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Sample records for los materiales mcm-22

  1. Los recursos minerales y los materiales de construcción

    OpenAIRE

    Bustillo Revuelta, Manuel

    2008-01-01

    Los materiales de construcción son aquellos materiales que se utilizan con un fin constructivo. Muchas sustancias minerales naturales, como la arcilla, las gravas y las rocas se utilizan como materias primas para fabricar productos de construcción en edificación y obra civil (p.e. puentes). En este sentido, la arcilla, la piedra, los metales y las arenas y las gravas son los recursos minerales más básicos utilizados en la fabricación de los materiales de construcción. Algunos recursos mineral...

  2. Los otros materiales de construccion

    OpenAIRE

    Calvo Pérez, Benjamín

    2010-01-01

    Atención preferente a los materiales estructurales: cemento, hormigón, áridos, arcillas para ladrillos y tejas, piedra ornamental y yeso. Poca atención tradicional a otros materiales que suponen partes importantes de la obra civil y de la edificación. Casi todos los MRI tienen empleo en la construcción Pinturas, vidrios, refractarios, aislantes, aditivos para cementos, esmaltes, materias primas para plásticos, carbonato cálcico para moquetas, cargas inertes, estucos, cenizas volantes, ...

  3. Transformation of levoglucosan over H-MCM-22 zeolite and H-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieve catalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Kaeldstroem, M.; Kumar, N.; Heikkilae, T.; Tiitta, M.; Salmi, T.; Murzin, D. Yu.

    2011-01-01

    Catalytic transformation of levoglucosan (1-6-anhdyro-β-D-glucopyranose) was carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 573 K over zeolite and mesoporous material catalysts. Proton forms of MCM-22-30 and MCM-41-20 catalysts were tested in the conversion, changing also the residence time. The yield of the transformation product phases was substantially influenced by the structures, at the same time the formation of the different compounds were dependent on the structures of the acidic zeolite catalysts. Oxygenated species were the main liquid product, consisting mainly of aldehydes and furfurals (glycolaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, acetic acid). The formation of the liquid products was higher over MCM-41-20 than over MCM-22-30 for all the oxygenated species except acetic acid, indicating larger formation of non-condensable products over the microporous material. By increasing the residence time the formation of acetic acid increased in transformations over MCM-22, however, such increase also led to generation of more gases with both catalysts. The deactivation due to coking was more severe over the zeolite compared to the mesoporous material. It was, however, possible to successfully regenerate the spent zeolites without changing the structure. -- Highlights: → Transformation of levoglucosan (1-6-anhdyro-β-D-glucopyranose) was done at 573 K. → MCM-22-30 and MCM-41-20 catalysts were tested. → Oxygenated species (glycolaldehyde, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, furfural, 5-methylfurfural, acetic acid) were the main liquid products. → Acidity had an influence on product distribution and deactivation.

  4. Los arquetipos de los MCM: héroes y antíhéroes de los niños

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    OLIVIA VELARDE

    1992-01-01

    Full Text Available La presente investigación se ha llevado a cabo desde un enfoque que toma en cuenta la interdependencia entre los factores sociales, comunicativos y cognitivos en los procesos de enculturización infantil. La autora analiza las correspondencias existentes entre el uso de los MCM y las representaciones que los niños construyen sobre sí mismos y sobre el mundo que les rodea. Sobre la base de elementos de naturaleza tan heterogénea como los héroes de los relatos en los MCM, se muestra que el laborioso trabajo cognitivo realizado por los niños cuando definen la identidad y el comportamiento de los héroes sirve, sobre todo, para la autoafirmación del rol sexual; y que el trabajo no menos laborioso que llevan a cabo cuando definen qué puede ser imitado y no imitado de los personajes de los MCM y cuál es la importancia social de éstos sirve, sobre todo, para definir el rol de clase.

  5. Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales, 2009-10

    OpenAIRE

    Villarino Otero, Alberto

    2009-01-01

    I. Materiales de clase: Tema 1. Las rocas en la Construcción; Tema 2. La Cal; Tema 3. El Yeso; Tema 4. Materiales Cerámicos; Tema 5. El Cemento; Tema 6. El hormigón; Tema 7. Materiales Bituminosos. II. Bibliografía. El curso Ciencia y Tecnología de los Materiales pretende que el alumno se familiarice con los materiales de construcción mas importantes, determinado sus características, propiedades, procesos de obtención y sus aplicaciones mas significativas. El curso se estructura en sie...

  6. Pillared MWW zeolites MCM-36 prepared by swelling MCM-22P in concentrated surfactant solutions

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Eliášová, Pavla; Roth, W. J.; Zukal, Arnošt; Kubů, Martin; Pavlatová, Jana

    2012-01-01

    Roč. 179, č. 1 (2012), s. 35-42 ISSN 0920-5861 R&D Projects: GA AV ČR KAN100400701; GA ČR GA104/09/0561 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Keywords : MCM-22 family * MCM-36 * MWW structure Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.980, year: 2012

  7. Los materiales alternativos estabilizados y su impacto ambiental

    OpenAIRE

    Rubén Salvador Roux Gutierrez; Víctor Manuel García Izaguirre; José Adán Espuna Mujica

    2014-01-01

    El presente trabajo es resultado de investigaciones desarrolladas a partir de la experimentación de materiales alternativos para la edificación, en especial, relacionado con Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC), que han sido estabilizados con hidróxido de cal y cemento, buscando cumplir con las Normas Mexicanas, en el apartado referente a materiales para uso en mampostería de las edificaciones y así corroborar que estos materiales cumplen con requisitos de calidad, al igual que los materiales c...

  8. Swelling of MCM-56 and MCM-22P with a new medium - surfactant-tetramethylammonium hydroxide mixtures

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Roth, Wieslaw Jerzy; Eliášová, Pavla; Kubů, Martin; Vitvarová, Dana

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 204, APR 2013 (2013), s. 8-14 ISSN 0920-5861 R&D Projects: GA ČR GA203/08/0604; GA ČR GAP106/11/0819 Institutional support: RVO:61388955 Keywords : delaminated zeolite * MCM-56 * MCM-22P Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 3.309, year: 2013

  9. La importancia de los recursos materiales en el juego simbolico

    OpenAIRE

    Licona Vega, Ana Liliam

    2000-01-01

    Los recursos materiales utilizados en el juego simbólico son mediadores a través de los cuales los niños pueden expresar sus experiencias y sentimientos y también pueden desarrollar diferentes roles y representaciones llenas de imaginación y creatividad. En este sentido, los recursos materiales deben ser simples e isomorfos, relacionados con la realidad de los niños y conectados con las nuevas tecnologías porque ello requiere una interrelación entre los usos de los sistemas simbólicos y los d...

  10. Study of the influence of the silica source on the synthesis of the zeolite precursor MCM-22; Estudo da influencia da fonte de siilica na sintese do precursor zeolitico MCM-22

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Barbosa, A.S.; Santos, E.R.F. dos; Leite, R.C.N.; Rodrigues, M.G.F., E-mail: antoniellybarbosa@yahoo.com.br [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil). Unidade Academica de Engenharia de Materiais

    2012-07-01

    Zeolite MCM-22 precursors were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions in systems with hexamethyleneimine HMI as bulking agent (driver). Synthesis parameter, such as sources of silica (aerosil® and quartz) was modified to investigate the effects on the morphology and crystallization in precursor MCM-22 zeolite. The products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to, the X-ray diffraction showed the same characteristic peaks of zeolite MCM-22. It was found that the parameter in this work of synthesis, silica source, affects the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite MCM-22 precursor. This can be evidenced by the different morphologies found using the different sources of silica. (author)

  11. UNE 71362: calidad de los materiales educativos digitales

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández-Pampillón Cesteros, Ana María

    2017-01-01

    La norma UNE 71362:2017 proporciona un modelo de base para definir y evaluar cuantitativa y cualitativamente la calidad de los materiales educativos digitales. En la elaboración de la norma han participado especialistas en enseñanza y aprendizaje, tecnologías, accesibilidad y gestión educativa pertenecientes a los tres sectores implicados en la creación y uso de estos materiales: académico, empresarial y de las administraciones públicas. El propósito de la norma es responder al reto y a la ne...

  12. Los materiales alternativos estabilizados y su impacto ambiental

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubén Salvador Roux Gutierrez

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo es resultado de investigaciones desarrolladas a partir de la experimentación de materiales alternativos para la edificación, en especial, relacionado con Bloques de Tierra Comprimida (BTC, que han sido estabilizados con hidróxido de cal y cemento, buscando cumplir con las Normas Mexicanas, en el apartado referente a materiales para uso en mampostería de las edificaciones y así corroborar que estos materiales cumplen con requisitos de calidad, al igual que los materiales convencionales, aunado a la realización del análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV en dos poblaciones de BTC’s estabilizados con cementantes, buscando determinar su impacto ambiental y finalmente poder contrastarlos con las bases de datos existentes de materiales convencionales.

  13. Synthesis and adsorption investigations of zeolites MCM-22 and MCM-49 modified by alkali metal cations

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Pawlesa, Justyna; Zukal, Arnošt; Čejka, Jiří

    2007-01-01

    Roč. 13, 3-4 (2007), s. 257-265 ISSN 0929-5607 Grant - others:DeSSANS(XE) SES6-CT-2005-020133; INDENS(XE) MRTN-CT-2004-005503 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z40400503 Source of funding: R - rámcový projekt EK ; R - rámcový projekt EK Keywords : MCM-22 zeolite * MCM-49 zeolite * alkali metal cation exchange * N2 and CO2 adsorption Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 0.880, year: 2007

  14. CO interaction with Cu(I)-MCM-22 zeolite: density function theory investigation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Viet Thang Ho; Petr Nachtigall

    2014-01-01

    MCM-22 zeolite has been widely used in many applications for catalysis and adsorption. Especially, this material exchanged with Cu + cation (Cu(I)-MCM-22) is an active catalyst in green chemical reaction, such as decomposition of NO and N 2 O. The local geometry of Cu + in vicinity of Al (III) replacement in six different Si (IV) sites and CO interaction with the most stable Cu + in each Al site were explored using periodic density functional theory (DFT) method. Th CO stretching frequencies were computed applying the ω/r scaling method in which frequencies were determined at high quantum level (couple cluster) and CO bond length calculated at DFT level. The results showed that Cu + cation located in the channel wall position and intersection position coordinated with 3 or 2 framework oxygen atoms, respectively, before CO adsorption and Cu + cation coordinated with 2 framework oxygen atoms after CO adsorption. The interaction energies between CO and Cu + cation were in range -148 to -195 kJ/mol -1 and CO frequencies exhibit two peak at 2151 and 2159 cm -1 in good agreement with experimental data. This investigation allows to understand the Cu + location in MCM-22 and CO adsorption in Cu(I)-MCM-22 zeolite. (author)

  15. Synthesis of zeolite MCM-22 tetraethyl orthosilicate using alternative as source of silica

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Santos, E.R.F. dos; Barbosa, A.S.; Rodrigues, M.G.F.

    2011-01-01

    Currently methods are being sought are more diligent in the synthesis of zeolite MCM-22, where it is considered promising when used as catalysts and adsorbents for environmental protection. This work aims to synthesize the zeolite MCM-22 by replacing the conventionally used silica source, tetraethyl by, thereby providing a reduction in the duration of synthesis. This material was characterized by X ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. XRD of zeolite MCM-22 showed peaks typical topology composed of the lamellar layers intercalated with organic molecules that are components of the director (HMI). Scanning electron micrograph shows the structure in form of very thin thickness blades that grow in the form of spherical structures resulting from the agglomeration of these particles. (author)

  16. Influence of crystallization time on structural and morphological characteristics the precursor of zeolite MCM-22

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbosa, A.S.; Lima, L.A.; Sousa, B.V.; Santos, Everton R.F. dos; Rodrigues, M.G.F.

    2009-01-01

    The zeolite MCM-22 has been studied extensively as a promising catalyst because of the high thermal stability and high activity for acid catalysis and selectivity of molecular shape. The synthesis of MCM-22 is carried out by hydrothermal treatment and long times required for complete crystallization gradual growth of crystals of 10-14 days for the synthesis of static. This work aims to synthesize the precursor of zeolite MCM-22 using the method of hydrothermal synthesis with a reduction in crystallization time of 8 and 9 days. The precursor of zeolite MCM-22 was obtained using sources of silica, soda, deionized water and the director of structures hexametilenoimina (HMI). The samples were synthesized at 150° C for 8 to 9 days, with the following molar composition: 0.511 SiO 2 : 0.039 NaOH: 0.024 Al 2 O 3 : 23.06 H 2 O and subjected to characterizations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and energy dispersive (EDX). According to tests carried out showed that the hydrothermal treatment used to synthesize the precursor of zeolite MCM-22 was effective during times of crystallization of 8 and 9 days. The results for the micrographs showed that the samples consist of clusters and / or aggregates of small crystals. (author)

  17. Study of the influence in crystallization period in MCM-22 zeolite synthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbosa, A.S.; Santos, E.R.F.; Rodrigues, M.G.F.

    2011-01-01

    The synthesis of MCM-22 is accomplished by hydrothermal treatment and long periods needed for crystallization, with the gradual growth of crystals of 10-14 days. MCM-22 catalyst is studied intensively as promising, with high thermal stability. As part of a line of research focused on the development of zeolite with lowest cost, this study aimed to examine the effect in decreasing the period of crystallization in the synthesis of zeolite MCM-22. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, X-ray Energy Dispersive (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Fourier transform (FT-IR). By XRD it was observed that the hydrothermal treatment used in the synthesis was effective during periods of crystallization and EDX was observed that the samples have a high percentage of silica and low alumina content, which gives them a high ratio SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 characteristic of the MWW structure. (author)

  18. Study of the influence of the silica source on the synthesis of the zeolite precursor MCM-22

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Barbosa, A.S.; Santos, E.R.F. dos; Leite, R.C.N.; Rodrigues, M.G.F.

    2012-01-01

    Zeolite MCM-22 precursors were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions in systems with hexamethyleneimine HMI as bulking agent (driver). Synthesis parameter, such as sources of silica (aerosil® and quartz) was modified to investigate the effects on the morphology and crystallization in precursor MCM-22 zeolite. The products were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). According to, the X-ray diffraction showed the same characteristic peaks of zeolite MCM-22. It was found that the parameter in this work of synthesis, silica source, affects the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite MCM-22 precursor. This can be evidenced by the different morphologies found using the different sources of silica. (author)

  19. Preparación y caracterización de la zeolita MCM-22 y de su precursor laminar

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    Pergher Sibele B. C.

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available The layered precursor of MCM-22 was prepared with different Si/Al ratios: 15, 25, 50, 100 and ¥. Upon heat treatment these precursors form MCM-22 zeolite. Both layered precursor and MCM-22 zeolite were characterized by several techniques: Chemical Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD, Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA, Pore Analysis by N2 and Ar adsorption, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM, Infrared Spectroscopy (IR and Temperature Programmed Desorption of ammonium (TPD.

  20. La importancia de los materiales en las viviendas de muy bajo coste

    OpenAIRE

    Salas, Julián

    1992-01-01

    El texto que sigue se encuadra en el contexto de intentar enmarcar la importancia considerable del capítulo de los materiales de construcción en el subsector de las viviendas de muy bajo coste en los Países en Vías de Desarrollo en general, y en Latinoamérica en particular. El autor trata de cuantificar, en forma global, la repercusión de los materiales en varios supuestos y como ésta aumenta al disminuir —prácticamente desaparecer— las partidas de instalaciones y acabados. De conformidad...

  1. FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA TEXTURA Y ESTRUCTURA DE Ti(R-MCM-41 FACTORES QUE AFECTAN LA TEXTURA Y ESTRUCTURA DE Ti(R-MCM-41

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    J. Ramírez Solís

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available Se ha estudiado el efecto que tienen el método de remoción del surfactante y el contenido de titanio sobre la estructura y propiedades texturales de los materiales mesoporosos Ti-MCM-41. Los sólidos sintetizados fueron caracterizados por fisisorción de N2, fluorescencia de rayos X (FRX, difracción de rayos X (DRX, microscopía electrónica de alta resolución (HREM, espectroscopía FT-Raman y de reflectancia difusa UV-vis. (DRS. Entre los dos métodos de remoción del surfactante estudiados, la aplicación de un disolvente polar (solución de H2SO4 0.05 M en etanol resultó ser más efectivo para remover el surfactante y disminuir la destrucción del material mesoporoso durante la calcinación. Las muestras tratadas con este método presentaron un mayor orden en el arreglo hexagonal de los poros (HREM, DRX y áreas superficiales más grandes. El efecto del aumento del contenido de TiO2 en los sólidos sintetizados se traduce en una disminución significativa de la intensidad del pico característico de MCM-41 (2Q = 2.2-2.5o y de las características texturales (SBET, volumen de poros, lo que indica que durante la síntesis no es posible incorporar más de 10 mol. % de TiO2 al MCM-41.Studied was the effect surfactant removal and titanium content have on the structure and textural properties of Ti-MCM-41 mesoporous materials. The synthesized solids were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray fluorescence (FRX, X-ray diffraction (DRX, electronic microscopy of high resolution(HREM, and FT-Raman and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS. Between the two methods of surfactant removal studied, the application of a polar solvent (solution of 0.05 M H2SO4 in ethanol was to be more effective in removing the surfactant and diminishing the destruction of mesoporous material during calcination. The samples treated by this method showed a more ordered hexagonal pore arrangement (HREM, XRD and larger surface area. The effect of an increase in TiO2

  2. Funcionalidad de los materiales didácticos en el aprendizaje de la geometría

    OpenAIRE

    Cabello, Gaby Lili

    2005-01-01

    En el presente documento desarrollaremos los siguientes tópicos, la geometría y su importancia, modelo de enseñanza de la geometría, importancia de los materiales didácticos en el aprendizaje de la geometría, aprendiendo geometría con materiales didácticos, aproximación de las nuevas tecnologías y herramientas para la geometría. Los materiales o recursos didácticos adecuados cobran una especial importancia en su faceta de motivadores del proceso formativo del niño y niña dado que fomentan la ...

  3. Los nuevos materiales de construcción como alternativa al reciclaje de los residuos industriales: motero de cemento-caucho reciclado (CCR)

    OpenAIRE

    Rio Merino, Mercedes del; González Cortina, Mariano; Izquierdo Gracia, Pilar; Santa Cruz Astorqui, Jaime; Salto-Weis Azevedo, Isabel

    2006-01-01

    La incorporación de residuos en materiales de construcción presenta aspectos ambientales positivos y negativos. Entre los primeros cabe destacar la prolongación de la vida útil de los espacios de vertido, los ahorros de consumo de materiales vírgenes o importados y de consumo energético asociado a la fabricación de productos a los que sustituyen, así como la preservación de espacios naturales debida a una menor necesidad de explotación de recursos minerales. Dentro de los residuos industr...

  4. Analizar y comprender los materiales de enseñanza: algunas claves para la formación del profesorado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ezeiza Ramos, Joseba

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Suplemento del número 9 de marcoELE (julio - diciembre de 2009 Los materiales, su caracterización, análisis, selección, diseño y uso son aspectos clave de la actividad de los profesores de lenguas segundas y extranjeras. Así lo reconocen los programas más actuales de formación de profesorado en Europa. Sin embargo, los materiales de enseñanza constituyen una realidad muy sofisticada que no siempre llegamos a alcanzar en toda su complejidad. En este artículo vamos a tratar de desgranar algunas de sus dimensiones, y vamos a presentar dos herramientas de análisis validadas recientemente para los materiales de ELE que pueden resultar de utilidad para este fin. Se trata de dos instrumentos con vocación formativa que, a diferente escala, pretenden servir para conocer mejor los materiales disponibles, para reflexionar sobre la práctica docente y para analizar posibles vías de mejora, tanto en el ámbito del diseño de los materiales como en el de su aplicación en el aula.

  5. Pasado, presente y futuro cercano de los materiales para uso en implantes óseos biodegradables

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    Clara Eugenia Plazas Bonilla

    2011-05-01

    Full Text Available El manejo de fracturas y defectos óseos procura la regeneración del tejido óseo respetando su anatomía y buscando recuperar su funcionalidad. El logro de este objetivo se inició en el siglo XVII con el uso de injertos de origen animal o humano, y ha llegado en la actualidad al uso de implantes, dispositivos elaborados en materiales naturales o sintéticos que comportan una gran variedad de propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas. Las investigaciones en el área continúan encaminándose a la solución de los inconvenientes que presentan los injertos: las reacciones inmunológicas, los riesgos de contaminación, la ausencia de donantes, la necesidad de varias intervenciones quirúrgicas y el riesgo de transmisión de enfermedades. Es por ello que, tanto la investigación básica como aplicada, se han encaminado de igual forma en el ámbito de la biología del desarrollo e investigación con células madre, como en el campo del exploración de nuevos biomateriales. Esta tendencia es evidente al observar los numerosos estudios en relación con el uso de materiales metálicos, poliméricos, cerámicos y, en la actualidad, de los materiales compuestos o híbridos con uso potencial en implantes ortopédicos. Muchos de estos materiales, al cumplir con condiciones de biocompatibilidad y toxicidad, pueden ser usados en el diseño de materiales biodegradables y son el elemento de partida para el surgimiento de numerosas líneas de investigación en biomateriales. En este documento, a partir de la identificación de los períodos de avance en el estudio de biomateriales, se reseñan las bondades y restricciones de estos diferentes grupos que han sido investigados para ser usados en regeneración ósea y se plantean las directrices que a mediano plazo se han de seguir en el campo de los materiales biodegradables, temática en la que hay un extenso camino por recorrer en el ámbito de la ciencia y tecnología de los materiales.

  6. Una herramienta web para la evaluación de la calidad de los materiales educativos digitales

    OpenAIRE

    Sarasa Cabezuelo, Antonio; Fernández-Pampillón Cesteros, Ana; Rueda Rueda, Andrea; Riani, Chaymae

    2016-01-01

    [ES]Actualmente en Internet se pueden encontrar información y materiales prácticamente de cualquier tema. Sin embargo los avances para clasificar y medir la calidad de los materiales han sido mínimos y dispersos. Cualquiera puede crear un material y publicarlo, pero nadie asegura ni garantiza que ese material será accesible o si sus contenidos serán adecuados para el estudio. Esta situación hace que, aunque se disponga de un número inabarcable de materiales, sea complicado recuperar aquellos ...

  7. Swelling, Functionalization, and Structural Changes of the Nanoporous Layered Silicates AMH-3 and MCM-22

    KAUST Repository

    Kim, Wun-gwi

    2011-06-21

    Nanoporous layered silicate materials contain 2D-planar sheets of nanoscopic thickness and ordered porous structure. In comparison to porous 3D-framework materials such as zeolites, they have advantages such as significantly increased surface area and decreased diffusion limitations because the layers can potentially be exfoliated or intercalated into polymers to form nanocomposite materials. These properties are particularly interesting for applications as materials for enhancing molecular selectivity and throughput in composite membranes. In this report, the swelling and surface modification chemistry of two attractive nanoporous layered silicate materials, AMH-3 and MCM-22, were studied. We first describe a method, using long-chain diamines instead of monoamines, for swelling of AMH-3 while preserving its pore structure to a greater extent during the swelling process. Then, we describe a stepwise functionalization method for functionalizing the layer surfaces of AMH-3 and MCM-22 via silane condensation reactions. The covalently attached hydrocarbon chain molecules increased the hydrophobicity of AMH-3 and MCM-22 layer surfaces and therefore allow the possibility of effectively dispersing these materials in polymer matrices for thin film/membrane applications. © 2011 American Chemical Society.

  8. Los materiales manipulativos para la enseñanza de las matemáticas en el 1º ciclo de Primaria

    OpenAIRE

    Hernández Cabezón, Mercedes

    2014-01-01

    El trabajo está centrado en el área de matemáticas y concretamente en el 1º ciclo de primaria. Planteo la utilización de materiales manipulativos como eje principal en la consecución de los objetivos. Para llevar a cabo mi propuesta he recopilado información teórica, basándome principalmente en seis autores claves en el ámbito de los materiales – manipulativos. Trabajando con materiales manipulativos el alumno se convierte en el protagonista del proceso, dichos materiales están organizados...

  9. La importancia de los materiales en las viviendas de muy bajo coste

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salas, Julián

    1992-09-01

    Full Text Available This text fits into the context of the attempt to emphasize the considerable importance of the factor of the construction materials in the subsection of low cost housing in Developing Countries in general and in Latín America in particular. The author tries to quantify, in a global manner, the repercussion of the materials through different assumptions and to show how it increases as the sections of installations and finishes diminish —in fact, practically disappear—. In accordance with this and as a consequence, the author discusses the necessity to use autochthonous materials and to support the research and technological development which lay stress on the use of alternative materials and the re-use of agro-industrial waste. As a pan of the Chapter V reproduced here, a special Section entitled "The Industry of Construction Materials" is contemplated, a section which we omitted and which can be found in n.º 198 of this Quarterly where it was originally published.

    El texto que sigue se encuadra en el contexto de intentar enmarcar la importancia considerable del capítulo de los materiales de construcción en el subsector de las viviendas de muy bajo coste en los Países en Vías de Desarrollo en general, y en Latinoamérica en particular. El autor trata de cuantificar, en forma global, la repercusión de los materiales en varios supuestos y como ésta aumenta al disminuir —prácticamente desaparecer— las partidas de instalaciones y acabados. De conformidad y como consecuencia de lo anterior, el autor se ocupa de la necesidad de emplear materiales autóctonos y de apoyar la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico que ponen énfasis en la utilización de materiales alternativos y la reutilización de desechos agro-industriales. Formando parte del Capítulo V que se reproduce, se contempla un apartado específico con el título "La Industria de Materiales de la Construcción" que hemos omitido, remitiendo al lector

  10. El próximo avance en la ingeniería: los materiales y las estructuras adaptativas

    OpenAIRE

    Valencia Giraldo, Asdrúbal

    2003-01-01

    Se hace una breve presentación de lo que son las estructuras adaptativas o inteligentes y sus aplicaciones. Se muestra que están constituidas por procesadores, actuadores y sensores hechos de materiales inteligentes. Se describen los tipos de estos materiales y cómo pueden funcionar como adaptadores o como sensores, se explica qué es un dispositivo y qué es una estructura adaptativa, sus limitaciones y posibilidades como elemento de vigilancia y control en los sistemas de ingeniería.

  11. Presencia de los materiales manipulativos en la ense??anza de las matem??ticas

    OpenAIRE

    G??miz Tall??n, Carolina

    2015-01-01

    El valor de los materiales manipulativos en la ense??anza y aprendizaje de las matem??ticas es indudable. Muchos psic??logos y profesionales de la ense??anza realzan los enormes beneficios que ??stos aportan para la construcci??n del conocimiento matem??tico, entre otros. Tal es su importancia que incluso la normativa espa??ola promueve el empleo de recursos matem??ticos. Sin embargo, existe cierta confusi??n sobre su presencia, planificaci??n y utilizaci??n en los centros por parte de los do...

  12. Viabilidad de nuevos materiales frente a materiales convencionales en la construcción de pantalanes

    OpenAIRE

    Marín Gallego, Enric

    2012-01-01

    Este proyecto estudia la viabilidad de nuevos materiales estructurales, tales como los materiales compuestos, comparándolos con materiales convencionales como el acero, el acero inoxidable o el hormigón.

  13. Ruta geomonumental: Los materiales pétreos utilizados en la arquitectura madrileña de Fernando Arbós

    OpenAIRE

    Varas, María José; Pérez-Monserrat, Elena M.; Álvarez de Buergo, Mónica; Fort González, Rafael; López de Azcona, M. C.

    2007-01-01

    Las Rutas Geomonumentales suponen una metodología diferente para la difusión cultural y científica del patrimonio arquitectónico, atendiendo a los materiales pétreos, naturales y artificiales, que lo configuran. El prefijo “Geo” indica el fuerte condicionante geológico que tradicionalmente ha influido en los asentamientos urbanos y en su desarrollo, así como la relación existente entre la arquitectura y la geología, en tanto que gran parte de los materiales de construcción se extraen de la ti...

  14. Acidic and Catalytic Properties of Mo-MCM-22 in Methane Aromatization: An FTIR Study

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Sobalík, Zdeněk; Tvarůžková, Zdenka; Wichterlová, Blanka; Fíla, V.; Špatenka, Š.

    2003-01-01

    Roč. 253, - (2003), s. 271-282 ISSN 0926-860X R&D Projects: GA ČR GA104/99/0432 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z4040901 Keywords : methane aromatization * FTIR technique * MCM-22 Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 2.825, year: 2003

  15. La adecuación de los materiales AICLE a los principios teóricos y al diseño metodológico del enfoque

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Del Castillo Pastor, Raquel

    2012-12-01

    Full Text Available Suplemento del número 15 de marcoELE (julio - diciembre de 2012 El Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lengua Extranjera (AICLE, es decir, la enseñanza de una materia académica en una lengua extranjera, es un enfoque cada vez más extendido. Sin embargo, existe una carencia generalizada de materiales AICLE en español y los pocos que hay no han sido analizados para comprobar si se adecuan o no a los principios teóricos y al diseño metodológico del enfoque. Esta memoria tiene como objetivo analizar dichos materiales. Para ello se procede, primero, a una sistematización del enfoque en ocho parámetros. Posteriormente, partiendo de estos parámetros y aplicando la metodología del Análisis de Materiales, se lleva a cabo el análisis de las unidades didácticas seleccionadas. Finalmente, se constata que la adecuación de las unidades a los principios del enfoque es nula o muy escasa.

  16. Los materiales manipulativos en la enseñanza de la lengua extranjera

    OpenAIRE

    Sánchez García, Noelia

    2015-01-01

    El siguiente Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende profundizar sobre los materiales manipulativos como herramienta auxiliar en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la lengua extranjera en el área de science en la Educación Primaria. Además de desarrollar el concepto de material didáctico a través de diferentes autores, así como sus finalidades y beneficios, introduciré también una pequeña referencia al aprendizaje significativo. Para concluir, añadiré una unidad didáctica en la cual los ma...

  17. Elaboración de materiales didácticos /

    OpenAIRE

    Fuentes Rodríguez, Teresa

    2015-01-01

    Se investiga cómo se pueden elaborar materiales didácticos con el mínimo coste económico. A la vez se involucra a los alumnos a la hora de reutilizar y reciclar materiales, y para investigar qué se puede hacer con los materiales aportados. La creación de materiales didácticos pude ser muy interesante y útil en los centros educativos, no solo en el área de Educación Física, sino también en otras áreas como la Educación Artística.

  18. Emisiones contaminantes de materiales de construcción en el interior de los edificios. Caso de los tableros de yeso

    OpenAIRE

    Silverio Hernández Moreno

    2007-01-01

    Se presenta una evaluación deemisiones contaminantes de materiales deconstrucción de edificios, específicamente demateriales que se instalan en su interior y queoriginan problemas de salud a corto, medianoy largo plazos a los usuarios debido a lassustancias químicas que emiten. Se presentaun caso de estudio experimental en donde seevalúan los tableros de yeso que normalmenteson instalados dentro de los edificios paramuros divisorios y falsos plafones. Se parte dela base experimental de un esp...

  19. Cross flow ultrafiltration of Cr (VI) using MCM-41, MCM-48 and Faujasite (FAU) zeolite-ceramic composite membranes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Basumatary, Ashim Kumar; Kumar, R Vinoth; Ghoshal, Aloke Kumar; Pugazhenthi, G

    2016-06-01

    This work describes the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solution in cross flow mode using MCM-41, MCM-48 and FAU zeolite membranes prepared on circular shaped porous ceramic support. Ceramic support was manufactured using locally available clay materials via a facile uni-axial compaction method followed by sintering process. A hydrothermal technique was employed for the deposition of zeolites on the ceramic support. The porosity of ceramic support (47%) is reduced by the formation of MCM-41 (23%), MCM-48 (22%) and FAU (33%) zeolite layers. The pore size of the MCM-41, MCM-48 and FAU membrane is found to be 0.173, 0.142, and 0.153 μm, respectively, which is lower than that of the support (1.0 μm). Cross flow ultrafiltration experiments of Cr (VI) were conducted at five different applied pressures (69-345 kPa) and three cross flow rates (1.11 × 10(-7) - 2.22 × 10(-7) m(3)/s). The filtration studies inferred that the performance of the fabricated zeolite composite membranes is optimum at the maximum applied pressure (345 kPa) and the highest rejection is obtained with the lowest cross flow rate (1.11 × 10(-7) m(3)/s) for all three zeolite membrane. The permeate flux of MCM-41, MCM-48 and FAU zeolite composite membranes are almost remained constant in the entire duration of the separation process. The highest removal of 82% is shown by FAU membrane, while MCM-41 and MCM-48 display 75% and 77% of Cr (VI) removal, respectively for the initial feed concentration of 1000 ppm with natural pH of the solution at an applied pressure of 345 kPa. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Una clasificación revisada de los materiales sedimentarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gallegos, J. A.

    1996-08-01

    Full Text Available A classification of the sedimentary materials in three great groups is proposed: Detrital, Precipitation and Organic main deposits, depending on the genetic process (transport and accumulation as solid particles, precipitation from solutions, organic remains. The subdivision into these groups is made by standardizing and systematizing the most used criteria and terms (grain size and composition in a stricter way. This systematization seems to offer the advantage of allowing a larger and easier sequencialization of the teaching processes in relation to this subject, and easier leaming, specially for secondary level students.Se propone una clasificación de los materiales sedimentarios en tres grandes grupos: detríticos, de precipitación y orgánicos, dependiendo de los procesos genéticos (transporte como partículas sólidas, precipitación a partir de una disolución, restos orgánicos. La subdivisión de estos grupos se realiza utilizando los criterios y términos más usados (tamaño de grano y composición, pero uniformándolos y sistematizándolos más estrictamente. Esta sistematización parece ofrecer la ventaja de permitir una mayor y más fácil secuenciación de los procesos de enseñanza en relación con esta materia, y un más fácil aprendizaje, especialmente a los alumnos de los niveles educativos medios.

  1. Influencia del medio ambiente en los materiales de construcción III. Dinámica salina

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fernández Paris, José Manuel

    1978-06-01

    Full Text Available Las sales y la humedad son los dos factores que condicionan las alteraciones de los materiales de construcción. Los citados materiales, bien de por sí —piedras y ladrillos—, bien una vez endurecidos —morteros y hormigones—, están estructurados por partículas sólidas granulares, separadas por un sistema poroso, que constituye el medio -dinámico para el transporte de las disoluciones salinas procedentes del medio ambiente. La motilidad de las sales a través de la red de poros es función de tres variables físicoclimáticas: temperatura, humedad y condiciones de aireación. La dinámica salina se efectúa mediante procesos de difusión, unas veces de naturaleza química: difusión iónica, otras de naturaleza física: difusión capilar.

  2. Metodología de evaluación y análisis de materiales de los puentes de fábrica de la red ferroviaria

    OpenAIRE

    Paniagua Serrano, Illán

    2011-01-01

    La determinación de la vida útil y conservación de los puentes arco de fábrica, por su funcionalidad y su valor patrimonial como construcción histórica es un tema de creciente interés dentro de las administraciones gestoras de estas estructuras. El estudio de la durabilidad de los materiales tradicionales de construcción es un concepto relacionado con la vida útil, pero cuyo estudio difiere notablemente del realizado sobre los tipos y materiales en los que se ha centrado la ingeniería mod...

  3. Efectividad de los materiales manipulativos y de los libros de texto en el rendimiento y en la motivación del alumnado

    OpenAIRE

    Fuentes Mora, Raquel

    2017-01-01

    Treball Final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Primària. Codi: MP1040. Curs acadèmic: 2016/2017 Los maestros disponen de muchos recursos que pueden utilizar para enseñar contenidos matemáticos, al mismo tiempo que consiguen captar el interés de los alumnos hacia las matemáticas. El trabajo que se presenta a continuación trata sobre el efecto que tienen los materiales manipulativos y el libro de texto en la actitud y el interés del alumnado. También se comprobará la efectividad de los ...

  4. Zeolite MCM-22 Modified with Au and Cu for Catalytic Total Oxidation of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide

    Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database

    Kaminski, P.; Sobczak, I.; Decyk, P.; Ziolek, M.; Roth, Wieslaw Jerzy; Campo, B.; Daturi, M.

    2013-01-01

    Roč. 117, č. 5 (2013), s. 2147-2159 ISSN 1932-7447 R&D Projects: GA ČR(CZ) GAP106/12/0189 Institutional support: RVO:61388955 Keywords : adsorption * carbon dioxide * MCM-22 zeolites Subject RIV: CF - Physical ; Theoretical Chemistry Impact factor: 4.835, year: 2013

  5. Bruselas. Exposición Internacional. Materiales de construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arredondo, Francisco

    1958-10-01

    Full Text Available Se detallan los materiales de construcción más empleados en la Exposición de Bruselas, indicando las modalidades de uso de cada uno de ellos. Al lado de los materiales tradicionales se presentan materiales modernos, o de uso reciente, marcando tendencias para la industria de la construcción.

  6. Proyecto de mejora de la durabilidad de los pavimentos usados en aeropuertos empleando materiales alternativos y geo-sintéticos

    OpenAIRE

    Cabezuelo Moreno, Juan José

    2015-01-01

    Contribuir a la mejora de la durabilidad de los pavimentos usados en las pistas de aeropuertos, en particular pavimentos de tipo flexible, empleando combinaciones de capas de diferentes materiales y geo-sintéticos. En particular, plantear el uso de materiales novedosos como alternativa a las típicas capas de pavimento a base de hormigón y mejora de la durabilidad de las mismas empleando combinaciones de sendos materiales y geo-sintéticos. El mundo de la aviación y en concreto el del diseño...

  7. Combined microcalorimetric and IR spectroscopic study on carbon dioxide adsorption in H-MCM-22

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Arean, C.O., E-mail: co.arean@uib.es [Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Delgado, M.R. [Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca (Spain); Bulánek, R.; Frolich, K. [Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 532 10 Pardubice (Czech Republic)

    2014-10-15

    Highlights: • Adsorption calorimetry and variable temperature IR spectroscopy is used to study adsorption of CO{sub 2} in the protonic zeolite H-MCM-22. • By simultaneously recording IR absorbance over a temperature range, temperature and equilibrium pressure, standard adsorption enthalpy and entropy of CO{sub 2} was determined. • The results are discussed in the broader context of carbon dioxide capture from the flue gas of fossil fuel fired power stations. - Abstract: The thermodynamics of carbon dioxide adsorption in the protonic zeolite H-MCM-22 (Si:Al = 16:1) was investigated by means of adsorption calorimetry and variable-temperature IR spectroscopy, a technique that affords determination of standard adsorption enthalpy (ΔH{sup 0}) and entropy (ΔS{sup 0}) from analysis of a series of IR spectra recorded over a temperature range while simultaneously measuring equilibrium pressure inside a closed IR cell. ΔH{sup 0} resulted to be −24.5 (±2) kJ mol{sup −1}, while for the entropy change the value of ΔS{sup 0} = −115 (±10) J mol{sup −1} K{sup −1} was obtained. The obtained ΔH{sup 0} value is compared with those reported in the literature for the adsorption of CO{sub 2} on other zeolites, and discussed in the context of carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.

  8. Ciencia y tecnología de materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rasines, Isidoro

    2000-05-01

    Full Text Available Not available

    Se indica cuando nacen los institutos del Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales y se expone cómo se evalúan los resultados de la labor que realizan. Se describe esta labor comenzando con la que llevan a cabo los cuatro institutos sectoriales en los ámbitos de las Ciencias de la Construcción, la Ciencia y la Tecnología de Polímeros, la Cerámica y el Vidrio, y la Metalurgia. A continuación se consigna la que realizan los cuatro institutos de Ciencias de Materiales en Aragón, Barcelona, Madrid y Sevilla; y la Unidad de Física de Materiales, en Bilbao. Al pasar revista a la situación actual estos centros se hace referencia a sus líneas de trabajo y proyectos en curso, y se mencionan en algún caso sus horizontes de futuro. También se indican en sendos anexos datos sobre recursos humanos y presupuestarios.

  9. Contabilidad de Costos I. - Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales

    OpenAIRE

    Morillo Moreno, Marysela C.

    2008-01-01

    ÍNDICE Introducción Problemas sobre terminología básica Problemas básicos sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilidad de Costos Problemas sobre contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los materiales Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con la mano de obra Problemas sobre la contabilización de las actividades relacionadas con los costos indirectos de fabricación Problemas sobre el Ciclo de la Contabilida...

  10. Grafeno y Siliceno: una nueva vida gracias a la sutileza de los materiales bidimensionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María del Rayo Chávez-Castillo

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available A raíz del descubrimiento experimental del grafeno en el año 2004, el estudio de otros materiales bidimensionales ha ido en aumento. Debido a sus extraordinarias propiedades, el grafeno se ha convertido en el material con mayor potencial para reemplazar al silicio. Así, el interés por mantener a la bien establecida tecnología basada en silicio ha provocado que el grafeno ya tenga un fuerte competidor en la lucha por renovar la microelectrónica: el siliceno. Con la finalidad de dar a conocer al siliceno presentamos algunos datos y características relevantes que hasta el momento se han obtenido sobre estos nuevos materiales; también presentamos los resultados obtenidos acerca de las propiedades estructurales y termodinámicas del siliceno determinadas mediante simulaciones de dinámica molecular.

  11. Ventajas de los materiales de cambio de fase en la comercialización de productos de la pesca

    OpenAIRE

    Domínguez Alonso, Manuel; García Rodríguez, Carmen; Arias Carrillo, José Maria

    2012-01-01

    Se exponen y discuten las ventajas que se han encontrado en el empleo de los materiales de cambio de fase o PCM, en la comercialización de todos los tipos de productos acuáticos, sobre todo: en el enfriamiento de especies marinas de difícil comercialización, en su transporte hasta puerto, en los de larga duración y en vivo. Se describen los PCM más adecuados y las técnicas de su empleo para las principales aplicaciones que se han visto, facilitando los sistemas de cálculo para su comer...

  12. El papel de los alumnos en el proceso de selección, creación e implementación de materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lozano López, Gracia

    2009-11-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se describe una experiencia didáctica llevada a cabo por los autores y que pretendió fomentar la implicación del alumno de E/LE (niveles B1-C1 en los procesos de planificación y creación de materiales de su curso. Partiendo de la necesidad de mejorar los resultados de determinadas actividades de expresión oral que se realizaban en los cursos (presentaciones en clase sobre temas culturales, y tras realizar un estudio de campo sobre las ideas de los alumnos sobre cómo explotar didácticamente materiales reales y otros temas, los autores propusieron a los alumnos la tarea de elaborar mini-clases alrededor de algún tema y ser “profesores” de sus compañeros. Para ello les proporcionaron guías de actuación (“andamiajes pedagógicos”, así como otros instrumentos (recursos conversacionales para manejar el lenguaje de aula y trucos docentes. En el artículo se revisan los resultados obtenidos y se teoriza sobre la conveniencia, ventajas y desventajas de este tipo de tarea para alumnos de idiomas.

  13. Los graneros sobreelevados rurales en la Hispania romana: materiales y técnicas constructivas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salido Domínguez, Javier

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available The present work analyses the building techniques used in the raised granaries from Hispania. It is paid specific attention to the constructive materials and techniques to store grain in good environmental conditions of temperature and humidity.El presente trabajo pretende ser un acercamiento al análisis de las técnicas empleadas en la construcción de los graneros rurales hispanorromanos dotados de pavimentos sobreelevados. Se presta una especial atención a los materiales constructivos y al empeño que supuso la edificación de estas estructuras rurales específicas que requerían de unos conocimientos precisos para mantener en perfectas condiciones de temperatura y humedad los productos agrícolas en el interior de las cámaras de almacenaje.

  14. Binding of MCM-interacting proteins to ATP-binding site in MCM6

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hosoi A

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Atsutoshi Hosoi, Taku Sakairi, Yukio Ishimi Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan Abstract: The function of MCM2–7 complex that is a DNA helicase in DNA replication may be regulated by various MCM-interacting proteins, including CDC45, RPA, TIM, TIPIN, Claspin, MCM10, and MCM-BP. It has been shown by immunoprecipitation that human MCM6 interacts with all these proteins in coexpressed insect cells. To determine the region in MCM6 to interact with these proteins, we prepared various truncated forms of MCM6 and examined the interaction of these MCM6 fragments with the MCM-interacting proteins. All these proteins bound to C-terminal half of MCM6, and CDC45, RPA2, TIM, TIPIN, MCM-BP, and MCM10 bound to the fragments containing ATP-binding motifs. CDC45 and RPA2 bound to the smallest fragment containing Walker motif A. Only MCM-BP is bound to the N-terminal half of MCM6. Site-directed mutagenesis study suggests that hydrophobic interaction is involved in the interaction of MCM6 with CDC45 and TIM. These results suggest a possibility that MCM-interacting proteins regulate MCM2–7 function by modulating the ATP-binding ability of the MCM2–7. Keywords: DNA helicase, DNA replication, checkpoint, MCM2–7 proteins

  15. Aporte del diseño gráfico en los materiales curriculares para e-Learning

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rebeca Lozano Castro

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Con la incursión de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC´s al proceso educativo, las Instituciones a nivel nacional han tenido que llevar a cabo acciones correspondientes para incorporar estas tecnologías al proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje (E-A,  las cuales han implicado generar estrategias que permitan facilitar a los docentes la incorporación de las TIC’s a la planeación de los contenidos temáticos de las asignaturas que imparten.Sin embargo, gran parte de las estrategias planteadas, sólo cubren el aspecto funcional de la tecnología, pero no su incorporación en la proceso de E-A o incluso la adecuación de los materiales didácticos para ser usados mediante las TIC’s. Adicionalmente a lo anterior, la educación en México, principalmente a nivel superior, necesita plantear otros paradigmas que permitan acceder a ese tipo de formación a jóvenes que por causas sociales, políticas, geográficas, económicas o de otras índoles, no tienen acceso a la misma, cuestión que podría ser resuelta por la accesibilidad que ofrecen las TIC’s.Además es necesario reconocer que pese a los esfuerzos realizados, concretamente en el área educativa, las TIC's todavía no han sido potenciadas y aprovechadas en la enorme posibilidad que ofrecen para los procesos educativos. La actividad educativa con las TIC's, debiera manifestarse principalmente en la creación de materiales curriculares que se adapten a estas tecnologías, hecho que se ve reflejado en la Declaración Mundial sobre la Educación Superior en el Siglo XXI, la cual establece que “Los nuevos métodos pedagógicos también supondrán nuevos materiales didácticos”. En ese sentido, en las escuelas a nivel Superior de Tamaulipas las TIC's se han ido incorporando ya en sus procesos educativos, pero no se tiene un conocimiento puntual de la efectividad que dicha tecnología este provocando en el proceso educativo.Esto hace necesario la creación de una

  16. Materiales de carbono micro-mesoporosos obtenidos mediante nanomoldeo

    OpenAIRE

    Enterría González, Marina

    2014-01-01

    Las aplicaciones actuales de los materiales de carbono exigen el ajuste de sus propiedades en función de los requerimientos en cada aplicación. Esto implica el desarrollo de nuevos métodos de síntesis que permitan un control preciso de las propiedades finales de los carbones en términos de porosidad, estructura o química superficial. En este contexto, el desarrollo de materiales de carbono con estructura porosa jerárquica resulta de especial interés gracias al potencial que presentan. Den...

  17. Propiedades y aplicaciones de los materiales aislantes a base de vidrio espumado

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez Castro, Carlos

    1958-02-01

    Full Text Available Not availableEn un artículo precedente, aparecido en el núm. 82 de U. A. M. C., se definieron y estudiaron brevemente los materiales aislantes a base de vidrio espumado -Foamglas-, dedicándose una atención más amplia a los procedimientos y ensayos de laboratorio, realizados para obtener la máxima espumación del producto. Entonces sólo se mencionaron algunas de sus características y propiedades más importantes; también se indicaron, sin entrar en detalles, algunas de sus aplicaciones. Seguidamente, y como complemento de lo anteriormente dicho, se van a enumerar: las características de este material, pesos específicos, coeficientes de aislamiento, resistencias, etc.; los productos que con él se fabrican, bloques, planchas, coquillas, etc.; y las distintas aplicaciones que tiene en la construcción y en otras industrias, a las cuales beneficia con su colaboración, resolviendo problemas de aislamiento, aligeramiento de peso, etc. En distintas fotografías se presentan algunos ejemplos de aislamiento, de edificios, fijación de piezas y enlucido o revestimiento de los paramentos realizados con este producto.

  18. synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of the pillared molecular sieve MCM-36

    NARCIS (Netherlands)

    He, Y.; Nivarthy, G.S.; Eder, F.; Eder, F.; Seshan, Kulathuiyer; Lercher, J.A.

    1998-01-01

    MCM-36 materials were prepared by swelling the layered MCM-22 precursors with large organic molecules and then pillaring the resulting material with polymeric silica. A mesopore region with 0.25–0.3 nm thickness between the microporous layers was identified. The BET surface area obtained for MCM-36

  19. Los Objetos de Aprendizaje del Portal Educ.ar: inclusión de tecnologías digitales en materiales didácticos de Lengua y Literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejo Ezequiel González López Ledesma

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se presentan los primeros avances de una investigación de tesis de maestría cuyo tema es la inclusión de tecnologías digitales en los materiales didácticos de Lengua y Literatura del Portal Educ.ar dedicados a la enseñanza de la escritura. A lo largo de este trabajo, expondremos nuestro marco teórico, que incorpora las discusiones en torno a los materiales didácticos que incluyen tecnologías digitales y el enfoque sobre la enseñanza de la escritura que guía nuestro análisis. Luego, detallaremos la metodología utilizada y expondremos los resultados de nuestro análisis a partir de una serie de ejemplos representativos de la muestra seleccionada. De este modo, buscaremos dar cuenta de la forma en que un enfoque didáctico-disciplinar puede arrojar luz sobre las posibilidades que ofrece la inclusión de tecnologías digitales para la enseñanza de la escritura en el marco de las propuestas de los materiales didácticos.

  20. The Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities; Proteccion Fisica De Los Materiales Y Las Instalaciones Nucleares

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1999-06-15

    Physical protection against the theft or unauthorized diversion of nuclear materials and against the sabotage of nuclear facilities by individuals or groups has long been a matter of national and international concern. Although responsibility for establishing and operating a comprehensive physical protection system for nuclear materials and facilities within a State rests entirely with the Government of that State, it is not a matter of indifference to other States whether and to what extent that responsibility is fulfilled. Physical protection has therefore become a matter of international concern and co-operation. The need for international co-operation becomes evident in situations where the effectiveness of physical protection in one State depends on the taking by other States also of adequate measures to deter or defeat hostile actions against nuclear facilities and nuclear materials, particularly when such materials are transported across national frontiers [Spanish] La proteccion fisica contra el robo o la desviacion no autorizada de materiales nucleares y contra el sabotaje de las instalaciones nucleares por parte de individuos o grupos es motivo de preocupacion nacional e internacional desde hace mucho tiempo. Aunque la obligacion de crear y hacer funcionar un sistema completo de proteccion fisica de las instalaciones y materiales nucleares en el territorio de un Estado determinado incumbe exclusivamente al Gobierno de dicho Estado, el que esa obligacion se cumpla o no, y si se cumple, en que medida o hasta que punto, son cosas que no dejan indiferentes a los demas Estados. Por ello, la proteccion fisica se ha convertido en motivo de interes y cooperacion internacional. La necesidad de la cooperacion internacional se hace evidente en los casos en que la eficacia de la proteccion fisica en el territorio de un Estado depende de que otros Estados tomen tambien medidas apropiadas para evitar o hacer fracasar los actos hostiles dirigidos contra instalaciones y

  1. The MCM-associated protein MCM-BP is important for human nuclear morphology.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jagannathan, Madhav; Sakwe, Amos M; Nguyen, Tin; Frappier, Lori

    2012-01-01

    Mini-chromosome maintenance complex-binding protein (MCM-BP) was discovered as a protein that is strongly associated with human MCM proteins, known to be crucial for DNA replication in providing DNA helicase activity. The Xenopus MCM-BP homologue appears to play a role in unloading MCM complexes from chromatin after DNA synthesis; however, the importance of MCM-BP and its functional contribution to human cells has been unclear. Here we show that depletion of MCM-BP by sustained expression of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) results in highly abnormal nuclear morphology and centrosome amplification. The abnormal nuclear morphology was not seen with depletion of other MCM proteins and was rescued with shRNA-resistant MCM-BP. MCM-BP depletion was also found to result in transient activation of the G2 checkpoint, slowed progression through G2 and increased replication protein A foci, indicative of replication stress. In addition, MCM-BP depletion led to increased cellular levels of MCM proteins throughout the cell cycle including soluble MCM pools. The results suggest that MCM-BP makes multiple contributions to human cells that are not limited to unloading of the MCM complex.

  2. Bandas miloníticas plegadas en los materiales metamórficos del sur de Segovia

    OpenAIRE

    Macaya Miguel, Javier

    1983-01-01

    RESUMEN: En los materiales metamórficos del Sur de Segovia la segunda fase de deformación hercínica da lugar a bandas miloníticas de extensión kilométrica. Estas bandas están plegadas por la tercera fase; mediante criterios estructurales se deducen en esta zona una sinforma y una antiforma como las estructuras más notables de esta fase.

  3. Absorcion de nutrientes en cuatro materiales de lechuga, Lactuca sativa L.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Archila Julio Agapito

    1997-06-01

    Full Text Available

    En el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, ICA, Tibaitata, en el municipio de Mosquera (Cundinamarca, en el aña de 1991, se realizo un estudio de campo con cuatro materiales de lechuga procedentes de semillas importadas y nacionales producidas en condiciones de la Sabana de Bogotá, de las variedades Great Lakes 118 y Climax . En el estudio se utilizo un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres replicaciones y cuatro tratamientos (origen de la semilla. Se toma información sobre los contenidos de oligoelementos y microelementos a intervalos de ocho días después del transplante y hasta la cosecha. En el ultimo muestreo (cosecha final, se les realizo un análisis bromatológico a los cuatro materiales de lechuga con el fin de comparar su valor nutritivo. Los resultados obtenidos no presentaron diferencias estadísticas entre los cuatro materiales de lechuga en lo pertinente a contenido de nutrientes y calidad de los productos. También, se encontró que el promedio de la producción fue de 22 toneladas de lechuga, con 90% de humedad y el cultivo extrajo 60,5 Kg. de nitrógeno, 48,4 Kg de fosforo y 136,4 Kg de potasio.

    Palabras Claves: Nutrición, bromatología.

  4. ANÁLISIS DE FLUJO DE MATERIALES EN SISTEMAS HUMANOS: UNA REVISIÓN

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jaime Díaz Gómez

    Full Text Available Este artículo es una revisión de los antecedentes históricos y la evolución del concepto de metabolismo de los sistemas humanos, hasta el metabolismo de la antropósfera y su descripción en términos del Análisis de Flujo de Materiales (AFM. Se presentan diferentes experiencias a nivel internacional y nacional que evidencian la aplicabilidad del método. Se muestra cómo el AFM es un método flexible adecuado para la gestión ambiental en diferentes sectores, el cual puede ser empleado para el análisis integral de los problemas ambientales generados por la actividad del hombre y para detectar o estimar los flujos y los stocks de materiales que pueden ser indeseables o potencialmente peligrosos. Esto permite el establecimiento de estrategias eficientes de gestión de flujos de materiales desde el punto de vista de la sostenibilidad, realizando una estimación de los flujos actuales de materiales para anticipar problemas ambientales y emprender acciones tempranas.

  5. Interactions of the human MCM-BP protein with MCM complex components and Dbf4.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tin Nguyen

    Full Text Available MCM-BP was discovered as a protein that co-purified from human cells with MCM proteins 3 through 7; results which were recapitulated in frogs, yeast and plants. Evidence in all of these organisms supports an important role for MCM-BP in DNA replication, including contributions to MCM complex unloading. However the mechanisms by which MCM-BP functions and associates with MCM complexes are not well understood. Here we show that human MCM-BP is capable of interacting with individual MCM proteins 2 through 7 when co-expressed in insect cells and can greatly increase the recovery of some recombinant MCM proteins. Glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis indicated that MCM-BP interacts most strongly with MCM4 and MCM7. Similar gradient analyses of human cell lysates showed that only a small amount of MCM-BP overlapped with the migration of MCM complexes and that MCM complexes were disrupted by exogenous MCM-BP. In addition, large complexes containing MCM-BP and MCM proteins were detected at mid to late S phase, suggesting that the formation of specific MCM-BP complexes is cell cycle regulated. We also identified an interaction between MCM-BP and the Dbf4 regulatory component of the DDK kinase in both yeast 2-hybrid and insect cell co-expression assays, and this interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins from human cells. In vitro kinase assays showed that MCM-BP was not a substrate for DDK but could inhibit DDK phosphorylation of MCM4,6,7 within MCM4,6,7 or MCM2-7 complexes, with little effect on DDK phosphorylation of MCM2. Since DDK is known to activate DNA replication through phosphorylation of these MCM proteins, our results suggest that MCM-BP may affect DNA replication in part by regulating MCM phosphorylation by DDK.

  6. Interactions of the human MCM-BP protein with MCM complex components and Dbf4.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nguyen, Tin; Jagannathan, Madhav; Shire, Kathy; Frappier, Lori

    2012-01-01

    MCM-BP was discovered as a protein that co-purified from human cells with MCM proteins 3 through 7; results which were recapitulated in frogs, yeast and plants. Evidence in all of these organisms supports an important role for MCM-BP in DNA replication, including contributions to MCM complex unloading. However the mechanisms by which MCM-BP functions and associates with MCM complexes are not well understood. Here we show that human MCM-BP is capable of interacting with individual MCM proteins 2 through 7 when co-expressed in insect cells and can greatly increase the recovery of some recombinant MCM proteins. Glycerol gradient sedimentation analysis indicated that MCM-BP interacts most strongly with MCM4 and MCM7. Similar gradient analyses of human cell lysates showed that only a small amount of MCM-BP overlapped with the migration of MCM complexes and that MCM complexes were disrupted by exogenous MCM-BP. In addition, large complexes containing MCM-BP and MCM proteins were detected at mid to late S phase, suggesting that the formation of specific MCM-BP complexes is cell cycle regulated. We also identified an interaction between MCM-BP and the Dbf4 regulatory component of the DDK kinase in both yeast 2-hybrid and insect cell co-expression assays, and this interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins from human cells. In vitro kinase assays showed that MCM-BP was not a substrate for DDK but could inhibit DDK phosphorylation of MCM4,6,7 within MCM4,6,7 or MCM2-7 complexes, with little effect on DDK phosphorylation of MCM2. Since DDK is known to activate DNA replication through phosphorylation of these MCM proteins, our results suggest that MCM-BP may affect DNA replication in part by regulating MCM phosphorylation by DDK.

  7. La sostenibilidad en la arquitectura industrializada: cerrando el ciclo de los materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Wadel, G.

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available The condition of sustainability, from a physical point of view, can be defined as the closure of the material cycle. This is reached in determined systems, in the absence of residual flows, and in which resources are constantly recycled. Such systems can encounter serious obstacles in the productive model that characterises the majority of contemporary industry. The productive model, born during the Industrial Revolution, can be summarised by the following lineal sequence: extraction > manufacture > use > residue. In contrast, this research focuses on a productive model from the ecological industry, based on the example of the biosphere as a recycling machine. Requiring the elimination of the concept of residues, the system can be summarised by the following continuous cycle: recycling-manufacturing-use-recycling. The hypothesis posed is as follows: using technology presently available, represented by the lightweight modular construction that is commercialised by renting (making it possible to return the modules to the factory once their useful life is over, therefore recuperating resources, a management system capable to close the material cycle at least to 90% can be developed. (conventional building construction currently manages a recycling value of 10% of used resources.

    La condición de sostenibilidad, desde el punto de vista físico, puede ser definida como el cierre de los ciclos materiales, alcanzándose éste en un sistema determinado cuando no existen flujos de residuos sino que los recursos se reciclan constantemente. Tal condición encuentra un fuerte obstáculo en el modelo productivo que caracteriza a la mayor parte de la industria contemporánea, nacido en la revolución industrial, que puede sintetizarse en la secuencia lineal extracción > fabricación > uso > residuo. En oposición a ello, el modelo productivo en el que se centra la investigación que aquí se presenta es la ecología industrial y se basa en el

  8. Nuclear localization of Schizosaccharomyces pombe Mcm2/Cdc19p requires MCM complex assembly.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Pasion, S G; Forsburg, S L

    1999-12-01

    The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins MCM2-MCM7 are conserved eukaryotic replication factors that assemble in a heterohexameric complex. In fission yeast, these proteins are nuclear throughout the cell cycle. In studying the mechanism that regulates assembly of the MCM complex, we analyzed the cis and trans elements required for nuclear localization of a single subunit, Mcm2p. Mutation of any single mcm gene leads to redistribution of wild-type MCM subunits to the cytoplasm, and this redistribution depends on an active nuclear export system. We identified the nuclear localization signal sequences of Mcm2p and showed that these are required for nuclear targeting of other MCM subunits. In turn, Mcm2p must associate with other MCM proteins for its proper localization; nuclear localization of MCM proteins thus requires assembly of MCM proteins in a complex. We suggest that coupling complex assembly to nuclear targeting and retention ensures that only intact heterohexameric MCM complexes remain nuclear.

  9. Estudio del proceso de laminación de módulos fotovoltaicos con materiales alternativos

    OpenAIRE

    Murillo Larrey, Ana

    2016-01-01

    Este Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) desarrollará el proceso de laminación de módulos fotovoltaicos (FV) utilizando materiales alternativos a los de los módulos convencionales. Los materiales alternativos son el policarbonato (PC) y un entramado estructural, los cuales sustituyen al vidrio y al marco de aluminio. El objetivo de la utilización de estos materiales es la construcción de un módulo ligero y adaptable a diferentes superficies para facilitar su uso en integración arquitect...

  10. Estudio del comportamiento tribológico de materiales compuestos

    OpenAIRE

    Planells Torres, Mariano

    2017-01-01

    Los materiales compuestos se utilizan cada vez más en el diseño de piezas estructurales para la fabricación de automóviles con el fin de fabricar vehículos más ligeros, más seguros y más eficientes. Para obtener las piezas deseadas, los materiales compuestos se deben conformar en las geometrías elegidas por medio de herramientas de conformación a la temperatura de curado necesaria. El conocimiento de la interacción material-herramienta durante los procesos de conformado es crucial durante el ...

  11. MCM-BP regulates unloading of the MCM2–7 helicase in late S phase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Nishiyama, Atsuya; Frappier, Lori; Méchali, Marcel

    2011-01-01

    Origins of DNA replication are licensed by recruiting MCM2–7 to assemble the prereplicative complex (pre-RC). How MCM2–7 is inactivated or removed from chromatin at the end of S phase is still unclear. Here, we show that MCM-BP can disassemble the MCM2–7 complex and might function as an unloader of MCM2–7 from chromatin. In Xenopus egg extracts, MCM-BP exists in a stable complex with MCM7, but is not associated with the MCM2–7 hexameric complex. MCM-BP accumulates in nuclei in late S phase, well after the loading of MCM2–7 onto chromatin. MCM-BP immunodepletion in Xenopus egg extracts inhibits replication-dependent MCM dissociation without affecting pre-RC formation and DNA replication. When excess MCM-BP is incubated with Xenopus egg extracts or immunopurified MCM2–7, it binds to MCM proteins and promotes disassembly of the MCM2–7 complex. Recombinant MCM-BP also releases MCM2–7 from isolated late-S-phase chromatin, but this activity is abolished when DNA replication is blocked. MCM-BP silencing in human cells also delays MCM dissociation in late S phase. We propose that MCM-BP plays a key role in the mechanism by which pre-RC is cleared from replicated DNA in vertebrate cells. PMID:21196493

  12. Radioactividad natural en materiales de construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isalgue, A.

    1985-03-01

    Full Text Available Some materials usually employed in building edification have been analyzed for their radioactive contents. The specific activities of all the gamma rays emisors present in fourteen differents samples have been determined. In all the cases, only low activities (under 2 Bq/g have been found for these samples collected from the surroundings of Barcelona.

    Los radioisótopos contenidos en los materiales habitualmente empleados en construcción son analizados con espectrometría gamma. Se calculan las actividades específicas de los diferentes radioisótopos en catorce materiales seleccionados, provenientes de las cercanías de Barcelona, obteniéndose niveles de radioactividad bajos (inferiores a 2 Bq/g.

  13. Materiales y recursos en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en la Educación Infantil

    OpenAIRE

    Fernández Castro, Elisa

    2013-01-01

    RESUMEN A lo largo del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, los materiales y recursos y el uso adecuado de los mismos cobran un especial protagonismo. En el ámbito de la lógica-matemática durante la Educación Infantil, un correcto conocimiento de los materiales por parte de los docentes facilita y motiva el aprendizaje de los escolares. En este trabajo se muestra la importancia de los materiales en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en la etapa infantil, con las ventajas y limitaciones de su uso y ...

  14. Materiales intermetálicos para aplicaciones estructurales a altas temperaturas

    OpenAIRE

    Adeva, Paloma

    1999-01-01

    La investigación en el campo de los materiales intermetálicos ha recibido un fuerte impulso a partir de los años 80 debido principalmente a las demandas por parte del sector aeronáutico, de materiales resistentes, tenaces y dúctiles a elevadas temperaturas que puedan sustituir a las superaleaciones.En este trabajo se analizan las propiedades más características de estos compuestos tales como la estructura ordenada, los elevados valores de límite elástico y resistencia a rotura,que mantienen h...

  15. High acidity unilamellar zeolite MCM-56 and its pillared and delaminated derivatives.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Gil, Barbara; Makowski, Wacław; Marszalek, Bartosz; Roth, Wieslaw J; Kubu, Martin; Čejka, Jiři; Olejniczak, Zbigniew

    2014-07-21

    The unilamellar form of zeolite MWW, MCM-56, which is obtained by direct hydrothermal synthesis has been studied with regard to acidity and porosity in its original and post-synthesis modified pillared and delaminated forms. The acidity measured by FTIR was found to be only slightly lower than the highly active 3-D MWW forms, MCM-22 and MCM-49. Pivalonitrile adsorption, which is a measure of spatial openness, showed 50% accessibility vs. MCM-22/49. It highlights the potential of MCM-56 as a layered material with increased access to acid sites because it does not entail laborious post-synthesis modification. Swelling, pillaring and delamination of MCM-56 are facile but result in a reduction in the number of Brønsted acid sites (BAS) while increasing accessibility to pivalonitrile. The delamination procedure involving sonication and acidification of the highly basic mother liquor produces the most visible increase in surface area and access to all BAS. The accompanying doubling of the solid yield and the decrease in absolute number of BAS suggest significant precipitation of dissolved silica generated during swelling and sonication in high pH medium. The viability of separating surfactant covered layers upon sonication with the consequence of exposing hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails to aqueous environment is addressed.

  16. Estudio diagnóstico de los materiales pétreos de las fachadas del Ayuntamiento de Elx

    OpenAIRE

    Louis Cereceda, Miguel; Spairani Berrio, Yolanda; García del Cura, María Ángeles; Prado Govea, Raúl Hugo; Huesca Tortosa, José Antonio; Spairani Berrio, Silvia

    2009-01-01

    El presente trabajo expone los resultados obtenidos en el análisis de los materiales pétreos utilizados en la construcción del ayuntamiento de Elx (Spain) y las propuestas de intervención realizadas para evitar el deterioro de sus fachadas. El Ayuntamiento de Elx, es un edificio catalogado y protegido. Se encuentra en el centro de la ciudad, cerca del río Vinalopó. Se comenzó a edificar en el año 1441, siendo transformado en palacio renacentista en 1548 y vuelto a ampliar por última vez en 16...

  17. Estudio de la fractura de materiales compuestos por una matriz de plástico

    OpenAIRE

    Maspoch, M. Ll. (Maria Lluïsa)

    1992-01-01

    Se estudia el comportamiento a fractura de materiales, compuestos por una matriz de plástico en la que se ha dispersado una segunda fase en forma de partículas elastoméricas. Como matriz se han utilizado dos materiales diferentes: una resina de poliéster insaturada y poliestireno. Se estudia la morfología de los materiales compuestos preparados, se determinan los parámetros de fractura y otras propiedades mecánicas, se realiza el estudio fractográfico y finalmente se analizan los resultados e...

  18. Primera consulta sobre la industria de los materiales de la construcción organizada por ONUDI y UNCHS (HABITAT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salas, Julián

    1985-06-01

    Full Text Available This work, devoted to the First Consultation sponsored by ONUDI-UNCHS (HABITAT relative to "Building Materials Industry", selects three different sides of it: the final version of the conclusions and recommendations prepared in Athens by the participants, the author personal answers, as a participant himself, to some questions elabored by the Consultation organizers as well as a brief account of the round tables held in the IETcc with some of the Latin American professionals who took part in the X Course of High Studies on Construction focused on this important event. Thus the aim is to try to spread among the readers of spanish language the Athens recommendations on the industry development of building materials in developing countries.

    Se recogen en este trabajo, sobre la Primera Consulta patrocinada por ONUDI-UNCHS (HABITAT relativa a la "Industria de los materiales de construcción", tres aspectos bien distintos sobre la misma: la versión definitiva de las conclusiones y recomendaciones elaboradas por los participantes en Atenas; las respuestas personales del autor, como participante, a algunas de las preguntas preparadas por los organizadores de la Consulta, así como una breve reseña de las mesas redondas celebradas en el lETcc con algunos de los profesionales iberoamericanos participantes en el X Curso de Estudios Mayores de la Construcción centradas en este importante evento. El objetivo, por tanto, es el de tratar de divulgar entre los lectores de habla hispana las recomendaciones de Atenas sobre el desarrollo de la industria de los materiales de construcción en los países en vías de desarrollo.

  19. Cuantificación de los recursos materiales consumidos en la ejecución de la cimentación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mercader, M. P.

    2010-03-01

    Full Text Available The construction produces a significant environmental impact; it consumes about 40% of the natural resources and generates about 40% of the total waste. Then, the construction technician is responsible, among others, through the design, material selection, construction, usage and final demolition, to reduce the environmental impact. There is a big interest to identify and quantify the factors that define such impact. The only way to improve the system is through an easy measurement and comparison of the resources consumed by different construction methods. The task is not simple because the system involves heterogeneous processing and agents, from the material extraction or fabrication throughout the demolition or recycling. Finally, a practical example is presented in which the consumed resources are identified and quantified during the foundation construction. The results from the study are worrisome due to the fact that 100% of the resources are sustainability barriers, for the reason that they are non renewable (90% or toxic during production or edification (10%.

    La industria de la construcción produce un significativo impacto medioambiental debido a que consume cerca del 40% de los recursos naturales y genera en torno al 40% de los residuos. Debe ser función del técnico responsable, entre otros, a través de los procesos de diseño, obtención y suministro de materiales, construcción, uso y demolición final, contribuir a un entorno más sostenible. Es por ello de gran interés identificar y cuantificar los factores que condicionan el impacto ambiental, ya que el único modo en el que se puede hablar de mejoras es a través de la obtención de datos que se puedan medir y contrastar con facilidad. En el presente trabajo se evaluarán estos factores desde la perspectiva de los recursos materiales consumidos durante la fase de construcción de la edificación. Dicha tarea no es sencilla dada la intervención de procesos y agentes

  20. Cómo mencionar el uso de materiales con Licencias Creative Commons

    OpenAIRE

    Cornet Hernando, Jordi

    2011-01-01

    Tutorial sobre como citar correctamente los materiales licenciados con Creative Commons. Tutorial sobre como citar correctament els materiales amb llicència Creative Commons. Tutorial on How to cite properly licensed Creative Commons materials.

  1. Materiales piezoeléctricos: formas de presentación ventajas y desventajas en las aplicaciones

    OpenAIRE

    Jiménez, B.

    1995-01-01

    El enorme desarrollo que han experimentado las aplicaciones de los materiales piezoeléctricos en las nuevas tecnologías se ha debido, fundamentalmente, al descubrimiento de las propiedades ferroeléctricas en los materiales con estructura tipo perovskita de composiciones basadas en el Titanato de Plomo. La posibilidad de preparar soluciones sólidas en forma cerámica y más recientemente el polímero PVDF y los materiales compuestos por una fase activa piezoeléctrica y otra fase no activa , "comp...

  2. Investigación en materiales sometidos a altas presiones

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Juan Carlos Fallas

    2010-10-01

    Full Text Available El estudio de materiales sometidos a altas presiones es un tema de profundo interés en el campo científico e ingenieril actual. Diferentes análisis experimentales permiten descubrir los efectos que esta condición genera en la estructura molecular de un determinado compuesto.La implementación de la celda de diamante para altas presiones ha revolucionado este tema en las últimas décadas, al ser una herramienta vital en el desarrollo de estas pruebas. Presiones superiores, inclusive a los 20 Gpa, pueden ser generadas con este artefacto.Adicionalmente, la posibilidad de caracterizar muestras bajo estos parámetros y la inclusión de otras variables, como altas temperaturas, ofrecen un ambiente propicio para la evaluación de materiales bajo condiciones extremas.Este artículo explica los fundamentos básicos de la ciencia de materiales a altas presiones. Aspectos relevantes acerca de la celda de diamante y de la ejecución de experimentos son tratados en diferentes apartados. Se quiere compartir los alcances que esta disciplina posee, así como diferentes resultados que se han logrado en varias aplicaciones.Investigaciones en materiales para el almacenamiento de hidrógeno y energía, así como la simulación de condiciones presentes a muy altas profundidades en la Tierra, son casos que se tomaron en cuenta para ejemplificar áreas donde existen aplicaciones sustanciales.

  3. The fission yeast minichromosome maintenance (MCM)-binding protein (MCM-BP), Mcb1, regulates MCM function during prereplicative complex formation in DNA replication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santosa, Venny; Martha, Sabrina; Hirose, Noriaki; Tanaka, Katsunori

    2013-03-08

    The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is a replicative helicase, which is essential for chromosome DNA replication. In recent years, the identification of a novel MCM-binding protein (MCM-BP) in most eukaryotes has led to numerous studies investigating its function and its relationship to the MCM complex. However, the mechanisms by which MCM-BP functions and associates with MCM complexes are not well understood; in addition, the functional role of MCM-BP remains controversial and may vary between model organisms. The present study aims to elucidate the nature and biological function of the MCM-BP ortholog, Mcb1, in fission yeast. The Mcb1 protein continuously interacts with MCM proteins during the cell cycle in vivo and can interact with any individual MCM subunit in vitro. To understand the detailed characteristics of mcb1(+), two temperature-sensitive mcb1 gene mutants (mcb1(ts)) were isolated. Extensive genetic analysis showed that the mcb1(ts) mutants were suppressed by a mcm5(+) multicopy plasmid and displayed synthetic defects with many S-phase-related gene mutants. Moreover, cyclin-dependent kinase modulation by Cig2 repression or Rum1 overproduction suppressed the mcb1(ts) mutants, suggesting the involvement of Mcb1 in pre-RC formation during DNA replication. These data are consistent with the observation that Mcm7 loading onto replication origins is reduced and S-phase progression is delayed in mcb1(ts) mutants. Furthermore, the mcb1(ts) mutation led to the redistribution of MCM subunits to the cytoplasm, and this redistribution was dependent on an active nuclear export system. These results strongly suggest that Mcb1 promotes efficient pre-RC formation during DNA replication by regulating the MCM complex.

  4. The Fission Yeast Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM)-binding Protein (MCM-BP), Mcb1, Regulates MCM Function during Prereplicative Complex Formation in DNA Replication*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Santosa, Venny; Martha, Sabrina; Hirose, Noriaki; Tanaka, Katsunori

    2013-01-01

    The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is a replicative helicase, which is essential for chromosome DNA replication. In recent years, the identification of a novel MCM-binding protein (MCM-BP) in most eukaryotes has led to numerous studies investigating its function and its relationship to the MCM complex. However, the mechanisms by which MCM-BP functions and associates with MCM complexes are not well understood; in addition, the functional role of MCM-BP remains controversial and may vary between model organisms. The present study aims to elucidate the nature and biological function of the MCM-BP ortholog, Mcb1, in fission yeast. The Mcb1 protein continuously interacts with MCM proteins during the cell cycle in vivo and can interact with any individual MCM subunit in vitro. To understand the detailed characteristics of mcb1+, two temperature-sensitive mcb1 gene mutants (mcb1ts) were isolated. Extensive genetic analysis showed that the mcb1ts mutants were suppressed by a mcm5+ multicopy plasmid and displayed synthetic defects with many S-phase-related gene mutants. Moreover, cyclin-dependent kinase modulation by Cig2 repression or Rum1 overproduction suppressed the mcb1ts mutants, suggesting the involvement of Mcb1 in pre-RC formation during DNA replication. These data are consistent with the observation that Mcm7 loading onto replication origins is reduced and S-phase progression is delayed in mcb1ts mutants. Furthermore, the mcb1ts mutation led to the redistribution of MCM subunits to the cytoplasm, and this redistribution was dependent on an active nuclear export system. These results strongly suggest that Mcb1 promotes efficient pre-RC formation during DNA replication by regulating the MCM complex. PMID:23322785

  5. Los recursos materiales de educación física en la creatividad motriz

    OpenAIRE

    Cenizo Benjumea, José Manuel; Fernández Truhán, Juan Carlos

    2007-01-01

    El presente artículo, trata de llenar el vacío existente sobre estudios relacionados con la utilización de recursos materiales para poder mejorar y desarrollar la creatividad motriz en las clases de educación física y más concretamente en los niveles de Enseñanza Primaria. La investigación llevada a cabo en éste ámbito, bien puede considerarse como la única existente en toda Europa sobre estos temas y una aportación tremendamente importante en lo que se refiere al estudio del d...

  6. Expression of MCM-3 and MCM-7 in Primary Cutaneous T-cell Lymphomas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jankowska-Konsur, Alina; Kobierzycki, Christopher; Reich, Adam; Grzegrzolka, Jedrzej; Maj, Joanna; Dziegiel, Piotr

    2015-11-01

    Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas is a group of rare non-Hodgkin lymphomas, originally affecting the skin. Increased proliferation activity is a hallmark of diverse tumors and the proliferation rate, measured by the expression of various markers has a predictive value regarding the malignancy course. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value and the potential correlation between the expression of proliferation markers Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7, and clinicopathological data for different types of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on paraffin blocks obtained from 90 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and 21 patients with other CTCL (oCTCL), in comparison to 19 patients with benign inflammatory dermatosis (lichen planus, eczema), serving as control. Statistically significant differences in the expression of Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 were observed between oCTCL vs. the control group (29% vs. 5%; 17% vs. 5%; 13% vs. 1.5%, respectively, ANOVA with Scheffé post-hoc test: pMCM-3 (r=0.83; pMCM-7 (r=0.84; pMCM-3 and MCM-7 (r=0.81, pMCM-3 expression was significantly higher in advanced compared to early stages (11% vs. 3% and 15.5% vs. 5.0%, respectively, Student's t-test: pMCM-3 and MCM-7 compared to benign inflammatory dermatoses (Student's t-test: pMCM-3 and MCM-7 than T1a (pMCM-3 expression in MF showed a positive relationship with both nodal and distant metastases (ANOVA with Scheffé post hoc test: pMCM-3 expression correlated with shorter survival in MF, although the latter did not reach statistical significance (10-year survival 0.38 vs. 0.82, p=0.02, and 0.46 vs. 0.81, p=0.06, respectively; log rank test). All studied proliferation markers may had predictive values regarding the disease severity and prognosis. Further studies are required to analyze their implementation into patient stratification and treatment process such that will improve prognosis in CTCL. Copyright© 2015 International

  7. Materiales de obturación radicular utilizados en dientes deciduos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Trejo-A

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available La caries y traumatismos son las principales causas de urgencias en odontología pediátrica. Estas afecciones pueden llegar a ejercer un daño irreversible en el tejido pulpar comprometiendo la permanencia de los órganos dentarios afectados. Para limitar el daño pulpar y evitar la extracción de piezas temporales se han diseñado distintas técnicas que van desde recubrimientos pulpares hasta un tratamiento más radical como la pulpectomía. Ésta última consiste en la extirpación del tejido pulpar, la limpieza y desinfección del sistema de conductos y la obturación de los mismos. Diversos autores han descrito las características ideales que debe presentar un material obturador de conductos de la dentición temporal, en los que se incluyen actividad bactericida y bacteriostática, adecuado sellado tridimensional, biocompatibilidad y reabsorción del material a una velocidad similar que las raíces. Desde hace largo tiempo se han desarrollado diversos materiales para cumplir con las exigencias que demanda la técnica. Dentro de los primeros materiales surgidos con éste propósito se encuentran el Óxido de Zinc con Eugenol, Hidróxido de Calcio y materiales a base de yodoformo, con el tiempo surgieron combinaciones de estos materiales para aumentar las ventajas y disminuir las desventajas. De éstos, las pastas yodoformadas con Hidróxido de Calcio son los que han tenido mayor aceptación.

  8. Diseño sustentable de materiales de construcción; caso del concreto de matriz de cemento Pórtland

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Silverio Hernández Moreno

    2008-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente documento contiene una revisión sobre diseño sustentable aplicado a materiales de construcción, particularmente del concreto de cemento Pórtland; en donde se establecen los principales criterios y métodos para el manejo sustentable de los materiales de construcción a través del ciclo de vida de los materiales y de los edificios. Se menciona la necesidad de tener prácticas sustentables encaminadas a la reducción del impacto al ambiente y reducción de los costos de materiales de construcción, mediante la justa aplicación del diseño sustentable. En el caso práctico, queda definido que podemos disminuir el impacto ambiental mediante el uso de estrategias y métodos diversos para la selección y aplicación de materias primas dentro de los procesos de construcción, principalmente mediante la aplicación de los métodos de recuperación de materiales y de manejo sustentable de materias primas, tales como: reuso, reciclamiento, refabricación y recuperación de energía por materiales de construcción.

  9. Efecto de materiales orgánicos e inorgánicos sobre las fracciones de fósforo de un Oxisol de los Llanos Orientales colombianos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Daza Martha Constanza

    2006-12-01

    Full Text Available

    Uno de los mayores problemas de la fertilidad de los suelos de los Llanos Orientales, en la Orinoquia colombiana, es la alta fijación del fósforo ocasionada principalmente por los compuestos presentes en su fracción arcilla. El uso de mezclas de materiales orgánicos y minerales puede ayudar a disminuir esta fijación, para lo que se utilizaron dos materiales orgánicos –gallinaza y compost– y dos materiales inorgánicos –cal y superfosfato triple (SPT– y se estableció un total de 13 tratamientos dispuestos en bloques al azar y compuestos por las diferentes combinaciones entre fertilizantes minerales y orgánicos. La medición del fraccionamiento de P se hizo al momento de la siembra y a las 10 semanas de ésta, utilizando la secuencia propuesta por Hedley. Las variables de respuesta del experimento fueron el P disponible, biológicamente disponible, orgánico fácilmente mineralizable, inorgánico ligado a óxidos de Fe y Al, orgánico ligado a sustancias húmicas, inorgánico ligado al calcio y no disponible. Los valores más altos en todas las fracciones de P correspondieron a los tratamientos que combinan  un material orgánico y un fertilizante mineral, mejorando la disponibilidad de P para las plantas. El uso de materiales orgánicos con fuentes minerales hizo disminuir la retención de P por parte de óxidos  de Fe y Al, aumentando el P disponible en el suelo yel P total. No se logró modificar la cantidad inicial y la cantidad final de P no disponible, así como tampoco se  encontraron diferencias significativas entre

  10. Homogeneización de materiales compuestos de inclusiones elipsoidales periódicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    H. Hernández Cabanas

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available Los materiales compuestos son de vital importancia para el ser humano desde sus primeros tiempos, en la actualidad el empleo de estos materiales ha proliferado en la industria debido a la presencia de propiedades físicas que no están presentes en ninguno de sus componentes. El hecho de conocer previamente las propiedades de los materiales compuestos es unos de los problemas a los que se enfrenta la ciencia. Los métodos de homogeneización se emplean para calcular las propiedades efectivas de materiales compuestos. En el presente trabajo se plantea la formulación del método de homogeneización asintótica para compuestos tridimensionales y la transformación de los problemas locales a partir de las simetrías presentes en un compuesto de inclusiones elipsoidales periódicas. Se formula la resolución de los problemas locales por el método de elementos finitos utilizando elementos tetraédricos de cuatro nodos en la discretización del problema. Se realizan los cálculos numéricos para la obtención de los coeficientes efectivos en un material de inclusiones elipsoidales periódicas de aluminio embebidas en una matriz. La matriz es a su vez un compuesto del mismo aluminio con inclusiones esféricas de carburo de silicio con distribución cuadrada. Se muestran algunos de los resultados obtenidos para este compuesto variando la fracción volumétrica de aluminio para distintas razones de aspecto de las inclusiones elipsoidales. Se observa que en el caso de constituyentes isotrópicos, con una geometría del compuesto que presente una dirección predominante, el material resultante pierde esta propiedad.

  11. Recruitment of Mcm10 to Sites of Replication Initiation Requires Direct Binding to the Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) Complex*

    Science.gov (United States)

    Douglas, Max E.

    2016-01-01

    Mcm10 is required for the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication and contributes in some unknown way to the activation of the Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase. How Mcm10 is localized to sites of replication initiation is unclear, as current models indicate that direct binding to minichromosome maintenance (MCM) plays a role, but the details and functional importance of this interaction have not been determined. Here, we show that purified Mcm10 can bind both DNA-bound double hexamers and soluble single hexamers of MCM. The binding of Mcm10 to MCM requires the Mcm10 C terminus. Moreover, the binding site for Mcm10 on MCM includes the Mcm2 and Mcm6 subunits and overlaps that for the loading factor Cdt1. Whether Mcm10 recruitment to replication origins depends on CMG helicase assembly has been unclear. We show that Mcm10 recruitment occurs via two modes: low affinity recruitment in the absence of CMG assembly (“G1-like”) and high affinity recruitment when CMG assembly takes place (“S-phase-like”). Mcm10 that cannot bind directly to MCM is defective in both modes of recruitment and is unable to support DNA replication. These findings indicate that Mcm10 is localized to replication initiation sites by directly binding MCM through the Mcm10 C terminus. PMID:26719337

  12. Recruitment of Mcm10 to Sites of Replication Initiation Requires Direct Binding to the Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) Complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Douglas, Max E; Diffley, John F X

    2016-03-11

    Mcm10 is required for the initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication and contributes in some unknown way to the activation of the Cdc45-MCM-GINS (CMG) helicase. How Mcm10 is localized to sites of replication initiation is unclear, as current models indicate that direct binding to minichromosome maintenance (MCM) plays a role, but the details and functional importance of this interaction have not been determined. Here, we show that purified Mcm10 can bind both DNA-bound double hexamers and soluble single hexamers of MCM. The binding of Mcm10 to MCM requires the Mcm10 C terminus. Moreover, the binding site for Mcm10 on MCM includes the Mcm2 and Mcm6 subunits and overlaps that for the loading factor Cdt1. Whether Mcm10 recruitment to replication origins depends on CMG helicase assembly has been unclear. We show that Mcm10 recruitment occurs via two modes: low affinity recruitment in the absence of CMG assembly ("G1-like") and high affinity recruitment when CMG assembly takes place ("S-phase-like"). Mcm10 that cannot bind directly to MCM is defective in both modes of recruitment and is unable to support DNA replication. These findings indicate that Mcm10 is localized to replication initiation sites by directly binding MCM through the Mcm10 C terminus. © 2016 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  13. Cómo aplicar los Niveles de Referencia a la elaboración de materiales didácticos: estudio sobre Pasaporte A1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Navarro Giner, Román M.

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo surge como resultado del estudio de los Niveles de Referencia para el español (Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes, 2007, y del análisis de las múltiples aplicaciones que este ofrece para la elaboración de nuevos materiales didácticos. En primer lugar, trata de resumir los beneficios de los enfoques curriculares en la adquisición de lenguas. A continuación, revisa los intentos de diseñar bases curriculares comunes por parte de las autoridades educativas europeas, haciendo especial énfasis en describir la significancia histórica y metodológica que se dereiva de estas. El cuerpo del artículo se basa en el análisis de los Niveles de Referencia para el español, su formato y divisiones, y en en cómo tanto profesores como autores pueden utlizarlo para elaborar nuevos materiales adaptados al silabus propuesto. Con el fin de asentar una base común para trabajar con el documento, proponemos un modo de citación de los descriptores de nivel sencillo y explícito. Para concluir, sugerimos algunas posibles mejoras en el inventario, ya sea mediante la inclusión de algunos elementos, o a través de la reflexión sobre el orden dado a otros descriptores y, eventualmente, su cambio en aras de una mejor adaptación a las dinámicas y funcionamiento de clase.

  14. MCM Polarimetric Radiometers for Planar Arrays

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kangaslahti, Pekka; Dawson, Douglas; Gaier, Todd

    2007-01-01

    shift). Each of these beams enters the MCM through one of two WR-22 waveguide input terminals in the lid of the MCM. The h + i(nu0 and h - i(nu) signals are amplified, then fed to a phase-discriminator hybrid designed specifically to fit the predominantly planar character of the MCM geometry and to enable determination of Q and U. The phase-discriminator hybrid generates four outputs, which are detected and used to calculate I, Q, and U.

  15. PERCEPCIONES DE ESTUDIANTES DE MÁSTER EN EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA ACERCA DE LOS MATERIALES AUTOCONSTRUIDOS. UNA MIRADA DESDE LA TEORÍA CONSTRUCCIONISTA DE PAPERT

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Méndez-Giménez

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available La evidencia acerca del empleo de materiales autoconstruidos con uso pe - dagógico entre el alumnado de primaria, secundaria y formación inicial del profesorado ha apuntado consecuencias positivas. Sin embargo, hasta la fe - cha, esta investigación no se ha conectado a ningún marco teórico ni dirigido hacia los estudiantes del Máster de Profesorado. El objetivo fundamental de este trabajo fue analizar las creencias y actitudes de un grupo de estudiantes portugueses del máster de enseñanza respecto al uso de los materiales auto - construidos en clase de Educación Física, interpretando los resultados a la luz de la Teoría Construccionista de Papert. Una muestra de 98 estudiantes (59 varones y 39 mujeres cumplimentó un cuestionario ad-hoc antes y después de asistir a un curso de formación centrado en el abordaje de la hibridación de modelos de enseñanza deportiva y material autoconstruido. La valoración de la experiencia resultó positiva y las comparaciones pretest-postest mos - traron mejoras relativas a la contribución de los materiales autoconstruidos para activar al discente, abordar la interdisciplinaridad, su potencialidad en actividades extraescolares y la evaluación. La idea imperante en la perspecti - va construccionista de facultar a los aprendices para que asuman su propio proceso de construcción de conocimiento tomó forma mediante la creación de sus propios móviles e implementos. Los estudiantes del máster declararon haber reforzado la construcción de su conocimiento interior tras generar artefactos en ambientes de aprendizaje social, y haber aumentado su interés y motivación. La experiencia parece despertar actitudes positivas hacia su empleo de cara al ejercicio profesional.

  16. Procedimiento para el cierre de canteras de materiales para construcción en Cuba

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Montero-Matos

    2016-03-01

    Full Text Available Con el propósito de facilitar a los concesionarios de canteras de materiales para la construcción una herramienta metodológica para efectuar el cierre de estas y garantizar una minería sostenible se propuso un procedimiento en seis etapas a partir del diagnóstico realizado en 22 canteras, ubicadas en tres regiones mineras cubanas. El procedimiento busca disminuir los impactos ambientales provocados por la explotación de las canteras y ofrecer a la industria un estándar para lograr uniformidad en la planificación y ejecución del cierre con un costo mínimo.

  17. Crear materiales a medida: una propuesta desde la escritura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Martínez Casas

    2014-09-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como objetivo exponer cómo y por qué usar los textos redactados por alumnos para diseñar actividades didácticas de E/LE. Para ello se esbozarán en primer lugar los principios cognitivos que subyacen al proceso de expresión escrita y que deben contemplarse al diseñar materiales. En segundo lugar se ofrecerán ejemplos prácticos de actividades creadas íntegramente a partir de redacciones de universitarios alemanes para la práctica de competencias lingüísticas (gramática yléxico. Para concluir se indagarán las posibilidades de tratar contenidos comunicativos y culturales en los materiales creados a partir de las redacciones de alumnos.

  18. Aprovechamiento de recursos renovables en la obtención de nuevos materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sandra Liliana Gómez Ayala

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available La producción de plásticos a nivel mundial presenta cifras abrumadoras debido a que tienen aplicaciones en diferentes campos, desde la medicina hasta la industria de empaques. Uno de los problemas radica en que la materia prima para preparar esos plásticos proviene de fuentes fósiles, los principales responsables de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera y después de usar esos materiales se desechan y tardan varios años en descomponerse. Otro problema está enfocado hacia la agricultura e incluye los procesos que generan desechos orgánicos como la industria azucarera y del café, que pueden contaminar el medio ambiente sin tratamiento adecuado. Cada vez cobra más importancia reemplazar los plásticos convencionales por biomateriales cuyos sustratos de partida provengan de fuentes renovables, que sean biodegradables y que puedan tener aplicaciones similares a los materiales convencionales. Por ello, en este artículo se destacan los últimos avances en el área de los materiales a partir de recursos renovables, en especial de los polímeros biobasados, de su biodegradabilidad y sus aplicaciones, para generar curiosidad y propiciar la búsqueda de alternativas de aprovechamiento de las fuentes renovables en la obtención de nuevos biopolímeros.

  19. Contribución al estudio litológico de los materiales empleados en monumentos de Córdoba de distintas épocas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Barrios-Neira, J.

    2003-12-01

    Full Text Available This work studies the different types of construction materials in monuments in Cordova during different eras and cultures. Usual techniques have been used to determine mineralogical, chemical and petrostructural elements, etc. The most used materials are biocalcarenites from the Miocene period. Other materials include Cambrian limestone, Tithonian limestone, marble, granite, slate, bricks, pressed earth, etc. Monuments are cited from Roman and Arabic eras, and from the 8th to the 19th and 20th century.En este trabajo se estudian los diferentes tipos de materiales de construcción en monumentos de Córdoba durante distintas épocas y culturas. Se han utilizado las técnicas habituales para la determinación mineralógica, química , petroestructural, etc. Los materiales más empleados son las biocalcarenitas del Mioceno. También se han empleado calizas cámbricas, calizas del Titónico, mármoles, granitos, esquistos, ladrillos, tierra prensada, etc. Se citan algunos monumentos realizados en las épocas: romana, árabe, s. XIII al XIX y s. XX.

  20. Tendencias para el aprendizaje digital: de los contenidos cerrados al diseño de materiales centrado en las actividades. El Proyecto Dipro 2.0.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julio Cabero Almenara

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El diseño de los contenidos a transmitir en acciones formativas virtuales, ha pasado por diferentes fases influenciadas tanto por la tecnología disponible como por el conocimiento que estábamos adquiriendo sobre la formación digital. En la actualidad, gracias, por una parte al nuevo contexto de formación emanado desde el EEES, y por otra a la contemplación de nuevas teorías sobre el aprendizaje digital, que persiguen poner al estudiante en el centro de la acción formativa, y transformar el rol que tradicionalmente desempeñaba el profesor, se están desarrollando nuevas propuestas de diseño de los materiales para la formación virtual centradas fundamentalmente en las diferentes actividades que deben realizar los estudiantes, y la interacción con diferentes objetos de aprendizaje. En el artículo se analiza una propuesta de diseño de materiales que estamos llevando a cabo en un proyecto de investigación denominado Dipro 2.0.

  1. Características de individuos sometidos a infiltración de materiales extraños con fines estéticos sobre los que se realizó investigación judicial en Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Laura Cala-Uribe

    Full Text Available Introducción y Objetivo: La infiltración de materiales como silicona en los tejidos blandos es una práctica clandestina documentada en varios lugares del mundo; estos materiales buscan mejorar la apariencia estética y se han vuelto populares entre la población en general. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las características de individuos sometidos a infiltración de materiales extraños en tejidos blandos con fines estéticos entre los que se desarrolló una investigación judicial en Bogotá, Colombia. Material y Método: Presentamos una serie de 26 pacientes sometidos a investigación judicial por la Fiscalía General de la Nación en Bogotá, Colombia, por muerte o complicaciones asociadas a estos procedimientos entre 2005 y 2015. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes del grupo de estudio fueron mujeres (62%. El procedimiento realizado con mayor frecuencia fue el aumento de glúteos por un esteticista en clínicas de estética o centros de belleza. Del total de pacientes, el 58% falleció por embolismo pulmonar de silicona; entre los supervivientes, la complicación más frecuente fue la aparición de cicatrices inestéticas. Conclusiones: La infiltración de materiales extraños en tejidos blandos es un procedimiento que reporta complicaciones y alta frecuencia de mortalidad; la mayoría de estos procedimientos se realizan en lugares y con materiales no autorizados, y por personal no capacitado. De ahí la importancia de generar acciones que prevengan este tipo de prácticas.

  2. Elaboración de nuevos materiales de soporte a la docencia en Fisiología Animal

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Se exponen los materiales elaborados para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura “Fisiología Animal”. Estos materiales apoyan las actividades propuestas en la guía docente de la asignatura. Aunque hay disponibles una gran variedad de ellos, la mayoría de las veces presentan una visión muy polarizada de la materia (fisiología humana sin dar el enfoque comparado que necesitamos en nuestra asignatura. Entre los materiales elaborados (apuntes, colecciones de imágenes, presentaciones, animaciones,… destacan los vídeos demostrativos de las sesiones prácticas.

  3. Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production from an MCM-41-immobilized photosensitizer-[Fe-Fe] hydrogenase mimic dyad.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Wen; Yu, Tianjun; Zeng, Yi; Chen, Jinping; Yang, Guoqiang; Li, Yi

    2014-11-01

    A covalently linked photosensitizer-catalytic center dyad Ps-Hy, consisting of two bis(2-phenylpyridine)(2,2'-bipyridine)iridium(iii) chromophores (Ps) and a diiron hydrogenase mimic (Hy) was constructed by using click reaction. Ps-Hy was incorporated into K(+)-exchanged molecular sieve MCM-41 to form a composite (Ps-Hy@MCM-41), which has been successfully applied to the photochemical production of hydrogen. The catalytic activity of Ps-Hy@MCM-41 is ∼3-fold higher as compared with that of Ps-Hy in the absence of MCM-41. The incorporation of Ps-Hy into MCM-41 stabilizes the catalyst, and consequently, advances the photocatalysis. The present study provides a potential strategy for improving catalytic efficiency of artificial photosynthesis systems using mesoporous molecular sieves.

  4. Open-ringed structure of the Cdt1-Mcm2-7 complex as a precursor of the MCM double hexamer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhai, Yuanliang; Cheng, Erchao; Wu, Hao; Li, Ningning; Yung, Philip Yuk Kwong; Gao, Ning; Tye, Bik-Kwoon

    2017-03-01

    The minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM) hexameric complex (Mcm2-7) forms the core of the eukaryotic replicative helicase. During G1 phase, two Cdt1-Mcm2-7 heptamers are loaded onto each replication origin by the origin-recognition complex (ORC) and Cdc6 to form an inactive MCM double hexamer (DH), but the detailed loading mechanism remains unclear. Here we examine the structures of the yeast MCM hexamer and Cdt1-MCM heptamer from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both complexes form left-handed coil structures with a 10-15-Å gap between Mcm5 and Mcm2, and a central channel that is occluded by the C-terminal domain winged-helix motif of Mcm5. Cdt1 wraps around the N-terminal regions of Mcm2, Mcm6 and Mcm4 to stabilize the whole complex. The intrinsic coiled structures of the precursors provide insights into the DH formation, and suggest a spring-action model for the MCM during the initial origin melting and the subsequent DNA unwinding.

  5. Diseño de materiales para el aprendizaje de habilidades jurídicas fundamentales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available Se describe el proceso de generación de materiales cuyo contenido son las denominadas “habilidades jurídicas fundamentales”. Se han elaborado con la herramienta de materiales en línea de la plataforma docente de la Universitat de València, Aula Virtual (http://aulavirtual.uv.es y en la web: www.uv.es/legalskills. Se han utilizado diversas aplicaciones informáticas: eXelearning para empaquetar en formato SCORM, programas de simulación, edición de video… Los videos se han depositado en un servidor streaming en formato flash y mp4. Los materiales pretenden favorecer el aprendizaje autónomo de los estudiantes de Primer Ciclo de la Licenciatura en Derecho y paliar las deficiencias en la adquisición coherente de estas habilidades.

  6. Synthesis, Characterization and Application of the novel, regular mesoporous materials MCM-41 and MCM-48

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schmidt, R

    1995-07-01

    In the application of zeolites to catalytic cracking of heavy oil fractions the need of regular solids with large pore sizes has become very obvious. The scope of this thesis was to synthesize and characterize the novel mesoporous materials MCM-41 and MCM-48 with the major emphasis laid on MCM-41. MCM-41 materials with bulk Si/Al ratios of 4, 9, 18 and {infinity} were synthesized and characterized by XRD and HREM. The catalytic cracking behaviour of Al-containing MCM-41 materials was investigated by pulse reactor studies using decalin as model feed and by Micro Activity Tests using atmospheric residue or n-hexadecane as feed. Aluminium containing MCM-41 was found to be active for the cracking of heavy oil fractions. Purely siliceous MCM-41 materials with pore sizes ranging from 18 Aa to 40 Aa were synthesized and their properties studied by means of NMR spectroscopy. The MCM-48, which is a cubic member of the M41S family with a three dimensional pore system, was studied by means of a combination of X-ray powder diffraction and HREM technique. 210 refs., 76 figs., 9 tabs.

  7. Communications received from Member States regarding the Export of Nuclear Material and of Certain Categories of Equipment and other Material; Comunicaciones Recibidas De Estados Miembros Relativas A La Exportacion De Materiales Nucleares Y De Determinadas Categorias De Equipo Y Otros Materiales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1994-08-15

    The Director General has received letters concerning the export of nuclear material and of certain categories of equipment and other material from the following Resident Representatives to the International Atomic Energy Agency: a letter dated 28 February 1994 from the Resident Representative of France; letters dated 1 March 1994 from the Resident Representatives of Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America; and a letter dated 22 March 1994 from the Resident Representative of Romania [Spanish] El Director General recibio cartas relativas a la exportacion de materiales nucleares y de determinadas categorias de equipo y otros materiales de los siguientes Representantes Permanentes ante el Organismo Internacional de Energia Atomica: una carta fechada el 28 de febrero de 1994 del Representante Permanente de Francia; cartas fechadas el 1 de marzo de 1994 de los Representantes Permanentes de Alemania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Canada, Dinamarca, Espana, Estados Unidos de America, Finlandia, Grecia, Hungria, Irlanda, Japon, Luxemburgo, Noruega, Paises Bajos, Polonia, Portugal, Reino Unido de Gran Bretana e Irlanda del Norte, Republica Checa y Suecia,- una carta fechada el 22 de marzo de 1994 del Representante Permanente de Rumania.

  8. Amino-functionalized MCM-41 and MCM-48 for the removal of chromate and arsenate.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Benhamou, A; Basly, J P; Baudu, M; Derriche, Z; Hamacha, R

    2013-08-15

    The aim of the present work was to investigate the efficiency of three amino-functionalized (hexadecylamine, dodecylamine, and dimethyldodecylamine) mesoporous silicas (MCM-41 and MCM-48) toward the adsorption of arsenate and chromate. Hexadecylamine-functionalized materials were characterized; BET surface areas, pore volumes, and sizes decreased with the functionalization, whereas XRD patterns show that the hexagonal structure of MCM-41 and the cubic structure of MCM-48 were not modified. The zeta potential decreases with pH and the highest arsenate and chromate removal was observed at the lowest pHs. Adsorption of chromium and arsenate was significantly enhanced after functionalization and amino-functionalized MCM-41 adsorb larger amounts of arsenate when compared to expanded MCM-48 materials. Chromate sorption capacities increased with the chain length and the larger capacities were obtained with hexadecylamine-functionalized mesoporous silicas. Mesoporous silicas modified by dimethyldodecylamine exhibited the higher arsenate sorption capacities. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Los diagramas de equilibrio de fases como una herramienta para el diseño y comprensión del comportamiento en servicio de los materiales refractarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    De Aza, A. H.

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available Refractories are complex materials used at high temperature, in severely corrosive atmospheres and in contact with aggressive liquids. The high temperatures imply that such systems tend to equilibrium and this is frequently attained during service; at least local equilibrium is achieved. This allows the basic principles of phase diagrams to be used in this technology. Traditionally, refractories have been designed to be close to equilibrium so that in-service changes were restricted. Currently, additions of raw materials are often made that will react in use, in a controlled manner, to give favorable effects under the service conditions. Equilibrium diagrams are valid not only for determining the thermodynamic tendency but also for predicting the final equilibrium state and to know the way through which the material moves into the final state. In this context equilibrium diagrams become a powerful tool for a better understanding of the behavior of refractrories during service. After a general consideration on the importance of phase equilibrium diagrams in this field, criteria for using equilibrium diagrams, as a tool for improving traditional refractories and/or designing advanced or new refractories, will be given. Pertinent examples in different systems will be discussed. This paper compiles and reviews the last plenary lecture given by Professor Salvador De Aza on the subject.

    La aplicación de los diagramas de equilibrio de fases para diseñar materiales refractarios y también para comprender su comportamiento en servicio, ha sido, a lo largo del tiempo, un tema de controversia en el campo de la cerámica y de los refractarios. Sin embargo, en la tecnología refractaria moderna es posible obtener mezclas homogéneas a través de rutas sofisticadas de procesamiento. Como resultado, las velocidades de reacción son generalmente lo suficientemente altas para alcanzar el equilibrio o cuasi-equilibrio durante la cocción convencional

  10. Gel-like properties of MCM-41 material and its transformation to MCM-50 in a caustic alkaline surround

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saputra, Hens; Othman, Raihan; Sutjipto, A.G.E.; Muhida, R.; Ani, M.H.

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► MCM-41 material transforms gradually into MCM-50 lamellar gel upon controlled exposure to 6 M KOH. ► The formation of MCM-50 ordered gel structure occurs at KOH weight content of 40–70 wt. %. ► MCM gel phase shows pseudoplastic behavior and possesses homogeneous matrix texture. -- Abstract: MCM-41 material, prepared by sol–gel method, reveals gel-like properties in a caustic alkaline environment, i.e., 6 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte. The gellation of MCM-41 starts at a KOH weight ratio of 40 wt.%. The structural change of the material is verified with X-Ray diffractograms and supported by observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). As the KOH weight ratio increases, the MCM-41 hexagonal arrays structure gradually transforms into MCM-50 lamellar structure before disappearing completely at 80 wt.% KOH. The MCM gel phase is further characterized by rotational viscometry and texture analysis. The gel phase shows shear thinning or pseudoplastic behavior and possesses homogeneous matrix structure.

  11. Fabrication of MCM-41 fibers with well-ordered hexagonal mesostructure controlled in acidic and alkaline media

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jafarzadeh, A.; Sohrabnezhad, Sh.; Zanjanchi, M.A.; Arvand, M.

    2016-01-01

    In this paper, synthesis and characterization of two type morphologies of the MCM-41mesoporous material, nano and microfibers, were investigated by electrospinning technique. The synthesis was performed in acidic and alkaline media, separately. The MCM-41 morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption measurement. Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were used as silica and template sources for the synthesis of MCM-41 morphologies, respectively. The SEM results showed that MCM-41 nanofibers were spun in acidic media and microfibers of MCM-41 were produced in alkaline media. The XRD study revealed a long range structural ordering of mesoporous materials. The TEM results indicated rough surfaces with uniform average diameter 200 nm for nanofibers and 2 µm for microfibers. The pore diameter and surface area of calcined MCM-41 nanofibers were 2.2 nm and 970 m 2 /g, respectively. For the MCM-41 microfibers, pore sizes of 2.7 nm and surface areas 420 m 2 /g was measured. - Graphical abstract: Electrospinning method was used for fabricating of MCM-41 microfibers from TEOS in alkaline media (top) and MCM-41 nanofibers in acidic media (bottom). - Highlights: • Synthesis of MCM-41 nanofibers and microfibers by electrospinning technique. • MCM-41 nanofibers were synthesized in acidic media. • MCM-41 manofibers spun in alkaline media. • Electrospinning was a simple method for preparing of fibers with respect to chemical method.

  12. Creación de materiales didácticos orales para la clase de lengua para la traducción

    OpenAIRE

    González Royo, Carmen; Chiapello, Stefania; Martín Sánchez, Teresa; Pascual Escagedo, Consuelo; Puigdevall Balafuy, Núria; Mura, G. Angela; Regagliolo, Alberto

    2016-01-01

    “Creación de materiales didácticos orales para la clase de lengua para la traducción” (3546) es una red que, desde una perspectiva de investigación-acción, investiga la implementación de materiales docentes para los currículos de lengua y traducción en las asignaturas de E/LE e I/LE en los grados de Lenguas Extranjeras y Traducción e Interpretación de la Universidad de Alicante, Università Suor Orsola Benincasa de Nápoles y Università degli Studi di Salerno. A partir de los materiales produci...

  13. Recursos materiales para el desarrollo motor grueso en escolares de 6-9 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Manuel Cenizo Benjumea

    2017-11-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo de la investigación ha sido conocer los recursos materiales de educación física más eficaces para mejorar el desarrollo motor grueso del alumnado de 6 a 9 años, en función de su sexo y edad. La muestra de 982 escolares estuvo dividida en tres grupos experimentales según el tipo de material fungible y un grupo de control. Se empleó el test TGM-2, mediante un pretest y un postest tras una intervención de 14 sesiones. La diferencia de puntuaciones directas en los dos ámbitos (locomotor y control de objetos fue mayor en los grupos experimentales (p-valor<0,05. Dicha diferencia resulta más elevada con el uso de materiales alternativos, seguido de “solo balones” y “no balones” en ambos ciclos educativos y en los dos sexos, excepto para las niñas de segundo ciclo, donde los mejores resultados se producen en el grupo experimental de materiales “solo balones”.

  14. Radiactividad natural de los materiales de construcción. Aplicación al hormigón. Parte II. Radiación interna: el gas radón

    OpenAIRE

    Piedecausa García, Beatriz; Chinchón Payá, Servando; Morales Recio, Miguel Ángel; Sanjuán Barbudo, Miguel Ángel

    2011-01-01

    El presente artículo analiza aspectos relacionados con los tipos de radiactividad natural presentes en el interior de las edificaciones, sus fuentes y sus influencias. Más concretamente, desarrolla el estudio de la radiactividad ambiental en el interior de los espacios construidos debida a la presencia del gas radón, así como sus fuentes de origen y los niveles recomendados. Este es un artículo que se presenta como la segunda parte de un trabajo sobre radiactividad natural en los materiales d...

  15. Nuevos materiales didácticos para descubrir los aspectos más cotidianos de la Electroquímica

    OpenAIRE

    Arán-Ais, Rosa M.; Busó-Rogero, Carlos; Chumillas, Sara; Climent, Víctor; Herrero, Enrique; Aldaz Riera, Antonio; Feliu, Juan M.

    2014-01-01

    A pesar del amplio abanico de aplicaciones que posee la electroquímica, con importantes repercusiones en muchos aspectos de la vida cotidiana, los egresados de química de las universidades españolas poseen en general un notable desconocimiento de esta materia. Con objeto de hacer más atractivo el aprendizaje de esta parte de la química, al tiempo que se revelan algunas de sus aplicaciones menos conocidas, se han preparado nuevos materiales didácticos. En ellos se describen de manera divulgati...

  16. Proyecto técnico preliminar para un laboratorio de materiales de referencia químico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Arango Caraballo

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available En la industria farmacéutica, los materiales de referencia químico son imprescindibles en las actividades de control de la calidad y en los procesos de aseguramiento de las diferentes producciones que se realizan. Estos permiten evaluar las características de las materias primas que intervienen en los procesos productivos y de los medicamentos que resultan de la producción, por lo que establecen la trazabilidad y confiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos. Este estudio presenta los pasos o aspectos técnico económicos necesarios, para el diseño conceptual de un laboratorio de producción de materiales de referencia químicos de trabajo en Cuba. Se describen las principales características de la edificación, las facilidades y equipamiento que debe existir en cada uno de ellos, así como el flujo de personal, materiales, productos y desechos de la producción, según establecen las regulaciones de buenas prácticas de fabricación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS [1], adaptadas a las condiciones de un local existente.

  17. Measurement of the thermal conductivity from construction materials; Medicion de conductividad termica de materiales de construccion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lira Cortes, Leonel; Xaman Villasenor, Jesus P; Chavez Chena, Yvonne [CENIDET: Centro Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo Tecnologico, Cuernavaca, Morelos (Mexico)

    2000-07-01

    In order to improve the calculation of thermal loads that allows to model the thermal behavior of constructions with aims of energy saving, it is necessary to count on the thermophysical properties of the materials used in the construction industry. Nevertheless at present in Mexico do not exist reported data of the materials that are made and used in our country, reason why it is chosen to take the results reported in the literature, whose values in their majority do not correspond to Mexican materials. In order to cover this necessity, at the CENIDET an instrument was developed to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating and construction materials. To date they have come with studies of different materials, which are provided by the manufacturers, with the intention of obtaining real data of thermal conductivity and to apply them with whole confidence in simulations of calculations of thermal loads. In this paper the results of measurement of the apparent thermal conductivity of two different materials from construction are presented, pumice stone block and block of tezontle (a porous volcanic rock).The measurement was made with an absolute and primary instrument according to norm ANSI/ASTM C-177-97. The operation principle of the apparatus is based on the technique of heat transference by conduction in permanent state between two plates, the experiment is carried out using an apparatus of hot plate with guard (APCG). Given the geographic zone where the studied materials are to be used, it is concluded that the obtained results show better properties for both with respect to reported values of similar materials, by virtue that these materials are intended to be applied in a humid climate as it is in the state of Puebla, Mexico. [Spanish] Para mejorar el calculo de cargas termicas que permita modelar el comportamiento termico de edificaciones con fines de ahorro de energia, es necesario contar con las propiedades termofisicas de los materiales utilizados

  18. Experimentación y Laboratorio en la Ingeniería de Materiales

    OpenAIRE

    Martínez Nebot, Laia

    2014-01-01

    El proyecto final de carrera Experimentación y Laboratorio en la Ingeniería de Materiales pretende proponer experimentos en la titulación de ingeniería de materiales. En primer lugar se estudian los planes de estudios y ejercicios que se desarrollan a distintas universidades de España, Europa, Japón y EEUU en ingeniería de materiales. De este modo se comparan con la UPC y surgen algunas nuevas propuestas sobre proyectos y prácticas experimentales para implementar en el nuevo grado de material...

  19. Infiltración de materiales de refuerzo en el comportamiento frente a la oxidación y propiedades mecánicas en materiales compuestos de carbono reforzados con fibra de carbono

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jiménez, J. M.

    2007-08-01

    Full Text Available In the present study, attention was focused on the adaptation of different methods in order to incorporate reinforcement materials just like SiC and B4C to carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix (C/C composites. Hot petroleum pitch impregnation and also at room temperature, and toluene were used as drivers to incorporate reinforcement materials and oxidation inhibitors, just like B2O3, H3BO3 and B4C to (C/C matrix. Hermetic crucibles and graphite have been used in order to obtained carbonization process. Oxidizing atmospheres were used in order to improve the oxidation matrix after the carbonization process. Different methods of infiltration have been evaluated in order to test which of these produce bigger increment on mechanical properties and oxidation protection of the final materials. The different tested materials were studied by means of techniques like scanning electron microscopy (SEM and micro-analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS. Results of flexural test were finally compared.

    El objeto del presente trabajo consiste en adecuar distintos métodos para la incorporación de materiales de refuerzo como el SiC y B4C a materiales compuestos de carbono, reforzados con fibra de carbono. Se utilizaron breas de impregnación de petróleo (en frío y en caliente y tolueno como vehículos para la incorporación de los materiales de refuerzo y materiales inhibidores de oxidación como B2O3, H3BO3 y B4C a las matrices de C/C. Se utilizaron crisoles herméticos con grafito en polvo en su interior para obtener la carbonización de las muestras. Se emplearon atmósferas fuertemente oxidantes para provocar la oxidación y degradación de la matriz compuesta tras el proceso de carbonización. También se evaluaron cuáles de los métodos ensayados producen un mayor incremento de las propiedades mecánicas y protección contra la oxidación de los materiales finales obtenidos. Los distintos materiales ensayados fueron estudiados mediante

  20. Canales de distribución: características principales de los distribuidores mayoristas de materiales de construcción de extracción minera en Barranquilla - Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Candelaria Sierra

    2015-09-01

    Full Text Available El objetivo general del presente artículo de investigación consiste en comprender las principales características de los distribuidores mayoristas que componen los canales de distribución de los materiales de construcción de extracción minera en la ciudad de Barranquilla-Colombia, delimitándolo en las siguientes cuatro dimensiones: la operación logística, el nivel de servicio al cliente, las características de la concentración de poder y los conflictos que se presentan entre sus miembros. Los materiales de construcción son una cadena productiva de importancia en el desarrollo social y económico del país y no hay investigaciones recientes sobre el comportamiento de los canales de distribución del sector en Barranquilla- Colombia. La metodología de investigación que se utilizó fue el método del caso mediante la aplicación de entrevistas dirigidas a funcionarios de los distribuidores mayoristas más representativos de la ciudad de Barranquilla como son la Ferretería Samir, la Ferretería Metrópolis y Granitos de la Costa. Se concluye que los transportadores son las unidades especializadas del canal de distribución, ya que permiten el movimiento del producto desde las canteras. Así mismo la decisión de empacar y de transportar aglomerado por parte de los distribuidores mayoristas ha cambiado la estructura de los canales de distribución. El poder se concentra en los transportadores y en los distribuidores mayoristas y finalmente no se encontraron evidencias de conflictos entre los distribuidores mayoristas.

  1. Materiales de Construcción’ Journal, 2003-2012: a bibliometric analysis

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sorli-Rojo, A.

    2013-12-01

    Full Text Available The aim of the present work was to make a bibliometric analysis of research articles and technical notes published in the journal ‘Materiales de Construcción’ between 2003 and 2012. Authors’ productivity and collaboration, affiliation and nationality of authors, collaboration amongst institutions using techniques of social networks analysis, and the impact factor of the journal were analyzed. The results show high levels in authors’ diversification and collaboration; high number of institutions but a low level of collaboration among them; and a big increase of impact factor during all the period. The main conclusion of this work is that ‘Materiales de Construcción’ has evolved positively since 2003 to 2012, becoming a quality journal in its area.El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis bibliométrico de los artículos y notas técnicas que se han publicado en la revista Materiales de Construcción entre 2003 y 2012. Se analizan la productividad de los autores y el grado de colaboración entre los mismos, las instituciones de los autores y sus países de origen, la colaboración entre las instituciones de autores utilizando técnicas de análisis de redes sociales y el factor de impacto de la revista. Los resultados indican que hay elevados niveles en la diversificación y en la colaboración de autores; un alto número de instituciones pero un escaso grado de colaboración entre las mismas; y un gran incremento en el factor de impacto durante el periodo analizado. La principal conclusión de este trabajo es que Materiales de Construcción ha evolucionado positivamente desde 2003 a 2012, llegando a ser una revista de calidad en su ámbito.

  2. Laboratorio de Suelos y Materiales,Chiriquí

    OpenAIRE

    Ureta, Jorge

    2012-01-01

    En los últimos años, en la Provincia de Chiriquí, se ha incrementado la necesidad de contar con los servicios técnicos y especializados en las áreas de análisis de suelos y de concreto, que certifiquen la calidad de los materiales que son utilizados en proyectos de ingeniería. El 26 de junio de 2009 se firmó la Declaración de Obligatoriedad entre la Sede Regional de Chiriquí y el Centro Experimental de Ingeniería (CEI) de la Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá, dado que el CEI implementa el...

  3. MCM interference during licensing of DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts-Possible Role of a C-terminal region of MCM3.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mimura, Satoru; Kubota, Yumiko; Takisawa, Haruhiko

    2018-01-01

    The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, consisting of six subunits, Mcm2-7, is loaded onto replication origins through loading factors (origin recognition complex [ORC], Cdc6, and Cdt1) and forms an MCM double hexamer that licenses the initiation of DNA replication. Previous studies with Xenopus egg extracts showed that loading factors, especially Cdc6, dissociate from chromatin on MCM loading, but the molecular mechanism and physiological significance remain largely unknown. Using a cell-free system for MCM loading onto plasmid DNA in Xenopus egg extracts, we found that MCM loaded onto DNA prevents DNA binding of the loading factors ORC, Cdc6, and Cdt1. We further report that a peptide of the C-terminal region of MCM3 (MCM3-C), previously implicated in the initial association with ORC/Cdc6 in budding yeast, prevents ORC/Cdc6/Cdt1 binding to DNA in the absence of MCM loading. ATP-γ-S suppresses inhibitory activities of both the MCM loaded onto DNA and the MCM3-C peptide. Other soluble factors in the extract, but neither MCM nor Cdt1, are required for the activity. Conservation of the amino acid sequences of MCM3-C and its activity in vertebrates implies a novel negative autoregulatory mechanism that interferes with MCM loading in the vicinity of licensed origins to ensure proper origin licensing.

  4. A new MCM modification cycle regulates DNA replication initiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wei, Lei; Zhao, Xiaolan

    2016-03-01

    The MCM DNA helicase is a central regulatory target during genome replication. MCM is kept inactive during G1, and it initiates replication after being activated in S phase. During this transition, the only known chemical change to MCM is the gain of multisite phosphorylation that promotes cofactor recruitment. Because replication initiation is intimately linked to multiple biological cues, additional changes to MCM can provide further regulatory points. Here, we describe a yeast MCM SUMOylation cycle that regulates replication. MCM subunits undergo SUMOylation upon loading at origins in G1 before MCM phosphorylation. MCM SUMOylation levels then decline as MCM phosphorylation levels rise, thus suggesting an inhibitory role of MCM SUMOylation during replication. Indeed, increasing MCM SUMOylation impairs replication initiation, partly through promoting the recruitment of a phosphatase that decreases MCM phosphorylation and activation. We propose that MCM SUMOylation counterbalances kinase-based regulation, thus ensuring accurate control of replication initiation.

  5. Multiple domains of fission yeast Cdc19p (MCM2) are required for its association with the core MCM complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sherman, D A; Pasion, S G; Forsburg, S L

    1998-07-01

    The members of the MCM protein family are essential eukaryotic DNA replication factors that form a six-member protein complex. In this study, we use antibodies to four MCM proteins to investigate the structure of and requirements for the formation of fission yeast MCM complexes in vivo, with particular regard to Cdc19p (MCM2). Gel filtration analysis shows that the MCM protein complexes are unstable and can be broken down to subcomplexes. Using coimmunoprecipitation, we find that Mis5p (MCM6) and Cdc21p (MCM4) are tightly associated with one another in a core complex with which Cdc19p loosely associates. Assembly of Cdc19p with the core depends upon Cdc21p. Interestingly, there is no obvious change in Cdc19p-containing MCM complexes through the cell cycle. Using a panel of Cdc19p mutants, we find that multiple domains of Cdc19p are required for MCM binding. These studies indicate that MCM complexes in fission yeast have distinct substructures, which may be relevant for function.

  6. Clinical significance of MCM-2 and MCM-5 expression in colon cancer: association with clinicopathological parameters and tumor proliferative capacity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Giaginis, Constantinos; Georgiadou, Maria; Dimakopoulou, Konstantina; Tsourouflis, Gerasimos; Gatzidou, Elisavet; Kouraklis, Gregorios; Theocharis, Stamatios

    2009-02-01

    Minichromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are essential components of DNA replication, being related to cell proliferation, and serve as useful markers for cancer screening, surveillance, and prognosis. Our aim was to examine the clinical significance of MCM-2 and MCM-5 protein expression in colon cancer and to evaluate the association with various clinicopathological characteristics and tumor proliferative capacity. Immunohistochemical expression of MCM-2 and MCM-5 was performed on paraffin-embedded malignant tissue sections obtained from 96 patients with colon cancer. MCM-2 and MCM-5 expression was correlated with different clinicopathological characteristics, proliferative capacity (Ki-67 labeling index), and p53 cell-cycle regulator expression. MCM-2 and Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with the tumors' histological grade (P = 0.003), existence of nodular metastases (N) (P = 0.003 and P = 0.030, respectively), malignancy on adenoma (P = 0.029 and P = 0.024, respectively), and vascular invasion (P = 0.010 and P = 0.011, respectively). MCM-2 expression was additionally associated with Dukes' stage (P = 0.005). Significant positive relationships were found between the expression of MCM-2 or MCM-5 proteins and that of Ki-67 protein (r = 0.963, P-value characteristics examined. The current data suggest that MCM-2 protein expression is significantly associated with important clinicopathological characteristics for patients' management, being correlated with the cell proliferation state in colon cancer.

  7. La investigación en Ciencia de Materiales en España. Evolución en los últimos 30 años

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Serratosa, José M.

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available The great development experienced by material research in Spain during the last 30 years has been, in great part, a consequence of the initiative of the National Research Council of Spain (CSIC of including Material Science as a priority area in its Scientific Programme in the years 1980. Four new institutes for research in advanced materials were created in 1985-1986 in Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla and Zaragoza , the last two in cooperation with the respective universities. A Scientific Advisory Committee, whose members were scientists of great prestige at the international level, was nominated by the CSIC in order to guarantee a high standard in the research activities of the new centres. Sources for funding material research projects existed at three levels: a the Framework Programme of the European Unión; b the National Programme for Scientific Research and Tchnological development of the Spanish Governement and c the Institutional Research Programme of the CSIC. An important increase of the research activity has taken place during the last 30 years, as indicated by the number of papers published in international journals, Finally, an análiysis of the actual situation of research activities in material research concerning the public sector (universities and research organisms and the industrial sector, is presented.

    El desarrollo de la investigación en Ciencia de Materiales que ha tenido lugar en España durante los últimos 30 años, se ha debido, en gran parte, a la iniciativa del CSIC de incluir la Ciencia de Materiales como área prioritario en su programación científica en los años 1980. El CSIC creó, en 1985-1986, cuatro institutos de Ciencia de Materiales en Barcelona, Madrid, Sevilla y Zaragoza, los dos últimos como centros mixtos Universidad-CSIC. Para el desarrollo de la labor científica de estos centros, el CSIC creó un Comité Científico Asesor formado por científicos de gran prestigio internacional en esta

  8. Equipment to evaluate in experimental form the thermal conductivity of the construction materials; Equipo para evaluar en forma experimental el coeficiente de conductividad termica de los materiales de construccion

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopez C, Raymundo; Morales G, Juan R.; Diaz C, Alen; Lizardi R, Arturo [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Mexico, D. F. (Mexico); Vaca M, Mabel [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2001-04-01

    An equipment meant to obtain the thermal conductivity coefficient was designed, constructed and evaluated. Convection losses in the experimental device were reduced by means of a vacuum chamber that wraps it. Conduction losses were minimized with the proper insulation. The tested materials are the most frequently used in the construction of buildings in Mexico, such as concrete, burnt brick, adobe and gypsum. Results observed are comparable to those reported in the literature. The essays done using the vacuum chamber produced values of thermal conductivity coefficient 3% lower than those obtained without using it. [Spanish] Se diseno, construyo y evaluo un equipo, con el cual se obtiene el coeficiente de conductividad termica en diversos materiales. En este se reducen las perdidas por conveccion, colocando una camara de vacio alrededor del conjunto de prueba. Las perdidas por conduccion se minimizan con un aislamiento adecuado. Los materiales evaluados son los que mas se utilizan en la construccion en Mexico, a saber, el concreto, el ladrillo cocido, el adobe y el yeso. Los valores obtenidos, sin considerar las perdidas por conveccion, se comparan con los de la literatura. Los ensayos utilizando la camara de vacio proporcionan valores del coeficiente de conductividad termica menores en 3% a los obtenidos sin dicha camara.

  9. Influencia de los materiales cementantes suplementarios sobre la cinética de transporte de agua y las propiedades mecánicas de cal hidratada y morteros de cemento

    OpenAIRE

    Ince, C.; Derogar, S.; Michelitsch, T. M.

    2015-01-01

    El objetivo de este artículo es investigar el papel de los materiales cementantes suplementarios (SCMs) en la cinética de transporte del agua y en las propiedades mecánicas de los morteros de cal hidratada (CL90) y cemento Portland. Las propiedades de la cal hidratada son significativamente diferentes a las del cemento y por lo tanto el control de las propiedades de los morteros frescos y endurecidos es fundamental en la optimización mortero/substrato en albañilería. Los parámetros estudiados...

  10. Empleo de residuos industriales siderúrgicos como materiales aglomerantes en construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Mymrin, V. A.

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available Several ferrous and non ferrous metallurgical wastes, slags, powdered wastes, alcaline liquors, etc., can be used as binding materials to produce new building materials. These materials can be used in place of concretes made of cement, crushed stones, sand and gravel mixtures in several applications, road, industrial and airport foundations, etc. They are leaching resistant, so heavy metals do not migrate to the environment. These new materials, with a new structure, are obtained by mixing in right proportion of two or three industrial wastes or with mixtures of two of them and natural soils without any addition of traditional binders like cement and without heating. The main advantages are the solution of the problem of disposal of industrial wastes and the lower cost of the new materials, 5 to 6 times cheaper than traditional. Several examples of roads existing in Russia, even in Siberia and other northern regions, demonstrate the benefit of this process because after 20 years they still offer a good performance.

    Como materiales aglomerantes, se pueden utilizar diferentes tipos de residuos, tales como escorias, residuos sólidos y líquidos alcalinos procedentes de la industria siderúrgica, así como otras escorias procedentes de los sectores no férreos. Su empleo como nuevos materiales, tales como hormigones pobres, destinados a aplicaciones tales como bases de carreteras, aeropuertos, suelos industriales y presas en sustitución de piedra triturada, arena y grava. Todos estos residuos industriales, perjudiciales para el medio ambiente desde el punto de vista ecológico, se pueden transformar en nuevos materiales estables en los que no ocurre la lixiviación de los materiales pesados que contienen. Los nuevos materiales resultan de la combinación, con la dosificación adecuada, de dos o tres de los residuos industriales mencionados o de la mezcla de algunos con suelos naturales. En la producción de estos nuevos materiales que

  11. The investigation of MCM-48-type and MCM-41-type mesoporous silica as oral solid dispersion carriers for water insoluble cilostazol.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wang, Yanzhu; Sun, Lizhang; Jiang, Tongying; Zhang, Jinghai; Zhang, Chen; Sun, Changshan; Deng, Yihui; Sun, Jin; Wang, Siling

    2014-06-01

    To explore the suitable application of MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter number forty-one)-type and MCM-48-type mesoporous silica in the oral water insoluble drug delivery system. Cilostazol (CLT) as a model drug was loaded into synthesized MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter number forty-eight) and commercial MCM-41 by three common methods. The obtained MCM-41, MCM-48 and CLT-loaded samples were characterized by means of nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffractometer. It was found that solvent evaporation method was preferred according to the drug loading efficiency and the maximum percent cumulative drug dissolution. MCM-48 with 3D cubic pore structure and MCM-41 with 2D long tubular structure are nearly spherical particles in 300-500 nm. Nevertheless, the silica carriers with similar large specific surface areas and concentrating pore size distributions (978.66 m(2)/g, 3.8 nm for MCM-41 and 1108.04 m(2)/g, 3.6 nm for MCM-48) exhibited different adsorption behaviors for CLT. The maximum percent cumulative drug release of the two CLT/silica solid dispersion (CLT-MCM-48 and CLT-MCM-41) was 63.41% and 85.78% within 60 min, respectively; while in the subsequent 12 h release experiment, almost 100% cumulative drug release were both obtained. In the pharmacokinetics aspect, the maximum plasma concentrations of CLT-MCM-48 reached 3.63 mg/L by 0.92 h. The AUC0-∞ values of the CLT-MCM-41 and CLT-MCM-48 were 1.14-fold and 1.73-fold, respectively, compared with the commercial preparation. Our findings suggest that MCM-41-type and MCM-48-type mesoporous silica have great promise as solid dispersion carriers for sustained and immediate release separately.

  12. Hidrólise de celulose por catalisadores mesoestruturados NiO-MCM-41 e MoO3-MCM-41

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriano Sant'Ana Silva

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available This study was carried out to synthesize, characterize and evaluate the application of mesoestruturated catalysts MCM-41, 5%MoO3-MCM-41 and 5%NiO-MCM-41 in the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. XRD results indicate that the phase of mesoporous MCM-41 was obtained and that the introduction of metal oxides did not affect this mesoporous phase. About the heterogeneous hydrolysis reaction, it was observed that the increase in temperature results in a higher concentration of glucose and the catalyst 5%MoO3-MCM-41 provides the highest concentrations of glucose.

  13. Radioactividad natural en materiales de construcción

    OpenAIRE

    Isalgue, A.; Cusido, J. A.; Fernández, A.; Baró, J.

    1985-01-01

    Some materials usually employed in building edification have been analyzed for their radioactive contents. The specific activities of all the gamma rays emisors present in fourteen differents samples have been determined. In all the cases, only low activities (under 2 Bq/g) have been found for these samples collected from the surroundings of Barcelona.

    Los radioisótopos contenidos en los materiales habitualmente empleados en construcción son analizados con espectrometría ga...

  14. El uso de materiales curriculares impresos en la Educación Física de la ESO en la Comunidad Valenciana

    OpenAIRE

    Molina Alventosa, Joan Pere

    2015-01-01

    Los materiales curriculares son instrumentos u objetos que se utilizan en el contexto escolar como mediadores del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Dentro de este grupo de materiales están los impresos. Es decir, aquellos que hacen referencia a textos, representaciones o adaptaciones de textos en combinación con iconos o imágenes. La importancia de este tipo de materiales es destacable y se refleja en la preocupación que despiertan entre el profesorado y las instituciones educativas, conscien...

  15. Introducción a los Materiales de Construcción: Revisión de experiencia previa y nuevas propuestas metodológicas

    OpenAIRE

    Chinchón Yepes, Servando; Prado Govea, Raúl Hugo; Chinchón Payá, Servando; Piedecausa García, Beatriz

    2015-01-01

    El Curso Académico 2010-2011 comenzaron los estudios de Grado de Ingeniería de la Edificación en la Universidad de Alicante. Cuatro años después, la Titulación ha retomado de nuevo el nombre de Grado en Arquitectura Técnica sin que haya habido modificación en las enseñanzas. Después de solo cuatro años, la asignatura de Introducción a los Materiales de Construcción no presenta un recorrido tan extenso como para hacer una evaluación exhaustiva. Pero sí lo suficiente como para revisar algunos t...

  16. Modelo de cuantificación de las emisiones de CO2 producidas en edificación derivadas de los recursos materiales consumidos en su ejecución

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olivares, M.

    2012-09-01

    Full Text Available Research in this paper focuses on the generation of a model to quantify CO2 emissions in the implementation of a typical building block for affordable residential housing, derived from the manufacturing process of the materials used in its construction. The identification and quantification of building materials consumed, will reveal the environmental impact of producing the type defined by one of the indicators most relevant environmental impact associated with weight per m2 of construction, such as CO2 emissions resulting from manufacturing process of the construction materials used in its implementation. Its practical application to a set of ten projects located in Seville implementation, will provide conclusive data on the quantification of CO2 emissions in its implementation by identifying the greatest environmental impact.La investigación realizada en el presente trabajo plantea la generación de un modelo de cuantificación de las emisiones de CO2 producidas en la ejecución del modelo constructivo habitual definido como el bloque residencial destinado a viviendas de protección oficial, derivadas del proceso de fabricación de los recursos materiales empleados en su ejecución. La identificación y cuantificación de los materiales de construcción consumidos, permitirá conocer el impacto medioambiental que produce la tipología definida, a través de uno de los indicadores de impacto ambiental más relevantes asociados al peso por m2 de construcción, como son las emisiones de CO2 derivadas del proceso de fabricación de los materiales de construcción empleados en su ejecución. Su aplicación práctica a un conjunto de diez proyectos de ejecución ubicados en Sevilla, proporcionará datos concluyentes sobre la cuantificación de las emisiones de CO2 producidas en su ejecución, identificando los de mayor impacto ambiental.

  17. Novedoso método para preparar materiales nanoporosos compuestos MFI/MCM-41 a partir de caolín venezolano. Efecto de la concentración de NaOH

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Freddy Imbert

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available A MFI/MCM-41 composite material, a zeolite type MFI and Al-MCM-41 were synthesized from kaolin, using TPA and CTAB as structure directing agents. The MFI/MCM-41 composite material was synthesized in two steps. In the first, MFI was obtained and then treated with solutions of different NaOH concentrations (1 – 4M, in the second step the reaction mixture was treated under MCM-41 synthesis conditions. The solids obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, chemical analysis by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, adsorption of N2 at 77K, X-ray diffraction (XRD. In the absence of alkaline treatment two phases were observed – zeolite and mesoporous, whereas the zeolite crystals were larger than mesoporous particles. The alkaline treatment dissolved the zeolite structure creating mesoporosity, modifying the characteristic zeolite morphology and reducing its crystal domains. The treatment with 2 or 3M NaOH eases zeolite dissolution and leads to assemble of the zeolite building units around the surfactant and into the mesoporous walls. The incorporation of the zeolite building units into the mesoporous walls is governed by the relative quantities of crystalline and amorphous materials in the synthesis gel. The treatment with 4M NaOH led exclusively to the formation of Al-MCM-41.

  18. Relaciones microestructura-comportamiento mecánico en materiales de alúmina-hexaluminato cálcico

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sánchez-Herencia, A. J.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available The grain growth behaviour of dense alumina materials has been modified by the addition of calcium hexaluminate particles. Maximum dispersion has been obtained by colloidal processing routes. The influence of sintering temperature (1500-1600 °C on the size and shape of the alumina grains has been established. The mechanical behaviour of three composite materials with the same composition (≈10 vol % CA6 and large microstructural differences has been studied in comparison with that of monophasic alumina of the same grain size. The influence of grain size and shape on toughness has been established. R-curve behaviour has been detected during fracture of the material with the alumina grains presenting the largest shape factor.

    Se ha modificado el hábito de crecimiento de grano en materiales densos de alúmina mediante la adición de hexaluminato calcico (CA6. Con objeto de obtener una óptima dispersión de la segunda fase, se han utilizado rutas coloidales de procesamiento. Se ha estudiado la influencia de la temperatura de sinterización (1.500-1.600 °C en la morfología y el tamaño de los granos de los materiales obtenidos. Los tres materiales compuestos, con la misma composición (≈10 % vol CA6 y características microestructurales claramente diferenciadas, se han caracterizado mecánicamente y se ha comparado su comportamiento con el de materiales de alúmina con tamaños de grano equivalentes. Se ha establecido la influencia de la morfología y el tamaño de grano en los valores de la tenacidad de los materiales compuestos. Durante la fractura del material con granos de alúmina que presentaban un mayor factor de forma, se ha identificado y comprobado un comportamiento del tipo curva R.

  19. Archaeal MCM Proteins as an Analog for the Eukaryotic Mcm2–7 Helicase to Reveal Essential Features of Structure and Function

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miller, Justin M.; Enemark, Eric J.

    2015-01-01

    In eukaryotes, the replicative helicase is the large multisubunit CMG complex consisting of the Mcm2–7 hexameric ring, Cdc45, and the tetrameric GINS complex. The Mcm2–7 ring assembles from six different, related proteins and forms the core of this complex. In archaea, a homologous MCM hexameric ring functions as the replicative helicase at the replication fork. Archaeal MCM proteins form thermostable homohexamers, facilitating their use as models of the eukaryotic Mcm2–7 helicase. Here we review archaeal MCM helicase structure and function and how the archaeal findings relate to the eukaryotic Mcm2–7 ring. PMID:26539061

  20. Banco de ensayos para materiales piezoeléctricos en aplicaciones viales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    de Frutos, J.

    2011-04-01

    Full Text Available The test bench system described in this paper performs experiments on piezoelectric materials used in road traffic applications, covering a range between 14 and 170 km/h, which is considered enough for testing under standard traffic conditions. A software has been developed to control the three phase induction motor driver and to acquire all the measurement data of the piezoelectric materials. The mass over each system’s axis can be selected, with a limit of 60 kg over each wheel. The test bench is used to simulate the real behaviour of buried piezoelectric cables in road traffic applications for both light and heavy vehicles. This new test bed system is a powerful research tool and can be applied to determine the optimal installation and configuration of the piezoelectric cable sensors and opens a new field of research: the study of energy harvesting techniques based on piezoelectric materials.

    En este trabajo se define y propone un banco de ensayos que permite testar materiales piezoeléctricos para aplicaciones viales en sus diferentes configuraciones en un rango de velocidad entre los 14 y los 170 km/h, lo que cubre sobradamente las condiciones de tráfico real. Tanto el control del variador de velocidad del motor trifásico que realiza el accionamiento del banco, como la recogida de resultados de medida en las pruebas de excitación y de fatiga de los compuestos piezoeléctricos, se realiza de forma automatizada mediante código informatico. El peso que soporta cada eje del banco es configurable, permitiendo reproducir las señales obtenidas en aplicaciones donde los materiales piezoeléctricos actúan de sensores enterrados en la calzada para vehículos tanto pesados como ligeros. Gracias a esta nueva herramienta se facilita la investigación con materiales de este tipo en aplicaciones viales optimizando tanto el tipo como la disposición e instalación de los mismos, además de abrir el camino a la novedosa investigación sobre

  1. Estudio de dos materiales volcánicos y efecto del tipo de molienda en su reactividad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Diana M Burgos

    2014-08-01

    Full Text Available En este estudio se presenta la caracterización y evaluación de la actividad puzolánica de dos materiales volcánicos procedentes de dos depósitos volcánicos Colombianos (Volcán Puracé y Nevado del Tolima. Estos materiales fueron analizados mediante diversas técnicas de caracterización, la aptitud de los materiales volcánicos como puzolanas y el efecto de la molienda en su reactividad, se evaluó por medio del índice de Actividad Puzolánica (iaP, ensayo de Frattini. Los resultados indican que el MVP presenta un iaP de 77,51% y se ubica en la zona reactiva de la curva de Frattini, características que permiten clasificar este material como una puzolana natural. En cuanto al MVT los resultados indicaron que químicamente no reaccionó, pero generó un índice de resistencia de 92,36% respecto a la muestra patrón, características de un material inerte que por efecto filler permite el desarrollo de resistencias mecánicas. Por otra parte, también se evidenció que no existe un efecto significativo del proceso de molienda en la reactividad de estos materiales.

  2. Influencia de los materiales plásticos sobre las características de los engobes. I Tipo de material arcilloso

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Moreno, A.

    2000-10-01

    Full Text Available One of the major ceramic engobe constituents is the clayey material. This material contributes suitable properties to the engobe suspension for correct application and yields an unfired layer with adequate mechanical strength and bonding to the body. A series of tests was conducted in the present study to determine how the type and proportion of clayey material affected engobe suspension properties (rheological behaviour and resulting unfired engobe layer properties (compactness, bonding and surface drying time. The tested clayey materials were of the type normally used for engobe preparation: white clay, kaolin and bentonite. It was found that all the studied engobe characteristics varied considerably on modifying the type of clayey material. The arising variations were shown to be due to changes in engobe plasticity and unfired layer packing on changing the type of clayey material.

    Uno de los componentes principales de los engobes cerámicos es el material arcilloso, el cual confiere las propiedades adecuadas para llevar a cabo la correcta aplicación de la suspensión de engobe y permitir la obtención de una capa cruda con la apropiada resistencia mecánica y adherencia al soporte. En el presente trabajo se han realizado una serie de ensayos con el objeto de determinar cómo afecta el tipo y porcentaje de material arcilloso a las propiedades de las suspensiones de engobe (comportamiento reológico y de las capas crudas obtenidas a partir de ellas (compacidad, adherencia y tiempo de secado superficial. Los materiales arcillosos ensayados han sido los utilizados habitualmente en la preparación de los engobes: arcilla blanca, caolín y bentonita. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos permite concluir que todas las características del engobe tenidas en cuenta varían considerablemente al modificar el tipo de material arcilloso. Se ha podido comprobar que dichas variaciones son debidas a cambios en el empaquetamiento de la capa cruda

  3. Replication protein A in nonearly ovarian adenocarcinomas: correlation with MCM-2, MCM-5, Ki-67 index and prognostic significance.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Levidou, Georgia; Ventouri, Kiriaki; Nonni, Afroditi; Gakiopoulou, Hariklia; Bamias, Aristotle; Sotiropoulou, Maria; Papaspirou, Irene; Dimopoulos, Meletios A; Patsouris, Efstratios; Korkolopoulou, Penelope

    2012-07-01

    Replication protein A (RPA) is an ssDNA-binding protein required for the initiation of DNA replication and the stabilization of ssDNA. Collaboration with several molecules, that is, the MCM2-7 complex, has been suggested to be imperative for its multifaceted role. In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical expression of the RPA2 subunit in correlation with the MCM-2 and MCM-5 and Ki67 index, and assessed its prognostic significance in 76 patients with nonearly ovarian adenocarcinomas, the majority of whom had a serous histotype. RPA2 protein expression was observed in all cases, whereas the staining intensity varied from weak to strong. RPA2 expression was correlated with the tumor stage in the entire cohort and in serous tumors (P=0.0053 in both relationships). Moreover, RPA2 immunoexpression was positively correlated with MCM-2 (P=0.0001) and MCM-5 (P0.10). In multivariate survival analysis, RPA2 expression emerged as an independent predictor of adverse outcome (PMCM-2 and MCM-5 expression and when analysis was restricted to serous carcinomas (P=0.004). Our results further support the interrelation of RPA2 protein with MCM-2 and MCM-5 in OCs. Moreover, RPA2 protein may play an important role in ovarian tumorigenesis, and may serve as a useful independent molecular marker for stratifying patients with OC in terms of prognosis.

  4. Cdt1 stabilizes an open MCM ring for helicase loading.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Frigola, Jordi; He, Jun; Kinkelin, Kerstin; Pye, Valerie E; Renault, Ludovic; Douglas, Max E; Remus, Dirk; Cherepanov, Peter; Costa, Alessandro; Diffley, John F X

    2017-06-23

    ORC, Cdc6 and Cdt1 act together to load hexameric MCM, the motor of the eukaryotic replicative helicase, into double hexamers at replication origins. Here we show that Cdt1 interacts with MCM subunits Mcm2, 4 and 6, which both destabilizes the Mcm2-5 interface and inhibits MCM ATPase activity. Using X-ray crystallography, we show that Cdt1 contains two winged-helix domains in the C-terminal half of the protein and a catalytically inactive dioxygenase-related N-terminal domain, which is important for MCM loading, but not for subsequent replication. We used these structures together with single-particle electron microscopy to generate three-dimensional models of MCM complexes. These show that Cdt1 stabilizes MCM in a left-handed spiral open at the Mcm2-5 gate. We propose that Cdt1 acts as a brace, holding MCM open for DNA entry and bound to ATP until ORC-Cdc6 triggers ATP hydrolysis by MCM, promoting both Cdt1 ejection and MCM ring closure.

  5. DESARROLLO DE COMPETENCIAS EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DEL LABORATORIO DE MATERIALES DEL PROGRAMA DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA EN EL NÚCLEO LUZ-COL.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Raysa Balza

    2012-11-01

    Full Text Available Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias que contribuyen al desarrollo de competencias en los estudiantes del laboratorio de Materiales en el Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica Núcleo LUZ-COL. La investigación se catalogó como descriptiva, con un diseño de campo, no experimental, transeccional (Hernández y col., 2003. La población estuvo integrada or seis (6 docentes y 365 estudiantes. Seleccionando una muestra de 191 estudiantes, los otros elementos de la población fueron considerados en su totalidad. Se utilizaron como instrumentos una guía de observación y la entrevista estructurada. Evidenciando que el laboratorio presenta debilidades tanto en los aspectos infraestructurales como académicos; las estrategias utilizadas contribuyen medianamente a la formación de competencias en los estudiantes a través de un aprendizaje cooperativo. Asimismo, los equipos utilizados no cumplen con los aspectos tecnológicos y didácticos para el desarrollo de las prácticas.

  6. Optical properties of (nanometer MCM-41)-(malachite green) composite materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li Xiaodong; Zhai Qingzhou; Zou Mingqiang

    2010-01-01

    Nanosized materials loaded with organic dyes are of interest with respect to novel optical applications. The optical properties of malachite green (MG) in MCM-41 are considerably influenced by the limited nanoporous channels of nanometer MCM-41. Nanometer MCM-41 was synthesized by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the source of silica and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) as the template. The liquid-phase grafting method has been employed for incorporation of the malachite green molecules into the channels of nanometer MCM-41. A comparative study has been carried out on the adsorption of the malachite green into modified MCM-41 and unmodified MCM-41. The modified MCM-41 was synthesized using a silylation reagent, trimethychlorosilane (TMSCl), which functionalized the surface of nanometer MCM-41 for proper host-guest interaction. The prepared (nanometer MCM-41)-MG samples have been studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique at 77 K, Raman spectra and luminescence studies. In the prepared (nanometer MCM-41)-MG composite materials, the frameworks of the host molecular sieve were kept intact and the MG located inside the pores of MCM-41. Compared with the MG, it is found that the prepared composite materials perform a considerable luminescence. The excitation and emission spectra of MG in both modified MCM-41 and unmodified MCM-41 were examined to explore the structural effects on the optical properties of MG. The results of luminescence spectra indicated that the MG molecules existed in monomer form within MCM-41. However, the luminescent intensity of MG incorporated in the modified MCM-41 are higher than that of MG encapsulated in unmodified MCM-41, which may be due to the anchored methyl groups on the channels of the nanometer MCM-41 and the strong host-guest interactions. The steric effect from the pore size of the host materials is significant. Raman

  7. Mcm2 phosphorylation and the response to replicative stress

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Stead Brent E

    2012-05-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The replicative helicase in eukaryotic cells is comprised of minichromosome maintenance (Mcm proteins 2 through 7 (Mcm2-7 and is a key target for regulation of cell proliferation. In addition, it is regulated in response to replicative stress. One of the protein kinases that targets Mcm2-7 is the Dbf4-dependent kinase Cdc7 (DDK. In a previous study, we showed that alanine mutations of the DDK phosphorylation sites at S164 and S170 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mcm2 result in sensitivity to caffeine and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS leading us to suggest that DDK phosphorylation of Mcm2 is required in response to replicative stress. Results We show here that a strain with the mcm2 allele lacking DDK phosphorylation sites (mcm2AA is also sensitive to the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, hydroxyurea (HU and to the base analogue 5-fluorouracil (5-FU but not the radiomimetic drug, phleomycin. We screened the budding yeast non-essential deletion collection for synthetic lethal interactions with mcm2AA and isolated deletions that include genes involved in the control of genome integrity and oxidative stress. In addition, the spontaneous mutation rate, as measured by mutations in CAN1, was increased in the mcm2AA strain compared to wild type, whereas with a phosphomimetic allele (mcm2EE the mutation rate was decreased. These results led to the idea that the mcm2AA strain is unable to respond properly to DNA damage. We examined this by screening the deletion collection for suppressors of the caffeine sensitivity of mcm2AA. Deletions that decrease spontaneous DNA damage, increase homologous recombination or slow replication forks were isolated. Many of the suppressors of caffeine sensitivity suppressed other phenotypes of mcm2AA including sensitivity to genotoxic drugs, the increased frequency of cells with RPA foci and the increased mutation rate. Conclusions Together these observations point to a role for DDK-mediated phosphorylation

  8. Desarrollo de materiales poliméricos nanocompuestos para aplicaciones eléctricas y electrónicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruno Chinè

    2007-05-01

    Full Text Available Se reportan algunos resultados y procedimientos experimentales de laboratorio obtenidos en el marco de investigaciones desarrolladas para la obtención de nuevos materiales compuestosnanoestructurados. Estos nuevos materiales, formados por una fase orgánica el polímero y una fase inorgánica el silicato, están siendo fuertemente investigados en la actualidad pues se espera que puedan brindar, entre otras, mejores propiedades de aislamiento eléctrico y de retardo a la flama en aplicaciones eléctricas y electrónicas. El trabajo experimental de laboratorio ha sido desarrollado a partir de dos familias de polímeros, los termoplásticos y los termoestables y de las arcillas que proporcionan los silicatos de tipo lamelar. Se cuenta ya con algunos resultados preliminares, como son la obtención de películas delgadas de estos materiales nanocompuestos, su completa caracterización mediante difractometría de rayos X, microscopía de barrido y análisistermogravimétrico, que hacen bien esperar para futuras actividades de investigación.

  9. Study on thermal, mechanical and adsorption properties of amine-functionalized MCM-41/PMMA and MCM-41/PS nanocomposites prepared by ultrasonic irradiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mohammadnezhad, Gholamhossein; Abad, Saeed; Soltani, Roozbeh; Dinari, Mohammad

    2017-11-01

    In this study, two common industrial polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS), were incorporated into amine-functionalized MCM-41 mesoporous silica as reinforcement agents via an ultrasonic assisted method as a facile, fast, eco-friendly, and versatile synthetic tool. Amino functionalization of MCM-41 were performed by 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane as a coupling agent and it is denoted as APTS-MCM-41. The obtained nanocomposites (NCs), APTS-MCM-41/PMMA and APTS-MCM-41/PS, were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM and TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Their mechanical properties were also probed via stress-strain curves and improved tensile properties were observed in the NCs relative to the neat polymers. Additionally, APTS-MCM-41/PMMA exhibited better mechanical properties than APTS-MCM-41/PS. Sorption studies were carried out on the two NCs and the effect of different process parameters, namely, pH, contact time, and initial Cd(II) concentration investigated in batch mode. Pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models explain the Cd(II) kinetics more effectively for APTS-MCM-41/PMMA and APTS-MCM-41/PS, respectively. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir isotherm for both NCs and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 24.75mg/g and 10.42mg/g for APTS-MCM-41/PMMA and APTS-MCM-41/PS, respectively. The results demonstrate that the NCs show potential for use in adsorption of heavy metal ion such as Cd(II) from aqueous media. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. LA ENSEÑANZA UNIVERSITARIA DE LA FÍSICA: LOS OBJETOS MATERIALES Y LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE SIGNIFICADOS CIENTIFICOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Thamara J. Fagúndez Zambrano

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available La investigación indaga las acciones de docentes experimentados a partir del estudio de sus explicaciones en clases de física. El contexto es la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Carabobo, Venezuela. La aproximación metodológica es cualitativa. Es un estudio descriptivo-interpretativo de casos. Considerando el carácter social, retórico y argumentativo de las clases de ciencias, seleccionamos el referente teórico aportado por Perelman y Olbrechts-Tyteca (1989. El carácter social, didáctico, semiótico y comunicativo de las clases de ciencias se analiza tomando como referente teórico el aportado por Ogborn, Kress, Martins & McGillicuddy (1996. Incorporamos aportes de la investigación sobre la multimodalidad en la enseñanza de las ciencias (Lemke, 2002, 1999, 1998, 1997; Jewitt, Kress, Ogborn, Tsatsarelis, 2000; Kress, Ogborn, Jewitt y Tsatsarelis, 2001; Kress, Ogborn y Martins, 1998 para analizar los aspectos multimodales de las explicaciones. Los análisis y resultados destacan la contribución del uso de demostraciones y objetos materiales en relación a la construcción de significados y al convencimiento de los alumnos.

  11. Las escorias de la central térmica GICC ELCOGAS como materia prima para la síntesis de materiales vitrocerámicos. Parte 2: Síntesis y caracterización de los materiales vitrocerámicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Aineto, M.

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available There are here reported the result of the second phase of the investigation on the melting behavior of the slag and the process followed to synthesize glass-ceramic materials using this slag as raw component. Starting from a vitrifying mixture based on slag, glass cullet and precipitated calcium carbonate coming from sugar refining, we have obtained the parent glass named ECSCP, which exhibit a surface tendency of crystallization. Pressed specimens of 40 mm diameter and 7 mm height were conformed with the powdered ECSCP glass. The specimens were heat treated for crystalline phases development at temperatures between 800 and 1100ºC during time intervals from 5 to 60 minutes. A series of wollastonite-anorthite-gehlenite glass-ceramics has been synthesized of different characteristics depending on the time and temperature of devitrification.

    Se expone en este trabajo la segunda parte de los resultados de la investigación sobre el comportamiento en fusión de las escorias y el proceso seguido para la obtención de materiales vitrocerámicos utilizando estas escorias como materia prima. A partir de una mezcla vitrificable basada en escorias, casco de vidrio y carbonato cálcico precipitado de azucarera, se ha obtenido por fusión a 1450ºC un vidrio (ECSCP que presenta un mecanismo de cristalización superficial. Con el vidrio pulverizado se conformaron probetas cilíndricas de 40 mm de diámetro y 7 mm de altura aproximada, que fueron posteriormente sometidas a los tratamientos térmicos de desvitrificación a temperaturas entre 800 y 1100ºC, y tiempos de tratamiento entre 5 y 60 minutos, obteniéndose una serie de materiales vitrocerámicos de wollastonita-anortitagehlenita. Estos materiales han sido caracterizados y analizadas sus propiedades en función del tiempo y las temperaturas de desvitrificación.

  12. Desarrollo de materiales laminares porosos para la preparación de membranas híbridas

    OpenAIRE

    Gorgojo Alonso, Patricia; Coronas Ceresuela, Joaquín; Téllez Ariso, Carlos

    2011-01-01

    Esta tesis doctoral con título "Desarrollo de materiales laminares porosos para la preparación de membranas híbridas" se realizó en el Grupo de Catálisis, Separaciones Moleculares e Ingeniería de Reactores (CREG) del departamento de Ingeniería Química y Tecnologías del Medio Ambiente de la Universidad de Zaragoza. Los materiales híbridos orgánico-inorgánicos se clasifican en aquéllos donde la interacción entre los componentes orgánico e inorgánico se limita a enlaces débiles (iónico, puentes...

  13. Dehidroisomerización de n-butano sobre catalizadores bifuncionales tipo Al-MCM-41 y Ga-MCM-41 impregnados con Pt o Ga

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Dino Brisigotti

    2006-05-01

    Full Text Available A series of bi-functional catalysts was prepared by using Al-MCM-41 and Ga-MCM-41 with Si/Me ratios of 15 and 50 impregnated with 0,5 Wt% of Pt or Ga. The n-butane dehydroisomerization was studied at 773 K. Catalysts based on Pt/Al-MCM-41 were less selective (more hydrogenolyzing than those based on Ga-MCM-41. For the latter, Ga species segregated to extra-framework positions might exercise a kind of geometric effect on the Pt clusters inhibiting hydrogenolysis. The catalyst Ga/Al-MCM-41 showed the closest approach to the ideal dehydroisomerization catalyst.

  14. Efecto magnetocalórico en materiales con transiciones de fase de segundo orden: Optimización de la capacidad de refrigeración

    OpenAIRE

    Caballero Flores, Rafael

    2011-01-01

    La tesis presenta un estudio del efecto magnetocalórico en materiales con transiciones de fase de segundo orden. Se centra esencialmente en la dependencia con el campo magnético aplicado de la variables termodinámicas relevantes del proceso, estudio de aleaciones basadas en hierro para minimizar los costos de los materiales refrigerantes, y fabricación de composites para minimizar los valores de las intensidades del campo requeridas en el proceso de refrigeración.

  15. Recubrimientos de materiales compuestos CNF/cerámica y CNF/metal mediante proyección térmica por plasma atmosférico

    OpenAIRE

    Vidal, David R. (David Rodríguez Vidal)

    2017-01-01

    Una máxima que se plantea en la sociedad actual es la consecución de una mayor eficiencia en los procesos industriales, reduciendo factores como el peso, mejorando la respuesta con los ciclos de los materiales y sobretodo y, ante todo, dando el máximo de funcionalidad y fiabilidad a los sistemas. Cuando esta premisa se traslada a equipos que trabajan a altas temperaturas como turbinas o la conducción eléctrica en altos hornos, es necesario plantearse el estudio de nuevos materiales para ...

  16. Preparación y caracterización de materiales de oxicarburo de silicio mixtos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rubio, J.

    2010-04-01

    Full Text Available In this work different mixed Silicon oxicarbide materials have been prepared. Si, Si-Ti, Si-Zr and Si-Al oxicarbide materials have been obtained from pyrolisis at 1000 ºC and 1300 ºC of the respective preceramic materials. After pyrolisis X, D and T units of the oxycarbide structure have been observed in such materials. They show the presence of Si-C and Si-O bonds in a given material. The characterization has been carried out by means of FT-IR, Raman NMR 29Si, NMR 13C and XRD. The formation of Si-Ti, Si-Zr and Si-Al bonds has been estimated in accordance with the decrease of the Si-O-Si wave number observed in the FT-IR spectra. Si and Si-Ti oxycarbide materials do not lead to crystallisation after pyrolisis at highest temperatures, however for Si-Zr and Si-Al oxycarbide materials different crystalline phases have been observed. All pyrolised materials present free and carbidic carbon. After pyrolisis at 1300 ºC the free carbon reacts with Si-O bonds to form SiC4 groups which must be assigned to nucleus of the β-SiC crystals.

    Se han preparado materiales del tipo de oxicarburo de silicio mixtos de Si-Ti, Si-Zr y Si-Al por pirólisis de materiales precerámicos obtenidos a partir de alcóxidos de Si, Ti, Zr y Al y PDMS. La pirólisis se ha llevado a cabo a 1000 ºC y 1300 ºC, habiéndose observado la formación de unidades X, D y T de la estructura del oxicarburo en donde existen enlaces Si-C y Si-O. Los estudios se han llevado a cabo mediante FT-IR, Raman, RMN 29Si, RMN 13C y DRX. La formación de enlaces Si-Ti, Si-Zr y Si-Al se ha estimado por el descenso de la posición del enlace Si-O-Si en los respectivos materiales. Mientras que los materiales de Si y Si-Ti no cristalizan cuando son pirolizados a 1000 ºC ó a 1300 ºC, los de Si-Zr y Si-Al cristalizan en diferentes fases embebidas en una matriz vítrea de oxicarburo. En todos los materiales pirolizados se ha observado la presencia de

  17. Supervisionens materiale og proces

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jacobsen, Claus Haugaard

    2007-01-01

    Kapitlet handler om supervisionens materiale og proces, dvs. spørgsmålene om, hvilket materiale supervisanden skal medbringe til supervision, hvordan det skal fremlægges, og hvordan valg af materiale og metode gensidigt indvirker på hinanden og på supervisionsprocessen. Som de mest anvendte metoder...

  18. The Physical Protection of Nuclear Material; Proteccion Fisica Delos Materiales Nucleares

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    NONE

    1993-09-15

    Physical protection against the theft or unauthorized diversion of nuclear materials and against the sabotage of nuclear facilities by individuals or groups has long been a matter of national and international concern. Although responsibility for establishing and operating a comprehensive physical protection system for nuclear materials and facilities within a State rests entirely with the Government of that State, it is not a matter of indifference to other States whether and to what extent that responsibility is fulfilled. Physical protection has therefore become a matter of international concern and co-operation. The need for international cooperation becomes evident in situations where the effectiveness of physical protection in one State depends on the taking by other States also of adequate measures to deter or defeat hostile actions against nuclear facilities and materials, particularly when such materials are transported across national frontiers [French] La proteccion fisica contra el robo o la desviacion no autorizada de materiales nucleares y contra el sabotaje de las instalaciones nucleares por parte de individuos o de grupos ha sido durante largo tiempo motivo de preocupacion nacional e internacional. Aunque la obligacion de crear y hacer funcionar un sistema completo de proteccion fisica para las instalaciones y materiales nucleares en el territorio de un Estado determinado incumbe enteramente al Gobierno de dicho Estado, el que esa obligacion se cumpla o no, y si se cumple, en que medida o hasta que punto, es cosa que no deja indiferentes a los demas Estados. De aqui que la proteccion fisica se haya convertido en motivo de interes y cooperacion internacional. La necesidad de cooperacion internacional se hace evidente en los casos en que la eficacia de la proteccion fisica en el territorio de un Estado depende de que otros Estados tomen tambien medidas apropiadas para evitar o hacer fracasar los actos hostiles dirigidos contra instalaciones y

  19. Utilización de materiales manipulativos en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de contenidos matemáticos del Currículo de Secundaria

    OpenAIRE

    Rodríguez Vicente, David

    2014-01-01

    Con este trabajo pretendemos dar una visión del valor que puede tener el uso de los materiales manipulativos en el aula. Para ello en, primer lugar, se ofrece una visión histórica sobre la introducción de este tipo de actividades y materiales en el aula con un fin docente. Posteriormente se realiza una recopilación de materiales y actividades concretos (modificación o creación propia en algunos casos) cuyo contenido matemático esté relacionado directamente con los contenidos del mismo tipo de...

  20. Comparative studies of Zr-based MCM-41 and MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves: Synthesis and physicochemical properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, L.F.; Zhou, X.L.; Norena, L.E.; Wang, J.A.; Navarrete, J.; Salas, P.; Montoya, A.; Del Angel, P.; Llanos, M.E.

    2006-01-01

    Two surfactant-templated synthetic routes are developed for the preparation of new types of mesoporous molecular sieves, Zr-MCM-41 and Zr-MCM-48, using different Si sources but keeping the same zirconium precursor (zirconium-n-propoxide). When fumed silica was used as Si precursor, a Zr-MCM-48 material of cubic structure was formed with a surface area of 654.8 m 2 /g and an unimodal pore diameter distribution. It shows low stability: after calcination at 600 deg. C, the ordered structure was transformed into a relatively disordered worm-like mesostructure with many defects and silanol groups. The use of tetraethyl orthosilicate as Si source led to the formation of a Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous solid, which had good thermal stability and a highly ordered hexagonal arrangement, with a surface area 677.9 m 2 /g and an uniform pore diameter distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) characterization and 29 Si NMR analysis confirm that zirconium ions indeed incorporated into the framework of the solid. The in situ FT-IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption reveals that both, Lewis and Broensted acid sites, were formed on the surface of these mesoporous materials. The strength and number of the Broensted acid sites of the Zr-MCM-48 solid were greater than those of the Zr-MCM-41, due to a lower degree of condensation reaction during the synthesis that led to more structural defects in the framework and more silanol groups stretching from the solid surface

  1. SÍNTESIS DE MATERIALES MICROCOMPUESTOS DE POLIANILINA/ARCILLA: CARACTERIZACIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE SU ACTIVIDAD COMO AGENTES ANTICORROSIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Piedad Corredor

    2009-04-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se realiza la síntesis de materiales “microcompuestos” a partir de polianilina en su forma esmeraldina base y dos montmorillonitas colombianas. Las arcillas naturales fueron sometidas a  intercambio catiónico con una sal de amonio cuaternaria para obtener arcillas organofílicas que posteriormente fueron modificadas con polianilina mediante polimerización oxidativa “in situ”. La caracterización de los sólidos mediante espectroscopía infrarroja (FT-IR, difracción de rayos X (DRX, SEM y DSC evidencia la síntesis exitosa de los materiales mediante intercalación o delaminación de los minerales de arcilla. Los sólidos sintetizados se evaluaron como agentes anticorrosivos mediante mediciones electroquímicas de potencial de corrosión, resistencia de polarización y corriente de corrosión sobre electrodos de acero cold-rolled 1020 (AISI-SAE. Se encontró que los microcompuestos sintetizados brindan protección a la superficie del acero contra los agentes corrosivos, obteniéndo  diferencias importantes entre los materiales microcompuestos de polianilina/arcilla, sin que éstos superen el potencial anticorrosivo de la polianilina en su forma esmeraldina base pura.  

  2. Materiales. Lentes de contacto. (I)

    OpenAIRE

    Lozano Prieto, Beatriz

    2017-01-01

    La función de una lente de contacto, al igual que la de unas lentes oftálmicas en gafas, es la compensación de las ametropías ya sea miopía, hipermetropía o astigmatismo. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio metodológico basado principalmente en la evolución de las lentes de contacto y de sus materiales, desde las primeras lentes de vidrio esclerales y corneales, pasando por las lentes de material plástico, las rígidas permeables a los gases, las de hidrogel, y finalmente a las lentes de ...

  3. Utilización de materiales didácticos para fomentar valores educativos en baloncesto de formación

    OpenAIRE

    Ortega Vila, Gema; Giménez Fuentes-Guerra, Francisco Javier; Jiménez Sánchez, Ana Concepción; Jiménez Martín, Pedro Jesús; Durán González, Luís Javier; Franco Martín, Jorge

    2015-01-01

    Con la intención de promover la enseñanza y aprendizaje del baloncesto desde una perspectiva educativa en las etapas de formación, las Escuelas de Baloncesto de la Fundación Real Madrid, a través del proyecto de investigación denominado ?Por una Educación REAL: Valores y Deporte?, ha elaborado una serie de materiales didácticos que permitan ayudar a los entrenadores y jugadores a desarrollar la práctica del baloncesto en el mejor contexto educativo. Dichos materiales ofrecen a los entrenadore...

  4. Cdt1p, through its interaction with Mcm6p, is required for the formation, nuclear accumulation and chromatin loading of the MCM complex.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Wu, Rentian; Wang, Jiafeng; Liang, Chun

    2012-01-01

    Regulation of DNA replication initiation is essential for the faithful inheritance of genetic information. Replication initiation is a multi-step process involving many factors including ORC, Cdt1p, Mcm2-7p and other proteins that bind to replication origins to form a pre-replicative complex (pre-RC). As a prerequisite for pre-RC assembly, Cdt1p and the Mcm2-7p heterohexameric complex accumulate in the nucleus in G1 phase in an interdependent manner in budding yeast. However, the nature of this interdependence is not clear, nor is it known whether Cdt1p is required for the assembly of the MCM complex. In this study, we provide the first evidence that Cdt1p, through its interaction with Mcm6p with the C-terminal regions of the two proteins, is crucial for the formation of the MCM complex in both the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. We demonstrate that disruption of the interaction between Cdt1p and Mcm6p prevents the formation of the MCM complex, excludes Mcm2-7p from the nucleus, and inhibits pre-RC assembly and DNA replication. Our findings suggest a function for Cdt1p in promoting the assembly of the MCM complex and maintaining its integrity by interacting with Mcm6p.

  5. Diseño y desarrollo de materiales, procesos y equipos magnetorreológicos para beneficio de materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marco A. Ardila B

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presenta una síntesis de la revisión bibliográfica hecha sobre fluidos magnetorreológicos, y del estado del arte, fundamentalmente basada en estudios previos realizados por los grupos de investigación en carbones y carboquímica y, materiales siderúrgicos de la UPTC, tendiente a determinar propiedades magnetorreologicas en mezclas de aceite automotriz con partículas metálicas[1], en el cual se llevó acabo un análisis comparativo de mezclas de aceite automotriz con magnetita y partículas metálicas, para establecer comportamiento su magnetorreológico.. Igualmente se relacionan los procedimientos aplicados para la preparación mecánica de magnetita mineral y las reacciones químicas para la síntesis de magnetita en laboratorio. También se presentan los resultados de la caracterización fisicoquímica de la magnetita mineral, mediante análisis químico por Espectrometría y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido(MEB. Estos procedimientos forman parte del proyecto "Diseño y Desarrollo de Materiales, Procesos y Equipos Magnetorreológicos para Beneficio de Minerales "que se encuentra en ejecución por parte de los Grupos de Investigación en Ingeniería Mecánica GilM de la Universidad Santo Tomás y de Carbones y Carboquímica de la UPTC. La metodología propone cuatro fases para el desarrollo del proyecto, así: Fase de estudio y adaptación de los principios tecnológicos de los fluidos magnetorreológicos, Fase de desarrollo de la técnica para aplicar la suspensión magnetorreológica de magnetita al proceso de beneficio de minerales, Fase de desarrollo de la tecnología para el proceso de beneficio de minerales, y una Fase de pruebas y optimización del proceso. Como productos finales, se espera obtener una suspensión de magnetita con propiedades magnetorreológicas, debidamente caracterizada para su aplicación en el proceso de beneficio de minerales por métodos gravimétricos, los equipos de prueba para

  6. Cerium incorporated MCM-48 (Ce-MCM-48) as a catalyst to inhibit bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing water: Efficacy and mechanism.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Weiwei; Lu, Xiaowei; Xu, Ke; Qu, Jiuhui; Qiang, Zhimin

    2015-12-01

    The composite mesoporous sieve Ce-MCM-48 (cerium incorporated MCM-48) with different Si/Ce molar ratios were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET surface area, and pHpzc. Results indicate that Ce-MCM-48, especially with a Si/Ce molar ratio of 66 (i.e., Ce66-MCM-48), could significantly inhibit bromate (BrO3(-)) formation during ozonation of Br(-)-containing water, achieving 91% of inhibition efficiency at pH 7.6 and 25 °C. An acidic or alkaline pH decreased the inhibition efficiency of Ce66-MCM-48 to some extent, but reaction temperature ranging from 15 to 30 °C had no significant impact. By comparing the bromine mass balance, aqueous O3 decomposition, and newly formed H2O2 between O3 and O3/Ce66-MCM-48 processes, the inhibition mechanism was proposed: Ce66-MCM-48 promoted aqueous O3 decomposition to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) that could merge into H2O2, so the oxidative transformation of Br(-) and HOBr/OBr(-) by O3 and OH was primarily suppressed. The catalytic ability of Ce66-MCM-48 was continuously regenerated through the circulating reactions between Ce(III) and Ce(IV) occurring on the catalyst surface. Besides its inhibition on BrO3(-) formation, Ce66-MCM-48 could also enhance the degradation of refractory organic micropollutants. Because of these distinct merits, Ce66-MCM-48 has potential applications to water treatment by ozone. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. Fabricación de materiales celulares mejorados basados en Poliolefinas. Relación procesado-composición-estructura-propiedades

    OpenAIRE

    Saiz Arroyo, Cristina

    2012-01-01

    La investigación desarrollada en esta tesis pretende contribuir al desarrollo de una metodología capaz de producir materiales celulares poliméricos con propiedades mejoradas, que sean capaces de dar una respuesta más eficiente en las aplicaciones para las cuales puedan ser utilizados. Así los objetivos principales de la misma, son por un lado, producir materiales con estructuras celulares y propiedades físicas mejoradas modificando bien la matriz polimérica, bien los parámetros involucrados e...

  8. CALIDAD DE FRUTOS DE MATERIALES COMERCIALES DE PAPAYA ROJA PRODUCIDOS EN YUCATÁN, MÉXICO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Santamaría

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available La variedad Maradol es la principal papa - ya cultivada en México y uno de los principales cultivos del estado de Yucatán. Presenta algunos inconvenientes, como la susceptibilidad a viro - sis, por lo que se buscan nuevos materiales que puedan superar en rendimiento a Maradol, pero es necesario que presenten características de cali - dad similares. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar las características de calidad de los fru - tos de nuevos genotipos producidos en Yucatán. Se usaron 6 materiales comerciales (Maradol, Sensation, Intenzza, Siluet, Lenia Plus y Jíbara y 2 híbridos generados por INIFAP (Azteca y MSXJ. Se evaluó el tamaño de los frutos, color de cáscara y pulpa, firmeza de la pulpa y conte - nido de sólidos solubles totales. En el tamaño de frutos, excepto Jíbara que es muy grande (2,900 kg y Siluet que es muy pequeño (1,200 kg, los 6 materiales restantes fueron similares a Maradol. En color de la cás - cara, Intenzza y Siluet presentaron tono similar a Maradol (65 a 67º pero fueron más luminosos. Siluet y Sensation tuvieron mayor contenido de grados Brix que Maradol, pero también menor firmeza de la pulpa. Considerando el tamaño de los frutos, la firmeza de la pulpa, el contenido desólidos solubles totales y el color de la cáscara y pulpa, los genotipos Sensation, Lenia Plus y MSXJ presentan buenas características, por lo que pueden competir en calidad con la variedad Maradol.

  9. MATERIALES COMPUESTOS DE MATRIZ POLIMÉRICA USADOS PARA EL BLINDAJE DE INTERFERENCIA ELECTROMAGNÉTICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Andrés Orlando Garzón Posada

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este trabajo tiene como propósito revisar el estado del arte en la síntesis y caracterización de materiales de matriz polimérica reforzados con compuestos a base de carbón o ferritas para su uso como materiales atenuadores de interferencia electromagnética (EMI. Recientemente, este tipo de materiales han sido objeto de investigación debido a sus potenciales aplicaciones tecnológicas, economía y de ser además ambientalmente amigables, puesto que polímeros o cauchos reciclados se pueden utilizar para su fabricación. Estos compuestos pueden ser empleados en la producción de blindajes electromagnéticos, transductores, entrega focalizada de medicamentos, marcación de órganos, hipertermia magnética, etc. Para la fabricación de este tipo de materiales compuestos se usan refuerzos particulados, fibras o láminas y como matrices polímeros termoplásticos o termoestables, cauchos sintéticos o naturales. El método de producción de los compuestos (mezcla fundida, métodos químicos, etc. influye en las propiedades eléctricas, magnéticas y electromagnéticas del material obtenido, debido a la relación de aspecto de los refuerzos: compuestos con elevada relación de aspecto de sus refuerzos tendrán mejores propiedades magnéticas, eléctricas y desempeño frente a la interferencia electromagnética. El blindaje electromagnético de estos materiales se cuantifica a través de la efectividad del blindaje (SE o en otros casos a través de la pérdida reflectiva (RL. Una efectividad de blindaje de 30 dB corresponde a 99,9% de atenuación de la radiación electromagnética incidente. En todos los trabajos se comprueba que las propiedades del compuesto dependen de la cantidad y del tipo de refuerzo adicionado a la matriz.

  10. The effects of oligomerization on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mcm4/6/7 function

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Davey Megan J

    2010-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Minichromosome maintenance proteins (Mcm 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 are related by sequence and form a variety of complexes that unwind DNA, including Mcm4/6/7. A Mcm4/6/7 trimer forms one half of the Mcm2-7 hexameric ring and can be thought of as the catalytic core of Mcm2-7, the replicative helicase in eukaryotic cells. Oligomeric analysis of Mcm4/6/7 suggests that it forms a hexamer containing two Mcm4/6/7 trimers, however, under certain conditions trimeric Mcm4/6/7 has also been observed. The functional significance of the different Mcm4/6/7 oligomeric states has not been assessed. The results of such an assessment would have implications for studies of both Mcm4/6/7 and Mcm2-7. Results Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mcm4/6/7 reconstituted from individual subunits exists in an equilibrium of oligomeric forms in which smaller oligomers predominate in the absence of ATP. In addition, we found that ATP, which is required for Mcm4/6/7 activity, shifts the equilibrium towards larger oligomers, likely hexamers of Mcm4/6/7. ATPγS and to a lesser extent ADP also shift the equilibrium towards hexamers. Study of Mcm4/6/7 complexes containing mutations that interfere with the formation of inter-subunit ATP sites (arginine finger mutants indicates that full activity of Mcm4/6/7 requires all of its ATP sites, which are formed in a hexamer and not a trimer. In keeping with this observation, Mcm4/6/7 binds DNA as a hexamer. Conclusions The minimal functional unit of Mcm4/6/7 is a hexamer. One of the roles of ATP binding by Mcm4/6/7 may be to stabilize formation of hexamers.

  11. Comparative studies of Zr-based MCM-41 and MCM-48 mesoporous molecular sieves: Synthesis and physicochemical properties

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Chen, L.F. [Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-A, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa-Tamaulipas, 02200 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: chenlf2001@yahoo.com; Zhou, X.L. [Petroleum Processing Research Center, East China University of Science and Technology, 200237 Shanghai (China); Norena, L.E. [Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-A, Av. San Pablo 180, Col. Reynosa-Tamaulipas, 02200 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)]. E-mail: lnf@correo.azc.uam.mx; Wang, J.A. [Laboratorio de Catalisis y Materiales, SEPI-ESIQIE, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Av. Politecnico S/N, Col. Zacatenco, 07738 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Navarrete, J. [Grupo de Molecular Ingenieria, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Lazaro Cardenas 152, 07730 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Salas, P. [Grupo de Molecular Ingenieria, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Lazaro Cardenas 152, 07730 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Montoya, A. [Grupo de Molecular Ingenieria, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Lazaro Cardenas 152, 07730 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Del Angel, P. [Grupo de Molecular Ingenieria, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Lazaro Cardenas 152, 07730 Mexico D.F. (Mexico); Llanos, M.E. [Grupo de Molecular Ingenieria, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Lazaro Cardenas 152, 07730 Mexico D.F. (Mexico)

    2006-12-30

    Two surfactant-templated synthetic routes are developed for the preparation of new types of mesoporous molecular sieves, Zr-MCM-41 and Zr-MCM-48, using different Si sources but keeping the same zirconium precursor (zirconium-n-propoxide). When fumed silica was used as Si precursor, a Zr-MCM-48 material of cubic structure was formed with a surface area of 654.8 m{sup 2}/g and an unimodal pore diameter distribution. It shows low stability: after calcination at 600 deg. C, the ordered structure was transformed into a relatively disordered worm-like mesostructure with many defects and silanol groups. The use of tetraethyl orthosilicate as Si source led to the formation of a Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous solid, which had good thermal stability and a highly ordered hexagonal arrangement, with a surface area 677.9 m{sup 2}/g and an uniform pore diameter distribution. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) characterization and {sup 29}Si NMR analysis confirm that zirconium ions indeed incorporated into the framework of the solid. The in situ FT-IR spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption reveals that both, Lewis and Broensted acid sites, were formed on the surface of these mesoporous materials. The strength and number of the Broensted acid sites of the Zr-MCM-48 solid were greater than those of the Zr-MCM-41, due to a lower degree of condensation reaction during the synthesis that led to more structural defects in the framework and more silanol groups stretching from the solid surface.

  12. Paraquat adsorption on NaX and Al-MCM-41.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rongchapo, Wina; Deekamwong, Krittanun; Loiha, Sirinuch; Prayoonpokarach, Sanchai; Wittayakun, Jatuporn

    2015-01-01

    The aim of this work is to determine paraquat adsorption capacity of zeolite NaX and Al-MCM-41. All adsorbents were synthesized by hydrothermal method using rice husk silica. For Al-MCM-41, aluminum (Al) was added to the synthesis gel of MCM-41 with Al content of 10, 15, 20 and 25 wt%. The faujasite framework type of NaX and mesoporous characteristic of Al-MCM-41 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Surface area of all adsorbents determined by N2 adsorption-desorption analysis was higher than 650 m2/g. Al content and geometry were determined by X-ray fluorescence and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. Morphology of Al-MCM-41 were studied by transmission electron microscopy; macropores and defects were observed. The paraquat adsorption experiments were conducted using a concentration range of 80-720 mg/L for NaX and 80-560 mg/L for Al-MCM-41. The paraquat adsorption isotherms from all adsorbents fit well with the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity of NaX was 120 mg/g-adsorbent. Regarding Al-MCM-41, the 10% Al-MCM-41 exhibited the lowest capacity of 52 mg/g-adsorbent while the other samples had adsorption capacity of 66 mg/g-adsorbent.

  13. Estudio y optimización de sensores de microondas para la caracterización y monitorización de materiales en procesos industriales.

    OpenAIRE

    García Baños, Beatriz

    2011-01-01

    En esta tesis se realiza el análisis y la optimización del diseño de sensores de microondas, basados tanto en guías de onda coaxiales como en circuitos planares, para poder llevar a cabo la caracterización dieléctrica de materiales, así como la monitorización de los mismos en procesos industriales. Se describen novedosos métodos de diseño para conseguir que los sensores proporcionen la máxima sensibilidad a los cambios de las propiedades dieléctricas de los materiales; y se aplican nuevos mod...

  14. Modelos de elementos finitos de componentes de autobuses fabricados en materiales compuestos

    OpenAIRE

    Grimaldi Pastoril, Rocío; Alcalá Fazio, Enrique

    2010-01-01

    La creciente preocupación por la seguridad en el transporte de pasajeros, ha hecho que las estructuras de los autobuses y autocares se vean sometidas a solicitaciones cada vez más exigentes, sobre todo ante condiciones de vuelco cuyos requerimientos vienen determinados por el Reglamento 66 de ginebra. Es por eso que en esta ponencia se pretende presentar una alternativa de pilares de estructura con materiales compuestos para el uso de los mismos como método reductor de masa de los vehícu...

  15. Guía de materiales reciclados en la construcción “+live”

    OpenAIRE

    Herrera Martín, José Adolfo

    2013-01-01

    El objeto de este trabajo es la presentación de guía para la utilización y difusión de materiales procedentes de labores de reciclado y su aplicación en procesos constructivos. La guía persigue los siguientes aspectos: - El conocimiento de materiales procedentes del reciclado, que tienen un uso eficaz en procesos constructivos, en una base de datos. - La generación de una base de datos actualizada que permita la fácil incorporación de nuevos productos y técnicas constructiva...

  16. Catalytic co-pyrolysis of cellulose and polypropylene over all-silica mesoporous catalyst MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chi, Yongchao; Xue, Junjie; Zhuo, Jiankun; Zhang, Dahu; Liu, Mi; Yao, Qiang

    2018-08-15

    Fast pyrolysis is one of the most economical and efficient technologies to convert biomass to bio-oil and valuable chemical products. Co-pyrolysis with hydrogen rich materials such as plastics over zeolite catalysts is one of the significant solutions to various problems of bio-oil such as high oxygen content, low heat value and high acid content. This paper studied pyrolysis of cellulose and polypropylene (PP) separately and co-pyrolysis of cellulose and PP over MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41. The pyrolysis over different heating rates (10K/min, 20K/min, 30K/min) was studied by Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) and kinetic parameters were obtained by Coats-Redfern method and isoconversion method. TG and DTG data shows that the two catalysts advance the pyrolysis reaction of PP significantly and reduce its peak temperature of DTG curve from 458°C to 341°C. The activation energy of pyrolysis of PP also has a remarkable reduction over the two catalysts. Py-GC/MS method was used to obtain the product distribution of pyrolysis of cellulose and PP separately and co-pyrolysis of cellulose and PP over MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 at constant temperature of 650°C. Experiment results proved that co-pyrolysis with PP bring significant changes to the product distribution of cellulose. Oxygenated compounds such as furans are decreased, while yields of olefins and aromatics increase greatly. The yield of furans increases with the catalysis of MCM-41 as for the pyrolysis of cellulose and co-pyrolysis, while the yield of olefins and aromatics both experience significant growth over Al-MCM-41, which can be explained by the abundant acid centers in Al-MCM-41. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  17. ESTUDIO DE LA RESISTENCIA MECÁNICA DE MATERIALES COMPUESTOS POLIMÉRICOS REFORZADOS CON FIBRAS DE CARBONO

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Enrique Rocha-Rangel

    2011-01-01

    Full Text Available Materiales compuestos hechos de una resina epóxica reforzada con diferentes contenidos de fibra de carbono, fueron preparados por dos técnicas de laminación diferentes. Se aplicó 1 Kg/cm2 de presión en los laminados, mientras, que otros laminados se sometieron a un vacío de 1 atm. De los resultados se tiene que las resistencias a la flexión y tensión de los compósitos son mejoradas con el aumento en el contenido de fibra en los mismos. Los compósitos resultantes presentan un mejor comportamiento mecánico bajo esfuerzos de tensión que cuando lo hacen bajo esfuerzos de flexión, debido a que en flexión las fibras se rompen eventualmente, provocando que el material falle a bajos valores de esfuerzo. Cuando los materiales compuestos son sometidos a tensión, las fibras trasmiten los esfuerzos entre ellas y el material falla hasta que se acumula la energía necesaria para romper todas las fibras de una sola vez.

  18. Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous Si-MCM-41 materials ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Administrator

    The poten- tial use of Al-MCM-41 and 12TPA-MCM-41 as solid acid catalysts has been explored and compared by study- ... such as difficulty in handling, causing an acidic waste water ... been supported onto MCM-41 by process of anchoring.

  19. Synthesis and characterization of bulky mesoporous silica Pd-MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Nagata, Hidezumi; Nakahira, Atsushi; Hirao, Norie; Baba, Yuji; Onoki, Takamasa; Yamasaki, Yuki

    2008-01-01

    Bulky palladium catalyst supported on mesoporous silica MCM-41 (Pd-MCM-41) was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal hot-pressing method. In this study, the structure of the palladium species in Pd-MCM-41 bulk before and after heat-treatment process was revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the microstructure and mesoporous property of Pd-MCM-41 bulk was discussed. As a result, it was revealed that these dense Pd-MCM-41 bulks possessed a high surface area of over 1000 m 2 /g and the structure of palladium of Pd-MCM-41 bulk is almost equal to palladium (0) metal. (author)

  20. Indeklima - Materialer - Byggeri

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Jensen, Jens Kristian Jehrbo

    I dette hæfte behandles emnerne INDEKLIMA MATERIALER BYGGERI med henblik på at opnå en forståelse af de begreber, der har betydning for menneskets velvære. Nogle af de vigtigste indeklimabegreber gennemgås og materialers fordele og ulemper belyses. Emner som afgasning, materialevalg, depoteffekt...... efter behov. Hæftet erstatter det tidligere hæfte: "Noget om indeklima - især om materialer" fra 1988. Renskrivningen er foretaget af Mette Bjerring, og tegninger og fotos er færdiggjort af Ingrid Christensen. Begge bedes modtage min hjerteligste tak. Juli 1992. Jens Kr. Jehrbo Jensen...

  1. Iluminación led y color en materiales retroreflectivos

    OpenAIRE

    Ferreyra, Simón

    2016-01-01

    La rápida mejora de las prestaciones lumínicas del diodo emisor de luz (LEO} ha generado una importante difusión de esta tecnología en el campo de la iluminación doméstica y comercial, que se está extendiendo ahora al alumbrado público, vial y vehicular. Este trabajo estudia la posible alteración en la reproducción de los colores de materiales retrorreflectivos, cuando se utiliza iluminación LEO. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar los cambios de color que genera la iluminación LED en mues...

  2. Baterías recargables de litio: fundamentos y materiales

    OpenAIRE

    García-Alvarado, F.

    1996-01-01

    Se presenta una breve revisión sobre los materiales inorgánicos que pueden ser utilizados como electrodo positivo en baterías recargables de litio comparándose éstos entre sí en función de las prestaciones esperadas u obtenidas. Para una correcta comprensión de la química de estado sólido involucrada en este campo se ha dedicado una parte de este artículo a explicar el fundamento de las baterías recargables de litio intentando relacionar claramente los parámetros característicos de estas a ba...

  3. Comparison of minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM-3, MCM-7) and metallothioneins (MT-I/II, MT-III) expression in relation to clinicopathological data in ovarian cancer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kobierzycki, Christopher; Pula, Bartosz; Skiba, Mateusz; Jablonska, Karolina; Latkowski, Krzysztof; Zabel, Maciej; Nowak-Markwitz, Ewa; Spaczynski, Marek; Kedzia, Witold; Podhorska-Okolow, Marzena; Dziegiel, Piotr

    2013-12-01

    Despite great progress in the understanding of ovarian cancer biology, clinicopathological data (i.e. grade, stage, histological type and residual disease after surgery) seem to be the most important prognostic factors. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between expression of minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCM-3, MCM-7), metallothioneins (MT-I/II, MT-III), and Ki-67 in 103 ovarian cancer cases, mostly of the serous histological type. Statistical analysis revealed strong positive correlations in the expression of MCM-3 vs. Ki-67 (r=0.492), MCM-7 vs. Ki-67 (r=0.651), and MCM-3 vs. MCM-7 (r=0.515) (all pMCM-3 and Ki-67 with increasing grade of histological malignancy (p=0.0011, p=0.029, respectively). Regarding clinical progression, cytoplasmic MT-I/II expression was significantly higher in more advanced disease stages (III+IV vs. I+II; p=0.0247). Due to the correlations shown here, the determination of MCM proteins as proliferation markers of ovarian cancer, should be strongly considered.

  4. Sistema de presupuesto de materiales y mano de obra electrica sipreme

    OpenAIRE

    Briones Ruiz, Freddy Roddy; Murgueitio Chuchuca, Glenda Desiree; Freire Cobo, Lenin Eduardo

    2009-01-01

    La forma más eficiente de llevar la información de las empresas es por medio de la automatización ya que debido a esto se pueda llevar un control de materiales presupuestado con los comprados y a la vez los entregados; de esa forma se pudiese dar por finalizado una obra de instalaciones eléctricas. El objetivo de nuestro sistema es que resuelva de manera eficiente, rápida y de forma fácil los diferentes requerimientos de todos aquellos profesionales de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Telefónica...

  5. Pixel detector modules using MCM-D technology

    CERN Document Server

    Grah, C

    2001-01-01

    For the upcoming ATLAS-experiment at CERN it is planned to build a large area pixel detector, providing more than 100*10/sup 6/ sensor cells. For the innermost layer, the B-physics layer, it is planned to use MCM-D technology to perform the signal interconnections and power distribution on the modules. Focus of this paper is to give an introduction to this technology and present measurements on single chip MCM-D assemblies and a full scale MCM-D module prototype. (10 refs).

  6. Cuadernia , una herramienta multimedia para elaborar materiales didácticos

    OpenAIRE

    Gerardo Herrera Gutierrez; Carmen Gregori Signes; Marisa Samblás Betata; Javier Sevilla Peris; Rebeca Montes Maya; Raquel Abellán Royuela

    2009-01-01

    Cuadernia es la herramienta con licencia Creative Commons que la Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de Castilla-La Mancha pone a disposición de toda la comunidad educativa para la creación y difusión de materiales educativos digitales con una interfaz y presentación final muy intuitiva y fácil de utilizar. Esta herramienta permite crear cuadernos digitales para utilizar en red o en tu propio ordenador. Los autores son miembros de un proyecto de investigación Authia que colabora con los creado...

  7. Plan de negocio. Distribuidora de materiales de construcción

    OpenAIRE

    GUEVARA NAVARRO, ADRIÁN MANUEL

    2018-01-01

    El plan de negocio se orienta a estudiar la viabilidad de montar una distribuidora de materiales de construcción que ofrecerá marcas de prestigio y calidad de los mejores fabricantes. Además, la empresa ofrece la asistencia de decoradores e interioristas sin costo, que facilitarán la elección a los clientes, se atenderá a clientes que quieran reformar su hogar o de nueva construcción. La clave de este plan estratégico pasa por especializarse dentro de sector de la construcción en la rama...

  8. Synthesis of Dicyclopentadiene Oligomer Over Nanoporous Al-MCM-41 Catalysts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Eunseo; Kim, Jinhan; Yim, Jin-Heong; Han, Jeongsik; Kwon, Tae Soo; Park, Y K; Jeon, Jong-Ki

    2016-05-01

    One step reaction composed of DCPD oligomerization and DCPD oligomer isomerization was investigated over nanoporous Al-MCM-41 catalysts. The effects of aluminum grafting over MCM-41 on the catalyst characteristics were studied with respect to the synthesis of TCPD isomer. Physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were analyzed by N2 adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine. The overall number of acid sites as well as the number of Lewis acid sites increased with increasing of aluminum content over MCM-41. When utilizing MCM-41 and Al-MCM-41 as the catalyst, DCPD oligomerization reaction activity greatly increased compared to the thermal reaction. The highest TCPD isomer selectivity over the Al-MCM-41 catalyst with the highest aluminum content could be ascribed to the largest amount of acid sites. This study showed an increased level of TCPD isomer selectivity by an increasing level of Lewis acid sites through aluminum addition over MCM-41.

  9. MCM Paradox: Abundance of Eukaryotic Replicative Helicases and Genomic Integrity.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Das, Mitali; Singh, Sunita; Pradhan, Satyajit; Narayan, Gopeshwar

    2014-01-01

    As a crucial component of DNA replication licensing system, minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 2-7 complex acts as the eukaryotic DNA replicative helicase. The six related MCM proteins form a heterohexamer and bind with ORC, CDC6, and Cdt1 to form the prereplication complex. Although the MCMs are well known as replicative helicases, their overabundance and distribution patterns on chromatin present a paradox called the "MCM paradox." Several approaches had been taken to solve the MCM paradox and describe the purpose of excess MCMs distributed beyond the replication origins. Alternative functions of these MCMs rather than a helicase had also been proposed. This review focuses on several models and concepts generated to solve the MCM paradox coinciding with their helicase function and provides insight into the concept that excess MCMs are meant for licensing dormant origins as a backup during replication stress. Finally, we extend our view towards the effect of alteration of MCM level. Though an excess MCM constituent is needed for normal cells to withstand stress, there must be a delineation of the threshold level in normal and malignant cells. This review also outlooks the future prospects to better understand the MCM biology.

  10. The viability of MCM-41 as separator in secondary alkaline cells

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meskon, S. R.; Othman, R.; Ani, M. H.

    2018-01-01

    The viability of MCM-41 membrane as a separator material in secondary alkaline cell is investigated. The inorganic membrane was employed in an alkaline nickel-zinc system. MCM-41 mesoporous material consists of arrays of hexagonal nano-pore channels. The membrane was synthesized using sol-gel route from parent solution comprising of quarternary ammonium surfactant, cethyltrimethylammonium bromide C16H33(CH3)3NBr (CTAB), hydrochloric acid (HCl), deionized water (H2O), ethanol (C2H5OH), and tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS). Both the anodic zinc/zinc oxide and cathodic nickel hydroxide electrodeposited film were coated with MCM-41 membrane. The Ni/MCM-41/Zn alkaline cell was then subjected to 100-cycle durability test and the structural stability of MCM-41 separator throughout the progression of the charge-discharge cycles is studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the dismantled cell shows that MCM-41 began to transform to lamellar MCM-50 on the 5th cycle and transformed almost completely on the 25th cycle. The phase transformation of MCM-41 hexagonal structure into gel-like MCM-50 prevents the mesoporous cell separator from diminished in the caustic alkaline surround. This work has hence demonstrated MCM-41 membrane is viable to be employed in secondary alkaline cells.

  11. Mcm10 regulates DNA replication elongation by stimulating the CMG replicative helicase.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lõoke, Marko; Maloney, Michael F; Bell, Stephen P

    2017-02-01

    Activation of the Mcm2-7 replicative DNA helicase is the committed step in eukaryotic DNA replication initiation. Although Mcm2-7 activation requires binding of the helicase-activating proteins Cdc45 and GINS (forming the CMG complex), an additional protein, Mcm10, drives initial origin DNA unwinding by an unknown mechanism. We show that Mcm10 binds a conserved motif located between the oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide fold (OB-fold) and A subdomain of Mcm2. Although buried in the interface between these domains in Mcm2-7 structures, mutations predicted to separate the domains and expose this motif restore growth to conditional-lethal MCM10 mutant cells. We found that, in addition to stimulating initial DNA unwinding, Mcm10 stabilizes Cdc45 and GINS association with Mcm2-7 and stimulates replication elongation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we identified a lethal allele of MCM10 that stimulates initial DNA unwinding but is defective in replication elongation and CMG binding. Our findings expand the roles of Mcm10 during DNA replication and suggest a new model for Mcm10 function as an activator of the CMG complex throughout DNA replication. © 2017 Lõoke et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

  12. Rapid synthesis of Ti-MCM-41 by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method towards photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Hanlin; Peng, Yen-Ping; Chen, Ku-Fan; Lai, Chia-Hsiang; Lin, Yung-Chang

    2016-06-01

    This study employed microwave-assisted hydrothermal method to synthesize Ti-MCM-41, which are mesoporous materials with a high surface area and excellent photocatalytic ability. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) were employed. The XRD findings showed that Ti-MCM-41 exhibited a peak at 2θ of 2.2°, which was attributed to the hexagonal MCM-41 structure. The BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) results agreed with the TEM findings that Ti-MCM-41 has a pore size of about 3-5nm and a high surface area of 883m(2)/g. FTIR results illustrated the existence of Si-O-Si and Si-O-Ti bonds in Ti-MCM-41. The appearance of Ti 2p peaks in the XPS results confirmed the FTIR findings that the Ti was successfully doped into the MCM-41 structure. Zeta (ζ)-potential results indicated that the iso-electric point (IEP) of Ti-MCM-41 was at about pH3.02. In this study, the photocatalytic degradation of oxytetracycline (OTC) at different pH was investigated under Hg lamp irradiation (wavelength 365nm). The rate constant (K'obs) for OTC degradation was 0.012min(-1) at pH3. Furthermore, TOC (total organic carbon) and high resolution LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) analyses were conducted to elucidate the possible intermediate products and degradation pathway for OTC. The TOC removal efficiency of OTC degradation was 87.0%, 74.4% and 50.9% at pH3, 7 and 10, respectively. LC-MS analysis results showed that the degradation products from OTC resulted from the removal of functional groups from the OTC ring. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  13. opfølgnings materiale i CT undervisningen

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Mørup, Svea Deppe

    2014-01-01

    Valg af materiale/medie/form: Smart notebook Valg af arbejdsform: sammen i grupper eller selvstændigt Begrundelse for valg af materiale/medie/form/arbejdsform: Nyt undervisnings materiale til CT med smart notebook......Valg af materiale/medie/form: Smart notebook Valg af arbejdsform: sammen i grupper eller selvstændigt Begrundelse for valg af materiale/medie/form/arbejdsform: Nyt undervisnings materiale til CT med smart notebook...

  14. Análisis de materiales didácticos que desarrollan el tiempo en el segundo ciclo de Educación Infantil (5 años)

    OpenAIRE

    Vera Castillo, Rosa Elvira

    2013-01-01

    Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado gira en torno a dos temas: los materiales didácticos y el aprendizaje del tiempo en los niños/as de 5 años de infantil. En relación a los materiales didácticos este trabajo intenta dar a conocer algunos aspectos como: definición, tipos, funciones, características y análisis; basándonos en los trabajos de diferentes autores que han desarrollado esta temática. En cuanto al tiempo, se procura reflejar la forma de aprehensión del tiempo en los niños/as de infant...

  15. Comportamiento a corrosión de materiales compuestos con aplicaciones electrónicas

    OpenAIRE

    Gutiérrez Arévalo, Zayra

    2007-01-01

    Proyecto Fin de Carrera leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos durante el curso académico 2006/2007. Tutores del Proyecto: María Victoria Utrilla Esteban y Claudio J. Múnez Alba Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales

  16. Cuerpo y subjetividad: materiales y tensiones

    OpenAIRE

    Cachorro, Gabriel

    2007-01-01

    En este artículo se efectúa un abordaje del tema cuerpo y subjetividad a través de un ejercicio exploratorio de sus materiales y tensiones. Las preguntas posibles de formular son: ¿Qué discusiones tenemos por debajo de la subjetividad corporal?, ¿cuáles son las raíces históricas de este tema?, ¿qué problemáticas lo atraviesan? La enunciación de estos interrogantes nos ayuda a establecer la posición de investigador y a explicitar los argumentos teóricos. Se desprende de esta propuest...

  17. SISTEMA PARA LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE MATERIALES EN PROYECTOS DE CONSTRUCCIÓN MASIVA DE VIVIENDA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Antonio González Fajardo

    2002-07-01

    Full Text Available Se propone un sistema para administrar los recursos materiales que intervienen en la construcción masiva de unidades habitacionales o vivienda unifamiliar. Esta propuesta es en sí, un planteamiento global de todas las etapas, fases y procesos administrativos que se consideran importantes integrar para llevar a cabo con éxito la función referida; se considera la administración de los materiales
    desde el desarrollo del diseño del proyecto hasta su utilización dentro de los procesos constructivos, pasando a través de las etapas de planeación, programación y control de los mismos.Se estima haber alcanzado un alto nivel de detalle en cada una de las etapas que se definieron. Se aprovechan las características particulares de administración que se presentan en los proyectos de construcción masiva de vivienda, debido al carácter repetitivo de las unidades habitacionales.Para el desarrollo del sistema se tomaron en cuenta aspectos tales como la administración efectiva de proyectos y su impacto en la productividad de las empresas constructoras de este ramo, así como la situación actual, necesidades y opiniones de los ejecutivos de estas empresas.

  18. Cómo aplicar los niveles de referencia a la elaboración de materiales didácticos. Estudio sobre Pasaporte A1

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Román M. Navarro Giner

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available Este artículo surge como resultado del estudio de los Niveles de Referencia para el español (Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes, 2007, y del análisis de las múltiples aplicaciones que este ofrece para la elaboración de nuevos materiales didácticos. En primer lugar, trata de resumir los beneficios de los enfoques curriculares en la adquisición de lenguas. A continuación, revisa los intentos de diseñar bases curriculares comunes por parte de las autoridades educativas europeas, haciendo especial énfasis en describir la significancia histórica y metodológica que se dereiva de estas. El cuerpo del artículo se basa en el análisis de los Niveles de Referencia para el español, su formato y divisiones, y en en cómo tanto profesores como autores pueden utlizarlo para elaborar nuevos materiales adaptados al silabus propuesto. Con el fin de asentar una base común para trabajar con el documento, proponemos un modo de citación de los descriptores de nivel sencillo y explícito. Para concluir, sugerimos algunas posibles mejoras en el inventario, ya sea mediante la inclusión de algunos elementos, o a través de la reflexión sobre el orden dado a otros descriptores y, eventualmente, su cambio en aras de una mejor adaptación a las dinámicas y funcionamiento de clase. /////////This article comes out as a result of the study of the Niveles de Referencia para el español (Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes of 2007, and the and analysis of the multiple applications it offers for the elaboration of new didactical materials. On the first hand, it tries to summarize the benefits of curriculum-centered approaches on SLA. Then, it reviews the attemps of designing a common frame by the EU educational authorities and its historical and methological significance. The core of the article lays on the analysis of the Niveles de Referencia para el español, its format and divisions, and how both teachers and authors might use it in order to

  19. Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous Mn-MCM-41 materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Saladino, Maria Luisa; Kraleva, Elka; Todorova, Silvia; Spinella, Alberto; Nasillo, Giorgio; Caponetti, Eugenio

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: · Manganese MCM-41 as catalyst. · Influence of pH on the structure of MCM-41. · Influence of manganese on the structure and activity of Mn-MCM-41. - Abstract: MCM-41 has been synthesized at two different pH using cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant as template and adding the silica precursor to aqueous solutions containing CTAB. The obtained solids were calcined at 600 deg. C for 4 h. Mn-MCM-41 powders with different Mn/Si molar ratios were prepared using the incipient wetness method, followed by calcination at 550 deg. C for 5 h. At the end of the impregnation process the powders colour changed from white to brown whose intensity depends on manganese quantity. The materials characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption, 29 Si Cross Polarization-Magic Angle Spinning NMR, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The effects of the manganese quantity and of the structural characteristic of the MCM-41 support were studied. The catalytic activity of the prepared systems was evaluated in a complete n-hexane oxidation.

  20. Acumulación de daño y redistribución de los esfuerzos en materiales reforzados con fibras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Anatoli S. Ovchinsky

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Se analiza el proceso de fractura de materiales compuestos, considerando la interacción de diferentes factores que tienen un carácter muy particular. La resistencia a la ruptura de las fibras, la resistencia localizada de la matriz y la fuerza de adherencia entre la fibra y la matriz, por lo general varían de manera substancial y, además, la distribución del reforzamiento es errática y casual. Analíticamente la interacción entre estos imprevisibles factores durante la fractura del compuesto no pueden ser plenamente descritos mediante el uso de métodos probabilísticos. El desarrollo de métodos computacionales abre enormes posibilidades para simular la influencia de estos factores durante el proceso de fractura del compuesto. Determinadas dificultades surgen en el desarrollo de estas investigaciones porque éstas sintetizan problemas de física de materiales, así como de mecánica al tener que considerar y analizar simultáneamente la estructura real del material. Por lo anterior, resulta conveniente junto con la simulación numérica aplicada al estudio de determinados fenómenos y a la solución de problemas prácticos, hacer uso de criterios que son fundamentales para simular los procesos de delaminación de las fibras fracturadas y el desarrollo de grietas en la matriz

  1. La transversalidad en los materiales institucionales

    OpenAIRE

    Cruz Guerra, Gloria Alicia de la

    1999-01-01

    Uno de los aspectos más novedosos del modelo curricular que se deriva de la actual Ley de Ordenación General del Sistema Educativo (LOGSE) es, sin lugar a dudas, la incorporación en él de los diferentes temas transversales; es decir, la incorporación de determinadas ejes que han de estar presentes en todas las áreas del currículo y a lo largo de las diferentes etapas y niveles educativos: Educación Moral y Cívica, Educación para la Paz, Educación para la Salud, Educación para la Igualdad de O...

  2. Arkitektur, materialer, teknologi

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    2004-01-01

    En redigeret samling af bidrag til en "tænkt" lærebog om arkitektur, materialer og teknologi, udført af studerende i forbindelse med kursus 0.021. Bygning, produkt og projekt, september 2004. Består af ca. 100 artikler, inddelt efter materialer som tegl, træ, sten, beton, metal, glas, plast...

  3. Adsorption of CO2 on amine-functionalised MCM-41: experimental and theoretical studies.

    Science.gov (United States)

    dos Santos, Thiago Custódio; Bourrelly, Sandrine; Llewellyn, Philip L; Carneiro, José Walkimar de M; Ronconi, Célia Machado

    2015-04-28

    Adsorption of CO2 on MCM-41 functionalised with [3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyl]trimethoxysilane (MCM-41-N2), N(1)-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (MCM-41-N3), 4-aminopyridine (MCM-41-aminopyridine), 4-(methylamino)pyridine (MCM-41-methylaminopyridine) and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (MCM-41-guanidine) was investigated. The amine-functionalised materials were characterised by (29)Si and (13)C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. CO2 adsorption at 1.0 bar and 30 °C showed that the amount of CO2 (nads/mmol g(-1)) adsorbed on MCM-41-N2 and MCM-41-N3 is approximately twice the amount adsorbed on MCM-41. For MCM-41-aminopyridine, MCM-41-methylaminopyridine and MCM-41-guanidine, the CO2 adsorption capacity was smaller than that of MCM-41 at the same conditions. The proton affinity (computed with wB97x-D/6-311++G(d,p)) of the secondary amino groups is higher than that of the primary amino groups; however, the relative stabilities of the primary and secondary carbamates are similar. The differential heat of adsorption decreases as the number of secondary amino groups increases.

  4. Estudio Mediante Trazadores de la Disolución de Hidratos de Cemento Portland y sus Implicaciones en la Durabilidad e Impacto Ambiental de los Materiales de Construcción

    OpenAIRE

    Pompeu Correa, Pedro

    2010-01-01

    Los residuos representan una enorme pérdida de recursos tanto materiales como energéticos. Las cifras de producción total de residuos en la UE y la comunidad Europea de libre comercio aumentaron casi un 10% entre 1990 y 1995, mientras que el crecimiento económico fue de sólo 6,5% aproximadamente. Se estima que Europa genera más de 3 mil millones de toneladas de residuos cada año, de los cuales prácticamente el 1% son peligrosos. Estos representan un riesgo para el medio ambi...

  5. Estudio mineralóglco de la fracción arena de algunos materiales arcillosos de la sabana de Bogotá

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julia Rubio de Cubides

    2009-06-01

    Full Text Available Se realizó un estudio mineralógico de la fracción arena de tres muestras de materiales arcillosos situados en la Sabana de Bogotá. Esta fracción se caracterizó porque los minerales reslstentes-turmallna, circón y rutilo constituyeron más de la mitad de la fracción pesada de la muestra. Esta fracción también se caracterizó por una riqueza de minerales opacos naturales (ilmenlta, especialmente, y algo de magnetita, siendo los de alteración sobre todo leucoxenos. Dos de las muestras exhibieron un alto contenido de minerales metamórficos, en especial estaurolita. De los resultados granulométricos y mineralógicos de los materiales, se deduce que las muestras han sufrido alteraciones químicas fuertes (lavado, ya que únicamente permanecen los minearles resistentes (turmalina, circón, rutilo y cuarzo.

  6. Surface Properties of Al-Functionalized Mesoporous MCM-41 and the Melting Behavior of Water in Al-MCM-41 Nanopores.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sterczyńska, Angelina; Deryło-Marczewska, Anna; Zienkiewicz-Strzałka, Małgorzata; Śliwińska-Bartkowiak, Małgorzata; Domin, Kamila

    2017-10-24

    We report an experimental investigation of structural and adhesive properties for Al-containing mesoporous MCM-41 and MCM-41 surfaces. In this work, highly ordered hexagonal mesoporous structures of aluminosilica with two different Si/Al molar ratios equal to 50 and 80 and silica samples were studied; Al was incorporated into the MCM-41 structures using the direct synthesis method, with CTAB as a surfactant. The incorporation of aluminum was evidenced simultaneously without any change in the hexagonal arrangement of cylindrical mesopores. The porous materials were examined by techniques such as low-temperature nitrogen sorption, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Surface properties were determined through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, potentiometric titration, and static contact angle measurements. It was shown that an increase in surface acidity leads to an increase in the wetting energy of the surface. To investigate the influence of acidity on the confinement effects, the melting behavior of water in Al-MCM-41 and MCM-41 with the same pore size was determined by using dielectric relaxation spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry methods. We found that the melting-point depression of water in pores is larger in the functionalized pores than in pure silica pores of the same pore diameter.

  7. Gestión de Materiales Experimentales y su Uso en Replicaciones de Experimentos: Un Mapeo Sistemático de la Literatura

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edison Espinosa

    2016-11-01

    Full Text Available La Ingeniería de Software Experimental (ISE aplica la experimentación para obtener conocimiento sobre productos, métodos, técnicas usados en el proceso de desarrollo software. Para validar el conocimiento es necesario repetir el experimento original tantas veces como sea necesario. Se requieren mucha información y materiales acerca del experimento para que un experimentador realice una replicación. Previa a la ejecución de la replicación del experimento, algunos o la totalidad de los materiales pueden requerir cambios produciendo nuevas o modificadas versiones de estos. Una vez ejecutada la replicación del experimento se espera que, parte o la totalidad de los materiales, se incorporen al material del experimento original. El incremento en el número de replicaciones del experimento original está directamente relacionado con el incremento de las versiones del material experimental, que ocasiona comúnmente confusión y desorden en su organización. En este trabajo, realizamos un mapeo sistemático de la literatura (MSL para localizar trabajos sobre Gestión de Materiales Experimentales y su Uso en Replicaciones en Ingeniería de Software Experimental. Los resultados encontrados reflejan la escasa existencia de artículos sobre esta temática. Además, el análisis de los estudios encontrados ha descubierto que dichos artículos, en su mayoría, adolecen de problemas en la gestión de versiones de materiales experimentales para poder llevar a cabo un proceso de replicación. Estos datos proporcionan información de interés para iniciar la investigación de la adopción del paradigma de gestión de configuración de software en la gestión del material experimental en ISE.

  8. El procesamiento informático de los materiales del Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica de Tomás Navarro Tomás

    OpenAIRE

    García Mouton, Pilar

    2010-01-01

    Estas páginas dan noticia de la puesta en marcha de un proyecto intramural del CSIC para elaborar y editar definitivamente, en soporte informático, los materiales del Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica, que Tomás Navarro Tomás dirigió en la primera mitad del siglo XX.

  9. The MCM Helicase Motor of the Eukaryotic Replisome.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Abid Ali, Ferdos; Costa, Alessandro

    2016-05-08

    The MCM motor of the CMG helicase powers ahead of the eukaryotic replication machinery to unwind DNA, in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. The reconstitution of DNA replication in vitro has established the succession of events that lead to replication origin activation by the MCM and recent studies have started to elucidate the structural basis of duplex DNA unwinding. Despite the exciting progress, how the MCM translocates on DNA remains a matter of debate. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  10. A study on hydrogen-storage behaviors of nickel-loaded mesoporous MCM-41.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Park, Soo-Jin; Lee, Seul-Yi

    2010-06-01

    The objective of the present work was to investigate the possibility of improving the hydrogen-storage capacity of mesoporous MCM-41 containing nickel (Ni) oxides (Ni/MCM-41). The MCM-41 and Ni/MCM-41 were prepared using a hydrothermal process as a function of Ni content (2, 5, and 10 wt.% in the MCM-41). The surface functional groups of the Ni/MCM-41 were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The structure and morphology of the Ni/MCM-41 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM). XRD results showed a well-ordered hexagonal pore structure; FE-TEM also revealed, as a complementary technique, the structure and pore size. The textural properties of the Ni/MCM-41 were analyzed using N(2) adsorption isotherms at 77 K. The hydrogen-storage capacity of the Ni/MCM-41 was evaluated at 298 K/100 bar. It was found that the presence of Ni on mesoporous MCM-41 created hydrogen-favorable sites that enhanced the hydrogen-storage capacity by a spillover effect. Furthermore, it was concluded that the hydrogen-storage capacity was greatly influenced by the amount of nickel oxide, resulting in a chemical reaction between Ni/MCM-41 and hydrogen molecules. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Corrosión por cloruros del acero de refuerzo embebido en concreto con agregado grueso reciclado y materiales cementantes suplementarios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ramón Corral H

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available Como estrategias contributivas de sustentabilidad en la industria del concreto, en la actualidad se está investigando en mejorar la durabilidad de las estructuras de concreto reforzado, como así también en el reemplazo parcial o total de sus componentes por materiales reciclados. En el caso de las barras de acero, la corrosión se considerada el principal problema de durabilidad del concreto reforzado. En esta investigación, se utilizó agregado grueso de concreto reciclado y materiales cementantes suplementarios subproductos de procesos industriales tales como las cenizas volantes y el humo de sílice para la fabricación de concretos con características de sustentabilidad y para la evaluación de su comportamiento ante la exposición a cloruros. De los especímenes de prueba resultantes, se determinaron los parámetros de resistencia a compresión, resistividad eléctrica, resistencia a la transferencia de carga y resistencia a la penetración del ión cloruro, que especifican los mínimos de las propiedades exigibles a los concreto en acuerdo a normativa para garantizar su durabilidad ante la acción de los cloruros. De los resultados obtenidos, se concluye que el concreto fabricado con 100% de agregado grueso reciclado y materiales cementantes suplementarios mejora su desempeño, en cuanto a resistencia y durabilidad al ser comparado con el concreto convencional.

  12. Espacio, tiempo y materiales en los juegos de la obra de Rodrigo Caro Días geniales o lúdicros (1626: una visión etnomotriz

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vicente Navarro-Adelantado

    2017-01-01

    Full Text Available Este estudio desvela los rasgos representativos de los juegos y su relación con el contexto sociocultural que refleja la obra Días geniales o lúdicros de Rodrigo Caro, del siglo XVII español. Se analizan 59 juegos desde una perspectiva etnomotriz, tomando tres objetos de estudio: material, espacio, y tiempo, desde de la perspectiva de la lógica interna (texto y también desde la óptica de la lógica externa (contexto. Se observan diferencias en los juegos según categorías de edades (infantil, juvenil y adulto y se constata que todavía se encuentran lejos los rasgos que caracterizan al deporte moderno, se emplean pocos materiales de juego de uso especializado y se comparten espacios artificiales y el uso de zonas abiertas, situadas mayoritariamente en la misma localidad, no siendo de uso exclusivo para estos juegos. En relación al tiempo, se observa la ausencia del control y rigidez temporal de los juegos, así como una organización temporal abierta y cerrada respecto al ritmo del calendario festivo.

  13. Hydroisomerization of n-dodecane over Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yun, Soyoung; Park, Young-Kwon; Jeong, Soon-Yong; Han, Jeongsik; Jeon, Jong-Ki

    2014-04-01

    The objective of this study is to evaluate the catalytic potential of Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts in hydroisomerization of n-dodecane. The effects of the Si/Al ratio and platinum loading on the acid characteristics of Al-MCM-48 and the catalytic performance in n-dodecane hydroisomerization were analyzed. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption, and temperature programmed desorption of ammonia. The number of weak strength acid sites on Al-MCM-48 increased with 0.5 wt% platinum loading. The weak strength acid sites of Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts were ascribed to Lewis acid sites, which can be confirmed by NH3-TPD and FTIR spectra of pyridine adsorption. Iso-dodecane can be produced with high selectivity in n-dodecane hydrosisomerization over Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts. This is attributed to the mild acidic properties of Pt/Al-MCM-48 catalysts.

  14. Mejoramiento del comportamiento de suelos y materiales con la incorporación de aditivos no convencionales: evaluación preliminar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Tamayo Tamayo

    1985-01-01

    Full Text Available Es muy poco lo que se puede hacer por conocer las características intrínsecas de los aditivos ya que se trata de productos de composición compleja sobre la cual existe reserva y no se proporciona ninguna información determinante; respecto al campo de aplicación, corre a cargo de los productores. En consecuencia la primera actividad a acometer es la evaluación y verificación de las propiedades y características de los materiales tratados. El objeto de este trabajo es el de presentar los primeros resultados de trabajos de evaluación y verificación que a manera de proyectos de grado se han realizado en el Laboratorio de Ensayo de Materiales de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá.

  15. Flexible DNA Path in the MCM Double Hexamer Loaded on DNA.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hizume, Kohji; Kominami, Hiroaki; Kobayashi, Kei; Yamada, Hirofumi; Araki, Hiroyuki

    2017-05-16

    The formation of the pre-replicative complex (pre-RC) during the G1 phase, which is also called the licensing of DNA replication, is the initial and essential step of faithful DNA replication during the subsequent S phase. It is widely accepted that in the pre-RC, double-stranded DNA passes through the holes of two ring-shaped minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 2-7 hexamers; however, the spatial organization of the DNA and proteins involved in pre-RC formation is unclear. Here we reconstituted the pre-RC from purified DNA and proteins and visualized the complex using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM revealed that the MCM double hexamers formed elliptical particles on DNA. Analysis of the angle of binding of DNA to the MCM double hexamer suggests that the DNA does not completely pass through both holes of the MCM hexamers, possibly because the DNA exited from the gap between Mcm2 and Mcm5. A DNA loop fastened by the MCM double hexamer was detected in pre-RC samples reconstituted from purified proteins as well as those purified from yeast cells, suggesting a higher-order architecture of the loaded MCM hexamers and DNA strands.

  16. Characterization of the MCM homohexamer from the thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon Picrophilus torridus

    Science.gov (United States)

    Goswami, Kasturi; Arora, Jasmine; Saha, Swati

    2015-01-01

    The typical archaeal MCM exhibits helicase activity independently in vitro. This study characterizes MCM from the euryarchaeon Picrophilus torridus. While PtMCM hydrolyzes ATP in DNA-independent manner, it displays very poor ability to unwind DNA independently, and then too only under acidic conditions. The protein exists stably in complex with PtGINS in whole cell lysates, interacting directly with PtGINS under neutral and acidic conditions. GINS strongly activates MCM helicase activity, but only at low pH. In consonance with this, PtGINS activates PtMCM-mediated ATP hydrolysis only at low pH, with the amount of ATP hydrolyzed during the helicase reaction increasing more than fifty-fold in the presence of GINS. While the stimulation of MCM-mediated helicase activity by GINS has been reported in MCMs from P.furiosus, T.kodakarensis, and very recently, T.acidophilum, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an MCM helicase demonstrating DNA unwinding activity only at such acidic pH, across all archaea and eukaryotes. PtGINS may induce/stabilize a conducive conformation of PtMCM under acidic conditions, favouring PtMCM-mediated DNA unwinding coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Our findings underscore the existence of divergent modes of replication regulation among archaea and the importance of investigating replication events in more archaeal organisms. PMID:25762096

  17. Asbestholdige materialer i bygninger

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Wormslev, E.C.; Prebensen, K.

    Anvisningen er et katalog over asbestholdige materialer. Efter en kort vejledning om identifikation af asbestholdige materialer, bringes katalogblade over en lang række produkter eller produktnavne, producent eller importør, anvendelsesområde, anvendelsesperiode, og så vidt muligt oplysninger om...

  18. Análisis de esfuerzos en túneles excavados en materiales con K0 diferente a 1.0

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ricardo E. Barbosa Carrillo

    1984-09-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron las soluciones elásticas para túneles circulares revestidos, excavados en materiales con un estado inicial de esfuerzos σxo=Kσyo se formularon los modelos para resolver el problema utilizando la técnica de los elementos finitos.

  19. Estudio DRX en Materiales Catalizadores Cu-Ni-SiO2 para Hidrogenación de aceite de soya. Desarrollo de estructura cristalina y actividad catalítica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gloria I. Cubillos

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Para buscar elementos experimentales que soporten la hipótesis según la cual se forman estructuras cristalinas Cu-Ni o eventualmente Cu-Ni-SiO2 en la síntesis de catalizadores para la hidrogenación de aceite de soya, se prepararon mezclas de estos tres materiales a partir de sales de los metales con sílice (aerosil. Se calcinaron a 270oC y se redujeron a 330oC en atmósfera de hidrógeno. En  los materiales reducidos se  estudió el difractógrama de RX en el rango 37 a 53 grados, y se comparó con el difractógrama de aleaciones Cu-Ni, en las cuales se conoce la formación  de cristales mixtos, y  con los difractógramas de los elementos puros Cu y Ni.  Los resultados muestran que se presentan señales de difracción diferentes a las señales de los componentes puros. La actividad catalítica se muestra diferente en los materiales que presentan distorsión en su estructura cristalina.  

  20. Matemáticas, materiales manipulativos y rutinas Proyecto para segundo de Primaria

    OpenAIRE

    Fraile-Bravo, Maria

    2017-01-01

    Este trabajo presenta un proyecto que pretende crear una rutina de trabajo en el aula de segundo de primaria, en la cual se trabajen las matemáticas con materiales manipulativos. Esta forma de trabajar tiene el objetivo de mejorar la competencia matemática de los alumnos y fomentar un espacio en el que los alumnos operen con las matemáticas de manera concreta para después llegar al concepto abstracto correspondiente. Todo lo desarrollado en el proyecto se halla fundamentado en ...

  1. An Mcm10 Mutant Defective in ssDNA Binding Shows Defects in DNA Replication Initiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Perez-Arnaiz, Patricia; Kaplan, Daniel L

    2016-11-20

    Mcm10 is an essential protein that functions to initiate DNA replication after the formation of the replication fork helicase. In this manuscript, we identified a budding yeast Mcm10 mutant (Mcm10-m2,3,4) that is defective in DNA binding in vitro. Moreover, this Mcm10-m2,3,4 mutant does not stimulate the phosphorylation of Mcm2 by Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK) in vitro. When we expressed wild-type levels of mcm10-m2,3,4 in budding yeast cells, we observed a severe growth defect and a substantially decreased DNA replication. We also observed a substantially reduced replication protein A- chromatin immunoprecipitation signal at origins of replication, reduced levels of DDK-phosphorylated Mcm2, and diminished Go, Ichi, Ni, and San (GINS) association with Mcm2-7 in vivo. mcm5-bob1 bypasses the growth defect conferred by DDK-phosphodead Mcm2 in budding yeast. However, the growth defect observed by expressing mcm10-m2,3,4 is not bypassed by the mcm5-bob1 mutation. Furthermore, origin melting and GINS association with Mcm2-7 are substantially decreased for cells expressing mcm10-m2,3,4 in the mcm5-bob1 background. Thus, the origin melting and GINS-Mcm2-7 interaction defects we observed for mcm10-m2,3,4 are not explained by decreased Mcm2 phosphorylation by DDK, since the defects persist in an mcm5-bob1 background. These data suggest that DNA binding by Mcm10 is essential for the initiation of DNA replication. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Functional interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and GANP/MCM3AP

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Osman, Waffa; Laine, Sanna; Zilliacus, Johanna

    2006-01-01

    Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory diseases but have a number of side effects that partly are connected to inhibition of cell proliferation. Glucocorticoids mediated their action by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. In the present study, we have identified by two-hybrid screens the germinal center-associated protein (GANP) and MCM3-associated protein (MCM3AP), a splicing variant of GANP, as glucocorticoid receptor interacting proteins. GANP and MCM3AP can bind to the MCM3 protein involved in initiation of DNA replication. Glutathione-S-transferase-pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that the C-terminal domain of GANP, encompassing MCM3AP, interacts with the ligand-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor. Characterization of the intracellular localization of GANP revealed that GANP is shuttling between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we show that glucocorticoids are unable to inhibit DNA replication in HeLa cells overexpressing MCM3AP suggesting a role for both glucocorticoid receptor and GANP/MCM3AP in regulating cell proliferation

  3. Determinación de la presencia de fatiga mecánica en materiales cerámicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Casellas, D.

    1999-04-01

    Full Text Available It is well known that ceramic materials are highly susceptible to environmental assisted subcritical crack growth. In addition, this subcritical crack growth could be also related to cyclic loading (mechanical fatigue. This type of behaviour is not observed either in glasses nor in traditional ceramics. However this phenomena is clearly active in many advanced ceramics. The aim of this work is to obtain a procedure for detecting the presence of cyclic fatigue in ceramic materials. This procedure attempts to obtain cyclic fatigue life estimations and to compare it with the static loading experimental results. Through this comparisons it is possible to asses whether the cyclic fatigue is acting or not. Finally some calculations are conducted in ceramic materials (alumina, mullite and ZTA with natural and indentation flaws.

    Los materiales cerámicos son susceptibles al crecimiento de fisuras por la acción combinada del medio ambiente y la aplicación de carga (fatiga estática. Por otra parte, el crecimiento subcrítico de fisuras en cerámicas también puede ser producido por la aplicación de cargas fluctuantes (fatiga mecánica. Este fenómeno no se observa en vidrios ni en cerámicas monocristalinas, pero si en muchos de los llamados materiales cerámicos avanzados. En este trabajo se describe una metodología utilizada para detectar la presencia de fatiga mecánica en materiales cerámicos, basada en la obtención de estimaciones de la vida a fatiga del material bajo cargas fluctuantes y su comparación con los resultados experimentales bajo carga constante. Este método se ha aplicado a fisuras naturales y de indentación en algunos materiales cerámicos (mullita, alúmina y ZTA.

  4. Kvalitetsvurdering af sundhedsoplysende materiale

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Osler, Merete; Bech, Lars; Sybille, Bojlén

    1990-01-01

    Lægeforeningens Hygiejnekomités arbejdsgruppe vedrørende sundhedsoplysning har udarbejdet en "huskeliste" til brug for en kvalitetsvurdering af skriftligt sundhedsoplysende materiale......Lægeforeningens Hygiejnekomités arbejdsgruppe vedrørende sundhedsoplysning har udarbejdet en "huskeliste" til brug for en kvalitetsvurdering af skriftligt sundhedsoplysende materiale...

  5. Influence of MCM-41 particle on mechanical and morphological behavior of polypropylene

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Na; Shao Yawei; Shi Zhaoxin; Zhang Jing; Li Hongwei

    2008-01-01

    This study investigates the effects of different types of nanoparticles and amount of nanoparticles on morphology and mechanical performance of polypropylene (PP) composites. Three different types of nanoparticles, namely mesoporous MCM-41 (without template), mesoporous MCM-41 (with template), and mesoporous MCM-41, whose pore channels were filled with different flexible polymer inside the pore channels with the aid of supercritical CO 2 are considered. PP composites containing (0.5-5 wt.%) mesoporous MCM-41 were prepared by compounding. The tensile properties of the composites determined as a function of the filler loading and the different types of nanoparticles are found to vary with the different interface between different fillers and the matrix. The results of tensile tests showed that different flexible polymer filled mesoporous MCM-41 nanoparticles could simultaneously provide PP with strengthening and toughening effects at rather low filler content (0.5 wt.%). Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed a good dispersion of the MCM-41-S-PMMA and MCM-41-S-PS particles in the PP matrix and the enhancement of the interface between PP and MCM-41 are obtained

  6. Application of mesoporous Al-MCM-48 material to the conversion of lignin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lee, Hyung Won; Lee, In-Gu; Park, Sung Hoon; Jeon, Jong-Ki; Suh, Dong Jin; Jung, Jinho; Park, Young-Kwon

    2014-04-01

    Al-MCM-48 was applied to the catalytic pyrolysis of lignin for the first time. The pyrolysis reaction and in-situ product were analyzed by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The main products of the non-catalytic pyrolysis of lignin were phenols. The use of Al-MCM-48 increased the production of light phenols considerably. The yields of high-value-added compounds, such as hydrocarbons and aromatics, were also increased by catalytic upgrading. Al-MCM-48 is believed to promote cracking, aromatization and deoxygenation, such as decarbonylation. On the other hand, Si-MCM-48, which has no acid sites, showed lower deoxygenation efficiency than Al-MCM-48. Al-MCM-48 could be regenerated by calcining in air.

  7. El tratamiento de materiales didácticos para el área de las Ciencias Sociales en educación virtual

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Villodre, Silvia Lydia

    2013-04-01

    Full Text Available Aportes de la tesis: Una guía para el diseño de unidades didácticas-UD- y recursos para docentes de Ciencias Sociales que usan un Aula Virtual. Esta guía se materializa en una propuesta metodológica que relaciona los aspectos didácticos, disciplinares y cognitivos correspondientes a la enseñanza/aprendizaje de las CS, y en un prototipo de software educativo, Asistente Virtual- DyPMCS-, para el diseño y producción de materiales didácticos. A fin de superar los obstáculos epistemológicos que surgen en el aprendizaje de las ciencias sociales, DyPMCS propone un conjunto de recursos tecnológicos apropiados, Las pautas diseñadas para el tratamiento de los materiales se basan en la mediación pedagógica, tecnológica y comunicacional, y se originan en el marco de las teorías socio-constructivista, de la inteligencia y del aprendizaje situado. Esta propuesta también es una herramienta válida para el desarrollo de materiales didácticos para aulas tradicionales con el apoyo de TIC.

  8. Tensión superficial: un modelo experimental con materiales sencillos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Esteban Szigety

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta didáctica basada en una actividad experimental utilizando materiales de muy bajo costo, orientada a lograr que los alumnos comprendan e interpreten el fenómeno de tensión superficial conjuntamente con la importancia de la modelización en ciencias. Tiene como objetivo principal de enseñanza acercar al alumno a la mecánica de los fluidos estáticos y las fuerzas intermoleculares, combinando contenidos científicos con cuestiones cercanas al estudiante lo que proporciona una motivación adicional a la reflexión de la investigación científica.

  9. Epoxidation of limonene over Ti MCM 41 and Ti BETA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Cubillos Lobo, Jairo Antonio; Gonzalez Rodriguez, Lina Maria; Montes de Correa, Consuelo

    2002-01-01

    Ti MCM 41 were synthesized and evaluated in the epoxidation of limonene, using peroxide of hydrogen (H 2 O) as agent oxidizer. The characteristic hexagonal phase of Ti MCM 41 was obtained by heating the precursor gel during three days at 100 centigrade degrees. Further heating up to ten days leads to a decrease of this phase. The increase (Ti) in the synthesis gel also decreases that phase. The increase of Ti in the synthesis gel also decreases that phase UV VIS and FTIR spectroscopy indicates that Ti was incorporated in the lattice of Ti MCM 41 as well as, in Ti BETA. SEM micrographs of Ti MCM 41 show that the morphology changes with the Ti loading. Ti MCM 41 was most active than Ti BETA for limonene epoxidation even though both show high selectivity to epoxides

  10. Spherical V-Fe-MCM-48: The Synthesis, Characterization and Hydrothermal Stability.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Qian, Wang; Wang, Haiqing; Chen, Jin; Kong, Yan

    2015-04-14

    Spherical MCM-48 mesoporous sieve co-doped with vanadium and iron was successfully synthesized via one-step hydrothermal method. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, inductively coupled plasma (ICP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra, and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) techniques. Results indicated that the V-Fe-MCM-48 showed an ordered 3D cubic mesostructure with spherical morphology, narrow pore size distribution and high specific surface area. Most of vanadium and iron atoms existing as tetrahedral V 4+ and Fe 3+ species were co-doped into the silicate framework. The particle sizes of V-Fe-MCM-48 were smaller and the specific area was much higher than those of of V-MCM-48. Additionally, the synthesized V-Fe-MCM-48 exhibited improved hydrothermal stability compared with the pure MCM-48.

  11. SiC-dopped MCM-41 materials with enhanced thermal and hydrothermal stabilities

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang, Yingyong; Jin, Guoqiang; Tong, Xili; Guo, Xiangyun

    2011-01-01

    Graphical abstract: Novel SiC-dopped MCM-41 materials were synthesized by adding silicon carbide suspension in the molecular sieve precursor solvent followed by in situ hydrothermal synthesis. The dopped materials have a wormhole-like mesoporous structure and exhibit enhanced thermal and hydrothermal stabilities. Highlights: → SiC-dopped MCM-41 was synthesized by in situ hydrothermal synthesis of molecular sieve precursor combined with SiC. → The dopped MCM-41 materials show a wormhole-like mesoporous structure. → The thermal stability of the dopped materials have an increment of almost 100 o C compared with the pure MCM-41. → The hydrothermal stability of the dopped materials is also better than that of the pure MCM-41. -- Abstract: SiC-dopped MCM-41 mesoporous materials were synthesized by the in situ hydrothermal synthesis, in which a small amount of SiC was added in the precursor solvent of molecular sieve before the hydrothermal treatment. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N 2 physical adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The results show that the thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of MCM-41 materials can be improved obviously by incorporating a small amount of SiC. The structure collapse temperature of SiC-dopped MCM-41 materials is 100 o C higher than that of pure MCM-41 according to the differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Hydrothermal treatment experiments also show that the pure MCM-41 will losses it's ordered mesoporous structure in boiling water for 24 h while the SiC-dopped MCM-41 materials still keep partial porous structure.

  12. A conserved MCM single-stranded DNA binding element is essential for replication initiation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Froelich, Clifford A; Kang, Sukhyun; Epling, Leslie B; Bell, Stephen P; Enemark, Eric J

    2014-04-01

    The ring-shaped MCM helicase is essential to all phases of DNA replication. The complex loads at replication origins as an inactive double-hexamer encircling duplex DNA. Helicase activation converts this species to two active single hexamers that encircle single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). The molecular details of MCM DNA interactions during these events are unknown. We determined the crystal structure of the Pyrococcus furiosus MCM N-terminal domain hexamer bound to ssDNA and define a conserved MCM-ssDNA binding motif (MSSB). Intriguingly, ssDNA binds the MCM ring interior perpendicular to the central channel with defined polarity. In eukaryotes, the MSSB is conserved in several Mcm2-7 subunits, and MSSB mutant combinations in S. cerevisiae Mcm2-7 are not viable. Mutant Mcm2-7 complexes assemble and are recruited to replication origins, but are defective in helicase loading and activation. Our findings identify an important MCM-ssDNA interaction and suggest it functions during helicase activation to select the strand for translocation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01993.001.

  13. Materiales biodegradables en base a proteínas de soja y montmorillonitas

    OpenAIRE

    Echeverría, Ignacio

    2012-01-01

    Entre los biomateriales, las proteínas de soja tienen la capacidad de formar películas comestibles y/o biodegradables. Respecto de los polímeros sintéticos, estas películas proteicas presentan excelentes propiedades barrera a gases, lípidos y aromas; pero comúnmente no muestran propiedades mecánicas y barrera al vapor de agua satisfactorias para aplicaciones prácticas. Con el fin de mejorar la funcionalidad de estas películas, en este trabajo se estudió la obtención de materiales na...

  14. Aprovechamiento de recursos renovables en la obtención de nuevos materiales

    OpenAIRE

    Sandra Liliana Gómez Ayala; Fabián Leonardo Yory Sanabria

    2018-01-01

    La producción de plásticos a nivel mundial presenta cifras abrumadoras debido a que tienen aplicaciones en diferentes campos, desde la medicina hasta la industria de empaques. Uno de los problemas radica en que la materia prima para preparar esos plásticos proviene de fuentes fósiles, los principales responsables de las emisiones de dióxido de carbono a la atmósfera y después de usar esos materiales se desechan y tardan varios años en descomponerse. Otro problema está enfocado hacia la agr...

  15. Immunohistochemical Expression of MCM-2 in Oral Epithelial Dysplasias.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zakaria, Samar H; Farag, Heba A; Khater, Dina S

    2016-03-17

    Oral cancer is one of the most frequent cancers in the world. It arises from epithelial dysplasia. Hence, identifying these lesions in an early stage could prevent their malignant transformation. The aim of the present work was to assess the cell proliferative activity of minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM-2) in oral epithelial dysplastic lesions and to correlate the results with different grades of epithelial dysplasia in an attempt to use MCM-2 in the early detection of malignancy. MCM-2 expression was determined by the nuclear count in a total of 30 oral epithelial dysplastic specimens roughly classified into 10 cases of mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia. Five cases of early invasive squamous-cell carcinomas and 5 cases of epithelial hyperplasia were also included. The MCM-2 immunostaining was found to increase gradually from mild to moderate to severe dysplasia and reached its maximum value in early invasive squamous cell carcinoma. MCM-2 is of prognostic value in cases of oral dysplasia that have a tendency to undergo malignant transformation.

  16. Automated seismic waveform location using Multichannel Coherency Migration (MCM)-I. Theory

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shi, Peidong; Angus, Doug; Rost, Sebastian; Nowacki, Andy; Yuan, Sanyi

    2018-03-01

    With the proliferation of dense seismic networks sampling the full seismic wavefield, recorded seismic data volumes are getting bigger and automated analysis tools to locate seismic events are essential. Here, we propose a novel Multichannel Coherency Migration (MCM) method to locate earthquakes in continuous seismic data and reveal the location and origin time of seismic events directly from recorded waveforms. By continuously calculating the coherency between waveforms from different receiver pairs, MCM greatly expands the available information which can be used for event location. MCM does not require phase picking or phase identification, which allows fully automated waveform analysis. By migrating the coherency between waveforms, MCM leads to improved source energy focusing. We have tested and compared MCM to other migration-based methods in noise-free and noisy synthetic data. The tests and analysis show that MCM is noise resistant and can achieve more accurate results compared with other migration-based methods. MCM is able to suppress strong interference from other seismic sources occurring at a similar time and location. It can be used with arbitrary 3D velocity models and is able to obtain reasonable location results with smooth but inaccurate velocity models. MCM exhibits excellent location performance and can be easily parallelized giving it large potential to be developed as a real-time location method for very large datasets.

  17. Studies on MCM-D pixel-detector-modules

    CERN Document Server

    Flick, T; Gerlach, P; Grah, C; Mättig, P; Rohe, T

    2003-01-01

    In the context of the development of the ATLAS-pixel-detector, a technology for building up the high density interconnects has been studied, the MCM-D (multichip module deposited) technology. Results of building up first assemblies have been reported. MCM-D technology allows to build up assemblies with uniformly segmented sensors. Especially the use of 'equal-sized(-bricked)' sensor geometry has been studied.

  18. MCM: one ring to rule them all.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deegan, Tom D; Diffley, John F X

    2016-04-01

    Precise replication of the eukaryotic genome is achieved primarily through strict regulation of the enzyme responsible for DNA unwinding, the replicative helicase. The motor of this helicase is a hexameric AAA+ ATPase called MCM. The loading of MCM onto DNA and its subsequent activation and disassembly are each restricted to separate cell cycle phases; this ensures that a functional replisome is only built once at any replication origin. In recent years, biochemical and structural studies have shown that distinct conformational changes in MCM, each requiring post-translational modifications and/or the activity of other replication proteins, define the various stages of the chromosome replication cycle. Here, we review recent progress in this area. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

  19. Prognostic significance of MCM2, Ki-67 and gelsolin in non-small cell lung cancer

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Yang, Jun; Tan, Dongfeng; Ramnath, Nithya; Moysich, Kirsten B; Asch, Harold L; Swede, Helen; Alrawi, Sadir J; Huberman, Joel; Geradts, Joseph; Brooks, John SJ

    2006-01-01

    Uncontrolled proliferation and increased motility are hallmarks of neoplastic cells, therefore markers of proliferation and motility may be valuable in assessing tumor progression and prognosis. MCM2 is a member of the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein family. It plays critical roles in the initiation of DNA replication and in replication fork movement, and is intimately related to cell proliferation. Ki-67 is a proliferation antigen that is expressed during all but G 0 phases of the cell cycle. Gelsolin is an actin-binding protein that regulates the integrity of the actin cytoskeletal structure and facilitates cell motility. In this study, we assessed the prognostic significance of MCM2 and Ki-67, two markers of proliferation, and gelsolin, a marker of motility, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 128 patients with pathologically confirmed, resectable NSCLC (stage I-IIIA) were included. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to measure the expressions of these markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues. Staining and scoring of MCM2, Ki-67 and gelsolin was independently performed. Analyses were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of single expression of each marker, as well as the prognostic significance of composite expressions of MCM2 and gelsolin. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were used for statistical analysis. Of the three markers, higher levels of gelsolin were significantly associated with an increased risk of death (adjusted RR = 1.89, 95% CI = 1.17–3.05, p = 0.01), and higher levels of MCM2 were associated with a non-significant increased risk of death (adjusted RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.84–2.20, p = 0.22). Combined, adjusted analyses revealed a significantly poor prognostic effect for higher expression of MCM2 and gelsolin compared to low expression of both biomarkers (RR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.21–4.45, p = 0.01). Ki-67 did not display apparent prognostic effect in this study sample. The results suggest

  20. Implementación de un modelo de capacitación multimedial para brindar orientación alimentaria a los beneficiarios de un programa de ayuda social en México.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Amaya-Castellanos, Maritza Alejandra; Morales-Ruan, María Del Carmen; Uribe-Carvajal, Rebeca; Jiménez-Aguilar, Alejandra; Salazar-Coronel, Araceli Apolonia; Martínez-Tapia, Brenda; Shamah-Levy, Teresa

    2018-03-01

    Introducción: Se implementó un modelo de capacitación en orientación alimentaria para la población beneficiaria y el personal operativo del Programa de Abasto Rural (PAR) de Diconsa, el cual es una iniciativa social de ayuda alimentaria que abastece productos básicos y complementarios, además de brindar capacitación en localidades de alta marginación en México. Objetivo: Documentar la utilización de la Metodología de Capacitación Multimedial (MCM) en el desarrollo de un esquema de capacitación sobre orientación alimentaria y su implementación en la población beneficiaria del PAR, a través de la propia estructura operativa del PAR. Metodología: El modelo se fundamenta en la MCM, integrada por cuatro elementos didácticos e indivisibles que conforman el paquete pedagógico multimedial (PPM), compuesto a su vez por tres videos y rotafolios, material impreso, prácticas y las relaciones interpersonales. Los ejes temáticos fueron: alimentación correcta para una vida saludable, alimentación materno-infantil, elecciones saludables y gasto familiar. El modelo fue replicado en cascada en los tres niveles operativos del PAR (responsables de capacitación, supervisores operativos y beneficiarios del PAR), con un componente de multiplicación horizontal, e implementado como piloto en cuatro estados de México. Resultados: Se observó un cambio positivo sobre los conocimientos en alimentación correcta en todos los niveles de capacitación, principalmente en los beneficiarios del PAR. La evaluación del proceso mostró conocimientos previos de los responsables de capacitación en los temas, buen desempeño como facilitadores, y habilidades de presentación y manejo del grupo de los supervisores operativos. A partir de las evaluaciones y del acompañamiento en la prueba piloto, fueron modificados las actividades, las estrategias y los materiales educativos del PPM. Conclusiones: La capacitación multimedial y la educación nutricional promueven procesos de

  1. Metal-Chelate Immobilization of Lipase onto Polyethylenimine Coated MCM-41 for Apple Flavor Synthesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sadighi, Armin; Motevalizadeh, Seyed Farshad; Hosseini, Morteza; Ramazani, Ali; Gorgannezhad, Lena; Nadri, Hamid; Deiham, Behnaz; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza; Shafiee, Abbas; Faramarzi, Mohammad Ali; Khoobi, Mehdi

    2017-08-01

    An enzyme immobilized on a mesoporous silica nanoparticle can serve as a multiple catalyst for the synthesis of industrially useful chemicals. In this work, MCM-41 nanoparticles were coated with polyethylenimine (MCM-41@PEI) and further modified by chelation of divalent metal ions (M = Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , or Pd 2+ ) to produce metal-chelated silica nanoparticles (MCM-41@PEI-M). Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) was immobilized onto MCM-41, MCM-41@PEI, and MCM-41@PEI-M by physical adsorption. Maximum immobilization yield and efficiency of 75 ± 3.5 and 65 ± 2.7% were obtained for MCM@PEI-Co, respectively. The highest biocatalytic activity at extremely acidic and basic pH (pH = 3 and 10) values were achieved for MCM-PEI-Co and MCM-PEI-Cu, respectively. Optimum enzymatic activity was observed for MCM-41@PEI-Co at 75 °C, while immobilized lipase on the Co-chelated support retained 70% of its initial activity after 14 days of storage at room temperature. Due to its efficient catalytic performance, MCM-41@PEI-Co was selected for the synthesis of ethyl valerate in the presence of valeric acid and ethanol. The enzymatic esterification yield for immobilized lipase onto MCM-41@PEI-Co was 60 and 53%, respectively, after 24 h of incubation in n-hexane and dimethyl sulfoxide media. Graphical Abstract Divalent metal chelated polyethylenimine coated MCM-41 (MCM-41@PEI-M) was used for immobilization of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase catalyzing green apple flavor preparation.

  2. Characterization of a Novel MMS-Sensitive Allele of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcm4+

    Science.gov (United States)

    Ranatunga, Nimna S.; Forsburg, Susan L.

    2016-01-01

    The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is the conserved helicase motor of the eukaryotic replication fork. Mutations in the Mcm4 subunit are associated with replication stress and double strand breaks in multiple systems. In this work, we characterize a new temperature-sensitive allele of Schizosaccharomyces pombe mcm4+. Uniquely among known mcm4 alleles, this mutation causes sensitivity to the alkylation damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). Even in the absence of treatment or temperature shift, mcm4-c106 cells show increased repair foci of RPA and Rad52, and require the damage checkpoint for viability, indicating genome stress. The mcm4-c106 mutant is synthetically lethal with mutations disrupting fork protection complex (FPC) proteins Swi1 and Swi3. Surprisingly, we found that the deletion of rif1+ suppressed the MMS-sensitive phenotype without affecting temperature sensitivity. Together, these data suggest that mcm4-c106 destabilizes replisome structure. PMID:27473316

  3. Gestión de materiales y residuos radiactivos en la Universidad de Tübingen, Alemania

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jose Carlos Mora-Barrantes

    2014-05-01

    Full Text Available Un material radiactivo es toda sustancia o átomo que emite radiaciones ionizantes y no ionizantes; la radiactividad puede ser natural, artificial o inducida. La radiactividad se utiliza en el mundo en ramas de la ciencia como ecología, medicina, agricultura, industria, biología y química. En Costa Rica se usan materiales radiactivos en campos de aplicación industrial, médica y universitaria. Las fuentes radiactivas van desde las de muy baja radiactividad hasta las de muy alta actividad, por ejemplo, Am241 y Ra226, utilizadas en centros universitarios costarricenses. No obstante, si los materiales radiactivos no se manipulan correctamente, pueden tener efectos negativos en la salud y el medio ambiente, por lo tanto es necesario tomar medidas preventivas y protectoras. Costa Rica regula el uso de materiales radiactivos mediante el Decreto Ejecutivo Nº 24037-S., sin embargo, no existe formalmente un plan nacional de manejo y eso limita su gestión en las instituciones donde se utilizan y por ende el tratamiento y disposición final de los residuos. El presente trabajo de investigación analiza la gestión en materiales radiactivos que realiza el Laboratorio de Isotopos y Protección Radiológica de la Universidad de Tübingen, Alemania, mediante la determinación y análisis de diferentes acciones y datos relacionados con 1 aspectos administrativos (manuales, protocolos, normativas y 2 aspectos técnico-operativos (control de la contaminación, infraestructura, equipos y materiales de seguridad, tratamiento de residuos. La información se recopiló y analizó mediante herramientas como cuestionarios, listas de chequeo, entrevistas, visitas de inspección, sesiones de trabajo y revisión de documentos.

  4. La práctica artística del escultor contemporáneo y los materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Teresa González Vicario

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available La escultura ha experimentado en el siglo XX, al igual que la pintura, determinados cambios que han alterado, y a la vez revitalizado, la práctica artística del escultor. El lenguaje de las vanguardias se tradujo en la ruptura con los postulados artísticos anteriores y, consecuentemente, en la aparición de una estética nueva, a lo que también se sumó el progreso científico y tecnológico, con la aparición de materiales y técnicas nuevos que introdujeron cambios radicales. Acercarse a algunos de dichos cambios, que han modificado la práctica artística del escultor, constituye el propósito de este artículo.Sculpture, as painting, has experienced in the Twentyth Century a series of changes that have altered and revitalized the artistic praxis of the Sculptor. The language of modernism produced a rupture with oíd norms and the apparition of a new esthetic. To this we may add the evolution of science and tecnology, which introduced new tecniques and materials in sculpture and produced some radical changes. The purpose of this article is to present some of these changes that have altered the work of the Sculptor.

  5. Transition metal oxide loaded MCM catalysts for photocatalytic ...

    Indian Academy of Sciences (India)

    Transition metal oxide (TiO2, Fe2O3, CoO) loaded MCM-41 and MCM-48 were synthesized by a two-step .... washed consecutively with water and ethanol, and cal- cined at 823 K for 5 .... conversion was observed in 1 h when the reaction was.

  6. ALCOXISILANOS EN LA CONSOLIDACIÓN DE MATERIALES PÉTREOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Isabel del Hierro

    2017-02-01

    Full Text Available El proceso de polimerización inorgánico sol-gel utilizando monómeros del tipo alcoxisilanos como precursores se utiliza con éxito en el proceso de consolidación de materiales pétreos. Fórmulas comerciales con compuestos tetra y alquil trialcoxosilano como principal componentes se utilizan con éxito en la consolidación de la piedra. La baja viscosidad de estos compuestos les permite una elevada penetrabilidad en los poros de la piedra, donde polimerizan mediante un proceso clásico sol-gel formando estructuras muy fuertes con enlaces Si-O, similar a un vidrio amorfo de baja temperatura. En la actualidad se investigan nuevas formulas y nuevos procesos sol-gel para eliminar los dos principales problemas de este tipo de consolidantes, su tendencia a la fractura en los poros de la piedra y su incapacidad para consolidar rocas del tipo calcita.

  7. Blue-green photoluminescence in MCM-41 mesoporous nanotubes

    CERN Document Server

    Shen, J L; Lui, Y L; Cheng, P W; Cheng, C F

    2003-01-01

    Different photoluminescence (PL) techniques have been used to study the blue-green emission from siliceous MCM-41 nanotubes. It was found that the intensity of the blue-green PL is enhanced by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). This enhancement is explained by the generation of twofold-coordinated Si centres and non-bridging oxygen hole centres, in line with the surface properties of MCM-41. On the basis of the analysis of the PL following RTA, polarized PL, and PL excitation, we suggest that the triplet-to-singlet transition of twofold-coordinated silicon centres is responsible for the blue-green PL in MCM-41 nanotubes. (letter to the editor)

  8. Obtención por vía pulvimetalúrgica de materiales compuestos de matriz de aluminio reforzados con nitruros

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Fogagnolo, J. B.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available The use of aluminium metal matrix composites as structural materials is increasing continuously, mainly in the automotive and aerospace industries. The development of new kind of reinforcements is one of the areas of greater interest in current researches. This work investigates the use of nitrides as reinforcement for composite materials, with Al 6061 matrix, obtained by powder metallurgy and extrusion, presenting their microstructural features and their mechanical characteristics.

    La utilización de los materiales compuestos de matriz de aluminio como materiales estructurales está en continuo crecimiento principalmente en la industria automovilística y aeroespacial. El desarrollo de nuevos tipos de refuerzos es una de las áreas de mayor interés en las más actuales investigaciones. Este trabajo investiga el uso de nitruros como refuerzo en materiales compuestos, de matriz de aleación AA6061, obtenidos vía pulvimetalúrgica y extrusión, presentando los aspectos microestruturales y las características mecánicas.

  9. Lysine-Grafted MCM-41 Silica as an Antibacterial Biomaterial.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Villegas, María F; Garcia-Uriostegui, Lorena; Rodríguez, Ofelia; Izquierdo-Barba, Isabel; Salinas, Antonio J; Toriz, Guillermo; Vallet-Regí, María; Delgado, Ezequiel

    2017-09-26

    This paper proposes a facile strategy for the zwitterionization of bioceramics that is based on the direct incorporation of l-lysine amino acid via the ε-amino group onto mesoporous MCM-41 materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) studies of lysine-grafted MCM-41 (MCM-LYS) simultaneously showed bands at 3080 and 1540 cm -1 and bands at 1625 and 1415 cm -1 corresponding to -NH 3+ /COO - pairs, which demonstrate the incorporation of the amino acid on the material surface keeping its zwitterionic character. Both elemental and thermogravimetric analyses showed that the amount of grafted lysine was 8 wt. % based on the bioceramic total weight. Moreover, MCM-LYS exhibited a reduction of adhesion of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria in 33% and 50%, respectively at physiological pH, as compared with pristine MCM-41. Biofilm studies onto surfaces showed that lysine functionalization elicited a reduction of the area covered by S. aureus biofilm from 42% to only 5% (88%). This research shows a simple and effective approach to chemically modify bioceramics using single amino acids that provides zwitterionic functionality, which is useful to develop new biomaterials that are able to resist bacterial adhesion.

  10. Lysine-Grafted MCM-41 Silica as an Antibacterial Biomaterial

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María F. Villegas

    2017-09-01

    Full Text Available This paper proposes a facile strategy for the zwitterionization of bioceramics that is based on the direct incorporation of l-lysine amino acid via the ε-amino group onto mesoporous MCM-41 materials. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR studies of lysine-grafted MCM-41 (MCM-LYS simultaneously showed bands at 3080 and 1540 cm−1 and bands at 1625 and 1415 cm−1 corresponding to -NH3+/COO− pairs, which demonstrate the incorporation of the amino acid on the material surface keeping its zwitterionic character. Both elemental and thermogravimetric analyses showed that the amount of grafted lysine was 8 wt. % based on the bioceramic total weight. Moreover, MCM-LYS exhibited a reduction of adhesion of S. aureus and E. coli bacteria in 33% and 50%, respectively at physiological pH, as compared with pristine MCM-41. Biofilm studies onto surfaces showed that lysine functionalization elicited a reduction of the area covered by S. aureus biofilm from 42% to only 5% (88%. This research shows a simple and effective approach to chemically modify bioceramics using single amino acids that provides zwitterionic functionality, which is useful to develop new biomaterials that are able to resist bacterial adhesion.

  11. Fluoride Stimulates the Proliferation of Osteoclasts in vitro by Upregulating MCM3

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Shengbin Bai

    2016-06-01

    Full Text Available We have previously shown that the expression of the minichromosome maintenance protein 3 (MCM3 gene was upregulated in lymphocytes of patients with skeletal fluorosis. We speculated that increased MCM3 expression may be contribute to osteopathy in patients with skeletal fluorosis. Here, we investigated the effect of fluoride on the proliferation of osteoclasts derived from RAW264.7 cells and the involvement of MCM3. Our MTT assays showed that 0.25 mM NaF markedly stimulated the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. The RT-PCR and immunoblotting assays revealed that 0.25 mM NaF upregulated MCM3 expression in RAW264.7 cells. The MTT assays additionally demonstrated that stimulation with MCM3 potentiated the effect of fluorine on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. These results demonstrated that fluoride at clinical relevant concentration upregulates MCM3 expression in osteoclasts in vitro. We are currently conducting a series of experiments to examine whether increased MCM3 in osteoclasts indeed contributes to osteopathy in skeletal fluorosis.

  12. Una propuesa didáctica con materiales manipulativos para la educación primaria

    OpenAIRE

    Martín, Sagrario

    2012-01-01

    Este artículo trata sobre una experiencia del área de Matemáticas en segundo ciclo de primaria. El objetivo es enseñar y aprender los contenidos de dicha área partiendo de la manipulación de materiales específicos, como juegos, figuras para geometría, fichas para la numeración, relojes de papel… que hemos creado y llevado al aula en el curso escolar 2010/11. La principal conclusión es que los niños se han sentido enormemente motivados en la presentación de los contenidos, que han adquirido de...

  13. Síntesis de nopol a partir de β-pineno y aceite de trementina con el catalizador Sn-MCM-41

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Edwin Alarcón Durango

    2006-01-01

    Full Text Available Se obtuvo nopol mediante la reacción de Prins por condensación de β-pineno y paraformaldehído usando el catalizador Sn-MCM-41. El catalizador se sintetizó por deposición química al vapor de una sal precursora de Sn sobre MCM-41. Las reacciones se realizaron partiendo de β-pineno de alta pureza o aceite comercial de trementina. Se evaluó el efecto de varios parámetros en la selectividad a nopol, tales como: la carga de Sn en el catalizador, la cantidad de solvente y catalizador, la temperatura y el tiempo de reacción. Los catalizadores se caracterizaron por DRX, IR, UV-VIS, absorción atómica y área superficial BET. Usando Sn-MCM-41 con bajas cargas de Sn se alcanzaron rendimientos a nopol cercanos a 100% con β-pineno de alta pureza. Partiendo de trementina como fuente de β-pineno y relaciones equimolares de reactivos, se alcanzaron selectividades a nopol hasta del 93%.

  14. Cuadernia , una herramienta multimedia para elaborar materiales didácticos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gerardo Herrera Gutierrez

    2009-07-01

    Full Text Available Cuadernia es la herramienta con licencia Creative Commons que la Consejería de Educación y Ciencia de Castilla-La Mancha pone a disposición de toda la comunidad educativa para la creación y difusión de materiales educativos digitales con una interfaz y presentación final muy intuitiva y fácil de utilizar. Esta herramienta permite crear cuadernos digitales para utilizar en red o en tu propio ordenador. Los autores son miembros de un proyecto de investigación Authia que colabora con los creadores de Cuadernia http://www.entornosinnovadores.com para adaptar la herramienta y utilizarla en Educación Especial .

  15. Porøse materialer

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Hansen, Ernst Jan de Place

    2000-01-01

    Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM).......Dette undervisningsnotat er en samling af noter, der refererer til den indledende del af kurset Materialmekanik og Porøse materailer på Insitut for Bærende Konstruktiner og Materialer (BKM)....

  16. Suppression of Reserve MCM Complexes Chemosensitizes to Gemcitabine and 5-Fluorouracil.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bryant, Victoria L; Elias, Roy M; McCarthy, Susan M; Yeatman, Timothy J; Alexandrow, Mark G

    2015-09-01

    Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest forms of cancer and is very difficult to treat with conventional chemotherapeutic regimens. Gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil are used in the management of PDAC and act by indirectly blocking replicative forks. However, these drugs are not highly effective at suppressing disease progression, indicating a need for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches. Recent studies indicate that suppression of the MCM helicase may provide a novel means to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents that inhibit replicative fork progression. Mammalian cells assemble more MCM complexes on DNA than are required to start S-phase. The excess MCM complexes function as backup initiation sites under conditions of replicative stress. The current study provides definitive evidence that cosuppression of the excess/backup MCM complexes sensitizes PDAC tumor lines to both gemcitabine and 5-FU, leading to increased loss of proliferative capacity compared with drugs alone. This occurs because reduced MCM levels prevent efficient recovery of DNA replication in tumor cells exposed to drug. PDAC tumor cells are more sensitive to MCM loss in the presence of gemcitabine than are nontumor, immortalized epithelial cells. Similarly, colon tumor cells are rendered less viable when cosuppression of MCM complexes occurs during exposure to the crosslinking agent oxaliplatin or topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide. These studies demonstrate that suppressing the backup complement of MCM complexes provides an effective sensitizing approach with the potential to increase the therapeutic index of drugs used in the clinical management of PDAC and other cancers. ©2015 American Association for Cancer Research.

  17. How MCM loading and spreading specify eukaryotic DNA replication initiation sites.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hyrien, Olivier

    2016-01-01

    DNA replication origins strikingly differ between eukaryotic species and cell types. Origins are localized and can be highly efficient in budding yeast, are randomly located in early fly and frog embryos, which do not transcribe their genomes, and are clustered in broad (10-100 kb) non-transcribed zones, frequently abutting transcribed genes, in mammalian cells. Nonetheless, in all cases, origins are established during the G1-phase of the cell cycle by the loading of double hexamers of the Mcm 2-7 proteins (MCM DHs), the core of the replicative helicase. MCM DH activation in S-phase leads to origin unwinding, polymerase recruitment, and initiation of bidirectional DNA synthesis. Although MCM DHs are initially loaded at sites defined by the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), they ultimately bind chromatin in much greater numbers than ORC and only a fraction are activated in any one S-phase. Data suggest that the multiplicity and functional redundancy of MCM DHs provide robustness to the replication process and affect replication time and that MCM DHs can slide along the DNA and spread over large distances around the ORC. Recent studies further show that MCM DHs are displaced along the DNA by collision with transcription complexes but remain functional for initiation after displacement. Therefore, eukaryotic DNA replication relies on intrinsically mobile and flexible origins, a strategy fundamentally different from bacteria but conserved from yeast to human. These properties of MCM DHs likely contribute to the establishment of broad, intergenic replication initiation zones in higher eukaryotes.

  18. Regulatory focussing of the relevant aspects related to the transport of radioactive materials in Argentina; Enfoque regulatorio de los aspectos relevantes del transporte de materiales radiactivos en Argentina

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Lopez Vietri, J R; Novo, R G; Bianchi, A J [Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear, Buenos Aires (Argentina)

    1999-12-31

    Mercado Comun del Sur, MERCOSUR, International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA, and International Organisation for Standardisation, ISO). (author) [Espanol] Texto completo: El objetivo del presente trabajo es describir sumariamente los aspectos relevantes del transporte de materiales radiactivos en Argentina tratados desde un enfoque eminentemente regulatorio, es decir del punto de vista de su autoridad competente de aplicacion, la Autoridad Regulatoria Nuclear (ARN). En primer lugar, se brinda el marco juridico y reglamentario aplicable al transporte de material radiactivo y las correspondientes autoridades involucradas (ARN, Secretaria de Transporte, y Fuerza Aerea, Prefectura Naval y Armada Argentina). Luego, se ofrece un esquema de las caracteristicas principales de las expediciones de materiales radiactivos, utilizados en actividades del ciclo de combustible nuclear y en medicina, industria e investigacion, que en promedio se efectuan anualmente en Argentina. Mas adelante, el trabajo analiza brevemente los recursos y la forma en que la ARN realiza la verificacion del cumplimiento con la reglamentacion de transporte vigente en el pais. En particular, se explicita algunas de las herramientas fundamentales utilizadas por el sistema con que se lleva acabo tal verificacion: avisos de transporte, bases de datos, licenciamiento de cierto tipo de bultos, expediciones y materiales, auditorias e inspecciones, y regimenes de tasas y de sanciones. Por otra parte, se menciona la experiencia ganada por Argentina en el desarollo, licenciamiento, fabricacion y utilizacion de disenios nacionales de bultos del Tipo B(U) y materiales radiactivos en forma especial (fuentes selladas de cobalto 60 e iridio 192). Asimismo, se describen brevemente las instalaciones para ensayos, con que cuenta el pais, necesarias para llevar a cabo los disenios citados. Por ultimo, el trabajo describe sucintamente las actividades principales de la ARN en el tema, exlusivamente en sus relaciones con organismos

  19. Procesos implicados en el desarrollo de materiales didácticos reutilizables para el fomento de la cultura científica y tecnológica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Sampedro Nuño

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Dentro de la iniciativa de Fomento de la Cultura Científica y Tecnológica, la Universidad de Oviedo ha promovido el desarrollo de Materiales Didácticos Multimedia (MDM en el Área de las Ciencias. Esta acción la ha llevado a cabo un equipo multidisciplinar con un trabajo cooperativo que ha permitido elaborar los diseños de instrucción, diseños gráficos y desarrollo informático de estos materiales. La experiencia previa de nuestro equipo en el desarrollo de MDM nos ha llevado a buscar un modelo de diseño de contenidos que rentabilice el elevado coste de su elaboración y permita una mayor flexibilidad en su uso. Las tendencias actuales en e-learning proponen una solución idónea a esta necesidad en los conceptos de reutilización y repositorio de objetos de aprendizaje. Nuestro equipo ha incorporado estas tendencias en los materiales que elabora con el fin de ofrecer a la comunidad educativa la posibilidad de utilizarlos en distintos contextos.

  20. Evolución Microestructural de Materiales Cerámicos de BaTiO3 Dopados con Antimonio

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Villegas, M.

    1999-10-01

    Full Text Available Ceramic materials based on BaTiO3 modified with small amounts of antimony show interesting electric properties which make them valuable for electronic industry. These properties depend on the microestructure of the material, which is controlled by both the dopant concentration and the doping process. The aim of the present work is to study the microstructure development of Sb-doped BaTiO3 materials for concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.6 mol%. Doping was carried out following two different methods, the traditional mixing of oxides and surface doping starting from Sb(O(CH3CH33. Materials sintered between 1300-1400ºC show quite different microstructure. For surface doped materials, a Sb2O3 concentration of 0.05 mol % leads to well densified matrials with homogeneous fine-grained microstructure. On the other hand, the traditional oxide doped materials show exaggerated grain growth.Los materiales cerámicos basados en titanato de bario con pequeñas cantidades de antimonio, exhiben interesantes propiedades que hacen posible su aplicación en la fabricación de dispositivos electrónicos. Estas propiedades dependen de la microestructura final del material, que está a su vez condicionada por la concentración de dopante y la vía utilizada para su incorporación. En este trabajo se estudia la evolución microestructural de materiales de BaTiO3 dopados con Sb en concentraciones entre 0.05 y 0.60 % mol. El dopado se ha realizado por la vía clásica a partir de Sb2O3 y mediante el proceso de dopado en superficie a partir de Sb(O(CH3CH33. Los materiales sinterizados en el intervalo de temperaturas comprendido entre 1300 y 1400ºC, muestran una microestructura bien diferenciada. Para los materiales dopados en superficie, una concentración equivalente de 0.05 % mol de Sb2O3 permite obtener materiales con elevada densidad y microestructura homogénea con tamaño de grano controlado. En el caso del material dopado por la vía clásica se observa

  1. Preparation and Humidity Sensing Properties of KCl/MCM-41 Composite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Liu; Lian-Yuan, Wang; Wei, Li; Li-Ying, Kou; Zhi-Cheng, Zhong; Li-Fang, Liu

    2010-01-01

    KCl/mobil composition of matter-41 (MCM-41) composite has been synthesized via a heat-treating process and characterized by x-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. In contrast with pure MCM-41, KCl/MCM-41 composite exhibits improved humidity sensing properties within the relative humidity range of 11–95%. The impedance of KCl/MCM-41 composite changes by about four orders of magnitude over the whole humidity range with the response time and the recovery times are about 30 s and 35 s, respectively. Small humidity hysteresis and good stability are also observed based on our product. These results make our product a good candidate in fabricating humidity sensors with high performances and low synthetic complexity

  2. Mecanismos de desgaste en materiales compuestos de matriz acero rápido fabricados por técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gordo, E.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available The development of metal matrix composites has a major interest for automotive and cutting tools industries since they possess better mechanical properties and wear resistance than corresponding base materials. One of the manufacturing methods for these materials includes processing by powder metallurgy techniques. In this case, blending of both, base material and reinforcement powders constitute the most important process in order to achieve a homogeneous distribution of second phase particles. In the present work, composite materials of M3/2 tool steel reinforced with 2.5, 5, and 8 vol% of niobium carbide have been prepared. In order to ensure a homogeneous mix, powders of both materials were mixed by dry high-energy mechanical milling at 200 r.p.m. for 40 h.. After a recovering annealing, two routes for consolidate were followed: (1 die pressing and vacuum sintering, and (2 hot isostatic pressing (HIP. "Pin-on-disc" tests were carried out to evaluate wear behaviour in all the materials. Results show that ceramic particles additions improve wear resistance of base material.

    El desarrollo de materiales compuestos de matriz metálica con refuerzo de partículas cerámicas presenta gran interés para la industria automovilística y de herramientas de corte ya que poseen mejores propiedades mecánicas y de desgaste que los correspondientes materiales base. Uno de los métodos de fabricación de estos materiales incluye su procesado mediante técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas, en las cuales la etapa de mezcla de los polvos del material base con los del material de refuerzo constituye el proceso fundamental para obtener una distribución homogénea de las partículas de refuerzo. En este trabajo, se han preparado materiales compuestos basados en el acero para herramientas M3/2, el cual se reforzó con 2,5, 5 y 7,5%, en volumen, de carburos de Nb. Para conseguir una mezcla homogénea de las partículas de refuerzo, la etapa de mezcla se realizó en

  3. Application of as-synthesised MCM-41 and MCM-41 wrapped with reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide in the remediation of acetaminophen and aspirin from aqueous system.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Akpotu, Samson O; Moodley, Brenda

    2018-03-01

    In this study, ASM41 (as-synthesised MCM-41), MCM-41, MCM-41 encapsulated with graphene oxide (MCM-41-GO) and reduced graphene oxide (MCM-41-G) were fabricated and utilized in the remediation of acetaminophen and aspirin from water. A surfactant template (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) was added to ASM41 to make it more hydrophobic and its effects on the remediation of acetaminophen and aspirin from wastewater was studied. To further improve the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent, MCM-41 was encapsulated with GO and G which also aided in easy separation of the adsorbent from the aqueous solution. Comparative studies of the adsorption of acetaminophen and aspirin on all four adsorbents were investigated. Batch adsorption studies of acetaminophen and aspirin were carried out to determine the effects of pH, initial concentration, time and adsorbent dose. Adsorption mechanism was through EDA, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic effects. Data from sorption kinetics showed ASM41 had the highest q m value for aspirin (909.1 mg/g) and MCM-41-G had the highest q m value for acetaminophen (555.6 mg/g). The significant adsorption by ASM41 can be attributed to increased hydrophobicity due to the retention of the surfactant template. Thermodynamic studies revealed the adsorption process as spontaneous and exothermic. Desorption studies revealed that adsorbents could be regenerated and reused for adsorption. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Diseño de materiales gráficos para ayudar a salvar las barreras físicas y culturales que enfrentan las madres sonorenses al amamantar

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Adriana V. Bolaños

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available El amamantamiento es esencial para alimentar al lactante; si embargo, diversos factores económicos y socioculturales influyen para coartarlo. Es importante identificarlos para desarrollar estrategias de promoción. El objetivo del trabajo fue diseñar y evaluar materiales de consejería, apropiados culturalmente y basados en las barreras que enfrentan madres sonorenses para iniciar y mantener el amamantamiento. Se dio seguimiento y apoyo a un grupo de madres (n = 91 durante cinco meses desde su egreso hospitalario, registrando los motivos por los que se abandona el amamantamiento total o parcialmente. Con esto, se diseñaron cinco materiales impresos para consejería y apoyo al amamantamiento y los modificamos en función de la evaluación en discusiones grupales. Los principales motivos que afectaron el amamantamiento fueron: a la percepción de no llenar al niño o b producir insuficiente cantidad de leche, además de c problemas o dolor en los pechos o pezones. Las dos historietas cortas y los tres tarjetones diseñados, fueron bien aceptados por las madres participantes, considerándolos novedosos, prácticos, entendibles e importantes para la madre que amamanta. La entrega de los materiales podría complementar los programas utilizados por la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Sonora, así como las iniciativas de diversas asociaciones no gubernamentales, para promover el amamantamiento.

  5. Estudio de la degradación de los agregados pétreos durante la vida útil de los pavimentos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Tamayo Tamayo

    1983-01-01

    Full Text Available Día a día se está cuestionando sobre la permanencia de las condiciones que presentan los materiales empleados para la construcción de obras civiles; esto resulta aun más complejo cuando se trata de materiales naturales, no tratados, provenientes de la corteza terrestre. Siempre se parte de una supuesta actividad o estabilidad de los agregados, los cuales son calificados como "inertes"; ahora se acepta plenamente que su comportamiento está lejos de tal condición y más bien encaja dentro del concepto de una acción dinámica que puede ser acelerada o atenuada en los procesos de producción y construcción y durante la vida de servicio. En el presente trabajo se analizan, someramente, los factores incidentes en la resistencia a la degradación que presentan los agregados pétreos y se hace una revisión sobre las evaluaciones que se realizan para tratar de predecir la durabilidad de los mismos y la permanencia de sus características con el tiempo.

  6. Elimination of ketone vapors by adsorption on spherical MCM-41 and MCM-48 silicas decorated with thermally activated poly(furfuryl alcohol)

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Machowski, Kamil [Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków (Poland); Kuśtrowski, Piotr, E-mail: kustrows@chemia.uj.edu.pl [Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków (Poland); Dudek, Barbara [Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków (Poland); Michalik, Marek [Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków (Poland)

    2015-09-01

    Spherical MCM-41 and MCM-48 silicas with different arrangements of mesopores were synthesized in a water–alcohol solution of surfactant by the hard-templating method. The pore structure and morphology of the obtained materials were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of mesoporous silicas was decorated with small amounts of poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), which was introduced by the precipitation polymerization and subsequently thermally activated at 523 K to form stable C=O surface species detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of the PFA/silica composites in the elimination of various ketone (acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone and methyl-isobutyl ketone) vapors was compared to the effectiveness of pristine silicas. It was found that the modification of silicas by thermally degraded PFA enhanced their adsorption capacity. This effect was attributed to the appearance of another type of surface centers (namely carbonyl groups), which beside silanols interact with ketone molecules via hydrogen bonds. DRIFT spectra showed that a ketone molecule is bonded on silanol species in its keto form, whereas on carbonyl functionalities in enol one. - Highlights: • Surface of spherical MCM-type silicas was decorated with poly(furfuryl alcohol). • Thermal degradation of deposited polymer resulted in formation of C=O species. • Carbonyl groups enhanced adsorption capacity of MCM-41 and MCM-48 silicas. • Adsorption of ketones in enol or keto forms was revealed by DRIFT measurements.

  7. Elimination of ketone vapors by adsorption on spherical MCM-41 and MCM-48 silicas decorated with thermally activated poly(furfuryl alcohol)

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Machowski, Kamil; Kuśtrowski, Piotr; Dudek, Barbara; Michalik, Marek

    2015-01-01

    Spherical MCM-41 and MCM-48 silicas with different arrangements of mesopores were synthesized in a water–alcohol solution of surfactant by the hard-templating method. The pore structure and morphology of the obtained materials were confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), low-temperature adsorption of nitrogen and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface of mesoporous silicas was decorated with small amounts of poly(furfuryl alcohol) (PFA), which was introduced by the precipitation polymerization and subsequently thermally activated at 523 K to form stable C=O surface species detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of the PFA/silica composites in the elimination of various ketone (acetone, methyl-ethyl ketone and methyl-isobutyl ketone) vapors was compared to the effectiveness of pristine silicas. It was found that the modification of silicas by thermally degraded PFA enhanced their adsorption capacity. This effect was attributed to the appearance of another type of surface centers (namely carbonyl groups), which beside silanols interact with ketone molecules via hydrogen bonds. DRIFT spectra showed that a ketone molecule is bonded on silanol species in its keto form, whereas on carbonyl functionalities in enol one. - Highlights: • Surface of spherical MCM-type silicas was decorated with poly(furfuryl alcohol). • Thermal degradation of deposited polymer resulted in formation of C=O species. • Carbonyl groups enhanced adsorption capacity of MCM-41 and MCM-48 silicas. • Adsorption of ketones in enol or keto forms was revealed by DRIFT measurements.

  8. Aplicación de materiales orgánicos e inorgánicos en la adsorción de fósforo en un Oxisol

    OpenAIRE

    Daza-Torres,Martha C.; Álvarez-Herrera,Javier G.; Camacho-Tamayo,Jesús H.

    2008-01-01

    Los oxisoles presentan alta fijación de fósforo (P) ocasionada por hidróxidos y óxidos de hierro y aluminio presentes en las arcillas. La aplicación de mezclas de materiales orgánicos e inorgánicos puede ayudar a disminuir dicha fijación. Se utilizaron dos materiales orgánicos (gallinaza y compost) y dos materiales inorgánicos (Cal y Superfosfato triple). Se establecieron un total de trece tratamientos dispuestos en bloques al azar y compuestos por diferentes combinaciones entre fertilizantes...

  9. Non-essential MCM-related proteins mediate a response to DNA damage in the archaeon Methanococcus maripaludis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Walters, Alison D; Chong, James P J

    2017-05-01

    The single minichromosome maintenance (MCM) protein found in most archaea has been widely studied as a simplified model for the MCM complex that forms the catalytic core of the eukaryotic replicative helicase. Organisms of the order Methanococcales are unusual in possessing multiple MCM homologues. The Methanococcus maripaludis S2 genome encodes four MCM homologues, McmA-McmD. DNA helicase assays reveal that the unwinding activity of the three MCM-like proteins is highly variable despite sequence similarities and suggests additional motifs that influence MCM function are yet to be identified. While the gene encoding McmA could not be deleted, strains harbouring individual deletions of genes encoding each of the other MCMs display phenotypes consistent with these proteins modulating DNA damage responses. M. maripaludis S2 is the first archaeon in which MCM proteins have been shown to influence the DNA damage response.

  10. Los portales educativos como fuente de recursos materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felipe Gértrudix Barrio

    2012-04-01

    Full Text Available Los portales educativos por sus características como “distribuidores” de información y “almacenes” de recursos, constituyen para la escuela actual un soporte ideal y eficiente de información relacionado con el mundo educativo. Por otro lado, los portales temáticos educativos, como referente específico de una materia, suponen la plataforma ideal en el que los miembros de un colectivo (profesores, maestros, educadores y familias puedan establecer un punto de encuentro para participar, reflexionar, así como cooperar en la actividad docente incentivando nuevas formas de trabajo en el aula. En este sentido presentamos un ejemplo de portal temático educativo dedicado a la educación musical: MOS.

  11. Optimización y análisis del comportamiento de materiales tratados con cal en carreteras : aplicación a lodos de tuneladora y mezclas bituminosas

    OpenAIRE

    Movilla Quesada, Diana

    2012-01-01

    En esta tesis doctoral se presentan diversos estudios experimentales mediante los cuales se mejoran materiales utilizados en carreteras, tanto en terraplenes como firmes, añadiendo diferentes filleres. Esta tesis está constituida por una compilación de artículos centrados en una misma línea de investigación: Tratamiento de materiales con cal, como material de aportación. Este tratamiento abarca diversos tipos de materiales, desde lodos procedentes de tuneladora que no han sido dispuestos e...

  12. MÉTODOS DE SÍNTESIS DE MICROESFERAS POLIMÉRICAS Y SU USO EN EL PROCESO DE SÍNTESIS DE MATERIALES CERÁMICOS MACROPOROSOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Ortiz-Landeros

    2010-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión general acerca de la síntesis de esferas poliméricas submicrométricas, utilizadas para la fabricación de materiales porosos macroestructurados. Además, se retoman los fundamentos de esta técnica de procesamiento, haciendo hincapié en su versatilidad para la preparación de materiales porosos multifuncionales.

  13. MÉTODOS DE SÍNTESIS DE MICROESFERAS POLIMÉRICAS Y SU USO EN EL PROCESO DE SÍNTESIS DE MATERIALES CERÁMICOS MACROPOROSOS

    OpenAIRE

    José Ortiz-Landeros; Heriberto Pfeiffer

    2010-01-01

    En el presente trabajo se hace una revisión general acerca de la síntesis de esferas poliméricas submicrométricas, utilizadas para la fabricación de materiales porosos macroestructurados. Además, se retoman los fundamentos de esta técnica de procesamiento, haciendo hincapié en su versatilidad para la preparación de materiales porosos multifuncionales.

  14. Materiales y estructuras cerámicas para el diseño de quemadores de gas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marín, R.

    2008-10-01

    Full Text Available Ceramic materials have been extensively used in the production of radiant gas burners since decades. The properties of these materials are well adapted for the development of burners: - High melting temperature, adequate for the high flame temperatures. - Good oxidation resistance, producing a long burner lifetime. - Extremely low thermal expansion coefficient, thus reducing thermo-mechanic stress. - Very low thermal conductivity, with strong temperature gradients through the burner head, thus avoiding flame flash-back. - High radiant efficiency, lowering the fumes temperature and NOx production. - Variety of burner shapes and structures: foams, holed plaques, fibres, etc. allowing to produce different burner types. As a consequence, a strong expansion of the ceramic materials application in the development of gas burners for the domestic, catering, and industrial sectors, has been experienced. From the surface radiant burners to the burners for hydrogen or the porous radiant burners, there is a wide range of possibilities for the design of ceramic gas burners. There is a sole requirement: to find out the proper combination material-structure.

    Los materiales cerámicos han sido utilizados en la fabricación de quemadores radiantes desde largo tiempo atrás. Ello se debe a que las propiedades de los materiales cerámicos resultan muy adecuadas para el desarrollo de quemadores: - Elevado punto de fusión, adecuado para soportar las elevadas temperaturas de la llama. - Elevada resistencia a la oxidación, que confiere a los quemadores larga vida sin degradación. - Muy bajo coeficiente de expansión térmica, que reduce las tensiones termomecánicas. - Muy baja conductividad térmica, con fuertes gradientes de temperatura a través del quemador que evitan el retroceso de llama. - Elevada eficiencia radiante, que reduce la temperatura de los humos y minimiza la producción de NOx. - Facilidad de conformado en diferentes

  15. Catalytic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol Using FeMCM-41 Nanoporous Tubular Reactor

    Science.gov (United States)

    Elamathi, P.; Kolli, Murali Krishna; Chandrasekar, G.

    Iron containing nanoporous MCM-41 (FeMCM-41) with different Si/Fe ratios of 50, 100 and 150 was synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis process. The materials obtained from hydrothermal synthesis were characterized by various physico chemical techniques such as XRD, N2 adsorption, DR UV-vis, EPR and FTIR spectroscopy. XRD analyses of FeMCM-41 materials confirmed the presence of well-ordered crystalline structure. N2 isotherm of FeMCM-41 materials showed type IV adsorption isotherm. EPR and DR UV-vis analysis of FeMCM-41 samples indicates the presence of high tetrahedral coordination at the Si/Fe ratios of 100 and 150. The catalytic performance of FeMCM-41 nano tubular reactor was tested in the liquid phase oxidation of vanillyl alcohol into vanillin using H2O2 (50wt% in water). The reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography in DB-5 capillary column with flame ionization detector. The products were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-Mass spectroscopy. The maximum conversion of vanillyl alcohol (85%) and selectivity towards vanillin (82%) were observed using the catalyst FeMCM-41(100) in 30min at 60∘C. The influence of reaction temperature, reaction time, reactants molar ratio, Si/Fe ratio and amount of catalyst were investigated.

  16. Modified Ta/MCM-41 catalysts for enantioselective oxidation of thioanisole

    OpenAIRE

    Fadhli, Marwa; Khedher, Ilyes; Fraile, José M.

    2015-01-01

    Ta-MCM41 catalysts have been prepared by grafting of Ta(OEt)5 on MCM41, pre-calcined at three different temperatures (550, 650 and 750 °C). These solids have been modified with two chiral ligands: R-(+)-diethyl l-tartrate (DET) and R-(+)-diisopropyl l-tartrate (DIPT). The formation of the chiral tantalum species and their influence on the structure of MCM41 have been studied by several characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR, N2 adsorption isotherms and MAS NMR. The grafted tantalum sp...

  17. Caracterización mecánica de materiales para aplicaciones dentales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pajares, A.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available An study of the damage induced in dental materials and model multilayer systems by masticatory contact stresses, simulated by hertzian indentation test, have been performed. In particular, the nature of induced damage has been identified, and quantified from stressstrain curves and critical loads for yielding or crack initiation. For multilayer systems, test have been numerically simulated using finite element techniques (FEM. FEM simulations complement indentation test, allowing to justify the observed fracture modes from calculated stress fields. Practical implications can be derived from our results, relevant to the design of multilayer structures tolerant to contact damage.

    En este trabajo se ha realizado un estudio del daño introducido en materiales dentales y en sistemas multicapa prototipo cuando soportan las tensiones de contacto que se generan en la boca del paciente, simuladas mediante ensayos de indentación Hertz. En particular, se ha determinado la naturaleza del daño introducido, y se ha procedido a su cuantificación a partir de la obtención de curvas tensión-deformación y cargas críticas para el inicio de la deformación plástica y/o fractura. Además, en el caso del sistema multicapa, los ensayos se han simulado numéricamente mediante el método de elementos finitos (FEM. La simulación FEM es el complemento perfecto a los ensayos Hertz, ya que permite cuantificar el campo de tensiones y por consiguiente justificar los diferentes modos de fractura observados. A partir de los resultados de este estudio se deducen implicaciones de interés práctico para el diseño de materiales multicapa resistentes al daño por contacto.

  18. a través de materiales curriculares adaptados

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Joaquín Mateo Sánchez

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available La heterogeneidad del grupo clase es una de las realidades con la que se enfrenta el profesorado diariamente. Así, los docentes tienen que desarrollar ciertas competencias que les permita avanzar en este nuevo modelo que la sociedad requiere. Elaborar y hacer evolucionar mecanismos de diferenciación es una de esas familias de competencias. El artículo presenta una propuesta de atención a la diversidad en el aula. La apuesta está en elaborar y aplicar materiales de ciencias adaptados a los diferentes niveles de competencia, capacidades y estilos de aprendizaje. Esa propuesta también incide en el aumento del trabajo cooperativo, competencia también fundamental a desarrollar en el profesorado. Nos centramos en el núcleo temático “Cambios químicos” y en el nivel de 3º de ESO

  19. Preparation, characterization and optical properties of Lanthanum-(nanometer MCM-41) composite materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zhai, Q. Z.; Wang, P.

    2008-01-01

    Nanometer MCM-41 molecular sieve was prepared under a base condition by using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template and tetraethyl orthosilicate as silica source by means of hydrothermal method. Lanthanum(III) was incorporated into the nanometer MCM-41 by a liquid phase grafting method. The prepared nano composite materials were characterized by means of powder X-ray diffraction, spectrophotometric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption technique, solid diffuse reflectance absorption spectra and luminescence. The powder X-ray diffraction studies show that the nanometer MCM-41 molecular sieve is successfully prepared. The highly ordered meso porous two-dimensional hexagonal channel structure and framework of the support MCM-41 is retained intact in the prepared composite material La-(nanometer MCM-41). The spectrophotometric analysis indicates that lanthanum exists in the prepared nano composite materials. The Fourier transform infrared spectra indicate that the framework of the MCM-41 molecular sieve still remains in the prepared nano composite materials and some framework vibration peaks show blue shifts relative to those of the MCM-41 molecular sieve. The low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption indicates that the guest locales in the channel of the molecular sieve. Compared with bulk lanthanum oxide, the guest in the channel of the molecular sieve has smaller particle size and shows a significant blue shift of optical absorption band in solid diffuse reflectance absorption spectra. The observed blue shift in the solid state diffuse reflectance absorption spectra of the lanthanum-(nanometer MCM-41) sample show the obvious stereoscopic confinement effect of the channel of the host on the guest, which further indicates the successful encapsulation of the guest in the host. The La-(nanometer MCM-41) sample shows luminescence

  20. Highly stable loading of Mcm proteins onto chromatin in living cells requires replication to unload

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kuipers, Marjorie A.; Stasevich, Timothy J.; Sasaki, Takayo; Wilson, Korey A.; Hazelwood, Kristin L.; McNally, James G.; Davidson, Michael W.

    2011-01-01

    The heterohexameric minichromosome maintenance protein complex (Mcm2-7) functions as the eukaryotic helicase during DNA replication. Mcm2-7 loads onto chromatin during early G1 phase but is not converted into an active helicase until much later during S phase. Hence, inactive Mcm complexes are presumed to remain stably bound from early G1 through the completion of S phase. Here, we investigated Mcm protein dynamics in live mammalian cells. We demonstrate that Mcm proteins are irreversibly loaded onto chromatin cumulatively throughout G1 phase, showing no detectable exchange with a gradually diminishing soluble pool. Eviction of Mcm requires replication; during replication arrest, Mcm proteins remained bound indefinitely. Moreover, the density of immobile Mcms is reduced together with chromatin decondensation within sites of active replication, which provides an explanation for the lack of colocalization of Mcm with replication fork proteins. These results provide in vivo evidence for an exceptionally stable lockdown mechanism to retain all loaded Mcm proteins on chromatin throughout prolonged cell cycles. PMID:21220507

  1. Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Al-MCM-41 via In Situ Aqueous Synthesis

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Alonso-Lemus, I.; Aguilar-Elguezabal, A.; Alvarez-Contreras, L.; Verde-Gomez, Y.

    2010-01-01

    MCM-41 have been used to custom synthesize catalysts in because of the controllable properties, such as pore size, active phase incorporation, crystal size, and morphology, among others. In this paper, a simple and versatile method for the incorporation of platinum, ruthenium, and palladium onto Al-MCM-41 mesoporous silica by direct inclusion of various precursors was studied. M/Al-MCM-41 structure, textural properties, morphology, and elemental composition were analyzed. The results obtained indicate that the Al-MCM-41 mesoporous-ordered structure was not affected by metallic particle incorporation. High-surface areas were obtained (1131 m2/g). Metallic nanoparticles dispersion on Al-MCM-41 was homogeneous for all samples and its particles sizes were between 6?nm to 20 nm. Microscopy results show round shape particles in platinum and palladium samples; however, ruthenium catalysts exhibit a spherical and rod shapes. Electrochemical testing for Pt/Al-MCM-41 showed electrocatalytic activity for H2 oxidation which indicates that these materials can be used as a catalyst in electrochemical devices.

  2. Adsorption of Pb2+ on Thiol-functionalized Mesoporous Silica, SH-MCM-48

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taba, P.; Mustafa, R. D. P.; Ramang, L. M.; Kasim, A. H.

    2018-03-01

    Modification of mesoporous silica, MCM-48, by using 3- mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane has been successfully conducted. MCM-48 and SH-MCM-48 were characterized using XRD and FTIR. SH-MCM-48 was used as an adsorbent of Pb2+ ions from solution. A number of Pb2+ ions adsorbed were studied as the function of time, pH, and concentration. The concentration of the ions after adsorption was determined by an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The removal of the adsorbed ions from the SH-MCM-48 was also studied using several desorbing agents. The result showed that the optimum time was 20 minutes and optimum pH was 4. The adsorption of Pb(II) ion followed the pseudo-second-order with the rate constant of 0,2632 g•mg-1•min-1. Adsorption of Pb(II) ion fitted the Langmuir isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 0,1088 mmol/g. The best desorbing agent to remove the adsorbed ion from SH-MCM-48 was 0.3 M HCl solution with the desorption percentage of 58.6%.

  3. Mechanism of Archaeal MCM Helicase Recruitment to DNA Replication Origins

    Science.gov (United States)

    Samson, Rachel Y.; Abeyrathne, Priyanka D.; Bell, Stephen D.

    2015-01-01

    Summary Cellular DNA replication origins direct the recruitment of replicative helicases via the action of initiator proteins belonging to the AAA+ superfamily of ATPases. Archaea have a simplified subset of the eukaryotic DNA replication machinery proteins and possess initiators that appear ancestral to both eukaryotic Orc1 and Cdc6. We have reconstituted origin-dependent recruitment of the homohexameric archaeal MCM in vitro with purified recombinant proteins. Using this system, we reveal that archaeal Orc1-1 fulfills both Orc1 and Cdc6 functions by binding to a replication origin and directly recruiting MCM helicase. We identify the interaction interface between these proteins and reveal how ATP binding by Orc1-1 modulates recruitment of MCM. Additionally, we provide evidence that an open-ring form of the archaeal MCM homohexamer is loaded at origins. PMID:26725007

  4. MCM-2 expression differentiates potentially malignant verrucous lesions from oral carcinomas.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Niranjan, Kochli Channappa; Sarathy, Niharika Abhay; Alrani, Devendra

    2018-03-13

    Mcm-2 is a biomarker belonging to Mcm family of proteins which has rarely been used in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions of the verrucous type. The objective of this study is to assess the expression of Mcm-2 in Normal Oral Mucosa (NM), Verrucous Hyperplasia (VH), Verrucous Carcinoma (VC) and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) and compare it with the clinicopathological characteristics. A total of 70 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples (10 cases of Normal Mucosa NM- Group A, 10 cases of Verrucous Hyperplasia- VH without Dysplasia- Group B, 10 cases of Verrucous Hyperplasia- VH with Dysplasia- Group C, 20 cases of Verrucous Carcinoma VC-Group D, 20 cases of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma OSCC- Group E) were subjected to immunohistochemistry with Mcm-2 antibody. Statistical analysis was carried out with various tests like ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Chi-Square and Shapiro-Wilk test by using the SPSS software. There was a significant difference in Mcm-2 expression with quantitative analysis among all the groups (p Mcm-2 may be a sensitive proliferation marker in oral potentially malignant and malignant lesions which may be useful for differentiating between VH with/ without dysplasia, VC and OSCC. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  5. Los plásticos en la construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arredondo, Francisco

    1959-06-01

    Full Text Available Not availableAunque la industria de los plásticos no nació hasta el siglo XIX, puede decirse que los romanos utilizaron dichos materiales, pues hoy noticias del uso de la caseína para fijar pigmentos en los papiros.

  6. Necesidades metrológicas en los laboratorios clínicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    John E. Leguizamón

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Los resultados generados por los laboratorios clínicos son elementos claves para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades, así como para el seguimiento de los pacientes, por lo tanto se requiere un control metrológico sobre el proceso de medición, el cual determinará el grado de comparabilidad y de confianza requerido sobre los resultados obtenidos. Esta revisión aborda el tema de comparabilidad de las mediciones y de cómo esta se ve influenciada por factores como la conmutabilidad de los materiales de referencia, los métodos de medición, la disponibilidad de materiales y procedimientos de referencia, además de los intervalos de referencia y límites de decisión para un mensurando en particular. Finalmente se exponen cuáles son los mecanismos adoptados que permitirán garantizar la comparabilidad de las mediciones en esta área.

  7. Synthesis and physicochemical properties of Zr-MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves and Pt/H3PW12O40/Zr-MCM-41 catalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, L.F.; Wang, J.A.; Norena, L.E.; Aguilar, J.; Navarrete, J.; Salas, P.; Montoya, J.A.; Del Angel, P.

    2007-01-01

    For the first time, modifications of the surface and framework of Si-MCM-41 by depositing a heteropolyacid on the surface and by introducing foreign Zr 4+ ions into the framework are investigated. The Zr-modified Si-MCM-41 mesoporous materials (hereafter referred as WSZn, n=Si/Zr=25, 15, 8, 4) were synthesized through a surfactant-templated preparation approach, using low-cost fumed silica as the Si precursor. After impregnation with 25 wt% of H 3 PW 12 O 40 , the surface Broensted acidity of the Pt/H 3 PW 12 O 40 /WSZn catalysts was greatly enhanced by 2-10 times relative to the bare WSZn support. Two kinds of supported heteropolyacids were formed: (i) bulk-like heteropolyacid crystals with unchanged Keggin structures, and (ii) highly dispersed heteropolyacid with distorted Keggin units. The formation of various kinds of heteropolyacid structures is closely related to the interaction between the heteropolyanions and the hydroxyl groups in the host support. - Graphical abstract: Modifications of the surface and framework of Si-MCM-41 by depositing a heteropolyacid on the surface and by introducing foreign Zr 4+ ions into the framework are investigated. Broensted acidity of the Pt/H 3 PW 12 O 40 /Zr-MCM-41 catalysts was greatly enhanced by 2-10 times relative to the bare Zr-MCM-41 support

  8. 78 FR 17996 - MCM Rail Services LLC-Petition for Retroactive Exemption-In Sparrows Point, Md.

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-03-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35707] MCM Rail Services... regarding a petition for an operation exemption submitted by MCM Rail Services LLC (MCM) regarding 12 miles of rail line in Sparrows Point, Md. (the Line). DATES: MCM's supplemental information is due by April...

  9. Effect of template in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline from aqueous solution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Yang, Xinxin; Guan, Qingxin; Li, Wei

    2011-11-01

    The effect of the surfactant template cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in MCM-41 on the adsorption of aniline was investigated. Various MCM-41 samples were prepared by controlling template removal using an extraction method. The samples were then used as adsorbents for the removal of aniline from aqueous solution. The results showed that the MCM-41 samples with the template partially removed (denoted as C-MCM-41) exhibited better adsorption performance than MCM-41 with the template completely removed (denoted as MCM-41). The reason for this difference may be that the C-MCM-41 samples had stronger hydrophobic properties and selectivity for aniline because of the presence of the template. The porosity and cationic sites generated by the template play an important role in the adsorption process. The optimal adsorbent with moderate template was achieved by changing the ratio of extractant; it has the potential for promising applications in the field of water pollution control. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  10. Recycling of surfactant template in mesoporous MCM-41 synthesis

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lai, J. Y.; Twaiq, F.; Ngu, L. H.

    2017-06-01

    The recycling of surfactant template is investigated through the reuse of the surfactant template in the mesoporous MCM-41 synthesis process. In the synthesis of MCM-41, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) solution in water was utilized as the silica source while hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution in ethyl alcohol was used as a surfactant template. The synthesized gel is formed thoroughly by mixing the two solutions under acid conditions with a pH value of 0.5 for 1 hour and kept for crystallization for 48 hours. The as-synthesized MCM-41 powder is recovered by filtration while the filtrate (mother liquor) was then reused for the second synthesis cycle. The synthesis procedure was repeated till no further solid product was formed. The synthesized gel was not produced in the unifying solution in the fifth cycle of MCM-41 synthesis. The quality of the calcined MCM-41 powder produced in each synthesis cycle was evaluated by calculating the amount of MCM-41 produced and the surface area of the powder product. The result showed that 1.28, 0.37, 1.64, 1.90 and 0.037 g were obtained in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th synthesis cycle, respectively. The surface area of the powder produced was found to be 1170, 916, 728, and 508 m2/g for 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th respectively. The concentration of the surfactant template has reached value lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and remained constant after the 4th cycle. There was no further formation of gel due to low availability in the interaction between silicate anions and surfactant cations when the amount of TEOS was fixed for every synthesis cycle.

  11. Highly reusability surface loaded metal particles magnetic catalyst microspheres (MCM-MPs) for treatment of dye-contaminated water

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Liu, Ying; Zhang, Kun; Yin, Xiaoshuang; Yang, Wenzhong; Zhu, Hongjun

    2016-01-01

    The metal-deposited magnetic catalyst microspheres (MCM-MPs) were successfully synthesized by one facile, high yield and controllable approach. Here, the bare magnetic microspheres were firstly synthesized according to the solvothermal method. Then silica shell were coated on the surface of the magnetic microspheres via sol–gel method, and subsequently with surface modifying with amino in the purpose to form SiO_2–NH_2 shell. Thus, metal particles were easily adsorbed into the SiO_2–NH_2 shell and in-situ reduced by NaBH_4 solution. All the obtained products (MCM-Cu, MCM-Ag, MCM-Pd) which were monodisperse and constitutionally stable were exhibited high magnetization and excellent catalytic activity towards dyes solution reduction. The catalytic rate ratio of MCM-Pd: MCM-Cu: MCM-Ag could be 10:3:1. Besides, some special coordination compound Cu_2(OH)_3Br had been generated in the in-situ reduced process of MCM-Cu, which produced superior cyclical stability (>20 times) than that of MCM-Ag and MCM-Pd. In all, those highly reusability and great catalytic efficiency of MCM-MPs show promising and great potential for treatment of dye-contaminated water. - Graphical abstract: Surface loaded metal particles magnetic catalyst microspheres MCM-MPs for rapid decolorizing dye-contaminated water: Synthesis, characterization and possible mechanisms. - Highlights: • A simple and high yield synthetic method for fabricate multi MCM-MPs is proposed with adequately optimize. • The highest reusability of MCM-Cu is attribute to the coordination compounds Cu_2(OH)_3Br. • MCM-MPs show excellent catalytic properties under different situations for various dyes • The catalytic mechanism of MCM-MPs is presented.

  12. Disponibilidad de recursos materiales en el hogar y adquisición de habilidades pre-lectoras

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Laura Andrés

    Full Text Available El aprendizaje de la lectura implica un conjunto de factores que hacen posible su adquisición. Entre estos, se destacan el contexto alfabetizador familiar, entendido como el conjunto de los recursos del hogar que abarcan experiencias en las cuales el niño se encuentra en contacto con eventos que involucran la lectoescritura y la disponibilidad de materiales impresos; además de las habilidades y conocimientos prelectores definidos como precursores de la lectura formal, que tienen sus orígenes en las experiencias tempranas de la vida de un niño. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar y describir las relaciones entre el contexto alfabetizador familiar y el rendimiento en habilidades prelectoras. Para ello se seleccionó una muestra de 88 niños de 5 años de edad, de ambos sexos, y a los cuidadores de los mismos niños a quienes se les administró una entrevista semiestructurada y precodificada denominada Evaluación del Contexto Alfabetizador y la versión en español del Get Ready to Read! Screening Tool de Whitehurst & Lonigan. Los resultados permitieron establecer una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los índices disponibilidad de recursos materiales vinculados a la lectura en el hogar -especialmente el acceso a medios tecnológicos- y el rendimiento en habilidades prelectoras, demostrando la importancia que tienen para la alfabetización las características del medio ambiente en el que se desenvuelve el niño.

  13. Talleres para trabajar la suma y la resta con materiales manipulativos en 1º de Educación Primaria

    OpenAIRE

    González-Górriz, Roser

    2016-01-01

    Las matemáticas forman parte de nuestras vidas, siendo de vital importancia tanto para el mundo de los negocios, el arte, la ciencia y la tecnología como para la resolución problemas y la toma de decisiones en la vida cotidiana (Martínez Padrón ,2005). Los objetivos generales de este trabajo fueron ahondar en el conocimiento de los principales modelos pedagógicos utilizados en el área de matemáticas empleando materiales manipulativos, y estudiar los beneficios que aporta el trabajo con est...

  14. Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and magnetic studies of iron oxide/MCM-41 nanocomposite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Ursachi, Irina; Vasile, Aurelia; Ianculescu, Adelina; Vasile, Eugeniu; Stancu, Alexandru

    2011-01-01

    Highlights: → A quick and facile route for the synthesis of iron oxide/MCM-41 nanocomposite. → Magnetic nanoparticles were stabilized inside the pores of mesoporous silica MCM-41. → The pore size of MCM-41 dictates the properties of iron oxide nanoparticles. → The procedure provides a narrow size distribution of magnetic nanoparticles. - Abstract: Iron oxide nanoparticles were stabilized within the pores of mesoporous silica MCM-41 amino-functionalized by a sonochemical method. Formation of iron oxide nanoparticles inside the mesoporous channels of amino-functionalized MCM-41 was realized by wet impregnation using iron nitrate, followed by calcinations at 550 deg. C in air. The effect of functionalization level on structural and magnetic properties of obtained nanocomposites was studied. The resulting materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction (HRTEM and SAED), vibrating sample and superconducting quantum interface magnetometers (VSM and SQUID) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms measurements. The HRTEM images reveal that the most of the iron oxide nanoparticles were dispersed inside the mesopores of silica matrix and the pore diameter of the amino-functionalized MCM-41 matrix dictates the particle size of iron oxide nanoparticles. The obtained material possesses mesoporous structure and interesting magnetic properties. Saturation magnetization value of magnetic iron oxide nanopatricles stabilized in MCM-41 amino-functionalized by in situ sonochemical synthesis was 1.84 emu g -1 . An important finding is that obtained magnetic nanocomposite materials exhibit enhanced magnetic properties than those of iron oxide/MCM-41 nanocomposite obtained by conventional method. The described method is providing a rather short preparation time and a narrow size distribution of iron oxide nanoparticles.

  15. Effect of MCM09, an active site-directed inhibitor of factor Xa, on B16-BL6 melanoma lung colonies in mice.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Rossi, C; Hess, S; Eckl, R W; di Lena, A; Bruno, A; Thomas, O; Poggi, A

    2006-03-01

    Treatment with anticoagulant drugs has shown potential inhibitory effect on tumor invasion, although the relationship with clotting inhibition was not clear. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential antitumor activity of MCM09, a newly developed, active site-directed, small molecule inhibitor of factor Xa (FXa) [WO0216312], and to relate the findings to anticlotting potency. MCM09 (0.1-10 mg kg(-1)) or heparin (H; 10 mg kg(-1)) was injected intravenously (i.v.), with 5 x 10(4) B16-BL6 melanoma cells, in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were killed after 18 days, to count lung colonies. Ex vivo anticoagulant activity was measured by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) on mouse plasma. MCM09, a selective inhibitor of FXa (IC-50 = 2.4 nm against human FXa), inhibited in a dose-dependent manner B16-BL6 melanoma lung colonies in mice. Mean lung metastasis number was 20.9 +/- 4.8 in controls (n = 10), 1.2 +/- 0.4 in mice treated with H, 10 mg kg(-1) i.v. (P < 0.01), 0.9 +/- 0.3, 9.2 +/- 2.2 and 15.5 +/- 2.6 in mice treated with MCM09, at 10 (P < 0.01), 1 (P < 0.05) and 0.1 mg kg(-1) i.v. (ns), respectively. MCM09 (10 mg kg(-1) i.v.) significantly prolonged APTT (57.1 +/- 10.2 s) 30 min after i.v. injection when compared with controls (25.3 +/- 1.6 s; P < 0.05). Lung colonies were 74.2-72.6% reduced by MCM09 (10 mg kg(-1)) given 60 or 120 min before cells, but not by MCM09 given 60 min thereafter, suggesting a direct cell interaction as a mechanism underlying antitumor activity.

  16. Estudio de la influencia del método de moldeo de materiales cerámicos elaborados a partir de residuos en sus propiedades

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cotes, M. T.

    2013-08-01

    Full Text Available The properties of ceramic materials are intimately related to a variety of factors, among them shaping procedure and sintering time. These factors condition the microstructure and properties of the materials developed. Our study has formed materials from clays commonly used in the area of Bailén (Jaén and sludge proceeding from thewastewater treatment plant. We shaped the materials through pressing and extrusion, the techniques most widely used in the ceramics industry in this region. Our goal is to determine which technique is the most appropriate by studying properties of interest, highlighting the thermal conductivity, such as compressive strength, water absorption, water suction, absolute and apparent density, among others.Las propiedades de los materiales cerámicos están íntimamente relacionadas con diversos factores entre los que destacan, el procedimiento de moldeo y la cinética de sinterización, puesto que condicionan la microestructura y propiedades de los materiales elaborados. En el presente trabajo se han formulado materiales a partir de arcillas comúnmente utilizadas en el área de Bailén (Jaén y lodos procedentes de la depuración de aguas residuales urbanas. Se han moldeado los materiales mediante prensado y extrusión, por ser estas las técnicas más extendidas en la industria cerámica de la zona,con el fin de estudiar cuál de ellasse presenta como la más apropiada, estudiando propiedades de interés destacando la conductividad térmica y otras como: la resistencia a la compresión, la absorción de agua, la succión de agua, la densidad absoluta y aparenteentre otras.

  17. Synthesis of Co/MCM-41catalysts and characterization by XRD, EDX, DTA/TG, SEM and TEM

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sousa, B.V.; Rodrigues, M.G.F.

    2009-01-01

    Full text: In this work, molecular sieve MCM-41 was prepared as well as the Co/MCM-41 catalyst, via humid impregnation with concentration of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% Co/MCM- 41. The attainment of the mesoporous molecular sieve, Si-MCM-41, was confirmed by the x-ray diffractogram. It was verified that after the calcination all the bromine (Br) was removed indicating that the calcination process removed all surfactant in the mesoporous structure. XRD and EDX analyses indicated that cobalt was found in the form of Co3O2 in the Co/MCM-41 catalysts. The diffraction standards showed that the impregnation and calcination processes caused changes in the structure only for catalyst with 10 wt.% Co/MCM-41. The DTA/TG curves showed that cobalt nitrate was totally decomposed on the MCM-41. From the images of SEM, it was possible to observe that the Co/MCM-41 catalysts were composed by clusters of small crystals. The images obtained from TEM showed clearly the presence of metal cobalt particles in a well dispersed form for catalyst with 5 wt.% Co/MCM41, except for the catalyst with 10 wt.% Co/MCM41. (author)

  18. Mechanism insight of pollutant degradation and bromate inhibition by Fe-Cu-MCM-41 catalyzed ozonation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Chen, Weirui; Li, Xukai; Tang, Yiming; Zhou, Jialu; Wu, Dan; Wu, Yin; Li, Laisheng

    2018-03-15

    A flexible catalyst, Fe-Cu-MCM-41, was employed to enhance diclofenac (DCF) mineralization and inhibit bromate formation in catalytic ozonation process. Greater TOC removal was achieved in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 process (78%) than those in Fe-MCM-41/O 3 (65%), Cu-MCM-41/O 3 (73%) and sole ozonation (42%). But it was interesting that both Cu-MCM-41/O 3 and Fe-MCM-41/O 3 achieved 93% bromate inhibition efficiency, only 71% inhibition efficiency was observed in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 . Influence of pH, TBA/NaHSO 3 and detection of by-products were conducted to explore the mechanism. By Pyridine adsorption-IR and XPS, a relationship was found among activity of catalysts, Lewis acid sites and electron transfer effect between Fe (II/III) and Cu (I/II). Fe-Cu-MCM-41 promoted ozone decomposition to generate OH, which accounted for enhanced DCF mineralization. The consumption of aqueous O 3 also suppressed the oxidative of Br - and HBrO/Br - . More HBrO/BrO - accumulated in catalytic ozonation process and less bromate generated. Bromate formation in Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 process was sensitive with pH value, the acidic condition was not favor for bromate formation. Both DCF mineralization and bromate inhibition were influenced by surface reaction. Moreover, Fe-Cu-MCM-41 showed excellent catalytic performance in suppressing the accumulation of carboxylic acid, especially for oxalic acid. Nearly no oxalic acid was detected during Fe-Cu-MCM-41/O 3 process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Inmovilización de enzimas en materiales mesoporosos ordenados

    OpenAIRE

    Serra, Elías M.

    2011-01-01

    En este trabajo se ha pretendido arrojar algo de luz sobre algunos aspectos que afectan a la inmovilización de enzimas en Materiales Mesoporosos Ordenados. La mayor parte del esfuerzo se ha centrado en la inmovilización de la lipasa, sin perder de vista la extensión de las técnicas más exitosas a otras enzimas de interés. En primer lugar se ha establecido la influencia de parámetros texturales y/o químicos de los MMO sobre la inmovilización, mostrando como tanto el tamaño como la forma de ...

  20. Highly reusability surface loaded metal particles magnetic catalyst microspheres (MCM-MPs) for treatment of dye-contaminated water

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Liu, Ying; Zhang, Kun, E-mail: kun4219@njtech.edu.cn; Yin, Xiaoshuang; Yang, Wenzhong; Zhu, Hongjun

    2016-04-01

    The metal-deposited magnetic catalyst microspheres (MCM-MPs) were successfully synthesized by one facile, high yield and controllable approach. Here, the bare magnetic microspheres were firstly synthesized according to the solvothermal method. Then silica shell were coated on the surface of the magnetic microspheres via sol–gel method, and subsequently with surface modifying with amino in the purpose to form SiO{sub 2}–NH{sub 2} shell. Thus, metal particles were easily adsorbed into the SiO{sub 2}–NH{sub 2} shell and in-situ reduced by NaBH{sub 4} solution. All the obtained products (MCM-Cu, MCM-Ag, MCM-Pd) which were monodisperse and constitutionally stable were exhibited high magnetization and excellent catalytic activity towards dyes solution reduction. The catalytic rate ratio of MCM-Pd: MCM-Cu: MCM-Ag could be 10:3:1. Besides, some special coordination compound Cu{sub 2}(OH){sub 3}Br had been generated in the in-situ reduced process of MCM-Cu, which produced superior cyclical stability (>20 times) than that of MCM-Ag and MCM-Pd. In all, those highly reusability and great catalytic efficiency of MCM-MPs show promising and great potential for treatment of dye-contaminated water. - Graphical abstract: Surface loaded metal particles magnetic catalyst microspheres MCM-MPs for rapid decolorizing dye-contaminated water: Synthesis, characterization and possible mechanisms. - Highlights: • A simple and high yield synthetic method for fabricate multi MCM-MPs is proposed with adequately optimize. • The highest reusability of MCM-Cu is attribute to the coordination compounds Cu{sub 2}(OH){sub 3}Br. • MCM-MPs show excellent catalytic properties under different situations for various dyes • The catalytic mechanism of MCM-MPs is presented.

  1. Maspin and MCM2 immunoprofiling in salivary gland carcinomas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Helmy Iman M

    2011-09-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background The pathogenesis of salivary gland carcinomas is very complex and prognostic markers are difficult to find in these carcinomas of which the different subtypes have varying malignant potential. The study was conducted to examine the cellular distribution of maspin and MCM2 in salivary gland carcinomas and their value to predict lymph node metastasis. Materials and methods Fifty three paraffin blocks of different lesions (15 muco-epidermoid carcinoma, 14 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 3 epi-myoepithelial carcinoma, 5 salivary duct carcinoma, 5 malignant pleomorphic adenoma, 6 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma and 5 acinic cell carcinoma were prepared for immunohistochemical staining with maspin and MCM2 antibodies. ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis of the results. Results All salivary gland carcinomas express maspin and MCM2 with variable cellular localization. There was a significant difference in the expression of each antibody between mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. No association was found between examined markers and lymph node metastasis. Conclusions Salivary gland carcinomas express maspin and MCM2 with variable levels and cellular localization, consisting important markers of biological behavior in these tumors. The level of MCM2 expression can be used in the differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. Further study with large sample size is recommended to assess their value in prediction of lymph node metastasis.

  2. NRL 12-Bit, 213 Msps ADC HSAD9 MCM Evaluation Board

    National Research Council Canada - National Science Library

    Thai, Khanh

    1999-01-01

    The MCM Evaluation Board is a 6" by 6" test fixture designed for evaluating the HSAD9 MCM, a completely self contained ADC multichip module that digitizes incoming differential analog signals to 12...

  3. Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications of Metal-Ions Incorporated High Quality MCM-41 Catalysts

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Lim, Steven S.; Haller, Gary L.

    2013-01-01

    Various metal ions (transition and base metals) incorporated MCM-41 catalysts can be synthesized using colloidal and soluble silica with non-sodium involved process. Transition metal ion-typically V 5+ , Co 2+ , and Ni 2+ -incorporated MCM-41 catalysts were synthesized by isomorphous substitution of Si ions in the framework. Each incorporated metal ion created a single species in the silica framework, single-site solid catalyst, showing a substantial stability in reduction and catalytic activity. Radius of pore curvature effect was investigated with Co-MCM-41 by temperature programmed reduction (TPR). The size of metallic Co clusters, sub-nanometer, could be controlled by a proper reduction treatment of Co-MCM-41 having different pore size and the initial pH adjustment of the Co-MCM-41 synthesis solution. These small metallic clusters showed a high stability under a harsh reaction condition without serious migration, resulting from a direct anchoring of small metallic clusters to the partially or unreduced metal ions on the surface. After a complete reduction, partial occlusion of the metallic cluster surface by amorphous silica stabilized the particles against aggregations. As a probe reaction of particle size sensitivity, carbon single wall nanotubes (SWNT) were synthesized using Co-MCM-41. A metallic cluster stability test was performed by CO methanation using Co- and Ni-MCM-41. Methanol and methane partial oxidations were carried out with V-MCM-41, and the radius of pore curvature effect on the catalytic activity was investigated

  4. Antibacterial nanocomposites based on chitosan/Co-MCM as a selective and efficient adsorbent for organic dyes.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Khan, Shahid Ali; Khan, Sher Bahadar; Kamal, Tahseen; Yasir, Muhammad; Asiri, Abdullah M

    2016-10-01

    Chitosan/cobalt-silica (Co-MCM) nanocomposites were synthesized for the purification of effluent by adding 5, 15 and 25mL of Co-MCM solution to the aqueous chitosan solution for the formation of chitosan/Co-MCM-5, chitosan/Co-MCM-15 and chitosan/Co-MCM-25, respectively. These different nanocomposites were characterized by FESEM, EDS, X-ray crystallography and IR spectrophotometer and employed for the adsorption of various dyes (methyl orange, acridine orange, indigo carmine and congo red). The respective nanocomposites showed good adsorption toward methyl orange, indigo carmine and congo red while all nanocomposites were inactive for acridine orange dye. Among the nanocomposites, chitosan/Co-MCM-15 showed the highest adsorption performance which might be due to ideal dispersion of Co-MCM inside the chitosan polymer host. Chitosan/Co-MCM-15 exhibited high adsorption for methyl orange as compared to indigo carmine. We have further checked the biological potential of chitosan/Co-MCM nanocomposites against gram positive and negative bacteria as well as multi drug resistant bacteria. The results favor the strongest bioactivities of chitosan/Co-MCM-15 against various gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as multi drug resistant bacteria, which further suggest the ideal dispersion of Co-MCM in chitosan polymer host and is responsible for the improvement of both adsorption as well as biological performance. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Relationship between the structure of Fe-MCM-48 and its activity in catalytic ozonation for diclofenac mineralization.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Li, Xukai; Chen, Weirui; Tang, Yiming; Li, Laisheng

    2018-05-12

    Fe-MCM-48 catalyst with a three-dimensional cubic pore structure was directly synthesized via a hydrothermal method, and the mineralization efficiency of diclofenac (DCF) in the catalytic ozonation process (Fe-MCM-48/O 3 ) was assessed. X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations revealed that Fe existed in the framework of MCM-48, and Fe-MCM-48 possessed a large surface area and a highly ordered cubic mesoporous structure, which could accelerate reactants and products diffusion. Regarding mineralization efficiency, the addition of Fe-MCM-48 significantly improved total organic carbon (TOC) removal, and approximately 49.9% TOC were removed through the Fe-MCM-48/O 3 process at 60 min, which was 2.0 times higher than that in single ozonation. Due to this catalyst's superior structure, Fe-MCM-48 showed the better catalytic activity compared with Fe-MCM-41 and Fe loaded MCM-48 (Fe/MCM-48, Fe existed on the surface of MCM-48). DCF removal in the Fe-MCM-48/O 3 process was primarily based on ozone direct oxidation. The improvement of mineralization efficiency was attributed to the function of generated hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which indicated that the presence of Fe-MCM-48 accelerated ozone decomposition. Moreover, the negatively charged surface of Fe-MCM-48 and the proper pH value of the DCF solution played an essential role in OH generation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Analysis of the crystal structure of an active MCM hexamer.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Miller, Justin M; Arachea, Buenafe T; Epling, Leslie B; Enemark, Eric J

    2014-09-29

    In a previous Research article (Froelich et al., 2014), we suggested an MCM helicase activation mechanism, but were limited in discussing the ATPase domain because it was absent from the crystal structure. Here we present the crystal structure of a nearly full-length MCM hexamer that is helicase-active and thus has all features essential for unwinding DNA. The structure is a chimera of Sulfolobus solfataricus N-terminal domain and Pyrococcus furiosus ATPase domain. We discuss three major findings: 1) a novel conformation for the A-subdomain that could play a role in MCM regulation; 2) interaction of a universally conserved glutamine in the N-terminal Allosteric Communication Loop with the AAA+ domain helix-2-insert (h2i); and 3) a recessed binding pocket for the MCM ssDNA-binding motif influenced by the h2i. We suggest that during helicase activation, the h2i clamps down on the leading strand to facilitate strand retention and regulate ATP hydrolysis.

  7. Estudio retórico-comunicativo de los debates presidenciales mexicanos (2006

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Felicísimo Valbuena de la Fuente

    2007-01-01

    Full Text Available En su Retórica, Aristóteles distinguió materiales de prueba personal (ethos,argumentales (logos y dramáticos, o de experiencia (pathos. También distinguió entre discursos judiciales, deliberativos y epidícticos o demostrativos. El autor de este trabajo quiere demostrar que la Retórica de Aristóteles sigue vigente analizando los debates presidenciales mexicanos en 2006. Se ocupa de cómo cada candidato se atuvo a las normas de los debates, su concepción del público y cómo emplearon los tres tipos de materiales. Asimismo, ilustra sus afirmaciones con numerosos ejemplos.

  8. Origin Licensing Requires ATP Binding and Hydrolysis by the MCM Replicative Helicase

    Science.gov (United States)

    Coster, Gideon; Frigola, Jordi; Beuron, Fabienne; Morris, Edward P.; Diffley, John F.X.

    2014-01-01

    Summary Loading of the six related Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) proteins as head-to-head double hexamers during DNA replication origin licensing is crucial for ensuring once-per-cell-cycle DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Assembly of these prereplicative complexes (pre-RCs) requires the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC), Cdc6, and Cdt1. ORC, Cdc6, and MCM are members of the AAA+ family of ATPases, and pre-RC assembly requires ATP hydrolysis. Here we show that ORC and Cdc6 mutants defective in ATP hydrolysis are competent for origin licensing. However, ATP hydrolysis by Cdc6 is required to release nonproductive licensing intermediates. We show that ATP binding stabilizes the wild-type MCM hexamer. Moreover, by analyzing MCM containing mutant subunits, we show that ATP binding and hydrolysis by MCM are required for Cdt1 release and double hexamer formation. This work alters our view of how ATP is used by licensing factors to assemble pre-RCs. PMID:25087873

  9. Materiales compuestos biodegradables con usos agronómicos a partir de raíces tuberosas

    OpenAIRE

    Versino, Florencia

    2017-01-01

    Los materiales poliméricos abarcan un amplio abanico de compuestos tanto naturales (proteínas, almidones, etc.) como sintéticos (polietilenos, poliuretanos, resinas epoxy, etc.) cuya versatilidad y fácil procesamiento los ha vuelto adecuados para un gran número de aplicaciones industriales. A raíz de la creciente necesidad de mitigar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, reducir la acumulación de residuos sólidos y disminuir el consumo de recursos no renovables, el interés en el desar...

  10. Clasificación de materiales de construcción

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Galvañ Llopis, Vicente A.

    1986-09-01

    Full Text Available The present work pretends to give a quick answer to a professional request, which is to classificate building materials. With that purpose this work analyses some of the different existing systems of classification, creating an operating system to choose a building material attending its specific properties as a constuction element. Finally, all the information about each material is summarized in a preformated fiche.

    El presente trabajo pretende dar una respuesta ágil a una demanda profesional como es la clasificación de los Materiales. Para ello analiza los diferentes sistemas de clasificación existentes y crea un sistema operativo de selección de un material de construcción, en función de sus propiedades específicas como elemento de construcción. Por último resume todos estos datos en la creación de una ficha modelo.

  11. Phosphopeptide binding by Sld3 links Dbf4-dependent kinase to MCM replicative helicase activation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Deegan, Tom D; Yeeles, Joseph Tp; Diffley, John Fx

    2016-05-02

    The initiation of eukaryotic DNA replication requires the assembly of active CMG (Cdc45-MCM-GINS) helicases at replication origins by a set of conserved and essential firing factors. This process is controlled during the cell cycle by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and Dbf4-dependent kinase (DDK), and in response to DNA damage by the checkpoint kinase Rad53/Chk1. Here we show that Sld3, previously shown to be an essential CDK and Rad53 substrate, is recruited to the inactive MCM double hexamer in a DDK-dependent manner. Sld3 binds specifically to DDK-phosphorylated peptides from two MCM subunits (Mcm4, 6) and then recruits Cdc45. MCM mutants that cannot bind Sld3 or Sld3 mutants that cannot bind phospho-MCM or Cdc45 do not support replication. Moreover, phosphomimicking mutants in Mcm4 and Mcm6 bind Sld3 without DDK and facilitate DDK-independent replication. Thus, Sld3 is an essential "reader" of DDK phosphorylation, integrating signals from three distinct protein kinase pathways to coordinate DNA replication during S phase. © 2016 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

  12. Caracterización electroquímica de dos materiales de implante tipo titanio para aplicaciones en implantología oral

    OpenAIRE

    Echavarría Velásquez, Alejandro Iván; Arroyave Posada, Carlos Enrique

    2002-01-01

    Se presentan los resultados de las evaluaciones electroquímicas para dos materiales de implante certificados para uso odontológico: aleación Ti 6Al 4V (TAV) y titanio comercialmente puro (Ti) en solución de Ringer y en solución de saliva artificial, por medio de las técnicas de espectroscopia de impedancia electroquímica (EIS) y curvas de polarización potenciodinámicas (CP). Los resultados EIS mostraron que los arcos exhibidos en los diagramas de Nyquist disminuyen con el tiempo de inmersión....

  13. MATERIALES POROSOS BASADOS EN ARCILLAS PILAREADAS: CONTROL DE SU ESTRUCTURA PARA APLICACIONES MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y ENERGÉTICAS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Antonio Gil

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available En esta contribución se presentan las metodologías que se utilizan para controlar la estructura desarrollada en las arcillas pilareadas y para evaluar la microporosidad de estos materiales. Las arcillas pilareadas se han aplicado en un gran número de procesos relacionados con la protección del medio ambiente. Los más recientes serán presentados en este trabajo. Particularmente, la separación selectiva de contaminantes presentes en efluentes líquidos y los componentes del biogas, la oxidación completa de COVs, la reducción selectiva de NOx, la oxidación húmeda con peróxido de hidrógeno de aguas residuales y las reacciones de oxidación verde. El resultado de la investigación muestra el gran potencial que presentan las arcillas pilareadas como materiales naturales aplicados en soluciones medioambientales y energéticas. Sus propiedades pueden ajustarse de manera simple y económica según el proceso de aplicación.

  14. Prognostic significance of MCM 2 and Ki-67 in neuroblastic tumors in children.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lewandowska, Magdalena; Taran, Katarzyna; Sitkiewicz, Anna; Andrzejewska, Ewa

    2015-12-02

    Neuroblastic tumors can be characterized by three features: spontaneous regression, maturation and aggressive proliferation. The most common and routinely used method of assessing tumor cell proliferation is to determine the Ki-67 index in the tumor tissue. Despite numerous studies, neuroblastoma biology is not fully understood, which makes treatment results unsatisfactory. MCM 2 is a potential prognostic factor in the neuroblastoma group. The study is based on retrospective analysis of 35 patients treated for neuroblastic tumors in the Department of Pediatric Surgery and Oncology of the Medical University of Lodz, during the period 2001-2011. The material comprised tissues of 16 tumors excised during the operation and 19 biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed with immunoperoxidase using mouse monoclonal anti-MCM 2 and anti-Ki-67 antibodies. We observed that MCM 2 expression ranged from 2% to 98% and the Ki-67 index ranged from 0 to 95%. There was a statistically significant correlation between expression of MCM 2 and the value of the Ki-67 index and a correlation close to statistical significance between expression of MCM 2 and unfavorable histopathology. There was no statistical relationship between expression of MCM 2 and age over 1 year and N-myc amplification. The presented research shows that MCM 2 may have prognostic significance in neuroblastic pediatric tumors and as a potential prognostic factor could be the starting point of new individualized therapy.

  15. Controles alternativos para el gorgojo del frijol (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say en granos almacenados a partir de materiales naturales y minerales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Carlos Ernesto Lopez-Monzon

    2017-03-01

    Full Text Available Con el fin de controlar el daño del gorgojo del frijol [Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say], se evaluó la efectividad en polvo de raíces deshidratadas de chilca (Senecio salignus DC., frutos deshidratados de pimienta negra (Piper nigrum L., fragmentos de madera de pino (Pinus oocarpa Schiede, maíz pulverizado (Zea mays L., cascabillo de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L., cal mezclada con ceniza, y arena de río. Se evaluaron ocho tratamientos, con cuatro repeticiones cada uno, en arreglo totalmente al azar. Los materiales naturales y minerales fueron colectados en el municipio de Malacatancito, Huehuetenango y el ensayo se montó en el laboratorio del Centro Universitario de Nor Occidente (Cunoroc, empleando por réplica un frasco de vidrio con capacidad de 1 L y aplicando a cada uno 100 g de semilla de frijol, 10 parejas de gorgojos adultos y 1 g de polvo de los materiales evaluados, según su tratamiento. El análisis se realizó 60 días después de la infestación, donde se evaluó: el porcentaje de daño del gorgojo del frijol, número de gorgojos vivos, correlación del porcentaje de daño versus número de gorgojos vivos y porcentaje de germinación del frijol. El polvo de pimienta negra y la mezcla de cal con ceniza evidenciaron los mejores resultados con el menor porcentaje de daño (1.64% y 3.55%, respectivamente. Las variables porcentaje de daño y número de gorgojos vivos marcaron una fuerte correlación con valor de r = .892. Se estableció que ninguno de los materiales utilizados influyó en la viabilidad de la semilla, registrándose porcentajes de germinación por arriba del 97% en todos los tratamientos. Se recomienda implementar estos productos en el almacenamiento del frijol, para contrarrestar los daños ocasionados por la plaga, obteniendo así beneficios económicos, sociales y ambientales.

  16. Impacto de los medios de comunicación masiva en una campaña antitabaco

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Sansores Raúl H

    2002-01-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo. Determinar en México el impacto de los medios de comunicación masiva (MCM en el proceso de dejar de fumar. Material y métodos. Evaluamos, entre junio de 1998 y mayo de 1999, el efecto de una campaña en los MCM de México, así como el de estrategias alternas, comparando el promedio mensual de ventas de todos los productos auxiliares para dejar de fumar antes y después del lanzamiento de un Parche Nuevo de nicotina. Se usó t pareada o de Student para comparar las ventas. Resultados. Las ventas totales aumentaron de 24 206±4 558 a 55 604±8 993 (p<0.0001. Estimamos que 1 853 fumadores intentaron dejar de fumar y 96 lo consiguieron diariamente con un solo producto después de la promoción. Estrategias alternas para conseguir resultados similares indican que programas de una institución del sector público podrían conseguir que seis personas dejaran de fumar y 501 lo intentaran diariamente. Conclusiones. Los MCM tienen un efecto poderoso en el proceso para dejar de fumar y la inclusión de más instituciones del sector público podría igualar lo obtenido por el sector privado.

  17. Métodos de síntesis de nuevos materiales basados en metales de transición

    OpenAIRE

    Luz Amparo Palacio Santos

    2004-01-01

    El tema principal de este artículo es la síntesis de sólidos porosos con metales de transición en su estructura y la evolución de las técnicas involucradas, mostrando inicialmente una corta pero ilustrada conceptualización sobre los metales de transición, resaltando la importancia de los óxidos en la obtención de materiales de alta tecnología. Posteriormente, se abordarán los métodos de síntesis con sus características más generales. Esta revisión puede ser de gran utilidad para el lector ...

  18. The PS1 hairpin of Mcm3 is essential for viability and for DNA unwinding in vitro.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simon K W Lam

    Full Text Available The pre-sensor 1 (PS1 hairpin is found in ring-shaped helicases of the AAA+ family (ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities of proteins and is implicated in DNA translocation during DNA unwinding of archaeal mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM and superfamily 3 viral replicative helicases. To determine whether the PS1 hairpin is required for the function of the eukaryotic replicative helicase, Mcm2-7 (also comprised of AAA+ proteins, we mutated the conserved lysine residue in the putative PS1 hairpin motif in each of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mcm2-7 subunits to alanine. Interestingly, only the PS1 hairpin of Mcm3 was essential for viability. While mutation of the PS1 hairpin in the remaining MCM subunits resulted in minimal phenotypes, with the exception of Mcm7 which showed slow growth under all conditions examined, the viable alleles were synthetic lethal with each other. Reconstituted Mcm2-7 containing Mcm3 with the PS1 mutation (Mcm3(K499A had severely decreased helicase activity. The lack of helicase activity provides a probable explanation for the inviability of the mcm3(K499A strain. The ATPase activity of Mcm2-7(3K499A was similar to the wild type complex, but its interaction with single-stranded DNA in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and its associations in cells were subtly altered. Together, these findings indicate that the PS1 hairpins in the Mcm2-7 subunits have important and distinct functions, most evident by the essential nature of the Mcm3 PS1 hairpin in DNA unwinding.

  19. An investigation into the Ti-grafting structure on MCM-41 and epoxidation catalysis

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Yuan, Q.C.; Hagen, A.; Roessner, F.

    2006-01-01

    The structure of titanium species grafted on a purely siliceous MCM-41 and their catalysis in the epoxidation of cyclohexene with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) were investigated. FT-IR, XANES and UV-vis were used for the examination of the Ti-grafted MCM-41. The results indicated...... that the titanium atoms are grafted on the wall surface of the MCM-41 by four-fold coordination. The four-fold coordinated titanium species are mainly grafted by two or one -O-Si-O- bridges on the MCM-41, resulting in so-called bipodal or monopodal titanium centres in partially polymerised states. The ratio...... of monopodal to bipodal titanium increases with the increase in Ti-content. These partially polymerised titanium species considered as catalytic active centres have high activity and selectivity in the epoxidation reaction. The used Ti-grafted MCM-41 samples were regenerated by heating in nitrogen or air...

  20. Functional cooperation between FACT and MCM is coordinated with cell cycle and differential complex formation

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Lin Chih-Li

    2010-02-01

    Full Text Available Abstract Background Functional cooperation between FACT and the MCM helicase complex constitutes an integral step during DNA replication initiation. However, mode of regulation that underlies the proper functional interaction of FACT and MCM is poorly understood. Methods & Results Here we present evidence indicating that such interaction is coordinated with cell cycle progression and differential complex formation. We first demonstrate the existence of two distinct FACT-MCM subassemblies, FACT-MCM2/4/6/7 and FACT-MCM2/3/4/5. Both complexes possess DNA unwinding activity and are subject to cell cycle-dependent enzymatic regulation. Interestingly, analysis of functional attributes further suggests that they act at distinct, and possibly sequential, steps during origin establishment and replication initiation. Moreover, we show that the phosphorylation profile of the FACT-associated MCM4 undergoes a cell cycle-dependent change, which is directly correlated with the catalytic activity of the FACT-MCM helicase complexes. Finally, at the quaternary structure level, physical interaction between FACT and MCM complexes is generally dependent on persistent cell cycle and further stabilized upon S phase entry. Cessation of mitotic cycle destabilizes the complex formation and likely leads to compromised coordination and activities. Conclusions Together, our results correlate FACT-MCM functionally and temporally with S phase and DNA replication. They further demonstrate that enzymatic activities intrinsically important for DNA replication are tightly controlled at various levels, thereby ensuring proper progression of, as well as exit from, the cell cycle and ultimately euploid gene balance.

  1. Application of Mn/MCM-41 as an adsorbent to remove methyl blue from aqueous solution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Shao, Yimin; Wang, Xi; Kang, Yuan; Shu, Yuehong; Sun, Qiangqiang; Li, Laisheng

    2014-09-01

    In this study, the application of Mn loaded MCM-41 (Mn/MCM-41) was reported as a novel adsorbent for methyl blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The mesoporous structure of Mn/MCM-41 was confirmed by XRD technique. Surface area, pore size and wall thickness were calculated from BET equation and BJH method using nitrogen sorption technique. FT-IR studies showed that Mn were loaded on the hexagonal mesoporous structures of MCM-41. It is found that the MCM-41 structure retained after loading of Mn but its surface area and pore diameter decreased due to pore blockage. Adsorption of MB from aqueous solution was investigated by Mn/MCM-41 with changing Mn content, adsorbent dosage, initial MB concentration, contact time, pH and the temperature. Under the chosen condition (25°C, 0.02 g adsorbent dosage, 6.32 pH, 50 mg L(-1) MB, 1 wt.% Mn), a high MB adsorption capacity (45.38 mg g(-1)) was achieved by Mn/MCM-41 process at 120 min, 8.6 times higher than MCM-41. The electrostatic interaction was considered to be the main mechanism for the dye adsorption. The experimental data fitted well to Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms. The adsorption of MB on Mn/MCM-41 followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. The Helicase Activity of Hyperthermophilic Archaeal MCM is Enhanced at High Temperatures by Lysine Methylation.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xia, Yisui; Niu, Yanling; Cui, Jiamin; Fu, Yang; Chen, Xiaojiang S; Lou, Huiqiang; Cao, Qinhong

    2015-01-01

    Lysine methylation and methyltransferases are widespread in the third domain of life, archaea. Nevertheless, the effects of methylation on archaeal proteins wait to be defined. Here, we report that recombinant sisMCM, an archaeal homolog of Mcm2-7 eukaryotic replicative helicase, is methylated by aKMT4 in vitro. Mono-methylation of these lysine residues occurs coincidently in the endogenous sisMCM protein purified from the hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus islandicus cells as indicated by mass spectra. The helicase activity of mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) is stimulated by methylation, particularly at temperatures over 70°C. The methylated MCM shows optimal DNA unwinding activity after heat-treatment between 76 and 82°C, which correlates well with the typical growth temperatures of hyperthermophilic Sulfolobus. After methylation, the half life of MCM helicase is dramatically extended at 80°C. The methylated sites are located on the accessible protein surface, which might modulate the intra- and inter- molecular interactions through changing the hydrophobicity and surface charge. Furthermore, the methylation-mimic mutants of MCM show heat resistance helicase activity comparable to the methylated MCM. These data provide the biochemical evidence that posttranslational modifications such as methylation may enhance kinetic stability of proteins under the elevated growth temperatures of hyperthermophilic archaea.

  3. Oportunidades y perspectivas para PROSISA industria de cintas plásticas al aplicar el material flow management (manejo de flujos materiales)

    OpenAIRE

    Borja Cánnepa, Johanna

    2007-01-01

    En la presente tesis los propósitos principales son la adecuada conceptualización y presentación del manejo de flujos materiales; nueva tendencia que ha generado expectativas en el exterior principalmente en industrias europeas y de Norte América. Además se busca dentro del presente trabajo analizar las connotaciones y oportunidades de la aplicación del manejo de flujos materiales en una empresa especifica de nuestro país, “PROSISA” Productos sintéticos S.A., considerando también las in...

  4. Generación controlada de nanocoloides de plata en materiales silíceos amorfos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gil, C.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Amorphous silica-based materials bulk and superficially doped with silver nanocolloids were prepared. Bulk doped glasses were obtained by conventional melting and doped monolithic slabs by sol-gel. Superficially doped glasses were obtained by ion-exchange and doped coatings by sol-gel. The samples were characterised by TEM and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Depending on the composition, the silver incorporation process, and the thermal treatments, several colourings were obtained. By controlling these parameters, metallic silver nanocolloids can be generated in the matrices studied. Colloids aggregation and growing up depends on the matrix nature and on the experimental process carried out.

    Se prepararon materiales silíceos amorfos dopados con nanocoloides de plata en masa y en superficie. Se obtuvieron vidrios dopados en masa por fusión convencional y láminas monolíticas dopadas por sol-gel. Asimismo se prepararon vidrios dopados superficialmente por cambio iónico y recubrimientos dopados por sol-gel. Los materiales se caracterizaron por MET y espectrofotometría UV-VIS. Dependiendo de la composición del material, del proceso de incorporación de la plata y de los tratamientos térmicos, se obtuvieron diferentes coloraciones. El control de estas variables permitió generar nanocoloides metálicos de plata en las matrices estudiadas. La agregación y crecimiento de los coloides depende de la naturaleza de la matriz y del proceso experimental utilizado.

  5. Translational and rotational dynamics of water in mesoporous silica materials: MCM-41-S and MCM-48-S

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Faraone, Antonio; Liu Li; Mou, C.-Y.; Shih, P.-C.; Copley, John R.D.; Chen, S.-H.

    2003-01-01

    We investigated the translational and rotational dynamics of water molecules in mesoporous silica materials MCM-41-S and MCM-48-S using the incoherent quasielastic neutron scattering technique. The range of wave vector transfers Q covered in the measurements was from 0.27 to 1.93 Aa -1 broad enough to detect both the translational and rotational contributions to the scattering. We used the relaxing-cage models for both translational and rotational motions which we developed earlier, to analyze the QENS spectra and investigated water dynamics in a supercooled range from 250 to 280 K. The results show a marked slowing down of both the translational and rotational relaxation times, and an increasing effect of confinement on the translational motion, as the temperature is lowered

  6. Steam stable mesoporous silica MCM-41 stabilized by trace amounts of Al.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Tompkins, Jordan T; Mokaya, Robert

    2014-02-12

    Evaluation of low and ultralow Al content (Si/Al between 50 and 412) aluminosilicate Al-MCM-41 materials synthesized via three contrasting alumination routes, namely, direct mixed-gel synthesis, post-synthesis wet grafting, and post-synthesis dry grafting, indicates that trace amounts of Al introduced via dry grafting can stabilize mesoporous silica MCM-41 to steaming at 900 °C for 4 h. It was found that trace amounts of Al (Si/Al > 400) introduced via so-called dry grafting of Al stabilize the virtually purely siliceous MCM-41 to steaming, whereas Al incorporated via other methods that involve aqueous media such as direct mixed gel synthesis or wet grafting of Al offer only limited protection at low Al content. It is particularly remarkable that a post-synthesis dry grafted Al-MCM-41 material possessing trace amounts of Al (i.e., Si/Al ratio of 412) and surface area and pore volume of 1112 m(2)/g and 1.20 cm(3)/g, respectively, retains 90% (998 m(2)/g) of the surface area and 85% (1.03 cm(3)/g) of the pore volume after exposure to steaming at 900 °C for 4 h. Under similar steam treatment conditions, the mesostructure of pure silica Si-MCM-41 is virtually destroyed and undergoes a 93% reduction in surface area (958 m(2)/g to 69 m(2)/g) and 88% decrease in pore volume (0.97 cm(3)/g to 0.12 cm(3)/g). The steam stable ultralow (i.e., trace) Al containing MCM-41 materials is found to be virtually similar to mesoporous pure silica Si-MCM-41 with hardly any detectable acidity. The improvement in steam stability arises from not only the presence of trace amounts of Al, but also from an apparent increase in the level of silica condensation that is specific to dry grafted alluminosilicate MCM-41 materials. The more highly condensed framework has fewer silanol groups and therefore is more resistant to hydrolysis under steaming conditions.

  7. MATERIALES POROSOS BASADOS EN ARCILLAS PILAREADAS: CONTROL DE SU ESTRUCTURA PARA APLICACIONES MEDIOAMBIENTALES Y ENERGÉTICAS

    OpenAIRE

    Antonio Gil

    2012-01-01

    En esta contribución se presentan las metodologías que se utilizan para controlar la estructura desarrollada en las arcillas pilareadas y para evaluar la microporosidad de estos materiales. Las arcillas pilareadas se han aplicado en un gran número de procesos relacionados con la protección del medio ambiente. Los más recientes serán presentados en este trabajo. Particularmente, la separación selectiva de contaminantes presentes en efluentes líquidos y los componentes del biogas, la oxidación ...

  8. Estudio del comportamiento de materiales textiles en relación con la electricidad estática

    OpenAIRE

    García Ovejero, Raúl

    2014-01-01

    [ES]Las fibras textiles convencionales no conducen la corriente eléctrica debido a las características de los polímeros que las constituyen; se comportan, por tanto, como aislantes de la corriente eléctrica. Esto hace que los materiales textiles, bien cuando se procesan para su trasformación o bien cuando se utilizan como vestimenta, tengan tendencia a acumular cargas eléctricas como consecuencia del roce de las fibras entre sí o con diversas partes de las máquinas. Este fenómeno, denominado ...

  9. Procesado, estructura y propiedades de materiales compuestos de matriz termoplástica y nanorefuerzos de carbono

    OpenAIRE

    Ramón Valencia, Bladimir Azdrúbal

    2014-01-01

    208 p. El presente trabajo de tesis doctoral está orientado hacia el conocimiento de la relación existente entre los procesos de conformación, estructura y propiedades mecánicas y térmicas de termoplásticos de alto rendimiento mediante la incorporación de nanorefuerzos de tipos carbonoso. En el primer apartado se realizó un estudio comparativo del efecto de las fibras de carbono cortas (FC) y de las nanofibras de carbono (CNF) en los materiales compuestos de matriz de PEEK con el objeto de...

  10. Controlled drug release on amine functionalized spherical MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Szegedi, Agnes; Popova, Margarita; Goshev, Ivan; Klébert, Szilvia; Mihály, Judit

    2012-01-01

    MCM-41 silica with spherical morphology and small particle sizes (100 nm) was synthesized and modified by post-synthesis method with different amounts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A comparative study of the adsorption and release of a model drug, ibuprofen, was carried out. The modified and drug loaded mesoporous materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, N 2 physisorption, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of amino groups in surface modified mesoporous materials by the ninhydrin reaction. Good correlation was found between the amino content of the MCM-41 materials determined by the ninhydrin method and their ibuprofen adsorption capacity. Amino modification resulted in high degree of ibuprofen loading and slow release rate in comparison to the parent non-modified MCM-41. - Graphical abstract: Determination of surface amino groups by ninhidrin method. Highlights: ► Spherical MCM-41 modified by different amounts of APTES was studied. ► Ibuprofen (IBU) adsorption and release characteristics was tested. ► The ninhydrin reaction was used for the quantitative determination of amino groups. ► Stoichiometric amount of APTES is enough for totally covering the surface with amino groups. ► Good correlation was found between the amino content and IBU adsorption capacity.

  11. The JPL telerobotic Manipulator Control and Mechanization (MCM) subsystem

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hayati, Samad; Lee, Thomas S.; Tso, Kam; Backes, Paul; Kan, Edwin; Lloyd, J.

    1989-01-01

    The Manipulator Control and Mechanization (MCM) subsystem of the telerobot system provides the real-time control of the robot manipulators in autonomous and teleoperated modes and real time input/output for a variety of sensors and actuators. Substantial hardware and software are included in this subsystem which interfaces in the hierarchy of the telerobot system with the other subsystems. The other subsystems are: run time control, task planning and reasoning, sensing and perception, and operator control subsystem. The architecture of the MCM subsystem, its capabilities, and details of various hardware and software elements are described. Important improvements in the MCM subsystem over the first version are: dual arm coordinated trajectory generation and control, addition of integrated teleoperation, shared control capability, replacement of the ultimate controllers with motor controllers, and substantial increase in real time processing capability.

  12. Hydroxyapatite/MCM-41 and SBA-15 Nano-Composites: Preparation, Characterization and Applications

    Science.gov (United States)

    Anunziata, Oscar A.; Martínez, Maria L.; Beltramone, Andrea R.

    2009-01-01

    Composites of hydroxyapatite (HaP) and highly ordered large pore mesoporous silica molecular sieves such as, Al-SBA-15 and Al-MCM-41 (denoted as SBA-15 and MCM-41, respectively) were developed, characterized by XRD, BET, FTIR, HRTEM and NMR-MAS, and applied to fluoride retention from contaminated water. The proposed procedure by a new route to prepare the HaP/SBA-15 and HaP/MCM-41, composites generates materials with aluminum only in tetrahedral coordination, according to the 27Al NMR-MAS results. Free OH- groups of HaP nanocrystals, within the hosts, allowed high capacity fluoride retention. The activity of fluoride retention using HaP/MCM-41 or HaP/SBA-15 was 1-2 orders of magnitude greater, respectively, than with pure HaP.

  13. Estrategias de marketing que permitan el incremento de la venta de los servicios que ofrece el Laboratorio de materiales de la PUCE al Sector de la construcción de Quito

    OpenAIRE

    Montero Pardo, Juan Carlos

    2004-01-01

    La presente investigación proporciona estrategias de marketing que permitan incrementar la venta de los servicios que ofrece el Laboratorio de Materiales de la PUCE, al sector de la Construcción de Quito. El contenido del tema está distribuido en cinco capítulos: Capítulo I, Contiene antecedentes, justificación del tema, Misión, Visión, Objetivos Generales y Objetivos Específicos. Capitulo II, Describe el marco teórico del Análisis de la Industria y del sector, análisis de las nec...

  14. Ruta geomonumental : materiales de construcción utilizados en el Monasterio de Santa María de Pelayos de la Presa y antiguas canteras explotadas para la extracción de la piedra granítica (Madrid)

    OpenAIRE

    Fort González, Rafael; López de Azcona, María Concepción; Pérez-Monserrat, Elena Mercedes; Corbo, Stefano; Varas Muriel, María José; Vázquez Calvo, Carmen; Gómez Heras, Miguel; Álvarez de Buergo, Mónica

    2010-01-01

    Las Rutas Geomonumentales suponen una metodología diferente para la difusión cultural y científica del patrimonio arquitectónico, atendiendo a los materiales pétreos, naturales y artificiales, que lo configuran. El prefijo “Geo” indica el fuerte condicionante geológico que tradicionalmente ha influido en los asentamientos urbanos y en su desarrollo, así como la relación existente entre la arquitectura y la geología, en tanto que gran parte de los materiales de construcción se extraen de la ti...

  15. OPTIMIZACIÓN DEL MANEJO DE MATERIALES EN UNA EMPRESA FABRICANTE DE CREMAS DENTALES MEDIANTE MÉTODOS EVOLUTIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ninoska Maneiro Malavé

    2005-06-01

    Full Text Available

    Se presenta un algoritmo evolutivo utilizado para ubicar seis materiales distintos en seis tanques que alimentan dos líneas de producción en una empresa fabricante de cremas dentales. Trabajos previos han demostrado que los algoritmos evolutivos son una herramienta eficiente para la búsqueda y selección de buenas soluciones, en un tiempo de computación aceptable. El algoritmo desarrolado proporciona la mejor localización de los materiales en los tanques,   minimizando

    costos de manejo de materiales y tiempo en la preparación de las líneas para producir cada lote. Así mismo, se pudo comprobar convergencia y  robustez del algoritmo ante varios conjuntos de parámetros.

     

  16. A dominantly acting murine allele of Mcm4 causes chromosomal abnormalities and promotes tumorigenesis.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Bruce N Bagley

    Full Text Available Here we report the isolation of a murine model for heritable T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL called Spontaneous dominant leukemia (Sdl. Sdl heterozygous mice develop disease with a short latency and high penetrance, while mice homozygous for the mutation die early during embryonic development. Sdl mice exhibit an increase in the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes, and T-ALLs from Sdl mice harbor small amplifications and deletions, including activating deletions at the Notch1 locus. Using exome sequencing it was determined that Sdl mice harbor a spontaneously acquired mutation in Mcm4 (Mcm4(D573H. MCM4 is part of the heterohexameric complex of MCM2-7 that is important for licensing of DNA origins prior to S phase and also serves as the core of the replicative helicase that unwinds DNA at replication forks. Previous studies in murine models have discovered that genetic reductions of MCM complex levels promote tumor formation by causing genomic instability. However, Sdl mice possess normal levels of Mcms, and there is no evidence for loss-of-heterozygosity at the Mcm4 locus in Sdl leukemias. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that the Sdl mutation produces a biologically inactive helicase. Together, these data support a model in which chromosomal abnormalities in Sdl mice result from the ability of MCM4(D573H to incorporate into MCM complexes and render them inactive. Our studies indicate that dominantly acting alleles of MCMs can be compatible with viability but have dramatic oncogenic consequences by causing chromosomal abnormalities.

  17. A dominantly acting murine allele of Mcm4 causes chromosomal abnormalities and promotes tumorigenesis.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Bagley, Bruce N; Keane, Thomas M; Maklakova, Vilena I; Marshall, Jonathon G; Lester, Rachael A; Cancel, Michelle M; Paulsen, Alex R; Bendzick, Laura E; Been, Raha A; Kogan, Scott C; Cormier, Robert T; Kendziorski, Christina; Adams, David J; Collier, Lara S

    2012-01-01

    Here we report the isolation of a murine model for heritable T cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL) called Spontaneous dominant leukemia (Sdl). Sdl heterozygous mice develop disease with a short latency and high penetrance, while mice homozygous for the mutation die early during embryonic development. Sdl mice exhibit an increase in the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes, and T-ALLs from Sdl mice harbor small amplifications and deletions, including activating deletions at the Notch1 locus. Using exome sequencing it was determined that Sdl mice harbor a spontaneously acquired mutation in Mcm4 (Mcm4(D573H)). MCM4 is part of the heterohexameric complex of MCM2-7 that is important for licensing of DNA origins prior to S phase and also serves as the core of the replicative helicase that unwinds DNA at replication forks. Previous studies in murine models have discovered that genetic reductions of MCM complex levels promote tumor formation by causing genomic instability. However, Sdl mice possess normal levels of Mcms, and there is no evidence for loss-of-heterozygosity at the Mcm4 locus in Sdl leukemias. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae indicate that the Sdl mutation produces a biologically inactive helicase. Together, these data support a model in which chromosomal abnormalities in Sdl mice result from the ability of MCM4(D573H) to incorporate into MCM complexes and render them inactive. Our studies indicate that dominantly acting alleles of MCMs can be compatible with viability but have dramatic oncogenic consequences by causing chromosomal abnormalities.

  18. Preparation of H3PW12O40/MCM-48 and its photocatalytic degradation of pesticides.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Xia; Li, Yan-zhou; Gan, Qiang; Feng, Chang-gen

    2014-08-01

    A composite catalyst H3PW12O40/MCM-48 was prepared by loading photocatalyst phosphotungstic acid H3PW12O40 (HPW) to molecular sieve MCM-48 by impregnation method, and its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, small angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, nitrogen adsorption analysis and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. Photocatalytic degradation activities of HPW/MCM-48 against pesticides imidacloprid and paraquat were evaluated under UV radiation (365 nm). The results show that HPW/MCM-48 maintains the mesoprous molecular sieve structure of MCM-48 and the Keggin structure of HPW, while the BET surface area is 793.35 m2 x g(-1), pore volume is 1.46 cm3 x g(-1), average pore diameter is 2.76 nm, suggesting loading HPW on MCM-48 is a considerable way to improve its surface area. After 14 h UV irradiation (365 nm), 57.38% imidacloprid and 63.79% paraquat were degraded by 20 mg HPW/MCM-48 catalyst, while HPW and blank group degraded the two pesticides at the degradation rate of about 25% and 5%, respectively. Implying loading on MCM-48 could greaterly improve the degradation activity of HPW. The reslut of degradation kinetics show that, the degradation process of HPW/MCM-48 fits first order kinetics equation. The rate constant Ka of HPW/MCM-48 toward imidacloprid and paraquat are 0.089 h and 0.117 h, with the half-life t(1/2) of 7.8 h and 5.9 h, respectively.

  19. Structure and photocatalytic activity studies of TiO2-supported over Ce-modified Al-MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Krishna Reddy, Jakkidi; Durgakumari, Valluri; Subrahmanyam, Machiraju; Sreedhar, Bojja

    2009-01-01

    Ce-Al-MCM-41, TiO 2 /Al-MCM-41 and TiO 2 /Ce-Al-MCM-41 materials with varying contents of Ce (by impregnation) and TiO 2 loaded (by solid-state dispersion) on Al-MCM-41 support are prepared. The Ce modified and TiO 2 loaded composite systems are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The DRS and XPS of low Ce content (0.2-0.5 wt.%) modified Al-MCM-41 samples are showing more characteristic of Ce 3+ species wherein cerium in interaction with Al-MCM-41 and that of high Ce (0.8, 3.0 wt.%) content modified samples are showing the characteristic of both Ce 4+ and Ce 3+ species. A series of Ce-modified Al-MCM-41 and TiO 2 loaded composite catalysts are evaluated for photocatalytic degradation of phenol under UV irradiation. Low Ce content in Ce 3+ state on Al-MCM-41 is showing good photoactivity in comparison with high Ce content samples and pure ceria. The composite TiO 2 /Ce-Al-MCM-41 is showing enhanced degradation activity due decreased rate of electron-hole recombination on TiO 2 surface by the redox properties of cerium. The photocatalyst TiO 2 /Ce-Al-MCM-41 with an optimum of 10 wt.% TiO 2 and 0.3 wt.% Ce is showing maximum phenol degradation activity. The possible mechanism of phenol degradation on the composite photocatalyst is proposed.

  20. Análisis del impacto ambiental asociado a los materiales de construcción empleados en las viviendas de bajo coste del programa 10 x10 Con Techo-Chiapas del CYTED

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cuchí Burgos, Albert

    2008-03-01

    Full Text Available The objective of the present work is the analysis of the environmental impact of the construction materials used in the building of ten low cost houses constructed within the Program 10x10 With Roof- Chiapas, propose by the investigators of the Ibero- American Program of Science and Technology for Development (CYTED, to verify if these technological proposals of roof are environmentally more sustainable than the constructive system of the roof most demanded in the central region of Chiapas. With the support of the environmental information provided in the database BEDEC PR/PCT of the Institute of the Construction of Catalonia (ITeC, and following the methodological pattern applied in the analysis of the environmental impact of the constructive materials in Lanzarote’s island, there has been evaluated every constructive product of the above mentioned housings along their life cycle assessment (LCA, with the purpose of specifying the interaction of the products with the environment: the energy cost and emissions of CO2. The obtained results show us that the technologies which material bases are the common brick and mortar, the concrete and the ferrocemento do not represent a signifi cant saving in the employment of the quantities of materials in the roofs of arid, cement, steel and water, and in consequence, prove with similar environmental impacts to the reference housing. Using quantities of energy and generating emissions of CO2 higher to the resultants in the construction of the roofs with wooden structures and ceramic tiles.El objetivo del presente trabajo es el análisis del impacto ambiental de los materiales de construcción utilizados en la edifi cación de las diez viviendas de bajo coste construidas dentro del Programa 10x10 Con Techo-Chiapas, propuestas por los investigadores del Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED, para verifi car si estas propuestas tecnológicas de techumbres son

  1. Innovación en materiales a partir de desechos.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Arq. Marta Edith Yajnes

    2015-12-01

    Full Text Available El CEP FADU–UBA funciona desde el año 1986 bajo la dirección del Arq. Carlos Levinton. A través de los años ha colaborado con la comunidad en resolver situaciones relacionadas con manejo de riesgo y remediación habitacional en ocasión de desastres (Levinton, Caruso, Yajnes, 2012. Además se realiza en el Centro Investigación y Docencia en Innovación sobre Materiales Sostenibles de Construcción con Residuos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU y Residuos de Construcción y Demolición (RCD, Vivienda Saludable y Capacitación a Cooperativas, a través de un programa de creación de Empleos Verdes. Se describe aquí la experiencia de las Arqs. Yajnes y Caruso durante el desarrollo de los Proyectos SI que dirigen (sin presupuesto asignado y la evolución de los mismos hasta la aplicación a casos reales. Se trata de un bloque de cerramiento fabricado con RCD y de un cielorraso de placas de papel cemento con fabricación y colocación en una vivienda

  2. El cemento y el concreto de los mayas

    OpenAIRE

    Horacio Ramírez de Alba; Ramiro Pérez Campos; Heriberto Díaz Coutiño

    1999-01-01

    Se realiza un estudio técnico sobre los materiales utilizados por los constructores mayas, quienes lograron obras cuyos vestigios maravillan hoy al mundo. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al realizar pruebas físicas y químicas en muestras de estucos, morteros y concretos provenientes de zonas arqueológicas, principalmente Palenque y Yaxchilán, en el estado de Chiapas, México.

  3. Uso de mosquiteros y otros materiales impregnados con insecticida para el control de la malaria en las Américas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. H. Zimmerman

    1997-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente artículo se analiza el uso actual de mosquiteros y de otros materiales impregnados con insecticida en las Américas. Se examinan diversos estudios efectuados en Brasil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Perú, Suriname y Venezuela y se llega a la conclusión de que, en su mayor parte, estos estudios adolecen de graves deficiencias de diseño experimental, problemas de excesiva brevedad, y medición inadecuada de indicadores de salud. En el análisis se resalta la gran dificultad de llevar a cabo estudios científicos que buscan determinar el efecto de los materiales tratados con insecticida en la incidencia de malaria. En particular, la baja incidencia de malaria en las Américas, la elevada prevalencia de Plasmodium vivax y de casos recurrentes, y la relación existente entre los patrones de actividad del ser humano y los hábitos de picadura crepusculares de ciertos vectores de la malaria impiden hacer experimentos de fácil diseño y ejecución. Por ahora sería prematuro usar mosquiteros u otros materiales impregnados con insecticida como componentes principales de un programa integral para el control de la malaria. No obstante, se recomienda que se considere la posibilidad de realizar ensayos e intervenciones bien diseñados a gran escala, siempre que se basen en un conocimiento profundo de la dinámica de la transmisión de la malaria en la zona en estudio.

  4. GINS complex protein Sld5 recruits SIK1 to activate MCM helicase during DNA replication.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Joshi, Kiranmai; Shah, Varun Jayeshkumar; Maddika, Subbareddy

    2016-12-01

    In eukaryotes, proper loading and activation of MCM helicase at chromosomal origins plays a central role in DNA replication. Activation of MCM helicase requires its association with CDC45-GINS complex, but the mechanism of how this complex activates MCM helicase is poorly understood. Here we identified SIK1 (salt-inducible kinase 1), an AMPK related protein kinase, as a molecular link that connects GINS complex with MCM helicase activity. We demonstrated that Sld5 a component of GINS complex interacts with SIK1 and recruits it to the sites of DNA replication at the onset of S phase. Depletion of SIK1 leads to defective DNA replication. Further, we showed that SIK1 phosphorylates MCM2 at five conserved residues at its N-terminus, which is essential for the activation of MCM helicase. Collectively, our results suggest SIK1 as a novel integral component of CMG replicative helicase during eukaryotic DNA replication. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Diseño y fabricación de ladrillo reutilizando materiales a base de PET

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alejandro David Martínez Amariz

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available Los procesos industriales suelen ser los grandes contaminantes del planeta, ya sea por emisión de gases que se produce durante el proceso o por los desechos que estos generan. Uno de las industrias más contaminantes es la de producción de ladrillo, la cual usa mucho carbón y materiales como llantas para generar la energía. En este trabajo se diseña y fabrica un ladrillo a base de cemento y escamas de PET (tereftalato de polietiline; para tal fin se estudiaron varias composiciones con diferentes pruebas de resistencia y compresión usando una máquina de tracción PCE-MTS500. Los resultados muestran un producto resistente comparable con los comerciales según la norma NTC 673; la muestra óptima presenta un esfuerzo de compresión de 5600 kgf en comparación con los ladrillos comerciales, que presentan un esfuerzo máximo de 4480 kgf. Se analizaron los costos comparativos con los del mercado actual brindando un excelente costo beneficio.

  6. [Degradation of m-Cresol with Fe-MCM-41 in Catalytic Ozonation].

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sun, Wen-jing; Wang, Ya-min; Wei, Huang-zhao; Wang, Sen; Li, Xu-ning; Li, Jing-mei; Sun, Cheng-lin; An, Lu-yang

    2015-04-01

    Fe-MCM-41 was first used for the treatment of m-cresol in catalytic ozonation. The effect of the percentage of Fe dopping mass, catalyst dosage and the natural concentration of substrate on m-cresol conversion and TOC removal were studied. The structural property of Fe-MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, Mössbauer spectra and BET of catalysts. The results showed that Fe dopping mass had a great effect on the catalytic activity of Fe-MCM-41 in catalytic ozonation and the optimal percentage of dopping mass was 4.4% (wt). The results showed that with Fe dopping mass increase, the degree of crystallinity became weaker, the crystal surface distance reduced, as well as the specific surface area, pore volume and aperture. γ-Fe2O3 was the only form staying on the surface of MCM-41, and the catalyst had good ferromagnetism and stability. Ozonation played a role of both direct oxidation and indirect oxidation in the reaction, approximately the same ratio. Under the experimental condition of the natural pH of model wastewater,using 4.4% (wt) Fe-MCM-41 as catalyst, natural concentration of m-cresol 500 mg x L(-1), catalyst dosage 0.1 g x L(-1) and reaction time 30 min, m-cresol conversion and TOC removal were 100% and 26.8%, respectively.

  7. Controlled drug release on amine functionalized spherical MCM-41

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Szegedi, Agnes, E-mail: szegedi@chemres.hu [Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri ut 59-67 (Hungary); Popova, Margarita; Goshev, Ivan [Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia (Bulgaria); Klebert, Szilvia [Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri ut 59-67 (Hungary); Mihaly, Judit [Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri ut 59-67 (Hungary)

    2012-10-15

    MCM-41 silica with spherical morphology and small particle sizes (100 nm) was synthesized and modified by post-synthesis method with different amounts of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A comparative study of the adsorption and release of a model drug, ibuprofen, was carried out. The modified and drug loaded mesoporous materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, N{sub 2} physisorption, elemental analysis, thermal analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. A new method was developed for the quantitative determination of amino groups in surface modified mesoporous materials by the ninhydrin reaction. Good correlation was found between the amino content of the MCM-41 materials determined by the ninhydrin method and their ibuprofen adsorption capacity. Amino modification resulted in high degree of ibuprofen loading and slow release rate in comparison to the parent non-modified MCM-41. - Graphical abstract: Determination of surface amino groups by ninhidrin method. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Spherical MCM-41 modified by different amounts of APTES was studied. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Ibuprofen (IBU) adsorption and release characteristics was tested. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The ninhydrin reaction was used for the quantitative determination of amino groups. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Stoichiometric amount of APTES is enough for totally covering the surface with amino groups. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Good correlation was found between the amino content and IBU adsorption capacity.

  8. El tratamiento de materiales didácticos para el área de las Ciencias Sociales en educación virtual : Un Asistente Virtual "DyPMCS" para el diseño y producción de materiales

    OpenAIRE

    Villodre, Silvia Lydia

    2013-01-01

    Una guía para el diseño de unidades didácticas -UD- y recursos para docentes de Ciencias Sociales que usan un Aula Virtual. Esta guía se materializa en una propuesta metodológica que relaciona los aspectos didácticos, disciplinares y cognitivos correspondientes a la enseñanza/aprendizaje de las CS, y en un prototipo de software educativo, Asistente Virtual -DyPMCS-, para el diseño y producción de materiales didácticos. A fin de superar los obstáculos epistemológicos que surgen en el aprendiza...

  9. Ordenamiento de la minería de materiales de construcción en las Islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina, Colombia

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hernández Almanza Primitivo

    2011-11-01

    Full Text Available El objeto de este trabajo radica en brindar soluciones a la problemática de abastecimiento de materiales de construcción (grava, gravilla, arenas en las islas de Providencia y Santa Catalina. Para ello, exploró soluciones de plan de cierres de minas abandonadas antitécnicamente y analizó alternativas de abastecimiento con el modelo de impacto-aptitud del territorio. Consideró como alternativas de ordenamiento minero-ambiental, la importación de materiales de construcción a la extracción ordenada en la misma isla de Providencia. Valoró cuatro zonas y, con la participación de los actores involucrados, variables físicas, antrópicas; considerando matrices de impacto-aptitud, propuso una zona para el desarrollo minero sostenible para abastecer parte de la demanda de dichos materiales en el Archipiélago.

  10. Sistema de detección de fugas en tiempo real en presas de materiales sueltos mediante sensores distribuidos en fibra óptica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    O. Muñoz

    2016-04-01

    Full Text Available El presente trabajo pretende analizar el uso de fibra óptica como sensor de temperatura distribuido para la detección de posibles fugas en presas de materiales sueltos. El uso de esta técnica permite complementar los sistemas de auscultación  normalmente utilizados mejorando la monitorización de las zonas críticas de la infraestructura. Este tipo de sistema de monitorización en tiempo real ha sido implementado en dos casos reales, (presa de Soto-Terroba y recrecimiento de la presa de Yesa. Finalmente este trabajo quiere proporcionar una visión práctica sobre esta nueva técnica implementada y en particular sobre los criterios de selección de materiales y las precauciones necesarias a la hora del despliegue del elemento sensor.

  11. Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH3 Over V-MCM-41 Catalyst.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kwon, Woo Hyun; Park, Sung Hoon; Kim, Ji Man; Park, Su Bin; Jung, Sang-Chul; Kim, Sang Chai; Jeon, Jong-Ki; Park, Young-Kwon

    2016-02-01

    V-MCM-41, a mesoporous catalyst doped with V2O5, was applied for the first time to the removal of atmospheric NO. The quantity of V2O5 added was 10 wt% and 30 wt%. The characteristics of the synthesized catalysts were examined using XRD, N2 soprtion, and NH3-TPD. With increasing quantity of V2O5 added, specific surface area decreased and pore size increased. When the quantity of V2O5 was 10 wt%, the MCM-41 structure was retained, whereas considerable collapse of mesoporous structure was observed when 30 wt% V2O5 was added. The examination of acid characteristics using NH3-TPD showed that 30 wt% V-MCM-41 had the higher NH3 adsorption ability, implying that it would exhibit high activity for NH3 SCR reaction. In the NO removal experiments, 30 wt% V-MCM-41 showed much higher NO removal efficiency than 10 wt% V-MCM-41, which was attributed to its high NH3 adsorption ability.

  12. Structure, luminescence, and dynamics of Eu2O3 nanoparticles in MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Wei; Joly, Alan G.; Kowalchuk, George A.; Malm, Jan-Olle; Huang, Yining; Bovin, Jan-Olov

    2001-01-01

    The structure, luminescence spectroscopy, and lifetime decay dynamics of Eu2O3 nanoparticles formed in MCM-41 have been investigated. Both X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscope observations indicate that Eu2O3 nanoparticles of monoclinic structure are formed inside channels of MCM-41 by heating at 140 C. However, heat treatment at 600 and 700 C causes migration of Eu2O3 from the MCM-41 channels forming nanoparticles of cubic structure outside of the MCM-41 channels. The feature of the hypersensitive 5D0? 7F2 emission profile of Eu3+ is used to follow the structural changes. Photoluminescence lifetimes show the existence of short (< 1 microsecond) and long (microsecond to millisecond) components for each sample. The fast decay is attributed to quenching by surface states of the nanoparticles or energy transfer to the MCM-41 while the longer time decays show the effects of concentration quenching. The monoclinic sample prepared at 140 C shows a higher luminescence intensity than the cubic samples or the bulk powder

  13. Synthesis of cerium oxide catalysts supported on MCM-41 molecular sieve; Sintese de catalisadores de oxido de cerio suportados na peneira molecular MCM-41

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Souza, E.L.S.; Barros, T.R.B.; Sousa, B.V. de, E-mail: emylle.souza@gmail.com [Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), PB (Brazil). Unidade Academica de Engenharia Quimica

    2016-07-01

    Porous materials have been widely studied as catalysts and catalyst support. The MCM-41 structure is the one that has been most studied because of its application possibilities in chemical processes. This work aimed to obtain and characterize cerium oxide catalysts supported on MCM-41 molecular sieve. The molecular sieve was synthesized by the conventional method with the following molar composition: 1 SiO2: 0.30 CTABr: NH3 11: 144 H2O. Then, 25% w/w cerium was incorporated into the MCM-41 using the wet impregnation process and the material obtained was activated by calcination. From the XRD patterns was confirmed the structure of the molecular sieve, and were identified the cerium oxide phases in its structure. The textural catalysts characteristics were investigated by isotherms of N2 adsorption/desorption (BET method). (author)

  14. Generación y Caracterización de Microgrietas en materiales estructurales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Menéndez, E.

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available In this paper, we study how to generate and accelerate, expansive phenomena within cementitious composites, considering elements of addiction using both fly ash and slag. We present results of monitoring of these processes from the beginning and characterize chemical, microstructural, and crystallographic by X-ray diffraction, backscattering electron microscopy, X-ray dispersive energy and mercury porosimetry. These data are supplemented with values of mechanical behavior of materials to determine their functionality. As a result of these studies, we propose a model for the generation and progression of microcracks for each alteration processes studied.

    En este trabajo, se estudia como generar de manera acelerada fenómenos expansivos en el interior de materiales cementicios compuestos considerando la posibilidad de utilizar como elementos de adicción tanto cenizas volantes como escorias. Se presentan resultados de la monitorización de estos procesos desde su etapa inicial y se caracterizan química, microestructural y cristalográficamente mediante difracción de rayos X, microscopía electrónica de electrones retrodispersados, energías dispersivas de rayos X y porosimetría de mercurio. Estos datos se complementan con valores de comportamiento mecánico de los materiales para determinar su funcionalidad. Como resultado de estos estudios, se propone un modelo de generación y progresión de microgrietas para cada uno de los procesos de alteración estudiado.

  15. El cemento y el concreto de los mayas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Horacio Ramírez de Alba

    1999-01-01

    Full Text Available Se realiza un estudio técnico sobre los materiales utilizados por los constructores mayas, quienes lograron obras cuyos vestigios maravillan hoy al mundo. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos al realizar pruebas físicas y químicas en muestras de estucos, morteros y concretos provenientes de zonas arqueológicas, principalmente Palenque y Yaxchilán, en el estado de Chiapas, México.

  16. A unique binding mode enables MCM2 to chaperone histones H3-H4 at replication forks

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Huang, Hongda; Strømme, Caroline B; Saredi, Giulia

    2015-01-01

    During DNA replication, chromatin is reassembled by recycling of modified old histones and deposition of new ones. How histone dynamics integrates with DNA replication to maintain genome and epigenome information remains unclear. Here, we reveal how human MCM2, part of the replicative helicase......, chaperones histones H3-H4. Our first structure shows an H3-H4 tetramer bound by two MCM2 histone-binding domains (HBDs), which hijack interaction sites used by nucleosomal DNA. Our second structure reveals MCM2 and ASF1 cochaperoning an H3-H4 dimer. Mutational analyses show that the MCM2 HBD is required...... for MCM2-7 histone-chaperone function and normal cell proliferation. Further, we show that MCM2 can chaperone both new and old canonical histones H3-H4 as well as H3.3 and CENPA variants. The unique histone-binding mode of MCM2 thus endows the replicative helicase with ideal properties for recycling...

  17. A unique binding mode enables MCM2 to chaperone histones H3-H4 at replication forks.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Huang, Hongda; Strømme, Caroline B; Saredi, Giulia; Hödl, Martina; Strandsby, Anne; González-Aguilera, Cristina; Chen, Shoudeng; Groth, Anja; Patel, Dinshaw J

    2015-08-01

    During DNA replication, chromatin is reassembled by recycling of modified old histones and deposition of new ones. How histone dynamics integrates with DNA replication to maintain genome and epigenome information remains unclear. Here, we reveal how human MCM2, part of the replicative helicase, chaperones histones H3-H4. Our first structure shows an H3-H4 tetramer bound by two MCM2 histone-binding domains (HBDs), which hijack interaction sites used by nucleosomal DNA. Our second structure reveals MCM2 and ASF1 cochaperoning an H3-H4 dimer. Mutational analyses show that the MCM2 HBD is required for MCM2-7 histone-chaperone function and normal cell proliferation. Further, we show that MCM2 can chaperone both new and old canonical histones H3-H4 as well as H3.3 and CENPA variants. The unique histone-binding mode of MCM2 thus endows the replicative helicase with ideal properties for recycling histones genome wide during DNA replication.

  18. Readecuación del laboratorío para análisis de materiales metalicos bajo la norma de calidad ISO 17025 y elaboración del manual de procedimientos basados en norma astm

    OpenAIRE

    Padilla Paredes, Carlos; Paredes V., Cecilia

    2009-01-01

    Este trabajo se fundamenta en la propuesta de un proyecto que consiste en desarrollar la readecuación del Laboratorio de Materiales - Área de Ensayos Metalográficos de la FIMCP bajo lineamientos de la norma ISO 17025. Para esto, se realizará una descripción clara del manejo y las características de cada uno de los equipos e instrumentos a utilizarse en el mencionado laboratorio, el cual nos permitirá complementar de manera práctica tanto la parte didáctica el estudio de los materiales ...

  19. Synthesis, characterization, and catalytic properties of stable mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 prepared from zeolite mordenite

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Wang Shan; Dou Tao; Li Yuping; Zhang Ying; Li Xiaofeng; Yan Zichun

    2004-01-01

    Mesoporous molecular sieves (denoted as M-MCM-41) with ordered hexagonal structure have been successfully synthesized from the assembly of precursors from preformed zeolite Mordenite with CTAB surfactant micelle in alkaline media. The samples were characterized by XRD, N 2 adsorption, IR and DTG. The materials exhibit highly hydrothermal stability, as compared with conventional MCM-41. Characterization results indicate that the mesoporous walls of M-MCM-41 contain the secondary building units similar to those in microporous crystal of zeolite Mordenite. In catalytic dealkylation of C10 + aromatic hydrocarbon, M-MCM-41 shows higher activities in comparison with Mordenite and MCM-41, which would be ascribed to the combination of advantages of both MCM-41 (large pores) and Mordenite (strong acidity). Furthermore, this synthesis strategy could be used as a new general method for the preparation of hydrothermally stable mesoporous aluminosilicate materials under alkaline conditions

  20. Performance assessment of MCM-48 ceramic composite membrane by separation of AlCl3 from aqueous solution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Kumar Basumatary, Ashim; Kumar Ghoshal, Aloke; Pugazhenthi, G

    2016-12-01

    Three dimensional ordered mesoporous MCM-48 membrane was fabricated on a circular shaped ceramic support by in-situ hydrothermal method. The synthesized MCM-48 powder and MCM-48 ceramic composite membrane were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The porosity and pore size of the composite membrane are reduced considerably by the deposition of MCM-48 on the support. The formation of MCM-48 is verified by the XRD analysis. Three stepwise mechanisms for surfactant removal are observed by TGA analysis. FESEM images clearly signify the deposition of MCM-48 on the ceramic support. The pure water flux of the support and MCM-48 composite membrane is found to be 3.63×10 -6 and 4.18×10 -8 m 3 /m 2 skPa, respectively. The above prepared MCM-48 ceramic composite membrane is employed for the removal of AlCl 3 from aqueous solution and the highest rejection of 81% is obtained at an applied pressure of 276kPa with salt concentration of 250ppm. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  1. GANANCIA GENÉTICA ESPERADA EN Acacia mangium EN LOS CHILES, ZONA NORTE DE COSTA RICA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benjam\\u00EDn Pavlotzky-Blank

    2012-01-01

    Full Text Available Ganancia genética esperada en Acacia mangium en Los Chiles, zona norte de Costa Rica. Con el objetivo de seleccionar los materiales de mayor crecimiento y calidad de fuste en Acacia mangium, se evaluó un ensayo de progenie de Acacia mangium Willd. conformado por veinticinco familias. El ensayo fue establecido en Los Chiles, zona norte de Costa Rica, en 2006 con evaluaciones en el 2007 y en 2010. Se utilizó material genético seleccionado por la Cooperativa de Conservación y Mejoramiento Genético Forestal "GENFORES", en Costa Rica y Colombia. Cada familia estuvo representada por 48 progenies, plantadas en cuatro parejas distribuidas en forma aleatoria dentro de cada uno de los seis bloques del ensayo. Se evaluó el diámetro a la altura de pecho "DAP", incremento en DAP, adaptabilidad al sitio, número de trozas comerciales, bifurcación, altura de bifurcación, calidad de las primeras cuatro trozas. Se determinó el volumen de madera comercial por árbol y hectárea. Los datos fueron analizados por medio del software SELEGEN de EMBRAPA para obtener los parámetros genéticos. Todos los caracteres registraron valores de heredabilidad media familiar superiores a 0,68. Si se seleccionaran los dos mejores individuos dentro de las mejores doce familias, se obtendría una ganancia genética del 40,8% en volumen comercial/ha a los cuatro años de edad. Esta ganancia corresponde a un volumen comercial de 91,65 m3/ha, a una tasa de 22,9 m3/ha/año. Las dos procedencias derivadas de Colombia son signifi cativamente superiores a los demás materiales evaluados. El análisis de correlación genética entre caracteres muestra que la tasa de crecimiento diamétrico se expresa desde temprana edad en esta especie, lo que podría ser utilizado a futuro en una selección a menor edad.

  2. The photo refractive polymers, physics and photonic applications of these new materials; Los polimeros fotorrefractivos, fisica y aplicaciones fotonicas de estos nuevos materiales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Maldonado, J. L. [Centro de Investigacion en Optica, Leon, Guanajuato (Mexico); Garcia M, J. [Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico, D.F. (Mexico)

    2001-12-01

    This paper is a review about the new photo refractive organic materials and their potential photonic applications, the photo refractive polymers. The physical properties required for observing photo refractivity, including charge generation, transport, and nonlinear optical properties are discussed for amorphous polymers. The nonlinear optical properties on a macroscopic level are related to the microscopic properties by using the Oriented Gas model. Four Wave Mixing (FWM) and Two Beam Coupling (TBC) experiments, to investigate the photo refractive properties of the material by measuring the diffraction efficiency {eta} of the polymeric gratings, and the optical gain coefficient {eta} are described. Kogelnik's Coupled Wave model to describe the photo refractive polymeric gratings is reviewed. Finally some applications of these new polymers are presented. [Spanish] Este articulo es una revision sobre los nuevos materiales organicos fotorrrefractivos y sus potenciales aplicaciones fotonicas: los polimeros fotorrefractivos. Se discuten las propiedades fisicas requeridas para observar fotorrefractividad, incluyendo la generacion de cargas, el transporte y las propiedades opticas no lineales en polimeros amorfos. Usando el modelo de gas orientado, se muestra como se relacionan las propiedades opticas no lineales a nivel marcoscopico con las propiedades microscopicas. Se describen los experimentos de mezcla de cuatro ondas (FWM) y dos ondas (TBC) para investigar las propiedades fotorrefractivas del material, midiendo la eficiencia de difraccion {eta} de las rejillas polimericas y el coeficiente de ganancia optica {eta}. Se revisa el modelo de ondas acopladas de Kogelnik para describir las rejillas polimericas fotorrefractivas. Finalmente se presentan algunas aplicaciones de estos nuevos polimeros.

  3. Tailoring MCM-41 mesoporous silica particles through modified sol-gel process for gas separation

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sang, Wong Yean; Ching, Oh Pei

    2017-10-01

    Mobil Composition of Matter-41 (MCM-41) is recognized as a potential filler to enhance permeability of mixed matrix membrane (MMM). However, the required loading for available micron-sized MCM-41 was considerably high in order to achieve desired separation performance. In this work, reduced-size MCM-41 was synthesized to minimize filler loading, improve surface modification and enhance polymer-filler compatibility during membrane fabrication. The effect of reaction condition, stirring rate and type of post-synthesis washing solution used on particle diameter of resultant MCM-41 were investigated. It was found that MCM-41 produced at room temperature condition yield particles with smaller diameter, higher specific surface area and enhanced mesopore structure. Increase of stirring rate up to 500 rpm during synthesis also reduced the particle diameter. In addition, replacing water with methanol as the post-synthesis washing solution to remove bromide ions from the precipitate was able to further reduce the particle size by inhibiting polycondensation reaction.

  4. Enhancement in visible light photocatalytic activity by embedding Cu nanoparticles over CuS/MCM-41 nanocomposite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Sohrabnezhad, Sh.; Karamzadeh, M.

    2017-07-01

    This article indicate the biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) using the borage flowers extract of Borago officinalis over CuS/MCM-41 nanocomposite (NC). No external reducing was utilized in the developed method. The CuS-MCM-41 NC was used as stabilizing agent. The synthesis of CuS nanostructure in MCM-41 material has been realized by hydrothermal method. Their physiochemical properties have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. On the basis of TEM images, a layer of Cu NPs has been located over CuS/MCM-41 NC with average diameter of 60-80 nm. The results revealed the spherical nature of the prepared Cu NPs with diameter less than 10 nm. The DR spectra of Cu NPs in MCM-41 and CuS-MCM-41 NCs showed surface plasmon resonance bands at 570 and 500-600 nm, respectively. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated under visible light irradiation using the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model reaction. The prepared Cu/CuS/MCM-41 nanocomposite microspheres showed higher photodegradation ability for MB than CuS/MCM-41. The degradation of MB achieved up to 80% after 60 min and the nanocomposite could be recycled and reused.

  5. Study of a hybrid solar-electric oven to the curing composite materials used in aeronautics; Estudio de un horno hibrido solar-electrico para el curado de materiales compuestos utilizados en aeronautica

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Hernandez Roman, M. A.; Pineda Pinon, J.; Sanchez Sanchez, A. [CICATA - Unidad Queretaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro (Mexico)]. E-mail: mhernandezr0900@ipn.mx

    2010-11-15

    The study covers the curing of advanced composites in a hybrid solar electric oven. The furnace uses electricity from the grid power and solar energy provided by the heliostat concentrator system. The materials used in the experiments will be composite materials such as prepreg. The prepreg are fiberglass and carbon fiber. The resin used in the pre-impregnate will be epoxy resin. The work temperatures inside the furnace will be maximum 300 degrees Celsius. The obtained results will be useful to characterize the use of the solar energy and the characterize of the curing chamber. [Spanish] Se presenta el alcance para el estudio, el cual abarca el curado de materiales compuestos avanzados dentro de un horno hibrido solar electrico. El horno utilizara energia electrica suministrada por la red y energia solar suministrada por el sistema heliostato concentrador. Los materiales utilizados en los experimentos seran materiales compuestos tipo prepreg. Los prepreg seran de fibra de vidrio y de fibra de carbono. La resina utilizada en el preimpregando sera resina epoxica. Las temperaturas de trabajo dentro del horno seran como maximo de 300 grados centigrados. Los resultados obtenidos serviran para caracterizar el uso y aprovechamiento de la energia solar y la caracterizacion de la camara de curado.

  6. ¿EDUCADORES O CONSUMIDORES? DISCREPANCIA DEL YO, CONSUMO Y VALORES MATERIALES EN ESTUDIANTES CHILENOS DE PEDAGOGÍA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Marianela Denegri Coria

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available El presente artículo tiene como propósito caracterizar las relaciones existentes entre la discrepancia del Yo, las actitudes hacia la compra y valores materialistas en estudiantes de Pedagogía considerando diferencias de género. Se aplicaron las escalas de Discrepancia del Yo, Actitudes hacia la Compra y Valores Materiales, en una muestra de 167 estudiantes chilenos de las carreras de Pedagogía en Historia de dos universidades del Sur de Chile. Los resultados obtenidos, evidencian correlaciones significativas entre las dimensiones de discrepancia del Yo físico, intelectual y económico, y las actitudes impulsivas y compulsivas hacia la compra; así como en las dimensiones de valores materiales vinculadas al éxito social y felicidad personal. En cuanto al género, se observa en las mujeres un perfil de ambivalencia actitudinal, donde coexiste la racionalidad con la compulsividad. A partir de la relevancia social del futuro ejercicio profesional de los estudiantes de pedagogía, los resultados se discuten considerando la importancia de la inclusión de la educación económica y financiera en la formación inicial de profesores, con un fuerte énfasis en la toma de conciencia acerca de sus actitudes y valores hacia el consumo.

  7. Implementación de un modelo de estimación de costos de materiales para mejorar la rentabilidad en una empresa de muebles

    OpenAIRE

    Luyo Campoverde, Andy; Luyo Campoverde, Andy

    2012-01-01

    Este informe enfoca la problemática de la variación de los costos estimados de los materiales con respecto a los costos reales en la fabricación de muebles de la empresa Muebles Industriales SAC (Villa El Salvador, Lima). Los muebles son diseñados y fabricados conforme a los específicos del cliente, sean del sector público (a través de licitaciones) y del sector privado. Esta empresa cuenta con una Gerencia General y tres órganos de gestión, entre las cuales está la Gerencia de Operaciones, q...

  8. Análisis sedimentológico de los materiales lacustres (formacion de Gorafe-Huelago del sector central de la depresión de Guadix

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García-Aguilar, J. M.

    1988-04-01

    Full Text Available Sedimentological and petrological analysis of the Gorafe-Huélago formation (pliocene permits to distinguish some different facies types which characterize the following subenvironments of lacustrine carbonate sedimentation: lutitic plain (silts, carbonatic silts and sands, swamps (coaly marls, carbonatic marshy rim (root-bioturbated limestones, nodulzar lemistones, paleosols, calcareous crusts and nodular marls and lacustrine zone (algal limestones, fossiliferous limestones, marly limestones and marls. The distribution of this facies was strongly controlled by the tectonics (Negratin accident, which delimited a southern sunken block, predominantly with terrigenous facies (lutitic plain and swamps and a northern uplifted block in which there is a greater development of carbonatic lacustrine sediments. Finally, these facies are organized in retractive, expansive or expansive-retractive sequences which mark the sedimentological evolution of the formation.El análisis sedimentológico y petrológico de los materiales carbonatados de la formación de Gorafe-Huélago (Plioceno, ha permitido diferenciar diversas facies que caracterizan varios subambientes de sedimentación carbonatada dentro de un sistema deposicional tluvio-lacustre: llanura lutítica (limos, limos carbonatados y arenas, zonas de encharcamiento palustre (margas carbonosas, orla palustre carbonatada (calizas bioturbadas por raíces, calizas nodulosas y paleosuelos, costras calcáreas y margas nodulosas y zona lacustre (calizas algales laminadas y oncolíticas, calizas fosilíferas, calizas margosas y margas. La evolución y distribución de las facies están controladas por el accidente tectónico del Negratin, fundamentalmente transcurrente y que atraviesa la zona de estudio con una dirección NE-SW. En el bloque levantado (sector N tiene lugar una sedimentación carbonatada lacustre, mientras que en el bloque hundido (sector S la sedimentación es fundamentalmente terrígena. Los

  9. Structural changes in Mcm5 protein bypass Cdc7-Dbf4 function and reduce replication origin efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hoang, Margaret L; Leon, Ronald P; Pessoa-Brandao, Luis; Hunt, Sonia; Raghuraman, M K; Fangman, Walton L; Brewer, Bonita J; Sclafani, Robert A

    2007-11-01

    Eukaryotic chromosomal replication is a complicated process with many origins firing at different efficiencies and times during S phase. Prereplication complexes are assembled on all origins in G(1) phase, and yet only a subset of complexes is activated during S phase by DDK (for Dbf4-dependent kinase) (Cdc7-Dbf4). The yeast mcm5-bob1 (P83L) mutation bypasses DDK but results in reduced intrinsic firing efficiency at 11 endogenous origins and at origins located on minichromosomes. Origin efficiency may result from Mcm5 protein assuming an altered conformation, as predicted from the atomic structure of an archaeal MCM (for minichromosome maintenance) homologue. Similarly, an intragenic mutation in a residue predicted to interact with P83L suppresses the mcm5-bob1 bypass phenotype. We propose DDK phosphorylation of the MCM complex normally results in a single, highly active conformation of Mcm5, whereas the mcm5-bob1 mutation produces a number of conformations, only one of which is permissive for origin activation. Random adoption of these alternate states by the mcm5-bob1 protein can explain both how origin firing occurs independently of DDK and why origin efficiency is reduced. Because similar mutations in mcm2 and mcm4 cannot bypass DDK, Mcm5 protein may be a unique Mcm protein that is the final target of DDK regulation.

  10. The System for Controlling Source and Special Nuclear Material at the Eurochemic Reprocessing Plant; Systeme de Controle des Matieres Nucleaires Brutes et Speciales a l'Usine de Traitement D'Eurochemic; Sistema kontrolya nad iskhodnym i spetsial'nym yadernym materialom na zavode evrokhimicheskoj kompanii po regeneratsii yadernogo topliva; Control de Materiales Nucleares Basicos y de Materiales Fisionables Especiales en la Planta de Regeneracion de la Eurochemic

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Frenzel, W.; Schueller, W. [EUROCHEMIC, MOL (Belgium)

    1966-02-15

    adecuado de los materiales nucleares basicos y de los materiales fisionables especiales, las instalaciones de la compaliia estaran divididas en diversas zonas de balance de materiales. Toda entrada y salida de materiales de estas zonas quedara registrada. Teniendo en cuenta su importancia en relacion con el balance global de materiales, se han fijado distintos requisitos en materia de precision basados en una escala de valores que los autores describen brevemente. Periodicamente se efectuaran inventarios de material a fin de proceder al balance de asientos. Se exponen los correspondientes procedimientos de inventario. Los autores describen los libros utilizados en la contabilidad de los materiales nucleares y enuncian los principios en que se basa el sistema de contabilidad. (author) [Russian] Kompanija Evrohimik v nastojashhee vremja stroit zavod po pererabotke jadernogo topliva okolo Molja (Bel'gija). Summirujutsja glavnye harakteristiki zavoda i razlichnyh stadij obrabotki. Dlja provedenija nadlezhashhego kontrolja nad ishodnym i special'nym jadernym materialom ustanovki kompanii razdeleny na zony material'nogo balansa. Opredeljajutsja vse peremeshhenija v jeti zony i iz nih. B zavisimosti ot vazhnosti jetih materialov dlja obshhego material'nogo balansa ustanovleny razlichnye trebovanija v otnoshenii tochnosti v sootvetstvii so shkaloj vazhnosti, kotoraja kratko opisyvaetsja. Dlja pravil'nogo sostavlenija zhurnal'nogo balansa periodicheski provodjatsja fizicheskie inventarizacii. Izlagajutsja sootvetstvujushhie metody inventarizacii. Daetsja kratkoe opisanie zhurnalov ucheta jadernyh materialov i principov sistemy u cheta. (author)

  11. Tratamientos de protección superficial de materiales de construcción por nuevos materiales híbridos organo-inorgánicos multifuncionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oteo, J. L.

    2006-04-01

    Full Text Available The behavior of an organic-inorganic hybrid material (HOI as protective coating of different building materials has been evaluated in this work. The mineralogical, structural and textural characterization of the inorganic building materials (granite, marble and sandstone was carried out by: x-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, attenuated total reflectance (ATR and mercury porosimetry. On the other hand, the protective coating was characterized by ATR and SEM, evaluating its protective capacity against paintings made by aerograph or labeller, according to the greater or smaller facility whereupon eliminates the painting by means of cleaning with a cloth. The stability of the coating on the inorganic materials was studied by accelerated tests of rain and UV radiation. Color variation after coating was studied, in all the cases, by colorimetry.

    En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de las investigaciones llevadas a cabo para evaluar el comportamiento de un material híbrido orgánico-inorgánico (HOI como recubrimiento protector de distintos materiales de construcción. La caracterización mineralógica, estructural y textural de los materiales de construcción estudiados (granito, mármol y arenisca se llevó a cabo mediante las técnicas: difracción de rayos X (DRX, microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB, reflectancia total atenuada (ATR y porosimetría de mercurio. Por otro lado, la caracterización del recubrimiento antivandálico se llevó a cabo mediante ATR y MEB, evaluando su capacidad protectora contra pinturas realizadas por aerógrafo o rotulador, según la mayor o menor facilidad con que se elimina la pintura por limpieza con gamuza. La estabilidad del recubrimiento en el material inorgánico se estudió mediante ensayos acelerados de resistencia a la lluvia y, en el caso del mármol, a la radiación UV. La variación del color experimentada por la superficie después de ser recubierta se estudi

  12. Spectral studies on the interaction of acetylacetone with aluminum-containing MCM-41 mesoporous materials

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zanjanchi, M.A.; Vaziri, M.

    2008-01-01

    Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) was used to study the interaction of acetylacetone (acac) with the mesoporous aluminum-containing MCM-41 materials. A room temperature synthesis method was used for preparation of purely siliceous MCM-41 and for aluminum-containing MCM-41 materials. Samples with Si/Al ratios of 50, 20, 10 and 5 were synthesized. The synthesized mesoporous materials possess highly ordered structure and high surface area as evidenced from X-ray diffraction and nitrogen physisorption measurements, respectively. The treatment of the as-synthesized aluminum-containing MCM-41 samples with acac shows a distinct band at ∼290 nm. This band is assigned to six coordinated aluminum atoms in the structure which is produced by diffusion of acac molecules through surfactant micelles and their interaction with aluminum atoms. The 290-nm band disappears upon several successive washing of the sample with ethanol. The treatment of the calcined aluminum-containing MCM-41 sample with acac produces the same 290-nm band where its intensity increases with the aluminum content of the sample. The intensity of this band is reduced upon successive ethanol washing, but remains nearly constant after three times washing. This irremovable aluminum species can be assigned to framework aluminum. The measured acidity for our aluminum-containing MCM-41 samples correlates linearly with the intensity of 290-nm band for the ethanol treated samples. This supports the idea that the Bronsted acidity in aluminum-modified MCM-41 samples is a function of the amount of tetrahedral framework aluminum in the structure

  13. Photocatalytic Properties of Nb/MCM-41 Molecular Sieves: Effect of the Synthesis Conditions

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Caterine Daza Gomez

    2015-08-01

    Full Text Available The effect of synthesis conditions and niobium incorporation levels on the photocatalytic properties of Nb/MCM-41 molecular sieves was assessed. Niobium pentoxide supported on MCM-41 mesoporous silica was obtained using two methods: sol-gel and incipient impregnation, in each case also varying the percentage of niobium incorporation. The synthesized Nb-MCM-41 ceramic powders were characterized using the spectroscopic techniques of infrared spectroscopy (IR, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM. The photodegradation capacity of the powders was studied using the organic molecule, methylene blue. The effect of both the method of synthesis and the percentage of niobium present in the sample on the photodegradation action of the solids was determined. The mesoporous Nb-MCM-41 that produced the greatest photodegradation response was obtained using the sol-gel method and 20% niobium incorporation.

  14. Materiales para el estudio de la teoría del derecho de la seguridad social

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    José Luis Tortuero Plaza

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available Se trata de un conjunto de reflexiones que tienen su origen en varios trabajos realizados en los últimos años (de los que se dan noticia al final así como de otras aportaciones singularmente relevantes (especialmente de los Profs. Alonso Olea, Fuentes Quintana, Barea Tejeiro, asi como las realizadas por F. Ferreras, que han sido incorporadas. Todas ellas ordenadas, completadas en la Universidad de la República (Montevideo, bajo la dirección del Dr. Pla Rodríguez. La presente versión de estos materiales ha sido debidamente actualizada.Contenido: Los dos modelos de la seguridad social y sus tres etapas. La financiación de la seguridad social. Los riesgos que son objeto de protección. El "ideal de cobertura" y su evolución. La incapacidad temporal: elementos definitorios. La incapacidad permanente y la crisis de los sistemas de calificación profesional. La jubilación: elementos de configuración y su evolución. La protección de la maternidad y el cambio social

  15. La interacción de materiales del sistema sílice-alúmina con productos fluorados aluminosos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Verdeja, L. F.

    1998-05-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to get a first approximation of the systematic study of the corrosion mechanisms of the silica-alumina, alumina and rich-alumina refractory by fluoride compounds and molten aluminum. The thermodynamic results support the main role of the chemical attack and the erosive mechanisms in the wear of the silica-alumina materials. The influence of the composition of the crystalline phases in the degree of the ceramic lining attack is also studied. The results suggest not to use either oxide or nitride high-value materials for the lining of furnaces and transport recipients containing molten aluminum, because of the chemical corrosion by compounds such as cryolite or aluminum fluoride and also, because of the avidity of aluminum towards oxygen. The study of corundum-based materials like the best refractory used in order to react with fluoride compounds and molten aluminum is an alternative to be considered. The study of the crusts adhesion like a protection mechanism of the refractory lining is also a possible approach.

    Este trabajo pretende contribuir al estudio sistemático de los mecanismos de corrosión que experimentan los refractarios sílico-aluminosos, aluminosos y de alta alúmina con productos fluorados y aluminio en estado líquido. Se aportan datos termodinámicos que confirman el papel preponderante del ataque químico y de los mecanismos erosivos en el desgaste de materiales del sistema sílice-alúmina. Se discute, asimismo, la influencia de la composición de las fases cristalinas encontradas en el grado de agresión a los revestimientos cerámicos. Se propone, ante la agresividad de agentes químicamente activos, como la criolita o el fluoruro de aluminio, y la gran afinidad del aluminio por el oxígeno, no aconsejar la utilización de materiales oxídicos y nitrurados de alto valor para el revestimiento de hornos y bolsas de transporte de aluminio. Se propone, como línea de trabajo a seguir, la

  16. Producción de materiales en lámina delgada mediante técnicas láser

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Afonso, C. N.

    1998-04-01

    Full Text Available Pulsed laser deposition is a recently developed technique with a large potential in producing materials of technological interest that are not easily produced by more conventional techniques, such as complex oxides or hard ceramics. We will first review the special features of this technique to then show current results of our own research in producing optically doped waveguides either with rare-earth ions or metal nanoparticles.

    Mediante la moderna técnica de depósito por láser pulsado (PLD se pueden obtener materiales de alto interés tecnológico, como son óxidos complejos o cerámicas duras que no son fáciles de obtener por otras técnicas más convencionales. En el presente trabajo, se revisan, en primer lugar, las características especiales de esta técnica. A continuación, se presentan los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones actualmente en marcha en nuestro laboratorio sobre dopado óptico de materiales mediante especies activas, como los iones de tierras raras o partículas nanocristalinas en matrices aislantes.

  17. Tratamiento térmico de materiales en el Horno Solar de la PSA: líneas actuales de actividad

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Cañadas, I.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Concentrated solar energy gives controlled high flux density with a wide wavelength spectrum by means of solar furnaces, which design allows to attain very high heating rates and very high temperatures up to 3500 K. Solar furnaces are specially suitable for transformation or synthesis process, these installations are devoted to research in the fields of material characterization and treatment as well as chemical processes. During 2001, several test campaigns have been carried out in the Solar Furnace at the Plataforma Solar de Almería in collaboration with different European research institutes, under the umbrella of the European Commission`s Improving Human Potential Programme. Thus different lines of work have been launched demonstrating the feasibility and potential use of solar furnaces for such R&D field.

    La energía solar concentrada permite proporcionar de forma controlada altas densidades de flujo energético con un amplio espectro de longitudes de onda mediante el uso de hornos solares, cuyo diseño permite alcanzar velocidades de calentamiento muy altas y temperaturas de hasta 3500ºC. Los hornos solares, por sus características, son especialmente adecuados para aplicaciones que conlleven la transformación o síntesis de materiales, siendo instalaciones dedicadas a la investigación en los campos de tratamiento y caracterización de materiales y procesos químicos. Durante el año 2001 en el Horno Solar de la Plataforma Solar de Almería se han realizado varias campañas de ensayos en colaboración con distintos centros de investigación europeos dentro del programa IHP de la Comisión Europea, abordándose diversas líneas de trabajo que han vuelto a demostrar la viabilidad y potencialidad del uso de los hornos solares para el tratamiento de materiales.

  18. Simulación y comparación de la respuesta eléctrica de algunos materiales piezoeléctricos aplicados en la ecografía médica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    R. A. Reyes Villagrana

    2013-01-01

    Full Text Available La acústica se interpreta como la ciencia que estudia las ondas acústicas, vibraciones y sus interacciones con el entorno, tanto en sistemas macroscópicos como microscópicos. En este trabajo se presenta el modelo de un detector acústico piezoeléctrico desarrollado en el programa OrCAD-PSpice, para determinar la máxima amplitud de voltaje utilizando los materiales piezoeléctricos Cuarzo, PZT-5H, PVDF y PSMNZT, con el objetivo de determinar cuál de estos materiales piezoeléctricos tanto naturales, cerámicos, polímeros y cerámicos compuestos genera el máximo voltaje, sin agregar una etapa de acondicionamiento de la señal, y así contar con una herramienta computacional para predecir los voltajes que arrojan los materiales piezoeléctricos aplicando la técnica de transmisión, cuando no se cuenta de manera inmediata con el equipo para determinar éstas comparaciones. Se utiliza al agua como medio de propagación y se proponen diferentes espesores para las simulaciones. Se muestran las gráficas de las simulaciones realizadas, donde el PSMNZT proporcionó un máximo voltaje de 21.272V con un espesor de 10μm.

  19. Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales: de las sombras a las luces

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ruiz Valero, Caridad

    2002-08-01

    Full Text Available Not available

    En este artículo se analiza la presencia de la mujer en las escalas del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC centrándonos en el Área de Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales. Los datos indican que algo se ha hecho mal desde el principio para que un área tan joven presente cifiras tan alarmantes de desigualdad de género, con sólo un 3% de Profesoras de Investigación cuando las mujeres representan el 31% del personal científico del área. Es una realidad la existencia de un techo de cristal que impide que las mujeres alcancen los puestos de máxima responsabilidad. Tanto las mujeres jóvenes como los hombres no son aún muy conscientes de su existencia, no se ve, es transparente, sólo te topas con él cuando tratas de atravesarlo. No se manifiesta de igual manera en todos los Centros, en algunos es más frágil, en otros es cristal blindado.

  20. Criteria for Special Nuclear Materials Inventory and Control Procedures; Criteres a Suivre Pour Proceder a l'Inventaire des Matieres Nucleaires Speciales et aux Mesures de Controle; Kriterii dlya inventarizatsii spetsial'nykh yadernykh materialov i metody ucheta; Criterios a Que Deben Ajustarse los Procedimientos de Inventario y Control de los Materiales Nucleares Especiales

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kinderman, E. M.; Tarrice, R. R. [Stanford Research Institute, Menlo Park, CA (United States)

    1966-02-15

    metaux precieux. Bien qu'il puisse etre necessaire de prevoir des methodes speciales ou d'adapter des techniques anciennes, il devrait toutefois suffire dans la plupart des cas d'utiliser de facon appropriee les differentes methodes d'inventaire bien connues pour assurer la protection des investissements des gouvernements et des particuliers dans l'exploitation de ces matieres couteuses. Les auteurs du memoire definissent les criteres a utiliser pour le controle des matieres nucleaires. Ils etudient notamment l'applicabilite de differentes methodes d'inventaire: pointage annuel des registres des matieres recues et expediees, inventaire quotidien et detaille des matieres elles-memes en tenant compte de leur valeur specifique, et inventaire general de ces matieres nucleaires speciales. Les auteurs presentent des solutions types permettant de gerer les matieres nucleaires speciales et de proceder a leur inventaire. Ils procedent a une evaluation de l'efficacite relative des multiples methodes applicables aux stades importants de la fourniture, de l'utilisation et de la recuperation des matieres nucleaires. (author) [Spanish] Uno de los problemas mas importantes que deberan resolver las personas que finanzan, administran o desarrollan actividades relacionadas con los procesos nucleares, especialmente en la esfera de la produccion comercial de energia nucleoelectrica.sera el que plantea el control adecuado de los materiales nucleares, cuyo valor en 1980 excedera de 5000 millones de dolares de los Estados Unidos. Los materiales nucleares especiales son caro': en los Estados Unidos, por ejemplo, el uranio enriquecido al 90%, el hexafluoruro de uranio enriquecido al 3% y el agua pesada cuestan, respectivamente, 10 808, 254 y 61,60 dolares el kg. Ademas, por motivos sanitarios y de seguridad, esos materiales estan en muchos casos sometidos por parte de las autoridades a un control especial sin relacion directa con su valor monetario. Pese a su elevado precio, los materiales

  1. Catalytic steam reforming of tar derived from steam gasification of sunflower stalk over ethylene glycol assisting prepared Ni/MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karnjanakom, Surachai; Guan, Guoqing; Asep, Bayu; Du, Xiao; Hao, Xiaogang; Samart, Chanatip; Abudula, Abuliti

    2015-01-01

    Highlights: • Ni/MCM-41 was prepared by EG-assisted co-impregnation method. • EG-assisted co-impregnation method resulted in Ni particles well dispersed on MCM-41. • Ni/MCM-41-EG catalyst had high catalytic activity for tar reforming. • The highest H 2 gas yield was obtained when using 20 wt.% Ni/MCM-41-EG. • The catalysts were reused up to 5 cycles without any serious deactivation. - Abstract: Ethylene glycol (EG) assisted impregnation of nickel catalyst on MCM-41 (Ni/MCM-41-EG) was performed and applied for steam reforming of tar derived from biomass. The catalyst was characterized by SEM–EDX, BET, XRD, and TPR. It is found that smaller nickel particles were well dispersed on MCM-41 and better catalytic activity was shown for the Ni/MCM-41-EG when compared with the catalyst of Ni/MCM-41 prepared by using the conventional impregnation method. H 2 yield increased approximately 8% when using 20 wt.% Ni/MCM-41-EG instead of 20 wt.% Ni/MCM-41 for the steam reforming of tar derived from sunflower stalk. The catalyst reusability was also tested up to five cycles, and no obvious activity reduction was observed. It indicates that EG assisted impregnation method is a good way to prepare metal loaded porous catalyst with high catalytic activity, high loading amount and long-term stability for the tar reforming

  2. Archaeal orthologs of Cdc45 and GINS form a stable complex that stimulates the helicase activity of MCM.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Xu, Yuli; Gristwood, Tamzin; Hodgson, Ben; Trinidad, Jonathan C; Albers, Sonja-Verena; Bell, Stephen D

    2016-11-22

    The regulated recruitment of Cdc45 and GINS is key to activating the eukaryotic MCM(2-7) replicative helicase. We demonstrate that the homohexameric archaeal MCM helicase associates with orthologs of GINS and Cdc45 in vivo and in vitro. Association of these factors with MCM robustly stimulates the MCM helicase activity. In contrast to the situation in eukaryotes, archaeal Cdc45 and GINS form an extremely stable complex before binding MCM. Further, the archaeal GINS•Cdc45 complex contains two copies of Cdc45. Our analyses give insight into the function and evolution of the conserved core of the archaeal/eukaryotic replisome.

  3. Selective catalytic reduction of NOx in lean-burn engine exhaust over a Pt/V/MCM-41 catalyst

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jeon, Jong Yeol; Kim, Hee Young; Woo, Seong Ihl

    2003-01-01

    The activities of Pt supported on various metal-substituted MCM-41 (V-, Ti-, Fe-, Al-, Ga-, La-, Co-, Mo-, Ce-, and Zr-MCM-41) and V-impregnated MCM-41 were investigated for the reduction of NO by C 3 H 6 . Among these catalysts, Pt supported on V-impregnated MCM-41 showed the best activity. The maximum conversion of NO into N 2 +N 2 O over this Pt/V/MCM-41 catalyst (Pt=1wt.%, V=3.8wt.%) was 73%, and this maximum conversion was sustained over a temperature range of 70C from 270 to 340C. The high activity of Pt/V/MCM-41 over a broad temperature range resulted from two additional reactions besides the reaction occurring on usual supported Pt, the reaction of NO with surface carbonaceous materials, and the reaction of NO occurring on support V-impregnated MCM-41. The former additional reaction showed an oscillation characteristic, a phenomenon in which the concentrations of parts of reactant and product gases oscillate continuously. At low temperature, some water vapor injected into the reactant gas mixture promoted the reaction occurring on usual supported Pt, whereas at high temperature, it suppressed the additional reaction related to carbonaceous materials. Five-hundred parts per million of SO 2 added to the reactant gas mixture only slightly decreased the NO conversion of Pt/V/MCM-41

  4. Bimetallic iron and cobalt incorporated MFI/MCM-41 composite and its catalytic properties

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Li, Baoshan; Xu, Junqing; Li, Xiao; Liu, Jianjun; Zuo, Shengli; Pan, Zhiyun; Wu, Ziyu

    2012-01-01

    Graphical abstract: The formation of FeCo-MFI/MCM-41 composite is based on two steps, the first step of synthesizing the MFI-type proto-zeolite unites under hydrothermal conditions. The second step of assembling these zeolite fragment together new silica and heteroatom source on the CTAB surfactant micelle to synthesize the mesoporous product with hexagonal structure. Highlights: ► Bimetallic iron and cobalt incorporated MFI/MCM-41 composite was prepared using templating method. ► FeCo-MFI/MCM-41 composite simultaneously possessed two kinds of meso- and micro-porous structures. ► Iron and cobalt ions incorporated into the silica framework with tetrahedral coordination. -- Abstract: The MFI/MCM-41 composite material with bimetallic Fe and Co incorporation was prepared using templating method via a two-step hydrothermal crystallization procedure. The obtained products were characterized by a series of techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, N 2 sorption, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscope, H 2 temperature programmed reduction, thermal analyses, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of the Fe and Co K-edge. The catalytic properties of the products were investigated by residual oil hydrocracking reactions. Characterization results showed that the FeCo-MFI/MCM-41 composite simultaneously possessed two kinds of stable meso- and micro-porous structures. Iron and cobalt ions were incorporated into the silicon framework, which was confirmed by H 2 temperature programmed reduction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. This composite presented excellent activities in hydrocracking of residual oil, which was superior to the pure materials of silicate-1/MCM-41.

  5. Preparation and controlled release of mesoporous MCM-41/propranolol hydrochloride composite drug.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhai, Qing-Zhou

    2013-01-01

    This article used MCM-41 as a carrier for the assembly of propranolol hydrochloride by the impregnation method. By means of chemical analysis, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and low-temperature N(2) adsorption-desorption at 77 K, the characterization was made for the prepared materials. The propranolol hydrochloride guest assembly capacity was 316.20 ± 0.31 mg/g (drug/MCM-41). Powder XRD test results indicated that during the process of incorporation, the frameworks of the MCM-41 were not destroyed and the crystalline degrees of the host-guest nanocomposite materials prepared still remained highly ordered. Characterization by SEM and TEM showed that the composite material presented spherical particle and the average particle size of composite material was 186 nm. FT-IR spectra showed that the MCM-41 framework existed well in the (MCM-41)-propranolol hydrochloride composite. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption results at 77 K showed that the guest partially occupied the channels of the molecular sieves. Results of the release of the prepared composite drug in simulated body fluid indicated that the drug can release up to 32 h and its maximum released amount was 99.20 ± 0.11%. In the simulated gastric juice release pattern of drug, the maximum time for the drug release was discovered to be 6 h and the maximum cumulative released amount of propranolol hydrochloride was 45.13 ± 0.23%. The drug sustained-release time was 10 h in simulated intestinal fluid and the maximum cumulative released amount was 62.05 ± 0.13%. The prepared MCM-41 is a well-controlled drug delivery carrier.

  6. Probing the porosity of cocrystallized MCM-49/ZSM-35 zeolites by hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Yong; Zhang, Weiping; Xie, Sujuan; Xu, Longya; Han, Xiuwen; Bao, Xinhe

    2008-01-31

    One- and two-dimensional 129Xe NMR spectroscopy has been employed to study the porosity of cocrystallized MCM-49/ZSM-35 zeolites under the continuous flow of hyperpolarized xenon gas. It is found by variable-temperature experiments that Xe atoms can be adsorbed in different domains of MCM-49/ZSM-35 cocrystallized zeolites and the mechanically mixed counterparts. The exchange of Xe atoms in different types of pores is very fast at ambient temperatures. Even at very low temperature two-dimensional exchange spectra (EXSY) show that Xe atoms still undergo much faster exchange between MCM-49 and ZSM-35 analogues in the cocrystallized zeolites than in the mechanical mixture. This demonstrates that the MCM-49 and ZSM-35 analogues in cocrystallized zeolites may be stacked much closer than in the physical mixture, and some parts of intergrowth may be formed due to the partially similar basic structure of MCM-49 and ZSM-35.

  7. How MCM loading and spreading specify eukaryotic DNA replication initiation sites [version 1; referees: 4 approved

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olivier Hyrien

    2016-08-01

    Full Text Available DNA replication origins strikingly differ between eukaryotic species and cell types. Origins are localized and can be highly efficient in budding yeast, are randomly located in early fly and frog embryos, which do not transcribe their genomes, and are clustered in broad (10-100 kb non-transcribed zones, frequently abutting transcribed genes, in mammalian cells. Nonetheless, in all cases, origins are established during the G1-phase of the cell cycle by the loading of double hexamers of the Mcm 2-7 proteins (MCM DHs, the core of the replicative helicase. MCM DH activation in S-phase leads to origin unwinding, polymerase recruitment, and initiation of bidirectional DNA synthesis. Although MCM DHs are initially loaded at sites defined by the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC, they ultimately bind chromatin in much greater numbers than ORC and only a fraction are activated in any one S-phase. Data suggest that the multiplicity and functional redundancy of MCM DHs provide robustness to the replication process and affect replication time and that MCM DHs can slide along the DNA and spread over large distances around the ORC. Recent studies further show that MCM DHs are displaced along the DNA by collision with transcription complexes but remain functional for initiation after displacement. Therefore, eukaryotic DNA replication relies on intrinsically mobile and flexible origins, a strategy fundamentally different from bacteria but conserved from yeast to human. These properties of MCM DHs likely contribute to the establishment of broad, intergenic replication initiation zones in higher eukaryotes.

  8. Nueva tecnología constructiva usando materiales reciclados para casos de emergencia habitacional

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rosana Gaggino

    2003-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta una nueva alternativa tecnológica para cerramientos laterales para viviendas, desarrollada en el Centro Experimental de la Vivienda Económica - CEVE, el cual es un Centro de investigación dependiente del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la República Argentina – CONICET. La tecnología propuesta permite el rápido montaje de una vivienda (una o dos jornadas en seco, es económica y de simple ejecución, por lo que es especialmente apta para dar una rápida solución a familias sin techo (personas de escasos recursos o víctimas de desastres naturales. Se trata sin embargo, de placas ejecutadas con materiales durables y de buena aislación térmica, por lo que además de solucionar una emergencia constituye una solución definitiva y confortable al problema habitacional. Estos materiales son residuos plásticos industriales reciclados, que reemplazan a los agregados pétreos de un hormigón común.

  9. Effect of Co Mo/HSO3-functionalized MCM-41 over heavy oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Schacht, P.; Ramirez G, M.; Ramirez, S.; Aguilar P, J.; Norena F, L.; Abu, I.

    2010-01-01

    The potential of Co-Mo metals supported on functionalized MCM-41 as catalyst to hydrodesulfurization of heavy oil has been explored in this work. The MCM-41 functionalized sample was synthesized according to method previously reported into the support by simultaneous impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by specific surface area and X-ray diffraction. The pore channel of MCM-41 was confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy and infra red spectroscopy. Catalytic activity tests were carried out using heavy oil from Gulf of Mexico. The API gravity was increased from 12.5 to 20.2, the kinematics viscosity was decreased from 18,700 to 110 c St at 298 K, the contents of asphaltene and sulfur were also reduced. (Author)

  10. Alcohols react with MCM-41 at room temperature and chemically modify mesoporous silica.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Björklund, Sebastian; Kocherbitov, Vitaly

    2017-08-30

    Mesoporous silica has received much attention due to its well-defined structural order, high surface area, and tunable pore diameter. To successfully employ mesoporous silica for nanotechnology applications it is important to consider how it is influenced by solvent molecules due to the fact that most preparation procedures involve treatment in various solvents. In the present work we contribute to this important topic with new results on how MCM-41 is affected by a simple treatment in alcohol at room temperature. The effects of alcohol treatment are characterized by TGA, FTIR, and sorption calorimetry. The results are clear and show that treatment of MCM-41 in methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, or octanol at room temperature introduces alkoxy groups that are covalently bound to the silica surface. It is shown that alcohol treated MCM-41 becomes more hydrophobic and that this effect is sequentially more prominent going from methanol to octanol. Chemical formation of alkoxy groups onto MCM-41 occurs both for calcined and hydroxylated MCM-41 and the alkoxy groups are hydrolytically unstable and can be replaced by silanol groups after exposure to water. The results are highly relevant for mesoporous silica applications that involve contact or treatment in protic solvents, which is very common.

  11. Characterization of mesoporous VOx/MCM-41 composite materials obtained via post-synthesis impregnation

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Bukallah, Saeed B.; Bumajdad, Ali; Khalil, Kamal M.S.; Zaki, Mohamed I.

    2010-01-01

    Spherical-particle MCM-41 was synthesized at room temperature, and, then, impregnated with aqueous solutions of NH 4 VO 3 to produce variously loaded VO x /MCM-41 composite materials. Bulk and surface properties of the materials thus produced were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N 2 sorptiometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results obtained indicated that subsequent calcination at 550 deg. C (for 2 h) of the blank and impregnated MCM-41 particles, results in materials assuming the same bulk structure of MCM-41, and exposing uniformly mesporous, high area surfaces (P w = 2.0-2.3 nm; 974-829 m 2 /g), except for the material obtained at 20 wt%-V 2 O 5 that was shown to suffer a considerable loss on surface area (down to 503 m 2 /g). XPS results implied that the immobilization of the VO x species occurs via interaction with surface OH/H 2 O groups of MCM-41, leading to the formation of vanadate (VO 3 - ) surface species, as well as minor V-O-Si and V 2 O 5 -like species. However, in all cases, the vanadium sites remained pentavalent and exposed on the surface.

  12. Estilos de vida en los estudiantes de enfermería

    OpenAIRE

    Martha Ligia Velandia-Galvis; Jean Carlos Arenas-Parra; Nohora Ortega-Ortega

    2015-01-01

    Objetivo: determinar las principales conductas que constituyen los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. A una muestra de 120 estudiantes de todos los semestres se aplicó el instrumento Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida Saludable, que busca detectar los hábitos de los estudiantes en ocho dimensiones: actividad física, tiempo de ocio, alimentación, consumo de alcohol, cigarrillo y drogas...

  13. Degradación de materiales cerámicos en atmósferas de combustión. Dos casos prácticos: quemadores y turbinas de gas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    García, Eugenio

    2008-12-01

    Full Text Available The use of ceramic materials in energy applications with the aim of power saving through the use of high working temperatures is widely extended due to their better behaviour in those working conditions compared to than metallic materials. However, the combustion environments developed in specific applications can lead to the degradation of such materials. In this work, two ceramic materials employed in these applications are studied; a cordierite material, used as gas radiant burner for its possible application in domestic combustion boilers, and an Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 coating, used as thermal barrier coating on metallic components of a gas turbine for power generation. The microstructure and phase evolution in both materials after ageing under working conditions allows identifying the main degradation mechanism responsible of the degradation.

    El buen comportamiento de los materiales cerámicos en ambientes corrosivos y a altas temperaturas los sitúa, preferentemente, en todos aquellos procesos industriales que buscan el ahorro energético, en particular los procesos de combustión de gases o de derivados del petróleo. Sin embargo, las atmósferas de combustión que se producen en ciertas aplicaciones producen la degradación de estos materiales. En este trabajo se estudian dos ejemplos de materiales cerámicos empleados en este tipo de aplicaciones; un material de cordierita, empleado como quemador de gas radiante para su posible aplicación en calderas de combustión domésticas y un recubrimiento de ZrO2 estabilizado con Y2O3, empleado como barrera térmica en componentes de una turbina de gas para la producción de energía eléctrica. El estudio de la microestructura, la composición química y de fases cristalinas de ambos materiales después de su degradación en uso permite determinar cuales son los mecanismos que han tenido lugar y qué elementos de la atm

  14. Screening for proteins interacting with MCM7 in human lung cancer library using yeast two hybrid system

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Yuchen HAN

    2008-08-01

    Full Text Available Background and objective MCM7 is a subunit of the MCM complex that plays a key role in DNA replication initiation. But little is known about its interaction proteins. In this study yeast two hybrid screening was used to identify the MCM7 interacting proteins. Methods Yeast expression vector containing human full length MCM7-pGBKT7 plasmid was constructed, and with a library of cDNAs from human lung cancer-pACT2 plasmid was transformed into yeast strain AH109, and was electively grew in X-a-gal auxotrophy medium SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade, and the blue colonies were picked up, the plasmid of the yeast colonies was extracted , and transformed into E. Coli to extract DNA and performed sequence analysis. Results Eleven proteins were identified which could specifically interact with MCM7 proteins, among these five were cytoskeleton proteins, six were enzymes, kinases and related receptors. Conclusion The investigation provides functional clues for further exploration of MCM7 gene.

  15. Incidencia de la radiación microondas en la cristalinidad de materiales laminares

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Benito, P.

    2004-02-01

    Full Text Available The results obtained in the preparation of hydrotalcite-like compounds using microwave radiation are reported. The following systems were synthesized: Mg,Al-CO3, Mg,Cr-CO3, Ni,Al-CO3 y Zn,Ni,Al-CO3. The results obtained by the microwave-hydrotermal method have been compared with the conventional-hydrotermal one. A working protocol, which allows us to obtain reproducible results, has been elaborated, and this is a new aspect in the synthesis of inorganic solids. The obtained solids were characterized by several techniques (X ray difracttion, thermal analysis, chemical analysis and N2 adsorption-desorption at –196ºC. Hydrotalcite-like compounds with the desirable chemical composition were obtained. The cristallinity depends on the microwave radiation exposure time in all cases. Materials prepared using microwave radiation exhibit a better grain size homogeneity and a good crystalline degree and it also influences over the water molecules arrangement in the solid.

    Se presentan los resultados obtenidos utilizando radiación microondas en la preparación de compuestos tipo hidrotalcita de composición Mg,Al-CO3, Mg,Cr-CO3, Ni,Al-CO3 y Zn,Ni,Al-CO3. Los materiales obtenidos se comparan con homólogos preparados por métodos convencionales. Se ha elaborado un protocolo de trabajo que permita obtener resultados reproducibles, siendo éste un aspecto novedoso de la utilización de microondas en la síntesis de sólidos inorgánicos. Los sólidos obtenidos fueron caracterizados mediante difracción de rayos X, análisis térmico, análisis químico elemental y adsorción-desorción de N2 a –196ºC. En todos los casos se obtuvieron compuestos tipo hidrotalcita con la composición química deseada. La cristalinidad final del sólido se ve afectada por el tiempo de exposición a la radiación microondas. Los materiales obtenidos utilizando microondas muestran una mayor homogeneidad en el tamaño de grano y un buen grado cristalino y mayor orden

  16. Steam-assisted crystallization of TPA+-exchanged MCM-41 type mesoporous materials with thick pore walls

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Chen, Hong Li; Zhang, Kun; Wang, Yi Meng

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► Mesoporous Ti-containing silica with thicker pore walls was synthesized. ► Ion-exchange and steam-assisted crystallization led to MCM-41/MFI composite. ► The introduction of Ti inhibited the formation of separated MFI particles. ► Lower temperature favored retaining mesoporous characteristics and morphology. -- Abstract: Hierarchical MCM-41/MFI composites were synthesized through ion-exchange of as-made MCM-41 type mesoporous materials with tetrapropylammonium bromide and subsequent steam-assisted recrystallization. The obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR, 1 H– 13 C CP/MAS and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. The XRD patterns show that the MCM-41/MFI composite possesses both ordered MCM-41 phase and zeolite MFI phase. SEM and TEM images indicate that the recrystallized materials retained the mesoporous characteristics and the morphology of as-made mesoporous materials without the formation of bulky zeolite, quite different from the mechanical mixture of MCM-41 and MFI structured zeolite. Among others, lower recrystallization temperature and the introduction of the titanium to the parent materials are beneficial to preserve the mesoporous structure during the recrystallization process.

  17. Effect of amine functionalization of spherical MCM-41 and SBA-15 on controlled drug release

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Szegedi, A.; Popova, M.; Goshev, I.; Mihaly, J.

    2011-01-01

    MCM-41 and SBA-15 silica materials with spherical morphology and different particle sizes were synthesized and modified by post-synthesis method with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A comparative study of the adsorption and release of a model drug, ibuprofen, were carried out. The modified and drug loaded mesoporous materials were characterized by XRD, TEM, N 2 physisorption, thermal analysis, elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy. Surface modification with amino groups resulted in high degree of ibuprofen loading and slow rate of release for MCM-41, whereas it was the opposite for SBA-15. The adsorbed drug content and the delivery rate can be predetermined by the choice of mesoporous material with the appropriate structural characteristics and surface functionality. -- Graphical Abstract: Ibuprofen delivery from the parent and amino-modified spherical MCM-41 materials with 100 nm (small) and 500 nm (large) particle sizes. Display Omitted Highlights: → Spherical type MCM-41 and SBA-15 with different particle sizes were modified by APTES. → Adsorption and release rate of ibuprofen were compared. → High degree of ibuprofen loading, slow release rate for MCM-41, the opposite for SBA-15. → MCM-41 with 100 nm particles was more stable and showed slower release rate

  18. MCM-41 impregnated with A zeolite precursor: Synthesis, characterization and tetracycline antibiotics removal from aqueous solution.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Liu, Minmin; Hou, Li-An; Yu, Shuili; Xi, Beidou; Zhao, Ying; Xia, Xunfeng

    2013-05-01

    In this paper, the MCM-41 has been modified by impregnation with zeolite A to prepare a kind of new adsorbent. The adsorption of TC from aqueous solutions onto modified MCM-41 has been studied. It was discovered that the adsorption capability of zeolite A modified MCM-41 (A-MCM-41) increased dramatically after modification. The modified MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, and 29 Si and 27 Al Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) spectra. The modified MCM-41 structure was still retained after impregnated with zeolite A but the surface area and pore diameter decreased due to pore blockage. The adsorption of TC on modified MCM-41 was discussed regarding various parameters such as pH, initial TC concentration, and the reaction time. The pH effects on TC adsorption indicated that the adsorbents had better adsorption performances in acidic and neutral conditions. The adsorption isotherms were fitted well by the Langmuir model. The adsorption kinetics was well described by both pseudo-second order equation and the intra-particle diffusion model. The adsorption behavior in a fixed-bed column system followed Thomas model. The adsorption behavior of TC was the chemical adsorption with an ion exchange process and electrostatic adsorption.

  19. FT-IR studies on the acidity of gallium-substituted mesoporous MCM-41 silica

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Turnes Palomino, Gemma; Jose Cuart Pascual, Juan; Rodriguez Delgado, Montserrat; Bernardo Parra, Jose; Otero Arean, Carlos

    2004-01-01

    Gallium-containing mesoporous MCM-41 silica was synthesized at a nominal Si:Ga ratio of 16:1. Synthesis was carried out from a parent gel containing no cations other than NH 4 + and cetyltrimethylammonium (template), so that following thermolysis of the template agent and ammonium ions the protonic form, H-GaMCM-41, was obtained. Powder X-ray diffraction showed the characteristic pattern of MCM-41-type materials, and nitrogen adsorption at 77 K lead to a value of 535 m 2 g -1 for the specific (BET) surface area. Infrared spectroscopy of carbon monoxide adsorbed at 77 K, and of pyridine and lutidine adsorbed at room temperature, showed the presence in H-GaMCM-41 of both Broensted and Lewis acid sites. Broensted acidity, assigned to structural Si(OH)Ga groups, was most distinctively proved by protonation of both pyridine and lutidine. Lewis acidity (coordinatively unsaturated Ga 3+ ions) showed up by formation of the characteristic Lewis-type adducts with both CO and pyridine

  20. Fe_3O_4@B-MCM-41: A new magnetically recoverable nanostructured catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Abdollahi-Alibeik, Mohammad; Rezaeipoor-Anari, Ali

    2016-01-01

    Boron modified MCM-41 with magnetite core (Fe_3O_4@B-MCM-41) as a new magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst was prepared and characterized by SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, VSM and FT-IR techniques. The catalytic activity of Fe_3O_4@B-MCM-41 was investigated in the four-component reaction of aldehyde, dimedone, active methylene compounds and ammonium acetate for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines. According to optimization and characterization results the catalyst with Si:B:Fe_3O_4 mole composition of 40:4:1 has the best activity. The catalyst could be recovered easily by external magnet and has excellent reusability many times without significant decrease of activity. - Highlights: • Core–shell Fe_3O_4@MCM-41 nanoparticles modified by boron (Fe_3O_4@B-MCM-41). • Fe_3O_4@B-MCM-41 as reusable catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinolines. • Characterization of Fe_3O_4@B-MCM-41 using SEM, TEM, BET, XRD and FT-IR techniques.

  1. Efeito do cromo nas propriedades catalíticas da MCM-41 The effect of chromium on the catalytic properties of MCM-41

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Alcineia Conceição Oliveira

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available The effect of chromium on the catalytic properties of MCM-41 was evaluated in order to develop new catalysts for the trimethylbenzene transalkylation with benzene to produce ethylbenzene, a high-value aromatic in the industry. It was found that chromium decreases the specific surface area but increases the acidity, turning MCM-41 into an active and selective catalyst for ethylbenzene and toluene production. The coke produced on the catalyst is hydrogenated and mainly located outside the pores and thus can be easily removed. The catalyst is more active and selective than mordenite, a commercial catalyst, and thus more promising for commercial applications.

  2. Mesoporous CeTiSiMCM-48 as novel photocatalyst for degradation of organic compounds

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Mureseanu, Mihaela; Parvulescu, Viorica; Radu, Teodora; Filip, Mihaela; Carja, Gabriela

    2015-01-01

    This work presents novel photocatalysts containing Ti and/or Ce embedded in the mesoporous silica framework (TiSiMCM-48, CeSiMCM-48 and CeTiSiMCM-48) that were prepared via a facile sol–gel process in the presence of ionic structure directing agents. The structural properties of the obtained materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), EDAX analysis, X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS) and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that Ce and Ti were highly dispersed or incorporated into the framework of the cubic SiMCM-48, with an enhanced light-trapping effect both in the UV and Vis regions. When applied to the photocatalytic degradation of phenol, the best results were obtained for the bimetallic hybrid. The best activity of CeTiSiMCM-48 photocatalyst was ascribed to improved electron–hole pair separation efficiency and formation of more reactive oxygen species due to the presence of Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ . The mesoporous support increases the dispersability of the photoactive Ti 4+ or Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ species on the catalyst surface and the accessibility of the substrate to the active sites. Furthermore, the catalysts can be easily recovered and reused for four cycles without significant loss of activity. - Highlights: • Novel photocatalysts containing Ti and/or Ce embedded in the mesoporous MCM-48 silica. • Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ improved electron–hole pair separation and reactivity of oxygen species. • The mesoporous support increases the dispersability of the photoactive species. • The photocatalyst was highly active and stable for phenol degradation under UV irradiation. • TiCeSiMCM-48 can be recycled up to four cycles without significant loss of activity

  3. Ordered cubic nanoporous silica support MCM-48 for delivery of poorly soluble drug indomethacin

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zeleňák, Vladimír; Halamová, Dáša; Almáši, Miroslav; Žid, Lukáš; Zeleňáková, Adriána; Kapusta, Ondrej

    2018-06-01

    Ordered MCM-48 nanoporous silica (SBET = 923(3) m2·g-1, VP = 0.63(2) cm3·g-1) with cubic Ia3d symmetry was used as a support for drug delivery of anti-inflammatory poorly soluble drug indomethacin. The delivery from parent, unmodified MCM-48, and 3-aminopropyl modified silica carrier was studied into the simulated body fluids with the pH = 2 and pH = 7.4. The studied samples were characterized by thermal analysis (TG/DTG-DTA), N2 adsorption/desorption, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder XRD, SEM, HRTEM methods, measurements of zeta potential (ζ) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The determined content of indomethacin in pure MCM-48 was 21 wt.% and in the amine-modified silica MCM-48A-I the content was 45 wt.%. The release profile of the drug, in the time period up to 72 h, was monitored by TLC chromatographic method. It as shown, that by the modification of the surface, the drug release can be controlled. The slower release of indomethacin was observed from amino modified sample MCM-48A-I in the both types of studied simulated body fluids (slightly alkaline intravenous solution with pH = 7.4 and acidic gastric fluid with pH = 2), which was supported and explained by zeta potential and DLS measurements. The amount of the released indomethacin into the fluids with various pH was different. The maximum released amount of the drug was 97% for sample containing unmodified silica, MCM-48-I at pH = 7.4 and lowest released amount, 57%, for amine modified sample MCM-48A-I at pH = 2. To compare the indomethacin release profile four kinetic models were tested. Results showed, that that the drug release based on diffusion Higuchi model, mainly governs the release.

  4. Aplicación de las técnicas fototérmicas al estudio de materiales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Salazar, A.

    2000-08-01

    Full Text Available In this paper a general description of the photothermal techniques and its applications is presented. In particular, we concentrate our effort in those developed in our laboratory: infrared radiometry, photothermal reflectance and mirage effect. We also present their application to the measurement of the thermal diffusivity of a wide variety of materials and to the detection and characterization of subsurface features in opaque solids.

    En este trabajo presentamos una descripción detallada de las técnicas fototérmicas y de sus aplicaciones al estudio de materiales. En particular, nos vamos a centrar en aquellas técnicas desarrolladas en nuestro laboratorio: radiometría infrarroja, termorreflectancia y efecto “mirage”, junto con los resultados más importantes que hemos obtenido en el estudio de las propiedades térmicas de una amplia gama de materiales y en la detección y caracterización de defectos subsuperficiales en sólidos opacos.

  5. Synthesis of cerium oxide catalysts supported on MCM-41 molecular sieve

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Souza, E.L.S.; Barros, T.R.B.; Sousa, B.V. de

    2016-01-01

    Porous materials have been widely studied as catalysts and catalyst support. The MCM-41 structure is the one that has been most studied because of its application possibilities in chemical processes. This work aimed to obtain and characterize cerium oxide catalysts supported on MCM-41 molecular sieve. The molecular sieve was synthesized by the conventional method with the following molar composition: 1 SiO2: 0.30 CTABr: NH3 11: 144 H2O. Then, 25% w/w cerium was incorporated into the MCM-41 using the wet impregnation process and the material obtained was activated by calcination. From the XRD patterns was confirmed the structure of the molecular sieve, and were identified the cerium oxide phases in its structure. The textural catalysts characteristics were investigated by isotherms of N2 adsorption/desorption (BET method). (author)

  6. Ibuprofen in mesopores of Mobil Crystalline Material 41 (MCM-41): a deeper understanding.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Skorupska, Ewa; Jeziorna, Agata; Paluch, Piotr; Potrzebowski, Marek J

    2014-05-05

    In this work, we compared two methods (incipient wetness and melting) for the encapsulation of ibuprofen in the pores of Mobil Crystalline Material 41 (MCM-41) through NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. (1)H NMR spectra were recorded under very fast MAS (sample spinning 60 kHz) conditions in both 1D and 2D mode (NOESY sequence). We also performed (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) experiments, (13)C single pulse experiments (SPE), and (1)H-(13)C HSQC HR/MAS (heteronuclear single quantum coherence high resolution) HR/MAS correlations. Evaluation of the encapsulation methods included an analysis of the filling factor of the drug into the pores. The stability of Ibu/MCM in an environment of ethanol or water vapor was tested. Our study showed that melting a mixture of Ibu and MCM is a much more efficient method of confining the drug in the pores compared to incipient wetness. The optimal experiments for the former method achieved a filling factor of approximately 60%. We concluded that the major limitation to the applicability of the incipient wetness method (filling factor ca. 20%) is the high affinity of solvent (typically ethanol) for MCM-41. We found that even ethanol vapor can remove Ibu from the pores. When a sample of Ibu/MCM was stored for a few hours in a closed vessel with ethanol vapor, Ibu was transported from the pores to the outer walls of MCM. We observed a similar phenomenon with water vapor, although this process is slower compared to the analogous procedure using ethanol. Our study clearly demonstrates that existing methods used to encapsulate drugs in mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) require reevaluation.

  7. Efecto de empaquetamiento de las partículas en la durabilidad de los hormigones de alto desempeño

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Castro

    Full Text Available Puesto que las estructuras de hormigón están expuestas a un alto grado de agresividad, se han realizado muchas investigaciones al respecto, en el área de la tecnología del hormigón. Los investigadores se han enfocado en la búsqueda de materiales que posean un mejor comportamiento mecánico así como una mayor durabilidad, para lo cual es necesario un hormigón obtenido mediante la ingeniería de la microestructura de los materiales. Como los materiales compuestos están formados por partículas de granulometría fina y una baja razón agua/aglomerante logran una matriz densa cuando se optimiza el empacamiento de sus partículas. Basándose en el concepto de empacamiento de las partículas en el diseño de los hormigones de alto desempeño, este trabajo analiza la durabilidad de esos materiales a través de la determinación de la penetración del ion cloruro y absorción de agua por inmersión y capilaridad. Se compararon las propiedades del hormigón diseñado bajo este concepto con las de los hormigones de alto desempeño diseñados de acuerdo a la metodología convencional, mostrando mejores propiedades en términos de durabilidad.

  8. Evaluación de la resistencia a los sulfates de cemento con ceniza volante (utilizando el método de Koch & Steinegger)

    OpenAIRE

    Irassar, Edgardo F.; Sota, Jorge D.; Batic, Oscar R.

    1988-01-01

    El aumento del consumo de las adiciones minerales activas en los materiales cementíceos contemporáneos ha determinado la revisión de algunos métodos de ensayo utilizados para determinar sus propiedades. En la evaluación de la durabilidad de los cementos compuestos, muchos ensayos de corta duración (de gran aplicación en cementos portland) dejan de tener validez, pues no permiten evaluar las mejoras que producen los materiales puzolánicos. El método propuesto por KOCH...

  9. Development of the MCM-D technique for pixel detector modules

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Grah, C.

    2005-03-01

    This thesis treats a copper--polymer based thin film technology, the MCM-D technique and its application when building hybrid pixel detector modules. The ATLAS experiment at the LHC will be equipped with a pixel detector system. The basic mechanical units of the pixel detector are multi chip modules. The main components of these modules are: 16 electronic chips, a controller chip and a large sensor tile, featuring more than 46000 sensor cells. MCM-D is a superior technique to build the necessary signal bus system and the power distribution system directly on the active sensor tile. In collaboration with the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration, IZM, the thin film process is reviewed and enhanced. The multi layer system was designed and optimized for the interconnection system as well as for the 46000 pixel contacts. Laboratory measurements on prototypes prove that complex routing schemes for geometrically optimized single chips are suitable and have negligible influence on the front--end chips performance. A full scale MCM-D module has been built and it is shown that the technology is suitable to build pixel detector modules. Further tests include the investigation of the impact of hadronic irradiation on the thin film layers. Single chip assemblies have been operated in a test beam environment and the feasibility of the optimization of the sensors could be shown. A review on the potential as well as the perspective for the MCM-D technique in future experiments is given

  10. Interaction of RECQ4 and MCM10 is important for efficient DNA replication origin firing in human cells

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Kliszczak, Maciej; Sedlackova, Hana; Pitchai, Ganesha P

    2015-01-01

    DNA replication is a highly coordinated process that is initiated at multiple replication origins in eukaryotes. These origins are bound by the origin recognition complex (ORC), which subsequently recruits the Mcm2-7 replicative helicase in a Cdt1/Cdc6-dependent manner. In budding yeast, two...... essential replication factors, Sld2 and Mcm10, are then important for the activation of replication origins. In humans, the putative Sld2 homolog, RECQ4, interacts with MCM10. Here, we have identified two mutants of human RECQ4 that are deficient in binding to MCM10. We show that these RECQ4 variants...... are able to complement the lethality of an avian cell RECQ4 deletion mutant, indicating that the essential function of RECQ4 in vertebrates is unlikely to require binding to MCM10. Nevertheless, we show that the RECQ4-MCM10 interaction is important for efficient replication origin firing....

  11. SYNTHESIS OF MCM-41 NANOMATERIAL FROM ALGERIAN ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    T. Ali-Dahmane

    1 mai 2017 ... Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0. International License. Libraries Resource Directory. We are listed under Research Associations category. SYNTHESIS OF MCM-41 NANOMATERIAL FROM ALGERIAN BENTONITE:.

  12. The Mini-Chromosome Maintenance (Mcm) Complexes Interact with DNA Polymerase α-Primase and Stimulate Its Ability to Synthesize RNA Primers

    Science.gov (United States)

    You, Zhiying; De Falco, Mariarosaria; Kamada, Katsuhiko; Pisani, Francesca M.; Masai, Hisao

    2013-01-01

    The Mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) proteins are essential as central components for the DNA unwinding machinery during eukaryotic DNA replication. DNA primase activity is required at the DNA replication fork to synthesize short RNA primers for DNA chain elongation on the lagging strand. Although direct physical and functional interactions between helicase and primase have been known in many prokaryotic and viral systems, potential interactions between helicase and primase have not been explored in eukaryotes. Using purified Mcm and DNA primase complexes, a direct physical interaction is detected in pull-down assays between the Mcm2∼7 complex and the hetero-dimeric DNA primase composed of the p48 and p58 subunits. The Mcm4/6/7 complex co-sediments with the primase and the DNA polymerase α-primase complex in glycerol gradient centrifugation and forms a Mcm4/6/7-primase-DNA ternary complex in gel-shift assays. Both the Mcm4/6/7 and Mcm2∼7 complexes stimulate RNA primer synthesis by DNA primase in vitro. However, primase inhibits the Mcm4/6/7 helicase activity and this inhibition is abolished by the addition of competitor DNA. In contrast, the ATP hydrolysis activity of Mcm4/6/7 complex is not affected by primase. Mcm and primase proteins mutually stimulate their DNA-binding activities. Our findings indicate that a direct physical interaction between primase and Mcm proteins may facilitate priming reaction by the former protein, suggesting that efficient DNA synthesis through helicase-primase interactions may be conserved in eukaryotic chromosomes. PMID:23977294

  13. The mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm complexes interact with DNA polymerase α-primase and stimulate its ability to synthesize RNA primers.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhiying You

    Full Text Available The Mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm proteins are essential as central components for the DNA unwinding machinery during eukaryotic DNA replication. DNA primase activity is required at the DNA replication fork to synthesize short RNA primers for DNA chain elongation on the lagging strand. Although direct physical and functional interactions between helicase and primase have been known in many prokaryotic and viral systems, potential interactions between helicase and primase have not been explored in eukaryotes. Using purified Mcm and DNA primase complexes, a direct physical interaction is detected in pull-down assays between the Mcm2~7 complex and the hetero-dimeric DNA primase composed of the p48 and p58 subunits. The Mcm4/6/7 complex co-sediments with the primase and the DNA polymerase α-primase complex in glycerol gradient centrifugation and forms a Mcm4/6/7-primase-DNA ternary complex in gel-shift assays. Both the Mcm4/6/7 and Mcm2~7 complexes stimulate RNA primer synthesis by DNA primase in vitro. However, primase inhibits the Mcm4/6/7 helicase activity and this inhibition is abolished by the addition of competitor DNA. In contrast, the ATP hydrolysis activity of Mcm4/6/7 complex is not affected by primase. Mcm and primase proteins mutually stimulate their DNA-binding activities. Our findings indicate that a direct physical interaction between primase and Mcm proteins may facilitate priming reaction by the former protein, suggesting that efficient DNA synthesis through helicase-primase interactions may be conserved in eukaryotic chromosomes.

  14. Adsorption of heavy metals on amine-functionalized MCM-48

    Science.gov (United States)

    Taba, P.; Budi, P.; Puspitasari, A. Y.

    2017-04-01

    The ordered mesoporous silica with cubic structure, MCM-48 was synthesized by post-synthesis under basic media using colloidal silica, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, and Triton X-100. The modified material, NH2-MCM-48 was prepared using 3-aminopropyl trimetoxysilane (3-APTMS). X-ray diffraction and FT-IR were used to characterize the samples. The modified material was utilized for adsorption of Cu2+and Mn2+ from aqueous solution. Parameters used for studying the adsorption process were pH, time of contact, and the initial concentrations of Cu2+ and Mn2+ ions. Desorption of ions from the adsorbent was also studied using several desorbing agents. The pseudo-second order was found to be the kinetic order for the metals adsorption. The adsorption of Cu2+ and Mn2+ on NH2-MCM-48 was fixed by the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model with the capacity of 0.52 and 0.80 mmol g-1 for Cu2+ and Mn2+, respectively. The best desorbing agents for removing the adsorbed Cu2+ and Mn2+ from the adsorbent were 1 M HNO3 and 1 M HC1, respectively.

  15. Mechanical Integrity Issues at MCM-Cs for High Reliability Applications

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Morgenstern, H.A.; Tarbutton, T.J.; Becka, G.A.; Uribe, F.; Monroe, S.; Burchett, S.

    1998-01-01

    During the qualification of a new high reliability low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) multichip module (MCM), two issues relating to the electrical and mechanical integrity of the LTCC network were encountered while performing qualification testing. One was electrical opens after aging tests that were caused by cracks in the solder joints. The other was fracturing of the LTCC networks during mechanical testing. Through failure analysis, computer modeling, bend testing, and test samples, changes were identified. Upon implementation of all these changes, the modules passed testing, and the MCM was placed into production

  16. Synthesis and catalytic performance of ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve from palygorskite

    Science.gov (United States)

    Jiang, Jinlong; Wu, Mei; Yang, Yong; Duanmu, Chuansong; Chen, Jing; Gu, Xu

    2017-10-01

    ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve has been hydrothermally synthesized through a two-step crystallization process using palygorskite (PAL) as silicon and aluminum source. The products were characterized by various means and their catalytic properties for acetalization of cyclohexanone and esterification of acetic acid and n-butanol were also investigated. In the first step ZSM-5 zeolite could be formed from the acid-treated PAL after hydrothermal treatment using tetrapropylammonium bromide as template. XRD patterns, N2 adsorption and desorption data, and TEM images show that the composite obtained in the secondary step had a well-ordered mesoporous MCM-41 phase and a microporous ZSM-5 zeolite phase. Compared with ZSM-5, ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite possessed more total acid amount, weak acid sites and large pore structure due to the formation of MCM-41 and exhibited higher catalytic activity for the acetalization and esterification reaction.

  17. Los materiales pétreos naturales: la piedra natural

    OpenAIRE

    Fort González, Rafael

    2012-01-01

    El trabajo forma parte del material del curso de posgrado "La conservación de los geomateriales utilizados en el patrimonio", celebrado en mayo de 2011 en la sede de la Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas IGEO (CSIC-UCM).

  18. Evaluation of Optimal Pore Size of (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane Grafted MCM-41 for Improved CO2 Adsorption

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Zhilin Liu

    2015-01-01

    Full Text Available An array of new MCM-41 with substantially larger average pore diameters was synthesized through adding 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB as the swelling agent to explore the effect of pore size on final adsorbent properties. The pore expanded MCM-41 was also grafted with (3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES to determine the optimal pore size for CO2 adsorption. The pore-expanded mesoporous MCM-41s showed relatively less structural regularity but significant increments of pore diameter (4.64 to 7.50 nm; the fraction of mesopore volume also illustrated an increase. The adsorption heat values were correlated with the order of the adsorption capacities for pore expanded MCM-41s. After amine functionalization, the adsorption capacities and heat values showed a significant increase. APTES-grafted pore-expanded MCM-41s depicted a high potential for CO2 capture regardless of the major drawback of the high energy required for regeneration.

  19. Efeito do cromo nas propriedades catalíticas da MCM-41

    OpenAIRE

    Oliveira,Alcineia Conceição; Rangel,Maria do Carmo; Fierro,José Luís Garcia; Reyes,Patrício; Oportus,Marcelo

    2005-01-01

    The effect of chromium on the catalytic properties of MCM-41 was evaluated in order to develop new catalysts for the trimethylbenzene transalkylation with benzene to produce ethylbenzene, a high-value aromatic in the industry. It was found that chromium decreases the specific surface area but increases the acidity, turning MCM-41 into an active and selective catalyst for ethylbenzene and toluene production. The coke produced on the catalyst is hydrogenated and mainly located outside the pores...

  20. Enseñar a los adolescentes los riesgos de las redes sociales: una propuesta de intervención en Secundaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ellen Vanderhoven

    2014-07-01

    Full Text Available La creciente popularidad de las redes sociales (RS está causando preocupación por la privacidad y la seguridad de los usuarios, particularmente de los adolescentes que muestran diversas formas de conductas de riesgo en las redes sociales. En este contexto, la alfabetización mediática emerge como una prioridad e investigadores, profesores, padres y adolescentes enfatizan la responsabilidad de la escuela de enseñar a los adolescentes acerca de los riesgos en RS y cómo utilizarlas sin peligro. Sin embargo, los materiales educativos existentes no están teóricamente fundamentados, no abordan todos los riesgos específicos que los adolescentes pueden encontrar en las redes y carecen de evaluaciones de resultados. Además, estudios acerca de la educación mediática indican que, mientras los cambios a nivel de conocimientos suelen obtenerse fácilmente cambios en las actitudes y el comportamiento son mucho más difíciles de lograr. Por este motivo, nuevos paquetes educativos han sido desarrollados teniendo en cuenta directrices educativas. Posteriormente se llevó a cabo un estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental a fin de verificar si estos materiales son eficaces para cambiar el conocimiento, las actitudes y el comportamiento de los adolescentes en las redes sociales. El estudio constató que los cursos obtienen su objetivo en la sensibilización de los riesgos tratados. Sin embargo, no se observó ningún impacto en las actitudes hacia el riesgo, y el impacto en el comportamiento de los adolescentes en relación con estos riesgos fue limitado. Las implicaciones de este estudio son discutidas.

  1. Revision de materiales y recursos utilizados en educación infantil en el idioma inglés durante el periodo del practicum

    OpenAIRE

    Navarro Ansón, María

    2013-01-01

    Éste es un Trabajo de Fin de Grado en el cual se desarrolla una revisión bibliográfica sobre los materiales y recursos utilizados en Educación Infantil en la enseñanza del inglés. Además, hay aportaciones propias de la autora, tras su experiencia en el Practicum y los conocimientos adquiridos durante la realización del Grado. En el trabajo se hace una breve reseña sobre la importancia de la enseñanza de un segundo idioma extranjero en Educación Infantil. Además, se analizan los diferentes ...

  2. Pasado, presente y futuro cercano de los materiales para uso en implantes óseos biodegradables

    OpenAIRE

    Plazas Bonilla, Clara Eugenia; Perilla, Jairo Ernesto

    2011-01-01

    El manejo de fracturas y defectos óseos procura la regeneración del tejido óseo respetando su anatomía y buscando recuperar su funcionalidad. El logro de este objetivo se inició en el siglo XVII con el uso de injertos de origen animal o humano, y ha llegado en la actualidad al uso de implantes, dispositivos elaborados en materiales naturales o sintéticos que comportan una gran variedad de propiedades químicas, físicas y biológicas. Las investigaciones en el área continúan encaminándose a la s...

  3. Preparation of H-mordenite/MCM-48 composite and its catalytic performance in the alkylation of toluene with tert-butanol

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Zhiwei; Cheng, Fuling; Qin, Juan; Yu, Pengcheng; Xu, Lin; Gu, Zhiqiang; Liu, Xiaoqin; Wu, Wenliang

    2017-09-01

    A series of HM/MCM-48 samples with different SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio were prepared by sol-gel method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD, FT-IR, SEM, and TEM techniques, and their catalytic performance was investigated in alkylation of toluene with tert-butanol. The adsorption capacity and the acid sites amount of HM/MCM-48-4 sample prepared by growing MCM-48 on the surface of HM zeolite are much higher than that of their mechanical mixture (HM/MCM-48(4) sample) due to its biporous structure; it shows higher catalytic performance than other HM/MCM-48 samples. The influence of reaction conditions on the catalytic performance of HM/MCM-48-4 zeolite was discussed. Toluene conversion of 41.4% and p-tert-butyltoluene selectivity of 73.5% were obtained at the weight ratio of toluene to HM/MCM-48-4 of 5, reaction temperature of 453 K, reaction time of 5 h and the molar ratio of toluene to tert-butanol of 0.5.

  4. Effect of Co Mo/HSO{sub 3}-functionalized MCM-41 over heavy oil

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Schacht, P.; Ramirez G, M.; Ramirez, S. [Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Eje Central Lazaro Cardenas No. 152, 07730 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Aguilar P, J.; Norena F, L. [Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana, Unidad Azcapotzalco, Av. San Pablo No. 180, 02200 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Abu, I., E-mail: pschacha@imp.m [University of Calgary, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 (Canada)

    2010-07-01

    The potential of Co-Mo metals supported on functionalized MCM-41 as catalyst to hydrodesulfurization of heavy oil has been explored in this work. The MCM-41 functionalized sample was synthesized according to method previously reported into the support by simultaneous impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by specific surface area and X-ray diffraction. The pore channel of MCM-41 was confirmed by transmission electronic microscopy and infra red spectroscopy. Catalytic activity tests were carried out using heavy oil from Gulf of Mexico. The API gravity was increased from 12.5 to 20.2, the kinematics viscosity was decreased from 18,700 to 110 c St at 298 K, the contents of asphaltene and sulfur were also reduced. (Author)

  5. Materiales en lámina delgada sobre sustratos cerámicos para aplicaciones fotovoltaicas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Guillén, C.

    2005-02-01

    Full Text Available Various ceramic supports besides standard soda-lime glass have been utilized as substrates for deposition of molybdenum and copper indium diselenide layers (substrate/Mo/CuInSe2 heterostructures for application in thin film photovoltaic solar cells. Molybdenum layers have been prepared simultaneously onto the different substrates by electron gun assisted evaporation. Subsequently, CuInSe2 thin films have been obtained by direct electrodeposition onto the Mo-coated substrates. The influence of the substrate characteristics onto the optical and structural properties of the developed materials has been determined to evaluate the possibility of substituting the commonly utilized glass by ceramics that can wide the applications of these photovoltaic systems. The obtained results indicate that the scattering factor and the structural stress in the layers are minimized when the morphological characteristics of the ceramic are close to those of the standard glass substrates.

    Se han probado distintos tipos de soportes cerámicos y vidrio sodocálcico convencional como sustratos sobre los que se han depositado películas de molibdeno y seleniuro de cobre e indio (heteroestructuras de la forma sustrato/Mo/CuInSe2 para su aplicación en células solares fotovoltaicas de lámina delgada. Las películas de Mo se han preparado simultáneamente sobre los distintos sustratos mediante evaporación asistida por cañón de electrones. A continuación, las láminas delgadas de CuInSe2 se han obtenido mediante electrodepósito directo sobre los sustratos cubiertos con Mo. Se ha determinado la influencia del tipo de sustrato empleado sobre las propiedades ópticas y estructurales de los materiales preparados, con objeto de evaluar las posibilidades de sustitución del soporte de vidrio usualmente utilizado por materiales cerámicos que permitan diversificar las aplicaciones fotovoltaicas de este tipo de sistemas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el factor

  6. INNOVACIÓN EN LA EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA Y EN EL DEPORTE ESCOLAR: MÉTODOS DE ENSEÑANZA, DEPORTES Y MATERIALES ALTERNATIVOS

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Tomás Peire Fernández

    2015-05-01

    Full Text Available Es una opinión generalizada que en el ámbito de la docencia de la educación física escolar y en la enseñanza de la iniciación deportiva, se siguen empleando métodos y se realizan actividades que han variado muy poco en los últimos 30 años. (Barbero, 2000.Esta dificultad para evolucionar e innovar es difícil de entender y de explicar. En otros aspectos del deporte los avances han sido muy evidentes y destacados; modalidades de actividades para la mejora de la condición física que se realizan en gimnasios y centros especializados, desarrollo de nuevos deportes en el medio natural, la aparición de avanzadas tecnologías aplicadas a la mejora de la técnica individual y de equipo en las diferentes especialidades deportivas, sofisticadas teorías y metodologías sobre estrategias y técnicas para la mejora del rendimiento de los equipos, comercialización de materiales y equipamientos de diseño y prestaciones impensables hace pocos años para gimnasios y salas de fitness, vestimentas deportivas futuristas, etc.Y sin embargo, la didáctica de la educación física y los deportes, las actividades que se realizan en las clases de educación física y en los entrenamientos deportivos con niños, en la mayor parte de los casos, son igual que siempre.Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre la resistencia al cambio en la educación física y el deporte, y proponer algunas vías para la innovación en las metodologías, las actividades y los materiales que pueden utilizarse en los programas deportivos para escolares de 6 a 14 años.

  7. RIQUEZA FLORÍSTICA, ENDEMISMO Y FORMAS DE VIDA DE LOS BOSQUES Y LOS MATORRALES DE LAS TERRAZAS COSTERAS DE LA RESERVA DE LA BIOSFERA BACONAO, CUBA

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    LUZ MARGARITA FIGUEREDO CARDONA

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Se analizó la riqueza florística, el endemismo y las formas de vida de ocho tipos de vegetación entre bosques y matorrales de las terrazas costeras de la reserva de la biosfera Baconao. A partir de las recolectas en las expediciones de campo, la revisión de materiales de herbario e inventarios florísticos precedentes, se elaboró la lista de especies vegetales. Se identificaron 757 especies de 387 géneros y 87 familias botánicas. Del total, 108 son introducidas y 649 nativas, de éstas 164 son endémicas. Los matorrales costeros y los bosques semideciduos presentaron la mayor riqueza de especies y endemismos, además de alta similitud biológica, debido a las condiciones edáficas en que se desarrollan. Las familias con mayor riqueza específica fueron: Leguminosae (96, Malvaceae (58, Rubiaceae (42, Euphorbiaceae (41, Apocynaceae (34, Boraginaceae (33 y Poaceae (29. Predominaron los elementos de origen gondwánico (59.2 %, seguidos de los laurásicos (22.4 % y los de origen desconocido (18.4 %, con prevalecía de arbustos centro amazónicos. Se reconocieron 164 especies endémicas, de éstas 58 pancubanos, 45 sectoriales, 26 distritales y 35 multisectoriales. Es significativa la presencia de ocho géneros endémicos, siete monoespecíficos. Se registraron 35 especies amenazadas, 22 de ellas endémicas que se encuentran en áreas protegidas con categoría estricta de manejo. Se encontraron nueve formas de vida, con predominio de arbustos (283, árboles (179, hierbas (139 y trepadoras (108.

  8. Minichromosome maintenance helicase paralog MCM9 is dispensible for DNA replication but functions in germ-line stem cells and tumor suppression.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Hartford, Suzanne A; Luo, Yunhai; Southard, Teresa L; Min, Irene M; Lis, John T; Schimenti, John C

    2011-10-25

    Effective DNA replication is critical to the health and reproductive success of organisms. The six MCM2-7 proteins, which form the replicative helicase, are essential for high-fidelity replication of the genome. Many eukaryotes have a divergent paralog, MCM9, that was reported to be essential for loading MCM2-7 onto replication origins in the Xenopus oocyte extract system. To address the in vivo role of mammalian MCM9, we created and analyzed the phenotypes of mice with various mutations in Mcm9 and an intronic DNA replication-related gene Asf1a. Ablation of Mcm9 was compatible with cell proliferation and mouse viability, showing that it is nonessential for MCM2-7 loading or DNA replication. Mcm9 mutants underwent p53-independent embryonic germ-cell depletion in both sexes, with males also exhibiting defective spermatogonial stem-cell renewal. MCM9-deficient cells had elevated genomic instability and defective cell cycle reentry following replication stress, and mutant animals were prone to sex-specific cancers, most notably hepatocellular carcinoma in males. The phenotypes of mutant mice and cells suggest that MCM9 evolved a specialized but nonessential role in DNA replication or replication-linked quality-control mechanisms that are especially important for germ-line stem cells, and also for tumor suppression and genome maintenance in the soma.

  9. Preparation and spectroscopic studies of PbS/nanoMCM-41 nanocomposite

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    A. Pourahmad

    2014-11-01

    Full Text Available The present work describes the preparation and characterization of nanosized PbS particles inside the mesopore channels of nanoMCM-41 silicate molecular sieves. The encapsulation of the lead sulfide was carried out at room temperature by ion-exchange method. Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet–visible spectroscopic studies showed a significant shift in the absorption band for the entrapped metal sulfide as compared to corresponding bulk sulfide. Thus, confirming the quantum confinement of the incorporated nanoparticles in nanoMCM-41.

  10. Classificação ABC dos materiais: uma ferramenta gerencial de custos em enfermagem Clasificación ABC de materiales: una herramienta gerencial de costos en enfermería ABC supplies classification: a managment tool of costs in nursing

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Karina Gomes Lourenço

    2006-02-01

    Full Text Available A implementação de sistemas que auxiliam no gerenciamento de custos é importante para a área de saúde, quando visa contenção de gastos e melhoria da qualidade do serviço. A classificação ABC dos materiais é uma estratégia aplicada para controle de gastos com estoque. A finalidade deste estudo é conhecer o perfil dos gastos com material de consumo do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo no período de um ano. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo com análise quantitativa dos dados. Dos 1938 materiais classificados, 67 itens foram Classe A, que correspondem aos materiais com maiores custos para o hospital. 31,3% destes itens correspondem a materiais assistenciais, mais utilizados pela equipe de enfermagem.La implementación de los sistemas que auxilian en la gerencia de costos es importante para la área del servicio médico, por la contención de costos y mejoría de la calida de los servicios. La clasificación ABC de los materiales es una estrategia aplicada para el control de costos del inventario. La finalidad del trabajo es conocer el perfil de costos con materiales de consumo del Hospital Universitario de la Universidad de São Paulo en el periodo de uno año. Consiste en un análisis cuantitativo de exploratorio-descriptivo de los datos. De los 1938 materiales clasificados, 67 ítems fueron Classe A, que corresponden a los materiales de mayores costos para el hospital. 31.3% de los ítems corresponden a los materiales asistenciales, mas utilizados por el equipo de enfermera.The implementation of costs management systems has been extremely helpful to healthcare area owing to their efficacy in cutting expenditures as well as improving service quality. The ABC classification is an applied strategy to stocktaking and control. The research, which consists of an exploratory/descriptive quantitative analysis, has been carried out in order to identify, in a year time period, the demand for supplies at

  11. Materiales y recursos digitales

    OpenAIRE

    Silva i Galán, Josep M.

    2011-01-01

    La oferta de herramientas, materiales y contenidos educativos digitales es ilimitada y obliga al profesorado a buscarlos, seleccionarlos y almacenarlos de una forma muy distinta a cómo estaba acostumbrado. ¿De qué recursos dispone? ¿Cómo puede organizarlos? ¿Y compartirlos?

  12. Análisis de la relación formulación-proceso-estructura en materiales celulares basados en poliolefinas

    OpenAIRE

    Múgica Izaguirre, Mikel

    2015-01-01

    Este trabajo de fin de grado trata de cuantificar la influencia del tamaño de partícula de un agente espumante químico exotérmico (la azodicarbonamida) en los mecanismos físicos involucrados en el proceso de espumado. Se comienza con el análisis morfológico y térmico de los materiales de partida. Analizando la información obtenida por medio de instrumentación específica, contrastada con la disponible en la bibliografía, se diseñan las mezclas basadas en polietileno de baja densidad y azodicar...

  13. Tetracycline-Containing MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Escherichia coli.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Koneru, Bhuvaneswari; Shi, Yi; Wang, Yu-Chieh; Chavala, Sai H; Miller, Michael L; Holbert, Brittany; Conson, Maricar; Ni, Aiguo; Di Pasqua, Anthony J

    2015-10-30

    Tetracycline (TC) is a well-known broad spectrum antibiotic, which is effective against many Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Controlled release nanoparticle formulations of TC have been reported, and could be beneficial for application in the treatment of periodontitis and dental bone infections. Furthermore, TC-controlled transcriptional regulation systems (Tet-on and Tet-off) are useful for controlling transgene expression in vitro and in vivo for biomedical research purposes; controlled TC release systems could be useful here, as well. Mesoporous silica nanomaterials (MSNs) are widely studied for drug delivery applications; Mobile crystalline material 41 (MCM-41), a type of MSN, has a mesoporous structure with pores forming channels in a hexagonal fashion. We prepared 41 ± 4 and 406 ± 55 nm MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles and loaded TC for controlled dug release; TC content in the TC-MCM-41 nanoparticles was 18.7% and 17.7% w/w, respectively. Release of TC from TC-MCM-41 nanoparticles was then measured in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.2, at 37 °C over a period of 5 h. Most antibiotic was released from both over this observation period; however, the majority of TC was released over the first hour. Efficacy of the TC-MCM-41 nanoparticles was then shown to be superior to free TC against Escherichia coli (E. coli) in culture over a 24 h period, while blank nanoparticles had no effect.

  14. Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Dynamic Interactions of the Minichromosome Maintenance Complex (MCM) in the Cellular Response to Etoposide Induced DNA Damage.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Drissi, Romain; Dubois, Marie-Line; Douziech, Mélanie; Boisvert, François-Michel

    2015-07-01

    The minichromosome maintenance complex (MCM) proteins are required for processive DNA replication and are a target of S-phase checkpoints. The eukaryotic MCM complex consists of six proteins (MCM2-7) that form a heterohexameric ring with DNA helicase activity, which is loaded on chromatin to form the pre-replication complex. Upon entry in S phase, the helicase is activated and opens the DNA duplex to recruit DNA polymerases at the replication fork. The MCM complex thus plays a crucial role during DNA replication, but recent work suggests that MCM proteins could also be involved in DNA repair. Here, we employed a combination of stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based quantitative proteomics with immunoprecipitation of green fluorescent protein-tagged fusion proteins to identify proteins interacting with the MCM complex, and quantify changes in interactions in response to DNA damage. Interestingly, the MCM complex showed very dynamic changes in interaction with proteins such as Importin7, the histone chaperone ASF1, and the Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3 (CHD3) following DNA damage. These changes in interactions were accompanied by an increase in phosphorylation and ubiquitination on specific sites on the MCM proteins and an increase in the co-localization of the MCM complex with γ-H2AX, confirming the recruitment of these proteins to sites of DNA damage. In summary, our data indicate that the MCM proteins is involved in chromatin remodeling in response to DNA damage. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  15. Analysis of Mcm2-7 chromatin binding during anaphase and in the transition to quiescence in fission yeast

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Namdar, Mandana; Kearsey, Stephen E.

    2006-01-01

    Mcm2-7 proteins are generally considered to function as a heterohexameric complex, providing helicase activity for the elongation step of DNA replication. These proteins are loaded onto replication origins in M-G1 phase in a process termed licensing or pre-replicative complex formation. It is likely that Mcm2-7 proteins are loaded onto chromatin simultaneously as a pre-formed hexamer although some studies suggest that subcomplexes are recruited sequentially. To analyze this process in fission yeast, we have compared the levels and chromatin binding of Mcm2-7 proteins during the fission yeast cell cycle. Mcm subunits are present at approximately 1 x 10 4 molecules/cell and are bound with approximately equal stoichiometry on chromatin in G1/S phase cells. Using a single cell assay, we have correlated the timing of chromatin association of individual Mcm subunits with progression through mitosis. This showed that Mcm2, 4 and 7 associate with chromatin at about the same stage of anaphase, suggesting that licensing involves the simultaneous binding of these subunits. We also examined Mcm2-7 chromatin association when cells enter a G0-like quiescent state. Chromatin binding is lost in this transition in a process that does not require DNA replication or the selective degradation of specific subunits

  16. Grafting of a novel gold(III) complex on nanoporous MCM-41 and evaluation of its toxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fazaeli, Yousef; Amini, Mostafa M; Ashourion, Hamed; Heydari, Homayoun; Majdabadi, Abbas; Jalilian, Amir Reza; Abolmaali, Shamsozoha

    2011-01-01

    The goal of this research was to investigate the potential of newly synthesized gold complex trichloro(2,4,6-trimethylpyridine)Au(III) as an anticancer agent. The gold(III) complex was synthesized and grafted on nanoporous silica, MCM-41, to produce AuCl(3)@PF-MCM- 41 (AuCl(3) grafted on pyridine-functionalized MCM-41). The toxicity of trichloro(2,4,6- trimethylpyridine)Au(III) and AuCl(3)@PF-MCM-41 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as a model system) was studied. The gold(III) complex showed a mid cytotoxic effect on yeast viability. Using the drug delivery system, nanoporous MCM-41, the gold(III) complex became a strong inhibitor for growth of yeast cells at a very low concentration. Furthermore, the animal tests revealed a high uptake of AuCl(3)@PF-MCM-41 in tumor cells. The stability of the compound was confirmed in human serum.

  17. High selectivity and stability of Mg-doped Al-MCM-41 for in-situ catalytic upgrading fast pyrolysis bio-oil

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Karnjanakom, Surachai; Suriya-umporn, Thanyamai; Bayu, Asep; Kongparakul, Suwadee; Samart, Chanatip; Fushimi, Chihiro; Abudula, Abuliti; Guan, Guoqing

    2017-01-01

    Highlights: • Mg-doped Al-MCM-41 was developed for in-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oils. • Mg/Al-MCM-41 exhibited high selectivity to aromatic hydrocarbons. • The ratio of produced hydrocarbon reached up to 80% in upgraded bio-oil. • 1 wt.% Mg/Al-MCM-41 showed the highest catalytic activity. • Mg/Al-MCM-41 had stable reusability due to its coking inhabitation ability. - Abstract: In-situ catalytic upgrading of bio-oils derived from the fast pyrolysis of cellulose, lignin or sunflower stalk over Mg-doped Al-MCM-41 was investigated in details. It is found that Mg species with doping amounts ranged between 0.25 and 10 wt.% was well dispersed on Al-MCM-41, and that doping Mg on Al-MCM-41 effectively adjusted the acidity and basicity of the catalysts, resulting in significant improvement of bio-oil quality. Mg/Al-MCM-41 exhibited high selective conversion of bio-oils derived from cellulose, lignin or sunflower stalk to high value-added aromatic hydrocarbons via catalytic cracking, deoxygenation and aromatization. In the upgraded bio-oil, the relative total hydrocarbon amount reached up to approximately ≥80%, which consisted of aromatic hydrocarbon approximately 76% and aliphatic hydrocarbon approximately 4% for all feedstocks. The selectivity to the monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) such as benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTXs) increased while the coke formed on the catalyst decreased with the increase in Mg doping amount. 1 wt.% Mg/Al-MCM-41 resulted in the highest relative total hydrocarbon amount in the upgraded bio-oil at lower catalytic deoxygenation temperature, and showed stable reusability for at least 5 cycles. It is expected that Mg/Al-MCM-41 can be widely applied for bio-oil upgrading in a practical process.

  18. Catalytic copyrolysis of particle board and polypropylene over Al-MCM-48

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Kim, Hannah; Choi, Suek Ju [School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Ji Man [Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419 (Korea, Republic of); Jeon, Jong-Ki [Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan 31080 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Sung Hoon; Jung, Sang-Chul [Department of Environmental Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Sang Chai [Department of Environmental Education, Mokpo National University, Muan 58554 (Korea, Republic of); Park, Young-Kwon, E-mail: catalica@uos.ac.kr [School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504 (Korea, Republic of)

    2016-10-15

    Highlights: • Al-MCM-48 was used for catalytic copyrolysis of particle board and polypropylene. • Catalytic produced mainly hydrocarbons. • The hydrocarbons produced were mainly in the diesel range. - Abstract: Particle board and polypropylene (PP) at a mixing ratio of 1:1 were copyrolyzed over two Al-MCM-48 catalysts with Si/Al ratios of 20 and 80. The catalyst characteristics were examined by measuring the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, temperature programmed desorption of ammonia, and X-ray diffraction. The main pyrolysis products of particle board were oxygenates, acids, and phenolics, whereas a large quantity of hydrocarbons within the diesel fuel range was produced from copyrolysis with polypropylene. The catalytic copyrolysis of particle board and PP over the Al-MCM-48 catalysts produced bio-oil with a much larger hydrocarbon content than that from the catalytic pyrolysis of particle board only. The hydrocarbons produced were mainly in the diesel range, highlighting the potential for the production of high-quality fuel.

  19. OM4 bend insensitive multi-mode fibers’ usefulness for MCM integration

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Guzowski, Bartłomiej; Lisik, Zbigniew; Tosik, Grzegorz; Ciupa, Emilia

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► The influence of high temperature exposure on OM4 fibers’ mechanical properties. ► Researching OM4 class fibers for use in innovative Optical Multi Chip Module. ► The influence of bending at a very small radius, up to 2 mm, on MM fibers. - Abstract: For future generations of electronic systems, a severe bottleneck is expected on the interconnection level and the use of optical interconnection is considered as one of the most promising solutions in this matter. Recent progress in fiber development resulted in new generation of optical fibers that are bend insensitive. This makes them ideal for Multi Chip Module (MCM) application. This paper focuses on OM4 bend insensitive multi-mode fibers’ usefulness for MCM integration, particularly the investigation of MM fiber loss is presented, which is influenced by bend diameter and the fiber's mechanical performance under influence of high temperature (400 °C–1000 °C adequate to MCM production process).

  20. Estudio y desarrollo experimental de nuevos materiales biodegradables para la reparación ósea

    OpenAIRE

    Roche Albero, Adrián; Gil Albarova, Jorge; Herrera Rodríguez, Antonio

    2011-01-01

    El objetivo de la fase subcutánea fue realizar un estudio experimental en conejos adultos implantando dos materiales biodegradables, a nivel de tejido subcutáneo, para valorar su tolerancia tisular, la potencial toxicidad y los efectos de la implantación in vivo sobre sus propiedades mecánicas. Material y método de la fase subcutánea: Se utilizaron 18 conejos adultos de raza Nueva Zelanda. Se dividieron en dos grupos aleatorios en dependencia del material implantado, material compuesto o bi...

  1. The 1.8-Å crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of an archaeal MCM as a right-handed filament.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Fu, Yang; Slaymaker, Ian M; Wang, Junfeng; Wang, Ganggang; Chen, Xiaojiang S

    2014-04-03

    Mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) proteins are the replicative helicase necessary for DNA replication in both eukarya and archaea. Most of archaea only have one MCM gene. Here, we report a 1.8-Å crystal structure of the N-terminal MCM from the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum (tapMCM). In the structure, the MCM N-terminus forms a right-handed filament that contains six subunits in each turn, with a diameter of 25Å of the central channel opening. The inner surface is highly positively charged, indicating DNA binding. This filament structure with six subunits per turn may also suggests a potential role for an open-ring structure for hexameric MCM and dynamic conformational changes in initiation and elongation stages of DNA replication. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  2. Synthesis, characterization, and near-infrared luminescent properties of the ternary thulium complex covalently bonded to mesoporous MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Feng Jing; Song Shuyan; Xing Yan; Zhang Hongjie; Li Zhefeng; Sun Lining; Guo Xianmin; Fan Weiqiang

    2009-01-01

    The crystal structure of a ternary Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex (DBM=dibenzoylmethane; phen=1, 10-phenanthroline) and the synthesis of hybrid mesoporous material in which the complex covalently bonded to mesoporous MCM-41 are reported. Crystal data: Tm(DBM) 3 phen C 59 H 47 N 2 O 7 Tm, monoclinic, P21/c, a=19.3216(12) A, b=10.6691(7) A, c=23.0165(15) A, α=90 deg., β=91.6330(10) deg., γ=90 deg., V=4742.8(5) A 3 , Z=4. The properties of the Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex and the corresponding hybrid mesoporous material [Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41] have been studied. The results reveal that the Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex is successfully covalently bonded to MCM-41. Both Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex and Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 display typical near-infrared (NIR) luminescence upon excitation at the maximum absorption of the ligands, which contributes to the efficient energy transfer from the ligands to the Tm 3+ ion, an antenna effect. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) centered at 1474 nm in the emission spectrum of Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 is 110 nm, which is the potential candidate of broadening amplification band from C band (1530-1560 nm) to S + band (1450-1480 nm) in optical area. - Graphical abstract: The crystal structure of Tm(DBM) 3 phen complex (DBM=dibenzoylmethane; phen=1, 10-phenanthroline). The complex is successfully covalently bonded to MCM-41 (Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41). After ligand-mediated excitation, the emission spectrum of Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 shows the bands 802 and 1474 nm. The FWHM of the 1474-nm band for Tm(DBM) 3 phen-MCM-41 is 110 nm, such a broad spectrum enables a wide gain bandwidth for optical amplification

  3. Valoración del control de calidad de materiales en estructuras de edificación efectuado en Cantabria, en el quinquenio 1984-1988

    OpenAIRE

    Villegas Cabredo, Luis M.

    1990-01-01

    RESUMEN. Se recoge una integración de los datos relativos al control de calidad de materiales en estructuras de edificación suministrados por los Laboratorios que operan en la región de Cantabria durante el período 1984-88. Con estos datos y los que proporcionan las estadísticas de construcción (número de viviendas y metros cuadrados construidos) se hace una valoración del grado de cumplimiento de la Instrucción EH-88 para estructuras de hormigón en lo referente a su Capítulo IX Control de Ma...

  4. Estudio de composición de los residuos sólidos urbanos, en Esparza, Puntarenas, Costa Rica

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Olman Quijada

    2008-04-01

    Full Text Available En este artículo se presentan los resultados del estudio de composición de Residuos Sólidos de la Municipalidad de Esparza, estos serán utilizados con el objetivo de determinar la factibilidad técnica y económica para construir un relleno sanitario municipal discriminado. La Municipalidad de Esparza, actualmente, utiliza el vertedero de Zagala, el cual no cumple con los estándares adecuados para el manejo de estos materiales y se ha convertido en un problema ambiental para la región. Por esta razón, en esta investigación se propuso realizar un estudio físico de los desechos sólidos en tres sectores del cantón de Esparza.Los resultados más prominentes de esta investigación indican que en el cantón el 74.5% de los desechos sólidos pueden ser aprovechados en prácticas de producción de abonos orgánicos, compost y reciclamiento; mientras que un 25.5% no tendrían ningún aprovechamiento y deberían ser dispuestos en un relleno sanitario, situación que, actualmente, no se hace pues estos mismos son enviados al botadero de Zagala. Se espera que este estudio sirva de base para proponer un plan de manejo de los residuos sólidos, apoye los esfuerzos de educación ambiental, sirva de sustento para seleccionar los materiales con potencial de reciclable y defina la cantidad de materiales que irán al relleno sanitario municipal.

  5. 78 FR 36017 - MCM Rail Services LLC, d/b/a Baltimore Industrial Railroad-Operation Exemption-Hilco SP Rail, LLC

    Science.gov (United States)

    2013-06-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Surface Transportation Board [Docket No. FD 35725] MCM Rail Services LLC, d/b/a Baltimore Industrial Railroad-- Operation Exemption--Hilco SP Rail, LLC MCM Rail Services LLC, d/b/a Baltimore Industrial Railroad (MCM), a noncarrier, has filed a verified notice of exemption...

  6. Aluminum Doped MCM-41 Nanoparticles as Platforms for the Dual Encapsulation of a CO-Releasing Molecule and Cisplatin.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Carmona, Francisco J; Jiménez-Amezcua, Ignacio; Rojas, Sara; Romão, Carlos C; Navarro, Jorge A R; Maldonado, Carmen R; Barea, Elisa

    2017-09-05

    Mesoporous silica Al-MCM-41 nanoparticles have been used, for the first time, as vehicles for the single and dual encapsulation of the cationic CO-releasing molecule (CORM) [Mn(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)(CO) 3 ] + (ALF472 + ) and the well-known antineoplastic drug, cis-[PtCl 2 (NH 3 ) 2 ] (cisplatin). Thus, two new hybrid materials, namely, ALF472@Al-MCM-41 and ALF472-cisplatin@Al-MCM-41, have been isolated and fully characterized. The results reveal that the presence of CORM molecules enhances cisplatin loading 3-fold, yielding a cargo of 0.45 mmol g -1 of ALF472 + and 0.12 mmol g -1 of the platinum complex for ALF472-cisplatin@Al-MCM-41. It is worth noting that ALF472@Al-MCM-41 shows a good dispersion in phosphate buffered saline solution, while the dual hybrid material slightly aggregates in this simulated physiological medium (hydrodynamic size: 112 ± 23 and 336 ± 50 nm, respectively). In addition, both hybrid materials (ALF472@Al-MCM-41 and ALF472-cisplatin@Al-MCM-41) behave as photoactive CO-releasing materials, delivering 0.25 and 0.11 equiv of CO, respectively, after 24 h and exhibiting a more controlled CO delivery than that of the free CORM. Finally, metal leaching studies have confirmed the good retention capacity of Al-MCM-41 toward the potentially toxic manganese fragments (86% of retention after 72 h) as well as the low release of cisplatin (ca. 7% after 72 h).

  7. Ejemplos de visualización y uso de materiales manipulativos en textos matemáticos antiguos

    OpenAIRE

    Meavilla, Vicente; Oller, Antonio Miguel

    2013-01-01

    La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las Matemáticas, sobre todo en los niveles educativos preuniversitarios, necesita el apoyo de ciertos recursos complementarios (materiales didácticos manipulativos, interpretaciones diversas de un mismo objeto matemático, etc.) que pueden ayudar al aprendiz a la hora de comprender conceptos y procedimientos. La historia de la Matemática está llena de ejemplos (álgebra geométrica, demostraciones visuales, rompecabezas geométricos para transformar figuras en otr...

  8. Evaluación sobre el comportamiento de los materiales restauradores convencionales y adhesivos en molares temporarios

    OpenAIRE

    Brasca, Nora Beatriz

    2002-01-01

    El propósito de este estudio fue estudiar el comportamiento clínico e in-vitro de materiales retauradores en molares temporarios. para la evaluación clínica un grupo de 70 pacientes (6-7 años) recibieron un total de 102 restauraciones, de rpeparaciones cavitarias clase I, en segundos molares superiores e inferiores. Aleatoriamente fueron divididos en 6 grupos, según el material: Grupo I: Amalgama convencional (Ventura Cap, Macrodent SA); Grupo II: Amalgama adherida ) S.B.M.P.P., 3M, Co.): Gru...

  9. 11C-radioisotope study of methanol co-reaction with ethanol over Ni-MCM-41 silica-alumina and Ni-alumina

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Sarkadi-Priboczki, E.; Kovacs, Z.; Tsoncheva, T.; Kumar, N.; Murzin, D.Yu.

    2009-01-01

    Complete text of publication follows. The Ni modifies the properties of acidic alumina and light acidic MCM-41 silica-alumina supports. The radioisotopic method is a suitable tool for distinction of the 11 Cradioisotopic methanol and its co-derivates from derivates of non-radioactive ethanol on these catalysts. Experimental. The Ni/A l 2O 3 (5 wt % Ni) is commercially available while H-MCMN-41 (Si/Al=20) and Ni-ion-exchanged MCM-41 silica-alumina (5 wt % Ni) were prepared and characterized in previous works. Before catalysis the Ni/Al 2 O 3 and Ni-MCM-41 were pre-reduced. The 11 C-methanol was formed by a radiochemical process from 11 C-carbon dioxide produced at cyclotron (T 1/2 = 20.4 min). The mixture of equivalent volume of radioactive methanol and non-radioactive ethanol was introduced into glass tube micro-flow reactor at ambient temperature. After adsorption, the valves were closed and the catalyst was heated up to the required temperatures. The desorption rate of the remaining 11 C-derivatives on catalysts were continuously followed by radiodetectors and the derivatives of methanol with ethanol were analyzed by Radio/FID-gas chromatography (FID is coupled on-line with a radiodetector). The ethanol and its derivates were identified by FID while the 11 C-methanol and its co-derivates (with ethanol) were detected by both of FID and radiodetector. Results The 11 C-dimethyl ether was the common product of the single 11 C-methanol transformation on H-MCM-41, Ni-MCM-41 and Ni- Al 2 O 3 at low temperature (200-280 degC) due to middle strong acid sites. At higher temperature (280-350 degC), the dimethyl ether and hydrocarbons were the dominant products on H-MCM-41 while dimethyl ether selectivity decreased on Ni-alumina and Ni-MCM-41 in favor of methane. The selectivities of methanol to formaldehyde and methane were the highest on Ni-MCM-41. During co-reaction of 11 C-methanol with non-radioactive ethanol, the 11 C-labeled coethers, namely 11 C-methyl ethyl ether

  10. Aplicación del método de los casos en la enseñanza de EFE: el caso del español de los negocios

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Neila González, Gabriel

    2010-12-01

    Full Text Available Suplemento del número 11 de marcoELE (julio – diciembre de 2010 El objetivo principal de este trabajo es aplicar el método de los casos en la elaboración de una unidad didáctica de EFE para, más tarde observar su viabilidad a la hora de llevar unidades didácticas basadas en este método a clase. Este trabajo tendrá, por tanto, otros objetivos secundarios que también deben ser tenidos en cuenta como el análisis de materiales de EFE en la actualidad y la creación de materiales. Asimismo, se intentará proceder a un proceso de negociación con los estudiantes para atender a sus principales motivaciones a la hora de aprender español.

  11. Los hábitos lectores en inglés de futuros maestros: Implicaciones didácticas

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ángela Gómez López

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available Se presenta un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo sobre los hábitos lectores en inglés de estudiantes universitarios españoles para detectar cuáles son las áreas de atención prioritaria para poder seguir un Grado en inglés según el EEES. Se midió el nivel de inglés mediante el Oxford Online Placement Test. Se evaluaron los hábitos lectores y el tipo de materiales académicos que los estudiantes leen en inglés mediante un cuestionario. Gran parte de la muestra se encontraba en los niveles elementales e intermedios de dominio del inglés. Un porcentaje muy elevado de estudiantes declaró no tener el hábito de leer en inglés y leer solo materiales académicos obligatorios. Sin embargo, existe una fuerte correlación entre tener un nivel alto de dominio del inglés y tener el hábito de lectura y/o leer otros materiales no obligatorios. Por tanto, la enseñanza del inglés debería fomentar más la lectura y el hábito lector.

  12. Buenas prácticas en educación infantil y materiales didácticos. Análisis de tres estudios de caso

    OpenAIRE

    Alvarez Seoane, Denebola; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Jesús; Romero Tena, Rosalía (Coordinador)

    2016-01-01

    En esta comunicación analizamos los materiales didácticos para educación infantil empleados en escuelas seleccionadas por sus buenas prácticas educativas. Esta aproximación al campo de estudio de los recursos educativos es parte del proyecto de investigación “Diseño Curricular y Buenas Prácticas en Educación Infantil: una visión internacional, multiculutral e interdisciplinar”, coordinado por el Catedrático Miguel Zabalza. El objetivo de investigación es a...

  13. Análisis de materiales didácticos para enseñar Ciencias Sociales en Educación Primaria: “Un camino de ida y vuelta”

    OpenAIRE

    Mon Alday, Estefanía

    2013-01-01

    Con este Trabajo de Fin de Grado se pretende un acercamiento al tema del análisis de materiales didácticos para enseñar Ciencias Sociales en Educación Primaria y más concretamente se pretende analizar los materiales utilizados con el alumnado de 5º de primaria durante el desarrollo del Proyecto “Un Camino de Ida y Vuelta” en el Colegio Público de Educación Infantil y Primaria “Marqués de Santillana” en la localidad de Palencia. En la primera parte de este trabajo se realiza una revisión t...

  14. Mcm1p binding sites in ARG1 positively regulate Gcn4p binding and SWI/SNF recruitment

    OpenAIRE

    Yoon, Sungpil; Hinnebusch, Alan G.

    2009-01-01

    Transcription of the arginine biosynthetic gene ARG1 is activated by Gcn4p, a transcription factor induced by starvation for any amino acid. Previously we showed that Gcn4p binding stimulates the recruitment of Mcm1p and co-activator SWI/SNF to ARG1 in cells via Gcn4p induction through amino acid starvation. Here we report that Gcn4p binding is reduced by point mutations of the Mcm1p binding site and increased by overexpression of Mcm1p. This result suggests that Mcm1p plays a positive role i...

  15. Comparación de la microestructura y propiedades de impacto de dos materiales compuestos laminados de acero de ultraalto contenido de carbono

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Pozuelo, M.

    2004-04-01

    Full Text Available Two ferrous laminated composites containing six layers have been processed by roll bonding. One of them consists of three layers of an ultrahigh carbon steel (1.3%C UHCS interlayered with other three layers of a microalloyed steel. The other composite consists of three layers of UHCS and three layers of a mild steel. Microstructure, Vickers hardness and impact properties have been studied. The absorbed energy values of the two laminated composites were higher than that of the UHCS.

    Se procesaron mediante laminación en caliente dos materiales compuestos laminados de acero de ultraalto contenido de carbono (AUAC, 1,3%C de seis capas cada uno: El primero está compuesto por tres capas de AUAC alternadas con tres capas de un acero microaleado, y el segundo con tres del mismo AUAC alternadas con tres de un acero suave. Se ha realizado un estudio de sus microestructuras, dureza Vickers y propiedades de impacto. Se han mejorado los valores de energía absorbida de los dos materiales compuestos laminados respecto al del AUAC.

  16. Laccase immobilized on methylene blue modified mesoporous silica MCM-41/PVA

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Xu Xinhua; Lu Ping; Zhou Yumei; Zhao Zhenzhen; Guo Meiqing

    2009-01-01

    The mesoporous silica sieve MCM-41 containing methylene blue (MB) provides a suitable immobilization of biomolecule matrix due to its uniform pore structure, high surface areas, good biocompatibility and nice conductivity. Based on this, a facilely fabricated amperometric biosensor by entrapping laccase into the MB modified MCM-41/PVA composite film has been developed. Laccase from Trametes versicolor is assembled on a composite film of MCM-41 containing MB/PVA modified Au electrode and the electrode is characterized with respect to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Cyclic voltammetry (CV), response time, detection limit, linear range and activity of laccase. The laccase modified electrode remains good redox behavior in pH 4.95 acetate buffer solution, at room temperature in present of 0.1 mM catechol. The response time (t 90% ) of the modified electrode is less than 4 s for catechol. The detection limit is 0.331 μM and the linear detect range is about from 4.0 μM to 87.98 μM for catechol with a correlation coefficient of 0.99913(S/N = 3). The apparent Michaelis-Menten (K M app ) is estimated using the Lineweaver-Burk equation and the K M app value is about 0.256 mM. This work demonstrated that the mesoporous silica MCM-41 containing MB provides a novel support for laccase immobilization and the construction of biosensors with a faster response and better bioactivity.

  17. Centros de producción de materiales de construcción en países en vías de desarrollo

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Simon, Morris

    1987-08-01

    asistencia exterior. Estas técnicas pueden requerir muchas veces la utilización de tecnologías de construcción menos avanzadas pero adecuadas. La experiencia obtenida en proporcionar asistencia técnica para facilitar el acceso a la vivienda y a los servicios comunitarios de millares de pobres sin hogar, ha mostrado la importancia de las tecnologías de construcción mejoradas. Constituye, sin embargo, solamente una parte de un amplio sistema necesario para la producción de mejores viviendas. En muchos países la tecnología constituye la limitación menos importante; los obstáculos administrativos y financieros son mucho mayores. La idea de los Centros de Producción de Materiales de Construcción forma parte de una mayor estrategia de desarrollo de viviendas; un "Sistema de Desarrollo Cooperativo" que pretende promocionar la construcción de viviendas a bajo coste en los países en vías de desarrollo. La autoconstrucción que se produce en asentamientos de ocupación en zonas urbanas es frecuentemente poco atendida por los proveedores de materiales de construcción formales, y debe basarse en sistemas de producción de materiales de construcción informales. Los Centros de Producción de Materiales de Construcción pueden establecerse para satisfacer las necesidades de estas zonas de asentamiento de forma más eficiente, a un coste razonable y en lugares en los que la gente está mejorando su propia vivienda y sus comunidades.

  18. Bestemmelse af spormetaller i organisk materiale

    DEFF Research Database (Denmark)

    Tjell, Jens Christian; Palfeldt, Kirsten

    Behovet for pålidelige analysemetoder til bestemmelse af spormetalindhold i organiske materialer, f.eks. planter, slam og dyrevæv er stigende på grund af den stigende erkendelse af disse stoffers betydning for organismers fysiologi, både hvor disse stoffer optræder i uønskede koncentrationer som...... der over de sidste år udviklet en analyseprocedure hvorefter det er muligt at analysere for metallerne Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cd og Pb i planter, dyrevæv, jord, slam og andre materialer med standardafvigelser på mellem 5 og 10%. Der gøres rede for denne metode....

  19. La conservación y restauración de los fondos de la Biblioteca Valenciana

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vergara, José

    2001-09-01

    Full Text Available La inmensa mayoría de los materiales que integran los fondos de archivos y bibliotecas están compuestos fundamentalmente de material orgánico, muy higroscópico y, por lo tanto, intrínsecamente perecederos. La propensión de estos materiales a la humedad, y a otros problemas medioambientales, es la principal causa de su degradación. Esta transformación, denominada proceso de deterioro, que varía según las características de la materia componente, altera las características originales de los volúmenes limitando su uso, e incluso, con el tiempo, provocando su destrucción. Sin embargo, con un plan de prevención adecuado, el proceso de deterioro puede ser dilatado considerablemente.

  20. Vinculación del Instituto Torroja a lo largo de su historia con la investigación en materiales cerámicos y vítreos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rincón, J. M.

    2005-04-01

    Full Text Available Ever since its inception and throughout its history, the Eduardo Torroja Institute for Construction Science of the CSIC (IETcc, CSIC has conducted research in and made valuable scientific and technical contributions to the area of ceramic and glassy materials, and played a key role in the founding of the present Spanish Ceramic and Glass Society (SECV, under the leadership of Francisco Arredondo y Verdú. The creation in recent years of the Glassy and Ceramic Materials Group and Laboratory has reinforced this line of research. The present paper reviews the effort deployed by the Institute in connection with this type of materials, with a tribute to some of the most prominent publications in the field and their authors.

    El Instituto de Ciencias de la Construcción Eduardo Torroja (IETcc desde su fundación no sólo ha realizado a lo largo de su historia investigaciones y valiosas aportaciones científicas y técnicas en el campo de los materiales cerámicos y vidrios, sino que además fue uno de los principales fundadores de la actual Sociedad Española de Cerámica y Vidrio (SECVcon la destacada participación de Francisco Arredondo y Verdú. En los últimos años esta línea de investigación se ha visto reforzada con la creación del Grupo y Laboratorio de Materiales Vítreos y Cerámicos, por lo que se realiza una revisión de la relación de este centro con este tipo de materiales recordándose los investigadores y publicaciones que más destacaron en este campo.

  1. Tratamiento de los textos periodísticos en la ESO

    OpenAIRE

    Azcona Uriondo, Edurne

    2013-01-01

    Este trabajo fin de máster se va a estructurar en tres pilares fundamentales: primeramente, he querido valorar el tratamiento y las propuestas que diferentes libros de textos de diversas editoriales realizan sobre los textos periodísticos. La finalidad de esta iniciativa es comparar los materiales que se utilizan hoy por hoy en las aulas de los colegios navarros de secundaria y afirmar si cumplen o no con los contenidos y objetivos redactados en el currículo de la ley vigente de Educación en ...

  2. Selective catalytic reduction of NO{sub x} in lean-burn engine exhaust over a Pt/V/MCM-41 catalyst

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jeon, Jong Yeol; Kim, Hee Young [Division of Advanced Chemical Technology, Korea Reasearch Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 107, Yusong, Taejon 305-600 (Korea, Republic of); Woo, Seong Ihl [Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Ultramicrochemical Process Systems, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Kusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Taejon, 305-701 (Korea, Republic of)

    2003-09-08

    The activities of Pt supported on various metal-substituted MCM-41 (V-, Ti-, Fe-, Al-, Ga-, La-, Co-, Mo-, Ce-, and Zr-MCM-41) and V-impregnated MCM-41 were investigated for the reduction of NO by C{sub 3}H{sub 6}. Among these catalysts, Pt supported on V-impregnated MCM-41 showed the best activity. The maximum conversion of NO into N{sub 2}+N{sub 2}O over this Pt/V/MCM-41 catalyst (Pt=1wt.%, V=3.8wt.%) was 73%, and this maximum conversion was sustained over a temperature range of 70C from 270 to 340C. The high activity of Pt/V/MCM-41 over a broad temperature range resulted from two additional reactions besides the reaction occurring on usual supported Pt, the reaction of NO with surface carbonaceous materials, and the reaction of NO occurring on support V-impregnated MCM-41. The former additional reaction showed an oscillation characteristic, a phenomenon in which the concentrations of parts of reactant and product gases oscillate continuously. At low temperature, some water vapor injected into the reactant gas mixture promoted the reaction occurring on usual supported Pt, whereas at high temperature, it suppressed the additional reaction related to carbonaceous materials. Five-hundred parts per million of SO{sub 2} added to the reactant gas mixture only slightly decreased the NO conversion of Pt/V/MCM-41.

  3. Los dominios culturales de la malaria: una aproximación a los saberes no institucionales

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Julián A. Fernández-Niño

    2014-06-01

    Full Text Available Introducción. Las políticas de control de la malaria o paludismo no han logrado todos los resultados esperados, debido, entre otras razones, a la poca consideración prestada a los aspectos culturales. Objetivo. Explorar los dominios culturales en torno a esta enfermedad en una población colombiana asentada en zona endémica, con el propósito de diseñar e implementar planes de intervención efectivos. Materiales y métodos. Mediante muestreo por conveniencia se seleccionaron residentes de 12 veredas de Tierralta, Córdoba. Con el fin de generar listados libres, se les preguntó a los participantes sobre los problemas de salud en la comunidad, las causas de la malaria, las medidas de control y los responsables de aplicarlas. Para cada uno de estos ítems se calcularon índices de Smith. Resultados. Participaron entre 30 y 38 personas por vereda (n=401, con una edad promedio de 40,24 años (desviación estándar (DE=14,22; las mujeres representaban 45,39 % del total de la población. El grupo de participantes reconoció la malaria y las infecciones respiratorias como los problemas de salud más importantes de la comunidad (mediana de los índices de Smith: 0,83 y 0,63, respectivamente. Se reconoció la falta de intervención en las condiciones ambientales como el factor más importante generador de la malaria (mediana del índice de Smith=0,65. Por último, los participantes identificaron al centro de salud (mediana del índice de Smith=0,71 y a los profesionales de la salud (mediana del índice de Smith=0,52 como los principales responsables del control de la malaria. Conclusiones. El diseño de programas para la reducción del impacto de la malaria exige la formulación de intervenciones o iniciativas que involucren la perspectiva de las comunidades y se adapten a las necesidades, demandas y recursos disponibles. La técnica de listados libres se propone como una alternativa eficiente de recolección de información sobre los dominios

  4. La configuración de la memoria colectiva: los artefactos. Por caso, la escritura y las imágenes

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Jorge Mendoza García

    2014-01-01

    Full Text Available En el presente trabajo se argumenta que los artefactos: 1 son una especie de objetos cercanos y significativos, y en consecuencia los objetos distantes que carecen de significado no llegan a serlo; 2 con estos materiales se van edificando los recuerdos de las personas y los grupos cuya denominación es la de memoria colectiva; 3 hay distintos artefactos, como los monumentos, los archivos, el cuerpo, la música, pero aquí se desarrollan dos: la escritura y las imágenes, que son entre sí artefactos complementarios para el análisis del pasado de una sociedad y, 4 si estos materiales con que se conforma la memoria colectiva son alterados, destruidos o desaparecidos, los recuerdos se van con ellos y así se configura el olvido social. Las sociedades están edificadas, en cierta forma, sobre la base de la relación memoria-olvido.

  5. Conformado de materiales cerámicos por electroforesis en medios acuosos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ferrari, B.

    1998-10-01

    Full Text Available Electrophoretic deposition is a particularly easy forming technique in which coatings onto conducting electrodes are obtained after applying a dc electric field to a colloidal suspension or solution. Most organic materials and minerals can be deposited, being the biggest difficulty the selection of the organic vehicle and the adjustment of the experimental conditions. In wet forming processes, the success is determined by the preparation of stable suspensions with the required electrical properties. In this sense, the use of organics presents important advantages, since avoid electrolityc processes in the vicinity of electrodes, which highly affect the homogeneity and contamination of the coating. However, the use of organics increases the costs of a process characterized for its economical and environmental advantages. This is the reason why aqueous electrophoresis is receiving an increasing attention due to the great possibilities to be considered for production cycles for a broad variety of materials, as already occurs in the case of clays and enamels. In this work, a review of the physical chemistry of the process is made, and possible applications in ceramics and glasses manufacturing are evaluated.

    La deposición electroforética es un proceso de conformado particularmente sencillo en el que, al hacer pasar una corriente a través de una suspensión coloidal o una disolución, se obtienen recubrimientos sobre materiales conductores. La mayor parte de los materiales orgánicos y minerales pueden ser procesados por electrodeposición, siendo la mayor dificultad la selección del vehículo líquido y el ajuste de las condiciones experimentales al sistema seleccionado. En el conformado por vía líquida el éxito del proceso radica en la preparación de suspensiones estables de determinadas características eléctricas. En este sentido el uso de vehículos orgánicos presenta grandes ventajas, ya que evitan en gran medida los procesos

  6. Los composites. Caractetísticas y aplicaciones en la edificación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Roa Fernández, J.

    2003-04-01

    Full Text Available In this paper; the authors analyse composite materials from the point of view of their applications in the building construction field. An overview through the different distinctive aspects of composites is presented: concepts, types and characteristics of their components. Following, and from a practical point of view, advantages and disadvantages of the application of composites in construction are analysed. The article includes also a number of cases, real applications of these composite materials in the construction industry.En este artículo los autores analizan los materiales compuestos desde el punto de vista de sus aplicaciones en el campo de la construcción. Se realiza un recorrido por los diferentes aspectos definitorios de los mismos: conceptos, tipos y características de cada uno de sus componentes, para, a continuación, desde un punto de vista práctico, analizar las propiedades, ventajas e inconvenientes de su aplicación en la construcción arquitectónica. Finalmente, se completa el trabajo con una exposición de casos reales en los que han sido aplicados estos materiales en el mundo de la construcción.

  7. Hydroconversion of methyl laurate on bifunctional Ni2P/AlMCM-41 catalyst prepared via in situ phosphorization using triphenylphosphine

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhao, Sha; Zhang, Zhena; Zhu, Kongying; Chen, Jixiang

    2017-05-01

    A series of Ni2P/AlMCM-41-x bifunctional catalysts with different Si/Al ratios (x) were synthesized by in situ phosphorization of Ni/AlMCM-41-x with triphenylphosphine (nominal Ni/P ratio of 0.75) at 300 °C on a fixed-bed reactor. For comparison, NiP/AlMCM-41-5-TPR was also prepared by the TPR method from the supported nickel phosphate with the Ni/P ratio of 1.0, during which metallic Ni rather than Ni2P formed. TEM images show that Ni and Ni2P particles uniformly distributed in Ni2P/AlMCM-41-x and NiP/AlMCM-41-5-TPR. The Ni2P/AlMCM-41-x acidity increased with decreasing the Si/Al ratio. In the hydroconversion of methyl laurate, the conversions were close to 100% on all catalysts at 360 °C, 3.0 MPa, methyl laurate WHSV of 2 h-1 and H2/methyl laurate ratio of 25. As to Ni2P/AlMCM-41-x, with decreasing the Si/Al ratio, the total selectivity to C11 and C12 hydrocarbons decreased, while the total selectivity to isoundecane and isododecane (Si-C11+i-C12) firstly increased and then decreased. Ni2P/AlMCM-41-5 gave the largest Si-C11+i-C12 of 43.2%. While NiP/AlMCM-41-5-TPR gave higher Si-C11+i-C12 than Ni2P/AlMCM-41-5, it was more active for the undesired Csbnd C bond cleavage and methanation. We propose that the in-situ phosphorization adopted here is a promising approach to preparing Ni2P-based bifunctional catalysts.

  8. Hydroconversion of methyl laurate on bifunctional Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41 catalyst prepared via in situ phosphorization using triphenylphosphine

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Zhao, Sha; Zhang, Zhena [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, Department of Catalysis Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Zhu, Kongying, E-mail: ausky@tju.edu.cn [Analysis and Measurement Center, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China); Chen, Jixiang, E-mail: jxchen@tju.edu.cn [Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, Department of Catalysis Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072 (China)

    2017-05-15

    Highlights: • Bifunctional Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41 was prepared by in situ phosphorization at 300 °C. • There were similar Ni{sub 2}P particle sizes in Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41 with different Si/Al ratios. • The acid amount of Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41 increased with decreasing the Si/Al ratio. • Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41 with the Si/Al ratio of 5 had the highest activity for isomerization. • Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41 had very low activity for methanation and C−C bond hydrogenolysis. - Abstract: A series of Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41-x bifunctional catalysts with different Si/Al ratios (x) were synthesized by in situ phosphorization of Ni/AlMCM-41-x with triphenylphosphine (nominal Ni/P ratio of 0.75) at 300 °C on a fixed-bed reactor. For comparison, NiP/AlMCM-41-5-TPR was also prepared by the TPR method from the supported nickel phosphate with the Ni/P ratio of 1.0, during which metallic Ni rather than Ni{sub 2}P formed. TEM images show that Ni and Ni{sub 2}P particles uniformly distributed in Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41-x and NiP/AlMCM-41-5-TPR. The Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41-x acidity increased with decreasing the Si/Al ratio. In the hydroconversion of methyl laurate, the conversions were close to 100% on all catalysts at 360 °C, 3.0 MPa, methyl laurate WHSV of 2 h{sup −1} and H{sub 2}/methyl laurate ratio of 25. As to Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41-x, with decreasing the Si/Al ratio, the total selectivity to C11 and C12 hydrocarbons decreased, while the total selectivity to isoundecane and isododecane (S{sub i-C11+i-C12}) firstly increased and then decreased. Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41-5 gave the largest S{sub i-C11+i-C12} of 43.2%. While NiP/AlMCM-41-5-TPR gave higher S{sub i-C11+i-C12} than Ni{sub 2}P/AlMCM-41-5, it was more active for the undesired C−C bond cleavage and methanation. We propose that the in-situ phosphorization adopted here is a promising approach to preparing Ni{sub 2}P-based bifunctional catalysts.

  9. Materiales bioactivos en la remineralización dentinaria

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    María Inés Garchitorena Ferreira

    Full Text Available Resumen El enfoque en el tratamiento de las lesiones cariosas que afectan el tejido dentinario se ha modificado de forma dramática en las últimas décadas. El conocimiento acerca de la etiología de la caries dental, la fisiopatología dentinaria y el desarrollo de biomateriales dentales y técnicas adhesivas, han confluido en tratamientos de mínima intervención. En virtud de esta nueva alternativa en el tratamiento de las lesiones dentinarias, es necesario evaluar la posible recuperación de la dentina mediante tratamientos remineralizantes y el desarrollo de materiales bioactivos que posibiliten la reparación o regeneración del tejido imitando los mecanismos fisiológicos de mineralización y recomponiendo las propiedades mecánicas originales del tejido, con el fin de obtener resultados clínicos exitosos basados en tratamientos con enfoque biomimético.

  10. Diseño de estrategias centradas en el aprendizaje para las visitas escolares a los museos de ciencias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    J. Guisasola

    2005-01-01

    Full Text Available Las visitas a los Museos de Ciencias pueden constituir un complemento al aprendizaje de las ciencias realizado en la Escuela. Sin embargo, los Museos de Ciencias son entornos de aprendizaje no formal donde los profesores solemos tener poco control sobre las ideas implicadas o las experiencias que los estudiantes realizan. En el caso de visitas escolares, para que el Museo constituya un auténtico instrumento de aprendizaje son necesarios enfoques y estrategias centrados en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes más que en tareas de manipulación de módulos. Será necesario, diseñar materiales para la visita al Museo que integren el aprendizaje en la Escuela y en el Museo, que estimulen el interés y curiosidad de los estudiantes promoviendo un aprendizaje autónomo mediante trabajo en grupo orientado por el profesor. En este trabajo se explica cómo hemos elaborado estos materiales y sus principales características

  11. Chronic DNA Replication Stress Reduces Replicative Lifespan of Cells by TRP53-Dependent, microRNA-Assisted MCM2-7 Downregulation.

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Gongshi Bai

    2016-01-01

    Full Text Available Circumstances that compromise efficient DNA replication, such as disruptions to replication fork progression, cause a state known as DNA replication stress (RS. Whereas normally proliferating cells experience low levels of RS, excessive RS from intrinsic or extrinsic sources can trigger cell cycle arrest and senescence. Here, we report that a key driver of RS-induced senescence is active downregulation of the Minichromosome Maintenance 2-7 (MCM2-7 factors that are essential for replication origin licensing and which constitute the replicative helicase core. Proliferating cells produce high levels of MCM2-7 that enable formation of dormant origins that can be activated in response to acute, experimentally-induced RS. However, little is known about how physiological RS levels impact MCM2-7 regulation. We found that chronic exposure of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs to either genetically-encoded or environmentally-induced RS triggered gradual MCM2-7 repression, followed by inhibition of replication and senescence that could be accelerated by MCM hemizygosity. The MCM2-7 reduction in response to RS is TRP53-dependent, and involves a group of Trp53-dependent miRNAs, including the miR-34 family, that repress MCM expression in replication-stressed cells before they undergo terminal cell cycle arrest. miR-34 ablation partially rescued MCM2-7 downregulation and genomic instability in mice with endogenous RS. Together, these data demonstrate that active MCM2-7 repression is a physiologically important mechanism for RS-induced cell cycle arrest and genome maintenance on an organismal level.

  12. El deposito de materiales de la Edad del Bronce de Gamonedo (Asturias

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Miguel Ángel de BLAS CORTINA

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available RESUMEN: El desprendimiento de tierras en un talud en las proximidades de Gamonedo —en la zona oriental de Asturias— puso al descubierto un depósito de materiales metálicos integrado por un hacha plana, una decena de lingotes de fundición y varios fragmentos metálicos informes. El lote puede considerarse como una ocultación de productos semiacabados, con un probable carácter de tesaurización. En el territorio donde se produjo el hallazgo son frecuentes las formaciones cupríferas, algunas explotadas ya durante la Edad del Bronce (Mina del Aramo, con las que pudiera guardar relación el depósito de Gamonedo. Los análisis espectrográficos de los materiales establecieron la composición de cobre con arsénico característica del Bronce Antiguo de la Península. A partir de estos datos y del estudio tipológico del conjunto podría fecharse el depósito de Gamonedo hacia mediados del segundo milenio a. de J. C.ABSTRACT: A landslide in a talus near Gamonedo —in the eastern of Asturias— discovered a hoard of metal objects constiting of a flat axe, some ten smelted ingots and various metal fragments. The hoard can be considered as a stash of unfinished products (in a store. In the territory where the find was discovered copper formations are frequent, some already exploited from the Bronze Age (the Aramo mine to which the Gamonedo hoard migth be related. Analyses by spectrographic of the objects established their composition as bein of copper with traces of arsenic characteristic of the Early Bronze Age of the Peninsula. From this data and the type study of the whole of Gamonedo hoard can be dated situated around the middle of the second millenium B.C.

  13. Synthesis of ZnO-CuO/MCM-48 photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutions.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Duan, Yongzheng; Shen, Yulian

    2017-07-01

    The photocatalytic properties of ZnO-CuO catalysts supported on siliceous MCM-48 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 48) for the degradation of organic pollutions such as methylene blue and salicylic acid under UV light irradiation were investigated. These catalysts were prepared by impregnation of MCM-48 with a mixed aqueous solution of copper acetate and zinc acetate. X-ray diffraction, N 2 -physisorption, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence were used to characterize these samples. Results from characterizations showed that the addition of ZnO to CuO/MCM-48 could markedly improve the photocatalytic degradation properties. The enhanced photocatalytic behaviors of ZnO-CuO/MCM-48 may be due to the formation of p-n heterojunctions between ZnO and CuO, resulting in the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Moreover, the photocatalysts were easily recovered and reused for five cycles without considerable loss of activity.

  14. Evaluation of bio-materials’ rejuvenating effect on binders for high-reclaimed asphalt content mixtures; Evaluación del efecto rejuvenecedor de bio-materiales sobre ligantes para mezclas con alto contenido de asfalto recuperado

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Jiménez del Barco-Carrión, A.; Pérez-Martínez, M.; Themeli, A.; Lo Presti, D.; Marsac, P.; Pouget, S.; Hammoum, F.; Chailleux, E.; Airey, G.D.

    2017-07-01

    The interest in using bio-materials in pavement engineering has grown significantly over the last decades due to environmental concerns about the use of non-recoverable natural resources. In this paper, bio-materials are used together with Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) to restore some of the properties of the aged bitumen present in mixtures with high RA content. For this purpose, two bio-materials are studied and compared to conventional and polymer modified bitumens. Blends of these materials with RA bitumen were produced and studied to simulate a 50% RA mixture. The rejuvenating effect of the two bio-materials on RA has been assessed and compared with the effect of the conventional binders. Apparent Molecular Weight Distribution of the samples (obtained by the ?-method) and different rheological parameters were used for this purpose. Results revealed the power of bio-materials to rejuvenate RA bitumen, showing their capability to be used as fresh binders in high-RA content mixtures. [Spanish] El interés en la utilización de bio-materiales en ingeniería de pavimentos ha crecido significantemente en las últimas décadas debido a la conciencia ambiental sobre el uso de recursos naturales no renovables. En este artículo, se utilizan bio-materiales para recuperar las propiedades iniciales del betún envejecido presente en mezclas con alto contenido de asfalto reciclado (RA). Para ello, se ha estudiado y comparado el comportamiento de dos bio-materiales con betunes convencionales y betunes modificados con polímeros. Con este objetivo, se fabricaron mezclas de bio-materiales y betún reciclado simulando mezclas asfálticas con 50% de contenido de reciclado. El efecto rejuvenecedor de los bio-materiales se ha evaluado y comparado con el efecto rejuvenecedor de ligantes convencionales mediante el cálculo de las distribuciones de peso molecular aparente y diferentes pará-metro reológicos. Los resultados muestran el poder rejuvenecedor de los bio-materiales, poniendo de

  15. Response of Fibroblasts MRC-5 to Flufenamic Acid-Grafted MCM-41 Nanoparticles

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Giovanna Gomes Lara

    2018-01-01

    Full Text Available Recently, flufenamic acid (FFA was discovered among fenamates as a free radical scavenger and gap junction blocker; however, its effects have only been studied in cancer cells. Normal cells in the surroundings of a tumor also respond to radiation, although they are not hit by it directly. This phenomenon is known as the bystander effect, where response molecules pass from tumor cells to normal ones, through communication channels called gap junctions. The use of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, through which drug-loaded nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm may accumulate around a tumor, can prevent the local side effect upon controlled release of the drug. The present work, aimed at functionalizing MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41 silica nanoparticles with FFA and determining its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts MRC-5 (Medical Research Council cell strain 5. MCM-41, was synthesized and characterized structurally and chemically, with multiple techniques. The biocompatibility assay was performed by Live/Dead technique, with calcein and propidium–iodide. MRC-5 cells were treated with FFA-grafted MCM-41 for 48 h, and 98% of cells remained viable, without signs of necrosis or morphological changes. The results show the feasibility of MCM-41 functionalization with FFA, and its potential protection of normal cells, in comparison to the role of FFA in cancerous ones.

  16. Response of Fibroblasts MRC-5 to Flufenamic Acid-Grafted MCM-41 Nanoparticles.

    Science.gov (United States)

    Lara, Giovanna Gomes; Cipreste, Marcelo Fernandes; Andrade, Gracielle Ferreira; Silva, Wellington Marcos da; Sousa, Edésia Martins Barros de

    2018-01-09

    Recently, flufenamic acid (FFA) was discovered among fenamates as a free radical scavenger and gap junction blocker; however, its effects have only been studied in cancer cells. Normal cells in the surroundings of a tumor also respond to radiation, although they are not hit by it directly. This phenomenon is known as the bystander effect, where response molecules pass from tumor cells to normal ones, through communication channels called gap junctions. The use of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, through which drug-loaded nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm may accumulate around a tumor, can prevent the local side effect upon controlled release of the drug. The present work, aimed at functionalizing MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter No. 41) silica nanoparticles with FFA and determining its biocompatibility with human fibroblasts MRC-5 (Medical Research Council cell strain 5). MCM-41, was synthesized and characterized structurally and chemically, with multiple techniques. The biocompatibility assay was performed by Live/Dead technique, with calcein and propidium-iodide. MRC-5 cells were treated with FFA-grafted MCM-41 for 48 h, and 98% of cells remained viable, without signs of necrosis or morphological changes. The results show the feasibility of MCM-41 functionalization with FFA, and its potential protection of normal cells, in comparison to the role of FFA in cancerous ones.

  17. Diseño de nuevos ligantes sintéticos a partir de materiales reciclados

    OpenAIRE

    Fuentes Audén, Cristina

    2011-01-01

    La mayor parte de los pavimentos actuales están fabricados con una mezcla de áridos minerales ligados con betún de petróleo llamado asfalto. La tecnología del betún ha tenido que adecuarse a un sistema de transporte que demanda cada vez mejor resistencia y durabilidad. De esta forma, el betún está siendo modificado mediante la adición de polímeros. Por otra parte, existen una serie de aplicaciones especiales en las que el betún es sustituido por nuevos materiales llamados ligantes sintéticos....

  18. Photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline by Ti-MCM-41 prepared at room temperature and biotoxicity of degradation products

    Science.gov (United States)

    Zhou, Kefu; Xie, Xiao-Dan; Chang, Chang-Tang

    2017-09-01

    Ti-doped MCM-41 with different Si/Ti molar ratios was prepared at room temperature to degrade tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous solution. The Ti was doped into the skeleton structure of MCM-41. The photocatalytic activity of Ti-doped MCM-41 was investigated. The optimal catalyst had Si/Ti molar ratio of 25 and over 99% removal of oxytetracycline in 150 min, and the removal could maintain 98% after 5 reuses. Ions and soluble organic matters in natural water affected the degradation reaction when Ti-doped MCM-41 was used to treat simulated wastewater of chicken farms. The degradation products of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline were detected by Escherichia coli DH5α and HPLC-MS/MS. No intermediate product with higher toxicity was detected.

  19. Propuesta de viabilidad académica y de infraestructura para implementar en el laboratorio de materiales y procesos de la Universidad EAN

    OpenAIRE

    2010-01-01

    Con el objetivo de brindar un nivel de enseñanza más alto y servicios tecnológicos, en áreas sensibles al progreso en las Pymes Colombianas, e incentivar la investigación de la ciencia de los materiales, y el estudio de los procesos productivos y de manufactura, se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar al interior de la Universidad EAN, la implementación de laboratorios propios, que apoyen áreas de investigación vitales para la mejora de procesos productivos en las áreas de manufactura, materia...

  20. Reflexiones sobre algunos materiales de construcción y la industrialización de la edificación

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rodríguez, Georges

    1977-04-01

    Full Text Available In this article, the advantages are analyzed of replacing some traditional materials by other mass prefabricated modern ones, in order to achieve greater industrialization in building construction. The advantages are stressed of using: artificial plaster, due to its good fireresistant properties; glassfiber, which combines its light weight to its noninflammability; plastics (polystyrene, polyurethane, etc., widely applied as thermal insulants; reinforced cardboard, which answers the problem of earthquake resisting construction most efficiently; new ceramic products with almost all the foregoing properties; etc. Finally, we are made to see that the use of these materials should not be to the detriment of the esthetics of buildings.En este artículo se analizan las ventajas que tiene la sustitución de algunos materiales tradicionales por otros modernos prefabricados en serie, a fin de conseguir una mayor industrialización en la construcción de edificaciones. Se destacan las ventajas de la utilización de: yeso artificial, por sus buenas propiedades ignífugas; lana de vidrio, que une a su ligereza de peso su ininflamabilidad; los plásticos (poliestireno, poliuretano, etc., de gran aplicación como aislantes térmicos; cartón reforzado, que responde al problema de la construcción antisísmica con verdadera eficacia; los nuevos productos cerámicos, con casi todas las propiedades anteriores; etc. Por último, se hace ver que el empleo de estos materiales no debe ir en detrimento de la estética de los edificios.

  1. A secondary, coplanar design Ni/MCM-41/Zn microbattery

    Science.gov (United States)

    Meskon, S. R.; Othman, R.; Ani, M. H.

    2018-01-01

    A secondary Ni/Zn microbattery (∼200 µm thick) has been developed in a coplanar electrode configuration. The cell is essentially of a circular shape (∼30 mm in diameter) consisting of a fine circular ring (cathode) and a circle (anode) split apart (~800 µm). Unlike the stacking cell architecture, coplanar configuration offers simple design, ease of fabrication and eventually cost saving. The use of MCM-41 mesoporous silica as the membrane separator cum electrolyte reservoir enables the successful implementation of coplanar configuration. The fabrication of Ni/Zn microbattery first begins with electrodeposition of zinc (Zn) and nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2) thin films onto patterned FR4 printed circuit board, followed by deposition of zinc oxide (ZnO) slurry onto the zinc active layer, and finally ends by multiple drop-coating procedures of MCM-41 from its precursor solution at ambient temperature. Once a potassium hydroxide (6 M KOH)/MCM-41 electrolyte-separator mixture is incorporated, the cell is sealed with an acrylic sheet and epoxy adhesive. The fabricated microbatteries were capable to sustain around 130 deep charge-discharge cycles. When rated at 0.1 mA, the energy density of the microbattery was around 3.82 Wh l-1 which is suitable for low rate applications and storage for micro energy harvesters such as piezoelectric generators.

  2. MCM-41 ordered mesoporous molecular sieves synthesis and characterization

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Rogério A.A. Melo

    1999-07-01

    Full Text Available The aim of this work was to study the hydrothermal synthesis of Si and SiAlMCM-41 performed under both autogenic pressure and refluxing conditions. XRD data showed that the MCM-41 phase may be formed by both processes and that the synthesized material in the presence of Al and/or under reflux presents the hexagonally arrangement of less ordered mesopores. However, as verified by XRD and physisorption data, the order was improved with higher synthesis times. 29Si and 1H - 29Si C/P MAS NMR spectra showed that a great part of the Si atoms exists as silanol groups which originate resonance peaks at -110, -100 and -91 ppm. The presence of Al atoms may generate Si(3Si, Al and Si(2Si, 2Al environments which might be contributing to resonance peaks at -100 and -91 ppm. The 27Al MAS NMR spectrum of the as synthesized AlSiMCM-41 showed a resonance peak of tetrahedral framework aluminum close to 53 ppm and two others, one close to 14 ppm attributed to Al(H2O6+3 species and the other a weak signal close to 32 ppm attributed to pentacoordinated Al. 27Al MAS NMR spectra of the calcined sample showed a peak at 0 ppm corresponding to an hexacoordinated extra-framework aluminum formed during calcination.

  3. Synthesis of MCM-41 nanomaterial from Algerian bentonite ...

    African Journals Online (AJOL)

    Mesoporous materials of the MCM-41 type were synthesized from Algerian bentonite as an aluminosilicate source without the addition of pure silica and aluminum reagents. The samples were synthesized under hydrothermal condition using cetyltrimithylammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant. The influence of initial ...

  4. Estudio in vitro de la adaptación marginal, la resistencia compresiva y la estabilidad del color de materiales para restauraciones provisionales CAD-CAM comparados con diferentes materiales de provisionalización para técnica directa.

    OpenAIRE

    Peñate González, Lissethe

    2016-01-01

    Las restauraciones provisionales en prótesis fijas son necesarias para proteger las superficies dentales de los efectos biológicos, mecánicos y físicos hasta el momento en que la restauración definitiva sea cementada. Por estos motivos, éstas requieren de materiales que proporcionen propiedades ópticas y mecánicas similares a las de la restauración definitiva, que aseguren una adecuada resistencia a la fractura, con una buena estabilidad dimensional y marginal. Éste tipo ...

  5. Modelización de materiales piezoeléctricos como generadores de energía

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Vázquez Rodríguez, M.

    2012-02-01

    Full Text Available This paper presents the method to determine electrical equivalent models of piezoelectric materials used as electric power generating elements. The models developed from the experimental results have been used to obtain the type, amount and optimal topological structure of semiconductor elements needed in the input stage of the power generation system, and its behaviour under variable power supply demand.

    En este trabajo se presenta el estudio realizado para determinar los modelos eléctricos equivalentes de materiales de tipo piezoeléctrico, para evaluar su capacidad como elementos generadores de energía eléctrica. Los diferentes modelos desarrollados a partir de los resultados experimentales registrados, se han utilizado para obtener la estructura óptima de elementos semiconductores a utilizar en la etapa de entrada del sistema de generación y acumulación de energía eléctrica, teniendo en cuenta su morfología, tipo de semiconductor a utilizar y número necesario, así como su comportamiento ante una demanda variable de potencia a suministrar

  6. Nanometer and molecular materials: the greatness of the very tiny; Materiales manometricos y moleculares: la grandeza de lo infimo

    Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)

    Rincon, Marina [Centro de Investigacion en Energia (CIE) de la UNAM, Temixco, Morelos (Mexico)

    2010-07-01

    Some of the materials have been present in our lives for many years, and now appear with unique or improved properties by the fact that they can be manufactured in the nanometer scale; that is, a million times smaller than a millimeter and with geometries that include the nanodots, the nanotubes, the nanowires, to mention a few of them. The most popular is the titanium dioxide (Titania), known by many as the white pigment in paints, sunscreens, cosmetics and others for their null toxicity, low cost and high stability. Strictly speaking, these features are really applicable to the micrometric material (which is a thousand times larger than the nanometer) and it is still to be proven toxicity and stability of the nanometer materials; but it is a fact that the nanometer titania is very popular in a multitude of applications that have to do with catalysis, sensors, and energy conversion and storing. We will also deal with conductive polymers, which are molecular conjugated materials. [Spanish] Algunos de los materiales han estado presentes en nuestras vidas por muchos anos y ahora aparecen con propiedades unicas o mejoradas por el hecho de que se pueden fabricar en la escala de los nanometros; esto es, un millon de veces mas pequenos que un milimetro y con geometrias que comprenden los nanopuntos, los nanotubos, los nanoalambres, por mencionar algunas. El mas popular es el dioxido de titanio (titania), conocido por muchos como el pigmento blanco de las pinturas, filtros solares, cosmeticos y demas, por su nula toxicidad, bajo costo y gran estabilidad. Estrictamente hablando, estas caracteristicas son realmente aplicables al material micrometrico (que es mil veces mas grande que el nanometrico) y todavia esta por probarse la toxicidad y estabilidad de los nanomateriales; pero es un hecho que la titania nanometrica es muy popular en un sinfin de aplicaciones que tienen que ver con catalisis, sensores, y conversion y almacenamiento de energia. Hablaremos tambien de

  7. Materiales y técnicas constructivas en la Murcia andalusí (siglos X-XIII

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Navarro Palazón, Julio

    2011-12-01

    Full Text Available The evolution of the materials and building techniques of the andalusian city of Murcia between the 9th and 13th centuries are here studied, mainly based on the new information provided by the numerous archaeological excavations that have been carried out in the city for the last thirty years, related especially to residential architecture. After its accuracy analysis, some differences between the buildings techniques manufactured in the 10th and 11th centuries and those later attributed to 12th and 13th centuries have been identified, being thus highly important to describe them by remarking at the same time those distinguishing features. Problems related to the absolute chronology of these building techniques are also discussed, highlighting the definitive information currently known. With the main aim of analysing how general these remarks are or, on the contrary, if they depend on the regionalization phenomenon characterizing the andalusian recording material, we will compare the information obtained in Murcia with those coming from other andalusian sites, located these far away from the studied area. Finally, we will check if there are differences between the rural and urban environments by comparing the materials and building techniques recorded in two coetaneous sites in Murcia, both sited close to the same river Segura and 40 km distant from each other: the city of Murcia (a large madîna and the deserted settlement of Siyâsa (a hisn.En el presente trabajo estudiamos la evolución de los materiales y técnicas constructivas en la Murcia andalusí, durante un periodo de tiempo que se extiende entre los siglos X y XIII, para lo que nos basaremos especialmente en la rica información extraída de las numerosas excavaciones efectuadas en dicha ciudad, que se refiere sobre todo a arquitectura residencial. Tras su exhaustivo análisis hemos identificado algunas diferencias entre las fábricas de los siglos X y XI y las posteriores de los

  8. Ce, Ti modified MCM-48 mesoporous photocatalysts: Effect of the synthesis route on support and metal ion properties

    Science.gov (United States)

    Mureseanu, Mihaela; Filip, Mihaela; Somacescu, Simona; Baran, Adriana; Carja, Gabriela; Parvulescu, Viorica

    2018-06-01

    New Ti-MCM-48 and CeTi-MCM-48 photocatalysts were obtained by impregnation of the MCM-48 silica support synthesized by a hydrothermal process with aqueous solution of Ti and Ce precursors. The immobilization of metal cations presented a low effect on the porosity, morphology and structure of MCM-48 mesoporous silica support as was evidenced by N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, SEM and TEM electron microscopy. EDAX analysis and X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) indicated that titanium cations were present on the mesoporous silica surface only as Ti4+ species and the effect of ceria on titanium speciation was different, compared to the CeTi-MCM-48 sample, previously obtained by direct synthesis. The photocatalytic properties of mono- and bimetallic catalysts were evaluated in degradation of phenol from water and correlated with the active metallic species concentration, distribution, speciation and their interaction with the support or each other. An advanced oxidation mechanism for phenol degradation by radical species was proposed.

  9. Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of Fe/MCM-48

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Oliva, M.I; Elias, V.R; Eimer, G.A; Silvetti, S.P; Urreta, S.E

    2008-01-01

    Mesoporous silicates called MCM-48 have a structure of interconnected pores with a cubic three dimensional arrangement, with diameters ranging from 1-10nm. This kind of pore configuration has elevated surface areas (more than 1000 m 2 /g) so these molecular MCM-48 sieves are useful for supporting and encapsulating nanophases of different transition metals, metal oxides and organometallic compounds. Nanocomposites are formed with potential applications in the areas of electronics, optics, magnetism, energy storage, drug transport and catalysis. For this work MCM-48 materials were synthesized and then modified with Fe by the wet impregnation method. Two sources of Fe were used: Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O and FeSO 4 .7H 2 O. The silica, previously roasted at 773 K, was suspended in a large amount of aqueous solution that initially contained the amount of iron to be deposited (5%p/p) and that was agitated for a short time. The mixture was then placed in a bath at 353K without agitation for 8 hours. Finally the water was eliminated in a rotating evaporator at 333K. The powder obtained was dried in a stove at 333K for 8 hours and calcined at 773K for 4 hours. The microstructure of the resulting composites was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UVvis-DR). The magnetic properties were studied as a function of the temperature following zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) protocols between 300K and 5K and by measuring the hysterisis curves at different temperatures in the same range. The DRX studies confirmed a MCM-48 type structure for all the matrices, consistent with the high surface areas - around 1300 m 2 /g- measured. The structure and the surface areas of the composites were affected by the addition of the metal. While the UVvis-DR and DRX analyses of the composites obtained showed that the iron subjects in the final material are similar for both sources of iron used, they have different magnetic behaviors

  10. The Correlation of Adsorption Behavior between Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride and the Active Sites of Fe-doped MCM-41

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Ying Wu

    2018-02-01

    Full Text Available HIGHLIGHTSFe incorporation significantly accelerated the adsorption of CPX on MCM-41.Fe leaching can be ignored when pH was higher than 4.0.pH played an important role in CPX adsorption on Fe-MCM-41.Co-effect of CPX and metal cations on Fe-MCM-41 was investigated.Fe-MCM-41s with various molar ratios of silicon to iron (20, 40, 80, and 160 were prepared to investigate adsorption properties of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CPX in aqueous solutions. Fe-MCM-41s were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR. Effects of silicon-iron ratio, adsorbent dosage, pH, and temperature were conducted to explore the adsorption mechanism of CPX on Fe-MCM-41. The results showed that the introduction of iron facilitated the absorption quantity for CPX from 20.04 to 83.33 mg g−1 at 120 min of reaction time, which was mainly attributed to surface complexation. The promotion of hydrophobic effect, electrostatic interactions, and π-π electron donor-acceptor interaction also played coordinate roles in the adsorption process. The experimental kinetic data followed both the pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models, while the adsorption isotherm data fit well to Freundlich model at high temperature. Thermodynamic study showed that the adsorption was spontaneous. Under the effect of electrostatic interaction, pH of the solution strongly affected CPX adsorption. Five representative metal cations (Ca, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cd were chosen to study the effects on CPX adsorption and their complexation. The inhibiting effect of metal cations on CPX adsorption was sequenced in the order of Cu > Ni > Pb > Cd > Ca, which followed the same order as the complexation stability constants between CPX and cations. The Fe-MCM-41 adsorbent possessed excellent reusability for 4 cycles use, suggesting a potential applicability of

  11. Sulfuric acid functional zirconium (or aluminum) incorporated mesoporous MCM-48 solid acid catalysts for alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Jiang, Tingshun; Cheng, Jinlian; Liu, Wangping; Fu, Lie; Zhou, Xuping; Zhao, Qian; Yin, Hengbo

    2014-01-01

    Several zirconium (or aluminum) incorporated mesoporous MCM-48 solid acid catalysts (SO 4 2− /Zr-MCM-48 and SO 4 2− /Al-MCM-48) were prepared by the impregnation method and their physicochemical properties were characterized by means of XRD, FT-IR, TEM, NH 3 -TPD and N 2 physical adsorption. Also, the catalytic activities of these solid acid catalysts were evaluated by the alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol. The effect of weight hour space velocity (WHSV), reaction time and reaction temperature on catalytic properties was also studied. The results show that the SO 4 2− /Zr-MCM-48 and SO 4 2− /Al-MCM-48 still have good mesoporous structure and long range ordering. Compared with the Zr (or Al)–MCM-48 samples, SO 4 2− /Zr-MCM-48 and SO 4 2− /Al-MCM-48 solid acid catalysts have strong acidity and exhibit high activities in alkylation reaction of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol. The SO 4 2− /Zr-MCM-48-25 (molar ratio of Si/Zr=0.04) catalyst was found to be the most promising and gave the highest phenol conversion among all catalysts. A maximum phenol conversion of 91.6% with 4-tert-butyl phenol (4-TBP) selectivity of 81.8% was achieved when the molar ratio of tert-butyl alcohol:phenol is 2:1, reaction time is 2 h, the WHSV is 2 h −1 and the reaction temperature is 140 °C. - Highlights: • Sulfuric acid functional mesoporous solid acid catalysts were prepared via impregnation method. • The alkylation of phenol with tert-butyl alcohol was carried out over these solid acid catalysts. • The catalytic activity of SO 4 2− /Zr-MCM-48-25 catalyst is much higher than that of the others. • A maximum phenol conversion of 91.6% was achieved under optimum reaction conditions for SO 4 2− /Zr-MCM-48-25

  12. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity toward methanol oxidation of electrocatalyst Pt4+-NH2-MCM-41

    International Nuclear Information System (INIS)

    Zheng Huajun; Chen Zuo; Wang Limin; Ma Chun’an

    2012-01-01

    Highlights: ► It was first confirmed that the Pt 4+ exhibited a good electro-catalytic property for methanol oxidation. ► The Pt 4+ perfectly distributed on a mesoporous molecular sieve matrix synthesis by a facile method. ► The good performance of catalyst resistance to poisoning because of a homogeneous distribution of Pt 4+ and large specific surface area. - Abstract: Mesoporous material with functional group (Pt 4+ -NH 2 -MCM-41) was prepared by grafting aminopropyl group and adsorbing platinum ions on the surface of the commercial molecular sieve (MCM-41). The characterization carried out by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N 2 adsorption–desorption measurement pointed out that Pt was adsorbed on the NH 2 -MCM-41 surface as the oxidation state (Pt 4+ ) and the surface area of Pt 4+ -NH 2 -MCM-41 was up to 564 m 2 /g. Transmission electron microscopy and elemental mapping indicated a homogeneous distribution of Pt 4+ throughout all surface of the mesoporous materials. Electro-catalytic properties of methanol oxidation on the Pt 4+ -NH 2 -MCM-41 electrode were investigated with electrochemical methods. The results showed that the Pt 4+ -NH 2 -MCM-41 electrode exhibited catalytic activity in the methanol electro-oxidation with the apparent activation energy being 49.29 kJ/mol, and the control step of methanol electro-oxidation was the mass transfer process. It is first proved that platinum ions had good electro-catalytic property for methanol oxidation and provided a new idea for developing electrode materials in future.

  13. Resultados de las mejoras de la tecnología de los vehículos y de los combustibles en la atmósfera del municipio de Madrid

    OpenAIRE

    Pérez Martínez, Pedro; Monzón de Cáceres, Andrés

    2011-01-01

    El trabajo demuestra que las concentraciones de óxido de azufre y monóxido de carbono han disminuido como consecuencia de los incrementos de la calidad de los combustibles y de las normas de emisión de los vehículos desarrollados durante el periodo de estudio. Sin embargo, las concentraciones de los óxidos de nitrógeno, partículas materiales y ozono se han mantenido constantes pese a la mejora de las emisiones por vehículo, como consecuencia del aumento de la movilidad. Además, las concentra...

  14. Estilos de vida en los estudiantes de enfermería

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Martha Ligia Velandia-Galvis

    2015-06-01

    Full Text Available Objetivo: determinar las principales conductas que constituyen los estilos de vida de los estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública. Materiales y Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. A una muestra de 120 estudiantes de todos los semestres se aplicó el instrumento Cuestionario de Estilos de Vida Saludable, que busca detectar los hábitos de los estudiantes en ocho dimensiones: actividad física, tiempo de ocio, alimentación, consumo de alcohol, cigarrillo y drogas ilegales, sueño, relaciones interpersonales, afrontamiento y estado emocional. Resultados: en la caracterización sociodemográfica se encontró que el 71% de los encuestados corresponden al género femenino, estrato socioeconómico predominante 2 (bajo, edad promedio 20 años, estatura promedio 1,62m, peso promedio 61kg, índice de masa corporal 22,50. Respecto a la actividad física se determinó que la pereza con el 51% de los encuestados y el sedentarismo con un promedio de 8,32 marcan tendencia; en la dimensión tiempo de ocio, se reportó una baja prevalencia en la realización de actividades de este tipo, con un promedio de 7,78, ligeramente superior al punto medio de 7,5; los estudiantes prefieren dedicar su tiempo a estudiar o trabajar (35% de los encuestados. El 41% de los encuestados afirma estar satisfecho con las prácticas que conforman sus estilos de vida. Conclusiones: los estudiantes encuestados presentan prácticas saludables, a excepción de las dimensiones de actividad física y tiempo de ocio; además se sienten satisfechos con sus estilos de vida, independientemente de si éstos son o no saludables.

  15. Deformación permanente de materiales granulares en pavimentos flexibles: estado del conocimiento Permanent strain of granular materials in flexible pavements: state of the art

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Hugo Alexánder Rondón

    2009-01-01

    Full Text Available Diversos estudios han sido desarrollados en el área de los pavimentos para comprender el comportamiento elastoplástico que experimentan materiales granulares bajo carga cíclica. Este es el segundo de dos artículos que presentan el estado del conocimiento de investigaciones desarrolladas en esta área. Basado en una amplia revisión bibliográfica, este artículo da cuenta de la forma como ha sido estudiado el fenómeno de deformación permanente en materiales granulares empleados para conformar capas de base y sub-base de estructuras de pavimentos flexibles. Además, se exponen y se discuten los factores que afectan la resistencia a la deformación permanente y la evolución de las ecuaciones matemáticas desarrolladas para predecir la deformación que experimentan estos materiales bajo carga cíclica. Un estado del conocimiento sobre el comportamiento resiliente de estos materiales es presentado en el primer artículo (Rondón y Reyes, 2007.Several studies have been conducted in pavement field for trying to understand the elastoplastic behavior experienced by granular materials under a cyclic load. This is the second out of two articles which show state-of-the-art of researches conducted in this field. Based on a wide literature review, this article accounts for the way how permanent strain phenomenon has been studied in granular materials used for creating base and sub-base layers of flexible pavement structures. Besides, this article displays and discusses factors which affect resistance to permanent strain and evolution of mathematical equations developed for predicting that strain experienced by these materials under a cyclic load. A state-of-the-art about resilient behavior of these materials has been presented in the first article (Rondón and Reyes, 2007.

  16. Nuevos materiales cerámica-Niobio con aplicaciones biomédicas.

    OpenAIRE

    Gutiérrez-González, C. F.

    2009-01-01

    Tesis Doctoral elaborada en el Departamento de Materiales Particulados del Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC) y presentada en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid el 17 de junio de 2009.

  17. Límites del dialecto leonés en la provincia de Zamora según los materiales del Cuaderno I del ALPI (1934-1935

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    González Ferrero, Juan Carlos

    2007-12-01

    éticos orientales y occidentales del dialecto leonés en la provincia de Zamora, teniendo en cuenta el carácter sistemático o lexicalizado de los fenómenos, así como determinar las distintas áreas y subáreas dialectales que en función de esos límites pueden establecerse, y comprobar las semejanzas y diferencias entre estos límites y áreas y los trazados por la dialectología tradicional. Para ello, se estudian los materiales recogidos en Zamora en 1934 y 1935 para el Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica (ALPI por Aurelio M. Espinosa [hijo] y Aníbal Otero, y, más concretamente, los correspondientes al Cuaderno I que David Heap ha publicado en www.alpi.ca.

  18. Propiedades mecánicas de materiales compuestos de matriz de aluminio reforzados con intermetálicos

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Torres, B.

    2001-04-01

    Full Text Available In this work 2124 aluminium matrix composites reinforced with Ni3Al, NiAl, MoSiO2 and Cr3Si intermetallic powder particles have been investigated. For comparision purposes, unreinforced 2124 and reinforced with SiC have also been studied. In all cases, the same powder metallurgy route was used, i.e. the 2124 alloy was obtained by rapid solidification and the intermetallic particles by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS. The matrix and the intermetallics were mechanically blended, cold compacted and finally hot extruded. Tensile tests were carried out in T1 and T4 treatments. Results indicate that mechanical properties depend strongly on the tendence to form new phases at the matrixintermetallic interface during procesing and/or futher thermal treatments. The materials which present better properties are those that present less reaction between matrix and intermetallic reinforcement, i.e. MoSiO2 and SiC reinforced composites.

    En este trabajo se estudia el comportamiento mecánico de varios materiales compuestos de matriz de aluminio 2124 reforzados con partículas de los intermetálicos, Ni3Al, NiAl, MoSiO2 y Cr3Si. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan con la aleación 2124 monolítica y con esa misma aleación reforzada con partículas del cerámico SiC. En todos los casos, se sigue la misma ruta de procesado pulvimetalúrgico a partir de polvos rápidamente solidificados, en el caso de la aleación 2124, y de la molienda mecánica de un tocho obtenido por síntesis autopropagada a temperatura elevada (SHS, para el refuerzo intermetálico. Matriz y reforzante se mezclan, mecánicamente, para, a continuación, compactar uniaxialmente en frío, procediéndose, finalmente, a la consolidación por extrusión. Las propiedades mecánicas se estudian mediante ensayos de tracción en estado T1 y T4. Los resultados obtenidos indican que las propiedades mec

  19. Descripción morfoagronómica de materiales de plátano (Musa AAB, ABB y banano (Musa AAA cultivados en San Andrés Isla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Oscar Javier Parra Pachón

    2009-10-01

    Full Text Available Durante el primer semestre de 2005 se estudiaron los cultivares de plátano y banano en fincas y parcelas de 15 agricultores típicos participantes en programas conjuntos de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Pesca de San Andrés Isla y de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe. A partir de descriptores de INIBAP, IPGRI y CIRAD y revisiones bibliográficas.se describen morfológicamente los materiales de Musa cultivados en la Isla, así como las prácticas de los productores isleños, Se identificaron cuatro clones del subgrupo plátano (Musa AAB: un Hartón (‘Horse’ y tres Dominico-Hartón (‘Tallo Negro’, ‘Tallo Blanco’ y ‘Cincuenta’ del subgrupo ABB se hallaron un material de Bluggoe (‘Boscó’ y un Felipita. El subgrupo banano AAA presentó dos materiales Gros Michel (denominados Común y Chino y uno de banano (Rojo. El plátano tiene gran importancia para los agricultores de la Isla, siendo el Boscó el clon más aceptado entre consumidores por su adaptación a las condiciones edafológicas y climáticas. El banano es menos cultivado; ya que los suelos, el clima y las enfermedades como sigatoka negra, condicionaron el desarrollo de clones. El trabajo sugiere prácticas de fácil implementación que podrían aumentar la producción en los sistemas de huerto mixto tropical que predominan en la Isla.

  20. Descripción morfoagronómica de materiales de plátano (Musa AAB, ABB y banano (Musa AAA cultivados en San Andrés Isla

    Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)

    Parra Pachón Oscar Javier

    2009-12-01

    Full Text Available Durante el primer semestre de 2005 se estudiaron los cultivares de plátano y banano en fincas y parcelas de 15 agricultores típicos participantes en programas conjuntos de la Secretaría de Agricultura y Pesca de San Andrés Isla y de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe. A partir de descriptores de INIBAP, IPGRI y CIRAD y revisiones bibliográficas.se describen morfológicamente los materiales de Musa cultivados en la Isla, así como las prácticas de los productores isleños, Se identificaron cuatro clones del subgrupo plátano (Musa AAB: un Hartón (‘Horse’ y tres Dominico-Hartón (‘Tallo Negro’, ‘Tallo Blanco’ y ‘Cincuenta’ del subgrupo ABB se hallaron un material de Bluggoe (‘Boscó’ y un Felipita. El subgrupo banano AAA presentó dos materiales Gros Michel (denominados Común y Chino y uno de banano (Rojo. El plátano tiene gran importancia para los agricultores de la Isla, siendo el Boscó el clon más aceptado entre consumidores por su adaptación a las condiciones edafológicas y climáticas. El banano es menos cultivado; ya que los suelos, el clima y las enfermedades como sigatoka negra, condicionaron el desarrollo de clones. El trabajo sugiere prácticas de fácil implementación que podrían aumentar la producción en los sistemas de huerto mixto tropical que predominan en la Isla.