Quelques remarques sur le nomadisme préhilalien au Maghreb (viiie-xie siècle)

OpenAIRE

Benhima, Yassir

2011-01-01

Cette étude propose un aperçu de l'histoire du nomadisme au Maghreb avant le début des migrations hilaliennes au milieu du xie siècle. Ce sujet demeure peu étudié en comparaison avec le nomadisme en Afrique du Nord à l'époque antique, dont la connaissance a connu récemment un grand développement. L'examen des sources arabes du haut Moyen Âge permet de constater la diversité des termes employés pour désigner les populations nomades et leur mode de vie. Les aspects résidentiels, territoriaux et...

Project Maghreb - Europe: Solar Production of Hydrogen. Phase I: Feasibility and opportunity study of the project; Projet Maghreb - Europe: Production d'hydrogene solaire. Phase I: Etude d'opportunite et de faisabilite du projet

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mahmah, Bouziane; Belhamel, Maiouf; Chader, Samira; M' Raoui, Abdelhamid; Harouadi, Farid; Etievant, Claude; Lechevalier, Steve; Cherigui, Abdel-Nasser

2007-07-01

During the 16th World Hydrogen Energy Conference which held on June 13-16, 2006, in Lyon (France), an important project appeared, the Maghreb-Europe Project for production and export of solar hydrogen, proposed in the Algiers Declaration of the hydrogen of origin renewable and directed by the researchers efforts of the Renewable Energies Development Center of Algiers (CDER) and members of the European company of Hydrogen Technologies (CETH). The present introductory communication exposes a scientific study on the appropriateness and the feasibility of the Project, as well as the objectives, missions and the fundamental elements for a scientific and technique accompaniment of this important project. (auth)

The genus Clubiona Latreille, 1904 (Araneae: Clubionidae) in the Maghreb, with notes on the genevensis group and new records from the Mediterranean Region.

Science.gov (United States)

Bosmans, Robert; Henrard, Arnaud; Benhalima, Souâd; Kherbouche-Abrous, Ourida

2017-11-22

A survey of the members of the genus Clubiona Latreille, 1904 in the Maghreb is presented. The presence of Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839, C. dinienis Simon, 1878, C. leucaspis Simon, 1932, C. phragmitis C. L. Koch 1843 and C. vegeta Simon, 1918 is confirmed. Clubiona pseudosimilis Mikhailov, 1990, from the eastern Mediterranean is new to Africa and Portugal. A specimen of C. neglecta O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862, cited from Morocco in the past, was misidentified and appears to be C. pseudoneglecta Wunderlich, 1994. The species is new to Algeria and Spain. Two new synonyms are revealed: Clubiona baborensis Denis, 1937 from Algeria = C. diniensis Simon, 1878 N. Syn. and Clubiona venusta Pavesi, 1880 from Tunisia = Selamia reticulata (Simon, 1870) N. Syn. Clubiona mandibularis Lucas, 1846 is considered a Nomen dubium. The comta group is redefined and the "genevensis subgroup" is elevated to species group, including two subgroups. A key and illustrations to the species of the genevensis group are presented and all the species occurring in the Maghreb are illustrated.

Boissevain Katia, Denieuil Pierre-Noël, (dir.), 2010, Socio-anthropologie de l’image au Maghreb. Nouveaux usages touristiques

OpenAIRE

Vaudour, Catherine

2017-01-01

Comme l’indiquent les sous-titres, cet ouvrage collectif comprend deux parties partageant une thématique transversale basée sur les « mémoire et représentation du patrimoine, image et communication sociale » (Denieuil, éditorial : p. 9). Dans l’introduction de la première partie, « Attraction touristique et religion au Maghreb. Quand la dimension religieuse devient “bonne à montrer” », Katia Boissevain en expose les enjeux, soulignant que « la situation touristique nous permet de reposer la q...

The Partido Popular and Spain’s Policy toward the Maghreb Region

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Irene Fernández Molina

2007-12-01

Full Text Available As an actor in Spain’s foreign policy toward the Maghreb region, in the years following its founding, the Partido Popular did not have a clear model to follow on the issue, as a result of which the party adopted the general lines of the Socialist party’s approach anddiscourse on the promotion of economic development and stability in the region. The initial continuism of José María Aznar’s governments in this field was also driven by an economicsinspired pragmatism. The turning point took place in the final stretch of Aznar’s secondterm of office, with the international repercussions from the september 11 attacks, the crisis with Morocco, Aznar’s increasing presidential style of government and the ideologisation of the government’s foreign policy. After losing power and moving over to the opposition, both the PP and its social environment experienced a certain bifurcation between the discourses of an eminently realist sector and another sector that was more influenced by US neo-conservatism.

Culex pipiens, an experimental efficient vector of West Nile and Rift Valley fever viruses in the Maghreb region.

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Fadila Amraoui

Full Text Available West Nile fever (WNF and Rift Valley fever (RVF are emerging diseases causing epidemics outside their natural range of distribution. West Nile virus (WNV circulates widely and harmlessly in the old world among birds as amplifying hosts, and horses and humans as accidental dead-end hosts. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV re-emerges periodically in Africa causing massive outbreaks. In the Maghreb, eco-climatic and entomologic conditions are favourable for WNV and RVFV emergence. Both viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes belonging to the Culex pipiens complex. We evaluated the ability of different populations of Cx. pipiens from North Africa to transmit WNV and the avirulent RVFV Clone 13 strain. Mosquitoes collected in Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia during the summer 2010 were experimentally infected with WNV and RVFV Clone 13 strain at titers of 10(7.8 and 10(8.5 plaque forming units/mL, respectively. Disseminated infection and transmission rates were estimated 14-21 days following the exposure to the infectious blood-meal. We show that 14 days after exposure to WNV, all mosquito st developed a high disseminated infection and were able to excrete infectious saliva. However, only 69.2% of mosquito strains developed a disseminated infection with RVFV Clone 13 strain, and among them, 77.8% were able to deliver virus through saliva. Thus, Cx. pipiens from the Maghreb are efficient experimental vectors to transmit WNV and to a lesser extent, RVFV Clone 13 strain. The epidemiologic importance of our findings should be considered in the light of other parameters related to mosquito ecology and biology.

Non conventional hydrocarbons in Maghreb - an announced ecocide

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Balvet, Jacqueline; Espagne, Vincent; Rondeleux, Nejma; Dupont, Stephane

2015-01-01

Whereas gas and oil companies did not succeed in the development of shale gas exploration and exploitation in Europe for different reasons (citizen mobilisation against these projects, resources much smaller than expected), these companies are looking in other directions, notably the Maghreb region (North Africa) which is an important hydrocarbon supplier for European countries. This publication proposes an overview of the situation in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia regarding this exploitation. It first recalls health and pollution impacts and consequences of hydraulic fracturing, and also the impact of hydrocarbon consumption on climate change. It indicates assessments made by the EIA of resources of shale gas and shale oil in the three countries, and outlines that these assessments might be too high as it has been the case in other countries. An overview of the situation of the three countries is then proposed, starting with Algeria: the third world shale gas reserve, presence of Total and GDF-Suez as investors with Sonatrach (the Algerian company) keeping a large majority, existence of a law which authorises the exploitation of non conventional hydrocarbons, and a very strong mobilisation of populations in the Algerian Sahara. The case of Morocco is then addressed: high dependence on imports but important non conventional reserves, exploitation of several sites, good conditions awarded to multinational companies, a focus on two important investors (Chevron and Repsol), start of a citizen mobilisation. The case of Tunisia is finally addressed: discovery of 'miraculous' deposits, overview of investors, a new but absolutely iniquitous legal framework, mobilisation of local associations

Al-Qaeda in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb

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Gregory A. Smith

2009-01-01

Full Text Available This paper is organized into four chapters that focus on the terrorist group Al Qaeda in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM. The four chapters examine different facets of the collective environment that have allowed AQIM to succeed and even thrive at times. The first chapter begins with Algeria’s war of independence with the French. The second chapter focuses on the nomadic Tuareg people. It seeks to show how the Tuaregs were deprived by French occupiers and how European colonization cost the Tuaregs access to vital trade routes used for centuries. The third chapter will very briefly examine Algeria’s civil war and the emergence of modern terrorist groups. The fourth chapter will discuss the post-9/11 world in terms of “shaping operations” for the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT and how this caused an evolution in terrorism as a reaction to actual or perceived American hegemonic ambitions.This paper is not a compendium of every event or in any way a complete history of the region. It is intended to reinforce the author’s notion of outlying antecedents that normally coalesce around a central issue and how the addition of a political agenda can lead these antecedents toward a fusion point. When the fusion point is met, ethno-nationalist ambitions are catapulted down the road of terrorism and the fundamental message is lost in the debris of another attack. Such is the story of AQIM…

Les mathématiques dans l'espace méditerranéen: l'exemple d'al-Andalus et du Maghreb

OpenAIRE

Djebbar, Ahmed

2016-01-01

International audience; Dans l'Histoire des activités mathématiques autour de la Méditerranée, l'espace constitué par le Maghreb et l'Andalus a joué un triple rôle : celui d'un conservatoire d'une partie des savoirs mathématiques préislamiques (particulièrement ceux de la Grèce et de l'Inde), celui d'un lieu de production de savoirs mathématiques nouveaux mais aussi d'enseignement et de publications d'ouvrages ; celui, enfin, d'un intermédiaire important dans la diffusion partielle, vers l'Eu...

Development of cross border gas transmission projects raise challenging issues. Case studies: The transmed and the Maghreb/Europe pipelines

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Khene, D.

1997-01-01

Development of cross border gas transmission projects raise complex and interdependent issues whose successful resolution require not only technical and management strengths but also a close cooperation between the key players involved in the game. In this paper we shall attempt to explain some of the major issues encountered during the appraisal and construction of long distance gas pipeline schemes. The information used derive essentially from the experience gained during the development of the Trans-mediterranean and the Maghreb/Europe pipelines. Running through the various issues we shall also identify and then discuss a number of factors which contributed to the successful implementation of these two projects. (au)

Long-Term Hydrocarbon Trade Options for the Maghreb Region and Europe—Renewable Energy Based Synthetic Fuels for a Net Zero Emissions World

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Mahdi Fasihi

2017-02-01

Full Text Available Concerns about climate change and increasing emission costs are drivers for new sources of fuels for Europe. Sustainable hydrocarbons can be produced synthetically by power-to-gas (PtG and power-to-liquids (PtL facilities, for sectors with low direct electrification such as aviation, heavy transportation and chemical industry. Hybrid PV–Wind power plants can harvest high solar and wind potentials of the Maghreb region to power these systems. This paper calculates the cost of these fuels for Europe, and presents a respective business case for the Maghreb region. Calculations are hourly resolved to find the least cost combination of technologies in a 0.45° × 0.45° spatial resolution. Results show that, for 7% weighted average cost of capital (WACC, renewable energy based synthetic natural gas (RE-SNG and RE-diesel can be produced in 2030 for a minimum cost of 76 €/MWhHHV (0.78 €/m3SNG and 88 €/MWhHHV (0.85 €/L, respectively. While in 2040, these production costs can drop to 66 €/MWhHHV (0.68 €/m3SNG and 83 €/MWhHHV (0.80 €/L, respectively. Considering access to a WACC of 5% in a de-risking project, oxygen sales and CO2 emissions costs, RE-diesel can reach fuel-parity at crude oil prices of 101 and 83 USD/bbl in 2030 and 2040, respectively. Thus, RE-synthetic fuels could be produced to answer fuel demand and remove environmental concerns in Europe at an affordable cost.

Pourquoi croire au modèle du développement territorial au Maghreb ? Une approche critique

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Kirsten Koop

2010-09-01

Full Text Available Depuis la décolonisation, plusieurs modèles de développement ont fait l’objet de transferts de la France vers les pays du Maghreb. La crise du développement industriel a ouvert la voie au développement local à partir des années 1980, et la puissance du mouvement de mondialisation a vu émerger le développement territorial. Depuis le début des années 2000, différents programmes de coopération ont été développés dans le domaine de l’aménagement sur cette thématique entre la France et le Maroc, puis la Tunisie, enfin l’Algérie.Le concept de territoire apparaît central dans les politiques françaises de développement, sa pertinence mérite d'être discutée dans les pays du Maghreb. Il pose en particulier la question de la décentralisation des politiques publiques, et de la capacité des acteurs locaux à participer à la mise en place de systèmes de gouvernance territoriale, deux conditions indispensables à la construction de ressources territoriales spécifiques.Since decolonisation, a succession of development models has been transferred from France towards North African countries. The failure of the industrial development approach on national level opened the way for local development in the late 1980’s, and the power of globalisation dynamics recently gave birth to the “territorial development” model. This new approach towards (economic development and local governance is actually transferred into regional planning practices of Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria on behalf of several French cooperation programs. We here question the relevance of the application of the concept of territory in these North African countries - a concept which turned out to be a central one in French regional planning politics. We particularly analyse the two preconditions for the revealing of specific territorial resources: the decentralisation processes of North African public policies and the capacity of local actors to participate at

De l’État légal à l’État de droit ? Le statut constitutionnel de la justice au Maghreb

OpenAIRE

Bras, Jean-Philippe

2016-01-01

Les trois pays du Maghreb central (Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie) ici considérés présentent la caractéristique commune d’une exposition particulière au « modèle » juridique français, à travers l’organisation de la justice pendant la période coloniale, puis lors de l’élaboration des Constitutions postindépendances, qui se sont inscrites dans les schèmes de la pensée constitutionnelle française, même pour s’en éloigner, le cas échéant. Il en résulta une forme de proximité dans la manière de considére...

From Gibraltar through Levant and from Maghreb through the Southern Latin European Countries or about culture and management in the Mediterranean Sea Region

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Amedeo ISTOCESCU

2010-06-01

Full Text Available Bordering the southern coast of Europe, the eastern part of the Middle East and northern Africa, representing the most appropriate environment for the development of cultural, social and economic of the maritime regions, influencing decisively the culture and the entire life of the inhabitants in a lot of bordering countries, ensuring the achievement of a natural maritime transportation way between eastern Levantine character and western pragmatism of our ancient continent, or between Maghreb, and the Latin world, especially in southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea has an another treasure, yet poorly known and only partially recovered, with a history of over six thousands of years, with people proud of their history, culture, customs and traditions with unique cities, impressive by the mixture of cultures and races, its islands

Document de base d'un nouveau projet régional : Réduction des émissions de polluants dans le secteur du transport dans trois pays du Maghreb (Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie)

OpenAIRE

Joumard , Robert; BOUGHEDAOUI , Ménouèr

2003-01-01

présenté lors du Forum régional sur les changements climatiques, Les pays du Maghreb face aux changements climatiques : bilan et perspectives (Algérie, Maroc, Tunisie), Marrakech, 27-28 mars 2003; Pour répondre à une demande croissante de la mobilité des personnes et des marchandises, le transport routier évolue rapidement alors que les infrastructures, la réglementation et plus généralement les politiques n'intègrent guère la problématique de réduction des gaz polluants et à effet de serre, ...

The Urban Heat Island phenomenon modelling and analysis as an adaptation of Maghreb cities to climate change

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Ouali Kaoutar

2018-01-01

Full Text Available The modeling of the urban microclimate, in particular the phenomenon of the Urban Heat Island (UHI, is becoming increasingly essential for city planning and urban design. The phenomenon analysis is henceforth possible thanks to the increase in computational power, the link between simulation tools and urban databases, which allow to represent explicitly the characteristics of the urban microclimate and to better understand its effects, through the analysis and evaluation of the different impacts of the urban climatic or anthropogenic contributors (urban morphology, land use, building sites, albedo, …. However, the choice of the scaleof the study depends on a balance between the precision of the modeling, the capacities of calculation and the availability and reliability of the data.The UHI phenomenon has been the subject of several research studies in the European countries since the 2000s. Thispaper focuses mainly on the description of the phenomenon, the different methodsused to evaluate and modeled its impacts, using some approaches for mitigating these ones.The contribution aims to highlight the phenomenon of the UHI based on a bibliographic study of the latest research on this topic in Maghreb cities.The state of art focuses on the progress made during the last 15 years taking into account the UHI in the different strategies for adapting cities to climate change and for improving their resilience.

Social factors associated with the knowledge about HIV of the immigrants from China, Latin America, the Maghreb and Senegal in the Basque Country (Spain).

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez-Álvarez, Elena; Lanborena, Nerea; Bacigalupe, Amaia; Martin, Unai

2013-02-01

The objective of this study was to identify the social factors that explain the differences in knowledge with regards to HIV/AIDS among immigrants in the Basque Country (Spain). We conducted a cross-sectional study based on information obtained in the Basque Health Survey for 754 immigrants from: 86 China, 368 Latin America, 237 the Maghreb and 74 Senegal. Odds ratios (95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression models to measure the degree of association between inadequate knowledge regarding transmission, prevention and places where HIV testing is offered, and the independent variables. We found that this inadequate knowledge is associated with place of birth, sex, a lower level of education, immigration status, difficulties in understanding Spanish, and not receiving advice about AIDS in primary care. These findings indicate that initiatives must be developed to promote equity in the provision of healthcare through clinical guidelines, including details of the specific needs of different groups of immigrants and considering gender issues.

Les théories des mouvements sociaux et la dialectique des niveaux : un cadre d’analyse pour l’étude des évolutions d’Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique

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Adib Bencherif

2013-10-01

Full Text Available Les théories des mouvements sociaux sont de plus en plus utilisées pour étudier les groupes terroristes. Elles comportent différents niveaux d’analyse: les niveaux macro-analytique, méso-analytique et micro-analytique. Le présent article tente d’adapter ce corpus théorique à l’étude du groupe jihadiste Al-Qaïda au Maghreb islamique (AQMI. En effet, au cours des dernières années, AQMI ne s’est pas développé au Maghreb alors que ses activités ont augmenté exponentiellement dans la région sahélienne, au point d’y développer un sanctuaire pour le groupe au nord du Mali. Le développement d’AQMI au Sahel est-il alors le résultat de choix stratégiques ou celui de dynamiques internes ? Pour expliquer le développement d’AQMI dans la région sahélo-saharienne, l’auteur propose une grille de lecture basée sur les niveaux macro et méso-analytiques et sur leur mise en dialectique. Le niveau macro-analytique met en lumière la structure des opportunités politiques induisant les choix stratégiques d’AQMI et le niveau méso-analytique les dynamiques internes du groupe. La littérature existante sur AQMI étant principalement constituée de monographies et de notes de recherches, l’ambition de cet article est alors de concilier théorie et recherche empirique. Ainsi le cadre d’analyse proposé est inspiré des approches de l’action collective et de la mobilisation des ressources et cherche à améliorer la compréhension des évolutions du groupe. L’étude menée est une analyse qualitative centrée sur les États algérien et malien.The theories of social movements are increasingly used to study terrorist groups and they are characterized by three different levels of analysis: macro, meso, and micro. This article attempts to adapt this theoretical framework to the study of the jihadist group al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM. Indeed, in recent years, AQIM failed to develop in North Africa while its

De la campagne à la ville : échanges, exploitation et immigration dans le Maghreb médiéval

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Tariq Madani

2012-12-01

Full Text Available La relation villes-campagnes, n'a été abordée pour le Maghreb médiéval que d'une façon passagère. La carence documentaire et le manque d'approches archéologiques retardent la compréhension des facettes de cette problématique. On ne peut poser des questions historiques de fond sans une connaissance préalable des phénomènes économiques, sociaux et culturels liés au monde rural. Un cadrage historique et théorique nous met devant des cas variés et des relations complexes et moins unilatérales entre les villes islamiques et leurs terroirs. Autrement dit, on ne peut aboutir à des conclusions assurées concernant l'histoire globale ou régionale qu'en entrecoupant, à travers les siècles, les relations d'exploitation, à celle de dépendance mutuelle dans un cadre de partage des rôles et des ressources qui associe la cité à son environnement. La commercialisation de la production agricole dans la ville, et le rôle d'exutoire naturel de la population rurale de cette dernière, mais aussi, de centre d'administration juridique et de lieu d'acculturation des ethnies, sont des versants moins conflictuels de ces rapports qu'il faut inclure au débat pour les reprendre à un niveau de synthèse

Danish Slaves in Barbary

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Madsen, Peter

2010-01-01

On a number of Danish (including Icelandic) 17th and 18th century autobiographical accounts of slavery in the Maghreb.......On a number of Danish (including Icelandic) 17th and 18th century autobiographical accounts of slavery in the Maghreb....

The North African Franchise: AQIM’s Threat to U.S. Security. Strategic Insights, Volume 8, Issue 5

Science.gov (United States)

2009-12-01

the GSPC, and Al Qaida.” The NEFA Foundation (2007). Marret, Jean Luc. “Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb: A ‘ Glocal ’ Organization.” Studies in Conflict...Marret, “Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb: A ‘ Glocal ’ Organization,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism (June 2008), 545. 18. Joseph Kirschke, “AQIM: The

Case series

African Journals Online (AJOL)

ebutamanya

25 juin 2015 ... Maghreb Document INED ; enseigner la guerre d'Algérie et le. Maghreb contemporain. Actes de la DESCO Université d'été. 2001; pp1-25. Google Scholar. 2. Benider A, Bennani Othmani M, Harif M et al. Registre des cancers de la région du Grand Casablanca, année 2004, édition. 2007. Google Scholar.

Amperometric biosensor for lactate analysis in wine and must during fermentation

OpenAIRE

Shkotova , L.V.; Goriushkina , T.B.; Tran-Minh , Canh; Chovelon , Jean-Marc; Soldatkin , A.P.; Dzyadevych , S.V.

2008-01-01

MADICA 2006 Conference, Fifth Maghreb-Europe Meeting on Materials and their Applicatons for Devices and Physical, Chemical and Biological Sensors, MADICA 2006 Conference, Fifth Maghreb-Europe Meeting on Materials and their Applicatons for Devices and Physical, Chemical and Biological Sensors; International audience; A lactate oxidase-based amperometric biosensor is designed for lactate determination. Two methods of lactate oxidase immobilization on the surface of commercial SensLab platinum p...

Evidence of an excessive gender gap in the risk of psychotic disorder among North African immigrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Science.gov (United States)

van der Ven, E; Veling, W; Tortelli, A; Tarricone, I; Berardi, D; Bourque, F; Selten, J P

2016-12-01

Epidemiological studies in the Netherlands have reported an excessive gender gap in the risk for non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) among immigrants from Morocco with a higher risk elevation in males compared to females. We examined the consistency of these findings and their generalizability to immigrants from the Maghreb (Mauritania, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya) in other European countries. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Medline, PsychINFO and EMBASE databases were searched for publications in the period from January 1970 to April 2014. We included incidence and prevalence studies of non-affective psychotic disorder (NAPD) among migrants from the Maghreb in Europe and studies of subclinical psychotic symptoms (SPS) in representative samples. A meta-analysis was performed on the subgroup of incidence studies. Five incidence and three prevalence studies of NAPD, and two prevalence studies of SPS, conducted in the Netherlands (n=7), Belgium (n=1), France (n=1) and Italy (n=1) met our inclusion criteria. Across all research designs, the risks of NAPD and SPS were consistently increased among male, not female immigrants from the Maghreb. The meta-analysis of incidence studies of NAPD yielded male-to-female risk ratios of 5.1 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 3.1-8.4] for migrants from the Maghreb, 2.0 (95 % CI 1.6-2.5) for other migrant groups, and 1.8 (95 % CI 1.3-2.5) for non-migrant Europeans. The marked gender gap in psychosis risk among migrants from the Maghreb appears a consistent finding, foremost among the Moroccan-Dutch. The small number of studies limits the strength of conclusions that can be drawn about countries other than the Netherlands. Achievement-expectation mismatch, social marginalization and an increased prevalence of illicit drug use are possible explanations.

Energy policy in Maghreb

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Rabah, S.

1993-01-01

This paper presents energy policy in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. Statistical data on fossil fuels reserves and renewable energy sources are given. This paper describes also energy consumption and energy conservation, power generation and interconnected power systems. 5 tabs

A New Chronology for Rhafas, Northeast Morocco, Spanning the North African Middle Stone Age through to the Neolithic.

Science.gov (United States)

Doerschner, Nina; Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E; Ditchfield, Peter; McLaren, Sue J; Steele, Teresa E; Zielhofer, Christoph; McPherron, Shannon P; Bouzouggar, Abdeljalil; Hublin, Jean-Jacques

Archaeological sites in northern Africa provide a rich record of increasing importance for the origins of modern human behaviour and for understanding human dispersal out of Africa. However, the timing and nature of Palaeolithic human behaviour and dispersal across north-western Africa (the Maghreb), and their relationship to local environmental conditions, remain poorly understood. The cave of Rhafas (northeast Morocco) provides valuable chronological information about cultural changes in the Maghreb during the Palaeolithic due to its long stratified archaeological sequence comprising Middle Stone Age (MSA), Later Stone Age (LSA) and Neolithic occupation layers. In this study, we apply optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on sand-sized quartz grains to the cave deposits of Rhafas, as well as to a recently excavated section on the terrace in front of the cave entrance. We hereby provide a revised chronostratigraphy for the archaeological sequence at the site. We combine these results with geological and sedimentological multi-proxy investigations to gain insights into site formation processes and the palaeoenvironmental record of the region. The older sedimentological units at Rhafas were deposited between 135 ka and 57 ka (MIS 6 -MIS 3) and are associated with the MSA technocomplex. Tanged pieces start to occur in the archaeological layers around 109 ka, which is consistent with previously published chronological data from the Maghreb. A well indurated duricrust indicates favourable climatic conditions for the pedogenic cementation by carbonates of sediment layers at the site after 57 ka. Overlying deposits attributed to the LSA technocomplex yield ages of ~21 ka and ~15 ka, corresponding to the last glacial period, and fall well within the previously established occupation phase in the Maghreb. The last occupation phase at Rhafas took place during the Neolithic and is dated to ~7.8 ka.

A New Chronology for Rhafas, Northeast Morocco, Spanning the North African Middle Stone Age through to the Neolithic.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nina Doerschner

Full Text Available Archaeological sites in northern Africa provide a rich record of increasing importance for the origins of modern human behaviour and for understanding human dispersal out of Africa. However, the timing and nature of Palaeolithic human behaviour and dispersal across north-western Africa (the Maghreb, and their relationship to local environmental conditions, remain poorly understood. The cave of Rhafas (northeast Morocco provides valuable chronological information about cultural changes in the Maghreb during the Palaeolithic due to its long stratified archaeological sequence comprising Middle Stone Age (MSA, Later Stone Age (LSA and Neolithic occupation layers. In this study, we apply optically stimulated luminescence (OSL dating on sand-sized quartz grains to the cave deposits of Rhafas, as well as to a recently excavated section on the terrace in front of the cave entrance. We hereby provide a revised chronostratigraphy for the archaeological sequence at the site. We combine these results with geological and sedimentological multi-proxy investigations to gain insights into site formation processes and the palaeoenvironmental record of the region. The older sedimentological units at Rhafas were deposited between 135 ka and 57 ka (MIS 6 -MIS 3 and are associated with the MSA technocomplex. Tanged pieces start to occur in the archaeological layers around 109 ka, which is consistent with previously published chronological data from the Maghreb. A well indurated duricrust indicates favourable climatic conditions for the pedogenic cementation by carbonates of sediment layers at the site after 57 ka. Overlying deposits attributed to the LSA technocomplex yield ages of ~21 ka and ~15 ka, corresponding to the last glacial period, and fall well within the previously established occupation phase in the Maghreb. The last occupation phase at Rhafas took place during the Neolithic and is dated to ~7.8 ka.

Les enjeux de la bataille de Mânû (283/896

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Virginie Prevost

2014-07-01

Full Text Available En mai 896, l’armée aghlabide conduite par Ibrâhîm II écrasa les Nafûsa ibâḍites à Mânû sur la côte tripolitaine, bataille suivie par plusieurs campagnes dans le djebel Nafûsa et dans le Sud tunisien, à Qanṭrâra et dans le Nafzâwa. La bataille de Mânû constitue pour les ibâḍites du Maghreb un souvenir historique important, et elle représente surtout un tournant crucial dans leur histoire, souvent relié par leurs historiens à la chute de l’imamat de Tâhart. Cet article, tout en retraçant le déroulement et les conséquences de cet événement, s’interroge sur la composition et l’évolution de l’ibâḍisme au Maghreb à cette période. Il propose également une comparaison entre les différents récits disponibles dans les sources malékites et ibâḍites afin de mieux souligner l’importance de l’événement dans la mémoire historique du Maghreb.

Some new records of bats from Morocco (Chiroptera)

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Benda, P.; Červený, J.; Konečný, Adam; Reiter, A.; Ševčík, M.; Uhrin, M.; Vallo, Peter

2010-01-01

Roč. 41, - (2010), s. 151-166 ISSN 0024-7774 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z60930519 Keywords : bats * North Africa * Western Sahara * distribution * echolocation * Maghreb Subject RIV: EG - Zoology

Translating Pasteur to the Maghreb.

Science.gov (United States)

Martínez, Francisco Javier

More than 125 years after its foundation (*), the Pasteur Institute is still one of the world’s largest, best known and most powerful biomedical research institutions. The original motherhouse was founded by Louis Pasteur in 1888 thanks to the funds and facilities generously provided by the Paris municipality and the French state and also to the donations of voluntary contributors from France and the most disparate corners of the globe. Before the great savant died seven years later, official branches had already been opened in Saigon, Lille, Tunis, Algiers, Sydney and Nha-Trang, not to speak about many others which had adopted the trademark without having a formal connection to the Parisian headquarters, such as those in Rio de Janeiro, New York, Chicago or Istanbul. During the first quarter of the 20th century, new official institutes were established in various French colonies and protectorates as well as in countries with significant economic, political or cultural links with France such as Brazil, Greece, Romania, the Soviet Union, and Iran. Today, the so-called Institut Pasteur International Network comprises 32 centers in the five continents .

Download this PDF file

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Elamin

Solhudia Maghreb, Pharmaceutical laboratory, Sale, Morocco. Keywords: Chemical ... treatment systems requires frequent disinfection cycles of the complete chain .... The solution to this problem would be to optimize the design of the water ...

Identifying Areas Suitable for the Occurrence of Rift Valley Fever in North Africa: Implications for Surveillance.

Science.gov (United States)

Arsevska, E; Hellal, J; Mejri, S; Hammami, S; Marianneau, P; Calavas, D; Hénaux, V

2016-12-01

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne zoonotic disease that has caused widespread outbreaks throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, with serious consequences for livestock-based economies and public health. Although there have never been any reports of RVF in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya, it is a priority disease in the Maghreb, due to the threat of introduction of the virus through transboundary livestock movements or infected mosquito vectors. However, the implementation of surveillance activities and early warning contingency plans requires better knowledge of the epidemiological situation. We conducted a multicriteria decision analysis, integrating host distribution with a combination of important ecological factors that drive mosquito abundance, to identify hotspots and suitable time periods for RVF enzootic circulation (i.e. stable transmission at a low to moderate level for an extended period of time) and an RVF epizootic event (i.e. a sudden occurrence of a large number of infected animals over a large geographic area) in the Maghreb. We also modelled vector species distribution using available information on vector presence and habitat preference. We found that the northern regions of the Maghreb were moderately suitable for RVF enzootics, but highly suitable for RVF epizootics. The vector species distribution model identified these regions as the most favourable mosquito habitats. Due to the low density of animal hosts and arid conditions, the desert region showed low RVF suitability, except in oases. However, the presence of competent vectors in putative unsuitable areas underlines the need for further assessments of mosquito habitat preference. This study produced monthly RVF suitability maps useful for animal health managers and veterinary services involved in designing risk-based surveillance programmes. The suitability maps can be further enhanced using existing country-specific sources of information and by incorporating knowledge

A Programme for the Eradication of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly from Algeria, the Libyan and Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-09-01

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) is the only fruit fly of economic importance affecting a large number of fruits and vegetables in the Maghreb (Algeria, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia). The medfly causes losses of fresh fruit and vegetables in this region of about US $90 million each year. Therefore, eradication of this pest at this time would be very beneficial. Technologies are available to eradicate the medfly which will have no significant negative environmental impacts, and they can be used to accomplish eradication at reasonable cost. This report outlines the procedures available to eradicate the medfly from the Magherb with primary reliance on the use of sterile flies. A large fruit fly rearing facility, of modular design, must be constructed in the Mediterranean Basin and outside the Maghreb to produce and sterilize flies.

Which future for natural gas in the European-Mediterranean area

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Giesbert, J.Ch.

1997-01-01

In the Mediterranean sea surrounding countries, energy consumption and in particular natural gas, is growing up. However, this development requires the mobilization of important capitals and the creation of multilateral partnerships. These investments must be realized when southern and eastern Mediterranean countries will change for a market economy and when the energy market in the European Union is liberalizing. This paper describes the situation of the development of natural gas uses in the Maghreb countries (power production, development of cogeneration systems, supply of LPG fuels for domestic uses, development of distribution and transportation systems) and the position of European gas companies with respect to this developing market: investments, risks assessment, European Union warranty, liberalization of gas markets in the Maghreb countries and in the European union. (J.S.)

A Programme for the Eradication of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly from Algeria, the Libyan and Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia; Programme d'eradication de la mouche mediterraneenne des fruits en Algerie, en Jamahiriya Arabe Libyenne, au Maroc et en Tunisie

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1993-09-15

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) is the only fruit fly of economic importance affecting a large number of fruits and vegetables in the Maghreb (Algeria, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia). The medfly causes losses of fresh fruit and vegetables in this region of about US $90 million each year. Therefore, eradication of this pest at this time would be very beneficial. Technologies are available to eradicate the medfly which will have no significant negative environmental impacts, and they can be used to accomplish eradication at reasonable cost. This report outlines the procedures available to eradicate the medfly from the Magherb with primary reliance on the use of sterile flies. A large fruit fly rearing facility, of modular design, must be constructed in the Mediterranean Basin and outside the Maghreb to produce and sterilize flies.

Synthetic review on the genetic relatedness between North Africa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Soumaya

the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast. ... threatened until the Islamic Arabs expanded their religion and culture to the Maghreb, ... decline from the Middle East toward Central Asia, Caucasus, North Africa and Europe.

A programme for the eradication of the Mediterranean fruit fly from Algeria, the Libyan and Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1993-09-01

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) is the only fruit fly of economic importance affecting a large number of fruits and vegetables in the Maghreb (Algeria, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia). The medfly causes losses of fresh fruit and vegetables in this region of about US $90 million each year. Therefore, eradication of this pest at this time would be very beneficial. Technologies are available to eradicate the medfly which will have no significant negative environmental impacts, and they can be used to accomplish eradication at reasonable cost. This report outlines the procedures available to eradicate the medfly from the Magherb with primary reliance on the use of sterile flies. A large fruit fly rearing facility, of modular design, must be constructed in the Mediterranean Basin and outside the Maghreb to produce and sterilize flies. Refs, 2 tabs

[Plasma vitamin D levels in native and immigrant children under the age of 6 years of different ethnic origins].

Science.gov (United States)

Sánchez Muro, J M; Yeste Fernández, D; Marín Muñoz, A; Fernández Cancio, M; Audí Parera, L; Carrascosa Lezcano, A

2015-05-01

Nutritional rickets is an emergent disease in Spain, and occurs particularly in black and dark-skinned infants and children from immigrant populations. The aim of this work was to ascertain the vitamin D reserve in a population of native and immigrant children under the age of 6 years. A prospective study was conducted at a Primary Healthcare Centre in Salt (Girona). 307 children with the following origin and race distribution: Caucasian (n=85; 28%), Sub-Saharan (n=101; 32.5%); Maghrebí (n=87, 28.0%); Central-American (n=20; 6.4%) and Indo-Pakistani (n=14; 4.5%). The biochemistry blood parameters studied were: calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, 25-hydroxivitamin D, and parathormone. A nutritional survey was used to estimate calcium and vitamin D intake and degree of sun exposure. Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) was detected in Caucasians (8%), Sub-Saharans (18%), Central-Americans (20%), Maghrebís (34.5%), and Indo-Pakistanis (64%). Of the children studied (n=9), 2.9% had serious vitamin D deficiency (< 10 ng/ml); only one child of Sub-Saharan origin met the biochemical criteria for classical rickets. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in children not receiving vitamin D supplements in the first year of life. Plasma vitamin D concentrations were deficient in 22.5% of children under the age of six, being more prevalent in children of Indo-Pakistani and Maghrebí origin. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

[Emigration from the Maghreb since 1946].

Science.gov (United States)

Verhaeren R-e

1995-01-01

"Just after the Second World War, during the period of rapid economic growth, North African emigration, to France in particular, increases considerably. Later on, during the crisis, emigration still increases, but is directed towards other European countries. The crisis moreover reveals that these workforce migrations not only play a major role of regulation of the conditions [of] the job market, but also play a role of structural complementarity of national workforces, at least as far as certain levels of the market are concerned; and this to the extent that a high national unemployment rate can co-exist with a high rate of employment of foreign workers." (EXCERPT)

African Zoology - Vol 48, No 2 (2013)

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Phylogeography of Buthus Leach, 1815 (Scorpiones: Buthidae): a multigene molecular approach reveals a further complex evolutionary history in the Maghreb · EMAIL FULL TEXT ... Interference competition between sunbirds and carpenter bees for the nectar of Hypoestes aristata · EMAIL FULL TEXT EMAIL FULL TEXT

Les Cahiers du CREAD

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Admin

6 juil. 2007 ... littérature sur le développement économique la thèse d'une alternative de développement ...... emploi ? , In Revue Tiers-monde, Volume 29, n°114. Bouyacoub A ... Alfa/Maghreb et sciences sociales, IRMC, Tunis. (Sous la ...

Africa’s Irregular Security Threats: Challenges for U.S. Engagement (Strategic Forum, Number 255, May 2010)

Science.gov (United States)

2010-05-01

Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) franchise based in Algeria and northern Mali, and the Harakat al-Shabab network based in southern Somalia.13 In North and West...point of launching a terrorist bombing attack at the Planet Hollywood restaurant in Cape Town in August 1998. This shift toward the informal and

Clinical and genetic data of Huntington disease in Moroccan patients

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) occurs worldwide with prevalence varying from 0.1 to 10 /100,000 depending of the ethnic origin. Since no data is available in the Maghreb population, the aim of this study is to describe clinical and genetic characteristics of Huntington patients of Moroccan origin. Methods: Clinical ...

76 FR 72009 - Sunshine Act Notice-December 8, 2011 Board of Directors Meeting

Science.gov (United States)

2011-11-21

.... 2. Insurance Project--Middle East and Africa. 3. Finance Project--Maghreb and North Africa. 4... Closed Session of the October 27, 2011 Board of Directors Meeting. 6. Pending Major Projects. Written summaries of the projects to be presented will be posted on OPIC's Web site on or about November 17, 2011...

Social networks as anti-revolutionary forces: Facebook and political ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

The much celebrated Arab Spring has championed social media as an organizing force. This led to the celebration of a new revolutionary force for people seeking more justice and accountability from their leaders. Maghreb became the example to follow for others across Africa especially given the central role youth played ...

Meer dan zandkastelen : Architektonisch reisverhaal

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Van der Eerden, J.

1993-01-01

This book is the account of a journey through the Sahara, from the Maghreb to the countries of the Sahel. The writer describes the history of the area and the technology, styles and backgrounds of its architecture. This is alternated with an account of the writer's experiences during the trip

Towards an Ethics of Bilingualism

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Christensen, Tina Dransfeldt

2017-01-01

's and Derrida’s work. Then, I will proceed with some specific reflections on the history of language in the Maghreb, with particular focus on the Souffles movement and the interpenetration of literary avant-gardism and political activism in Morocco. The main part of the essay is an analysis of Derrida’s Le...

De la parole aux vidéos: oralité, écriture et oralité médiatique dans la production culturelle amazigh (berbère)

OpenAIRE

D. Merolla

2005-01-01

This article presents new directions in Tamazight/Berber artistic productions.The development of theatre, films and videos in Tamazight are set in the framework of the historical and literary background in the Maghreb and in the lands of Amazigh Diaspora.It also includes the interview with the video-maker and director Agouram Salout.

Emigration dynamics in the Arab region. IOM / UNFPA workshop, 7-8 October 1996, Geneva, Switzerland.

Science.gov (United States)

Appleyard, R

1996-01-01

This paper describes the four research monographs on emigration that were presented at the December 1995 Regional Workshop in the Arab Region. The workshop was an exchange of views and discussion of policy implications of emigration. Monographs were presented by Dr. Mayar Farrag on emigration in Egypt, Professor Nadji Safir on migration in the Maghreb, Dr. Setenay Shami on emigration dynamics in Jordan, and Dr. Lynn Evans on behalf of Dr. Ivy Papps on migration in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Dr. Farrag identified three periods of migration. During the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, migrants were officially encouraged by Egypt to fill education positions. During the 1970s, many migrants left for the oil-producing countries on a temporary basis. Since the mid-1980s, the influences on Egyptian migration have been the economic recession and oil prices in the Gulf states, the completion of infrastructure projects in most Gulf states, and the replacement of foreign labor with nationals. Dr. Farrag recommended improving the migrants' skills in English and technology in order to maintain a dominant flow of temporary migrants to the Gulf region. Professor Safir reported that persons from the Maghreb region (Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco) migrated to France before independence and subsequently to West Germany and the Benelux countries. Algeria had the highest migration potential, and Morocco had the highest migration. Morocco had established networks in destination countries, high population growth rates, and high unemployment. Maghreb countries are receiving migrants from the south. Professor Safir recommended regional integration. Dr. Shami separated step migration from stepwise migration, which complicates push-pull theories. Dr. Papps argued that use of foreign labor may not be the best option for development, and that sending countries should be more aware of skill needs in GCC countries.

Les mosquées ibadites du Maghreb

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Virginie Prevost

2012-07-01

Full Text Available Les mosquées ibadites du Mzab, de Djerba et du djebel Nafûsa partagent plusieurs caractéristiques communes, la plus importante étant la multiplication des mihrabs et des lieux de prière extérieurs à la salle. Les mosquées mozabites se distinguent plus particulièrement par leur haut minaret de type saharien et par leur respect absolu de deux particularités ibadites, l’absence de minbar et le refus de toute forme de décoration. Quant au djebel Nafûsa et à Djerba, ils présentent des mosquées assez semblables, très modestes et parfois souterraines, dont le minaret, s’il existe, adopte des styles très diversifiés. Certaines salles de prière portent le traditionnel décor géométrique berbère. Les mosquées djerbiennes, dont l’architecture est intrinsèquement liée à l’insularité, sont spécialement intéressantes par leur intégration au système défensif de l’île, par la diversité des décors ajoutés tardivement et surtout par la fréquence du minaret-escalier qui a été conservé au travers des siècles.

La cooperación de la Comunidad Europea con los países del Magreb

OpenAIRE

Echeverría Jesús, Carlos

1993-01-01

Evolución de la cooperación entre Europa y el Magreb en la década de los años 50 y 60 y los acuerdos de cooperación alcanzados con posterioridad. Cooperation between Europe and the Maghreb in the decade of the 50s and 60s and cooperation agreements reached later.

Research

African Journals Online (AJOL)

abp

, 102 ont été réalisées sous anesthésie générale et 2 sous sédation compte tenu de .... thoracique vidéo-assistée : indications-limites. Médecine du. Maghreb. 2001 ;87(1) :17-20. PubMed | Google Scholar. 2. Levy I, Ariche A, ...

Les facies gypso-salins dans la région d'Oran et leurs ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

SARAH

31 août 2016 ... la région d'Oran est due principalement aux formations salifères (datant du Trias, Lias, Éocène, Miocène, .... électrique par cm à 25°C est très supérieure à 250 mhos/cm (Ussl ..... maghreb central et oriental : des appareils.

Phylogeny, biogeography, and evolution of two Mediterranean snakes, Malpolon monspessulanus and Hemorrhois hippocrepis (Squamata, Colubridae), using mtDNA sequences.

Science.gov (United States)

Carranza, S; Arnold, E N; Pleguezuelos, J M

2006-08-01

Variation in 815bp of mitochondrial DNA from two gene fragments (300bp of cytochrome b and 395-515bp of 12S rRNA) for 26 Malpolon monspessulanus, and cytochrome b for a further 21 individuals, indicates that this species originated in the Maghreb area of Northwest Africa. Here, an estimated 3.5-6Mya, it divided into the western M. m. monspessulanus, and an eastern clade including M. m. insignitus and M. m. fuscus. The very limited genetic differentiation between Maghreb and Southwest European populations of this form suggests that it arrived in the Iberian Peninsula only recently. Population genetics and demographic tests indicate subsequent expansion in this area around 83,000-168,000 year ago. Because present populations of Malpolon arrived recently, mid-Pliocene and at least some Pleistocene fossils of the genus Malpolon in Southwest Europe are probably derived from an earlier invasion from the Maghreb, possibly as early as the end of the Miocene period, 5.3-5.9Mya, when there was a temporary land bridge across the site of the Strait of Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Sea desiccated. The descendants of this earlier invasion must have eventually become extinct, perhaps during one of the Pleistocene glaciations. In contrast to the western M. m. monspessulanus, the greater genetic divergence found in the eastern clade of M. monspessulanus suggests that it dispersed at an earlier date and probably over a longer period, spreading eastwards through northern Libya and Egypt to Syria, Iraq, and Iran, and around the Mediterranean Sea through Turkey into the Aegean archipelagos and the Balkan peninsula. The western and eastern units of M. monspessulanus have different dorsal color pattern, differences in skull structure and exhibit an 8.4% uncorrected genetic divergence in the combined gene fragments investigated here. It is consequently recommended that they should be treated as separate species: M. monspessulanus (sensu stricto) and Malpolon insignitusstat. nov., the

Maladie dermatophytique de revelation tardive | Aboutou | Pan ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

La maladie dermatophytique, décrite pour la première fois en 1959 par Hadida et Schousboe, est une infection dermatophytique chronique de la peau et des viscères. C'est une maladie rare principalement décrite au Maghreb. Les études immunologiques ont permis de mettre en évidence un déficit de l'immunité cellulaire ...

Etat des lieux sur l'entrepreneuriat feminin dans la wilaya de Djelfa ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Abstract. En Algérie, l'entrepreneuriat féminin est faible malgré la politique volontariste de l'Etat pour booster l'activité féminine qui se trouve être la plus faible dans le Maghreb. Seulement 5 % des ... et la gestion de leur projet. Mots clefs: Entreprenariat féminin, Djelfa, Investissement, Micro crédit, Développement social ...

Pre-School Education in Morocco and Algeria

Science.gov (United States)

Bouzoubaa, Khadija; Benghabrit-Remaoun, Nouria

2004-01-01

This article is an analysis of the current state of early childhood care in the Maghreb, in particular in Morocco and Algeria, where the pre-schooling rate for 5-year-olds is on the increase. Extending pre-school infrastructures and the need to create unified curricula have been among the most urgent questions to be tackled over the last decade in…

Founder Mutations in Xeroderma Pigmentosum

Science.gov (United States)

Tamura, Deborah; DiGiovanna, John J.; Kraemer, Kenneth H.

2012-01-01

In this issue, Soufir et al. report a founder mutation in the XPC DNA repair gene in 74% of families with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) in the Maghreb region (Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia) of northern Africa. These patients have a high frequency of skin cancer. The presence of this founder mutation provides an opportunity for genetic counseling and early diagnosis of XP. PMID:20463673

Petroleum and natural gas economy in Arab Countries, in Iraq, Nigeria and Tunisia

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1993-01-01

This paper gives informations on petroleum and natural gas industry, petroleum market and prices, trade and contracts, prospection and investments: Portugal has retained the joining to the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline for algerian gas supply. Saudi Arabia has closed several oil fields for maintenance. New contracts have been signed for exploration or development of petroleum or natural gas fields in Nigeria, Qatar, Tunisia and Yemen

Vers l'élaboration d'un projet de recherche sur les politiques de la ...

International Development Research Centre (IDRC) Digital Library (Canada)

Le premier sera installé dans la région du Maghreb, plus précisément dans les locaux de l'École supérieure de commerce de Tunis. Une équipe de jeunes chercheurs tunisiens en prendra la direction. Un maximum de deux autres centres seront installés après appel de propositions ouvert. Outre l'établissement de centres ...

LES GOITRES BÉNINS EN ORL

African Journals Online (AJOL)

18 juin 2007 ... Montury S., de Clermont H, Gatina J.H. Prévalence des cancers thyroïdiennes à la Réunion à partir des données scinti- graphiques. Bull Patho Exot, 1997. 9. Moumen M, Touhami M, Elaoui M.E, Fares F.El. Les micro-carcinomes thyroïdiens. Médecine du Maghreb, 1992, 31 :25-28. 10. Ntyonga-Pono M.P.

Comment la folie vient aux femmes. Personnages de folles dans quelques récits de Maghrébines : d’Isabelle Eberhardt à Leïla Marouane

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Catherine Gravet

2017-11-01

Full Text Available Isabelle Eberhardt, Leïla Sebbar, Azza Filali, Malika Madi and Leïla Marouane are five writers with Maghreban connections (as proved in this article who, in their works (four short stories and four novels, depict several characters of mad women. Firstly, we aim to analyse the descriptions the authors use to express their characters’ madness, then we identify the contexts in which behaviours, considered as abnormal by the other characters or the narrator, erupt. Finally, we try to determine the origin of those women’s madness (or supposed psychosis. Generally, the answer can be found in the violence exerted on the young lady or woman, whether it be social, parental or masculine-based violence, in relation to the cultural and geographical context. As such, the representation of madness, originating from the exclusion imposed on women by an abusive patriarchal system, through the eyes of Maghrebi women, seems to be an inherent trait of women’s literature in Maghreb. Isabelle Eberhardt, Leïla Sebbar, Azza Filali, Malika Madi et Leïla Marouane : ces cinq auteures, dont nous montrons d’abord le lien avec le Maghreb, mettent en scène des personnages de folles dans plusieurs de leurs récits (quatre nouvelles et quatre romans. Après y avoir repris les descriptions des manifestations e cette folie et les contextes où surgissent les comportements jugés, par les autres personnages ou par la narratrice, anormaux, nous tenterons de dégager les causes de cette folie (ou prétendue psycho e – généralement elle provient de la violence exercée sur la jeune fille ou la femme, sociale, parentale ou masculine, liée au contexte géographico-culturel. Comme telle, l’image de la folle chez les Maghrébines, manifestation d’une exclusion imposée par un système patriarcal abusif, nous paraît spécifique de cette littérature féminine du Maghreb.

L'ASILE AU MAGHREB : QUELLE RECONNAISSANCE POUR LES ...

African Journals Online (AJOL)

Administrateur

que les réfugiés liés à la Seconde guerre mondiale et aux premiers conflits de la ..... le HCR, ignore le droit d'asile comme principe par le fonctionnement réifié et .... nation ivoirienne se délite progressivement comme «chose réelle». (Saïd ...

Qur'anic Invocations: Narrative Temporalities in Twentieth Century Maghrebi Literature

OpenAIRE

El Shakry, Hoda

2012-01-01

"Qur'anic Invocations: Narrative Temporalities in Twentieth Century Maghrebi Literature" investigates the dialogic relationship between literary and theological discourse in modern Arabophone and Francophone literature of the Maghreb. The novels of al-Tahir Wattar, Assia Djebar, Driss Chraibi and Mahmud al-Mas'adi critically explore the complex colonial histories and conflicted articulations of national identity, language and literature in Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia. While the 130-year Fr...

Preparation and characterization of thin transducer layers sensitive to free chlorine in water

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Kašík, Ivan; Mrázek, Jan; Podrazký, Ondřej; Seidl, Miroslav; Aubrecht, Jan; Tobiška, Petr; Matějec, Vlastimil; Kovács, B.; Markovics, A.; Szili, M.; Vlčková, K.

2008-01-01

Roč. 28, 5/6 (2008), s. 842-847 ISSN 0928-4931. [Journees Maghreb-Europe sur les Materiaux et Leurs Applications aux Dispositifs et Capteurs MADICA 2006 /5./. Mahdia, 30.10.2006-01.11.2006] R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GA102/05/0948 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20670512 Keywords : chlorine * transducers * electrochemistry Subject RIV: JB - Sensors, Measurment, Regulation Impact factor: 1.812, year: 2008

Senegal: Background and U.S. Relations

Science.gov (United States)

2012-04-11

Politique et Révolution Passive. ‘Sopi’ or not ‘Sopi’?” Politique Africaine, December 2004. 12 See, for example, Abdou Latif Coulibaly, Contes et ...regional presence of violent extremist groups. Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), an criminal- terrorist network with ties to Al Qaeda and roots...FTF_2010_Implementation_Plan_Senegal.pdf. 27 U.N. Development Program and Government of Senegal, Changement Climatique, Sécurité Alimentaire et Développement Humain

Bend sensing with long-period fiber gratings in capillaries embedded in structures

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Chomát, Miroslav; Berková, Daniela; Todorov, Filip; Čtyroký, Jiří; Matějec, Vlastimil; Kašík, Ivan; Proboštová, Jana; Salvia, M.; Jehid, J.

2008-01-01

Roč. 28, 5/6 (2008), s. 716-721 ISSN 0928-4931. [Journees Maghreb-Europe sur les Materiaux et Leurs Applications aux Dispositifs et Capteurs MADICA 2006 /5./. Mahdia, 30.10.2006-01.11.2006] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/06/1851 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20670512 Keywords : fibre optic sensors * periodic structures Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 1.812, year: 2008

From the Spoken Word to Video: Orality, Literacy, Mediated Orality, and the Amazigh (Berber Cultural Production

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Daniela Merolla

2005-08-01

Full Text Available This article presents new directions in Tamazight/Berber artistic productions. The development of theatre, films and videos in Tamazight are set in the framework of the historical and literary background in the Maghreb and in the lands of Amazigh Diaspora.  It also includes the interview with the video-maker and director Agouram Salout. Key Words: tamazight, berber, theatre, videos, film, taqbaylit, tarifit, tachelhit, new cultural production, writing, orality

An Alliance Built Upon Necessity: AQIM, Boko Haram, and the African Arch of Instability

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-01

in the Islamic Maghreb AQC Al-Qaeda Central AU African Union BCT Brigade Combat Team C2 Command and Control CENTCOM U.S. Central Command...conventional military battalions, they operate in decentralized methods of operation. Most of these fighters consist of small cohesive teams that...Congressman Donald Payne from New Jersey even stated that he was “shocked and dismayed that [he] basically woke up one morning only to find out that he and

Fiber-Optic U-Shaped Detection Elements for the Investigation of Photocatalytic Activity of Optical Fibers Coated with Layer of TiO2

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějec, Vlastimil; Mrázek, Jan; Podrazký, Ondřej; Hayer, Miloš; Pospíšilová, Marie

2009-01-01

Roč. 7, č. 5 (2009), s. 900-904 ISSN 1546-198X. [6th Maghreb-Europe Meeting on Materials and Their Applications for Devices and Physical, Chemical and Biological Sensors. Rabat, 30.10.2008-01.11.2008] R&D Projects: GA MŠk OC08023 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20670512 Keywords : photocatalysis * anatase laayer * fiber - optic sensor Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 0.626, year: 2009

Sensitivity of microstructure fibers to gaseous oxygen

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Matějec, Vlastimil; Mrázek, Jan; Hayer, Miloš; Podrazký, Ondřej; Kaňka, Jiří; Kašík, Ivan

2008-01-01

Roč. 28, 5/6 (2008), s. 876-881 ISSN 0928-4931. [Journees Maghreb-Europe sur les Materiaux et Leurs Applications aux Dispositifs et Capteurs MADICA 2006 /5./. Mahdia, 30.10.2006-01.11.2006] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/05/0956 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20670512 Keywords : detection * fibre optic sensors * oxygen * sol-gel processing * aerogels Subject RIV: JB - Sensors, Measurment, Regulation Impact factor: 1.812, year: 2008

Assessing existing drought monitoring and forecasting capacities, mitigation and adaptation practices in Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Nyabeze, W. R.; Dlamini, L.; Lahlou, O.; Imani, Y.; Alaoui, S. B.; Vermooten, J. S. A.

2012-04-01

Drought is one of the major natural hazards in many parts of the world, including Africa and some regions in Europe. Drought events have resulted in extensive damages to livelihoods, environment and economy. In 2011, a consortium consisting of 19 organisations from both Africa and Europe started a project (DEWFORA) aimed at developing a framework for the provision of early warning and response through drought impact mitigation for Africa. This framework covers the whole chain from monitoring and vulnerability assessment to forecasting, warning, response and knowledge dissemination. This paper presents the first results of the capacity assessment of drought monitoring and forecasting systems in Africa, the existing institutional frameworks and drought mitigation and adaptation practices. Its focus is particularly on the historical drought mitigation and adaptation actions identified in the North Africa - Maghreb Region (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and in the Southern Africa - Limpopo Basin. This is based on an extensive review of historical drought experiences. From the 1920's to 2009, the study identified 37 drought seasons in the North African - Maghreb Region and 33 drought seasons in the Southern Africa - Limpopo Basin. Existing literature tends to capture the spatial extent of drought at national and administrative scale in great detail. This is driven by the need to map drought impacts (food shortage, communities affected) in order to inform drought relief efforts (short-term drought mitigation measures). However, the mapping of drought at catchment scale (hydrological unit), required for longer-term measures, is not well documented. At regional level, both in North Africa and Southern Africa, two organisations are involved in drought monitoring and forecasting, while at national level 22 organisations are involved in North Africa and 37 in Southern Africa. Regarding drought related mitigation actions, the inventory shows that the most common actions

Comparative Study for Evaluation of Mass Flow Rate for Simple Solar Still and Active with Heat Pump

OpenAIRE

Hidouri Khaoula; Benhmidene Ali; Chaouachi Bechir; Ravishankar Sathyamurthy

2017-01-01

In isolated and arid areas, especially in the almost Maghreb regions, the abundant solar radiation intensity along the year and the available brackish water resources are the two favorable conditions for using solar desalination technology to produce fresh water. The present study is based on the use of three groups of correlation, for evaluating mass transfer. Theoretical results are compared with those obtained experimentally for a Simple Solar Distiller (SSD) and a Simple Solar Distiller H...

China’s Evolving Foreign Policy in Africa: A New Direction for China’s Non-Intervention Strategy?

Science.gov (United States)

2014-09-01

Xiaoping instituted economic reforms aimed at opening up China’s economy to international trade and China began on its path towards double- digit growth.99...rebellion by the nomadic Tuaregs in the north paved the way for Al Qaeda in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM)’s takeover of Northern Mali. The...marginalization through the creation of a formal state with formal, defined borders. The nomadic lifestyle of the Tuaregs was no longer accepted under

Maghreb and Middle East, future leaders of the market

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Zebouddj, I.

2006-01-01

The countries of Middle East and North Africa possess the most important resources in fossil energy and should play the first parts from now to about fifteen years, especially on the liquefied natural gas market. The famous peak oil will be the result of a lack of investments but not of a lack of resources says the president of the French Institute of petroleum. But the exporting countries have no interest to increase their production because the demand does not change in spite of high prices. Russian federation excepted, the world reserves are concentrated in the countries of Middle East and North Africa. Algeria will export 85 milliards of meters cube of natural gas in 2010 years 100 milliards in 2015; Qatar is said as the future world leader of liquefied natural gas. Europe will be dependant for its imports of gas for 80% in 2050. (N.C.)

Phylogeography and postglacial recolonization of Europe by Rhinolophus hipposideros: evidence from multiple genetic markers.

Science.gov (United States)

Dool, Serena E; Puechmaille, Sébastien J; Dietz, Christian; Juste, Javier; Ibáñez, Carlos; Hulva, Pavel; Roué, Stéphane G; Petit, Eric J; Jones, Gareth; Russo, Danilo; Toffoli, Roberto; Viglino, Andrea; Martinoli, Adriano; Rossiter, Stephen J; Teeling, Emma C

2013-08-01

The demographic history of Rhinolophus hipposideros (lesser horseshoe bat) was reconstructed across its European, North African and Middle-Eastern distribution prior to, during and following the most recent glaciations by generating and analysing a multimarker data set. This data set consisted of an X-linked nuclear intron (Bgn; 543 bp), mitochondrial DNA (cytb-tRNA-control region; 1630 bp) and eight variable microsatellite loci for up to 373 individuals from 86 localities. Using this data set of diverse markers, it was possible to determine the species' demography at three temporal stages. Nuclear intron data revealed early colonization into Europe from the east, which pre-dates the Quaternary glaciations. The mtDNA data supported multiple glacial refugia across the Mediterranean, the largest of which were found in the Ibero-Maghreb region and an eastern location (Anatolia/Middle East)-that were used by R. hipposideros during the most recent glacial cycles. Finally, microsatellites provided the most recent information on these species' movements since the Last Glacial Maximum and suggested that lineages that had diverged into glacial refugia, such as in the Ibero-Maghreb region, have remained isolated. These findings should be used to inform future conservation management strategies for R. hipposideros and show the power of using a multimarker data set for phylogeographic studies. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Feminism between Islamism and Postmodernism

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Wassyla Tamzali

2013-06-01

Full Text Available In the wider context of dialogue among cultures, the analysis of women’s conditions in Muslim cultures -or in those European milieus affected by immigration from Maghreb- proves to be a difficult task, marked as it is by an ambiguity which is inherent to those power relations defined by economic and political balances between states at a global level. The debate on the veil is an exemplifying issue of the terms in which the dialogue is conducted between European nations and Islamist movements, and it sets the limits by which -given a certain power structure- women’s freedom is lost in the name of a culture presenting itself as promoting the value of differences. Within the European debate, Islamic feminism represents the main interlocutor of international institutions which -unable to solve those more radical questions giving origin to conflicts between peoples- exclude from their analysis other forms of social critique, in this way favoring culturalist and differentialist approaches. All considered, though, Islamic feminism does not limit itself to represent the positions expressed by those Maghreb and Arab feminists that -in reaction to a cultural model continuing to propose the image of a society based on the absolute control of women- keep struggling to reaffirm their right to freedom and equality: they instead carry on the deconstruction work that originally gave birth to world women’s movements.

La filiation légitime à l’épreuve des mutations sociales au Maghreb Legitimate Filiation Tested by Social Change in the Maghreb

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Émilie Barraud

2010-07-01

Full Text Available Dans un contexte de globalisation, où se diffusent et s’imposent des normes et des valeurs définies comme occidentales, le droit de la famille dans les pays d’Afrique du Nord, bien qu’apparaissant être le domaine le moins affecté par le processus de normalisation juridique, a connu ces dernières années d’importantes révisions. Cet article propose un examen de quelques-unes de ces récentes modifications législatives qui répondent à de nouvelles nécessités sociales tout en remettant en question les visions traditionnelles de la filiation, posant la question d’une redéfinition sociale et juridique de celle-ci. Dans un premier temps, l’intérêt est porté sur les choix des législateurs algériens, marocains et tunisiens concernant les techniques scientifiques pour établir ou contester la filiation, également en matière de procréation médicalement assistée et de filiation adoptive. Dans un deuxième temps, il s’agit de porter un éclairage sur le traitement politico-social de l’enfance illégitime et abandonnée, sur les efforts législatifs consentis par les autorités algériennes et marocaines, contraintes, par l’ampleur du phénomène, de reconnaître cette catégorie sociale, jusqu’ici invisible et frappée d’ostracisme, sans toutefois porter atteinte au système admis et à la morale.In the context of globalization – which diffuses and imposes norms and values defined as western – family law in North African countries might seem to be the domain least affected by the process of judicial normalization, but in fact this is an area that has seen important revisions in recent years. This article examines some recent legislative changes that respond to new social needs while also calling into question traditional understandings of filiation – raising the question of a social and legal redefinition of this issue. On one level, this question points to the choices of Algerian, Moroccan and Tunisian legislators with regard to scientific techniques for establishing or contesting filiation, as well as in relation to medically assisted procreation and adoption. On another level, it sheds light on the politico-social treatment of illegitimate and abandoned children, on legislative efforts supported by Algerian and Moroccan authorities – who are constrained by the extent of the phenomenon to recognize this social category (until now invisible and hindered by ostracism yet without addressing the underlying legal and moral issues.

The development of the natural gas market in Morocco

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Bencheqroun, A.

1997-01-01

Thanks to the transit royalties gained with the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline, Morocco will dispose of an important source of energy supply which will allow the development of a local natural gas market, and as part of the rural electrification policy, will dispose of a safe resource of power production. This paper presents the energy and economical situation of Morocco, in particular the development of LPG consumption, nd the perspectives of development of the natural gas market and of gas companies in this country. (J.S.)

Analysis of bending effects in long period gratings in fibres with parabolic refractive index profile of the cladding

Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

Čtyroký, Jiří; Chomát, Miroslav; Matějec, Vlastimil

2008-01-01

Roč. 28, 5/6 (2008), s. 739-743 ISSN 0928-4931. [Journees Maghreb-Europe sur les Materiaux et Leurs Applications aux Dispositifs et Capteurs MADICA 2006 /5./. Mahdia, 30.10.2006-01.11.2006] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA102/06/1851; GA ČR GA102/05/0987 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20670512 Keywords : optical waveguide theory * optical waveguide components * modelling * fibre optic sensors Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 1.812, year: 2008

Otantik Bir Vehbi-İbâzî Akaîd Metni: Akidetü't-Tevhid Li-Amr İbn Cümey

OpenAIRE

DÜNDAR, M. Mücahid

2013-01-01

 Ib?diyya is the only branch of Kh?rijiyya which rejects “isti?r?d” and have a more moderate disposition by not qualifying their opponents as disbelievers (mushrik). As one of the most ancient creed text that had been originally authored in Tamazight, ?Aq?da al-Tawh?d, is a work that shows us the fundamental beliefs of Maghreb Ib?d?s and their distinctive features in concise style. The text that its Tamazight origin could be dated back to third century of hijra wa...

THE MEDIEVAL AND OTTOMAN HAMMAMS OF ALGERIA; ELEMENTS FOR A HISTORICAL STUDY OF BATHS ARCHITECTURE IN NORTH AFRICA

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Nabila Cherif-Seffadj

2009-03-01

Full Text Available Algerian medinas (Islamic cities have several traditional public baths (hammams. However, these hammams are the least known in the Maghreb countries. The first French archaeological surveys carried out on Islamic monuments and sites in Algeria, have found few historic baths in medieval towns. All along the highlands route, from Algiers (capital city of Algeria located in the North to Tlemcen (city in the Western part of Algeria, these structures are found in all the cities founded after the Islamic religion expanded in the Western North Africa. These buildings are often associated to large mosques. In architectural history, these baths illustrate original spatial and organizational compositions under form proportions, methods of construction, ornamental elements and the technical skills of their builders. The ancient traditions of bathing interpreted in this building type are an undeniable legacy. They are present through architectural typology and technical implementation reflecting the important architectural heritage of the great Roman cities in Algeria. Furthermore, these traditions and buildings evolved through different eras. Master builders, who left Andalusia to seek refuge in the Maghreb countries, added the construction and ornamentation skills and techniques brought from Muslim Spain, while the Ottomans contribution in the history of many urban cities is important. Hence, the dual appellation of the hammam as “Moorish bath” and “Turkish bath” in Algeria is the perfect illustration of the evolution of bath architecture in Algeria.

UNE CULTURE MEDITERRANEENNE FRAGMENTEE : LA REVENDICATION AMAZIGHE ENTRE LOCAL(ITE) ET TRANSNATIONAL(ITE)

OpenAIRE

Pouessel, Stéphanie

2010-01-01

Ce texte se propose d'offrir une perspective transfrontalière des mouvements culturels berbères au Maghreb et en France. L'objectif est de retracer les cheminements de la berbérité qui peuvent dans le même temps construire une revendication spécifique et locale et se brancher à une lutte berbère dans son acception globale. Il s'agit tout d'abord de retracer les contextes politiques, culturels et sociaux qui enserrent les revendications dans chaque pays (principalement Maroc, Algérie, France m...

Comercio exterior del Reino de Sevilla a través de los manuales de mercaderías italianos bajomedievales

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Raúl González Arévalo

2011-12-01

Full Text Available The evolvement of the pratiche di mercatura in the Italian Peninsula permitted access to information relating to the principal commercial and financial centres in medieval Europe, which were located mainly on the Mediterranean and in the Low Countries. This article analyses the relevance of the Kingdom of Seville in these texts. We will see that the Italians considered Seville to be the main centre of trade in Castile, and to be the hub of an extensive commercial network that stretched from Byzantium and the Maghreb to Flanders, and included Italy and Aragon.

Ramses 2010 - World crisis and global governance

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moreau Defarges, Ph.; Montbrial, Th. de

2009-01-01

2009: the world has changed and is learning to live with the crisis. Not only it is expected to last long but also it impacts the overall social life and in particular the political systems (through governments, elections..). The Ramses 2010 book presents the world through two main axes, crisis and governance, and analyses its geopolitical situation in 8 parts dealing with: world economy, energy and climate, USA, Europe, Middle-East/Maghreb, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. It comprises 53 entries by country and/or topic with maps and key data (150 countries). (J.S.)

Mapping and deterring violent extremist networks in North-West Africa

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Walther, Olivier; Leuprecht, Christian

connections of VEOs and the effect of borders on the spatial patterns of armed groups. Social network analysis reveals that the network involving VEOs had a low density, a low level of transitivity, and contained few central actors, three typical characteristics of negative-tie networks. Al Qaeda...... in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) is unquestionably the most connected VEO, which in purely network terms can be seen as a liability. Spatial analysis shows that, while violence was almost exclusively concentrated within Algeria between 1997 and 2004, cross-border movements intensified in the mid-2000s following...

Analysis and Geometry : MIMS-GGTM, in Honour of Mohammed Salah Baouendi

CERN Document Server

Kacimi, Aziz; Kallel, Sadok; Mir, Nordine

2015-01-01

This book includes selected papers presented at the MIMS (Mediterranean Institute for the Mathematical Sciences) - GGTM (Geometry and Topology Grouping for the Maghreb) conference, held in memory of Mohammed Salah Baouendi, a most renowned figure in the field of several complex variables, who passed away in 2011. All research articles were written by leading experts, some of whom are prize winners in the fields of complex geometry, algebraic geometry and analysis. The book offers a valuable resource for all researchers interested in recent developments in analysis and geometry.

Origins of the Iberomaurusian in NW Africa: new AMS radiocarbon dating of the Middle and Later Stone Age deposits at Taforalt Cave, Morocco.

Science.gov (United States)

Barton, R N E; Bouzouggar, A; Hogue, J T; Lee, S; Collcutt, S N; Ditchfield, P

2013-09-01

Recent genetic studies based on the distribution of mtDNA of haplogroup U6 have led to subtly different theories regarding the arrival of modern human populations in North Africa. One proposes that groups of the proto-U6 lineage spread from the Near East to North Africa around 40-45 ka (thousands of years ago), followed by some degree of regional continuity. Another envisages a westward human migration from the Near East, followed by further demographic expansion at ∼22 ka centred on the Maghreb and associated with a microlithic bladelet culture known as the Iberomaurusian. In evaluating these theories, we report on the results of new work on the Middle (MSA) and Later Stone (LSA) Age deposits at Taforalt Cave in Morocco. We present 54 AMS radiocarbon dates on bone and charcoals from a sequence of late MSA and LSA occupation levels of the cave. Using Bayesian modelling we show that an MSA non-Levallois flake industry was present until ∼24.5 ka Cal BP (calibrated years before present), followed by a gap in occupation and the subsequent appearance of an LSA Iberomaurusian industry from at least 21,160 Cal BP. The new dating offers fresh light on theories of continuity versus replacement of populations as presented by the genetic evidence. We examine the implications of these data for interpreting the first appearance of the LSA in the Maghreb and providing comparisons with other dated early blade and bladelet industries in North Africa. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Petroleum and natural gas economy in Arab Countries, in Angola, Iran and Nigeria

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1993-01-01

This paper gives informations on petroleum and natural gas industry, petroleum market and prices, trade and contracts, prospection and investments. BEI (European Bank of Investment) has given its agreement for the financing of the Maghreb-Europe natural gas pipeline in Morocco but will not participate for the piece in Algeria. Several new petroleum or natural gas discoveries have been pointed out (Rhourde Yacoub in Algeria, Shabwa in Yemen, Port Fouad in Egypt). Shell Company has signed an agreement for the development of Pars Nord natural gas field in Iran and has obtained an exploration offshore permit in Angola

A Network Analysis of Social Balance in Conflict in the Maghreb

Science.gov (United States)

2013-03-01

relationships from Table 6 shown in graph form. Graph by author using Pajek ( Batagelj & Mrvar , 1996 ...author using Pajek ( Batagelj & Mrvar , 1996 )................................................................................................ 4-17 Figure...negative and black is positive. By author using Pajek ( Batagelj & Mrvar , 1996 ). ..... 4-21 Figure 23: Network Graph of 10 Actor Network (Post-French

[Immigration and health: Social inequalities between native and immigrant populations in the Basque Country (Spain)].

Science.gov (United States)

Rodríguez Álvarez, Elena; González-Rábago, Yolanda; Bacigalupe, Amaia; Martín, Unai; Lanborena Elordui, Nerea

2014-01-01

To analyze health inequalities between native and immigrant populations in the Basque Country (Spain) and the role of several mediating determinants in explaining these differences. A cross-sectional study was performed in the population aged 18 to 64 years in the Basque Country. We used data from the Basque Health Survey 2007 (n=4,270) and the Basque Health Survey for Immigrants 2009 (n=745). We calculated differences in health inequalities in poor perceived health between the native population and immigrant populations from distinct regions (China, Latin America, the Maghreb and Senegal). To measure the association between poor perceived health and place of origin, and to adjust this association by several mediating variables, odds ratios (OR) were calculated through logistic regression models. Immigrants had poorer perceived health than natives in the Basque Country, regardless of age. These differences could be explained by the lower educational level, worse employment status, lower social support, and perceived discrimination among immigrants, both in men and women. After adjustment was performed for all the variables, health status was better among men from China (OR: 0.18; 95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 0.04-0.91) and Maghreb (OR: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.08-0.91) and among Latin American women (OR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14-0.92) than in the native population. These results show the need to continue to monitor social and health inequalities between the native and immigrant populations, as well as to support the policies that improve the socioeconomic conditions of immigrants. Copyright © 2013 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Primary health care utilization by immigrants as compared to the native population: a multilevel analysis of a large clinical database in Catalonia.

Science.gov (United States)

Muñoz, Miguel-Angel; Pastor, Esther; Pujol, Joan; Del Val, José Luis; Cordomí, Silvia; Hermosilla, Eduardo

2012-06-01

Immigration is a relevant public health issue and there is a great deal of controversy surrounding its impact on health services utilization. To determine differences between immigrants and non-immigrants in the utilization of primary health care services in Catalonia, Spain. Population based, cross-sectional, multicentre study. We used the information from 16 primary health care centres in an area near Barcelona, Spain. We conducted a multilevel analysis for the year 2008 to compare primary health care services utilization between all immigrants aged 15 or more and a sample of non-immigrants, paired by age and sex. Overall, immigrants living in Spain used health services more than non-immigrants (Incidence Risk Ratio (IRR) 1.16 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.15-1.16) and (IRR 1, 26, 95% CI: 1.25-1.28) for consultations with GPs and referrals to specialized care, respectively. People coming from the Maghreb and the rest of Africa requested the most consultations involving a GP and nurses (IRR 1.34, 95% CI: 1.33-1.36 and IRR 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.44, respectively). They were more frequently referred to specialized care (IRR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.41-1.46) when compared to Spaniards. Immigrants from Asia had the lowest numbers of consultations with a GP and referrals (IRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66-0.88 and IRR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.61-0.95, respectively. On average, immigrants living in Catalonia used the health services more than non-immigrants. Immigrants from the Maghreb and other African countries showed the highest and those from Asia the lowest, number of consultations and referrals to specialized care.

Energy policies of IEA countries. Spain 1996 review

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1996-01-01

The energy sector in Spain is at the end of a transition period from public to private ownership and from monopoly to competition. In keeping with the 1994 law calling for more competition in the electricity sector and planning an independent system, this review recommends that more concrete measures be taken to increase competition. The report examines Spanish policy on increasing natural gas consumption with the construction of the Maghreb pipeline from Algeria. It looks closely at the organization of the oil industry and the restructuring of the coal industry. It also examines the new measures to increase energy efficiency. (authors). 13 figs., 23 tabs

Introduction à la Mauritanie

OpenAIRE

Arnaud, Jean; Balans, Jean-Louis; Balans, Jean-Louis; Buu, Edouard Van; Chassey, Francis de; Chassey, Francis de; Cheikh, C.; Constantin, François; Coulon, Christian; Delarozière, M.F.; Désiré-Vuillemin, Geneviève; Flory, Maurice; Lavroff, Dmitri-Georges; Santucci, Jean-Claude; Traoré, A.

2013-01-01

La vocation séculaire de la Mauritanie a été de se vouloir un "pont" entre le Maghreb et l'Afrique noire car les déserts, comme les fleuves, unissent au moins autant qu'ils ne séparent. La jeune république mauritanienne s'est assignée de réactualiser cette mission, à la fois pour légitimer son entrée dans le concert des Etats-Nations, et pour se donner davantage de moyens dans sa lutte pour le développement et l'émancipation. Cette situation spécifique de la Mauritanie, qui en fait une des pr...

Une herboristerie ethnique à Paris

OpenAIRE

Hamaïdi , Maurad

2012-01-01

Place de la Chapelle à Paris, dans le 18e arrondissement. L'enseigne de ce magasin est peu explicite, mais la vitrine laisse deviner le type de produits vendus. L'information est un peu plus développée dans la langue arabe car il y est précisé que la vente concerne tous types d'encens, ainsi que des plantes arabes : il s'agit d'une herboristerie. Il est également écrit que le magasin exporte vers le Maroc : le mot en arabe est ambigu puisqu'il s'agit de "Maghreb", mais en général, utilisé seu...

Introducing the Algerian mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome profiles into the North African landscape.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Asmahan Bekada

Full Text Available North Africa is considered a distinct geographic and ethnic entity within Africa. Although modern humans originated in this Continent, studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and Y-chromosome genealogical markers provide evidence that the North African gene pool has been shaped by the back-migration of several Eurasian lineages in Paleolithic and Neolithic times. More recent influences from sub-Saharan Africa and Mediterranean Europe are also evident. The presence of East-West and North-South haplogroup frequency gradients strongly reinforces the genetic complexity of this region. However, this genetic scenario is beset with a notable gap, which is the lack of consistent information for Algeria, the largest country in the Maghreb. To fill this gap, we analyzed a sample of 240 unrelated subjects from a northwest Algeria cosmopolitan population using mtDNA sequences and Y-chromosome biallelic polymorphisms, focusing on the fine dissection of haplogroups E and R, which are the most prevalent in North Africa and Europe respectively. The Eurasian component in Algeria reached 80% for mtDNA and 90% for Y-chromosome. However, within them, the North African genetic component for mtDNA (U6 and M1; 20% is significantly smaller than the paternal (E-M81 and E-V65; 70%. The unexpected presence of the European-derived Y-chromosome lineages R-M412, R-S116, R-U152 and R-M529 in Algeria and the rest of the Maghreb could be the counterparts of the mtDNA H1, H3 and V subgroups, pointing to direct maritime contacts between the European and North African sides of the western Mediterranean. Female influx of sub-Saharan Africans into Algeria (20% is also significantly greater than the male (10%. In spite of these sexual asymmetries, the Algerian uniparental profiles faithfully correlate between each other and with the geography.

Découper le Maghreb: deux géographies coloniales antagonistes (1902-1937

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Florence Deprest

2008-11-01

Full Text Available Entre les dernières années du XIXe siècle et la fin de l’entre-deux-guerres, Augustin Bernard et Émile-Félix Gautier sont en lutte pour le monopole de la compétence scientifique dans le domaine de la géographie universitaire nord-africaine. Leur compétition institutionnelle se double d’un affrontement idéologique concernant la politique coloniale en Algérie. À partir de l’analyse de quelques-unes de leurs principales œuvres publiées entre 1902 et 1937, l’auteur se propose de montrer comment les positions dans les champs universitaire et politique orientent les savoirs géographiques produits par les deux hommes, et tout particulièrement leurs conceptions du découpage de l’espace régional maghrébin.

Latin America’s Los Turcos: Geographic Aspects of Levantine and Maghreb Diasporas

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Aaron Moore

2013-01-01

Full Text Available Los turcos en América Latina comprenden un grupo étnico, cultural y re­ligioso diverso de inmigrantes en la región. A pesar del éxito y la visibilidad de este grupo y su número en muchos países de América Latina, la investigación sobre estos descendientes de los pueblos del Medio Oriente, ha sido sorprendentemente carente en algunas áreas. Este documento, elabora­do a partir de la mayoría de la literatura disponible, examina las similitudes entre ellos, lo cual ayudó a diferenciarlos más de los del Medio Oriente, no solo de las poblaciones de nativos, sino también de otros inmigrantes a América Latina, pues persiste la incorrecta etiqueta de “turco” para señalar a una supuesta minoría étnica y como un marcador cultural compartido por varios subgrupos. En este trabajo también se analiza el registro de los turcos en varios países (Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Honduras. El documento pone de relieve aspectos importantes de la experiencia de este grupo, como parte de la diáspora de Oriente Medio en América Latina.

La manipulation du genre dans les pratiques discriminatoires

OpenAIRE

Delphy, Christine

2010-01-01

La constitution de castes raciales en France a commencé avec la colonisation de l’Afrique par la France au XIXe siècle. Dans le cas de la colonisation du Maghreb, le genre a joué un rôle éminent dans la nécessaire dépréciation des colonisés. La France du XXIe siècle refuse d’intégrer les descendants des immigrés et ex‑colonisés nord‑africains ; elle les constitue en caste inférieure et héréditaire définie par des traits culturels quasiment génétiques, et pour justifier ce traitement utilise u...

The situation of environment in the world; L`etat de l`environnement dans le monde

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Beaud, M; Beaud, C; Larbi Bouguerra, M [Groupe de Vezelay, 89 Vezelay (France)

1994-12-31

To understand and to act to protect the Earth planet, this work suggests for the first time, a complete diagnosis of the situation and formulates priorities to face to futures. A survey of damages, of risks and responsibilities: resources squandering, pollutions, ozone layer attack, greenhouse effect, nuclear threat, reduction of biological variety. Inventory of fixtures: industrialized countries, (North America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia), countries marked by planned economy (Eastern Europe, ex USSR, China), old Third World countries (Asia, Middle East, Maghreb, Africa, South America, South Pacific) without forgetting Arctic, Antarctic and oceans. Convictions and values to act: energies, tacks to reverse trends, propositions of humanists replies to that historical challenge. (N.C.)

Latin-american and maghrebian women migratory process and psychological adjustment: from a gender point of view

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Edurne Elgorriaga

2013-02-01

Full Text Available This study examines the migratory process and psychological adjustment of immigrant women currently residing in the Basque Country. Perceived stress is analyzed in relationship with relevant psychosocial variables from a gender perspective.The sample consisted of 206 immigrant women, proceeding from Latin America (61.2% and Maghreb (38.8%.The participants’ self-assessment of migratory and well-beingwas in overall positive, however, the diffi culties derived from thisprocess, and the migratory changes, infl uence the psychologicaladjustment of immigrant women.Results revealed that perceived stress is affected by the migratory process, educational level, residential status, and the balance of their situation, the elements crossed by factors asgender and/or cultural origin.

Cressier Patrice, Fierro Maribel, Molina Luis (ed., Los Almohades : problemas y perspectivas, Madrid, Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, 2005 (Estudios árabes e islámicos : monografías, 11, 2 vol., 1 230 p.

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Dominique Valérian

2009-09-01

Full Text Available En réunissant les actes de trois séminaires organisés entre 2000 et 2002 à la Casa de Velázquez de Madrid sur les Almohades, ce volumineux ouvrage entend faire le point sur les « problèmes et perspectives » de l’histoire de ce qui fut à la fois un mouvement idéologique et religieux, une dynastie et un empire qui marquèrent profondément l’histoire du Maghreb médiéval. Un de ses mérites est de rassembler, autour de cette période charnière, historiens, philologues, archéologues, historiens de l’...

Portugal's Petrogal eyes expansion amid continuing privatization

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1995-01-01

Portugal's recently privatized state oil company Petrogal is about to embark on a major expansion worldwide. That comes against the backdrop of major change in Portugal's energy sector and the rocky road to Petrogal's partial privatization. Despite the controversy, there remain opportunities for foreign companies investing in Portugal's energy sector. The most attractive opportunities are in Portugal's downstream petroleum sector and in the country's continuing campaign to develop its natural gas industry. Typical of the latter is Portugal's participation in the Trans-Maghreb gas pipeline megaproject. The paper discusses the background to privatization, its current status, Petrogal strategy, modernization of refineries, a joint partnership with Venezuela, constraints, energy policy program, gas pipeline privatization, and concerns of the gas industry

[Consanguineous marriage and morbi-mortality, short literature review based on an exceptional association: Usher syndrome and Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis].

Science.gov (United States)

Atipo-Tsiba, Pépin-Williams

2016-01-01

Usher syndrome is defined by the association of a progressive or non-progressive congenital sensorineural hearing loss with variable severity and a gradually blinding pigmentary retinopathy. Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis or Neurofibromatosis type 1 is the major clinically form of neurofibromatosis which occurs in approximately 90% of cases. Both types of disease are genetic in origin with very low prevalence. The probability of co-occurrence of these diseases in a single individual is exceptional. Inbreeding, as well as all genetic diseases, increases quite significantly the probability of their occurrence. Consanguineous marriages are still widespread in Maghreb and in some regions of the western African. This observation reports an exceptional case of this association in a 40-year-old man of Mauritanian origin born from a consanguineous union.

Land Degradation States and Trends in the Northwestern Maghreb Drylands, 1998–2008

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Gabriel del Barrio

2016-07-01

Full Text Available States of ecological maturity and temporal trends of drylands in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia north of 28°N are reported for 1998–2008. The input data were Normalized Difference Vegetation Index databases and corresponding climate fields, at a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of one month. States convey opposing dynamics of human exploitation and ecological succession. They were identified synchronically for the full period by comparing each location to all other locations in the study area under equivalent aridity. Rain Use Efficiency (RUE at two temporal scales was used to estimate proxies for biomass and turnover rate. Biomass trends were determined for every location by stepwise regression using time and aridity as predictors. This enabled human-induced degradation to be separated from simple responses to interannual climate variation. Some relevant findings include large areas of degraded land, albeit improving over time or fluctuating with climate, but rarely degrading further; smaller, but significant areas of mature and reference vegetation in most climate zones; very low overall active degradation rates throughout the area during the decade observed; biomass accumulation over time exceeding depletion in most zones; and negative feedback between land states and trends suggesting overall landscape persistence. Semiarid zones were found to be the most vulnerable. Those results can be disaggregated by country or province. The combination with existing land cover maps and national forest inventories leads to the information required by the two progress indicators associated with the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification strategic objective to improve the conditions of ecosystems and with the Sustainable Development Goal Target 15.3 to achieve land degradation neutrality. Beyond that, the results are also useful as a basis for land management and restoration.

Land Degradation States and Trends in the Northwestern Maghreb Drylands, 1998–2008

OpenAIRE

Gabriel del Barrio; Maria E. Sanjuan; Azziz Hirche; Mohamed Yassin; Alberto Ruiz; Mohamed Ouessar; Jaime Martinez Valderrama; Bouajila Essifi; Juan Puigdefabregas

2016-01-01

States of ecological maturity and temporal trends of drylands in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia north of 28°N are reported for 1998–2008. The input data were Normalized Difference Vegetation Index databases and corresponding climate fields, at a spatial resolution of 1 km and a temporal resolution of one month. States convey opposing dynamics of human exploitation and ecological succession. They were identified synchronically for the full period by comparing each location to all other locations...

Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM): An Al-Qaeda Affiliate Case Study

Science.gov (United States)

2017-10-27

of AQIM by Phase .............................................................................................. 10 Phase one: Prehistory (1991–2003...10 Evolution of AQIM by Phase Phase one: Prehistory (1991–2003) During the 1990s, Algeria experienced a civil war following the military’s

Rubis: an international strategy; Rubis: une strategie internationale

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Anon.

2000-01-01

In less than 4 years, the Rubis group moved from a role of a regional LPG distributor in North-Eastern France to a multinational company working in Europe, in the Maghreb and along the African East Coast. After a first acquisition in Morocco in 1997 with the setup of Lasfargaz (see article on its mounded storage in this issue), and following the take-over in 1998 and 1999 of IPEM in Italy, the group reinforces its positions in the Peninsula by acquiring Autogaz Meridionale (a marketer representing some 61,000 t/yr). Thus, Italy becomes the first development pole for Rubis. Meanwhile, the group is launching its activities in Madagascar, while stepping ahead in France. Overall, the Rubis group will sell some 500 000 t in 2000. (authors)

Petroleum and natural gas economy in Arab countries and in Congo, Gabon, Iran, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Sudan

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1993-01-01

This paper gives informations on petroleum and natural gas industry, petroleum market and prices, trade and contracts, prospection and production. In Algeria, the american company Bechtel will lay the algerian piece of the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline. In Saudi Arabia, Agip has signed a contract for the production and the distribution of lubricating oils and programmes of 28 milliards $ are started for the development of petroleum and petrochemical industries. Petroleum production has reached in 692000 barrels per day in 1992 in Oman, 40000 barrels per day in Masila oil field (Yemen). In Kuwait, the next petroleum production for the year 1993/1994 is estimated to 1.8 million barrels per day. In Iran, petrochemical plant of Arak has been inaugurated: the plant has a capacity of 240000 tons per year for the cracking of ethylene

Pratique de la science sociale au maghreb: l'approche intercontextuelle de la modernité

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Z. Samandi

2002-12-01

Full Text Available L'étude pose le problème du statut scientifique de la pratique du chercheur en science sociale dans les contextes non producteurs de savoir. Comment opérer avec des formes de savoir produites ailleurs? Telle est la question que nous avons essayé de décrypter à travers les débats développés, d'une part par les sociologues arabes et, d'autre part l'approche mise en œuvre par Arkoun, Djaït et El Jabri dans leur analyse des réalités arabo-musulmanes. Le traitement de la raison tel qu'il se donne à voir à travers les démarches examinées met au jour la pertinence de la médiation contextuelle qui ne peut se réduire à un simple transfert des outils d'analyse. L'intercontextualité comme pratique est de la sorte induite par le travers de décontextualisation-recontextualisation opéré à l'intérieur du champ de la recherche. Elle est inscrite en creux dans l'exercice d'analyse et se présente à la fois comme dimension épistémologique et herméneutique.

Why Failing Terrorist Groups Persist: The Case of Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-01

and Nigeria in the South). As an AQ franchise organization their goals now include attacking western interests within the Sahel.10 Lastly, AQIM...concerning NEA. 317 Official, interview concerning NEA. 318 Official, interview concerning NEA 76 open society and encouraged entrepreneurship as...focused on criminal entrepreneurship than the AQIM Islamist ideology.359 The Joint Staff does not see an end to AQIM without a significant change in

[Cultural aspects in depression masked by psychotic symptoms in Maghreb countries: three case reports].

Science.gov (United States)

Zouari, N; Aloulou, J; Siala, M; Ben Mahmoud, S; Zouari, L; Maalej, M

2010-12-01

In this study, we will describe three observations of depression "masked" by persecution delirium and/or hallucinations, to illustrate the role that the cultural factor could play in the expression and care of depression. In the first two observations, the persecutor was a group that was apparently difficult to circumscribe: the persecution appeared more important than the persecutor. In these two cases, persecution also had a depreciating role for the patient. In the third observation, the hallucinatory manifestations cast a slur on self-esteem and caused narcissistic injury. Analysis of the cultural context allows us to understand the depressive significance of such psychotic symptoms. In the traditional societies, depression is strongly related to the cultural context, it is often expressed by the fear of being punished or denied by the group, and a feeling of treason towards the community. The punishment can be direct or indirect, carried out by imaginary beings, "the djinn", or by any disease. According to Freud, the guilt is expressed by the fear of the vengeance of a dead man's spirit, which is then going to persecute the culprit. This persecution, which has a value of punishment, is based on the mechanism of the projection. In the same sense, Freud explained that the death, as a sequel of the disease, is the vengeance of the dead man's spirit in the living. In all religions, the impulses, the thoughts disapproved by the community, are attributed to Satan who etymologically means "the enemy" or "the opponent". This latter plays an important role in relieving fears, the sense of guilt and the disapproved thoughts. There is also involvement of the projection mechanism. So, guilt could be expressed by delirious ideas such as the conviction of being the victim of a demonic possession, to be under a spell or to be persecuted. Thus, taking the cultural context into account would allow us to fundamentally understand the depressive meaning of the delirious symptomatology of persecution, which is taken from a popular theory of misfortune shared and validated by the familial and the social circle of acquaintances. Plantine postulates that the psychotic conflict takes the subject away from the standards of his own culture. In the case of our three patients, we should try to establish a form of communication, to prevent them from falling into alienation. Thus, we must think about our attitude facing a patient who is diagnosed as depressed or even psychotic, while the patient believes he/she is possessed by a "Djinn". The therapeutic attitude should be adapted to the cultural dimension of the case. Thus, in situations similar to the studied cases, the therapy should be essentially based on the development of a psychotherapeutic relationship, rather than a pharmacotherapy, one should be careful not to compromise the cultural means of restoring psychic disorders such as the traditional therapy. Copyright © 2010 L'Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Contribution to the knowledge of Moroccan and Maghrebin stoneflies (Plecoptera).

Science.gov (United States)

Errochdi, Sanae; Alami, Majida El; Vinçon, Gilles; Abdaoui, Abdelali; Ghamizi, Mohamed

2014-07-16

An overview of Moroccan stoneflies is presented as an annotated summary of published and unpublished records from 115 localities. These records have resulted in an updated species list reflecting taxonomic corrections and noteworthy range extensions for several species. A total of 28 species, belonging to 15 genera and seven families, is now known from Morocco with the greatest diversity found in the Rif Mountains (23 species) and the lowest in eastern Morocco with three species. The majority of Moroccan stoneflies are typical Mediterranean species (86%). The Moroccan endemics comprise nine species (32% of the Moroccan fauna). The Plecoptera fauna of Morocco is compared to that of Algeria and Tunisia. Thirty-eight stonefly species are reported from the entire Maghreb region. Protonemura khroumiriensis Béjaoui & Boumaïza, 2009 is considered a synonym of P. drahamensis Vinçon & Pardo, 2006.

Introduction of Nuclear Power in Mauritania

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Energy Department Republic of South Africa

2010-01-01

The Atomic Law was adopted in December 2009 and National Authority of Regulation is underway. Political statement to start a nuclear power programme in a regional level (Maghreb and West Africa) was released. Inter-ministerial committee (IMC) on Energy issues presents a monthly report and follows Nuclear activities (Uranium mining, waste, etc.). IMC coordinates the strategies and policies (NP, RES, REP, etc.) and supervises Uranium exploration / exploitation. Atomic Authority of Regulation will be put in place before the end of the year 2010 to handle the following issues: Regulation, Security, Protection, Cooperation advisor, Assessment of NP program and Action plan on national, regional and international levels. The next plan is to validate the Nuclear Power development strategy contained into Electricity Master Plan. The potential existing workforce for phase 1: ~10 high graduate nuclear scientists + 20 abroad (France, USA, UK)

Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of holocene population and environmental change.

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Paul C Sereno

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: Approximately two hundred human burials were discovered on the edge of a paleolake in Niger that provide a uniquely preserved record of human occupation in the Sahara during the Holocene ( approximately 8000 B.C.E. to the present. Called Gobero, this suite of closely spaced sites chronicles the rapid pace of biosocial change in the southern Sahara in response to severe climatic fluctuation. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two main occupational phases are identified that correspond with humid intervals in the early and mid-Holocene, based on 78 direct AMS radiocarbon dates on human remains, fauna and artifacts, as well as 9 OSL dates on paleodune sand. The older occupants have craniofacial dimensions that demonstrate similarities with mid-Holocene occupants of the southern Sahara and Late Pleistocene to early Holocene inhabitants of the Maghreb. Their hyperflexed burials compose the earliest cemetery in the Sahara dating to approximately 7500 B.C.E. These early occupants abandon the area under arid conditions and, when humid conditions return approximately 4600 B.C.E., are replaced by a more gracile people with elaborated grave goods including animal bone and ivory ornaments. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The principal significance of Gobero lies in its extraordinary human, faunal, and archaeological record, from which we conclude the following: The early Holocene occupants at Gobero (7700-6200 B.C.E. were largely sedentary hunter-fisher-gatherers with lakeside funerary sites that include the earliest recorded cemetery in the Sahara.Principal components analysis of craniometric variables closely allies the early Holocene occupants at Gobero with a skeletally robust, trans-Saharan assemblage of Late Pleistocene to mid-Holocene human populations from the Maghreb and southern Sahara.Gobero was abandoned during a period of severe aridification possibly as long as one millennium (6200-5200 B.C.E.More gracile humans arrived in the mid

L’extension africaine en Europe méridionale: le Solutréen

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Marcel Otte

2013-11-01

Full Text Available La vaste civilisation atérienne occupait l’ensemble du Sahara actuel, entre le Nil, le Sénégal et le Maghreb durant des dizaines de millénaires. Son outillage est bien connu, et il tend à s'alléger dans ses phases récentes au nord-ouest (Maroc actuel. Désormais, un art rigoureusement paléolithique est connu en Haute-Égypte, daté entre 18 et 23000 BP (Huyge, 2013. Ses canons stylistiques sont identiques à ceux des rares sites solutréens ibériques, précisément au moment où les industries bifaciales y pénètrent sous la forme dite de "Solutréen Moyen". Les phases proto-solutréennes, rassemblées sous ce vocable, appartiennent en fait aux variantes gravettiennes, issues d'Europe Centrale et furent mal interprétées. Dans son extension européenne, le Solutréen forme une cassure manifeste, tranchant sur l'histoire de notre continent. Limité à sa partie extrêmement occidentale, il disparaît rapidement dès que les Gravettiens finaux adoptent les modes de vie et les valeurs appropriées vers l'extension et le développement magdalénien.The vast Aterian civilization occupied the entire area of the modern Sahara,between the Nile, the Senegal and the Maghreb during tens of thousands of years. Its tools arewell known, which tend to become smaller and lighter during the later phases in theNorthwest (modern Morocco. Rigorously Paleolithic art is now known from this period inUpper Egypt, dating prior to 23,000 BP (Huyge 2013. Its stylistic patterns are identical tothose of rare sites attributed to definitive Solutrean in Iberia, specifically when bifacialindustries arrived as the "Middle Solutrean". The Proto-Solutrean phases grouped under thisterm in fact belong to Gravettian variants coming from Central Europe and were incorrectlyinterpreted. During its European expansion, the Solutrean creates a clear break in theprehistory of Europe. Limited in its extremely western part, it rapidly disappeared when thelast Gravettians adopted

Indicadores de salud reproductiva y perinatal en mujeres inmigrantes y autóctonas residentes en Cataluña y en la Comunitat Valenciana (2005-2006 Reproductive and perinatal health indicators in immigrant and Spanish-born women in Catalonia and Valencia (2005-2006

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Isabel Río

2010-04-01

Full Text Available Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de nacimientos de madres adolescentes, de prematuridad y de bajo peso al nacer en mujeres españolas e inmigrantes originarias de Latinoamérica, Europa del Este, Magreb y África Subsahariana, residentes en Cataluña y en la Comunitat Valenciana, durante los años 2005 y 2006. Métodos: A partir de los datos proporcionados por los registros de metabolopatías de ambas comunidades autónomas, se obtuvieron las proporciones y sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95% de: 1 madres menores de 20 años, 2 neonatos prematuros (Objectives: To determine the prevalence of teenage maternity, preterm birth and low birth weight in Spanish and immigrant mothers from Latin America, eastern Europe, Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa resident in Catalonia and Valencia from 2005 and 2006. Methods: Using data from congenital metabolic disorders registers in both regions, proportions and 95% confidence intervals were obtained for the following: 1 mothers aged less than 20 years; 2 preterm (<37 weeks and very preterm (<32 weeks births; and 3 low birth weight (<2500g and very low birth weight (<1500g neonates. The calculations were performed for mothers from each of the geographical areas of origin (Spain, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Maghreb and Sub-Sahara. These proportions were compared in Spanish-born and immigrant women and the significance of differences was assessed using chi-squared tests. Results: The prevalence of teenage mothers was between three and five times higher in immigrants than in Spanish women, the highest rate being found in women from eastern Europe. Preterm births, very preterm births and very low birth weight were more frequent in eastern European women than in Spanish women. The prevalence of prematurity and very low birth weight was higher in sub-Saharan mothers than in Spanish women. Conclusions: The number of births in teenage mothers was higher in immigrant mothers from all origins than in

Editorial Retour sur le 2ème Congrès International de la Société Algérienne de Nutrition ème [Return on the 2th International Congress of the Algerian Society of Nutrition

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Malika BOUCHENAK

2015-04-01

Full Text Available Le 2ème Congrès International de la Société Algérienne de Nutrition s'est tenu à Alger, du 13 au 15 octobre 2015. Il a connu un succès encore plus important que la 1 édition, avec plus de 350 congressistes venus de différentes régions d'Algérie, du Maghreb et d'Europe. La thématique principale portait sur l'Alimentation Méditerranéenne et la Santé ainsi que la valorisation des produits méditerranéens, D'autres aspects ont été abordés tels que l'alimentation, la nutrition et la santé, les physiopathologies métaboliques et nutritionnelles dont les maladies non transmissibles, les composés bioactifs et la santé et la phytothérapie et la santé.

Promoting ergonomics in Algeria: activities of "the research and training laboratory" in the University of Oran.

Science.gov (United States)

Mebarki, Bouhafs; El-Bachir, Tebboune Cheikh

2012-01-01

The growing need in Algeria to develop ergonomics knowledge and practice in industry was behind the initiative to develop a training and research project within the ergonomics laboratory at Oran University. Since 2005 the laboratory team is running an academic option master in work design and ergonomics. The evaluation of the academic master in 2010 revealed the acute need of the local industry for professional competences in ergonomic and work psychology. A professional training master program in "ergonomics & work psychology" was then developed in partnership with local industry, five European Universities and six Universities from three Maghreb countries. Research projects were initiated around the two training programs, in conjunction with a number of ergonomics dissemination and promotion activities. Preliminary results of the project are presented and discussed in relation to the local context, and in the light of similar cases in Industrially Developing Countries.

Al Qaeda in the Lands of the Islamic Maghreb. A History of Algeria 1952 - 2009

Science.gov (United States)

2011-04-01

economy and the population. Algeria’s industrial base lingered and unemployment soared through the early 1980s. A disenchanted population would...known as Abu Moss 34 Rabasa, Ang Monica, CA. 2006. Pg 125 35 Boudali, Lianne. “The GSPC; Newest Franchise in Al Qa’ida’s Global Jihad” Combating

The Maghreb in front of new world challenges. The Sonatrach: a state within the State?

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Malti, Hocine

2013-07-01

In this study, the author proposes an analysis of the role and status of the Sonatrach, the Algerian oil company. He proposes a history of this company, identifies and discusses the political and economic roles assigned to this company by the different Algerian governments since its creation, fifty years ago. He also analyses the level of independence or autonomy with respect to the political power awarded to the Sonatrach by the different regimes, from Boumediene to Bouteflika. In other words, the author aims at showing and at assessing to which extent the Sonatrach has been and still is a state within the State, and even could be the State itself. It appears that the Sonatrach is within the hands of rival centres of power, and that the struggle between these centres has affected the stability of the company

Climate change mitigation in Africa

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Mackenzie, G A; Turkson, J K; Davidson, O R [eds.

1998-10-01

The UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment (UCCEE) in conjunction with the Southern Centre for Energy and Environment (SCEE) hosted a conference on `Climate Change Mitigation in Africa` between 18 and 20 May. The Conference set out to address the following main objectives: to present to a wider audience the results of UNEP/GEF and related country studies; to present results of regional mitigation analysis; exchange of information with similar projects in the region; to expose countries to conceptual and methodological issues related to climate change mitigation; to provide input to national development using climate change related objectives. This volume contains reports of the presentations and discussions, which took place at the conference at Victoria Falls between 18 and 20 May 1998. Representatives of 11 country teams made presentations and in addition two sub-regions were discussed: the Maghreb region and SADC. The conference was attended by a total of 63 people, representing 22 African countries as well as international organisations. (EG)

Climate change mitigation in Africa

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Mackenzie, G.A.; Turkson, J.K.; Davidson, O.R.

1998-10-01

The UNEP Collaborating Centre on Energy and Environment (UCCEE) in conjunction with the Southern Centre for Energy and Environment (SCEE) hosted a conference on 'Climate Change Mitigation in Africa' between 18 and 20 May. The Conference set out to address the following main objectives: to present to a wider audience the results of UNEP/GEF and related country studies; to present results of regional mitigation analysis; exchange of information with similar projects in the region; to expose countries to conceptual and methodological issues related to climate change mitigation; to provide input to national development using climate change related objectives. This volume contains reports of the presentations and discussions, which took place at the conference at Victoria Falls between 18 and 20 May 1998. Representatives of 11 country teams made presentations and in addition two sub-regions were discussed: the Maghreb region and SADC. The conference was attended by a total of 63 people, representing 22 African countries as well as international organisations. (EG)

Economic strategy of Arab to cope with EC unification; Establishment of blocks for economic unification. EC togo o niranda Arab keizai senryaku; Keizai togo e no block ka gensho

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Matsumoto, Hideki (The Inst. of energy Economics, Tokyo (Japan))

1990-01-01

The agreement of the Arab Coopration Council (ACC) mentions the final aim of achieving the common market type economic unification by promoting economic cooperation within the area. All the ACC member nations are facing economical difficulties, and are in need of outside financial help. ACC was followed by the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU). The AMU is giving priority to the economic cooperation and cooperative projects within the area seeking tangible advantages, and its distinguishing characters and aims are analyzed. The accumulated debt problem of the AMU member nations is as serious as that of the ACC. The births of the ACC and AMU mean that the Arab world became a tripolar structure together with the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) established in 1981. The desire for the estblishment of Arab common market is common for the ACC, AMU and GCC. Problems confronting the GCC, ACC and AMU are described. 11 refs., 2 figs., 11 tabs.

East Africa, an oil geopolitics at high risk

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auge, Benjamin

2012-11-01

As the Sub-Saharan African oil production has been concentrated in the Guinea Gulf countries since the 1950's, as this region remains the main African oil producer (Maghreb excluded), and as new discoveries has been made in Uganda in 2006 and exploration has been extended to neighbouring countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Mozambique), this report first questions the situation of the exploration of the Albert Lake by proposing an overview of intervening actors, by commenting the political use of the debate about oil, by commenting the situation on the Congolese side of the lake, and by commenting how the lake is shared between Uganda and the Republic of Congo. In the next part, the author discusses the use and future of the Ugandan oil by outlining the role of the Essar company in the regional refining, and by evoking projects of regional pipelines. The last part addresses the status of exploration in other East African countries (Kenya, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Tanzania, Mozambique)

Cenozoic intra-plate magmatism in the Darfur volcanic province: mantle source, phonolite-trachyte genesis and relation to other volcanic provinces in NE Africa

Science.gov (United States)

Lucassen, Friedrich; Pudlo, Dieter; Franz, Gerhard; Romer, Rolf L.; Dulski, Peter

2013-01-01

Chemical and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of Late Cenozoic to Quaternary small-volume phonolite, trachyte and related mafic rocks from the Darfur volcanic province/NW-Sudan have been investigated. Isotope signatures indicate variable but minor crustal contributions. Some phonolitic and trachytic rocks show the same isotopic composition as their primitive mantle-derived parents, and no crustal contributions are visible in the trace element patterns of these samples. The magmatic evolution of the evolved rocks is dominated by crystal fractionation. The Si-undersaturated strongly alkaline phonolite and the Si-saturated mildly alkaline trachyte can be modelled by fractionation of basanite and basalt, respectively. The suite of basanite-basalt-phonolite-trachyte with characteristic isotope signatures from the Darfur volcanic province fits the compositional features of other Cenozoic intra-plate magmatism scattered in North and Central Africa (e.g., Tibesti, Maghreb, Cameroon line), which evolved on a lithosphere that was reworked or formed during the Neoproterozoic.

[Reappearance of soft chancre: comments on the current epidemic in Paris (author's transl)].

Science.gov (United States)

Civatte, J; Belaich, S; Bonvalet, D; Vallet, C; Broissin, M

1980-01-01

A total of 678 cases of soft chancre were treated in one hospital between 1973 and 1979. The majority of the patients were males (97 p. cent), and most of them came originally from Maghreb or Black Africa. Contamination was from prostitution (61 p. cent) or chance acquaintances (29 p. cent). The genital ulceration was often clinically atypical, frequently syphiloid; pain was present in only 59 p. cent of cases, and adenopathy, noted in 63 p. cent of patients, had the appearance of an inflammatory bubo in only 23 p. cent. The present high frequency of soft chancres, and their misleading clinical characteristics, makes it sometimes difficult to establish the clinical differential diagnosis from syphilitic chancre, but confirmation of the latter is supplied by direct examination and culture to search for Ducreys bacillus, this being indispensable for establishing the correct diagnosis. Treatment with sulfamethoxazole trimethopin or streptomycin prevents complications and cures the affection in one or two weeks.

Spain and the Western Sahara: the Political Party Dimension

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Jordi Vaquer i Fanés

2007-12-01

Full Text Available Since the Spanish army’s hasty withdrawal from Western Sahara in 1975, the two main parties since Spain acquired its democracy have differed over what stance should be taken with respect to the Sahara issue. The aim of this article is to establish to what extentthis is the result of the opposing government/opposition dynamic and how far it is a result of the parties’ own stances, by analysing the evolution of their attitudes and approaches with respect to the Sahara issue. The hypothesis is that the Spanish parties’ position with respect to Algeria and Morocco was initially very much determined by their view of the Sahara issue, but that there has been an inversion of this attitude. Thus at present, opposing stances on the Sahara issue are mainly the result of different views on Spain’s interests in the Maghreb region and, above all, of different ideas about which country Morocco or Algeria should benefit most from bilateral relations.

Shale gas in Algeria: a new disaster for the population, a new income for its government

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

2014-10-01

After having outlined that the access to information on activities and projects of companies committed in the exploration and exploitation of non conventional hydrocarbons is generally very difficult in European countries, and that opacity is almost absolute in Maghreb countries, the authors try to shed a light on these activities in Algeria. They first outline that Total and GDF-Suez are both giant gas companies which are well settled in Algeria, and that Europe and France are top clients of Algeria as far as gas is concerned. They also notice that, as authorized by a new law and in reference with announced reserves, negotiations will take place between the Sonatrach (the public Algerian oil and gas company) and international firms. They finally briefly outline the various environmental threats associated with this exploitation (threat on agriculture, water pollution), and notices that, even though it somehow supports these activities, Europe is saying that it supports a Mediterranean sustainable development

Petroleum and natural gas economy in Arab Countries, in Angola, Iran, Nigeria, Tanzania and Zaire

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Anon.

1993-01-01

This paper gives informations on petroleum and natural gas industry, petroleum market and prices, trade and contracts, prospection and production. The possible return of Iraq on the petroleum market has an influence on petroleum prices. In Algeria, Sonatrach will deliver 2.5 milliards m 3 to Portugal through the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline. In Tunisia, a petroleum exploration permit has been attributed to Atlantic Richfield Company and Miskar natural gas field would come into production in 1995. In Saudi Arabia, Saudi Aramco has bought all the petroleum refining and distribution interests of the Saudi Arabian Marketing and Refining Company and Petromin Company and now Saudi Aramco is become a national integrated petroleum company. Petroleum exploration is going on in Caspian sea (Iran), six new oil fields have come into production in the Deir ez-Zor and Ash Sham permits (Syria) and petroleum exploration contracts have been signed in Angola, Nigeria and Zaire. In Egypt, the growth of natural gas consumption gives an indication upon the future growing deficit

Incidence and severity of scorpion stings in Algeria

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Y Laïd

2012-01-01

Full Text Available Scorpion stings are a public health problem in the Maghreb region. In Algeria, epidemiological data were collected over the past twenty years by the Algerian health authorities. This study is an analysis of morbidity and mortality data collected from 2001 to 2010. Annual incidence and mortality due to scorpion envenoming were 152 ± 3.6 stings and 0.236 ± 0.041 deaths per 100,000 people (95% CI, respectively. The risk of being stung by a scorpion was dramatically higher in southern areas and central highlands due to environmental conditions. Incidence of envenoming was especially higher in the adult population, and among young males. In contrast, mortality was significantly higher among children under 15 years, particularly ages 1-4. Upper limbs were more often affected than lower limbs. Most stings occurred at night, indoors and during the summer. Data collected since 2001 showed a reduction of mortality by nearly 50%, suggesting that the medical care defined by the national anti-scorpion project is bearing fruit.

Le Hodna occidental entre régions méditerranéennes et plaines désertiques : organisation des terroirs, communautés rurales et productions agricoles au Moyen Âge

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Mohamed Meouak

2012-12-01

Full Text Available Les objectifs de notre contribution reposent sur deux axes méthodologiques précis : proposer une lecture critique des sources arabes et offrir un tableau précis des terroirs du Hodna occidental, région située entre la Kabylie maritime et les zones désertiques du Maghreb central à l'époque médiévale. Dans un premier temps, nous concentrerons nos efforts sur les lieux d'activités des communautés rurales afin d'établir un inventaire des diverses structures de peuplement. Dans une deuxième partie, il sera question des principaux aspects de l'organisation tribale comme moteur du peuplement rural dans le Hodna occidental avec la présence fondamentale de groupes arabes, tribus berbères et autres « étrangers ». Enfin dans une troisième et dernière étape, nous essaierons de dresser un tableau des paysages agraires et des productions agricoles en mettant l'accent notamment sur la gestion des espaces agricoles.

Sur les pistes de la mondialisation

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Jean-Christophe Gay

2006-07-01

Full Text Available Premier sport olympique, l’athlétisme est un des sports les plus mondialisés, mais l’analyse des résultats complets des championnats du monde permet de constater de fortes disparités entre États. De bipolaire, au temps de la Guerre froide, la localisation de l’excellence athlétique a évolué pour devenir multipolaire, avec l’émergence de foyers remarquables, tels l’Afrique de l’Est ou le Maghreb, à côté des traditionnels foyers européen et nord-américain, berceau de ce sport. Une analyse par familles de disciplines (sprint, demi-fond et fond, lancers permet de constater des résultats très contrastés. Les grands principes de cette division du travail athlétique à l’échelle mondiale sont expliqués. La mobilité des athlètes ou le jeu des naturalisations constituent d’autres aspects de la mondialisation de l’athlétisme.

Comparative Study for Evaluation of Mass Flow Rate for Simple Solar Still and Active with Heat Pump

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Hidouri Khaoula

2017-07-01

Full Text Available In isolated and arid areas, especially in the almost Maghreb regions, the abundant solar radiation intensity along the year and the available brackish water resources are the two favorable conditions for using solar desalination technology to produce fresh water. The present study is based on the use of three groups of correlation, for evaluating mass transfer. Theoretical results are compared with those obtained experimentally for a Simple Solar Distiller (SSD and a Simple Solar Distiller Hybrid with a Heat Pump (SSDHP stills. Experimental results and those calculated by Lewis number correlation show good agreements. Results obtained by Dunkle, Kumar and Tiwari correlations are not satisfactory with the experimental ones. Theoretical results, as well as statistical analysis, are presented. The model with heat pump ( for two configurations (111 and (001 give more output compared with the model without heat pump ((000 and (110. This results where agree for the use of the statistic results, the error it less with Lewis number as compared with the different correlation.

Thermal comfort requirements in hot dry regions with special reference to Riyadh Part 2: for Friday prayer

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Saeed, S.A.R. [King Saud University, Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Dept. of Architecture and Building Science

1996-01-01

This study is an attempt to define thermal comfort requirements for Friday prayer during the hot season of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. According to Islam, a Muslim should perform his prayers five times a day. The obligatory five prayers are Subuh prayer immediately before dawn, Thohor prayer in the afternoon, Assor prayer in late afternoon, Maghreb prayer immediately after sunset, and Ishaa prayer early evening. Generally, Muslims are encouraged to perform all five prayers in a mosque. Friday prayer that replaces Thohor prayer once a week, should take place in one of the main mosques of the neighbourhood. The mosque where Friday prayer could be performed is known as Friday mosque. Usually Friday prayer is attended by hundreds of worshippers and takes place in the afternoon. Since the summer of Riyadh is characterised by a very high temperature and a very low relative humidity, the indoor climate of the Friday mosque (Al-Masjed Al-Gamae) need a special study. This is the second part of a series of field investigations dealing with thermal comfort requirements in the hot-dry region of Saudi Arabia. (author)

Solar hydrogen energy: The European-Maghreb connection. A new way of excellence for a sustainable energy development

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Cherigui, Abdel-Nasser [Universite Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, BP 87, 38400 Saint-Martin-D' Heres (France); Mahmah, Bouziane; Harouadi, Farid; Belhamel, Maiouf; Chader, Samira; M' Raoui, Abdelhamid [Renewable Energy Development Centre, CDER, PO Box 62, Route de L' Observatoire, Celeste Valley, Bouzareah, 16340, Algiers (Algeria); Etievant, Claude [Compagnie Europeenne des Technologies de l' Hydrogene - CETH - Innov' Valley Entreprises, 91460 Marcoussis (France)

2009-06-15

The global sustainability is a key word of the future energy system for human beings. It should be friendly to our earth. Hydrogen energy is a critical resource to sustainable energy development. Over the coming decades, rapid economic growth will necessitate expanded and diversified energy supplies. This study is proposed to illustrate the attention to the opportunities and possibilities of connecting the energy consumer in North Mediterranean countries, to the reservoir of the Great Sahara of North Africa using hydrogen as a solar energy carrier. It also discusses cooperation between North Africa and north sides of the Mediterranean that has been going on for a long time, in oil and natural gas industry, and why cannot be done in solar hydrogen energy industry, which will reduce pollution and will last forever. Clearly, North Africa is a major bilateral partner with the Europe and the people of the two shares of the Mediterranean will be work together and to built strategic relationships for many decades. In the future, North Africa countries are well-positioned to play a greater role in the Europe clean energy equation. Demographically, interregional migration due to economic concerns will decline. Now, there are good chances to start such cooperation for the benefits of all partners. (author)

The Same, Yet Different: United States and Gulf State Interests in the Post-Arab Spring Maghreb (1Rev)

Science.gov (United States)

2017-02-01

literature (e.g., from academia, journalism, social media , government, and other open sources). We also engaged in semi-structured discussions with a... social , and/or economic upheaval. Morocco, the region’s only monarchy, is faring the best. Morocco reacted to the Arab Spring with a major...but also to deepen Gulf involvement in tourism , real estate, and other non-oil sectors such as industry and defense. There is particular interest

Le retour des hommes sur la scène méditerranéenne

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Jean-Robert Henry

2012-03-01

Full Text Available Absent for a long time from the institutions which try to give shape to the relationship between Europe and its south, the human dimension of Mediterranean relations returned to agenda thanks to the determination of the “illegal” migrants. Coming from Maghreb or sub-Saharan region, they established themselves as new actors of the regional game and showed to the European and national decision-makers the illusion of a closing of human borders of Europe. The necessity to go back to a free circulation of the persons and to take Mediterranean sea as a common human space, on the European model, is a claim formulated by more and more significant representatives of the society, as manifests the very clear advice of the euro-Mediterranean civil Forum of Marrakech in November 2006.This question is now reaching the European authorities, which put on agenda for 2007 a reflexion on the new migratory policy of Europe. In reality, the question jostles European plan itself and its relation to the outside world by making it necessary to chose between a model of the European fortress and the universalist utopia of a « Europe without shores ».

After the demise of luz: a first technology assessment and pre-feasibility study for segs technology in Spain

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Aringhoff, R.

1993-01-01

This paper gives an overview of activities planned for the next years since LUZ, the company which designed, built and operated the world's largest solar power plants, filed for bankruptcy towards the end of 1991. With some degree of certainty, there will be no new solar thermal trough collector power plant projects in nearest future in the California energy market. In order to avoid rupture of the technology development as well as not to loose track of the learning curve achieved with the nine projects in California, FLAGSOL is committed to concentrate on further project developments in Southern Europe and the Maghreb region. For the first time, a major European utility company, ENDESA, is interested in analysing the potential of trough collector technology for regional capacity increments in their supply area. In order to support further technology dissemination in high insolation areas, the leading Moroccan solar development agency CDER is willing to join this cooperation in order to evaluate SEGS technology potential for their own fast growing electricity demand as well as to analyse future prospects for an interconnected grid with Spain. (Author) 5 refs

Toleransi Keberagamaan Sekte Ibâdîyah Era Dinasti Rustamîyah

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Ahmad Choirul Rofiq

2014-08-01

Full Text Available Similar to any theological sect, the Kharijite has split into many smaller groups. Usually all these groups were characterized as extreme factions who used violence in the pursuit of their purposes. However, the factual evidence proved that there was Ibadite which was considered as the most moderate group. The Ibadites tend to avoid  extreme behaviour. Due to their moderation, they successively ascended to power. The example of their remarkable achievement was the Rustamid Dynasty in Maghreb from 160-296H (776-909AD. As far as the research is concerned, unfortunately, there is no comprehensive records on the Rustamid accomplishment. The Rustamids reigned their plural society with different backgrounds in ethnicity, nationality, and religion. By doing so, the Rustamids could generate harmonious life in the entire territory under their government. Besides, the Rustamids have achieved an extraordinary civilization. The Rustamid tolerance was based on their ideology. The moderate Ibadite doctrine inspired the Rustamids to become tolerant to their various people. Actually, Indonesians with their diversity could also achieve high civilization such as what the Rustamid has achieved in terms of religious tolerance.

Interspecific competition between alien and native congeneric species

Science.gov (United States)

Garcia-Serrano, H.; Sans, F. X.; Escarré, J.

2007-01-01

A good way to check hypotheses explaining the invasion of ecosystems by exotic plants is to compare alien and native congeneric species. To test the hypothesis that invasive alien plants are more competitive than natives, we designed a replacement series experiment to evaluate interspecific competition between three Senecio species representing the same bushy life form: two alien species ( S. inaequidens and S. pterophorus, both from South Africa) and a native species from the south-east of the Iberian Peninsula and Maghreb ( S. malacitanus). While S. inaequidens is widespread throughout western Europe and is expanding towards the south of Spanish-French border, the geographical distribution of the recently introduced S. pterophorus is still limited to north-eastern Spain. Plants from each species were grown in pure and in mixed cultures with one of their congeners, and water availability was manipulated to evaluate the effects of water stress on competitive abilities. Our results show that the alien S. inaequidens is the most competitive species for all water conditions. The native S. malacitanus is more competitive that the alien S. pterophorus in water stress conditions, but this situation is reversed when water availability is not limiting.

New Fractures, Old Wounds: Africa and the Renewal of South Agency Neue Brüche, alte Wunden: Afrika und die Erneuerung der South agency

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Carlos Lopes

2010-01-01

Full Text Available Africa has recently come to the forefront of world politics as part of the emerging South. Its increased prominence in the global discourse as a “new frontier of development” signals the recognition of its economic potential. Indeed, the continent has registered an average 5 per cent annual GDP growth rate over the past decade. However, there is more to the story than that: The rising profile of the African continent also reveals the growing role of a number of its countries in the emergence of a new South agency. It is argued that South–South cooperation is an opportunity. The discussion of the current situation in Africa understood as a continent in all its diversity including sub-Saharan Africa, but also the Maghreb and Egypt, will therefore be placed into this wider context. The renewal of a South agency witnessed over the past decade is somewhat different from the trilateral alliance of Asia–Africa–Latin America formed in the wake of decolonization. Current mega-trends demonstrate that the global South, driven by a number of regional powers, will play a vital role in shaping the twenty-first century. Understanding the complexities of this renewed agency is vital for addressing old wounds that marked the emergence of a South voice in the not-so-distant past. In jüngster Zeit ist Afrika als Teil des emerging South in den Vordergrund der Weltpolitik gerückt. Seine zunehmende Prominenz im globalen Diskurs als new frontier of development signalisiert die Anerkennung des ökonomischen Potenzials des Kontinents. Tatsächlich konnte Afrika im vergangenen Jahrzehnt eine durchschnittliche jährliche BIP-Wachstumsrate in Höhe von 5 Prozent verzeichnen. Aber es geht um mehr: Die wachsende Wahrnehmung des afrikanischen Kontinents ist Ausdruck der immer wichtigeren Rolle einiger afrikanischer Länder bei der Entstehung einer neuen South agency. Die Süd-Süd-Kooperation wird wieder als Möglichkeit erkannt. Die Diskussion der aktuellen Lage

A nuclear law in development. Un droit nucleaire en devenir; Vision ethique et prospective au Maroc et au Maghreb

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Boudahrain, A

1991-01-01

In this work the author demonstrates that the nuclear option for increasing the maghrebian capacities for electrical power production can not be conceived, from the ethic and humane point of view, for only one maghrebian country because of both external and internal constraints and difficulties which mortgage the future of destitute population and future generations. It is essential to lead intensive studies in this field by maghrebian research workers not accepting blindly foreign preconceptions. However, as a prelimenary, it is advisable to wonder about the ethical value of nuclear option, avoiding the multiform domination misdeeds (e.g. cultural and strategic) that such a choice involves for the maghrebis. 184 refs. (author).

L’identité africaine dans L’appel des arènes et Le vent du sud

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Dr Johnson Djoa Manda

2016-09-01

Full Text Available Cet article entend mettre au goût du jour les valeurs qui unissent les peuples africains. Car l’Afrique, berceau de l’humanité, est frappée par une grande division entre peuples de même origine. Sur la base de deux œuvres romanesques issues de deux sphères différentes (l’Afrique noire et le Maghreb il a été démontré, à la lumière des mécanismes sémiotiques et référentiels qu’il existe véritablement une identité africaine. Les textes, en effet, sont prégnants de constructions identitaires véhiculées par l’histoire, la tradition orale des griots et porteurs de parole et par l’expression picturale et graphique. Par ailleurs, l’acte de référence considère que les espaces scéniques, le temps de l’histoire et les actants font l’objet d’une authenticité. Ce passé douloureux, toutes ces interventions articulées sur le verbe et l’écriture sont des valeurs identitaires propres à l’Afrique. Elles unissent les peuples du continent noir et posent le postulat d’une seule Afrique.

The oldest Stone Age occupation of coastal West Africa and its implications for modern human dispersals: New insight from Tiémassas

Science.gov (United States)

Niang, Khady; Blinkhorn, James; Ndiaye, Matar

2018-05-01

Examinations of modern human dispersals are typically focused on expansions from South, East or North Africa into Eurasia, with more limited attention paid to dispersals within Africa. The paucity of the West African fossil record means it has typically been overlooked in appraisals of human expansions in the Late Pleistocene, yet regions such as Senegal occur in key biogeographic transitional zones that may offer significant corridors for human occupation and expansion. Here, we report the first evidence for Middle Stone Age occupation of the West African littoral from Tiémassas, dating to ∼44 thousand years ago, coinciding with a period of enhanced humidity across the region. Prehistoric populations mainly procured raw material from exposed Ypresian limestone horizons with Levallois, discoidal and informal reduction sequences producing flake blanks for retouched tools. We discuss this mid-Marine Isotope Stage 3 occupation in the context of the site's unique, ecotonal position amongst Middle Stone Age sites across West Africa, and its significance for Later Stone Age colonization of near coastal forests in the region. The results also support previous suggestions for connections between Middle Stone Age populations in West Africa and the Maghreb, for which the coastline may also have played a significant role.

The New Oil-Related Issues in the Sahara

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Auge, Benjamin

2011-01-01

The Sahara is one of the last African regions to remain under-explored by oil companies. After the swift rise in crude oil prices about a decade ago, the land-locked nature of the terrain, the main hurdle standing in the way of exploration, had been overcome thanks to an exponential growth in sums set aside for exploration. The arrival on the scene of State enterprises, especially from China, also made profitability secondary to the pressing need to find new reserves. A study of the state of affairs in Mauritania, Mali, Niger, and Chad discloses how the situation differs from case to case. Some are already producing like Mauritania, albeit in small quantities, and Chad, which is the sole net exporter of the region, whereas Niger will begin producing in 2012 and Mali has not had a single well drilled for decades due to its haphazard choice of oil companies. The four States mentioned do not cooperate in any way in the oil sector even though this ought to be essential in a zone that has such special peculiarities in terms of climate, geography, and security as it is facing the threat of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQMI) and the Tuareg

Long-distance autumn migration across the Sahara by painted lady butterflies: exploiting resource pulses in the tropical savannah.

Science.gov (United States)

Stefanescu, Constantí; Soto, David X; Talavera, Gerard; Vila, Roger; Hobson, Keith A

2016-10-01

The painted lady, Vanessa cardui, is a migratory butterfly that performs an annual multi-generational migration between Europe and North Africa. Its seasonal appearance south of the Sahara in autumn is well known and has led to the suggestion that it results from extremely long migratory flights by European butterflies to seasonally exploit the Sahel and the tropical savannah. However, this possibility has remained unproven. Here, we analyse the isotopic composition of butterflies from seven European and seven African countries to provide new support for this hypothesis. Each individual was assigned a geographical natal origin, based on its wing stable hydrogen isotope (δ 2 H w ) value and a predicted δ 2 H w basemap for Europe and northern Africa. Natal assignments of autumn migrants collected south of the Sahara confirmed long-distance movements (of 4000 km or more) starting in Europe. Samples from Maghreb revealed a mixed origin of migrants, with most individuals with a European origin, but others having originated in the Sahel. Therefore, autumn movements are not only directed to northwestern Africa, but also include southward and northward flights across the Sahara. Through this remarkable behaviour, the productive but highly seasonal region south of the Sahara is incorporated into the migratory circuit of V. cardui. © 2016 The Author(s).

Provincializing and Localizing Core-Periphery Relations

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Cilja Harders

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The paper engages engages with core-periphery conceptions because they are a useful "Denkfigur" in a time of increasing global interconnectedness. I argue that the core-periphery metaphor is a useful one because it provides us (1 with a relational tool of analysis and (2 with a focus on asymmetric power-relations. But it also has some serious limitations such as a tendency to be over-deterministic and to be too global in scale. In order to meet these limitations, I suggest to re-scale Prebisch, Amin and Wallersteins global conception of core and periphery to the local scale. I hold that we need to “provincialise” the core-periphery metaphor to borrow Chakrabarty’s (2000 famous term and to make the agency of local actors more relevant to our understanding of political dynamics in the Maghreb, Mashreq and Gulf region. I sketch how “provincialized” and “localized” ways of using the core-periphery metaphor could look like. This part builds on the main ideas Malika Bouziane, Anja Hoffmann and I developed in the introduction to our volume on “Local Politics and Contemporary Transformations in the Arab World” as well as my approach of a “state analysis from below”.

Periodic isolation of the southern coastal plain of South Africa and the evolution of modern humans over late Quaternary glacial to interglacial cycles

Science.gov (United States)

Compton, J. S.

2012-04-01

Humans evolved in Africa, but where in Africa and by what mechanisms remain unclear. The evolution of modern humans over the last million years is associated with the onset of major global climate fluctuations, glacial to interglacial cycles, related to the build up and melting of large ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere. During interglacial periods, such as today, warm and wet climates favored human expansion but during cold and dry glacial periods conditions were harsh and habitats fragmented. These large climate fluctuations periodically expanded and contracted African ecosystems and led to human migrations to more hospitable glacial refugia. Periodic isolation of relatively small numbers of humans may have allowed for their rapid evolutionary divergence from the rest of Africa. During climate transitions these divergent groups may have then dispersed and interbred with other groups (hybridization). Two areas at the opposite ends of Africa stand out as regions that were periodically isolated from the rest of Africa: North Africa (the Maghreb) and the southern coastal plain (SCP) of South Africa. The Maghreb is isolated by the Sahara Desert which periodically greens and is reconnected to the rest of Africa during the transition from glacial to interglacial periods. The SCP of South Africa is isolated from the rest of Africa by the rugged mountains of the Cape Fold Belt associated with inedible vegetation and dry climates to the north. The SCP is periodically opened when sea level falls by up to 130 m during glacial maxima to expose the present day submerged inner continental shelf. A five-fold expansion of the SCP receiving more rainfall in glacial periods may have served as a refuge to humans and large migratory herds. The expansive glacial SCP habitat abruptly contracts, by as much as one-third in 300 yr, during the rapid rise in sea level associated with glacial terminations. Rapid flooding may have increased population density and competition on the SCP to

Emancipation for Muslim Women Living in France (La emancipación de mujeres musulmanes en Francia

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Anna Kobylski

2015-06-01

Full Text Available Abstract: Emancipation for Muslim women in France is an ongoing struggle expressed and examined through contemporary French and Francophone literature and film. In Inch´Allah Dimanche (God-Willing on Sunday and Mémoires d´immigrés: l´héritage maghrébin (Immigrant Memories: Maghrebin Heritage, French-Algerian filmmaker Yamina Benguigui illustrates the social, economic, and religious difficulties experienced by immigrants of the Maghreb to France following France´s family regroupment law of 1974. These difficulties continue today and have contributed to an identity crisis that is preventing Muslim women from achieving emancipation. Leïla Djitli addresses the notion of identity crisis as it pertains to the experience of the Muslim immigrant woman in France Lettre à ma fille qui veut porter le voile (A Letter to my Daughter Who Wants to Wear the Veil. Through her documentary-like approach, Djitli examines the feelings of exile that contribute to identity crisis. This paper will analyze France’s recent Muslim immigrant history from the Algerian War to present day through these works as it pertains to the role of identity in emancipation. The analysis will consider Western feminist and Islamic feminist perspectives as well as the French position on secularism and its role in the French public sphere.Resumen: La emancipación para mujeres musulmanas en Francia es una lucha continua expresada y examinada a través de la literatura y el cine franceses contemporáneos. En las obras Inch´Allah Dimanch (Inch´Allah domingo y Mémoires d´inmigrés: l´heritage maghrébin (Recuerdos de inmigrantes: la herencia musulmana, la cineasta franco-argelina Yamina Benguigui ilustra las dificultades sociales, económicas y religiosas vividas por los inmigrantes del Maghreb a Francia tras la ley de reagrupamiento familiar de 1974. Estas dificultades siguen hoy en día y han contribuido a una crisis de identidad que impide que las mujeres musulmanas logren

Food Crises and Food Safety Incidents in European Union, United States, and Maghreb Area: Current Risk Communication Strategies and New Approaches.

Science.gov (United States)

Chammem, Nadia; Issaoui, Manel; De Almeida, Ana Isabel Dâmaso; Delgado, Amélia Martins

2018-03-22

Globalization has created a dynamic market, which has dramatically intensified interchanges of goods and information as well as the flow of people among nations. This international phenomenon offers the consumer a choice between a wide variety of foods from diverse locations. However, there are challenges to improving food security and safety on a global scale; the major question is how food safety can be guaranteed while increasing the complexity of food supply chains. A food produced in a certain location usually contains ingredients, additives, and preservatives from different and distant origins. Although countries take several food control measures, their institutional and regulatory frameworks diverge widely, as do the definitions of food crisis, food incidents, and risk management approaches. The present review discusses some past food safety issues and lessons learned. Convergences and differences in the regulatory framework of food control agencies in different regions of the world are herein revealed. Emerging risks are also discussed, particularly the spread of antibiotic resistance in the food chain and the environment, as well as the rise of new antibiotic-resistant pathogenic strains with broader tolerance to environmental factors.

Hepatitis C Virus in North Africa: An Emerging Threat

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Mohamed A. Daw

2016-01-01

Full Text Available Hepatitis C virus is a major public health threat associated with serious clinical consequences worldwide. North Africa is a unique region composed of seven countries that vary considerably in the predisposing factors to microbial diseases both historically and at the present time. The dynamics of HCV in the region are not well documented. The data are both limited and controversial in most of the countries in the region. In North Africa, the epidemiology of HCV is disparate and understanding it has been hampered by regional “epidemiological homogeneity” concepts. As the dynamics of HCV vary from country to country, context-specific research is needed. In this review, we assess studies performed in each country in the general populations as well as among blood donors and groups exposed to the HCV infection. The reported prevalence of HCV ranges from 0.6% to 8.4% in the Maghreb countries and is predominated by genotype 1. In the Nile valley region, it ranges from 2.2% to 18.9% and is dominated by genotype 4. In North African countries, HCV seems to be a serious problem that is driven by different vectors even in different geographical locations within the same country. Efforts should be combined at both the national and regional levels to implement efficient preventive and treatment strategies.

Jewish North African head adornment: Traditions and Transition

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Behrouzi, Nitza

1996-12-01

Full Text Available The author discusses the craftsmanship of head adornment, particularly jewellery and embroidery, made by diáspora Jews in the Maghreb in the late 19th and the 20th centuries. The religious meaning of the iconographic elements involved was part of an artistic tradition that goes back to the work of the Spanish Jews before 1492; nevertheless, the craftsmen had to deal with the Islamic environment of the societies in which they lived. The 20th century has seen a gradual departure from these traditional patterns and a subsequent preference for those of contemporary western culture.La autora analiza la artesanía del tocado, particularmente en joyería y bordado, hecha por judíos de la diáspora residentes en el Magreb a finales del siglo XIX y a lo largo del XX. El sentido religioso de los diversos elementos iconográficos incorporados al trabajo revela una tradición artística que se remonta a los artesanos judíos de la España anterior a 1492, pero que tenía que recibir influencias del contexto islámico de las sociedades en las que ese trabajo tenía lugar. A lo largo del siglo XX, esta tradición ha ido desapareciendo progresivamente, surgiendo en su lugar elementos procedentes de la cultura occidental contemporánea.

تطور شکل السقیفة التی تتقدم المساجد العثمانیة "دراسة تحلیلیة مقارنة"

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Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Zaki Ahmed

2017-01-01

Full Text Available This study deals with the idea of the outer rewaq, or the so-called portico, which in the front of the Ottoman religion buildings, inherited by the Ottomans from Seljuk, with an analysis of the origins of the Islamic world, its Maghreb and its most important models, and the analytical study of the types of these portico and the evolution of its forms in order to add extra space for the buildings attached to it as an alternative to the sahn, which is devoid of it: 1- The portico in front of the building on the axis of the mihrab. 2- The portico in front of the building on the other than the axis of the mihrab. 3- The portico that surrounds the building from two sides in the form of the English letter (L. 4- The portico that surrounds the building from three sides except the wall of the Qibla in the form of the English letter (U. 5- The Double portico. With mention the different models of each type, and explaining the plan of the building which a portico in front of it. In conclusion, the study presented a set of results God Almighty call for to be a new good vision about the shape of the portico and its architecture and construction types in the Ottoman architecture in particular, and Islamic architecture in general

Traditional Islamic cities unveiled: the quest for urban design regularity

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Jorge Correia

2015-08-01

Full Text Available Traditional Islamic cities have generally gathered orientalized gazes and perspectives, picking up from misconceptions and stereotypes that during the second half af the 19th century andwere perpectuated by colonialism. More recent scholarship has shed light on the urban organizationand composition of such tissues; most of them confined to old quarters or historical centres ofthriving contemporary cities within the Arab-Muslim world. In fact, one of the most striking featureshas been the unveiling of layered urban assemblages where exterior agents have somehowlaunched or interrupted an apparent islamicized continuum. Primarly, this paper wishes to search forexternal political factors that have designed regularly geometrized patterns in medium-sized Arabtowns. For that, two case studies from different geographies - Maghreb and the Near East - will bemorphologically analysed through updated urban surveys. Whereas Nablus (Palestine ows the urbanmatrix of its old town to its Roman past, in Azemmour’s medina (Morocco it is still possible to trackthe thin European early-modern colonial stratum. However, both cases show how regularity patternschallenge Western concepts of geometrical design to embrace levels of rationality related to tradionalIslamic urban forms, societal configurations and built environment. Urban morphology becomes afundamental tool for articulating the history with me processes of sedimentation and evolution in orderto read current urban prints and dynamics. Thus, the paper will also interpret alternative logics ofrational urban display in Azemmour and Nablus, linked to ways of living within the Islamic sphere.

A constrained African craton source for the Cenozoic Numidian Flysch: Implications for the palaeogeography of the western Mediterranean basin

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Thomas, M. F. H.; Bodin, S.; Redfern, J.; Irving, D. H. B.

2010-07-01

The provenance of the Numidian Flysch in the western Mediterranean remains a controversial subject which hinders understanding of this regionally widespread depositional system. The Numidian Flysch is a deep marine formation dated as Oligocene to Miocene which outcrops throughout the Maghreb and into Italy. Evidence that is widely used for provenance analysis has not previously been reviewed within the context of the Maghrebian Flysch Basin as a whole. The structural location within the Alpine belt indicates deposition proximal to the African margin, while the uniformity of the Numidian Flysch petrofacies suggests a single cratonic source, in stark contrast to heterolithic and immature flysch formations from the north of the basin. Detrital zircon ages constrain a source region with Pan-African and Eburnian age rocks, unaffected by either Hercynian or Alpine tectonic events, which precludes the European basement blocks to the north of the basin. Palaeocurrent trends which suggest a northern source are unreliable given foreland basin analogues and observed structural complications. An African craton source remains the only viable option once these data are reviewed in their entirety, and the Numidian Flysch therefore represents a major Cenozoic drainage system on the North African margin. Deposition is concurrent with regional Atlas uplift phases, and coincidental with globally cooling climates and high sea levels. The Numidian Flysch is therefore interpreted to represent a highstand passive margin deposit, with timing of deposition controlled primarily by hinterland uplift and climatic fluctuations.

دور نظام الوقف الإسلامي في تلبية حاجيات المجتمع الأمنية في الأندلس على ضوء كتاب المعيار للونشريسي

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محمد،زاهي

2013-03-01

Full Text Available When Islam came, the Waqf began and expanded its circle. It did not limit it to temples and rituals, but extended it to include many types of alms and donations that are monitored for religious, social, scientific and economic purposes. The endowments were on mosques and their maintenance and functions, schools, educational institutions, libraries, angles, scientists and students of science, and the poor and the needy. It has expanded to include hospitals and pharmacies, social welfare homes, the marriage of needy girls and boys, rivers and boreholes, the establishment of laces and fortresses, the creation of weapons and equipment to protect the House of Islam and defend its citizens. Such endowments spread in Andalusia, especially during the period of the Spanish renaissance wars in the northern regions of the Thorour. It was necessary to stay on the holes and fortifications and drilling wells and horses and weapons for the Muslim Mujahedeen. The ligaments were built everywhere in Andalusia and Maghreb. These endowments were a particular good for Jihad and the protection of the gaps by building bridges and centers in the areas of contact with the enemy. In the Miar of the Wancharissi , there were several areas for the Waqf. The owners stood in favor of the thugs and bonds in the north of Andalusia. A great virtue and a benign influence in building Islamic civilization and laying the foundation for integration, cooperation and brotherhood.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS TO GEOMORPHIC MODELLING OF SEDIMENT YIELD FOR UNGAUGED CATCHMENTS, ALGERIA

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Khanchoul Kamel

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Knowledge of sediment yield and the factors controlling it provides useful information for estimating erosion intensities within river basins. The objective of this study was to build a model from which suspended sediment yield could be estimated from ungauged rivers using computed sediment yield and physical factors. Researchers working on suspended sediment transported by wadis in the Maghreb are usually facing the lack of available data for such river types. Further study of the prediction of sediment transport in these regions and its variability is clearly required. In this work, ANNs were built between sediment yield established from longterm measurement series at gauging stations in Algerian catchments and corresponding basic physiographic parameters such as rainfall, runoff, lithology index, coefficient of torrentiality, and basin area. The proposed Levenberg-Marquardt and Multilayer Perceptron algorithms to train the neural networks of the current research study was based on the feed-forward backpropagation method with combinations of number of neurons in each hidden layer, transfer function, error goal. Additionally, three statistical measurements, namely the root mean square error (RMSE, the coefficient of determination (R², and the efficiency factor (EF have been reported for examining the forecasting accuracy of the developed model. Single plot displays of network outputs with respect to targets for training have provided good performance results and good fitting . Thus, ANNs were a promising method for predicting suspended sediment yield in ungauged Algerian catchments.

Spain and the Promotion of Governance in Algeria

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Rafael Bustos García de Castro

2007-12-01

Full Text Available This article examines the reasons why Spain which possesses a consolidated democratic regime continues to promote democracy and even good governance in certain countries in such an uncertain, ambiguous manner. Recent events, such as the impact of international terrorism, have meant that there is an even more urgent need for providing democratic assistance to the neighbouring countries of the Maghreb region. In spite of its initial limitations and slants,the very concept of governance would represent a non-intrusive promotion of democracy. Nevertheless, Spain’s actors in the field of foreign policy and cooperation with development (as the case of Algeria illustrates perfectly have been clearly reluctant to commit themselves to this course of action. Spain’s patent energy dependence on Algeria (a fact that is often put forward as the main explanatory reason is called into question, with an argument based not only on the evidence of Spanish action in other countries in regions (such as Tunisia and Latin America, but also in an analysis of the discourses and instruments of Spanish foreign policy. As an alternative explanation, it is suggested that practices that have long been used in Spain’s “Arab” foreign policy, the pending reform of the external service, the Europeisation of external action and the “second-player syndrome” (i.e. second to France, provide a better explanation ofSpain’s ambiguousness and of its slow abandonment of policies that favour the status quo.

‘Arab Spring’: The Influence of the Muslim Brotherhood and Their Vision of Islamic Finance and State (abstract

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Zidane Meriboute

2013-02-01

Full Text Available This chapter analyses the Muslim Brotherhood movement (Ikhwan al-muslimin in its various guises. Born in the interwar period, this global, proselytising Islamic movement underwent a veritable resurgence, even a resurrection, in Muslim countries from the 1980s onwards. Founded in 1928 by the Egyptian Hassan al-Banna (1906–1949, the recent ‘Arab Spring’ phenomenon has given it fresh momentum. Significantly, the Muslim Brotherhood movement has taken the reins of Egypt, the most populous state in the Arab world. Wherever this movement gains a foothold, it creates its own labour unions, associations of students, doctors and workers, Islamic banking institutions, and so forth. More specifically, the chapter examines the nature of the Islamic state and the key characteristics of the politico-religious doctrine of the Muslim Brotherhood and its various offshoot Islamist parties, both in the Maghreb and elsewhere. The author sheds light on the Muslim Brotherhood’s economic, social and financial vision through an examination of the various techniques they employ with respect to Islamic finance. While the Muslim financial model is driven by considerations of social justice (‘adala ijtima’iya and the rejection of usury (riba, it is nevertheless argued that its emphasis on profit maximisation renders this model’s vision essentially capitalist. The chapter thus calls for a refocusing and adaptation of the approach of Islamic banks in order to make their financing accessible for small projects undertaken by the disenfranchised.

Species on the rocks: Systematics and biogeography of the rock-dwelling Ptyodactylus geckos (Squamata: Phyllodactylidae) in North Africa and Arabia.

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Metallinou, Margarita; Červenka, Jan; Crochet, Pierre-André; Kratochvíl, Lukáš; Wilms, Thomas; Geniez, Philippe; Shobrak, Mohammed Y; Brito, José C; Carranza, Salvador

2015-04-01

The understanding of the diversity of species in the Palearctic and the processes that have generated it is still weak for large parts of the arid areas of North Africa and Arabia. Reptiles are among their most remarkable representatives, with numerous groups well adapted to the diverse environments. The Ptyodactylus geckos are a strictly rock-dwelling genus with homogeneous morphology distributed across mountain formations and rocky plateaus from the western African ranges in Mauritania and the Maghreb to the eastern tip of the Arabian Peninsula, with an isolated species in southern Pakistan. Here, we use a broad sampling of 378 specimens, two mitochondrial (12S and cytb) and four nuclear (c-mos, MC1R, ACM4, RAG2) markers in order to obtain the first time-calibrated molecular phylogeny of the genus and place its diversification in a temporal framework. The results reveal high levels of intraspecific variability, indicative of undescribed diversity, and they do not support the monophyly of one species (P. ragazzii). Ptyodactylus species are allopatric across most of their range, which may relate to their high preference for the same type of structural habitat. The onset of their diversification is estimated to have occurred in the Late Oligocene, while that of several deep clades in the phylogeny took place during the Late Miocene, a period when an increase in aridification in North Africa and Arabia initiated. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Conocimiento sobre el VIH y las infecciones de transmisión sexual en inmigrantes latinoamericanos y magrebíes en Cataluña Knowledge of HIV and sexually-transmitted diseases in Latin American and Maghrebi immigrants in Catalonia (Spain

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Erika Ríos

2009-12-01

performed a cross-sectional study by means of a semi-structured questionnaire and face-to face interviews in 238 Latin American and Maghrebi users of medical centers in the Barcelona and North Barcelona-Maresme health areas. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables and questions on sexual behavior and general knowledge about HIV/AIDS, transmission mechanisms, and means of prevention. A logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants of ‘inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS'. Results: A total of 53.8% of interviewees had inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Univariate analysis showed inadequate knowledge to be associated with being from the Maghreb, not living in Barcelona, being without work and not having educational qualifications. Multivariate analysis revealed that the only variables significantly associated with inadequate knowledge were being from the Maghreb as opposed to being from Latin America (OR=4.99; 95% CI: 2.74-5.10 and being unemployed as opposed to being employed (OR=2.59; 95% IC: 1.42-4.73. Condoms were seen as an effective prevention method, but 42.1% of interviewees did not use them in occasional relationships. Conclusions: Knowledge of routes of HIV transmission should be improved and mistaken ideas about infection should be eliminated among Latin American and Maghrebi immigrants. The immigrant population is a vulnerable group that ought to be prioritized to promote prevention programs adapted to its linguistic and cultural specificities.

El Palacio de los Leones de la Alhambra: ¿Madrasa, zāwiya y tumba de Muḥammad V? Estudio para un debate

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Ruiz Souza, Juan Carlos

2001-06-01

Full Text Available This article shows a new interpretation of the function of the famous Court of Lions in the Alhambra of Granada, built in the 1360's by Muḥammad V. The study of the contemporary architecture in the Maghreb (Fez, Sale, Tlemcen, etc., the close relations between Muḥammad V of Granada and the neighbouring Islamic countries, his own knowledge of the architecture produced under the Marinid dynasty during his Moroccan exile in Fez from 1359 to 1362, etc., makes us reconsider the Palace of the Lions as a royal madrasa-zāwiya, where its founder could even have been buried in 1391. Moreover, this hypothesis would clearly explain the numerous anomalies the Palace of Lions presents.Este trabajo presenta una lectura novedosa sobre la funcionalidad del celebérrimo Patio de los Leones de la Alhambra de Granada, construido en la década de los sesenta del siglo XIV por Muḥammad V. El estudio de la arquitectura coetánea del Magreb (Fez, Salé, Tremecén, etc., las intensas relaciones existentes entre Muḥammad V y los países islámicos vecinos, el propio conocimiento de Muḥammad V de la arquitectura meriní durante su exilio marroquí en Fez entre 1359 y 1362, etc., nos han hecho interpretar el Palacio de los Leones como una madrasa-zāwiya real, donde su fundador incluso pudo ser enterrado en 1391. Esta hipótesis, además, explicaría las numerosas anomalías que presenta el Palacio de los Leones.

[Public hospital utilization by the foreign population in Aragon, Spain (2004-2007)].

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Ben Cheikh, Wafa; Abad, José María; Arribas, Federico; Andrés, Eva; Rabanaque, María José

2011-01-01

To describe hospitalization rates and hospital morbidity among the foreign population residing in Aragon (Spain) by country of birth, between 2004 and 2007, and to compare these rates with those in the autochthonous population. A retrospective longitudinal study was carried out of hospital discharges of the foreign population in public hospitals in Aragon. Utilization rates were estimated by sex, age, country of birth and main diagnosis. Poisson regression was used to estimate the utilization rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Hospitalization rates were lower in the foreign population (adjusted RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.51-0.56), except in women aged between 15 and 24 years (RR: 2.9; 95% CI: 2.8-3.0) and among those born in the Maghreb (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.7; 1.9), sub-Saharan Africa (RR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.9-2.1) and Asia (RR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.6). When hospital discharges related to obstetrics and gynecology were excluded, only women born in sub-Saharan Africa continued to have adjusted RR greater than 1. These women had higher hospitalization rates in groups of infectious and parasitic diseases (RR: 2.5) and blood and blood-forming organs (RR: 2.8). In Aragon (Spain), public hospital utilization is lower in foreigners than in the autochthonous population. The diseases treated varied by country of birth. The diseases prevalent in these countries, together with hereditary diseases, can increase hospital utilization rates. Copyright © 2010 SESPAS. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.

Introduction to research on immigrant and ethnic minority families in Europe

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Hill Kulu

2016-07-01

Full Text Available Background: This article provides an introduction to the special collection of papers on partnership dynamics among immigrants and their descendants in five selected European countries: Sweden, France, the UK, Spain, and Estonia. Results: The analysis shows a significant variation in partnership patterns among immigrants in all five countries. Immigrants from countries with more 'conservative' family patterns (e.g., those from Turkey, South Asia, and the Maghreb region have high marriage rates, low (premarital cohabitation levels, and are less likely to separate. By contrast, more 'fluid' family formation patterns dominate among some non-European immigrant groups (e.g., Caribbeans, Sub-Saharan Africans, and Latin Americans. Conclusions: The significant diversity of partnership patterns within countries across immigrant groups supports the idea that socialisation factors play an important role in their partnership behaviour. The partnership patterns of immigrants' descendants are 'in-between'. These findings support the idea that both the minority subculture and the mainstream society have an effect on the behaviour of ethnic groups; however, the role of minority subculture seems to be larger than expected among some groups (e.g., individuals of Turkish, South Asian, Slavic, and Maghrebian origin. Contribution: All five studies report a significant diversity in partnership patterns across ethnic groups and suggest that the diversity in family forms will persist in the future. We argue that future research should investigate family patterns among the 'third generation', examine the links between economic and cultural integration of ethnic minorities, and exploit various novel techniques to analyse the dynamic nature of individuals' lives.

« Soi-même » comme un « autre ». Les histoires coloniales d'Ahmad Tawfîq al-Madanî (1899-1983

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James McDougall

2009-05-01

Full Text Available Dans l'optique de contribuer au dépassement des récits coloniaux ou nationalistes, cet article esquisse une relecture critique de l'histoire culturelle et intellectuelle de l'entre-deux-guerres au Maghreb, à travers un acteur politique et intellectuel parfois méconnu. Son œuvre, sa représentation de soi (dans ses mémoires donnent des points d'appui pour une analyse qui remettrait un certain type (salafiste de discours nationaliste — discours dont al-Madanî se fait en quelque sorte le symbole — dans le contexte particulier des conditions de la production politique, intellectuelle et culturelle en Afrique du Nord française. Opérant une rupture avec une pratique qui consiste à retranscrire les propres termes du discours nationaliste en présentant celui-ci comme une « restauration de l'histoire », nous nous efforcerons de montrer comment une stratégie d'invention historiographique, liée au mouvement réformiste musulman en Algérie, et conçue dans une relation « dialogique » intense avec la domination coloniale, refonde la conception de communauté en tant que « nation ». Cette conception particulière de la nation, et le rôle d'al-Madanî comme producteur de celle-ci, se voient dans ses relations complexes avec la situation coloniale qui leur donne naissance, et avec le mouvement révolutionnaire qui finira par arracher l'indépendance.

Documentos sobre el papel de los árabes hilālíes en el al-Andalus almohade: traducción y análisis

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Ramírez del Río, José

2014-12-01

Full Text Available The arrival of the Hilāli Arabs in the territory of today’s Morocco, called by the Almohad Caliphs, has raised a great controversy among the historians of the Maghreb; their contribution to the army of this empire is also well known since several decades. However, the activities carried out by the Hilāli Arabs in al-Andalus and the uneasy relationships with the local population have not been dealt with to date. The information provided by a collection of chancellery letters will hopefully allow us to study the effects of their presence in south- ern al-Andalus, which was of paramount importance for the decline and the eventual loss of the Almohads’ control over the Iberian Peninsula.La llegada de los árabes hilālíes al territorio del actual Marruecos, llamados por los califas almohades, ha generado una gran polémica entre historiadores; su aportación al ejército almohade también es conocida desde hace décadas. Sin embargo, la actuación de estas poblaciones en al-Andalus y su difícil coexistencia con la población local no ha sido objeto de trabajo alguno hasta la fecha. Las noticias aparecidas en una serie de cartas de cancillería nos permiten ofrecer un acercamiento a la presencia de estas poblaciones en el sur de al-Andalus, que resultó de gran importancia en el declive de los almohades y en el desmoronamiento de su poder en la península Ibérica.

University of Oran1 « The scientific journey of the scholars of Tlemcen to Fes in the Middle Ages.”

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Fatima,Belhaouari

2009-03-01

Full Text Available The journey in the quest for knowledge was an essential element in Islamic education. It is a response to the prophetic desire to seek knowledge and to increase knowledge and knowledge of one another. The concealment of man on himself is absent from what is emerging in the world of science and jurisprudence. Maghreb have perfected the right of this tradition, and have increased the burden of travel to the countries of the Islamic world for the same purpose, and hardly count the number of them, In this regard, al-Maqri, an expert and expert on the date, said in his book Nafh al-Tayeb: "It is not possible to limit the people of the journey. Abdul Rahman ibn Khaldun analyzed the importance and benefits of the scientific journey and its role in building the cultural personality of the individual. He noted that it is a scientific and necessary method of learning in saying: "The journey in the quest for science and the meeting of the preacher Kamal l in education, because people take their knowledge and ethics And that the inheritance of the doctrines and virtues sometimes teach and teach and throw, and sometimes simulated and received directly, but the acquisition of queens for direct and indoctrination is more binding and stronger firmly, as much as the Senate is the acquisition of queens and rooting It also insisted that the journey to seek knowledge to gain benefits and perfection Meet the sheikhs and mb Men's Watch "

[Intestinal parasitosis among non-permanent resident students in Tunisia: a review of 23 years of monitoring in the department of Parasitology-Mycology at the Rabta Hospital of Tunisia].

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Dridi, Kalthoum; Fakhfakh, Najla; Belhadj, Sleh; Kaouech, Emira; Kallel, Kalthoum; Chaker, Emna

2015-07-01

In order to fight digestive parasitism in Tunisia, a national program of surveillance of non-permanent resident students in Tunisia has been found to detect these parasitosis in this target population. To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among non-permanent resident students in Tunisia, to identify the different parasitic species founded and to show the interest of this screening. During a period of 23 years (1990-2012), 7386 parasitological examinations of stools has been made among students essentially from or had visited tropical Africa, Maghreb and Middle-East, at the laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology at the Rabta Hospital of Tunis. The prevalence of intestinal parasitism found was 34.45% (i.e. 2545 infested students). Among the protozoa that have been isolated in the majority of cases (78.75%), amoebae were most frequently found (86.4%) represented mainly by Entamoeba coli and Endolimax nanus in respectively, 25.62 and 23.33% of parasites isolated; while Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, only pathogenic Amoeba was found in 8.05% of the total of parasites isolated. Regarding helminths, found in 21.25% of parasites isolated, Ankylostome was predominant (34.5%) represented by the species of Necator americanus. A single case of Ancylostom duodenale has been isolated. Among the identified parasite species, 38.7% were known parasitic pathogens for humans. These results note the interest of the control of the non-permanent resident students in Tunisia. The precocious tracking and treatment of affected subjects permits to avoid the introduction and the dissemination of parasites already rare and virulent strains in our country.

Updated checklist and distribution of large branchiopods (Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca, Spinicaudata in Tunisia

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Federico Marrone

2016-10-01

Full Text Available Temporary ponds are the most peculiar and representative water bodies in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world, where they often represent diversity hotspots that greatly contribute to the regional biodiversity. Being indissolubly linked to these ecosystems, the so-called “large branchiopods” are unanimously considered flagship taxa of these habitats. Nonetheless, updated and detailed information on large branchiopod faunas is still missing in many countries or regions. Based on an extensive bibliographical review and field samplings, we provide an updated and commented checklist of large branchiopods in Tunisia, one of the less investigated countries of the Maghreb as far as inland water crustaceans are concerned. We carried out a field survey from 2004 to 2012, thereby collecting 262 crustacean samples from a total of 177 temporary water bodies scattered throughout the country. Large branchiopod crustaceans were observed in 61% of the sampled sites, leading to the identification of fifteen species. Among these, the halophilic anostracan Branchinectella media is here reported for the first time for the country; conversely, four of the species reported in literature were not found during the present survey. Based on literature and novel data, the known large branchiopod fauna of Tunisia now includes 19 species, showing a noteworthy species richness when the limited extension of the country is considered. For each species, the regional distribution is described and an annotated list of references is provided. Under a conservation perspective, the particular importance of the temporary ponds occurring in the Medjerda river alluvial plain is further stressed. In this location, several large branchiopod taxa with different ecological requirements converge and form unique and species-rich assemblages that should be preserved.

Components and public health impact of population growth in the Arab world.

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Asharaf Abdul Salam

Full Text Available The Arab world, which consists of the 22 member states of the Arab League, is undergoing a rapid transition in demographics, including fertility, mortality, and migration. Comprising a distinctive geographic region spread across West Asia and North East Africa and unified by the Arabic language, these states share common values and characteristics despite having diverse economic and political conditions. The demographic lag (high fertility and low mortality that characterizes the Arab world is unique, but the present trend of declining fertility, combined with the relatively low mortality, brings about significant changes in its population size. This research aimed to: (i assess the population growth in the Arab world over 3 time periods, (ii explore its components, and (iii understand its public health impact. Data from the International Data Base (IDB of the U.S. Census Bureau for 3 time periods (1992, 2002, and 2012 in 21 countries of the Arab world were analyzed by dividing them into four geographic sectors, namely, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC, West Asia, Maghreb, and the Nile Valley African Horn. The population of the Arab world has grown considerably due to both natural growth and migration. The immigration is pronounced, especially into resource-intensive GCC nations, not only from East Asian and Central African countries but also from resource-thrifty (limited-resource Arab nations. The migrations within, as well as outside, the Arab world reveal an interesting demographic phenomenon that requires further research: migration flows and trends. However, the transformations in public health statistics related to mortality-the impact of demographic changes-depict a new era in the Arab world.

Components and public health impact of population growth in the Arab world.

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Abdul Salam, Asharaf; Elsegaey, Ibrahim; Khraif, Rshood; AlMutairi, Abdullah; Aldosari, Ali

2015-01-01

The Arab world, which consists of the 22 member states of the Arab League, is undergoing a rapid transition in demographics, including fertility, mortality, and migration. Comprising a distinctive geographic region spread across West Asia and North East Africa and unified by the Arabic language, these states share common values and characteristics despite having diverse economic and political conditions. The demographic lag (high fertility and low mortality) that characterizes the Arab world is unique, but the present trend of declining fertility, combined with the relatively low mortality, brings about significant changes in its population size. This research aimed to: (i) assess the population growth in the Arab world over 3 time periods, (ii) explore its components, and (iii) understand its public health impact. Data from the International Data Base (IDB) of the U.S. Census Bureau for 3 time periods (1992, 2002, and 2012) in 21 countries of the Arab world were analyzed by dividing them into four geographic sectors, namely, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), West Asia, Maghreb, and the Nile Valley African Horn. The population of the Arab world has grown considerably due to both natural growth and migration. The immigration is pronounced, especially into resource-intensive GCC nations, not only from East Asian and Central African countries but also from resource-thrifty (limited-resource) Arab nations. The migrations within, as well as outside, the Arab world reveal an interesting demographic phenomenon that requires further research: migration flows and trends. However, the transformations in public health statistics related to mortality-the impact of demographic changes-depict a new era in the Arab world.

North American Foreign Fighters

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Michael Noonan

2014-12-01

Full Text Available While the phenomenon of so-called “foreign fighters” is in no way new the past thirty-plus years has shown a marked increase in the numbers of individuals traveling abroad to fight in civil conflicts in the Muslim world. The crisis in Syria (2011-present has created a massive influx of such individuals going to fight. Of particular concern in western capitals has been the numbers of individuals from those countries that have gone to fight in that conflict which has since crossed the border into neighboring Iraq with the establishment of the socalled “Islamic State” and threatens to broaden the conflict into a larger regional sectarian conflagration. While the numbers of such participants from Western Europe have been greater than those who have gone from the United States and Canada there are legitimate concerns in both Washington, DC, and Ottawa about American and Canadian citizens who have gone—or attempted to go—to fight there and in other locales such as the Maghreb and Somalia. The analysis here will provide some background on the foreign fighter phenomenon, discuss the foreign fighter flow model, explore the issue from both Canadian and US perspectives to include providing details of some original research categorizing the characteristics of a small sample of US and Canadian fighters and those who attempted to go and fight, discuss how both governments have attempted to deal with the issue, and offer some policy prescription for dealing with this issue that is of importance to both international security writ large and domestic security in the US and Canada.

Transferencias matrimoniales en el Occidente islámico medieval: las joyas como regalo de boda

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Zomeño Rodríguez, Amalia

1996-12-01

Full Text Available The paper analyzes several legal cases concerning donations and loans of jewels in the context of the Islamic marriage in the Middle Ages. The bride receives gifts of jewels from her would-be husband that form part of her property thereafter. The father also offers a substantial contribution of jewels to her daughter, yet often this is given with the expectation of their being returned subsequent to the marriage ceremony. Two of the gifts studied here consist of a strand of pearls, gold earrings, and silver anklets. They are jewels described already in ethnographic studies as part of the adornment that the bride traditionally wears at weddings in the contemporary Maghreb.Este trabajo analiza varios casos en los que se reflejan problemas legales surgidos en torno a una donación o préstamo de joyas, dentro del contexto matrimonial islámico medieval. La novia, de hecho, recibe varios regalos que contienen joyas de manos de su marido, que formarán parte de sus propiedades después de su boda. Por otro lado, el padre entrega también un conjunto importante de joyas a su hija, pero es frecuente que le sean prestadas con la intención de que se le devuelvan posteriormente. Dos de los regalos que aquí se estudian contienen un sartal de aljófar, unos zarcillos de oro y unas ajorcas de plata. Todas ellas son joyas que han sido ya descritas en los trabajos de etnografía como parte de los adornos que la novia lleva tradicionalmente en su boda en el Magreb actual.

Actual situation and energy perspectives in the Mediterranean Sea Basin countries; Situation actuelle et perspectives energetiques dans les pays du bassin mediterraneen

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Benghanem, A. [Societe Nationale d' Electricite et de Gaz d' Algerie, Alger (Algeria)

2001-03-01

An examination of the situation in the Mediterranean countries indicates that the demand for energy will surge to more than 1100 million tonnes of petroleum equivalent in 2010, an increase from the 800 million of tonnes of petroleum equivalent in 1998. The supply of primary energy is mainly provided by Algeria, Egypt, and Lybia. The challenge is to ensure the long-term stability of the energy exchanges between producing countries and their customers. In this regard, the Maghreb countries are in a favorable position, where the distribution systems are fairly well developed. The power distribution systems between these countries are interconnected (in addition to Morocco-Spain), and there are pipelines connecting Algeria-Tunisia-Italy, and Algeria-Morocco-Spain which reinforce the cooperation efforts. Other projects are in the planning stages to interconnect Algeria-Spain, Algeria-Sardinia-Italy, and Lybia-Italy. The policies in place in the countries located south of the Mediterranean Sea vary somewhat. In Morocco, an institutional reform of the electricity sector took place in 1995, where electricity production was effected in partnerships rather than being through leases. Tunisia opted for a more radical approach with the Build-Own-Operate (BOO). Algeria aims at reforming regulations concerning electricity, gas and hydrocarbons distribution in an attempt to introduce competitiveness and favor foreign investments. Lybia is considering a reorganization of its electricity sector towards the implementation of market openness. Egypt implemented a vast program of Independent Energy Producers. Turkey adopted the Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) approach to electricity. South of the Mediterranean Sea, private electricity production is already a reality. The author briefly described the situation in Algeria in greater detail. 2 figs.

A vast range of opportunities for feeding the world in 2050: trade-off between diet, N contamination and international trade

Science.gov (United States)

Billen, Gilles; Lassaletta, Luis; Garnier, Josette

2015-02-01

Through a detailed analysis of the FAO database, we have constructed a generalized representation of the nitrogen transfers characterizing the current agro-food system (GRAFS) of 12 macro-regions of the world in terms of functional relationships between crop farming, livestock breeding and human nutrition. Based on this model, and maintaining the current cropland areas and the performance of cropping and livestock systems in each region, we have assessed the possibilities of meeting the protein requirements of the estimated world population in 2050, according to various combinations of three critical drivers namely human diet (total amount of protein consumed and share of animal protein in this total), regional livestock production and crop fertilization intensity, in each region. The results show that feeding the projected 2050 world population would generally imply higher levels of inter-regional trade and of environmental nitrogen contamination than the current levels, but that the scenarios with less recourse to inter-regional trade generally produce less N losses to the environment. If an equitable human diet (in terms of protein consumption) is to be established globally (the same in all regions of the world), the fraction of animal protein should not exceed 40% of a total ingestion of 4 kgN capita-1 yr-1, or 25% of a total consumption of 5 kgN capita-1 yr-1. Our results show that slightly improving the agronomical performance in the most deficient regions (namely Maghreb, the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and India) would make it possible not only to meet the global protein requirements with much less international trade (hence more food sovereignty), but also to reduce N environmental contamination the most efficiently.

Estudios de caso de la política exterior española hacia el Mundo Árabe y Musulmán: actores subestatales y no-gubernamentales

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Aurélia Mañé Estrada

2012-06-01

Full Text Available El presente texto pretende arrojar nuevas hipótesis de trabajo sobre el papel de los actores y de los intereses subestatales y no-gubernamentales en la política exterior de España hacia los países del Magreb. A partir de la información obtenida en la Base de Datos de Política Exterior (BDPEX se observa, en primer lugar, si existe una correlación entre el objetivo y el destino de la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD descentralizada y la “agenda de política exterior” de los diputados en la Cámara baja, clasificados por su circunscripción provincial. En segundo lugar se ofrece una modesta tipología de las Comunidades Autónomas como actores, con intereses propios en la política exterior hacia el Norte de África. Y, por último, se discute si esta actuación descentralizada converge o diverge con la que se lleva a cabo desde el ámbito de la administración central del Estado. This paper aims to shed new hypotheses on the role and goals of both subnational and non-governmental actors in Spanish foreign policy towards the Maghreb countries. Taking information from the BDPEX, the paper tests first if there is a correlation between the goals and final destination of the decentralized Official Development Assistance (ODA and the decentralized "policy agenda” of the members of the Spanish “Congreso de los Diputados” (lower chamber of Parliament, classified by provincial constituency. Second, it provides a sort of classification of the “Comunidades Autónomas” (regional governments as actors, with their own interests in foreign policy towards North Africa. Finally, we discuss whether this decentralised action converges or diverges with that taking place within the central state administration.

What story does geographic separation of insular bats tell? A case study on Sardinian rhinolophids.

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Danilo Russo

Full Text Available Competition may lead to changes in a species' environmental niche in areas of sympatry and shifts in the niche of weaker competitors to occupy areas where stronger ones are rarer. Although mainland Mediterranean (Rhinolophus euryale and Mehely's (R. mehelyi horseshoe bats mitigate competition by habitat partitioning, this may not be true on resource-limited systems such as islands. We hypothesize that Sardinian R. euryale (SAR have a distinct ecological niche suited to persist in the south of Sardinia where R. mehelyi is rarer. Assuming that SAR originated from other Italian populations (PES--mostly allopatric with R. mehelyi--once on Sardinia the former may have undergone niche displacement driven by R. mehelyi. Alternatively, its niche could have been inherited from a Maghrebian source population. We: a generated Maxent Species Distribution Models (SDM for Sardinian populations; b calibrated a model with PES occurrences and projected it to Sardinia to see whether PES niche would increase R. euryale's sympatry with R. mehelyi; and c tested for niche similarity between R. mehelyi and PES, PES and SAR, and R. mehelyi and SAR. Finally we predicted R. euryale's range in Northern Africa both in the present and during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM by calibrating SDMs respectively with SAR and PES occurrences and projecting them to the Maghreb. R. mehelyi and PES showed niche similarity potentially leading to competition. According to PES' niche, R. euryale would show a larger sympatry with R. mehelyi on Sardinia than according to SAR niche. Such niches have null similarity. The current and LGM Maghrebian ranges of R. euryale were predicted to be wide according to SAR's niche, negligible according to PES' niche. SAR's niche allows R. euryale to persist where R. mehelyi is rarer and competition probably mild. Possible explanations may be competition-driven niche displacement or Maghrebian origin.

A vast range of opportunities for feeding the world in 2050: trade-off between diet, N contamination and international trade

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Billen, Gilles; Lassaletta, Luis; Garnier, Josette

2015-01-01

Through a detailed analysis of the FAO database, we have constructed a generalized representation of the nitrogen transfers characterizing the current agro-food system (GRAFS) of 12 macro-regions of the world in terms of functional relationships between crop farming, livestock breeding and human nutrition. Based on this model, and maintaining the current cropland areas and the performance of cropping and livestock systems in each region, we have assessed the possibilities of meeting the protein requirements of the estimated world population in 2050, according to various combinations of three critical drivers namely human diet (total amount of protein consumed and share of animal protein in this total), regional livestock production and crop fertilization intensity, in each region. The results show that feeding the projected 2050 world population would generally imply higher levels of inter-regional trade and of environmental nitrogen contamination than the current levels, but that the scenarios with less recourse to inter-regional trade generally produce less N losses to the environment. If an equitable human diet (in terms of protein consumption) is to be established globally (the same in all regions of the world), the fraction of animal protein should not exceed 40% of a total ingestion of 4 kgN capita −1 yr −1 , or 25% of a total consumption of 5 kgN capita −1 yr −1 . Our results show that slightly improving the agronomical performance in the most deficient regions (namely Maghreb, the Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa, and India) would make it possible not only to meet the global protein requirements with much less international trade (hence more food sovereignty), but also to reduce N environmental contamination the most efficiently. (letter)

Differential impact of parental region of birth on negative parenting behavior and its effects on child mental health: Results from a large sample of 6 to 11 year old school children in France.

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Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Husky, Mathilde; Pitrou, Isabelle; Fermanian, Christophe; Shojaei, Taraneh; Chee, Christine Chan; Siddiqi, Arjumand; Beiser, Morton

2016-05-04

In France, one in 10 residents has immigrated mainly from North Africa, West Africa or the Caribbean including the French West Indies. However little is known about how parents from these regions behave when they migrate to countries that have different cultural norms. It is therefore important to determine how ethno-cultural background affects parental behavior and subsequent child mental health in the context of immigration. The objectives are: 1) to compare negative parenting behaviors of French residents from diverse ethno-cultural backgrounds 2) to examine the relationship between parental region of origin and child mental health, and 3) to investigate the extent to which ethno-cultural context moderates the effect of parenting styles on child mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2005 in 100 schools in South-East France. The Dominic Interactive and the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire were used to assess child psychopathology. The Parent Behavior and Attitude Questionnaire was used to assess parenting styles. The final sample included data on 1,106 mother and child dyads. Caring and punitive attitudes were significantly different across mothers as a function of region of origin. This association was stronger for punitive attitudes with the highest prevalence in the Caribbean/African group, while mothers from Maghreb were more similar to French natives. Differences in caring behaviors were similar though less pronounced. Among children of Maghrebian descent, punitive parenting was associated with an increased risk of internalizing disorders while this association was weaker among children of African and Afro-Caribbean descent. Parental region of origin is an important component of both parenting styles and their effect on child mental health. Interventions on parenting should consider both the region of origin and the differential impact of origin on the effect of parenting styles, thus allowing for a finer

« Printemps arabe » : le poids des Frères musulmans – leur vision de l’Etat et de la finance islamiques

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Zidane Meriboute

2013-03-01

Full Text Available Cet article analyse le mouvement des Frères musulmans (Ikhwan al-muslimin sous ses différentes formes. Ce mouvement islamique mondial, prosélyte, apparu dans la foulée des deux guerres mondiales, a connu une véritable résurgence, voire une résurrection à partir des années 1980 dans les pays musulmans. Fondé en 1928 par l’Egyptien Hassan al-Banna (1906-1949, le Printemps arabe lui a conféré un souffle nouveau. Le mouvement des Frères musulmans s’est notamment imposé à la tête de l’Etat le plus peuplé du monde arabe, l’Egypte. Là où ce mouvement s’implante, il crée ses propres syndicats, ses associations d’étudiants, de médecins, de travailleurs, ses institutions bancaires islamiques, etc. L’auteur examine plus particulièrement la nature de l’Etat islamique et les traits essentiels de la doctrine politico-religieuse des Frères musulmans et des partis islamistes qui s’en inspirent au Maghreb et ailleurs. Il décrypte leur approche économique, sociale et financière à travers les différentes techniques de la finance islamique. Si le modèle financier musulman est motivé par des considérations de justice sociale (‘adala ijtima’iya et le rejet de l’usure (ribâ, l’auteur considère néanmoins que la vision de ce modèle est essentiellement capitaliste en visant à maximiser les profits. Il appelle à recentrer l’approche des banques islamiques et à les adapter afin qu’elles soient aussi accessibles au financement des petits projets lancés par des déshérités.

What Is the Extent of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and Where Does It Derive Its Strength in the Sahelian-Saharan Region: A Case Study of Northern Mali

Science.gov (United States)

2012-06-08

français de Relations Internationales, “Charles Grémont, Touaregs et Arabes dans les Forces Armées Coloniales et Maliennes, une histoire en Trompe-l’œil...Maliennes, une histoire en Trompe-l’œil ” [Tuaregs and Arabs in the Colonial Armed Forces]. http://www.ifri.org/?pag e=detail-contribution&id=6118

Epidemiological Aspects and World Distribution of HTLV-1 Infection

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Antoine eGessain

2012-11-01

Full Text Available The human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1, identified as the first human oncogenic retrovirus 30 years ago, is not an ubiquitous virus. HTLV-1 is present throughout the world, with clusters of high endemicity located often nearby areas where the virus is nearly absent. The main HTLV-1 highly endemic regions are the Southwestern part of Japan, sub-Saharan Africa and South America, the Caribbean area and foci in Middle East and Australo-Melanesia. The origin of this puzzling geographical or rather ethnic repartition is probably linked to a founder effect in some groups with the persistence of a high viral transmission rate. Despite different socio-economic and cultural environments, the HTLV-1 prevalence increases gradually with age, especially among women in all highly endemic areas. The three modes of HTLV-1 transmission are mother to child, sexual transmission and transmission with contaminated blood products. Twenty years ago, de Thé and Bomford estimated the total number of HTLV-1 carriers to be 10-20 millions people. At that time, large regions had not been investigated, few population-based studies were available and the assays used for HTLV-1 serology were not enough specific. Despite the fact that there is still a lot of data lacking in large areas of the world and that most of the HTLV-1 studies concern only blood donors, pregnant women or different selected patients or high-risk groups, we shall try based on the most recent data, to revisit the world distribution and the estimates of the number of HTLV-1 infected persons.Our best estimates range from 5-10 millions HTLV-1 infected individuals. However, these results were based on approximately 1.5 billion of individuals originating from known endemic areas with reliable available epidemiological data. Correct estimates in other highly populated regions such as China, India, the Maghreb and East Africa is currently not possible, thus, the current number of HTLV-1 carriers is very

Reflexiones sobre la influencia de los componentes religiosos en el asociacionismo inmigrante

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Mata Romeu, Anna

2013-06-01

Full Text Available The text reflects on the importance (real and symbolic religious component in the birth and consolidation of the associations of immigrants from the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis focuses exclusively on the Islamic religion, as is most common in people from this source. The field work was developed in three Autonomous Communities: Catalonia, Community Valencia and Navarra, between 2009 and 2010. Research shows, among others, shared religious beliefs of the members of the association are important (in some cases decisive to understand both the birth of the partnership, including joint and internal cohesion. As will be seen also throughout the text, the religious component is also useful to understand the relations that these associations together, with those considered similar and the different public administrations.El texto reflexiona sobre la importancia (real y simbólica de los componentes religiosos en el nacimiento y consolidación de las asociaciones de personas inmigrantes procedentes de el Magreb y el África subsahariana. El análisis se centra de forma exclusiva en la religión islámica, dado que es la mayoritaria en las personas de esta procedencia. El trabajo de campo se ha desarrollado en tres comunidades autónomas: Cataluña, Comunidad Valenciana y Navarra, entre los años 2009 y 2010. De la investigación se desprende, entre otras, que las creencias religiosas compartidas de los miembros de la asociación resultan importantes (incluso en algunos casos determinantes para entender tanto el nacimiento de la asociación, como su articulación y cohesión interna. Como se verá también a lo largo del texto, el componente religioso será también de utilidad para comprender las relaciones que sostienen estas asociaciones entre sí, con aquellas consideradas análogas y con las distintas administraciones públicas.

Migraciones estacionales, fronteras étnicas y organización del empleo agrícola: Un estudio de caso en el sureste de Francia

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Víctor Rau

2009-12-01

Full Text Available En el curso de los últimos años, la cuestión del empleo asalariado en la agricultura europea ha venido cobrando cada vez más relevancia, estrechamente ligada con el fenómeno de las migraciones internacionales e intercontinentales. La agricultura francesa posee una larga tradición en el empleo estacional de asalariados extranjeros, durante el último período reclutados principalmente en la región nordafricana del Magreb. Recientemente ha comenzado a cobrar importancia, también, el fenómeno de la subcontratación de mano de obra sudamericana, a través de empresas subcontratistas radicadas en España. El estudio analiza cual es el significado y qué efectos produce la introducción de asalariados con una nueva etnicidad en el ámbito del mercado de trabajo para la producción agrícola local. En tal sentido, se exponen resultados de una investigación de caso realizada en el departamento de Bouches-du-Rhône, al sureste de Francia, en torno a las producciones de frutas frescas y hortalizas ¹.In the recent years, the matter of the farm workers in the European agriculture has been gathering importance, closely related with the international and intercontinental migrations. The French agriculture has a long tradition in the employment of foreign workers, recruited primarily in the North African region of Maghreb. Recently is also gathering importance the sub-hiring of South American workers through sub hiring companies in Spain. The study analyses the meaning and the effects produced by the introduction of workers with a new ethnicity in the work market of the local agrarian production. In this sense, we present the results of a case research in the southeast French department of Bouches-du-Rhône, about the production of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Estrategias matrimoniales y parentesco entre las clases populares del norte de Marruecos y la emigración a Cataluña

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Mateo Dieste, Josep Lluís

2013-08-01

Full Text Available In this work I review the family nuclearization thesis when applied to the Moroccan case and its populations who live in a transnational space. The transformation of the family which have came about in Morocco in the last quarter of the XX century, provoked by internal and external migrations, does not reduce the weight of kinship ties in spite of the emergence of new residence patterns. The increase of nuclear homes is not equivalent to the constitution of isolated families but it takes place under the influence of links of interdependence between kin members, not only in Morocco but also among the people migrated to Europe. Starting from a critical review of the literature on kinship and alliance in the Maghreb and from my own ethnographic cases, I conclude that the proximity ties influence significantly the circulation of persons and goods, and specially the mechanisms of marriage election.En este trabajo reviso la tesis de la nuclearización de la familia en el caso de Marruecos y de sus poblaciones que viven en un espacio transnacional. La transformación de la familia que se ha producido en Marruecos en el último tercio de siglo XX, derivada de las migraciones internas y externas, no reduce el peso de los lazos de parentesco a pesar de la emergencia de nuevas pautas de residencia. El crecimiento de hogares nucleares no equivale a la constitución de familias aisladas sino que tiene lugar bajo la influencia de los vínculos e interdependencias entre parientes, no solo en Marruecos sino también entre los emigrados a Europa. A partir de una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre el parentesco y la alianza magrebí y de casos etnográficos propios concluyo que los vínculos de proximidad inciden de manera importante en la circulación de personas y bienes, y en especial en los mecanismos de elección matrimonial.

The radiative impact of desert dust on orographic rain in the Cévennes–Vivarais area: a case study from HyMeX

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C. Flamant

2015-11-01

Full Text Available The study is focused on Intensive Observation Period (IOP 14 of the Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment first Special Observing Period (HyMeX SOP 1 that took place from 17 to 19 October 2012 and was dedicated to the study of orographic rain in the Cévennes–Vivarais (CV target area. During this IOP a dense dust plume originating from northern Africa (the Maghreb and Sahara was observed to be transported over the Balearic Islands towards the south of France. The plume was characterized by an aerosol optical depth between 0.2 and 0.8 at 550 nm, highly variable in time and space over the western Mediterranean Basin. The impact of this dust plume, the biggest event observed during the 2-month-long HyMeX SOP 1, on the precipitation over the CV area has been analyzed using high-resolution simulations from the convection permitting mesoscale model Meso-NH (mesoscale non-hydrostatic model validated against measurements obtained from numerous instruments deployed specifically during SOP 1 (ground-based/airborne water vapor and aerosol lidars, airborne microphysics probes as well as space-borne aerosol products. The 4-day simulation reproduced realistically the temporal and spatial variability (including the vertical distribution of the dust. The dust radiative impact led to an average 0.6 K heating at the altitude of the dust layer in the CV area (and up to +3 K locally and an average 100 J kg−1 increase of most unstable convective available potential energy (and up to +900 J kg−1 locally with respect to a simulation without prescribed dust aerosols. The rainfall amounts and location were only marginally affected by the dust radiative effect, even after 4 days of simulation. The transient nature of this radiative effect in dynamical environments such as those found in the vicinity of heavy precipitation events in the Mediterranean is not sufficient to impact 24 h of accumulated rainfall in the dust simulation.

La mosquée en Algérie.Figures nouvelles et pratiques reconstituées

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Abderrahmane Moussaoui

2012-07-01

Full Text Available La « globalisation » des discours de la mosquée casse les frontières érigées historiquement par les différentes écoles, et tend à réduire la fracture inaugurale entre sunnisme et chiisme. Aujourd’hui il y a un retour à la Salafiya qui ne reconnaît que les fondamentaux. Tout le reste est considéré comme de l’ordre de l’historique et donc non sacré et à ce titre susceptible d’être laissé de côté ou changé. La Salafiya continue cependant à être divisée entre djâmida et djihâdiya.Les pratiques au sein de la mosquée procèdent également par pluralisation où l’individu cherche à la fois à signaler son individualité mais aussi à s’inscrire dans des tendances plus globales. Les récits de vie de différents imams laisse transparaître une sorte de sécularisation interne de la mosquée et une plus grande latitude dans la ré interprétation de l’initial.Les changements sont perceptibles également au niveau des acteurs De nouvelles figures concurrencent celle classique de l’imam. Le prédicateur, sans être une figure tout à fait nouvelle, ni une invention récente, demeure une figure réinventée. Au Maghreb, on connaît l’imam, le mufti, le taleb, mais moins le dâ`îya que les chaînes de télévision à thématique religieuse ont fini par imposer.Ce sont toutes ces transformations qui se déroulent au cœur de l’institution la plus significative de l’Islam que tente d’examiner cette contribution.

Observed rainfall trends and precipitation uncertainty in the vicinity of the Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa

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Zittis, G.

2017-11-01

The present study investigates the century-long and more recent rainfall trends over the greater region of Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Five up-to-date gridded observational datasets are employed. Besides mean annual values, trends of six indices of drought and extreme precipitation are also considered in the analysis. Most important findings include the significant negative trends over the Maghreb, Levant, Arabian Peninsula, and Sahel regions that are evident since the beginning of the twentieth century and are more or less extended to today. On the other hand, for some Mediterranean regions such as the Balkans and the Anatolian Plateau, precipitation records during the most recent decades indicate a significant increasing trend and a recovering from the dry conditions that occurred during the mid-1970s and mid-1980s. The fact that over parts of the study region the selected datasets were found to have substantial differences in terms of mean climate, trends, and interannual variability, motivated the more thorough investigation of the precipitation observational uncertainty. Several aspects, such as annual and monthly mean climatologies and also discrepancies in the monthly time-series distribution, are discussed using common methods in the field of climatology but also more sophisticated, nonparametric approaches such as the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests. Results indicate that in the best case, the data sources are found to have statistically significant differences in the distribution of monthly precipitation for about 50% of the study region extent. This percentage is increased up to 70% when particular datasets are compared. Indicatively, the range between the tested rainfall datasets is found to be more than 20% of their mean annual values for most of the extent of MENA, while locally, for the hyper-arid regions, this percentage is increased up to 100%. Precipitation observational uncertainty is also profound for parts of southern Europe. Outlier

A forgotten collection: the Libyan ethnobotanical exhibits (1912-14 by A. Trotter at the Museum O. Comes at the University Federico II in Naples, Italy

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De Natale Antonino

2012-01-01

. The comparison with the recent ethnopharmacological research in Maghreb and its neighboring countries reveals a high correspondence; almost all the plants cited by Trotter are still used in the folk medicine of at least one of the North African countries, and the therapeutic uses of each plant appear consistent over time. Conclusions The information collected by Trotter is an important contribution to tracing plant utilization in Libyan folk medicine over the last century.

Descripción de una nueva especie del género Prionychus Solier, 1835 de Marruecos y redescripción de Prionychus anthracinus (Mulsant, 1856 y Prionychus lugens (Küster, 1850 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Alleculinae

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Blanco Villero, J. M.

2011-12-01

Full Text Available In this work we describe a new species of Prionychus from northern Morocco, specifically in the region of Nador, near Melilla. Prionychus alfonsoblancoi sp. nov. belongs to those species in which the prosternum, ahead of procoxa, angles downards in a flat or slightly convex slope, the elytra have almost no striae, the anterior margin of pronotum has no border and they show a chestnut colouration. Within the Iberian/Maghreb area, these characters make P. alfonsoblancoi resemble only P. lugens, a species from which it can be clearly separated by the length of the antennae, the pronotal punctuation and the structure of the aedeagus. P. alfonsoblancoi is the fourth species present in Morocco and, by extension, in North Africa. Given the biometrics indices currently used to describe the species of this subfamily, it has been decided to re-describe Prionychus anthracinus and Prionychus lugens according to up-to-date standards. A dichotomous key to the species of the genus that inhabit the Iberian peninsula and northern África has also been developed.En este trabajo se describe una nueva especie de Prionychus del norte de Marruecos; en concreto de la región de Nador, en las cercanías de Melilla. Prionychus alfonsoblancoi sp. nov. pertenece al grupo de especies que presentan el prosterno, por delante de las procoxas, en declive plano o algo convexo, élitros casi sin estrías, borde anterior del pronoto no rebordeado y coloración castaña. Estos caracteres hacen que en el ámbito iberomagrebí, P. alfonsoblancoi se aproxime únicamente a Prionychus lugens, especie de la que puede separarse claramente por la longitud de las antenas, el punteado del pronoto y la estructura del edeago. P. alfonsoblancoi representa la cuarta especie presente en Marruecos y, por extensión, en el norte de África. Dados los índices biométricos que actualmente se utilizan para describir las especies de esta subfamilia, se ha optado por redescribir Prionychus anthracinus

Fascioliasis: a worldwide parasitic disease of importance in travel medicine.

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Ashrafi, Keyhan; Bargues, M Dolores; O'Neill, Sandra; Mas-Coma, Santiago

2014-01-01

Fascioliasis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by the two parasite species Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. This trematodiasis has never been claimed special relevance for travellers and migrants. However, the situation has drastically changed in the last two decades, in a way that fascioliasis should today be included in the list of diseases to be enhanced in Travel Medicine. Different kind of travellers have been involved in human infection reports: business travellers, tourists, migrants, expatriated workers, military personnel, religious missionaries, and refugees. Europe is the continent where more imported cases have been reported in many countries. More cases would have been probably reported in Europe if fascioliasis would be a reportable disease. In the Americas, most of the reports concern cases diagnosed in USA. Relative few patients have been diagnosed in studies on travellers performed in Asia. In Africa, most cases were reported in Maghreb countries. Blood eosinophilia and the ingestion of watercress or any other suggestive freshwater plant in anamnesis are extremely useful in guiding towards a fascioliasis diagnosis in a developed country, although may not be so in human endemic areas of developing countries. Several suggestive clinical presentation aspects may be useful, although the clinical polymorphism may be misleading in many cases. Non-invasive techniques are helpful for the diagnosis, although images may lead to confusion. Laparoscopic visualization should assist and facilitate procurement of an accurately guided biopsy. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the first choice in patients in the chronic phase. ERCP and sphincterotomy are used to extract parasites from the biliary tree. Fluke egg finding continues to be the gold standard and enables for burden quantification and establishing of the drug dose. Many serological and stool antigen detection tests have been developed. Immunological techniques present

Fruita seca i fruita assecada, una especiatitat de l´àrea econòmica catalana-valenciana-balear

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Ferrer i Mallol, Maria Teresa

2001-12-01

Full Text Available The article deals about some foodstuffs which are peculiar of the Mediterranean area: nuts (almonds, hazelnuts, chestnuts, walnuts, pine-nuts and dried fruits (figs, raisins, dates. Hazelnuts, almonds and pine-nuts were basic goods of exportation from Catalonia, Valencia and Majorca both to the East and to Flanders, while raisins and figs were exported specially to Italy and to England and Flanders. Walnuts and chestnuts had a shorter diffusion. Dates, produced in Elx, were also imported from Maghreb and often re-exported. While almonds could be found in the three countries, hazelnuts and pine-nuts were a Catalan product. Figs were dried in the three territories, though Valencia and Majorca produced a little more quantity. Raisins were a valencian speciality. The article is ilustrated with twenty-seven tables that demonstrate the trade of all these products, merchants, contracts, weights and measures.

L'article tracta d'uns productes de l'alimentació propis de l'àrea Mediterrània, com ho son la fruita seca (ametlles, avellanes, castanyes, nous i pinyons i la finita assecada (figues, panses, dàtils. Avellanes, ametlles i pinyons eren productes basics d'exportació de Catalunya, Valencia i Mallorca, tant cap a Orient com cap a Flandes, mentre que panses i figues eren exportades especialment cap a Itàlia i cap a Anglaterra i Flandes. Les nous i les castanyes tenien una difusió mes limitada. Els dàtils, produïts a Elx, eren també importats del Magreb i reexportats després. Mentre que les ametlles es trobaven a tots tres territoris, les avellanes i els pinyons eren una producció catalana. Les figues s'assecaven també a tots tres territoris, però amb predomini del País Valencia i Mallorca i les panses eren una especialitat valenciana. L'article es completa amb vint-i-set quadres en els quals hi és detallat el comerç d'aquests productes. S'indiquen també els noms dels comerciants, la seva nacionalitat, el tipus de contracte

Economic evaluation of damage caused by, and methods of control of, the Mediterranean fruit fly in the Maghreb. An analysis covering three control options, including the sterile insect technique. Report of an expert group

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

NONE

1995-10-01

Fruit and vegetable production is an important agricultural sector throughout the Mediterranean Basin, which is dependent on aerial or ground insecticide applications to protect commercial crops against the Mediterranean fruit fly. Pesticide applications are required up to twelve times a year, costing large sums of money. This study assesses for the four North African countries the economics of different pest control/eradication alternatives: insecticide application and the more environmentally friendly alternatives based on the Sterile Insect Technique. It is concluded that Sterile Insect Technique, not only very attractive from environmental point of view, but is also a feasible option from economic point of view. 40 refs, 3 figs, 37 tabs.

Fondements du discours propagandiste arabe de la Grande-Bretagne au Maghreb pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale (1939-1943 The Foundations of British Arabic Propaganda Speech in North Africa during World War II (1939-1943

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Fayçal Cherif

2009-06-01

Full Text Available The Second World War’s ramifications and the landing of the Anglo-Americans in North Africa (Torch brought out the antagonism between the powers of the Axis and the Allies. Apart from the military war, a second war including more horrible and complex elements than weapons had been declared by the different rival camps: the propaganda in the Arabic language initiated at the beginning by Germany and Italy and soon developed by Great Britain too (from 1939. It was an efficient and fearsome weapon to control the spirit of the Arab people’s opinion in general, especially that of the Maghrebians, who were often hostile to the British and French colonial policies in their regions. Certainly, radio programmes were preponderant as they were easily accessible but newspapers and leaflets were also used a lot in this psychological war. The subtleties and the impact of this British propaganda will be the subject of research. This article explains the mechanism, the structures, the aims and finally the impact of British propaganda in the Arabic language in North Africa between September 1939 and May 1943.

Economic evaluation of damage caused by, and methods of control of, the Mediterranean fruit fly in the Maghreb. An analysis covering three control options, including the sterile insect technique. Report of an expert group

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

1995-10-01

Fruit and vegetable production is an important agricultural sector throughout the Mediterranean Basin, which is dependent on aerial or ground insecticide applications to protect commercial crops against the Mediterranean fruit fly. Pesticide applications are required up to twelve times a year, costing large sums of money. This study assesses for the four North African countries the economics of different pest control/eradication alternatives: insecticide application and the more environmentally friendly alternatives based on the Sterile Insect Technique. It is concluded that Sterile Insect Technique, not only very attractive from environmental point of view, but is also a feasible option from economic point of view. 40 refs, 3 figs, 37 tabs

Molecular biogeography of Europe: Pleistocene cycles and postglacial trends

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Schmitt Thomas

2007-04-01

Full Text Available Abstract The climatic cycles with subsequent glacial and intergalcial periods have had a great impact on the distribution and evolution of species. Using genetic analytical tools considerably increased our understanding of these processes. In this review I therefore give an overview of the molecular biogeography of Europe. For means of simplification, I distinguish between three major biogeographical entities: (i "Mediterranean" with Mediterranean differentiation and dispersal centres, (ii "Continental" with extra-Mediterranean centres and (iii "Alpine" and/or "Arctic" with recent alpine and/or arctic distribution patterns. These different molecular biogeographical patterns are presented using actual examples. Many "Mediterranean" species are differentiated into three major European genetic lineages, which are due to glacial isolation in the three major Mediterranean peninsulas. Postglacial expansion in this group of species is mostly influenced by the barriers of the Pyrenees and the Alps with four resulting main patterns of postglacial range expansions. However, some cases are known with less than one genetic lineage per Mediterranean peninsula on the one hand, and others with a considerable genetic substructure within each of the Mediterranean peninsulas, Asia Minor and the Maghreb. These structures within the Mediterranean sub-centres are often rather strong and in several cases even predate the Pleistocene. For the "Continental" species, it could be shown that the formerly supposed postglacial spread from eastern Palearctic expansion centres is mostly not applicable. Quite the contrary, most of these species apparently had extra-Mediterranean centres of survival in Europe with special importance of the perialpine regions, the Carpathian Basin and parts of the Balkan Peninsula. In the group of "Alpine" and/or "Arctic" species, several molecular biogeographical patterns have been found, which support and improve the postulates based on

Calibration and validation of earthquake catastrophe models. Case study: Impact Forecasting Earthquake Model for Algeria

Science.gov (United States)

Trendafiloski, G.; Gaspa Rebull, O.; Ewing, C.; Podlaha, A.; Magee, B.

2012-04-01

Calibration and validation are crucial steps in the production of the catastrophe models for the insurance industry in order to assure the model's reliability and to quantify its uncertainty. Calibration is needed in all components of model development including hazard and vulnerability. Validation is required to ensure that the losses calculated by the model match those observed in past events and which could happen in future. Impact Forecasting, the catastrophe modelling development centre of excellence within Aon Benfield, has recently launched its earthquake model for Algeria as a part of the earthquake model for the Maghreb region. The earthquake model went through a detailed calibration process including: (1) the seismic intensity attenuation model by use of macroseismic observations and maps from past earthquakes in Algeria; (2) calculation of the country-specific vulnerability modifiers by use of past damage observations in the country. The use of Benouar, 1994 ground motion prediction relationship was proven as the most appropriate for our model. Calculation of the regional vulnerability modifiers for the country led to 10% to 40% larger vulnerability indexes for different building types compared to average European indexes. The country specific damage models also included aggregate damage models for residential, commercial and industrial properties considering the description of the buildings stock given by World Housing Encyclopaedia and the local rebuilding cost factors equal to 10% for damage grade 1, 20% for damage grade 2, 35% for damage grade 3, 75% for damage grade 4 and 100% for damage grade 5. The damage grades comply with the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS-1998). The model was validated by use of "as-if" historical scenario simulations of three past earthquake events in Algeria M6.8 2003 Boumerdes, M7.3 1980 El-Asnam and M7.3 1856 Djidjelli earthquake. The calculated return periods of the losses for client market portfolio align with the

Setting the Stage for Harmonized Risk Assessment by Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE)

Science.gov (United States)

Woessner, Jochen; Giardini, Domenico; SHARE Consortium

2010-05-01

Maghreb countries in the Southern Mediterranean and Turkey in the Eastern Mediterranean. By strongly including the seismic engineering community, the project maintains a direct connection to the Eurocode 8 applications and the definition of the Nationally Determined Parameters, through the participation of the CEN/TC250/SC8 committee in the definition of the output specification requirements and in the hazard validation. SHARE will thus produce direct outputs for risk assessment. With this contribution, we focus on providing an overview of the goals and current achievement of the project.

Al-Ḏajīra al-saniyya: una fuente relevante para el siglo XII en la Península Ibérica

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Ramírez-del-Río, José

2012-06-01

Full Text Available The work al-Dhakhīra al-saniyya fī ta’rīkh al-dawla al-marīniyya records the history of the Marīnid dynasty, including a number of references to other Islamic regions like Egypt, Syria and al-Andalus. The authorship of this chronicle has not yet been solved. The aim of this paper is to provide the most relevant information on the issue. Alongside with other type of information concerning al-Andalus, this paper focuses on that which concerns the territory conquered by the Kingdom of Castile throughout the 13th century, and which so far has been mostly disregarded. It undoubtedly contributes to improve our knowledge of the period, especially as regards both the destiny of the conquered Muslim populations and the chronology of the conquest. We will also focus here on the political leaders of al-Andalus and Maghreb, their reactions towards the Christian conquests, ranging from utter resistance to conversion, and the importance this group attached to fighting the Christians, as a key factor of the political legitimacy of the Banū Marīn to guide the Islamic community, a point that greatly concerns the author of the present chronicle.La obra al-Ḏajīra al-saniyya fī ta’rīj aldawla al-marīniyya, que aborda la historia de los Banū Marīn, incluye una serie de noticias referentes a otras tierras de la Dār al-Islam, como Egipto, Siria o al-Andalus. La autoría de la misma no ha sido determinada, por lo que señalaremos las noticias más destacadas sobre este asunto. De la información que ofrece esta obra acerca de al-Andalus, este artículo se centra en el análisis de los fragmentos relativos a los territorios conquistados por Castilla durante el s. XIII, que no había sido aprovechada hasta el momento, y que contribuye a ampliar nuestro conocimiento acerca de este período histórico, muy especialmente por lo que respecta a la suerte que corrieron las poblaciones musulmanas y a la cronología de la conquista. Abordamos las actitudes

Grévin Benoît (dir., Maghreb-Italie. Des passeurs médiévaux à l’orientalisme moderne (xiie-milieu xxe siècle, collection de l’École française de Rome, 439, 2010, 497 p.

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Alain Messaoudi

2014-01-01

Full Text Available Issu d’un programme organisé par Benoît Grévin à l’École française de Rome en 2006-2007, cet important volume, qui se présente comme l’expression d’un état de la recherche et non comme une synthèse définitive, regroupe 19 textes (16 rédigés en français, dont l’un traduit de l’espagnol, 3 en italien précédés d’une introduction générale. Il entend contribuer à une histoire des transferts savants entre l’Europe et le monde arabe, ainsi qu’à une histoire de la construction des savoirs européens ...

Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus and genotype distribution in immigrants crossing to Europe from North and sub-Saharan Africa.

Science.gov (United States)

Daw, Mohamed A; El-Bouzedi, Abdallah; Ahmed, Mohamed O; Dau, Aghnyia A; Agnan, Mohamed M

The association between the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and immigration is rarely studied, particularly for the immigrants crossing to the resettlement countries. Most of the published data are confined to those immigrants who were resident in European countries and rarely immigrated before they reach the final destination. Libya is a large country in North Africa with the longest coast of the Mediterranean Sea facing the European Union. It has been considered as the main transient station for African immigrants to Europe. The objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the prevalence of HCV in African immigrants gathered in Libya from different African countries on their way to Europe and (2) HCV genotype distribution in these immigrants and its correlation with different demographic factors. A total of 14 205 serum samples were collected in a 3-year period (2013-2015) from different immigrants from North and sub-Saharan Africa who resided in the African immigrant campus, Tripoli, Libya. The participants were interviewed, and relevant information was collected, including socio-demographic, ethnic, and geographic variables. Each serum sample was tested for anti-HCV antibody using ELISA. The genotypes were determined and assigned using a specific genotyping assay and correlated with demographic and potential risk factors of the recruited individuals. Of the immigrants studied, 1078 (7.6%) were positive for HCV. The prevalence of HCV infection ranged from 1.4% to 18.7%; it was higher among individuals arriving from Nile river (3.6-18.7%) of North Africa, followed by those who arrived from the West African region (2.1-14.1%), Horn of Africa (HOA, 6.8-9.9%), and Maghreb countries (1.4-2.7%). The relative risk factor attributable to gender variation was not significant (95% Cl: 0.8513-1.2381). Five genotypes were detected in 911 African immigrants. Genotypic analysis showed that the predominant HCV genotypes in this group were genotypes 4, 1, and 2 that

Seismotectonic features of the African plate: the possible dislocation of a continent

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Meghraoui, Mustapha

2014-05-01

, the Libyan rifting and Maghreb thrusting. Although bearing a relatively slow deformation with regards to the East Africa Rift System, the Nubia plate previously considered as a homogeneous tectonic block appears to be dislocating progressively also forming a system of microplates. A synthesis of earthquake studies and regional deformation exposed in a seismotectonic map hitherto serves as a basis for the seismic hazard evaluations and the reduction of seismic risks. * IGCP/SIDA: International Geoscience Program/Swedish International Cooperation Authority http://www.unesco.org/science/IGCP IGCP-601 Working Group: Paulina Amponsah (Ghana Atomic Energy Commission), Atalay Ayele (Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia), Bekoa Ateba (Inst. of Geol. and Min. Res., Buea, Cameroon), Abdelhakim Ayadi (CRAAG, Algeria), Abdunnur Bensuleman (University of Tripoli, Libya), Damien Delvaux (Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium), Mohamed El Gabry (National Research Institute of Geophysics, Cairo, Egypt), Rui-Manuel Fernandes (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal), Mustapha Meghraoui (IPG Strasbourg, France), Vunganai Midzi & Magda Roos (Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa), and Youssef Timoulali (CNRST, Rabat, Morocco).

Influence of winter NAO pattern on variable renewable energies potential in Europe over the 20th century

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François, Baptiste; Raynaud, Damien; Hingray, Benoit; Creutin, Jean-Dominique

2017-04-01

Atmospheric Analogues for Multivariate weather Predictions, Raynaud et al. 2016). The analysis is performed for solar, wind and run-of-the river energy sources taken individually. For NAO sensitive regions, results shown important deviations between power generation distributions obtained either for strongly positive or strongly negative NAO events. We also used the optimal VRE combination provided by the 100 % solution project (http://thesolutionsproject.org/). We then discuss over the 12 considered regions the vulnerability to NAO events for the energy mix suggested by the 100 % solution project. Reference: Raynaud, D., Hingray, B., Zin, I., Anquetin, S., Debionne, S., Vautard, R., 2016. Atmospheric analogues for physically consistent scenarios of surface weather in Europe and Maghreb. Int. J. Climatol. doi:10.1002/joc.4844

Déchiffrages. Quelques réflexions sur l’écriture libyco-berbère Deciphering: A few thoughts about the Libyco-Berber script

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Dominique Casajus

2011-02-01

Full Text Available Les Touaregs utilisent des alphabets dont les caractères sont appelés tafineq, mot où l’on trouve une racine FNQ que certains auteurs ont rapprochée, à tort ou à raison, du terme dont les Grecs désignaient les Phéniciens. Ces alphabets dérivent d’alphabets beaucoup plus anciens, qu’on a pris l’habitude de qualifier de « libyques » ou « libyco-berbères ». On trouve des inscriptions « libyques » dans tout le Maghreb, depuis la Libye jusqu’au Maroc et même jusqu’aux îles Canaries, parfois associées à des inscriptions puniques ou latines. La découverte à Dougga (Tunisie de deux bilingues puniques-libyques dont la rédaction remonte au iie siècle avant J.-C. a permis le déchiffrement partiel de l’une des variantes de l’alphabet libyque. Des inscriptions marocaines sont probablement plus anciennes, mais les datations proposées sont sujettes à caution. En même temps qu’il rend compte de deux ouvrages récents, consacrés pour l’un à des inscriptions rupestres contemporaines et pour l’autre à l’évolution des écritures libyco-berbères de l’Antiquité jusqu’à nos jours, le présent article discute quelques-unes de ces hypothèses de datation, et évoque les circonstances de la première découverte des inscriptions de Dougga.The Tuareg use alphabets with characters called tafineq (plural: tifinagh. Some writers have, rightly or wrongly, related this word’s root (FNQ to the word used by the Greeks to refer to the Phoenicians. These alphabets derived from much older ones, which are usually said to be “Libyan” or “Libyco-Berber”. Libyco-Berber inscriptions are found throughout a region stretching from Libya to Morocco and even the Canary Islands — sometimes along with Punic or Latin engravings. Owing to the discovery in Dougga (Tunisia of two bilingual Libyco-Punic inscriptions dating from the 2nd century BC, one of the variants of the Libyco-Berber alphabet has been partly

Retour sur les sociétés de montagne au Maghreb :fuqahā’ et soufis du Bilād Ghumāra (XIe-XVIIe siècles à l’épreuve des réformes de la pratique religieuse

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Mohamed Mezzine

2014-09-01

Full Text Available La montagne du Rif au Maroc occupe dans les livres d’histoire, voire chez les ʿulamā’ de la Qarawiyīn, à Fès, une place de choix. Des noms comme Ibn Mashīsh, al-Habtī et Ibn ʿArdūn continuent d’animer une tradition historique médiévale encore vivante aujourd’hui. Ces noms nous ramènent à une époque où le pays Ghmara, comme on l’appelait à l’époque, constituait un pôle culturel qui rivalisait avec la ville de Fès. Ibn Mashīsh et son disciple, al-Shādhilī, initiateurs de la fameuse ṭarīqa shādhiliyya, vont, à partir de cette montagne, lancer un mouvement de réforme religieuse qui a connu une extraordinaire audience auprès des populations de la montagne, comme de celles de l’ensemble du Maroc. D’autre part, les fuqahā' des Ghmara, intermédiaires obligés entre les ʿulamā’ et le commun des gens, tentent d’expliquer la norme islamique à des populations connaissant à peine la langue arabe. Les ʿulamā’ du jbel, moins nombreux, plus versés dans le savoir juridico-religieux, partagés entre le réseau du savoir andalou, avant 1492, et celui de Fès, vont travailler à modeler le malékisme et à le construire selon les exigences de leur milieu montagnard difficile. Pour comprendre ce phénomène, l'article se propose de suivre les trajectoires des principaux réformateurs, des awliyā’ soufis et des principaux porteurs de savoir (les ʿulamā’, et tenter de mesurer l’impact de ces tentatives de réforme sur la société des Ghmara.

Hashish in Morocco and Lebanon: A comparative study.

Science.gov (United States)

Afsahi, Kenza; Darwich, Salem

2016-05-01

In the 1960s and the 1970s, Morocco and Lebanon became major producers of hashish for export to markets in West and Central Europe, Africa and the Middle East. By using a comparative approach, this paper aims to evaluate changes in production in the traditional areas of cannabis cultivation in the Rif (Morocco) and the Beqaa (Lebanon) and to better understand the role that these countries play in current trends in the global cultivation and consumption of cannabis. The comparative approach takes in account the historical and institutionnal context, and the perception of cannabis in those two country. We rely on primary field research done in the Rif (from 2002) and in the Beqaa (from 1995) in the form of interviews and observations with farmers and intermediaries. Acreage and production estimates of hashish for both countries have been triangulated from different sources. Maghreb and Middle East have a long history of consumption, production and marketing of cannabis. Over the past 12 centuries, migration, trade and different spiritual practices and trends have led to the expansion of cannabis markets. This long period is marked by stages and rifts caused by foreign interference, a worldwide prohibition of cannabis at the beginning of the 20th century and increased global demand in the 1960s and the 1970s. Morocco and Lebanon are among the most important producers of hashish to be exported for trade for the last fifty years. The global prohibition of cannabis and the global sustained demand have created opportunities for poor farmers in the Rif and the Beqaa regions to survive and get wealthy. It is difficult to understand the reasons why areas producing cannabis are steadily increasing. If the Rif and the Beqaa share some features (such are marginalized areas of production, repressive legislation, huge international demand, range of comparable tasks and Mediterranean climate suitable for growing cannabis, etc.) then a comparison between the two countries makes it

El Magreb en las relaciones hispano- francesas durante los años treinta

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Feliciano PÁEZ- CAMINO ARIAS

2010-02-01

essential reference point for all Spanish foreign policy. This article concerns the actions taken up by Republican Spain until the start of the Civil War in the several parts of the Magreb where the Spanish-French, confluence was evident: the Protectorate of Marocco, Tangiers, the west coast of Algeria, and, to the south of these regions, Ifni and Equatorial Guinea. In general, the Spanish Republic tried to underline the civil —and not only military— character of its policy in Africa, developing some interesting cultural initiatives, carrying out the real occupation of Ifni and undergoing a long negotiation vicissitudes of that Spanish democratic experience, as well as the colonial laissez-faire policy of France, contributed to the political stagnation in Spanish Africa, from whom would come, from July 1936, the main military contingents which then demolished the Spanish Republic after a devasting civil war. Key words: Republic, Maghreb, Colonization, Spain, France.

Niger: A State Rich in Uranium

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Gregoire, Emmanuel

2011-01-01

The kidnapping on 16 September 2010 of seven Areva and Satom (a subsidiary of the Vinci Group) employees, which was claimed by the Salafist brigade of Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), thrust the Republic of Niger into the political and media spotlight. This commando-type operation at the Arlit mining site was followed four months later by a similar operation, this time in the heart of Niger's capital, Niamey. While four of the seven hostages are still being held in northern Mali (three were released in February 2011), the two young people abducted from a restaurant in Niamey were probably executed by their captors as they were pursued at the Malian border by the Niger army supported by French troops. [2] According to another version, one of the young people...[2] Among the poorest countries in the world, Niger rarely features in the headlines, except for the dramatic periods of drought which regularly affect the population, leading to solidarity campaigns, and for coups d'etat impacting the country's political life. The most recent of these coups d'etat (February 18, 2010) deposed President Mamadou Tandja who had modified the Constitution in order to remain in power (Gregoire 2010). Since then, the chain of historical events has accelerated at a rapid pace. The latest event was the election of Mahamadou Issoufou as president of the republic, after an election that took place under conditions of transparency and respect for democracy (March 12, 2011). The task facing the ninth Niger president will not be easy. Among other things, he will have to address the insecurity resulting from the presence of AQIM in Mali's territory, which was 'refueled' by western hostages in Niger. He will also need to eradicate the criminal economy (trafficking of all kinds, starting with drugs) now widespread in the Sahara region, and attempt to lift the country out of underdevelopment. The renewed interest shown by the international community in Niger's uranium deposits, and the

Une transmission discrète et fragmentaire. De l’histoire migratoire dans les familles maghrébines A discreet and fragmentary transmission. The migrant histories of North-African families in France

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Sonia Tebbakh

2009-07-01

Full Text Available La transmission de la mémoire migratoire est un processus difficile à cerner et il l’est d’autant plus en milieu maghrébin. Ceci tout d’abord, parce que cette mémoire renferme une expérience de l’exil complexe et parfois douloureuse. Ensuite, le fonctionnement de la famille immigrée et les relations existantes entre les parents porteurs de mémoire et les descendants héritiers de celle-ci créent des conditions de transferts mémoriels originales. Malgré cela, l’histoire migratoire circule, se diffuse, dans des conditions parfois compromises mais jamais impossibles; et la mémoire migratoire (reconstruite est alors une mémoire référentielle et participe ainsi à la reproduction des manières d’être plus qu’à la survivance d’un récit des origines. Incomplets, fragmentaires, les souvenirs permettent aussi d’engager une démarche de réflexivité sur le passé, de mieux appréhender le présent et de ne pas reproduire les erreurs d’hier. Alors que la France s’est engagée récemment dans un bouillonnement mémoriel autour du passé colonial, le discours des descendants d’immigrés maghrébins montrent effectivement que si l’histoire migratoire connaît quelques difficultés à se reconstruire et se transmettre, elle existe et ses effets traumatiques ne sont pas systématiques. Les individus récepteurs de cette mémoire en appellent davantage à une reconnaissance publique de la mémoire migratoire afin de ne pas reproduire la relégation, l’exclusion et le racisme vécus par les parents.In North African families, the process of passing down “migration memories” from one generation to another is rather difficult to discern in view of a lack of consistency in such aspects as the actual content of those memories (which is not particular to people from the Maghreb, the functioning of North African families, and the existing relations between those who carry the memories and those who inherit them. Yet

Étude du profil cytokinique de patients atteints d’hydatidose : une possible application en matière d’immunosurveillance

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Mezioug D.

2009-03-01

Full Text Available L’hydatidose est une zoonose endémique en Algérie et dans les pays du Maghreb. L’objectif de notre travail a porté sur l’exploration des cytokines exprimées dans le parcours des réponses immunitaires au cours de l’infection par Echinococcus granulosus. Cette étude a été réalisée en vue de situer l’implication du rapport Th1/Th2 dans l’évolution de la pathologie en fonction de la localisation anatomique du kyste, le stade et l’évolution clinique. Un dosage de l’interféron-γ (IFN-γ, de l’interleukine-12 (Il-12, de l’interleukine-16 (Il-16, de l’interleukine-18 (Il-18, de l’interleukine-4 (Il-4, de l’interleukine-5 (Il-5, de l’interleukine-10 (Il-10 et de l’interleukine-13 (Il-13 dans les sérums de patients algériens (n = 177 porteurs de kystes hydatiques au niveau hépatique, pulmonaire, hépatique et pulmonaire associés, splénique, rénale, osseux, cardiaque et multiples a été entrepris. L’analyse du profil des cytokines a été également réalisée chez les patients présentant des formes à complication (fissuration du kyste, rupture, calcification du kyste et les patients en phase de récidive et selon le stade clinique (pré- et post-opératoire. L’identification et l’évaluation des activités des cytokines considérées ont été réalisées par un dosage immuno-enzymatique (ELISA sandwich selon les méthodes préconisées par immunotech (France. Des teneurs significatives en IFN-γ, Il-12, Il-16, Il-18, Il-4, Il-5, Il-10 et Il-13 ont été détectées dans les sérums des patients en comparaison aux sujets “contrôles” (p < 0,001, suggérant la coexistence des deux voies Th1 et Th2 dans le mécanisme de défense mis en jeu par l’homme au cours de l’évolution de la parasitose. La comparaison des niveaux de production de ces médiateurs en fonction de la localisation anatomique des kystes montre que les teneurs sériques en IFN-γ, Il-12, Il-16 et Il-18, mesurées chez

Indicación de la determinación de los anticuerpos para los virus de la hepatitis C y de la hepatitis A en los protocolos de atención a los niños inmigrantes Indication of determination of antibodies against hepatitis C and A viruses in the protocol for the care of young immigrants

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Rosa M. Masvidal Aliberch

2010-08-01

vaccine and HA-HB vaccine, public health price and retail price without screening was compared with that of vaccinating non-immune children only. Results: HCV antibodies were determined in 1055 children and only one was positive [0.09% (95% CI: 0-0.53%]. HAV antibodies were determined in 992 children and, overall, 38% were positive (95% CI: 35.0-41.1. Distribution by country of origin was as follows: Central and South America (n=352 34.9%, Maghreb (n=246 44.7%, and India, Pakistan and Bangladesh (n=162 58.6%. According to the children's age, country of origin, and the price of the vaccine used, HAV antibody determination in young immigrants before HAV vaccination is efficient. Conclusions: Because of the low prevalence of HCV antibodies in the pediatric immigrant population, systematic determination is not warranted. Evaluating HAV antibodies in each immigrant child could increase the efficiency of PCYI.

Mobilisations collectives et femmes immigrées en France

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Sylvie Thiéblemont-Dollet

2008-09-01

Full Text Available Si nombreuses que soient les études ayant trait à l’immigration en France (et plus particulièrement masculine, aborder l’immigration sous l’angle des femmes immigrées et des processus communicationnels qu'elles ont développés en terre d’accueil est un apport essentiel aux sciences humaines. C’est pourquoi, cet article traite du thème de la mobilisation collective entre 2000 et 2008, par le biais des actions et des processus communicationnels mis en œuvre par des femmes immigrées ou issues de l’immigration, originaires du Maghreb et de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, plus particulièrement à partir de l’exemple du mouvement Ni Putes Ni Soumises. Analyser les réseaux d’interdépendance et de « contagion » entre ces actrices aux origines sociales identiques, faisant que ces femmes expriment un sentiment d’exclusion et associent leur statut social (chômage, profession sous-qualifiée, ethnique (origine maghrébine ou africaine et spatial (cité, banlieue, quartier dit difficile, à un même stigmate les reléguant à un univers discriminatoire, dégager les spécificités de leurs paroles selon les espaces et les temporalités où elles ont été délivrées, saisir leurs manières de s’organiser et leurs possibilités de mobilisation, sont les grands axes de cette réflexion. Suggérer enfin que ces femmes constituent un corps social émergent et mutant est une autre manière de lire ce texte. Émergent, parce qu’il est relativement récent du point de vue de sa visibilité dans la sphère publique et mutant, parce qu’il intègre des femmes qui participent d’un changement en train de se faire dans la société française et qui donnent une nouvelle image d’elles : non pas celle de féministes au sens classique du terme et de ce qui peut s’y rattacher, mais celle qui s’inscrit dans la perspective de comportement de genre à entendre comme mixité et modalités d’interaction entre femmes et hommes. Enfin

Feminismo e Ilustración (XIV Conferencias Aranguren: I. De la razón inerte a la razón meritoria; II. Por una Ilustración multicultural

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Amorós, Celia

2006-06-01

Full Text Available In the first part of this text, we present a reading of the Enlightenment that seeks to identify, among the different conceptualisations of reason displayed by enlightened thinking, the one offering the greatest emancipatory virtualities for feminism. The starting point is an analysis of Hume’s concept of personal identity that exposes its patriarchal bias. Against Hume’s notion of an inert reason we set the train of thought that led Poullain de la Barre to conceive reason as permanent work, or effort. The contribution of this feminist philosopher, an epigone of cartesianism, is liked to the spinozian «conatus» by a line that takes us all the way to Mary Wollstonecraft’s idea of reason as «meriting reason »: a reason that is free of adscriptive privileges in the network of forces in which it operates together with passions, a reason that is endowed with emerging critical value towards the Ancien Régime. In the second part, we argue that the critical- reflexive processes that challenge the legitimacy of institutions in force in a culture are not the monopoly of the Western World. In this sense, the Enlightenment is not an exclusive western property in so far as we can find, in other cultures, «veins of Enlightenment ». As endorsement of this hypothesis, we re-read the work of Maghreb philosopher Al -Yabri, author of Critique of Arab Reason, as a paradigmatic example of how it is possible to carry out a selective appropriation of a culture’s own past on the grounds of the «cultural interpellations» of the present. Under this light, Averroes is reclaimed as a classic of a «planetary modernity», a modernity committed to laicism, and one, moreover, that yields interesting implications for feminism.

En una primera parte presentamos una lectura de la Ilustración guiada por el interés de identificar, entre las distintas concepciones de la razón que se despliegan en ella, la que presenta mayores virtualidades

Utilización de los hospitales públicos por la población extranjera en Aragón (2004-2007 Public hospital utilization by the foreign population in Aragon, Spain (2004-2007

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Wafa Ben Cheikh

2011-08-01

of hospital discharges of the foreign population in public hospitals in Aragon. Utilization rates were estimated by sex, age, country of birth and main diagnosis. Poisson regression was used to estimate the utilization rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: Hospitalization rates were lower in the foreign population (adjusted RR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.51-0.56, except in women aged between 15 and 24years (RR: 2.9; 95% CI: 2.8-3.0 and among those born in the Maghreb (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.7; 1.9, sub-Saharan Africa (RR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.9-2.1 and Asia (RR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.3-1.6. When hospital discharges related to obstetrics and gynecology were excluded, only women born in sub-Saharan Africa continued to have adjusted RR greater than 1. These women had higher hospitalization rates in groups of infectious and parasitic diseases (RR: 2.5 and blood and blood-forming organs (RR: 2.8. Conclusions: In Aragon (Spain, public hospital utilization is lower in foreigners than in the autochthonous population. The diseases treated varied by country of birth. The diseases prevalent in these countries, together with hereditary diseases, can increase hospital utilization rates.

QUANTIFICATION DU TRANSPORT SOLIDE EN SUSPENSION DANS L’OUED LABIOD- CONSEQUENCE SUR L’ENVASEMENT DU BARRAGE DE FOUM EL GHERZA (ALGERIE

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Fadila FARTAS

2017-12-01

September 1971 until January 1994. This database has been selected for research of mathematic models between liquid flow and solid flow at different temporal scales. Choice of power function is justified by this model adequacy which gave the best coefficient values of determination, notably for the monthly data series (R2= 0.60-0.89; Fig. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18. Rate variation of solid and liquid inputs may be explained on the one hand by the fact that the sub-basin studied presents variability in the flow regime (spatio-temporal variability of rain-fall and the other by variability of hydro morpho-metrical characteristics (Fig. 19. We observed that the catchment of Labiod river has an average specific load very high (Es=2764 t/km2/year. This catchment is favourable to the flow. It is characterized by a degraded vegetation cover which cannot protect the soil. Flood concentration of hot season with very high power would generate high concentration in sediments. This favourable context to the flow and consequently to solid transport, explains this strong soil degradations (Fig. 20. The Labiod river catchment presents an annual maximal load of 21.5 million tons, which corresponds to a specific degradation relatively high of 2750 tons/km2/year. (Fig.20, Tab.1. These degradation rates are located in the range of values proposed by Walling (1984. Basing on works performed in Maghreb, this author estimates that specific degradations vary between 1000 and 5000 t/km2/year. They are due to the favourable characters to steep slopes, which generate to very rapid flow favouring particles stripping from the soil after the disaggregation work by insolation: and absence of vegetation cover cannot protect the soil. Essential of suspended matter transfer is produced during violent floods which occur either from local storms in summer, or saharan lows in spring and often also in autumn (Fig. 21. Research of a correlation between specific erosion rate calculated and some hydro

La siniestralidad laboral en la población inmigrante de Navarra en el 2006: Una aproximación a sus causas

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Ángel Parra Osés

2008-09-01

population occurred in the low level or not level qualification jobs and almost three quarters of the casualties are less than one year experimented workers. The accident’s happenings are, for both profiles, similar. The relative percent of the working accidents disclosed by the Casual Job Search Companies is higher for the immigrant population as for the local one. Almost the 75% is suffered by men workers and one-third by foreign workers. The relative percent of the working accidents disclosed by the Casual Job Search Companies is also higher for the foreign working women but lower for foreign working men. The incidence rate classified by activity sector is always higher for the foreign collective, even the less represented activity sectors. The immigrant population’s accident rate is double not only for the global rate but also for all the other rates classified by seriousness. These rates are lower for the EU countries as for the NO-EU countries. The highest rates are found in the following areas: Maghreb, Occidental Europe and Africa. The countries classification is the following: Morocco, Algeria and Portugal. Conclusion and discussions: Perhaps the too temporal working conditions or the too frequent subcontracting working conditions or the too frequent rotary conditions connote a higher rate of non-experience or non-adapted immigrant workers. Perhaps this inconstancy or this predicament acts on the working accident rate. Other national and international works corroborate the accident rate increase. The search of the accident rate’s source: working or risk factors or cultural, idiomatic or adaption factors will be under discussion.

A Short Introduction to Semitic Studies

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Paolo Agostini

2001-06-01

CE. The oldest Arabic texts in a script derived from the Nabataean alphabet date from the 4th century CE. The cradle of Arabic lies in the North Arabia. It first made its mark as a literary language with pre-Islamic poetry and the Quran, and these sources have remained universal ideals. With the rise of lslam, Arabic rapidly spread over an area from Persia and Asia Minor to the Atlantic Ocean, Spain and the Sahara. Relatively few Arabs emigrated, but the inhabitants of the countries they conquered soon adopted the sacred language of Islam. The major dialect groups are those of Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Egypt and North Africa (Maghreb. Their mutual comprehensibility is limited. The Ethiopian languages more closely resemble South Arabian than Arabic proper. The earliest known example is Ge'ez, commonly called Ethiopian. It diverged from South Arabian around the beginning of the Christian era, reaching its greatest extension in the 4th century CE, when it was spoken especially in the kingdom of Axum on both sides of the present border of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Although it died out around 1000 CE as a spoken language, Ge'ez is still the liturgical language of the Abyssinian Church.

ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА МІГРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У МАГРИБСЬКОМУ ЛІТЕРАТУРНОМУ КОНТЕКСТІ / THE PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION PROCESS IN MAGHREBIAN LITERARY CONTEXT

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Ігор ЛОГВІНОВ

2017-03-01

�озрождения личности и бунта, потери идентичности и изгнание, а также женской эмансипации, определяют специфичность этого литературного направления. Самыми известными представителями франкоязычной магрибской литературы на данный момент признаются А.Джебар, М.Диб, А.Мемми, М.Фераун, К.Ясин далее. Творчество этих писателей определило новый тип литературы d'expression française, национально-специфическое для каждой отдельно взятой из этих стран. Ключевые слова: литературный билингвизм, потеря идентичности, автохтонность, культурная изоляция. Logvinov I. The problems of migration process in Maghrebian literary context. As a product of the North African region, Maghrebian literary phenomenon combines specific features of three cultures - Arab, Berber and French and today has a special place in the world literature. The colonization of the Maghreb, the expansion of the French culture, the policy of assimilation and acculturation, a resistance movement of the colonized peoples led to the literary bilingualism of Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco that intensified the literary process in the region in a specific way. The Maghrebian francophone literature was constituted as early as in the 50s of the last century, but only in the 60s, thanks to the works of A. Memmi and A. Katibi was recognized as a separate area in the world literature. The fundamental relationship between the Maghrebian francophone literature and historical and cultural context distinguishes it from the mass of the so-called colonial literature. The Maghrebian francophone writers covering the issues of