shown that the as-prepared films are assembled in compact and uniformly distributed spherical cluster nanoparticles, most of which, after vacuum in situ annealing at 700 K, aggregated to form cluster islands. These cluster islands result in transformations from superparamagnetic states to magnetic single domain (MSD) states in the films. Such MSD structures contribute to the enhanced magnetostrictive behaviors with a saturation magnetostrictive coefficient of 160 × 10-6 in comparison to 105 × 10-6 for the as-prepared films. This work demonstrates candidate materials that could be applied in nano-electro-mechanical systems, low power information storage, and weak magnetic detecting devices.

Fabrication of Tb{sub 0.3}Dy{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 2}/epoxy composites: Enhanced uniform magnetostrictive and mechanical properties using a dryprocess

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dong Xufeng, E-mail: dongxf@dlut.edu.c [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China); Qi Min [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China); Guan Xinchun [School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin (China); Ou Jinping [School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150090 Harbin (China); School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian (China)

2011-02-15

To improve the uniformity of the magnetostrictive properties of Terfenol-D composites along the field direction, a dry method is developed in the present study. We examined the compaction pressure, particle volume fraction, particle size and composite configuration as factors that affected the magnetostrictive properties of the composites. The experimental results indicated that the magnetostrictive properties were improved with the increase of compaction pressure and particle volume fraction. In addition, larger average particle size was shown to result in more pronounced magnetostrictive properties. The particle alignment due to the orientation field is beneficial for the promotion of the magnetostrictive properties. The largest saturation magnetostriction and the maximum piezo-magnetic coefficient in the absence of a mechanical preload was obtained at 1005 ppm and 4.08 nm/A, respectively, for the aligned composite including a particle volume fraction of 77% and an average particle size of 210 {mu}m. - Research Highlights: Magnetostrictive composites were usually fabricated using a wet process. Since the settlement of the particles in the liquid polymers frequently occurred, the properties of the composites were inhomogeneous. The dry process developed in the present study was proved effective to fabricate magnetostrictive composites with uniform properties. The largest saturation magnetostriction and the maximum piezo-magnetic coefficient in the absence of a mechanical preload was obtained at 1005 ppm and 4.08 nm/A.

Voltage induced magnetostrictive switching of nanomagnets: Strain assisted strain transfer torque random access memory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khan, Asif; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Ghani, Tahir; Young, Ian A.

2014-01-01

A spintronic device, called the “strain assisted spin transfer torque (STT) random access memory (RAM),” is proposed by combining the magnetostriction effect and the spin transfer torque effect which can result in a dramatic improvement in the energy dissipation relative to a conventional STT-RAM. Magnetization switching in the device which is a piezoelectric-ferromagnetic heterostructure via the combined magnetostriction and STT effect is simulated by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation incorporating the influence of thermal noise. The simulations show that, in such a device, each of these two mechanisms (magnetostriction and spin transfer torque) provides in a 90° rotation of the magnetization leading a deterministic 180° switching with a critical current significantly smaller than that required for spin torque alone. Such a scheme is an attractive option for writing magnetic RAM cells.

Voltage induced magnetostrictive switching of nanomagnets: Strain assisted strain transfer torque random access memory

Science.gov (United States)

Khan, Asif; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Ghani, Tahir; Young, Ian A.

2014-06-01

A spintronic device, called the "strain assisted spin transfer torque (STT) random access memory (RAM)," is proposed by combining the magnetostriction effect and the spin transfer torque effect which can result in a dramatic improvement in the energy dissipation relative to a conventional STT-RAM. Magnetization switching in the device which is a piezoelectric-ferromagnetic heterostructure via the combined magnetostriction and STT effect is simulated by solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation incorporating the influence of thermal noise. The simulations show that, in such a device, each of these two mechanisms (magnetostriction and spin transfer torque) provides in a 90° rotation of the magnetization leading a deterministic 180° switching with a critical current significantly smaller than that required for spin torque alone. Such a scheme is an attractive option for writing magnetic RAM cells.

An Anisotropic Model for Magnetostriction and Magnetization Computing for Noise Generation in Electric Devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Mbengue, Serigne Saliou; Buiron, Nicolas; Lanfranchi, Vincent

2016-04-16

During the manufacturing process and use of ferromagnetic sheets, operations such as rolling, cutting, and tightening induce anisotropy that changes the material's behavior. Consequently for more accuracy in magnetization and magnetostriction calculations in electric devices such as transformers, anisotropic effects should be considered. In the following sections, we give an overview of a macroscopic model which takes into account the magnetic and magnetoelastic anisotropy of the material for both magnetization and magnetostriction computing. Firstly, a comparison between the model results and measurements from a Single Sheet Tester (SST) and values will be shown. Secondly, the model is integrated in a finite elements code to predict magnetostrictive deformation of an in-house test bench which is a stack of 40 sheets glued together by the Vacuum-Pressure Impregnation (VPI) method. Measurements on the test bench and Finite Elements results are presented.

Magnetostrictive-piezoelectric magnetic sensor with current excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Prieto, J.L.; Aroca, C.; Lopez, E.; Sanchez, M.C.; Sanchez, P.

2000-01-01

A new working configuration for magnetostrictive-piezoelectric magnetic sensors is presented. In this configuration, the excitation is caused using an electrical current flowing through the ferromagnetic sample and the induced signal is sensed in the piezoelectric support as an electrical voltage. This new idea allows a magnetic field detection without any coil and opens a possibility for a future miniaturisation of the sensor

Coagulation sensors based on magnetostrictive delay lines for biomedical and chemical engineering applications

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Maliaritsi, E.; Zoumpoulakis, L.; Simitzis, J.; Vassiliou, P.; Hristoforou, E.

2006-01-01

Coagulation sensors based on the magnetostrictive delay line technique are presented in this paper. They are based on magnetostrictive ribbons and are used for measuring the coagulation, curing or solidification time of different liquids. Experimental results indicate that the presented sensing elements can determine the blood coagulation with remarkable repeatability, thus allowing their use as blood coagulation sensors. Additionally, results indicate that they can also measure curing time of resins, solidification of fluids and coagulation of chemical substances, therefore allowing their implementation in chemical engineering applications

Design and experimental study of a novel giant magnetostrictive actuator

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xue, Guangming, E-mail: yy0youxia@163.com [Vehicle and Electrical Engineering Department, Ordnance Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003 China (China); Zhang, Peilin; He, Zhongbo; Li, Dongwei; Huang, Yingjie [Vehicle and Electrical Engineering Department, Ordnance Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003 China (China); Xie, Wenqiang [Cadre Rotational Training Brigade, Ordnance Engineering College, Shijiazhuang, 050003 China (China)

2016-12-15

Giant magnetostrictive actuator has been widely used in precise driving occasions for its excellent performance. However, in driving a switching valve, especially the ball-valve in an electronic controlled injector, the actuator can’t exhibit its good performance for limits in output displacement and responding speed. A novel giant magnetostrictive actuator, which can reach its maximum displacement for being exerted with no bias magnetic field, is designed in this paper. Simultaneously, elongating of the giant magetostrictive material is converted to shortening of the actuator's axial dimension with the help of an output rod in “T” type. Furthermore, to save responding time, the driving voltage with high opening voltage while low holding voltage is designed. Responding time and output displacement are studied experimentally with the help of a measuring system. From measured results, designed driving voltage can improve the responding speed of actuator displacement quite effectively. And, giant magnetostrictive actuator can output various steady-state displacements to reach more driving effects. - Highlights: • GMA with zero bias magnetic field can reach maximum displacement in one direction. • Driving wave with high opening voltage can promote GMA's responding speed. • Higher opening voltage is exerted, less rise time is reached. • Continuous displacements from 0 to maximum value can be achieved by GMA.

Novel quantum criticality in CeRu2Si2 near absolute zero observed by thermal expansion and magnetostriction.

Science.gov (United States)

Yoshida, J; Abe, S; Takahashi, D; Segawa, Y; Komai, Y; Tsujii, H; Matsumoto, K; Suzuki, H; Onuki, Y

2008-12-19

We report linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements for CeRu2Si2 in magnetic fields up to 52.6 mT and at temperatures down to 1 mK. At high temperatures, this compound showed Landau-Fermi-liquid behavior: The linear thermal expansion coefficient and the magnetostriction coefficient were proportional to the temperature and magnetic field, respectively. In contrast, a pronounced non-Fermi-liquid effect was found below 50 mK. The negative contribution of thermal expansion and magnetostriction suggests the existence of an additional quantum critical point.

Compressive pre-stress effects on magnetostrictive behaviors of highly textured Galfenol and Alfenol thin sheets

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Julia R. Downing

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Fe-Ga (Galfenol and Fe-Al (Alfenol are rare-earth-free magnetostrictive alloys with mechanical robustness and strong magnetoelastic coupling. Since highly textured Galfenol and Alfenol thin sheets along orientations have been developed with magnetostrictive performances of ∼270 ppm and ∼160 ppm, respectively, they have been of great interest in sensor and energy harvesting applications. In this work, we investigate stress-dependent magnetostrictive behaviors in highly textured rolled sheets of NbC-added Fe80Al20 and Fe81Ga19 alloys with a single (011 grain coverage of ∼90%. A compact fixture was designed and used to introduce a uniform compressive pre-stress to those thin sheet samples along a [100] direction. As compressive pre-stress was increased to above 100 MPa, the maximum observed magnetostriction increased 42% in parallel magnetostriction along the stress direction, λ//, in highly textured (011 Fe81Ga19 thin sheets for a compressive pre-stress of 60 MPa. The same phenomena were observed for (011 Fe80Al20 (maximum increase of 88% with a 49 MPa compressive stress. This trend is shown to be consistent with published results on the effect of pre-stress on magnetostriction in rods of single crystal and textured polycrystalline Fe-Ga alloy of similar compositions, and single crystal data gathered using our experimental set up. Interestingly, the saturating field (Hs does not vary with pre-stresses, while the saturating field in rod-shaped samples of Fe-Ga increases with an increase of pre-stress. This suggests that for a range of compressive pre-stresses, thin sheet samples have larger values of d33 transduction coefficients and susceptibility than rod-shaped samples of similar alloy compositions, and hence they should provide performance benefits when used in sensor and actuator device applications. Thus, we discuss potential reasons for the unexpected trends in Hs with pre-stress, and present preliminary results from tests conducted

Modeling and Control for Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators with Rate-Dependent Hysteresis

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ping Liu

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The rate-dependent hysteresis in giant magnetostrictive materials is a major impediment to the application of such material in actuators. In this paper, a relevance vector machine (RVM model is proposed for describing the hysteresis nonlinearity under varying input current. It is possible to construct a unique dynamic model in a given rate range for a rate-dependent hysteresis system using the sinusoidal scanning signals as the training set input signal. Subsequently, a proportional integral derivative (PID control scheme combined with a feedforward compensation is implemented on a giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA for real-time precise trajectory tracking. Simulations and experiments both verify the effectiveness and the practicality of the proposed modeling and control methods.

Magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of RE-doped Cu-Co ferrite fabricated from spent lithium-ion batteries

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xi, Guoxi, E-mail: wlnfu107@126.com; Wang, Lu, E-mail: hnsdwl314@163.com; Zhao, Tingting

2017-02-15

Magnetostrictive Cu{sub 0.1}Co{sub 0.9}RE{sub x}Fe{sub 2-x}O{sub 4} (RE=Ho, Gd or Sm) was fabricated by a sol-gel auto-combustion technique using spent lithium-ion batteries as raw materials. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the spinel structure of the RE-incorporated samples with limited RE solubility. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed a layered structure composed of particles and the cation distribution. Magnetic hysteresis loops and magnetostriction strain curves showed that the saturation magnetization, magnetostriction coefficient and strain derivative were significantly modified due to the substitution of larger ionic radius RE{sup 3+} ions for Fe{sup 3+} ions, influencing the interaction between the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. - Highlights: • Magnetostrictive Cu{sub 0.1}Co{sub 0.9}RE{sub x}Fe{sub 2−x}O{sub 4} (RE=Ho, Gd or Sm, x=0.0–0.25) nanocomposites were fabricated via sol-gel auto-combustion route using spent lithium-ion batteries as raw materials. • The RE elements doping had limited solubility. • The saturation magnetization (M{sub s}) and maximum magnetostriction (λ{sub max}) were reduced and the lattice parameter (a) was increasing by increasing RE{sup 3+} substitution contents. • The relationship of maximum strain derivative (dλ/dH{sub max}) after the incorporation of RE was Ho>Gd>Sm.

The output characteristic of cantilever-like tactile sensor based on the inverse magnetostrictive effect

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lili Wan

2017-05-01

Full Text Available The output characteristic model of a magnetostrictive cantilever-like tactile sensor has been founded based on the inverse-magnetostrictive effect, the flexure mode, and the Jiles-Atherton model. The magnetostrictive sensor has been designed and an output voltage is analyzed under the conditions of bias magnetic field, contact pressure and deflection of cantilever beam. The experiment has been performed to determine the relation among the induced output voltage, bias magnetic field, and pressure. It is found that the peak of the induced output voltage increases with an increasing pressure under the bias magnetic field of 4.8kA/m. The experimental result agrees well with the theoretical one and it means that the model can describe the relation among the induced output voltage, bias magnetic field, and pressure. The sensor with a Galfenol sheet may hold potentials in sample characterization and deformation predication in artificial intelligence area.

Magnetostrictive properties of FeAl/polyester and FeAl/silicone composites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Riesgo, G. [Dpto. de Ciencias y Técnicas de la Navegación, Universidad de Oviedo, Campus universitario de Gijón, 33203 Gijón (Spain); Carrizo, J. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Elbaile, L., E-mail: elbaile@uniovi.es [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Crespo, R.D. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Sepúlveda, R. [Dpto. de Ingeniería Mecánica y de los Materiales, Universidad de Sevilla, Isla Cartuja, 41092 Sevilla (Spain); García, J.A. [Dpto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/ Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain)

2017-01-15

Highlights: • Nanocrystalline powders of FeAl have been obtained from the Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} ribbon produced by melt spinning. • The method allows the obtainment of a FeAl solid solution from the starting process. • The microstructure and magnetic properties of the powders were investigated. • Composites with a magnetostriction of 45 ppm have been obtained. - Abstract: Ribbons of composition Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} obtained by the melt spinning method have been used to yield powder by mechanical milling. Using this method, a rapid nanocrystallization and a FeAl solid solution phase was obtained from the start of the process. The microstructural and magnetic properties as well as the XRD patterns of the powders were studied in function of the milling time. Grain refinement and an increase of the coercive field were the main transformations resulting from increasing the milling time. Two sets of magnetostrictive composites were produced from the 100 h-milled powder. In one of them polyester was used as matrix and in the other one silicone. In the case of the silicone composites cured in a magnetic field of 140 mT in the longitudinal direction a saturation magnetostriction as high as 45 ppm was obtained.

Bidirectional current-voltage converters based on magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Jia, Y.; Or, S.W.; Chan, H.L.W.; Jiao, J.; Luo, H.; Van der Zwaag, S.

2009-01-01

We report a power supply-free, bidirectional electric current-voltage converter based on a coil-wound laminated composite of magnetostrictive alloy and piezoelectric crystal. An electric current applied to the coil induces a magnetic field, resulting in an electric voltage from the composite due to

Magnetostriction of Liquid Metals

Science.gov (United States)

Bhandia, Rishi; Cooley, Jason C.; Imhoff, Seth D.

The study of magnetic field-driven microstructural effects is in its infancy, but results have been promising. Previous work showed that these effects are easily observable in some systems, suggesting that magnetic fields could be used to control and engineer various micro-structural properties. The energy scales for crystallite rotation in the liquid and on the viscosity of the melt are known. However, the fundamental energy scale of the magnetic field interaction with the liquid and solid near the melting point is not. In this talk, we present magnetostriction data on liquid elements and alloys that will help us understand the energy scale of these processes and develop a theoretical understanding of solidification in magnetic fields.

Soft magnetism, magnetostriction, and microwave properties of FeGaB thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lou, J.; Insignares, R. E.; Cai, Z.; Ziemer, K. S.; Liu, M.; Sun, N. X.

2007-01-01

A series of (Fe 100-y Ga y ) 1-x B x (x=0-21 and y=9-17) films were deposited; their microstructure, soft magnetism, magnetostrictive behavior, and microwave properties were investigated. The addition of B changes the FeGaB films from polycrystalline to amorphous phase and leads to excellent magnetic softness with coercivity s , self-biased ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of 1.85 GHz, narrow FMR linewidth (X band) of 16-20 Oe, and a high saturation magnetostriction constant of 70 ppm. The combination of these properties makes the FeGaB films potential candidates for tunable magnetoelectric microwave devices and other rf/microwave magnetic device applications

Temperature dependence of the magnetostriction and the induced anisotropy in nanocrystalline FeCuNbSiB alloys, and their fluxgate properties

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Nielsen, Otto V; Petersen, Jan Raagaard

1994-01-01

Making use of the stress induced magnetic anisotropy in some iron-rich FeCuNbSiB nanocrystalline materials we studied the thermal dependence of their magnetostriction which becomes zero below the Curie temperature. The choice of a suitable composition and annealing temperature results in materials...... with zero magnetostriction at room temperature. Due to the low magnetostriction these materials have very promising fluxgate properties which were studied as well...

Frequency dependence of the magnetostrictive phenomenon in Metglas® 2605SA1 ribbon: A minor-loop case

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

S. U. Jen

2014-12-01

Full Text Available Frequency dependence of magnetostrictive phenomenon of as-cast 2605SA1 ribbon was studied. We applied a sinusoidal sweeping field (H, with a fixed frequency (f, along length (L of the ribbon, and simultaneously recorded the longitudinal magnetostriction (λ∥ and the transverse magnetostriction (λ⊥ as a function of time (t, respectively. f was varied from 0.07 to 122 Hz. In the low-f case (f =0.07 Hz, we observed the frequency-doubling (FD feature in λ∥(t and λ⊥(t curves; i.e., only even harmonic magnetostrictive signals showed up. In the high-f case (f = 122 Hz, we observed the no-frequency-doubling (NFD feature; i.e., both odd and even harmonic magnetostrictive signals showed up. A theory, based on the balance among various torques acting on magnetization, is developed to explain the f dependence of the magnetostriction phenomenon observed. From this theory, we conclude that only when the reflection symmetry of the system is reserved, i.e., when the equivalent easy axis (EEA is perpendicular to L, will λ∥(t and λ⊥(t have the true-frequency-doubling (TFD feature. However, for the as-cast 2605SA1 ribbon, EEA is not perpendicular to L. Thus, strictly speaking, we should observe the NFD feature only. Nevertheless, in the low-f limit, we can show that the FD feature is somewhat allowed under the condition, b/α being close to 1, where b and α are the two parameters used in the theory. From experimental data, this condition is met for as-cast 2605SA1. To make a distinction from TFD, this low-f feature is called close-frequency-doubling (CFD in this paper. In general, the theory explains all the experimental results fairly well.

Modelling and control of a nonlinear magnetostrictive actuator system

Science.gov (United States)

Ramli, M. H. M.; Majeed, A. P. P. Abdul; Anuar, M. A. M.; Mohamed, Z.

2018-04-01

This paper explores the implementation of a feedforward control method to a nonlinear control system, in particular, Magnetostrictive Actuators (MA) that has excellent properties of energy conversion between the mechanical and magnetic form through magnetostriction effects which could be used in actuating and sensing application. MA is known to exhibit hysteresis behaviour and it is rate dependent (the level of hysteresis depends closely on the rate of input excitation frequency). This is, nonetheless, an undesirable behaviour and has to be eliminated in realising high precision application. The MA is modelled by a phenomenological modelling approach via Prandtl-Ishlinskii (P-I) operator to characterise the hysteresis nonlinearities. A feedforward control strategy is designed and implemented to linearize and eliminate the hysteresis by model inversion. The results show that the P-I operator has the capability to model the hysteretic nonlinearity of MA with an acceptable accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme has demonstrated to be effective in providing superior trajectory tracking.

Magnetostriction measurement of a giant magnetoresistance film on a practical substrate covered by a shield layer

Science.gov (United States)

Okita, Kazuhiko; Ishiyama, Kazushi; Miura, Hideo

2012-04-01

Magnetostriction constant of a magnetic thin film is conventionally measured by detecting the deformation of a coupon sample that consists of the magnetic film deposited on a thin glass substrate (e.g., cover glass of size 10 mm × 25 mm) under an applied field using a laser beam [A. C. Tam and H. Schroeder, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 5422 (1988)]. This method, however, cannot be applied to films deposited on actual large-size substrates (wafers) with diameter from 3 to 6 in. or more. In a previous paper [Okita et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 200, 112008 (2010)], the authors presented a method for measuring magnetostriction of a magnetic thin film deposited on an actual substrate by detecting the change of magnetic anisotropy field, Hk, under mechanical bending of the substrate. It was validated that the method is very effective for measuring the magnetostriction constant of a free layer on the actual substrate. However, since a Ni-Fe shield layer usually covers a magnetic head used for a hard disk drive, this shield layer disturbs the effective measurement of R-H curve under minor loop. Therefore, a high magnetic field that can saturate the magnetic material in the shield layer should be applied to the head in order to measure the magnetostriction constant of a pinned layer under the shield layer. In this paper, this method was applied to the measurement of the magnetostriction constant of a pinned layer under the shield layer by using a high magnetic field up to 320 kA/m (4 kOe).

Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior in CeRu2Si2 at Ultralow Temperatures Studied by Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction

Science.gov (United States)

Inoue, Daiki; Takama, Hiroyuki; Kaidou, Daisuke; Minegishi, Mitsuyuki; Ueno, Keisuke; Matsumoto, Koichi; Abe, Satoshi; Murayama, Shigeyuki

2017-12-01

We report the linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the heavy-fermion compound CeRu2Si2 along its a- and c-axes at temperatures down to 10 mK and in magnetic fields up to 9 T using a high-precision capacitive dilatometer. From the magnetostriction measurements, a large anisotropy between values for the coefficient of magnetostriction along the a- and c-axes was found in the Landau-Fermi-liquid (LFL) state. Non-Fermi-liquid (NFL) behavior was observed for both the linear thermal expansion below 60 mK for all applied magnetic fields and the linear magnetostriction below 0.5 T and 300 mK. The results suggest the existence of an additional pressure-driven quantum critical point (QCP), and a crossover from the NFL state to the LFL state occurs in CeRu2Si2 at ambient pressure near the QCP.

Dynamic Magnetostriction of CoFe2 O4 and Its Role in Magnetoelectric Composites

Science.gov (United States)

Aubert, A.; Loyau, V.; Pascal, Y.; Mazaleyrat, F.; LoBue, M.

2018-04-01

Applications of magnetostrictive materials commonly involve the use of the dynamic deformation, i.e., the piezomagnetic effect. Usually, this effect is described by the strain derivative ∂λ /∂H , which is deduced from the quasistatic magnetostrictive curve. However, the strain derivative might not be accurate to describe dynamic deformation in semihard materials as cobalt ferrite (CFO). To highlight this issue, dynamic magnetostriction measurements of cobalt ferrite are performed and compared with the strain derivative. The experiment shows that measured piezomagnetic coefficients are much lower than the strain derivative. To point out the direct application of this effect, low-frequency magnetoelectric (ME) measurements are also conducted on bilayers CFO /Pb (Zr ,Ti )O3 . The experimental data are compared with calculated magnetoelectric coefficients which include a measured dynamic coefficient and result in very low relative error (measured for several amplitudes of the alternating field Hac, and a nonlinear response is revealed. Based on these results, a trilayer CFO/Pb (Zr ,Ti )O3 /CFO is made exhibiting a high magnetoelectric coefficient of 578 mV /A (approximately 460 mV /cm Oe ) in an ac field of 38.2 kA /m (about 48 mT) at low frequency, which is 3 times higher than the measured value at 0.8 kA /m (approximately 1 mT). We discuss the viability of using semihard materials like cobalt ferrite for dynamic magnetostrictive applications such as the magnetoelectric effect.

Bulk ultrasonic NDE of metallic components at high temperature using magnetostrictive transducers

Science.gov (United States)

Ashish, Antony Jacob; Rajagopal, Prabhu; Balasubramaniam, Krishnan; Kumar, Anish; Rao, B. Purnachandra; Jayakumar, Tammana

2017-02-01

Online ultrasonic NDE at high-temperature is of much interest to the power, process and automotive industries in view of possible savings in downtime. This paper describes a novel approach to developing ultrasonic transducers capable of high-temperature in-situ operation using the principle of magnetostriction. Preliminary design from previous research by the authors [1] is extended for operation at 1 MHz, and at elevated temperatures by amorphous metallic strips as the magnetostrictive core. Ultrasonic signals in pulse-echo mode are experimentally obtained from the ultrasonic transducer thus developed, in a simulated high-temperature environment of 350 °C for 10 hours. Advantages and challenges for practical deployment of this approach are discussed.

A theory of the inverse magnetoelectric effect in layered magnetostrictive-piezoelectric structures

Science.gov (United States)

Filippov, D. A.; Radchenko, G. S.; Firsova, T. O.; Galkina, T. A.

2017-05-01

A theory of the inverse magnetoelectric effect in layered structures has been presented. The theory is based on solving the equations of elastodynamics and electrostatics separately for the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases, taking into account the conditions at the interface between the phases. Expressions for the coefficient of inverse magnetoelectric conversion through the parameters characterizing the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases have been obtained. Theoretical dependences of the inverse magnetoelectric conversion coefficient on the frequency of the alternating-current electric field for the three-layer PZT-Ni-PZT structure and the two-layer terfenol- D-PZT structure have been calculated. The results of the calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data.

High-field magnetostriction in CeNiSn{sub 1-x}Ge{sub x} (0<=x<=1) strongly correlated systems

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Moral, A. del, E-mail: delmoral@unizar.e [Laboratorio de Magnetismo de Solidos, Departamento de Fisica de Materia Condensada and ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza and CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Fuente, C. de la [Laboratorio de Magnetismo de Solidos, Departamento de Fisica de Materia Condensada and ICMA, Universidad de Zaragoza and CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain)

2010-05-15

Magnetization (down to 1.8 K and up to 9 T) and magnetostriction (down to 4.2 K and up to 30 T) measurements have been performed in the series of polycrystalline intermetallics CeNiSn{sub 1-x}Ge{sub x} (0<=x<=1), which show a crossover from Kondo-lattice to fluctuating valence behaviors with x increase. Magnetostriction observed can be denominated as 'colossal' for a paramagnet (up to 0.68% at 150 K and 30 T), with no sign of saturation. Field, H, induced metamagnetic transitions associated to a change in Ce valence are observed. Three kinds of analysis of magnetostriction have been performed to ascertain the magnetostriction origin. At relatively low field and low temperatures these systems follow well the standard theory of magnetostriction (STM), revealing single-ion crystal field and exchange origins, and a determination of the alpha-symmetry microscopic magnetoelastic parameters have been performed. The valence transition is well explained in terms of the interconfigurational model, which needs an extension up to power H{sup 4}. Application of the scaling (thermodynamics corresponding low states) allows the obtainment of the Grueneisen constant, which increases with x. Needed elastic constants measurements are also reported.

Influence of aging and thermomechanical cycling on the magnetostriction and magnetic shape memory effect in martensitic alloy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

L’vov, Victor A; Kosogor, Anna; Barandiaran, Jose M; Chernenko, Volodymyr A

2015-01-01

An influence of internal stress created by the crystal defects on the magnetically induced reorientation (MIR) of martensite variants in the ferromagnetic shape memory alloy (FSMA) has been analyzed. Using the internal stress conception, a noticeable influence of the spatial reconfiguration of crystal defects on the ordinary magnetostriction of FSMA and magnetic shape memory (MSM) effect has been predicted. It has been shown that the defect reconfiguration, which stabilizes the martensitic phase during martensite aging, increases the shear elastic modulus. The increase of shear modulus reduces the magnetostriction value and in this way suppresses the MSM effect. The magneto-thermo-mechanical training of aged alloys destabilizes the martensitic phase, restores the initial magnetostriction value, and promotes the MSM effect. (paper)

Magnetostriction Increase of Polycrystalline Fe-Al-B Thin Sheets after Thermomechanical Process

Science.gov (United States)

Dias, M. B. S.; Fulop, G. O.; Baldan, C. A.; Bormio-Nunes, C.

2017-12-01

Magnetostrictive materials are applied in several types of sensors, actuators, and energy harvesting. In particular, for AC devices, thin materials are desired to reduce eddy current losses. It is well known that the magnetostriction of single crystals and textured materials is higher than in polycrystalline ones, however, the cost and manufacture speed are crucial to be used as parts of commercial devices. Therefore, polycrystalline samples are strong candidates for common applications. In this work, (Fe x Al100- x )98.4B1.6 ( x = 86.6, 82 and 79.4) alloys were rolled down to 0.7 mm of thickness and annealed at 1473 K (1200 °C) for 2 hours aiming to reduce the thickness of the samples without deteriorating the magnetic properties. The alloys, even with higher contents of Al, were easily deformed to the thickness of 0.7 mm and this ability is attributed to the presence of the Fe2B phase. After the thermomechanical process, new isotropic recrystallized grains emerged and the longitudinal magnetostriction increased to 75.8, 16.9, and 3.2 pct, achieving 28.3, 28.4, and 28.8 ppm, respectively, for x = 86.6, 82, and 79.4. The piezomagnetic coefficient obtained of 4 nm/A is a suitable actuating sensitivity.

Magnetostrictive patch sensor system for battery-less real-time measurement of torsional vibrations of rotating shafts

Science.gov (United States)

Lee, Jun Kyu; Seung, Hong Min; Park, Chung Il; Lee, Joo Kyung; Lim, Do Hyeong; Kim, Yoon Young

2018-02-01

Real-time uninterrupted measurement for torsional vibrations of rotating shafts is crucial for permanent health monitoring. So far, strain gauge systems with telemetry units have been used for real-time monitoring. However, they have a critical disadvantage in that shaft operations must be stopped intermittently to replace telemetry unit batteries. To find an alternative method to carry out battery-less real-time measurement for torsional vibrations of rotating shafts, a magnetostrictive patch sensor system was proposed in the present study. Since the proposed sensor does not use any powered telemetry system, no battery is needed and thus there is no need to stop rotating shafts for battery replacement. The proposed sensor consists of magnetostrictive patches and small magnets tightly bonded onto a shaft. A solenoid coil is placed around the shaft to convert magnetostrictive patch deformation by shaft torsional vibration into electric voltage output. For sensor design and characterization, investigations were performed in a laboratory on relatively small-sized stationary solid shaft. A magnetostrictive patch sensor system was then designed and installed on a large rotating propulsion shaft of an LPG carrier ship in operation. Vibration signals were measured using the proposed sensor system and compared to those measured with a telemetry unit-equipped strain gauge system.

Bulk Shear-Wave Transduction Experiments Using Magnetostrictive Transducers with a Thin Fe-Co Alloy Patch

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Park, Jae Ha; Cho, Seung Hyun; Ahn, Bong Young; Kwon, Hyu Sang [Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2010-08-15

Recently, the results of many studies have clarified the successful performance of magnetostrictive transducers in which a ferromagnetic patch is used for the transduction of guided shear waves; this is because a thin ferromagnetic patch with strong magnetostriction is very useful for generating and detecting shear wave. This investigation deals with bulk shear wave transduction by means of magnetostriction; on the other hand, the existing studies have been focused on guided shear waves. A modular transducer was developed: this transducer comprised a coil, magnets, and a thin ferromagnetic patch that was made of Fe-Co alloy. Some experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the developed transducer. Radiation directivity pattern of the developed transducer was obtained, and a test to detect the damage on a side drill hole of a steel block specimen was carried out. From the results of these tests, the good performance of the transducer for nondestructive testing was verified on the basis of the signal-to-noise ratio and narrow beam directivity.

Optical fiber magnetic field sensors with TbDyFe magnetostrictive thin films as sensing materials.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Minghong; Dai, Jixiang; Zhou, Ciming; Jiang, Desheng

2009-11-09

Different from usually-used bulk magnetostrictive materials, magnetostrictive TbDyFe thin films were firstly proposed as sensing materials for fiber-optic magnetic field sensing characterization. By magnetron sputtering process, TbDyFe thin films were deposited on etched side circle of a fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) as sensing element. There exists more than 45pm change of FBG wavelength when magnet field increase up to 50 mT. The response to magnetic field is reversible, and could be applicable for magnetic and current sensing.

Microfabrication of magnetostrictive beams based on NiFe film doped with B and Mo for integrated sensor systems

KAUST Repository

Alfadhel, Ahmed

2012-03-09

This paper reports the development of integrated micro-sensors consisting of 1 -µm-thick magnetostrictive cantilevers or bridges with 500 µm in length and conducting interrogation elements. The thin films are fabricated by sputter deposition of NiFe doped with B and Mo, and the magnetic properties are enhanced by field annealing, resulting in a coercivity of 2.4 Oe. In operation, an alternating current applied to the interrogation elements magnetizes the magnetostrictive structures. The longitudinal resonant frequency is detected as an impedance change of the interrogation elements. The magnetostrictive micro-beams provide high resonant frequencies—2.95 MHz for the cantilever and 5.46 MHz for the bridge—which can be exploited to develop sensors of high sensitivity.

Synchrotron Diffraction Studies of Spontaneous Magnetostriction in Rare Earth Transition Metal Compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ning Yang

2004-01-01

Thermal expansion anomalies of R 2 Fe 14 B and R 2 Fe 17 C x (x = 0,2) (R Y, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er) stoichiometric compounds are studied with high-energy synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction using Debye-Schemer geometry in temperature range 10K to 1000K. Large spontaneous magnetostriction up to their Curie temperatures (T c ) is observed. The a-axes show relatively larger invar effects than c-axes in the R 2 Fe 14 B compounds whereas the R 2 Fe 17 C x show the contrary anisotropies. The iron sub-lattice is shown to dominate the spontaneous magnetostriction of the compounds. The contribution of the rare earth sublattice is roughly proportional to the spin magnetic moment of the rare earth in the R 2 Fe 14 B compounds but in R 2 Fe 17 C x , the rare earth sub-lattice contribution appears more likely to be dominated by the local bonding. The calculation of spontaneous magnetostrain of bonds shows that the bonds associated with Fe(j2) sites in R 2 Fe 14 B and the dumbbell sites in R 2 Fe 17 C x have larger values, which is strongly related to their largest magnetic moment and Wigner-Seitz atomic cell volume. The roles of the carbon atoms in increasing the Curie temperatures of the R 2 Fe 17 compounds are attributed to the increased separation of Fe hexagons. The R 2 Fe 17 and R 2 Fe 14 B phases with magnetic rare earth ions also show anisotropies of thermal expansion above T c . For R 2 Fe 17 and R 2 Fe 14 B the a a /a c > 1 whereas the anisotropy is reversed with the interstitial carbon in R 2 Fe 17 . The average bond magnetostrain is shown to be a possible predictor of the magnetic moment of Fe sites in the compounds. Both of the theoretical and phenomenological models on spontaneous magnetostriction are discussed and a Landau model on the spontaneous magnetostriction is proposed

Dynamically tuned magnetostrictive spring with electrically controlled stiffness

Science.gov (United States)

Scheidler, Justin J.; Asnani, Vivake M.; Dapino, Marcelo J.

2016-03-01

This paper presents the design and testing of an electrically controllable magnetostrictive spring that has a dynamically tunable stiffness (i.e., a magnetostrictive Varispring). The device enables in situ stiffness tuning or stiffness switching for vibration control applications. Using a nonlinear electromechanical transducer model and an analytical solution of linear, mechanically induced magnetic diffusion, Terfenol-D is shown to have a faster rise time to stepped voltage inputs and a significantly higher magnetic diffusion cut-off frequency relative to Galfenol. A Varispring is manufactured using a laminated Terfenol-D rod. Further rise time reductions are achieved by minimizing the rod’s diameter and winding the electromagnet with larger wire. Dynamic tuning of the Varispring’s stiffness is investigated by measuring the Terfenol-D rod’s strain response to dynamic, compressive, axial forces in the presence of sinusoidal or square wave control currents. The Varispring’s rise time is \\lt 1 ms for 1 A current switches. Continuous modulus changes up to 21.9 GPa and 500 Hz and square wave modulus changes (dynamic {{Δ }}E effect) up to 12.3 GPa and 100 Hz are observed. Stiffness tunability and tuning bandwidth can be considerably increased by operating about a more optimal bias stress and improving the control of the electrical input.

Magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction in nanocrystalline Fe–Al alloys obtained by melt spinning technique

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

García, J.A.; Carrizo, J. [Depto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Elbaile, L., E-mail: elbaile@uniovi.es [Depto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Lago-Cachón, D.; Rivas, M. [Depto. de Física de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/Calvo Sotelo s/n, 33007 Oviedo (Spain); Castrillo, D. [Depto. de Ciencias de los Materiales de la Universidad de Oviedo, c/Independencia, 33004 Oviedo (Spain); Pierna, A.R. [Depto. de Ingeniería Química y Medio Ambiente, EUPSS, UPV/EHU, San Sebastián (Spain)

2014-12-15

A study about the magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction in ribbons of composition Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} and Fe{sub 70}Al{sub 30} obtained by the melt spinning technique is presented. The hysteresis loops indicate that the easy magnetization direction lies in both cases on the plane of the ribbon. Torque magnetometry measurements show that the in-plane magnetic anisotropy constant results 10100 J m{sup −3} and 490 J m{sup −3} for the Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} and Fe{sub 70}Al{sub 30} respectively. After a thermal treatment of 2 h at 473 K to remove the residual stresses, the in-plane magnetic anisotropy constants falls down to 2500 J m{sup −3} in the first composition and remains the same in the second one, while the easy direction remains the same. Measurements of the magnetostriction and the residual stresses of both ribbons allow us to explain the above mentioned results about the magnetic anisotropy and to conclude that the residual stresses via magnetostriction are the main source of magnetic anisotropy in the case of Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} ribbon but they do not influence this property in the ribbon of composition Fe{sub 70}Al{sub 30}. - Highlights: • The origin of magnetic anisotropy of Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} and Fe{sub 70}Al{sub 30} ribbons has been studied. • The magnetic anisotropy lies in the plane of the ribbons. • A huge difference in magnetic anisotropy between two ribbons has been observed. • Magnetostriction and residual stresses explain the magnetic anisotropy in Fe{sub 81}Al{sub 19} ribbon.

Analysis of an operator-differential model for magnetostrictive energy harvesting

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Davino, D.; Krejčí, Pavel; Pimenov, A.; Rachinskii, D.; Visone, C.

2016-01-01

Roč. 39, October (2016), s. 504-519 ISSN 1007-5704 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA15-12227S Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : magnetostrictive materials * hysteresis * energy harvesting Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 2.784, year: 2016 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S100757041630106X

Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction Measurements at Cryogenic Temperature Using the Strain Gauge Method.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Wei; Liu, Huiming; Huang, Rongjin; Zhao, Yuqiang; Huang, Chuangjun; Guo, Shibin; Shan, Yi; Li, Laifeng

2018-01-01

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction, the strain responses of a material to temperature and a magnetic field, especially properties at low temperature, are extremely useful to study electronic and phononic properties, phase transitions, quantum criticality, and other interesting phenomena in cryogenic engineering and materials science. However, traditional dilatometers cannot provide magnetic field and ultra-low temperature (thermal expansion and magnetostriction at cryogenic temperature using the strain gauge method based on a Physical Properties Measurements System (PPMS). The interfacing software and automation were developed using LabVIEW. The sample temperature range can be tuned continuously between 1.8 and 400 K. With this PPMS-aided measuring system, we can observe temperature and magnetic field dependence of the linear thermal expansion of different solid materials easily and accurately.

The stress components effect on the Fe-based microwires magnetostatic and magnetostrictive properties

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Rodionova, V. [Institute of Physics & Technology and STP “Fabrika” Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo 14, Kaliningrad 236041 (Russian Federation); National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”, Leninsky prospect 4, Moscow 119049 (Russian Federation); Baraban, I.; Chichay, K.; Litvinova, A. [Institute of Physics & Technology and STP “Fabrika” Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo 14, Kaliningrad 236041 (Russian Federation); Perov, N. [Institute of Physics & Technology and STP “Fabrika” Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo 14, Kaliningrad 236041 (Russian Federation); Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991 (Russian Federation)

2017-01-15

For glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic Fe-based microwires both joint and separate effect of metallic nucleus diameter, d, and the ratio of metallic nucleus diameter to the total diameter of microwire in glass shell, d/D, on magnetic properties is investigated. Thereby the contribution of both shell-induced stresses, associated with the ratio of diameters, and internal nucleus stresses (residual, quenching), associated with the diameter of the nucleus are estimated. A strong and non-monotonic effect of the metallic nucleus diameter and metallic nucleus diameter/total microwire diameter ratio on magnetostatic and magnetostrictive properties was established. For analysis, we considered magnetically bi-stable microwires of “classic” Fe{sub 77.5}Si{sub 7.5}B{sub 15} alloy with positive magnetostriction coefficient.

The stress components effect on the Fe-based microwires magnetostatic and magnetostrictive properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rodionova, V.; Baraban, I.; Chichay, K.; Litvinova, A.; Perov, N.

2017-01-01

For glass-coated amorphous ferromagnetic Fe-based microwires both joint and separate effect of metallic nucleus diameter, d, and the ratio of metallic nucleus diameter to the total diameter of microwire in glass shell, d/D, on magnetic properties is investigated. Thereby the contribution of both shell-induced stresses, associated with the ratio of diameters, and internal nucleus stresses (residual, quenching), associated with the diameter of the nucleus are estimated. A strong and non-monotonic effect of the metallic nucleus diameter and metallic nucleus diameter/total microwire diameter ratio on magnetostatic and magnetostrictive properties was established. For analysis, we considered magnetically bi-stable microwires of “classic” Fe_7_7_._5Si_7_._5B_1_5 alloy with positive magnetostriction coefficient.

Synthesis of cobalt ferrite with enhanced magnetostriction properties by the sol−gel−hydrothermal route using spent Li-ion battery

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yao, Lu; Xi, Yuebin; Xi, Guoxi; Feng, Yong

2016-01-01

The combination of a sol–gel method and a hydrothermal method was successfully used for synthesizing the nano-crystalline cobalt ferrite powders with a spinel structure using spent Li-ion batteries as the raw materials. The phase composition, microstructure, magnetic properties and magnetostriction coefficient of cobalt ferrite were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), magnetometer and magnetostrictive measurement instrument. The microstructure of the products exhibited hedgehog-like microspheres with particle size of approximately 5 μm. The different crystalline sizes and the microstructure of cobalt ferrites precursor were controlled by varying the hydrothermal time, which significantly affected the super-exchange and the deflection direction of the magnetic domain, and led to the change of the magnetic properties of sintered cylindrical samples. The saturation magnetization and maximum magnetostriction coefficient were 81.7 emu/g and −158.5 ppm, respectively, which was larger than that of products prepared by the sol-gel sintered method alone. - Graphical abstract: The magnetostriction of cobalt ferrites with a spinel structure was successfully prepared using the sol–gel–hydrothermal route using spent Li-ion batteries. On the basis of the aforementioned SEM observation, the formation of a hedgehog-like microsphere structure might involve two important steps: Ostwald ripening and self-assembly. - Highlights: • The cobalt ferrites were prepared by the sol–gel–hydrothermal route. • The cobalt ferrites show hedgehog-like microsphere particles in shape. • The microspheres size increased with increasing hydrothermal time. • The magnetostriction properties of the cobalt ferrite were enhanced.

Nonlinear Modeling and Characterization of the Villari Effect and Model-guided Development of Magnetostrictive Energy Harvesters and Dampers

Science.gov (United States)

Deng, Zhangxian

The Villari effect, through which mechanical energy is transferred to magnetic energy in magnetostrictive materials can be utilized in energy harvester and damper designs. Significant research has been conducted on two magnetostrictive materials, Terfenol-D (TbxDy1-xFe2.0, x ≈ 0.3) and Galfenol (Fe1-xGax, 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.3), due to their high magnetomechanical coupling. Both materials have strengths and weaknesses. Terfenol-D exhibits low eddy current loss, but it is brittle and difficult to machine. Terfenol-D also provides higher magnetostriction while requiring a large magnetic field. On the other hand, Galfenol is mechanically robust, and thus can be machined, welded, and formed into complex geometries. However, due to its severe eddy current effect, lamination is necessary in high frequency applications. This work first characterized the Villari effect of Galfenol in terms of the piezo-magnetic constant d33* and hysteresis loss. The stress-flux density loops of oriented, polycrystalline Fe18.4Ga81.6 Galfenol were measured at quasi-static and dynamic regimes (up to 800 Hz). Advanced modeling tools are necessary for magnetostrictive device development. On the material level, this work proposed a dynamic, discrete energy-averaged (DEA) model incorporating time-dependent volume fractions into the static DEA framework. This dynamic DEA model took eddy current loss, mechanical loss, and pinning site loss into account and accurately simulated the measured Villari effect up to 600 Hz. On the system level, this work integrated a hysteresis static DEA model with a 3D finite element (FE) framework, and accurately modeled stress-flux density minor loops in a quasi-static state. Based on the assumption that the magnetostriction and magnetization are uniaxial, this work also proposed an efficient 2D FE framework describing nonlinear magnetostrictive responses via interpolation functions. This enhanced knowledge of the Villari effect facilitates magnetostrictive vibration

Effect of doping rare earths on magnetostriction characteristics of CoFe2O4 prepared from spent Li-ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Xi, Guoxi; Zhao, Tingting; Wang, Lu; Dun, Changwei; Zhang, Ye

2018-04-01

Recovering spent Li-ion batteries is beneficial to the economy and environment. Therefore, this study synthesized nanoparticles of cobalt ferrite doped with different rare earth ions (Nd, Ce, and Pr) by a sol-gel auto-combustion method using spent Li-ion batteries. The effect of the different doping elements on grain sizes, structure, magnetic and magnetostrictive properties, and strain derivative were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning election microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and a magnetostrictive coefficient measuring system. Substitution of a small amount of Fe3+ with RE3+ in CoRExFe2-xO4 (x = 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1) had a large effect on magnetostrictive properties and strain derivative, which was improved compared with pure cobalt ferrite at low magnetic field. The maximum strain derivative (dλ/dH = -1.49 × 10-9 A-1 m at 18 kA m-1) was obtained for Nd, x = 0.05. Changes in the magnetostriction coefficients and strain derivatives were correlated with changes in cation distribution, microstructure, and magnetic anisotropy, which depended strongly on RE3+ substitution and distribution in the spinel structure.

First principles study on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe–Ga magnetostrictive alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lei, Zheng; Cheng-Bao, Jiang; Jia-Xiang, Shang; Hui-Bin, Xu

2009-01-01

This paper investigates the electronic structure and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive material by means of the full potential-linearized augmented plane-wave method within the generalized gradient approximation. The 3d-orbit splitting of Fe atoms in D0 3 , B2-like and L1 2 crystalline structures of Fe–Ga is calculated with consideration of the crystal field as well as the spin–orbit coupling effect. Because of the frozen orbital angular momenta of the 3d-orbit for Fe atoms in Fe–Ga magnetostrictive alloys and the spin–orbit coupling, the distribution of the electron cloud is not isotropic, which leads to the anisotropy of exchange interaction between the different atoms. A method on estimating the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe–Ga alloys by means of calculating orbit-projected density of states for Fe atoms is performed. The anisotropic distribution of the electron cloud of Fe atoms in these three crystalline structures of Fe–Ga is studied based on the above method showing the highest magnetic anisotropy for B2-like structure. This qualitative method comes closer to physical reality with a vivid physical view, which can evaluate the anisotropy of electron cloud for 3d transition atoms directly. The calculated results are in good agreement with both the previous theoretical computation and the tested value on the magnetic anisotropy constant, which confirms that the electron cloud anisotropy of Fe atoms could well characterize the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe–Ga magnetostrictive material. (condensed matter: electronic structure, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties)

Interface influence on the properties of Co{sub 90}Fe{sub 10} films on soft magnetic underlayers – Magnetostrictive and Mössbauer spectrometry studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Szumiata, Tadeusz, E-mail: t.szumiata@uthrad.pl [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 54 Krasickiego Street, 26-600 Radom (Poland); Gzik-Szumiata, Małgorzata; Brzózka, Katarzyna; Górka, Bogumił; Gawroński, Michał [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 54 Krasickiego Street, 26-600 Radom (Poland); Caruana Finkel, Anastasia; Reeves-McLaren, Nik; Morley, Nicola A. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD (United Kingdom)

2016-03-01

The main aim of the work was to show the correlation between magnetostrictive properties and microstructure of 25 nm thick Co{sub 90}Fe{sub 10} films deposited on soft magnetic underlayers. A special attention was paid to the role of the interface region. In the case of Co{sub 90}Fe{sub 10} on 25 nm and 35 nm thick METGLAS underlayers one can resolve in conversion electron Mössbauer spectra two hyperfine field distributions (high-field and medium-field ones) corresponding to both constituents of bilayers. Analogical distributions describe the spectra of Co{sub 90}Fe{sub 10} on 25 nm and 35 nm thick Ni{sub 81}Fe{sub 19} underlayers, however an additional low-field, smeared component has been observed. It has been attributed to the interface layer (of partially disordered structure) between magnetostrictive layer and soft magnetic layer. Such interpretation is backed up by the obtained strong correlation between mean hyperfine field value and magnetostriction constant of the films. The investigated bilayers are good candidates for MRAM devices. - Highlights: • We investigate Co–Fe thin films on the soft magnetic underlayers. • We measured magnetostriction and collected conversion electron Mössbauer spectra. • In the case of Permalloy underlayer a rapid drop of magnetostriction was observed. • Strong correlation between magnetostriction and hyperfine fields was shown. • Our results point to the essential role of the Co–Fe/underlayer interface.

Construction of a magnetostrictive hysteresis operator using a tripod-like primitive hopfield neural network

Science.gov (United States)

Adly, A. A.; Abd-El-Hafiz, S. K.

2018-05-01

It is well known that accurate modeling of magnetostrictive hysteresis is crucial to different industrial applications. Although several magnetostrictive models have been developed in the past, the accuracy-efficiency balance has always been crucial. Recently, the possibility of constructing a primitive vector hysteresis operator using a tri-node Hopfield Neural Network (HNN) was demonstrated. Based upon the fact that mechanical stress along a certain direction results in dimensional deformation, this paper introduces a novel extension to the aforementioned recently developed approach. More specifically, a stress-driven evolution of a tri-node HNN hysteresis operator pair is proposed, thus yielding a tripod-like HNN pair having different input offset values. Model identification, sample simulation results and comparison with experimental measurements are given in the paper.

Development of phage/antibody immobilized magnetostrictive biosensors

Science.gov (United States)

Fu, Liling

There is an urgent need for biosensors that are able to detect and quantify the presence of a small amount of pathogens in a real-time manner accurately and quickly to guide prevention efforts and assay food and water quality. Acoustic wave (AW) devices, whose performance is defined by mass sensitivity (Sm) and quality factor (Q value), have been extensively studied as high performance biosensor platforms. However, current AW devices still face some challenges such as the difficulty to be employed in liquid and low Q value in practical applications. The objective of this research is to develop magnetostrictive sensors which include milli/microcantilever type (MSMC) and particle type (MSP). Compared to other AW devices, MSMC exhibits the following advantages: (1) wireless/remote driving and sensing; (2) easy to fabricate; (3) works well in liquid; (4) exhibits a high Q value (> 500 in air). The fundamental study of the damping effect on MSMCs from the surrounding media including air and liquids were conducted to improve the Q value of MSMCs. The experiment results show that the Q value is dependent on the properties of surrounding media (e.g. viscosity, density), the geometry of the MSMCs, and the harmonic mode on the resonance behavior of MSMCs, etc. The phage-coated MSMC has high specificity and sensitivity even while used in water with a low concentration of targeted bacteria. Two currently developed phages, JRB7 and E2, respectively respond to Bacillus anthracis spores and Salmonella typhimurium, were employed as bio-recognition elements in this research. The phage-immobilized MSMC biosensors exhibited high performance and detection of limit was 5 x 104 cfu/ml for the MSMC in size of 1.4 x 0.8 x 0.035 mm. The MSMC-based biosensors were indicated as a very potential method for in-situ monitoring of the biological quality in water. The MSP combine antibody was used to detect Staphylococcus aureus in this experiment. The interface between MSPs and antibody was

Two-dimensional numerical simulation of acoustic wave phase conjugation in magnetostrictive elastic media

Science.gov (United States)

Voinovich, Peter; Merlen, Alain

2005-12-01

The effect of parametric wave phase conjugation (WPC) in application to ultrasound or acoustic waves in magnetostrictive solids has been addressed numerically by Ben Khelil et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 109, 75-83 (2001)] using 1-D unsteady formulation. Here the numerical method presented by Voinovich et al. [Shock waves 13(3), 221-230 (2003)] extends the analysis to the 2-D effects. The employed model describes universally elastic solids and liquids. A source term similar to Ben Khelil et al.'s accounts for the coupling between deformation and magnetostriction due to external periodic magnetic field. The compatibility between the isotropic constitutive law of the medium and the model of magnetostriction has been considered. Supplementary to the 1-D simulations, the present model involves longitudinal/transversal mode conversion at the sample boundaries and separate magnetic field coupling with dilatation and shear stress. The influence of those factors in a 2-D geometry on the potential output of a magneto-elastic wave phase conjugator is analyzed in this paper. The process under study includes propagation of a wave burst of a given frequency from a point source in a liquid into the active solid, amplification of the waves due to parametric resonance, and formation of time-reversed waves, their radiation into liquid, and focusing. The considered subject is particularly important for ultrasonic applications in acoustic imaging, nondestructive testing, or medical diagnostics and therapy.

Microstructural, magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95 prepared by solidification in a high magnetic field

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Tie; Liu Yin; Wang Qiang; Gao Pengfei; He Jicheng; Iwai, Kazuhiko

2013-01-01

The microstructure evolution and magnetization and magnetostriction properties of Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 1.95 alloy solidified in a high magnetic field were investigated. A cellular microstructure was produced, with the grains highly aligned along the direction of the magnetic field. The (Tb,Dy)Fe 2 phase was highly oriented, with its 〈1 1 1〉 axis along the magnetic field direction. The easy magnetization direction of the alloy lay along the magnetic field direction. The magnetostriction at room temperature significantly increased to double that of the sample prepared without high magnetic field; in addition, a sharp rise in the initial magnetostriction at low fields was observed. Applying a high magnetic field during the solidification process is proposed as an effective route for fabricating 〈1 1 1〉 oriented Tb–Dy–Fe compounds, and improving their magnetic and magnetostrictive properties. (paper)

Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction Measurements at Cryogenic Temperature Using the Strain Gauge Method

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Wei Wang

2018-03-01

Full Text Available Thermal expansion and magnetostriction, the strain responses of a material to temperature and a magnetic field, especially properties at low temperature, are extremely useful to study electronic and phononic properties, phase transitions, quantum criticality, and other interesting phenomena in cryogenic engineering and materials science. However, traditional dilatometers cannot provide magnetic field and ultra-low temperature (<77 K environment easily. This paper describes the design and test results of thermal expansion and magnetostriction at cryogenic temperature using the strain gauge method based on a Physical Properties Measurements System (PPMS. The interfacing software and automation were developed using LabVIEW. The sample temperature range can be tuned continuously between 1.8 and 400 K. With this PPMS-aided measuring system, we can observe temperature and magnetic field dependence of the linear thermal expansion of different solid materials easily and accurately.

Micromechanics approach to the magnetoelectric properties of laminate and fibrous piezoelectric/magnetostrictive composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huang Haitao; Zhou, L.M.

2004-01-01

We use a micromechanics approach to study the magnetoelectric (ME) properties of the piezoelectric/magnetostrictive composite with a 2-2 laminate structure and a 3-1 fibrous structure. It is found that the 3-1 composite has a higher ME coefficient than the 2-2 one, if the volume ratio of piezoelectric material is the same. The reason is that the 3-1 fibrous composite makes use of the longitudinal piezoelectric response and the piezoelectric voltage constant g 33 is 2-3 times that of g 31 . Generally, a smaller volume ratio of the piezoelectric material will generate a higher ME response. The tensile stress at the piezoelectric/magnetostrictive interface of the 3-1 fibrous composite, however, could be high enough to induce plastic deformation or microcracks, which leads to a ME coefficient lower than the theoretically predicted one

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements at cryogenic temperature using the strain gage method

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Wei; Liu, Huiming; Huang, Rongjin; Zhao, Yuqiang; Huang, Chuangjun; Guo, Shibin; Shan, Yi; Li, Laifeng

2018-03-01

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction, the strain responses of a material to temperature and a magnetic field, especially properties at low temperature, are extremely useful to study electronic and phononic properties, phase transitions, quantum criticality, and other interesting phenomena in cryogenic engineering and materials science. However, traditional dilatometers cannot provide magnetic field and ultra low temperature (＜77 K) environment easily. This paper describes the design and test results of thermal expansion and magnetostriction at cryogenic temperature using the strain gage method based on a Physical Properties Measurements System (PPMS). The interfacing software and automation were developed using LabVIEW. The sample temperature range can be tuned continuously between 1.8 K and 400 K. With this PPMS-aided measuring system, we can observe temperature and magnetic field dependence of the linear thermal expansion of different solid materials easily and accurately.

Giant magnetostriction effect near onset of spin reorientation in MnBi

Science.gov (United States)

Choi, Y.; Ryan, P. J.; McGuire, M. A.; Sales, B. C.; Kim, J.-W.

2018-05-01

In materials undergoing spontaneous symmetry breaking transitions, the emergence of multiple competing order parameters is pervasive. Employing in-field x-ray diffraction, we investigate the temperature and magnetic field dependence of the crystallographic structure of MnBi, elucidating the microscopic interplay between lattices and spin. The hexagonal phase of MnBi undergoes a spin reorientation transition (TSR), whereby the easy axis direction changes from the c axis to the basal plane. Across TSR, an abrupt symmetry change is accompanied by a clear sign change in the magnetostrictive coefficient, revealing that this transition corresponds to the onset of the spin reorientation. In the vicinity of TSR, a significantly larger in-plane magnetostrictive effect is observed, presenting the emergence of an intermediate phase that is highly susceptible to an applied magnetic field. X-ray linear dichroism shows that asymmetric Bi and Mn p orbitals do not play a role in the spin reorientation. This work suggests that the spin reorientation is caused by structural modification rather than changes in the local electronic configuration, providing a strategy for manipulating the magnetic anisotropy by external strain.

Development of an omni-directional shear horizontal mode magnetostrictive patch transducer

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Zenghua; Hu, Yanan; Xie, Muwen; Fan, Junwei; He, Cunfu; Wu, Bin

2018-04-01

The fundamental shear horizontal wave, SH0 mode, has great potential in defect detection and on-line monitoring with large scale and high efficiency in plate-like structures because of its non-dispersive characteristics. Aiming at consistently exciting single SH0 mode in plate-like structures, an omni-directional shear horizontal mode magnetostrictive patch transducer (OSHM-MPT) is developed on the basis of magnetostrictive effect. It consists of four fan-shaped array elements and corresponding plane solenoid array (PSA) coils, four fan-shaped permanent magnets and a circular nickel patch. The experimental results verify that the developed transducer can effectively produce the single SH0 mode in an aluminum plate. The frequency response characteristics of this developed transducer are tested. The results demonstrate that the proposed OSHM-MPT has a center frequency of 300kHz related to the distance between adjacent arc-shaped steps of the PSA coils. Furthermore, omni-directivity of this developed transducer is tested. The results demonstrate that the developed transducer has a high omnidirectional consistency.

Magnetostrictive energy generator for harvesting the rotation of human knee joint

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Baiping Yan

2018-05-01

Full Text Available This paper presents the design and fabrication of a rotary-impact magnetostrictive energy generator, used to harvest the rotation of human knee joint. The harvester consists of twelve movable Terfenol-D rods, surrounded by the picked up coils respectively, and alternate permanent magnet (PM array sandwiched in each part of the shell. Rotational electromagnetic power generating effect and impacted magnetostrictive power generating effect are designed in the harvester. Modeling and simulation are used to validate the concept. Then, magnetic field and leakage of the harvester are analyzed, electromagnetic force in the harvester is simulated. A prototype of harvester is fabricated, and subjected to the experimental characterization. It can be concluded that huge induced voltage generated in the short-time impact situation and that induced voltage in the harvester can reach up to 60-80 volts at 0.91Hz low frequency rotation. Also, the presented harvester has good harvesting effects at low frequency human walking and periodic swing crus situation, which are suitable to be used for future researches of wearable knee joint applications.

Magnetostrictive energy generator for harvesting the rotation of human knee joint

Science.gov (United States)

Yan, Baiping; Zhang, Chengming; Li, Liyi

2018-05-01

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a rotary-impact magnetostrictive energy generator, used to harvest the rotation of human knee joint. The harvester consists of twelve movable Terfenol-D rods, surrounded by the picked up coils respectively, and alternate permanent magnet (PM) array sandwiched in each part of the shell. Rotational electromagnetic power generating effect and impacted magnetostrictive power generating effect are designed in the harvester. Modeling and simulation are used to validate the concept. Then, magnetic field and leakage of the harvester are analyzed, electromagnetic force in the harvester is simulated. A prototype of harvester is fabricated, and subjected to the experimental characterization. It can be concluded that huge induced voltage generated in the short-time impact situation and that induced voltage in the harvester can reach up to 60-80 volts at 0.91Hz low frequency rotation. Also, the presented harvester has good harvesting effects at low frequency human walking and periodic swing crus situation, which are suitable to be used for future researches of wearable knee joint applications.

Monitoring of Defects in a Pipe Weld by a Comparison of Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Signals

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheong, Yong-Moo; Oh, Se-Beom; Lee, Duck-Hyun

2016-01-01

In this study a computer program for an accurate comparison and subtraction of guided wave signals were developed. The program contains an algorithm for calibration with the flight time and phases of ultrasonic signals in the time domain. Once the reference signals were acquired at the beginning of the monitoring, the signals can be compared to the reference. The signals due to the geometry can be eliminated clearly and an evolution of defect in a pipe can be monitored accurately. In order to improve the detectability and solve the problems of the guided wave methods, a magnetostrictive guided wave sensor technique was proposed. Because the waveforms by the magnetostrictive sensors are quite clear and repeatable, it is possible to detect the defects at the weld regions or even monitor the small variations of the defects after a permanent installation of the magnetostrictive strip sensors. In order to eliminate the signals from the geometry, such as weld, pipe support, branch connection, a computer algorithm and program were developed. A notch with 1.5% of CSA of the pipe can be detected with increased accuracy. The guided wave monitoring technique developed in this study can be a promising tool for inspection of the pipe with limited accessibility, such as insulated or buried pipe

Monitoring of Defects in a Pipe Weld by a Comparison of Magnetostrictive Guided Wave Signals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheong, Yong-Moo; Oh, Se-Beom; Lee, Duck-Hyun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-10-15

In this study a computer program for an accurate comparison and subtraction of guided wave signals were developed. The program contains an algorithm for calibration with the flight time and phases of ultrasonic signals in the time domain. Once the reference signals were acquired at the beginning of the monitoring, the signals can be compared to the reference. The signals due to the geometry can be eliminated clearly and an evolution of defect in a pipe can be monitored accurately. In order to improve the detectability and solve the problems of the guided wave methods, a magnetostrictive guided wave sensor technique was proposed. Because the waveforms by the magnetostrictive sensors are quite clear and repeatable, it is possible to detect the defects at the weld regions or even monitor the small variations of the defects after a permanent installation of the magnetostrictive strip sensors. In order to eliminate the signals from the geometry, such as weld, pipe support, branch connection, a computer algorithm and program were developed. A notch with 1.5% of CSA of the pipe can be detected with increased accuracy. The guided wave monitoring technique developed in this study can be a promising tool for inspection of the pipe with limited accessibility, such as insulated or buried pipe.

Synchrotron Diffraction Studies of Spontaneous Magnetostriction in Rare Earth Transition Metal Compounds

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Yang, Ning [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2004-12-19

Thermal expansion anomalies of R₂Fe₁₄B and R₂Fe₁₇C_x (x = 0,2) (R = Y, Nd, Gd, Tb, Er) stoichiometric compounds are studied with high-energy synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction using Debye-Schemer geometry in temperature range 10K to 1000K. Large spontaneous magnetostriction up to their Curie temperatures (T_c) is observed. The a-axes show relatively larger invar effects than c-axes in the R₂Fe₁₄B compounds whereas the R₂Fe₁₇C_x show the contrary anisotropies. The iron sub-lattice is shown to dominate the spontaneous magnetostriction of the compounds. The contribution of the rare earth sublattice is roughly proportional to the spin magnetic moment of the rare earth in the R₂Fe₁₄B compounds but in R₂Fe₁₇C_x, the rare earth sub-lattice contribution appears more likely to be dominated by the local bonding. The calculation of spontaneous magnetostrain of bonds shows that the bonds associated with Fe(j2) sites in R₂Fe₁₄B and the dumbbell sites in R₂Fe₁₇C_x have larger values, which is strongly related to their largest magnetic moment and Wigner-Seitz atomic cell volume. The roles of the carbon atoms in increasing the Curie temperatures of the R₂Fe₁₇ compounds are attributed to the increased separation of Fe hexagons. The R₂Fe₁₇ and R₂Fe₁₄B phases with magnetic rare earth ions also show anisotropies of thermal expansion above _c. For R₂Fe₁₇ and R₂Fe₁₄B the a _a/a _c > 1 whereas the anisotropy is reversed with the interstitial carbon in R₂Fe₁₇. The average bond magnetostrain is shown to be a possible predictor of the magnetic moment of Fe sites in the compounds. Both of the theoretical and

A Cryogenic Magnetostrictive Actuator Using a Persistent High Temperature Superconducting Magnet. Part 1; Concept and Design

Science.gov (United States)

Horner, Garnett; Bromberg, Leslie; Teter, J. P.

2000-01-01

Cryogenic magnetostrictive materials, such as rare earth zinc crystals, offer high strains and high forces with minimally applied magnetic fields, making the material ideally suited for deformable optics applications. For cryogenic temperature applications the use of superconducting magnets offer the possibility of a persistent mode of operation, i.e., the magnetostrictive material will maintain a strain field without power. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are attractive options if the temperature of operation is higher than 10 degrees Kelvin (K) and below 77 K. However, HTS wires have constraints that limit the minimum radius of winding, and even if good wires can be produced, the technology for joining superconducting wires does not exist. In this paper, the design and capabilities of a rare earth zinc magnetostrictive actuator using bulk HTS is described. Bulk superconductors can be fabricated in the sizes required with excellent superconducting properties. Equivalent permanent magnets, made with this inexpensive material, are persistent, do not require a persistent switch as in HTS wires, and can be made very small. These devices are charged using a technique which is similar to the one used for charging permanent magnets, e.g., by driving them into saturation. A small normal conducting coil can be used for charging or discharging. Because of the magnetic field capability of the superconductor material, a very small amount of superconducting magnet material is needed to actuate the rare earth zinc. In this paper, several designs of actuators using YBCO and BSCCO 2212 superconducting materials are presented. Designs that include magnetic shielding to prevent interaction between adjacent actuators will also be described. Preliminary experimental results and comparison with theory for BSCCO 2212 with a magnetostrictive element will be discussed.

Giant Enhancement of Magnetostrictive Response in Directionally-Solidified Fe83Ga17Erx Compounds

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Radhika Barua

2018-06-01

Full Text Available We report, for the first time, correlations between crystal structure, microstructure and magnetofunctional response in directionally solidified [110]-textured Fe83Ga17Erx (0 < x < 1.2 alloys. The morphology of the doped samples consists of columnar grains, mainly composed of a matrix phase and precipitates of a secondary phase deposited along the grain boundary region. An enhancement of more than ~275% from ~45 to 170 ppm is observed in the saturation magnetostriction value (λs of Fe83Ga17Erx alloys with the introduction of small amounts of Er. Moreover, it was noted that the low field derivative of magnetostriction with respect to an applied magnetic field (i.e., dλs/dHapp for Happ up to 1000 Oe increases by ~230% with Er doping (dλs/dHapp,FeGa= 0.045 ppm/Oe; dλs/dHapp,FeGaEr= 0.15 ppm/Oe. The enhanced magnetostrictive response of the Fe83Ga17Erx alloys is ascribed to an amalgamation of microstructural and electronic factors, namely: (i improved grain orientation and local strain effects due to deposition of Er in the intergranular region; and (ii strong local magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to the highly anisotropic localized nature of the 4f electronic charge distribution of the Er atom. Overall, this work provides guidelines for further improving galfenol-based materials systems for diverse applications in the power and energy sector.

Resonant magnetoelectric response of cantilevers with magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers on opposite sides of the substrate

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Matthias C. Krantz

2013-06-01

Full Text Available A theory is derived for the bending-mode magnetoelectric coefficients at resonance for magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers on opposite sides of a substrate. Results are given for the transverse ME coefficient in the Metglas-Si-AlN system with magnetic field excitation parallel and electric polarization perpendicular to the cantilever. The center-substrate layer sequence is found to produce about 50 % enhancement of the magnetoelectric effect compared to magnetoelectric bilayers on one side of a substrate. Up to about 10 % additional enhancement of the ME effect is predicted if the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are separated from the substrate by spacer layers with lower Youngs modulus. Lowest order bending mode resonance frequencies are given.

Correlation between magnetostriction and magnetic structure in pseudobinary compounds Tb(Co1-xFex2

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yue Wang

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Giant low-field magnetostriction has been achieved in pseudobinary Laves phase compounds RR’T2 (R and R’: rare earth elements; T: transition metal elements around the ferromagnetic - ferromagnetic (ferro.-ferro. transition temperature. Evolution of the magnetic structure across such transition requires comprehensive investigation. In this work, pseudobinary system Tb(Co1-xFex2 is selected to investigate the evolution of local magnetic moment, for which two end terminals TbCo2 and TbFe2 possess the rhombohedral (R structure at the ferromagnetic state but with different magnetic ordering temperatures (TC. Magnetometry measurements reveal that a composition independent ferromagnetic - ferromagnetic transition occurs at ∼100 K despite the increased Curie temperature TC with raised Fe concentration in the Tb(Co1-xFex2. Synchrotron XRD data reveal that both the lattice parameter and the lattice strain along the direction are abnormally temperature dependent, accompanied with experimentally observed magnetostriction abnormality at 100 K. In-situ neutron powder diffraction (NPD results show that the local magnetic moments of T2 (9e site atoms are also abnormally temperature dependent, which is larger at 100 K than that at a lower temperature 50 K. Such findings indicate close correlations between the magnetic structure and the magnetostrictive effect in the pseudobinary RT2 compounds.

Stability, elastic and magnetostrictive properties of γ-Fe{sub 4}C and its derivatives from first principles theory

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Yun; Wang, Zhe [Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105 Hunan (China); Cao, Juexian, E-mail: jxcao@xtu.edu.cn [Department of Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105 Hunan (China); Beijing Computational Science Reasearch Center, 100084 Beijing (China)

2014-11-15

Using the first-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method, we investigated the stability, elastic and magnetostrictive properties of γ-Fe{sub 4}C and its derivatives. From the formation energy, we show that the most preferable configuration for MFe{sub 3}C (M=Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir) is that the M atom occupies the corner 1a position rather than 3c position. These derivatives are ductile due to high B/G values except for IrFe{sub 3}C. The calculated tetragonal magnetostrictive coefficient λ{sub 001} value for γ-Fe{sub 4}C is −380 ppm, which is larger than the value of Fe{sub 83}Ga{sub 17} (+207 ppm). Due to the strong SOC coupling strength constant (ξ) of Pt, the calculated λ{sub 001} of PtFe{sub 3}C is −691 ppm, which is increased by 80% compared to that of γ-Fe{sub 4}C. We demonstrate the origin of giant magnetostriction coefficient in terms of electronic structures and their responses to the tetragonal lattice distortion. - Highlights: • The most preferable site for M atom of MFe{sub 3}C (M=Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir) is the corner position. • The magnetostrictive coefficient for γ-Fe{sub 4}C is −380 ppm, larger than the value of Fe{sub 83}Ga{sub 17}. • The calculated λ{sub 001} of PtFe{sub 3}C is −691 ppm, which is increased by 80% compared to that of γ-Fe{sub 4}C.

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of clathrate compound Pr3Pd20Ge6

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumoto, K.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Iwakami, O.; Ono, T.; Abe, S.; Ano, G.; Akatsu, M.; Mitsumoto, K.; Nemoto, Y.; Goto, T.; Takeda, N.; Kitazawa, H.

2018-03-01

In Pr3Pd20Ge6, the Pr ions are located at two different crystallographic sites, 4a and 8c site. Antiferro-quadrupole ordering (AFQ) of the 8c site occurs at 250 mK. Ac susceptibility measurement indicated that antiferromagnetic ordering (AFM) of the 4a site and Hyperfine-enhanced Pr nuclear magnetic ordering of the 8c site occur at 77 and 9 mK, respectively. To clarify the magnetic and quadrupole properties of Pr3Pd20Ge6, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements on single crystal sample were carried out along the [001] direction up to 8 T down to 500 μK using a capacitive dilatometer. In zero field, relative length change ΔL/L in [001] direction had a dip at AFQ and abrupt decrease at AFM ordering. From thermal expansion and isothermal magnetostriction measurements, magnetic phase diagram of Pr3Pd20Ge6 along [001] direction was obtained.

Modeling of Magnetoelectric Interaction in Magnetostrictive-Piezoelectric Composites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. I. Bichurin

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The paper dwells on the theoretical modeling of magnetoelectric (ME effect in layered and bulk composites based on magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials. Our analysis rests on the simultaneous solution of elastodynamic or elastostatic and electro/magnetostatic equations. The expressions for ME coefficients as the functions of material parameters and volume fractions of components are obtained. Longitudinal, transverse, and in-plane cases are considered. The use of the offered model has allowed to present the ME effect in ferrite cobalt-barium titanate, ferrite cobalt-PZT, ferrite nickel-PZT, and lanthanum strontium manganite-PZT composites adequately.

Transformer sound level caused by core magnetostriction and winding stress displacement variation

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chang-Hung Hsu

2017-05-01

Full Text Available Magnetostriction caused by the exciting variation of the magnetic core and the current conducted by the winding wired to the core has a significant result impact on a power transformer. This paper presents the sound of a factory transformer before on-site delivery for no-load tests. This paper also discusses the winding characteristics from the transformer full-load tests. The simulation and the measurement for several transformers with capacities ranging from 15 to 60 MVA and high voltage 132kV to low voltage 33 kV are performed. This study compares the sound levels for transformers by no-load test (core/magnetostriction and full-load test (winding/displacement ε. The difference between the simulated and the measured sound levels is about 3dB. The results show that the sound level depends on several parameters, including winding displacement, capacity, mass of the core and windings. Comparative results of magnetic induction of cores and the electromagnetic force of windings for no-load and full-load conditions are examined.

Acoustic Analysis Method for Flat Panel Speaker Driven by Giant Magnetostrictive-Material-Based Exciter(Linear Motor concerning Daily Life)

OpenAIRE

兪, 炳振; 平田, 勝弘; 大西, 敦郎; Byungjin, YOO; Katsuhiro, HIRATA; Atsurou, OONISHI; 大阪大学; 大阪大学; 大阪大学

2011-01-01

This paper presents a coupled analysis method of electromagnetic-structural-acoustic fields for flat panel speaker driven by giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) based exciter designed by using the finite element method (FEM). The acoustic field creation of the flat panel speaker driven by GMM exciter relies on the vibration of flat panel caused by magnetostrictive phenomenon of GMM when a magnetic field is applied. In this case, to predict the sound pressure level (SPL) at audio frequency r...

A comparative analysis of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive actuators in Smart Structures

OpenAIRE

Pons Rovira, José Luis

2005-01-01

[EN] This paper introduces a comparative analysis of Piezoelectric (PZ) and Magnetostrictive (MS) actuators as components in smart structures. There is an increasing interest in functional structures which are able to adapt to external or internal perturbations, i.e. changes in loading conditions or ageing. Actuator technologies must perform concomitantly as sensors and actuators to be applicable in smart structures. In this paper we will comparatively analyze the possibility of usin...

A comprehensive dynamic modeling approach for giant magnetostrictive material actuators

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gu, Guo-Ying; Zhu, Li-Min; Li, Zhi; Su, Chun-Yi

2013-01-01

In this paper, a comprehensive modeling approach for a giant magnetostrictive material actuator (GMMA) is proposed based on the description of nonlinear electromagnetic behavior, the magnetostrictive effect and frequency response of the mechanical dynamics. It maps the relationships between current and magnetic flux at the electromagnetic part to force and displacement at the mechanical part in a lumped parameter form. Towards this modeling approach, the nonlinear hysteresis effect of the GMMA appearing only in the electrical part is separated from the linear dynamic plant in the mechanical part. Thus, a two-module dynamic model is developed to completely characterize the hysteresis nonlinearity and the dynamic behaviors of the GMMA. The first module is a static hysteresis model to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity, and the cascaded second module is a linear dynamic plant to represent the dynamic behavior. To validate the proposed dynamic model, an experimental platform is established. Then, the linear dynamic part and the nonlinear hysteresis part of the proposed model are identified in sequence. For the linear part, an approach based on axiomatic design theory is adopted. For the nonlinear part, a Prandtl–Ishlinskii model is introduced to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity and a constrained quadratic optimization method is utilized to identify its coefficients. Finally, experimental tests are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic model and the corresponding identification method. (paper)

Pipe Wall Thinning Evaluation through the Arrival Time Delay of A0 Lamb Wave Using Magnetostrictive Patch Transducers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cho, Seung Hyun; Kwon, Hyu Sang; Ahn, Bong Young; Lee, Seung Seok [Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2008-12-15

Guided wave technology is advantageous for fast inspection of pipe wall thinning since the guided wave propagates long distance. In this investigation, the method to evaluate gradual wall thinning in a pipe based on the arrival time delay with magnetostrictive patch transducers is presented. Low frequency A0 Lamb waves were generated and measured by the present transducer and it was applied to arrival time delay measurement experiments on a test pipe having gradual wall thinnings artificially manufactured. From experiments, consistent results that wall thinning increases the arrival time delay of A0 waves were obtained. Consequently, the feasibility of the magnetostrictive patch transducers to evaluate wall thinning was verified

Pipe Wall Thinning Evaluation through the Arrival Time Delay of A0 Lamb Wave Using Magnetostrictive Patch Transducers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Seung Hyun; Kwon, Hyu Sang; Ahn, Bong Young; Lee, Seung Seok

2008-01-01

Guided wave technology is advantageous for fast inspection of pipe wall thinning since the guided wave propagates long distance. In this investigation, the method to evaluate gradual wall thinning in a pipe based on the arrival time delay with magnetostrictive patch transducers is presented. Low frequency A0 Lamb waves were generated and measured by the present transducer and it was applied to arrival time delay measurement experiments on a test pipe having gradual wall thinnings artificially manufactured. From experiments, consistent results that wall thinning increases the arrival time delay of A0 waves were obtained. Consequently, the feasibility of the magnetostrictive patch transducers to evaluate wall thinning was verified

Theory of magnetoelectric coupling in 2-2-type magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composite film with texture

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu Chaoqian; Fei Weidong; Li Weili

2008-01-01

It is well accepted that textures in polycrystalline films have significant effects on film properties. The magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in a 2-2-type multiferroic composite film was theoretically discussed using Landau-Ginsburg-Devonshire theory, where the influences of dispersive texture and residual stress were considered. As an example, the 2-2-type CoFe 2 O 4 /BaTiO 3 composite film was theoretically analysed, wherein the case of both the magnetostrictive phase and the piezoelectric phase with (0 0 1)-oriented texture was considered. Our results show that the ME coupling is enhanced with the texture degree of the piezoelectric phase and/or the magnitude of the residual tensile stress, but weakened with the magnitude of residual compressive stress. With increasing texture degree of the magnetostrictive phase, the ME coupling is enhanced when the texture degree is smaller than a critical value, but weakened when the texture degree is larger than the critical value

Magnetostrictive GMR spin valves with composite FeGa/FeCo free layers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Luping [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072 (China); Zhan, Qingfeng, E-mail: zhanqf@nimte.ac.cn, E-mail: runweili@nimte.ac.cn; Yang, Huali; Li, Huihui; Zhang, Shuanglan; Liu, Yiwei; Wang, Baomin; Li, Run-Wei, E-mail: zhanqf@nimte.ac.cn, E-mail: runweili@nimte.ac.cn [Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201 (China); Tan, Xiaohua [Institute of Materials Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072 (China)

2016-03-15

We have fabricated strain-sensitive spin valves on flexible substrates by utilizing the large magnetostrictive FeGa alloy to promote the strain sensitivity and the composite free layer of FeGa/FeCo to avoid the drastic reduction of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio. This kind of spin valve (SV-FeGa/FeCo) displays a MR ratio about 5.9%, which is comparable to that of the conventional spin valve (SV-FeCo) with a single FeCo free layer. Different from the previously reported works on magnetostrictive spin valves, the SV-FeGa/FeCo displays an asymmetric strain dependent GMR behavior. Upon increasing the lateral strain, the MR ratio for the ascending branch decreases more quickly than that for the descending branch, which is ascribed to the formation of a spiraling spin structure around the FeGa/FeCo interface under the combined influences of both magnetic field and mechanical strain. A strain sensitivity of GF = 7.2 was achieved at a magnetic bias field of -30 Oe in flexible SV-FeGa/FeCo, which is significantly larger than that of SV-FeCo.

Magnetostrictive GMR spin valves with composite FeGa/FeCo free layers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Luping; Zhan, Qingfeng; Yang, Huali; Li, Huihui; Zhang, Shuanglan; Liu, Yiwei; Wang, Baomin; Li, Run-Wei; Tan, Xiaohua

2016-01-01

We have fabricated strain-sensitive spin valves on flexible substrates by utilizing the large magnetostrictive FeGa alloy to promote the strain sensitivity and the composite free layer of FeGa/FeCo to avoid the drastic reduction of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio. This kind of spin valve (SV-FeGa/FeCo) displays a MR ratio about 5.9%, which is comparable to that of the conventional spin valve (SV-FeCo) with a single FeCo free layer. Different from the previously reported works on magnetostrictive spin valves, the SV-FeGa/FeCo displays an asymmetric strain dependent GMR behavior. Upon increasing the lateral strain, the MR ratio for the ascending branch decreases more quickly than that for the descending branch, which is ascribed to the formation of a spiraling spin structure around the FeGa/FeCo interface under the combined influences of both magnetic field and mechanical strain. A strain sensitivity of GF = 7.2 was achieved at a magnetic bias field of -30 Oe in flexible SV-FeGa/FeCo, which is significantly larger than that of SV-FeCo.

Magnetostrictive GMR spin valves with composite FeGa/FeCo free layers

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Luping; Zhan, Qingfeng; Yang, Huali; Li, Huihui; Zhang, Shuanglan; Liu, Yiwei; Wang, Baomin; Tan, Xiaohua; Li, Run-Wei

2016-03-01

We have fabricated strain-sensitive spin valves on flexible substrates by utilizing the large magnetostrictive FeGa alloy to promote the strain sensitivity and the composite free layer of FeGa/FeCo to avoid the drastic reduction of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) ratio. This kind of spin valve (SV-FeGa/FeCo) displays a MR ratio about 5.9%, which is comparable to that of the conventional spin valve (SV-FeCo) with a single FeCo free layer. Different from the previously reported works on magnetostrictive spin valves, the SV-FeGa/FeCo displays an asymmetric strain dependent GMR behavior. Upon increasing the lateral strain, the MR ratio for the ascending branch decreases more quickly than that for the descending branch, which is ascribed to the formation of a spiraling spin structure around the FeGa/FeCo interface under the combined influences of both magnetic field and mechanical strain. A strain sensitivity of GF = 7.2 was achieved at a magnetic bias field of -30 Oe in flexible SV-FeGa/FeCo, which is significantly larger than that of SV-FeCo.

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction studies on iron pnictides

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Liran

2010-09-19

In this work, a 3-terminal capacitance dilatometer was set up and used for measurements of the thermal expansion and magnetostriction of novel superconducting iron pinictides and related materials. In particular, RFeAsO with R = La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, LaFeASO{sub 1-x}F{sub x} and Ca(F{sub 1-c}Co{sub x}){sub 2}As{sub 2} have been investigated. The data on polycrystalline LaFeAsO{sub 1-x} are the first published thermal expansion data on this material. The lattice effects at the structural and the magnetic phase transition have been investigated and the phase diagram upon F-doping has been studied. A main result is the observation of a previously unknown fluctuation regime for the doping level x ≤ 0.04 over a large T range above the structural transition temperature T{sub S}. The absence of any structural anomalies in the normal state of the superconducting LaFeAlO{sub 1-x}F{sub x} samples with x ≥ 0.05 corroborates the discontinuous character of the phase boundary not only for the magnetism but also for the structural degrees of freedom. Similarly, the presence of high-temperature fluctuations is found for all RFeAsO undoped materials under study. The discussion of the probable origin of the fluctuations as well as the definition of the structural transition temperature T{sub S} are done. The low temperature features shown by the thermal expansion data for RFeAsO are caused by the onset of long range magnetic order of the 4f-moments and their different configurations. In particular, PrFeAsO, which has a very pronounced anomaly associated with Pr-ordering exhibits a large magnetostriction at low temperatures. By discussing this effect along with the magnetization, resistivity and other measurements, it is found that this large magneto-elastic effect may originate from the correlations between the momentum from Fe{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+}. Last, the thermal expansion of Ca(Fe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x}){sub 2}As{sub 2} 122 single crystals is investigated. Ca(Fe{sub 1-x}Co{sub x

Application of neural networks for the prediction of multidirectional magnetostriction

CERN Document Server

Baumgartinger, N; Pfützner, H; Krismanic, G

2000-01-01

This paper describes attempts to use artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the prediction of magnetostriction (MS) characteristics of transformer core materials. In this first approach, the ANNs were trained with data from a rotational single-sheet tester to predict MS in rolling direction (r.d.) as a function of material grade, amplitude and shape of multidirectional magnetisation as well as the level of additional mechanical stress. It is shown that ANNs are able to forecast the corresponding relative MS changes in an approximate way.

Piezoelectric/magnetostrictive resonant inchworm motor

Science.gov (United States)

Miesner, John E.; Teter, Joseph P.

1994-05-01

Magnetostrictive and piezoelectric materials were used to create a linear motor operating on the inchworm principle. This motor operates at an electrical resonance, switching power internally between inductive and capacitive components. Magnetic coils surrounding the two Terfenol-D rods which drive the inchworm's center expanding element form the inductive component. Piezoelectric stacks that control the end clamping action are the capacitive components. The normal electrical phase relationship between these components provides natural drive timing for the inchworm. The motor direction can be easily reversed by changing the magnetic bias on the Terfenol. A prototype motor was built that achieved a stall load of 26 lb and no-load speed of 1 inch/sec vs the design of 30 lb and 1.3 inch/sec. A new type of power supply that switches power from a dc source was built for the motor. This power supply uses a small number of components to exactly supply the energy used in each inchworm cycle. It tracks the motor circuit resonance and is not affected by frequency shifts.

Manganese substituted cobalt ferrite magnetostrictive materials for magnetic stress sensor applications

OpenAIRE

Paulsen, J. A.; Ring, A. P.; Lo, C. C. H.; Snyder, John Evan; Jiles, David

2005-01-01

Metal bonded cobalt ferrite composites have been shown to be promising candidate materials for use in magnetoelastic stress sensors, due to their large magnetostriction and high sensitivity of magnetization to stress. However previous results have shown that below 60 °C the cobalt ferrite material exhibits substantial magnetomechanical hysteresis. In the current study, measurements indicate that substituting Mn for some of the Fe in the cobalt ferrite can lower the Curie temperature of the ma...

Analysis of the giant magnetostrictive actuator with strong bias magnetic field

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Xue, Guangming, E-mail: yy0youxia@163.com; He, Zhongbo; Li, Dongwei; Yang, Zhaoshu; Zhao, Zhenglong

2015-11-15

Giant magnetostrictive actuator with strong bias magnetic field is designed to control the injector bullet valve opening and closing. The relationship between actuator displacement amplitude and input signal direction is analyzed. And based on the approximate linearity of strain-magnetic field, second-order system model of the actuator displacement is established. Experimental system suitable for the actuator is designed. The experimental results show that, the square voltage amplitude being 12 V, the actuator displacement amplitude is about 17 μm with backward direction signal input while being 1.5 μm under forward direction signal. From the results, the suitable input direction is confirmed to be backward. With exciting frequncy lower than 200 Hz, the error between the model and experimental result is less than 1.7 μm. So the model is validated under the low-frequency signal input. The testing displacement-voltage curves are approximately straight lines. But due to the biased position, the line slope and the displacement-voltage linearity change as the input voltage changes. - Highlights: • Giant magnetostrictive actuator with strong bias magnetic field is designed. • The relationship between actuator displacement amplitude and input current direction is analyzed. • The model of the actuator displacement is established and its accuracy is verified by the test. • The actuator displacement-voltage curves are achieved by the test, and the curves’ characteristics are analyzed theoretically.

The effect of boron doping on the magnetostriction of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al samples

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Doerr, Mathias; Granovsky, Sergey; Loewenhaupt, Michael [TU Dresden, Institut fuer Festkoerperphysik (Germany); Teodoro dos Santos, Claudio; Bormio-Nunes, Cristina [Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena (Brazil)

2011-07-01

Fe-Ga (Galfenol) based alloys are used in a number of magnetomechanical applications because of the high magnetostriction values of more than 100 ppm at room temperature. The addition of boron inhibits the crystallographic ordering of the alloys and stabilizes the disordered A2 structure that is responsible for the high striction values. Especially, polycrystalline and rapid cooled Fe-Ga-B and Fe-Al-B samples were investigated in our project. Magnetization and longitudinal as well as transversal magnetostriction measurements at temperatures of 5 K, 80 K and 300 K show a similar effect of the amount of B as found on single crystals. Whereas the saturation magnetization is nearly the same and mainly determined by the Fe content, a dependence of the striction values on the amount of B is visible (more than 10% in the Fe-Al system). The results illustrate the influence of the stoichiometry and the preparation conditions on the magnetomechanical properties.

Patients' perception of pain during ultrasonic debridement: a comparison between piezoelectric and magnetostrictive scalers.

Science.gov (United States)

Muhney, Kelly A; Dechow, Paul C

2010-01-01

To compare patients' perception of discomfort, vibration and noise levels between piezoelectric and the magnetostrictive ultrasonic units during periodontal debridement. Periodontal debridement was performed on 75 subjects using a split-mouth design. Two quadrants on the same side were instrumented with a piezoelectric ultrasonic device (EMS Swiss Mini Master® Piezon) and the remaining 2 quadrants were instrumented with a magnetostrictive ultrasonic device (Dentsply Cavitron® SPS™). Subjects marked between 0 and 100 along a visual analog scale (VAS) for each of the 3 variables immediately after treatment of each half of the dentition. Scores of the VAS were compared using a nonparametric test for paired data, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The level of significance was set at ptypes were almost equal. The results show that, on average, patients in this study prefer instrumentation with the piezoelectric as it relates to awareness of associated discomfort and vibration. The results of this study may assist the clinician in the decision over which ultrasonic device may prove more beneficial in decreasing patient discomfort and increasing patient compliance.

Fabrication, magnetostriction properties and applications of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys: a review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nai-juan Wang

2016-03-01

Full Text Available As an excellent giant-magnetostrictive material, Tb-Dy-Fe alloys (based on Tb0.27-0.30Dy0.73-0.70Fe1.9-2 Laves compound can be applied in many engineering fields, such as sonar transducer systems, sensors, and micro-actuators. However, the cost of the rare earth elements Tb and Dy is too high to be widely applied for the materials. Nowadays, there are two different ways to substitute for these alloying elements. One is to partially replace Tb or Dy by cheaper rare earth elements, such as Pr, Nd, Sm and Ho; and the other is to use non-rare earth elements, such as Co, Al, Mn, Si, Ce, B, Be and C, to substitute Fe to form single MgCu2-type Laves phase and a certain amount of Re-rich phase, which can reduce the brittleness and improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. This paper systemically introduces the development, the fabrication methods and the corresponding preferred growth directions of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys. In addition, the effects of alloying elements and heat treatment on magnetostrictive and mechanical properties of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys are also reviewed, respectively. Finally, some possible applications of Tb-Dy-Fe alloys are presented.

Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction Measurements at Cryogenic Temperature Using the Strain Gauge Method

OpenAIRE

Wei Wang; Wei Wang; Huiming Liu; Rongjin Huang; Rongjin Huang; Yuqiang Zhao; Chuangjun Huang; Shibin Guo; Yi Shan; Laifeng Li; Laifeng Li; Laifeng Li

2018-01-01

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction, the strain responses of a material to temperature and a magnetic field, especially properties at low temperature, are extremely useful to study electronic and phononic properties, phase transitions, quantum criticality, and other interesting phenomena in cryogenic engineering and materials science. However, traditional dilatometers cannot provide magnetic field and ultra-low temperature (<77 K) environment easily. This paper describes the design and ...

Multifunctional phenomena in rare-earth intermetallic compounds with a laves phase structure: giant magnetostriction and magnetocaloric effect

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tereshina, I.; Cwik, J.; Tereshina, Evgeniya; Politova, G.; Burkhanov, G.; Chzhan, V.; Ilyushin, A.; Miller, M.; Zaleski, A.; Nenkov, K.; Schultz, L.

2014-01-01

Roč. 50, č. 11 (2014), s. 2504604 ISSN 0018-9464 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : giant magnetostriction * Laves phase structure * magnetic anisotropy * magnetocaloric effect * rare-earth intermetallic Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 1.386, year: 2014

Magnetostrictive actuator-based micropositioner and its application in turning

Science.gov (United States)

Kanizar, William L.; Liu, Dongming; Moon, Kee S.; Sutherland, John W.

1996-05-01

The surface finish of a turned part is primarily generated from process parameters such as feed, tool geometry, and cutting speed. A micropositioner system utilizing a magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D, as a linear motor is presented as a means to actively control the process. The system has an actuator clamped in a flexor that is rigid in the feed and main cutting force directions, yet is flexible in the radial direction. Using control algorithms implemented on a digital computer, the system can provide a means to compensate for deleterious vibrations. The system has also been used to manipulate the tool position in the radial direction so that non-circular turning can be accomplished.

Development of an SH Wave Magnetostrictive Transducer Module for Guided Wave Testing of Plate Structures

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cho, Seung Hyun; Park, Jae Ha; Kwon Hyu Sang; Ahn, Bong Young; Lee, Seung Seok

2009-01-01

Recently much attention has been paid to a guided wave due to its effective applicability to long range and fast inspection of structures. In guided wave based NDE, the appropriate selection of wave modes is one of important factors since the test performance is highly dependent on which mode of guided waves is employed. As far as plate-like structures are concerned, so far, SH guided wave has not been frequently applied compared to Lamb waves, which is mostly caused by the lack of proper and convenient transducers to generate and measure the SH waves. In this investigation, a new small-sized SH guided wave transducer based on magnetostriction is proposed. The present transducer was designed to be modular and be used with shear couplant to avoid the inconvenience of the existing magnetostrictive patch transducers, which comprises the ferromagnetic patch tightly bonded to a structure. The wave transduction mechanism and the detailed configuration of the present transducer are presented. Experimental verification is also conducted on test specimens and the results confirm the good performance of the present transducer module

Development of an SH Wave Magnetostrictive Transducer Module for Guided Wave Testing of Plate Structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cho, Seung Hyun; Park, Jae Ha; Kwon Hyu Sang; Ahn, Bong Young; Lee, Seung Seok [Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2009-04-15

Recently much attention has been paid to a guided wave due to its effective applicability to long range and fast inspection of structures. In guided wave based NDE, the appropriate selection of wave modes is one of important factors since the test performance is highly dependent on which mode of guided waves is employed. As far as plate-like structures are concerned, so far, SH guided wave has not been frequently applied compared to Lamb waves, which is mostly caused by the lack of proper and convenient transducers to generate and measure the SH waves. In this investigation, a new small-sized SH guided wave transducer based on magnetostriction is proposed. The present transducer was designed to be modular and be used with shear couplant to avoid the inconvenience of the existing magnetostrictive patch transducers, which comprises the ferromagnetic patch tightly bonded to a structure. The wave transduction mechanism and the detailed configuration of the present transducer are presented. Experimental verification is also conducted on test specimens and the results confirm the good performance of the present transducer module

Systematic Investigation of Magnetostriction in Composite Magnetorheological Elastomers: the Effect of Particle Shape, Alignment, and Volume Fraction

Science.gov (United States)

Kassner, Christopher; Rieger, William; von Lockette, Paris; Lofland, Samuel

2013-03-01

We have completed a study of the magnetoelastic properties of several types of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs), composites consisting of magnetic particles cured in an elastic matrix. We have made a number of samples with different particle arrangements (pseudo-random and aligned), volume fraction, and particle shape (rods, spheres, and disks) and measured the field dependent strain in order to determine the magnetostriction. We found that the magnetostriction in these samples is highly dependent on the sample particle shape (aspect ratio) and volume fraction and ordering to a lesser extent. While much of the past work has focused on spherical particles, our results indicate that both rods and disks can yield enhanced results. We discuss our findings in terms of magnetic energy of the particles and elastic energy of the matrix. We then consider the issue of optimization. This work was supported in part by NSF Grant CMMI - 0927326.

Iron-rich (Fe1-x-yNixCoy)88Zr7B4Cu1 nanocrystalline magnetic materials for high temperature applications with minimal magnetostriction

Science.gov (United States)

Martone, Anthony; Dong, Bowen; Lan, Song; Willard, Matthew A.

2018-05-01

As inductor technology advances, greater efficiency and smaller components demand new core materials. With recent developments of nanocrystalline magnetic materials, soft magnetic properties of these cores can be greatly improved. FeCo-based nanocrystalline magnetic alloys have resulted in good soft magnetic properties and high Curie temperatures; however, magnetoelastic anisotropies persist as a main source of losses. This investigation focuses on the design of a new Fe-based (Fe,Ni,Co)88Zr7B4Cu1 alloy with reduced magnetostriction and potential for operation at elevated temperatures. The alloys have been processed by arc melting, melt spinning, and annealing in a protective atmosphere to produce nanocrystalline ribbons. These ribbons have been analyzed for structure, hysteresis, and magnetostriction using X-Ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), and a home-built magnetostriction system, respectively. In addition, Curie temperatures of the amorphous phase were analyzed to determine the best performing, high-temperature material. Our best result was found for a Fe77Ni8.25Co2.75Zr7B4Cu1 alloy with a 12 nm average crystallite size (determined from Scherrer broadening) and a 2.873 Å lattice parameter determined from the Nelson-Riley function. This nanocrystalline alloy possesses a coercivity of 10 A/m, magnetostrictive coefficient of 4.8 ppm, and amorphous phase Curie temperature of 218°C.

Thermo-magnetic field effects on the wave propagation behavior of smart magnetostrictive sandwich nanoplates

Science.gov (United States)

Ebrahimi, Farzad; Dabbagh, Ali

2018-03-01

In this paper, a three-variable plate model is utilized to explore the wave propagation problem of smart sandwich nanoplates made of a magnetostrictive core and ceramic face sheets while subjected to thermo-magnetic loading. Herein, the magnetostriction effect is considered and controlled via a feedback control system. The nanoplate is supposed to be embedded on a visco-Pasternak elastic substrate. The kinematic relations are derived based on the Kirchhoff plate theory; also, combining these obtained equations with Hamilton's principle, the local equations of motion are achieved. According to a nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT), the small-scale influences are covered precisely by introducing two scale coefficients. Afterwards, the nonlocal governing equations are derived coupling the local equations with those of the NSGT. Applying an analytical solution, the wave frequency and phase velocity of the propagated waves can be gathered solving an eigenvalue problem. On the other hand, accuracy and efficiency of the presented model are verified by setting a comparison between the obtained results with those of previous published researches. Effects of different variants are plotted in some figures and the highlights are discussed in detail.

Magnetocaloric effect, thermal conductivity, and magnetostriction of epoxy-bonded La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 hydrides

Science.gov (United States)

Matsumoto, K.; Murayama, D.; Takeshita, M.; Ura, Y.; Abe, S.; Numazawa, T.; Takata, H.; Matsumoto, Y.; Kuriiwa, T.

2017-09-01

Magnetic materials with large magnetocaloric effect are significantly important for magnetic refrigeration. La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 compounds are one of the promising magnetocaloric materials that have a first order magnetic phase transition. Transition temperature of hydrogenated La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 increased up to room temperature region while keeping metamagnetic transition properties. From view point of practical usage, bonded composite are very attractive and their properties are important. We made epoxy bonded La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 hydrides. Magnetocaloric effect was studied by measuring specific heat, magnetization, and temperature change in adiabatic demagnetization. The composite had about 20% smaller entropy change from the hydrogenated La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 powder in 2 T. Thermal conductivity of the composite was several times smaller than La(Fe,Si)13. The small thermal conductivity was explained due to the small thermal conductivity of epoxy. Thermal conductivity was observed to be insensitive to magnetic field in 2 T. Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of the composite material were measured. The composite expanded about 0.25% when it entered into ferromagnetic phase. Magnetostriction of the composite in ferromagnetic phase was about 0.2% in 5 T and much larger than that in paramagnetic phase. The composite didn’t break after about 100 times magnetic field changes in adiabatic demagnetization experiment even though it has magnetostriction.

100 MHz high-speed strain monitor using fiber Bragg grating and optical filter applied for magnetostriction measurements of cobaltite at magnetic fields beyond 100 T

Science.gov (United States)

Ikeda, Akihiko; Nomura, Toshihiro; Matsuda, Yasuhiro H.; Tani, Shuntaro; Kobayashi, Yohei; Watanabe, Hiroshi; Sato, Keisuke

2018-05-01

High-speed 100 MHz strain monitor using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and an optical filter has been devised for the magnetostriction measurements under ultrahigh magnetic fields. The longitudinal magnetostriction of LaCoO 3 has been measured at room temperature, 115, 7 and 4.2 K up to the maximum magnetic field of 150 T. The field-induced lattice elongations are observed, which are attributed to the spin-state crossover from the low-spin ground state to excited spin-states.

Microfabrication of magnetostrictive beams based on NiFe film doped with B and Mo for integrated sensor systems

KAUST Repository

Alfadhel, Ahmed; Gianchandani, Y.; Kosel, Jü rgen

2012-01-01

This paper reports the development of integrated micro-sensors consisting of 1 -µm-thick magnetostrictive cantilevers or bridges with 500 µm in length and conducting interrogation elements. The thin films are fabricated by sputter deposition of Ni

Coupled Electro-Magneto-Mechanical-Acoustic Analysis Method Developed by Using 2D Finite Element Method for Flat Panel Speaker Driven by Magnetostrictive-Material-Based Actuator

Science.gov (United States)

Yoo, Byungjin; Hirata, Katsuhiro; Oonishi, Atsurou

In this study, a coupled analysis method for flat panel speakers driven by giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) based actuator was developed. The sound field produced by a flat panel speaker that is driven by a GMM actuator depends on the vibration of the flat panel, this vibration is a result of magnetostriction property of the GMM. In this case, to predict the sound pressure level (SPL) in the audio-frequency range, it is necessary to take into account not only the magnetostriction property of the GMM but also the effect of eddy current and the vibration characteristics of the actuator and the flat panel. In this paper, a coupled electromagnetic-structural-acoustic analysis method is presented; this method was developed by using the finite element method (FEM). This analysis method is used to predict the performance of a flat panel speaker in the audio-frequency range. The validity of the analysis method is verified by comparing with the measurement results of a prototype speaker.

A Cryogenic Magnetostrictive Actuator using a Persistent High Temperature Superconducting Magnet, Part 1: Concept and Design. Part 1; Concept and Design

Science.gov (United States)

Horner, Garnett C.; Bromberg, Leslie; Teter, J. P.

2001-01-01

Cryogenic magnetostrictive materials, such as rare earth zinc crystals, offer high strains and high forces with minimally applied magnetic fields, making the material ideally suited for deformable optics applications. For cryogenic temperature applications, such as Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), the use of superconducting magnets offer the possibility of a persistent mode of operation, i.e., the magnetostrictive material will maintain a strain field without power. High temperature superconductors (HTS) are attractive options if the temperature of operation is higher than 10 degrees Kelvin (K) and below 77 K. However, HTS wires have constraints that limit the minimum radius of winding, and even if good wires can be produced, the technology for joining superconducting wires does not exist. In this paper, the design and capabilities of a rare earth zinc magnetostrictive actuator using bulk HTS is described. Bulk superconductors can be fabricated in the sizes required with excellent superconducting properties. Equivalent permanent magnets, made with this inexpensive material, are persistent, do not require a persistent switch as in HTS wires, and can be made very small. These devices are charged using a technique which is similar to the one used for charging permanent magnets, e.g., by driving them into saturation. A small normal conducting coil can be used for charging or discharging. Very fast charging and discharging of HTS tubes, as short as 100 microseconds, has been demonstrated. Because of the magnetic field capability of the superconductor material, a very small amount of superconducting magnet material is needed to actuate the rare earth zinc. In this paper, several designs of actuators using YBCO and BSCCO 2212 superconducting materials are presented. Designs that include magnetic shielding to prevent interaction between adjacent actuators will also be described. Preliminary experimental results and comparison with theory for BSSCO 2212 with a

Magnetoresistance and magnetostriction of Ni81Fe19 and Co90Fe10 mono- and bilayer films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahingoz, R.; Hollingworth, M.P.; Gibbs, M.R.J.; Murdoch, S.J.

2005-01-01

Monolayer and bilayer films of Ni 81 Fe 19 , Co 90 Fe 10 , Co 90 Fe 10 /Ni 81 Fe 19 , and Ni 81 Fe 19 /Co 90 Fe 10 have been grown on thermally oxidized Si. The magnetoresistance (MR) of the samples was measured as a function of applied DC magnetic field, using a four-point probe method. The magnetostriction constant, λ s , was derived from the change of anisotropy field as a function of strain. The dependence of the MR on different combinations of film layers was investigated. The magnetoresistance of the bilayers changed dramatically upon reversal of the layer order. The mono- and bilayer samples with the same material on top of the substrate showed similar MR loop shapes. However, the saturation fields of the bilayers were larger than those for the monolayers. The magnetostriction of all samples was negative. We discuss the consequences for the study and optimization of spin-valve devices

Self-vibration cancellation of a novel bi-directional magnetized NdFeB/magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate.

Science.gov (United States)

Leung, Chung Ming; Wang, Feifei; Wang, Ya

2016-06-01

A novel magnetoelectric (ME) laminated composite structure is proposed in this work, aiming to provide a good self-vibration cancellation performance under the magnetic field detection environment. The proposed structure consists of two Terfenol-D magnetostrictive alloy plates which are revised and length-magnetized by two NdFeB magnets bonded on the top surface of a thickness-polarized Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) ceramic plate with separate electrodes. Experiments have shown that great vibration suppression up to 44 dB under harmonic disturbance was observed. The ME coefficient of the proposed structure also reaches up to ∼29 mV/Oe at non-resonance frequency and 758 mV/Oe at resonance frequency of 79 kHz which is ∼2 times larger than the traditional L-T Terfenol-D/PZT bilayer configuration of the same scale. Such performance improvement is achieved based on the bi-directional magnetic field bias (HBias) of two NdFeB magnets in magnetostrictive layer, internal in-series electrical wire connection in piezoelectric layer. The proposed design has great potential to be used for industrial applications associated with heavy environmental vibration noise.

Self-vibration cancellation of a novel bi-directional magnetized NdFeB/magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate

Science.gov (United States)

Leung, Chung Ming; Wang, Feifei; Wang, Ya

2016-06-01

A novel magnetoelectric (ME) laminated composite structure is proposed in this work, aiming to provide a good self-vibration cancellation performance under the magnetic field detection environment. The proposed structure consists of two Terfenol-D magnetostrictive alloy plates which are revised and length-magnetized by two NdFeB magnets bonded on the top surface of a thickness-polarized Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 (PZT) ceramic plate with separate electrodes. Experiments have shown that great vibration suppression up to 44 dB under harmonic disturbance was observed. The ME coefficient of the proposed structure also reaches up to ˜29 mV/Oe at non-resonance frequency and 758 mV/Oe at resonance frequency of 79 kHz which is ˜2 times larger than the traditional L-T Terfenol-D/PZT bilayer configuration of the same scale. Such performance improvement is achieved based on the bi-directional magnetic field bias (HBias) of two NdFeB magnets in magnetostrictive layer, internal in-series electrical wire connection in piezoelectric layer. The proposed design has great potential to be used for industrial applications associated with heavy environmental vibration noise.

Thermal expansion and spontaneous magnetostriction of R2Co7 intermetallic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Andreev, A.V.; Bartashevich, M.I.; Deryagin, A.V.; Zadvorkin, S.M.; Tarasov, E.N.

1988-01-01

Thermal expansion of R 2 Co 7 (R=Y, Nd, Gd, Tb) single crystals was invesigated by the method of X-ray dilatometry. Anomalous of thermal expansion, taking place during magnetic ordering and spin reorientation were used to determine linear and volumetric magnetistriction deformations. Constants of anisotropic magnetostriction of all R 2 Co 7 compounds with nonzero orbital moment of rare earth ion were calculated on the basis of single-ion model according to deformation values and with account of temperature dependences of the magnitude and direction of magnetic moment

Magnetostriction of a U.sub.2./sub.Fe.sub.13./sub.Si.sub.4./sub. single crystal

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Andreev, Alexander V.; Tereshina, Evgeniya; Prokleška, J.

2010-01-01

Roč. 491, 1-2 (2010), s. 4-7 ISSN 0925-8388 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/09/0339 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : uranium intermetallics * single crystals * ferromagnetism * magnetostriction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.138, year: 2010

An Analysis of the Guided Wave Patterns in a Small-bore Titanium Tube by a Magnetostrictive Sensor Technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cheong, Yong-Moo; Kim, Shin

2007-01-01

The presence of damage or defects in pipes or tubes is one of the major problems in nuclear power plants. However, in many cases, it is difficult to inspect all of them by the conventional ultrasonic methods, because of their geometrical complexity and inaccessibility. The magnetostrictive guided wave technique has several advantages for practical applications, such as a 100- percent volumetric coverage of a long segment of a structure, a reduced inspection time and its cost effectiveness, as well as its' relatively simple structure. One promising feature of the magnetostrictive sensor technique is that the wave patterns are relatively clear and simple compared to the conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. If we can characterize the evolution of the defect signals, it can be a promising tool for a structural health monitoring of pipes for a long period as well as the identification of flaws. An in-bore guided wave probe was developed for an application to small bore heat exchanger tubes. The magnetostrictive probe installed on the hollow cylindrical waveguide generates and detects torsional waves in the waveguide. This waveguide is expanded by the draw bar to create an intimate mechanical contact between the waveguide and the inside surface of the tube being tested. In this paper, we analyzed the wave patterns reflected from various artificial holes in a titanium tube, which is used in the condenser in a nuclear power plant. The torsional guided waves were generated and received by a coil and a DC magnetized nickel strip as well as an inbore guided wave probe. The wave patterns from various defects were compared with two different sensor techniques and a detectable limit of the defected was estimated

Nonlinear magnetoelectric effect and magnetostriction in piezoelectric CsCuCl{sub 3} in paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic states

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kharkovskiy, A. I., E-mail: akharkovskiy@inbox.ru [International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Gajowicka 95, 53-421 Wrocław (Poland); L.F. Vereshchagin Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, 142190 Troitsk, Moscow (Russian Federation); Shaldin, Yu. V. [International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Gajowicka 95, 53-421 Wrocław (Poland); Institute for Crystallography RAS, Lenin' s Avenue 59, 119333 Moscow (Russian Federation); Nizhankovskii, V. I. [International Laboratory of High Magnetic Fields and Low Temperatures, Gajowicka 95, 53-421 Wrocław (Poland)

2016-01-07

The direct nonlinear magnetoelectric (ME) effect and the magnetostriction of piezoelectric CsCuCl{sub 3} single crystals were comprehensively studied over a wide temperature range in stationary magnetic fields of up to 14 T. The direct nonlinear ME effect measurements were also performed in pulsed magnetic fields up to 31 T, at liquid helium temperature in the antiferromagnetic (AF) state for the crystallographic direction in which effect has the maximum value. The nonlinear ME effect was quadratic in the paramagnetic state for the whole range of magnetic fields. In the AF state the phase transition between different configurations of spins manifested itself as plateau-like peculiarity on the nonlinear ME effect. The nonlinear ME effect was saturated by the phase transition to the spin-saturated paramagnetic state. Two contributions to the nonlinear ME effects in CsCuCl{sub 3} were extracted from the experimental data: the intrinsic ME effect originated from the magnetoelectric interactions, and the extrinsic one, which resulted from a magnetostriction-induced piezoelectric effect.

Development of a Novel Guided Wave Generation System Using a Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator for Nondestructive Evaluation.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Mingzhang; Li, Weijie; Wang, Junming; Wang, Ning; Chen, Xuemin; Song, Gangbing

2018-03-04

As a common approach to nondestructive testing and evaluation, guided wave-based methods have attracted much attention because of their wide detection range and high detection efficiency. It is highly desirable to develop a portable guided wave testing system with high actuating energy and variable frequency. In this paper, a novel giant magnetostrictive actuator with high actuation power is designed and implemented, based on the giant magnetostrictive (GMS) effect. The novel GMS actuator design involves a conical energy-focusing head that can focus the amplified mechanical energy generated by the GMS actuator. This design enables the generation of stress waves with high energy, and the focusing of the generated stress waves on the test object. The guided wave generation system enables two kinds of output modes: the coded pulse signal and the sweep signal. The functionality and the advantages of the developed system are validated through laboratory testing in the quality assessment of rock bolt-reinforced structures. In addition, the developed GMS actuator and the supporting system are successfully implemented and applied in field tests. The device can also be used in other nondestructive testing and evaluation applications that require high-power stress wave generation.

Eddy-current effect on resonant magnetoelectric coupling in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric laminated composites

Science.gov (United States)

Liu, Guoxi; Zhang, Chunli; Chen, Weiqiu; Dong, Shuxiang

2013-07-01

An analytical model of resonant magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in magnetostrictive (MS)-piezoelectric (PE) laminated composites in consideration of eddy-current effect in MS layer using equivalent circuit method is presented. Numerical calculations show that: (1) the eddy-current has a strong effect on ME coupling in MS-PE laminated composites at resonant frequency; and (2) the resonant ME coupling is then significantly dependent on the sizes of ME laminated composites, which were neglected in most previous theoretical analyses. The achieved results provide a theoretical guidance for the practice engineering design, manufacture, and application of ME laminated composites and devices.

Magnetic domain structure, crystal orientation, and magnetostriction of Tb{sub 0.27}Dy{sub 0.73}Fe{sub 1.95} solidified in various high magnetic fields

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gao, Pengfei [Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Liu, Tie, E-mail: liutie@epm.neu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Dong, Meng [Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Yuan, Yi [School of Materials and Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China); Wang, Qiang [Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819 (China)

2016-03-01

In this paper, we studied how applying a high magnetic field during solidification of Tb{sub 0.27}Dy{sub 0.73}Fe{sub 1.95} alloys affected their magnetic domain structure, crystal orientation, and magnetostriction. We observed the morphology of the magnetic domain during solidification, finding it change with the applied field: from fiber like (0 T) to dot like and closure mixed (4.4 T) to fiber like (8.8 T) to fishbone like (11.5 T). The alloy solidified at 4.4 T showed the best contrast of light and dark in its domain image, widest magnetic domain, fastest magnetization, and highest magnetostriction; this alloy is followed in descending order by the alloys solidified at 11.5 T, 8.8 T, and 0 T. The orientation of the (Tb, Dy)Fe{sub 2} phase changed with magnetic field from random (0 T) to 〈111〉 (4.4 T) to 〈113〉 (8.8 T) to 〈110〉 (11.5 T). The improvement in magnetostriction was likely caused by modification of both the magnetization process and the alloy microstructure. - Highlights: • We present how magnetic field affects magnetic domain structure of Tb{sub 0.27}Dy{sub 0.73}Fe{sub 1.95}. • Morphology and width of magnetic domain change with increasing magnetic field. • Magnetization and magnetostriction of alloy change with increasing magnetic field. • A transformation of random–〈111〉–〈113〉–〈110〉 for (Tb, Dy)Fe{sub 2} orientation forms.

Magnetostrictive hypersound generation by spiral magnets in the vicinity of magnetic field induced phase transition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bychkov, Igor V. [Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Br. Kashirinykh Str., Chelyabinsk 454001 (Russian Federation); South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080 (Russian Federation); Kuzmin, Dmitry A., E-mail: kuzminda@csu.ru [Chelyabinsk State University, 129 Br. Kashirinykh Str., Chelyabinsk 454001 (Russian Federation); South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Prospekt, Chelyabinsk 454080 (Russian Federation); Kamantsev, Alexander P.; Koledov, Victor V.; Shavrov, Vladimir G. [Kotelnikov Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics of RAS, Mokhovaya Street 11-7, Moscow 125009 (Russian Federation)

2016-11-01

In present work we have investigated magnetostrictive ultrasound generation by spiral magnets in the vicinity of magnetic field induced phase transition from spiral to collinear state. We found that such magnets may generate transverse sound waves with the wavelength equal to the spiral period. We have examined two types of spiral magnetic structures: with inhomogeneous exchange and Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions. Frequency of the waves from exchange-caused spiral magnetic structure may reach some THz, while in case of Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction-caused spiral it may reach some GHz. These waves will be emitted like a sound pulses. Amplitude of the waves is strictly depends on the phase transition speed. Some aspects of microwaves to hypersound transformation by spiral magnets in the vicinity of phase transition have been investigated as well. Results of the work may be interesting for investigation of phase transition kinetics as well, as for various hypersound applications. - Highlights: • Magnetostrictive ultrasound generation by spiral magnets at phase transition (PT) is studied. • Spiral magnets during PT may generate transverse sound with wavelength equal to spiral period. • Amplitude of the sound is strictly depends on the phase transition speed. • Microwave-to-sound transformation in the vicinity of PT is investigated as well.

Application of a Magnetostrictive Guided wave Technique to Monitor the Evolution of Defect Signals

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cheong, Yong-Moo; Oh, Se-Beom; Lee, Duck-Hyun [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2015-10-15

An advantage of a magnetostrictive strip transducer for a long-range guided wave inspection is that wave patterns are clear and simple when compared to a conventional piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer. Therefore, if we can characterize the evolution of defect signals, it could be a promising tool for a structural health monitoring of pipes for a long period of time as well as an identification of flaw. Of course, when evaluating a signal during a realistic field examination, it should be careful because of some spurious signals or false indications, such as signals due to a directionality, multiple reflections, mode conversion, geometrical reflections etc. Therefore, the different frequency components of the guided waves will travel at different speeds and the shape of the received signal will changed as it propagates along the pipe. Once the magnetostrictive sensors are attached in the pipe permanently and the signal shape and phase can be compared to the signals before and after, we can monitor the evolution of the flow for the given period. We developed a program to subtract the guided wave signal. The program has a capability of adjusting the time scale and can minimize the noise level after subtraction. By applying the newly developed program, a notch with 2% of CSA can be detected with increased accuracy with noise reduction.

Anisotropy, magnetostriction and local chemical order in amorphous TbxFe1-x (0.1

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hernando, A.; Prados, C.; Prieto, C.

1996-01-01

Local chemical order in amorphous TbFe thin films has been investigated in a variety of compositions, using EXAFS, magnetostriction and anisotropy measurements. Data reported here are consistent with a density of Fe-Tb pairs in the film plane larger than in the perpendicular direction. (orig.)

Flux-pinning-induced stress and magnetostriction in bulk superconductors

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Johansen, Tom H.

2000-01-01

The development of bulk high-temperature superconductors (HTSs) and their applications has today come to a point where the mechanical response to high magnetic fields may be more important than their critical-current density and large-grain property. Reviewed in this article are the recent studies of the magneto-elastic effects which are caused by flux pinning in the superconductors. This includes the work on the giant irreversible magnetostriction and internal stress, which often cause fatal cracking of the HTS bulks as they become magnetized. The cracking is a problem that today accompanies the quest for the highest trapped field values, and the latest development in this area is also presented. While the first part is an overview of experimental efforts, the second summarizes the work done to model the pinning-induced stress and strain under various magnetic and geometrical conditions. (author)

Design and modeling of a hydraulically amplified magnetostrictive actuator for automotive engine mounts

Science.gov (United States)

Chakrabarti, Suryarghya; Dapino, Marcelo J.

2009-03-01

A bidirectional magnetostrictive actuator with millimeter stroke and a blocked force of few tens of Newtons has been developed based on a Terfenol-D driver and a simple hydraulic magnification stage. The actuator is compared with an electrodynamic actuator used in active powertrain mounts in terms of electrical power consumption, frequency bandwidth, and spectral content of the response. The measurements show that the actuator has a flat free-displacement and blocked-force response up to 200 Hz, suggesting a significantly broader frequency bandwidth than commercial electromagnetic actuators while drawing comparable amounts of power.

Temperature dependence of the magnetostriction in polycrystalline PrFe1.9 and TbFe2 alloys: Experiment and theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tang, Y. M.; Chen, L. Y.; Huang, H. F.; Xia, W. B.; Zhang, S. Y.; Wei, J.; Tang, S. L.; Du, Y. W.; Zhang, L.

2014-01-01

A remarkable magnetostriction λ 111 as large as 6700 ppm was found at 70 K in PrFe 1.9 alloy. This value is even larger than the theoretical maximum of 5600 ppm estimated by the Steven's equivalent operator method. The temperature dependence of λ 111 for PrFe 1.9 and TbFe 2 alloys follows well with the single-ion theory rule, which yields giant estimated λ 111 values of about 8000 and 4200 ppm for PrFe 1.9 and TbFe 2 alloys, respectively, at 0 K. The easy magnetization direction of PrFe 1.9 changes from [111] to [100] as temperature decreases, which leads to the abnormal decrease of the magnetostriction λ. The rare earth sublattice moment increases sharply in PrFe 1.9 alloy with decreasing temperature, resulting in the remarkably largest estimated value of λ 111 at 0 K according to the single-ion theory

Progress towards developing neutron tolerant magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers

Science.gov (United States)

Reinhardt, Brian; Tittmann, Bernhard; Rempe, Joy; Daw, Joshua; Kohse, Gordon; Carpenter, David; Ames, Michael; Ostrovsky, Yakov; Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Montgomery, Robert; Chien, Hualte; Wernsman, Bernard

2015-03-01

Current generation light water reactors (LWRs), sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs), small modular reactors (SMRs), and next generation nuclear plants (NGNPs) produce harsh environments in and near the reactor core that can severely tax material performance and limit component operational life. To address this issue, several Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) research programs are evaluating the long duration irradiation performance of fuel and structural materials used in existing and new reactors. In order to maximize the amount of information obtained from Material Testing Reactor (MTR) irradiations, DOE is also funding development of enhanced instrumentation that will be able to obtain in-situ, real-time data on key material characteristics and properties, with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Such data are required to validate new multi-scale, multi-physics modeling tools under development as part of a science-based, engineering driven approach to reactor development. It is not feasible to obtain high resolution/microscale data with the current state of instrumentation technology. However, ultrasound-based sensors offer the ability to obtain such data if it is demonstrated that these sensors and their associated transducers are resistant to high neutron flux, high gamma radiation, and high temperature. To address this need, the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR-NSUF) is funding an irradiation, led by PSU, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor to test the survivability of ultrasound transducers. As part of this effort, PSU and collaborators have designed, fabricated, and provided piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are optimized to perform in harsh, high flux, environments. Four piezoelectric transducers were fabricated with either aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, or bismuth titanate as the active element that were coupled to either Kovar or aluminum waveguides and two

Progress towards developing neutron tolerant magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Reinhardt, Brian; Tittmann, Bernhard [The Pennsylvania State University (United States); Rempe, Joy; Daw, Joshua [Idaho National Laboratory (United States); Kohse, Gordon; Carpenter, David; Ames, Michael; Ostrovsky, Yakov [Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States); Ramuhalli, Pradeep; Montgomery, Robert [Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (United States); Chien, Hualte [Argonne National Laboratory (United States); Wernsman, Bernard [Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corp (United States)

2015-03-31

Current generation light water reactors (LWRs), sodium cooled fast reactors (SFRs), small modular reactors (SMRs), and next generation nuclear plants (NGNPs) produce harsh environments in and near the reactor core that can severely tax material performance and limit component operational life. To address this issue, several Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) research programs are evaluating the long duration irradiation performance of fuel and structural materials used in existing and new reactors. In order to maximize the amount of information obtained from Material Testing Reactor (MTR) irradiations, DOE is also funding development of enhanced instrumentation that will be able to obtain in-situ, real-time data on key material characteristics and properties, with unprecedented accuracy and resolution. Such data are required to validate new multi-scale, multi-physics modeling tools under development as part of a science-based, engineering driven approach to reactor development. It is not feasible to obtain high resolution/microscale data with the current state of instrumentation technology. However, ultrasound-based sensors offer the ability to obtain such data if it is demonstrated that these sensors and their associated transducers are resistant to high neutron flux, high gamma radiation, and high temperature. To address this need, the Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR-NSUF) is funding an irradiation, led by PSU, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor to test the survivability of ultrasound transducers. As part of this effort, PSU and collaborators have designed, fabricated, and provided piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers that are optimized to perform in harsh, high flux, environments. Four piezoelectric transducers were fabricated with either aluminum nitride, zinc oxide, or bismuth titanate as the active element that were coupled to either Kovar or aluminum waveguides and two

Actuators, transducers and motors based on giant magnetostrictive materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Claeyssen, F.; Lhermet, N.; Le Letty, R. [Cedrat Recherche, Meylan (France); Bouchilloux, P. [Magsoft Corporation, 1223 People`s Avenue, New York 12180 (United States)

1997-08-01

Rare earth-iron magnetostrictive alloys, especially Terfenol-D, feature ``giant`` magnetostrains: static strains of 1000-2000 ppm and dynamic strains of 3500 ppm are reported. These strains permit building various actuating devices (actuators, transducers, motors) both at macro and micro scale. The object of the paper is to recall adapted design methods, especially finite element methods such as ATILA, and to review these different kinds of devices studied at Cedrat Recherche, providing both up-dated experimental and numerical results. The presented devices will include several large displacement longitudinal and shear actuators biased using permanent magnets and used either as characterisation devices or as electromechanical actuators (for active damping, for sonar transducers..), a 1 kHz 4 kW Tonpilz-type sonar transducer called the tripode, a 2 N m torque rotating multi-mode motor, a torsion based drift free micro actuator and a wireless linear micromotor. (orig.)

Magnetostriction-strain-induced enhancement and modulation of photovoltaic performance in Si-p-n/TbxDy1-xFe2 composite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu, Zheng; Zhang, Yihe; Fang, Cong; Ma, Ke; Lin, He; Jia, Yanmin; Chen, Jianrong; Wang, Yu; Chan, Helen Lai Wa

2014-01-01

High photovoltaic efficiency is a key index in the application of silicon (Si) solar cells. In this study, a composite of a photovoltaic Si p-n junction solar cell and a magnetostrictive Tb x Dy 1-x Fe 2 alloy was fabricated. By utilizing the magnetostrictive strain to modulate the energy bandgap of Si, the open-circuit voltage and the maximum photovoltaic output power of the Si p-n junction solar cell could be enhanced by ∝12% and 9.1% under a dc magnetic field of ∝250 mT, respectively. The significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance and the simple fabrication process make the Si-p-n/Tb x Dy 1-x Fe 2 composite a promising material for high-efficiency solar cell devices. The structure of the proposed Si-p-n/Tb x Dy 1-x Fe 2 laminated composite. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Structure and Phase Transformation in the Giant Magnetostriction Laves-Phase SmFe₂

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Xiaonan; Lin, Kun; Gao, Qilong; Zhu, He; Li, Qiang; Cao, Yili; Liu, Zhanning; You, Li; Chen, Jun; Ren, Yang [Argonne National Laboratory, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; Huang, Rongjin [Key Laboratory; Lapidus, Saul H. [Argonne National Laboratory, X-Ray Science Division, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States; Xing, Xianran

2017-10-13

As one class of the most important intermetallic compounds, the binary Laves-phase is well-known for their abundant magnetic properties. Samarium-iron alloy system, SmFe₂, is a prototypical Laves compound that shows strong negative magnetostriction but relatively weak magnetocrystalline anisotropy. SmFe₂ has been identified as a cubic Fd$ \\overline{3}\\ $m structure at room temperature, however, the cubic symmetry does not match the spontaneous magnetization along the [111]_cubic direction. Here we studied the crystal structure of SmFe₂ by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray total scattering methods. SmFe₂ is found to adopt a centrosymmetric trigonal R$ \\overline{3}\\ $m structure at room temperature, which transforms to an orthorhombic Imma structure at 200 K. This transition is in agreement with the changes of easy magnetization direction from [111]_cubic to [110]_cubic direction, and is further evidenced by the inflexion of thermal expansion behavior, the sharp decline of the magnetic susceptibility in the FC-ZFC curve, and the anomaly in the specific heat capacity measurement. The revised structure and phase transformation of SmFe₂ could be useful to understand the magnetostriction and related physical properties of other RM₂-type pseudo-cubic Laves-phase intermetallic compounds.

Powder metallurgical processing of magnetostrictive materials based on rare earth-iron intermetallic compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malekzadeh, M.

1978-01-01

Procedures are described for fabrication of high density rare earth-iron magnetostrictive compounds by powder metallurgical techniques. The fabrication involves a sequence of steps which includes preparing the pre-alloyed compounds, pulverizing them into a fine powder, compacting in suitable sizes and shapes, and sintering. Samples prepared by these procedures are carefully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, dilatometry, and magnetic measurements. Process steps are found to exert important influences upon densities, microstructure and magnetic properties attained after densification. Investigations on a number of these process steps, including milling time and medium, sintering, and magnetic powder alignment are described

Further results on open-loop compensation of rate-dependent hysteresis in a magnetostrictive actuator with the Prandtl-Ishlinskii model

Science.gov (United States)

Al Janaideh, Mohammad; Aljanaideh, Omar

2018-05-01

Apart from the output-input hysteresis loops, the magnetostrictive actuators also exhibit asymmetry and saturation, particularly under moderate to large magnitude inputs and at relatively higher frequencies. Such nonlinear input-output characteristics could be effectively characterized by a rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii model in conjunction with a function of deadband operators. In this study, an inverse model is formulated to seek real-time compensation of rate-dependent and asymmetric hysteresis nonlinearities of a Terfenol-D magnetostrictive actuator. The inverse model is formulated with the inverse of the rate-dependent Prandtl-Ishlinskii model, satisfying the threshold dilation condition, with the inverse of the deadband function. The inverse model was subsequently applied to the hysteresis model as a feedforward compensator. The proposed compensator is applied as a feedforward compensator to the actuator hardware to study its potential for rate-dependent and asymmetric hysteresis loops. The experimental results are obtained under harmonic and complex harmonic inputs further revealed that the inverse compensator can substantially suppress the hysteresis and output asymmetry nonlinearities in the entire frequency range considered in the study.

Research of Jiles-Atherton Dynamic Model in Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yongguang Liu

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Due to the existence of multicoupled nonlinear factors in the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA, building precise mathematical model is highly important to study GMA’s characteristics and control strategies. Minor hysteresis loops near the bias magnetic field would be often applied because of its relatively good linearity. Load, friction, and disc spring stiffness seriously affect the output characteristics of the GMA in high frequency. Therefore, the current-displacement dynamic minor loops mathematical model coupling of electric-magnetic-machine is established according to Jiles-Atherton (J-A dynamic model of hysteresis material, GMA structural dynamic equation, Ampere loop circuit law, and nonlinear piezomagnetic equation and demonstrates its correctness and effectiveness in the experiments. Finally, some laws are achieved between key structural parameters and output characteristics of GMA, which provides important theoretical foundation for structural design.

The multimodal magnetoelectric effect in the ring-shaped magnetostrictive-piezoelectric bulk composites

Science.gov (United States)

Radchenko, G. S.; Filippov, D. A.; Laletin, V. M.

2015-11-01

The theoretical and experimental investigation of the direct magnetoelectric effect in the ring-type structures made of the bulk magnetostrictive-piezoelectric composites has been presented. The analytical expression for the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient has been obtained using the effective parameters method. The frequency dependence of this parameter is also analyzed. The dependence of the resonant frequency and the amplitude of this effect of the geometrical parameters of the ring for the first and second oscillation modes are presented. The experimental investigation of the direct magnetoelectric effect for the ring-type composite specimens consisting of the nickel ferrite spinel-PZT bulk composite is done. The obtained experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

Tunability of band structures in a two-dimensional magnetostrictive phononic crystal plate with stress and magnetic loadings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Shunzu; Shi, Yang [Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China attached to the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 (China); Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 (China); Gao, Yuanwen, E-mail: ywgao@lzu.edu.cn [Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China attached to the Ministry of Education of China, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 (China); Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000 (China)

2017-03-26

Considering the magneto-mechanical coupling of magnetostrictive material, the tunability of in-plane wave propagation in two-dimensional Terfenol-D/epoxy phononic crystal (PC) plate is investigated theoretically by the plane wave expansion method. Two Schemes, i.e. magnetic field is rotated in x–y plane and x–z plane, are studied, respectively. The effects of amplitude and direction of magnetic field, pre-stress and geometric parameters are discussed. For Scheme-I, band gap reaches the maximum at an optimal angle 45° of magnetic field. However, the optimal angle is 0° for Scheme-II, because band gap decreases monotonically until disappears with the increasing angle. For both cases, higher-order band gaps generate and become stronger as magnetic field amplitude increases, while increasing compressive pre-stress has the opposite effect. Meanwhile, filling fraction plays a key role in controlling band gaps. These results provide possibility for intelligent regulation and optimal design of PC plates. - Highlights: • The in-plane wave propagation in phononic crystal thin plate is tuned theoretically. • Magnetostrictive material is introduced in the study. • The effects of magnetic field and pre-stress are considered. • The variations of band gaps with external stimuli are discussed.

Magnetostrictive device for high-temperature sound and vibration measurement in nuclear power stations

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hans, R.; Podgorski, J.

1977-01-01

The demands on the monitoring systems in nuclear power stations are increasing continuously, not only because of more stringent safety requirements but also for reasons of plant availability and thus economic efficiency. The noise and vibration measurements which therefore have to be taken make it necessary to provide measuring devices with a high degree of efficiency, adequate sensitivity and resistance to high temperatures, radiation and corrosion. Probes using the magnetostrictive effect, whereby a ferromagnetic core changes its length in a magnetic field - a phenomenon which has been known for approximately fifty years - fulfill all the conditions for application in nuclear power stations. (orig.) [de

Spin-phonon and magnetostriction phenomena in CaMn7O12 helimagnet probed by Raman spectroscopy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nonato, A.; Araujo, B. S.; Ayala, A. P.; Maciel, A. P.; Yanez-Vilar, S.; Sanchez-Andujar, M.; Senaris-Rodriguez, M. A.; Paschoal, C. W. A.

2014-01-01

In this letter, we investigated the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of CaMn 7 O 12 helimagnet from room temperature down to 10 K. The temperature dependence of the Raman mode parameters shows remarkable anomalies for both antiferromagnetic and incommensurate transitions that this compound undergoes at low temperatures. The anomalies observed at the magnetic ordering transition indicate a spin-phonon coupling at higher-temperature magnetic transition in this material, while a magnetostriction effect at the lower-temperature magnetic transition

Elastic properties of magnetostrictive rare-earth-iron alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Cullen, J.R.; Blessing, G.; Rinaldi, S.

1978-01-01

The elastic properties of certain magnetostrictive rare-earth-iron alloys, namely polycrystalline Tbsub(0.3)Dysub(0.7)Fesub(2), Smsub(0.88)Dysub(0.12)Fesub(2)and amorphous TbFesub(2), were investigated ultrasonically. In all cases two shear waves were observed propagating simultaneously when a magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the direction of propagation. A model to explain this behaviour, based on magnetic-elastic coupling within local regions of these disordered materials, is developed and discussed in two limiting cases: (i) strongly coupled regions for which an effective isotropic magneto-elastic coupling is appropriate, and (ii) materials for which the elastic properties of the conglomerate are determined by averaging over those of independent regions. Experimental results up to fields of 25 kOe on the alloys mentioned above are exhibited and compared with the limiting cases (i) and (ii). In the case of polycrystalline Tbsub(0.3)Dysub(0.7)Fesub(2) further comparison is made between the determination of the magneto-elastic coupling constants using this model and the determination by using the results of a previous single-crystal study. (author)

Effect of single-particle magnetostriction on the shear modulus of compliant magnetoactive elastomers

Science.gov (United States)

Kalita, Viktor M.; Snarskii, Andrei A.; Shamonin, Mikhail; Zorinets, Denis

2017-03-01

The influence of an external magnetic field on the static shear strain and the effective shear modulus of a magnetoactive elastomer (MAE) is studied theoretically in the framework of a recently introduced approach to the single-particle magnetostriction mechanism [V. M. Kalita et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 062503 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.062503]. The planar problem of magnetostriction in an MAE with magnetically soft inclusions in the form of a thin disk (platelet) having the magnetic anisotropy in the plane of this disk is solved analytically. An external magnetic field acts with torques on magnetic filler particles, creates mechanical stresses in the vicinity of inclusions, induces shear strain, and increases the effective shear modulus of these composite materials. It is shown that the largest effect of the magnetic field on the effective shear modulus should be expected in MAEs with soft elastomer matrices, where the shear modulus of the matrix is less than the magnetic anisotropy constant of inclusions. It is derived that the effective shear modulus is nonlinearly dependent on the external magnetic field and approaches the saturation value in magnetic fields exceeding the field of particle anisotropy. It is shown that model calculations of the effective shear modulus correspond to a phenomenological definition of effective elastic moduli and magnetoelastic coupling constants. The obtained theoretical results compare well with known experimental data. Determination of effective elastic coefficients in MAEs and their dependence on magnetic field is discussed. The concentration dependence of the effective shear modulus at higher filler concentrations has been estimated using the method of Padé approximants, which predicts that both the absolute and relative changes of the magnetic-field-dependent effective shear modulus will significantly increase with the growing concentration of filler particles.

New Structure Design and Simulation of Brake by Wire System Based on Giant-magnetostrictive Material

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Changbao CHU

2014-04-01

Full Text Available Existing electronic mechanical brake by wire system has several disadvantages. For instance, system actuators are complex, response speed slower, larger vibration noise, etc. This paper discusses a new type brake by wire system based on giant-magnetostrictive material. The new type brake by wire system model was set up under Matlab/Simulink software environment. PID control method was used to control the brake by wire system. Simulation results shows that the new type brake by wire system achieves better braking performance compared with hydraulic braking system. This work provides a new idea for researching automobile brake by wire system.

Bias Magnetic Field of Stack Giant Magnetostrictive Actuator: Design, Analysis, and Optimization

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Zhaoshu Yang

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Many novel applications using giant magnetostrictive actuators (GMA require their actuators output bidirectional strokes to be large enough to drive the load. In these cases, the sophisticated method to form such a sufficient bias field with minimum power and bulk consumption should be considered in the principal stage of GMA design. This paper concerns the methodology of bias field design for a specific GMA with stack PMs and GMMs (SGMA: both loop and field models for its bias field are established; the optimization method for given SGMA structure is outlined; a prototype is fabricated to verify the theory. Simulation and test results indicate that the bias field could be exerted more easily using SGMA structure; the modeling and optimization methodology for SGMA is valid in practical design.

Non-contact translation-rotation sensor using combined effects of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Bintang; Liu, Qingwei; Zhang, Ting; Cao, Yudong; Feng, Zhiqiang; Meng, Guang

2012-10-15

Precise displacement sensors are an important topic in precision engineering. At present, this type of sensors typically have a single feature of either translation or rotation measurement. They are also inconvenient to integrate with the host devices. In this report we propose a new kind of sensor that enables both translation and rotation measurement by using the combined effect of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity. As a proof of concept, we experimentally realized a prototype of non-contact translation-rotation precise sensor. In the current research stage, through both theoretical and experimental study, the non-contact displacement sensor is shown to be feasible for measuring both translation and rotation either in coarse or fine measurement. Moreover, owing to its compact, rigid structure and fewer components, it can be easily embedded in host equipment.

Non-Contact Translation-Rotation Sensor Using Combined Effects of Magnetostriction and Piezoelectricity

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guang Meng

2012-10-01

Full Text Available Precise displacement sensors are an important topic in precision engineering. At present, this type of sensors typically have a single feature of either translation or rotation measurement. They are also inconvenient to integrate with the host devices. In this report we propose a new kind of sensor that enables both translation and rotation measurement by using the combined effect of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity. As a proof of concept, we experimentally realized a prototype of non-contact translation-rotation precise sensor. In the current research stage, through both theoretical and experimental study, the non-contact displacement sensor is shown to be feasible for measuring both translation and rotation either in coarse or fine measurement. Moreover, owing to its compact, rigid structure and fewer components, it can be easily embedded in host equipment.

Analysis and Optimization for Uniformity of Magnetic Field Driving the Giant Magnetostriction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wang, L; Ye, H; Liu, Y T; Yao, S M

2006-01-01

Giant magnetostriction actuator based on material Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2 and electromagnetic transform has characteristics of high frequency response, large output power and etc, but it has a high demand for the uniformity of magnetic field driver and magnetic intensity. Object to the problem, a multi-scale external concavity structure is proposed, by means of inducting the hollow column coil structure, building the model of coil magnetic distribution and analyzing by finite element analysis method. The analysis results show that uniformity of the model magnetic field is dependent upon magnetic intensity and scales, and the boundary condition of material. As the scale increases, magnetic uniformity is enhanced, but the magnetic intensity is decreased. Taking consideration both of magnetic field distribution and magnetic intensity, threescale structure is determined as optimum structure

Magnetostriction-strain-induced enhancement and modulation of photovoltaic performance in Si-p-n/Tb{sub x}Dy{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 2} composite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wu, Zheng [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing (China); Department of Physics and College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua (China); Zhang, Yihe [School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing (China); Fang, Cong; Ma, Ke; Lin, He; Jia, Yanmin; Chen, Jianrong [Department of Physics and College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua (China); Wang, Yu; Chan, Helen Lai Wa [Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (China)

2014-03-15

High photovoltaic efficiency is a key index in the application of silicon (Si) solar cells. In this study, a composite of a photovoltaic Si p-n junction solar cell and a magnetostrictive Tb{sub x}Dy{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 2} alloy was fabricated. By utilizing the magnetostrictive strain to modulate the energy bandgap of Si, the open-circuit voltage and the maximum photovoltaic output power of the Si p-n junction solar cell could be enhanced by ∝12% and 9.1% under a dc magnetic field of ∝250 mT, respectively. The significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance and the simple fabrication process make the Si-p-n/Tb{sub x}Dy{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 2} composite a promising material for high-efficiency solar cell devices. The structure of the proposed Si-p-n/Tb{sub x}Dy{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 2} laminated composite. (copyright 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Comparative study of thermal stability of magnetostrictive biosensor between two kinds of biorecognition elements

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ye, Xue-mei [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China); Guntupalli, R.; Lakshmanan, R.S.; Chin, Bryan A. [Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, AL 36849 (United States); Hu, Jing, E-mail: jinghoo@126.com [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164 (China); Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, AL 36849 (United States)

2014-08-01

Magnetostrictive biosensors specific to Salmonella typhimurium were prepared by immobilizing antibody or phage as biorecognition elements onto the magnetostrictive sensor platform. The sensors were stored at temperatures of 25 °C (room temperature), 45 °C and 65 °C, respectively, and the ability to bind S. typhimurium was detected by testing the resonant frequency shift using a HP network analyzer after exposure to 1 mL of 1 × 10{sup 9} cfu/mL of S. typhimurium at a predetermined schedule. The binding of S. typhimurium to biosensors was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that there existed an initial sudden drop in the average density of S. typhimurium bound to the biosensor surface versus duration at different temperatures for the two kinds of recognition elements, and the binding ability to S. typhimurium of phage-immobilized biosensors was much better than that of antibody-immobilized biosensors, with longevity longer than 30 days at all tested temperatures, though decreasing gradually over the testing period. While the longevity of antibody-immobilized biosensors was only about 30, 8 and 5 days at room temperature (25 °C), 45 °C and 65 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the activation energy of the two kinds of biosensors was investigated, and it was found that phage immobilized sensors showed much higher activation energy than antibody immobilized sensors, which resulted in less dependency on temperature and thus having much better thermal stability than antibody immobilized sensors. - Highlights: • Phage immobilized biosensors has much better thermal stability. • The longevity of phage immobilized biosensors was longer than 30 days even at 65 °C. • The activation energy of phage immobilized biosensors is much higher.

Comparative study of thermal stability of magnetostrictive biosensor between two kinds of biorecognition elements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ye, Xue-mei; Guntupalli, R.; Lakshmanan, R.S.; Chin, Bryan A.; Hu, Jing

2014-01-01

Magnetostrictive biosensors specific to Salmonella typhimurium were prepared by immobilizing antibody or phage as biorecognition elements onto the magnetostrictive sensor platform. The sensors were stored at temperatures of 25 °C (room temperature), 45 °C and 65 °C, respectively, and the ability to bind S. typhimurium was detected by testing the resonant frequency shift using a HP network analyzer after exposure to 1 mL of 1 × 10 9 cfu/mL of S. typhimurium at a predetermined schedule. The binding of S. typhimurium to biosensors was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that there existed an initial sudden drop in the average density of S. typhimurium bound to the biosensor surface versus duration at different temperatures for the two kinds of recognition elements, and the binding ability to S. typhimurium of phage-immobilized biosensors was much better than that of antibody-immobilized biosensors, with longevity longer than 30 days at all tested temperatures, though decreasing gradually over the testing period. While the longevity of antibody-immobilized biosensors was only about 30, 8 and 5 days at room temperature (25 °C), 45 °C and 65 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the activation energy of the two kinds of biosensors was investigated, and it was found that phage immobilized sensors showed much higher activation energy than antibody immobilized sensors, which resulted in less dependency on temperature and thus having much better thermal stability than antibody immobilized sensors. - Highlights: • Phage immobilized biosensors has much better thermal stability. • The longevity of phage immobilized biosensors was longer than 30 days even at 65 °C. • The activation energy of phage immobilized biosensors is much higher

Liquid pressure wireless sensor based on magnetostrictive microwires for applications in cardiovascular localized diagnostic

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

A. M. Aragón

2015-08-01

Full Text Available In this letter, we report a method to measure changes in a fluid pressure, flowing through a flexible pipeline, by means of a ring of magnetic microwire concentric to the pipeline. The detection is based on the modulated scattering of electromagnetic waves by the magnetoelastic ring. This modulation is driven by applying a low frequency bias magnetic field able to tune the magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetic microwire. Pressure detection, by means of magnetic permeability changes, is possible due to the magnetostrictive character of the sample. The experimental work developed has, also, allowed fluid pressure detection in a hydraulic circuit connected to ventricular assist system where a fluid with a viscosity close to blood flows.

Design and Experimental Research of New Type Brake by Wire System Based on Giant-magnetostrictive Material

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Changbao CHU

2014-04-01

Full Text Available In this paper, H type brake by wire system based on giant-magnetostrictive material is designed from two aspects of hardware and software. System principle prototype is manufactured. Hardware circuit mainly includes the Sepic circuit, current detection circuit, over current protection circuit, PWM driver protection circuit. Circuit parameters can be obtained through by theoretical calculation. Pedal sensor signal is taken as main control variable, look-up table method is used for brake by wire system. The experimental results show that the system can meet the braking requirements. It proves the feasibility of the scheme.

Theory of magnetostriction of electron-hole drops in Ge

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markiewicz, R.S.

1978-01-01

A large mass of electron-hole liquid (γ drop) formed in a strain-induced potential well in Ge is known to distort its shape significantly in a magnetic field B > or approx. = 1 kG. It is shown in this paper that the shape change can be understood in detail as due to a ''recombination current'' of electron-hole pairs needed to replace those pairs which recombine in the drop volume. The Lorentz force deflects this current and produces a macroscopic dipole current loop inside the drop. The drop then changes shape to minimize its total energy, including magnetic, strain, and surface energies. While the drop usually flattens along the field direction, both para- and diamagnetic effects (elongated drops) are found to be possible, depending on excitation conditions, in accord with experiment. Similar effects are predicted to occur in small drops in unstrained Ge. This paper presents a magnetohydrodynamic theory of the magnetostriction which takes into account density variations which occur in the strain well and in high magnetic fields. A simpler theory is given for the special case in which the drop may be considered incompressible (small drops and moderate fields). Effects of carrier mass anisotropy and fluid viscosity are taken into consideration

Parameter identification based on modified simulated annealing differential evolution algorithm for giant magnetostrictive actuator

Science.gov (United States)

Gao, Xiaohui; Liu, Yongguang

2018-01-01

There is a serious nonlinear relationship between input and output in the giant magnetostrictive actuator (GMA) and how to establish mathematical model and identify its parameters is very important to study characteristics and improve control accuracy. The current-displacement model is firstly built based on Jiles-Atherton (J-A) model theory, Ampere loop theorem and stress-magnetism coupling model. And then laws between unknown parameters and hysteresis loops are studied to determine the data-taking scope. The modified simulated annealing differential evolution algorithm (MSADEA) is proposed by taking full advantage of differential evolution algorithm's fast convergence and simulated annealing algorithm's jumping property to enhance the convergence speed and performance. Simulation and experiment results shows that this algorithm is not only simple and efficient, but also has fast convergence speed and high identification accuracy.

Experimental study and analytical model of deformation of magnetostrictive films as applied to mirrors for x-ray space telescopes.

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Xiaoli; Knapp, Peter; Vaynman, S; Graham, M E; Cao, Jian; Ulmer, M P

2014-09-20

The desire for continuously gaining new knowledge in astronomy has pushed the frontier of engineering methods to deliver lighter, thinner, higher quality mirrors at an affordable cost for use in an x-ray observatory. To address these needs, we have been investigating the application of magnetic smart materials (MSMs) deposited as a thin film on mirror substrates. MSMs have some interesting properties that make the application of MSMs to mirror substrates a promising solution for making the next generation of x-ray telescopes. Due to the ability to hold a shape with an impressed permanent magnetic field, MSMs have the potential to be the method used to make light weight, affordable x-ray telescope mirrors. This paper presents the experimental setup for measuring the deformation of the magnetostrictive bimorph specimens under an applied magnetic field, and the analytical and numerical analysis of the deformation. As a first step in the development of tools to predict deflections, we deposited Terfenol-D on the glass substrates. We then made measurements that were compared with the results from the analytical and numerical analysis. The surface profiles of thin-film specimens were measured under an external magnetic field with white light interferometry (WLI). The analytical model provides good predictions of film deformation behavior under various magnetic field strengths. This work establishes a solid foundation for further research to analyze the full three-dimensional deformation behavior of magnetostrictive thin films.

Tunnel Magnetoresistance Sensors with Magnetostrictive Electrodes: Strain Sensors.

Science.gov (United States)

Tavassolizadeh, Ali; Rott, Karsten; Meier, Tobias; Quandt, Eckhard; Hölscher, Hendrik; Reiss, Günter; Meyners, Dirk

2016-11-11

Magnetostrictive tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors pose a bright perspective in micro- and nano-scale strain sensing technology. The behavior of TMR sensors under mechanical stress as well as their sensitivity to the applied stress depends on the magnetization configuration of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ)s with respect to the stress axis. Here, we propose a configuration resulting in an inverse effect on the tunnel resistance by tensile and compressive stresses. Numerical simulations, based on a modified Stoner-Wohlfarth (SW) model, are performed in order to understand the magnetization reversal of the sense layer and to find out the optimum bias magnetic field required for high strain sensitivity. At a bias field of -3.2 kA/m under a 0.2 × 10 - 3 strain, gauge factors of 2294 and -311 are calculated under tensile and compressive stresses, respectively. Modeling results are investigated experimentally on a round junction with a diameter of 30 ± 0.2 μ m using a four-point bending apparatus. The measured field and strain loops exhibit nearly the same trends as the calculated ones. Also, the gauge factors are in the same range. The junction exhibits gauge factors of 2150 ± 30 and -260 for tensile and compressive stresses, respectively, under a -3.2 kA/m bias magnetic field. The agreement of the experimental and modeling results approves the proposed configuration for high sensitivity and ability to detect both tensile and compressive stresses by a single TMR sensor.

Magnetostriction anisotropy in the rare earth RCo5 compounds on spontaneous spin-orientation phase transitions

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ahdreev, A.V.; Deryagin, A.V.; Zadvorkin, S.M.

1983-01-01

The temperature dependences of parameters a and c in the crystal lattice of RCo 5 compounds (R=Pr, Tb, Dy, Ho) are studied in an X-ray diffractometer the spin reorientation region. On the basis of these data the magnetostriction constants lambdasub(1)sup(α, 2) and lambdasub(2)sup(α, 2) are determined for temperatures corresponding to the middle of reorientation regions of the compounds mentioned above (excluding PrCo 5 ). The values of lambdasub(1)sup(α, 2) and lambdasub(2)sup(α, 2) at T=0 K are calculated on the basis of the single-ion model for all the compounds investigalted and also for some other intermetallides of the RCo 5 type in which spontaneous spin reorien tation transitions do not occur

Structural design and output characteristic analysis of magnetostrictive tactile sensor for robotic applications

Science.gov (United States)

Zheng, Wendong; Wang, Bowen; Liu, Huaping; Li, Yunkai; Zhao, Ran; Weng, Ling; Zhang, Changgeng

2018-05-01

A novel magnetostrictive tactile sensor has been designed according to the transduction mechanism of cilia and Villari effect of iron-gallium alloy. The tactile sensor consists of a Galfenol beam, a pair of permanent magnets, a Hall sensor and a signal processing system. Compared with the conventional tactile sensor, our proposed tactile sensor can not only detect the contact-force, but also sense stiffness of an object. The performance and measurement range of tactile sensor have theoretically been analyzed and experimentally investigated. The results have revealed that the sensibility of tactile sensor for sensing force is up to 22.81mV/N at applied bias magnetic field of 2.56kA/m. Moreover, the sensor can effectively discriminate objects with different stiffness. The sensor is characterized by high sensitivity, good linearity, and quick response. It has the potential of being miniaturized and integrated into the finger of a robotic hand to realize force sensing and object recognition in real-time.

Tunnel Magnetoresistance Sensors with Magnetostrictive Electrodes: Strain Sensors

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Ali Tavassolizadeh

2016-11-01

Full Text Available Magnetostrictive tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR sensors pose a bright perspective in micro- and nano-scale strain sensing technology. The behavior of TMR sensors under mechanical stress as well as their sensitivity to the applied stress depends on the magnetization configuration of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs with respect to the stress axis. Here, we propose a configuration resulting in an inverse effect on the tunnel resistance by tensile and compressive stresses. Numerical simulations, based on a modified Stoner–Wohlfarth (SW model, are performed in order to understand the magnetization reversal of the sense layer and to find out the optimum bias magnetic field required for high strain sensitivity. At a bias field of −3.2 kA/m under a 0.2 × 10 - 3 strain, gauge factors of 2294 and −311 are calculated under tensile and compressive stresses, respectively. Modeling results are investigated experimentally on a round junction with a diameter of 30 ± 0.2 μ m using a four-point bending apparatus. The measured field and strain loops exhibit nearly the same trends as the calculated ones. Also, the gauge factors are in the same range. The junction exhibits gauge factors of 2150 ± 30 and −260 for tensile and compressive stresses, respectively, under a −3.2 kA/m bias magnetic field. The agreement of the experimental and modeling results approves the proposed configuration for high sensitivity and ability to detect both tensile and compressive stresses by a single TMR sensor.

Electrical resistivity, magnetoresistance and magnetostriction of Ni81Fe19 monolithic films on SiO2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sahingoez, R.

2004-01-01

Ultra thin films of Ni 8 1Fe 1 9, 1Onm, 6nm, 5nm, 3nm and 2.5, 2nm thick have been grown on thermally oxidised Si. Pirst, the thickness dependence of electrical resistivity of Ni 8 1Fe 1 9 monolithic films was measured. It was found that the electrical resistivity was proportional to t - 4, where t indicates the thickness of the sample. Second, the magnetoresistance (MR), of the samples was plotted against applied DC magnetic field. The thickness dependence of MR was investigated. The next step was to investigate the effect of stress on MR. The aim of the final part was to show that MR values could be used to calculate the magnetostriction constant

Finite element analysis of displacement actuator based on giant magnetostrictive thin film

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Shaopeng Yu

2018-05-01

Full Text Available With the rapid development of science and technology, mechanical and electrical equipment become more and more miniature. In order to achieve precise control in less than 1cm3, the giant magnetostrictive thin film has become a research hotspot. The micro displacement actuator with planar and arc film is designed by the dynamic coupling model based on J-A model and magneto-mechanical effect method which is proposed in this paper. The different structure and thickness of films are analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics software when the current flows through driving coil. After comparing the simulation results with the test ones, it can be seen that the coupling model is accurate and the structure is reliable. At the same time, MATLAB is used to fit the current density-displacement curve and higher order equation is obtained, and then the feasibility of design can be verified. The actuator with arc structure had advantages of small volume, fast response, high precision, easy integration, etc., which has a broad application prospect in the field of vibration control, micro positioning, robot and so on.

Finite element analysis of displacement actuator based on giant magnetostrictive thin film

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Shaopeng; Wang, Bowen; Zhang, Changgeng; Cui, Baozhi

2018-05-01

With the rapid development of science and technology, mechanical and electrical equipment become more and more miniature. In order to achieve precise control in less than 1cm3, the giant magnetostrictive thin film has become a research hotspot. The micro displacement actuator with planar and arc film is designed by the dynamic coupling model based on J-A model and magneto-mechanical effect method which is proposed in this paper. The different structure and thickness of films are analyzed by COMSOL Multiphysics software when the current flows through driving coil. After comparing the simulation results with the test ones, it can be seen that the coupling model is accurate and the structure is reliable. At the same time, MATLAB is used to fit the current density-displacement curve and higher order equation is obtained, and then the feasibility of design can be verified. The actuator with arc structure had advantages of small volume, fast response, high precision, easy integration, etc., which has a broad application prospect in the field of vibration control, micro positioning, robot and so on.

Electrical percolation threshold of magnetostrictive inclusions in a piezoelectric matrix under simulated sintering conditions

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Bedard, Antoine Joseph; Barbero, Ever J.

2018-03-01

Magnetoelectric (ME) composites can be produced by embedding magnetostrictive H particles in a piezoelectric E matrix derived from a piezoelectric powder precursor. Previously, using a bi-disperse hard-shell model (Barbero and Bedard in Comput Part Mech, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40571-017-0165-4), it has been shown that the electrical percolation threshold of the conductive H phase can be increased by decreasing the piezoelectric E particle size, relative to the H phase particle size, and by increasing short-range affinity between the E and H particles. This study builds on our previous study by exploring what happens during sintering of the ME composite when either the H or E particles undergo deformation. It was found that deformation of the H particles reduces the percolation threshold, and that deformation of E particles increases inter-phase H-E mechanical coupling, thus contributing to enhancing of ME coupling.

Stress-anneal-induced magnetic anisotropy in highly textured Fe-Ga and Fe-Al magnetostrictive strips for bending-mode vibrational energy harvesters

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Jung Jin Park

2016-05-01

Full Text Available Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys are promising materials for use in bending-mode vibrational energy harvesters. For this study, 50.8 mm × 5.0 mm × 0.5 mm strips of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al were cut from 0.50-mm thick rolled sheet. An atmospheric anneal was used to develop a Goss texture through an abnormal grain growth process. The anneal lead to large (011 grains that covered over 90% of sample surface area. The resulting highly-textured Fe-Ga and Fe-Al strips exhibited saturation magnetostriction values (λsat =  λ∥ − λ⊥ of ∼280 ppm and ∼130 ppm, respectively. To maximize 90° rotation of magnetic moments during bending of the strips, we employed compressive stress annealing (SA. Samples were heated to 500°C, and a 100-150 MPa compressive stress was applied while at 500°C for 30 minutes and while being cooled. The effectiveness of the SA on magnetic moment rotation was inferred by comparing post-SA magnetostriction with the maximum possible yield of rotated magnetic moments, which is achieved when λ∥ = λsat and λ⊥ = 0. The uniformity of the SA along the sample length and the impact of the SA on sensing/energy harvesting performance were then assessed by comparing pre- and post-SA bending-stress-induced changes in magnetization at five different locations along the samples. The SA process with a 150 MPa compressive load improved Fe-Ga actuation along the sample length from 170 to 225 ppm (from ∼60% to within ∼80% of λsat. The corresponding sensing/energy harvesting performance improved by as much as a factor of eight in the best sample, however the improvement was not at all uniform along the sample length. The SA process with a 100 MPa compressive load improved Fe-Al actuation along the sample length from 60 to 73 ppm (from ∼46% to ∼56% of λsat, indicating only a marginally effective SA and suggesting the need for modification of the SA protocol. In spite of this, the SA was effective at improving the sensing

Stress-anneal-induced magnetic anisotropy in highly textured Fe-Ga and Fe-Al magnetostrictive strips for bending-mode vibrational energy harvesters

Science.gov (United States)

Park, Jung Jin; Na, Suok-Min; Raghunath, Ganesh; Flatau, Alison B.

2016-05-01

Magnetostrictive Fe-Ga and Fe-Al alloys are promising materials for use in bending-mode vibrational energy harvesters. For this study, 50.8 mm × 5.0 mm × 0.5 mm strips of Fe-Ga and Fe-Al were cut from 0.50-mm thick rolled sheet. An atmospheric anneal was used to develop a Goss texture through an abnormal grain growth process. The anneal lead to large (011) grains that covered over 90% of sample surface area. The resulting highly-textured Fe-Ga and Fe-Al strips exhibited saturation magnetostriction values (λsat = λ∥ - λ⊥) of ˜280 ppm and ˜130 ppm, respectively. To maximize 90° rotation of magnetic moments during bending of the strips, we employed compressive stress annealing (SA). Samples were heated to 500°C, and a 100-150 MPa compressive stress was applied while at 500°C for 30 minutes and while being cooled. The effectiveness of the SA on magnetic moment rotation was inferred by comparing post-SA magnetostriction with the maximum possible yield of rotated magnetic moments, which is achieved when λ∥ = λsat and λ⊥ = 0. The uniformity of the SA along the sample length and the impact of the SA on sensing/energy harvesting performance were then assessed by comparing pre- and post-SA bending-stress-induced changes in magnetization at five different locations along the samples. The SA process with a 150 MPa compressive load improved Fe-Ga actuation along the sample length from 170 to 225 ppm (from ˜60% to within ˜80% of λsat). The corresponding sensing/energy harvesting performance improved by as much as a factor of eight in the best sample, however the improvement was not at all uniform along the sample length. The SA process with a 100 MPa compressive load improved Fe-Al actuation along the sample length from 60 to 73 ppm (from ˜46% to ˜56% of λsat, indicating only a marginally effective SA and suggesting the need for modification of the SA protocol. In spite of this, the SA was effective at improving the sensing/energy harvesting

Enhanced Magnetoelectric Effect in Permendur/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 Laminated Magnetostrictive/Piezoelectric Composite

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Yanmin Jia

2015-09-01

Full Text Available In this work, after investigating three typical magneto-electric (ME composites, Permendur/Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48O3(PZT, Metglas/PZT, and Tefenol-D/PZT, with the same dimensions and different saturation magnetostriction and magnetic permeability, the most excellent ME performance is observed in the Permendur/PZT laminates, which agrees well with the predicted results from the figure of merit. The low-frequency and resonance ME coefficients of Permendur/PZT composite are ~23.1 V/Oe.cm and ~309 V/Oe.cm at the optimal dc bias magnetic field of ~250 Oe, respectively. The strong ME effect of Permendur/PZT composite gives it potential in practical magnetic sensitive device applications.

Evaluation of magnetostrictive composite coated fabric as a fragment barrier material

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Son, Kwon Joong; Fahrenthold, Eric P

2012-01-01

Over the last decade a surge in fragment barrier research has led to investigation of numerous materials and material augmentations in the attempt to improve the ballistic performance of systems designed to protect personnel, vehicles or infrastructure from impact and blast loads. One widely studied material augmentation approach is the use of coatings, often polymers, to enhance the performance of protection systems constructed from metal, concrete, composite and fabric materials. In recent research the authors have conducted the first experimental study of the ballistic performance of fabrics coated with a magnetically responsive polymer. Zero field impact experiments on coated fabric targets showed a 61% increase in impact energy dissipation, although the coated targets were not competitive with neat fabrics on a protection per unit mass basis. Under an applied field of 110 kA m −1 , the ballistic performance of the coated fabric was reduced. The reduction in performance may be attributed to a reduction in material damping and an increase in material modulus for the magnetostrictive component of the coating. Analysis of the coated fabric response to magnetic preloads suggests that coating tensile stresses and coating–fabric interface stresses induced by the applied field may also adversely affect ballistic performance. (paper)

Theory of lattice response to external magnetic field in SrCu2(BO3)2: magnetostriction driven by panthograph effect

Science.gov (United States)

Saul, Andres; Radtke, Guillaume; Jaime, Marcelo; Salamon, Myron; Dabkowska, Hanna

2015-03-01

Recent magnetostriction experiments have shown that the macroscopic physical dimensions of the Shastry-Sutherland compound SrCu2(BO3)2 change with the applied magnetic field mimicking the same complex behavior observed in the magnetization. Using Density Functional based methods we find that the driving force behind the magnetoelastic coupling is the Cu-O-Cu superexchange angle which, thanks to the orthogonal Cu2+ dimers acting as pantographs, can shrink significantly (0.44%) with minute (0.01%) variations in the lattice parameters. The consequence is a reduction of the order of ~10% in the antiferromagnetic intra-dimer exchange integral J, sufficient to compensate the elastic energy loss in the deformation.

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements on PrIr{sub 2}Zn{sub 20}

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Woerl, Andreas; Stingl, Christian; Sakai, Akito; Gegenwart, Philipp [Experimentalphysics VI, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg (Germany); Matsumoto, Keisuke T.; Onimaru, Takahiro [Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima (Japan); Takabatake, Toshiro [Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima (Japan); Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima (Japan)

2016-07-01

Strong hybridization between electric quadrupole moments and conduction electrons gives rise to interesting physical phenomena such as new quantum phases and novel metallic properties. Non-fermi-liquid behavior based on the two channel Kondo effect is predicted by theory. PrIr{sub 2}Zn{sub 20} crystallizes in the CeCr{sub 2}Al{sub 20}-type structure, where the Pr{sup 3+} ions are surrounded by the highly symmetric cubic crystal field of 16 Zn atoms. The ground state is the non-magnetic Γ{sub 3} doublet and carries only electric quadrupole and a magnetic octupole moment. At T{sub Q}=0.11 K the electric quadrupole moments order in a antiferroquadrupolar way. A superconducting transition occurs at T{sub c}=0.05 K. The phase transition at T{sub Q}=0.11 K can be suppressed by high magnetic fields parallel to the [100] direction. We investigate the thermal expansion and magnetostriction at low temperatures. By applying high magnetic fields the system is tuned towards a quadrupolar quantum critical point. Furthermore the reaction of the system on breaking the cubic symmetry by compressive stress is explored.

A feedback control system for vibration of magnetostrictive plate subjected to follower force using sinusoidal shear

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A. Ghorbanpour Arani

2016-03-01

Full Text Available In this research, the vibrational behavior of magnetostrictive plate (MsP as a smart component is studied. The plate is subjected to an external follower force and a magnetic field in which the vibration response of MsP has been investigated for both loading combinations. The velocity feedback gain parameter is evaluated to study the effect of magnetic field which is generated by the coil. Sinusoidal shear deformation theory is utilized due to its accuracy of polynomial function with respect to other plate theories. Equations of motion are derived using Hamilton’s principle and solved by differential quadrature method (DQM considering general boundary conditions. The effects of aspect ratio, thickness ratio, follower force and velocity feedback gain are investigated on the frequency response of MsP. Results indicate that magneto-mechanical coupling in MsM helps to control vibrational behaviors of systems such as electro-hydraulic actuator, wireless linear Motors and sensors.

Method of making active magnetic refrigerant, colossal magnetostriction and giant magnetoresistive materials based on Gd-Si-Ge alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Gschneidner, Jr., Karl A.; Pecharsky, Alexandra O.; Pecharsky, Vitalij K.

2003-07-08

Method of making an active magnetic refrigerant represented by Gd.sub.5 (Si.sub.x Ge.sub.1-x).sub.4 alloy for 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.1.0 comprising placing amounts of the commercially pure Gd, Si, and Ge charge components in a crucible, heating the charge contents under subambient pressure to a melting temperature of the alloy for a time sufficient to homogenize the alloy and oxidize carbon with oxygen present in the Gd charge component to reduce carbon, rapidly solidifying the alloy in the crucible, and heat treating the solidified alloy at a temperature below the melting temperature for a time effective to homogenize a microstructure of the solidified material, and then cooling sufficiently fast to prevent the eutectoid decomposition and improve magnetocaloric and/or the magnetostrictive and/or the magnetoresistive properties thereof.

Design, test and model of a hybrid magnetostrictive hydraulic actuator

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chaudhuri, Anirban; Yoo, Jin-Hyeong; Wereley, Norman M

2009-01-01

The basic operation of hybrid hydraulic actuators involves high frequency bi-directional operation of an active material that is converted to uni-directional motion of hydraulic fluid using valves. A hybrid actuator was developed using magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D as the driving element and hydraulic oil as the working fluid. Two different lengths of Terfenol-D rod, 51 and 102 mm, with the same diameter, 12.7 mm, were used. Tests with no load and with load were carried out to measure the performance for uni-directional motion of the output piston at different pumping frequencies. The maximum no-load flow rates were 24.8 cm 3 s −1 and 22.7 cm 3 s −1 with the 51 mm and 102 mm long rods respectively, and the peaks were noted around 325 Hz pumping frequency. The blocked force of the actuator was close to 89 N in both cases. A key observation was that, at these high pumping frequencies, the inertial effects of the fluid mass dominate over the viscous effects and the problem becomes unsteady in nature. In this study, we also develop a mathematical model of the hydraulic hybrid actuator in the time domain to show the basic operational principle under varying conditions and to capture phenomena affecting system performance. Governing equations for the pumping piston and output shaft were obtained from force equilibrium considerations, while compressibility of the working fluid was taken into account by incorporating the bulk modulus. Fluid inertia was represented by a lumped parameter approach to the transmission line model, giving rise to strongly coupled ordinary differential equations. The model was then used to calculate the no-load velocities of the actuator at different pumping frequencies and simulation results were compared with experimental data for model validation

Development of a novel omnidirectional magnetostrictive transducer for plate applications

Science.gov (United States)

Vinogradov, Sergey; Cobb, Adam; Bartlett, Jonathan; Udagawa, Youichi

2018-04-01

The application of guided waves for the testing of plate-type structures has been recently investigated by a number of research groups due to the ability of guided waves to detect corrosion in remote and hidden areas. Guided wave sensors for plate applications can be either directed (i.e., the waves propagate in a single direction) or omnidirectional. Each type has certain advantages and disadvantages. Omnidirectional sensors can inspect large areas from a single location, but it is challenging to define where a feature is located. Conversely, directed sensors can be used to precisely locate an indication, but have no sensitivity to flaws away from the wave propagation direction. This work describes a newly developed sensor that combines the strengths of both sensor types to create a novel omnidirectional transducer. The sensor transduction is based on a custom magnetostrictive transducer (MsT). In this new probe design, a directed, plate-application MsT with known characteristics was incorporated into an automated scanner. This scanner rotates the directed MsT for data collection at regular intervals. Coupling of the transducer to the plate is accomplished using a shear wave couplant. The array of data that is received is used for compiling B-scans and imaging, utilizing a synthetic aperture focusing algorithm (SAFT). The performance of the probe was evaluated on a 0.5-inch thick carbon steel plate mockup with a surface area of over 100 square feet. The mockup had a variety of known anomalies representing localized and distributed pitting corrosion, gradual wall thinning, and notches of different depths. Experimental data was also acquired using the new probe on a retired storage tank with known corrosion damage. The performance of the new sensor and its limitations are discussed together with general directions in technology development.

Progress in Dual (Piezoelectric-Magnetostrictive Phase Magnetoelectric Sintered Composites

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Rashed Adnan Islam

2012-01-01

Full Text Available The primary aims of this review article are (a to develop the fundamental understanding of ME behavior in perovskite piezoelectric-spinel magnetostrictive composite systems, (b to identify the role of composition, microstructural variables, phase transformations, composite geometry, and postsintering heat treatment on ME coefficient, and (c to synthesize, characterize, and utilize the high ME coefficient composite. The desired range of ME coefficient in the sintered composite is 0.5–1 V/cm⋅Oe. The studies showed that the soft piezoelectric phase quantified by smaller elastic modulus, large grain size of piezoelectric phase (~1 μm, and layered structures yields higher magnitude of ME coefficient. It is also found that postsintering thermal treatment such as annealing and aging alters the magnitude of magnetization providing an increase in the magnitude of ME coefficient. A trilayer composite was synthesized using pressure-assisted sintering with soft phase [0.9 PZT–0.1 PZN] having grain size larger than 1 μm and soft ferromagnetic phase of composition Ni0.8Cu0.2Zn0.2Fe2O4 [NCZF]. The composite showed a high ME coefficient of 412 and 494 mV/cm⋅Oe after sintering and annealing, respectively. Optimized ferrite to PZT thickness ratio was found to be 5.33, providing ME coefficient of 525 mV/cm⋅Oe. The ME coefficient exhibited orientation dependence with respect to applied magnetic field. Multilayering the PZT layer increased the magnitude of ME coefficient to 782 mV/cm⋅Oe. Piezoelectric grain texturing and nanoparticulate assembly techniques were incorporated with the layered geometry. It was found that with moderate texturing, d33 and ME coefficient reached up to 325 pC/N and 878 mV/cm⋅Oe, respectively. Nanoparticulate core shell assembly shows the promise for achieving large ME coefficient in the sintered composites. A systematic relationship between composition, microstructure, geometry, and properties is

Peak divergence in the curve of magnetoelectric coefficient versus dc bias magnetic field at resonance region for bi-layer magnetostrictive/piezoelectric composites

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Z. J. Zuo

2013-12-01

Full Text Available Magnetoelectric (ME coefficient dependence on the bias magnetic field at resonance frequencies for the bi-layered bonded Terfenol-D/Pb(Zr,TiO3 composite was investigated. The resonance frequency decreases first and then increases with the bias magnetic field (HDC, showing a “V” shape in the range of 0 ∼ 5 kOe. Below the resonance frequency, the pattern of ME coefficient dependence on the HDC shows a single peak, but splits into a double-peak pattern when the testing frequency increases into a certain region. With increasing the frequency, a divergent evolution of the HDC patterns was observed. Domain motion and ΔE effect combined with magnetostriction-piezoelectric coupling effect were employed to explain this experimental result.

Enhanced off-resonance magnetoelectric response in laser annealed PZT thick film grown on magnetostrictive amorphous metal substrate

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Palneedi, Haribabu [Materials Interface Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 641-831 (Korea, Republic of); Maurya, Deepam; Priya, Shashank [Bio-inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and Systems (CEHMS), Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (United States); Kim, Gi-Yeop; Choi, Si-Young, E-mail: youngchoi@kims.re.kr [Materials Modeling and Characterization Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 641-831 (Korea, Republic of); Kang, Suk-Joong L. [Materials Interface Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Kwang-Ho [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735 (Korea, Republic of); Ryu, Jungho, E-mail: jhryu@kims.re.kr [Functional Ceramics Group, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon 641-831 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-07-06

A highly dense, 4 μm-thick Pb(Zr,Ti)O{sub 3} (PZT) film is deposited on amorphous magnetostrictive Metglas foil (FeBSi) by granule spray in vacuum process at room temperature, followed by its localized annealing with a continuous-wave 560 nm ytterbium fiber laser radiation. This longer-wavelength laser radiation is able to anneal the whole of thick PZT film layer without any deteriorative effects, such as chemical reaction and/or atomic diffusion, at the interface and crystallization of amorphous Metglas substrate. Greatly enhanced dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the annealed PZT are attributed to its better crystallinity and grain growth induced by laser irradiation. As a result, a colossal off-resonance magnetoelectric (ME) voltage coefficient that is two orders of magnitude larger than previously reported output from PZT/Metglas film-composites is achieved. The present work addresses the problems involved in the fabrication of PZT/Metglas film-composites and opens up emerging possibilities in employing piezoelectric materials with low thermal budget substrates (suitable for integrated electronics) and designing laminate composites for ME based devices.

Thin-plate-type embedded ultrasonic transducer based on magnetostriction for the thickness monitoring of the secondary piping system of a nuclear power plant

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heo, Tae Hoon; Cho, Seung Hyun [Center for Safety Measurement, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)

2016-12-15

Pipe wall thinning in the secondary piping system of a nuclear power plant is currently a major problem that typically affects the safety and reliability of the nuclear power plant directly. Regular in-service inspections are carried out to manage the piping system only during the overhaul. Online thickness monitoring is necessary to avoid abrupt breakage due to wall thinning. To this end, a transducer that can withstand a high-temperature environment and should be installed under the insulation layer. We propose a thin plate type of embedded ultrasonic transducer based on magnetostriction. The transducer was designed and fabricated to measure the thickness of a pipe under a high-temperature condition. A number of experimental results confirmed the validity of the present transducer.

Effect of shear strain on the deflection of a clamped magnetostrictive film-substrate system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ming Zhenghui; Ming Li; Bo Zou; Xia Luo

2011-01-01

The effect of in-plane shear strain of a clamped bimorph on the deflection produced by magnetization of the film is investigated. The deflection is found by minimizing the Gibbs free energy with respect to four parameters, strains and curvatures along x and y directions at the interface, by assuming that the curvature in the y direction varies as a function of aspect ratio w/l along x. A set of standard linear equations of four parameters are obtained and the deflection is expressed in terms of the four parameters by solving the equations using Cramer rules. The inconsistencies pointed out by previous authors are also reviewed. For actuators made of thick and short clamped film-substrate system, the in-plane shear deformation should not be omitted. The present calculation model can give a relatively simple and accurate prediction of deflection for thick and short specimens of aspect ratio w/l<10, which supports the results obtained by finite element modeling. - Highlights: → We model the deflection of a thick magnetostrictive film-substrate cantilever plate. → Total stress along z from magnetic field is not zero without external force. → Effect of in-plane shear strain in calculating deflection examined. → Analytical solution of deflection obtained by assuming a curvature function. → Shear strain for short cantilever film-substrate plate considered.

Magnetic properties of high temperature superconductors. AC susceptibility and magnetostriction studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Heill, L K

1995-05-01

The author of this thesis has measured the ac magnetic response function {mu} = {mu}`+i{mu}`` in melt-powder-melt-growth YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (Y123) with insulating Y{sub 2}BaCuO{sub 5} (Y211) and in single crystal YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} (SC) in applied dc fields up to 8 T, oriented both parallel and perpendicular to the crystalline c-axis. Both samples are cubes with sides of about 1 mm. The response of the two samples was mapped out as a function of temperature, excitation field amplitude and frequency, dc field and field orientation. It is found that for both samples the loss peak line (LPL) and hence the irreversibility line (IL) exists at higher temperatures and fields for perpendicular field orientation than for parallel. Strong frequency but weak amplitude dependence is observed for parallel orientation, vice versa for perpendicular orientation. The measured response is strongly non-linear for perpendicular orientation, and intermediate between linear (ohmic) and extremely non-linear (Bean critical state) for parallel orientation. The situation at parallel orientation is close to but above the transition into a vortex solid state, and a power law temperature dependence with exponent 1.5 is obtained for the vortex glass transition line. For perpendicular orientation the response is consistent with that expected in a vortex solid. Pinning barriers are found by means of thermal activation analysis. Anomalous loss peaks {mu}``(T) are observed for the SC sample for intermediate fields in perpendicular orientation. Large magnetostriction is found in a flat single crystal Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub 8} sample at low temperature and fields up to 6 T applied along the c-axis. 332 refs., 59 figs., 7 tabs.

A comparative analysis of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive actuators in Smart Structures

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Pons, J. L.

2005-06-01

Full Text Available This paper introduces a comparative analysis of Piezoelectric (PZ and Magnetostrictive (MS actuators as components in smart structures. There is an increasing interest in functional structures which are able to adapt to external or internal perturbations, i.e. changes in loading conditions or ageing. Actuator technologies must perform concomitantly as sensors and actuators to be applicable in smart structures. In this paper we will comparatively analyze the possibility of using PZ and MS actuators in smart structures and in so doing their capability to act concomitantly as sensors and of modifying their material characteristics. We will also focus on the analysis of how them can be integrated in structures and on the analysis of the most appropriate structures for each actuator. The operational performance of PZ (Stacks and MS actuators will be compared and eventually some conclusions will be drawn.

Este artículo presenta un estudio comparativo de actuadores Piezoeléctricos (PZ y Magnetoestrictivos (MS como elementos integrantes de estructuras inteligentes. Existe un interés creciente en estructuras activas que puedan adaptarse a perturbaciones tanto internas como externas, por ejemplo, ante cambios en carga estructural o ante su envejecimiento. Para que un actuador forme parte de una estructura inteligente, debe poder actuar también como sensor. Este artículo presenta un estudio comparativo del uso de actuadores PZ y MS en estructuras inteligentes y, como consecuencia, de su habilidad para actuar y medir simultáneamente así cómo para modificar sus características mecánicas. Nos centraremos también en el análisis de como pueden integrase en estructuras y cuales son las más indicadas para cada actuador. Se compararán las características operacionales de los actuadors PZ multicapa y los MS.

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction in Pr(n+2)(n+1)Nin(n-1)+2Sin(n+1) compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Jiles, D.C.; Song, S.H.; Snyder, J.E.; Pecharsky, V.K.; Lograsso, T.A.; Wu, D.; Pecharsky, A.O.; Mudryk, Ya.; Dennis, K.W.; McCallum, R.W.

2006-01-01

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction of members of a homologous series of compounds based on the alloy series Pr (n+2)(n+1) Ni n(n-1)+2 Si n(n+1) have been measured. The crystal structures of these compounds are closely interrelated because they form trigonal prismatic columns in which the number of trigonal prisms that form the base of the trigonal columns is determined by the value of n in the chemical formula. Two compositions were investigated, Pr 5 Ni 2 Si 3 and Pr 15 Ni 7 Si 10 , corresponding to n=3 and n=4, respectively. The results were analyzed and used to determine the location of magnetic phase transitions by calculating the magnetic contribution to thermal expansion using the Gruneisen-Debye theory. This allowed more precise determination of the magnetic transition temperatures than could be achieved using the total thermal expansion. The results show two phase transitions in each material, one corresponding to the Curie temperature and the other at a lower temperature exhibiting characteristics of a spin reorientation transition

Improvement of force factor of magnetostrictive vibration power generator for high efficiency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kita, Shota; Ueno, Toshiyuki; Yamada, Sotoshi

2015-01-01

We develop high power magnetostrictive vibration power generator for battery-free wireless electronics. The generator is based on a cantilever of parallel beam structure consisting of coil-wound Galfenol and stainless plates with permanent magnet for bias. Oscillating force exerted on the tip bends the cantilever in vibration yields stress variation of Galfenol plate, which causes flux variation and generates voltage on coil due to the law of induction. This generator has advantages over conventional, such as piezoelectric or moving magnet types, in the point of high efficiency, highly robust, and low electrical impedance. Our concern is the improvement of energy conversion efficiency dependent on the dimension. Especially, force factor, the conversion ratio of the electromotive force (voltage) on the tip velocity in vibration, has an important role in energy conversion process. First, the theoretical value of the force factor is formulated and then the validity was verified by experiments, where we compare four types of prototype with parameters of the dimension using 7.0 × 1.5 × 50 mm beams of Galfenol with 1606-turn wound coil. In addition, the energy conversion efficiency of the prototypes depending on load resistance was measured. The most efficient prototype exhibits the maximum instantaneous power of 0.73 W and energy of 4.7 mJ at a free vibration of frequency of 202 Hz in the case of applied force is 25 N. Further, it was found that energy conversion efficiency depends not only on the force factor but also on the damping (mechanical loss) of the vibration

High-field study of UCo2Si2: Magnetostriction at metamagnetic transition and influence of Fe substitution

Science.gov (United States)

Andreev, A. V.; Skourski, Y.; Gorbunov, D. I.; Prokeš, K.

2018-05-01

UCo2Si2 (tetragonal crystal structure) is antiferromagnet below TN = 83 K with ferromagnetic basal-plane layers of U magnetic moments oriented parallel to the c axis. The layers are coupled in +-+- sequence along this axis. In fields of 45 T applied along the c axis, UCo2Si2 exhibits very sharp metamagnetic transition to ++- uncompensated antiferromagnetic state. The transition is accompanied by pronounced magnetostriction effects. The crystal expands along the c axis by 1 * 10-4 and shrinks in the basal plane by 0.5 * 10-4 (at 1.5 K) resulting in negligible volume effect. Between 20 K and 40 K the transition changes from the first- to the second-order type. The Fe doping in UCo2Si2 reduces TN from 83 K to 80 K at x = 0.2 in U(Co1-xFex)2Si2. Metamagnetic transition shifts to higher fields (from 45 T at x = 0-56 T for x = 0.2). Magnetization jump over the transition remains practically the same which is in agreement with uranium magnetic moment determined by neutron diffraction on crystal with x = 0.1 as 1.29 μB, i.e. only slightly lower than that in UCo2Si2.

Influence of the deposition-induced stress on the magnetic properties of magnetostrictive amorphous (Fe80Co20)80B20 multilayers with orthogonal anisotropy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gonzalez-Guerrero, Miguel; Prieto, Jose Luis; Sanchez, Pedro; Aroca, Claudio

2007-01-01

In this work, we experimentally justify that the control of the mechanical stress induced during the deposition of sputtered amorphous magnetostrictive (Fe 80 Co 20 ) 80 B 20 allows a custom design of its magnetic properties. FeCoB multilayers have been sputtered on thermal oxide Si substrates with different buffer materials. The crystalline quality and the thermomechanical properties of the buffer layer influence both the coercive and the anisotropy field. Those buffer layers with both high rigidity and poor thermal conductivity do not allow the dissipation of energy of the incoming sputtered material. Therefore, the mechanical stresses related to the deposition process cannot be released, leading to magnetic layers with high easy-axis coercive field and low anisotropy field. This shows that the mechanical stresses accumulated during deposition are a key parameter for the control of coercivity

Volume magnetostriction at the AF-FRI metamagnetic transition in the itinerant-electron system Mn2-xTxSb (T=Co, Cr)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bartashevich, M.I.; Goto, T.; Baranov, N.V.; Gaviko, V.S.

2004-01-01

Mn 2 Sb is a ferrimagnet, and substitution of Co or Cr for Mn above the critical concentration results in the appearance of a spontaneous first-order magnetic phase transition from ferrimagnetic (FRI) to antiferromagnetic (AF) with decreasing temperature below T t . At T t a first-order field-induced AF-FRI transition is observed at a critical field B c . The spontaneous as well as the field induced AF-FRI transition is accompanied by a significant magnetovolume effect. Magnetization under high pressure up to 12 kbar, magnetostriction of Mn 1.8 Co 0.2 Sb and Mn 1.94 Cr 0.04 Sb as well as thermal expansion of the Mn 1-x Co x Sb system has been measured in order to clarify the origin of the contradictory experimental results on the pressure effect on B c and that on T t , implying opposite changes. The observed differences are explained by the found anomalous change of sign of the magnetovolume effect at the AF-FRI transition with decreasing temperature

Force sensor using changes in magnetic flux

Science.gov (United States)

Pickens, Herman L. (Inventor); Richard, James A. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

A force sensor includes a magnetostrictive material and a magnetic field generator positioned in proximity thereto. A magnetic field is induced in and surrounding the magnetostrictive material such that lines of magnetic flux pass through the magnetostrictive material. A sensor positioned in the vicinity of the magnetostrictive material measures changes in one of flux angle and flux density when the magnetostrictive material experiences an applied force that is aligned with the lines of magnetic flux.

Influence of low Co substitution on magnetoelastic properties of HoFe11Ti intermetallic compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Motevalizadeh, L.; Tajabor, N.; Sanavi Khoshnoud, D.; Fruchart, D.; Pourarian, F.

2012-01-01

The thermal expansion and magnetostriction of HoFe 11−x Co x Ti (x=0, 0.3, 0.7 and 1) intermetallic compounds were measured, using the strain gauge method in the temperature range 77–590 K under applied magnetic fields up to 1.5 T. Results show that for samples with x=0 and 0.3, both linear thermal expansion and linear thermal expansion coefficient exhibit anomalies below the Curie temperature. Below room temperature, the spontaneous volume magnetostriction decreases with Co content. For all compounds studied, the anisotropic magnetostriction shows similar behaviour in the measured temperature range. The magnetostriction compensation occurs above room temperature in all samples. The volume magnetostriction shows a linear dependence on the applied field and by approaching the Curie temperature this trend changes to parastrictive behaviour. The results of the spontaneous magnetostriction are discussed based on the local magnetic moment model. The contribution of magnetostriction attributed to the magnetic sublattices R and T (Fe or Co) is discussed. - Highlights: ► Magnetostriction of HoFe 11−x Co x Ti have been measured by using strain gauge method. ► The measurement was carried in 77–590 K under applied magnetic fields up to 1.5 T. ► Spontaneous volume magnetostriction and Invar effect decrease with Co substitution. ► Ho sublattice has negative contribution to spontaneous volume magnetostriction. ► Absolute values of anisotropic magnetostriction decrease slightly with Co content.

Two phase modeling of the influence of plastic strain on the magnetic and magnetostrictive behaviors of ferromagnetic materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hubert, Olivier; Lazreg, Said

2017-01-01

A growing interest of automotive industry in the use of high performance steels is observed. These materials are obtained thanks to complex manufacturing processes whose parameters fluctuations lead to strong variations of microstructure and mechanical properties. The on-line magnetic non-destructive monitoring is a relevant response to this problem but it requires fast models sensitive to different parameters of the forming process. The plastic deformation is one of these important parameters. Indeed, ferromagnetic materials are known to be sensitive to stress application and especially to plastic strains. In this paper, a macroscopic approach using the kinematic hardening is proposed to model this behavior, considering a plastic strained material as a two phase system. Relationship between kinematic hardening and residual stress is defined in this framework. Since stress fields are multiaxial, an uniaxial equivalent stress is calculated and introduced inside the so-called magneto-mechanical multidomain modeling to represent the effect of plastic strain. The modeling approach is complemented by many experiments involving magnetic and magnetostrictive measurements. They are carried out with or without applied stress, using a dual-phase steel deformed at different levels. The main interest of this material is that the mechanically hard phase, soft phase and the kinematic hardening can be clearly identified thanks to simple experiments. It is shown how this model can be extended to single phase materials.

Two phase modeling of the influence of plastic strain on the magnetic and magnetostrictive behaviors of ferromagnetic materials

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Hubert, Olivier, E-mail: olivier.hubert@lmt.ens-cachan.fr; Lazreg, Said

2017-02-15

A growing interest of automotive industry in the use of high performance steels is observed. These materials are obtained thanks to complex manufacturing processes whose parameters fluctuations lead to strong variations of microstructure and mechanical properties. The on-line magnetic non-destructive monitoring is a relevant response to this problem but it requires fast models sensitive to different parameters of the forming process. The plastic deformation is one of these important parameters. Indeed, ferromagnetic materials are known to be sensitive to stress application and especially to plastic strains. In this paper, a macroscopic approach using the kinematic hardening is proposed to model this behavior, considering a plastic strained material as a two phase system. Relationship between kinematic hardening and residual stress is defined in this framework. Since stress fields are multiaxial, an uniaxial equivalent stress is calculated and introduced inside the so-called magneto-mechanical multidomain modeling to represent the effect of plastic strain. The modeling approach is complemented by many experiments involving magnetic and magnetostrictive measurements. They are carried out with or without applied stress, using a dual-phase steel deformed at different levels. The main interest of this material is that the mechanically hard phase, soft phase and the kinematic hardening can be clearly identified thanks to simple experiments. It is shown how this model can be extended to single phase materials.

Room temperature large self-biased magnetoelectric effect in non-lead based piezoelectric and magnetostrictive (0−3) particulate composite system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kumari, Mukesh; Prakash, Chandra; Chatterjee, Ratnamala

2017-01-01

In this work, room temperature magnetoelectric properties of (0−3) particulate composites of non lead based piezoelectric BNTKNNLTS [0.97(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 )–0.03(K 0.47 Na 0.47 Li 0.06 Nb 0.74 Sb 0.06 Ta 0.2 O 3 ) and magnetostrictive CZFMO (Co 0.6 Zn 0.4 Fe 1.7 Mn 0.3 O 4 ) are presented. Composite samples of (1-x)(BNTKNNLTS)-x(CZFMO) , with x=0.1 and 0.5, are synthesized by solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction confirms the single phase formation of parent phases and the presence of two phases in the composites. Similar sintering conditions of the two individual components lead to optimal ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in the composites. A large self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) coupling ~74 mV/cm.Oe for the sample with x=0.1 (measured in longitudinally magnetized-transversely polarized configuration) is observed at room temperature. - Highlights: • Modified BNT-CFO based (0−3) particulate composites have been synthesized. • Similar sintering conditions of two components lead to optimal multiferroicity. • A large self-biased ME coupling ~74 mV/cm. Oe is obtained at room temperature.

Predicting performance of polymer-bonded Terfenol-D composites under different magnetic fields

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Guan Xinchun; Dong Xufeng; Ou Jinping

2009-01-01

Considering demagnetization effect, the model used to calculate the magnetostriction of the single particle under the applied field is first created. Based on Eshelby equivalent inclusion and Mori-Tanaka method, the approach to calculate the average magnetostriction of the composites under any applied field, as well as the saturation, is studied by treating the magnetostriction particulate as an eigenstrain. The results calculated by the approach indicate that saturation magnetostriction of magnetostrictive composites increases with an increase of particle aspect and particle volume fraction, and a decrease of Young's modulus of the matrix. The influence of an applied field on magnetostriction of the composites becomes more significant with larger particle volume fraction or particle aspect. Experiments were done to verify the effectiveness of the model, the results of which indicate that the model only can provide approximate results.

Room temperature large self-biased magnetoelectric effect in non-lead based piezoelectric and magnetostrictive (0−3) particulate composite system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumari, Mukesh [Magnetics & Advanced Ceramics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi-110016 India (India); Prakash, Chandra [Solid State Physics Laboratory Timarpur, Delhi-110054 India (India); Chatterjee, Ratnamala, E-mail: rmala@physics.iitd.ac.in [Magnetics & Advanced Ceramics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi-110016 India (India)

2017-05-01

In this work, room temperature magnetoelectric properties of (0−3) particulate composites of non lead based piezoelectric BNTKNNLTS [0.97(Bi{sub 0.5}Na{sub 0.5}TiO{sub 3})–0.03(K{sub 0.47}Na{sub 0.47}Li{sub 0.06}Nb{sub 0.74}Sb{sub 0.06}Ta{sub 0.2}O{sub 3}) and magnetostrictive CZFMO (Co{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.4}Fe{sub 1.7}Mn{sub 0.3}O{sub 4}) are presented. Composite samples of (1-x)(BNTKNNLTS)-x(CZFMO){sub ,} with x=0.1 and 0.5, are synthesized by solid state reaction route. X-ray diffraction confirms the single phase formation of parent phases and the presence of two phases in the composites. Similar sintering conditions of the two individual components lead to optimal ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties in the composites. A large self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) coupling ~74 mV/cm.Oe for the sample with x=0.1 (measured in longitudinally magnetized-transversely polarized configuration) is observed at room temperature. - Highlights: • Modified BNT-CFO based (0−3) particulate composites have been synthesized. • Similar sintering conditions of two components lead to optimal multiferroicity. • A large self-biased ME coupling ~74 mV/cm. Oe is obtained at room temperature.

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

2006-05-04

May 4, 2006 ... (lite structure, magnetization and magnetostriction of Laws pfiase compound 75C02 were investigated 6y temperature dependent ... anisotropic magnetostriction constant in“ and reported in this paper. volume magnetostriction ... thegginuelear structure was first refined by usith the; NPD data in high angle ...

Experimental determination of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants and saturation magnetostriction constants of NiZn and NiZnCo ferrites intended to be used for antennas miniaturization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mattei, Jean-Luc; Le Guen, Emmanuel; Chevalier, Alexis; Tarot, Anne-Claude

2015-01-01

This study investigates the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants (K 1 ) and the saturation magnetostriction constants (λ S ) of Ni 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 (NiZn) and Ni 0.8−x Zn x Co 0.2 Fe 1.98 O 4−δ (NiZnCo) ferrites intended to be used for antenna downsizing. Composite materials constituted of soft ferrite nanosized particles (NiZn or NiZnCo ferrites) embedded in an epoxy matrix are realized. Measurements of their magnetic permeability in the frequency range of 200 MHz–6 GHz are performed. The influence of compressive stress (in the range of 32–96 MPa) on their Ferrimagnetic Resonance (FMR) is demonstrated. An analytical modeling of stress-induced FMR changes is proposed that allows simultaneous determinations of the Natural Ferrimagnetic Resonance (NFMR, F 0 ), K 1 and λ S of Ni 1−x Zn x Fe 2 O 4 and Ni 0.8−x Zn x Co 0.2 Fe 1.98 O 4−δ ferrites. The obtained results for NiZn ferrites are in agreement with literature data, validating both the experimental process and the proposed modeling of the stress-induced FMR changes. Regarding NiZnCo ferrites, extended data on K 1 and λ S are presented for the first time. Increasing zinc content (x) induces a spin disorder that reduces in a same time K 1 and the magnetization at saturation M S . The rapid variation of K 1 (x) is related to that of the magnetization M S (x) through a power law. The single-ion anisotropy model allows a satisfactory interpretation of K 1 dependence on zinc content. The unexpected low values of λ S got for NiZnCo ferrites, compared to those got for NiZn ferrites, are also discussed. Application of compressive stress lowers noticeably magnetic losses of Ni 0.6 Zn 0.2 Co 0.2 Fe 1.98 O 4−δ at given frequency, thereby enhancing the ability of this spinel ferrite to be used as a substrate in the aim of antenna miniaturization. - Highlights: • We measure permeability of ferrite-based composites from 0.1 GHz to 6 GHz. • The influence of compressive stress on the FMR of

Improving the magnetoelectric performance of Metglas/PZT laminates by annealing in a magnetic field.

Science.gov (United States)

Freeman, E; Harper, J; Goel, N; Gilbert, I; Unguris, J; Schiff, S J; Tadigadapa, S

2017-01-01

A comprehensive investigation of magnetostriction optimization in Metglas 2605SA1 ribbons is performed to enhance magnetoelectric performance. We explore a range of annealing conditions to relieve remnant stress and align the magnetic domains in the Metglas, while minimizing unwanted crystallization. The magnetostriction coefficient, magnetoelectric coefficient, and magnetic domain alignment are correlated to optimize magnetoelectric performance. We report on direct magnetostriction observed by in-plane Doppler vibrometer and domain imagining using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis for a range of annealing conditions. We find that annealing in an oxygen-free environment at 400 °C for 30 min yields an optimal magnetoelectric coefficient, magnetostriction and magnetostriction coefficient. The optimized ribbons had a magnetostriction of 50.6 ± 0.2 μ m m -1 and magnetoelectric coefficient of 79.3 ± 1.5 μ m m -1 mT -1 . The optimized Metglas 2605SA1 ribbons and PZT-5A (d 31 mode) sensor achieves a magnetic noise floor of approximately 600 pT Hz -1/2 at 100 Hz and a magnetoelectric coefficient of 6.1 ± 0.03 MV m -1 T -1 .

Improving the magnetoelectric performance of Metglas/PZT laminates by annealing in a magnetic field

Science.gov (United States)

Freeman, E.; Harper, J.; Goel, N.; Gilbert, I.; Unguris, J.; Schiff, S. J.; Tadigadapa, S.

2017-08-01

A comprehensive investigation of magnetostriction optimization in Metglas 2605SA1 ribbons is performed to enhance magnetoelectric performance. We explore a range of annealing conditions to relieve remnant stress and align the magnetic domains in the Metglas, while minimizing unwanted crystallization. The magnetostriction coefficient, magnetoelectric coefficient, and magnetic domain alignment are correlated to optimize magnetoelectric performance. We report on direct magnetostriction observed by in-plane Doppler vibrometer and domain imagining using scanning electron microscopy with polarization analysis for a range of annealing conditions. We find that annealing in an oxygen-free environment at 400 {}\\circ {{C}} for 30 min yields an optimal magnetoelectric coefficient, magnetostriction and magnetostriction coefficient. The optimized ribbons had a magnetostriction of 50.6 ± 0.2 μ {{m}} {{{m}}}-1 and magnetoelectric coefficient of 79.3 ± 1.5 µm m-1 mT-1. The optimized Metglas 2605SA1 ribbons and PZT-5A (d31 mode) sensor achieves a magnetic noise floor of approximately 600 pT {{{H}}{{z}}}-1/2 at 100 Hz and a magnetoelectric coefficient of 6.1 ± 0.03 MV m-1 T-1.

Experimental determination of magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants and saturation magnetostriction constants of NiZn and NiZnCo ferrites intended to be used for antennas miniaturization

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mattei, Jean-Luc, E-mail: mattei@univ-brest.fr [Lab-STICC, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France); Le Guen, Emmanuel, E-mail: emmanuel.leguen@hotmail.fr [Lab-STICC, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France); IETR, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France); Chevalier, Alexis, E-mail: alexis.chevalier@univ-brest.fr [Lab-STICC, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, CS 93837, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest Cedex 3 (France); Tarot, Anne-Claude, E-mail: anne-claude.tarot@univ-rennes1.fr [IETR, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex (France)

2015-01-15

This study investigates the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constants (K{sub 1}) and the saturation magnetostriction constants (λ{sub S}) of Ni{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} (NiZn) and Ni{sub 0.8−x}Zn{sub x}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 1.98}O{sub 4−δ} (NiZnCo) ferrites intended to be used for antenna downsizing. Composite materials constituted of soft ferrite nanosized particles (NiZn or NiZnCo ferrites) embedded in an epoxy matrix are realized. Measurements of their magnetic permeability in the frequency range of 200 MHz–6 GHz are performed. The influence of compressive stress (in the range of 32–96 MPa) on their Ferrimagnetic Resonance (FMR) is demonstrated. An analytical modeling of stress-induced FMR changes is proposed that allows simultaneous determinations of the Natural Ferrimagnetic Resonance (NFMR, F{sub 0}), K{sub 1} and λ{sub S} of Ni{sub 1−x}Zn{sub x}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} and Ni{sub 0.8−x}Zn{sub x}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 1.98}O{sub 4−δ} ferrites. The obtained results for NiZn ferrites are in agreement with literature data, validating both the experimental process and the proposed modeling of the stress-induced FMR changes. Regarding NiZnCo ferrites, extended data on K{sub 1} and λ{sub S} are presented for the first time. Increasing zinc content (x) induces a spin disorder that reduces in a same time K{sub 1} and the magnetization at saturation M{sub S}. The rapid variation of K{sub 1}(x) is related to that of the magnetization M{sub S}(x) through a power law. The single-ion anisotropy model allows a satisfactory interpretation of K{sub 1} dependence on zinc content. The unexpected low values of λ{sub S} got for NiZnCo ferrites, compared to those got for NiZn ferrites, are also discussed. Application of compressive stress lowers noticeably magnetic losses of Ni{sub 0.6}Zn{sub 0.2}Co{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 1.98}O{sub 4−δ} at given frequency, thereby enhancing the ability of this spinel ferrite to be used as a substrate in the aim of antenna

Stochastic bifurcation and fractal and chaos control of a giant magnetostrictive film-shape memory alloy composite cantilever plate subjected to in-plane harmonic and stochastic excitation

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhu, Zhiwen; Zhang, Qingxin; Xu, Jia

2014-01-01

Stochastic bifurcation and fractal and chaos control of a giant magnetostrictive film–shape memory alloy (GMF–SMA) composite cantilever plate subjected to in-plane harmonic and stochastic excitation were studied. Van der Pol items were improved to interpret the hysteretic phenomena of both GMF and SMA, and the nonlinear dynamic model of a GMF–SMA composite cantilever plate subjected to in-plane harmonic and stochastic excitation was developed. The probability density function of the dynamic response of the system was obtained, and the conditions of stochastic Hopf bifurcation were analyzed. The conditions of noise-induced chaotic response were obtained in the stochastic Melnikov integral method, and the fractal boundary of the safe basin of the system was provided. Finally, the chaos control strategy was proposed in the stochastic dynamic programming method. Numerical simulation shows that stochastic Hopf bifurcation and chaos appear in the parameter variation process. The boundary of the safe basin of the system has fractal characteristics, and its area decreases when the noise intensifies. The system reliability was improved through stochastic optimal control, and the safe basin area of the system increased

Strong and anisotropic magnetoelectricity in composites of magnetostrictive Ni and solid-state grown lead-free piezoelectric BZT–BCT single crystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Haribabu Palneedi

2017-03-01

Full Text Available Aimed at developing lead-free magnetoelectric (ME composites with performances as good as lead (Pb-based ones, this study employed (001 and (011 oriented 82BaTiO3-10BaZrO3-8CaTiO3 (BZT–BCT piezoelectric single crystals, fabricated by the cost-effective solid-state single crystal growth (SSCG method, in combination with inexpensive, magnetostrictive base metal Nickel (Ni. The off-resonance, direct ME coupling in the prepared Ni/BZT–BCT/Ni laminate composites was found to be strongly dependent on the crystallographic orientation of the BZT–BCT single crystals, as well as the applied magnetic field direction. Larger and anisotropic ME voltage coefficients were observed for the composite made using the (011 oriented BZT–BCT single crystal. The optimized ME coupling of 1 V/cm Oe was obtained from the Ni/(011 BZT–BCT single crystal/Ni composite, in the d32 mode of the single crystal, when a magnetic field was applied along its [100] direction. This performance is similar to that reported for the Ni/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3-Pb(Zr,TiO3 (PMN–PZT single crystal/Ni, but larger than that obtained from the Ni/Pb(Zr,TiO3 ceramic/Ni composites. The results of this work demonstrate that the use of lead-free piezoelectric single crystals with special orientations permits the selection of desired anisotropic properties, enabling the realization of customized ME effects in composites.

Measurement of the Length of Installed Rock Bolt Based on Stress Wave Reflection by Using a Giant Magnetostrictive (GMS) Actuator and a PZT Sensor.

Science.gov (United States)

Luo, Mingzhang; Li, Weijie; Wang, Bo; Fu, Qingqing; Song, Gangbing

2017-02-23

Rock bolts, as a type of reinforcing element, are widely adopted in underground excavations and civil engineering structures. Given the importance of rock bolts, the research outlined in this paper attempts to develop a portable non-destructive evaluation method for assessing the length of installed rock bolts for inspection purposes. Traditionally, piezoelectric elements or hammer impacts were used to perform non-destructive evaluation of rock bolts. However, such methods suffered from many major issues, such as the weak energy generated and the requirement for permanent installation for piezoelectric elements, and the inconsistency of wave generation for hammer impact. In this paper, we proposed a portable device for the non-destructive evaluation of rock bolt conditions based on a giant magnetostrictive (GMS) actuator. The GMS actuator generates enough energy to ensure multiple reflections of the stress waves along the rock bolt and a lead zirconate titantate (PZT) sensor is used to detect the reflected waves. A new integrated procedure that involves correlation analysis, wavelet denoising, and Hilbert transform was proposed to process the multiple reflection signals to determine the length of an installed rock bolt. The experimental results from a lab test and field tests showed that, by analyzing the instant phase of the periodic reflections of the stress wave generated by the GMS transducer, the length of an embedded rock bolt can be accurately determined.

Investigation of the use of uniaxial comb-shaped Galfenol patches for a guided wave-based magnetostrictive phased array sensor

Science.gov (United States)

Yoo, Byungseok; Pines, Darryll J.

2018-05-01

This paper investigates the use of uniaxial comb-shaped Fe-Ga alloy (Galfenol) patches in the development of a Magnetostrictive Phased Array Sensor (MPAS) for the Guided Wave (GW) damage inspection technique. The MPAS consists of six highly-textured Galfenol patches with a preferred orientation and a Hexagonal Magnetic Circuit Device (HMCD). The Galfenol patches individually aligned to distinct azimuthal directions were permanently attached to a thin aluminum plate specimen. The detachable HMCD encloses a biasing magnet and six sensing coils with unique directional sensing preferences, equivalent to the specific orientation of the discrete Galfenol patches. The preliminary experimental tests validated that the GW sensing performance and directional sensitivity of the Galfenol-based sensor were significantly improved by the magnetic shape anisotropy effect on the fabrication of uniaxial comb fingers to a Galfenol disc patch. We employed a series of uniaxial comb-shaped Galfenol patches to form an MPAS with a hexagonal sensor configuration, uniformly arranged within a diameter of 1". The Galfenol MPAS was utilized to identify structural damage simulated by loosening joint bolts used to fasten the plate specimen to a frame structure. We compared the damage detection results of the MPAS with those of a PZT Phased Array Sensor (PPAS) collocated to the back surface of the plate. The directional filtering characteristic of the Galfenol MPAS led to acquiring less complicated GW signals than the PPAS using omnidirectional PZT discs. However, due to the detection limit of the standard hexagonal patterned array, the two array sensors apparently identified only the loosened bolts located along one of the preferred orientations of the array configuration. The use of the fixed number of the Galfenol patches for the MPAS construction constrained the capability of sensing point multiplication of the HMCD by altering its rotational orientation, resulting in such damage detection

Separating read and write units in multiferroic devices.

Science.gov (United States)

Roy, Kuntal

2015-06-18

Strain-mediated multiferroic composites, i.e., piezoelectric-magnetostrictive heterostructures, hold profound promise for energy-efficient computing in beyond Moore's law era. While reading a bit of information stored in the magnetostrictive nanomagnets using a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), a material selection issue crops up since magnetostrictive materials in general cannot be utilized as the free layer of the MTJ. This is an important issue since we need to achieve a high magnetoresistance for technological applications. We show here that magnetically coupling the magnetostrictive nanomagnet and the free layer e.g., utilizing the magnetic dipole coupling between them can circumvent this issue. By solving stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation of magnetization dynamics in the presence of room-temperature thermal fluctuations, we show that such design can eventually lead to a superior energy-delay product.

Handling magnetic anisotropy and magnetoimpedance effect in flexible multilayers under external stress

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Agra, K.; Bohn, F. [Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900 Natal, RN (Brazil); Mori, T.J.A. [Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 1000, Guará, 13083-100 Campinas, SP (Brazil); Callegari, G.L.; Dorneles, L.S. [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS (Brazil); Correa, M.A., E-mail: marciocorrea@dfte.ufrn.br [Departamento de Física Teórica e Experimental, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-900 Natal, RN (Brazil)

2016-12-15

We investigate the dynamic magnetic response though magnetoimpedance effect of ferromagnetic flexible NiFe/Ta and FeCuNbSiB/Ta multilayers under external stress. We explore the possibility of handling magnetic anisotropy, and consequently the magnetoimpedance effect, of magnetostrictive multilayers deposited onto flexible substrates. We quantify the sensitivity of the multilayers under external stress by calculating the ratio between impedance variations and external stress changes, and show that considerable values can be reached by tuning the magnetic field, frequency, magnetostriction constant, and external stress. The results extend possibilities of application of magnetostrictive multilayers deposited onto flexible substrates when under external stress and place them as very attractive candidates as element sensor for the development of sensitive smart touch sensors. - Highlights: • We investigate the magnetoimpedance effect in magnetostrictive flexible multilayers grown on flexible substrates. • The external applied stress enables to tuning the samples anisotropies, and consequently the MI performance. • The flexible substrate becomes promising candidate for RF-frequency devices.

Significance of X-ray imaging techniques in the study of ferro-or ferri-magnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Miltat, J.

1983-01-01

The subject is discussed under the headings: introduction; basic physics of Bloch wall statics (magnetization (a) parallel (b) perpendicular, to the surface); magnetostrictive strains; detectability of magnetostrictive strains by means of X-ray imaging techniques; interactions of individual lattice defects and moving walls (optical studies; X-ray studies); conclusion. (U.K.)

Magnetoelastic coupling in Sr2(Fe1-xCrx)ReO6 double perovskites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Serrate, D; Teresa, J M De; Algarabel, P A; Marquina, C; Blasco, J; Ibarra, M R; Galibert, J

2007-01-01

We have investigated magnetoelastic coupling in Sr 2 (Fe 1-x Cr x )ReO 6 polycrystalline double perovskites. The end compound, Sr 2 CrReO 6 , shows a high ferromagnetic transition temperature of 635 K and is thought to exhibit a nearly half-metallic conduction band. We probed the unexpected high orbital moment borne by the Re atom by means of volume and anisotropic magnetostriction measurements in magnetic fields up to 12 T. Our magnetostriction results can be explained by the existence of a large spin-orbit coupling which, in combination with crystal-field effects, produces a single-ion type magnetostrictive response. The Re orbital moment triggers a greatly enhanced magnetocrystalline anisotropy compared to other ferromagnetic double perovskites. From our magnetostriction data, the temperature dependence of the coercive field as a function of Cr-doping is obtained. We discovered that the coercive field increases as Fe is replaced with Cr, which is linked to a strong enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy. This suggests a close relationship between the Fe[Cr]-O-Re coupling and the magnetic anisotropy. We also analysed the impact of the Re orbital moment on the spin-dependent transport across Sr 2 CrReO 6 grain boundaries. The present work opens up the possible use of these compounds for magnetostrictive applications in a wide temperature and magnetic field range

Manipulation of magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires by annealing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhukov, A., E-mail: arkadi.joukov@ehu.es [Dpto. Fisica de Materiales, Fac. Quimicas, UPV/EHU, 20009 San Sebastian (Spain); IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao (Spain); Chichay, K. [Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad (Russian Federation); Talaat, A. [Dpto. Fisica de Materiales, Fac. Quimicas, UPV/EHU, 20009 San Sebastian (Spain); Rodionova, V. [Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad (Russian Federation); National University of Science and Technology (MISIS), 119049 Moscow (Russian Federation); Blanco, J.M. [Dpto. Física Aplicada, EUPDS Basque Country University UPV/EHU (Spain); Ipatov, M.; Zhukova, V. [Dpto. Fisica de Materiales, Fac. Quimicas, UPV/EHU, 20009 San Sebastian (Spain)

2015-06-01

We demonstrated that magnetic properties (hysteresis loops, domain wall propagation and giant magnetoimpedance effect) of Fe and Co-rich amorphous microwires can be tailored by stress and conventional annealing. Observed dependences discussed considering stress relaxation, back stresses and change of the magnetostriction after samples annealing. These considerations have been proved by experimental observation of the change of the magnetostriction coefficient sign induced by annealing. - Highlights: • Manipulation of hysteresis loop of amorphous Co–Fe- rich microwires by annealing. • Coexistence of Giant magnetoimpedance effect and fast domain wall propagation in the same sample. • Evidence of annealing dependence of the magnetostriction coefficient. • Effect of stress induced anisotropy on magnetic properties and GMI effect.

One-step production of optimized Fe-Ga particles by spark erosion

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hong, J. I.; Solomon, V. C.; Smith, David J.; Parker, F. T.; Summers, E. M.; Berkowitz, A. E.

2006-01-01

Spherical Fe-Ga particles were prepared by spark erosion in liquid Ar, which directly incorporated the desirable rapid quench from high temperatures. The compositions of the particles investigated were 15.0, 16.3, and 18.9 at. % Ga, respectively, as determined from electron-probe microanalysis, x-ray diffraction, and Moessbauer spectra. Composites for magnetostriction measurements were prepared by mixing particles with epoxy at the volume fraction of 48% and curing in a magnetic field. Magnetostriction values of the composites were comparable to those of polycrystalline chill-cast alloys of the same compositions. Composites with particles having Ga concentrations of 18.9 at. % had the highest magnetostriction, similar to results reported for bulk Fe-Ga alloys

Manipulation of magnetic properties of glass-coated microwires by annealing

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhukov, A.; Chichay, K.; Talaat, A.; Rodionova, V.; Blanco, J.M.; Ipatov, M.; Zhukova, V.

2015-01-01

We demonstrated that magnetic properties (hysteresis loops, domain wall propagation and giant magnetoimpedance effect) of Fe and Co-rich amorphous microwires can be tailored by stress and conventional annealing. Observed dependences discussed considering stress relaxation, back stresses and change of the magnetostriction after samples annealing. These considerations have been proved by experimental observation of the change of the magnetostriction coefficient sign induced by annealing. - Highlights: • Manipulation of hysteresis loop of amorphous Co–Fe- rich microwires by annealing. • Coexistence of Giant magnetoimpedance effect and fast domain wall propagation in the same sample. • Evidence of annealing dependence of the magnetostriction coefficient. • Effect of stress induced anisotropy on magnetic properties and GMI effect

Design, processing and characterization of mechanically alloyed galfenol & lightly rare-earth doped FeGa alloys as smart materials for actuators and transducers

Science.gov (United States)

Taheri, Parisa

Smart materials find a wide range of application areas due to their varied response to external stimuli. The different areas of application can be in our day to day life, aerospace, civil engineering applications, and mechatronics to name a few. Magnetostrictive materials are a class of smart materials that can convert energy between the magnetic and elastic states. Galfenol is a magnetostrictive alloy comprised primarily of the elements iron (Fe) and gallium (Ga). Galfenol exhibits a unique combination of mechanical and magnetostrictive (magnetic) properties that legacy smart materials do not. Galfenol's ability to function while in tension, mechanical robustness and high Curie temperature (600 °C) is attracting interest for the alloy's use in mechanically harsh and elevated temperature environments. Applications actively being investigated include transducers for down-hole use, next-generation fuel injectors, sensing, and energy harvesting devices. Understanding correlations between microstructure, electronic structure, and functional response is key to developing novel magnetostrictive materials for sensor and actuator technologies. To this end, in the first part of this thesis we report successful fabrication and investigation of magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of mechanically alloyed Fe81Ga19 compounds. For the first time, we could measure magnetostrictive properties of mechanically alloyed FeGa compounds. A maximum saturation magnetostriction of 41 ppm was achieved which is comparable to those measured from polycrystalline FeGa alloys prepared by other processing techniques, namely gas atomization and cold rolling. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of large-scale production of FeGa polycrystalline alloys powders by a simple and cost-effective mechanical alloying technique. In the second part of this work, we report for the first time, experimental results pertaining to successful fabrication and advanced characterization of a series

Predicting Magnetoelectric Coupling in Layered and Graded Composites

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Mirza Bichurin

2017-07-01

Full Text Available Magnetoelectric (ME interaction in magnetostrictive-piezoelectric multiferroic structures consists in inducing the electric field across the structure in an applied magnetic field and is a product property of magnetostriction and piezoelectricity in components. ME voltage coefficient that is the ratio of induced electric field to applied magnetic field is the key parameter of ME coupling strength. It has been known that the ME coupling strength is dictated by the product of the piezoelectric and piezomagnetic coefficients of initial phases. As a result, using the laminates with graded piezoelectric and piezomagnetic parameters are a new pathway to the increase in the ME coupling strength. Recently developed models predict stronger ME interactions in composites based on graded components compared to homogeneous ones. We discuss predicting the ME coupling strength for layered structures of homogeneous and compositionally graded magnetostrictive and piezoelectric components based on the graphs of ME voltage coefficients against composite parameters. For obtaining the graphs, we developed equations for ME output in applied magnetic field for possible modes of operation and layered structure configurations. In particular, our studies have been performed on low-frequency ME coupling, enhanced ME effect in electromechanical resonance (EMR region for longitudinal and bending modes. Additionally, ME coupling at magnetic resonance in magnetostrictive component and at overlapping the EMR and magnetic resonance is investigated. We considered symmetric trilayers and asymmetric bilayers of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric components and multilayered structures based on compositionally stepped initial components.

An innovative design for using flexible printed coils for magnetostrictive-based longitudinal guided wave sensors in steel strand inspection

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Tse, P W; Liu, X C; Wang, X J; Liu, Z H; Wu, B; He, C F

2011-01-01

Magnetostrictive sensors (MsSs) that can excite and receive guided waves are commonly used in detecting defects that may occur in cables and strands for supporting heavy structures. A conventional MsS has a hard sensing coil that is wound onto a bobbin with electric wires to generate the necessary dynamic magnetic field to excite the desired guided waves. This tailor-made hard coil is usually bulky and is not flexible enough to fit steel strands of various sizes. The conventional MsS also cannot be mounted to any steel strand that does not have a free end to allow the bobbin to pass through the structure of the tested strand. Such inflexibilities limit the use of conventional MsSs in practical situations. To solve these limitations, an innovative type of coil, called a flexible printed coil (FPC), which is made out of flexible printed film, has been designed to replace the inflexible hard coil. The flexible structure of the FPC ensures that the new MsS can be easily installed on and removed from steel strands with different diameters and without free ends. Moreover, the FPC-based MsS can be wrapped into multiple layers due to its thin and flexible design. Although multi-layer FPC creates a minor asymmetry in the dynamic magnetic field, the results of finite element analysis and experiments confirm that the longitudinal guided waves excited by a FPC-based MsS are comparable to those excited by a conventional hard coil MsS. No significant reduction in defect inspection performance was found; in fact, further advantages were identified when using the FPC-based MsS. When acting as the transmitter, the innovative FPC-based MsS can cover a longer inspection length of strand. When acting as the receiver, the FPC-based MsS is more sensitive to smaller defects that are impossible to detect using a hard coil MsS. Hence, the multi-layer FPC-based MsS has great potential for replacing the conventional hard coil MsS because of its convenient installation, and ease of fitting to

NiCo-lead zirconium titanate-NiCo trilayered magnetoelectric composites prepared by electroless deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, M. H.; Wang, Y. G.; Bi, K.; Fan, H. P.; Zhao, Z. S.

2015-01-01

The NiCo layers with various Ni/Co atomic ratio have been successfully electroless deposited on PZT layers by varying the bath composition. As the cobalt atomic ratio in the deposited layer increases from 17.2 to 54.8 wt%, the magnetostrictive coefficient decreases. The magnetoelectric effect depends strongly on the magnetostrictive properties of magnetostrictive phase. The magnetoelectric coefficient of NiCo/PZT/NiCo trilayers increases with Ni/Co atomic ratio of the deposited NiCo layers increasing from 45:55 to 83:17. A maximum ME voltage coefficient of α E,31 = 2.8 V ⋅ cm −1 ⋅ Oe −1 is obtained at a frequency of about 88 kHz, which makes these trilayers suitable for applications in actuators, transducers and sensors

An analytical nonlinear magnetoelectric coupling model of laminated composites under combined pre-stress and magnetic bias loadings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zhou, Hao-Miao; Qu, Shao-Xing; Ou, Xiao-Wei; Xiao, Ying; Wu, Hua-Ping

2013-01-01

Based on the equivalent circuit method, this paper adopts the nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive relations to establish an analytical nonlinear magnetoelectric coefficient model for magnetostrictive/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive laminated magnetoelectric composites. When the pre-stress is set to zero in the model, the predicted results of the magnetoelectric coefficient coincide well with the available experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively. Using the model, we can qualitatively predict the influence of the pre-stress, magnetic bias fields and the volume fraction of the magnetostrictive material on the magnetoelectric coefficient. The predicted results show that the influences of the pre-stress on the magnetoelectric coefficient, which varies with the magnetic bias field, before and after reaching the magnetoelectric coefficient maximum, are opposite. That is, the influence of the pre-stress on curves of the magnetoelectric coefficient reverses when the magnetoelectric coefficient reaches its maximum. Therefore, the correct setting of the pre-stress can lower the applied magnetic bias field and improve the magnetoelectric coefficient. The established nonlinear magnetoelectric effect model can provide a theoretical basis for regulating the magnetoelectric coefficient by the pre-stress and magnetic bias field and make it possible to design high-precision miniature magnetoelectric devices. (paper)

NiCo-lead zirconium titanate-NiCo trilayered magnetoelectric composites prepared by electroless deposition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhou, M. H.; Wang, Y. G.; Bi, K., E-mail: bike@bupt.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876 (China); Fan, H. P. [School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao Technological University Qindao College, Qingdao 266106 (China); Zhao, Z. S. [Shandong Engineering Consulting Institute, Jinan 250013 (China)

2015-04-15

The NiCo layers with various Ni/Co atomic ratio have been successfully electroless deposited on PZT layers by varying the bath composition. As the cobalt atomic ratio in the deposited layer increases from 17.2 to 54.8 wt%, the magnetostrictive coefficient decreases. The magnetoelectric effect depends strongly on the magnetostrictive properties of magnetostrictive phase. The magnetoelectric coefficient of NiCo/PZT/NiCo trilayers increases with Ni/Co atomic ratio of the deposited NiCo layers increasing from 45:55 to 83:17. A maximum ME voltage coefficient of α{sub E,31} = 2.8 V ⋅ cm{sup −1} ⋅ Oe{sup −1} is obtained at a frequency of about 88 kHz, which makes these trilayers suitable for applications in actuators, transducers and sensors.

Positive temperature coefficient of magnetic anisotropy in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based magnetic composites

OpenAIRE

Liu, Yiwei; Wang, Baomin; Zhan, Qingfeng; Tang, Zhenhua; Yang, Huali; Liu, Gang; Zuo, Zhenghu; Zhang, Xiaoshan; Xie, Yali; Zhu, Xiaojian; Chen, Bin; Wang, Junling; Li, Run-Wei

2014-01-01

The magnetic anisotropy is decreased with increasing temperature in normal magnetic materials, which is harmful to the thermal stability of magnetic devices. Here, we report the realization of positive temperature coefficient of magnetic anisotropy in a novel composite combining β-phase polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with magnetostrictive materials (magnetostrictive film/PVDF bilayer structure). We ascribe the enhanced magnetic anisotropy of the magnetic film at elevated temperature to the st...

Noise variation by compressive stress on the model core of power transformers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mizokami, Masato, E-mail: mizokami.g76.masato@jp.nssmc.com; Kurosaki, Yousuke

2015-05-01

The reduction of audible noise generated by cores for power transformers has been required due to environmental concern. It is known that compressive stress in the rolling direction of electrical steel affects magnetostriction and it can result in an increase in noise level. In this research, the effect of compressive stress to noise was investigated on a 3-phase 3-limb model core. Compressive stress was applied in the rolling direction of the limbs from the outside of the core. It increased the sound pressure levels and the slope of the rise was about 2 dBA/MPa. Magnetostriction on single sheet samples was also measured under compressive stress and the harmonic components of the magnetostriction were compared with those of noise. It revealed that the variation in magnetostriction with compressive stress did not entirely correspond to that in noise. In one of the experiments, localized bending happened on one limb during compressing the core. While deformation of the core had not been intended, the noise was measured. The deformation increased the noise by more than 10 dBA and it occurred on most of the harmonic components. - Highlights: • Audible noise was measured on a model core to which compressive stress was applied. • The stress in the rolling direction of the steel causes a rise in noise level. • The slope of the rise in sound pressure level up to 2.5 MPa is about 2 dBA/MPa. • Variation in magnetostriction by stress does not entirely agree with that in noise. • Bend arisen in the core causes an extreme increase in noise.

Noise variation by compressive stress on the model core of power transformers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mizokami, Masato; Kurosaki, Yousuke

2015-01-01

The reduction of audible noise generated by cores for power transformers has been required due to environmental concern. It is known that compressive stress in the rolling direction of electrical steel affects magnetostriction and it can result in an increase in noise level. In this research, the effect of compressive stress to noise was investigated on a 3-phase 3-limb model core. Compressive stress was applied in the rolling direction of the limbs from the outside of the core. It increased the sound pressure levels and the slope of the rise was about 2 dBA/MPa. Magnetostriction on single sheet samples was also measured under compressive stress and the harmonic components of the magnetostriction were compared with those of noise. It revealed that the variation in magnetostriction with compressive stress did not entirely correspond to that in noise. In one of the experiments, localized bending happened on one limb during compressing the core. While deformation of the core had not been intended, the noise was measured. The deformation increased the noise by more than 10 dBA and it occurred on most of the harmonic components. - Highlights: • Audible noise was measured on a model core to which compressive stress was applied. • The stress in the rolling direction of the steel causes a rise in noise level. • The slope of the rise in sound pressure level up to 2.5 MPa is about 2 dBA/MPa. • Variation in magnetostriction by stress does not entirely agree with that in noise. • Bend arisen in the core causes an extreme increase in noise

Magnetoelectric effect in two-layered self-biased composites Tb{sub 0.12}Dy{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.68}/epoxy - PbZr{sub 0.53}Ti{sub 0.47}O{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kalgin, A.V.; Gridnev, S.A.; Popov, I.I. [Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh (Russian Federation)

2017-03-15

Direct magnetoelectric (ME) effect in two-layered Tb{sub 0.12}Dy{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.68}/Epoxy - PbZr{sub 0.53}Ti{sub 0.47}O{sub 3} composites containing magnetostrictive layers of the epoxy with distributed in it Tb{sub 0.12}Dy{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.68} granules and piezoelectric layers of the PbZr{sub 0.53}Ti{sub 0.47}O{sub 3} ceramics was studied. It was found, that the gradient distribution of Tb{sub 0.12}Dy{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.68} granules in magnetostrictive layers induces the internal (self-biased) magnetic field. This field leads to the increase in ME responses in composites with the gradient distribution of Tb{sub 0.12}Dy{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.68} granules in magnetostrictive layers as compared with ME responses in composites with the random distribution of Tb{sub 0.12}Dy{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 0.68} granules in magnetostrictive layers, which does not induce the internal magnetic field. We revealed the possibility of controlling and determining values of the internal magnetic field in composites and conditions for obtaining optimal ME responses. (copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The effects of boron on Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2 compound

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Wu Lei; Chen Xicheng; Chen Xishen

1995-01-01

The magnetostrictive properties and microstructure of Tb 0.27 Dy 0.73 Fe 2 B x (x=0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) have been investigated. Measurement of magnetic properties, X-ray diffraction and magnetostriction were made on Tb 0.27 Dy 0.73 Fe 2 B x polycrystalline samples prepared by arc melting. With the increase of boron content x, the iron-rich phase which leads to the detriment of magnetostrictive properties, decreases. The matrix phase of these alloys also has the MgCu 2 structure. The lattice constant and Curie transition temperature change only slightly. The doping of boron in the Tb 0.27 Dy 0.73 Fe 2 alloy can restrain the emergence of the iron-rich phase. The peritectic region probably shifts slightly with the addition of boron. ((orig.))

Critical Behavior of Thermal Expansion and Magnetostriction in the Vicinity of the First order transition at the Curie Point of Gd₅(Si_xGe_1-x)₄

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Han, Mangui [Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)

2004-01-01

Thermal expansion (TE) and magnetostriction (MS) measurements have been conducted for Gd₅(Si_xGe_1-x)₄ with a series of x values to study its critical behavior in the vicinity of transition temperatures. It was found that the Curie temperature of Gd₅(Si_xGe_1-x)₄ for x 0 ~ 0.5 is dependent on magnetic field, direction of change of temperature (Tc on cooling was lower than Tc on heating), purity of Gd starting material, compositions, material preparation methods, and also can be triggered by the external magnetic field with a different dT/dB rate for different x values. For Gd₅(Si_1.95Ge_2.05), Gd₅(Si₂Ge₂), Gd₅(Si_2.09Ge_1.91), it was also found that the transition is a first order magneto-structural transition, which means the magnetic transition and crystalline structure transition occur simultaneously, and completely reversible. Temperature hysteresis and phase coexistence have been found to confirm that it is a first order transformation. While for Gd₅(Si_0.15Ge_3.85), it is partially reversible at some temperature range between the antiferromagnetic and the ferromagnetic state. For Gd₅(Si_2.3Ge_1.7) and Gd₅(Si₃Ge₁), it was a second order transformation between the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic state, because no ΔT have been found. Giant magnetostriction was only found on Gd₅(Si_1.95Ge_2.05), Gd₅(Si₂Ge₂), Gd₅(Si_2.09Ge_1.91) in their vicinity of first order transformation. MFM images have also been taken on polycrystal sample Gd₅(Si_2.09Ge_1.91) to investigate the transformation process. The results also indicates that the Curie temperature was lower and the thermally

Resonance line shape, strain and electric potential distributions of composite magnetoelectric sensors

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Martina Gerken

2013-06-01

Full Text Available Multiferroic composite magnetoelectric (ME sensors are based on the elastic coupling of a magnetostrictive phase and a piezoelectric phase. A deformation of the magnetostrictive phase causes strain in the piezoelectric phase and thus an induced voltage. Such sensors may be applied both for static as well as for dynamic magnetic field measurements. Particularly high sensitivities are achieved for operation at a mechanical resonance. Here, the resonance line shape of layered (2-2 composite cantilever ME sensors at the first bending-mode resonance is investigated theoretically. Finite element method (FEM simulations using a linear material model reveal an asymmetric resonance profile and a zero-response frequency for the ME coefficient. Frequency-dependent strain and electric potential distributions inside the magnetoelectric composite are studied for the case of a magnetostrictive-piezoelectric bilayer. It is demonstrated that a positive or a negative voltage may be induced across the piezoelectric layer depending on the position of the neutral plane. The frequency-dependent induced electric potential is investigated for structured cantilevers that exhibit magnetostriction only at specific positions. For static operation an induced voltage is obtained locally at positions with magnetostriction. In addition to this direct effect a resonance-assisted effect is observed for dynamic operation. Magnetostriction in a limited area of the cantilever causes a global vibration of the cantilever. Thus, deformation of the piezoelectric layer and an induced electric potential also occur in areas of the cantilever without magnetostriction. The direct and the resonance-assisted pathway may induce voltages of equal or of opposite sign. The net induced voltage results from the superposition of the two effects. As the resonance-assisted induced voltage changes sign upon passing the resonance frequency, while the direct component is constant, an asymmetric line

Nitrided FeB amorphous thin films for magneto mechanical systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fernandez-Martinez, I.; Martin-Gonzalez, M.S.; Gonzalez-Arrabal, R.; Alvarez-Sanchez, R.; Briones, F.; Costa-Kraemer, J.L.

2008-01-01

The structural, magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of Fe-B-N amorphous films, sputtered from a Fe 80 B 20 target, in a mixture of argon and nitrogen gas, are studied for different nitrogen partial pressures. Nitrogen incorporates into the film preserving the amorphous structure, and modifying magnetic properties. The amount of nitrogen that incorporates into the amorphous structure is found to scale linearly with the nitrogen partial pressure during film growth. The structure, magnetization, field evolution, magnetic anisotropy and magnetostrictive behaviour are determined for films with different nitrogen content. An ∼20% increase of both the saturation magnetization and the magnetostriction constant values is found for moderate (∼8%) nitrogen content when compared to those for pure Fe 80 B 20 amorphous films. These improved properties, together with the still low coercivity of the amorphous films offer great potential for their use in magnetostrictive micro and nano magneto mechanical actuator devices

Large low field room temperature magneto-dielectric response from (Sr_0_._5Ba_0_._5)Nb_2O_6/Co(Cr_0_._4Fe_1_._6)O_4 bulk 3-0 composites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rathore, Satyapal Singh; Vitta, Satish

2016-01-01

Highlights: • The essential highlights of this work are;. • Bulk composite with varying amounts of relaxor and ferromagnetic phases has been synthesized by simple steps. • Processing yields an optimal structure with 30% ferromagnetic phase to couple the two ferroic orders. • Magneto dielectric constant shows large changes, 3.2%, at room temperature in moderate magnetic fields. • Large changes in dielectric constant are due to configurational arrangement of the two phases. - Abstract: Bulk magneto-dielectric composites with a 3-0 configuration comprised of ferroelectric-magnetostrictive phases have been synthesized using (Sr_0_._5Ba_0_._5)Nb_2O_6–Co(Cr_0_._4Fe_1_._6)O_4 as the two constituents, respectively. The ferroelectric phase made by a dual stage sintering process has a uniform grain size of 15 μm while the magnetostrictive phase has a grain size of 2–3 μm. Composites synthesized by conventional solid state processing using these two constituents exhibit large magneto-dielectric coupling at room temperature which increases with increasing magnetic field. The composite with 30% magnetostrictive phase distributed uniformly in the ferroelectric phase has the most desirable microstructure and exhibits a large coupling with 3.2% change in the dielectric constant at 1 kHz and 8 kOe magnetic field. This change in dielectric constant was found to be a maximum with respect to variation of the fraction of magnetostrictive phase, indicating that 30% is the optimal value to realize large coupling between the two phases. The decrease in magneto-dielectric constant upon application of an external magnetic field is possibly due to the inherent magnetoresistance of the magnetic component. The resistivity of the magnetic component decreases in an external magnetic field leading to the formation of 3D percolating conducting paths. This causes the coupling to decrease in composites with >30% magnetostrictive phase.

Novel trends in the study of magnetically soft Co-based amorphous glass-coated wires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chiriac, H.; Ovari, T.-A.

2011-01-01

An overview of the recent progress and state-of-the-art results in the investigation of the amorphous glass-coated wires with nearly zero magnetostriction is presented. These versatile microwires display enhanced soft magnetic properties, which make them suitable as sensing elements in various sensors for biomedical and automotive applications. Current results on their magnetic characteristics refer to a major refinement of their core-shell magnetic structure by taking into account the interdomain wall and to the thorough analysis of the magnetization within the outer shell. Experimental techniques such as giant magneto-impedance, magneto-resistance, and magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements are employed to prove the outcome of the theoretical calculations. The impact of the magnetic structure of the outer shell on the propagation of domain walls in bistable amorphous wires is analyzed. Very recent results on the magnetization process in nearly zero magnetostrictive amorphous glass-coated wires with submicron dimensions are also reviewed. - Highlights: → The most recent advances in the study of amorphous glass-coated wires with nearly zero magnetostriction are surveyed. → Major progress in the study of their domain structure: the wide interdomain wall, which affects high frequency phenomena. → The magnetization of the outer shell depends on wire diameter and affects the wall propagation in bistable samples. → These novel results are important for future sensor applications of nearly zero magnetostrictive amorphous microwires.

Ballistic magnetoresistance of electrodeposited nanocontacts in thin film and micrometer wire gaps

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia, N.; Cheng, H.; Wang, H.; Nikolic, N.D.; Guerrero, C.A.; Papageorgopoulos, A.C.

2004-01-01

In this paper, we review the recent advances and progress in ballistic magnetoresistance (BMR) in magnetic nanocontacts electrodeposited in thin films and micrometer gaps. We report the influence of magnetostriction in the measurements under different configurations and substrates, as well as the contribution of the magnetic material forming the contacts. To avoid the magnetostriction effect, we have fabricated magnetic nanocontacts in Cu wires and Cu films. Similar BMR results can be observed in these systems. Our results show that the BMR effect should depend on the microproperties of the nanocontacts and should not be related with the macroproperties of the electrodes. The magnetostriction results, measured by an atomic force microscopy system with a built-in electromagnet, clearly show that there is no direct relationship between the displacement (caused by the magnetostriction effect) and the value of BMR. In fact, we present large magnetoresistance values for permalloy, coinciding with displacements in the latter's structure less than 1 nm, which is the smallest clearly observable shift allowed by our atomic force microscope. Repetitions of hundreds of R(H) curves are presented for different materials with different coercive fields. The interpretation of the results is based on the formation of an interfacial transparent layer (non-stoichiometric oxide, sulfur, etc.) at the nanocontact where the theory can explain large magnetoresistance values

Tunable features of magnetoelectric transformers.

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, Shuxiang; Zhai, Junyi; Priya, Shashank; Li, Jie-Fang; Viehland, Dwight

2009-06-01

We have found that magnetostrictive FeBSiC alloy ribbons laminated with piezoelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3) fiber can act as a tunable transformer when driven under resonant conditions. These composites were also found to exhibit the strongest resonant magnetoelectric voltage coefficient of 750 V/cm-Oe. The tunable features were achieved by applying small dc magnetic biases of -5 transformer features can be attributed to large changes in the piezomagnetic coefficient and permeability of the magnetostrictive phase under H(dc).

Effect of lithographically-induced strain relaxation on the magnetic domain configuration in microfabricated epitaxially grown Fe81Ga19

Science.gov (United States)

Beardsley, R. P.; Parkes, D. E.; Zemen, J.; Bowe, S.; Edmonds, K. W.; Reardon, C.; Maccherozzi, F.; Isakov, I.; Warburton, P. A.; Campion, R. P.; Gallagher, B. L.; Cavill, S. A.; Rushforth, A. W.

2017-02-01

We investigate the role of lithographically-induced strain relaxation in a micron-scaled device fabricated from epitaxial thin films of the magnetostrictive alloy Fe81Ga19. The strain relaxation due to lithographic patterning induces a magnetic anisotropy that competes with the magnetocrystalline and shape induced anisotropies to play a crucial role in stabilising a flux-closing domain pattern. We use magnetic imaging, micromagnetic calculations and linear elastic modelling to investigate a region close to the edges of an etched structure. This highly-strained edge region has a significant influence on the magnetic domain configuration due to an induced magnetic anisotropy resulting from the inverse magnetostriction effect. We investigate the competition between the strain-induced and shape-induced anisotropy energies, and the resultant stable domain configurations, as the width of the bar is reduced to the nanoscale range. Understanding this behaviour will be important when designing hybrid magneto-electric spintronic devices based on highly magnetostrictive materials.

Structural transformations in quenched Fe-Ga alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lograsso, T.A.; Ross, A.R.; Schlagel, D.L.; Clark, A.E.; Wun-Fogle, M.

2003-01-01

It has been speculated that the large increase in magnetostriction in Fe-Ga alloys results from local short-range ordering of the Ga atoms along specific crystallographic directions in the disordered Fe structure. The structural transitions associated with different cooling rates from the high temperature disordered state were investigated with X-ray diffraction of oriented single crystals of Fe-19 at% Ga. Results are presented for long-range ordering during slow cooling and indirect evidence of local short-range ordering of Ga atoms in the disordered state when the alloys are quenched is also presented. In the latter case, the short-range ordering of Ga atoms leads to a tetragonal distortion of the lattice. The dependence of the magnetostrictive response of Fe-Ga alloys on thermal history has been found to be directly related to these structural transformations in Fe-19 at% Ga alloys and experimental support for the proposed magnetostriction model based on Ga-Ga pairing along [100] crystallographic directions is presented

Simulation of field effects on the mechanical hysteresis of Terfenol rods and magnetic shape memory materials using vector Preisach-type models

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Adly, A.A.; Davino, D.; Visone, C.

2006-01-01

Materials exhibiting gigantic magnetostriction and magnetic shape memory are currently being widely used in various applications. Recently, an approach based on simulating 1-D magnetostriction using 2-D anisotropic Preisach-type models has been introduced. The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed formulation and quantitative assessment for the simulation of field effects on the mechanical hysteresis of Terfenol rods and magnetic shape memory materials using this recently proposed model. Details of the model formulation, identification procedure and experimental testing are given in the paper

Spin reorientation and magnetoelastic properties of ferromagnetic T b1 -xN dxC o2 systems with a morphotropic phase boundary

Science.gov (United States)

Murtaza, Adil; Yang, Sen; Chang, Tieyan; Ghani, Awais; Khan, Muhammad Tahir; Zhang, Rui; Zhou, Chao; Song, Xiaoping; Suchomel, Matthew; Ren, Yang

2018-03-01

The spin reorientation (SR) and magnetoelastic properties of pseudobinary ferromagnetic T b1 -xN dxC o2 (0 ≤x ≤1.0 ) systems involving a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were studied by high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetization, and magnetostriction measurements. The easy magnetization direction of the Laves phase lies along the 〈111 〉 axis with x 0.65 below Curie temperature (TC). The temperature-dependent magnetization curves showed SR; this can be explained by a two-sublattice model. Based on the synchrotron (XRD) and magnetization measurements, the SR phase diagram for a MPB composition of T b0.35N d0.65C o2 was obtained. Contrary to previously reported ferromagnetic systems involving MPB, the MPB composition of T b0.35N d0.65C o2 exhibits a low saturation magnetization (MS), indicating a compensation of the Tb and Nd magnetic moments at MPB. The anisotropic magnetostriction (λS) first decreased until x =0.8 and then continuously increased in the negative direction with further increase of Nd concentration. The decrease in magnetostriction can be attributed to the decrease of spontaneous magnetostriction λ111 and increase of λ100 with opposite sign to λ111. This paper indicates an anomalous type of MPB in the ferromagnetic T b1 -xN dxC o2 system and provides an active way to design novel functional materials with exotic properties.

Morphotropic phase boundary and magnetoelastic behaviour in ferromagnetic Tb{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}Fe{sub 2} system

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Adil, Murtaza; Yang, Sen, E-mail: yang.sen@mail.xjtu.edu.cn; Mi, Meng; Zhou, Chao, E-mail: zhouch1982@gmail.com; Wang, Jieqiong; Zhang, Rui; Liao, Xiaoqi; Wang, Yu; Ren, Xiaobing; Song, Xiaoping, E-mail: xpsong@mail.xjtu.edu.cn [School of Sciences, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Ren, Yang [X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States)

2015-03-30

Morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), separating two ferroic phases of different crystal symmetries, has been studied extensively for its extraordinary enhancement of piezoelectricity in ferroelectrics. Based on the same mechanism, we have designed a magnetic MPB in the pseudobinary ferromagnetic system of Tb{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}Fe{sub 2} and the corresponding crystal structure, magnetic properties, and magnetostriction are explored. With the synchrotron x-ray diffractometry, the structure symmetry of TbFe{sub 2}-rich compositions is detected to be rhombohedral (R) and that of GdFe{sub 2}-rich compositions is tetragonal (T) below T{sub c}. With the change of concentration, the value of magnetostriction of the samples changes monotonously, while the MPB composition Tb{sub 0.1}Gd{sub 0.9}Fe{sub 2}, which corresponds to the coexistence of R and T phases, exhibits the maximum magnetization among all available compositions and superposition of magnetostriction behaviour of R and T phases. Our result of MPB phenomena in ferromagnets may provide an effective route to design functional magnetic materials with exotic properties.

Effects of DC bias on magnetic performance of high grades grain-oriented silicon steels

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma, Guang; Cheng, Ling [Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology,Beijing 102211 (China); Lu, Licheng [State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing 100031 (China); Yang, Fuyao; Chen, Xin [Global Energy Interconnection Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Transmission Technology,Beijing 102211 (China); Zhu, Chengzhi [State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company, Hangzhou 310007 (China)

2017-03-15

When high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission adopting mono-polar ground return operation mode or unbalanced bipolar operation mode, the invasion of DC current into neutral point of alternating current (AC) transformer will cause core saturation, temperature increasing, and vibration acceleration. Based on the MPG-200D soft magnetic measurement system, the influence of DC bias on magnetic performance of 0.23 mm and 0.27 mm series (P{sub 1.7}=0.70–1.05 W/kg, B{sub 8}>1.89 T) grain-oriented (GO) silicon steels under condition of AC / DC hybrid excitation were systematically realized in this paper. For the high magnetic induction GO steels (core losses are the same), greater thickness can lead to stronger ability of resisting DC bias, and the reasons for it were analyzed. Finally, the magnetostriction and A-weighted magnetostriction velocity level of GO steel under DC biased magnetization were researched. - Highlights: • Magnetic properties of 0.23 mm and 0.27 mm series (P{sub 1.7}=0.70–1.05 W/kg, B{sub 8}>1.89 T) grain-oriented (GO) silicon steels under condition of AC / DC hybrid excitation were systematically analyzed. • Influence of DC biased magnetization on core loss, magnetostriction, and A-weighted magnetostriction velocity level of GO steel were researched. • Greater thickness and relatively lower magnetic induction (B{sub 8}>1.89 T yet) of GO steel can lead to stronger ability of resisting DC bias, and the reasons for it were analyzed.

Electromagnetic generation of volume waves in RFe2 intermetallics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Il'yasov, R.S.; Borovkova, M.A.

1996-01-01

Experimental results are presented on the phenomenon of electromagneto-acoustic transformation of longitudinal and cross waves in RFe 2 intermetallics. It is shown that in the range from the room temperature to Curie point the generation of ultrasound occurs only at the expense of one-ion anisotropic magnetostriction. In the vicinity of Curie point the contribution of isotropic magnetostriction of paraprocess is not observed. The quantitative interpretation is given to temperature and field dependences of electromagneto-acoustic transformation parameters. A noticeable temperature hysteresis of the above-mentioned transformation is revealed in ErFe 2 near the point of compensation. 7 refs.; 5 figs

The DEIS high energy muon spectrometer. II. The data acquisition system

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Allkofer, O.C.; Dau, W.D.; Faehnders, E.; Jokisch, H.; Kaleschke, G.P.; Klemke, G.; Sauerland, K.; Schmidtke, G.; Uhr, R.C.; Bella, G.; Oren, Y.; Virni, U.; Seidman, A.

1977-01-01

The whole spectrometer is read out and controlled on-line via a CAMAC-system by a minicomputer. The magnetostrictive read out signals of 66 magnetostrictive read out wands of the wire spark chambers are digitized by 20-MHz-scalers which can store up to 8 sparks per chamber. The time-of-flight of the muon, the pulse heights of the scintillation counters, the time of event are also recorded. The on-line-computer makes reliability checks of the data and stores them together with monitor data about magnetic field, gas and high voltage system, etc. on magnetic tape for off-line analysis. (author)

The piezo-magnetic parameters of Terfenol-D: An experimental viewpoint

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Davino, D.; Giustiniani, A.; Visone, C.

2012-01-01

Magnetostrictive and all multifunctional materials have experienced in the last decades a growing technological interest. Several contributions, in the literature, propose the above-mentioned materials in innovative sensors and actuators both for bulk and MEMS devices. More recently, magnetostrictive materials have been proposed for energy harvesting applications by exploiting the so-called Villari effect. In this case, the behavior and the amplitude of the piezo-magnetic coefficients are an important element to evaluate the conversion efficiency. Aim of this paper is to study the experimental behavior of the piezo-magnetic coefficients of a commercial Terfenol-D rod under controlled conditions.

Magnetoelastic properties of terfenol composites (abstract)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dennis, K.W.; Govindaraju, M.R.; Jiles, D.C.; Linde, M.; McCallum, R.W.

1997-01-01

Recent work was undertaken to identify the possibility of using composite Terfenol, consisting of Tb Dy Fe in a nonmagnetic, nonmetallic binder, for magnetoelastic sensor applications in which the material needs to be formed into complex shapes, and in which the high levels of magnetostriction obtained in Tb Dy endash Fe alone are unnecessary. Recent results reported by Sandlund et al. have indicated the possible use of such a material in high frequency applications. In this work we have studied the material for low frequency, or even dc applications, in which the material could be used to sense an applied torque. The results showed that these composite materials need magnetic fields of typically 800 kA/m to obtain the magnetostriction levels of 350 ppm reported elsewhere. Similar work by Peters needed fields of over 1 MA/m to obtain magnetostrictive strains beyond 100 ppm. Such field strengths are impractical for low power devices. From the present work, 38 μm Terfenol powder in an epoxy or polymer binder gave magnetostrictive strains of 120 ppm and above for field strengths of 100 kA/m, which is much more appropriate for small low power sensors. A benchmark sensitivity of 18 μ T/Nm for measurement of torque levels over the range ± 10 Nm was set based on the response of nickel which has previously been used in magnetoelastic sensors. In the present composite material axial magnetic induction sensitivities of 32 μ T/Nm and tangential field sensitivities of 12 A/Nm (=15 μT/Nm) were obtained, which were 50% better than nickel. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Influence of intermediate annealing on abnormal Goss grain growth in the rolled columnar-grained Fe-Ga-Al alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Liu, Yangyang; Li, Jiheng; Gao, Xuexu

2017-01-01

Highlights: • Texture of primary IA sample was dominated by γ-fiber with a peak at {1 1 1}<1 1 0>. • Texture of primary CR sample was dominated by {1 1 3}<1 1 4> texture. • Inhomogeneous microstructure was significantly improved in primary IA sample. • Strong Goss texture was obtained in final IA sample without surface energy control. - Abstract: Magnetostrictive Fe 82 Ga 4.5 Al 13.5 sheets with 0.1 at% NbC were prepared from directional solidified alloys with <0 0 1> preferred orientation. The slabs were hot rolled at 650 °C and warm rolled at 500 °C. Then some warm-rolled sheets were annealed intermediately at 850 °C for 5 min but the others not. After that, all the sheets were cold rolled to a final thickness of ∼0.3 mm. The microstructures, the textures and the distributions of second phase particles in the primary recrystallized samples were investigated. With intermediate annealing, the inhomogeneous microstructure was improved remarkably and strong Goss ({1 1 0}<0 0 1>) and γ-fiber (<1 1 1>//normal direction [ND]) textures were produced in the primary recrystallized samples. But, an evident disadvantage in size and quantity was observed for Goss grains in the primary recrystallized sample without intermediate annealing. After a final annealing, the final textures and magnetostrictions of samples with and without intermediate annealing were characterized. For samples without intermediate annealing, abnormal growth of {1 1 3} grains occurred and deteriorated the magnetostriction. In contrast, abnormal Goss grain growth occurred completely in samples with intermediate annealing and led to saturation magnetostriction as high as 156 ppm.

Influence of intermediate annealing on abnormal Goss grain growth in the rolled columnar-grained Fe-Ga-Al alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Liu, Yangyang; Li, Jiheng; Gao, Xuexu, E-mail: gaox@skl.ustb.edu.cn

2017-08-01

Highlights: • Texture of primary IA sample was dominated by γ-fiber with a peak at {1 1 1}<1 1 0>. • Texture of primary CR sample was dominated by {1 1 3}<1 1 4> texture. • Inhomogeneous microstructure was significantly improved in primary IA sample. • Strong Goss texture was obtained in final IA sample without surface energy control. - Abstract: Magnetostrictive Fe{sub 82}Ga{sub 4.5}Al{sub 13.5} sheets with 0.1 at% NbC were prepared from directional solidified alloys with <0 0 1> preferred orientation. The slabs were hot rolled at 650 °C and warm rolled at 500 °C. Then some warm-rolled sheets were annealed intermediately at 850 °C for 5 min but the others not. After that, all the sheets were cold rolled to a final thickness of ∼0.3 mm. The microstructures, the textures and the distributions of second phase particles in the primary recrystallized samples were investigated. With intermediate annealing, the inhomogeneous microstructure was improved remarkably and strong Goss ({1 1 0}<0 0 1>) and γ-fiber (<1 1 1>//normal direction [ND]) textures were produced in the primary recrystallized samples. But, an evident disadvantage in size and quantity was observed for Goss grains in the primary recrystallized sample without intermediate annealing. After a final annealing, the final textures and magnetostrictions of samples with and without intermediate annealing were characterized. For samples without intermediate annealing, abnormal growth of {1 1 3} grains occurred and deteriorated the magnetostriction. In contrast, abnormal Goss grain growth occurred completely in samples with intermediate annealing and led to saturation magnetostriction as high as 156 ppm.

Modified small angle magnetization rotation method in multilayer magnetic microwires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torrejon, J.; Badini, G.; Pirota, K.; Vazquez, M.

2007-01-01

The small angle magnetization rotation (SAMR) technique is a widely used method to quantify magnetostriction in elongated ultrasoft magnetic materials. In the present work, we introduce significant optimization of the method, particularly simplification of the required equipment, profiting of the very peculiar characteristics of a recently introduced family of multilayer magnetic microwires consisting of a soft magnetic core, insulating intermediate layer and a hard magnetic outer layer. The introduced modified SAMR method is used not only to determine the saturation magnetostriction constant of the soft magnetic nucleus but also the magnetoelastic and magnetostatic coupling. This new method has a great potential in multifunctional sensor applications

Applications of Ferromagnetic and Optical Materials, Storage and Magnetoelectronics: Symposia Held in San Francisco, California, U.S.A. on April 16-20, 2001

National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

Borg, Herman

2001-01-01

.... In the past decade there have been unprecedented developments; in ferromagnetic materials, resulting in much-improved magneto-optical, magneto-resistive, magnetostrictive, permanent and nanocrystalline soft magnetic...

Surface magnetic anisotropy in glass-coated amorphous microwires as determined from ferromagnetic resonance measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Garcia-Miquel, H.; Garcia, J.M.; Garcia-Beneytez, J.M.; Vazquez, M.

2001-01-01

The ferromagnetic resonance frequency of different Co base glass-coated amorphous magnetic microwires about 3.5 μm in diameter with negative, vanishing and positive magnetostriction has been investigated from power absorption measurements in the microwave frequency range. The experimental technique employed here involves the replacement of the dielectric of a coaxial transmission line by the sample to be measured. From the evolution of the resonance frequency with DC applied magnetic field, the surface magnetic anisotropy field of the microwires has been quantitatively obtained and, as expected, found to depend on the sign and strength of the magnetostriction. Similar values for the surface anisotropy are obtained in comparison with bulk anisotropy as determined from quasi-static hysteresis loops measurements

Introduction to special session on "ultrasonic transducers for harsh environments

Science.gov (United States)

Tittmann, B. R.; Reinhardt, B.; Daw, J.

2018-04-01

This work describes the results of experiments conducted as part of an instrumented lead test in-core in a nuclear reactor with the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials. The experiments exposed AlN, ZnO, BiT, Remendur, and Galfenol to more neutron radiation than found in the literature. The magnetostrictive sensors produce stable ultrasonic pulse-echoes throughout much of the irradiation. The BiT transducers could operate up until approximate 5 × 10^20 n/cm^2 (E>1MeV). The piezoelectric AlN operated well during the entire experiment. The results imply that now available are candidates for operation in harsh environments found in nuclear reactors and steam generator plants.

Enhanced efficiency in the excitation of higher modes for atomic force microscopy and mechanical sensors operated in liquids

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Penedo, M., E-mail: mapenedo@imm.cnm.csic.es; Hormeño, S.; Fernández-Martínez, I.; Luna, M.; Briones, F. [IMM-Instituto de Microelectrónica de Madrid (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid (Spain); Raman, A. [Birck Nanotechnology Center and School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47904 (United States)

2014-10-27

Recent developments in dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy where several eigenmodes are simultaneously excited in liquid media are proving to be an excellent tool in biological studies. Despite its relevance, the search for a reliable, efficient, and strong cantilever excitation method is still in progress. Herein, we present a theoretical modeling and experimental results of different actuation methods compatible with the operation of Atomic Force Microscopy in liquid environments: ideal acoustic, homogeneously distributed force, distributed applied torque (MAC Mode™), photothermal and magnetostrictive excitation. From the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that magnetostriction is the strongest and most efficient technique for higher eigenmode excitation when using soft cantilevers in liquid media.

Effect of Nb on magnetic and mechanical properties of TbDyFe alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Naijuan; Liu, Yuan; Zhang, Huawei; Chen, Xiang; Li, Yanxiang

2018-03-01

The intrinsic brittleness in giant magnetostrictive material TbDyFe alloy has devastating influence on the machinability and properties of the alloy, thus affecting its applications. The purpose of this paper is to study the mechanical properties of the TbDyFe alloy by alloying with Nb element. The samples (Tb0.3Dy0.7)xFe2xNby (y = 0, 0.01, 0.04, 0.07, 0.1; 3x + y = 1) were melted in an arc melting furnace under high purity argon atmosphere. The microstructure, magnetostrictive properties and mechanical performance of the alloys were studied systematically. The results showed that NbFe2 phases were observed in the alloys with the addition of Nb. Moreover, both the NbFe2 phases and rare earth (RE)-rich phases were increased with the increasing of Nb element. The mechanical properties results revealed that the fracture toughness of the alloy with the addition of Nb enhanced 1.5-5 times of the Nb-free alloy. Both the NbFe2 phase and the RE-rich phase had the ability to prevent crack propagation, so that they can strengthen the REFe2 body. However, NbFe2 phase is a paramagnetic phase, which can reduce the magnetostrictive properties of the alloy by excessive precipitation.

Structural and physical property study of sol-gel synthesized CoFe2-xHoxO4 nano ferrites

Science.gov (United States)

Patankar, K. K.; Ghone, D. M.; Mathe, V. L.; Kaushik, S. D.

2018-05-01

CoFe2-xHoxO4 (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) ferrites were prepared by the suitably modified Sol-Gel technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the substituted samples show phase pure formation till 10% substitution, which is far higher phase pure than the earlier reports. Upon further substitution an inevitable secondary phase of HoFeO3 along with the spinel phase despite regulating synthesis parameters in the sol-gel reaction route. These results are further corroborated more convincingly by room temperature neutron diffraction. Morphological features of the ferrites were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The magnetic parameters viz. the saturation magnetization (Ms), coercivity (Hc) and remanence (Mr) were determined from room temperature isothermal magnetization. These parameters were found to decrease with increase in Ho substitution. The decrease in magnetization is analyzed in the light of exchange interactions between rare earth and transition metal ions. Magnetostriction measurements revealed interesting results and the presence of a secondary phase was found to be responsible for decreased measu-red magnetostriction values. The solubility limit of Ho in CoFe2O4 lattice is also reflected from the X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis and magnetostriction studies.

A study on magnetoelastic properties of Tb3 (Fe28-xCox) V1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gholizadeh, A.; Tajabor, N.; Pourarian, F.

2012-01-01

In this work, The magnetoelastic properties of polycrystalline samples of Tb 3 (Fe 28-x Co x ) V 1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) intermetallic compounds are investigated by means of linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements in the temperature range of 77-515 K under applied magnetic fields up to 1.5 T. The linear thermal expansion increases with the Co content. The well-defined anomalies observed in the linear thermal expansion coefficients for Tb 3 (Fe 28-x Co x ) V 1.0 (x=0, 3, 6) compounds are associated with the magnetic ordering temperature for x=0 and spin reorientation temperatures for x=3, 6. Below transition temperatures, the value of the longitudinal magnetostriction (λ Pa ) at 1.6 T increases with Co content.

Long-pulse magnetic field facility at Zaragoza

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Algarabel, P A; Moral, A del; Martin, C; Serrate, D; Tokarz, W

2006-01-01

The long-pulse magnetic field facility of the Laboratorio de Magnetismo - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon (Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC) produces magnetic fields up to 31, with a pulse duration of 2.2s. Experimental set-ups for measurements of magnetization, magnetostriction and magnetoresistance are available. The temperature can be controlled between 1.4 and 335 K, being the inner bore of the He cryostat of 22.5 mm. Magnetization is measured using the mutual induction technique, the magnetostriction is determined with the strain-gage and the capacitive cantilever methods, and the magnetoresistance is measured by means of the aclock-in technique in the 4-probes geometry. An overview of the facility will be presented and the presently available experimental techniques will be discussed

Magnetoelectric effect in structures which consist from ferrimagnetic and piezoelectric components

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Koronovs'kij, V.Je.

2007-01-01

Magnetoelectric (ME) properties of the structure which consists from mechanically connected magnetostriction and piezoelectric plates were investigated on example of the yttrium-ferrite-garnet (YIG) - piezoelectric. The laser polarimeter is using

Magnetoelectric Nanocomposites for Flexible Electronics

KAUST Repository

Al-Nassar, Mohammed Y.

2015-01-01

inside anodic aluminum oxide membranes is discussed. Characterization of electrodeposited iron, nickel and highly magnetostrictive iron-gallium alloy NWs was done using XRD, electron and magnetic force microscopy. Second, different nanocomposite films

Effect of Mechanical Stresses and Annealing on the Magnetic Structure and the Magnetic Impedance of Amorphous CoFeSiBCr Microwires

Science.gov (United States)

Nematov, M. G.; Salem, M. M.; Azim, U.; Akhmat, M.; Morchenko, A. T.; Yudanov, N. A.; Panina, L. V.

2018-02-01

The structural and magnetic properties of amorphous ferromagnetic microwires can undergo significant measurements under the action of external mechanical stresses and heat treatment. The study of transformations occurring in this case is important for designing various sensors of mechanical stresses, loading, and temperature and also for inducing in the wires a certain type of magnetic anisotropy that plays a significant role in the realization of various effects in them. In this work, the influence of external stresses and annealing on the processes of the magnetization and the magnetic impedance of Co71Fe5B11Si10Cr3 microwires having a low positive magnetostriction ( 10-8) in amorphous state has been studied. The influence of external stresses leads to a sharp change in the character of the magnetization reversal curve, which was due to the change in the sign of the magnetostriction and the type of magnetic anisotropy. The amplitude of higher harmonics and the value of the magnetic impedance, respectively, are sensitive to mechanical stresses. Elastic stresses in the wires with a partial crystallization do not lead to a marked change in the magnetic properties; however, annealing can lead to a substantial increase in the axial magnetic anisotropy of the wires existing in the stressed state. The experimental results are analyzed in the framework of a magnetostriction model of induced magnetic anisotropy.

X ray topographic study of defects and magnetic domains in rare earth iron garnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mathiot, Alain.

1975-11-01

X ray topographs allow simultaneous observations of crystalline defects and magnetic domain walls (except 180 deg ones). The easy magnetization directions of rare earth iron garnets are and the equilibrium texture of (110) silices is limited by a rectangular array of 71 deg and 109 deg walls. Since the anisotropy and magnetostriction of the choosen compounds (TbIG and DyIG) increase sharply when the temperature is lowered, the influence of these parameters has been studied between 300K and 4.2K. Because of the increase of spontaneous magnetization and anisotropy, the domain number increases at low temperatures and the texture becomes less sensitive to the crystal imperfections. Besides the 109 deg walls disappear almost completely from the pattern; this has been shown to be due to the respective values of the wall energies, and particularly to the influence of the K 2 anisotropy constant. The contrasts observed on the topographs increase also sharply, because of the high values of the lambda 111 coefficient of spontaneous magnetostriction at low temperatures. A splitting of the Brugg reflection peak into two, below 60K for TbIG, each part corresponding to one family of domains, allowed a direct of lambda 111 . The garnets are materials chosen to study domain walls because of the large range of the anisotropy and magnetostriction values obtained in those compounds [fr

Study of Galfenol direct cytotoxicity and remote microactuation in cells.

Science.gov (United States)

Vargas-Estevez, Carolina; Blanquer, Andreu; Dulal, Prabesh; Pérez Del Real, Rafael; Duch, Marta; Ibáñez, Elena; Barrios, Leonardo; Murillo, Gonzalo; Torras, Núria; Nogués, Carme; Stadler, Bethanie J H; Plaza, José A; Esteve, Jaume

2017-09-01

Remote microactuators are of great interest in biology and medicine as minimally-invasive tools for cellular stimulation. Remote actuation can be achieved by active magnetostrictive transducers which are capable of changing shape in response to external magnetic fields thereby creating controlled displacements. Among the magnetostrictive materials, Galfenol, the multifaceted iron-based smart material, offers high magnetostriction with robust mechanical properties. In order to explore these capabilities for biomedical applications, it is necessary to study the feasibility of material miniaturization in standard fabrication processes as well as evaluate the biocompatibility. Here we develop a technology to fabricate, release, and suspend Galfenol-based microparticles, without affecting the integrity of the material. The morphology, composition and magnetic properties of the material itself are characterized. The direct cytotoxicity of Galfenol is evaluated in vitro using human macrophages, osteoblast and osteosarcoma cells. In addition, cytotoxicity and actuation of Galfenol microparticles in suspension are evaluated using human macrophages. The biological parameters analyzed indicate that Galfenol is not cytotoxic, even after internalization of some of the particles by macrophages. The microparticles were remotely actuated forming intra- and extracellular chains that did not impact the integrity of the cells. The results propose Galfenol as a suitable material to develop remote microactuators for cell biology studies and intracellular applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

UH.sub.3./sub.-based ferromagnets: new look at an old material

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Havela, L.; Paukov, M.; Tkach, I.; Matěj, Z.; Kriegner, D.; Mašková, S.; Vondráčková, B.; Prachařová, M.; Turek, I.; Diviš, M.; Cieslar, M.; Drozdenko, D.; Kim-Ngan, N.-T.H.; Andreev, Alexander V.

2016-01-01

Roč. 400, Feb (2016), 130-136 ISSN 0304-8853 Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : uranium * hydride * ferromagnetism * coercivity * magnetostriction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.630, year: 2016

On-line Measurement of Boiler Tube Corrosion Rates using Dedicated EMAT (HT-EMAT) Phase 1

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Borggreen, Kjeld (SydTek AB, Malmoe (Sweden))

2009-06-15

The project includes development of prototype HT-EMAT (High Temperature Electro Magnetic Acoustic Transducer) probes and testing of these in laboratory environment at high temperatures. The following results were obtained: Standard Alnico (Al-Ni-Co-Fe) magnets are sufficiently strong to drive a HT-EMAT probe in the magnetostrictive mode at temperatures up to 550 deg C. With a standard (diam)20 x 40 mm Alnico magnet, the number of turns in the coil using a 0.25 mm wire should be 25 - 30 to give optimum response and highest accuracy. The velocity of shear type sound waves in metals varies linearly with temperature in the interval considered. The prototype HT-EMAT only needs to be calibrated at room temperature, which is a simple procedure. If the temperature dependence of the velocity of the sound waves in steels is taking into account, the prototype probe gives excellent results at temperatures up to 550 deg C. The coil and the connection wire should preferably have a high electric conductivity to minimize damping, skin effects, and impedance mismatch, and also a high oxidation resistance. Pure copper and fine silver are the candidate materials for the HT-EMAT. Deposition of magnetostrictive layers on steel surfaces has been resolved. Magnetite seems as the only useful material until further. Thin layers of natural grown magnetite can be made by long term heat treatments. Thicker layers of artificial magnetite can be made by thermal spraying. Most of the reduction in efficiency of the HT-EMAT probe at high temperatures may be explained by the thermal dependence of the magnetostrictive constant for magnetite. Because the magnetostriction of magnetite disappears at its Curie temperature, the theoretical temperature limit for the HT-EMAT probe is foreseen to be 575 deg C. The prototype HT-EMAT performed well up to 550 deg C both during long time testing and at dynamic testing. The electronic and mechanical stabilities were excellent

Study of piezo-actuators for the improvement of the frequency tuning and setup of a quench locating system for the accelerating structures of the S-DALINAC

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sievers, Sven Thorsten

2013-01-01

The intention of this doctoral thesis was to find a replacement for the magnetostrictive fine tuners of the superconducting accelerating cavities of the S-DALINAC and to enlarge the range of diagnostics for these cavities. For these purposes a vertical bath cryostat has been assembled and put into operation. Within the framework of this thesis that cryostat was used (i) to test stroke and reliability of modern piezo actuators in liquid helium at 4 and 2 K and (ii) to set up a newly developed system for the localization of quenches in superconducting cavities based on second sound in superfluid helium. The negative impact of magnetic fields on the quality factor of superconducting cavities make the operation of magnetostrictive tuners nearby the cavities disadvantageous. In order to avoid a decrease of the quality factor of the cavities the magnetostrictive tuners should be replaced by non-magnetic ones. For that purpose modern piezo actuators were tested within this doctoral thesis relating to their stroke at cryogenic temperatures, their compatibility with the RF-control system of the S-DALINAC and their operational reliability in superfluid helium. The results indicate the possibility of operation of these actuators. Because piezo actuators of the same stroke only have the seventh part of length of a magnetostrictive tuner, it is possible to operate several piezo actuators at every cavity. This increases not only the range of the tuning system but also its reliability. Already tiny defects at the inner surface of superconducting cavities can cause quenching before the designed field intensity is reached. A quench results in waves of second sound in superfluid helium. The second sound can be measured by special microphones, so called Oscillating Superleak Transducers (OST), and the location of quenching can be calculated via triangulation. Such a system has been built up and tested successfully in the context of this doctoral thesis. The visual examination of the

Magnetodielectric effect of Mn–Zn ferrite at resonant frequency

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pengfei, Pan; Ning, Zhang

2016-01-01

The dielectric properties and the magnetodielectric effect in Mn–Zn ferrite at resonant frequency have been studied in this paper. Dimensional-resonance-induced abnormal dielectric spectrum was observed at f≈1 MHz. The relatively large magnetodielectric ratio of 4500% in a magnetic field of 3.5 kOe was achieved from the Mn–Zn ferrite sample with the initial permeability of 15 K at resonant frequency at room temperature. Theoretical analysis suggests that the large MD effect at resonant frequency is attributed to the enhanced magnetostriction effect. - Highlights: • Dimensional resonance was measured in dielectric spectrum at f≈1 MHz. • The MD ratio of 4500% was induced by H = 3.5 kOe at resonant frequency. • The magnetostriction effect leads to the large MD effect at resonant frequency.

Dynamics of the lattice and spins in the phase-separated manganite (Eu{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}){sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Taniguchi, Haruka, E-mail: tanig@iwate-u.ac.jp [Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Kimura, Daichi; Matsukawa, Michiaki; Inomata, Tasuku; Kobayashi, Satoru [Department of Physical Science and Materials Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka 020-8551 (Japan); Nimori, Shigeki [National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047 (Japan); Suryanarayanan, Ramanathaan [Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l’Etat Solide, CNRS, UMR8182, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay (France)

2017-06-15

We investigated slow relaxations of the magnetostriction and residual magnetostriction of the phase-separated system (Eu{sub 1−x}Gd{sub x}){sub 0.6}Sr{sub 0.4}MnO{sub 3}, in which the metamagnetic transition from a paramagnetic insulating state to a ferromagnetic metallic state is accompanied by a lattice shrinkage. The relaxations are well fitted by a stretched exponential function, suggesting the strong frustration between the double exchange interaction and Jahn-Teller effect. We have revealed that the Gd substitution suppresses the frozen phase-separated phase at low temperatures and stabilizes the paramagnetic insulating state in the dynamic phase-separated phase at intermediate temperatures. The former origin would be the randomness effect and the latter would be the suppression of the double exchange interaction.

Long-pulse magnetic field facility at Zaragoza

Science.gov (United States)

Algarabel, P. A.; del Moral, A.; Martín, C.; Serrate, D.; Tokarz, W.

2006-11-01

The long-pulse magnetic field facility of the Laboratorio de Magnetismo - Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC) produces magnetic fields up to 31, with a pulse duration of 2.2s. Experimental set-ups for measurements of magnetization, magnetostriction and magnetoresistance are available. The temperature can be controlled between 1.4 and 335 K, being the inner bore of the He cryostat of 22.5 mm. Magnetization is measured using the mutual induction technique, the magnetostriction is determined with the strain-gage and the capacitive cantilever methods, and the magnetoresistance is measured by means of the aclock-in technique in the 4-probes geometry. An overview of the facility will be presented and the presently available experimental techniques will be discussed.

Static and high frequency magnetic properties of FeGa thin films deposited on convex flexible substrates

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Yu, Ying; Zhan, Qingfeng; Dai, Guohong; Zuo, Zhenghu; Zhang, Xiaoshan; Liu, Yiwei; Yang, Huali; Zhang, Yao; Wang, Baomin; Li, Run-Wei; Wei, Jinwu; Wang, Jianbo; Xie, Shuhong

2015-01-01

Magnetostrictive FeGa thin films were deposited on the bowed flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, which were fixed on the convex mold. A compressive stress was induced in FeGa films when the PET substrates were shaped from convex to flat. Due to the effect of magnetostriction, FeGa films exhibit an obvious in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which could be enhanced by increasing the applied pre-strains on the substrates during growth. Consequently, the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the films was significantly increased, but the corresponding initial permeability was decreased. Moreover, the films with pre-strains less than 0.78% exhibit a working bandwidth of microwave absorption about 2 GHz. Our investigations demonstrated a convenient method via the pre-strained substrates to tune the high frequency properties of magnetic thin films which could be applied in flexible microwave devices

Static and high frequency magnetic properties of FeGa thin films deposited on convex flexible substrates

Science.gov (United States)

Yu, Ying; Zhan, Qingfeng; Wei, Jinwu; Wang, Jianbo; Dai, Guohong; Zuo, Zhenghu; Zhang, Xiaoshan; Liu, Yiwei; Yang, Huali; Zhang, Yao; Xie, Shuhong; Wang, Baomin; Li, Run-Wei

2015-04-01

Magnetostrictive FeGa thin films were deposited on the bowed flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates, which were fixed on the convex mold. A compressive stress was induced in FeGa films when the PET substrates were shaped from convex to flat. Due to the effect of magnetostriction, FeGa films exhibit an obvious in-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy which could be enhanced by increasing the applied pre-strains on the substrates during growth. Consequently, the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the films was significantly increased, but the corresponding initial permeability was decreased. Moreover, the films with pre-strains less than 0.78% exhibit a working bandwidth of microwave absorption about 2 GHz. Our investigations demonstrated a convenient method via the pre-strained substrates to tune the high frequency properties of magnetic thin films which could be applied in flexible microwave devices.

Magnetomechanical coupling in thermal amorphous solids

Science.gov (United States)

Hentschel, H. George E.; Ilyin, Valery; Mondal, Chandana; Procaccia, Itamar

2018-05-01

Standard approaches to magnetomechanical interactions in thermal magnetic crystalline solids involve Landau functionals in which the lattice anisotropy and the resulting magnetization easy axes are taken explicitly into account. In glassy systems one needs to develop a theory in which the amorphous structure precludes the existence of an easy axis, and in which the constituent particles are free to respond to their local amorphous surroundings and the resulting forces. We present a theory of all the mixed responses of an amorphous solid to mechanical strains and magnetic fields. Atomistic models are proposed in which we test the predictions of magnetostriction for both bulk and nanofilm amorphous samples in the paramagnetic phase. The application to nanofilms with emergent self-affine free interfaces requires a careful definition of the film "width" and its change due to the magnetostriction effect.

A Magnetorestrictive Tuning System for Particle Accelerators

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Chiu-Ying Tai; Jordan Cormier; William Espinola; Zhixiu Han; Chad Joshi; Anil Mavanur; Livia Racz; Kenneth Shepard; Edward Daly; Kirk Davis

2005-05-16

Energen, Inc. has designed, built, and demonstrated several fast and slow tuners based on its magnetostrictive actuators and stepper motor. These tuners are designed for Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavities, which are important structures in particle accelerators that support a wide spectrum of disciplines, including nuclear and high-energy physics and free electron lasers (FEL). In the past two years, Energen's work has focused on magnetostrictive fast tuners for microphonics and Lorentz detuning compensation on elliptical-cell and spoke-loaded cavities. These tuners were custom designed to meet specific requirements, which included a few to 100 micron stroke range, hundreds to kilohertz operation frequency, and cryogenic temperature operation in vacuum or liquid helium. These tuners have been tested in house and at different laboratories, such as DESY, Argonne National Lab, and Jefferson Lab. Some recent results are presented in this paper.

Fully coupled modeling of magnetomechanical hysteresis through ‘thermodynamic’ compatibility

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Davino, D.; Krejčí, Pavel; Visone, C.

2013-01-01

Roč. 22, č. 9 (2013), 095009 ISSN 0964-1726 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : magnetostriction * hysteresis * Preisach model Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 2.449, year: 2013 http://iopscience.iop.org/0964-1726/22/9/095009

A CAMAC seven-crate system on-line with an HP2116B computer

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chernenko, S.P.; Chernykh, E.V.; Filatova, N.A.; Ivanov, A.B.; Kolpakov, I.F.; Nikityuk, N.N.; Smirnov, V.A.; Zanevsky, Yu.V.

1975-01-01

A branch of seven CAMAC on-line with an HP2116B computer is described. This system is used for data acquisition from a Cherenkov 90-channel spectrometer, 32 magnetostrictive chambers, 20 registers of the proportional chambers, scalers, and hodoscope registers

Magnetic properties analysis of intermetallic alloys Rni5 (R = Rare Earths)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Barthem, V.M.T.S.

1988-01-01

SmNi 5 and TmNi 5 alloys were analysed by magnetization measures, susceptibility, resistivity and only for TmNi 5 by magnetostriction and thermal expansion. The results are distinguished by powerful magnetic anisotropy of these materials. (C.G.C.) [pt

Ferromagnetic shape memory materials

Science.gov (United States)

Tickle, Robert Jay

Ferromagnetic shape memory materials are a new class of active materials which combine the properties of ferromagnetism with those of a diffusionless, reversible martensitic transformation. These materials have been the subject of recent study due to the unusually large magnetostriction exhibited in the martensitic phase. In this thesis we report the results of experiments which characterize the magnetic and magnetomechanical properties of both austenitic and martensitic phases of ferromagnetic shape memory material Ni2MnGa. In the high temperature cubic phase, anisotropy and magnetostriction constants are determined for a range of temperatures from 50°C down to the transformation temperature, with room temperature values of K1 = 2.7 +/- 104 ergs/cm3 and lambda100 = -145 muepsilon. In the low temperature tetragonal phase, the phenomenon of field-induced variant rearrangement is shown to produce anomalous results when traditional techniques for determining anisotropy and magnetostriction properties are employed. The requirement of single variant specimen microstructure is explained, and experiments performed on such a specimen confirm a uniaxial anisotropy within each martensitic variant with anisotropy constant Ku = 2.45 x 106 ergs/cm3 and a magnetostriction constant of lambdasv = -288 +/- 73 muepsilon. A series of magnetomechanical experiments investigate the effects of microstructure bias, repeated field cycling, varying field ramp rate, applied load, and specimen geometry on the variant rearrangement phenomenon in the martensitic phase. In general, the field-induced strain is found to be a function of the variant microstructure. Experiments in which the initial microstructure is biased towards a single variant state with an applied load generate one-time strains of 4.3%, while those performed with a constant bias stress of 5 MPa generate reversible strains of 0.5% over a period of 50 cycles. An increase in the applied field ramp rate is shown to reduce the

Magnetoelastic effects and magnetic anisotropy in Ni.sub.2./sub.MnGa polycrystals

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Albertini, F.; Morellon, L.; Algarabel, P. A.; Ibarra, M. R.; Pareti, L.; Arnold, Zdeněk; Calestini, G.

2001-01-01

Roč. 89, č. 10 (2001), s. 5614-5617 ISSN 0021-8979 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : linear thermal expansion * magnetostriction * Ni_2MnGa Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.128, year: 2001

Universal Quantum Transducers Based on Surface Acoustic Waves

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Schuetz, M.J.A.; Kessler, E.M.; Giedke, G.; Vandersypen, L.M.K.; Lukin, M.D.; Cirac, J.I.

2015-01-01

We propose a universal, on-chip quantum transducer based on surface acoustic waves in piezoactive materials. Because of the intrinsic piezoelectric (and/or magnetostrictive) properties of the material, our approach provides a universal platform capable of coherently linking a broad array of qubits,

Insights on the origin of the Tb{sub 5}Ge{sub 4} magnetocaloric effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Belo, J.H.; Barbosa, M.B. [IFIMUP and IN-Institue of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre. 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal); Pires, A.L. [CFNUL - Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 2, 1649-003 Lisboa (Portugal); Costa, R.M.; Teixeira, J.G.V.; Silva, J. [IFIMUP and IN-Institue of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre. 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal); Algarabel, P.A. [Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Departamente de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Magen, C. [Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón-ARAID, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Departamente de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Morellon, L. [Departamente de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain); Amaral, J.S. [IFIMUP and IN-Institue of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Departamento de Física da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre. 687, 4169-007 Porto (Portugal); CICECO, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro (Portugal); and others

2017-05-15

In this report the magnetic, atomic structures and spin-lattice coupling have been thoroughly studied through high magnetic field magnetometry, Synchrotron X-ray diffraction under applied magnetic field and magnetostriction measurements in the Tb{sub 5}Ge{sub 4} compounds. A field induced phase transition from an antiferromagnetic towards a ferromagnetic ordering was confirmed but with absence of structural transformation. This absence has been confirmed experimentally through synchrotron x-ray diffraction under applied field (up to 30 T). Moreover, this absence was explained via a thermodynamic free energy model: first principles calculations determined a large energy gap (ΔE=0.65 eV) between the two possible structures, O(I) and O(II). From magnetic and structural properties, a H-T phase diagram has been proposed for Tb{sub 5}Ge{sub 4}. Finally it was observed a large magnetostriction (up to 600 ppm) induced by ∆H=7 T.

Electric field-induced magnetoresistance in spin-valve/piezoelectric multiferroic laminates for low-power spintronics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Huong Giang, D.T.; Thuc, V.N.; Duc, N.H.

2012-01-01

Electric field-induced magnetic anisotropy has been realized in the spin-valve-based {Ni 80 Fe 20 /Cu/Fe 50 Co 50 /IrMn}/piezoelectric multiferroic laminates. In this system, electric-field control of magnetization is accomplished by strain mediated magnetoelectric coupling. Practically, the magnetization in the magnetostrictive FeCo layer of the spin-valve structure rotates under an effective compressive stress caused by the inverse piezoelectric effect in external electrical fields. This phenomenon is evidenced by the magnetization and magnetoresistance changes under the electrical field applied across the piezoelectric layer. The result shows great potential for advanced low-power spintronic devices. - Highlights: ► Investigate electric field-induced magnetic anisotropy in spin-valve/piezoelectric. ► Magnetization, magnetoresistance changes under electric field across piezoelectric. ► Magnetization in magnetostrictive FeCo-layer rotates under a compressive stress. ► This advance shows great implications for low-power electronics and spintronics.

Insights on the origin of the Tb_5Ge_4 magnetocaloric effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Belo, J.H.; Barbosa, M.B.; Pires, A.L.; Costa, R.M.; Teixeira, J.G.V.; Silva, J.; Algarabel, P.A.; Magen, C.; Morellon, L.; Amaral, J.S.

2017-01-01

In this report the magnetic, atomic structures and spin-lattice coupling have been thoroughly studied through high magnetic field magnetometry, Synchrotron X-ray diffraction under applied magnetic field and magnetostriction measurements in the Tb_5Ge_4 compounds. A field induced phase transition from an antiferromagnetic towards a ferromagnetic ordering was confirmed but with absence of structural transformation. This absence has been confirmed experimentally through synchrotron x-ray diffraction under applied field (up to 30 T). Moreover, this absence was explained via a thermodynamic free energy model: first principles calculations determined a large energy gap (ΔE=0.65 eV) between the two possible structures, O(I) and O(II). From magnetic and structural properties, a H-T phase diagram has been proposed for Tb_5Ge_4. Finally it was observed a large magnetostriction (up to 600 ppm) induced by ∆H=7 T.

Effect of rare earth substitution in cobalt ferrite bulk materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bulai, G.; Diamandescu, L.; Dumitru, I.; Gurlui, S.; Feder, M.; Caltun, O.F.

2015-01-01

The study was focused on the influence of small amounts of rare earth (RE=La, Ce, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb) addition on the microstructure, phase content and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite bulk materials. The X-Ray diffraction measurements confirmed the formation of the spinel structure but also the presence of secondary phases of RE oxides or orthoferrite in small percentages (up to 3%). Density measurements obtained by Archimedes method revealed a ~1 g cm −3 decrease for the RE doped cobalt ferrite samples compared with stoichiometric one. Both the Mössbauer and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrocopy analysis results confirmed the formation of the spinel phase. The saturation magnetization and coercive field values of the doped samples obtained by Vibrating Sample Magnetometry were close to those of the pure cobalt ferrite. For magnetostrictive property studies the samples were analyzed using the strain gauge method. Higher maximum magnetostriction coefficients were found for the Ho, Ce, Sm and Yb doped cobalt ferrite bulk materials as related to the stoichiometric CoFe 2 O 4 sample. Moreover, improved strain derivative was observed for these samples but at higher magnetic fields due to the low increase of the coercive field values for doped samples. - Highlights: • Substitution by a large number of rare earth elements was investigated. • First reported results on magnetostriction measurements of RE doped cobalt ferrite. • The doped samples presented an increased porosity and a decreased grain size. • Increased magnetostrctive response was observed for several doped samples

Wire chambers with their magnetostrictive readout

CERN Multimedia

1974-01-01

This set of wire chamber planes shaped as a cylinder sector was installed inside the magnet of a polarized spin target modified to allow as well momentum analysis of the produced particles. The experiment (S126) was set up by the CERN-Trieste Collaboration in the PS beam m9 to measure spin effects in the associated production of of a positive kaon and a positive Sigma by interaction of a positive pion with polarized protons.

Magnetostriction and magnetoelastic domains in antiferromagnets

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gomonay, Helen; Loktev, Vadim M.

2002-01-01

The problem of the observable equilibrium domain structure (DS) in pure antiferromagnets is investigated with the use of continuous elasticity theory. It is shown that the difference between the bulk and surface magnetoelastic strains causes imaginary 'incompatibility elastic charges' analogous to the surface 'magnetic' charges in ferromagnets. The corresponding long-range field is shown to contribute to the 'stray' energy of the sample that governs the appearance of the DS, the contribution from the 'elastic charges' being proportional to the sample volume. Competition between the elastic 'stray' field, which favours inhomogeneous strain distribution, and an external field, which tends to make the sample homogeneous, provides a reversible reconstruction of the DS under the action of the external magnetic field. (author)

Investigation Of Temperature Dependent Characteristics Of ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The structure, magnetization and magnetostriction of Laves phase compound TbCo2 were investigated by temperature dependent high resolution neutron powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the cubic Laves phase C15 structure above its Curie temperature, TC and exhibits a rhombohedral distortion (space ...

Local rhombohedral symmetry in Tb{sub 0.3}Dy{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 2} near the morphotropic phase boundary

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ma, Tianyu, E-mail: maty@zju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Ferroic Physics Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki (Japan); Liu, Xiaolian; Pan, Xingwen; Li, Xiang; Jiang, Yinzhu; Yan, Mi, E-mail: mse-yanmi@zju.edu.cn [State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Novel Materials for Information Technology of Zhejiang Province, Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 (China); Li, Huiying; Fang, Minxia [Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China); Ren, Xiaobing, E-mail: ren.xiaobing@nims.go.jp [Ferroic Physics Group, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Ibaraki (Japan); Multi-disciplinary Materials Research Center, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049 (China)

2014-11-10

The recently reported morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in a number of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) has drawn considerable interest to the local symmetry/structure near MPB region of these materials. In this letter, by in-situ X-ray diffraction and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements, we show that Tb{sub 0.3}Dy{sub 0.7}Fe{sub 2}, the typical composition of Terfenol-D GMMs, has coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases over a wide temperature range in the vicinity of MPB. High resolution transmission electron microscopy provides direct evidence for local rhombohedral symmetry of the ferromagnetic phase and reveals regular-shaped nanoscale domains below 10 nm. The nano-sized structural/magnetic domains are hierarchically inside a single micron-sized stripe-like domain with the same average magnetization direction. Such domain structures are consistent with the low magnetocrystalline anisotropy and easy magnetic/structural domain switching under magnetic field, thus generating large magnetostriction at low field.

Local rhombohedral symmetry in Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe2 near the morphotropic phase boundary

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma, Tianyu; Liu, Xiaolian; Pan, Xingwen; Li, Xiang; Jiang, Yinzhu; Yan, Mi; Li, Huiying; Fang, Minxia; Ren, Xiaobing

2014-01-01

The recently reported morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) in a number of giant magnetostrictive materials (GMMs) has drawn considerable interest to the local symmetry/structure near MPB region of these materials. In this letter, by in-situ X-ray diffraction and AC magnetic susceptibility measurements, we show that Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 2 , the typical composition of Terfenol-D GMMs, has coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases over a wide temperature range in the vicinity of MPB. High resolution transmission electron microscopy provides direct evidence for local rhombohedral symmetry of the ferromagnetic phase and reveals regular-shaped nanoscale domains below 10 nm. The nano-sized structural/magnetic domains are hierarchically inside a single micron-sized stripe-like domain with the same average magnetization direction. Such domain structures are consistent with the low magnetocrystalline anisotropy and easy magnetic/structural domain switching under magnetic field, thus generating large magnetostriction at low field

Three-dimensional analyses of ultrasonic scaler oscillations.

Science.gov (United States)

Lea, Simon C; Felver, Bernhard; Landini, Gabriel; Walmsley, A Damien

2009-01-01

It is stated that the oscillation patterns of dental ultrasonic scalers are dependent upon whether the instrument is of a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric design. These patterns are then linked to differences in root surface debridement in vitro. Piezoelectric (A, P) and magnetostrictive (Slimline, TFI-3) ultrasonic scalers (three of each) were evaluated, loaded (100 g/200 g) and unloaded with a 3D laser vibrometer. Loads were applied to the probe tips via teeth mounted in a load-measuring device. Elliptical motion was demonstrated for all probes under loaded and unloaded conditions. Loading flattened the elliptical motion along the length of the probe. Unloaded, Slimline tip 1 was significantly different to tips 2 and 3 (p0.207). All TFI-3 tips were different to each other (p0.867). Generator power increased all Slimline and P tip vibrations (pultrasound production mechanism and are dependent upon probe shape and generator power. Loaded probes oscillated with an elliptical pattern.

Complex impedance spectra of chip inductor using Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nakamura, Tatsuya; Naoe, Masayuki; Yamada, Yoshihiro

2006-01-01

A multi-layer chip inductor (MCI) was fabricated using polycrystalline Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite and the green-sheet technique, and its complex impedance spectrum was evaluated with the help of numerical calculations. The complex impedance spectra of the MCI component using Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite, which have been widely used for this application, were very sensitive to the residual stress and deviated much from the calculated values; however, it was found that the complex impedance spectrum of the MCI component using Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite is quite well reproduced by calculation, where the complex permittivity and permeability of the polycrystalline ferrite as well as the MCI dimensions, were used. It implied that the magneto-striction effect was negligible in case of MCI using Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite, and that the difference was related to magneto-strictive coefficient of the polycrystalline ferrite. Consequently, utilization of Li-Zn-Cu-Mn ferrite enabled us to easily design the complex impedance of MCI component

Development of a tensile-stress-induced anisotropy in amorphous magnetic thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mandal, K.; Vazquez, M.; Garcia, D.; Castano, F.J.; Prados, C.; Hernando, A.

2000-01-01

Magnetic anisotropy was induced in positive magnetostrictive Fe 80 B 20 and negative magnetostrictive Co 75 Si 15 B 10 thin films by developing a tensile stress within the samples. The films were grown on the concave surfaces of mechanically bowed glass substrates. On releasing the substrates from the substrate holders, a tensile stress was developed within the samples that modified the domain structure. As a result of it, a magnetic easy axis parallel to the direction of the stress was induced in FeB sample whereas in CoSiB sample the induced easy axis was perpendicular to the direction of the developed stress. To produce magnetic multilayers with crossed anisotropy, FeB/CoSiB bilayers and FeB/Cu/CoSiB trilayers were grown on bowed substrates. The study of magnetic properties of the multilayers indicates the development of crossed anisotropy within them, particularly when the magnetic layers are separated by a nonmagnetic Cu layer

Fiber Bragg grating based spatially resolved characterization of flux-pinning induced strain of rectangular-shaped bulk YBCO samples

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Latka, Ines; Habisreuther, Tobias; Litzkendorf, Doris

2011-01-01

Highlights: → Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) act as strain sensors, also at cryogenic temperatures. → FBGs are not sensitive to magnetic fields. → Local, shape dependent magnetostriction was detected on rectangular samples. → Magnetostrictive effects of the top surface and in a gap between two samples are different. - Abstract: We report on measurements of the spatially resolved characterization of flux-pinning induced strain of rectangular-shaped bulk YBCO samples. The spatially resolved strain measurements are accomplished by the use 2 fiber Bragg grating arrays, which are with an included angle of 45 o fixed to the surface. In this paper first attempts to confirm the shape distortions caused by the flux-pinning induced strain as predicted in will be presented. Two sample setups, a single bulk and a 'mirror' arrangement, will be compared. This mirror setup represents a model configuration for a measurement inside the superconductor, where demagnetization effects can be neglected and the magnetic field merely has a z-component.

The Multi一physics Research on I ron一Core Vibration Noise of Power Reactor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

LI U Ja

2017-02-01

Full Text Available On the basis of theoretical research releted to the magnetostriction and maxwell’.s equations，the fi- nite element coupling in the transient electromagnetic field coupling，structure and sound field coupling has been developed In thts paper by using the flnlte element sOftWare CO}IS01., Whleh establish a serles three-phase COT’e re- actor model, to analyzing the power frequency magnetic field distribution，core magnetostrictive displacement，max- well force displacement and sound pressure level of the three-phase series core reactor under the power frequency working state. According to transient magnetic field distribution in the simulation of the reactor，the magnetic flux density distribution inside the reactor and the vibration displacement distribution are calculated，the acoustic field distribution is measured alao. It is shown that physical field simulation results and measured data are basically in consisent by experiment，it is proved multi-physics coupling is an effective method for forecast of noise.

Lattice effects in YVO3 single crystal

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Marquina, C; Sikora, M; Ibarra, MR; Nugroho, AA; Palstra, TTM

In this paper we report on the lattice effects in the Mott insulator yttrium orthovanadate (YVO3). Linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction experiments have been performed on a single crystal, in the temperature range from 5 K to room temperature. The YVO3 orders antiferromagnetically at T-N =

Pramana – Journal of Physics | Indian Academy of Sciences

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Rare earths exhibit complex magnetic phase diagrams resulting from the competition between various contributions to the magnetic energy: exchange, anisotropy and magnetostriction. The epitaxy of a rare-earth film on a substrate induces (i) a clamping to the substrate and (ii) pseudomorphic strains. Both these effects are ...

Hysteresis compensation of smart actuators under variable stress conditions

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cavallo, A. [DII, Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (Italy); Davino, D. [DING, Universita degli Studi del Sannio, piazza Roma, 82100 Benevento (Italy); De Maria, G.; Natale, C.; Pirozzi, S. [DII, Seconda Universita degli Studi di Napoli, via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa (Italy); Visone, C. [DING, Universita degli Studi del Sannio, piazza Roma, 82100 Benevento (Italy)], E-mail: visone@unisannio.it

2008-02-01

A new model able to describe magnetostriction for slowly varying mechanical load is presented. The model and its pseudo-compensator exploit the formalism of the classical Preisach model and is therefore easy to implement and well behaved. Experimental results showing the encouraging performances of the approach are provided.

Magnetic enhancement of ferroelectric polarization in a self-grown ferroelectric-ferromagnetic composite

Science.gov (United States)

Kumar, Amit; Narayan, Bastola; Pachat, Rohit; Ranjan, Rajeev

2018-02-01

Ferroelectric-ferromagnetic multiferroic composites are of great interest both from the scientific and technological standpoints. The extent of coupling between polarization and magnetization in such two-phase systems depends on how efficiently the magnetostrictive and electrostrictive/piezoelectric strain gets transferred from one phase to the other. This challenge is most profound in the easy to make 0-3 ferroelectric-ferromagnetic particulate composites. Here we report a self-grown ferroelectric-ferromagnetic 0-3 particulate composite through controlled spontaneous precipitation of ferrimagnetic barium hexaferrite phase (BaF e12O19 ) amid ferroelectric grains in the multiferroic alloy system BiFe O3-BaTi O3 . We demonstrate that a composite specimen exhibiting merely ˜1% hexaferrite phase exhibits ˜34% increase in saturation polarization in a dc magnetic field of ˜10 kOe. Using modified Rayleigh analysis of the polarization field loop in the subcoercive field region we argue that the substantial enhancement in the ferroelectric switching is associated with the reduction in the barrier heights of the pinning centers of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic domain walls in the stress field generated by magnetostriction in the hexaferrite grains when the magnetic field is turned on. Our study proves that controlled precipitation of the magnetic phase is a good strategy for synthesis of 0-3 ferroelectric-ferromagnetic particulate multiferroic composite as it not only helps in ensuring a good electrical insulating character of the composite, enabling it to sustain high enough electric field for ferroelectric switching, but also the factors associated with the spontaneity of the precipitation process ensure efficient transfer of the magnetostrictive strain/stress to the surrounding ferroelectric matrix making domain wall motion easy.

Quenched-disorder-induced magnetization jumps in (Sm,Sr)MnO3

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Fisher, LM; Kalinov, AV; Voloshin, IF; Babushkina, NA; Khomskii, DI; Zhang, Y; Palstra, TTM

2004-01-01

Magnetic field induced steplike changes in magnetization and resistivity of Sm1-xSrxMnO3 manganites were studied. A strong dependence of these features on the cooling rate was observed. Magnetostriction, however, does not show the presence of large strain in our samples. From all these features we

Magnetocaloric effect in (Tb,Dy,R)(Co,Fe).sub.2./sub. (R= Ho, Er) multicomponent compounds

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Tereshina, I. S.; Politova, G.A.; Tereshina, Evgeniya; Burkhanov, G.S.; Chistyakov, O.D.; Nikitin, S. A.

2011-01-01

Roč. 266, č. 1 (2011), "012077-1"-"012077-5" ISSN 1742-6588. [2nd International Symposium on Advanced Magnetic Materials and Applications (ISAMMA). Sendai, 12.07.2010-16.07.2010] Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : terfenol-D * rare-earth intermetallics * magnetostriction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism

Magnetic field-dependent polarization of (111)-oriented PZT–Co ferrite nanobilayer: Effect of Co ferrite composition

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Khodaei, M. [Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Seyyed Ebrahimi, S.A., E-mail: saseyyed@ut.ac.ir [Advanced Magnetic Materials Research Center, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Jun Park, Yong [Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of); Son, Junwoo; Baik, Sunggi [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784 (Korea, Republic of)

2015-05-15

The perfect (111)-oriented PZT/CFO (CFO=CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}, Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 2.2}O{sub 4} and Co{sub 0.6}Mn{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2.2}O{sub 4}) bilayer multiferroic thin films were grown on Pt(111)/Si substrate at 600 °C using pulsed laser deposition technique. The precision X-ray diffraction analysis (avoiding the shift of peak due to the sample misalignment) revealed that the CFO films on Pt(111)/Si substrate were under an out-of-plane contraction and deposition of PZT top layer led to more increase in the out-of-plane contraction, i.e. increase in the residual stresses. The PZT and CFO layers have significant effects on magnetic and ferroelectric properties of PZT/CFO bilayer films, respectively, leading to an enhanced in-plane magnetic anisotropy as well as increased and asymmetric polarization. The effect of composition of CFO layer on magnetic field-dependent polarization of PZT/CFO bilayer films was investigated by applying the magnetic field during P-E measurement. The polarization of PZT films were increased by applying the magnetic field as a result of strain transferred from magnetostrictive CFO underlayer. This increase in polarization for PZT/Co{sub 0.6}Mn{sub 0.2}Fe{sub 2.2}O{sub 4} was higher than that for PZT/Co{sub 0.8}Fe{sub 2.2}O{sub 4} and both of them were significantly higher than that for PZT/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} bilayer film, which was discussed based on their magnetostriction properties. - Highlights: • The effect of composition of CFO on P–E characteristics of PZT/CFO films was investigated. • The polarization of PZT films were increased by applying the magnetic field. • The increasing polarization was a result of strain from magnetostrictive CFO underlayer.

Magnetoelasticity of UPtAl

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Andreev, Alexander V.; Kamarád, Jiří; Honda, F.; Oomi, G.; Sechovský, V.; Shiokawa, Y.

2001-01-01

Roč. 314, - (2001), s. 51-55 ISSN 0925-8388 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA202/99/0184; GA AV ČR IAA1010018 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Keywords : actinide compounds * magnetically ordered materials * magnetostriction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.953, year: 2001

FeGa/MgO/Fe/GaAs(001) magnetic tunnel junction: Growth and magnetic properties

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gobaut, B.; Ciprian, R.; Salles, B.R.; Krizmancic, D.; Rossi, G.; Panaccione, G.; Eddrief, M.; Marangolo, M.; Torelli, P.

2015-01-01

Research on spintronics and on multiferroics leads now to the possibility of combining the properties of these materials in order to develop new functional devices. Here we report the integration of a layer of magnetostrictive material into a magnetic tunnel junction. A FeGa/MgO/Fe heterostructure has been grown on a GaAs(001) substrate by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). The comparison between magneto optical Kerr effect (MOKE) measurements and hysteresis performed in total electron yield allowed distinguishing the ferromagnetic hysteresis loop of the FeGa top layer from that of the Fe buried layer, evidencing a different switching field of the two layers. This observation indicates an absence of magnetic coupling between the two ferromagnetic layers despite the thickness of the MgO barrier of only 2.5 nm. The in-plane magnetic anisotropy has also been investigated. Overall results show the good quality of the heterostructure and the general feasibility of such a device using magnetostrictive materials in magnetic tunnel junction

Stress-based Variable-inductor for Electronic Ballasts

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Zhang, Lihui; Xia, Yongming; Lu, Kaiyuan

2015-01-01

Current-controlled variable inductors adjust the inductance of an alternating current (ac) coil by applying a controlled dc current to saturate the iron cores of the ac coil. The controlled dc current has to be maintained during operation, which results in increased power losses. This paper prese......-based variable inductor concept is validated using a 3-D finite-element analysis. A prototype was manufactured, and the experimental results are presented. A linear relationship between inductance and applied stress can be achieved.......Current-controlled variable inductors adjust the inductance of an alternating current (ac) coil by applying a controlled dc current to saturate the iron cores of the ac coil. The controlled dc current has to be maintained during operation, which results in increased power losses. This paper...... presents a new stress-based variable inductor to control inductance using the inverse magnetostrictive effect of a magnetostrictive material. The stress can be applied by a piezoelectrical material, and thus a voltage-controlled variable inductor can be realized with zero-power consumption. The new stress...

Domain-wall dynamics in glass-coated magnetic microwires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Varga, R.; Zhukov, A.; Usov, N.; Blanco, J.M.; Gonzalez, J.; Zhukova, V.; Vojtanik, P.

2007-01-01

Glass-coated magnetic microwires with positive magnetostriction show peculiar domain structure that consists mostly of one large domain with magnetization-oriented axially. It was shown that small closure domains appear at the end of the microwire in order to decrease the stray fields. As a result of such domain structure, the magnetization reversal in axial direction runs through the depinning of one of such closure domains and subsequent propagation of the corresponding domain wall. Quite unusual domain-wall (DW) dynamics of the DW propagation predicted previously from the theory has been found in such amorphous microwires. In this paper, we are dealing with the DW dynamics of glass-coated microwires with small positive magnetostriction. The DW damping coming from the structural relaxation dominates at low temperatures as a result of the decrease of the mobility of the structural atomic-level defects. Negative critical propagation field points to the possible DW propagation without applied magnetic field. Probable explanation could be in terms of the effective mass of the DW

HTS-SQUID NDE Technique for Pipes based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Hatsukade, Y; Masutani, N; Teranishi, S; Masamoto, K; Kanenaga, S; Adachi, S; Tanabe, K

2017-01-01

This article describes research on the novel high-temperature superconductor (HTS) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for metallic pipes based on ultrasonic guided waves. We constructed HTS-SQUID NDE system for pipes based on ultrasonic guided waves, which were generated and received by means of the magnetostrictive effects. Using the system, we measured magnetic signals due to T (0, 1) mode ultrasonic guided waves that transmitted on aluminium pipe, and investigated influences of measurement parameters to the magnetic signals, such as direction of a HTS-SQUID gradiometer, lift-off distance, and intensity and frequency of input current fed to a magnetostrictive transmitter. With the gradiometer oriented parallel to the pipe axis, more than 10 times larger signals were measured compared with that oriented perpendicular to the pipe axis. Magnetic signals measured by the gradiometer were inverse proportional to the power of the list- off distance, and proportional to the intensity of the input current up to 1 A pp . Relation between the frequency of the input current and the measured signal was shown and discussed. (paper)

Artificially controlled stress anisotropy and magnetic properties of FeTaN thin films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Deng, H.; Jarratt, J.D.; Minor, M.K.; Barnard, J.A.

1997-01-01

This article presents a new method of investigating internal stress effects on thin film magnetic properties, in this case magnetically soft FeTaN sputtered films. The FeTaN films were deposited on a series of oxidized silicon (111) substrates prestressed to different degrees. During sputtering all the deposition conditions were kept exactly the same for all the samples. However, anisotropic stresses with different amplitudes are systematically introduced into the films when the prestressed wafers were released. In this way, FeTaN films with compressive stress varying from 80 to 608 MPa are produced. We found that the saturation magnetostriction (λ s ), anisotropy field (H k ), initial permeability (μ i ) as well as easy axis orientation of FeTaN thin films are strongly affected by the induced stress anisotropy. A stress ratio concept is proposed as a measure of the degree of the stress anisotropy. Models for easy-hard axis switching induced by stress for magnetic films with positive magnetostriction are discussed. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Lattice strain accompanying the colossal magnetoresistance effect in EuB6.

Science.gov (United States)

Manna, Rudra Sekhar; Das, Pintu; de Souza, Mariano; Schnelle, Frank; Lang, Michael; Müller, Jens; von Molnár, Stephan; Fisk, Zachary

2014-08-08

The coupling of magnetic and electronic degrees of freedom to the crystal lattice in the ferromagnetic semimetal EuB(6), which exhibits a complex ferromagnetic order and a colossal magnetoresistance effect, is studied by high-resolution thermal expansion and magnetostriction experiments. EuB(6) may be viewed as a model system, where pure magnetism-tuned transport and the response of the crystal lattice can be studied in a comparatively simple environment, i.e., not influenced by strong crystal-electric field effects and Jahn-Teller distortions. We find a very large lattice response, quantified by (i) the magnetic Grüneisen parameter, (ii) the spontaneous strain when entering the ferromagnetic region, and (iii) the magnetostriction in the paramagnetic temperature regime. Our analysis reveals that a significant part of the lattice effects originates in the magnetically driven delocalization of charge carriers, consistent with the scenario of percolating magnetic polarons. A strong effect of the formation and dynamics of local magnetic clusters on the lattice parameters is suggested to be a general feature of colossal magnetoresistance materials.

HTS-SQUID NDE Technique for Pipes based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave

Science.gov (United States)

Hatsukade, Y.; Masutani, N.; Teranishi, S.; Masamoto, K.; Kanenaga, S.; Adachi, S.; Tanabe, K.

2017-07-01

This article describes research on the novel high-temperature superconductor (HTS) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technique for metallic pipes based on ultrasonic guided waves. We constructed HTS-SQUID NDE system for pipes based on ultrasonic guided waves, which were generated and received by means of the magnetostrictive effects. Using the system, we measured magnetic signals due to T (0, 1) mode ultrasonic guided waves that transmitted on aluminium pipe, and investigated influences of measurement parameters to the magnetic signals, such as direction of a HTS-SQUID gradiometer, lift-off distance, and intensity and frequency of input current fed to a magnetostrictive transmitter. With the gradiometer oriented parallel to the pipe axis, more than 10 times larger signals were measured compared with that oriented perpendicular to the pipe axis. Magnetic signals measured by the gradiometer were inverse proportional to the power of the list- off distance, and proportional to the intensity of the input current up to 1 App. Relation between the frequency of the input current and the measured signal was shown and discussed.

High-field magnetoelasticity of Tm2Co17 and comparison with Er2Co17

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Andreev, Alexander V.; Zvyagin, A.A.; Skourski, Y.; Yasin, S.; Zherlitsyn, S.

2017-01-01

Roč. 43, č. 11 (2017), s. 1254-1259 ISSN 1063-777X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA16-03593S Institutional support: RVO:68378271 Keywords : intermetallic compounds * magnetoelasticity * magnetostriction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism OBOR OECD: Condensed matter physics (including formerly solid state physics, supercond.) Impact factor: 0.804, year: 2016

Phase Transformations in Electrically Conductive Ferromagnetic Shape-Memory Alloys, Their Thermodynamics and Analysis

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Roubíček, Tomáš; Tomassetti, G.

2013-01-01

Roč. 210, č. 1 (2013), s. 1-43 ISSN 0003-9527 R&D Projects: GA ČR GAP201/10/0357 Institutional support: RVO:61388998 Keywords : magnetostrictive materials * martensitic transformation * ferro-to-para-magnetic transformation Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 2.022, year: 2013 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00205-013-0648-2

Proposal to develop techniques using magneto-optic and electro-optic effects in optical fiber for CTR diagnostics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Chandler, G.I.; Jahoda, F.C.

1982-02-01

We discuss the developing technology of measuring electric and magnetic fields with optical fibers using the Faraday and Kerr effects, magnetostriction, and Sagnac interferometry. We review the measurement of induced birefringence in the presence of natural birefringence. We propose the use of these effects in making measurements in the fusion research program, with ZT-40 as an example

Magnetoelasticity of (Lu.sub.0.8./sub.Ce.sub.0.2./sub.).sub.2./sub.Fe.sub.17./sub. intermetallic compound

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Andreev, Alexander V.; Koyama, K.; Tereshina, Evgeniya; Prokleška, J.; Watanabe, K.

2009-01-01

Roč. 477, 1-2 (2009), s. 62-67 ISSN 0925-8388 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA202/06/0185 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : R 2 T 17 * Lu 2 Fe 17 * ferromagnetism * metamagnetism * magnetostriction Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.135, year: 2009

Modification of magnetic anisotropy in metallic glasses using high ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The data gives a straight line as a best fit as shown in figure 4. It can be safely inferred that the residual stresses produced in the glassy metals could be the main cause of the reduction in in-plane magnetic anisotropy. This phe- nomenon is in conformity with the magnetostriction effect in which mechanical stresses. 1098.

Existence Results for Incompressible Magnetoelasticity

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kružík, Martin; Stefanelli, U.; Zeman, J.

2015-01-01

Roč. 35, č. 6 (2015), s. 2615-2623 ISSN 1078-0947 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA13-18652S Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : magnetoelasticity * magnetostrictive solids * incompressibility * existence of minimizers * quasistatic evolution * energetic solution Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 1.127, year: 2015 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2015/MTR/kruzik-0443017.pdf

Numerical modeling of large field-induced strains in ferroelastic bodies: a continuum approach

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Raikher, Yu L; Stolbov, O V

2008-01-01

A consistent continuum model of a soft magnetic elastomer (SME) is presented and developed for the case of finite strain. The numeric algorithm enabling one to find the field-induced shape changes of an SME body is described. The reliability of the method is illustrated by several examples revealing specifics of the magnetostriction effect in SME samples of various geometries

Flexible magnetoimpedance sensor

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Li, Bodong; Kavaldzhiev, Mincho N.; Kosel, Jürgen

2015-01-01

Flexible magnetoimpedance (MI) sensors fabricated using a NiFe/Cu/NiFe tri-layer on Kapton substrate have been studied. A customized flexible microstrip transmission line was employed to investigate the MI sensors's magnetic field and frequency responses and their dependence on the sensors's deflection. For the first time, the impedance characteristic is obtained through reflection coefficient analysis over a wide range of frequencies from 0.1 MHz to 3 GHz and for deflections ranging from zero curvature to a radius of 7.2 cm. The sensor element maintains a high MI ratio of up to 90% and magnetic sensitivity of up to 9.2%/Oe over different bending curvatures. The relationship between the curvature and material composition is discussed based on the magnetostriction effect and stress simulations. The sensor's large frequency range, simple fabrication process and high sensitivity provide a great potential for flexible electronics and wireless applications. - Highlights: • A flexible magnetoimpedance (MI) sensor is developed. • Studies are carried out using a flexible microstrip transmission line. • An MI ratio of up to 90% is obtained. • The effect of magnetostriction is studied

Breakdown of antiferromagnet order in polycrystalline NiFe/NiO bilayers probed with acoustic emission

Science.gov (United States)

Lebyodkin, M. A.; Lebedkina, T. A.; Shashkov, I. V.; Gornakov, V. S.

2017-07-01

Magnetization reversal of polycrystalline NiFe/NiO bilayers was investigated using magneto-optical indicator film imaging and acoustic emission techniques. Sporadic acoustic signals were detected in a constant magnetic field after the magnetization reversal. It is suggested that they are related to elastic waves excited by sharp shocks in the NiO layer with strong magnetostriction. Their probability depends on the history and number of repetitions of the field cycling, thus testifying the thermal-activation nature of the long-time relaxation of an antiferromagnetic order. These results provide evidence of spontaneous thermally activated switching of the antiferromagnetic order in NiO grains during magnetization reversal in ferromagnet/antiferromagnet (FM/AFM) heterostructures. The respective deformation modes are discussed in terms of the thermal fluctuation aftereffect in the Fulcomer and Charap model which predicts that irreversible breakdown of the original spin orientation can take place in some antiferromagnetic grains with disordered anisotropy axes during magnetization reversal of exchange-coupled FM/AFM structures. The spin reorientation in the saturated state may induce abrupt distortion of isolated metastable grains because of the NiO magnetostriction, leading to excitation of shock waves and formation of plate (or Lamb) waves.

Development of Evaluation Technology of the Integrity of HWR Pressure Tubes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Y. S.; Jeong, Y. M.; Ahn, S. B.

2005-03-01

(0,1) vibration mode. The EMAT guided wave system could detect the smallest circumferential notch with the depth of 5% of wall thickness. It was hard to detect the axial notches on the straight pipe, but possible to detect the axial notch on the bent region. In addition, the magnetostrictive guided wave technique has been developed. The torsional vibration mode, T(0,1) or longitudinal vibration mode, L(0,2) can be generated based on the relative configurations of magnetized Ni-strip (or permanent) magnets and coil. The T(0,1) vibration mode was generated. The magnetostrictive guided wave system can detect the smallest circumferential notch with the depth of 5% of wall thickness. But it was hard to detect the axial notches in the pipe regardless of the depth. The lowest limit of detection by the guided wave technique is well known as the 2-3% of cross sectional area of the pipe, however, we could detect circumferential notch with less than 1% of cross sectional area depend on the experimental condition. It is hard to detect the axial notch in general. But the result of numerical analysis of wave propagation in the bent pipe shows a possibility of detection. Especially a specific EMAT in the array can generate T(0,1) mode, which looks like a shear horizontal-like mode in the plate, can be reflected from the axial notches in bent region. EMAT guided wave system shows superior signal characteristics to the magnetostrictive system. Because the alternating magnetization by coil can not exceed the circumferential bias magnetization of Ni strip, the total ultrasonic energy could be limited in the case of magnetostrictive system. On the other hand, the EMAT system can generate a strong torsional waves and shows higher S/N ratio, because a strong tone-burst pulse can be applied to the EMAT and there are four EMAT in the array system, The EMAT guided wave technique and the magnetostrictive guided wave technique will be transferred to the industries who is interested in the

Development of Evaluation Technology of the Integrity of HWR Pressure Tubes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kim, Y S; Jeong, Y M; Ahn, S B [and others

2005-03-15

(0,1) vibration mode. The EMAT guided wave system could detect the smallest circumferential notch with the depth of 5% of wall thickness. It was hard to detect the axial notches on the straight pipe, but possible to detect the axial notch on the bent region. In addition, the magnetostrictive guided wave technique has been developed. The torsional vibration mode, T(0,1) or longitudinal vibration mode, L(0,2) can be generated based on the relative configurations of magnetized Ni-strip (or permanent) magnets and coil. The T(0,1) vibration mode was generated. The magnetostrictive guided wave system can detect the smallest circumferential notch with the depth of 5% of wall thickness. But it was hard to detect the axial notches in the pipe regardless of the depth. The lowest limit of detection by the guided wave technique is well known as the 2-3% of cross sectional area of the pipe, however, we could detect circumferential notch with less than 1% of cross sectional area depend on the experimental condition. It is hard to detect the axial notch in general. But the result of numerical analysis of wave propagation in the bent pipe shows a possibility of detection. Especially a specific EMAT in the array can generate T(0,1) mode, which looks like a shear horizontal-like mode in the plate, can be reflected from the axial notches in bent region. EMAT guided wave system shows superior signal characteristics to the magnetostrictive system. Because the alternating magnetization by coil can not exceed the circumferential bias magnetization of Ni strip, the total ultrasonic energy could be limited in the case of magnetostrictive system. On the other hand, the EMAT system can generate a strong torsional waves and shows higher S/N ratio, because a strong tone-burst pulse can be applied to the EMAT and there are four EMAT in the array system, The EMAT guided wave technique and the magnetostrictive guided wave technique will be transferred to the industries who is interested in the

Giant Electric Field Control of Magnetism and Narrow Ferromagnetic Resonance Linewidth in FeCoSiB/Si/SiO2/PMN PT Multiferroic Heterostructures (Open Access Author’s Manuscript)

Science.gov (United States)

2016-06-06

the widely used lead zirconate titanate ceramics which have a typical piezoelectric coefficient d31 of ~- 200pC/N, PMN-PT single crystals used in...substrate clamping effect, therefore, a relatively giant tunability can be obtained. However, the normally large roughness of piezoelectric layer...is the saturation magnetostriction constant, Y the Young’s modulus of the magnetic film, deff the effective piezoelectric coefficient, E

A macroscopic model for magnetic shape-memory single crystals

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Bessoud, A. L.; Kružík, Martin; Stefanelli, U.

2013-01-01

Roč. 64, č. 2 (2013), s. 343-359 ISSN 0044-2275 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA100750802; GA ČR GAP201/10/0357 Institutional support: RVO:67985556 Keywords : magnetostriction * evolution Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 1.214, year: 2013 http://library.utia.cas.cz/separaty/2012/MTR/kruzik-a macroscopic model for magnetic shape- memory single crystals.pdf

Energy Harvesting with Coupled Magnetorestrictive Resonators

Science.gov (United States)

2013-09-01

matching, small hysteresis, and low coercivity2. Ceramic material like PZT tends to develop fatigue during its cycles whereas Galfenol does not have...Magnetostrictive Material PZT Pb [ZrxTi1-x] O3, 0<xə, Lead Zirconate Titanate RX Receiver SHM Structural Health Monitoring...zirconate titanate [ PZT ]) have lead in their fabrication process, which is an environmental risk. Another major issue with standard energy

Workshop on Smart Structures (1st) Held at The University of Texas at Arlington on September 22-24 1993. Collection of Extended Abstracts

Science.gov (United States)

1994-06-01

NUMBER OF PAGES Workshop, Smart Structures, Advanced MagerLias, Netowrks , Neural Networks, Materials, Memory Alloys 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY ...CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE OF ABSTRACT UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED...separate bolt secures the actuator to the end piece, keeping the end rigidly constrained. At the tip of the magnetostrictive actuator (i.e. the push

Experimental Comparison of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Shunt Dampers

Science.gov (United States)

Asnani, Vivake M.; Deng, Zhangxian; Scheidler, Justin J.; Dapino, Marcelo J.

2016-01-01

A novel mechanism called the vibration ring is being developed to enable energy conversion elements to be incorporated into the driveline of a helicopter or other rotating machines. Unwanted vibration is transduced into electrical energy, which provides a damping effect on the driveline. The generated electrical energy may also be used to power other devices (e.g., health monitoring sensors). PZT (piezoceramic) and PMN-30%PT (single crystal) stacks, as well as a Tb_0.3 Dy_0.7 Fe_1.92 (Terfenol-D) rod with a bias magnet array and a pickup coil, were tested as alternative energy conversion elements to use within the vibration ring. They were tuned for broadband damping using shunt resistors, and dynamic compression testing was conducted in a high-speed load frame. Energy conversion was experimentally optimized at 750Hz by tuning the applied bias stress and resistance values. Dynamic testing was conducted up to 1000Hz to determine the effective compressive modulus, shunt loss factor, internal loss factor, and total loss factor. Some of the trends of modulus and internal loss factor versus frequency were unexplained. The single crystal device exhibited the greatest shunt loss factor whereas the Terfenol-D device had the highest internal and total loss factors. Simulations revealed that internal losses in the Terfenol-D device were elevated by eddy current effects, and an improved magnetic circuit could enhance its shunt damping capabilities. Alternatively, the Terfenol-D device may be simplified to utilize only the eddy current dissipation mechanism (no pickup coil or shunt) to create broadband damping.

Experimental comparison of piezoelectric and magnetostrictive shunt dampers

Science.gov (United States)

Asnani, Vivake M.; Deng, Zhangxian; Scheidler, Justin J.; Dapino, Marcelo J.

2016-04-01

A novel mechanism called the vibration ring is being developed to enable energy conversion elements to be incorporated into the driveline of a helicopter or other rotating machines. Unwanted vibration is transduced into electrical energy, which provides a damping effect on the driveline. The generated electrical energy may also be used to power other devices (e.g., health monitoring sensors). PZT (`piezoceramic') and PMN-30%PT (`single crystal') stacks, as well as a Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92 (`Terfenol-D') rod with a bias magnet array and a pickup coil, were tested as alternative energy conversion elements to use within the vibration ring. They were tuned for broadband damping using shunt resistors, and dynamic compression testing was conducted in a high-speed load frame. Energy conversion was experimentally optimized at 750Hz by tuning the applied bias stress and resistance values. Dynamic testing was conducted up to 1000Hz to determine the effective compressive modulus, shunt loss factor, internal loss factor, and total loss factor. Some of the trends of modulus and internal loss factor versus frequency were unexplained. The single crystal device exhibited the greatest shunt loss factor whereas the Terfenol-D device had the highest internal and total loss factors. Simulations revealed that internal losses in the Terfenol-D device were elevated by eddy current effects, and an improved magnetic circuit could enhance its shunt damping capabilities. Alternatively, the Terfenol-D device may be simplified to utilize only the eddy current dissipation mechanism (no pickup coil or shunt) to create broadband damping.

Magnetism and magnetostriction in a degenerate rigid band

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kulakowski, K.; Barbara, B.

1990-09-01

We investigate the influence of the spin-orbit coupling on the magnetic and magnetoelastic phenomena in ferromagnetic band systems. The description is within the Stoner model of a degenerate rigid band, for temperature T = O. (author). 14 refs

The low temperature properties of (Dy1-xErx)Ni2 alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gailloux, M.

1994-01-01

The study of rare earth magnetic properties is undertaken to further the understanding of critical phenomena and the mechanism of magnetic ordering in solids. There is a great variety of magnetic ordering observed in the rare earth compounds, thus providing an insight to phenomena such as heat capacity, magnetostriction and crystal fields. Studies began on the magnetic properties of the rare earths and their compounds in the 1950's

Smart Sensing Technologies for Structural Health Monitoring of Civil Engineering Structures

OpenAIRE

M. Sun; W. J. Staszewski; R. N. Swamy

2010-01-01

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) aims to develop automated systems for the continuous monitoring, inspection, and damage detection of structures with minimum labour involvement. The first step to set up a SHM system is to incorporate a level of structural sensing capability that is reliable and possesses long term stability. Smart sensing technologies including the applications of fibre optic sensors, piezoelectric sensors, magnetostrictive sensors and self-diagnosing fibre reinforced compo...

Synthesis and on-line ultrasonic characterisation of bulk and nanocrystalline La{sub 0.68}Sr{sub 0.32}MnO{sub 3} perovskite manganite

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakthipandi, K. [Centre for Nano Science and Technology, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu (India); Rajendran, V., E-mail: veerajendran@gmail.com [Centre for Nano Science and Technology, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu (India); Jayakumar, T.; Raj, Baldev [Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu (India); Kulandivelu, P. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, K S Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode 637215, Tamil Nadu (India)

2011-02-24

Research highlights: > The first and novel approach, the ultrasonic velocity, attenuation and elastic moduli of nanosample was measured using ultrasonic through transmission method, at a fundamental frequency of 5 MHz over wide range of temperatures. > The paper has design and fabrication of high temperature ultrasonic velocity and attenuation measurements over a wide range of temperatures 300-1200 K. - Abstract: La{sub 0.68}Sr{sub 0.32}MnO{sub 3} perovskite manganite samples were prepared using sonochemical reactor and solid state reaction technique. The ultrasonic velocity, attenuation and elastic moduli of samples were measured using ultrasonic through transmission method, at a fundamental frequency of 5 MHz over a wide range of temperatures. The temperature dependence of the ultrasonic parameters shows an interesting anomaly in all the compositions. The observed dramatic softening and hardening in sound velocities or attenuation is related to phase transitions. The linear magnetostriction effect is more dominant in the perovskite than volume magnetostriction effect which is evident from the observed anomalous in both longitudinal and shear velocities and attenuation. Further, a decrease in grain size in the sintered sample leads to a shift in the ferromagnetic transition temperature (T{sub C}) from 375 to 370 K.

Effect of Fe addition on the magnetic and giant magneto-impedance behaviour of CoCrSiB rapidly solidified alloys

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Kumari, Seema; Chattoraj, I; Panda, A K; Mitra, A; Pal, S K [National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831 007 (India)

2006-05-21

Thermal electrical resistivity, magnetic hysteresis and magneto-impedance behaviour of melt spun and annealed Co{sub 71-X}Fe{sub X}Cr{sub 7}Si{sub 8}B{sub 14} (X = 0, 2, 3.2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 at.%) were investigated. The addition of Fe in the system changed crystallization as well as the magnetic properties of the materials. The alloy containing 6 at.% Fe showed an increase in resistivity during the first crystallization process. A TEM micrograph indicated the formation of nanostructure during the crystallization process. The GMI properties of the alloys are evaluated at a driving current amplitude of 5 mA and a frequency of 4 MHz. The two-peak behaviour in the GMI profile was observed for all the samples. It is found that the alloy with 4 at.% Fe has the maximum GMI ratio because of the nearly zero magnetostriction value of the sample. About 62% change in the GMI ratio was observed in the alloy with 4 at.% Fe when annealed at 673 K. The anisotropy field was also minimum for the annealed alloy. The results were explained by the formation of directional ordering and the reduction of the magnetostriction constant of the alloy due to nanocrystallization during the annealing process.

Pulsed Laser Deposition of BaTiO3 Thin Films on Different Substrates

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yaodong Yang

2010-01-01

Full Text Available We have studied the deposition of BaTiO3 (BTO thin films on various substrates. Three representative substrates were selected from different types of material systems: (i SrTiO3 single crystals as a typical oxide, (ii Si wafers as a semiconductor, and (iii Ni foils as a magnetostrictive metal. We have compared the ferroelectric properties of BTO thin films obtained by pulsed laser deposition on these diverse substrates.

Plasma Reforming of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels in Non-Thermal Plasma-Liquid Systems

Science.gov (United States)

2010-04-30

channel with liquid wall in the microporous media under the ultrasound cavitations has shown the following: · The action of the ultrasound field in the...microporous liquid which has a very large ratio of the plasma-liquid contact surface to the plasma volume. As is known the ultrasonic (US) cavitation is a very...2) and it ran over a flat dielectric surface of the magnetostrictive transmitter (5) which produced ultrasonic (US) cavitations , so the discharge

Nanosecond laser-induced synthesis of nanoparticles with tailorable magneticanisotropy

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Krishna, H.; Gangopadhyay, A.K.; Strader, J.; Kalyanaraman, R.

2011-01-01

Controlling the magnetic orientation of nanoparticles is important for many applications. Recently, it has been shown that single domain ferromagnetic hemispherical Co nanoparticles prepared by nanosecond laser-induced self-organization, show magnetic orientation that was related to the negative sign of the magnetostrictive coefficient λ S [J. Appl. Phys. v103, p073902, 2008]. Here we have extended this work to the Fe 50 Co 50 alloy, which has a positive λ S and Ni, which has a negative λ S . Patterned arrays of ferromagnetic nanoparticles of Fe 50 Co 50 , Ni, (and Co) were synthesized from their ultrathin metal films on SiO 2 substrate by nanosecond laser-induced self-organization. The morphology, nanostructure, and magnetic behavior of the nanoparticle arrays were investigated by a combination of electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and magnetic force microscopy techniques. Transmission electron microscopy investigations revealed a granular polycrystalline nanostructure, with the number of grains inside the nanoparticle increasing with their diameter. Magnetic force measurements showed that the magnetization direction of the hemispherical Co and Ni nanoparticles was predominantly out-of-plane while those for the Fe 50 Co 50 alloy was in the plane of the substrate. Finite element analysis was used to estimate the average residual strain in the nanoparticles, following laser processing. The difference in behavior is due to the dominating influence of magnetostrictive energy on the magnetization as a result of residual thermal strain following fast laser processing. Since λ S is negative for polycrystalline Co and Ni, and positive for Fe 50 Co 50 , the tensile residual strain forces the magnetization direction to out-of-plane and in-plane, respectively. This work demonstrates a cost-effective non-epitaxial technique for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles with tailored magnetization orientations. - Research Highlights: → Pulsed laser self

Scanning MOKE investigation of ion-beam-synthesized silicide films

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gumarov, G.G., E-mail: ifoggg@gmail.com [Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of THE RAS, 10/7 Sibirsky Trakt, Kazan 420029, Tatarstan (Russian Federation); Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Tatarstan (Russian Federation); Konovalov, D.A.; Alekseev, A.V. [Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of THE RAS, 10/7 Sibirsky Trakt, Kazan 420029, Tatarstan (Russian Federation); Petukhov, V.Yu. [Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of THE RAS, 10/7 Sibirsky Trakt, Kazan 420029, Tatarstan (Russian Federation); Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan 420008, Tatarstan (Russian Federation); Zhikharev, V.A. [Kazan State Technology University, 68 Karl Marx St., Kazan 420015, Tatarstan (Russian Federation); Nuzhdin, V.I.; Shustov, V.A. [Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of THE RAS, 10/7 Sibirsky Trakt, Kazan 420029, Tatarstan (Russian Federation)

2012-07-01

Fe ions with an energy of 40 keV were implanted into Si plates with the fluence varying in the range of (1.6-3.0) Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 17} ion/cm{sup 2} in the external magnetic field. Scanning magnetooptical Kerr effect (MOKE) studies have shown that all samples possess uniaxial anisotropy. Both the coercive field and the anisotropy field increase with fluence. It was suggested that induced anisotropy is caused by inverse magnetostriction.

Magnetic domain size effect on resistivity and Hall effect of amorphous Fe83-xZr7B10Mx (M=Ni, Nb) alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rhie, K.; Lim, W.Y.; Lee, S.H.; Yu, S.C.

1997-01-01

Studies of effective permeability, core loss and saturation magnetostriction of Fe 83-x Zr 7 B 10 M x (M=Ni, Nb) alloys revealed that the domain width is smallest around x=0.10. We measured the resistivity and low field Hall coefficients of these alloys and found that the maxima of resistivity and Hall coefficients occurred roughly at the same concentrations. Larger surface area of smaller domains is considered the reason. copyright 1997 American Institute of Physics

Magnetodielectric effect and optic soft mode behaviour in quantum paraelectric EuTiO.sub.3./sub. ceramics

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kamba, Stanislav; Nuzhnyy, Dmitry; Vaněk, Přemysl; Savinov, Maxim; Knížek, Karel; Shen, Z.; Šantavá, Eva; Maca, K.; Sadowski, M.; Petzelt, Jan

2007-01-01

Roč. 80, č. 2 (2007), 27002/1-27002/6 ISSN 0295-5075 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA202/06/0403; GA MŠk OC 101 Grant - others:MŠMT(CZ) OC 102; EU(XE) RITA-CT-2003-505474 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10100520 Keywords : magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effect * magnetostriction * infrared and Raman spectra * phonons in crystal lattices Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 2.206, year: 2007

Epitaxial rare-earth superlattices and films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Salamon, M.B.; Beach, R.S.; Flynn, C.P.; Matheny, A.; Tsui, F.; Rhyne, J.J.

1992-01-01

This paper reports on epitaxial growth of rare-earth superlattices which is demonstrated to have opened important new areas of research on magnetic materials. The propagation magnetic order through non-magnetic elements, including its range and anisotropy, has been studied. The importance of magnetostriction in determining the phase diagram is demonstrated by the changes induced by epitaxial clamping. The cyrstallinity of epitaxial superlattices provides the opportunity to study interfacial magnetism by conventional x-ray and neutron scattering methods

Ferrites and ceramic composites

CERN Document Server

Jotania, Rajshree B

2013-01-01

The Ferrite term is used to refer to all magnetic oxides containing iron as major metallic component. Ferrites are very attractive materials because they simultaneously show high resistivity and high saturation magnetization, and attract now considerable attention, because of the interesting physics involved. Typical ferrite material possesses excellent chemical stability, high corrosion resistivity, magneto-crystalline anisotropy, magneto-striction, and magneto-optical properties. Ferrites belong to the group of ferrimagnetic oxides, and include rare-earth garnets and ortho-ferrites. Several

Magnetostriction-driven ground-state stabilization in 2H perovskites

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Porter, D. G.; Senn, M. S.; University of Oxford; Khalyavin, D. D.; Cortese, A.

2016-01-01

In this paper, the magnetic ground state of Sr_3ARuO_6, with A =(Li,Na), is studied using neutron diffraction, resonant x-ray scattering, and laboratory characterization measurements of high-quality crystals. Combining these results allows us to observe the onset of long-range magnetic order and distinguish the symmetrically allowed magnetic models, identifying in-plane antiferromagnetic moments and a small ferromagnetic component along the c axis. While the existence of magnetic domains masks the particular in-plane direction of the moments, it has been possible to elucidate the ground state using symmetry considerations. We find that due to the lack of local anisotropy, antisymmetric exchange interactions control the magnetic order, first through structural distortions that couple to in-plane antiferromagnetic moments and second through a high-order magnetoelastic coupling that lifts the degeneracy of the in-plane moments. Finally, the symmetry considerations used to rationalize the magnetic ground state are very general and will apply to many systems in this family, such as Ca_3ARuO_6, with A = (Li,Na), and Ca_3LiOsO_6 whose magnetic ground states are still not completely understood.

Modelling of the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of high ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

mental hysteresis loop on the basis of evolutionary strategies and Hook–Jevis optimiza- ... Despite the growing popularity of soft metallic glasses in the market of magnetic cores for inductive ... minimization of the target function F where. F = n.

Modelling of the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of high ...

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

The parameters of energy-based Jiles–Atherton–Sablik (J–A–S) model were calculated for each experimental hysteresis loop on the basis of evolutionary strategies and Hook–Jevis optimization method. Finally, high conformity between experimental and modelling results was achieved. This high conformity indicates that ...

Induced magnetic anisotropy in Si-free nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials: A transmission x-ray diffraction study

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Parsons, R.; Suzuki, K.; Yanai, T.; Kishimoto, H.; Kato, A.; Ohnuma, M.

2015-01-01

In order to better understand the origin of field-induced anisotropy (K u ) in Si-free nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys, the lattice spacing of the bcc-Fe phase in nanocrystalline Fe 94−x Nb 6 B x (x = 10, 12, 14) alloys annealed under an applied magnetic field has been investigated by X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry (t-XRD) with the diffraction vector parallel and perpendicular to the field direction. The saturation magnetostriction (λ s ) of nanocrystalline Fe 94−x Nb 6 B x was found to increase linearly with the volume fraction of the residual amorphous phase and is well described by taking into account the volume-weighted average of two local λ s values for the bcc-Fe nanocrystallites (−5 ± 2 ppm) and the residual amorphous matrix (+8 ± 2 ppm). The lattice distortion required to produce the measured K u values (∼100 J/m 3 ) was estimated via the inverse magnetostrictive effect using the measured λ s values and was compared to the lattice spacing estimations made by t-XRD. The lattice strain required to produce K u under the magnetoelastic model was not observed by the t-XRD experiments and so the findings of this study suggest that the origin of magnetic field induced K u cannot be explained through the magnetoelastic effect

Influence of coating on nanocrystalline magnetic properties during high temperature thermal ageing

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lekdim, Atef, E-mail: atef.lekdim@univ-lyon1.fr; Morel, Laurent; Raulet, Marie-Ange

2017-05-15

Since their birth or mergence the late 1980s, the nanocrystalline ultrasoft magnetic materials are taking a great importance in power electronic systems conception. One of the main advantages that make them more attractive nowadays is their ability to be packaged since the reduction of the magnetostrictive constant to almost zero. In aircraft applications, due to the high component compactness and to their location (for example near the jet engine), the operating temperature increases and may reach easily 200 °C and more. Consequently, the magnetic thermal ageing may occur but is, unfortunately, weakly studied. This paper focuses on the influence of the coating (packaging type) on the magnetic nanocrystalline performances during a thermal ageing. This study is based on monitoring the magnetic characteristics of two types of nanocrystalline cores (naked and coated) during a thermal activated ageing (100, 150 and 200 °C). Based on a dedicated monitoring protocol, a large magnetic characterization has been done and analyzed. Elsewhere, X-Ray Diffraction and magnetostriction measurements were carried out to support the study of the anisotropy energies evolution with ageing. This latter is discussed in this paper to explain and give hypothesis about the ageing phenomena. - Highlights: • The coating impacts drastically the magnetic properties during thermal ageing. • Irreversible ageing phenomena after the total coating breakage. • The deteriorations are related to the storage of the magnetoelastic anisotropy.

Non-Resonant Magnetoelectric Energy Harvesting Utilizing Phase Transformation in Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Peter Finkel

2015-12-01

Full Text Available Recent advances in phase transition transduction enabled the design of a non-resonant broadband mechanical energy harvester that is capable of delivering an energy density per cycle up to two orders of magnitude larger than resonant cantilever piezoelectric type generators. This was achieved in a [011] oriented and poled domain engineered relaxor ferroelectric single crystal, mechanically biased to a state just below the ferroelectric rhombohedral (FR-ferroelectric orthorhombic (FO phase transformation. Therefore, a small variation in an input parameter, e.g., electrical, mechanical, or thermal will generate a large output due to the significant polarization change associated with the transition. This idea was extended in the present work to design a non-resonant, multi-domain magnetoelectric composite hybrid harvester comprised of highly magnetostrictive alloy, [Fe81.4Ga18.6 (Galfenol or TbxDy1-xFe2 (Terfenol-D], and lead indium niobate–lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate (PIN-PMN-PT domain engineered relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. A small magnetic field applied to the coupled device causes the magnetostrictive element to expand, and the resulting stress forces the phase change in the relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. We have demonstrated high energy conversion in this magnetoelectric device by triggering the FR-FO transition in the single crystal by a small ac magnetic field in a broad frequency range that is important for multi-domain hybrid energy harvesting devices.

Ferromagnetism versus slow paramagnetic relaxation in Fe-doped Li3N

Science.gov (United States)

Fix, M.; Jesche, A.; Jantz, S. G.; Bräuninger, S. A.; Klauss, H.-H.; Manna, R. S.; Pietsch, I. M.; Höppe, H. A.; Canfield, P. C.

2018-02-01

We report on isothermal magnetization, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetostriction as well as temperature-dependent alternating-current (ac) susceptibility, specific heat, and thermal expansion of single crystalline and polycrystalline Li2(Li1 -xFex) N with x =0 and x ≈0.30 . Magnetic hysteresis emerges at temperatures below T ≈50 K with coercivity fields of up to μ0H =11.6 T at T =2 K and magnetic anisotropy energies of 310 K (27 meV). The ac susceptibility is strongly frequency-dependent (f =10 -10 000 Hz) and reveals an effective energy barrier for spin reversal of Δ E ≈1100 K (90 meV). The relaxation times follow Arrhenius behavior for T >25 K . For T <10 K , however, the relaxation times of τ ≈1010 s are only weakly temperature-dependent, indicating the relevance of a quantum tunneling process instead of thermal excitations. The magnetic entropy amounts to more than 25 J molFe-1 K-1, which significantly exceeds R ln 2 , the value expected for the entropy of a ground-state doublet. Thermal expansion and magnetostriction indicate a weak magnetoelastic coupling in accordance with slow relaxation of the magnetization. The classification of Li2(Li1 -xFex) N as ferromagnet is stressed and contrasted with highly anisotropic and slowly relaxing paramagnetic behavior.

Mechanical improvement of metal reinforcement rings for a finite ring-shaped superconducting bulk

Science.gov (United States)

Huang, Chen-Guang; Zhou, You-He

2018-03-01

As a key technique, reinforcement of type-II superconducting bulks with metal rings can efficiently improve their mechanical properties to enhance the maximum trapped field. In this paper, we study the magnetostrictive and fracture behaviors of a finite superconducting ring bulk reinforced by three typical reinforcing structures composed of metal rings during the magnetizing process by means of the minimization of magnetic energy and the finite element method. After a field-dependent critical current density is adopted, the magnetostriction, pinning-induced stress, and crack tip stress intensity factor are calculated considering the demagnetization effects. The results show that the mechanical properties of the ring bulk are strongly dependent on the reinforcing structure and the material and geometrical parameters of the metal rings. Introducing the metal ring can significantly reduce the hoop stress, and the reduction effect by internal reinforcement is much improved relative to external reinforcement. By comparison, bilateral reinforcement seems to be the best candidate structure. Only when the metal rings have particular Young's modulus and radial thickness will they contribute to improve the mechanical properties the most. In addition, if an edge crack is pre-existing in the ring bulk, the presence of metal rings can effectively avoid crack propagation since it reduces the crack tip stress intensity factor by nearly one order of magnitude.

Angle dependence on the anisotropic magnetoresistance amplitude of a single-contacted Ni nanowire subjected to a thermo-mechanical strain

Science.gov (United States)

Melilli, G.; Madon, B.; Wegrowe, J.-E.; Clochard, M.-C.

2015-12-01

The effects of thermoelastic and piezoelectric strain of an active track-etched β-PVDF polymer matrix on an electrodeposited single-contacted Ni nanowire (NW) are investigated at the nanoscale by measuring the change of magnetization (i.e. using the inverse magnetostriction effect). The magnetization state is measured locally by anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). The ferromagnetic NW plays thus the role of a mechanical probe that allows the effects of mechanical strain to be characterized and described qualitatively and quantitatively. The inverse magnetostriction was found to be responsible for a quasi-disappearance of the AMR signal for a variation of the order of ΔT ≈ 10 K. In other terms, the variation of the magnetization due to the stress compensates the effect of external magnetic field applied on the NW resistance. The induced stress field in a single Ni NW was found 1000 time higher than the bulk stress field (due to thermal expansion measured on the PVDF). This amplification could be attributed to three nanoscopic effects: (1) a stress mismatch between the Ni NW and the membrane, (2) a non-negligible role of the surface tension on Ni NW Young modulus, and (3) the possibility of non-linear stress-strain law. We investigate here the role of these different contributions using track-etched polymer membranes irradiated at various angles (αirrad) leading to, after electrodeposition, embedded Ni NWs of different orientations.

Angle dependence on the anisotropic magnetoresistance amplitude of a single-contacted Ni nanowire subjected to a thermo-mechanical strain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Melilli, G.; Madon, B.; Wegrowe, J.-E.; Clochard, M.-C.

2015-01-01

The effects of thermoelastic and piezoelectric strain of an active track-etched β-PVDF polymer matrix on an electrodeposited single-contacted Ni nanowire (NW) are investigated at the nanoscale by measuring the change of magnetization (i.e. using the inverse magnetostriction effect). The magnetization state is measured locally by anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). The ferromagnetic NW plays thus the role of a mechanical probe that allows the effects of mechanical strain to be characterized and described qualitatively and quantitatively. The inverse magnetostriction was found to be responsible for a quasi-disappearance of the AMR signal for a variation of the order of ΔT ≈ 10 K. In other terms, the variation of the magnetization due to the stress compensates the effect of external magnetic field applied on the NW resistance. The induced stress field in a single Ni NW was found 1000 time higher than the bulk stress field (due to thermal expansion measured on the PVDF). This amplification could be attributed to three nanoscopic effects: (1) a stress mismatch between the Ni NW and the membrane, (2) a non-negligible role of the surface tension on Ni NW Young modulus, and (3) the possibility of non-linear stress–strain law. We investigate here the role of these different contributions using track-etched polymer membranes irradiated at various angles (α irrad ) leading to, after electrodeposition, embedded Ni NWs of different orientations.

Anisotropies in sputtered FeCoV films and FeCoV/Ti:N multilayers

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Clemens, D.; Vananti, A.; Terrier, C.; Boeni, P.; Schnyder, B.; Tixier, S.; Horisberger, M. [Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)

1997-09-01

SQUID and MOKE magnetometry as well as mechanical and X-ray stress analysis have been used in order to prove the magnetostrictive nature of the anisotropy in Fe{sub 0.50}Co{sub 0.48}V{sub 0.02} films and Fe{sub 0.50}Co{sub 0.48}V{sub 0.02} /Ti:N multilayers. The investigation stresses on the dependence on the sputter gas pressure and on the thickness of the deposited layer. (author) 1 fig., 6 refs.

Synthesis and characterization of multilayered BaTiO3/NiFe2O4 thin films

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Branimir Bajac

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Presented research was focused on the fabrication of multiferroic thin film structures, composed of ferrielectric barium titanate perovskite phase and magnetostrictive nickel ferrite spinel phase. The applicability of different, solution based, deposition techniques (film growth from solution, dip coating and spin coating for thefabrication of multilayered BaTiO3 /NiFe2O4 thin films was investigated. It was shown that only spin coating produces films of desired nanostructure, thickness and smooth and crackfree surfaces.

Magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of the random anisotropy amorphous magnets Tb2(FexNi1-x)

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

De la Fuente, C.; Arnaudas, J.I.; Del Moral, A.; Ciria, M.

1996-01-01

Amorphous Tb 2 (Fe x Ni 1-x ) compounds show the strongest random anisotropy known: D/J≅5.2, between crystal field and exchange strengths, separately obtained. The magnetic phase diagram shows two speri-magnetic phases. The effective magnetic moment is reduced, μ eff. (5 K, 12 T)≅7.2 μ B /Tb 3+ . Magnetostriction is very large and constant, λ t (5 K, 12 T)≅4.1.10 -3 . The local distribution of Tb 3+ ions is aspherical. (orig.)

Research on the Lift-off Effect of Receiving Longitudinal Mode Guided Waves in Pipes Based on the Villari Effect

OpenAIRE

Xu, Jiang; Sun, Yong; Zhou, Jinhai

2016-01-01

The magnetostrictive guided wave technology as a non-contact measurement can generate and receive guided waves with a large lift-off distance up to tens of millimeters. However, the lift-off distance of the receiving coil would affect the coupling efficiency from the elastic energy to the electromagnetic energy. In the existing magnetomechanical models, the change of the magnetic field in the air gap was ignored since the permeability of the rod is much greater than that of air. The lift-off ...

Induced magnetic anisotropy in Si-free nanocrystalline soft magnetic materials: A transmission x-ray diffraction study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Parsons, R., E-mail: rparsons01@gmail.com; Suzuki, K. [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Yanai, T. [Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521 (Japan); Kishimoto, H.; Kato, A. [Toyota Motor Corporation, Mishuku, Susono, Shizuoka 410-1193 (Japan); Ohnuma, M. [Faculty and Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628 (Japan)

2015-05-07

In order to better understand the origin of field-induced anisotropy (K{sub u}) in Si-free nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloys, the lattice spacing of the bcc-Fe phase in nanocrystalline Fe{sub 94−x}Nb{sub 6}B{sub x} (x = 10, 12, 14) alloys annealed under an applied magnetic field has been investigated by X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry (t-XRD) with the diffraction vector parallel and perpendicular to the field direction. The saturation magnetostriction (λ{sub s}) of nanocrystalline Fe{sub 94−x}Nb{sub 6}B{sub x} was found to increase linearly with the volume fraction of the residual amorphous phase and is well described by taking into account the volume-weighted average of two local λ{sub s} values for the bcc-Fe nanocrystallites (−5 ± 2 ppm) and the residual amorphous matrix (+8 ± 2 ppm). The lattice distortion required to produce the measured K{sub u} values (∼100 J/m{sup 3}) was estimated via the inverse magnetostrictive effect using the measured λ{sub s} values and was compared to the lattice spacing estimations made by t-XRD. The lattice strain required to produce K{sub u} under the magnetoelastic model was not observed by the t-XRD experiments and so the findings of this study suggest that the origin of magnetic field induced K{sub u} cannot be explained through the magnetoelastic effect.

The profile of the domain walls in amorphous glass-covered microwires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beck, F.; Rigue, J.N. [Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Cachoeira do Sul, RS (Brazil); Carara, M., E-mail: carara@smail.ufsm.br [Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS (Brazil)

2017-08-01

Highlights: • Glass-covered microwires with positive magnetostriction were studied. • The single domain wall dynamics was studied under different conditions. • We have evaluated the profile and shape of the moving domain walls. • The domain wall evolves from a bell shape to a parabolic one when a current is applied. - Abstract: We have studied the domain wall dynamics in Joule-annealed amorphous glass-covered microwires with positive magnetostriction in the presence of an electric current, in order to evaluate the profile and shape of the moving domain wall. Such microwires are known to present magnetic bi-stability when axially magnetized. The single domain wall dynamics was evaluated under different conditions, under an axially applied stress and an electric current. We have observed the well known increasing of the domain wall damping with the applied stress due to the increase in the magnetoelastic anisotropy and, when the current is applied, depending on the current intensity and direction, a modification on the axial domain wall damping. When the orthogonal motion of the domain wall is considered, we have observed that the associated velocity present a smaller dependence on the applied current intensity. It was observed a modification on both the domain wall shape and length. In a general way, the domain wall evolves from a bell shape to a parabolic shape as the current intensity is increased. The results were explained in terms of the change in the magnetic energy promoted by the additional Oersted field.

A structural, magnetic and Moessbauer spectral study of the magnetocaloric Mn1.1Fe0.9P1-xGex compounds

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sougrati, Moulay T; Hermann, Raphael P; Grandjean, Fernande; Long, Gary J; Brueck, E; Tegus, O; Trung, N T; Buschow, K H J

2008-01-01

The structural, magnetic and Moessbauer spectral properties of the magnetocaloric Mn 1.1 Fe 0.9 P 1-x Ge x compounds, with 0.19 1.1 Fe 0.9 P 0.74 Ge 0.26 . The temperature dependence of the magnetization reveals a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition with a Curie temperature between approximately 250 and 330 K and hysteresis width of 10 to 4 K, for 0.19 1.1 Fe 0.9 P 0.78 Ge 0.22 shows the largest isothermal entropy change of approximately 10 J/(kgKT) at 290 K. The Moessbauer spectra have been analysed with a binomial distribution of hyperfine fields correlated with a change in isomer shift and quadrupole shift, a distribution that results from the distribution of phosphorus and germanium among the near neighbours of the iron. The coexistence of paramagnetic and magnetically ordered phases in ranges of temperature of up to 50 K around the Curie temperature is observed in the Moessbauer spectra and is associated with the first-order character of the ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition. The temperature dependence of the weighted average hyperfine field is well fitted within the magnetostrictive model of Bean and Rodbell. Good fits of the Moessbauer spectra could only be achieved by introducing a difference between the isomer shifts in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, a difference that is related to the magnetostriction and electronic structure change.

Structural and Giant Magneto-impedance properties of Cr-incorporated Co-Fe-Si-B amorphous microwires

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sarkar, Partha [NDE and Magnetic Materials Group, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007 (India); Basu Mallick, A. [Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711103 (India); Roy, R.K. [NDE and Magnetic Materials Group, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007 (India); Panda, A.K., E-mail: akpanda@nmlindia.org [NDE and Magnetic Materials Group, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007 (India); Mitra, A. [NDE and Magnetic Materials Group, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory, Jamshedpur 831007 (India)

2012-04-15

The investigation is focused on the effect of Cr incorporation for Co/Fe in (Co{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 0.5}){sub 78-x}Cr{sub x}Si{sub 8}B{sub 14} (x=0-12) amorphous microwires of 110 {mu}m diameter prepared by in-water quenching technique. The rise in crystallization onset T{sub X1} with Cr addition revealed the elemental contribution against devitrification and a consequent thermal stability. Cr is unfavorable towards ferromagnetic ordering leading to a linear drop in Curie temperature T{sub ca} with its rise in concentration. The presence of low Cr content upto Cr-4 at.% has been effective in drastically improving the Giant magneto-impedance (GMI) property. Cr content in the range of 4{<=}X{<=}10 has low magnetostriction and maximum field sensitivity in the as-quenched state. The GMI properties are further improved after annealing treatment. High content of Cr>10 is found to be deleterious towards GMI behavior and its consequent application as sensor material. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cr incorporation in CoFeSiB alloy enhanced thermal stability against devitrification. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Optimal Cr content induced low magnetostriction in the rapidly quenched microwires. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer High GMI ratio and field sensitivity was obtained with optimum Cr in the microwires. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Annealing treatment at 725 K for 15 min improved the GMI response of microwires.

Angle dependence on the anisotropic magnetoresistance amplitude of a single-contacted Ni nanowire subjected to a thermo-mechanical strain

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Melilli, G.; Madon, B.; Wegrowe, J.-E., E-mail: jean-eric.wegrowe@polytechnique.edu; Clochard, M.-C., E-mail: clochard@cea.fr

2015-12-15

The effects of thermoelastic and piezoelectric strain of an active track-etched β-PVDF polymer matrix on an electrodeposited single-contacted Ni nanowire (NW) are investigated at the nanoscale by measuring the change of magnetization (i.e. using the inverse magnetostriction effect). The magnetization state is measured locally by anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR). The ferromagnetic NW plays thus the role of a mechanical probe that allows the effects of mechanical strain to be characterized and described qualitatively and quantitatively. The inverse magnetostriction was found to be responsible for a quasi-disappearance of the AMR signal for a variation of the order of ΔT ≈ 10 K. In other terms, the variation of the magnetization due to the stress compensates the effect of external magnetic field applied on the NW resistance. The induced stress field in a single Ni NW was found 1000 time higher than the bulk stress field (due to thermal expansion measured on the PVDF). This amplification could be attributed to three nanoscopic effects: (1) a stress mismatch between the Ni NW and the membrane, (2) a non-negligible role of the surface tension on Ni NW Young modulus, and (3) the possibility of non-linear stress–strain law. We investigate here the role of these different contributions using track-etched polymer membranes irradiated at various angles (α{sub irrad}) leading to, after electrodeposition, embedded Ni NWs of different orientations.

Evidence for multiferroic characteristics in NdCrTiO5

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Saha, J.; Sharma, G.; Patnaik, S.

2014-01-01

We report NdCrTiO 5 to be an unusual multiferroic material with large magnetic field dependent electric polarization. While magneto-electric coupling in this two magnetic sub-lattice oxide is well established, the purpose of this study is to look for spontaneous symmetry breaking at the magnetic transition. The conclusions are based on extensive magnetization, dielectric and polarization measurements around its antiferromagnetic ordering temperature of 18 K. Room temperature X-ray diffraction pattern of NdCrTiO 5 reveals that the sample is single phase with an orthorhombic crystal structure that allows linear magneto-electric coupling. DC magnetization measurement shows magnetization downturn at 11 K together with a small kink corresponding to the Cr +3 sub-lattice ordering at ∼18 K. An anomaly in dielectric constant is observed around the magnetic ordering temperature that increases substantially with increasing magnetic field. Through detailed pyroelectric current measurements at zero magnetic field, particularly as a function of thermal cycling, we establish that NdCrTiO 5 is a genuine multiferroic material that is possibly driven by collinear magneto-striction. - Highlights: • We provide evidence for multiferroicity in NdCrTiO 5 . • Large magnetic field dependent electric polarization is confirmed. • Sign reversal of pyroelectric current upon thermal cycling proves genuine ferroelectricity. • A model based on collinear magneto-striction is proposed. • A new class of multiferroic materials with large ME coupling is established

New Devices for Electret Measurement

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

ROMANIUC Ilie

2013-05-01

Full Text Available Green energy research have increased in recent decades and interest in unconventional energy production systems is becoming more pronounced. Such unconventional energy generation system is alsobased on electret generator. The electret, is a dielectric material that has a quasi-permanent electric charge. This paper, provides a brief history of the Carnauba wax electret, will be described the process of electret making and will be presented two devices formeasuring the carnauba wax electrets, one of which uses magnetostrictive phenomenon and the second design is achieved with an oscilomotor.

ISR Intersection 1

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1974-01-01

The experimental apparatus used at intersection 1 by the CERN-Bologna Collaboration (experiment R105). It consists of two almost identical magnetic spectrometers centered at 90 degrees on opposite sides of the intersection region. In each spectrometer one can see magnetostrictive wire spark chambers, a magnet, more chambers and various hodoscopes of scintillation counters. Gas Cerenkov counters (almost invisible in the picture) are located in the gap of each magnet. On the left hand side, a matrix of 119 lead glass Cerenkov counters is located behind some concrete and iron shielding.

Neutron diffraction study of the magnetic long-range order in Tb

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Dietrich, O.W.; Als-Nielsen, Jens Aage

1967-01-01

Like other heavy rare-earth metals, Tb exhibits a magnetic phase with a spiral structure. This appears within the temperature region from 216 to 226deg K between the ferromagnetic phase and the paramagnetic phase. The transition between ferromagnetic and spiral structure is of first order and imp...... at 216deg K to 20.7deg at 226deg K. The temperature variation of the transverse magnetostriction has also been measured and was found to vary approximately in proportion to the square of the magnetic long-range order....

Rare-earth magnets and their applications. Vol. 2. Proceedings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Schultz, L.; Mueller, K.H.

1998-01-01

The following topics were dealt with: permanent magnets, rare- earth magnets, manufacturing, markets, powder metallurgy, sintering, mechanical alloying, nanocrystalline magnets, Curie temperature, domain structure, exchange coupling, stoichiometry effects, coercive force, remanence, magnetisation distribution, demagnetisation, mechanical properties, deformation behaviour, microstructure, grain size effects, texture, magnetic anisotropy, hydrogen assisted processing, nitriding, hydrogen embrittlement, permanent magnet motors, permanent magnet generators, brushless machines, linear motors, DC motors, AC motors, servomotors, magnetic levitation, magnetic field calculations, magnetic damping, magnet system design, system optimisation, corrosion protection, magnetometers, hard magnetic films, magnetostriction, magnetic multilayers, spin glass behaviour

Method of making active magnetic refrigerant materials based on Gd-Si-Ge alloys

Science.gov (United States)

Pecharsky, Alexandra O.; Gschneidner, Jr., Karl A.; Pecharsky, Vitalij K.

2006-10-03

An alloy made of heat treated material represented by Gd.sub.5(Si.sub.xGe.sub.1-x).sub.4 where 0.47.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.56 that exhibits a magnetic entropy change (-.DELTA.S.sub.m) of at least 16 J/kg K, a magnetostriction of at least 2000 parts per million, and a magnetoresistance of at least 5 percent at a temperature of about 300K and below, and method of heat treating the material between 800 to 1600 degrees C. for a time to this end.

Giant magnetostructural coupling in Gd{sub 2/3}Ca{sub 1/3}MnO{sub 3}

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Correa, V F; Nieva, G; Haberkorn, N [Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Centro Atomico Bariloche, 8400 S. C. de Bariloche (Argentina); Saenger, N [Fachbereich Physik, Universitaet Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz (Germany); Jorge, G, E-mail: victor.correa@cab.cnea.gov.a [Departamento de Fisica, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires (Argentina)

2009-05-01

We report high magnetic field magnetostructural studies on Gd{sub 2/3}Ca{sub 1/3}MnO{sub 3} single crystals. A giant linear magnetostrictive effect is observed in a wide temperature range (T < 120 K). Above 25 K a large hysteresis is seen reflecting the Mn magnetic moments ordering. At lower temperature (T < 15 K), a rather complicated field dependence arising from the competition between the Mn and Gd magnetic sublattices is observed. The relevance of the Gd ions in the low temperature behavior is further corroborated by specific heat experiments.

Method of forming magnetostrictive rods from rare earth-iron alloys

Science.gov (United States)

McMasters, O. Dale

1986-09-02

Rods of magnetrostructive alloys of iron with rare earth elements are formed by flowing a body of rare earth-iron alloy in a crucible enclosed in a chamber maintained under an inert gas atmosphere, forcing such molten rare-earth-iron alloy into a hollow mold tube of refractory material positioned with its lower end portion within the molten body by means of a pressure differential between the chamber and mold tube and maintaining a portion of the molten alloy in the crucible extending to a level above the lower end of the mold tube so that solid particles of higher melting impurities present in the alloy collect at the surface of the molten body and remain within the crucible as the rod is formed in the mold tube.

Cut-off frequency of magnetostrictive materials based on permeability spectra

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Meng Hao; Zhang Tianli; Jiang Chengbao

2012-01-01

The loss behavior and cut-off frequency of TbDyFe alloy and TbDyFe/epoxy composite have been investigated by measuring their permeability spectra. The loss factor of TbDyFe alloy increases exponentially as the frequency goes up, while it is almost unchanged for the TbDyFe/epoxy composite. The loss factor value for the TbDyFe composite is only 4.3% of that for the monolithic TbDyFe alloy at high frequency of 10 kHz under the peak magnetic induction of 10 mT. The cut-off frequency of TbDyFe/epoxy composite is 6800 kHz, 3 orders of magnitude larger than that of TbDyFe alloy. The cut-off frequency is found to be the ferromagnetic resonance frequency and can be calculated from Snoek's law. - Highlights: ► The cut-off frequency of TbDyFe alloy and TbDyFe/epoxy composite has been investigated. ► Permeability spectra are used to study loss behavior and cut-off frequency. ► A mathematic formula is deduced to predict the cut-off frequency. ► TbDyFe/epoxy composite presents high cut-off frequency of 6800 kHz.

Irreversibility in room temperature current–voltage characteristics of NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles: A signature of electrical memory effect

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dey, P.; Debnath, Rajesh; Singh, Swati; Mandal, S.K.; Roy, J.N.

2017-01-01

Room temperature I–V characteristics study, both in presence and absence of magnetic field (1800 Oe), has been performed on NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles, having different particle size (φ~14, 21 and 31 nm). Our experiments on these nanoparticles provide evidences for: (1) electrical irreversibility or hysteretic behaviour; (2) positive magnetoresistance and (3) magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility or hysteresis in the sample. “Hysteretic” nature of I–V curve reveals the existence of electrical memory effect in the sample. Significantly, such hysteresis has been found to be tuned by magnetic field. In order to explain the observed electrical irreversibility, we have proposed a phenomenological model on the light of induced polarization in the sample. Both the positive magnetoresistance and the observed magnetic field dependence of electrical irreversibility have been explained through magnetostriction phenomenon. Interestingly, such effects are found to get reduced with increasing particle size. For NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles having φ=31 nm, we did not observe any irreversibility effect. This feature has been attributed to the enhanced grain surface effect that in turn gives rise to the residual polarization and hence electrical memory effect in NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles, having small nanoscopic particle size. - Highlights: • I-V characteristics study of NiFe_2O_4 nanoparticles with varying particle sizes. • Experiments evident electrical hysteretic behaviour, i.e., electrical memory effect. • Magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility is due to magnetostriction. • A phenomenological model has been proposed on the light of induced polarization. • Such electrical irreversibility decreases with increasing particle sizes.

A comparison of dental ultrasonic technologies on subgingival calculus removal: a pilot study.

Science.gov (United States)

Silva, Lidia Brión; Hodges, Kathleen O; Calley, Kristin Hamman; Seikel, John A

2012-01-01

This pilot study compared the clinical endpoints of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments on calculus removal. The null hypothesis stated that there is no statistically significant difference in calculus removal between the 2 instruments. A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design was used. Eighteen participants were included. The magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic instruments were used in 2 assigned contra-lateral quadrants on each participant. A data collector, blind to treatment assignment, assessed the calculus on 6 predetermined tooth sites before and after ultrasonic instrumentation. Calculus size was evaluated using ordinal measurements on a 4 point scale (0, 1, 2, 3). Subjects were required to have size 2 or 3 calculus deposit on the 6 predetermined sites. One clinician instrumented the pre-assigned quadrants. A maximum time of 20 minutes of instrumentation was allowed with each technology. Immediately after instrumentation, the data collector then conducted the post-test calculus evaluation. The repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the pre- and post-test calculus data (p≤0.05). The null hypothesis was accepted indicating that there is no statistically significant difference in calculus removal when comparing technologies (p≤0.05). Therefore, under similar conditions, both technologies removed the same amount of calculus. This research design could be used as a foundation for continued research in this field. Future studies include implementing this study design with a larger sample size and/or modifying the study design to include multiple clinicians who are data collectors. Also, deposit removal with periodontal maintenance patients could be explored.

Effect of composition on the magnetic and elastic properties shape-memory Ni-Mn-Ga

Science.gov (United States)

Malla, Aayush; Dapino, Marcelo J.; Lograsso, Thomas A.; Schlagel, Deborah

2003-08-01

The growing interest in ferromagnetic shape-memory Ni-Mn-Ga for implementation in actuator applications originates from the fact that this class of materials exhibits large strains when driven by a magnetic field. Large bidirectional strains up to a theoretical 6% are produced in these materials by twin boundary motion as martensite variants rotate to align respectively parallel or perpendicular to applied magnetic fields or stresses. These strains represent a significant improvement over piezoelectric and magnetostrictive materials. In this paper, we report on experimental measurements conducted on Ni-Mn-Ga cylindrical rods subjected to uniaxial stresses and uniaxial magnetic fields which were applied collinearly along the magnetic easy axis direction of the rods. To this end, a test apparatus was developed which consists of a water-cooled solenoid actuator and a loading fixture. Despite the lack of a readily recognizable mechanism for reversible deformations, bidirectional strains as large as 4300 ppm (0.43%) were observed, or three times the saturation magnetostriction of Terfenol-D. This paper presents room-temperature data including magnetization hysteresis, strain versus field and peak strain versus stress curves collected over a range of stresses between 0-65 MPa. From the latter set of curves, blocking force values are estimated as those for which the strain is 1% of the maximum (zero-load) strain. The results illustrate the sensitivity of material behavior with respect to composition at different driving conditions and offer insight on the choice of material compositions at which maximum actuation performance is achieved.

Collapse of the magnetic moment under pressure of AFe{sub 2} (A=Y, Zr, Lu and Hf) in the cubic Laves phase

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zhang, Wenxu, E-mail: xwzhang@uestc.edu.cn; Zhang, Wanli

2016-04-15

The electronic structures of four Laves phase iron compounds (e.g. YFe{sub 2}, ZrFe{sub 2}, LuFe{sub 2} and HfFe{sub 2}) have been calculated with a state-of-the-art full potential electronic structure code. Our theoretical work predicted that the magnetic moments collapse under hydrostatic pressure. This feature is found to be universal in these materials. Its electronic origin is provided by the sharp peaks in the density of states near the Fermi level. It is shown that a first order quantum phase transition can be expected under pressure in Y(Zr, or Lu)Fe{sub 2}, while a second order one in HfFe{sub 2}. The bonding characteristics are discussed to elucidate the equilibrium lattice constant variation. The large spontaneous volume magnetostriction gives one of the most important characteristics of these compounds. Invar anomalies in these compounds can be partly explained by the current work when the fast continuous magnetic moment decrease with the decrease of the lattice constant was properly considered. This work may be as a first insight into the rich world of quantum phase transition and Invar mechanism in these Laves phase compounds. - Highlights: • Magnetic moment of YFe{sub 2}, ZrFe{sub 2}, LuFe{sub 2} and HfFe{sub 2} collapses under pressure. • The transition in Y(Zr or Lu) Fe{sub 2} under pressure is first order. • The transition in HfFe{sub 2} under pressure is second order. • The Invar effects in the compounds can be put into the magnetostriction model.

Giant Magnetoelectric Energy Conversion Utilizing Inter-Ferroelectric Phase Transformations in Ferroics

Science.gov (United States)

Finkel, Peter; Staruch, Margo

Phase transition-based electromechanical transduction permits achieving a non-resonant broadband mechanical energy conversion see (Finkel et al Actuators, 5 [1] 2. (2015)) , the idea is based on generation high energy density per cycle , at least 100x of magnitude larger than linear piezoelectric type generators in stress biased [011]cut relaxor ferroelectric Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) single crystal can generate reversible strain >0.35% at remarkably low fields (0.1 MV/m) for tens of millions of cycles. Recently we demonstrated that large strain and polarization rotation can be generated for over 40 x 106cycles with little fatigue by realization of reversible ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition in [011] cut PIN-PMN-PT relaxor ferroelectric single crystal while sweeping through the transition with a low applied electric field <0.18 MV/m under mechanical stress. This methodology was extended in the present work to propose magnetoelectric (ME) composite hybrid system comprised of highly magnetostrictive alloymFe81.4Ga18.6 (Galfenol), and lead indium niobate-lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PIN-PMN-PT) domain engineered relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. A small time-varying magnetic field applied to this system causes the magnetostrictive element to expand, and the resulting stress forces the phase change in the relaxor ferroelectric single crystal. ME coupling coefficient was fond to achieve 80 V/cm Oe near the FR-FO phase transition that is at least 100X of magnitude higher than any currently reported values.

Hysteresis modeling based on saturation operator without constraints

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Park, Y.W.; Seok, Y.T.; Park, H.J.; Chung, J.Y.

2007-01-01

This paper proposes a simple way to model complex hysteresis in a magnetostrictive actuator by employing the saturation operators without constraints. Having no constraints causes a singularity problem, i.e. the inverse matrix cannot be obtained during calculating the weights. To overcome it, a pseudoinverse concept is introduced. Simulation results are compared with the experimental data, based on a Terfenol-D actuator. It is clear that the proposed model is much closer to the experimental data than the modified PI model. The relative error is calculated as 12% and less than 1% with the modified PI Model and proposed model, respectively

Magnetoelastic behaviour of Gd sub 5 Ge sub 4

CERN Document Server

Magen, C; Algarabel, P A; Marquina, C; Ibarra, M R

2003-01-01

A complete investigation of the complex magnetic behaviour of Gd sub 5 Ge sub 4 by means of linear thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements (5-300 K, 0-120 kOe) has been carried out. Our results support the suggested existence in this system of a coupled crystallographic-magnetic transition from a Gd sub 5 Ge sub 4 -type Pnma (antiferromagnetic) to a Gd sub 5 Si sub 4 -type Pnma (ferromagnetic) state. Strong magnetoelastic effects are observed at the field-induced first-order magnetic-martensitic transformation. A revised magnetic and crystallographic H- T phase diagram is proposed.

Investigation of the sidereal anisotropy of muons with energies greater than 2 GeV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Uhr, R.C.; Faehnders, E.; Koseck, K.; Klemke, G.; Jokisch, H.; Dau, W.D.

1975-01-01

The sidereal variation of the intensity of cosmic-ray-muons is investigated by means of a stack of four wire-spark-chambers with magneto-strictive readout. The apparatus is sensitive for particles with a momentum greater than 2 GeV/c, the triggerrate is 0.74 sec -1 and the arrival directions can be determined with an accuracy of some tenths of degree. The apparatus is scanning all arrival directions the declination of which lay between -25 and +60 degrees. Till now 1.26 x 10 6 muons were scanned and no anisotropies found. (orig.) [de

Energy-based ferromagnetic material model with magnetic anisotropy

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Steentjes, Simon, E-mail: simon.steentjes@iem.rwth-aachen.de [Institute of Electrical Machines - RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 4, D-52056 Aachen (Germany); Henrotte, François, E-mail: francois.henrotte@uclouvain.be [Institute of Mechanics Materials and Civil Engineering - UCL, Av. G. Lemaître 4-6, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium); Hameyer, Kay [Institute of Electrical Machines - RWTH Aachen University, Schinkelstr. 4, D-52056 Aachen (Germany)

2017-03-01

Non-oriented soft magnetic materials are commonly assumed to be magnetically isotropic. However, due to the rolling process a preferred direction exists along the rolling direction. This uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and the related magnetostriction effect, are critical to the accurate calculation of iron losses and magnetic forces in rotating electrical machines. This paper proposes an extension of an isotropic energy-based vector hysteresis model to account for these two effects. - Highlights: • Energy-based vector hysteresis model with magnetic anisotropy. • Two-scale model to account for pinning field distribution. • Pinning force and reluctivity are extended to anisotropic case.

Recent development of non-oriented electrical steel sheet for automobile electrical devices

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Oda, Yoshihiko; Kohno, Masaaki; Honda, Atsuhito

2008-01-01

This paper describes non-oriented electrical steel sheet for automobile motors and reactors. Electrical steel sheets for energy efficient motors show high magnetic flux density and low iron loss. They are suitable for HEV traction motors and EPS motors. A thin-gauge electrical steel sheet and a gradient Si steel sheet show low iron loss in the high-frequency range. Therefore, the efficiency of high-frequency devices can be greatly improved. Since a 6.5% Si steel sheet possesses low iron loss and zero magnetostriction, it contributes to reduce the core loss and audible noise of high-frequency reactors

Writing magnetic patterns with surface acoustic waves

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Li, Weiyang; Buford, Benjamin; Jander, Albrecht; Dhagat, Pallavi, E-mail: dhagat@eecs.oregonstate.edu [School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 (United States)

2014-05-07

A novel patterning technique that creates magnetization patterns in a continuous magnetostrictive film with surface acoustic waves is demonstrated. Patterns of 10 μm wide stripes of alternating magnetization and a 3 μm dot of reversed magnetization are written using standing and focusing acoustic waves, respectively. The magnetization pattern is size-tunable, erasable, and rewritable by changing the magnetic field and acoustic power. This versatility, along with its solid-state implementation (no moving parts) and electronic control, renders it as a promising technique for application in magnetic recording, magnonic signal processing, magnetic particle manipulation, and spatial magneto-optical modulation.

Voltage control of a magnetization easy axis in piezoelectric/ferromagnetic hybrid films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kim, Sang-Koog; Lee, Jeong-Won; Shin, Sung-Chul; Song, Han Wook; Lee, Chang Ho; No, Kwangsoo

2003-01-01

We have established a spontaneous magnetization-axis switching in ferromagnetic films by applying a low voltage to a piezoelectric layer in a newly developed hybrid system comprised of the ferromagnetic and piezoelectric films. The magnetization easy axis along which a spontaneous magnetization is oriented, is readily switchable by a voltage without applying an external magnetic field through both the inverse magnetostrictive and piezoelectric effects of CoPd and lead-zirconate-titanate alloy films, respectively. This challenging work provides a new way into the memory writing as well as storage means of ultrahigh bit densities in nonvolatile magnetic random access memory

Theory, Instrumentation and Applications of Magnetoelastic Resonance Sensors: A Review

Science.gov (United States)

Grimes, Craig A.; Roy, Somnath C.; Rani, Sanju; Cai, Qingyun

2011-01-01

Thick-film magnetoelastic sensors vibrate mechanically in response to a time varying magnetic excitation field. The mechanical vibrations of the magnetostrictive magnetoelastic material launch, in turn, a magnetic field by which the sensor can be monitored. Magnetic field telemetry enables contact-less, remote-query operation that has enabled many practical uses of the sensor platform. This paper builds upon a review paper we published in Sensors in 2002 (Grimes, C.A.; et al. Sensors 2002, 2, 294–313), presenting a comprehensive review on the theory, operating principles, instrumentation and key applications of magnetoelastic sensing technology. PMID:22163768

Magneto electric effects in BaTiO3-CoFe2O4 bulk composites

Science.gov (United States)

Agarwal, Shivani; Caltun, O. F.; Sreenivas, K.

2012-11-01

Influence of a static magnetic field (HDC) on the hysteresis and remanence in the longitudinal and transverse magneto electric voltage coefficients (MEVC) observed in [BaTiO3]1-x-[CoFe2O4]x bulk composites are analyzed. Remanence in MEVC at zero bias (HDC=0) is stronger in the transverse configuration over the longitudinal case. The observed hysteretic behavior in MEVC vs. HDC is correlated with the changes observed in the magnetostriction characteristics (λ and dλ/dH) reported for [BaTiO3]1-x-[CoFe2O4]x bulk composites.

The effect of Nb and Zr addition on the microstructural features and magnetic properties of Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.95

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Palit, Mithun; Arout Chelvane, J.; Basumatary, Himalay; Pandian, S.; Chandrasekaran, V.

2009-01-01

Alloys of Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 1.95-x Nb x and Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 1.95-x Zr x , with x = 0-0.075, were prepared by conventional melting and casting under vacuum. The magnetostriction improved remarkably with the individual addition of Nb and Zr. It is seen from the microstructural features that Nb addition results in the formation of NbFe 2 as the primary phase while Zr addition results in the depletion of (Tb,Dy)Fe 3 phase owing to the substitution of Zr for rare earths in the main phase

Theory, Instrumentation and Applications of Magnetoelastic Resonance Sensors: A Review

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Craig A. Grimes

2011-03-01

Full Text Available Thick-film magnetoelastic sensors vibrate mechanically in response to a time varying magnetic excitation field. The mechanical vibrations of the magnetostrictive magnetoelastic material launch, in turn, a magnetic field by which the sensor can be monitored. Magnetic field telemetry enables contact-less, remote-query operation that has enabled many practical uses of the sensor platform. This paper builds upon a review paper we published in Sensors in 2002 (Grimes, C.A.; et al. Sensors 2002, 2, 294-313, presenting a comprehensive review on the theory, operating principles, instrumentation and key applications of magnetoelastic sensing technology.

Effect of pressure on the metamagnetic transition of DyB6 single crystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Sakai, T.; Oomi, G.; Uwatoko, Y.; Kunii, S.

2007-01-01

The effects of pressure on the magnetization (M) and the magnetostriction (MS) for DyB 6 single crystal have been measured at 4.2 K. It is found that the M loops are insensitive to pressure, whereas the large MS with magnitude of 0.5% at 5 T at ambient pressure is rapidly suppressed by applying pressure. The metamagnetic transition field H M in the M curve increases slightly by applying pressure with the rate of increase, ∂ ln H M /∂P, of 0.03 GPa -1 , which is almost the same value as that for T N , 0.04 GPa -1

Sponatneous magnetostriction of Ce.sub.2./sub.Fe.sub.17./sub..

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Andreev, Alexander V.; Lindbaum, A.

2000-01-01

Roč. 297, - (2000), s. 43-45 ISSN 0925-8388 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA106/99/0183; GA MŠk ME 215 Grant - others:Austrian Sci Foundation FWF(AT) P-11581-PHY Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z1010914 Subject RIV: BM - Solid Matter Physics ; Magnetism Impact factor: 0.845, year: 2000

Irreversibility in room temperature current–voltage characteristics of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles: A signature of electrical memory effect

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dey, P., E-mail: pujaiitkgp2007@gmail.com [Department of Physics, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, W.B. 713340 (India); Debnath, Rajesh; Singh, Swati; Mandal, S.K. [Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046 (India); Roy, J.N. [Department of Physics, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol, W.B. 713340 (India); Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Agartala, Tripura 799046 (India)

2017-01-01

Room temperature I–V characteristics study, both in presence and absence of magnetic field (1800 Oe), has been performed on NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles, having different particle size (φ~14, 21 and 31 nm). Our experiments on these nanoparticles provide evidences for: (1) electrical irreversibility or hysteretic behaviour; (2) positive magnetoresistance and (3) magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility or hysteresis in the sample. “Hysteretic” nature of I–V curve reveals the existence of electrical memory effect in the sample. Significantly, such hysteresis has been found to be tuned by magnetic field. In order to explain the observed electrical irreversibility, we have proposed a phenomenological model on the light of induced polarization in the sample. Both the positive magnetoresistance and the observed magnetic field dependence of electrical irreversibility have been explained through magnetostriction phenomenon. Interestingly, such effects are found to get reduced with increasing particle size. For NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles having φ=31 nm, we did not observe any irreversibility effect. This feature has been attributed to the enhanced grain surface effect that in turn gives rise to the residual polarization and hence electrical memory effect in NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles, having small nanoscopic particle size. - Highlights: • I-V characteristics study of NiFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nanoparticles with varying particle sizes. • Experiments evident electrical hysteretic behaviour, i.e., electrical memory effect. • Magnetic field dependent electrical irreversibility is due to magnetostriction. • A phenomenological model has been proposed on the light of induced polarization. • Such electrical irreversibility decreases with increasing particle sizes.

Phase transformations im smart materials

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Newnham, R.E.

1998-01-01

One of the qualities that distinguishes living systems from inanimate matter is the ability to adapt to changes in the environment. Smart materials have the ability to perform both sensing and actuating functions and are, therefore, capable of imitating this rudimentary aspect of life. Four of the most widely used smart materials are piezoelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 , electrostrictive Pb(Mg, Nb)O 3 , magnetostrictive (Tb, Dy)Fe 2 and the shape-memory alloy NiTi. All four are ferroic with active domain walls and two phase transformations, which help to tune the properties of these actuator materials. Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 is a ferroelectric ceramic which is cubic at high temperature and becomes ferroelectric on cooling through the Curie temperature. At room temperature, it is poised on a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary which enhances the piezoelectric coefficients. Terfenol, (Tb, Dy)Fe 2 , is also cubic at high temperature and then becomes magnetic on cooling through its Curie temperature. At room temperature, it too is poised on a rhombohedral-tetragonal transition which enhances its magnetostriction coefficients. Pb(Mg, Nb)O 3 and nitinol (NiTi) are also cubic at high temperatures and on annealing transform to a partially ordered state. On further cooling, Pb(Mg, Nb)O 3 passes through a diffuse phase transformation at room temperature where it exhibits very large dielectric and electrostrictive coefficients. Just below room temperature, it transforms to a ferroelectric rhombohedral phase. The partially ordered shape-memory alloy NiTi undergoes an austenitic (cubic) to martensitic (mono-clinic) phase change just above room temperature. It is easily deformed in the martensitic state but recovers its original shape when reheated to austenite

Mejora de las características de los sensores magnéticos de piezoeléctrico y material ferromagnético

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prieto, J. L.

1999-12-01

Full Text Available In this work we describe a new fabrication method for magnetostrictive-piezoelectric sensors that improve several characteristics. The mechanical coupling between the ferromagnetic and the piezoelectric has been optimised by means of a mixed method: electrolytic deposition of a copper layer, playing the role of polished interface, and sputtering deposition of a highly magnetostrictive material on the interface. This method allows to remove the viscous fluid, improving the sensitivity, time stability and opening the possibility to industrial fabrication. The fabrication method opens also the possibility of miniaturisation or even integration of the sensor.

En este trabajo se describen varias mejoras al método de fabricación de sensores magnéticos de piezoeléctrico y material ferromagnético. Se ha mejorado el acoplo mecánico entre los dos materiales con un método combinado: deposición electrolítica de una capa de cobre que actuar. de adaptador para eliminar la rugosidad superficial del piezoeléctrico; pulido mecánico y electrolítico de la superficie de cobre y, por último, una deposición posterior de material ferromagnético de alta magnetostricción por Sputtering. Con este método se elimina el pegamento viscoso que une los dos materiales y por tanto, se mejora considerablemente el acoplo mecánico y con él la sensibilidad del sensor, la estabilidad con el tiempo y la repetibilidad en el proceso de fabricación. Se abre así una puerta a una futura integración de estos sensores y a una posible fabricación en serie.

Guided wave technology for in-service inspection and online monitoring for long term operation of nuclear power plants

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bertoncini, Francesco; Raugi, Marco; Cappelli, Mauro; Cordella, Francesco; Mazzini, Davide

2015-01-01

In-Service Inspection (ISI) and monitoring of all equipment (Systems, Structures and Components, SSCs) of a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP), are actions aimed at preventing failures both for economical and safety purposes. SSCs ageing due to stresses such as corrosion, load variations, flow conditions, temperature and neutron irradiation can be a potential limit for NPP life extension or operation beyond their license term (Long Term Operation. LTO). ISI has a main role on the actual possibility of LTO assuring the required safety. Guided Waves are structure-borne ultrasonic waves that propagate along the structure confined and guided by its geometric boundaries. Guided Wave Testing can find defect locations through long-range screening using low-frequency waves (from 5 to 250 kHz). The technology is regularly used for pipe testing in the oil and gas industry. In the nuclear industry, regulators are working to standardize monitoring and inspection procedures. To use the technology inside an active plant, operators must solve issues like high temperatures (up to more than 300degC inside a light-water reactor's primary piping), high wall thickness of components in the primary circuit and characteristic defect typologies. Magnetostrictive sensors are expected to overcome such issues due to their physical properties, namely robust constitution and simplicity. Recent experimental results have demonstrated magnetostrictive transducers can withstand temperatures close to 300degC. In this paper, new experimental tests conducted using such a methodology will be described and open issues related to high temperature guided wave applications (e.g. wave velocity or amplitude fluctuations during propagation in variable temperature components) will be discussed. (author)

Computational alloy design of (Co1-xNix)88Zr7B4Cu1 nanocomposite soft magnets

Science.gov (United States)

Dong, B.; Healy, J.; Lan, S.; Daniil, M.; Willard, M. A.

2018-05-01

The dependence of coercivity on composition is an important factor for establishing optimized soft magnetic properties. In this study, we have used the random anisotropy and coherent rotation models to estimate the variation of coercivity with composition in (Co1-xNix)88Zr7B4Cu1 nanocomposite alloys. Our calculations that the magnetoelastic anisotropy contribution to coercivity dominates for Ni rich compositions (x > 0.5). A small range of compositions (0.65 < x < 0.75) is predicted to result in low values of coercivity (<10 A/m). To validate this prediction, (Co1-xNix)88Zr7B4Cu1 nanocomposites in this range were prepared by melt spinning followed by 3600 s isothermal annealing at the primary crystallization peak temperature (˜673 K). Hysteresis loops were measured using vibrating sample magnetometry at room temperature and saturation magnetostriction was measured using a strain gage based magnetostrictometer. Moderately small coercivities (30-40 A/m) and magnetostrictions (3-4 ppm) were measured at for samples with 0.685 < x < 0.725. Our measured coercivity had a minimum value of 32 A/m at x = 0.725, a shift in composition of about 5 at% in the direction of higher Ni content and without the anticipated low value of coercivity. Several reasons for the inaccuracy of this approach are described, including: ignored contributions from amorphous phase (especially in magnetoealstic anisotropy), composition segregation during crystallization leading to unpredictable compositional shifts in prediction, and the general observation that the predictability of minimum coercivity from minimal combined anisotropies has unexplained deviation even in far less complicated materials.

Effect of pressure on the metamagnetic transition of DyB{sub 6} single crystal

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sakai, T. [Department of General Education, Ariake National College of Tecnology, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8585 (Japan)]. E-mail: sakai@ariake-nct.ac.jp; Oomi, G. [Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Ropponmatsu, Fukuoka 810-8560 (Japan); Uwatoko, Y. [Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581 (Japan); Kunii, S. [Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578 (Japan)

2007-03-15

The effects of pressure on the magnetization (M) and the magnetostriction (MS) for DyB{sub 6} single crystal have been measured at 4.2 K. It is found that the M loops are insensitive to pressure, whereas the large MS with magnitude of 0.5% at 5 T at ambient pressure is rapidly suppressed by applying pressure. The metamagnetic transition field H {sub M} in the M curve increases slightly by applying pressure with the rate of increase, {partial_derivative} ln H {sub M}/{partial_derivative}P, of 0.03 GPa{sup -1}, which is almost the same value as that for T {sub N}, 0.04 GPa{sup -1}.

Magnetoresistance of galfenol-based magnetic tunnel junction

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gobaut, B.; Vinai, G.; Castán-Guerrero, C.; Krizmancic, D.; Panaccione, G.; Torelli, P.; Rafaqat, H.; Roddaro, S.; Rossi, G.; Eddrief, M.; Marangolo, M.

2015-01-01

The manipulation of ferromagnetic layer magnetization via electrical pulse is driving an intense research due to the important applications that this result will have on memory devices and sensors. In this study we realized a magnetotunnel junction in which one layer is made of Galfenol (Fe 1-x Ga x ) which possesses one of the highest magnetostrictive coefficient known. The multilayer stack has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and e-beam evaporation. Optical lithography and physical etching have been combined to obtain 20x20 micron sized pillars. The obtained structures show tunneling conductivity across the junction and a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect of up to 11.5% in amplitude

A simple fluxgate magnetometer using amorphous alloys

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ghatak, S.K.; Mitra, A.

1992-01-01

A simple fluxgate magnetometer is developed using low magnetostrictive ferromagnetic amorphous alloy acting as a sensing element. It uses the fact that the magnetization of sensing element symmetrically magnetized by a sinusoidal field contains even harmonic components in presence of dc signal field H and the amplitude of the second harmonic component of magnetization is proportional to H. The sensitivity and linearity of the magnetometer with signal field are studied for parallel configuration and the field ranging from 10 nT to 10 μT can be measured. The functioning of the magnetometer is demonstrated by studying the shielding and flux-trapping phenomena in high-Tc superconductor. (orig.)

Magnetic anisotropy of Ni/Cr multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kang, S.; Xia, H.

1997-01-01

The magnetic anisotropy of Ni/Cr multilayers has been investigated by using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and ferromagnetic resonance techniques (FMR). The FMR spectra are obtained as a function of the orientation of the applied magnetic field from in-plane to out-of-plane. The results are fitted theoretically to determine the magnetic anisotropy. From VSM and FMR, a positive value for Ni/Cr interface anisotropy is obtained, which favours a perpendicular easy axis. The possible mechanism for the perpendicular anisotropy has been discussed and it may be attributed to the magnetostriction, caused by intrinsic stress due to lattice mismatch. (orig.). With 005 figs., 001 tabs

Mechanical properties of metallic ribbons investigated by depth sensing indentation technique

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Pesek, Ladislav; Dobrzanski, Leszek A.; Zubko, Pavol; Konieczny, Jaroslaw

2006-01-01

The paper presents mechanical properties of two kinds of Co-based and one Fe-based metallic ribbons by the depth sensing indentation (DSI) technique. Investigations were carried out on two kinds ternary alloy Co 77 Si 11,5 B 11,5 and Fe 78 Si 13 B 9 and multicomponent Co 68 Fe 4 Mo 1 Si 13,5 B 13,5 , which are so-called 'zero-magnetostriction' materials. Metallic ribbons were investigated in amorphous state and partially crystallized state after annealing in 400deg. C in argon atmosphere. Heating of ribbons obtained by melt spinning technique was performed to check its effect on changes of mechanical properties

X-ray diffraction investigation of spin reorientation in SmFe2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gaviko, V.S.; Korolyov, A.V.; Mushnikov, N.V.

1996-01-01

Spontaneous magnetoelastic crystal lattice distortions in the spin reorientation region of high magnetostrictive SmFe 2 have been investigated by X-ray diffraction in the temperature range 80-300 K. Comparison of experimental shapes of X-ray diffraction lines with calculated shapes shows that, in the region of the spin reorientation transition, a mixture of left angle 110 right angle and left angle 111 right angle phases rather than the angular left angle uuw right angle -type phase is realized. The temperature dependence of the relative volume content of left angle 110 right angle and left angle 111 right angle phases is determined using least-squares fitting. (orig.)

Domain walls and exchange-interaction in Permalloy/Gd films

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ranchal, R; Aroca, C; Lopez, E

2008-01-01

In this work we study the exchange coupling in Permalloy (Py)/gadolinium (Gd) bilayers. The exchange-coupled Py/Gd system is very temperature dependent and moreover the magnetization process in the Py layer is mainly due to domain wall (DW) displacements which are strongly controlled by pinning effects. We propose that this pinning could be caused by magnetostatic and exchange interactions between Py DWs and the magnetostrictive Gd layer. These effects mask the antiferromagnetic coupling between layers and, depending on temperature and Py thicknesses, apparent ferromagnetic coupling occurs. The study has been performed in the 80-300 K temperature range for different Py layer thicknesses and different Py induced anisotropies

Experience with the instrumentation tests in large sodium test facilities

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lauhoff, Th.; Ruppert, E.; Stehle, H.; Vinzens, K.

1976-01-01

A facility is described for fast breeder core components (AKB) to test specially instrumented fuel dummies and blanket elements, and also absorber elements under simulated normal and extreme reactor conditions. In addition to endurance testing of a special sodium and high temperature sub-assembly, instrumentation is provided to investigate thermohydraulic and vibrational behaviour of core elements. During tests of > 3000 h at temperatures above 820 K the main sub-assembly characteristics, e.g. pressure drop, leakage flow, vibration and noise spectra can be reproduced. The use of eddy current flow meters, strain gauges, magnetostrictive noise sensors, pressure transducers, thermocouples, and acoustic surveillance devices, are described. (U.K.)

Amorphous Terfenol-D films using nanosecond pulsed laser deposition

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Ma, James; O'Brien, Daniel T.; Kovar, Desiderio

2009-01-01

Thin films of Terfenol-D were produced by nanosecond pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at two fluences. Electron dispersive spectroscopy conducted using scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes showed that the film compositions were similar to that of the PLD target. Contrary to previous assertions that suggested that nanosecond PLD results in crystalline films, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the films produced at both fluences were amorphous. Splatters present on the film had similar compositions to the overall film and were also amorphous. Magnetic measurements showed that the films had high saturation magnetization and magnetostriction, similar to high quality films produced using other physical vapor deposition methods.

Influence of tensile stress and frequency on the longitudinal magnetic hysteresis of amorphous wires

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Torres, Carlos; Maria Munoz, Jose; Hernandez-Gomez, Pablo; Francisco, Carlos de

2010-01-01

This work studies the longitudinal magnetic hysteresis of amorphous wires with different Fe or Co compositions through an external magnetic field in the axial direction. Measurements have been carried out with the help of a digitally processed system in the 50 Hz-1 kHz frequency range. In addition, the influence of different tensile stresses has been also analyzed. The results show that both parameters change considerably the magnetic hysteresis of the wires but in a different way depending on their composition. This behaviour has been interpreted in terms of the different domain distribution associated with the opposite sign of the magnetostriction for Fe and Co-based wires, respectively.

Resistive switching via the converse magnetoelectric effect in ferromagnetic multilayers on ferroelectric substrates.

Science.gov (United States)

Pertsev, N A; Kohlstedt, H

2010-11-26

A voltage-controlled resistive switching is predicted for ferromagnetic multilayers and spin valves mechanically coupled to a ferroelectric substrate. The switching between low- and high-resistance states results from the strain-driven magnetization reorientations by about 90°, which are shown to occur in ferromagnetic layers with a high magnetostriction and weak cubic magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Such reorientations, not requiring external magnetic fields, can be realized experimentally by applying moderate electric field to a thick substrate (bulk or membrane type) made of a relaxor ferroelectric having ultrahigh piezoelectric coefficients. The proposed multiferroic hybrids exhibiting giant magnetoresistance may be employed as electric-write nonvolatile magnetic memory cells with nondestructive readout.

Micromachined silicon cantilevers with integrated high-frequency magnetoimpedance sensors for simultaneous strain and magnetic field detection

Science.gov (United States)

Buettel, G.; Joppich, J.; Hartmann, U.

2017-12-01

Giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) measurements in the high-frequency regime utilizing a coplanar waveguide with an integrated Permalloy multilayer and micromachined on a silicon cantilever are reported. The fabrication process is described in detail. The aspect ratio of the magnetic multilayer in the magnetoresistive and magnetostrictive device was varied. Tensile strain and compressive strain were applied. Vector network analyzer measurements in the range from the skin effect to ferromagnetic resonance confirm the technological potential of GMI-based micro-electro-mechanical devices for strain and magnetic field sensing applications. The strain-impedance gauge factor was quantified by finite element strain calculations and reaches a maximum value of almost 200.

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on magnetic phase transitions and magnetization in gadolinium monocrystal

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Nikitin, S.A.; Bezdushnyj, R.V.

1989-01-01

Effect of hydrostatic pressure on magnetization in gadolinium monocrystal (Δσ-effect) was investigated. Dependences of spesific magnetization, Δσ-effect and bulk magnetostriction of gadolinium monocrystal on temperatures were studied. Results of conducted investigation have shown that in gadolinium the change of specific magnetization under the hydrostatic pressure effect is caused in general case by three effects: a)change of spontaneous magnetization under the effect of hydrostatic pressure; b)change of magnetization within technical magnetization range due to the effect of hydrostatic pressure on magnetic anisotropy constants; c)change of magnetization due to the effect of hydrostatic pressure on temperature of spin-reoriented transition

Irradiation Testing of Ultrasonic Transducers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Daw, J.; Rempe, J.; Palmer, J.; Tittmann, B.; Reinhardt, B.; Kohse, G.; Ramuhalli, P.; Montgomery, R.; Chien, H.T.; Villard, J.F.

2013-06-01

Ultrasonic technologies offer the potential for high accuracy and resolution in-pile measurement of numerous parameters, including geometry changes, temperature, crack initiation and growth, gas pressure and composition, and microstructural changes. Many Department of Energy-Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) programs are exploring the use of ultrasonic technologies to provide enhanced sensors for in-pile instrumentation during irradiation testing. For example, the ability of single, small diameter ultrasonic thermometers (UTs) to provide a temperature profile in candidate metallic and oxide fuel would provide much needed data for validating new fuel performance models. Other efforts include an ultrasonic technique to detect morphology changes (such as crack initiation and growth) and acoustic techniques to evaluate fission gas composition and pressure. These efforts are limited by the lack of existing knowledge of ultrasonic transducer material survivability under irradiation conditions. To address this need, the Pennsylvania State University (PSU) was awarded an Advanced Test Reactor National Scientific User Facility (ATR NSUF) project to evaluate promising magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducer performance in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Research Reactor (MITR) up to a fast fluence of at least 10 21 n/cm 2 (E> 0.1 MeV). This test will be an instrumented lead test; and real-time transducer performance data will be collected along with temperature and neutron and gamma flux data. By characterizing magnetostrictive and piezoelectric transducer survivability during irradiation, test results will enable the development of novel radiation tolerant ultrasonic sensors for use in Material and Test Reactors (MTRs). The current work bridges the gap between proven out-of-pile ultrasonic techniques and in-pile deployment of ultrasonic sensors by acquiring the data necessary to demonstrate the performance of ultrasonic transducers. (authors)

Temperature dependence of magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction: Beyond the mean-field theory

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Millev, Y.; Faehnle, M.

1994-05-01

The first nonvanishing magnetic anisotropy coefficient is calculated as a function of temperature for any spin quantum number and all temperatures below the Curie temperature for the case of face-centred cubic symmetry within the random-phase approximation (RPA). A detailed and instructive comparison between the mean-field and the RPA predictions is carried out. The RPA magnetization curves are also given for the first time for spins S>1/2. Most of the theoretical considerations are quite general as regard lattice type and even decoupling scheme and can thus be applied straightforwardly to other cases of interest. The progress reported here has been attained with the help of a new simplified and improved parametric approach and of a recent calculation of the average occupation number of magnons within the RPA. In particular, the new approach makes unnecessary the solving of integral equations so that the proposed procedure is especially simple and practically versatile in applications to any particular anisotropic material. (author). Refs, 6 figs

Characterization of Bending Magnetostriction in Iron-Gallium Alloys for Nanowire Sensor Applications

Science.gov (United States)

2008-01-01

10], hydrodynamic imaging via the lateral lines of fish [29, 28, 19, 162] for tracking obstacles and prey, and acoustic transduction in the cochlea...cleanliness of the chamber, the contamination of the surface, and the beam parameters, but typically within a few minutes a blob of glue will form at the...Enigmatic lateral line system. In A. N. Popper, editor, Comparative Hearing. Fish and Amphibians. Springer, New York, 1999. [30] J. R. Cullen, A. E. Clark, M

Magnetoresistance of galfenol-based magnetic tunnel junction

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gobaut, B., E-mail: benoit.gobaut@elettra.eu [Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste (Italy); Vinai, G.; Castán-Guerrero, C.; Krizmancic, D.; Panaccione, G.; Torelli, P. [Laboratorio TASC, IOM-CNR, S.S. 14km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste (Italy); Rafaqat, H. [Laboratorio TASC, IOM-CNR, S.S. 14km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste (Italy); ICTP, Trieste (Italy); Roddaro, S. [Laboratorio TASC, IOM-CNR, S.S. 14km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste (Italy); NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza S. Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa (Italy); Rossi, G. [Laboratorio TASC, IOM-CNR, S.S. 14km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste (Italy); Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano (Italy); Eddrief, M.; Marangolo, M. [Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Paris 06, CNRS-UMR 7588, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, 75005, Paris (France)

2015-12-15

The manipulation of ferromagnetic layer magnetization via electrical pulse is driving an intense research due to the important applications that this result will have on memory devices and sensors. In this study we realized a magnetotunnel junction in which one layer is made of Galfenol (Fe{sub 1-x}Ga{sub x}) which possesses one of the highest magnetostrictive coefficient known. The multilayer stack has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy and e-beam evaporation. Optical lithography and physical etching have been combined to obtain 20x20 micron sized pillars. The obtained structures show tunneling conductivity across the junction and a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect of up to 11.5% in amplitude.

Permeability log using new lifetime measurements

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dowling, D.J.; Boyd, J.F.; Fuchs, J.A.

1975-01-01

Comparative measurements of thermal neutron decay time are obtained for a formation after irradiation with a pulsed neutron source. Chloride ions in formation fluids are concentrated by the electrosmosis effect using charged poles on a well logging sonde. The formation is irradiated with fast neutrons and a first comparative measure of the thermal neutron decay time or neutron lifetime is taken. The chloride ions are then dispersed by acoustic pumping with a magnetostrictive transducer. The formation is then again irradiated with fast neutrons and a comparative measure of neutron lifetime is taken. The comparison is a function of the variation in chloride concentration between the two measurements which is related to formation permeability

Temperature- and pressure-induced lattice distortion in CdCr2-xGaxSe4 (x = 0, 0.06, and 0.12)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Waskowska, A.; Gerward, Leif; Olsen, J.S.

2002-01-01

Structural changes in the cubic spinels CdCr2-xGaxSe4 have been studied by means of single-crystal x-ray diffraction at low temperature and energy-dispersive diffraction in a diamond-anvil cell at high pressure. In stoichiometric samples (x = 0), a spontaneous magnetostriction reduces the thermal...... expansion coefficient from 6.7 x 10(-6) K-1 in the paramagnetic phase to 2.2 x 10(-6) K-1 in the ferromagnetic phase (T-C = 130 K). In the samples with Ga3+ admixtures (x = 0.06 and 0.12), a slight structural distortion causes an order-disorder-type phase transition at T-d approximate to 285 K connected...

Controlled self-assembly of multiferroic core-shell nanoparticles exhibiting strong magneto-electric effects

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Sreenivasulu, Gollapudi; Hamilton, Sean L.; Lehto, Piper R.; Srinivasan, Gopalan, E-mail: srinivas@oakland.edu [Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401 (United States); Popov, Maksym [Physics Department, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401 (United States); Radiophysics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601 (Ukraine); Chavez, Ferman A. [Chemistry Department, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309-4401 (United States)

2014-02-03

Ferromagnetic-ferroelectric composites show strain mediated coupling between the magnetic and electric sub-systems due to magnetostriction and piezoelectric effects associated with the ferroic phases. We have synthesized core-shell multiferroic nano-composites by functionalizing 10–100 nm barium titanate and nickel ferrite nanoparticles with complementary coupling groups and allowing them to self-assemble in the presence of a catalyst. The core-shell structure was confirmed by electron microscopy and magnetic force microscopy. Evidence for strong strain mediated magneto-electric coupling was obtained by static magnetic field induced variations in the permittivity over 16–18 GHz and polarization and by electric field induced by low-frequency ac magnetic fields.

Nanostructure and magnetization reversal process in TbFeCo/Yx(FeCo)1-x spring-magnet type multilayers

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Duc, N.H.; Huong Giang, D.T.; Chau, N.

2004-01-01

Studies of the naturally formed nanostructure and magnetization reversal process were performed for the sputtered Tb(Fe 0.55 Co 0.45 ) 1.5 /Y x (Fe 0.7 Co 0.3 ) 1-x multilayers (0≤x≤0.2) with a TbFeCo layer thickness t TbFeCo =12 nm and YFeCo layer thickness t YFeCo =10 nm. The structural investigations showed that nanocrystals are naturally formed and coexist within the amorphous matrix in Y 0.1 (FeCo) 0.9 layers. In this state, low magnetic coercivity and large parallel magnetostrictive susceptibility are observed. The results are discussed in terms of the crystalline discontinuity of the soft YFeCo layers

The thermal expansion of austenitic manganese and manganese-chromium steels

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Richter, F.

1977-01-01

The linear coefficient of thermal expansion was determined by dilatometer for 5 Mn steels and 6 Mn-Cr steels between -196 and +500 0 C. Because of the antiferromagnetic properties, the thermal expansion of austenitic Mn and Mn-Cr steels is determined by the position of the magnetic changeover temperature (Neel temperature), which depends on the chemical composition of the steel. Below the Neel temperature, the thermal coefficient of expansion is greatly reduced by volumetric magnetostriction (Invar effect). For this reason, one can only give approximate values for thermal expansion for all Mn and Mn-Cr steels in the temperature range of -100 0 C to about +100 0 C. (GSC) [de

Display of a proton-proton interaction as seen in the streamer chamber of NA5

CERN Multimedia

CERN PhotoLab

1979-01-01

This experiment was performed by the Bari-Cracow-Liverpool-Munich (MPI)-Nijmegen Collaboration using the unseparated H2 beam in the EHN1 hall. The setup consisted of a three-gap streamer chamber (2x1.4x0.72 m3) inside a superconducting vertex magnet, large magnetostrictive spark chambers, proportional chambers and beam defining counters. A large acceptance electron and hadron calorimeter completed the setup. Particles from beam interactions on a target, 36.5 cm long, 2 cm in diameter (for liquid hydrogen) located inside the chamber at its entrance were photographed. Multiplicities, rapidity distributions, and correlations were studied for interactions with a large value for the sum of the transverse momenta.

Multimode delta-E effect magnetic field sensors with adapted electrodes

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Zabel, Sebastian; Fichtner, Simon; Kirchhof, Christine; Quandt, Eckhard; Faupel, Franz, E-mail: ff@tf.uni-kiel.de [Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Materials Science, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel (Germany); Reermann, Jens; Schmidt, Gerhard [Faculty of Engineering, Institute for Electrical Engineering, Kiel University, Kaiserstraße 2, 24143 Kiel (Germany); Wagner, Bernhard [Fraunhofer Institute for Silicon Technology ISIT, Fraunhoferstraße 1, 25524 Itzehoe (Germany)

2016-05-30

We present an analytical and experimental study on low-noise piezoelectric thin film resonators that utilize the delta-E effect of a magnetostrictive layer to measure magnetic fields at low frequencies. Calculations from a physical model of the electromechanical resonator enable electrode designs to efficiently operate in the first and second transversal bending modes. As predicted by our calculations, the adapted electrode design improves the sensitivity by a factor of 6 and reduces the dynamic range of the sensor output by 16 dB, which significantly eases the requirements on readout electronics. Magnetic measurements show a bandwidth of 100 Hz at a noise level of about 100 pTHz{sup −0.5}.

An FBG Optical Approach to Thermal Expansion Measurements under Hydrostatic Pressure.

Science.gov (United States)

Rosa, Priscila F S; Thomas, Sean M; Balakirev, Fedor F; Betts, Jon; Seo, Soonbeom; Bauer, Eric D; Thompson, Joe D; Jaime, Marcelo

2017-11-04

We report on an optical technique for measuring thermal expansion and magnetostriction at cryogenic temperatures and under applied hydrostatic pressures of 2.0 GPa. Optical fiber Bragg gratings inside a clamp-type pressure chamber are used to measure the strain in a millimeter-sized sample of CeRhIn₅. We describe the simultaneous measurement of two Bragg gratings in a single optical fiber using an optical sensing instrument capable of resolving changes in length [dL/L = (L- L₀)/L₀] on the order of 10 -7 . Our results demonstrate the possibility of performing high-resolution thermal expansion measurements under hydrostatic pressure, a capability previously hindered by the small working volumes typical of pressure cells.

Ultrasonic filtration of industrial chemical solutions

Science.gov (United States)

Cosma, T.

1974-01-01

The practical results obtained as a result of filtering industrial chemical solutions under continuous flow conditions with the aid of an ultrasonic filter are presented. The main part of the assembly consists of an ultrasonic generator with an output power of about 400 W and the filtration assembly, in which there is a magnetostrictive amplifier constructed for 20.5 kHz. In addition to ensuring a continuous flow of filtered solution, ultrasonic filters can be replaced or cleaned at intervals of time that are 8-10 times greater than in the case of mechanical filters. They yield considerably better results as far as the size of the filtered particles is concerned. The parameters on which filtration quality depends are also presented.

Development of an Optical Sensor Head for Current and Temperature Measurements in Power Systems

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Fábio V. B. de Nazaré

2013-01-01

Full Text Available The development of a current and temperature monitoring optical device intended to be used in high-voltage environments, particularly transmission lines, is presented. The system is intended to offer not only measurement reliability, but to be also practical and light weighted. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs are employed in the measurement of both physical parameters: the current will be acquired using a hybrid sensor head setup—an FBG fixed on a magnetostrictive rod—while a single-point temperature information is provided by a dedicated grating. An inexpensive and outdoor-suitable demodulation method, such as the fixed filter technique, should be used in order to improve the instrumentation robustness, avoiding expensive and complex auxiliary electronics. The preliminary results for laboratory tests are also discussed.

Thickness dependence of magnetoelectric response for composites of Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} films on CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ceramic substrates

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Wang, Jing, E-mail: wang-jing@nuaa.edu.cn; Zhu, Kongjun [State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, College of Aerospace Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016 (China); Wu, Xia; Deng, Chaoyong [School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025 (China); Peng, Renci; Wang, Jianjun [School of Materials Science and Engineering, and State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 (China)

2014-08-15

Using chemical solution spin-coating we grew Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} films of different thicknesses on highly dense CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} ceramics. X-ray diffraction revealed no other phases except Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} and CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. In many of these samples we observed typical ferroelectric hysteresis loops, butterfly-shaped piezoelectric strains, and the magnetic-field-dependent magnetostriction. These behaviors caused appreciable magnetoelectric responses based on magnetic-mechanical-electric coupling. Our results indicated that the thickness of the Pb(Zr{sub 0.52}Ti{sub 0.48})O{sub 3} film was important in obtaining strong magnetoelectric coupling.

Piezoelectric and Magnetoelectric Thick Films for Fabricating Power Sources in Wireless Sensor Nodes

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Jong-Jin Choi

2009-08-01

Full Text Available In this manuscript, we review the progress made in the synthesis of thick film-based piezoelectric and magnetoelectric structures for harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations and magnetic field. Piezoelectric compositions in the system Pb(Zr,TiO3–Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3O3 (PZNT have shown promise for providing enhanced efficiency due to higher energy density and thus form the base of transducers designed for capturing the mechanical energy. Laminate structures of PZNT with magnetostrictive ferrite materials provide large magnitudes of magnetoelectric coupling and are being targeted to capture the stray magnetic field energy. We analyze the models used to predict the performance of the energy harvesters and present a full system description.

Annealing effect on the performance of sputtering deposited Metglas thin films

KAUST Repository

Cai, Liang

2010-12-01

Magnetostrictive sensors based on ferromagnetic materials have been widely used in detecting chemicals and biological species. The Metglas™ 2826MB is one of the bulk strip materials that is employed as the sensor platform. However, the sensitivity is limited by the large size of the sensors itself. In order to improve the sensitivity, we have developed a process to fabricate microscale sensors of 500 × 100 μm in size using conventional MEMS technology. As-deposited, the sensors suffered from internal stress, which was released by a annealing the sensors at 215 °C for two hours under vacuum condition. The annealing process improved the magnetic properties of the thin films and increased the resonant frequency of the sensor by 214 kHz.

Synchronized Re-Entrant Flux Reversal of Multiple FeSiB Amorphous Wires Having the Larger Output

Science.gov (United States)

Takajo, Minoru; Yamasaki, Jiro

Technique to synchronize the re-entrant flux reversal of the multiple magnetostrictive Fe77.5Si7.5B15 amorphous wires was developed using a flux keeper of amorphous ribbons contacted to the wire ends. It is comprehended that the characteristics of the re-entrant flux takes place respectively at almost the same time in the three Fe-Si-B amorphous wires with a diameter of 65, 95μm. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the strong magnetic coupling of wires and amorphous ribbon by stray field from the each wire ends. As a result, the magnitude of the induced voltage in the sense coil is increased in proportion to the multiplication of the number of the wires.

Tricritical point of a ferromagnetic transition in UGe2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kabeya, N; Iijima, R; Osaki, E; Ban, S; Imura, K; Deguchi, K; Sato, N K; Aso, N; Homma, Y; Shiokawa, Y

2010-01-01

Thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements of the superconducting ferromagnet UGe 2 under pressure were carried out. The temperature dependence of the thermal expansion coefficient shows a peak at the Curie temperature. When pressure is varied, the peak exhibits a maximum in the vicinity of a tricritical point (TCP), which separates the second-order phase transition from the first-order transition. From results of these measurements, we first construct the magnetic phase diagram including the TCP (P TCP ∼ 12.5 kbar). We also show that two lines characterizing the metamagnetism and the magnetic susceptibility emerge from the TCP. We argue that these magnetic properties in the vicinity of the TCP can be understood within a phenomenological frame of spin fluctuations.

Annealing effect on the performance of sputtering deposited Metglas thin films

KAUST Repository

Cai, Liang; Hu, Jing; Prorok, Barton C.; Gooneratne, Chinthaka Pasan; Kosel, Jü rgen

2010-01-01

Magnetostrictive sensors based on ferromagnetic materials have been widely used in detecting chemicals and biological species. The Metglas™ 2826MB is one of the bulk strip materials that is employed as the sensor platform. However, the sensitivity is limited by the large size of the sensors itself. In order to improve the sensitivity, we have developed a process to fabricate microscale sensors of 500 × 100 μm in size using conventional MEMS technology. As-deposited, the sensors suffered from internal stress, which was released by a annealing the sensors at 215 °C for two hours under vacuum condition. The annealing process improved the magnetic properties of the thin films and increased the resonant frequency of the sensor by 214 kHz.

Electric-field tunable spin diode FMR in patterned PMN-PT/NiFe structures

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Ziętek, Slawomir, E-mail: zietek@agh.edu.pl; Skowroński, Witold; Stobiecki, Tomasz [AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków (Poland); Ogrodnik, Piotr, E-mail: piotrogr@if.pw.edu.pl [AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków (Poland); Faculty of Physics, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warszawa (Poland); Stobiecki, Feliks [Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań (Poland); Dijken, Sebastiaan van [NanoSpin, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto (Finland); Barnaś, Józef [Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań (Poland); Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań (Poland)

2016-08-15

Dynamic properties of NiFe thin films on PMN-PT piezoelectric substrate are investigated using the spin-diode method. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectra of microstrips with varying width are measured as a function of magnetic field and frequency. The FMR frequency is shown to depend on the electric field applied across the substrate, which induces strain in the NiFe layer. Electric field tunability of up to 100 MHz per 1 kV/cm is achieved. An analytical model based on total energy minimization and the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, taking into account the magnetostriction effect, is used to explain the measured dynamics. Based on this model, conditions for optimal electric-field tunable spin diode FMR in patterned NiFe/PMN-PT structures are derived.

Influence of stresses and magnetostriction on the soft magnetic behavior of metallic films

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Chezan, AR; Craus, CB; Chechenin, NG; Vystavel, T; Niesen, L; De Hosson, JTM; Boerma, DO

Nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe-Zr-N films have been successfully deposited by DC magnetron reactive sputtering. For thick films (>200 nm), the compressive stress in the as-deposited films and the positive matgnetostriction produce perpendicular anisotropy. The magnitude of this effect is smaller

Magnetoelastic effects in La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3−x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} nanocrystalline perovskites

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Tabatabai Yazdi, Sh., E-mail: sh_tabatabai3@yahoo.com [Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91755-1436 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Iranmanesh, P. [Department of Physics, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 77139-36417 Rafsanjan (Iran, Islamic Republic of)

2014-09-01

La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3−x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} (x=0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) nanoparticles, prepared by sol–gel method, were studied by means of X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermal expansion and magnetostriction measurements. It was revealed that samples of low Ca concentration (x≤0.1) crystallize in rhombohedral perovskite structure with R-3c space group, and by increasing x, smaller Ca radius causes the lattice to convert to orthorhombic structure (space group of Pbnm). The results exhibit an anomalous behavior in the thermal expansion behavior of all samples, as well as temperature dependence of their volume magnetostriction being related to the presence of a conductive magnetic two-phase state at temperatures higher than T{sub C}. Moreover, the magnitude of this magnetovolume effect increases with x due to smaller Ca size, which softens the crystal lattice. The results show that Ca substitution results in weakening the double-exchange interaction and consequently reducing T{sub C}, as well as decreasing the magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, our nanocrystalline samples have a relatively lower T{sub C}, compared with the reported values for similar compounds with larger particle size. Among them, the sample with x=0.2 possess T{sub C} value of about room temperature; to say by partial substitution of Ca for Sr we succeeded in adjusting the transition temperature of this series of manganites which was a main motivation for this research. - Highlights: • Magnetoelastic properties of La{sub 0.7}Sr{sub 0.3−x}Ca{sub x}MnO{sub 3} nanocrystalline samples are investigated. • Substitution of Sr by Ca causes structure to convert from rhombohedral to orthorhombic perovskite. • Considerable magnetovolume anomalies are revealed due to presence of conductive MTPS above T{sub C}. • Ca softens the crystal lattice and intensifies the magnetovolume effects. • Ca reduces T{sub C} and magnetic anisotropy of compounds by weakening DE interactions.

Equivalent Circuit Model of Low-Frequency Magnetoelectric Effect in Disk-Type Terfenol-D/PZT Laminate Composites Considering a New Interface Coupling Factor.

Science.gov (United States)

Lou, Guofeng; Yu, Xinjie; Lu, Shihua

2017-06-15

This paper describes the modeling of magnetoelectric (ME) effects for disk-type Terfenol-D (Tb 0.3 Dy 0.7 Fe 1.92 )/PZT (Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃) laminate composite at low frequency by combining the advantages of the static elastic model and the equivalent circuit model, aiming at providing a guidance for the design and fabrication of the sensors based on magnetoelectric laminate composite. Considering that the strains of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are not equal in actual operating due to the epoxy resin adhesive bonding condition, the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers were first modeled through the equation of motion separately, and then coupled together with a new interface coupling factor k c , which physically reflects the strain transfer between the phases. Furthermore, a theoretical expression containing k c for the transverse ME voltage coefficient α v and the optimum thickness ratio n optim to which the maximum ME voltage coefficient corresponds were derived from the modified equivalent circuit of ME laminate, where the interface coupling factor acted as an ideal transformer. To explore the influence of mechanical load on the interface coupling factor k c , two sets of weights, i.e., 100 g and 500 g, were placed on the top of the ME laminates with the same thickness ratio n in the sample fabrication. A total of 22 T-T mode disk-type ME laminate samples with different configurations were fabricated. The interface coupling factors determined from the measured α v and the DC bias magnetic field H bias were 0.11 for 500 g pre-mechanical load and 0.08 for 100 g pre-mechanical load. Furthermore, the measured optimum thickness ratios were 0.61 for k c = 0.11 and 0.56 for k c = 0.08. Both the theoretical ME voltage coefficient α v and optimum thickness ratio n optim containing k c agreed well with the measured data, verifying the reasonability and correctness for the introduction of k c in the modified equivalent circuit model.

Characterization and damage evaluation of advanced materials

Science.gov (United States)

Mitrovic, Milan

Mechanical characterization of advanced materials, namely magnetostrictive and graphite/epoxy composite materials, is studied in this dissertation, with an emphasis on damage evaluation of composite materials. Consequently, the work in this dissertation is divided into two parts, with the first part focusing on characterization of the magneto-elastic response of magnetostrictlve materials, while the second part of this dissertation describes methods for evaluating the fatigue damage in composite materials. The objective of the first part of this dissertation is to evaluate a nonlinear constitutive relation which more closely depict the magneto-elastic response of magnetostrictive materials. Correlation between experimental and theoretical values indicate that the model adequately predicts the nonlinear strain/field relations in specific regimes, and that the currently employed linear approaches are inappropriate for modeling the response of this material in a structure. The objective of the second part of this dissertation is to unravel the complexities associated with damage events associated with polymeric composite materials. The intent is to characterize and understand the influence of impact and fatigue induced damage on the residual thermo-mechanical properties and compressive strength of composite systems. The influence of fatigue generated matrix cracking and micro-delaminations on thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and compressive strength is investigated for woven graphite/epoxy composite system. Experimental results indicate that a strong correlation exists between TEC and compressive strength measurements, indicating that TEC measurements can be used as a damage metric for this material systems. The influence of delaminations on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a composite laminate is also investigated. Based on the changes of these parameters as a function of damage, a methodology for determining the size and location of damage is suggested

Equivalent Circuit Model of Low-Frequency Magnetoelectric Effect in Disk-Type Terfenol-D/PZT Laminate Composites Considering a New Interface Coupling Factor

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Guofeng Lou

2017-06-01

Full Text Available This paper describes the modeling of magnetoelectric (ME effects for disk-type Terfenol-D (Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.92/PZT (Pb(Zr,TiO3 laminate composite at low frequency by combining the advantages of the static elastic model and the equivalent circuit model, aiming at providing a guidance for the design and fabrication of the sensors based on magnetoelectric laminate composite. Considering that the strains of the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers are not equal in actual operating due to the epoxy resin adhesive bonding condition, the magnetostrictive and piezoelectric layers were first modeled through the equation of motion separately, and then coupled together with a new interface coupling factor kc, which physically reflects the strain transfer between the phases. Furthermore, a theoretical expression containing kc for the transverse ME voltage coefficient αv and the optimum thickness ratio noptim to which the maximum ME voltage coefficient corresponds were derived from the modified equivalent circuit of ME laminate, where the interface coupling factor acted as an ideal transformer. To explore the influence of mechanical load on the interface coupling factor kc, two sets of weights, i.e., 100 g and 500 g, were placed on the top of the ME laminates with the same thickness ratio n in the sample fabrication. A total of 22 T-T mode disk-type ME laminate samples with different configurations were fabricated. The interface coupling factors determined from the measured αv and the DC bias magnetic field Hbias were 0.11 for 500 g pre-mechanical load and 0.08 for 100 g pre-mechanical load. Furthermore, the measured optimum thickness ratios were 0.61 for kc = 0.11 and 0.56 for kc = 0.08. Both the theoretical ME voltage coefficient αv and optimum thickness ratio noptim containing kc agreed well with the measured data, verifying the reasonability and correctness for the introduction of kc in the modified equivalent circuit model.

Effect of pressure on thermal expansion of UNiGa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Honda, F.; Andreev, A.V.; Havela, L.; Prokes, K.; Sechovsky, V.

1997-01-01

The thermal expansion of single crystalline UNiGa has been measured along the crystallographic axes (a and c) under pressures up to 1.1 GPa. The linear thermal expansion both in the paramagnetic and antiferromagnetic ranges is strongly anisotropic. The antiferromagnetic ordering is accompanied by considerable (10 -4 ) linear spontaneous magnetostrictions (along the a- and c-axis) of different signs (-0.8 x 10 -4 and 1.8 x 10 -4 ). The mutual compensation of these two effects causes the volume effect to be rather small (∝10 -5 ). Two of the four magnetic phase transitions in UNiGa indicated by the expansion anomalies under ambient pressure are suppressed by pressures above 0.5 GPa. Results of our experiments allow to construct a pressure-temperature (p-T) magnetic phase diagram. (orig.)

High-Pressure Raman Scattering in the Layered Antiferromagnet NiPS_3

Science.gov (United States)

Rosenblum, S.; Merlin, R.; Francis, A. H.

1996-03-01

We report on two-magnon and vibrational Raman scattering from NiPS3 for pressures up to 30 GPa and temperatures between 110 and 300 K. NiPS3 is an S=1, two-dimensional antiferromagnet with TN = 150 K. It is the only known S=1 compound with a relative two-magnon linewidth comparable in magnitude to that of the parent compounds of the high temperature superconductors.(Rosenblum et al., Phys. Rev. B 49), 4352 (1994) In the cuprates, this anomalous linewidth is well described by phonon-magnon coupling.(Knoll et al.), Phys. Rev.B 42, 4842 (1990).^,(Nori et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75), 553 (1995). Here, we will look at the measured Grüneisen parameters of the vibrational and magnetic excitations and relate them to the magnetostrictive model.