Recent and Long-Term Soccer Heading Exposure Is Differentially Associated With Neuropsychological Function in Amateur Players.

Science.gov (United States)

Levitch, Cara F; Zimmerman, Molly E; Lubin, Naomi; Kim, Namhee; Lipton, Richard B; Stewart, Walter F; Kim, Mimi; Lipton, Michael L

2018-02-01

The present study examined the relative contribution of recent or long-term heading to neuropsychological function in amateur adult soccer players. Soccer players completed a baseline questionnaire (HeadCount-12m) to ascertain heading during the prior 12 months (long-term heading, LTH) and an online questionnaire (HeadCount-2w) every 3 months to ascertain heading during the prior 2 weeks (recent heading, RH). Cogstate, a battery of six neuropsychological tests, was administered to assess neuropsychological function. Generalized estimating equations were used to test if LTH or RH was associated with neuropsychological function while accounting for the role of recognized concussion. A total of 311 soccer players completed 630 HeadCount-2w. Participants had an average age of 26 years. Participants headed the ball a median of 611 times/year (mean=1,384.03) and 9.50 times/2 weeks (mean=34.17). High levels of RH were significantly associated with reduced performance on a task of psychomotor speed (p=.02), while high levels of LTH were significantly associated with poorer performance on tasks of verbal learning (p=.03) and verbal memory (p=.04). Significantly better attention (p=.02) was detectable at moderately high levels of RH, but not at the highest level of RH. One hundred and seven (34.4%) participants reported a lifetime history of concussion, but this was not related to neuropsychological function and did not modify the association of RH or LTH with neuropsychological function. High levels of both RH and LTH were associated with poorer neuropsychological function, but on different domains. The clinical manifestations following repetitive exposure to heading could change with chronicity of exposure. (JINS, 2018, 24, 147-155).

Relativistic tidal properties of neutron stars

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Damour, Thibault; Nagar, Alessandro

2009-01-01

We study the various linear responses of neutron stars to external relativistic tidal fields. We focus on three different tidal responses, associated to three different tidal coefficients: (i) a gravito-electric-type coefficient Gμ l =[length] 2l+1 measuring the lth-order mass multipolar moment GM a 1 ...a l induced in a star by an external lth-order gravito-electric tidal field G a 1 ...a l ; (ii) a gravito-magnetic-type coefficient Gσ l =[length] 2l+1 measuring the lth spin multipole moment GS a 1 ...a l induced in a star by an external lth-order gravito-magnetic tidal field H a 1 ...a l ; and (iii) a dimensionless 'shape' Love number h l measuring the distortion of the shape of the surface of a star by an external lth-order gravito-electric tidal field. All the dimensionless tidal coefficients Gμ l /R 2l+1 , Gσ l /R 2l+1 , and h l (where R is the radius of the star) are found to have a strong sensitivity to the value of the star's 'compactness'c≡GM/(c 0 2 R) (where we indicate by c 0 the speed of light). In particular, Gμ l /R 2l+1 ∼k l is found to strongly decrease, as c increases, down to a zero value as c is formally extended to the 'black hole (BH) limit'c BH =1/2. The shape Love number h l is also found to significantly decrease as c increases, though it does not vanish in the formal limit c→c BH , but is rather found to agree with the recently determined shape Love numbers of black holes. The formal vanishing of μ l and σ l as c→c BH is a consequence of the no-hair properties of black holes. This vanishing suggests, but in no way proves, that the effective action describing the gravitational interactions of black holes may not need to be augmented by nonminimal worldline couplings.

Antenatal maternal long-term hypoxia: acclimatization responses with altered gene expression in ovine fetal carotid arteries.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ravi Goyal

Full Text Available In humans and other species, long-term hypoxia (LTH during pregnancy can lead to intrauterine growth restriction with reduced body/brain weight, dysregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF, and other problems. To identify the signal transduction pathways and critical molecules, which may be involved in acclimatization to high altitude LTH, we conducted microarray with advanced bioinformatic analysis on carotid arteries (CA from the normoxic near-term ovine fetus at sea-level and those acclimatized to high altitude for 110+ days during gestation. In response to LTH acclimatization, in fetal CA we identified mRNA from 38 genes upregulated >2 fold (P2-fold (P<0.05. The major genes with upregulated mRNA were SLC1A3, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF binding protein 3, IGF type 2 receptor, transforming growth factor (TGF Beta-3, and genes involved in the AKT and BCL2 signal transduction networks. Most genes with upregulated mRNA have a common motif for Pbx/Knotted homeobox in the promoter region, and Sox family binding sites in the 3' un translated region (UTR. Genes with downregulated mRNA included those involved in the P53 pathway and 5-lipoxygenase activating proteins. The promoter region of all genes with downregulated mRNA, had a common 49 bp region with a binding site for DOT6 and TOD6, components of the RPD3 histone deacetylase complex RPD3C(L. We also identified miRNA complementary to a number of the altered genes. Thus, the present study identified molecules in the ovine fetus, which may play a role in the acclimatization response to high-altitude associated LTH.

Division of atomic physics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kroell, S.

1994-01-01

The Division of Atomic Physics, Lund Institute of Technology (LTH), is responsible for the basic physics teaching in all subjects at LTH and for specialized teaching in Optics, Atomic Physics, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy and Laser Physics. The Division has research activities in basic and applied optical spectroscopy, to a large extent based on lasers. It is also part of the Physics Department, Lund University, where it forms one of eight divisions. Since the beginning of 1980 the research activities of our division have been centred around the use of lasers. The activities during the period 1991-1992 is described in this progress reports

Biomass gasification, stage 2 LTH. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Bjerle, I.; Chambert, L.; Hallgren, A.; Hellgren, R.; Johansson, Anders; Mirazovic, M.; Maartensson, R.; Padban, N.; Ye Zhicheng [comps.] [Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Chemical Engineering II

1996-11-01

This report presents the final report of the first phase of a project dealing with a comprehensive investigation on pressurized biomass gasification. The intention with the project first phase was firstly to design, install and to take in operation a PCFB biomass gasifier. A thorough feasibility study was made during the first half year including extensive calculations on an internal circulating fluidized bed concept. The experimental phase was intended to study pressurized gasification up to 2.5 MPa (N{sub 2}, air) at temperatures in the interval 850-950 deg C. The more specific experimental objective was to examine the impact from various process conditions on the product formation as well as on the function of the different systems. The technical concept has been able to offer novel approaches regarding biomass feeding and PCFB gasification. The first gasification test run was made in December 1993 after almost 18 months of installation work. Extensive work was made during 1994 and the first half of 1995 to find the balance of the PCFB gasifier. It turned out to be very difficult to find operating parameters such that gave a stable circulation of the bed material during gasification mode. Apparently, the produced gas partly changed the pressure profile over the riser which in turn gave unstable operation. After a comprehensive investigation involving more than 100 hours of tests runs it was decided to leave the circulating bed concept and focus on bubbling bed operations. The test rig is currently operating as a bubbling bed gasifier. 4 refs, 24 figs, 6 tabs

Density of primes in l-th power residues

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

Given a prime number , a finite set of integers S={a1,…,am} and many -th roots of unity ril,i=1,…,m we study the distribution of primes in Q(l) such that the -th residue symbol of ai with respect to is ril, for all . We find out that this is related to the degree of the extension Q(a1l1,…,a1lm)/Q. We give an algorithm ...

Metabolic Profiles in Ovine Carotid Arteries with Developmental Maturation and Long-Term Hypoxia.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ravi Goyal

Full Text Available Long-term hypoxia (LTH is an important stressor related to health and disease during development. At different time points from fetus to adult, we are exposed to hypoxic stress because of placental insufficiency, high-altitude residence, smoking, chronic anemia, pulmonary, and heart disorders, as well as cancers. Intrauterine hypoxia can lead to fetal growth restriction and long-term sequelae such as cognitive impairments, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Similarly, prolonged hypoxic exposure during adult life can lead to acute mountain sickness, chronic fatigue, chronic headache, cognitive impairment, acute cerebral and/or pulmonary edema, and death.LTH also can lead to alteration in metabolites such as fumarate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate, and lactate, which are linked to epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Importantly, during the intrauterine life, a fetus is under a relative hypoxic environment, as compared to newborn or adult. Thus, the changes in gene expression with development from fetus to newborn to adult may be as a consequence of underlying changes in the metabolic profile because of the hypoxic environment along with developmental maturation. To examine this possibility, we examined the metabolic profile in carotid arteries from near-term fetus, newborn, and adult sheep in both normoxic and long-term hypoxic acclimatized groups.Our results demonstrate that LTH differentially regulated glucose metabolism, mitochondrial metabolism, nicotinamide cofactor metabolism, oxidative stress and antioxidants, membrane lipid hydrolysis, and free fatty acid metabolism, each of which may play a role in genetic-epigenetic regulation.

Hydrogen metal hydride storage with integrated catalytic recombiner for mobile application

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Marinescu-Pasoi, L.; Behrens, U.; Langer, G.; Gramatte, W.; Rastogi, A.K.; Schmitt, R.E. (Battelle-Institut e.V., Frankfurt am Main (DE). Dept. of Energy Technology)

1991-01-01

A novel, thermodynamically efficient device is under development at Battelle in Frankfurt, by which the range of hydrogen-driven cars with a metal hydride tank might be roughly doubled. The device makes use of the properties of metal hydrides, combined with catalytic combustion. Its development is funded by the Hessian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Technology; it is to be completed by the end of 1990. High-temperature hydrides (HTH) have about three times the storage capacity of low temperature hydrides (LTH), but require relatively large amounts of heat at high temperatures to release the hydrogen. The exhaust heat from combustion-engine-driven vehicles is insufficient for this, and vehicles with electric (fuel cell) drive produce practically no exhaust heat at all. The Battelle-developed device is a combination of an HTH storage cell, an LTH storage cell and a catalyst. (author).

Perceived Thermal Discomfort and Stress Behaviours Affecting Students’ Learning in Lecture Theatres in the Humid Tropics

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Tamaraukuro Tammy Amasuomo

2016-04-01

Full Text Available The study investigated the relationship between students’ perceived thermal discomfort and stress behaviours affecting their learning in lecture theatres in the humid tropics. Two lecture theatres, LTH-2 and 3, at the Niger Delta University, Nigeria, were used for the study. Two groups of students from the Faculties of Agriculture and Engineering and the Department of Technology Education constituted the population. The sample size selected through random sampling for Groups A and B was 210 and 370 students, respectively. Objective and self-report instruments were used for data collection. The objective instrument involved physical measurement of the two lecture theatres and of the indoor temperature, relative humidity and air movement. The self-report instrument was a questionnaire that asked for the students perceived indoor thermal discomfort levels and the effect of indoor thermal comfort level on perceived stress behaviours affecting their learning. The objective indoor environmental data indicated thermal discomfort with an average temperature of 29–32 °C and relative humidity of 78% exceeding the ASHARE [1] and Olgyay [2].The students’ experienced a considerable level of thermal discomfort and also perceived that stress behaviours due to thermal discomfort affected their learning. Further, there were no significant differences in the perceived thermal discomfort levels of the two groups of students in LTH-2 and 3. Furthermore, stress behaviours affecting learning as perceived by the two groups of students did not differ significantly. In addition, no correlation existed between the perceived indoor thermal discomfort levels and stress behaviour levels affecting learning for students in LTH-2, because the arousal level of the students in the thermal environment was likely higher than the arousal level for optimal performance [3,4]. However, a correlation existed in the case of students in LTH-3, which was expected because it only

Statistical analysis on extreme wave height

Digital Repository Service at National Institute of Oceanography (India)

Teena, N.V.; SanilKumar, V.; Sudheesh, K.; Sajeev, R.

-294. • WAFO (2000) – A MATLAB toolbox for analysis of random waves and loads, Lund University, Sweden, homepage http://www.maths.lth.se/matstat/wafo/,2000. 15    Table 1: Statistical results of data and fitted distribution for cumulative distribution...

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African Journals Online (AJOL)

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2017-11-10

Nov 10, 2017 ... data involves more than one observation time point for each subject that may vary ... To address this, a multi-sample distribution free test based on the integrated ... The mean recurrence at time t for lth treatment group is the ...

Assessment of the Persistence of Vapour Evolved from Neat CH contamination on Prairie Terrain (Record of FPP-81-1)

Science.gov (United States)

1983-01-01

infrared gas analyzer, equipped with a 20 m pathlenth gas cell , was used to obtain vapour concentration in real time. The sampling probe for the...lth’lt lrt’ nt1 ) sli tiongly absorbed by the vegetation. I-SIl KI(’TFl

Research Article Special Issue

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2017-08-08

Aug 8, 2017 ... Badak Campus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia pplied Social Sciences, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Bad. Campus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia lth Science, School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Sultan Za bidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Terengganu, Malaysia. Published online: 08 ...

Time-Dependent Behavior of Microvascular Blood Flow and Oxygenation: A Predictor of Functional Outcomes.

Science.gov (United States)

Kuliga, Katarzyna Z; Gush, Rodney; Clough, Geraldine F; Chipperfield, Andrew John

2018-05-01

This study investigates the time-dependent behaviour and algorithmic complexity of low-frequency periodic oscillations in blood flux (BF) and oxygenation signals from the microvasculature. Microvascular BF and oxygenation (OXY: oxyHb, deoxyHb, totalHb, and SO 2 %) was recorded from 15 healthy young adult males using combined laser Doppler fluximetry and white light spectroscopy with local skin temperature clamped to 33  °C and during local thermal hyperaemia (LTH) at 43 °C. Power spectral density of the BF and OXY signals was evaluated within the frequency range (0.0095-1.6 Hz). Signal complexity was determined using the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) algorithm. Fold increase in BF during LTH was 15.6 (10.3, 22.8) and in OxyHb 4.8 (3.5, 5.9) (median, range). All BF and OXY signals exhibited multiple oscillatory components with clear differences in signal power distribution across frequency bands at 33 and 43 °C. Significant reduction in the intrinsic variability and complexity of the microvascular signals during LTH was found, with mean LZ complexity of BF and OxyHb falling by 25% and 49%, respectively ( ). These results provide corroboration that in human skin microvascular blood flow and oxygenation are influenced by multiple time-varying oscillators that adapt to local influences and become more predictable during increased haemodynamic flow. Recent evidence strongly suggests that the inability of microvascular networks to adapt to an imposed stressor is symptomatic of disease risk which might be assessed via BF and OXY via the combination signal analysis techniques described here.

Nitrate reductase activity of Staphylococcus carnosus affecting the color formation in cured raw ham.

Science.gov (United States)

Bosse Née Danz, Ramona; Gibis, Monika; Schmidt, Herbert; Weiss, Jochen

2016-07-01

The influence of the nitrate reductase activity of two Staphylococcus carnosus strains used as starter cultures on the formation of nitrate, nitrite and color pigments in cured raw ham was investigated. In this context, microbiological, chemical and multivariate image analyses were carried out on cured raw hams, which were injected with different brines containing either nitrite or nitrate, with or without the S. carnosus starter cultures. During processing and storage, the viable counts of staphylococci remained constant at 6.5logcfu/g in the hams inoculated with starter cultures, while the background microbiota of the hams processed without the starter cultures developed after 14days. Those cured hams inoculated with S. carnosus LTH 7036 (high nitrate reductase activity) showed the highest decrease in nitrate and high nitrite concentrations in the end product, but were still in the range of the legal European level. The hams cured with nitrate and without starter culture or with the other strain, S. carnosus LTH 3838 (low nitrate reductase activity) showed higher residual nitrate levels and a lower nitrite content in the end product. The multivariate image analysis identified spatial and temporal differences in the meat pigment profiles of the differently cured hams. The cured hams inoculated with S. carnosus LTH 3838 showed an uncured core due to a delay in pigment formation. Therefore, the selection of starter cultures based on their nitrate reductase activity is a key point in the formation of curing compounds and color pigments in cured raw ham manufacture. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inhibition of Binding of the AB5-Type Enterotoxins LT-I and Cholera Toxin to Ganglioside GM1 by Galactose-Rich Dietary Components

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Becker, P.M.; Widjaja-Greefkes, H.C.A.; Wikselaar, van P.G.

2010-01-01

Cholera, travelers' diarrhea, or colibacillosis in pigs can possibly be prevented or attenuated by dietary provision of competitive inhibitors that react with the GM1-binding sites of the enterotoxins cholera toxin (CT), human Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin of serogroup I (LTh-I), and

"Andere Räume": sowjetische Kurorte als Heterotopien. Das Beispiel Sotschi

NARCIS (Netherlands)

Noack, C.; Schlögel, K.

2011-01-01

Based on Foucault's 'Of other places' the chapter discusses the changing spatialand symbolic relations of Soviet cities and he~lth resorts. The study focuses on Sochi: This Black Sea resort, of little importance before the revolution, became the preferred object of Stalinist development plans in the

75 FR 76466 - Ocean Transportation Intermediary License Reissuance

Science.gov (United States)

2010-12-08

... Hollins Ferry Road, Halethorpe, MD 21227. 020253NF Concord October 22, 2010. International Transport, Inc... Logistics, Inc. October 30, 2010. dba LTH Express, 837 East Sandhill Avenue Carson, CA 90746. 021890F Empire Global October 31, 2010. Logistics, LLC, 160- 51 Rockaway Blvd., Suite 206, Jamaica, NY 11434. Sandra L...

AUTHOR INDEX

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

user1

Balasubramanian R. Density of primes in l-th power residues. 19. Banerjee Pradipto. Divisibility of class numbers of imag- inary quadratic function fields by a fixed odd number. 1. Basak Gopal K. Process convergence of self-normalized sums of i.i.d. random variables coming from domain of attraction of stable distributions.

Efecto de cuatro métodos de labranza sobre las propiedades físicas y la pérdida de suelo en la rotación papa-pastos en áreas de ladera en una región alto andina de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Napoleón Bernal

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio avaluó la pérdida y los cambios en las propiedades físicas del suelo y la producción de papa amarilla Solanum phureja, como resultado de cuatro sistemas de labranza (Tracción humana, LTH; Tracción animal, LTA; Mecánica, LM; y Mecánica combinada, LMC en Santa Lucía, municipio de Tuluá, región alto andina de Colombia a 2.870 msnm. Los tratamientos se evaluaron usando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. La pérdida de suelo se determinó por medio de canaletas de escorrentía. La información se analizó por medio de una matriz de cambio para cada propiedad física. La tracción mecánica afectó negativamente las propiedades físicas del suelo, lo que se evidenció en el incremento de pérdidas por escorrentía. La mayor pérdida de suelo se asoció con el uso de LM y disminuyó hasta el 50% con LTH: (LM 6.12 t ha-1 año-1; LMC 5.0 t ha-1 año-1; LTA 3.7 t ha-1 año-1 and LTH 2.73 t ha-1 año-1. LTA generó la mayor retribución económica y ambiental, porque su producción (13 t/ha fue mayor que el promedio obtenido en los tratamientos (12.4 t/ha y la pérdida de suelo fue menor que la generada por LM y LMC.

Use of functional tests in radioimmune diagnosis of endocrine diseases

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Slavnov, V.N.

1988-01-01

Radioimmunoassay for determining corticotropin (ACTH), somatotropin (STH), prolactin (LTH) and thyrotropin (TTH) concentration in blood for endocrine disease diagnosis are described. Reactions of earlier mentioned functional tests to specific stimulators and inhibitors for differential diagnosis of such diseases as Icenko-Cushing one, pituitary body and hypothalamus diseases, galactorrhea and amenorrhea syndrome are considered. The diagnosis reliability is underlined

Skirmishing around Carlisle - 1863,

Science.gov (United States)

1986-04-01

planned to accompany the column, was held up at Brioqepr,-t most of the day by the uniil ingness of the I lth Heavu Artillery e ,. US_ Volunteers to join...34 enough to have their property struck by a shell later placed small metal plaques or, their buildings that read., "July 1, 1863." At Carlisle Barracks

Performance improvement in novel germanium-tin/germanium heterojunction-enhanced p-channel tunneling field-effect transistor

Science.gov (United States)

Wang, Hongjuan; Liu, Yan; Liu, Mingshan; Zhang, Qingfang; Zhang, Chunfu; Ma, Xiaohua; Zhang, Jincheng; Hao, Yue; Han, Genquan

2015-07-01

We design a novel GeSn-based heterojunction-enhanced p-channel tunneling field-effect transistor (HE-PTFET) with a Ge0.92Sn0.08/Ge heterojunction located in channel region, at a distance of LT-H from the Ge0.92Sn0.08 source-channel tunneling junction (TJ). HE-PTFETs demonstrate the negative shift of onset voltage VONSET, the steeper subthreshold swing S, and the improved on-state current ION compared to Ge0.92Sn0.08 homo-PTFET. At low VGS, the suppression of BTBT due to the widening of the tunneling barrier caused by the heterojunction leads to a negative shift of VONSET in HE-PTFETs. At high VGS, ION enhancement in HE-PTFETs is achieved over the homo device, which is attributed to the confinement of BTBT in Ge0.92Sn0.08 source-channel TJ region by the heterojunction, where the short tunneling paths lead to a high tunneling probability. Due to the steeper average S, HE-PTFET with a 6 nm LT-H achieves a 4 times higher ION compared to homo device at a VDD of -0.3 V.

Algorithms

Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

will become clear in the next article when we discuss a simple logo like programming language. ... Rod B may be used as an auxiliary store. The problem is to find an algorithm which performs this task. ... No disks are moved from A to Busing C as auxiliary rod. • move _disk (A, C);. (No + l)th disk is moved from A to C directly ...

422-Sabelo- version1-23 April 2009.indd

African Journals Online (AJOL)

2009-04-23

Apr 23, 2009 ... is c ip lin a ry H e a lth S c ie n c e s http://www.hsag.co.za. Health ... biochemical practice of associating a physical disease with a specific physical cause'. They focus on the work of Fritjof Capra, published in 1982, and discuss whether a ... Bruce and Lack focus on the very important task that lecturers have, ...

Environmental Assessment, Glide Slope/Clear Zone Obstructions, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

Science.gov (United States)

2013-06-01

the Integrated Cultural Resources Managemen t Plan. Historic resou rces determined to be eligible fo r listing on the National Register of Histo ric... Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other...and clear zones (CZs) at WPAr B in order to protect human hea lth and safety by providing adequate clearance for aircraft operations . The existing

Occupationally Based Disaster Medicine

Science.gov (United States)

2011-01-01

and thai bener r ’~tI h~ may re~ult from the a signmem of a prcvi- (luslv trained and drillc:d disa ler Lrc::almen l Icam that can Lake uvcr in al l...they wi ll sup >rv ise tho~e teams and are rt’ ~ pon~ible, ill ong wilh (lccupillional he lth personnel, for Ihe a fet y a nd heallh ()f th e tea

PETROCHINA TO MAINTAIN TWO-DIGITAL GROWTH OF ITS GAS PRODUCTION

Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China (English)

无

2005-01-01

@@ Based on the information made available from the recent conference on natural gas development held in Chengdu, the capital of the natural gasenriched Sichuan Province, PetroChina will maintain a 14 percent growth for its natural gas production during the 1 lth Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), owing to acceleration of the market development and pipeline construction in the downstream sector and rapid progress in the natural gas exploration.

A flexible mesoporous Li4Ti5O12-rGO nanocomposite film as free-standing anode for high rate lithium ion batteries

Science.gov (United States)

Zhu, Kunxu; Gao, Hanyang; Hu, Guoxin

2018-01-01

Advanced flexible electrode is crucial in the development of flexible energy storage devices for emerging wearable and portable electronics. Herein, a free-standing flexible mesoporous Li4Ti5O12-rGO (LTO-rGO) nanocomposite film is rationally designed and fabricated for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). This efficient synthesis involves the growth of lithium titanate hydrate (LTH) precursors on the graphene oxide (GO) by a hydrothermal reaction, assembly into LTH-GO film by vacuum filtration with some extra GO added, and subsequent conversion into LTO-rGO nanocomposite film through calcination. When rGO content in the LTO-rGO film is set, the addition sequence of GO is found to affect its textural and mechanical properties. The resultant free-standing LTO-rGO electrode, taking advantages of high Li4Ti5O12 loading of 73.9%, mesoporous layer-stacked channels with good electron/ion conductivity, good mechanical strength, and enlarged electrode/electrolyte contact area, delivers excellent electrochemical performance (e.g., specific capacity of 135.4 mAh g-1 at 40 C) over the electrode of conventional configuration. Moreover, no organic but all inorganic reagents are used in the synthesis, offering an eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and easily scalable way to fabricate binder-free flexible electrode for LIBs.

Evaluación de dos sistemas de riego por goteo en la producción y la calidad de la fruta de pera (Pyrus communis L. variedad Triunfo de Viena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Cristina Arenas-Bautista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de doble línea de riego versus el tradicional de una línea por hilera de plantas en la producción y calidad de la pera (Pyrus communis variedad Triunfo de Viena. La investigación se basó en la aplicación de dos tratamientos definidos, uno consistente en una línea de goteo por hilera de plantas con seis emisores de 8 lt/h y otro, con dos líneas de goteo por hilera de plantas con tres emisores de 8 lt/h cada uno Se utilizaron sensores Watermark para medir y controlar el potencial matricial del suelo. Se cubrió el 100% de la evapotranspiración potencial que fue de 55.5 mm/mes. Los resultados obtenidos de las variables hídricas del suelo permitieron programar el riego y garantizar el suministro de agua adecuado en el periodo de déficit hídrico. El tratamiento de doble línea no difirió significativamente del control, lo que indica que utilizar una línea de riego permite obtener una producción y calidad similares con un menor costo inicial del equipo.

Evaluación de dos sistemas de riego por goteo en la producción y la calidad de la fruta de pera (Pyrus communis L. variedad Triunfo de Viena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Vélez Sánchez Javier Enrique

2012-03-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de doble línea de riego versus el tradicional de una línea por hilera de plantas en la producción y calidad de la pera (Pyrus communis variedad Triunfo de Viena. La investigación se basó en la aplicación de dos tratamientos definidos, uno consistente en una linea de goteo por hilera de plantas con seis emisores de 8 lt/h y otro, con dos lineas de goteo por hilera de plantas con tres emisores de 8 lt/h cada uno Se utilizaron sensores Watermark para medir y controlar el potencial matricial del suelo. Se cubrió el 100% de la evapotranspiración potencial que fue de 55.5 mm/mes. Los resultados obtenidos de las variables hídricas del suelo permitieron programar el riego y garantizar el suministro de agua adecuado en el periodo de deficit hidrico. El tratamiento de doble linea no difirió significativamente del control, lo que indica que utilizar una línea de riego permite obtener una producción y calidad similares con un me- nor costo inicial del equipo.

Homogenizing Properties of Diblock Polymers in Blends of Corresponding Homopolymers.

Science.gov (United States)

1983-08-22

pared wiLth current theores of phase behavor for blends of dblock cpolyners and SI 2 a2 .. ’ • . a a . * , - . Acc -. ..- , ". ’". .-- _ T...Division 1030 East Green Street China. Lake, California 93555 Pasadena, California 91106 1 Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory Commander, Naval Air Systems...Charles H. Sherman Dr. G. Goodman Code TD 121 Globe Union Incorporated Naval Underwater Systems Center 5757 North Green Bay Avenue New London, Connecticut

Organ-Specific Differential NMR-Based Metabonomic Analysis of Soybean [Glycine max (L. Merr.] Fruit Reveals the Metabolic Shifts and Potential Protection Mechanisms Involved in Field Mold Infection

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Wen-yu Yang

2017-04-01

Full Text Available Prolonged, continuous rainfall is the main climatic characteristic of autumn in Southwest China, and it has been found to cause mildew outbreaks in pre-harvest soybean fields. Low temperature and humidity (LTH stress during soybean maturation in the field promotes pre-harvest mildew, resulting in damage to different organs of soybean fruits to different extents, but relatively little information on the resistance mechanisms in these fruits is available. Therefore, to understand the metabolic responses of soybean fruits to field mold (FM, the metabonomic variations induced by LTH were characterized using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, and the primary metabolites from the pod, seed coat and cotyledon of pre-harvest soybean were quantified. Analysis of FM-damaged soybean germplasms with different degrees of resistance to FM showed that extracts were dominated by 66 primary metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids and sugars. Each tissue had a characteristic metabolic profile, indicating that the metabolism of proline in the cotyledon, lysine in the seed coat, and sulfur in the pod play important roles in FM resistance. The primary-secondary metabolism interface and its potential contribution to FM resistance was investigated by targeted analyses of secondary metabolites. Both the seed coat and the pod have distinct but nonexclusive metabolic responses to FM, and these are functionally integrated into FM resistance mechanisms.

AFRRI (Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute) Annual Research Report 1 October 1980-30 September 1981.

Science.gov (United States)

1981-09-30

C parrum or BCG * (𔃾lth i’Cd (’ ie ) (IIlch I. . 4MI4 IlC.) 0 IN( 5.11 1. 17.23 f.6 (.f3 1M . • 4 (N -’C 2.’) W 0.2 2.21 0.3 1 71 J).I I 8h 4) W1-’H...to the plasma membrane. Using nitroxide spin labels, the effects of ionizing radia- tion on both the lipid matrix and protein moieties have been

Stemcell Information: SKIP000349 [SKIP Stemcell Database[Archive

Lifescience Database Archive (English)

Full Text Available ochemistry Yes Teratoma formation ... Yes ... Yes ... National Research Institute for Child Health... and Development 独立行政法人国立成育医療研究センター研究所 Akihiro Umezawa 梅澤　明弘 Available National Research Institute for Child Hea...lth and Development 独立行政法人国立成育医療研究センター研究所 ... 21637780--21689476 10.1371/journal.p

Penetrating Neurotrauma: What the Radiologists Needs to Know

Science.gov (United States)

2017-04-22

59 MDW/SGVU SUBJECT: Profess iona1 Presentation Approval 11 APR 2017 1. Your paper, entitled Pen et ra ting Neuro trauma: Wha t the Radi ologists Needs...Graduat e Hea lth Sciences Education student and your department has told you they cannot fund your publication , the 59th Clinical Research Division may...The author must complete page two of this form: a. In Section 2. add the funding source for your study [e.g., 59 MDW CRD Graduate Health Sciences

Behavior of the meat-borne bacterium Lactobacillus sakei during its transit through the gastrointestinal tracts of axenic and conventional mice

OpenAIRE

Chiaramonte , Fabrizio; Blugeon , Sebastien; Chaillou , Stephane; Langella , Philippe; Zagorec , Monique

2009-01-01

A Lactobacillus sakei strain named FLEC01 was isolated from human feces and characterized genotypically. Comparison of the genetic features of this strain with those of both the meat-borne L. sakei strain 23K and another human isolate, LTH5590, showed that they belong to different but closely related clusters. The three L. sakei strains did not persist and only transited through the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of conventional C3H/HeN mice. In contrast, they all colonized the GITs of axenic...

InN/InGaN complementary heterojunction-enhanced tunneling field-effect transistor with enhanced subthreshold swing and tunneling current

Science.gov (United States)

Peng, Yue; Han, Genquan; Wang, Hongjuan; Zhang, Chunfu; Liu, Yan; Wang, Yibo; Zhao, Shenglei; Zhang, Jincheng; Hao, Yue

2016-05-01

InN/In0.75Ga0.25N complementary heterojunction-enhanced tunneling field-effect transistors (HE-TFETs) were characterized using the numerical simulation. InN/In0.75Ga0.25N HE-TFET has an InN/In0.75Ga0.25N heterojunction located in the channel region with a distance of LT-H from the source/channel tunneling junction. We demonstrate that, for both n- and p-channel devices, HE-TFETs have a delay of onset voltage VONSET, a steeper subthreshold swing (SS), and an enhanced on-state current ION in comparison with the homo-TFETs. InN/In0.75Ga0.25N n- and p-channel HE-TFETs with a gate length LG of 25 nm and a LT-H of 5 nm achieve a 7 and 9 times ION improvement in comparison with the homo devices, respectively, at a supply voltage of 0.3 V. The performance enhancement in HE-TFETs is attributed to the modulating effect of heterojunction on band-to-band tunneling (BTBT). Because InN/In0.75Ga0.25N heterointerface shows the similar band offsets at conduction and valence bands, the InN/In0.75Ga0.25N heterojunction exhibits the improved effect on BTBT for both n- and p-channel devices. This makes InN/In0.75Ga0.25N heterojunction a promising structure for high performance complementary TFETs.

Type number and rigidity of fibred surfaces

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Markov, P E

2001-01-01

Infinitesimal l-th order bendings, 1≤l≤∞, of higher-dimensional surfaces are considered in higher-dimensional flat spaces (for l=∞ an infinitesimal bending is assumed to be an analytic bending). In terms of the Allendoerfer type number, criteria are established for the (r,l)-rigidity (in the terminology of Sabitov) of such surfaces. In particular, an (r,l)-infinitesimal analogue is proved of the classical theorem of Allendoerfer on the unbendability of surfaces with type number ≥3 and the class of (r,l)-rigid fibred surfaces is distinguished

Critical threshold size for overwintering sandeels (Ammodytes marinus)

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Deurs, Mikael van; Hartvig, Martin; Steffensen, John Fleng

2011-01-01

scales with body size and increases with temperature, and the two factors together determine a critical threshold size for passive overwintering below which the organism is unlikely to survive without feeding. This is because the energetic cost of metabolism exceeds maximum energy reserves...... independent long-term overwintering experiments. Maximum attainable energy reserves were estimated from published data on A. marinus in the North Sea. The critical threshold size in terms of length (Lth) for A. marinus in the North Sea was estimated to be 9.5 cm. We then investigated two general predictions...

Sum rules for the quarkonium systems

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Burnel, A.; Caprasse, H.

1980-01-01

In the framework of the radial Schroedinger equation we derive in a very simple way sum rules relating the potential to physical quantities such as the energy eigenvalues and the square of the lth derivative of the eigenfunctions at the origin. These sum rules contain as particular cases well-known results such as the quantum version of the Clausius theorem in classical mechanics as well as Kramers's relations for the Coulomb potential. Several illustrations are given and the possibilities of applying them to the quarkonium systems are considered

Gravitational polarizability of black holes

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Damour, Thibault; Lecian, Orchidea Maria

2009-01-01

The gravitational polarizability properties of black holes are compared and contrasted with their electromagnetic polarizability properties. The 'shape' or 'height' multipolar Love numbers h l of a black hole are defined and computed. They are then compared to their electromagnetic analogs h l EM . The Love numbers h l give the height of the lth multipolar 'tidal bulge' raised on the horizon of a black hole by faraway masses. We also discuss the shape of the tidal bulge raised by a test-mass m, in the limit where m gets very close to the horizon.

Annual report 1990 annex IV

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Smith, B.; Foskolos, K.

1991-01-01

The Nuclear Energy Research Department consists of three Laboratories: Reactor Physics and Systems Engineering (LRS), Thermal Hydraulics (LTH), and Materials and Nuclear Processes (LWV). There are additionally two Research Programmes: 'Waste Disposal' (PES) and LWR-Safety (PLS). The Department's activities focus on three main areas: safety and safety-related operational problems of the Swiss nuclear power plants (NPPs), contributions to the issues involved in radioactive waste disposal, future reactors. In addition, scientific-technical services are provided in the nuclear and non-nuclear sectors and for the operation of the relevant site facilities. (author) figs., tabs., refs

Long-Term Treatment Sequelae After External Beam Irradiation With or Without Hormonal Manipulation for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate: Analysis of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Studies 85-31, 86-10, and 92-02

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Lawton, Colleen A.; Bae, Kyoungwha; Pilepich, Miljenko; Hanks, Gerald; Shipley, William

2008-01-01

Purpose: Late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) morbidity from external beam irradiation used to treat adenocarcinoma of the prostate continue to be a concern of physicians and patients alike. In addition, for locally advanced/high-risk cancer, the appropriate use of hormonal manipulation in addition to radiation therapy (RT) may increase toxicity. We analyzed three large Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) studies (85-31, 86-10, and 92-02) to try to address these issues. Methods and Materials: A total of 2,922 patients were accrued with a median follow-up of 10.3 years for surviving patients. The RTOG scoring scheme was used to assess GI, GU, and other toxicities. Toxicity reported was Grade 3 or higher late toxicity. Patient toxicity level was assessed by study and by treatment type combining RT only vs. RT + short-course hormone therapy (STH) vs. RT + long-term hormone therapy (LTH). Results: Multivariate analysis reveals that age >70 was statistically significantly associated with a decrease in late any Grade 3+ toxicity (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.78, p = 0.0476) adjusted for treatment type. Comparing treatment type, patients treated with RT+STH had a statistically significant lower probability of Grade 3+ GI, GU, and other toxicity compared with RT alone (p = .00006; p = 0.0037; p = 0.0127, respectively). Patients treated with RT+LTH had a statistically significant lower probability of Grade 3+ GU toxicity compared with RT alone (p = 0.023). Conclusions: These data show that external beam radiation therapy remains a safe option for locally advanced/high-risk prostate cancer, and the use of hormonal manipulation does appear to be protective for GU and GI toxicity depending upon length of treatment

Genetic and phenotypic analysis of carbohydrate metabolism and transport in Lactobacillus reuteri.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Xin; Gänzle, Michael G

2018-05-02

Lactobacilli derive metabolic energy mainly from carbohydrate fermentation. Homofermentative and heterofermentative lactobacilli exhibit characteristic differences in carbohydrate transport and regulation of metabolism, however, enzymes for carbohydrate transport in heterofermentative lactobacilli are poorly characterized. This study aimed to identify carbohydrate active enzymes in the L. reuteri strains LTH2584, LTH5448, TMW1.656, TMW1.112, 100-23, mlc3, and lpuph by phenotypic analysis and comparative genomics. Sourdough and intestinal isolates of L. reuteri displayed no difference in the number and type of carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded in the genome. Predicted sugar transporters encoded by genomes of L. reuteri strains were secondary carriers and most belong to the major facilitator superfamily. The quantification of gene expression during growth in sourdough and in chemically defined media corresponded to the predicted function of the transporters MalT, ScrT and LacS as carriers for maltose, sucrose, and lactose or raffinose, respectively. The genotype for sugar utilization matched the fermentation profile of 39 sugars for L. reuteri strains, and indicated preference for maltose, sucrose, raffinose and (iso)-malto-oligosaccharides, which are available in sourdough and in the upper intestine of rodents. Pentose utilization in L. reuteri species was strain-specific but independent of the origin or phylogenetic position of isolates. Two glycosyl hydrolases, licheninase (EC 3.2.1.73) and endo-1, 4-β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.89) were identified based on conserved domains. In conclusion, the study identified the lack of PTS systems, preference for secondary carriers for carbohydrate transport, and absence of carbon catabolite repression as characteristic features of the carbohydrate metabolism in the heterofermentative L. reuteri. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Radioimmunoassay of glicagon secretion in diabetes mellitus

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Milanova, St.; Koparanova, O.; Milkov, V.; Visheva, N.; Kurtev, I.; Maleeva, A.

1988-01-01

Radioimunoassay of glucagon, lh, fsh, aldosterone, cortisol, acth, sth and lth was performed using preparations from the firms SORIN, AMERSHAM and HOECHST. The basal glucagon secretion was estimated in 403 diabetic patients and 84 normal subjects. It was transitorily suppressed by glucose. The alpha-cellular reactivity in diabetic patients was stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia and with arginine and vasopressin. The tested group of diabetic patients had absolute hyperglucagonemia, despite the hyperglycemia, which is an evidence of abnormal alpha-cellular function. The insulin-dependent nature of hyperglucagonemia in diabetes mellitus and the hyperreactivity of glucagon secretion after protein stimulation was demonstrated. The correlation of these results leads to essential diagnostic inferences

Research program on nuclear technology and nuclear safety - Synthesis report 2008

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dreier, J.

2009-06-01

This report for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) summarises the program's main points of interest, work done in the year 2008 and the results obtained. Four main projects at the Paul Scherrer Institute's Laboratory for Reactor Physics and System Behaviour LRS are noted, and work done at the Laboratories for Thermohydraulics LTH, Nuclear Materials LNM, Final Depository Safety LES and Energy System Analyses LEA are discussed. The results obtained in thirteen areas of research in 2008 are discussed in some detail. Finally, national and international co-operation is briefly looked at and work to be done in 2009 is reviewed. The report is completed with a list of the PSI research and development projects referred to

Efecto de cuatro métodos de labranza sobre las propiedades físicas y la pérdida de suelo en la rotación papa-pastos en áreas de ladera en una región alto andina de Colombia Effect of four tillage methods on the physical properties and loss of soil in the potato-grass rotation in hillside areas of a high Andean region in Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Napoleón Bernal

2008-01-01

Full Text Available Este estudio avaluó la pérdida y los cambios en las propiedades físicas del suelo y la producción de papa amarilla Solanum phureja, como resultado de cuatro sistemas de labranza (Tracción humana, LTH; Tracción animal, LTA; Mecánica, LM; y Mecánica combinada, LMC en Santa Lucía, municipio de Tuluá, región alto andina de Colombia a 2.870 msnm. Los tratamientos se evaluaron usando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. La pérdida de suelo se determinó por medio de canaletas de escorrentía. La información se analizó por medio de una matriz de cambio para cada propiedad física. La tracción mecánica afectó negativamente las propiedades físicas del suelo, lo que se evidenció en el incremento de pérdidas por escorrentía. La mayor pérdida de suelo se asoció con el uso de LM y disminuyó hasta el 50% con LTH: (LM 6.12 t ha-1 año-1; LMC 5.0 t ha-1 año-1; LTA 3.7 t ha-1 año-1 and LTH 2.73 t ha-1 año-1. LTA generó la mayor retribución económica y ambiental, porque su producción (13 t/ha fue mayor que el promedio obtenido en los tratamientos (12.4 t/ha y la pérdida de suelo fue menor que la generada por LM y LMC.This study evaluated the loss and the changes in the soil physical properties, and the production of yellow potato Solanum phureja, as a result of four tillage systems (Human traction, THT; Animal traction, ATT; Mechanical, MT; and Mechanical combined, CMT in Santa Lucia, Tuluá municipality, high andean region of Colombia to 2.870 masl. Treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized blocks desing with three replicates, and the data examined by means of a matrix of change for each physical property. Soil loss was determined by the ditch of runoff. Mechanical traction affected the soil physical properties negatively, that became evident in the increment of losses with the runoff. The bigger loss of soil was correlated with MT use and it diminished to the 50 % with HTT: (MT 6.12 tha-1

Mathematical methods in quantum and statistical mechanics

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Fishman, L.

1977-01-01

The mathematical structure and closed-form solutions pertaining to several physical problems in quantum and statistical mechanics are examined in some detail. The J-matrix method, introduced previously for s-wave scattering and based upon well-established Hilbert Space theory and related generalized integral transformation techniques, is extended to treat the lth partial wave kinetic energy and Coulomb Hamiltonians within the context of square integrable (L 2 ), Laguerre (Slater), and oscillator (Gaussian) basis sets. The theory of relaxation in statistical mechanics within the context of the theory of linear integro-differential equations of the Master Equation type and their corresponding Markov processes is examined. Several topics of a mathematical nature concerning various computational aspects of the L 2 approach to quantum scattering theory are discussed

On the Sensitivity of the Diurnal Cycle in the Amazon to Convective Intensity

Science.gov (United States)

Itterly, Kyle; Taylor, Patrick

2015-01-01

This presentation uses publicly available CERES and radiosonde data to investigate the sensitivity of thetropical convective diurnal cycle to atmosphere state. Averaging surface observations into regimes of convective intensitydefined by satellite shows great promise for physical understandingof convection.• Convective processes in the Amazon are highly variable seasonallyand locally.• Buoyancy/CIN more important JJA– Mesoscale/synoptic features easier to separate– Length/depth of buoyancy layer very important in DJF (EL).• Moisture more important DJF, esp. UTH– Humidity of lower atmosphere significantly impacts LTS, LCL and abilityfor parcels to reach LFC.• Lower level jet strength/direction important• Convective initiation correlated with LTS, LR, LTH, EL• Duration/Phase better correlated with humidity variables• Surface Flux amplitude well correlated with convection

Characterization of the Th profile of the bovine endometrium during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy.

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Lilian J Oliveira

Full Text Available Despite extensive research in the area of cow fertility, the extent to which the maternal immune system is modulated during pregnancy in cattle remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to characterize the presence and response profile of B, T-helper (LTh, T- cytotoxic (LTc, gamma delta-T (γδT and natural killer (NK lymphocytes in terms of cell number, distribution and cytokine expression in bovine endometrial tissue to pregnancy. Endometrial tissue samples were collected from beef heifers on Days 5, 7, 13 and 16 of the estrous cycle or pregnancy. Samples were analysed by immunofluorescence to identify the presence and abundance of B-B7 (B-cells, CD4 (LTh, CD8 (LTc, γδT cell receptor (TCR and CD335/NKp46 (NK cells -positive immune cells. Quantitative real time PCR (QPCR was carried out to analyse mRNA relative abundance of FOXP3 (a marker of regulatory T (Treg cells and a panel of immune factors, including MHC-I, LIF, Interleukins 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 11,12A, IFNa and IFNG. Results indicate that B-B7+ cells are quite populous in bovine endometrial tissue, CD4+ and CD8+ -cells are present in moderate numbers and γδTCR+ and CD335+ cells are present in low numbers. Pregnancy affected the total number and distribution pattern of the NK cell population, with the most significant variation observed on Day 16 of pregnancy. Neither B lymphocytes nor T lymphocyte subsets were regulated temporally during the oestrous cycle or by pregnancy prior to implantation. mRNA transcript abundance of the immune factors LIF, IL1b, IL8 and IL12A, IFNa and IFNG, expression was regulated temporally during the estrous cycle and LIF, IL1b, IL-10, IL11, IL12A were also temporally regulated during pregnancy. In conclusion, the endometrial immune profile of the oestrous cycle favours a Th2 environment in anticipation of pregnancy and the presence of an embryo acts to fine tune this environment.

Effect of four tillage methods on the physical properties and loss of soil in the potato–grass rotation in hillside areas of a high Andean region in Colombia Efecto de cuatro métodos de labranza sobre las propiedades físicas y la pérdida de suelo en la rotación papa–pastos en áreas de ladera en una región alto andina de Colombia

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Ramírez Luís

2008-03-01

Full Text Available This study evaluated the loss and the changes in the soil physical properties, and the production of yellow potato Solanum phureja, as a result of four tillage systems (Human traction, THT; Animal traction, ATT; Mechanical, MT; and Mechanical combined, CMT in Santa Lucia, Tuluá municipality, high andean region of Colombia to 2.870 masl. Treatments were evaluated using a completely randomized blocks desing with three replicates, and the data examined by means of a matrix of change for each physical property. Soil loss was determined by the ditch of runoff. Mechanical traction affected the soil physical properties negatively, that became evident in the increment of losses with the runoff. The bigger loss of soil was correlated with MT use and it diminished to the 50 % with HTT: (MT 6.12 tha^–1 year^–1; CMT 5.0 tha^–1 year^–1; ATT 3.7 tha^–1 year^–1 and HTT 2.73 tha^–1 year^–1. ATT generated the bigger cost–reducing and environmental retribution, because his production (13 tha^–1 was major than the average obtained in the treatments (12.4 tha^–1 and the lost one belonging to ground was minor than the generated for MT and CMT.Este estudio avaluó la pérdida y los cambios en las propiedades físicas del suelo y la producción de papa amarilla Solanum phureja, como resultado de cuatro sistemas de labranza (Tracción humana, LTH; Tracción animal, LTA; Mecánica, LM; y Mecánica combinada, LMC en Santa Lucía, municipio de Tuluá, región alto andina de Colombia a 2.870 msnm. Los tratamientos se evaluaron usando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones. La pérdida de suelo se determinó por medio de canaletas de escorrentía. La información se analizó por medio de una matriz de cambio para

[Influence of postoperative pelvic floor function on different surgical procedures of hysterectomy].

Science.gov (United States)

Tan, A L; Hong, L; Zhao, Y Z; Jiang, L

2017-05-25

Objective: To compare the influence of postoperative pelvic floor function after different surgical procedures of hysterectomy. Methods: A total of 260 patients who underwent hysterectomy in Renmin hospital of Wuhan University from January 2012 to January 2014 were enrolled in the study, and divided into 5 groups by different surgical procedures, which were total abdominal hysterectomy (A-TH; 46 cases), total laparoscopic hysterectomy (L-TH; 59 cases), total vaginal hysterectomy (V-TH; 42 cases), abdominal intrafascial hysterectomy (A-CISH; 78 cases), laparoscopic intrafascial hysterectomy (L-CISH; 35 cases). Pelvic examination, pelvic organ prolapse quantitation (POP-Q), test of pelvic muscle strength, pelvic floor distress inventory-short form 20 (PFDI-20) and the female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaire were measured after 6 months and 12 months. Results: The differences of pelvic organ prolapse incidence after 6 months, A-TH and A-CISH [7% (3/46) versus 3% (2/78)], A-TH and L-CISH [7% (3/46) versus 3% (1/35)] were statistically significance (all P CISH was statistically different in degree ( P CISH [59% (27/46) versus 29% (23/78)], A-TH and L-CISH [59% (27/46) versus 26% (9/35)] were statistically significant (all P CISH [61% (36/59) versus 29%(23/78)] was statistically different ( P CISH [53% (31/59) verus 24% (19/78)], V-TH and A-CISH [60% (25/42) verus 24% (19/78)], V-TH and L-CISH [60% (25/42) verus 23% (8/35)] were statistically significant (all P CISH [57% (24/42) versus 26%(20/78)] was statistically significant ( P 0.05), PFDI-20 total score was not statistically significant ( P >0.05). FSFI total score after 6 months and 12 months in A-TH and A-CISH, L-TH and A-CISH, A-CISH and L-CISH were statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion: The influences of different surgical procedures to pelvic floor function are no statistical difference; as to the surgical resection of hysterectomy, intrafascia hysterectomy compared with extrafascia

Inter-atomic interaction between electrons, 2

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Haga, Eijiro; Kato, Tomohiko; Aisaka, Tsuyoshi.

1978-01-01

Intra- and inter-atomic interactions in the exchange process are defined with respect to the Wannier function rather than the atomic function. In relation to the neutron scattering data for nickel, the behavior for the effective exchange parameter I(q) in the q-dependent susceptibility is, in RPA, investigated by taking into account the main types of the nearest neighbor interactions and by extending our previous treatment. The different types of interactions lead to different behavior for the q-dependence of I(q). The contribution to I(q) from inter-atomic interactions other than the exchange type decreases as the surface area of the Fermi surface becomes large. For the exchange type, the l-th neighbor interaction with l<=4 is taken into account, and, from the comparison with the empirical result for I(q), it is found that the inter-atomic contribution to I(0) is about thirty percent with a reasonable decrease against l. (author)

Characterisation of the Polyethylene Glycol Impregnation of the Swedish Warship Vasa and one of the Danish Skuldelev Viking Ships

DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

Mortensen, M.N.; Egsgaard, Helge; Hvilsted, Søren

2007-01-01

The Swedish l7th century warship Vasa and the Danish Skuldelev Viking ships from the 1 lth century were impregnated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the 1960s. The molecular weight, amount and integrity of this PEG were investigated at a range of depths below the wood surface. Large amounts of PEG...... could be extracted from degraded parts of the ships but hardly any from sound parts. Mass spectrometry showed that PEG 4000 is present only in the surface layers of the wood, PEG 1500 and PEG 600 are present at all depths of the wood that has been treated with it. Low molecular weight PEG was detected...... in one of the Skuldelev ships by mass spectrometry and Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC), it is argued that this is due to degradation of PEG 4000. SEC also showed that PEG 600 is the major PEG component in the Vasa which makes this particular object sensitive to changes in air humidity since PEG 600...

Electrochemically synthesized large area network of Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z} layered triple hydroxides nanosheets: A high performance supercapacitor

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gupta, Vinay [Carbon Technology Unit, National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012 (India); Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, Kyushu University, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Gupta, Shubhra; Miura, Norio [Art, Science and Technology Center for Cooperative Research, Kyushu University, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan)

2009-04-15

A network of Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z} layered triple hydroxides (LTHs) nanosheets was prepared by the potentiostatic deposition process at -1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) onto stainless steel electrodes. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z}LTHs belong to the hexagonal system with layered structure. Cyclic voltammetry and charge discharge measurements in the potential range of -0.1 to 0.5 V and 0.0-0.4 V, respectively, vs. Ag/AgCl in 1 M KOH electrolyte indicate that Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z}LTHs have excellent supercapacitive characteristics. The maximum specific capacitance of {proportional_to}1263 F g{sup -1} was obtained for Co{sub 0.59}Ni{sub 0.21}Al{sub 0.20}LTH. The impedance studies indicated highly conducting nature of the Co{sub x}Ni{sub y}Al{sub z}LTHs. (author)

Evaluación de dos sistemas de riego por goteo en la producción y la calidad de la fruta de pera (Pyrus communis L. variedad Triunfo de Viena Evaluation of two drip irrigation systems in production and fruit quality of pear (Pyrus communis L. cv. Triunfo de Viena

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

María Cristina Arenas-Bautista

2012-01-01

Full Text Available El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la utilización del sistema de doble línea de riego versus el tradicional de una línea por hilera de plantas en la producción y calidad de la pera (Pyrus communis variedad Triunfo de Viena. La investigación se basó en la aplicación de dos tratamientos definidos, uno consistente en una línea de goteo por hilera de plantas con seis emisores de 8 lt/h y otro, con dos líneas de goteo por hilera de plantas con tres emisores de 8 lt/h cada uno Se utilizaron sensores Watermark para medir y controlar el potencial matricial del suelo. Se cubrió el 100% de la evapotranspiración potencial que fue de 55.5 mm/mes. Los resultados obtenidos de las variables hídricas del suelo permitieron programar el riego y garantizar el suministro de agua adecuado en el periodo de déficit hídrico. El tratamiento de doble línea no difirió significativamente del control, lo que indica que utilizar una línea de riego permite obtener una producción y calidad similares con un menor costo inicial del equipo.The rational use of water becomes every day ever more important in fruit production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of double drip line from a line by line plant in pear (Pyrus communis production, cv. Triunfo de Viena. The research was based on the application of two specific processes, one consisting of a drip line per row of plants with six emitters of 8 lt h-1 and another with two drip lines per row of plants with three emitters of 8 lt h-1 each. Watermark sensors were used to measure and control the soil matric potential. It covered 100% of potential evapotranspiration, which amounted to 55.5 mm month-1. The results of the variables permitted ground water irrigation scheduling and ensure adequate water supply during the period of water deficit. The double-line treatment did not differ significantly from the control in terms of production and fruit quality, which

Experimental evidences of methanolic extraction of Cressa cretica Linn. on alloxan induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats

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B. Lalitha Kumari

2016-09-01

Full Text Available In the present study, the physico-metabolic parameters measured were: serum insulin, serum lipid profile, serum biomarker enzymes and anti-oxidant enzymes, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, total proteins, alanine transaminase (ALT, aspartate transaminase (AST, creatinine, insulin assay (RIA, for in vivo anti-oxidant activity of MECC was measured in liver tissue homogenate (LTH by malondialdehyde (MDA, glutathione (GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD enzymes and histopathological examination of pancreas were also observed. Previously, the methonolic extract of Cressa cretica Linn. effect on alloxan induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats was proved by taking the parameters like body weight, blood glucose, glycogen content in liver and muscle. Oral administration of MECC (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg for 28 days exhibited a significant reduction in blood glucose, serum ALT, AST, CR, lipid profile and hepatic MDA levels. The improvement of hepatic enzymes such as GSH, serum TP, HDL, insulin levels were also observed. The results of this work also suggest that MECC may possess anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidant property.

A database on electric vehicle use in Sweden. Final report

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Fridstrand, Niklas [Lund Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation

2000-05-01

The Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation (IEA) at the Lund Institute of Technology (LTH), has taken responsibility for developing and maintaining a database on electric and hybrid road vehicles in Sweden. The Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board, (KFB) initiated the development of this database. Information is collected from three major cities in Sweden: Malmoe, Gothenburg and Stockholm, as well as smaller cities such as Skellefteaa and Haernoesand in northern Sweden. This final report summarises the experience gained during the development and maintenance of the database from February 1996 to December 1999. Our aim was to construct a well-functioning database for the evaluation of electric and hybrid road vehicles in Sweden. The database contains detailed information on several years' use of electric vehicles (EVs) in Sweden (for example, 220 million driving records). Two data acquisition systems were used, one less and one more complex with respect to the number of quantities logged. Unfortunately, data collection was not complete, due to malfunctioning of the more complex system, and due to human factors for the less complex system.

Exopolysaccharide-forming Weissella strains as starter cultures for sorghum and wheat sourdoughs.

Science.gov (United States)

Galle, Sandra; Schwab, Clarissa; Arendt, Elke; Gänzle, Michael

2010-05-12

The addition of sourdough fermented with lactic acid bacteria synthesizing organic acids and oligo- and exopolysaccharides (EPS) from sucrose enhances texture, nutritional value, shelf life, and machinability of wheat, rye, and gluten-free bread. This study compared acetate, mannitol, and oligosaccharide formation of EPS-producing strains of Weissella and Leuconostoc spp. to the traditional sourdough starter Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis. In broth, Leuconostoc strains generally formed acetate and mannitol, whereas Weissella produced only small amounts of acetate and no mannitol in the presence of sucrose. In the presence of sucrose and maltose, Weissella and Leuconostoc strains synthesized glucooligosaccharides and EPS. Strains of Weissella were employed as starter cultures for wheat and sorghum sourdough and formed 0.8-8 g kg(-1) EPS and gluco-oligosaccharides but only low amounts of acetate and mannitol. In contrast, the formation of EPS from sucrose led to the production of high amounts of acetate and mannitol by L. sanfranciscensis LTH 2950 in wheat sourdough. This study indicates that Weissella strains are suitable starter cultures for wheat and sorghum sourdoughs and efficiently produce gluco-oligosaccharides and EPS.

Static and dynamic modelling of gas turbines in advanced cycles

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gustafsson, Jan-Olof

1998-12-01

Gas turbines have been in operation for at least 50 years. The engine is used for propulsion of aircraft and high speed ships. It is used for power production in remote locations and for peak load and emergency situations. Gas turbines have been used in combined cycles for 20 to 30 years. Highly efficient power plants based on gas turbines are a competitive option for the power industry today. The thermal efficiency of the simple cycle gas turbine has increased due to higher turbine inlet temperatures and improved compressor and expander designs. Equally important are the improved cycles in which the gas turbine operates. One example is the combined cycle that uses steam for turbine cooling. Steam is extracted from the bottoming cycle, then used as airfoil coolant in a closed loop and returned to the bottoming cycle. The Evaporative Gas Turbine (EvGT), also known as the Humid Air Turbine (HAT), is another advanced cycle. A mixture of air and water vapour is used as working media. Air from the compressor outlet is humidified and then preheated in a recuperator prior to combustion. The static and dynamic performance is changed when the gas turbine is introduced in an evaporative cycle. The cycle is gaining in popularity, but so far it has not been demonstrated. A Swedish joint program to develop the cycle has been in operation since 1993. As part of the program, a small pilot plant is being erected at the Lund Institute of Technology (LTH). The plant is based on a 600 kW gas turbine, and demonstration of the EvGT cycle started autumn 1998 and will continue, in the present phase, for one year. This thesis presents static and dynamic models for traditional gas turbine components, such as, the compressor, combustor, expander and recuperator. A static model for the humidifier is presented, based on common knowledge for atmospheric humidification. All models were developed for the pilot plant at LTH with the objective to support evaluation of the process and individual

The Brookhaven Radiation Effects Facility

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Grand, P.; Snead, C.L.; Ward, T.

1988-01-01

The Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) Radiation Effects Facility (REF), funded by the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) through the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL), has been constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Operation started in October 1986. The facility is capable of delivering pulsed H{sup -}, H{sup o}, and H{sup +} beams of 100 to 200 MeV energy up to 30 mA peak current. Pulses can be adjusted from 5 {mu}s to 500 {mu}s length at a repetition rate of 5 pps. The beam spot on target is adjustable from 3 to 100 cm diameter (2 {sigma}) resulting in a maximum dose of about 10 MRads (Si) per pulse (small beam spot). Experimental use of the REF is being primarily supported by the SDI lethality (LTH-4) program. The program has addressed ionization effects in electronics, both dose rate and total dose dependence, radiation-sensitive components, and dE/dx effects in energetic materials including propellants and high explosives (HE). This paper describes the facility, its capabilities and potential, and the experiments that have been carried out to date or are being planned. 2 refs., 10 figs.

The Brookhaven Radiation Effects Facility

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Grand, P.; Snead, C.L.; Ward, T.

1988-01-01

The Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) Radiation Effects Facility (REF), funded by the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO) through the Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) and the Air Force Weapons Laboratory (AFWL), has been constructed at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). Operation started in October 1986. The facility is capable of delivering pulsed H - , H/sup o/, and H + beams of 100 to 200 MeV energy up to 30 mA peak current. Pulses can be adjusted from 5 μs to 500 μs length at a repetition rate of 5 pps. The beam spot on target is adjustable from 3 to 100 cm diameter (2 σ) resulting in a maximum dose of about 10 MRads (Si) per pulse (small beam spot). Experimental use of the REF is being primarily supported by the SDI lethality (LTH-4) program. The program has addressed ionization effects in electronics, both dose rate and total dose dependence, radiation-sensitive components, and dE/dx effects in energetic materials including propellants and high explosives (HE). This paper describes the facility, its capabilities and potential, and the experiments that have been carried out to date or are being planned. 2 refs., 10 figs

Research program on nuclear technology and nuclear safety; Forschungsprogramm Kerntechnik und Nukleare Sicherheit - Synthesebericht 2009 des BFE-Programmleiters

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dreier, J.

2010-04-15

This paper elaborated for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the synthesis report for 2009 made by the SFOE's program leader on the research program concerning nuclear technology and nuclear safety. Work carried out, knowledge gained and results obtained in the various areas are reported on. These include projects carried out in the Laboratory for Reactor Physics and System Behaviour LRS, the LTH Thermohydraulics Laboratory, the Laboratory for Nuclear Materials LNM, the Laboratory for Final Storage Safety LES and the Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis LEA of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI. Work done in 2009 and results obtained are reported on, including research on transients in Swiss reactors, risk and human reliability. Work on the 'Proteus' research reactor is reported on, as is work done on component safety. International co-operation in the area of serious accidents and the disposal of nuclear wastes is reported on. Future concepts for reactors and plant life management are discussed. The energy business in general is also discussed. Finally, national and international co-operation is noted and work to be done in 2010 is reviewed.

Research program on nuclear technology and nuclear safety

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Dreier, J.

2010-04-01

This paper elaborated for the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) presents the synthesis report for 2009 made by the SFOE's program leader on the research program concerning nuclear technology and nuclear safety. Work carried out, knowledge gained and results obtained in the various areas are reported on. These include projects carried out in the Laboratory for Reactor Physics and System Behaviour LRS, the LTH Thermohydraulics Laboratory, the Laboratory for Nuclear Materials LNM, the Laboratory for Final Storage Safety LES and the Laboratory for Energy Systems Analysis LEA of the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI. Work done in 2009 and results obtained are reported on, including research on transients in Swiss reactors, risk and human reliability. Work on the 'Proteus' research reactor is reported on, as is work done on component safety. International co-operation in the area of serious accidents and the disposal of nuclear wastes is reported on. Future concepts for reactors and plant life management are discussed. The energy business in general is also discussed. Finally, national and international co-operation is noted and work to be done in 2010 is reviewed

Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs.

Science.gov (United States)

Yang, Yan; Zhao, Xin; Le, Minh H A; Zijlstra, Ruurd T; Gänzle, Michael G

2015-01-01

Lactobacillus reuteri is used as probiotic culture in food and feed applications; however, strain specific properties of L. reuteri that mediate probiotic activity remain unknown. This study aimed to determine effects of feed fermentation with exopolysaccharide and reutericyclin producing L. reuteri on the transition of the gut microbiome of piglets after weaning. The reutericyclin and reuteran producing L. reuteri TMW1.656 was compared to the reutericyclin negative and levan producing L. reuteri LTH5794 and unfermented controls. Both strains were fermented at conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation, or at conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Fecal microbiota were characterized by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and by quantitative PCR targeting clostridial toxins. The transition to solid food resulted in a transient increase of Proteobacteria to 12% of total bacteria, and increased bacterial diversity by increasing the abundance of anaerobic fiber fermenting Firmicutes. Three weeks after weaning, Prevotella and Lactobacillus were among the dominant bacterial genera. Feed fermentation with L. reuteri affected the abundance of few bacterial taxa and particularly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P reuteri increased the abundance of Dialister spp. and Mitsuokella spp. (P reuteri to probiotic activity will facilitate the strain selection for probiotic applications in food and feed.

Evaluation of growth, metabolism and production of potentially bioactive components during fermentation of barley with Lactobacillus reuteri.

Science.gov (United States)

Pallin, Anton; Agback, Peter; Jonsson, Hans; Roos, Stefan

2016-08-01

Eighteen bacterial isolates from millet, buckwheat and rye flour were identified as Lactobacillus reuteri. Genomic fingerprinting (rep-PCR) revealed that they represented five strains and phylogenetic analyses using multi locus sequence analysis (MLSA) showed that all clustered with strains of rodent origin. Two strains (SU12-3 and SU18-3) from different phylogenetic clades were used in fermentations of six varieties of barley, both untreated and heat-treated (with inactivated indigenous enzymes) flour. They were compared with two probiotic strains of human origin (DSM 17938 and ATCC PTA 6475), one previously isolated sourdough strain (LTH 5531) and one strain of Lactobacillus plantarum (36E). Analyses of growth (CFU) and metabolism (1H-NMR) revealed differences at species level, with L. plantarum showing a higher capacity to assimilate nutrients without help of the cereal enzymes. Similarities were observed between L. reuteri strains isolated from sourdough, while the greatest differences between L. reuteri strains were observed between strains 6475 and 17938. Multivariate analysis of the metabolic profiles revealed clear clustering according to flour treatment, species of bacteria and barley variety and to some extent also bacterial strain. Possible bioactive compounds such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 1,3- propanediol (sign of reuterin production) and histamine were identified and quantified. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A generalized form of the Bernoulli Trial collision scheme in DSMC: Derivation and evaluation

Science.gov (United States)

Roohi, Ehsan; Stefanov, Stefan; Shoja-Sani, Ahmad; Ejraei, Hossein

2018-02-01

The impetus of this research is to present a generalized Bernoulli Trial collision scheme in the context of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Previously, a subsequent of several collision schemes have been put forward, which were mathematically based on the Kac stochastic model. These include Bernoulli Trial (BT), Ballot Box (BB), Simplified Bernoulli Trial (SBT) and Intelligent Simplified Bernoulli Trial (ISBT) schemes. The number of considered pairs for a possible collision in the above-mentioned schemes varies between N (l) (N (l) - 1) / 2 in BT, 1 in BB, and (N (l) - 1) in SBT or ISBT, where N (l) is the instantaneous number of particles in the lth cell. Here, we derive a generalized form of the Bernoulli Trial collision scheme (GBT) where the number of selected pairs is any desired value smaller than (N (l) - 1), i.e., Nsel < (N (l) - 1), keeping the same the collision frequency and accuracy of the solution as the original SBT and BT models. We derive two distinct formulas for the GBT scheme, where both formula recover BB and SBT limits if Nsel is set as 1 and N (l) - 1, respectively, and provide accurate solutions for a wide set of test cases. The present generalization further improves the computational efficiency of the BT-based collision models compared to the standard no time counter (NTC) and nearest neighbor (NN) collision models.

The Pyrolysis Kinetics of Large Biomass Particles. Summary Report 2000-2002

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Davidsson, Kent O.; Hagstroem, Magnus; Stojkova, Borka; Andersson, Patrik U.; Loenn, Benny; Pettersson, Jan B.C. [Goeteborg Univ. (Sweden). Dept. of Chemistry

2002-12-01

This report describes the progress made during the first two years of the present project. The aim of the project is to provide experimental data on single biomass particle pyrolysis that have an applied as well as a fundamental bearing. Transport phenomena and kinetics on the single particle level are characterized, including heat and mass transport processes. New experimental techniques and methods are applied and developed within the project. A single-particle reactor has been developed for the investigations, and several detection techniques including fast thermogravimetric analysis, molecular beam mass spectrometry (MBMS), laser spectroscopy, video recording and pyrometry are applied. The experimental data are used to develop robust models for pyrolysis and gasification, which are essential components in the design of gasification and combustion reactors. The project is a cooperation between the Department of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Goeteborg University and the Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology/Chemical Technology, KTH, and personnel from both universities are directly involved in the work. Both groups are members of the CeCoST program. The project also involves cooperation with Department of Energy Conversion, CTH, and Combustion Physics, LTH. This cooperation has during the present project period involved laser spectroscopic studies of biomass pyrolysis. During the coming project period, we also intend to include direct comparisons between pyrolysis models developed by the different groups.

Interactions of meat-associated bacteriocin-producing Lactobacilli with Listeria innocua under stringent sausage fermentation conditions.

Science.gov (United States)

Leroy, Frédéric; Lievens, Kristoff; De Vuyst, Luc

2005-10-01

The kinetics of the antilisterial effect of meat-associated lactobacilli on Listeria innocua LMG 13568 were investigated during laboratory batch fermentations. During these fermentations, which were performed in a liquid meat simulation medium, a combination of process factors typical for European-style sausage fermentations was applied, such as a temperature of 20 degrees C and a representative pH and salting profile. Two bacteriocin-producing sausage isolates (Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494 and Lactobacillus curvatus LTH 1174), which have already proven efficacy in sausage trials, and one nonbacteriocinogenic, industrial strain (Lactobacillus sakei I), were evaluated. Staphylococcus carnosus 833 was included in the experiment because of its role in flavor and color development. When grown as a monoculture or upon cocultivation with L. sakei I and S. carnosus 833, L. innocua LMG 13568 developed slightly, despite the stress of low temperature, pH, lactic acid, salt, and nitrite. In contrast, when either of the bacteriocin producers was used, the L. innocua LMG 13568 population was rapidly inactivated with more than 3 log CFU ml(-1) after 2 days of fermentation. A bacteriocin-tolerant L. innocua LMG 13568 subpopulation (4 X 10(-4)) remained after bacteriocin inactivation. Thus, when the initial level of L. innocua LMG 13568 equaled 3 log CFU ml(-1), all cells were inactivated and no bacteriocin-tolerant cells were detected, even after 7 days of incubation. S. carnosus was not inactivated by the Lactobacillus bacteriocins and displayed slight growth.

Reutericyclin producing Lactobacillus reuteri modulates development of fecal microbiota in weanling pigs

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Yan eYang

2015-07-01

Full Text Available Lactobacillus reuteri is used as probiotic culture in food and feed applications; however, strain specific properties of L. reuteri that mediate probiotic activity remain unknown. This study aimed to determine effects of feed fermentation with exopolysaccharide and reutericyclin producing L. reuteri on the transition of the gut microbiome of piglets after weaning. The reutericyclin and reuteran producing L. reuteri TMW1.656 was compared to the reutericyclin negative and levan producing L. reuteri LTH5794 and unfermented controls. Both strains were fermented at conditions supporting exopolysaccharide formation, or at conditions not supporting exopolysaccharide formation. Fecal microbiota were characterized by partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes, and by quantitative PCR targeting clostridial toxins. The transition to solid food resulted in a transient increase of Proteobacteria to 12% of total bacteria, and increased bacterial diversity by increasing the abundance of anaerobic fibre fermenting Firmicutes. Three weeks after weaning, Prevotella and Lactobacillus were among the dominant bacterial genera. Feed fermentation with L. reuteri affected the abundance of few bacterial taxa and particularly reduced the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P<0.05 when compared to unfermented controls. Reutericyclin producing L. reuteri increased the abundance of Dialister spp. and Mitsuokella spp. (P<0.05 but did not influence the abundance of clostridial toxins in the feces. In conclusion, data on the contribution of specific metabolic activities of L. reuteri to probiotic activity will facilitate the strain selection for probiotic applications in food and feed.

Behavior of the meat-borne bacterium Lactobacillus sakei during its transit through the gastrointestinal tracts of axenic and conventional mice.

Science.gov (United States)

Chiaramonte, Fabrizio; Blugeon, Sébastien; Chaillou, Stéphane; Langella, Philippe; Zagorec, Monique

2009-07-01

A Lactobacillus sakei strain named FLEC01 was isolated from human feces and characterized genotypically. Comparison of the genetic features of this strain with those of both the meat-borne L. sakei strain 23K and another human isolate, LTH5590, showed that they belong to different but closely related clusters. The three L. sakei strains did not persist and only transited through the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of conventional C3H/HeN mice. In contrast, they all colonized the GITs of axenic mice and rapidly reached a population of 10(9) CFU/g of feces, which remained stable until day 51. Five days after mice were fed, a first subpopulation, characterized by small colonies, appeared and reached 50% of the total L. sakei population in mice. Fifteen to 21 days after feeding, a second subpopulation, characterized by rough colonies, appeared. It coexisted with the two other populations until day 51, and its cell shapes were also affected, suggesting a dysfunction of the cell division or cell wall. No clear difference between the behaviors of the meat-borne strain and the two human isolates in both conventional and axenic mice was observed, suggesting that L. sakei is a food-borne bacterium rather than a commensal one and that its presence in human feces originates from diet. Previous observations of Escherichia coli strains suggest that the mouse GIT environment could induce mutations to increase their survival and colonization capacities. Here, we observed similar mutations concerning a food-grade gram-positive bacterium for the first time.

Synthesis of Taste-Active γ-Glutamyl Dipeptides during Sourdough Fermentation by Lactobacillus reuteri.

Science.gov (United States)

Zhao, Cindy J; Gänzle, Michael G

2016-10-12

This study aimed to assess whether peptides influence the taste of sourdough bread. γ-Glutamyl dipeptides with known kokumi taste threshold, namely γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Leu, γ-Glu-Ile, γ-Glu-Phe, γ-Glu-Met, and γ-Glu-Val, were identified in sourdough by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in MRM mode. γ-Glutamyl dipeptides were found in higher concentrations in sourdough fermented with Lactobacillus reuteri when compared to the chemically acidified controls. Proteolysis was an important factor for generation of γ-glutamyl dipeptides. Sourdoughs fermented with four strains of L. reuteri had different concentrations of γ-Glu-Glu, γ-Glu-Leu, and γ-Glu-Met, indicating strain-specific differences in enzyme activity. Buffer fermentations with L. reuteri confirmed the ability of the strains to convert amino acids to γ-glutamyl dipeptides as well as the strain-specific differences. Sensory evaluation of bread revealed that sourdough bread with higher concentrations of γ-glutamyl dipeptides ranked higher with respect to the taste intensity when compared to regular bread and type I sourdough bread. Sourdough breads fermented with L. reuteri LTH5448 and L. reuteri 100-23 differed with respect to the intensity of the salty taste; this difference corresponded to a different concentration of γ-glutamyl dipeptides. These results suggest a strain-specific contribution of γ-glutamyl dipeptides to the taste of bread. The use of sourdough fermented with glutamate and kokumi peptide accumulating lactobacilli improved the taste of bread without adverse effect on other taste or quality attributes.

Cellular, molecular, and epigenetic mechanisms in non-associative conditioning: implications for pain and memory.

Science.gov (United States)

Rahn, Elizabeth J; Guzman-Karlsson, Mikael C; David Sweatt, J

2013-10-01

Sensitization is a form of non-associative conditioning in which amplification of behavioral responses can occur following presentation of an aversive or noxious stimulus. Understanding the cellular and molecular underpinnings of sensitization has been an overarching theme spanning the field of learning and memory as well as that of pain research. In this review we examine how sensitization, both in the context of learning as well as pain processing, shares evolutionarily conserved behavioral, cellular/synaptic, and epigenetic mechanisms across phyla. First, we characterize the behavioral phenomenon of sensitization both in invertebrates and vertebrates. Particular emphasis is placed on long-term sensitization (LTS) of withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia following aversive stimulation or injury, although additional invertebrate models are also covered. In the context of vertebrates, sensitization of mammalian hyperarousal in a model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as mammalian models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain is characterized. Second, we investigate the cellular and synaptic mechanisms underlying these behaviors. We focus our discussion on serotonin-mediated long-term facilitation (LTF) and axotomy-mediated long-term hyperexcitability (LTH) in reduced Aplysia systems, as well as mammalian spinal plasticity mechanisms of central sensitization. Third, we explore recent evidence implicating epigenetic mechanisms in learning- and pain-related sensitization. This review illustrates the fundamental and functional overlay of the learning and memory field with the pain field which argues for homologous persistent plasticity mechanisms in response to sensitizing stimuli or injury across phyla. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A thiamin-bound, pre-decarboxylation reaction intermediate analogue in the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit induces large scale disorder-to-order transformations in the enzyme and reveals novel structural features in the covalently bound adduct.

Science.gov (United States)

Arjunan, Palaniappa; Sax, Martin; Brunskill, Andrew; Chandrasekhar, Krishnamoorthy; Nemeria, Natalia; Zhang, Sheng; Jordan, Frank; Furey, William

2006-06-02

The crystal structure of the E1 component from the Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) has been determined with phosphonolactylthiamin diphosphate (PLThDP) in its active site. PLThDP serves as a structural and electrostatic analogue of the natural intermediate alpha-lactylthiamin diphosphate (LThDP), in which the carboxylate from the natural substrate pyruvate is replaced by a phosphonate group. This represents the first example of an experimentally determined, three-dimensional structure of a thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent enzyme containing a covalently bound, pre-decarboxylation reaction intermediate analogue and should serve as a model for the corresponding intermediates in other ThDP-dependent decarboxylases. Regarding the PDHc-specific reaction, the presence of PLThDP induces large scale conformational changes in the enzyme. In conjunction with the E1-PLThDP and E1-ThDP structures, analysis of a H407A E1-PLThDP variant structure shows that an interaction between His-407 and PLThDP is essential for stabilization of two loop regions in the active site that are otherwise disordered in the absence of intermediate analogue. This ordering completes formation of the active site and creates a new ordered surface likely involved in interactions with the lipoyl domains of E2s within the PDHc complex. The tetrahedral intermediate analogue is tightly held in the active site through direct hydrogen bonds to residues His-407, Tyr-599, and His-640 and reveals a new, enzyme-induced, strain-related feature that appears to aid in the decarboxylation process. This feature is almost certainly present in all ThDP-dependent decarboxylases; thus its inclusion in our understanding of general thiamin catalysis is important.

Combustion Behaviour of Pulverised Wood - Numerical and Experimental Studies. Part 1 Numerical Study

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Elfasakhany, A.; Xue-Song Bai [Lund Inst. of Tech. (Sweden). Dept. of Heat and Power Engineering

2002-12-01

This report describes a theoretical/numerical investigation of the particle motion and the particle drying, pyrolysis, oxidation of volatile and char in a pulverised biofuel (wood) flame. This work, along with the experimental measurement of a pulverised wood flame in a vertical furnace at TPS, is supported by the Swedish Energy Agency, STEM. The fundamental combustion process of a pulverised wood flame with determined size distribution and anisotropy character is studied. Comprehensive submodels are studied and some models not available in the literature are developed. The submodels are integrated to a CFD code, previously developed at LTH. The numerical code is used to simulate the experimental flame carried out at TPS (as sub-task 2 within the project). The sub-models describe the drying, devolatilization, char formation of wood particles, and the oxidation reaction of char and the gas phase volatile. At the present stage, the attention is focused on the understanding and modelling of non-spherical particle dynamics and the drying, pyrolysis, and oxidation of volatile and char. Validation of the sub-models against the experimental data is presented and discussed in this study. The influence of different factors on the pulverised wood flame in the TPS vertical furnace is investigated. This includes shape of the particles, the effect of volatile release, as well as the orientation of the particles on the motion of the particles. The effect of particle size on the flame structure (distribution of species and temperature along the axis of the furnace) is also studied. The numerical simulation is in close agreement with the TPS experimental data in the concentrations of species O{sub 2}, CO{sub 2} as well as temperature. Some discrepancy between the model simulations and measurements is observed, which suggests that further improvement in our understanding and modeling the pulverised wood flame is needed.

Solar shading for low energy use and daylight quality in offices: Simulations, measurements and design tools

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Dubois, M.C.

2001-11-01

This thesis investigates the impact of solar shading devices on energy use and daylight quality in office rooms. The impact on energy use is analysed through computer simulations with the dynamic energy simulation program Derob-LTH while the impact on daylight quality is investigated through measurements in full-scale experimental office rooms and simulations with the program Radiance. This thesis also includes a literature review of research on solar shading as well as design tools to incorporate shading devices at an early stage in the design of buildings. This thesis indicates that, in cold countries, shading devices may provide more annual energy savings than any solar-protective (reflective, tinted) glazing and that the optimum glazing transmittance is orientation- and climate-dependent. For example, high annual energy savings are obtained on the south facade with higher transmittance glazings (compared with the east and west facade) because the potential for passive solar gain utilisation in the winter is high in comparison with the annual cooling demand. Exterior shading devices like awnings and overhangs may reduce the cooling demand dramatically but they are not suitable as daylight (glare) control devices. Devices like screens and venetian blinds are preferable because they cover the entire window area, which prevents sunlight patches in the room and the direct view of the bright sky. Screens and venetian blinds also reduce daylight in the room to levels that are suitable for computer work. However, it is essential that the screen is of a diffusing type since screens with a strong (specular) transmittance component result in poor daylight quality. The study on daylight quality also indicated that a screen transmittance of around 15 % may be optimum for a standard (3.5 by 6.0 m{sup 2}) south-oriented office room with a window covering around 25 % of the facade area (12 % of the floor area)

Calibration and assessment of channel-specific biases in microarray data with extended dynamical range.

Science.gov (United States)

Bengtsson, Henrik; Jönsson, Göran; Vallon-Christersson, Johan

2004-11-12

cross-platform R package aroma, which implements all described methods, is available for free from http://www.maths.lth.se/bioinformatics/.

Energy-efficient window systems. Effects on energy use and daylight in buildings

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Buelow-Huebe, H.

2001-11-01

This thesis deals with energy-efficient windows in Swedish buildings. Parametric studies were performed in the dynamic energy simulation tool Derob-LTH in order to study the effects of window choices on energy use and indoor climate for both residential and office buildings. A steady-state program was used to evaluate two years of measurements of energy use and indoor temperatures of an energy-efficient row-house. Two behavioural studies regarding (1) daylight transmittance, view and room perception using super-insulated windows and (2) the satisfaction with the daylight environment and the use of shading devices in response to daylight/sunlight were conducted in full-scale laboratory environments exposed to the natural climate. Results show that as the energy-efficiency of buildings increase, window U-values must decrease in order not to increase the annual heating demand, since the heating season is shortened, and useful solar gains become smaller. For single-family houses with a window-to-floor area ratio of 15 % and insulated according the current Swedish building code, the U-values should thus on average be lower than 1.0 W/m{sup 2}K. For houses insulated according to 1960s standard, the U-value may on average be 1.6 W/m{sup 2}K. For colder climates (northern Sweden), the U-values should be somewhat lower, while slightly higher U-values can be tolerated in milder climates of south Sweden. Thermal comfort during winter is improved for energy-efficient windows. However, overheating problems exist for both super-insulated houses and highly glazed office buildings showing a need for very low U-values in combination with low g-values. Daylight experiments indicate that the use of two low-emittance coatings tints the transmitted daylight enough to be appreciated, and colours may be perceived as more drab and rooms more enclosed. A compromise between energy-efficiency and daylighting may be needed, and it is suggested that only one coating be used except when very

Final Report for grant ER54958, 'Gyrokinetic Particle Simulation of Turbulent Transport in Burning Plasmas'

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Decyk, Viktor K.

2011-01-01

widely used in plasma modeling in DOE, not only in areas in fusion energy as exemplified by GTC, but in high energy physics, plasma accelerators, ICF, and other areas. In 2010, about 12% of the INCITE grants in DOE were devoted to PIC codes. We began by developing a simple 2D electrostatic PIC code for the NVIDIA Tesla C1060 GPU based on one of the codes from the UPIC Framework. The major new feature of this code was the implementation of a streaming algorithm, where the two major data elements (particles and fields) are read only once each time step with an optimal memory access pattern (unit stride). To achieve this, particles need to be ordered by cell and we developed a particle reordering scheme that worked effectively on this hardware. The first results used global memory only and achieved a speedup of 13 compared to a 2.67 GHz Intel Nehalem processor, and were published in the ICAP conference proceedings in 2009. In the next version, we parameterized the code to make it adaptable to different architectures. The reordering algorithm was generalized to allow more than one grid per sorting cell and more than one sorting cell per thread. We also added support for shared memory. The four tunable parameters were defined as follows: lth, the number of tightly coupled threads, ngpx and ngpy, the number of grids in a sorting cell, and ngpt, the number of sorting cells assigned to a thread. Increasing the number of grids per sorting cell reduced the cost of particle reordering, but it could increase the particle processing time because more shared memory was required. For the NVIDIA C1060, the optimal parameters were lth=32, ngpx=2, ngpy=3, ngpt = 1. Speedups of 15-25 were obtained compared to the Intel Nehalem, depending on plasma temperature. Details about the algorithm and performance results were published in 2011. The electrostatic PIC code was very simple, with low computational intensity (few floating point operations per memory access). Codes with higher

A hidden analytic structure of the Rabi model

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Moroz, Alexander

2014-01-01

The Rabi model describes the simplest interaction between a cavity mode with a frequency ω c and a two-level system with a resonance frequency ω 0 . It is shown here that the spectrum of the Rabi model coincides with the support of the discrete Stieltjes integral measure in the orthogonality relations of recently introduced orthogonal polynomials. The exactly solvable limit of the Rabi model corresponding to Δ=ω 0 /(2ω c )=0, which describes a displaced harmonic oscillator, is characterized by the discrete Charlier polynomials in normalized energy ϵ, which are orthogonal on an equidistant lattice. A non-zero value of Δ leads to non-classical discrete orthogonal polynomials ϕ k (ϵ) and induces a deformation of the underlying equidistant lattice. The results provide a basis for a novel analytic method of solving the Rabi model. The number of ca. 1350 calculable energy levels per parity subspace obtained in double precision (cca 16 digits) by an elementary stepping algorithm is up to two orders of magnitude higher than is possible to obtain by Braak’s solution. Any first n eigenvalues of the Rabi model arranged in increasing order can be determined as zeros of ϕ N (ϵ) of at least the degree N=n+n t . The value of n t >0, which is slowly increasing with n, depends on the required precision. For instance, n t ≃26 for n=1000 and dimensionless interaction constant κ=0.2, if double precision is required. Given that the sequence of the lth zeros x nl ’s of ϕ n (ϵ)’s defines a monotonically decreasing discrete flow with increasing n, the Rabi model is indistinguishable from an algebraically solvable model in any finite precision. Although we can rigorously prove our results only for dimensionless interaction constant κ<1, numerics and exactly solvable example suggest that the main conclusions remain to be valid also for κ≥1. -- Highlights: •A significantly simplified analytic solution of the Rabi model. •The spectrum is the lattice of discrete

Resveratrol, phenolic antioxidants, and saccharides in South American red wines

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Osorio-Macías DE

2018-01-01

Full Text Available Daniel E Osorio-Macías,1,2 Pamela Vásquez,3 Cristhian Carrasco,3 Bjorn Bergenstahl,1 J Mauricio Peñarrieta2 1Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; 2School of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Natural Sciences, 3Institute of Research and Development of Chemical Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia Abstract: Wine is an important beverage with a long tradition, and its moderate consumption may be considered beneficial for human health. Although there are many studies regarding phenolic compounds in wines, there is a lack of information about antioxidants and phenolic content in South American wines. In this study, 35 South American red wines from four different countries, vintages 2004–2013, purchased at retail stores in La Paz, Bolivia, were studied. Resveratrol content, total antioxidant capacity (TAC by the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzotiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP methods, total phenolic content (TPH, total flavonoids (TF, and main saccharides were assessed using the well-established spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatography methods. The results ranged from 4 to 24 mmol/L for TAC determined by ABTS method and 14 to 43 mmol/L for TAC determined by FRAP method, 1600 to 3500 mg gallic acid equivalents/L for TPH, and 2 to 6 mmol catechin equivalents /L for TF. The resveratrol content ranged from 0.1 to 8 mg/L. Saccharides, glucose, and fructose content ranged from 0.4 to 10 g/L, 1.4 to 8.6 g/L, and 0.2 to 12 g/L, respectively. There was a high correlation among the different methods. The results showed that some wines growing at high altitude (>1500 meters above the sea level have higher amounts of TAC and phenolic content, including resveratrol, while non-varietal wines showed the lowest values. It was also observed that the saccharose

'Am I as smart as my smart meter is?' - Swedish experience of statistics feedback to households

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Pyrko, Jurek (Lund University, Dept. of Energy Sciences (Sweden))

2011-07-01

This paper presents a synthesis of three cases from a study 'Information through digital channels and its potential to change electricity consumption patterns' within Elforsk ELAN-programme, AMR-Visualisation carried out by scientists from the Efficient Energy Use in Buildings Research Group at the Department of Energy Sciences, Lund University - LTH, Sweden. The main objective was to investigate the influence of improved energy feedback (Internet-based energy statistics services) on electricity savings and the potential of changing electricity use patterns in Swedish dwellings. The three case studies were conducted in collaboration with respective grid companies. The analysis integrated both quantitative and qualitative methods in order to investigate different aspects of customers' electricity consumption, energy behaviour, values and attitudes. Periods 'before' and 'after' the introduction of feedback measure were used. The customers were not influenced by the observations. An energy profile that would explore differences between users and non-users of the services (in terms of energy-related habits and behaviour) was used. The main hypothesis of this study assumed that the statistics service, as feedback to households, might lead to lower electricity consumption, thanks to better understanding of energy use patterns and costs. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The results of this study can be summarized in the following conclusions: - The users of the statistics service have shown either reduced or increased electricity use in the households. - The explanation why the households using the statistics service often have had increasing electricity usage could be that their rising power consumption caused a need to have better control over electricity needs and energy bills, and households started to use the statistics services for this reason. - The results did not confirm that users of statistics services have had significantly

[Data coding in the Israeli healthcare system - do choices provide the answers to our system's needs?].

Science.gov (United States)

Zelingher, Julian; Ash, Nachman

2013-05-01

The IsraeLi healthcare system has undergone major processes for the adoption of health information technologies (HIT), and enjoys high Levels of utilization in hospital and ambulatory care. Coding is an essential infrastructure component of HIT, and ts purpose is to represent data in a simplified and common format, enhancing its manipulation by digital systems. Proper coding of data enables efficient identification, storage, retrieval and communication of data. UtiLization of uniform coding systems by different organizations enables data interoperability between them, facilitating communication and integrating data elements originating in different information systems from various organizations. Current needs in Israel for heaLth data coding include recording and reporting of diagnoses for hospitalized patients, outpatients and visitors of the Emergency Department, coding of procedures and operations, coding of pathology findings, reporting of discharge diagnoses and causes of death, billing codes, organizational data warehouses and national registries. New national projects for cLinicaL data integration, obligatory reporting of quality indicators and new Ministry of Health (MOH) requirements for HIT necessitate a high Level of interoperability that can be achieved only through the adoption of uniform coding. Additional pressures were introduced by the USA decision to stop the maintenance of the ICD-9-CM codes that are also used by Israeli healthcare, and the adoption of ICD-10-C and ICD-10-PCS as the main coding system for billing purpose. The USA has also mandated utilization of SNOMED-CT as the coding terminology for the ELectronic Health Record problem list, and for reporting quality indicators to the CMS. Hence, the Israeli MOH has recently decided that discharge diagnoses will be reported using ICD-10-CM codes, and SNOMED-CT will be used to code the cLinical information in the EHR. We reviewed the characteristics, strengths and weaknesses of these two coding

Integration of bio-fired gas turbines in combined heat and power generation; Integrering av biogaseldad gasturbin i kraftvaermeanlaeggning

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Genrup, Magnus; Jonshagen, Klas

2011-01-15

practical way is to use the cross-over pipe. The cross-over pressure level is adapted to optimize the loading distribution between the high- and low pressure turbine rather than providing a suitable reheat pressure. Hence, two limits to address in the present prestudy. This work is based on the plant in Enkoeping and two suitable gas turbine candidates were investigated in this study. One engine with a low exhaust temperature and an engine with rather high exhaust temperature were chosen for this study. The first engine is the Solar Mercury 50 and the second candidate is Siemens SGT-100. The result indicates that the marginal efficiency is on the order of 45 percent for a twin Mercury 50 set (including reheat). The hotter Siemens engine reaches approximately 50 percent, when the steam is reheated to 320 deg C in the cross-over pipe. The final feed water temperature of 205 deg C poses a strong limiting factor for the reachable efficiency levels. Another issue is the steam turbine axial trust, where one can expect changes when the turbine is operated under the described conditions. The results, however, indicates that there actually is a relief in trust bearing loading. [Key to report nomenclature and abbreviations:] All gas turbine related performance parameters are related to the standard ISO condition. The work is based on cycle off-design modeling on several levels and numerical optimization. The chosen programs are IPSEpro and Siemens in-house (proprietary) steam turbine and cycle design system. The LTH cycle off-design model has been calibrated against real plant data and shows good agreement when compared. The Siemens tool has mainly been used to verify the LTH-model and calculate the change in trust loading. The latter was initially thought as the limiting factor, but the work indicates that the chosen combinations should be possible to realize. The Siemens tool is based on a detailed stage-by-stage approach and has initially been used to design the turbine. The trust

Steam slaking of lime - kinetics and technology. New energy effective lime slaking technology in kraft pulping; Aangslaeckning av kalk - kinetik och teknik. Ny energieffektiv teknik foer slaeckning av mesakalk i sulfatmassaindustrin

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lundqvist, Roland

2008-06-15

Lime stone is widely used in chemical recovery for regeneration of white liquor in kraft pulping. Slaked (hydrated) lime is used to convert (causticize) sodium carbonate into sodium hydroxide, whereby lime mud (calcium carbonate) precipitates from the solution. Lime mud is dried and reburned in a lime kiln, where burned lime (calcium oxide) is formed. The circle is closed when lime is slaked (hydrated) in green liquor in an exotherm reaction. Problems with traditional lime burning and slaking methods are that heat recovery is bad and heat is recovered at low temperatures. With the method described in this report there is potential to increase heat recovery in the causticizing plant, and to recover heat at higher temperatures. The forecasted method means that lime is slaked with water vapour, for example combined with an indirect heated lime mud drier and a lime kiln. This project is a follow-up to pilot tests performed in a specific machine equipment at year 2006. The target group is pulp and paper industry using the kraft process. The owner of this new project is Carnot AB and the project is performed inside the Vaermeforsk Program for Pulp and Paper Industry 2006-2008. Partners and advisers in project group have been KTH Energy Processes, CTH Energy and Environment, LTH Chemical Technology, SMA Mineral AB, and reference group from STORA Enso Skoghall, Sodra Cell, M-Real Husum and SCA Packaging Piteaa. The task in this stage has included market investigations and laboratory tests. Contacts have been made with suppliers, preliminary dimensioning of process equipment and budget offers are received. Economic calculations have been made out of the offers. The laboratory tests are done as an examination paper at KTH Energiprocesser on the reactivity of burned lime from kraft lime kiln when it is slaked with water vapour instead of green liquor. The vapour intended to be used is at atmospheric pressure or even down to 0,2 atm. Complementary addition to these laboratory

Efficacy of prophylactic phototherapy for prevention of hyperbilirubinemia in very low birth weight newborns

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

M. A. Mannan

2016-08-01

Full Text Available Background: Jaundice is a common clinical condition in newborn occurring in approximately 60% of term and 80% of preterm infants. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is universally common in all preterm infants especially in newborns with very low biLth weight. Low birth weight and premature infants are at major risk for exaggerated hyperbilirubinemia that can lead to bilirubin encephalopathy. Significant heterogeneity in the approach to the treatment of jaundiced neonates exists throughout the world. Phototherapy is the most common treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and could be most effective in preventing the sequelae of hyperbilirubinemia if initiated prophylactically. This randomized clinical trial has been proposed with the objective of assessing the efficacy of prophylactic photo therapy in preventing significant rise of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in premature neonates weighing less than 1500 gram and therefore to decrease the need for exchange transfusion and finally to reduce hospital stay due to hyperbilirubinemia. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial enrolled sixty newborns with birth weight less than 1500 gram. They were divided into two groups: 1 Prophylactic group, in whom phototherapy was started within 24 hours of birth and continued for 7 days and 2 Control group in whom therapeutic phototherapy was started considering serum bilirubin level and other clinical condi­tions as per institutional guidelines. Mean value of total serum bilirubin (TSB, duration of phototherapy, the need for exchange transfusion and duration of hospital stay in both groups were analyzed.Results: The maximum mean TSB level in prophylactic group was observed on 7th day and in control group it was observed on 3rd day of life. The total serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower in the 3rd and 5th days of life in the prophylactic group in comparison to control group (P value 0.001. Total serum bilirubin level exceeded therapeutic

Heat and mass transfer in buildings

International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

Kristoffersen, Astrid Rusaas

2005-01-01

ceiling heating system (room without ventilation). The surplus is convective heat flux (about 20-25%). On the other hand, a lower water temperature can be exploited in the pipes obtaining the desired ceiling surface temperature due to the less strict functional requirements of materials for ceilings. The ceiling heating system was simulated with thin gypsum board layers covering the water pipes and the heat emission plate. Reducing the thickness of the gypsum board layer from 13 mm to 6 mm increased the heat flux from the ceiling by 20 %. Low tmperature heating systems heat the construction and the heat capacity of the construction is a challenge when it comes to designing a control strategy for the system. The fourth paper titled ''Control and energy metering in low temperature heating systems'' presented a new approach of temperature control and energy metering in LTH systems. The required heat is supplied in terms of energy pulses by intrmittent operation of the circulation pump or a motorized valve in the floor system. The temperature stability is demonstrated by measurements in a single-family house. The control unit calculated the heat demand from external variable basically represented by the ambient air temperature. The parameters necessary for temperature control can be extracted when the heat transfer coefficient and the heat capacity of the floor construction are known. Furthermore, the control strategy opens for energy metering in LTH systems by means of the parameters heat carrier temperature and the duty cycle. The method is demonstrated to be at least accurate within +1-5%. (Author)

'Finnova Development Group'. Comb Configurated Costumer-close Network Installations with Underground Service Boxes. From project objectives to main solutions; 'Finnova' Innovativ Montage och Systemloesning foer Fjaerrvaermeanslutning av Villaomraade. Fraan projektmaal till huvudloesningar

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Gudmundson, Tommy [AaF-Process AB, Stockholm (SE)] (and others)

2006-07-15

in the report. For the first one, 'Finnova AF', evidence is given that the overall goal is fulfilled. The goal being investment costs lower than SEK 50,000 per costumer - VAT not included and in the cost level of 2003/2004. The possibilities for the second one, 'Finnova LTH', may in the long run be even more promising, with respect to economy as well as functionally. The fulfilling of this requires, however, investigations and research and the time for these are not to be found within the time schedule given for this project. Other important issues dealt with regarding the two solutions are: estimated technical life length, need for and accessibility at maintenance and heat losses The two main solutions are named Comb Configurated Costumer Close Network (Finnova AF) and Villa Connection with Distribution Chambers (Finnova LTH). Both are in general terms presented in this report and fully and more detailed in reports no 2 and 3. A demo for the Finnova AF approach is right now being built in a villa area in the Granlunda suburb of Trelleborg in south Sweden. The system decisive features of the Finnova AF are three: The conventional DH substation is abandoned and replaced with a service and connection box in the garden at the site boundary, no pipe joints directly in ground are to be found, and almost all needed working moments can be performed by anyone of a working crew of 5 people. Among the identified success factors, especially the following should be mentioned: Maximum continuity. No 'extern specialists' needed, the civil works contractor should be able to perform 'almost' all working procedures with his own crew. One-step finished backfilling must be applied. And to obtain continuity, flexible coiled pipes and cold installation of network are necessary. The DH substation moved out of the customer's house. The DH supplier is supposed to be the owner of the service and maintenance box replacing the FC. This box contains

CFD simulation of gas and particles combustion in biomass furnaces

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Griselin, Nicolas

2000-11-01

In this thesis, gas and particle combustion in biomass furnaces is investigated numerically. The aim of this thesis is to use Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technology as an effective computer based simulation tool to study and develop the combustion processes in biomass furnaces. A detailed model for the numerical simulation of biomass combustion in a furnace, including fixed-bed modeling, gas-phase calculation (species distribution, temperature field, flow field) and gas-solid two-phase interaction for flying burning particles is presented. This model is used to understand the mechanisms of combustion and pollutant emissions under different conditions in small scale and large scale furnaces. The code used in the computations was developed at the Division of Fluid Mechanics, LTH. The flow field in the combustion enclosure is calculated by solving the Favre-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, with standard {kappa} - {epsilon} turbulence closure, together with the energy conservation equation and species transport equations. Discrete transfer method is used for calculating the radiation source term in the energy conservation equation. Finite difference is used to solve the general form of the equation yielding solutions for gas-phase temperatures, velocities, turbulence intensities and species concentrations. The code has been extended through this work in order to include two-phase flow simulation of particles and gas combustion. The Favre-averaged gas equations are solved in a Eulerian framework while the submodels for particle motion and combustion are used in the framework of a Lagrangian approach. Numerical simulations and measurement data of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), CO, H{sub 2}, O{sub 2} and temperature on the top of the fixed bed are used to model the amount of tar and char formed during pyrolysis and combustion of biomass fuel in the bed. Different operating conditions are examined. Numerical calculations are compared with the measured data. It is

Combustion behaviour of pulverised wood - Numerical and experimental studies

Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

Lixin Tao [TPS Termiska Processer AB, Nykoeping (Sweden)

2002-05-01

This report presents the experimental results achieved in an on-going project financed by STEM (Energimyndigheten) within the research program 'Gasification and combustion of solid fuels', during the first phase of the project (2001-03-05 to 2002-03-05). The project is a collaboration project between LTH and TPS on combined numerical modelling/experimental investigation on combustion of pulverised wood. Particularly TPS carry out the experimental investigation in a laboratory vertical furnace. During the project, the experimental rig has been developed. The experimental furnace has an inner diameter of 0.25 m and a height of 4 m. A pulverised wood flame is established using an axial burner that is installed on the top of the furnace. Experimental study on a selected pulverised wood with determined size distribution and anisotropy character has been carried out in this furnace. During the experiment, the wall temperatures of the furnace were continuously measured using 8 thermocouples of type K that are installed on the wall with a spacing about 0.5 m. The gas temperatures in the furnace were monitored using 5 fixed suction pyrometers that are placed along the centre of the furnace. At the bottom of the furnace, a fixed gas-sampling probe was installed. The flue gas concentrations were continuously monitored with on-line gas analysers. The extent of combustion was measured through the analysis of sampled gaseous products and condensable solid products. A movable liquid quench probe was used to carry out the gas and solid sampling through a number of sampling holes that are opened along the furnace wall. The quench liquor used is an alkaline water solution containing a small amount of a detergent to dissolve HCN and tar. The quench liquor and solid samples were separated and collected in a knockout pot. The gas was filtered and passed through two bubblers with acidic solution to collect NH{sub 3}. The gas concentrations were then analysed with on-line gas

Subtype classification for prediction of prognosis of breast cancer from a biomarker panel: correlations and indications

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Chen C

2014-02-01

Full Text Available Chuang Chen,1 Jing-Ping Yuan,2,3 Wen Wei,1 Yi Tu,1 Feng Yao,1 Xue-Qin Yang,4 Jin-Zhong Sun,1 Sheng-Rong Sun,1 Yan Li2 1Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, 2Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors and Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, 3Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 4Medical School of Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, People’s Republic of China Background: Hormone receptors, including the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2, and other biomarkers like Ki67, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, also known as HER1, the androgen receptor, and p53, are key molecules in breast cancer. This study evaluated the relationship between HER2 and hormone receptors and explored the additional prognostic value of Ki67, EGFR, the androgen receptor, and p53. Methods: Quantitative determination of HER2 and EGFR was performed in 240 invasive breast cancer tissue microarray specimens using quantum dot (QD-based nanotechnology. We identified two subtypes of HER2, ie, high total HER2 load (HTH2 and low total HER2 load (LTH2, and three subtypes of hormone receptor, ie, high hormone receptor (HHR, low hormone receptor (LHR, and no hormone receptor (NHR. Therefore, breast cancer patients could be divided into five subtypes according to HER2 and hormone receptor status. Ki67, p53, and the androgen receptor were determined by traditional immunohistochemistry techniques. The relationship between hormone receptors and HER2 was investigated and the additional value of Ki67, EGFR, the androgen receptor, and p53 for prediction of 5-year disease-free survival was assessed. Results: In all patients, quantitative determination showed a statistically significant (P<0.001 negative correlation between HER2 and the hormone receptors and a significant

The decorative program of the domes and area under the domes in the church of the monastery Resava

Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

Prolović Jadranka

2008-01-01

and most likely those of both upper windows in the south wall of the diakonikon and the north wall of the prothesis of Resava were probably primarily decorated with the ancestors of Christ and the Righteous. Their presence is to be interpreted symbolically as a confirmation of the earthly life of Christ and furtherly suggest the Incarnation and the roles of Christ as priest and king, which can be followed through the generations of his human ancestors. These figures also stand for a connection between the New and Old Testaments. In the central dome of Resava, the evangelists are arranged in the pendentives while renderings of the man-dylion and keramion (east and west and of the blessing Hand of God (north and south cover the surfaces in between. The evangelists are placed in this position starting in the 1 lth century at the latest. In the late Byzantine period, the evangelists became almost exclusively decoration for the pendentives; the church of Resava is such a typical example. The arrangement of the evangelists on the pendentives of Resava demonstrate not only the relationship between the evangelists themselves, but also between their works. Thus, as direct disciples of Christ, the evangelists Matthew and John received their positions on the eastern pendentives. The relatedness of their works are further expressed through this arrangement. Luke and Mark received the less prominent positions on the western pendentives of the central dome. The evangelists are depicted in the same placement in many domed churches from the Palaiologian era in the entire Byzantine area of influence. With the exception of John, all of the evangelists in Resava are shown with the personification of Heavenly Wisdom, which is depicted symbolically as a young woman according to models from Antiquity. John receives the supernatural power as rays directly from heaven and dictates to his pupil Prochoros. Aside from the evangelists themselves, their heavenly symbols are also located in Resava